Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-six,

By THOMAS S. LIN SCOTT, in ihe office of the Minister of Agriculture.

HON. SIRJOLIVER MOWAT, Q.C., M.P.P., LL.D., PREMIER OF ONTARIO.

Born July 22nd, 1820, created Q.C. in 1856, elected to Parliament 1857, was Provincial Secretary 1858, Postmaster- General 1863, appointed to the Bench 1864, made Premier 1872.

THE CANADIAN ALBUM

ENCYCLOPEDIC CANADA

Uk

THE PROGRESS OF A NATION

IN

RELIGION, PATRIOTISM, BUSINESS. LAW, MEDICINE, EDUCATION

AND AGRICULTURE.

CONTAINING FACTS AND FACES OF SOME OF CANADA'S CHIEF BUSINKSS MKN, STATESMEN, FAKMKKS, MEN OF THE

I I AKM-H PROFESSIONS, AND OTHERS.

WITH PEN AND PICTURE SKETCHES OF CANADIAN INSTITUTIONS, INDUSTRIES, AND COMMUNITIES.

EDITF.D BY

J. CASTELL HOPKINS, £ <g - 2 • 2* M

AUTHOR OK " I.IFF. AND WORK OF SIR JOHN THOMPSON," " LIFE AND WORK OF MR. GLADSTONE,"

ETC., ETC.

EDl'IOR OF VOLS. I. -IV.

REV. WM. COCHRANE, D.D.,

AUTHOR OF "FUTURE PUNISHMENT, OR DOES DEATH END PROBATION?" "THE CHURCH AND THE COMMONWEALTH,"

ETC., ETC.

VOL. V.

THE BRADLEY-GARRETSON COMPANY, LTD. BKA\TF()RD AND TORONTO, ONTARIO

INTRODUCTION.

IT is with very great pleasure that Volume V. of THE CANADIAN ALBUM is now intro- duced. The former numbers of this art work are so widely and favorably known throughout the Dominion that the present issue will undoubtedly receive a very generous greeting.

Considerably less than six years ago this prodigious undertaking was launched as one of the greatest art biographical works ever attempted by European or American publishers. Since then the conquering of vast difficulties, the constant toil of able hands and minds, and the expenditure of over one hundred thousand dollars, have resulted in giving to the world an aggregation of faces and facts which will become increasingly interesting and valuable as the years roll on.

It is safe to say that few other works, irrespective of their nature, have in more marked degree called forth the patriotism of the Canadian people. The beauty and utility of the enterprise have been not only admired by them, but so practically appreciated that a large circulation has been effected, carrying in its sweep the power to further strengthen the bond of union existing between our various provinces. Like previous volumes, the scope of this number is not limited to any special part of the provinces, or section of the Dominion, thus affording greater variety and wider information than if confined to narrower limits.

The importance of Volume V. is greatly enhanced by the encyclopedic feature which it contains in the way of descriptive sketches written from information furnished by distinguished national or local authorities, and covering the principal places touched by it. In these days of pen pictures, this striking innovation upon the original plan of THE CANADIAN ALBUM, without increase of cost to its patrons, will be heartily appreciated by the many who are interested in its advent and circulation. These historic pages are more than ordinarily important on account of being found in this work, a fact which guarantees their preservation for centuries to come.

Another commendable element in the production of the different volumes issued is the uniformity in the quality of the material used and the workmanship displayed. From first to last no attempt to save expense is apparent, nor is there any noticeable neglect in main- taining the high standard of excellence promised in the execution of the first number.

In all probability this is the last volume of the present series, it being the intention ot the publishers to enlarge and perfect present numbers as fast as new additions are required. The first four numbers bear the name of the distinguished author and editor, Rev. Wm. Cochrane, D.D., to whose prestige much of the success of the enterprise is due. Owing to greatly increased demands on his time, and in consideration of the more laborious work of editing the enlarged matter of the closing number, he, while not withdrawing his sympathy and influence, desired the completion of the series to be transferred to other hands.

In taking his place, therefore, and presenting this Volume to the Canadian public, I can only express the hope and expectation that it will have the cordial and earnest recep- tion which its great value, and the enterprise of its publishers, so thoroughly deserve.

OTTAWA

MY

L. A. M.-LOVEKIN

j| HERE is, probably, no city upon the -*- continent which has made more ex- traordinary strides, in a relative sense, within a few years than Ottawa. But yester- day, so to speak, it was only what an eminent writer described as " a backwoods lumber village transformed into a political cock-pit." " Lumber " was stamped upon its forehead. On that its banks depended, with sometimes most unpleasant results. Its shopkeepers for the most part relied upon the large body of spoon-fed individuals privileged, by the grace of political patronage, to feed on easy terms at the public crib, and which, had not the iron bands of isolation been somewhat rudely broken by the ruth- less invasion of the demands and resources of modern civilization, bid fair to perpetuate a distorted type of isolated individualism, peculiar from its limited environment, which would in time have proved an interesting soci- ological study. Then, once a year Parliament met, administering to this solitary commu- nity a periodical stimulant, socially demoraliz- ing and commercially unproductive of any permanent good. At that time the city was almost unapproachable. But one line cf railway ran into it from Prescott ; and it is perhaps as well that the witty pen of Mark Twain has immortalized the delights of those unhappy passengers whose fate compelled them to be dumped off " at Prescott Junc- tion " at uncertain hours of the night or morning, there to obtain the scant refresh- ment available, and await what was euphe- mistically termed " railway connection " with the capital of the Dominion. If " profane swearing " is to be recorded against humanity in the future, there is no doubt

that a very large number of Members of Parliament, at least, and doubtless many others, will find a serious account against them in the " Great Ledger," all in conse- quence of this exceedingly unpleasant and irritating point of transhipment. But hap- pily the old order changeth, and in nothing is a greater change evidenced than in the almost magic emancipation of Ottawa frjm the debilitating influences of the past thus briefly recapitulated.

Ottawa owes her present position mainly to an accident — one due to military exigen- cies, and the selection is a standing proof of the assertion that the greatest soldiers are generally unfit persons to give a decision upon matters which may ultimately seriously affect the civil interests of the nation. The selection of Ottawa is really due to the cal- culations of the Duke of Wellington, who, with a soldier's eye, looked merely to " bases " of military operation, founded upon the ex- periences of the war of 1812 ; and his choice embodied the elementary principle of tactics, that on a frontier, like that of Canada, the base should lie as far from the line of opera- tions as possible. And, at that time, the idea of a united Canada, with its borders limited by the Atlantic and the Pacific, and a railway from coast to coast, if it had been advanced would have been derided as a kind of vision only worthy the Arabian Nights Entertainment. The present Ottawa, then a hazy point on an uncertain map, looked doubtless to the military authorities at the Horse Guards like a British North American ultima thule, so far as the defences of Canada from the south were concerned.

MEN

CANADA.

So, some eighty years ago, the Earl of Dal- housie, Colonel By, of the Royal Engineers, and some others arrived on the site of the present Capital for the purpose of examining what necessarily had to be the key of the position on the projected military canal connecting the St. Lawrence with the inner waters of the old provinces.

But it is also through the efforts of the older and early settlers, such as Mr. Philemon Wright, an emigrant from the U.S.A. during the revolutionary period, the history of whose efforts is largely written on the pages of the Journals of the Assembly of Lower Canada in 1820, and which form a too inter- esting and important record to deal with at length in the present brief sketch, that the first progress of the settlement of the adjacent county and locality surrounding what is now Ottawa is due.

The name of Mr. Nicholas Sparks is gen- erally associated with the term "founder of Ottawa." This gentleman arrived on the site of what is now Ottawa in the year 1816, and engaged as a farm servant with Mr. Philemon Wright mentioned above. Having saved money enough he bought land in the township of Nepean, obtaining for the sum of £95 sufficient lots which were subse- quently worth many thousands of dollars, and enabled the Sparks family to occupy a position in the very front rank of Ottawa's citizens. Mr. Sparks is supposed to have built his little log house where the Welling- ton Ward market now stands. Other settlers gathered around, and the names of Ralph Smith, 1819, Daniel O'Connor, Cap- tain Le Breton, Robert Sherreff, and William Graham, may be mentioned among the roll of the pioneers of the locality.

The selection of the city of Ottawa as the political capital of Canada is associated with the history of the country, and forms an interesting chapter upon its pages. After the riots in Montreal, in 1849, the destruc- tion of the Parliament buildings, and the attack on Lord Elgin, the Governor-General,

the seat of Government was moved about alternately from Toronto to Quebec, and, considering the then conditions of the country and the imperfect means of travel, this arrangement was obviously inconveni- ent. It was found necessary to arrive at some compromise, especially in view of the heat of factional political feeling which reigned at the time. Arbitration became necessary, and the question was submitted to the Crown. In accordance with this re- quest Her Majesty made choice of Ottawa, and the fact was made public in the year 1858. The intelligence did not cause general satisfaction, as, perhaps with some reason, the older cities considered that they had a greater claim to the honor of being elevated to the position of the Metropolis of the then united Canada. But later events have proved that the selection was, so far as geographical position was concerned, a good one, and with our wonderfully developed railway facilities is co-day as satisfactory a mustering point for Members of Parliament coming from the Atlantic to the Pacific as could be found upon the map ; and occupy- ing, as it does, a kind of central position, the causes of civic jealousies are removed. But Her Majesty's choice was not accepted without a fight in Parliament, and the de- cision was regarded as the work rather of the Ministry of the day than of the Crown, and was treated accordingly by those who were in opposition to the Government of the then Mr. John Alexander Macdonald, after- wards the famous Premier of the Dominion. The Journals of the Assembly show that Mr. Dorion moved a resolution condemning the choice, made nominally by the Queen, though he, from circumstances, was com- pelled to word it as being merely expressive of " regret." In effect, the passage of this resolution, though, in fact, expressing the feeling of a large portion of the members of the Legislature, would have been a vote of want of confidence in the Government of the day. It was rejected by a majority of 18.

MKN OP CANADA.

Later on, Mr. Christopher Dunkin moved that an address be sent to the Queen, asking that she reconsider her decision and name Montreal as the future capital. But, after a sharp parliamentary contest, which in- volved the resignation of the Cabinet of the Macdonald-Cartier administration, and the brief tenure of office of Mr. George Brown, we find, at the opening of the session of 1859, the Speech from the Throne recapitu- lating the circumstances and proceedings which ended in the choice of Ottawa as the capital, and expressing the hope that the selection made by the Queen would be en- dorsed by the Assembly. This was filially accomplished, but only by a very small majority. The Brown-Dorion Government had previously been declared by the Assem- bly, on the motion of the Hon. Hector Langevin, not possessed of its confidence. And so, in 1865, with the future Sir John Macdonald in power as Premier, the seat of Government was transferred from Quebec to the position it has held ever since.

As a sequence to these important events came the construction of the Parliament Buildings, the beauty of which, from an architectural standpoint, has obtained for them a more than continental reputation. The foundation stone was laid in the year 1861, by the Prince of Wales. Since that period the progress of Ottawa, materially and socially, may be said to have been almost phenomenal. The first official cen- sus of the place ever taken was in the year 1848, when it was found some six thousand souls formed the population. To-day, in 1896, the civic returns of assessment show the population to be in the neighborhood of fifty thousand. In 1861 the first railway ran to the city from Prescott, and for many years formed the sole means of ingress, thus making Ottawa, as has been above stated, occupy a position somewhat similar to an island visited by a packet once or twice a day. To-day the Canadian Pacific, Canada Atlantic, Arnprior & Parry Sound,

the Pontiac Pacific Junction, the Ottawa & Gatineau Valley, all concentrate their efforts in making Ottawa the principal railway centre in Canada. Only a few years ago a solitary suspension bridge was the means of crossing the river from Hull. To-day three or four important railway and other struc- tures span the river, and in a very short time a superb inter-provincial bridge will be an accomplished fact.

The lumbering business still forms a most important industry, and them agnifi- cent water power, the like of which can hardly be found in any other section of the country, enables it to be carried on to a vast extent. The mills of Messrs. Bronson, Booth. Perley, Eddy, and MacLaren are known all over the continent. The city possesses handsome municipal buildings, Normal School, Collegiate Institute, Geo- logical Museum, a very fine fishery exhibit under the control of the Government, and a Patent Office. The Rideau Hall, the resi- dence of the Governor-General, is also within the precincts.

Phosphates abound in the vicinity, and afford a staple article of trade, and the country around is rich in minerals. The Government Experimental Farm, which contributes so much to the advance of agri- culture, is also within a short distance of the city, and the splendid electrical system bids fair to connect, ere long, all the sur- rounding towns and villages with the Capital. The city possesses remarkably good educa- tional facilities. In addition to those men- tioned area University, the Congregation of Notre Dame, the Grey Nuns and the Ladies of the Convent of the Sacred Heart Schools, Ottawa Ladies' College, Colignv College (Presbyterian), and the Church of England Ladies' School, all of which are important institutions ; while hospitals and charities are numerous and generously supported. The public press is well represented and ably conducted. TheCitizen (morning), Free Press, Journal, and Le Temps have large circulations.

MEN

CANADA.

'THE LATE WILLIAM GOOD- A HUE PERLEY, Ottawa, Ont, was born at Enfield, New Hamp- shire, June 4th, 1820. He received his education in the schools of New Hamp- shire. He was for some time engaged in business in Canaan, N.H., but in 1857 removed to Ottawa and commen- ced lumbering operations on a large scale with G. B. Pattee, under the name of Perley & Pattee. Their business ex- tended very rapidly, averaging of late years over 50,000,000 feet per annum. In 1885, Mr. Perley's son, G. H. Perley, and Mr. C. B. Powell, were taken into partnership, which continued until Mr.

Perley's death, April ist, 1890. In 1887 he was elected member of Parlia- ment for Ottawa, and proved himself a worthy representative of that important constituency, being well versed in commercial matters generally, and the lumbering interests in particular. He was a Conservative, a staunch supporter of the National Policy and the late Sir John A. Macdonald, and died in harness. In connection with Mr. J. R. Booth and Hon. J. G. Smith, he built the Canada Atlantic Railway, which has been such a boon to Ottawa, and which has several times been named as a standard of excel- lence by the Government, when giving contracts for railway con- struction. In religion Mr. Perley was a supporter of the Presbyterian Church, and individually, as well as in his capacity as member of the firm of Perley & Pattee, was a liberal supporter of all the worthy charities of Ottawa, and of the deserving poor generally. He was thorough- ly respected for his kindness of heart, and his well-known and unswerving probity. He was married twice ; first, Sept. 1 4th, 1846, to Mabel Ticknor, daughter of H. R. Stevens, by whom he has two children living, viz., George H. Perley, and Mrs. E. E. Webb, of Que- bec. The former is a B.A. of Harvard University, Vice- President Canada Atlantic Railway Co., and director in various local undertakings in Ottawa. Mr. Perley was married a second time to Georgiana M., daughter of Perkins Gale, June 2oth, 1866, by whom he had one son, Herbert S. Perley.

MKX < >i C. \\.\i >A

TV LEXANDER MACKINNON ±\ BURGESS, Deputy Minister VS> of the Interior, Ottawa, was born in Strathspey, Inverness-shire, Scotland, October 2ist, 1850. He received his education in the schools of the old land, and came to this coun- try when twenty-one years of age. Mr. Burgess has had a large experience in newspaper work, having been for some years a member of the staff of the Toronto Globe, and, later, the proprietor and editor of the Times, of Ottawa. He organized and directed the first official report and publication of the Debates of the House of Commons of

Canada in 1875; performed the same service for the House of Commons and the Senate in 1876. In October of that year he entered the public service of Canada as private secretary to the Hon. David Mills. Minister of the Interior. In 1882 Mr. Burgess became secretary of the Department of the Interior, and in the following year was again promoted by Sir John A. Macdonald, at that time head of the department, to the position which he now holds. He was married, in 1873,10 Miss Margaret Beatrice, daughter of the late Thomas Anderson, publisher and author, of Portsoy, Scotland.

10

MEN OF CANADA.

SCOTT, Accountant of the Ottawa River Works, was born Feb. i5th, 1830, in Perth, Scotland. He is the son of James Scott and Elizabeth Ritchie, the former a saddler of Perth. Mr. Scott received his education at Perth Acad- emy, Scotland, leaving school when sixteen years of age. He then began the study of law in that city, where he remained for five years. In 1851 he entered a commission office in the city of Liverpool, England. In 1852 he came to Canada, locating at Bytown (now Ottawa), where for two years he was assistant to the secretary of the Bytown

and Prescott (now the St. Lawrence and Ottawa) Railway. In 1854 he took his present position in the Public Works of Canada. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Past Master of Dal- housie Lodge, and also a J.P. for Carle- ton County. He has held various municipal offices, such as councillor and alderman, for seventeen years and school trustee for four years. In religion he is a Presbyterian. Mr. Scott was married in 1861 to Margaret Jane, daughter of the late Dr. Crawford, and grand-daughter of the late Lieu- tenant-Colonel Burke, the pioneer settler of Richmond, Ont.

MKN OP CANADA..

1 1

¥ GUIS JOSEPH RENE STEC- J KEL, C.E., Member Can. Soc.

^V^ C.E., Chief Clerk Engineering Branch Public Works Dept., Canada, was born September 6th, 1844, at Wintzenheim, Alsace, I;rance. His parents were the late George L. R. and Marie Madeleine Eugenie Scholer Stec- kel, who came to Quebec in 1857. The former was a Notary Public, and for many years assistant Mayor of the town of Wintzenheim, while the latter was a native of Switzerland. Mr. Steckel was educated in French and German, drawing, geometry, etc., at Henfeld, and acquired a knowledge of English and mathematics at Quebec and in the Western States. After successfully passing the ex- amination for admission to the study of land surveying in Lower Canada, he at- tended lectures at Laval on natural philosophy, chemis- try, geology, and botany. He also studied engineering and architecture in the office of Charles Baillairge, M.S. E. R., S.C., etc., now City Engineer of Quebec. He was first employed as draughtsman on the Gaspe and Gulf Shore road sur- veys, 1861-62. In 1863 he was appointed draughtsman on the Parliament and De- partmental buildings, Ot- tawa, and permanently ap- pointed to the Dominion Department Public Works, Engineering Branch, 1870. Appointed engineer on the outside service of the Public Works Department, August 4th, 1873; chief clerk, En- gineering Branch Public W7orks Department, July ist, 1880. The important

engineering projects and scientific works which have been successfully carried through under the supervision of Mr. Steckel are far too numerous to men- tion here. He is an indefatigable worker, and from his experiments many valuable improvements have re- sulted. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He has never had any leisure for politics, his time being fully taken up in other lines. He has been married twice ; first, June 25th, 1873, to Catherine O'Connor, who died March 22nd, 1893; and second, June 4th, 1894, to Mary Ann Kavanagh, of Ottawa.

MEN

CANADA.

JOSEPH THOMAS BART- RAM, Surveyor of Customs, Ottawa, Ontario, was born at Cobourg, Ont, June 24th, 1841. His father and grandfather came to Canada, settling in Cobourg in 1833. The Bartrams are descendants of the Hugue- nots. It was after King Henry IV. of France issued the Edict of Nantes, April 1 5th, 1598, which ended the religious wars of the country and gave the Huguenots the same equality and political rights as Catholics, that three Bartram brothers left France and settled in the counties of Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, and Derbyshire, England,

the original family name being DeBer- trand. John Bartram, the celebrated botanist to King George III., is a descendant of this family, and came to Philadelphia in 1681. He was the founder of the first botanical garden in America, on which he built a mansion in 1828-31. So perfectly preserved are all the embellishments of this quiet re- treat of the American botanist that the imaginative visitor to-day can fully appreciate the motives of the designer of it. Our subject was educated at Jardine's Boarding School, Colborne, and Syracuse Institute, N.Y., subse- quently graduating at the High School, Brbckville. After complet- ing his studies, he entered the establishment of John McMullen, Esq., a Canadian historian, who carried on a large stationery business in Brockville. He entered the public service in 1857, and was appointed Surveyor of Customs in 1876, at the age of thirty-five years. For twenty years his father had also held the office of Sur- veyor of Customs. Mr. Bar- tram discharges the duties of this important office in a way which meets with the hearty approval of the pub- lic. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity and Sons of Eng- land. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. He married De- cember 22nd, 1868, Janet McLardy, youngest daugh- ter of the late John Mc- Lardy, of St. John, New Brunswick. His family con- sists of ten children living, seven sons and three daugh- ters,

MKN OP CANADA.

JOHN MORTIMER COURTNEY, Deputy Minister of Finance, Receiver- General and Secretary of the Treasury Board, Ottawa, was born at Penzance, Cornwall, England, July 22nd, 1838. His parents were J. S. Courtney, of Alverton House, Penzance, and Sarah, daughter of John Mortimer. Mr. Courtney received his edu- cation by private tuition in England. He was for a time in the Mount's Bay Bank, Penzance, and the Agra Bank at Calcutta, India, and Sydney, N.S.W., and the Royal Bank of India. He entered the public service of Canada in June, 1869, and was promoted to his present position, August ist, 1878. The Deputy Minister of Finance has reached his present high office by well-de- served promotion, and fills it with credit and ability. Mr. Courtney was married October 5th, 1870, to Mary Elizabeth Sophia Taylor, second daughter of the late Flemings Taylor, of the Senate, Canada. His family consists of one son, Reginald Mortimer, a graduate of R. M. C. of Canada, and now on the Corn- mission appointed to determine the boundary between Alaska and British Columbia.

HON. RICHARD WILLIAM SCOTT, O..C., LUD., P.C.

JOHN MORTIMER COURTNEY.

. RICHARD WILLIAM SCOTT, Q.C., LL.D., P.C.. was born at Prescott, Ont., Feb. 24th, 1825. He is the son of the late Dr. W. J. Scott and Sarah Ann, daughter of the late Capt. Allan McDonell, of Dundas County, Ont. He was called to the Bar of Upper Canada in 1848, appointed a Q.C. in 1867, received the degree of LL.D. in 1889. Was Mayor of Ottawa in 1852 ; elected Speaker in the Ontario Assembly, 1871 ; appointed a member of the Executive Council and Commissioner of Crown Lands for the province same year, and was sworn one of the Queen's Privy Coun- cillors in 1873. He was Secretary of State from Jan. gth, 1874, until Oct., 1878, and has since been leader of the Opposition in the Senate. He sat for Ottawa in the Canadian Assembly from 1857 to 1863, and for same seat in Ontario Assembly from 1867 until Nov., 1873. His principal legislative achievement is the Separate Schools Law of Ont. (1863). The Canada Temperance Act was also framed by him, and carried through Parliament, chiefly owing to his exertions. Called to the Senate, Mar. I3th, 1874. A Liberal in politics.

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MEN OFS CANADA.

THE LATE WILLIAM STEWART, M.P.P.

HE LATE WILLIAM STEWART, M.P.P., Ottawa, Ont., was born in 1802, in the Isle of Skye, Scotland. He received his education at the Parish Schools, and com- menced business in Bytown in 1827. He was one of the first to engage in the lumber business, which he conducted on a large scale. He was a member of Parliament for Bytown, and also for the County of Russell. Several of the most important bills connected with the Ottawa Valley were drafted and passed through Parliament by him. He was a strong Conservative. During his parlia- mentary career he was offered the office of Commissioner of Crown Lands, but declined. Mr. Stewart was one of the sturdy pioneers of the first half of this century. Notwith- standing the odds against him, he succeeded in carving a commercial name which brought him wealth and influence. In Parliament, as in business, he did honor to all the interests he represented. He was married in 1838 to Catherine, daughter of the late Archibald Stewart, of Cuidrach, Isle of Skye, Scotland. His family consisted of five daughters and four sons.

. ST. ONGE CHAPLEAU, Otta- wa, Ont., was born at Syracuse, N.Y. He is the second son of the late Pierre Chap- leau, Esq., and was educated at Terrebonne College, Que. In 1861 he entered the regular army of the United States, and attained the rank of captain in the i6th Regiment of Infantry. When a lieutenant he was dis- tinguished for gallant services at the battles of Murfreesboro', Tenn., and Jonesboro', Ga., • for which the ranks of captain and major by brevet were conferred upon him. He was also at the battle of Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga. He was in command of the troops at Augusta, Ga., during the riot on the occasion of the first election of President Grant. He re- turned from the army in 1871. He was married to Caroline K., daughter of the late Lieutenant-Colonel Geo. W. Patten, U.S. Regular Army. Mr. Chapleau has one son, Samuel Jefferson, a civil engineer. Our sub- ject entered the civil service in September, 1873, resigned in 1880, and was appointed Sheriff of the N.W.T. in 1883, and Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, December 26th, 1887.

S. E. ST. ONGE CHAPLEAU.

MEN OP CANADA.

\

— . '-.

^r LEXANDER McMILLAN, Jew- X~\ eler, Ottawa, Ont., was born V«> July yth, 1855, at Addison, Steuben County, New York State, U.S.A. He is the son of Angus Mc- Millan and Harriet Quigley. The former was for some years engaged in the lumber business at Addison, N.Y., but in 1 86 1 removed with his family to Cumberland, Russell County, Ontario, where he was engaged in the same line of trade. Mr. McMillan received his education at the public schools of Cumberland, Ont. At the age of eighteen he left school, and went into lumbering operations in Cumberland.

After being engaged in this line for a time, he decided to learn the jewelry business, and spent the usual time in pursuit of a knowledge of the same. In 1880 he started business as jeweler on his own account in Ottawa, where he has met with good success, and his establishment is now a credit to the Capital city of the Dominion. He was married in 1886 to Miss Mary Murphy, daughter of John Murphy, Esq., a well- known resident of Buckingham. Que. His family consists of four children, three sons and one daughter. In reli- gion, Mr. McMillan is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

i6

MEN

CANADA.

AMUEL BINGHAM, J.P., contractor, Ottawa, was born May 1 3th, 1846, at Bytown (now Ottawa), Ont. He was educated at the common schools. At the age of thirteen, he started to learn the milling business, at which he remained two and a half years. He then followed the lumber business, but after seven years located in Ottawa, where, for four years, he was in the employ of the late J. M. Currier and James MacLaren. In 1873 he started contracting on timber driving on the Gatineau River, which he has since continued. In 1876, while crossing the Ottawa River in a canoe,

with a gale blowing, a passing steamer - caused the canoe to fill, but after being one hour and seven minutes in the water he was rescued. In 1880 he was elected alderman for Ottawa Ward, which seat he held eleven years, and was chairman of the Board of Works and of the Property Committee. "Bing- ham Bridge, "crossing the Rideau River, is called after him. He was nominated for Parliamentary honors in 1886, but declined. In religion Mr. Bingham is a Roman Catholic; in politics a staunch Reformer. In January, 1875, he mar- ried Ellen, daughter of the late George Brannigan, of Ottawa.

MBN on* CANADA.

HARLES FRANCIS WINTER, Ottawa, Ont., born at Montreal, February 3rd, 1863. Educated at public and grammar schools, Pres- cott, Ont. When fourteen, he won a special prize of $20.00, offered to local stu- dents. He was for a time in the Merchants Hank, Prescott, then purser on str. " Norseman " for two sea- sons, but, having a strong love for military life, enlisted at Bristol, England, in 1880, and joined the ist Battalion 7th Royal Fusiliers, at Pem- broke Dock, South Wales. After service at the Tower of London and Aldershot, he proceeded to Egypt in 1882, and took part in the second action of Kassassin and battle of Tel-el- Kebir, also at subsequent occupa- tion of Cairo, receiving the Imperial War Medal, • with clasp and Khedival Bronze Star. He returned to Can- ada and entered the Domin- ion Civil Service, Ottawa, in the Department of the Interior, and subsequently in that of Marine and Fisheries. On the outbreak of the Northwest Rebellion, 1885, he was made Color-Sergeant of the Sharp- shooters sent from Ottawa, receiving the Imperial War Medal with clasp, "Sas- katchewan." Later, he was promoted Lieutenant G. G. Foot Guards, then Captain and Adjutant, and is now Captain on the "Special List" at headquarters. He was secretary of the first conference of Fishery Inspec- tors, secretary of the British Columbia Salmon Fishery Commission, one of the Canadian staff in the preparation

of the British case in the Behring Sea dispute between Great Britain and the United States, receiving there- for the special thanks of the Gover- nor-General in Council. He was joint secretary of the Commission in 1893 to investigate the Customs tariff, and revise the duties on imports. In December, 1892, he was appointed private secretary to the Hon. J. F. Wood, Q.C., M.P., Comptroller of In- land Revenue, and is now acting in the capacity to Col. Hon. E. G. Prior, M.P. He was married July 2Oth, 1887. to Helen, daughter of John Wilkins, of Orangeville, Ont.

i8

MEN

CANADA.

UNCAN ROBERTSON, Manager of the Bank of Brit- ish North America, Ottawa, Ont., was born in Argyleshire, Scotland, January 28th, 1849. His father was Sheriff of Argyleshire for twenty-three years, and his mother was Mary Hart- ley, a native of County Cavan, Ireland. Mr. Robertson was educated at Edin- burgh Academy, where he was a prize- man in Classics and History ; and also at Edinburgh University. In 1868 he entered the Oriental Bank, London, Eng., but three years later joined the staff of the Bank of British North America, and came to Canada. He

was first stationed at Mont- real, and after a few months removed to Halifax, N.S. ; afterwards successively at Moncton, N.B., Fredericton, N.B., St. Stephen, N.B., and St. John, N.B., then back to Halifax, where he was ap- pointed accountant. After a time he became account- ant of the Hamilton, Ont, branch, and in 1883 was re- moved to Kingston, where he assumed the position of manager ; and the following year was transferred to Ot- tawa, as manager of that important branch, which position he has since held. Having occupied so many positions in connection with this bank, Mr. Robertson is well up in monetary affairs, and is a popular manager. He is also a prominent Free- mason, having filled the chair of Master of St. John's Lodge, Halifax, for three years ; also a Royal Arch Mason and Knight Templar, being an officer of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, in connection with the latter. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, but owing to the position which he holds has never taken any active part in poli- tical affairs. In religion he is a mem- ber of the Church of England, was at one time Warden of St. George's Cath- edral, Kingston, and for five years Warden of Christ Church, Ottawa. He is also President of the Ottawa Cricket Club, and a member of the Rideau Club. Mr. Robertson was married in 1873 to Miss Alice Boyer, daughter of Rev. Wm. Boyer, clergyman of the Church of England, Moncton, New Brunswick.

MSN OF CANADA.

'9

I . A. MAGNEIS-LOVEKIN, Editor of '^x^ the Free Press, Ottawa, was born Sep- tember, 1852, on the Island of Montserrat, West Indies, where his father was stationed as a medical practitioner. He was educated in Europe, at Canterbury and London, spend- ing some time in the study of French liter- ature, etc., at Louvain. In 1872 he was sent to Canada in connection with the G.T.R., but left that service for the pursuit of literary work. Was for a number of years associated with the Toronto Globe and Leader, remaining with the latter until untoward circumstances, political and otherwise, caused it to be sus- pended. He was then engaged for some time in literary work, and also in journalistic cir- cles, with the New York World, Star, and weeklies published in that city. He returned to Canada not long ago, and, until appointed to the editorial chair of the Free Press, by Mr. C. W. Mitchell, in 1894, was engaged in parliamentary, political, and miscellaneous writing in Montreal. Mr. Lovekin was mar- ried to Miss Helen Graham, of Peterboro,who died in 1892. He holds the degree of Mus. Hac.,and isanenthusiastic amateur musician.

L. A. MAGKNIS-I.OVF.K1N.

ALFRED UUCLOS DECELLES.

A LFRED DUCLOS DECELLES, Gen- >^ eral Librarian of Parliament, Ottawa, was born in August, 1842. He is a son ot Augustin D. and Sarah A. (Holmes) DeCelles, of Colebrooke, N.H., of French and New England descent, respectively. Mr. DeCelles was educated at Quebec Seminary and Laval University, where he studied law, and is a Doctor of Letters of that institution. He did not practise his profession, however, but entered journalism in 1867. During the Hon. H. Cauchon's absence in Europe, he was substitute editor of the Journal de Quebec, In 1872 he became connected with La Minerve, at that time the leading French paper of Montreal, and later was editor of L' Opinion Publique, a literary journal. He severed his connection with the press in 1880, when he was appointed Assistant Librarian of Parliament. On the death of the late Dr. Todd, he was appointed Joint Librarian of Parliament with Mr.Griffin. Mr. DeCelles is the author of several pamphlets, and of a History of the United States, which is about to be printed. In 1876 he was mar- ried to Marie Eugenie Dorion, of St. Ours, P.Q

CANADA.

MONSGR. CYPRIAN TANGUAY.

jyfONSGR. CYPRIAN TANGUAY, Pre- V® late to the Household of his Holi- ness Pope Leo XIII. , Hon. President of Council Heraldic of France, Professor and Doctor of Laval University, Quebec, attache to the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Member of the Royal Society of Canada, of Historical Society of Montreal and Missouri, U.S.A., LL.D., F.R.S.C.,was born Septem- ber I5th, 1819, at Quebec. He is a son of Peter Tanguay and Regina Barthell. His father was an extensive contractor in Quebec. Father Tanguay was educated at Quebec Seminary, and graduated in 1839 5 ordained priest in Quebec, May I4th, 1843. In 1865 he was appointed by the Government Statis- tician and Keeper of the Archives of the Dominion Government, and after thirty years retired to devote his time exclusively to the genealogy of the French-Canadians, a work complete in seven volumes, making one of the most valuable works of the kind ever published. Monsgr. Tanguay enjoys the pleasure of a wide circle of friends, and is a regular visitor at the Vatican, Rome, where he is entertained as one of the private household.

X^DWARD BOTTERELL, Chief of the "Vs> Distribution Office for both Houses of Parliament, was born at Kingston, Ont., May nth, 1834. His parents were Edward Botterell and Esther Brown, the former having served in the British army for twenty- four years. Mr. Botterell was educated at the district school, commercial academy, and the preparatory school of Queen's College. He was then in the dry goods business for four years, after which he made a tour of the United States, gaining much useful informa- tion. In 1856 he entered the Canadian Civil Service, Routine and Records Department, at Toronto, and from the start displayed such tact and aptness for Government work, etc., that he can claim to have reached the top of the ladder. He is a member of the I.O.F., and holds the position of Past Supreme Chief Ranger in the same. He was married at Watertown, N.Y., August igth, 1854, to Anne Eliza Osborne, who died April igth, 1882. He married again, October I4th, 1885, Mary Louisa Allen, daughter of Parker Allen, of Adolphustown, Ont. His family consists of seven children, five of whom are living.

EDWARD BOTTERELL.

MEN OK CANADA.

21

XAVIER VALADE, M.D., Ottawa, Ont., was born at Terrebonne, Cue., Sept. 5th, 1845. He is the son of Francois Xavier Valade and Marie Ephise Pre- vost. Dr. Valade received his early education under the tuition of his father, who was a professor and held the position of Inspector of Schools for the district of Montreal. When in his sixteenth year, he entered Vic- toria University to study medicine, was received into the medical frater- nity, and started practice in Ottawa in November, 1865, being then but twenty year? of age. He ha? since

remained in that city, where he has a very important practice. Dr. Valade has been president of the St. John Hap- tiste Society, and president of the Insti- tute Canadien Francais; member of the I.O.F.,C.M.B.A., Artisans', St. Joseph, St. Peter, and St. Antoine societies ; pub- lic analyst for the Federal Government, physician for the Catholic Hospital for fifteen years, also physician to His Grace the Archbishop of Ottawa. He has been married three times ; first to Georgina Armand, second to Marie Louise Pratt, and third to Mary Antoinette, daughter of Hon. Joseph Royal, late Lieut. -Gov- ernor of Assiniboia, NAV.T.

MEN OF CANADA.

JOHN FERGUSON, Ottawa, Ont, was born in Montreal, One., Sept. 25th, 1838. He is the son of James Ferguson and Annie Bain, natives of Scotland. The former, after coming to this country, was a machine manufacturer in Hochelaga, Que. Mr. Ferguson was educated in the public schools of Montreal, and when fifteen years of age started to learn the trade of mechanical engineer. After completing the same, he was em- ployed for some years by the firm of E. E. Gilbert & Co. In 1860 he re- moved to Ottawa, to take charge of the Ottawa River Navigation Co., as en-

gineer, which position he filled until 1867. He then entered the employ of Hon. James Skead, as engineer, with whom he remained three years, when he retired from this line of business, and established the first Opera House of note in Ottawa, which he still con- ducts in a manner creditable to the Capital. Mr. Ferguson is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and of St. An- drew's Society. In religion he is a Presbyterian. He was married in May, 1872, to Miss Catherine Heney, daugh- ter of John Heney and Eleanor Kirke, of Ottawa. His family consists of four children, two sons and two daughters.

MKN

CANADA.

Vl/ILLIAM STUART, contractor,

r \ Ottawa, Ont, was born Decem- ber 5th, 1853, at Montreal, Que. He is the son of William Stuart and Mary McQueen. The former came to Montreal from Dundee, Scotland, in 1852; and in 1860 removed to Ottawa, to fill a position as foreman on the west block of the Parliament Buildings, then in course of erection. He also con- tracted extensively on his own account until 1878, when he went into mica and phosphate mining, in which he still con- tinues. Mr. Stuart was educated in the public schools of Ottawa, and at twelve years of age was apprenticed to Jones, Haycock & Co., still, however, remaining at school during the winter season. At the age of twenty-one he left school entirely, alid joined his father in the trade of stone-mason, stone-cut- ting and brick-laying, com- mencing the exercise of his mechanical qualifications at the Parliament Buildings, Ottawa, with Jones, Hay- cock & Co. He worked as journeyman until 1878, when he undertook con- tracts on his own responsi- bility, and, in the meantime, was improving his education by a course in the art school. In his undertakings he has been most successful, having built the majority of the buildings of the experimen- tal farm, Ottawa, post office, Hull, Que., Devlin's Block, Ottawa, and is now engaged in building the Government Lazaretto for lepers at Tra- cadie, Gloucester County, N.B. Mr. Stuart is a mem- ber of St. Andrew's Society, and an ardent lover of

athletic exercises, taking especial in- terest in Canada's national game, hav- ing been captain of the famous Capital Lacrosse team when they won the championship of the world in 1893. In religion, he was brought up in the Presbyterian Church ; and in politics a staunch Conservative. He was married in 1878 to Rachel Hodgson, daughter of Joseph Hodgson and Elizabeth Awde, of Vaudreuil County, Que. His family consists of six children, five of whom are living ; the eldest son, William H. Stuart, being with his father at Tracadie, and the remaining children attending school.

MEN

CANADA.

THE CONVENT OF "THE JL SACRED HEART," Ottawa, was opened in 1849, the com- munity of Grey Nuns having begun their labors in By town in 1825. Free schools and arrangements for other pressing works did not permit the im- mediate opening of a select school for resident pupils ; and the steady devel- opment of this work is one of the inter- esting facts in the history of Ottawa. The attendance has always been large, and several thousand pupils have gone out from the sisters' care, well equipped to fill their places in society. The Reverend Sister Theresa (Hagan) has

been in charge throughout all these years, and enjoys a justly enviable re- putation as an educator. She has always been seconded by an able staff of teachers, composed of the sisters of the Order; lecturers and outside pro- fessors are also in co-operation with the sisters for special lines of study. The course of studies is complete in English and French, broad and system- atic, the methods modern and approved, while a post-graduate course is provided for those who wish to continue their studies in music, art, literature, and the languages. Elective studies are also permitted when students desire. The study of French constitutes a distinct department, the methods employed being largely conversational. Weekly lectures are given on Christian Doctrine by the chaplain ; mathematics are also taught with a view to practical results; natural sciences receive due atten- tion, and botanical outings in the spring term form pleasant tests of the lec- tures in this department. History and literature are also given strict attention, and frequent exercises in original literary work are required. The library con- tains the standard English and French works, as well as the leading literary journals, magazines, and reviews. The Convent chapel is pronounced by many to be the hand- somest in the Dominion, the architecture being of the most exquisite kind, which the limited space at command forbids describ- ing.

MEN

CANADA.

/S>HAS. EDWARD BLAKE ANDER- ^-^•ap SON, ex-Deputy of Insurance for the Dominion, Ottawa, was born November 171!), 1815. He hails from Golipie, Suther- laiulshire, Scotland. He was educated at Elgin Academy, Morayshire. At the age of 15 he went to London, and from thence to New York City, but came to Montreal in 1833, and engaged in mercantile business. In 1848 he entered the Canadian Government ser- vice. During his civil service career he held the position of Deputy Receiver-General, and was superannuated in July, 1886. He took part in the suppression of the rebellion of '37, having been an officer in Col. Prince's Incorporate Battalion. He is a member of the Bar, both of Ontario and Quebec, and a N. P. of Ontario. He is also a member of the I.O.O.F., Masonic Order, St. Andrew's, and various societies. In politics he is a Conservative, in religion an Episcopalian. He was married, June 8th, 1836, to Rose, daughter of the late Col. Wm. Elliott, bar- rister, of Sandwich, Ont. Mrs. Anderson died March loth, 1889. Mr. Anderson is now (1896) in his 8ist year, but hale and hearty.

CHAS. EDWARD BLAKE ANDERSON.

AI.D. THOMAS D1T I.ARJVIEKK PAYMENT.

7VLD. THOMAS DIT LARIVIERE Vs> PAYMENT, chemist and druggist, Ottawa, was born July 6th, 1863, at Manotick, Ont. His parents were Joseph G. and Vic- torine (Brule) Payment. He was educated at the school of his native village, after which, at the age of seventeen, he went west, as far as Dakota and California, on a tour of about two years, when he returned to Canada, and worked on his father's farm for about one year. After being in the railroading business for two years, he engaged in the drug busi- ness for one year. He then took a course at college, and graduated in 1892. He located in Ottawa the same year, and established himself at his present stand, where he has done a successful business. Mr. Payment is a member of the C.O.F., I.O.F., Artisans, and K. of L. He was elected alderman in 1895, with the largest majority ever polled in his ward, and stands high for legislative honors. In politics he is a Liberal, in reli- gion a Roman Catholic. He was married, November I7th, 1892, to Marie Louise, daughter of Edmund Chevrier, of Ottawa. His family consists of one daughter.

2J

MEN

CANADA.

LIEUT.-COL. THOMAS BACON.

TlEUT.-COL. THOMAS BACON, of the •^v® Quartermaster's General Branch of the Department of Militia and Defence, Ot- tawa, was born at Cambridge, Eng., in 1825, receiving his education at the " Perse " school in that town. In 1841 he was articled to his uncle, the well-known civil engineer, Sir \Vm. Cubitt. At the expiration of his articles he was assistant engineer on the rail- way between Croydon and Epsom, Surrey. His next engagement was on the G.N.Ry., after which he was engineer of the Hackney branches of the Eastern Counties Ry. In 1854 ne came to Canada, and was stationed at Cornwall, Ont., building the section of the G.T.R. from Lancaster to Morrisburg. Soon after the opening of the G.T.R. to Kingston, he was awarded the contract for the main- tenance of way bet ween Montreal and Aults- ville. He joined the Victoria Rifles of Mont- real as a private in 1861, was appointed adjutant in 1862, and left the corps in 1867 with the rank' of major. He saw active service in both Fenian raids. From 1878 until 1883 he notably distinguished himself in military matters.

jyfAJOR HORATIO ASPREY WICK- vs?> STEAD, Ottawa, Ont., was born July nth, i8n,at Camberwell, Surrey, Eng- land. His parents were Richard Wickstead and Elizabeth Tatlock. Major Wickstead was educated at Rochester, Kent Co., Eng- land. His business has always been along commercial lines. He was accountant in the Post Office Department from 1840 to 1887. He is also widely known in connection with the military affairs of Canada. He was First Lieutenant Quebec Volunteer Artillery, 1837, promoted Captain of Montreal Artillery, January 3Oth, 1846, and Major, Governor- General's Foot Guards, June igth, 1872. He is also a member of the Rideau Club, Ottawa, and of St. George's Club, London. In reli- gion he is a member of the Church of Eng- land, having held the office of warden of St. Alban's Church, Ottawa, for five years. Major Wickstead, though now a veteran, is hale and hearty, and looks back on a life of useful activity. May his days be yet prolonged ! July I7th, 1852, he was married to Caroline Elizabeth Condy, of England, who died November 2oth, 1880.

MAJOR HORATIO ASPREY WICKSTEAP.

MlCN OP CANAI3A.

®<7V\VID RANGER, Whole- J sale Merchant, Ottawa, Ont., was born Dec. 4th, 1849, at Rigaud, Que. When Mr. Ranger was two years of age, his parents removed to Papineauville, Cue., where he re- ceived his education in the public school, remaining there until he reached the age of eighteen. He then entered into lumbering operations, in the em- ploy of The E. B. Eddy Co. After working for several concerns for about eleven years, he started hotel life in St. Andre- Avcllin. One., in 1877, where he resided five years. He then re- moved to Lachute, where he carried on

a similar business for about one year. In 1882 he located in Ottawa, where he carried on hotel business and was lum- bermen's agent for seven years, after which he built the Palace Hotel, oppo- site C.P. R. station, of which he is still the owner. In 1892 he opened a wholesale wine and liquor business, and now there are but few larger in the city. Mr. Ranger is a member of the "Institut Canadien" and "Alliance Nationale." In politics he is a Liberal ; in religion a Roman Catholic. He was married in 1877 to Miss Clara Gau- thier, of Yaudreuil, Que., who died January 23rd, 1895.

MEN OF CANADA.

L> RED COOK, Canadian correspon- _ I dent of the London Times, and representative at Ottawa of a number of Canadian newspapers, was born at Leeds, England, July 4th, 1858. He was first engaged in mercantile life in Leeds. In 1882 he accepted a posi- tion on the Montreal Star, and, later, on the staff of the Toronto Mail, for which paper he was chief political reporter for four years. When the Empire was being organized, at the request of the late Sir John A. Mac- donald, Mr. Cook accepted the position of Ottawa representative of the new Government organ. He takes great

interest in educational and municipal affairs. Was a member of the Ottawa Public School Board for four years, alderman of the city for three years, and chairman of the Board of Health in 1894. Is also a member of the Masonic Order, Sons of England, Foresters, and other fraternal organ- izations. He was Junior Warden of the Grand Lodge of Canada, A.F. & A.M., in 1893-94, and is now first Vice- President of St. George's Society of Ottawa. He was married, in 1886, to Miss Louise Rea, eldest daughter of Wm. Rea, Esq., secretary of the Ottawa Public School Board.

MKN

CANADA.

JM. LAVOIE, of Ottawa, Ont, was born in Sherrington, Que., • Jan. 23rd, 1863. He is the son of the late Louis Lavoie and Lucie Desormeaux. He was educated at the Christian Brothers' School, Hull, which he attended only at a rather advanced age. He always showed marked ten- dencies to become a business man, and his prosperous future was predicted by his teacher in the commercial class. He is constantly found at his immense stores on Rideau St., where callers are sure to be met with a friendly smile on entering. Dealers from all over the country have had opportunity to test his shrewdness and praise his straightforwardness. Mr. Lavoie started in business life by learning the general dry goods trade with E. B. Eddy, with whom he re- mained two years. Later on he tried the cigar and tobacco business with Mr. J. N. Fortin, a prosperous citizen of Hull. After one year spent in this line he removed to Ontario, and with his small capital of $76, which he invested in the tobacco trade, opened a store in the city of Ottawa. It is to his credit to say that he is now at the head of one of the most success- ful industries in the Capital. Mr. Lavoie has been specu- lating of late in building operations in Montreal. He built and sold several valu- able terraces in that city, and was at the same time working, in company with a powerful partner, a sawmill on the Lievre River, and operating a sash and door factory in St. Henri of

Montreal. He was tendered municipal honors in this latter city, but declined, owing to business engagements. A highly sociable man, he has a host of friends. Mr. Lavoie also belongs to several hunting and fishing clubs, is a prominent, painstaking member of the I. O.K., the Artisans' Society, and the "Alliance Nationale." In religion he is a Roman Catholic, in politics a Liberal, and has done good work in different campaigns in Ottawa County. He was married Aug. 25th, 1885, to Marie Louise Anna, daughter of I). Fortier, of Wakefield, Que. His family consists of two daughters and one son.

OF CANADA.

LATE RODERICK RYAN, Ottawa, Out., was born in 1815 at Thomastown, County of Kil- kenny, Ireland. His family was one of the most respected in that historic por- tion of the Old Land, and left him the heritage of heroic virtues and a good name, which he kept intact, and has handed over to his family. Mr. Ryan came to Canada in 1831, and until his death was a resident of the Ottawa Valley. From his first arrival in this country he was interested in the lum- ber trade, in every department of it, and his skill, good judgment, and expe- rience were universally acknowledged.

f

He has seen that trade in its very in- fancy, and lived to see it grow to its present vast proportions. He has also witnessed the city of Ottawa grow from a village to the splendid and populous city it is to-day. He took a great in- terest in everything pertaining to the advancement of Ottawa, and in its sub- stantial improvement felt no small de- gree of pride. In 1840 Mr. Ryan was married to Cecilia, second daughter of the late James Judge, of Sligo, Ireland, who together with four daughters and one son survived him. Mr Ryan, al- though an exceedingly popular man, was not ambitious of public honors. In politics he was a Liberal, and on more than one occasion was offered the candidature for parliamentary honors for Ottawa. He was ardently attached to his native land, and to the end was enthu- siastic in the cause of Ire- land, so eloquently pleaded by Mr. Gladstone and Par- nell. He was in deed and in truth an upright man, and his life is a precious mem- ory to his family, and an example to the community in which he lived. In reli- gion Mr. Ryan was a mem- ber of the Roman Catholic Church. He died April 6th, 1888, at his residence, 213 Maria Street, Ottawa, very deeply regretted by a large circle of relatives and friends, who miss his kindly sym- pathy and aid. His funeral, which was conducted by the Reverend Fathers Whalen and Guillet, and the Rever- end Dr. Coffey, was very largely attended, and testi- fied to the esteem in which he was held.

MKN

CANADA.

JOHN O'REILLY, Inspector of Licen- ses for Ottawa, was born December 151!), 1834, at Bytown (now Ottawa), Ont. He was educated in the public schools, after- wards followed teaching for twenty years. He then conducted business in Bytown for nine years, when he was appointed to his present position, which he has since filled very creditably. He is a member, of St. Patrick and J. C. Temperance societies, also of St. Vincent de Paul Conference of Our Lady, of which he was president for fifteen years, was first president of the Junior St. Patrick Society, and has frequently declined nominations for municipal honors. In politics he is a Liberal, in religion a Roman Catho- lic. He was married February 7th, 1856, to Miss Catherine, daughter of the late James Devlin, of Ottawa. His family consists of four sons and three daughters living. Mr. O'Reilly has the honor of being the father of " Helen de Rideau," one of the most accom- plished vocalists in Canada. Miss O'Reilly has just returned from a nine years' course in Boston, U.S., England, Ireland, and Italy.

JOHN O'REILLY.

I'KTER STEWART.

*<pETER STEWART, Ottawa, Out., was born at New Edinburgh, Ont., Janu- ary, 1850. His father's name was Alexander Stewart, while his mother was Mary Ann Anderson, bothnativesof Aberdeen, Scotland. Mr. Stewart was educated at the public schools of Ottawa. Leaving the same when about thirteen years of age, he learned the painting business, in which line he has since continued. In 1883 he embarked in business for himself, and in 1890 removed to his pres- ent premises. He has now the pleasure of seeing the fruits of his constant attention to business, having succeeded in building up a very large connection, and is well known by the citizens as a reliable workman. Mr. Stewart is a member of the A.O.U.W., also of the Masonic fraternity. In religion he belongs to the Reformed Episcopal Church, in politics gives his support to the Conserva- tive party. Mr. Stewart was married in Ottawa, Ont., in July, 1874, to Miss Emma Bradburn of that city. His family consists of nine children, six of whom are now living, four daughters and two sons, the latter assisting their father in business.

CANADA.

TEKENCE M'GUIKE.

'ERENCE MCGUIRE, Ottawa, ont.,

was born February gth, 1846, in Aylmer, Que. He received his education at the public schools of Aylmer. At the age of eighteen he went into the lumbering busi- ness with Perley & Pattie, remaining with them about seventeen years. He then en- gaged with the E. B. Eddy Co., as manager of their business on the Madawaska, holding this position for seven years, when the com- pany gave up this branch. Mr. McGuire then formed a company under the title of T. McGuire & Co., and bought the business, shortly afterwards selling out to the other members of the firm. He has since devoted his time to the municipal affairs of Ottawa, having been alderman for four years, chairman of various committees, and a member of the School Board. He has always been associ- ated with athletic sports, and has the honor of being the organizer and president of the famous " Young Capitals." In politics he is a staunch Liberal, in religion a Roman Catholic. Mr. McGuire married, July 6th, 1869, Bedelia, daughter of Martin Garvey, of Quyon, Que.

. THOMAS LOUIS BROWN, Ot- tawa, was born in Quebec, August 8th, 1852. His father, John Brown, was grandson of James Brown, one of the pioneer linen manufacturers in North Ireland. His mother, Eliza Walsh, is a descendant of a Huguenot family. Our subject was edu- cated at the Ottawa Grammar School. He then served an apprenticeship to the drug business, after which he entered the employ of R. G. Dun & Co. In 1876 he entered McGill University, graduating M.D., C.M., in 1881.. For one year he was surgeon on the Allan Line of steamers, but afterwards practised in Melbourne, Que., where, on leaving for Ottawa, in August, 1896, he was tendered a banquet by the citizens. Dr. Brown is Captain and Adjutant of the 54th Battalion, Richmond, and on the executive of the Dominion League and P.Q.R.A. He has also been District Deputy Master of the Masonic Order; President of the Richmond County Conservative Association, etc. In religion an Episcopalian. He was married in May, 1882, to Adeline E., daughter of John Heney, Esq., of Ottawa.

DR. THOMAS LOUIS BROWN.

MEN

CANAIJA.

ICHOLAS CHARLES SPARKS, Secretary-Treas- urer of the Journal Printing Company, Ottawa, Ont., was born April 1 2th, 1869, in that city. His father was Nicholas Sparks, Jr., while his mother's maiden name was Caroline Blaisdell, of Ottawa. Nicholas Sparks, Sr., the grandfather of our subject, was one of the founders of the city of Ottawa, the Parliament Buildings and the busi- ness portion of Ottawa being built upon the "Sparks Farm." From him, also, Ottawa's business thoroughfare is named Sparks Street. Mr. Sparks was educated at the Model School and Collegiate In-

stitute, Ottawa ; also attended Toronto University. He then passed three years as student-at-law in Ottawa and To- ronto. In 1893 he located in Ottawa, having left the study of law to assume the secretaryship of the Journal Printing Co., publishers of the Evening Journal, in which direction his taste more ex- pressly ran. This responsible position he has since retained. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. He was married April 7th, 1891, to Miss Lillian F. Woodburn, daughter of A. S. Woodburn, Esq., of Ottawa. His family consists of one son and two daughters.

34

CANADA.

A /| AJOR DONALD CAMERON JJVI FORSTER BLISS, com- ^^ manding the 2nd Field Bat- tery, Canadian Artillery, Ottawa, Ont, was born October 27th, 1861, at Spring- field, N.B. He is a son of the late Rev. Charles Parke Bliss, M.A., rector of Sussex, N.B., and Dorothy Ann Forster. Major Bliss was educated by private tuition and at the University of Ottawa. He was appointed to the Civil Service of Canada (Dept. of Indian Affairs) on April ist, 1882 ; transferred by deserved promotion to the office of the Privy Council in 1887, and to the military branch of the Department of Militia and

Defence, July ist, 1889. He served in the ranks of the Permanent Force and Active Militia from 1877 to 1882. Commissioned as second lieutenantinthe Ottawa Field Battery, February 3rd, 1882; lieutenant, April i3th, 1883; captain, January 8th, 1886; and major commanding, May 23rd, 1894. He served as second lieutenant, "F" Com- pany, Midland Provisional Battalion, dur- ing the Northwest Rebellion of 1885. Major Bliss was married May 4th, 1886, to Bertha Frances Augustine, youngest daughter of the Honorable John Cos- tigan, M.P., Minister of Marine and Fisheries.

MKN op CANADA.

J5

IK LATE JOHN JAMES this sketch was educated in the schools

McDONALD, one of the foremost of Fit/roy and Hamilton, Ont Very

and best known of the railway early in his busy life he entered into

contractors of Canada, was born in partnership as a public contractor with

Glengarry in 1836. His father, the his uncle, the late Alexander McDonell,

late John McDonald, was of U.K. Loy- of Hamilton. They built a large por-

alist origin, the family abandoning, at tion of the Great Western Railway,

the outbreak of the American Revolu- and subsequently sections 5, 3, 6, and

tion, a fine property near Rochester to 9 of the Intercolonial. Mr. McDonald,

make their home in Canada. His mother was Christina McDonell, daugh- ter of Angus Roy McDonell, one of the pioneer lumbermen of the Ottawa. Thus it will be seen in Mr. McDonald were united the two branches of the great Scottish clan. The subject of

in partnership with Messrs. Manning & McLaren, also built the famous Section "B" of the C.P.R., the first being the managing partner. With Messrs. Rior- dan and Boswell he undertook, a few years ago, the construction of the Temiscouata Railway, extending from Riviere du Loup, Que., to Kdmondston, New Bruns- wick, of which he was Presi- dent when he died in Mont- real, February I2th, 1893. Mr. McDonald was twice married ; first to Harriet, daughter of the late Francis O'Dea, of Toronto, and sub- sequently to Cecilia, third daughter of the late Rod- erick Ryan, of Ottawa. There was issue one son of the first marriage, Frank, who has since passed away. In politics Mr. McDonald was a staunch Conservative, and in religion a strict and sincere Roman Catholic. He was a man of iron will and indomitable energy, yet kind-hearted and generous to a fault. He inspired the greatest respect and confidence in all who knew him. His word was as good as his bond, and his life, both public and private, was unimpeachable. Not many men had more friends and fewer enemies than John J. McDonald.

MEN

CANADA.

HECTOR MAC- LEAN, B.A., Ottawa, was born June i8th, 1865, at King, in the county of York, Ont., where his father, the Rev. Hector Mac- lean, was then stationed. His grand- father, Donald Maclean, of Creich, in the Island of Mull, and a son of a Mac- lean of Duart, on leaving Scotland settled at Lochaber, Que., about twenty- five miles from Ottawa. His maternal grandfather was James Frith, a Lon- doner, and one of the well-known family of painters of that name, who had taken up land at Riceville, on the Ontario side of the river. When quite young, Mr. Maclean came with his par- ents to Ottawa. Here he was educated at the public schools and Collegiate In- stitute. When about seven- teen years of age he was apprenticed to the machinist trade. After serving his time, however, he decided to become a professional man. He prepared for the Univer- sity at Woodstock College, matriculating into Toronto University in 1886, and after taking an honor course in modern languages and meta- physics graduated in 1890. He entered the Law Society immediately, and was called to the Bar in 1893, since which time he has practised in Ottawa, where he is be- coming widely and favor- ably known. With a great desire to see the world, and but limited means, in the summer of 1890 he satisfied this longing by making a sort of tramp-trip during three months to the old country, working his pas- sage across the Atlantic and

back, and, while on the other side, travelled some 800 miles on a bicycle in England, Scotland, and France. He smilingly boasts to-day that the cost of his trip was only $150, outside of his wheel. The following summer he again visited Europe, as he also did in 1894. In politics, Mr. Mac- lean is a staunch and active Liberal, is a member of the Reform Club, and also a member of the Executive Com- mittee of the Young Liberal Associa- tion of Ottawa. He has been solicited many times to stand for municipal honors in his district, Hintonburg, a suburb of the city of Ottawa.

MKN OP CANADA.

37

HENRY HELLIN CARTER.

BELLIN-CARTER, Artist, Ottawa, Ont., was born Nov. 27th, 1863, in London, England. He is the son of Henry Bellin-Garter and Augusta Bellin, daughter of an English artist. His father was an officer in the British army. Mr. Bellin-Carter was educated at Eton College and Cambridge University, also at Heidel- berg, Germany, where he studied art, and completed his course in Paris, France, in 1885. The following year he came to Canada, locating in Montreal, Que., where for seven years he followed his chosen profession with marked success, becoming well known to the general public, as well as to the leading artists of Canada, as a painter of no mean merit. He then removed to Ottawa, where he has since resided. Among his noted paintings may be mentioned the portraits of Lord Mount- Stephen, Sir Donald A. Smith, Sir James Grant, and Hon. Honore Mercier, late Premier of the Province of Quebec. In religion he is a member of the Church of England, in poli- tics a Conservative. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and was married in 1891.

JOHN M. GARLAND, wholesale dry goods merchant, Ottawa, was born May 7th, 1836, in Carleton County, Ont. Mr. Garland was educated at the public schools near Ottawa. When twelve years of age he went to Caledonia, where he spent four years in a drug store, and afterwards some time in a general store. At nineteen, in partnership with Mr. Jas. Bell, he opened a general store there, which they conducted for ten years. In 1865 he removed to Ottawa, opening a retail dry goods business under the name of Garland, M utchmor & Co., which continued until 1876. Mr. Garland then started his present opera- tions and, by a careful and industrious management, now enjoys one of the largest wholesale dry goods trades in that part of the country. In religion he is a Presbyterian, holding the office of elder ; in politics a staunch Conservative. He has also been president of the Ottawa Board of Trade. Mr. Garland was married Feb. 2oth to Miss Isabella McKinnon, of Caledonia. His family consists of two daughters and one son living, the latter being in business with his father.

JOHN M. GARLAND.

MEN

CANAI3A.

E. BROWN, wholesale mer- chant, Ottawa, was born July 4th, 1850, at Markham, Ont. At the age of thir- teen he entered the employ of F. G. Crosbie, boot and shoe merchant, remaining five years. He then attended the Commercial College, Ottawa, for one year, after which he was with Mr. W. A. Lamb, Ottawa, until 1872. He then entered partnership with his employer under the name of W. E. Brown & Co. In 1874 he purchased C. N. Lindsay's stock on Sussex street, and in 1886 removed to his present premises on Rideau street. His energy and ability have built up a business second to none in Central Canada. He is a prominent member of the I.O.F., S.O.S., A.O.U.W., and Protestant Benevolent Society. He has also been alderman of Ottawa for four successive years, chairman of the finance, manufacturing and other com- mittees, and in 1886 and 1887 unsuccessfully contested the mayoralty. In politics he is a staunch Liberal, in religion a Methodist. Mr. Brown was married in 1875 to Miss Maggie Morgan, who died in 1886, and in 1890 to Miss A. A. Baker, of "\Yales, Ont.

WILLIAM E. BROWN.

SAMUEL ROGERS.

LATE SAMUEL ROGERS, Ot- tawa, Ont., was born at East Charleton, Devon, England, December 28th, 1828. He was educated in his native county, where he learned the cabinetmakingbusiness. He came to Canada in 1850, returned to England in 1859, and finally settled in Ottawa in 1863, where he built up one of the largest under- taking establishments in Canada. Mr. Rogers was a man whom to know was to admire and respect, of the most upright character and of the strictest integrity. He was prominent in Masonic circles, having been D.D.G.M. of the Ottawa district; twice W.M. of Dalhousie Lodge, and W.M. of Prince of Wales Lodge. He was also a prom- inent member of St. George's Society, I.O. O.F., and Foresters. He was always charit- ably inclined, and his daily life showed his unbounded benevolence. In politics he was a staunch Conservative, in religion an Epis- copalian. He married, in 1855, Elizabeth Maynard. His family consists of one daugh- ter and two sons. His son and partner, Capt. Maynard Rogers, succeeded him in his business.

MEN or CANADA

JOHN TAYLOR, Manager of the " Father Murphy Gold Cure Institute," Ottawa, was born November i;th, 1833, in Port Glasgow, Scotland. He is a son of Captain John Taylor, R.N., and Elizabeth Morrison. Mr. Taylor received a good education in Forfarshire, Scotland. In 1853 he came to Montreal ; five years later en- gaging in business at Lachute, Que., where he continued for several years. He then removed to the United States, embarking in lumber operations. After a short time he returned to Montreal, and was appointed official assignee for that city. About this time he was also

nominated to represent the County of Argenteuil in the Local Legislature, but declined. He subsequently carried on a wholesale business in Montreal, in hats, furs, etc. In March, 1893, he started the Ottawa branch of the Mur- phy Gold Cure, where he has had good success. 500 cases of the most chronic and malignant type have been treated so successfully that at least 95 per cent, of them are to-day vigorous, sober men, while only one patient died while there, and this through no fault of the treat- ment received, as was clearly demon- strated by the investigations which were made at the time.

4o

CANADA.

7C UGUSTUS POWER, B.C.L., ^A Q.C., Chief Clerk Department V«> of Justice, Ottawa, was born at Quebec in December, 1847. He is the youngest son of the late Hon. Mr. Justice Power and Suzanne Aubert de Gaspe, daughter of late Philippe Aubert de Gasp£. Mr. Power was educated at St. Mary's College, Montreal, graduated in law at McGill, and was called to the Bar in July, 1869. He then practised in Montreal, in partnership with the late Bernard Devlin, and subsequently alone, until December, 1874, when he entered the Department of Justice, to do the legal work connected with the final re-

demption of the rents representing the Seigniorial indemnity. He became chief clerk in the Department, January ist, 1879, and has since frequently acted as Deputy Minister. The subjects par- ticularly assigned to Mr. Power, besides Quebec law, are matters connected with the exercise of the prerogative of clem- ency, extradition, and other matters re- lating to treaties, etc., etc. Mr. Power married in October, 1885, Laleah, daughter of the Rev. Edmund A. Craw- ley, D.D., of Wolfville, Nova Scotia, and relict of the late Seymour Tobin, R.N. His family consists of two chil- dren, one son and one daughter.

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CANADA.

J^fARTIN BATTLE, collector of Inland v*> Revenue for the Ottawa Division, was born in Ireland in 1828, and came to this country with his parents in 1836. The stirring scenes of the rebellion of '37 are vividly impressed upon his memory. The first years of Mr. Battle's life in Canada were spent at the Ancient Capital, as ship chandler and grocer, until 1856, when he removed to St. Catharines, Ont., and en- tered the employ of Louis Chiluna, the great shipbuilder. In 1859 he entered the Govern- ment service. In 1860 he was given charge of the supplies in connection with the visit of H.R.H. Prince of Wales; and in 1861 de- puted to travel with H.R.H. Duke of Edin- burgh on behalt of the Canadian Government, while the royal visitor was a guest of this country. In 1873 he was appointed to his present position, for which he is admirably qualified. He is a staunch friend of Ireland, a member of St. Patrick's Literary Association, and wastreasurer of the Irish National League of Ottawa during the memorable period of the Parnell and London Times case. Mr. Battle is a genial, whole-souled gentleman.

WII.UAM COWAN, J.P.

MARTIN BATTLE.

COWAN, J.P., and County Treasurer, of Carleton, Ont., was born in County Leitrim, Ireland, Dec. I7th, 1825. He is the eldest son of Patrick and Ann Cowan, of Celtic and Norman descent re- spectively. Mr. Cowan received his education and a teacher's certificate at the National schools, parish of Kilturbrid. In 1845 he came to Canada, and secured a good position in North Gower, where he remained five years. He soon afterwards accepted the position of Clerk of Division Court for North Gower and Marlboro', which he retained for 21 years. He then resigned and removed to Ottawa, where he has since taken a leading part in municipal affairs. He was elected eight times in succession township councillor, and five years reeve. In 1870 he became county clerk, and in February, 1873, was ap- pointed to his present position. Mr. Cowan is really a self-made man, and is a most reli- able and efficient public officer. In religion he is an Episcopalian. In 1850 he married Catharine, daughter of Captain McCrea, of Montague, who was an officer in the war of 1812-15.

CANADA.

THOMAS FULLER.

THOMAS FULLER, chief Architect of

the Department of Public Works, Ottawa, was born, in 1823, at Bath, Eng., where he was educated. On leaving school he was articled to an architect in Bath, and afterwards studied in London. His first work was the design for a cathedral, which was erected under his superintendence in Antigua, West Indies. He afterwards prac- tised successfully at Bath and Bristol., Eng., for some years, also in Wales, and came to Toronto in 1857, entering into partnership with Mr. C. Jones. In 1859, in competition for the Government Buildings and Gover- nor's residence, at Ottawa, their design was adopted, and Mr. Fuller removed to Ottawa. In 1867, in competition for the new Capitol at Albany, while in partnership with Mr. A. Laver, their design was accepted. Subse- quently they were the architects for the new City Hall and Law Courts at San Francisco, Cal. He then resided in Albany, N.Y., until 1881, when he returned to Ottawa to fill his present position. In 1853 Mr. Fuller was married to a daughter of W. Greene, J.P., of Bath, Eng.

"MAPOLEON CHAMPAGNE, of the

*-^ Post Office Department, Ottawa, was born in that city in 1861. He was edu- cated at the Christian Brothers' Ottawa Primary School, and afterwards studied pri- vately. He was also a student-at-law, and passed his examination at Laval. He has strong literary tastes, and was for a time writer on La Minerve, Montreal, and con- tributed many interesting articles to the press. He was President of St. Jean Bap- tiste Society from 1892-95, also of St. Peter's Society in 1892, and is now Vice-President of the Artisans'. In politics he is a Con- servative, and is a likely candidate for Par- liamentary honors in the near future. Mr. Champagne has represented Ottawa Ward in the City Council for four consecutive years, was also an able Separate School Trustee for several years, and, as such, insti- tuted sound reform, and showed himself a valuable man at the Board. He also ranks high as a debater, is Chairman of the Board of Works, and has a complete grasp of the civic machinery. He speaks both languages fluently. In religion he is a Roman Catholic.

NAPOLEON CHAMPAGNE

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VTtXlLLIAM STUART TAG- VV GART, artist, Ottawa, was born, in 1859, in Stouffville, Ont. He is a son of Rev. Charles Taggart, superannuated Methodist min- ister, now living at Ottawa, and Helen McNab Hilton. The former was, in his day, one of the best known clergymen of his denomination in Canada. Mr. Stuart Taggart was educated at the public and high schools. At an early age he showed a strong talent for painting, and commenced the study of this art under Windeat, the famous English artist. The original " Caught in the Act" he produced in 1889, the

conception of which was brought about by a conversation among his own children. He is also the painter of the portrait of the late James A. Garfield, which received a hearty reception in the United States in 1883, and that of the Hon. C. F. Fraser, for the Catholic Literary Association of Brockville in 1886. In 1891 he prdduced a striking portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald, and in 1895 tnat °f Sir John Thompson. Mr. Taggart was married, in 1882, to Miss Annie Belle Adams, of Belleville, Ont. In the fall of 1894 Mr. Taggart located in Ottawa. He is one of the best known artists in the province.

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MEN

CANADA.

r"

JOHN HENEY, retired gentle- man, Ottawa, Ont, was born Nov. 24th, 1815, in County Tyrone, Ireland. His father was John Heney, a native of that county. Mr. Heney attended the public schools in Ireland for two months only, but by observation and private study has be- come a well-informed man. He came to Canada in 1832, settling at Bytown (now Ottawa). Having learned the trade of shoemaking in Ireland, he opened business in a small way in this line in Ottawa, which he followed for about thirty years. By close attention to his business, he succeeded in accu-

mulating a large amount of property, and became one of the well-known real estate owners of Ottawa. In 1862 he gave up his mercantile business in order to look after his then rapidly-increasing wealth, to which he has since devoted his time. In religion, Mr. Heney is a member of the Church of England. He also belongs to the Masonic fra- ternity. He was married to Eleanor Kirk, daughter of Thomas Kirk, Esq. He has had a family of eleven children, six of whom survive, five daughters and one son. The latter, Frederick A. Heney, now takes the responsibility of looking after his father's large estate.

MEN OF CANADA.

45

THE LATE JAMES MACLAREN, -*- Buckingham, Que., was born March igth, 1818, in Glasgow, Scotland. His parents were David and Elizabeth (Barnet) MacLaren. He came to this country with his parents when quite young, settling in Torbol- ton, Ont. Mr. MacLaren was essen- tially a self-made man, his education being chiefly in the school of experience. After working on his father's farm for some years, he went into storekeeping, and afterwards into milling and lumber- ing, at Wakefield, Que. He was also for a time engaged in railroad building. In the fall of 1864 he removed to Buck- ingham to take charge of a large lumbering business, in which he was personally largely interested. Here he remained until his death, and the business, through his care and prudence, reached its present gigantic proportions. He was also a leading member of several other large lumber firms in various parts of the Domin- ion. It may also be said that the town of Bucking- ham owes its prosperity to our subject. He was presi- dent of the Bank of Ottawa from 1874 until his death, and his sound judgment was largely instrumental in placing this institution on its present solid foundation. His features on bills of the bank in circulation still seem to the holder a guarantee of financial strength. In busi- ness life he was fair-minded, industrious, and methodical, while in private he was known for his kindly dis- position. In religion he was a prominent Presby-

terian; in politics favored the Liberal party. January I3th, 1848, he married Miss Ann Sully, of Hull, Quebec, who, together with five sons and two daughters, survived him. His death occurred at Buckingham, February loth, 1892, and the deep and almost reverential regard in which his memory is held by his family and friends is the best epitaph that he could have. His memorial sermon was preached in St. Andrew's Church, Buckingham, by Rev. Chas. A. Doudiet, and was most touching in its character, bearing a high tribute to the great man who had fallen.

MEN

CANADA.

IV/TATTHEW MACDOUGALL

jLVI PIKE, merchant, Ottawa, ^^ Ont., was born at Brockville, Ont., Sept. 25th, 1850, being the son of James and Margaret Macdougall Pyke, his parents being still alive (1896). He received his education at the Victoria public school, Brockville, but may be considered a self-made man, having entered commercial life at the age of nine years. Now he conducts one of the largest concerns in his line of busi- ness in the Capital, where he is highly esteemed in all the walks of life, and appreciated in every circle in which he moves. Repeatedly he has been asked

to run for municipal honors, but with one exception, in 1880, he has declined. When the great Ottawa winter carnival of 1895 was in its incipient stages, and when disaster stared the promoters in the face, owing to the insufficiency of funds, Mr. Pike was asked to be chair- man of the finance committee. With the material interests of the city close at heart he patriotically accepted the post, and amid untold struggles he surmounted all obstacles and carried the scheme through with indomit- able courage, despite bitter opposition, and made the carnival a triumphant success, earning for himself through the local press and the people the proud distinction of hav- ing been the direct practical means of that success, and was christened "King of the Carnival." Mr. Pike is now in the prime of his man- hood, and has reason to feel gratified at the success he has achieved at this early stage of his history. From the beginning of his career until now his progress has resulted from downright en- ergy, perseverance, and de- termination to succeed. His motto has always been, "All things come to him who works," and the position he holds to-day shows how surely he has not toiled in vain. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I.O.O.F., also the Foresters. In religion he is a Metho- dist, and interested in all moral reform work. He married, September 25th, 1872, Olive Maria Bates, daughter of Jas. and Sarah (Munson) Bates. Mrs. Pike died May 29th, 1895.

QUEBEC

i ,

J. M. LE MOINE

enthroned on the lofty promontory which separates the River St. Lawrence from the St. Charles, latitude 46" 48' 30", longitude 71° if, stands the city of Quebec. It was founded on the 3rd of July, 1608, by Samuel de Champlain, a native of Brouage, in Sain- tonge, France. Its site had been visited by Europeans long before this period, notably i° X535» by Jacques Cartier, an enterprising St. Malo mariner, who ascended the St. Lawrence and cast anchor on the 6th of Sep- tember at the foot of Cape Diamond. As yet, all was a nameless barbarism, and a cluster of wigwams held the site of the rock- built city of Quebec. Cartier, on the i4th September, 1535, ascended the river with one of his ships, and landed at a great Indian town 180 miles beyond, now the commercial metropolis, Montreal, and returning later on to Stadacona, where he spent the winter. The wintering of the venturesome Jacques Cartier on this spot in 1535, and by its re- moteness, is an incident of interest not only to Canadians, but also to every denizen of North America. It takes one back to an era nearly coeval with the discovery of the continent by Columbus, much anterior to the foundation of Jamestown in 1607 ; an- terior to that of St. Augustine in Florida, Quebec has then a right to call herself a very old American city. No city on this conti- nent is more famous in the annals of history than Quebec, and few on the continent of Europe more picturesquely located. Here hotly contested sieges, memorable battle- fields, historical monuments, old monas- teries, vast and hoary educational institu- tions, commend her to the attention of the

47

tourist and the meditation of the historian, as well as to the inspiration of the poet. " Apart from the scenery of this most pictur- esque city, there are associations clustering about it which would make a desert rich in interest. The lofty precipice, along whose rocky front Wolfe and his brave companions climbed to glory ; the Plains of Abraham, where he received his mortal wound ; the fortress so chivalrously defended by Mont- calm ; and his soldier's grave, dug for him, when yet alive, by the bursting of a shell, are not the least among them, or among the gallant incidents of history. The Wolfe and Montcalm shaft, in Governor's Garden, is a noble monument, too, and worthy of two great nations, which perpetuates the memory of both brave generals, and on which their names are jointly written." Thirst for gold had brought out the avaricious early Euro- pean explorers ; little of the precious metal was found, but a lucrative trade sprung up in peltries. The fur trade soon became the absorbing attraction to the French, and for more than a century it yielded a golden return. Quebec, at first a trading post, a mart of commerce, and a religious centre, had soon to be transformed into an armed fort ; a stronghold to shelter the sparse traders, settlers, and explorers against Indian inroads and Indian treachery. Its com- manding position pointed it out as the key to the upper St. Lawrence ; it became the bul- wark of French dominion on the continent ; it was indispensable to the expansion and consolidation of French power in this New France ; the fulcrum which supported the grand but unsecure pageant on its eastern outlet, whilst New Orleans was to do a simi-

MEN

CANADA.

lar duty on its western outlet, the whole in- tervening space to be studded with a chain of French forts, to effectually exclude the English and confine them to the Atlantic seaboard. Such the fond dream of the am- bitious Cardinal de Richelieu, Prime Minis- ter to Louis XIII. ; such the resplendent vista conceived by the Grand Monarque, Louis XIV. Later on the gorgeous fabric collapsed one murky September morning on Abraham's Heights. For a century and more the history of Quebec was the history of Canada. During nearly all Champlain's career at Quebec, the colony was in a chronic state of warfare with the Iroquois Indians, who kept the sparse settlements in a painful state of alarm for nearly a century. In 1608 Champlain began the erection of a residence of the " Abitation " and warehouses in the Lower Town, and in 1620 he set to raising Fort St. Louis on the cape above. 1608-1635. — The leading events which oc- curred during the intervening twenty-seven years were a succession of conflicts with the aborigines, the explorations by Champlain of the western section of Canada, now con- stituting the Province of Ontario. In 1625 the Jesuit Fathers arrived, obtained land grants on the shores of the St. Charles, near Hare Point, where, in 1827, their settlement took the name of Ferme des Anges. The poorly armed and insufficiently provisioned fort, on the appearance in port of an English fleet, commanded by Captain David Kirke, had to surrender on the I7th July, 1629, when Champlain and several of his followers had sorrowfully to abandon the colony. The French families who chose to remain were tendered protection. Champlain and some of the friars and inhabitants took passage for England in one of the English ships. On July 2oth, 1629, the British ensign was hoisted on the bastion of the fort, amidst the roar of artillery of the British men-of- war and of the fort. Christmas day, 1635, closed the career of the brave found- er of Quebec, two years after resuming

his sway over his cherished foundation. 1635-1663. — This might be styled the era of religious foundations, missionary labor, and suffering. The Ursuline and Hotel- Dieu convents date of 1639. A stream of colonists settled at Quebec, Three Rivers, Montreal, about 1660, from Normandy, Brittany le Pays d'Aunts, Perche, Isle de France, etc. An appalling earthquake took place in 1663 ; shocks during five months, from February to August. That year a Royal Government was substituted by the French King to the charter of private com- panies.

1663-1713. — This period was a fruitful one for progress. Louis the Great sent out some very able officials (Intendants Talon, Hcocquart, Randot) charged with the ad- ministration of justice, police, finance, marine, an important office. A bishopric was created in October, 1674. The first titular was the scholarly, progressive, but rather absolute, Monseigneur Laval Abbe de Montigny, and connected with the French ducal house of Montmorency. The King also created in 1663 a Council of State, pre- sided over by the Governor, and comprising the Bishop, the Intendant, Attorney-General, a clerk, and five councillors, styled the Sovereign Council.

1713-1759. — A long peace characterized this period of Quebec annals ; an important event occurred in 1713, the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht, which ceded the Hudson Bay Territory, Newfoundland, and Acadia (Nova Scotia) to Britain, France retaining Canada. The town breathed in peace. Dur- ing the year 1717 the town was provided with a Court of Vice-Admiralty. Mourning had to be put on at the end of the year, the news of the death of the French King having been wafted across the Atlantic. The popu- lation of the city was then 7,000, that of Montreal 3,000. A brisk trade had sprung up with the West Indies in sugar, rum, coffee, and molasses.

I759-I775- — The fate of one-half of the con-

MEN OP CANADA.

tinent was decided at Quebec on the morn- ing of September I3th, 1759. The remains of the conquering British hero Wolfe were conveyed to England ; those of his chivalrous rival rest in the vault of the Ursuline chapel. De Ramsay's capitulation, September i8th,

1759, brought about a momentous change for Quebec. Quarters had to be provided for the English forces, 7,313 men. The municipal government had to be looked after: military tribunals were organ i/ed ; General James Murray became first Gover- nor of Quebec. After spending there eight dreary months, a prey to smallpox, dysen- tery, and other ailments, his army, much diminished by death, was again summoned to face the enemy, led by de Levis, April 28th,

1760, and suffered defeat. The Military Regime, as it was styled, lasted until 1764. On June 3ist of that year the first number of the Quebec Gazette was issued, printed in English and in French, by Brown £ Gil- more. The Quebec Daily Mercury was founded by Thos. Gary, January 5th, 1805 ; Le Canadien, November 22nd, 1806; the Quebec Star, December 5th, 1829 : Quebec Morning Chronicle, May i8th, 1847. Gover- nor Murray was succeeded in 1766 by Guy Carleton. In 1774, with the object of con- ciliating the French population of the colony, the Imperial Parliament passed what is known as the Quebec Act of 1774, which restored the use of the French language and French laws as to real estate ; it was considered as the charter of Roman Catho- lic freedom. In November, 1775, Brigadier- General Richard Montgomery and Col. B. Arnold invaded Canada from the New Eng- land provinces, but were routed, and 427 of Arnold's men surrendered as prisoners of war, and General Montgomery and thirteen of his followers met their death at Pres-de- Ville, on the shores of the St. Lawrence.

December I7th, 1792, the first Parlia- ment opened by Lieutenant - Governor Alured Clarke met in the apartments of the Roman Catholic Bishop's Palace, then

occupying the site where, in 1834, was built the first House of Assembly. The

newly-fledged legislators, its inmates under the constitution, drafted by William Pitt, dividing Canada into two provinces in 1791, exhibit on their honored roll many historic names among both elements of th»: popula- tion : De Salab^rry, Panel, Taschereati, Duniere, Duchesnay, de Tonnancour, de Kouville. tie Rocheblave, de Lotbiniere, de Bonne, Joseph Papincau, father of the famous Louis Joseph : David Lynd, John Richardson, James Walker, James McGill. Thomas Coffin, John Lees, William Grant, Robert Lester, etc.

The closing years of the century were agitated by the news of the extraordinary success of French arms in Europe, Napo- leon's war bulletins reaching from time to time the "Ancient Capital" wildly raising the hopes of the French inhabitants, though never to the verge of disloyalty to their English masters. The capital of Lower Canada, where its turbulent, restless Parlia- ment met each year, acquired additional importance; the closing of Continental ports to England by the French Emperor, espe- cially those of the Baltic Sea, had a most beneficial effect on Quebec. In 1808 it brought to the city hundreds of English ships in quest of the wealth of our forests, our square timber, pine and spruce deals, and masts for the British navy. Thus origi- nated our lucrative timber trade, the imme- diate successor to the traffic in peltries. It lasted more than half a century ; British mer- chantmen of large tonnage crowded our port, the annual arrivals from sea reaching some seasons to 1,350 square-rigged ships. Can- adian ship- building received a healthy impetus. Quebec-built ships scoured every sea, and were sought for in European markets The Constitution of 1791 did not diminish but rather increased the friction between the two leading races ; Parliament- ary representation had placed the control of the popular branch of the Government in

MEN OFS CANADA.

the hands of the discontented French major- ity. Grave dissensions had sprung up between the head of the Executive, the Governor-General, and the restless Parlia- mentary party, led by able and patriotic French-Canadians. Imperial misrule and neglect of colonial matters, aided by a power- ful, educated, but grasping, irresponsible oligarchy, claiming all official patronage, made the breach between the representative of the Crown and the nominees of the people irreparable. Quebec society was much distracted by the raging Parliamentary agita- tion. Later on the agitation ripened into avowed insurrection, which led many of its most ardent abettors to a premature grave, some to the gallows; but Quebec, by its moderate stand, escaped this part of the painful tragedy, which, however, among other benefits, brought Canada into notice before the metropolitan authorities, and gave it responsible government a few years later. On the i8th of June, 1812, war was de- clared by the United States against England, and the Canadian territory was invaded at different points. It was not an unmitigated evil ; it brought out in bold relief the patriot- ism and loyalty of all classes in Quebec, and amid the paeans sung in the old Capital to her brave son, Colonel de Salaberry, for his splendid feat at Chateauguay, to General Brock, long a denizen of Quebec, for his dearly-bought victory at Queenston Heights, it emphasized the people's loyalty and attach- ment to the parent State during the time of this unprovoked conflict with our big neigh- bors. In Quebec, the headquarters of Britain's defenders, politics and the rancor of parties were forgotten, pending the strife, for a time only. In 1818 a new era in mer. cantile affairs seems to have dawned ; the necessity of providing a more extensive circulating medium for commerce led to the founding of the Quebec Bank, which has continued to flourish to this day. War alarms had ceased; the Treaty of Ghent, in 1814, brought us much enlarged trade re-

lations. Immigration from the United King- dom assumed larger proportions.

In 1824 an enlightened progressive ad- ministrator, the Earl of Dalhousie, aided by cultured residents, founded at the Chateau St. Louis a scientific association, subse- quently provided with a Royal charter, which, under the name of the Literary and Historical, exists still in our midst. The year following witnessed the launching at the Island of Orleans of two ships, considered for their size leviathans at that period, " The Columbus," 3,090 tons, and the " Baron of Renfrew," 5,888 tons, both built by Scotch companies for the lumber trade. In 1827, under the auspices of the Governor- General, the Earl of Dalhousie, was erected the stately monument to Wolfe and Mont- cairn, to which Dr. John Charlton Fisher, one of the founders of the Literary and Historical Society, contributed the well- known Latin inscription. A notable inci- dent occurred in 1831, of incalculable results for the future. The pioneer steamer of the Atlantic, the " Royal William, "was launched at Anse des Meres, and crossed the ocean propelled by steam alone ; tonnage, 1,370 tons. The summers of 1832 and 1834 were seasons of gloom and despondency ; the Asiatic scourge, cholera, struck the city.

Quebec was incorporated by Act of Par- liament in 1833 ; its first mayor being a well- remembered barrister of the Queen's Bench, Judge Elizear Bedard. The city continued to be a focus of political agitation during the annual sitting of Parliament, the out- come of which were the famous ninety-two resolutions embodying the many grievances of the colony, adopted in the House of Assembly in 1834. Three years later an armed revolt broke out in the Montreal district against the King's authority, and Quebec, though in sympathy with the move- ment, refused to resort to armed resistance, and kept within the bounds of the constitu- tion. In May, 1838, the Earl of Durham arrived at Quebec, escorted by twelve fri-

MEN OP CANADA.

gates, charged with the mission of reporting on colonial grievances, and also of adminis- tering the colony. His humane but uncon- stitutional policy of deporting the political prisoners to Bermuda, instead of having them tried by court-martial and executed, having been bitterly assailed by the Imperial Parliament, he threw up his commission without waiting to be relieved by his Sov- ereign, and hurried back to London to meet with disfavor, the Queen refusing to receive him. The end for Canada was responsible government, a reunion of Upper and Lower Canada into one province, and for the high- spirited, clever Earl humiliation and an early death in 1841.

1841-1867. — Quebec was visited on May 28th and June 28th, 1845, with great fires, which left homeless 16,000 souls ; a crushing blow at that time, but which in the end led to a much-needed transformation in the class of buildings. The innumerable small one- story wooden tenements had disappeared ; substantial stone and fire-brick dwellings took their place. The ocean mail line of steamers, subsidized by Government, were started in 1853 ; the enterprising English railway contractors, Jackson, Peto, Brassey, and Belts, gave us the Grand Trunk Railway. About that time the telegraph and city water- works were introduced, as well as gas a few years later. In September, 1864, took place, in the House of Assembly building at the head of Mountain Hill, the ever-memorable Quebec Conference, which laid the basis of Confederation, presided over by Sir E. P. Tache. To the hostile, disunited provinces of 1864 succeeded, in 1867, the Dominion of Canada — an enlarged national life. Con- federation brought to this province its old name, and to the Ancient Capital its former prestige as the seat of the Provincial Gov- ernment. An improved and more costly- style of construction in private dwellings and public buildings gradually sprung up; the leather and shoe industries, and other lucrative ones, took the place of shipbuild-

ing, and the waning timber trade ; and the working classes were thereby much bene- fited. The removal from Quebec, in 1870- 71, by the Imperial authorities, of the two British regiments, the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers, left unoccupied several large buildings hitherto owned by the Ord- nance Department, as well as the historic citadel, which had been built at such heavy cost with British money. Provincial corps of artillery, cavalry, Batteries A B C, were then formed and commissioned under the Queen's War Regulations, to take the place of the British regulars, leaving us to do garrison duty in their stead on the Citadel and elsewhere.

A happy incident took place in 1872 — the arrival of the Earl of Dufferin and his sojourn during the leafy months in the lofty Citadel, erected in 1820-30 on the original plans of the French engineer, DeLery, and approved of by the Duke of Wellington when commander of the Forces. Lord Dufferin had been struck by the unrivalled view opening out from the King's Bastion, and with the assistance of his own engineer and of the city engineer plans of city adorn- ment and embellishment were prepared and adopted under Lord Dufferin's eye. Some necessary changes were made in the city's approaches, without detracting from the historical character of the fortress. Her Majesty herself was asked to contribute from her own purse to the erection of the new gate which bore the name of her es- teemed father, the Duke of Kent, for four years, whilst commanding the 7th Royal Fusiliers, an inmate of Quebec. Thanks to our fortifications and to the enlightened views of the great statesman whose memory is perpetuated in the noble boulevard he gave us, Dufferin Terrace, Quebec, is still styled " The Walled City of the North."

MODERN QUEHEC

The restoration, by the Confederation Act of 1867, to the Ancient Capital of its former

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prestige as the seat of the Provincial Government ; the construction of its new and stately legislative halls, where the col- lective wisdom of the province meets an- nually, as of yore, were noticeable events in the era of progress and of city embellish- ments recently opened out. In 1852 a royal charter had been granted by Her Majesty the Queen to the Laval University, brought into existence by the Quebec Semi- nary founded in 1668. Later on a generous citizen, the late Dr. James Morrin, left a money grant (supplemented quite recently by a bequest of the late Senator James Ross), which gave us Morrin College in its present enlarged form. The opening by Govern- ment of the City Normal Schools was another measure conducive to disseminate popular education and improve Quebec. Though the decay of the square-timber trade was a disaster to the port of Quebec, depriving 5,000 or 6,000 able-bodied laborers of very remunerative employment during the summer months, recent changes, however, have been made in connection with labor organizations, and the port of Quebec, with its unrivalled facilities for trade, will yet, as heretofore, be sought by the largest ships from European ports. The time was when the arrivals from sea of square-rigged vessels reached the figure of 1,350 in one season. The tendency of the age to construct sea- going steamers of enormous tonnage and great draught of water will yet bring back to the port of Quebec the proud name it enjoyed of being the finest and most popular port in the Dominion.

Quebec is bountifully provided with churches, hospitals, asylums, universities, and educational and charitable institutions for every denomination of Christians ; the Hotel-Dieu, recently much enlarged ; Jeffery Hale Hospital, Le Bon Pasteur, Hospice de la Maternite, Finlay Asylum, Ladies' Protestant Home, the St. Bridget's Asylum, etc. It can boast of one of the most ancient fanes on the continent, the Basilica Minor,

dating back to 1647. Bishop Laval's — its first bishop — diocese extended from Acadia to the Gulf of Mexico. The Anglican church, a handsome temple of worship, dates back to 1800-4 ; the St. Andrew's Church, built in 1810 ; the Congregational, French Protes- tant, and Baptist churches ; St. Patrick's, St. John's, and St. Matthew's churches, and a Jewish synagogue. There seems to be a plethora of banks and banking institutions — the Bank of British North America, the Bank of Montreal, the Quebec Bank, the Banque Nationale, the Merchants' Bank, Quebec Union Bank, Halifax Union Bank, Jacques Cartier Bank. A want for the Quebec trade had long been felt— a back country, settled by prosperous tillers of the soil, requiring the necessaries as well as the luxuries of life. Such has recently been met by the numerous settlements and back parishes with churches, in the fertile valley of Lake St. John, to which a ready access is had by the Quebec and Lake St. John Rail- way. This vast territory, intersected by more than one hundred lakes and limpid streams, is also invaded each summer by myriads of sportsmen from Canada, the United States, and Europe, eager to fill their creels with the trout and land-locked salmon, which swarm in every lake and river. More than sixteen fish and game club houses stud the shores of the St. John Lake district. In addition to the shoe and leather trade, which has helped so materially to build up the flourishing suburb of St. Roch, other industries are gradually finding their way. Cold storage premises are now also being prepared for the opening of navi- gation, and a capacious grain elevator built on the Louise embankment to load the pro- ducts of western wheat fields on Atlantic steamers.

The most conspicuous new buildings are those of parliament, the new post office, the new court house, the handsome city hall, the stately and magnificent Hotel Chateau Frontenac, erected at a cost of $500,000, to

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the south of the ornate shaft now in process of erection in honor of the founder of the city, the Champlain monument. " The total estimated value of the real estate in the city of Quebec is about $36,500,000, whilst the city's bonded debt is $5,368,808. The net revenue of the municipal corporation for 1894-5 was $627,000." (E.T.D. Chambers.) The annexation of the populous suburb of St. Sauveur since the last census was taken brings up the population of the city to about 80,000 souls. One fond dream of Quebeckers awaiting realization is the spanning by a bridge of the River St. Lawrence between Quebec and Levis, which would welcome the entrance into the city proper of the In- tercolonial Railway, the Grand Trunk, the Quebec Central, and other lines in process of construction, which would undoubtedly make the Ancient Capital a railway centre of importance.

J« »EPH HONORE BEGIN, Whole- sale and Retail Boot and Shoe Mer- chant, St. Roch, Quebec City, was born in 1865 at St. Joseph de Levis, Que. He was educated at the Commercial Academy in Quebec, afterwards studying Latin. Having had a complete commercial course, he com- menced business life as a bookkeeper, but in 1885 went on the road, remaining six years, making a great name as a salesman. In 1892 he established his present business, which is now the largest of its kind in the city. He has two travellers on the road ; his wholesale trade is rapidly increasing, and will soon extend over the entire Dominion. Mr. Begin is a man of great enterprise ami energy, and rarely do we find a man of his years at the head of so important a business. He was married in 1888 to Miss Elizabeth Reaume, of Quebec. His family consists of three children, living.

JOSEPH ALPHONSE COUTURE, D.V.S., Quebec, was born in 1850 in Dorchester County, Que. He received his early education at St. Therese College. In 1868 he went to Europe with a company of Pontifical Zouaves, and returned in 1870. He then entered the faculty of Comparative Medicine of McGill University, graduating in 1873. He practised veterinary medicine for six years in Montreal, during which time he was also editor of the Seminaire Agricolc. He was also Professor of Materia Medica and Demonstrator of Anatomy in McGill from 1875-79, when he removed to Quebec, being appointed inspector of the cattle quar- rantine of Levis. He established the Que- bec Veterinary College in 1885. He is one of the directors of the Montreal French Veterinary School, and consulting surgeon of the Provincial Board of Health. He also organized the General Breeders' Asso- ciation of the Province of Quebec, of which he is permanent secretary.

l^LZEAR ANTOINE DENY, LL.B.,

~V«> Judge of the Recorder's Court, Quebec, Que., was born in that city August 22nd, 1844. He is a son of the late Pierre and Julie (Duchesneau) Deny. Judge Dem- received his education at the Christian Brothers' School, Quebec. He studied eight years at Quebec Seminary, taking the degree of B.A. in 1866. He entered Laval Univer- sity the same year, and three years later graduated with the degree of LL.B. Mean- while he had studied law in the offices of two important legal firms in Quebec, which studies he continued after his university course. In 1869 he was admitted to the Bar. He practised alone for seven years, and then formed a partnership with Sir Alfred Cloutoer. Appointed Judge of the Recorder's Court in 1877, an office for which, by reason of his legal attainments, he is eminently qualified. In November, 1870. he married Miss Marie Louise Marcotte. of Quebec.

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T'HE'LATE JAMES THOMPSON

JL was born in the year 1738, at Tain, Ross-shire, Scotland. Owing to a strong attachment to his cousin, Capt. William Baillie, he volun- teered to accompany him with his regi- ment of Highlanders to North America in 1758.

In this corps he served at the harassing siege of Louisbourg, where his friend the Captain was killed. Mr. Thompson served at the memorable siege and reduction of Quebec in 1759, and was present at the capitulation of the town of Montreal the following year.

After the disbandment of the regi- ment with which he was connected, and in which he had rendered such valuable services — the early occurrence of which having operated against him obtaining the commission to which he was to have succeeded — he was attached to the Royal Engineer Department, in the capacity of overseer of works, in which he continued until the year 1828. It was principally owing to an infirmity contracted during the fatigues of the American war in 1775, the effects of which, in his 96th year, constrained him to desist from his official duties. He was particularly active during the first winter, after the capture of Que- bec, in the preparation for the means of defence against an attack by the French, expected to take place the en- suing spring ; and in the battle of the 28th of April, 1 760, on the Plains of Abraham, he so highly distinguished himself in the exploits of "Eraser's Highlanders" that after the pressure of duty had somewhat subsided General Murray, who personally knew his merits, made him an offer of the situa- tions either of Barrack Master of Que- bec, or of Town Major of Montreal ; but he gave the preference to the nature of duties he had to perform in

the Engineering Department. Mr. Thompson's services were eminently conspicuous on the occasion of the invasion of Canada by the American Army in 1775, there having been no commissioned officer of engineers pres- ent at the time. On General Arnold's division appearing in front of St. Louis gate, and then saluting the town of Quebec with three cheers, in expecta- tion that they would be immediately admitted, it was Mr. Thompson who, from expertness in gunnery, acquired at Point Levis in 1759, levelled and fired the first discharge from a 24- pounder at them, from Cape Diamond Bastion, which caused their precipitate retreat at Pointe aux Trembles. On the defeat of the other American divi- sion at Pres de Ville, under General Montgomery, who was killed, it fell to Mr. Thompson's lot to superintend the private interment of the General's body, whose sword he considered himself entitled to withhold, and which still remains with the family.

From his general intelligence— particularly on military points — his strong memory, faculties which enabled him to treasure up a store of most interesting anecdotes, and which, up to a period nearly approaching his death, he would freely relate in all their minuteness of circumstances, and with all his frankness of manner, he ac- quired general esteem, in which he had the happiness to number that of each succeeding Commander of the Forces, and which seems to have gained strength with his increasing years.

Of his numerous family, four sons attained the age of manhood ; two were officers in the Commissariat, a third was for many years Judge of Gaspe, and the fourth was a senior lieutenant in the Royal Artillery. Mr. Thompson died April 3oth, 1830.

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/CAPTAIN JOSEPH I ELZEAR BER-

V— ^^ NIER, Governor of Quebec Gaol, is a strik- ing illustration of what may be accomplished by untiring industry and perseverance. He was born at L'Islet, One., Jan. ist, 1852. He is a son of the late Capt. Thomas Bernier, well known as commander of a number of important vessels sailing between British and Ameri- can ports, and a grandson of the late Capt. John Bap- tiste Bernier, who was in his day a noted skipper. Other near connections of our subject have also won for themselves laurels in nautical science. Mr. Ber- nier was educated at the schools of L'Islet, and at the age of seventeen and a half years passed his examina- tions, graduating as sea captain. In the same year he was made master of the British brig "St. Joseph," which he commanded while crossing the ocean, before reaching his eighteenth birthday. Since then he has crossed the Atlantic some one hundred and fifty -eight times, and has also travelled extensively in Europe and America. He is probably more widely known than any other officer in the Dominion. Abundant energy and force of character are quali- ties which he possesses in a very high degree. His diary, which he has kept since he was twelve years of age, is a record of one of the most remarkable seafaring careers of modern times, containing an account of the events of every day of his life from 1864 to the present time. He is also in possession

of many valuable documents relating to the times of his childhood, written by his mother. He has commanded in all forty-six vessels across the Atlantic. He attributes a great deal of his success to strictly temperate habits, never having taken liquor or used tobacco in any form. He was made a Justice of the Peace in the year 1892, and Com- missioner of the Superior Court in 1895. In February, 1895, he assumed his present responsible position. He commands universal respect, and as a manager of men is unsurpassed. Cap- tain Bernier was married in 1870 to Miss Rose Caron.

CANADA.

/£) HARLES EDWARD ELLIOTT, I B.A., M.D., CM., L.R.C.S.E.,

^^-^^ Quebec, One., was born January igth, 1864, in that city. His parents were William Elliott and Eliza- beth Tozer, natives of England. Dr. Elliott was educated at Bishop's College School, Lennoxville, where he prepared for the university. He took up the study of Arts in Bishop's College in 1882, graduating in 1885 with the de- gree of B.A. He entered the medical department of the same university in that year, graduating in 1889 with de- grees of | M.D., CM., and highest honors, carrying off both the "Wood"

and "Nelson" gold medals for special examination in surgery, and for taking the highest number of marks in the general examination. He then removed to Ver- mont, with the intention of practising in the United States ; and, after a course in medicine in the Univer- sity of Vermont, obtained the degree of M.D. there. He then returned to Quebec, and passed his examination before the Medical Board of the province, and in 1889 started for London, England. Here he was in London Hospital, Whitechapel, for one year; then, in 1890, he went to Edinburgh, where he obtained the degree of L.R.C.S.E. from the Uni- versity of Edinburgh. He afterwards studied in Dublin and Paris, and then returned to his native city and began the practice of his profession. Erom that time his practice has rapidly increased, and to-day he stands in the fore- front of the most eminent physicians of the city, although yet a young man. In addition to his private practice, the doctor is surgeon to the Queen's Own Hussars, a member and examining physician for the Indepen- dent Order of Odd Fellows, Independent Order of Foresters, Ancient Order of United Workmen, Sons of England, Masonic Order, etc., etc. He is en- endowed with personal magnetism and a clear, strong intellect, which enables him to forge his way to the highest success in any task he undertakes ; and his many friends predict for him a splendid career in the future. In 1890 he married Miss Corinne Hamel.

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^T\OCTOR FREDERIC BOULAN- GER, B.A., M.I)., physician and surgeon, Quebec, Que., was born May 28th, 1869, at St. Agathe, Lotbiniere County, P.Q. His parents were Daniase and Constance (Bourassa) Boulanger, agriculturists. Dr. Boulanger received his education at Quebec Seminary, where he studied eight years, graduating B.A. in 1890. He then entered the medical department of Laval University, receiving the degree of M.D. (sinnma cum lande) in 1894. During the last two years of his university course he also studied under Dr. Grondin, of Quebec, and had a good deal of practical experience in connection with that well-known medical man's private hos- pital. By reason of his close application and industry, he was, at the time of gradu- ation, a very skilful and an experienced practitioner. In May, 1894, he began practice on his own account in Quebec. In religion the doctor is a Roman Catholic ; in politics an Independent. Doctor Boulanger was married in 1894 to Miss Corinne, daughter of Louis Paulin, Esq., one of the prominent men of Quebec.

DOCTOR FREDERIC BOULANGER, B.A., M.D.

KDWAKU J. ANGKKS, N.P.

V'DWARD J. ANGERS, N. P., Quebec, ^<?> Qlie-» was born August 4th, 1844, in that city. He is the son of the late Edward Angers, in his day a well-known contractor, and who for many years played an important part in the affairs of the eastern section of the old walled capital. His mother's maiden name was Marcelline des Trois M.dit Picard. Mr. Angers was educated at Quebec Sem- inary. He commenced the study of law in 1861, in the office of the late Daniel Mac- pherson, was admitted as Notary in June, 1866, and has since practised in Quebec. He was appointed, with Mr. Strung, notary to the Quebec Harbor Commissioners, and as such to draw up the contract made for the Quebec harbor improvements and the grav- ing dock at Levis, two of the most important contracts made in Quebec during recent years. He is Commissioner for P.E.I., was one of the charter members of Court St. Jean, I.O.F., Quebec, and largely instru- mental in organizing the same. Mr. Angers is a Liberal in politics, and has done good work for his party. He was married in 1870 to Miss;Celina Vachon.

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JOHN DUNCAN DUCHENE.

JOHN DUNCAN DUCHENE, D.V.S., St. Roch, Quebec City, P.Q., was born in 1857 at Port au Persile, P.Q. His father was the late Herbert Duchene, a prominent pilot on the Lower St. Lawrence. His mother was Aurore McLaren. Mr. Duchene was educated at Quebec and Montreal. Entered Montreal French Vet- erinary College in 1884, and in 1887 gradu- ated with high honors and the degree of D.V.S. In July, 1887, he commenced prac- tice in St. Roch, Quebec City, where he has continued and built up a good practice. His ability has been recognized, and tributes paid to his learning and skill, on various occasions. Dr. Duchene was Professor of Anatomy at Veterinary Medical College, Quebec, until the disestablishment of that school. In 1892 he undertook the herculean task of translating the " Practical Home Physician" into the French language. This work enjoys the reputation of being the greatest family medical book ever intro- duced to the French people. He was mar- ried in 1887 to Bella, daughter of Donald McLaren, Esq., of Chicoutimi, Que.

JOSEPH FERDINAND PEACHY, <s>s J.P. and Architect, Quebec, Que., was born there in 1830. Mr. Peachy was educated at the Christian Brothers' School and Quebec Seminary. He commenced the study of architecture at the age of nineteen, and four years later was qualified for prac- tice. He commenced operations in Quebec, where he showed remarkable adaptation for his profession, and his services were retained to erect some of the most important edifices now standing in the Ancient Capital. In politics Mr. Peachy is an Independent, and was a candidate in 1881 for Quebec Centre for the local legislature. He was a member of the city council for twenty-one years, chairman of the Water Works Committee, also of the Road Committee. In religion Mr. Peachy is a Roman Catholic, holding the office of warden, is a liberal supporter of religious institutions, and has formed the acquaintance of some of the most noted men of the age. He has been married twice, first, in 1853, to Miss Elmire J. Triaud, of Quebec, and again, in 1869, to Miss Caroline Duberger, of Murray Bay.

JOSEPH FERDINAND PEACHY.

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ANIEL McAVOY, B.A., LL. B., Advocate, Quebec, was born Dec. ist, 1870, in that city. His father was Michael Mc- Avoy, wholesale and retail dry goods merchant. His mother's maiden name was Zoe Lavoie. His father died in 1884 : his mother is still living (1895). Mr. McAvoy received his early educa- tion at the schools of Quebec. At the age of seven he entered Quebec Semi- nary, and at the end of nine years grad- uated with the degree of B.A. He be- gan the study of law in Laval Univer- sity in 1887, and at the same time studied in the office of F. X. Lemieux,

Q.C., and was admitted to the Bar of the province in 1892. As a student he took high rank, very notably in rhetoric and literature. In 1892 he commenced practice in Quebec, and was soon sur- rounded by a numerous and wealthy clientelle. As an advocate he is able, well read in all branches of the law, and has successfully conducted a num- ber of civil and commercial cases. He has taken an active part in the labor movement in Quebec district, and is the legal adviser of the Quebec Trades and Labor Council. He is a man of great energy, and gives promise of a success- ful future.

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R. EUGENE DORVAL, dentist, Quebec, Que., was born July i5th, 1857, in that city. He is a son of Philip Dorval, the veteran chief of the Quebec fire brigade, and a most highly respected citizen of the Ancient Capital. His mother's maiden name was Josephine Chautevert, who is still living, and con- nected with one of the noted families of Quebec. Dr. Dorval was educated at the Christian Brothers' Commercial Academy, Quebec. When sixteen years of age he began the study of dentistry in the office of Dr. Casgrain, and subsequently entered the office of

Dr. M. Pourtier, formerly of Paris, France, the oldest and most widely known dentist of Quebec. He gradu- ated in 1883, and in the following year formed a partnership with his former instructor, Dr. Pourtier, which con- tinued until the latter's death in 1889. Since that time Dr. Dorval has prac- tised alone, but under the name of Pourtier & Dorval. He has estab- lished a wide and high reputation as a skilful practitioner, and is surrounded by a large and lucrative connection. Dr. Dorval was married June 2ist, 1880, to Miss Marie Hebert dit La- comte, of Quebec.

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I \KV E. JOURNET, General Manager "Chateau Fron- tenac," Quebec, Que., was born in Algiers, July gth, 1X51. He is connected with an old and well-known French family of Burgundy. His father was Jos. H. Journet, an important vine- grower of that country. His mother was a daughter of M. Matruchot, the well-known civil engineer of France, who for many years served the French Government in Turkey and Asia. Mr. Journet, our subject, was educated in Algiers, and after completing his school training served an apprenticeship to the art of cooking in the cuisine of Marshall MacMahon. late President of the French Re- public. At the end of three years he was a qualified chef. Taking his certifi- cate he went to Paris, and entered the employ of La Maison Doree, with whom he remained several months. He afterwards visited the leading hotels and restaur- ants of the French capital, with a view to perfecting his knowledge of the culi- nary art. In 1 873 he remov- ed to Brussels, and entered the Grand Restaurant Americaine as chef, which position he held for one year. He then accepted a similar position at the Grand Pavilion cles Dunis, and was subsequently employed by H.R.H. Prince Alexander of Holland. In 1880 he went to London, England, becoming chief cook to the Queen's Life Guards, after- wards chief steward of Dev- onshire Club, London, and managing cook of the fam- ous Star and Garter hotel. In

1891 he left for New York. He re- mained in the I'nited States until 1893, when, on the completion of the great "Chateau Frontenac" in that year in Quebec city, he was appointed manager of its provision department. He dis- played such extraordinary ability as a caterer in this capacity that the follow- ing year he was appointed general manager. He fills this position with much satisfaction and efficiency. Mr. Journet was married in 1882 to Miss Lucy Panter, daughter of Professor William Panter, of London, England. His family consists of one daughter and two sons.

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CANADA.

. THOMAS CHASE- CASGRAIN, Q.C., LL.D., M.P.P., Attorney-General for the Province of Quebec, was born July 28th, 1852. His parents were Hon. Charles Eugene Casgrain, M.D., C.M., and Charlotte Mary Chase. He is a descendant of Jean Baptiste Casgrain, an officer of the French army ; and on his mother's side is descended from the Baby family, whose people include in their number some of the most promi- nent in Canadian military and political history. Mr. Casgrain was educated in Quebec Seminary, graduating with high honors in 1872. He then attend-

ed Laval University, where, in June, 1877, he graduated Master in Law, and carried off the Dufferin medal. He was called to the Bar in August, 1877, and at once began practice in Quebec, in partnership with Lieutenant-Colonel Guillaume Amyot, M.P. In 1881 he joined the well-known firm of Langlois, Larue & Angers, as junior partner, sub- sequently becoming senior member of the firm of Casgrain, Angers & Hamel. He was appointed a member of the Faculty of Law in his alma mater in October, 1878, and, in the same year Secretary of the Faculty. In October, 1883, the degree of D.C.L. was con- ferred upon him, and he was appointed Professor of Criminal Law in Laval. He represented the Crown in Quebec at two sessions of the Court of Queen's Bench, and was chosen by the Gov- ernment junior counsel for the Crown at the trial of Louis Riel, and other rebels, in Regina, in 1885. In poli- tics he is a strong Conserva- tive. In 1886, while the Riel affair was still fresh in the minds of the public, he was nominated for the Leg- islative Assembly, and, in spite of the opposition on account of being one who participated in having the death sentence passed upon Riel, he was successful, and returned by a majority of 196 votes. In 1892 he was made Attorney- General of Quebec, and has since filled that office most acceptably. Mr. Casgrain was married May 1 5th, 1878, to Marie Louise LeMoine, eldest daughter of the late Alex- andre LeMoine.

MKN OP CANAOA.

WILFRED HKAUPRK, M.I).

BEAUPRE, M.D., Member de la Societc Ophthalmologique de Paris, Oculist, Quebec, Que., was born in 1859 at St. Elizabeth, Joliette County, Que. His father is Dr. A. Beaupre, of Joliette, one of the best known medical men of the prov- ince. His mother's name was Dorothe Voligny, of illustrious connection. Our sub- ject was educated at St. Elizabeth, Joliette, and Masson Colleges, and at Victoria University, Montreal, graduating M.I), in 1880. He then practised in Montreal for five years, and in 1882 was appointed assistant- surgeon and assistant-professor of ophthal- mologique clinics at Hotel-Dieu, Montreal. In 1884 he went to Europe, and, after studying at the Paris universities and hospitals, re- turned to Montreal in 1885. Subsequently, on account of ill-health, he retired to his country residence. In 1886 he married Miss R. Gadoury, of St. Elizabeth. In 1891 he again located in Quebec and started practice as oculist, where he is regarded as a skilful man. In religion the doctor is a Roman Catholic ; in politics a staunch Liberal. In 1894 he studied in Paris.

OEOk(iE KMII.K TANCJUAV.

EMILE TANGUAY, Archi-

tect, Quebec, was born at St. Gervais, Oct. 8th, 1858, and was educated at Laval Normal School. In 1888 he left for Europe to study the monuments of architecture in the old world. He visited Gibraltar, thence crossed to Africa, visiting the Moorish pal- aces of Tangiers; then went through Spain, southern France, Paris, Italy, Switzerland, northern France, and England. On his re- turn to Quebec he prepared the plans and surveyed the erection of the new Hotel-Dieu. Among his other works are the churches of Jeune Lorette, St. Thomas de Montmagny, St. Pascal de Kamouraska ; the restoration of the Basilica of Quebec ; repairing the Beauport Asylum, Garneau wholesale store, Jacques Cartier Bank building, in Quebec ; R. C. church, of Cornwall, Ont.; and Church of Immaculce Conception, in Montreal. Al- though yet a young man, Mr. Tanguay is one of the leading architects of the Dominion. He is a member of the Arts and Manufactur- ers Council of Quebec ; also of the Provincial Association of Architects. He was married in 1885 to Miss Clara Trudel, of Quebec.

64

MEN

CANADA.

MOST REV. LOUIS NAZAIRE BEGIN, D.D.

OST REV. LOUIS NAZAIRE BEGIN, D.D., Archbishop of Cy- rene, Coadjutor of His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau, was born at Levis, Que., Jan. loth, 1840. His father was Charles Begin, a farmer, while his mother was Luce Para- dis. Both are now deceased. Archbishop Begin attended Levis Model School for one year, after which he spent one year at the Commercial College of St. Michael. In 1857 ne was sent to t^6 Seminary of Quebec to study classics, and completed the same in 1862. He then obtained his B.A. at Laval, and carried off the Prince of Wales prize. Having resolved to adopt a religious life, he entered the Grand Seminary of Que- bec, where he studied theologv. Sept. 4th, 1863, Mgr. Begin left for Rome to study theology, and then to return to Quebec as Professor at Laval. He returned to Quebec in July, 1868. He received all the minor and major orders in Rome, and was ordained priest in the Major Basilica of Lateran, June loth, 1865, by His Eminence Cardinal Vicar Patrizi. In 1866 he obtained the de- gree of Doctor in Theology at the Gre-

HIS EMINENCE ELZEAR ALEXANDER TASCHEREAU.

EMINENCE ELZEAR ALEX- ANDER TASCHEREAU, Cardi- nal and Archbishop of Quebec, was born February I'/th, 1820, at St. Marie de la Beauce, P.Q- He is descended from Thomas Jacques Taschereau, who came from France in the early part of the seven- teenth century. The Cardinal's grandfather was the late Hon. Gabriel Elzear Tasche- reau, while his father was Jean Thomas Taschereau, a Judge of King's Bench. His mother was Marie Panet, daughter of Hon. Jean Antoine Panet, Speaker of the first Legislative Assembly of Canada. The future Cardinal, when a mere lad, was sent to Quebec Seminary, where he soon distin- guished himself as a student. He then en- tered the Grand Seminary, where he began the usual course of theology. In 1836 he visited Rome, and in 1837 received the Tonsure at the hands of Monsignor Piatti, Archbishop of Trebizond. Shortly after this he returned to Quebec, where he resumed his studies. He was ordained September loth, 1842, and shortly afterwards appointed to the chair of Philosophy in the Grand

MEN OP CANADA.

gorian University. In 1867 he started for Palestine, in order to get thoroughly ac- quainted with certain biblical and historical facts, after which he continued his studies in history and languages at the Catholic Uni- versity, Innsbruck. In July, 1868, he ar- rived at Quebec, and in September of the same year commenced to teach a portion of dogmatic theology and ecclesiastical history, as Professor of the Faculty of Theology of Laval University. Here he cpntinucd until 1884, having also during the last seven or eight years charge of the pupils of the Uni- versity, or of those of the Little or Grand Seminary, and was also Prefect of studies of ihe Little Seminary. During several win- ters he also gave numerous public lectures, at Laval University, on the most contro- verted and interesting questions of the his- tory of the Church, which were published in a volume of over 400 pages. Mgr. Begin has also published many other large and notable works, some of which have been translated into the English language. From October, 1883, to April, 1884, Abbe Begin was at Point Rouge recruiting his health, and then accompanied the Archbishop of Quebec to Rome, to sustain the rights of Laval University and the division cf the Diocese of Three Rivers before the Holy See. After his return from his mission, Abbe- Begin was chosen to occupy the important position of Principal of the Normal School, in the place of the late Abbe Lagace, who had recently died, and fulfilled the functions of the same until October, 1888, when he was elected Bishop of Chicoutimi. The ceremony of the consecration took place in the Basilica of Quebec, His Eminence Cardi- nal Taschereau officiating and two bishops assisting. December 22nd, 1891, he was appointed coadjutor to His Eminence Cardi- nal Taschereau, with the title of Archbishop of Cyrene. Since December 3rd, 1894. he has held the administration of the Arch- diocese of Quebec, which Cardinal Tasche- reau has committed to him.

Seminary, holding this important position for twelve years. Prior to this he held the professorships of Latin, Greek, and Rhetoric in the same institution. In 1846, during a malignant feverat Grosse Isle, Father Tasche- reau felt called to go and minister to the spiritual needs of the victims of the disease. Here he labored until stricken down him- self, and almost brought to death's door. He was appointed Professor of Theology in the Seminary in 1851. In 1854 he again visited Rome, charged by the second Provin- cial Council of Quebec to submit its decrees for the sanction of His Holiness the Pope. He spent two years in Rome, being occupied chiefly in studying canon law; and in July, 1856, the Roman Seminary conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Canon Law. On his return to Quebec he was appointed director of the Petit Seminaire, and in 1859 elected director of the Grand Seminaire. In 1860 he became Superior of the same, and Rector of Laval University. In 1862 he again visited Rome, and on his return was appointed Vicar-General of the Archdiocese of Quebec. Again, in 1864, he paid a visit to Rome on similar business connected with Laval. He was subsequently again ap- pointed director of the Grand Seminaire, and re-elected Superior. In 1870 he visited Rome again. After the death of Archbishop Baillargeon, in October, 1870, he adminis- tered the affairs of the archdiocese con- jointly with Grand Vicar Cazeau ; and igth of March, 1871, he was consecrated Arch- bishop, the Archbishop of Toronto official ing, with two others assisting. June 7th, 1886, His Holiness called him to occupy a seat in the Sacred College of Cardinals; and His Eminence is the first Canadian who has thus been so honored by his Church. In 1891, impelled by the evidences of failing health, he applied to Rome for a coadjutor ; the Holy See granted his request, appointing Monseigneur L. N. Begin ; and since Sep- tember 3rd, 1894, His Eminence has lived in retirement in his palace.

MEN OF CANADA.

TAWRENCE JOHN CANNON, LL.L., -*>vs> Assistant Attorney-General and Law Clerk of Province of Quebec, was born November i8th, 1852, in Quebec city. His father was Lawrence Ambrose Cannon, advocate, and his mother the daughter of Thomas Cary, proprietor for many years of the Quebec Mercury. Mr. Cannon was edu- cated at Quebec Seminary and Nicolet Col- lege, obtaining the degree of LL.B. He studied law at Laval University, Quebec, and was admitted to the Bar in 1874. He practised at Arthabaskaville until February, 1891, when he was appointed to his present position. In politics Mr. Cannon is a Liberal, and in 1882 was a candidate for Drummond and Arthabaska. He was mar- ried August 2nd, 1876, to Atirelie Dumoulin, daughter of the late Gaspard Dumoulin, pro- thonotary of the Superior Court, District of Arthabaska. His family consists of four sons and three daughters.

. GEORGE ELIE MARTINEAU,

Quebec, Que., was born at St. Roch de Quebec, July 22nd, 1867. He is the son

LAFLEUR, proprietor of the Canada Steam Laundry and Dye Works, Quebec, Que., was born at Mont- magny, Que., in 1858. He is of French parentage, and received a good education at the schools of Quebec Province. He removed to the city of Quebec when eleven years of age, entering the employ of the Quebec Steam Dye Works, where he continued for twenty-one years, thoroughly mastering the details of the large business. In 1890 Mr. Lafleur established a business on his own ac- count, opening the Canada Steam Laundry and Dye Works, which he now conducts. This is now one of the best- known establishments of the kind in Quebec, and Mr. Lafleur is a highly respected citizen. In religion he is a Roman Catholic.

of Chevalier J. E. Martineau, councillor, of that city. Dr. Martineau received his clas- sical education at the Seminary of Nicolet, Quebec, after which he took up his medical studies at Laval University, Quebec. After completing his course there, and receiving his degree of M.D., he went to Europe for the purpose of perfecting himself in the study of hydrotherapy (water cure), which is so much in vogue in Europe, and which is proving to be most effectual in the treat- ment of nervous and chronic diseases. Judging from his past ambitious movements and success, he is determined to spare no pains to qualify for a prominent place in his profession. He recognizes that modern fame lies at the summit of knowledge and skill, and having started in that direction is likely to reach the goal. He is already well on the way, and his friends have faith in his ultimate success. Dr. Martineau was married October 4th, 1892, to Miss Alice, daughter of Louis Leclerc, Esq., notary.

MKN OK CANAI>A.

>gjHAS. BAILLAIRGE, C.P.F., the "Soci6t<J de Vulgarisation de PKn ( M.A. & F.R.S.C., City Engineer, seignement en France," also the medal

^— ^"<2> Ouebec, was born at Que- " Phillippe de (iirard," for the most use- bee, Sept. 27th, 1826. His parents ful invention of the year, and has since were P. T. Baillairge, and Charlotte, received 13 medals of honor and 17 daughter of Lieutenant Horsley, of diplomas from various countries. In H.M. Navy. He was educated at 1874 he published in both languages Quebec Seminary, after which he "The Stereometricon"; in 1873 he studied mathematics, philosophy, logic, wrote a play called " Le Diable devenu etc., and commenced his apprenticeship Cuisinier," which was a great success. in architecture, engineering, and sur- His later works are, 1888, a French veying, receiving his diploma in 1847. dictionary, "English Homonyms,""Hom- Prior to his present position he designed onymes Francais," etc. He is honor- and superintended the construction of ary member of 1 1 literary and scientific Laval University, the asylums and societies. He has been married twice, churches of the Sisters of Charity and and has a family of ten children living. Good Shepherd, music hall, new jail, etc. In 1860 he erected on the St. Foy Road the bronzed monument to the braves who fell there in 1860. He was for many years hydrographical sur- veyor and engineer to the Ouebec Harbor Commis- sion, chairman of the Board of Examiners of Land Sur- veyors, and an alderman of St. Louis Ward. He has delivered in the House of Assembly and elsewhere lec- tures and conferences on "Steam and the Steam En- gine," "Pneumatics," "Me- chanics," "Optics," "Astron- omy," etc. During 1863- 65 he was in Ottawa as joint architect and engineer of the Parliament Buildings, with Messrs. Fuller & Page, and completed his work, " Plane and Spherical Ge- ometry and Trigonometry." In 1874 he published in French and English, "Key to the Stereometrical Tal- beau." In February, 1874, he received the trold medal of

68

MEN

CANADA.

1\ /I ICHAEL JAS. MORRISON, JL\ I LL.B., Advocate and Solici- ^^ tor, Quebec, Que., was born Feb. 1 5th, 1865, in that city. His father was Thomas Morrison, who died in 1891. He was a descendant of one of the old representative families of Middleton, Cork. Mr. Morrison re- ceived his early education at the Chris- tian Brothers' Commercial Academy, Quebec. At the age of fifteen he en- tered a wholesale dry goods house in Quebec, where he served as book- keeper for some years. In 1884 he entered the employ of Hon. W. W. Lynch, Commissioner of Crown Lands,

as private secretary, and held this posi- tion during the Ross-Taillon adminis- tration. In 1887 he was appointed official stenographer in the Court House, Quebec, and in this capacity he exhibited rare talent, such as to call forth encomiums from some of the most eminent lawyers of Canada. While occupying these different positions, he carried on his classical studies under private tutors ; and after admission to the study of law entered the office of Charles Fitzpatrick, Q.C., and at the same time became a student in the law faculty of Laval University. In 1894 he graduated with the degree of LL.B., and was shortly af- terwards admitted to the Bar. He at once began the practice of his profession in his native city, Quebec, and has already succeeded in working up a large connec- tion. He is recognized by the profession and the pub- lic as one of the coming men of the province. In politics Mr. Morrison is a Conservative, a member of the Cartier-MacdonaldClub, is a clever stump speaker, takes an active part in elec- tion campaigns, and does excellent work for his party in this regard. He is a member of St. Patrick's Lit- erary Institute, and other Irish societies, and has al- ways taken a prominent part in all matters in which the Irish people are inter- ested. For a man of his years he has made phenom- enal progress. Mr. Morri- son was married July i8th, 1894, to Miss Mary Power, daughter of John Power, Esq., of Quebec.

MEN OK CANADA.

\^ICTOR LABERGE, Notary Public and Commissioner of the Superior Court of Quebec, practising in the city of Quebec, was born March gth, 1866, in that city. He is the youngest son of Auguste Laberge, contractor and ex-alderman of Quebec, and Liza Wheeler ; the former of French de- scent, the latter a native of Ireland. Our subject's father was also Justice of the Peace, and a well-known man in Conservative poli- tics. Mr. Laberge was educated at the Seminary of Quebec, after which he entered Laval University. After completing his edu- cation, he took up the study of law, and succeeded in passing his examinations ad- mitting him to the practice of the notarial profession. Since that time he has practised with much success in his native city, where he has gained the confidence of the citizens, and has acquired a lucrative connection. In religion, Mr. Laberge is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; in politics, like his father he is a strong Conservative, a mem- ber of the Cartier-Macdonald Club, and takes an active part in the welfare of his party.

VICTOR LAHERGE.

JOSEPH ALFRED I.\N«.I \l-.

JOSEPH ALFRED LANGLAIS. Chevalier du St. Sepulchre, Pub- lisher, and wholesale and retail dealer in stationery and books, Quebec, was born March 8th, 1838, at St. Denis, Kamouraska county, Que. At the age of fourteen he commenced business as itinerant dry goods merchant. He subsequently went to Quebec as clerk, remaining for three years. He then began dealing in farm produce. In 1865 he married Mrs. Fournier, who owned a station- ery store at St. Roch. Under his able management the business increased rapidly, and became one of the most important stores in the city. In 1878 he published a series of copybooks, costing $10,000, which were authorized for use in the schools of Quebec in 1880, and are recognized as the best among French-Canadians. In 1882 Mr. Langlais visited Great Britain, France, Italy, Sicily, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, and Africa, to gain connection with publishing houses of the Old World. He has two son«, one of whom is a partner in the firm of J. A. Langlais & Fils, and the other a manufac- turer in the United States.

CANADA.

REV. J. F. DUPUIS, D.D.

'. J. F. DUPUIS, D.D., Auditor, >&> Quebec, was born June 2Oth, 1858, at St. Roch des Aulnaies, Que. His father, Jean Baptiste Dupuis, was M.P.P. for L'Islet County. His mother was Justine Let- ellier, of St. Just. Dr. Dupuis was educated at St. Anne de la Pocatiere, graduating B. A. in 1879. In November of that year he went to Rome to take a theological course. There he distinguished himself, and for proficiency in canon law carried off the silver medal. In 1882 he was ordained priest by His Eminence Cardinal Monacodella Valetta, and one year later received his D.D. In the meantime he had visited various historical parts of Italy, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, and England, and in 1883 returned to Canada. He was Professor of Divinity in Levis College for nine years, and in 1892 again visited the Old World to gather his- torical data for his contemplated work, " Rome and Jerusalem." In 1894 ne gave this book to the world, and it is recognized as the greatest work on this subject written by a Canadian author. He was appointed Vicar of the Basilica, Quebec, in 1893.

TCLFRED BROSNAN, Comptroller of Vs> Revenue of the Province of Quebec, Quebec city, is a son of the late Cornelius M. Brosnan, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Nevada ; and of Sophie, eldest daughter of Dr. Wolfred Nelson, whose name is so prominently connected with the uprising of 1837 an<^ *ne battle of St. Denis. He was born in Syracuse, N.Y., August i8th, 1849. When young he carne to Canada, which has become the country of his adoption. He went to Europe in 1872, where he passed several years in scientific and literary study. Shortly after his return to this country he was appointed to the Treasury Department at Quebec. His uncle, Hon. Jonathan Wurtele, now Judge of Appeals, was at the time Treasurer of the province. When the Revenue branch was established as a distinct part of the Treasury Department in 1889, Mr. Brosnan was ap- pointed Comptroller, which position he still holds. In 1883 he married a daughter of the late Mr. Pierre Legare, a prominent lawyer of Quebec, and who was at one time assistant clerk of the Legislative Council.

ALFRED KROSNAN.

MICN or CANADA.

ANGERS, Alderman of St. Louis Ward of the city of Quebec, was born there Oct. 1 3th, 1855. He received his edu- cation at Quebec Seminary and Laval University, making brilliant courses. After completing his education he took up the study of law, successfully passed his examinations, and was admitted to practice in July, 1877. He rapidly rose to prominence in this connection, and in December, 1889, was created a Q.C. Mr. Angers has taken an active part in the municipal affairs of his city, having been three times councillor, and at the present time is president of the Regula-

tion Committee. He is now a member of the legal firm of Casgrain. Angers & Lavery ; a distinguished lawyer, a keen sportsman, and popular alike in all these spheres of life with all who know him. He speaks both the Eng- lish and I'Yench languages with equal fluency, and is always listened to with the strictest attention by his audiences. The numerous important offices which he has so ably filled give him the recog- nition he has deservedly won. By his marriage he is allied to the Le Moine family, one of the most aristocratic and well-known families of which Que- bec can boast.

MEN OF CANADA.

EETIENNE THEODORE PA- i QUET, Postmaster, Quebec, ^^ was born Jan. 8th, 1850, at St. Nicholas County, Levis, Que. His parents were E. T. Paquet and M. N. Moffettes. After occupying various responsible positions, Mr. Paquet was appointed Sheriff of Quebec in October, 1883, which position he held until April, 1 890. He was then made special officer of the Privy Council of Quebec. He takes an active interest in parliamentary matters, and in March, 1891, ran for his constituency, but was defeated. He then practised as a notary for four years, and was appointed to his present

position as postmaster of the city of Quebec by Sir A. P. Caron in October, 1894. The action of the Government in placing Mr. Paquet in this respon- sible position was much appreciated by the Quebec people. He has done con- siderable work as an author, and among his valuable literary productions recent- ly published may be mentioned a book entitled "Fragments de 1'Historie de St. Nicholas," which was well received, and brought deserved credit to the writer. Mr. Paquet is president of the "Club d'Aiguebelles," etc. He loves a quiet life, and takes quite an interest in agricultural pursuits.

MBN OK CANADA.

73

ANCIS XAVIER BKRLINGUET, arch- itect, civil engineer, and official arbitrator for the Quebec Government, Que- bec, was born in that city, Dec. 5th, 1830. He is the son of the late Thomas Ber- linguet, architect, and Marie Charlotte Mailloux. On leaving school he studied architecture, sculpture, and statuary with his father. He obtained several first prizes for statuary works on wood, one of them, the "Ecce Homo," securing a first- class diploma and a medal at an exhibition held in Montreal on the occasion of the visit of H.R. H. the Prince of Wales in 1860. In 1852 he opened an office in Quebec as architect and contractor, and since then has built over fifty churches, besides various other impor- tant buildings. The Beau- port church, which he built in 1856, and rebuilt in 1892, after being destroyed by fire, is considered one of his principal productions. In 1869 he took up the study of civil engineering. In 1870 he secured the contract for an important section of the I.C.R., and on his return to Quebec, after the comple- tion of the same, reopened his office as architect and civil engineer. In 1874 he submitted plans for the Quebec har- bor works, which, though not adopted, have been officially declared the best of those submitted. Since 1887 he has been the engineer of the drainage sys- tem of the city of Three Rivers. He was granted a second prize in a compe- tition of sixteen Canadian and American architects, for plans for the Parliament

buildings in Toronto. He is one of the founders of the Association of Archi- tects, Quebec province, and was elected president of the same in 1891. In 1887 he was appointed official arbitrator of the Public Works of Quebec Govern-

*^r

ment, and his services in that capacity have been such as should receive for him generous commendation from all. He- is a member of the Quebec Board of Trade, of the Geographical Society of Quebec, and has been one of the chief promoters of schemes for the construc- tion of a railway bridge at Quebec, and for the winter navigation of the St. Lawrence river.

74

MEN OF CANADA.

<* ^

IVSKk

T/UNSLIE YOUNG, M.A., Rec-

•*- • tor of the High School of Quebec, was born May 6th, 1855, at Ste. Therese de Blainville, Que. He is a son of the- late Rev. Thomas Ainslie Young and Charlotte Lucy Monk, daughter of Capt. John B. Monk. The former died in 1891, the latter in 1895. Mr. Young received his early education from his father. At the age of thirteen he entered Bishop's College School, Lennoxville, remaining four years, then entered Bishop's College, graduating with ma- thematical honors in 1875, anc^ the degree of B.A. He afterwards studied for the profession of civil engineering in

Ottawa. Was in the employ of the C.P.R. for about a year, and then having de- cided to follow teaching was engaged to E. W. Rathbun, Esq., as private tutor. In this capacity he served for about two years, and then became assistant master of Bishop's College School. In 1882 he took charge of the High School of Three Rivers as Principal, remain- ing until September, 1886, when he was appointed to his present position. His specialty is mathematics, on which he is a recognized authority. Not only can Mr. Young explore the different intricacies of figures, but he possesses the rare ability of being able to quickly assist a student to overcome the many obstacles lying in his mathematical path. In reli- gion he is a member of the Church of England, Super- intendent of the Sabbath School at the English Cathedral, Secretary of the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, and Secretary of the Board of Directors of the High School Board, besides filling many minor positions. Socially, Mr. Young is much esteemed. Mr. Young was mar- ried, July 4th, 1883, to Miss Lucy Thompson, daughter of Captain Henry Huddlestone Thompson, Rice Lake, Ontario. Mrs. Young is connected with an old historic family, among whom is found the famous Lieutenant- Colonel Dyer, who served under the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War, and took an active part in the suppression of the rebellion of 1837-38 in Canada.

j

MEN OF CANADA.

75

= Y>Al'L KKNKST SMITH, Deputy Clerk of the Legislative Assembly, Quebec, was born January I4th, 1829, at New London, Prince Edward Island. He was educated at Jenkins' Academy, Quebec, and Ste. Therese College, near Montreal. Was appointed a civil service employee in 1849, and served in the old Parliament Buildings at Montreal, which he saw de- stroyed by fire that same year. He was subsequently ttansferred to Quebec, from thence to Toronto, and from thence to Ottawa. Mr. Smith being conversant with both the English and French languages, and having a thorough knowledge of parliamen- tary usages, was in 1867 transferred to Quebec to aid in the organization of the various departments of the new Legislative Assembly. He was a'member of the cor- poration of the city of Quebec from 1875^0 1879; was President-General for the Domin- ion of the St. Vincent de Paul Society ; was created a Knight of the Sacred and Military Order of the Holy Sepulchre ; and in 1895 honorary member of the " Instituto Araldico Italiano," Heraldic Institute of Italy.

r~

HON. CHAS. AI.I'HONSK I'ANIALMON FKI.I.KTILK.

PAUL KKNKST SMITH.

HON. CHAS. ALPHONSE PAN- TALEON PELLETIEK, C.M.G., Q.C., P.C., Senator, Quebec, Que., was born at Riviere Ouelle, Que., Jan. 22nd, 1837. He was educated at the College of St. Anne de la Pocatiere and Laval University, graduating H.C.L. from the latter in 1858. He was admitted to the Bar January 2nd, 1860, and began practice in Quebec, where he was soon known as a lawyer of great ability. He was made Q.C. in 1879, and Batonnier of the Quebec Bar in 1892. He has been City Attorney for over twenty years, and has been three times President of St. Jean Baptiste Society. During the Fenian raid of 1866, he was in command of the Voltigeurs de Quebec. In 1869, 1872, and 1874 he was elected M.P. for Kamouraska Co. In 1877 he was taken into the Privy Council, and made Minister of Agriculture, but resigned on the defeat of the Liberal party the following year ; President of the Canadian Commission to the Paris Ex- position of 1878, and made a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. In 1877 he was called to the Senate of Canada.

76

MEN

CANADA.

VKRY REV. R. W. NORMAN, D.D., D.C.L.

REV. R. W. NORMAN, D.D., D.C.L., Dean of Quebec, was born at Bromley, Kent, England, April 24th, 1829. Dr. Norman was educated at King's Col- lege, London, Oxford University, and grad- uated B.A. in 1851, M.A. in 1853, ordained deacon in 1852, and priest the following year. He was for seven years classical mas- ter at Radley College, and six years head- master. He was then Principal of St. Michael's College, Tenbury, for six months. In 1866 he came to Canada, and was associ- ated with St. John the Evangelist's Church and school, Montreal, and afterwards ten years assistant to St. James' Church. He received his D.C.L. and D.D. from Bishop's College, Lennoxville, of which he is now Vice-Chancellor. He is now (1896) Dean of Quebec. Dr. Norman is an able writer and preacher, and was Canon Assistant of Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal, for three years. Among his published works are "Occasional Sermons," " School Sermons," etc. He takes a deep interest in education and art, was President of the Art Association, and Vice- President of Montreal Philharmonic Society.

JOSEPH JOLICCEUR,

Advocate, Quebec, Que., was born Sept. i4th, 1864, in that city. He is a son of Philippe Jolicceur, Q.C., an old and highly respected citizen of Quebec, once a leading politician, and at one time Assistant Provin- cial Secretary. Mr. Jolicceur was educated at Quebec Seminary and Laval University. He entered the law department of the latter in 1884, and, at the same time, the law office of Hon. J. E. Bosse. He was admitted to the Bar, July, 1887, and at once commenced practice on his own account, and is now surrounded with an extensive clientelle, and is recognized as a lawyer of more than ordi- nary ability. He commenced military life at the age of fourteen, and has been identified with several battalions. At the time of the Northwest Rebellion, in 1885, he was called to the front with the gth Battalion. He served during the whole campaign, and was subsequently appointed captain-adjutant of that battalion. In politics he is a Con- servative, an active campaign worker and fluent speaker. Mr. Jolicceur was married in 1894 to Miss Augusta Roy, of Somerset, Que.

PHILIPPE JOSEPH JOLIC<KUR.

MEN OF CANADA.

77

JOSEPH ISAAC- LA VERY, of the firm of Casgrain & La very, advocates, Quebec, was born, in 1849, at St. Jean Port Joli, L'Islet Coun- ty, Quebec. He is a son of Isaac Lavery, a native of Antrim, Ireland, who came to this country in 1832, the year of the cholera scourge. Shortly after his arrival here his parents contracted the disease and died, and left him an orphan but he was adopted by Mr. Edouard Corin of St. Jean Port Joli, and educated at that place. In 1848 he married Agnes Helanger, our subject being the eldest of a family of twelve children. Mr. Lavery was educated at the colleges of L'Islet and St. Anne de la Pocatiere, completing a full course of classics and mathematics at the latter. With the intention of enter- ing the priesthood he fol- lowed the study of theology for four years, taking the degree of Bachelor of Theology from Laval University. Ow- ing to ill-health, however, he abandoned theology, and refused ordination. He commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. J. G. Bosse, which con- tinued until the appointment of the lat- ter to the Bench in 1888. He then entered into partnership with the Hon. Th. C. Casgrain and Mr. C. Panet Angers, Q.C., the firm name being Casgrain, Angers & Lavery. Mr. Angers withdrew from the firm in 1895. Mr. Lavery is one of the ablest civil and commercial lawyers in the province. He has argued cases before the Su- preme Court of Canada, and has a long

record of successes, being deservedly popular with the profession and public generally. In politics he is a Conserva- tive, and has been offered candidature for both the Commons and Quebec Legislature, but has declined at all times to suffer the worry and excite- ment of a political campaign. He is a keen sportsman, an ardent fowler and fisher, and is president of the St. Roch Athletic Association, Quebec. Mr. Lavery was married on October 1 2th, 1 88 1, to Miss Mailloux, only daughter of J. A. Mailloux, a retired merchant of Quebec. His family consists of two daughters.

CANADA..

f

•I

. JEAN BLANCHET, Quebec, was born in February, 1843. He is a descendant of one of the oldest settlers of La Nou- velle, France, who came from Amiens, France, and was called Blanchet de Sormont. His father was C. Blanchet, N.P., of St. Francois, Que. Judge Blanchet was educated at Nicolet Col- lege, after which he followed the law course of Laval University. October 3rd, 1863, he was admitted to the Bar of Lower Canada, and began to prac- tise in partnership with Hon. H. E. Taschereau, now Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada. He was appointed a

Q.C. in 1876 by the Quebec Government, and reap- pointed as such by the Federal Government in 1880. He was three times elected Batonnier of Quebec Section, and Batonnier- General of the Bar of the Province in 1890. In poli- tics, a Liberal-Conservative. He was an unsuccessfulcan- didate for Beauce Co. in 1872, but in 1 88 1 was elect- ed by acclamation for the Provincial Legislature, and re-elected by acclamation after becoming Provincial Secretary, July 3ist, 1882. In 1884 he was appointed to the same office, and again in 1887. In 1886 and 1890 he was again elected M. P. P., and at the opening of the House at the latter session was appointed leader of Her Majesty's loyal Opposi- tion. September 2ist, 1891, he was named a Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for the Pro- vince of Quebec. Whilst leader of the Opposition the degree of Doctor of Law was conferred upon him and the Prime Minister, Mercier, by Laval University. Judge Blanchet is an honorary member of several societies, viz., L'Athenee Loui- sianais, the Historical Society of Mont- real, and the Geographical Society of Bordeaux, France. He was for many years President of the Asbestos Mining and Manufacturing Company of Can- ada, and of the Artizans' Permanent Building Society. He married, Aug. 5th, 1878, Jeanie, second daughter of Gen. S. Seymour, formerly of Washington, and twice State Engineer of New York. His family consists of three children.

MKN OK CANAIJA.

79

<:=

*_^

I UK LAVAL \< >UM.\I M llnoL, -^ of which Rev. Ahb£ Rouleau is principal, was founded in 1856 at the urgent request of the first Coun- cil of Bishops of the province. There is a section for men and another for women teachers-in-training. The staff consists of Rev. Principal Rouleau, Rev. Assistant A. Caron, and of Professors Lacasse, L£tourneau, Ahern, Magnan, Freve, Gagon, and Lefebvre. For forty years this institution has been a centre of pedagogic thought, and has done much through its graduates, hun- dreds of whom are members of religious teaching communities, teachers' meet- ings, and the " Enseigne- ment Primaire," to dissemi- nate sound pedagogic ideas, and to raise the standard of public instruction. Rev. Thomas Gregoire Rouleau was born at St. Laurent, Isle of Orleans, April 29th, 1851. His parents were Clement Rouleau and Hen- riette Gosselin. Abbe Rou- leau was educated at the Quebec Seminary, ordained priest, and named Vicaire of St. George, Heauce, Feb. 28th, 1874; assistant princi- pal of Laval Normal School, 1876 ; acting principal dur- ing the absence of Rev. Principal Lagace\ 1878 ; at his death in 1874 appointed teacher of philosophy, Latin, etc., by Rev. L. N. B£gin, the new principal, now co- adjutor Bishop of His Emi- nence Cardinal Taschereau ; 1888, promoted to the prin- cipalship of the Normal School on Abbd B6gin becoming Bishop of Chicou- timi ; 1891, delegated by Hon. Premier Mercier to

visit the principal European educational institutions, and induce Trappist Fathers of Bellefontaine, France, to found an establishment at Mistassini. A preacher of more than ordinary eloquence, an easy and elegant writer, an occasional contributor to the press, especially the " Enseignement Primaire"; author of a Catechism of School Law, president of the Board of Examiners for Teachers' Certificates, member of the Board of Examiners for School Inspectorships, Rev. Principal Rouleau is, above all, a diligent and successful teacher, and a well-known expert in all matters of education.

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CANADA.

IMEON LESAGE, Assistant Commissioner of Public Works, Quebec, One., was born at L'Epiphanie, Que. His father was Simeon LeSage, while his mother was Adeline Desautels. Mr. LeSage was educated at the College of L'Assomption, and studied law under Sir George Cartier. He was admitted to the Bar in 1857, and began his pro- fession with the Hon. Hector Fabre and Hon. Justice Jette as partners. In 1860 he removed to Montreal, where he continued his profession until 1887. He then became Conservative candi- date for the House of Assembly in

Montcalm, but was defeated. Shortly afterwards, at the request of Hon. Mr. Chauveau, Premier of the province, he was appointed Assistant Commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works, which gave him control of agriculture, colonization, immigration, and public works. Mr. LeSage occupied that position until 1889, when the depart- ment was divided, the late Mgr. La- belle being appointed for agriculture and colonization, and Mr. LeSage re- taining public works. In 1886, owing largely to the efforts of Mr. LeSage, the Canadian Herd Book was estab- lished by an Act of the Legislature, and since that time Canadian cattle and horses have had their place in the official prize lists of our exhibitions. In recognition of his services in promoting the dairy in- dustry, he was elected Hon- orary President of the Pro- vincial Dairymen's Associa- tion, which he held until 1889. Having strong faith in the Lake St. John and Saguenay territory for col- onization purposes, he dis- played most of his zeal in that direction, and succeed- ed in getting the Govern- ment to make the Lake St. John and Chicoutimi coun- ties what they are at the present day. He published a book, some years ago, which attracted much atten- tion (both in French and English), entitled "La Pro- vince de Quebec d'Emigra- tion Europeenne." Mr. La- Sage married, in 1863, Miss Adine, daughter of Henry Pemberton, Esq. She died in 1874, leaving one son and three daughters still living.

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81

THOMAS BOOMER,

General Manager of the Quebec street railway, was born August 1 8th, 1848, in that city. He is a son of the late Lieut.-Colonel John Boomer, Assistant City Treasurer, and in his day one of the most influential men of the Ancient Capital. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Thompson, daugh- ter of Thomas Thompson, of the North of Ireland, who fought in the Irish rebellion of 1802. Our subject was educated at the Quebec High School under the late Daniel Wilkie. At the age of twenty- four he commenced the pursuit of agriculture in the vicinity of

Quebec, which he followed successfully on a high -class basis for twelve years. In 1 88 1 he entered the offices of the Quebec Street Railway Co. as head bookkeeper, and remained in that capa- city for eight years, when he was ap- pointed general manager, succeeding Mr. Samuel Moore, who died in 1889. Mr. Boomer has since filled this impor- tant office with recognized ability, and is considered one of the shrewd, far- seeing business men of to-day. He is a good manager of men, a clever financier, straightforward in business matters, and has the respect of his fellow-citizens.

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THE LATE HON. JAMES GIBB •*- ROSS, Senator, Quebec, Que., was born April i8th, 1819, at Carluke, Lanarkshire, Scotland, where he was educated. In early life he located in Quebec city, where he en- gaged in business as merchant, ship- owner, etc., for nearly fifty years, be- coming one of the best known business men and most highly esteemed citizens of the Ancient Capital. The long and honorable career of Mr. Ross is marked by those characteristics so necessary to obtain respect and command success in the trying pioneer days in which he made his mark. At that time the diffi-

culties of commercial life called out the best that was in men, and those who succeeded were indeed "survivals of the fittest." Within such environments our subject made and sustained his en- viable record. In politics he was a Conservative, for some years the stand- ard-bearer for his constituency, and afterwards an honored member of the Senate of Canada. In religion he was a Presbyterian, and an elder in Chal- mers' Church, Quebec. He was also president of Quebec Bank, Quebec and Lake St. John Railway Co., and director in several other companies. Mr. Ross died October ist, 1888.

MEN OF CANADA.

I ' >KGK WILLIAM LACHAINK DIT JOUCCKUR, M.I)., Que- bec, was born at Quebec, April 28th, 1859. He is the son of William JoliccL-ur and Emelandre LaBreque. His father had a large family, to whom he gave a good edu- cation. In 1870 our subject entered the Seminary of Quebec, and terminated his course of study in 1 879. He passed his bachelorships, and made a brilliant examina- tion for admission to the study of medicine. He then entered Laval University, where he had as patron Dr. L. A. Catellier, and as pro- fessors Urs. Sewell, Jackson, Lemieux, Catellier, and La Rue, making a special study of chemistry, industrial and analytical. In 1883 he grad- uated with distinction. After a month of rest, he opened his office at St. Sauveur, Quebec, and after a little while was possessed of one of the finest practices of the city. At the municipal elec- tions of 1890 he was elected alderman for St. Valier Ward. This was con- trary to his tastes, but having been elected he set to work to do the best possible. He was elected president of the Board of Health; and, being a physician, knew how to act in this office. He completely reorganized the Board, and finally made this committee one of the most important of the city government. His term of office having expired, he then went to New York for three months to the Polyclinic, to study the diseases of women, troubles of the chest, and medical electricity, under Professors Wyeth, Gerster, Munde\

Wylie, Simms, etc., etc., and has also kept up his studies privately in this line ever since. At intervals he has contributed to several reviews and jour- nals, both scientific and medical, among which may be mentioned the Medical Brief, Journal of Gynaecology, 7 he Commercial Weekly, etc., etc. Dr. Jolicoeur is a great sportsman ; takes great pride in horses, and possesses some of the best in the district. He was married in 1883 to Mary Virginie Rochette. His family consists of two sons and five daughters, living. In politics he is a Liberal, and a great admirer of Hon. W. Laurier.

CANADA.

A/TATTHEW AYLWARD

L\ I HEARN, Q.C., Quebec, was ^ born May 8th, 1833, in that city. He is a son of Patrick Hearn, a native of County Wexford, Ireland, and Ann Aylward, a native of Newfound- land. The former was one of the few Irishmen identified with the patriots of 1837, and a life-long Liberal. Mr. Hearn was educated at Quebec. He was admitted to practice May 8th, 1855, subsequently articled to some of the most eminent legal firms in the province, and rapidly rose to distinction. His services were retained in many impor- tant criminal cases, in all of which he

was victorious. In 1872 he formed a partnership with Hon. T. Fournier (after- wards Judge of the Supreme Court of Canada). He pre- pared two important briefs for the Privy Council of England, in the cases of Maclaren and Connolly, in both of which he was suc- cessful. He was a member of the City Council for twelve years, and did much for the welfare of his city. He is a staunch supporter of the old Liberal party, and has taken a prominent part in every election in Quebec since 1855, sacrificing time and money for his party. As a hustings speaker he has few equals, and is one of the most learned members of the legal profession in the province. Mr. Hearn was married, Nov. 5th, 1855, to Miss Margaret Whelan, of Quebec. He has had a family of nine children, of whom one son and two daughters survive. Mrs. Hearn died May 2oth, 1884. ist, 1868, he was elected

On May

Batonnier of the Quebec Bar, and on the 3Oth of the same month was elected Batonnier-General of the province. He is an honorary member of the New York Medico- Legal Society, an oblate of the Congregation of the Most Holy Re- deemer (Redemptorils). He was presi- dent of the Home Rule League of Quebec two years, and of the Irish National Association for three years. He was a candidate for the Commons for Quebec West at the general elec- tions of 1887 and 1891, opposing Thos. McGreevy, but was defeated by very small majorities.

MEN OK CANAOA.

»5

JOSEPH THADKE LACHANCE, in-

•-^ spector of the French Department for the Manufacturers' Life Insurance Co., was born Jan. I7th, 1855, at Kamouraska, Que. His parents were Joseph T. Lachance and Marie S. Michauci. Mr. Lachance was educated at Levis College, where he com- pleted a full commercial course. In 1870 he began as a grocery clerk, and continued for seven years. He then went to Beauce Gold Mines, and started asgeneral merchant, carry- ing on a thriving trade for six years. In 1886 he identified himselfwith the house of Leclerc & Letellier, remaining with them until 1893, when he withdrew to accept the important position of Inspector of Agencies for the Manufacturers' Life, which position he has since filled with marked ability. He is a thorough master of the details and techni- calities of life insurance, and is acknow- ledged as one of the most able men in the company. Mr. Lachance was married June loth, 1878, to Miss Marie Lea Zoe Roy, of Levis, sister of Rev. Father EliasKoy, of Levis College. His family consists of four sons and one daughter. He resides in thecity of Quebec.

JOSEPH THADEE LACHANCE.

HON. A. B. ROUTHIER.

-1TON.A. B ROUTHIER, LL.D.,Lit.D., v» F.R.S.C., Judge of the Superior Court, Quebec, was born in May, 1839, near Montreal. In 1858 he commenced the study of law, was admitted to the Bar in i86i,and began practice in Kamouraska, soon becom- ing famous. He also became known as a bril- liant writer in magazines and journals, on political, literary, and religious topics. In 1869 he was the Conservative candidate for Kamouraska Co. for the Commons, and also in 1872, but was defeated by small majorities. He was made a Q.C. in 1872, and appointed to the Bench in 1873. He has published the following books : "Causeriesdu Dimanche," 1871 ; " Portraits et Pastels Litteraires," 1872; "A travers L'Europe," 2 vols., 1876- 78; "En Canot," 1880; " Les Echos." poetry, 1882; "A travers L'Espagne," 1884; "Conferences et Discours," 1890 ; " Les Grands Drames," 1890; " De Quebec a Victoria," 1893, besides numerous con- tributions to Parisian and Canadian liter- ature, all of which have been well received. He has visited Europe, Africa, and made several tours on the American Continent.

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CANADA.

J. N. ST. PIERRE.

JN. ST. PIERRE, boot and shoe manufacturer, St. Roch, Quebec, was born June igth, 1845, at that place. He was educated at the Christian Brothers' Academy, Quebec, and at the age of fifteen entered a dry goods house there as clerk, where he remained nine years. He then entered the employ of the late G. Bresse, the great boot and shoe manufacturer, as head bookkeeper. He filled this position for thirteen years, and in 1883 started manu- facturing for himself, forming a partnership with Messrs. Lortie & Clapin. In a few months Mr. Lortie withdrew, and the firm name was changed to St. Pierre & Clapin. This partnership lasted for three years. On the death of Mr. Clapin, Mr. St. Pierre took full control of the extensive factory which now bears his name. He is one of the most substantial and thrifty men of Quebec. His honorable career has been marked by those characteristics which invariably command success, and his present standing is no sur- prise. Mr. St. Pierre was married in 1871 to Miss Eleonore Grenier, of Quebec, His family consists of two daughters.

lEUT.-COL. CHARLES EDWARD MONTIZAMBERT, Royal Cana- dian Artillery, commanding at Quebec, was born January 27th, 1841, in Quebec. He is descended from a French family of note, and of Pierre Boucher, Governor of Three Rivers in 1622. Col. Montizambert was educated at Upper Canada College, Toronto. In 1860 he entered the volunteer service, two years later transferred to the Quebec Garrison Artillery, and later on appointed adjutant. In 1871 he accepted the position of captain of B Battery of permanent artillery about to be raised in Quebec, continuing until 1878; then ranked as major until 1882, when he was made commandant with rank of lieuten- ant-colonel. In 1885 he was called to the front in connection with the Northwest rebellion, leading the first corps, consisting of A and B Batteries of Canadian Artillery, around the north shore of Lake Superior, joining Gen. Middleton at Fort Qu'Appelle. He saw active service at the battles of Fish Creek and Batoche. Col. Montizambert was married in 1857 to Miss Alice Lawson, youngest daughter of Jarnes Gibb, merchant, Quebec.

LIEUT. -COL, CHARLES EDWARD MONTJZAMPERT.

MKN

FLOOD, manager of the Cape Rouge Pier and Wharf Company, of Quebec, Que., was born in 1841, in the County of Wexford, Ireland. He is a son of James Flood and Mary Stafford, the former one of the old and highly re- spected citizens of that part of Ireland. Mr. Flood came to Canada with his parents at the age of eight years, and settled in Quebec, where he has since resided. Here he received his educa- tion at the public and private schools. Farly in life he entered the employ of a prominent lumber firm, to learn that business. He served eight years with W. Walker, Esq., and after- wards two years with the late John Fitzpatrick, lum- ber merchant. In 1861 he entered the service of the Cape Rouge Pier and Wharf Co., as shipper, which posi- tion he held until 1893, when he took full manage- ment of the entire business. The Cape Rouge Pier and Wharf Co. is one of the oldest established and most substantial firms in Quebec; and under his skilful man- agement must even yet in- crease in influence and capacity. Mr. Flood is con- sidered one of the shrewd and far-seeing business men of the Ancient Capital, and is a complete master of all details connected with the lumber trade. For three years he has been the acting agent for all the great lum- ber corporations of Ottawa, also of Quebec, and agent for the Collins' Bay For- warding Co. In addition to the above, he also carries on a thriving lumber busi-

CANADA.

ness on his own account during the winter months. In politics Mr. Flood is an Independent; now supporting one side, and again the other. He takes an active part in every election campaign, however, and his influence is always felt for the good of the party he supports. In religion, Mr. Flood is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He was married in 1869 to Miss Mary Ann Donohue, of Quebec. His family con- sists of four daughters and three sons, living. One daughter is married to W. C. Mac Key, son of the well-known William Mac Key, lumber merchant, Ottawa.

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^TERBERT MOLESWORTH ^jH PRICE, lumber merchant,

^® Montmorency Falls, Quebec, was born August 3 ist, 1847, at Benhall, near Ross, Herefordshire, England. His father was the late William Price, gentleman, of that place. Mr. Price was educated at private schools at Here- ford and Upper Norwood, Surrey. He entered the service of the West of Eng- land and South Wales District Bank, Ross, in 1864; in 1869 accepted an appointment in the Bank of British North America, London, England. He then came to Canada in the service of that bank, and was at Montreal, St.

John, N.B., Halifax, N.S., New York, Hamilton, Kingston, Brantford, Dunn- ville, and Quebec. In 1879 he became manager of the Quebec branch of the Merchants' Bank of Canada, which he held until March, 1884, when he became partner of the firm of Hall Bros., of the Montmorency Sawmills. After several changes, Mr. Price bought the out- standing interests in 1892, and continued under the style of H. M. Price & Co. This firm now does a very extensive business, and operates at many different points in Quebec province. Mr. Price has been president of St. George's Society of Quebec, vice-president of the Quebec Board of Trade, and is now also a vice-president of Champlain Monument Committee. He was a di- rector of the Quebec Bridge Co. and La Banque Nation- ale, and is at present vice- president of the Riverside Manufacturing Co., Mont- morency, of the Montmor- ency Cotton Manufacturing Co., and director of Mont- morency Electric Power Co., Quebec Warehouse Co., Louise Wharfage and Ware- house Co., besides holding several other offices, and being a J. P. In religion he is a member of the Church of England; and when living in Quebec city took an ac- tive interest in the English cathedral there, and served for some years on the select vestry. In politics he is a Conservative. Mr. Price was married in 1877 to S. A. Martha, daughter of the late George B. Hall, of Montmorency Ealls. His family consists of two sons and two daughters, living.

MKN OK CANADA.

T^DWARI) HARPER J\ WADE, timber ^<^ merchant, Quebec, Que., was born, Sept 25th, 1846, in Liverpool, England. His father was Samuel Mosley Wade, and his grandfather Samuel Wade, both cotton brokers. His mother was a daughter of the late Richard Harper, of Low Hill, Liverpool. Mr. Wade entered the office of Messrs. Sharpies & Co., in his native town, at the age o'f fifteen. Eight years later he was transferred to their Quebec office, and remained with them until 1877, visiting England each winter, and taking an ac- tive part in their business as salesman. He then took a similar position with Messrs. Roberts, Smith & Co., and remained with that firm, with a percentage on the profits of the busi- ness, until Mr. Joseph Roberts retired in 1880, when he was taken into partnership with Mr. R. H. Smith. The firm was then continued for six years under the style of Smith, Wade £ Co. Mr. Smith retiring, Mr. H. T. Walcot, for nine years a partner with Messrs. John Brustall & Co., joined him in the firm. In 1890 the business was absorbed by that of the McArthur Brothers Company, Limited, of Toronto, whose timber production they had pre- viously purchased. Mr. Wade became Quebec manager of the company, and continues to occupy this position, Mr. Walcot acting as their agent in the United Kingdom. Mr. Wade was mar- ried in 1874.10 Margaret, eldest daugh- ter of Mr. John Simons, of Quebec.

His family consists of five children, two sons and two daughters, living. In re- ligion he is a member of the Church of England, but has the broadest possible views on all religious matters. Mr. Wade has achieved marked success as a com- mercial man. and his career has been marked by steady industry and strict integrity throughout. In politics he has not taken an active part, except to record his vote for honest and capable govern- ment, but is a firm believer in the policy of freeing and encouraging trade, and perpetuating the position of the Domin- ion as an integral portion of the Em- pire.

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lEVEREND EDMUND WIL- LOUGHBY SEWELL, M.A., incumbent of the Chapel of the Holy Trinity, Quebec, was of U.E. Loyalist descent, and born at Quebec, Sept. 3rd, 1800. He was a son of the Hon. Jonathan Sewell, Chief Justice of Lower Canada, whose father was last British Attorney-General of Massachusetts ; and Harriet, daughter of the Hon. William Smith, Chief Jus- tice of New York, and afterwards of Canada. Mr. Sewell was educated at Mr. Burrage's School, Quebec, and in 1814-16 at Brentford, Middlesex, Eng- land. Studying for the Church of

England 'Ministry, he was ordained deacon in 1824, at the Cathedral, Quebec, by Bishop Jacob Mountain, and Presbyter, 1827, in the same Cathedral by Bishop Stew- art. Mr. Sewell was curate at the Cathedral for some years. Chief Justice Sewell having built the chapel of the Holy Trinity, founded 1824, as a chapel of ease to the Cathedral, Mr. Sewell officiated there as well, and in 1834 was appointed min- ister of that church. He continued there until Dec., 1868, when it became the Garrison Chapel. After that he went to England in 1870, and, passing some time on the Continent, returned to Quebec, 1879, where he re- sided until death, Oct., 1890. He received the degree of M.A. from Bishop's College, Lennoxville, in 1864. For many years he was vice- president of the Bible So- ciety, and took great inter- est in everything connected with the Evangelical cause. Mr. Sewell was very active in his younger days in connection with the Gaol, Orphans' Home, Hospital, Church, and other societies. He married Nov. 1 2th, 1828, a niece of Bishop Stewart, of Quebec, Susan, daughter of the Hon. Montgomerie J. G. Stewart, of Corsbie, Wigtonshire, a son of the 7th Earl of Galloway. She died in 1839, leaving four sons and one daughter. Mr. Sewell married secondly, Oct. 24th, 1842, at Montreal, Elizabeth, daughter of Lieutenant-General Elias Walker Durnford, R.E., constructor of Quebec Citadel. She died in October, i> leaving one son,

MEN OP CANAOA

EUGENE liTIENNE i TACHtf, Quebec, 5 Assistant Commis- sioner of Crown Lands for the Province of Quebec, Provincial Land Surveyor for Upper and Lower Can- ada, and Architect, was born at St. Thomas, Mont- magny County, Que., 241)1 October, 1836. His father was the Hon. Sir Etienne Paschal Tach£, one of the fathers of Confederation ; and his mother Sophie Mor- ency. On both sides Mr. Tache is descended from old and distinguished French families, who were promi- nent in the early history of Lower Canada. He re- ceived his education at the Seminary of Quebec, and at Upper Canada College, To- ronto. In 1862 he held a Captain's Commission in the Chasseurs Canadiens in Quebec, and after his tem- porary removal to Ottawa was for a time lieutenant in the Civil Service Rifle Corps. In 1 869 he received the appointment of Assistant Commis- sioner of Crown Lands for the Province of Quebec, and has done excellent work in this capacity, thus showing himself fully qualified to fill the office. As a surveyor he has had considerable experience. For eighteen months, while studying this branch of his pro- fession under Walter Shanley, C\E.. he was engaged on the survey of the Ottawa Ship Canal. As an architect, too, he has had valuable experience, having acted in this capacity during the erection of the Quebec Parliamentary Buildings, and of the Quebec Drill Hall. He was also the designer of the

handsome facades on the new Court House in Quebec. In the midst of his various duties he has devoted some time to travel, and in 1867 visited Britain, France, and Italy. He is the author of " Maps of the Province of Quebec," of which he issued three edi- tions, the first in 1870, the second in 1880, and the third in 1893. In religion Mr. Tache is a Roman Catholic. He has been married twice : first, in July. 1859, to (). Eleonore Bender ; and, second, to Clara J. Duchesnay, daugh- ter of the late Hon. Antoine Juchereau Duchesnay, Senator. His family con- sists of five children.

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OK CANADA.

JAMES MACPHERSON LE MOINE was born at Quebec in 1825. On the paternal side he hails from one of the oldest and best known Canadian families, his ancestor, Jean Le Moine, of Pistres, near Rouen, in Normandy — according to the his- torian Ferland, a near relative of Charles Le Moyne, Baron de Longue- uil — was the seignior of three fiefs : La Noraye, Ste. Marie, and Gastineau. He had landed at Quebec about 1655. We subsequently find his descendants at Boucherville, at Montreal, and finally at Quebec. His mother was a daughter of Daniel MacPherson, a staunch U. E.

Loyalist, who left Philadel- phia in 1 783, settled first at Sorel, next at Douglastown, Gaspe, where he realized a small fortune, enabling him to acquire, in 1803, from the heirs de Beaujeu the pictur- esque islands opposite Mont- magny, occupying for sev- eral decades the seigniorial manor of the warlike de Beaujeu family at Crane Island. The subject of this notice spent his early youth under the hospitable roof of Seignior MacPherson (whose name he took), at Crane Island and at Mont- magny, until he entered col- lege for a classical course in 1838. The dual origin of this writer is quite apparent in the series of English and French works published by him since 1860. Two stud- ies specially seem to have claimed his attention. To them, in fact, he devoted, one may say, his whole long literary career : "Popular Ornithology," which soon had to make place for what has made his name known far and wide, "Canadian History." There are few Canadian writers so well known and more read in Canada and the United States. In recognition of his literary abilities many societies, at home and abroad, have conferred on him their highest honors. We append a list of his works, and also a list of the honors conferred on him, until he reached the supreme distinction of President of the Royal Society of Canada in 1895. Mr. Le Moine is a barrister by profession, and holds also a commission as lieutenant-colonel in the Sedentary Militia.

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CANADA.

93

\ T- f

•- jf, .T- -T.

HISTORICAL WORKS

OF

J. M. LK MOINE

f

>i~ \l

QUEHEC, PAST AND PRESENT, 1876. 600 pages.

PICTURESQUE QUEBEC. A cyclopaedia of Quebec History, 1882. 500 pages.

CHRONICLES OF THE ST. LAWRENCE, 1878. 350 pages.

MAPLE LEAVES. Sketches, 1863.

MAPLE LEAVES. Battlefields, 1864.

MAPLE LEAVES. Country Seats, 1865.

MAPLE LEAVES. Legends, 1873.

MAPLE LEAVES. Explorations on the Lower St. Lawrence, 1889.

MAPLE LEAVES. Literature, History, Ornithology, 1894.

THE SCOT IN NEW FRANCE. An Eth- nological Essay. Read before the Literary and Historical Society.

HISTORICAL AND SPORTING NOTES, on Environs of Quebec. 5th edition.

MONOGRAPHIES ET ESQUISSES, 1885.

500 pages.

CHASSE ET PECHE. Sport, 1887. 300 pages.

LES OISEAUX DU CANADA, 1860-1. 350 pages.

L'ALBUM DU TOURISTE, 1872. 390

pages.

A series of Essays, Memoirs, Historical, Bibliographical, Ethnographical, etc., in "Transactions of the Royal Society," 1882-1895.

•T- -T- -T- ^T5""-^"^ -T- ^ ^ -T» -^ -T- -T- "J

DIPLOMAS IIKI.II MY J. M. LE MOINK

PRESIDENT ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA.

L'Institut Canadien, Quebec, 1849. Literary and Historical Society, Quebec,

1860.

La Societd Historiquede Montreal, 1860, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1870. New England Historic, Genealogical

Society, 1875. State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

1877. Institution Ethnographique de Prance,

1880.

Massachusetts Historical Society, 1880. Soci^te Am^ricaine de France, 1880. New Brunswick Historical Society, 1880. Socie"t£ Royale du Canada — French

Section, 1882. Royal Society of Canada — English

Section, 1882.

American Historical Association, 1882. The Audubon Society of New York.

1886. Paris Societ^ d' Historic Diplomatique,

1887.

Institut Canadien of New York, 1888. The Society of Canadian Literature,

Montreal, 1890. Natural History Society of Montreal,

1890.

American Philosophical Society. Phila- delphia, 1890. International Ornithological Congress

of Buda-Pesth, Hungary, 1891. New York Genealogical and Biographi- cal Society, 1891. Trinity Historical Society. Dallas,

Texas, 1891. Lincoln Historical Society. Wiscasset,

Maine, 1894. American F"olk-Lore Society, Montreal,

1894.

94

CANADA.

WILLIAM CHAPMAN, poet and prose writer, was born at St. Francis, Beauce, Que., December i4th, 1850. His father is G. W. Chapman, and his mother was Caroline Angers. He is a first cousin of Hon. A. R. Angers, ex-Minister of Agriculture, and comes of a well-known French family. He was educated at Levis College, and entered the Military School in 1868. Later on he studied law at Laval University. In 1876 he published a volume of French poetry, "Les Quebec (quoises)", and in 1881 a pamphlet on the gold mines of Beauce. He entered journalism in 1883, and

passed six years with La Minerve, Montreal. In 1890 he published a second volume of poetry, " Les Feuilles d'Erable," which placed him in the first rank of Canadian writers. The same year he was appointed to the Provincial Secretary's Department, Quebec. In 1894 he published two volumes of criti- cism, " Le Laureat" and "Les Deux Copains." Critics believe that he is the coming poet of Quebec province. In religion Mr. Chapman is a Roman Catholic ; in politics a Conservative. Since 1892 he has been registrar of the Attorney -General's Department, Quebec.

MEN OP CANADA.

]V/| ICHAEL FISET, M. I). L., jL\ I Public Analyst, Quebec, Out'., ^^ was born in Ancicnne Lor- etto, Que., October 2gth, 1846. He was educated at Quebec Seminary, and entered upon the study of medicine in Laval in 1869, and in 1873 graduated with highest honors, carrying off the Morin and Sewell medals.

He commenced practice in Quebec the same year, and was physician to the Sacred Heart Hospital for twelve years, but was obliged to abandon this charge on account of his large private practice.

In 1882 he was made Public Analyst for the District of Quebec, which im- portant trust he has since filled with recognized ability.

He is senior major of the 8yth Bat- talion of Canadian Militia, and during the memorable Fenian troubles of 1866 was called to the front, where, at that critical period in our young nation's history, so many of his French-Cana- dian compatriots so gallantly and re- solutely assisted in defeating the enemy, and, for all time, stamped themselves as loyal to Queen and country. He was mayor and president of the School Board of St. Sauveur before its annex- ation to Quebec city in 1889. Since then he has been alderman for St. Valier Ward, and has been instru- mental in improving the place. He was president of St. Jean Baptiste Society in 1880 and 1892 ; and also organized the Quebec branch of the C.M.B.A. in 1889.

In private life, Dr. Fiset is much es- teemed for his many good qualities of head and heart. He was married in 1876 to Mary Anne Rochette, daughter of the late Albert Rochette, of Quebec ; and in 1896 (second marriage) to Maria Heloise Zelia Lefebvre, daughter of Feu Louis Lefebvre, of Pointe aux Trembles.

JOHN DOMINICK GRACE, journalist, Ottawa, was born Sept. 1 3th, 1865, in Carleton County, Ont. He received his early education in a log schoolhouse, and afterwards attended the High School. His father was a man of great force of character, and his mother a lady of re- finement and culture.

When sixteen years of age, Mr. Grace entered the office of The Herald ^ Carleton Place. While there, during the illness of the editor, young Grace was asked to assume his position. In those days this paper was bitterly anti- Irish, and it so happened that, while the novice editor was in charge, the whole Irish party, led by Parnell, was expelled from the House of Commons by the Gladstone Government. This fact aroused our subject's blood, and he wrote a fierce article denouncing the Gladstone Government. An article of this nature, coming from The Herald office, was such a surprise that an in- vestigation was made, with the result that the day following the issue Mr. Grace was an ex-editor.

He then removed to Ottawa, and after serving some time as a reporter and writer on The Daily Press he, with Rev. Dr. Coffey, founded United Can- ada, which is now recognized as the leading exponent of Irish Catholic opinion in the Dominion. In 1880 Mr. Grace purchased his partner's in- terest, and became editor-in-chief, with many clever theologians still on th'e editorial staff. Mr. Grace is a forcible speaker as well as a brilliant writer. United Canada was the only Catholic paper in Canada to support the Conmee Bill, when before the Ontario Legisla- ture, making the use of the ballot op- tional in Separate School elections. He was president of St. Patrick's Literary Society for some years, and councillor in Gladstone branch of the Irish League.

96

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CANADA.

JOHN MAXIMILIAN MACKAY, C.M., M.D., Governor of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec, proprietor of Belmont Retreat Ine- briate Home, Quebec, was born in 1852, at St. Eustache, Que. He is a son of the late Stephen MacKay, M.P., and of Euchar- ist Pinet. On both sides he is descended from families of note and distinction, among whose connections have been some of the most celebrated men of the province. Dr. MacKay was educated at the College of Ste. Therese, where he completed a full classical course. He then entered Laval University, where he followed the study of medicine for three years, completing his course at Bishop's University, graduating with high honors and the degrees of M.D., C.M., in 1874. He then commenced practice in Quebec city, at the same time opening a drug store. In 1887 he purchased the famous Belmont Retreat for the cure of inebriates, which is one of the best known of its kind in Canada. Dr. MacKay married, in 1875, Josephine, daugh- ter of Joseph De Blois, in his day known for his integrity and interest in the public weal.

JOHN MAXIMILIAN MACKAY, C.M., M.D.

HORATIO GEORGE GOODDAY.

slTORATIO GEORGE GOODDAY, vs> Quebec, ex-lumber merchant, was born July i8th, 1843, in London, Eng. His parents were Dr. Horatio Goodday, author of several medical and sanitary works, and Charlotte (Augusta (Field) Goodday. He received his education at Merchant Taylor's School, London, and at Versailles, France. In 1862 he entered a ship-broker's office, London, and three years later the office of Baltic merchants in that city. In 1872 he located at Havre de Grace, France, and built up an extensive business on the conti- nent in Swedish and Russian lumber, and helped in introducing into France Canadian spruce and Southern pitchpine. In 1882 his increasing business caused his removal to Paris, and in 1886 he opened an office in London. In 1890 he came to Quebec, where he engaged with Mr. Ernest Benson in the export lumber trade. In 1894 this partnership was dissolved, and he is now assisting in the lumber business of his eldest son. He was married in 1872 to Jane, daughter of Rev. H. Richardson, of Leek, Staffordshire, Eng.

MEN OP CANAOA.

97

BELMONT RETREAT, Quebec, Que., John M. Mackay, C.M., M.D., proprietor. This hospital for inebriates, supplied with every requirement for the treatment and comfort of patients, is delightfully situated on St. Foye Road, within two miles and a half of the city of Quebec. The building, originally intended for the country seat of one of the wealth- iest officials of the colony, has been enlarged and in every way adapted to the purposes for which it is now used. The grounds are thirty-five acres in extent, of which about half forms a beautifully wooded park, or-

chard, and gardens, affording every facility for outdoor exercise and amuse- ment. The rooms and halls are lofty and spacious; the accommodation, in- cluding drawing room, reading room, and billiard room, is complete in all respects, and the furniture and equip- ment leave nothing to be desired. The management is in the hands of an experienced physician, and is carried on with a view to the cure and care of the patients, with every regard to their comfort and happiness, and to securing seclusion from the outer world and absolute privacy as to their con- dition and residence.

COMPILED FROM

MONTREAL AFTER TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY YEARS," by W. D. LlGHTHALL, M.A. By permission of the publishers, MESSRS. GRAFTON & SONS.

"T^ROM time immemorial this has been a centre of human life. History opens with a village or town in full view. When Jacques Cartier landed in 1535 he found a walled village of some 1,500 souls, a race of Indians living by fishing and rude agriculture. Their language and condition of peace show that they were the people from whom afterwards came the two hostile nations, the Iroquois and the Hurons. The next white man to arrive was Samuel de Champlain, the founder and first Governor of Canada in 1611. On the 28th of May of that year he was greatly impressed with the site, and at once selected it for a city. His Excellency also did much toward laying out the first settlement, and imparting inspira- tion to the few people who were to make the first pages of Montreal history. The remembrance of the city being begun and planned by this grand man throws a halo about the scene which it would not have otherwise received. The pioneer settlement and colonization of Montreal really began in 1642 by a few zealous souls who, combining the martyr and crusader spirit, acquired the island and entered upon the spiritual con- quest of the place. These were shortly augmented by nearly threescore of worthy colonists who arrived seeking a home in the new world. For more than a quarter of a century these settlers could not leave their limits without danger from the powerful Iroquois with whom the French were at war.

In those troublesome times the death of

some member of the little community was

98

of frequent occurrence, and many spots in the city can still be pointed out as the scenes of heartrending tragedies. It was not until 1701 that a treaty was made which terminated the terrible Indian wars and secured to the harassed settlers a rest from their long and constant vigilance. During the next three-quarters of a century the section of country of which Montreal was the chief centre passed through many changes which helped or retarded its pro- gress according to the evolution of the times. However, toward the close of that period fate seems to have been propitious, and civilization made more rapid strides. The embryo city had donned town clothes, and with a population of 5,000 successfully sustained the reputation of being only second among Canadian towns, and nearly as large and populous as Quebec. The streets were regular, forming an oblong square, the houses well built, especially the public buildings, which were splendid and commodious structures. There were many beauty spots both within and without the gates, in the way of tastefully arranged gar- dens and beautiful plantations. The inhab- itants were much given to pleasure, and had a great fondness for finery and dress. From the number of powdered heads, laced coats, and silk sacks to be seen in the streets, a stranger would think the place was largely inhabited by people of independent fortunes. The town was well supplied with abundance of desirable river fish, while every variety of game in season was easily obtained. There was likewise no lack of cattle, horses, hogs,

MBN OK CANADA.

and poultry, which supplied the channels of food and commerce. For several decades following this time of peace and plenty the country was in a transition state, passed through American occupation, and slowly, but surely, developed commercially and numerically. About 1810 the population reached 12,000, and Montreal began to give more pronounced evidence of her coming greatness. About this time the first steam- boat was launched on the Hudson by one Fulton. Two years later the Honorable John Molson launched the "Accommoda- tion," the first steamer on the St. Lawrence River, for service between Montreal and Quebec.

The Lachine Canal was begun in 1821. It was first constructed five feet deep, forty-eight feet wide at the water line, and twenty-eight feet at the bottom. This then apparently inadequate channel was wider and deeper than any English work of similar kind, and was considered a very superior piece of work. The great Victoria bridge crossing the St. Lawrence just above the harbor was publicly inaugurated by the Prince of Wales in 1860. It is without doubt the greatest specimen of engineering skill to be found in the world. The con- ception of the structure originated with the late Honorable John Young, and the bridge itself was designed by Robert Stephenson, the celebrated English engineer. It is two miles long, and cost $7,000,000. These and other modern undertakings mark the later progress of the great city of Montreal, which to-day (1896) has a population of 300,000, and stands at the head of Canadian wealth and grandeur. This great centre has become famous on account of its business activity, the cosmopolitan aspect of its languages and population, its historic souvenirs and magni- ficent situation. In these respects it has been rightly termed the Alexandria of the West. Rolling majestically past it is the mighty St. Lawrence, two miles in width, carrying down to the Gulf one-third of the

fresh waters of the globe. In the rear rises picturesque Mount Royal, clad in foliage, and its recesses full of beautiful views and drives, while about the city lies the island, fertile and beautiful in its abounding ham- lets, bays, and watering places. Commer- cially speaking, Montreal has always been the metropolis of Canada. Although more than six hundred miles from the sea, it is practically seated at the head of ocean navigation, and extends its sway over the greater portion of the North American con- tinent.

It is connected with Duluth, Chicago, and interior continental cities by the great lake and canal system. It is the head- quarters of the two gigantic railway lines, the Canadian Pacific and the Grand Trunk, which give it a highway from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. Fifty years ago the ship- ping trade, founded on the ancient barter system, amounted to about 32,000 tons an- nually. Now (1896) it is over 2,000,000 tons, which is pretty evenly divided between ocean-going and inland vessels. The pres- ent number of its transatlantic lines is fifteen, and the capital of its combined banking institutions about $44,000,000. The city proper occupies about 70,000 acres, and, ac- cording to street vernacular, is divided into " Uptown " and " Downtown." The popu- lation consists chiefly of three great race- divisions, which practically harmonize with their religious boundaries, the English (60.- ooo) inhabiting mainly the West end ; French ($150,000), located principally in the Eastend, but spreading over a considerable portion of the lower levels of the West end ; the Roman Catholic Irish (numbering 40,000) inhabiting " Grififintown," west of McGill street.

The most desirable residential quarter is the West end, more particularly around and above Sherbrooke street, although Pine and Cedar avenues, on Mount Royal, are likely to become even more desirable as sites for homes of wealth and refinement. The

CANADA.

approximate value of city real estate is $150,000,000; the annual revenue for all pur- poses $2,250,000. This is made up of assess- ments of i per cent, on realty for civic re- quirements, one-fifth of i per cent, for schools and water rates, and a business duty of y£ per cent, on the rentals. All benevo- lent and religious institutions are exempt from taxation. The civic debt is over $16,- 000,000, and has nearly reached the limit established, viz., 15 per cent, of the assessed value. The debt is mainly represented by such valuable assets as city hall, fire stations, waterworks, and parks. The public build- ings, both ancient and modern, are famous for their beauty, antiquity, and architecture. No city on this continent contains and is surrounded with so much that is quaintly historical as may be seen within or near the limits of the great metropolis. The Custom House, of triangular form, with its handsome tower, is regarded by the Montrealer with feelings similar to that with which the Roman regarded his capital. Facing the Place d' Armes stands the stately and impressive Notre Dame Cathedral. The style of archi- tecture may be called severe, being a blend- ing of different varieties into a French mould. The architect was a Protestant named O'Donnell, who died a Catholic, and was buried in the vaults beneath. It is the chief shrine of a whole race, and has had immense sums of money lavished on it. The altars, ceilings, statuary, and appointments are grandly impressive, while the music from the great organ, splendid orchestra and choir, makes attendance at one of the great festivals the opportunity of a lifetime. The towers are 227 feet high, and the great bell in the west tower, which is sounded only on the most solemn occasions, such as the death of the Pope, is the largest bell in Amsrica, and weighs about 25,000 pounds. The other tower contains ten mammoth bells, which require the force of eighteen men to ring them. Opposite Notre Dame are the Imperial Insurance building and the

Bank of Montreal. The latter was organized in 1817, which makes it the oldest banking institution in Canada, and, having a capital and rest account of $18,000,000, makes it the strongest monetary concern in Amer- ica. The building is of Corinthian struc- ture, noted for its classical purity of line, and stands among modern edifices like the spirit of ancient Greece. The City Hall is of^ French architecture, built of gray cut- stone elaborated by square corner turrets, and a formidable mansard clock tower. The interior is adorned by substantial Cor- inthian columns and galleries of natural wood. The business of the House is con- ducted in French and English, principally the former. The ground floor is used for police headquarters and Recorder's Court. Immediately opposite the City Hall is the Chateau de Ramezay, known principally as the repertory of much provincial history. It was built by the Governor of Montreal in 1705, and was used by the English Gover- nors for residence after the British conquest. In 1775 this chateau was the headquarters of the American Brigadier-General Wooster, and a year later the Congress Commis- sioners under General Benedict Arnold held council. It was in this memorable place that Franklin's printing press, the first in Montreal, was located, and with which the first newspaper, the Gazette, was printed in 1778. This paper is still flourishing as a morning journal, the third oldest in America. It was in the council room of this chateau that Lord Elgin, after the rebellion of 1837, signed the unpopular Rebellion Losses Bill, for which he was greeted with a shower of eggs and stones. The Court House is nearly opposite the City Hall, and lacks somewhat in interest architecturally. In it are held the important district courts, which are conducted in the antique costume of cocked hats and side swords, accompanied by a grim dignity quite startling to American curiosity-seekers. The law system of Que- bec province is said to be the best in the

MEN op CANADA.

tct

world, being substantially a compound of the most fully developed jurisprudence of England, France, and the Roman Empire. The Post Office on St. James' street, al- though a handsome building of French style, is much too small for the immense volume of business. There is a savings bank attached, and nearly a dozen branch offices about the city.

The Board of Trade is a splendid struc- ture on St. Lawrence street, occupying the full space between St. Peter and St. Nicholas streets, constructed of stone, six stories high, with 3,000 square feet of safety vaults beneath. The Hoard's Exchange Hall covers an area of some 4,000 feet, and is handsomely and conveniently arranged for the many important purposes for which it is used.

If space permitted, much of interest could be said of the Corn Exchange, the Fraser Institute, Mechanics' Institute, Natural History Museum, the Art Gallery, Drill Hall, Water-Works, the various markets, parks, and cemeteries, which are so well known for their history and beauty. In touching on church architecture, history, and progress, it is fitting to begin with the com- munity of Ville-Marie, which appears to have been founded for a rallying point for missionaries and crusaders against the heathen. Apparently the first settlers hoped to establish here an ideal religious commun- ity, a sort of "Abode of Angels," as a centre for the promotion of their own spirit- ual life, and from which they were to go out and evangelize the natives. This ecclesias- tical aspect vigorously prevailed, and New France was early established as a Catholic colony, but progress was so struggling and feeble that in 1760 the inhabitants did not number more than 70,000. This was largely due to a refusal to carry out a liberal policy to Huguenot emigration, which would have added over half a million of progressive people to the strength of the colony. Pro- testantism was only fairly established with

the British conquest, and for more than two generations following there was a continued effort on the part of the British bureaucracy to establish some form of State church, and Crown lands called " Clergy Reserves" were devoted to the maintenance of the Scotch Presbyterian and Anglican churches. How- ever, a more progressive spirit brought about the abolition of the system, and the strong contrast between the two religions acted as a stimulus which intensified and broadened the spiritual life of both Catholics and Pro- testants, making the Montreal of to-day emphatically a city of churches. Christ Church Cathedral is claimed to be, archi- tecturally, the most perfect in Canada, and has a continental fame of being a model specimen of fourteenth century Gothic. Erected in 1859, built of gray limestone, embellished with facings of imported yellow Caen sandstone, rich in carving and medi- aeval ornaments, handsome stone spire 211 feet high. The interior is rich and impress- ive, all the appointments being in harmony with the imposing magnificence presented to the eye by an exterior view. The other Anglican churches are St. George's, St. John the Evangelist, St. James the Apostle, St. Martin's, St. Stephen's, Trinity, St. Luke's, St. Jude's, St. Mary's, St. Thomas', and others of lesser note. Of Presbyterian churches, old St. Gabriel Church, a quaint little building on a street bearing that name, has the honor of being the first Protestant church built in Montreal, being erected in 1792. St. Andrew's Church, on Beaver Hall Hill, is externally a good specimen of primitive English Gothic, with a spire 180 feet high. It is sometimes called the 44 Scotch Cathedral," on account of being the only Canadian Presbyterian church that never left the Kirk of Scotland. St. Paul's, on Dorchester street, is a fine building with pinnacled towers. The 4< Crescent," on the same street further to the west, is commodi- ous, and built in French Gothic, with an excellent spire. The American Pres-

102

MEN

CANADA.

byterian, near the Windsor, is a fine modern building, with an excellent organ, and a very large congregation. The Methodist churches are notable among the religious edifices of the city. Chief among them are the St. James and Dominion Square churches, the former being the finest and largest Protestant temple in the city, except Christ Church Cathedral. The Baptists, Congregational- ists, and other evangelical bodies, have each a number of churches worthy of their envi- ronment.

Among other Roman Catholic edifices come first Notre Dame de Montreal and St. Peter's Cathedral, the former being previously described under the head of public buildings, it being appropriate to so record it, as in the public mind it stands in the forefront of the city buildings, commer- cial or otherwise. The foundation of the present Notre Dame de Bonsecours Church dates back to 1657, when the original building was erected. In 1675, this chapel being inadequate, another of present dimen- sions was erected on the same site. In 1754 this was destroyed by fire, and in 1771 the present church was built on its substantial foundation.

The Jesuit church on Bleury street is much admired by visitors on account of its beauty and magnificent music. The delicate frescos which adorn the walls reproduce the paint- ings of the great masters in the portrayal of biblical scenes, and the superb singing and organ music draw crowds on Sabbath even- ings. Among many other noted Catholic churches may be mentioned the Church and Monastery of the Recollet Fathers, Notre Dame de Lourdes Church, 1'Eglise St. Jacques, St. Patrick's, Church of the Sacred Heart, Chapel of the Congregation, etc. There are also five Jewish synagogues in Montreal, the first being erected about 1777. Some of these places of worship are fine specimens of ^Egypto-Judsean architecture. If space permitted, much of interest could

be said of the numerous charitable and benevolent institutions of Montreal. There is nothing of which the city can be more justly proud than of her large-hearted, wealthy citizens, no place on the continent having a larger percentage of generous millionaires. To this fact is largely due the existence of the many well-equipped hos- pitals, houses of industry, institutes for the deaf and blind, orphans' homes, refuges for children, and kindred places, doing good work under the auspices of individuals, or controlled by religious and benevolent bodies.

The philanthropic spirit of the community has kept pace with the social, educational, and commercial progress of the people, thus giving to this famed metropolis an enviable place in the archives of a great nation.

7VMEDEE DANAIS, ^=5 L.D.S., Montreal, was born in April, 1869, at Chicoutimi, P. Q. His parents were O. and Marie (Bellay) Danais, of French and Scotch descent, respec- tively. Mr.Danaisreceived his early education at Chicoutimi and Sher- brooke Colleges. On completing his clas- sical course in 1889, he at once commenced the study of dentistry in Montreal, and after spending four years and passing the necessary examinations he obtained the degree of L.D.S. in 1894, standing in the highest place in his class. He then commenced to practise in Montreal, where he has already secured a large business, and has given evidence that he has the qualifications which will place him early in life in a high position in his profes- sion. In politics he is a Liberal ; in reli - gion a Roman Catholic.

MEN OP CANADA

JEAN BAPTISTE DENYS, musician, Montreal, was born in Berthier, Que., June 24th, 1864. His father was Joseph Denys, a promi- nent merchant of Berthier, Que. His mother's maiden name was Justine Lin- court. Mr. Denys received his classi- cal and commercial education in the city of Montreal. He commenced the study of music at the age of nine years, at which he has since continued. He was organist of St. Peter's Church, Montreal, at the age of fifteen. In 1880 he removed to Belleville, where he re- mained two years as teacher of music. In 1882 he removed to Rigaud, Yaud-

reuil County, Que., where he spent three years as music teacher in college, and organist of the parish church. Then, in 1885, he went to Peterboro, where he was organist of St Peter's Cathedral ; and in 1877 located in L'Assomption, Que., remaining seven years. In 1874 he became organist and choirmaster in St. Cunegonde Church. Mr. Denys is an able exponent of high- class piano and organ music, and has always done considerable in the line of composition. In religion he is a Roman Catholic ; in politics an Independent. Sept. iith, 1894, he married Miss Georgiana Majeau.

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OF CANADA.

<»<TXANIEL I. MULLIN, D.V.S., I Montreal, was born in that city, September 24th, 1866. His father was Daniel J. Mullin, farrier, who died in October, 1895 ; while his mother was Mary Ann Gaffney. Dr. Mullin was educated at the Jesuit College, Montreal, where he remained four years. Deciding to follow the profession of his father, he immediately took up the study of veterinary medicine in 1886, in McGill University, where he remained for two years. In 1888 he went to Toronto, entering the Ontario Veterinary College, from which institution he graduated in

March, 1889, with the degree of D.V.S. He at once took up his residence in the city of Montreal, and began practice. Since his establishment in that city, he has acquired a large and lucrative con- nection, and has gained the confidence of the public; and as he is yet in early manhood will doubtless attain front rank in his profession. Since his father's death, Dr. Mullin has also had charge of his ex- tensive practice, so that he is now one of the busiest men in his line of practice in Montreal. In religion he is a mem- ber of the Roman Catholic Church; in politics a supporter of the Liberal party.

MEN OP CANADA.

105

TOUIS RATTO, Musical ^1 Director of Notre ^^ Dame Cathedral Choir, Montreal, Que., was born in the city of Montreal in 1871. His father is Louis Ratto, a retired gentleman, while his mother's maiden name was Kmerance Rege- reau, a native of Paris, France. Mr. Ratto received his classical education at the Jesuit College, Montreal, and by private tuition. At the age of eight years he commenced the study of music, and when ten years of age was organist of St. Joseph's Congregation, Montreal, thus demonstrat- ing at a very early age his natural talent for the " Di- vine Art." His parents, re- cognizing this, placed him under the best instructors available, and his first efforts were a compliment to their foresight. He first studied under the well-known Pro- fessor Fowler, of Montreal, and continued his studies in harmony, composition, and ftie piano, with Anatole Lentelme, of the Paris Conservatory of Music ; and the organ and composition with Fred- eric Mills. His training in voice cul- ture was obtained under the celebrated "Vegara," after which he again took up the study of harmony, composition, and singing, with Professor Couture, for five years. In 1892 he received the appointment of choirmaster of Notre Dame Cathedral Choir, the leading choir of Canada, which position he has since filled with the highest satisfaction, and, so thorough has been his training, it has acquired a national reputation. He is a teacher of music in Commis-

sioners' Schools, Montreal, and inspec- tor of musical studies for ladies in such institutions. He is not only an able ex- ponent of high-class music, but is also a most successful teacher of harmony, composition, and piano, having at his early age pupils who are now professors of music. He is also editor of Le Revedu Pianists, a musical critical jour- nal of Montreal. In religion he is a Roman Catholic ; in politics an Inde- pendent. Prof. Ratto was married Nov. 1 4th, 1893, to Philomene Crevier, daughter of Toussaint Crevier, manu- facturer, Montreal. He has a family of one son.

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MEN

CANADA.

JOSEPH ADELARD BARO- LET, M.D., Montreal, Que., was born in Louiseville, County of Maskinonge, Que., April 6th, 1861. His father is Louis Joseph Barolet, a contractor and builder of Montreal ; while his mother's maiden name was Louise Levesque, both descendants of renowned French families. Dr. Barolet made his classical course of studies at St. Mary's College (Jesuit Fathers), in Montreal. In 1880 he was admitted to the study of medicine, and in 1884 ob- tained his degree of M.D. from the School of Medicine and Surgery, Mont- real, which was at that time affiliated

to Victor (Cobourg) Uni- versity. After qualifying for practice he went to North Grosvenordale, Conn., U.S. A., where he followed his profession until 1886. He then returned to the Prov- ince of Quebec, locating in the city of Montreal, where he succeeded in building up a large and satisfactory practice. In Dec., 1887, he was appointed assistant physician to the St. Jean de Dieu Lunatic Asylum, Long Point, Que. In 1889 he was sent to Paris with Dr. Bourque, head physician of the asylum, to represent the proprietors of the same at the International Congress of Mental Diseases. While in Paris he studied psycho- logy and neurology under the noted specialists, Mag- nan, Falret, Charcot, Ball, and others. He also trav- elled through Europe for the purpose of inspecting the principal asylums, and studying the modern im- provements in connection with such institutions. At the end of the year 1892 he resigned the position he held at St. Jean de Dieu Lunatic Asylum, and established himself in Montreal, where he now devotes his special attention to mentally diseased persons. Having made a thorough and careful study of this branch of medical science, the doctor is eminently fitted for his work. Dr. J. A. Barolet is a Roman Catholic in religion ; and in politics a Liberal. He was married in May, 1895, to Miss Rose Anne Desautels, youngest daughter of the late Michael Desautels, of Montreal, Quebec.

MEN OF CANADA.

107

J. A. DENIS.

JA. DENIS, wholesale and retail paint and hardware merchant, Montreal, was born in that city, March 2Oth, 1848. His parents were Cyrille Denis and Marie Versailles, the latter deceased, the former still living retired in Montreal. Mr. Denis received his education at the Brothers' School, Montreal. He then learned the trade of painter, which occupation he fol- lowed for ten years, after which he was employed as clerk for six years, and in 1882 opened his present business. This is one of the largest establishments of the kind in Montreal, the building being three stories high, 120 x 24 feet, and well equipped throughout. Mr. Denis has taken an active interest in the civic affairs of Montreal, and in 1885 was one of the judges at the Mont- real Exhibition. In his business dealings he is straightforward and reliable, and stands high in the estimation of his fellow- citizens. In religion he is a Roman Catho- lic; in politics a Liberal. Mr. Denis was married in 1883 to Emma Prud'homme, of Notre Dame de Grace. His family consists of four children, two sons and two daughters.

itJUGH LONGBOURNE CALLEN- ^* DAR, B.A., Cambridge, Eng., 1885 ; M.A., 1888; F.R.S., London, Eng., 1894; F.R.S.C., 1895, was born April i8th, 1863, at Hatherop, Gloucestershire, Eng. He is the son of the late Rev. Hugh Callendar, M.A., Fellow and Tutor of Magdalene Col- lege, Cambridge, Rector of Hatherop, who died in 1867. Prof. Callendar was educated at Marl borough College, Wilts., and at Trinity College, Cambridge, Eng. Bell University Scholar, 1883 ; First-Class Clas- sical Tripos, 1884 ; First-Class Mathema- tical Tripos, 1885. Elected Fellow of Trinity College, 1886, for Natural Science. University Extension Lecturer, 1892. Pro- fessor of Physics, Royal Holloway College, 1893, and of McGill University, in October, 1893, which position he still holds. Prof. Callendar is the author of various scientific papers, chiefly relating to Electrical Ther- mometry ; also a system of Cursive Short- hand, Phonetic and Orthographic. He was married in 1894 to Victoria Mary Stewart, daughter of A. Stewart, Esq., Saundersfoot, South Wales.

HUGH LONGBOURNE CA1.LENUAR.

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CANADA.

'JCHJSSAINT JULES BOURASSA, Deputy Harbor Master, Montreal, Que., was born in Laprairie, Que., Nov. ist, 1851. His father was Hypolite Bourassa, a promi- nent farmer, while his mother was Marie Louise Brossard. Mr. Bourassa was edu- cated at the Christian Brothers' School, Montreal. On leaving college, in 1869, he went as purser on a boat for thirteen years, after which he was captain for seven years. On the 3rd of May, 1892, he was nominated Deputy Harbor Master of Montreal, which position he still occupies, giving full satisfac- tion to all concerned. He is a member of the Societe des Artizans, Canadien Francais, the C.O.F. and I.O.F. He was also for six years a municipal officer for Laprairie, and Captain of the 85th Battalion, commanding No. 4 Company. In politics he is a Con- servative ; in religion a Roman Catholic. August gth, 1873, Mr. Bourassa was married to Josephine, daughter of J. Brosseau, Esq. His family consists of eight sons and four daughters, two of the former being in the wholesale dry goods and one in the shipping business in Montreal.

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TOUSSAINT JULES BOURASSA.

LOUIS CALIXTE GOYETTE.

TOUTS CALIXTE GOYETTE, Notary, "^vs> Montreal, was born at Iberville, Feb- ruary 3rd, 1872. His father is Calixte Goy- ette, Postmaster, Iberville, and head of the firm known as the " Central Stone China- ware Company." Our subject entered St. Hyacinthe Seminary in 1883, was soon in the front ranks of his classes, and in June, 1887, received the gold medal awarded by the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec for the French literary composition. In 1889 he entered the Jesuits' College, Montreal, where he obtained the degree of B.A. In May, 1891, he was admitted to the study of the notarial profession, and from that time until September, 1894, followed the lectures of the " Universite Laval," at the same time study- ing in the well-known office of LaBadie & LaBadie. He was admitted as notary Sept. 8th, 1894, since which time he has practised his profession with great success, being a member of the legal firm of Leclerc & Goy- ette, Montreal. In June, 1895, he married Miss Robertine Leclerc, daughter of his partner, Mr.C.E. Leclerc. In politics Mr.Goyetteisan Independent; in religion a Roman Catholic.

MEN OP CANADA.

109

TOUIS CHARBONNEAU, violon- Jl cellist, Montreal, was born in

^^> that city, Feb. 24th, 1865. His father was Louis Charbonneau, a retired gentleman, formerly a large mill owner in Montreal ; while his mother's maiden name was Celina Viati, also of that city. Mr. Charbonneau received his classical education in Montreal ; also took a course at the Commercial Academy there. He commenced the study of violin playing at the age of twelve years, which instrument he abandoned for the violon- cello when twenty years of age, and has since made this his special study. He has given his sole attention and energy

to perfection in the playing of this in- strument, and has become one of the leading artists in that line in the Dom- inion. He has done service in all the leading orchestras in Montreal, and has for years taught with much success, one of his pupils now qualifying for a pro- fessorship in Paris, France, and several others occupying a front rank in musical circles elsewhere. Mr. Charbonneaifs services are in much demand, and, be- sides filling other important appoint- ments, he is engaged in Notre I)ame Cathedral orchestra, the leading Church orchestra of Canada. In religion he is a Roman Catholic, in politics, Independent.

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MEN

CANADA.

^TANBURY ARTHUR BUD- TH DEN, Advocate, Patent At- ^^ torney, etc., Montreal, was born there in 1865, He was educated at the High School of Montreal and McGill University, which he entered in 1 88 1, graduating in arts in 1885, and in law in 1888. He studied for the bar under the late W. H. Kerr, Q.C., and was admitted to practice in the fall of 1888. He at once began to practise his profession in Montreal, at first alone, and afterwards in partnership with Archibald McGoun, which continued for three years. Observing that there were no patent lawyers in the Province of

Quebec, he decided to devote his ener- gies upon that branch of law, with the result that he has now a large practice in patent and trade-mark cases, and has agents in all parts of the globe. He is an associate member of the Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, and has re- cently been elected a foreign member of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, London, England. In matters of sport he has always taken a prominent part, being a life member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, a member of the Royal Montreal Golf Club, and ex-president of the McGill University Lawn Tennis Club.

MEN OP CANADA.

11 1

WM. PATTERSON, M.D.V.S., M.R.C.V.S., F.E.V.M.S.. Li- centiate of the E. V. M. Society, and medallist of Edinburgh Veterinary College for the best examination of the diseases of cattle, Montreal, Que., was born in that city, Feb. nth, 1848. His father was the lateWilliam Patterson, of Montreal, the well-known horseman. His parents were natives of the north of Scotland, and emigrated to this country some fifty years ago, where they became known for their sterling quali- ties and charitable deeds. Dr. Patterson was educated at the High School of Montreal. After leaving school, in the summer of 1866, he studied veterinary medicine with D. McEachran. He graduated in 1869, and in that year left for Scotland. In the spring of 1870 he graduated at Edinburgh, and also at London. He then practised in Birmingham, England, for two years, as assistant to Messrs. Hunt & Parker, but returning to Canada, has since practised in Montreal. In the interval he also grad- uated from the University of Bishop's College as M.D., C.M., but still remains in the veterinary profession with well-known success. He has also been for many years Veterinary Editor of the Star, and Veterinary Surgeon to the Montreal Street Railway Company for several years. It will thus be seen that Dr. Patterson has reached a very high place in his chosen profes- sion, while his natural talent makes him a most skilful practitioner. He has also been identified with military

matters, having served as a volunteer during the Fenian raid of 1866, and saw service at Pigeon Hill. He was for five years in the Governor- General's Body Guard, which corps is now ex- tinct. He formerly belonged to the Masonic Order, but withdrew in 1874. In politics the doctor is a staunch Liberal; in religion he is a believer in the Presbyterian doctrine. He was married November Qth, 1874, to Eliza- beth C. Richardson, only daughter of the late O. L. Richardson, Esq., leather merchant, of Quebec, a member of the well-known firm of O. L. Richard- son & Sons.

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CANADA.

JOHN C. MURRAY, caulker, ^ carpenter, and cattle fitter, 8 Place Royale, Montreal, Que., was born May -gth, 1853, in L'Orignal, Ont His father was Dr. Angus Mur- ray, while his mother's maiden name was Jessie Chesser. Mr. Murray was educated at L'Orignal Grammar School, and removed to Montreal in 1870. For twenty-two years he was connected with the well-known house of Messrs. John B. Lee & Co. During this period he superintended the fitting up of more ships for cargo than any other man in Canada, and with uniform success, al- ways giving the highest satisfaction, so

that he is deservedly recognized as the leading authority on these branches of skilled industry. He started in busi- ness on his own account in 1893. His office, and that of the " Murray Ship Lining Co.," are centrally located at No. 8 Place Royale, while his shop and spar yards are conveniently located on the Beaver Line Company's wharf, cov- ering a large area. In addition, Mr. Murray has a large warehouse on Craig street, for the storage of lumber, oakum, and other materials. He has contracts for the lining and fitting of several of the most important lines of steamships leaving port, including the Black Diamond Line, Col- umbia Line, Harling& Ron- ald Steamship Agents, etc., and the Johnson and Don- aldson Lines. He also makes a specialty of fitting up vessels for the safe car- rying of cattle and sheep, and has won an enviable reputation in this connec- tion. He employs from 180 to 250 men during the sea- son, and gives personal di- rection to all work ordered. He is a most respected and popular business man, a member of the Board of Trade, Montreal, and has thoroughly systematized the branch of industry in which he is engaged. He is also a member of the City Club, the Masonic fraternity, A.O. U.W., and Select Knights. In religion he is a Presby- terian ; in politics a Con- servative. He was married in 1875 to Miss Louisa Pattee, granddaughter of Dr. P. Pattee, of Hawkes- bury, Ont. He has two sons and three daughters.

MEN OF CANADA.

/CHARLES LAVALLE, cornetist, L and manufacturer of musical

^— ^^ instruments, Montreal, Que., was born in Vercheres County, Que., July 1 3th, 1850. His father was A. Lavalle, and his mother Caroline Valen- tine. Mr. Lavalle inherits his great musical gifts, his father being a musician of high merit. He was educated in Montreal, and commenced the study of cornet and violin with his father. In 1870, he went to the United States, where he spent twelve years, being connected with many of the leading orchestras, as cornetist, while residing in that country. In 1882 he returned

to Montreal, where he has since re- mained. In 1886 he was leader of Montreal city band, and with them went to Philadelphia, where they stood high amongst the other bands at that time present. In this capacity he re- mained about five years, and was after- wards, for three years, bandmaster of Victoria Rifles Band, Montreal. He now makes a specialty of manufactur- ing violins, which have become well known throughout the Dominion. Mr. Lavalle is agent for several European and American firms, and has the largest stock of musical instruments in Montreal. He married, in 1886, Euphemia Busquet

MEN OF CANADA.

JACQUES VANPOUCKE, musician, Montreal, Que., was born in Ghent, Belgium, Oct. 25th, 1869. His father was Joseph Jean Baptiste Vanpoucke, while his mother was Josephine Jamar. Prof. Vanpoucke was educated at Ostende and Ghent, in his native country. He commenced the study of music at the age of twelve years, with his father, upon the clarionette. He also studied that instrument in Ostende, under J. Vander, and in 1886 went to the Con- servatory of Ghent to complete this study with Mr. A. Vander Gracht, which he did in 1888, with first-class

honors. In 1890 he located in Mont- real, being engaged by Mr. Ernest Lavigne, one of the best known Cana- dian musicians. In 1891 he went to Rotterdam, as first clarionette soloist in the military band. He returned to Canada in October, 1892, and has since resided in Montreal, being to-day clar- ionette soloist in Sohmer Pare, French Opera, and Montreal Symphony Or- chestra, and professor of music in Mount St. Louis College ; and, in fact, the leading clarionet player of Canada. In 1894 he was elected president of Montreal Musicians' Union. In religion he is a Roman Catholic.

MEN OP CANADA. n5

UND H. HEWARD, manager tomers, while at the same time of the Merchants' Bank, St. keeping in view the interests of the Johns, Province of Quebec, institution which he so faithfully was born in the city of Montreal, on represents. He also takes an active December 27th, in the year 1850. part in all that concerns the wel- His father was Augustus Heward, fare of the town of St. Johns. He the late colonel of the Victoria has done a good deal in the past KiHes, Montreal. He was a well- to promote manufacturing and busi- known man, very popular in his ness interests, and his opinion on day, was enthusiastic in military such matters is relied ujx>n by the matters, and stood high in the esti- mercantile community of that pro- mation of his company. Mr. E. H. gressive town. In religion he is a Heward's mother was a Miss Frances member of the Church of England ; M. Burton, a native of Ireland. Mr. in politics gives his support to the Heward received his education at Conservative party. He is also a the High School of the city of Mont- member of various organizations, real. He was a good student, stood among which is the Ancient Order well in his classes, and thus received of United Workmen. Mr. Heward a good sound English education, is at once a representative banker, which has since been of benefit to a man of great influence in the him in the various responsible posi- community, and moves in the best tions which he has occupied. His social circles of the town. He is first business position was in the a man of whom any community wholesale hardware house of Messrs, may well be proud. He has the Mulholland & Baker, of Montreal, honor of representing one of the where he spent three years, and mas- soundest financial institutions in this tered the general principles as well or in any other country. The Mer- as the details of the wholesale trade chants' Bank, while conservative during that period. Mercantile life, in its dealings, never fails to assist, however, was not according to his by its powerful financial influence, tastes, and he abandoned it to take all sound business enterprises, while up the profession of banking. In its customers rely upon its sup- the year 1870 he entered the ser- port, up to the full limit of sound vice of the Merchants' Bank, Mont- banking prudence. Mr. Heward was real, where he remained until 1884, for three years a member of the occupying various positions and being Victoria Rifles, the corps formerly promoted from time to time, until commanded by his father. He served he received the appointment of man- on the frontier in 1870, at St. ager of that bank at St. Johns, Johns and Eccles' Hill, during the Quebec, as above mentioned, where period of the last Fenian raid. He tie has since remained. Largely was frequently approached to ac- owing to his efficient management, cept a commission in that crack this branch of the Merchants' Bank corps, after serving the term above to-day controls the principal bank- mentioned, but with reluctance de- ing business in St. Johns. Mr. clined the honor, being unable Heward has the confidence of the to spare the time needed, which business community, and has the would have interfered with his busi- happy faculty of pleasing his cus- ness interests.

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CANADA.

/ig)ARL EMIL SEIFERT, founder i and director of the Montreal

^— -^^ Conservatory of Music, was born in Berlin, Prussia, February 6th, 1849. He ranks among the first living musicians ; particularly, as a pedagogue he is unsurpassable. At the age of four years he showed a passionate love for music, and six months later he was sent to an elementary school. At the age of six he went to the Royal Boys' School of King Frederick, in Berlin, and two years later became a pupil in the Royal 'Gymnasium of William I. When seven years of age he was placed under a violin master, and began to

appear at concerts. At the age of ten years he travelled through Germany, creating a great sensation by his musical ability. At the age of eleven he entered the New Academy of Music, under Dr. Th. Kullak. His violin teacher was the Royal professor, A. Gruenwald, and the Royal music director, Professor Richard Wuerst, in composition. Before he was sixteen he was concert master in Callenbach's The- atre, and a year later musi- cal director in the celebrated "Belle Alliance" Theatre, Berlin, at the same time continuing to study diligent- ly. At eighteen he was en- gaged at Kroll Theatre, Berlin, and opened an or- chestral school. He after- wards accepted an engage- ment in the " Berliner Sym- phonic Kapelle." About this time he began his pro- fessional career as violin soloist, and travelled with the most renowned pianists in Europe, receiving the highest praise. In 1868 he entered the field of literature, and has gained as a musical critic a high reputation. He is also widely known as a composer of high class music, his works being well received by the best musicians of the age. In 1874 he came to New York, in which city, as well as through- out the United States, he also proved his mastership as orchestral conductor, vocal and piano instructor. In 1893 he married Miss Anna Vonhof, of New York, one of his most talented pupils. The Montreal Conservatory, under his able management, must have a bright future before it.

MEN or CANADA

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LATE MARC DAMASE MASSON, of Montreal, Que., was born on the 23rd of February, 1805, and died 22nd of April, 1878, aged 73 years. His parents were of French descent, and gave him the benefit of a good practical education. After engaging in various lines of business for several years, during which time he gained a wide knowledge of mercantile affairs and accumulated a substantial capi- tal, he embarked in the grocery business, both wholesale and retail, which he con- ducted for many years. His house was one of the best known throughout the Province of Quebec, and his name a synonym for integrity and honorable dealing. He also had the hon;>r to be President of the Mer- chants' Bank, which shows the high posi- tion he occupied in the monetary world. In religion Mr. Masson was a devout Roman Catholic, and ever true to the prin- ciples of his Church. He was married to Virginie Jobin, daughter of the late Mr.Jobin, notary, of St. Genevieve. His familyconsisted of eight children, three sons and five daugh- ters, to whom he left an untarnished name.

THK I.ATE MARC DAMASE MASSON.

THE LATE JOSEPH DUHAMEL, O..C-

LATE JOSEPH DUHAMEL, Q.C., Montreal, was born in that city January 2Oth, 1836. He was educated at the colleges of Ste. Therese, St. Hyacinthe. and the Jesuits, Montreal, graduating with honors. He the entered the office of Brad- ley & Abbott ; was admitted to the Bar April 7th, 1857, and at once became associated with the late Mr. Cyrille Archambault. Some years later he entered into partnership with Mr. G. Drolet : afterwards became head of the firm of Duhamel, Rainville, Rinfret & Rainville, and finally of Duhamel & Rain- ville, a firm which has been engaged in many of the most important cases before the courts. He was appointed Q.C. in June, 1878. Mr. Duhamel was an alderman at twenty-one, and it is safe to say that he did not dis- appoint those who had brought him forward. He was also re-elected for three years some time afterwards. In 1881 he was unani- mously elected President of " The Reform Association " of Montreal. He was married in 1859 to Alphonsine, daughter of the late Mr. Damase Masson, of Montreal. Mr. Duhamel died October 23rd, 1894.

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CANADA.

THE LATE GEORGE WAIT.

LATE GEORGE WAIT, mer- chant, of Montreal, Que., was born at Lachine, Que., Dec. igth, 1835. His father was George Wait, railway contractor. Our subject started life as a clerk in Montreal, and a little later learned the trade of cooper. This occupation he soon abandoned, and entered the employ of Mr. M. Laing, pro- vision merchant. Some time after he began business in Montreal, in connection with a Mr. Simpson, under the style of Wait & Simpson, but after two years bought his partner's interest. In 1886 Mr. Wait's only son and Mr. J. M. Taylor were admitted into partnership, the firm becoming George Wait & Co. Mr. Wait was also considered the "egg king" of Canada, shipping exten- sively to the United States and Great Britain. He had warehouses in different parts of Montreal, and in the leading pro- duce centres of Ontario. He was a promi- nent member of several organizations, and one of the most genial of men. He was married to Miss Jane Holloway, who, together with one son and two daughters, survive him. He died Feb. I4th, 1895.

HE LATE THOMAS TRIHEY, In- spector, Trust and Loan Co., Montreal, was born in Quebec, Dec. i6th, 1833. His parents were Thomas Trihey and Catherine Tracy. Mr. Trihey received his education in Quebec Seminary and Thorn's Academy. He commenced business for himself as a contractor, was afterwards conductor on the G.T.R. for a few years, then Inspector for Quebec province for Trust and Loan Co., a position which he held until the time of his death, in April, 1893. In religion Mr. Trihey was a Roman Catholic ; was for some years Warden of St. Anthony's Church, and President of the St. Vincent de Paul Society. Though often solicited by his fellow-citizens to become a candidate for municipal honors, he steadfastly refused, giving his chief attention to his business, and preferring to spend his leisure moments at home. In politics he was a Conserva- tive. Oct. gth, 1860, he married Charlotte, daughter of Wm. Byrne, of Quebec. His family consists of two sons and six daugh- ters, the eldest son, Thomas Francis, now occupying the position held by his father.

THE LATE THOMAS TRIHEY.

MEN or CANAOA.

119

7CCHILLE FORTIER, musician, 5C\ Montreal, was born at St. VS> Clet, Soulanges County, Que., Oct. 23rd, 1864. His father is Dr. L. A. Fortier, of St. Scholastique ; and his mother was EmeYante Bonin. Prof. Fortier received his classical education at St. Therese College. He commenced the study of music in Montreal, under Professors Ducharme and Couture, afterwards going to Paris, France, where he studied for five years, return- ing to Montreal in 1890. Here he has since remained as teacher of both vocal and instrumental music, having to-day the highest reputation of any musician

in the city. He was for one year choir- master in Notre Dame Cathedral, Mont- real. He is undoubtedly one of the leading composers of music in Canada, and in 1893 gave a concert in Montreal (vocal and instrumental), under the direction of Professor Couture, which was a great success. He now devotes much time to the composition of music, and, judging from his past success, ap- pears destined to achieve marked dis- tinction in that branch of his profession. In politics Prof. Fortier is a Liberal. Dec. 2nd, 1893, he married Marie Louise Lefebvre, daughter of Alderman M. T. Lefebvre, of Montreal.

OF CANADA.

JOSEPH SAUCIER, pianist, vocalist, and organist, Montreal, Quebec, was born in that city, February 24th, in the year 1869. He is the son of Moise Saucier, and Eu- genie (Desnoyers) Saucier, both of French parentage. The former is a prominent musician, now residing in the city of Montreal. Mr. Saucier received his early education at the school of the Jesuit Fathers (St. Mary's College), and continued his studies at the Catholic Commercial Academy, Montreal, Que. While very young he manifested great talent for music, and performed before the public as a pianist, with great

success, at the early age of ten years. His first musical training was received at the hands of his father, afterwards studying under Mr. C. M. Panneton and Professor D. Ducharme, while his vocal masters were Professor Ach. Fortierand Mr. Paul Wiallard. Mr. Saucier is one of the leading baritone singers of Mont- real, occupies the position of organist in a Roman Catholic church, and is con- ductor of a new ladies' society called The St. Cecilias Choral Society of Montreal. As Mr. Saucier is yet a young man, doubtless high honors are in store for him in the future in the realm of music,

MEN OP CANADA.

121

ON. JOHN DALY PURCELL, Juc'Ke °f the Circuit Court of the District of Montreal, was born in the city of Quebec. His father was chief of the Statistic Department in the Customs at Montreal, and after thirty-six years' service was superannu- ated in 1891. The family removed from Quebec to Montreal, and John I). Pur- cell, after receiving a sound commercial education, entered St. Mary's College, where he remained eight years, follow- ing the entire course, comprising classics, sciences, literature, and philo- sophy, graduating in 1874, and being awarded the first prize, viz., the Gover- nor-General's medal. He is also a B.A. and M.A. of ^^^^ St. Francois Xavier College, New York. He subse- quently entered the Law School of McGill University in 1874, and graduated there in 1877 with the degree of B.C.L., standing second for general proficiency. While a law student he was articled to the late W. H. Kerr, Q.C., whose office he at- tended. He was admitted to the Bar in 1877, gradu- ally acquired a large prac- tice, and at the time of his elevation to the Bench in June, 1895, was legal ad- viser of the parishes of St. Gabriel and St. Mary's, in the city of Montreal. In re- ligion Judge Purcell is a Roman Catholic. He was a member of the University Literary Society connected with McGill University; was secretary for two years of the Catholic Club, composed of the Alumni of St. Mary's College ; was a member of the Irish National Associa-

tion of Montreal ; and is at present a member of St. Patrick's Society, Sham- rock Lacrosse Club, and of the Kmer- ald Snow - Shoe Club, of which latter organization he was president from 1884 to 1890. In politics he is a Con- servative, and in the past has done good work for his party, but owing to his official position does not now take any active part in political affairs. He has lectured on literary and Irish national subjects, under the auspices of the societies in the different Irish Catholic parishes of Montreal ; also at Belleville, Richmond, etc. He is unmarried.

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CANADA.

CHARLES L. CHAM- PAGNE, Montreal, was born at St. Eustache, October 27th, 1838. His father, Charles Cham- pagne, took an active part in the rebellion of 1837, as a "patriote" was decorated with the gold medal as first laureate of the agricultural merit of the Province of Quebec, and died January, 1893. Judge Champagne was edu- cated at the Seminary of Ste. Therese, after which he was engaged in farming pursuits for several years. In 1861 he entered the office of Messrs. Moreau, Ouimet & Chapleau as law student. He was admitted to the Bar, September

ist, 1865, and at once began practice in St. Eustache, where he soon acquired an important connection. In 1876 he was elected to replace Hon. Mr. Ouimet, as member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Two Mountains County, which he represented until 1883, and was afterwards appointed Legislative Councillor for the division of Mille Isles. In politics, Judge Champagne was a Conservative, and for many years took an active part in election campaigns in the interests of his party. He was made a Doctor of Laws of Laval University in 1882, and a Q.C. in 1887. In 1888 he was appointed Justice of the new Circuit Court, estab- lished at Montreal by the Provincial Legislature. This law having been disapproved by the Federal Govern- ment, he was appointed District Magistrate, and in 1893 Ju<%e °f the Circuit Court at Montreal, which high position he fills in a creditable manner. In 1860 Judge Champagne married Miss Aglae Ethier, daugh- ter of a prominent agricul- turist of St. Joseph. His family consists of six sons and four daughters, living. His eldest son is the junior partner of the law firm of Rocheu & Champagne, Hull, Que.; Adelard is a physician in Bay City, Mich.; Evariste occupies an im- portant position in the Standard Life Assurance Co., Montreal. One of his daughters is married to Dr. L. M. Pelletier, of Bay City; the other children are at present pursuing their edu- cation.

MKN OP CANADA.

71 RTHUR JOSEPH AUGUSTE ±\ LETONDAL, pianist, Pro- ^® fessor of Music, Montreal, Que., was born in that city, April 3oth, 1869. He is a son of the late Paul Le- tondal, a celebrated French music teacher. Our subject received his classical course at St. Mary's College, Montreal, and at the age of seventeen was a graduate of the Quebec Academy of Music. In 1890 he went to Europe, and studied in Paris, France, the piano under Marmontel, and harmony under Taudou. In 1892 he went to Brussels, Belgium, and completed his studies in counterpoint, organ, and composition,

under Herr H. F. Kufferath and Al- phonse Mailly. He won first-class honors in counterpoint and fugue at the Conservatory of Brussels in 1893, and then returned to Canada, settling in Montreal. He is now professor of piano in the Canadian Artistic Society, professor at St. Mary's College, organ- ist of the Chapelle du Saint Sacrement, etc. Professor Letondal is a member of the Soci£t£ d'art et d'Arch^ologie of Paris, laureate of the Conservatoire o Brussels, member of the Academy of Music, Quebec, etc. He is also one of the contributors to La Revue Canadienne on musical subjects.

124

MEN OF* CANADA.

•'•i."

JOSEPH SIPLING, B.S.C. and Q.B., Montreal, Que., was born Oct. 1 5th, 1827, in the city of Quebec. His father's name was Joseph Sipling, while his mother's maiden name was Marie Thiviergn. When Mr. Sipling was very young his parents removed to Montreal, where they carried on business as confectioners, and where his father died, in 1832. Mr. Sipling was educated in Montreal, after which he learned the trade of printing. He was on the escort when H.R.H. the Prince of Wales visited Montreal. He was sergeant-major in No. 2 Montreal Cavalry, in which he

served nine years. He is the oldest Superior Court and Queen's Bench bailiff in Montreal, having served his first writ when Judge Drummond, Judge Monk, and Judge Mondolet were on the Bench. He was appointed by Lord Monk, at that time Governor- General, to take Lamirande, the bank defaulter, to Paris, and successfully accomplished his mission. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, and takes an active part in political affairs. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. Mr. Sipling was married, September i;th, 1851, to Adelina Dufresne, daughter of Oliver Dufresne, of Montreal.

MEN OF CANADA.

_ ^<&

fHE LATE WARDEN

KIN(;, of Montreal,

was born in Scotland in 1822. He received his education in the schools of the Old Land, and in early youth came to Canada, set- tling in Montreal. After working as a clerk for some time he entered into busi- ness for himself in 1851, and was successful in establish- ing one of the most success- ful foundries in the country. The firm of which Mr. King was a partner was known as Rogers & King, the partner- ship continuing until the death of Mr. Rogers in 1880. The business was then con- ducted by Mr. King and his son, Mr. J. C. King. Mr. King was a practical work- man, having learned his trade with the Messrs. Mol- son & Co. By close atten- tion to business he succeed- ed in amassing a fortune of over half a million of dollars. In politics he was a staunch Conservative, doing all in his power to further the in- terests of that party. He was also deeply interested in religious work, be- ing superintendent of Chalmers' Church Sabbath School for many years. He took a very great interest in the noble work of the Young Men's Christian Association, was for many years treasurer of that institution in Montreal, and in 1894 represented the Montreal branch at the great convention held in London, England. He was also treasurer of the Montreal Working Men's, Widows and Orphans' Benefit Societies, and was held in high esteem by the members of these organizations. Hisdeath was deep- ly mourned by hundreds who would feel

his loss. The funeral, held in Erskine Church, was one of the largest ever witnessed in Montreal. Mr. King be- came connected with the Presbyterian Church when nineteen years of age, and at twenty-eight was an elder. Notwithstanding his many business cares he found ample time to devote to whatever tended to promote religious and moral advancement. He was a man of large sympathies and broad benevolence, which reached far beyond his own denomination. He was also very liberal to the poor, and left behind him an inspiring record — one in every way worthy of emulation.

126

CANADA.

THE LATE CHARLES DAG- >t GETT PROCTOR, Montreal, Que., was born in 1821, at La- chute, Que. His parents were Isaac Proctor and Dorothy Hutchins. His progenitors were an old Yorkshire family, he being a descendant of the elder branch, living at the ancestral home, " Fountains Abbey," Yorkshire, while the younger branch reside at " Colts Park," Yorkshire, the former inter- marrying with the Birkbecks of Hornby Hall, Westmorelandshire. Mr. Proctor's grandfather came to Canada, and settled at Lachute. Our subject was educated at the schools of Lachute and Montreal.

He was for a time engaged in the wholesale grocery trade, but subsequently be- came a hop factor in Mont- real, where he also carried on a successful mercantile business. In the matter of sterling integrity, he is an example to the present gen- eration, and it would be well for all business men to adopt his methods. He was identified with the civic affairs of Montreal, occupy- ing for some time the office of alderman. He was also president and chairman of Montreal Cemetery Board, and a director of the Citizens' Life and Fire Insurance Co. In religion Mr. Proctor was a Presbyterian, holding the offices of elder and warden, in connection with St. Paul's First Presbyterian Church, Montreal. He was a good example of the old-time merchant, and what a pros- perous business man should be. He not only looked after his own affairs, but he was never too busy to look after the welfare of the community in which he resided, and took a great interest in all that pertained to the civic, social, and religious prosperity of his adopted city. He was foremost in every good work, has left his impress for good, and is remembered by a large circle of friends in the Church wh:ch he had served faith- fully for so many years. He was married in Toronto, Ontario, to Amelia Maria Kollinyer. His family con- sists of one daughter, now the wife of William Bentham. Mr. Proctor died, deeply regretted by the many with whom he had associated in life.

MEN OF CANADA.

THOMAS K FOSTER.

K. FOSTER, representative of the Standard Oil Co. for Ottawa and district, was born May jist, 1852, at Knowl- ton, Que. His parents were Hiram S. Foster and Sarah Knowlton, the former a J.P. and Registrar of Brome Co. for about forty years. Mr. Foster was educated at Bishop's Col- lege, Lennoxville, and at the age of fifteen entered his uncle's office on the S.E. Railroad, St. Johns, Que. After one year he went to New York, where he remained for eighteen years, filling several important positions, among which was that of manager of the Joel Hayden Brass Co., the largest concern of the kind in the world. In 1883 he assumed the management of the South American Exportation Company, which eventually became the firm of Foster & Co., Mr. Foster being at the head of the institution. After five years he returned to Canada, and subse- quently settled in Ottawa. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics a staunch Conservative. In religion he is an Episcopalian. He was married, Jan. igth, 1878, to Miss Lizzie J. Linnott, of Boston, Mass. His family consists of one son.

JOSEPH LOUIS VINCENT, District Inspector of Inland Revenue for the district of Montreal, was born at Longueuil, March igth, 1835. Mr. Vincent received his education at the Public and Model schools, Longueuil. For some years he conducted an iron foundry at Longueuil, and subsequently entered the public service in 1867 as an excise officer, and was made special officer in 1875. In 1877 he was appointed Deputy Collector of Inland Revenue, in 1879 Collector, and in 1893 District Inspector for the district of Montreal. Mr. Vincent has been school com- missioner of Longueuil, and for eight years was President of that body. He has been Treasurer and President of St. Antoine Benevolent Society, is a member of the Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, Mont- real, also of •• S. icji-ti- Historique de Mont- real," and is one of the authors of the " Histoire de Longueuil et de la famille de Longueuil," published in 1889. He was for years Councillor of Longueuil, and Mayor of the town in 1880. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. Married, 1858, Miss Philomene Bissonnet, daughter of Narcisse Bissonnet.

JOSEPH LOUIS VINCENT.

128

MEN

CANADA.

LATE GEORGE ROGERS, foun- dry man, Montreal, One., was born in the County of Monaghan, Ireland, in 1798, where he received his education. He was then for some years engaged as foundryman in a large establishment in Glasgow, Scot- land. In 1832 he came to Canada, locating in Montreal. During his long residence in that city he became known as one of the leading men in his line of business, being for many years foreman for the Molson Co., and afterwards in business on his own account. Mr. Rogers continued in active business until 1870, when he retired. The firm then became Warden, King & Son, Mr. King having been for many years Mr. Roger's partner. In politics Mr. Rogers was a sup- porter of the Liberal party ; in religion a Presbyterian, being for many years an elder in Erskine and Stanley street churches, Montreal. In 1822 he married Miss Mc- Garvey, of Scotland. She died in 1865, and in 1871 he married Miss Rogers, a native of Ireland, who survives him. Mr. Rogers died Nov. 3Oth, 1889, at the advanced age of 91 years.

THE LATE GEORGE ROGERS.

THE LA'lE JAMES HALDANE.

LATE JAMES HALDANE, manu- facturer, Montreal, was born August 3ist, 1805, at Burntisland, Scotland, where he was educated. In 1832 he came to Can- ada, settling in Montreal, where he began the manufacture of boots and shoes. His business rapidly increased to one of immense proportions, being ultimately the largest in Canada, and employing 700 men. Mr. Haldane had, at an early date in his business career, a contract from the Government for supplying footwear to the troops, and also contracts for the large lumber camps. He retired in 1858, the firm becoming Linton & Popham, and subsequently Linton & Co. In politics he was originally a Liberal, but lat- terly more an Independent, with Conserva- tive leanings. In religion he was a Presby- terian ; and also a member of the Masonic Order and St. Andrew's Society. Mr. Hal- dane was married three times : first, in 1823, to Anne Gibb, of Scotland ; second, in 1837, to Janet McFarlane ; and third, in 1875, to Ann Yuile, daughter of William Yuile, of Scotland. His family consists of five chil- dren. He died in 1888.

MKN OP CANADA.

129

UUCHARME,

professor of piano, and organ- ist of the "G£su," Montreal, was born May i4th, 1840, at Lachine, Que. He is the son of Timoleon Ducharme, of Lachine ; and Adelaide Rapin, of St. Genevieve. His father was for thirty years bass soloist at Notre Dame and the "G6su," Montreal. Prof. Ducharme began the study of music at Lachine, as pupil of Prof. Andrews, a retired English organist of merit, afterwards removing to Montreal, where he studied under Mr. Paul Le- tondal. When the celebrated Sabatier came to Montreal, Prof. Ducharme

studied under him for one year. In 1863 he went to Paris, where for five years he was under the famous Mar- montel, and as auditor attended the classes of the Conservatory. During his sojourn in Europe he met some of the best musicians of the day, and was on most friendly terms with Saint- Saens, Rossini, and Liszt, from the last of whom he received most valuable assistance, especially in all that con- cerns modern technique and touch. Prof. Ducharme is to-day one of the most prominent musicians in Canada. In 1871 he married Charlotte, daughter of the late Dr. Charlebois, of Montreal.

1 3o

MEN

CANADA.

L .._

ORPHIRE

BRUNEAU, V.S., Montreal, was born May iith, 1848, at St. Constant, Que. His father's name was Medard Bruneau, a farmer of means and influence in his county ; while his mother was Seraphine Maig- rette, who belonged to a family of teachers. Dr. Bruneau received his early education in the district schools, and then took a course at Fuller Insti- tute, Grand Ligne, Quebec. His pro- fessional studies were pursued at the Montreal Veterinary College and Mc- Gill University, where he graduated in 1872. He was then appointed pro-

fessor of materia medica, and also of anatomy and the practice of medicine (French course), which position he held until 1880. He immediately began to win the important custom and clientage he commands to-day, and, impelled by characteristic energy and enterprise, he has found time to act as Principal of the Montreal Veterinary School, which he founded; and to fill the position of President of the Montreal French Vet- erinary School, affiliated to Laval Uni- versity. This latter position he still holds. Dr. Bruneau was married in 1872 to Harmeline Piche, daughter of Pierre Piche, of St. Jerome, Que.

MBN OF CANADA.

E LATE JOHN MURRAY SMITH, banker, of Montreal, was born Jan. 2oth, 1838, at Mac- cluff, Scotland. His father was James Smith, who married a Miss Tocher, both parents being natives of Scotland. The latter died in the year 1838, and the former some years later in Toronto, Ont. Mr. Smith received his early education in Scotland, and after coming to this country entered Knox College, Toronto, from which institution he graduated. In 1860 he entered the service of the Bank of Toronto, and for thirty years served that bank in differ- ent capacities in various places in On-

tario, the last position which he held being manager of the branch at Peter- boro. This position he had attained by steady promotions in the bank's service. He then removed to Montreal, to take charge of the branch in that city. After taking up his residence in that city he was a prominent figure in banking circles, the care and thoughtfulness which he displayed being in no small measure responsible for the extensive business transacted under his manage- ment. His business dealings were characterized by much tact and the most scrupulous integrity. In religion he was a devoted member of the Pres- byterian Church, and a hard worker in the way of reli- gious effort In 1886 he became president of the Presbyterian Sunday School Association of Montreal, which office he held until his death. He was alsoa mem- ber of St Paul's Church, with which he was connect- ed. He took a very great interest in the work of the Young Men's Christian Association, and was a member of the Board of the same for fifteen years, and president for one term. Mr. Smith was married Oct 4th, 1871, to the youngest daughter of the late Henry Mill Holland, hardware mer- chant of Montreal, who sur- vives him. His family con- sists of two sons and four daughters, one of the former dying in 1891. Mr. Smith died at his summer resi- dence, at Lake St. Louis, in 1894, in his 57th year, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends and ac- quaintances.

CANADA.

JONATHAN FINDLAY, con- tractor, of Montreal, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, in 1808. His father was James Findlay, a cap- tain in the Royal Navy; while his mother's maiden name was Ellen Rud- diman, whose uncle was the famous Professor Thomas Ruddiman, a Latin author. Mr. Findlay received a prac- tical education in the schools of his native land. In 1822 he entered the East India Company's service as mid- shipman. He was at the taking of Rangoon in Irrawaddy, and during the first Burmese War passed through many dangers, receiving at different times wounds from pirates. In 1838 he quit the service of this company. He sub- sequently had the honor of the appointment of Chief Officer of the "Trident," which carried Her Majesty Queen Victoria from Gran- ton Piere to Woolwich in 1842, on her return from her first visit to Scotland. Mr. Findlay came to Can- ada in 1843, settling in the city of Montreal. He was first employed in building locks on the Lachine Canal, and was afterwards a con- tractor for the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Railway. Mr. Findlay was also the con- tractor who built the en- trance lock on the old La- chine Canal. Hon. Alex. Mackenzie was foreman of the same, and Mr. Findlay had at one time to discharge him for disobeying orders of the Board of Works, Mr. Mackenzie believing he knew (as he doubtless did) the best manner of doing the work. Mr. Findlay was also

employed by the C.P.R. in building the road from St. Therese to St. Jerome, and from St. Rose to St. Scholastique. He was also contractor for the C.P.R. in building the ramps by the wharfs at Montreal, and was employed by the Dominion Government in building the canal and bridges from Montreal to Cote St. Paul. His ability as a con- tractor is clearly shown by the many large undertakings which he success- fully completed. In 1848 Mr. Findlay married, in Montreal, Mary, daughter of John Mercer. In religion he is a Congregationalist; in politics a Con- servative.

MBN OP CANADA.

HH LATK CHRISTOPHER BROOKS GREAVES, restaur- ant keeper, Montreal, Que., was born April 2ist, 1844, in London, Eng- land. His parents were Christopher and Georgina Greaves, natives of England, but now deceased. Mr. Greaves received his education in the Old Land.' After coming to this country he located in Montreal, where he was engaged in various lines of business, and at the time of his death was the proprietor of the well-known restaurant, "The Liverpool," in that city. Mr. Greaves was a Past Master of the A.F. \- A. M.. has held tin- i (Hit 6 <'t ( irainl

Steward in the Grand Lodge of Quebec, in connection with the same, and also held office in Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter of Masons. He was also a prominent member of the I.O.O.F. and Knights of Pythias. In religion, Mr. (•reaves was a member of the Church of England ; in politics, a staunch Con- servative, and did much to advance his party's interests in his part of the country. He was married Oct. 2Oth. 1869, to Miss Martha Mary Coyle, who survives him. He had a family of two daughters and one son, the former de- ceased, and the son now doing business in Montreal. Mr. Greaves died in 1895.

'34

MEN OF CANADA.

THE LATE JOHN MORRISON, -A- contractor, of Montreal, was born at Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, Sept 25th, 1814. His early educational advantages were limited, but being a voluminous reader, and by diligent private study, he became a well-learned man, and conversant with all current topics. In 1842 he emi- grated to Canada, and being a con- tractor by trade followed that occupa- tion, carrying on business in partnership with the late James Aitken for upwards of thirty-five years. Many fine resi- dential and other buildings in Montreal were erected under their supervision,

and to-day bear witness to their supe- rior skill. Mr. Morrison died in Dec., 1885, leaving a family of ten children, four sons and six daughters, the former now carrying on different branches of contracting in Montreal with good suc- cess. In religion he was a Presby- terian, a member of Stanley Street Church, Montreal, and was* trustee in the same. In 1849 Mr. Morrison was married to Helen Aitken, daughter of James Aitken, for many years his part- ner in business, who survives him. His memory is fondly cherished by the members of his family, as well as by a large circle of friends.

=

MEN

HE LATE HKNRY THOMAS, Montreal, P.Q., was born in that city, Feb. i6th, 1843. He was the fifth son of James Thomas, the well-known pianoforte manufacturer of Montreal. Mr. Thomas re- ceived his education first at the public school and later at a private academy. His first business occupation was in connection with a hard- ware establishment, where he remained some years. He then removed to the United States, where his career was somewhat of an eventful one, for shortly af- ter his arrival in that coun- try the war broke out be- tween the North and South, and he did active service for the North in one of the regi- ments of the line. In 1866 he returned to Montreal. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Madden, daugh- ter of Jeremiah Madden, for many years an official in the Post Office, Quebec, and afterwards in the Customs House, Montreal. Mr. Thomas became treasurer of the Academy of Music about three years after its opening, and from 1879-81 successfully managed the house for Messrs. Allan, the proprietors of the theatre. In 1881 the theater passed under his own control, and he became the sole lessee and manager until 1891, when he was compelled to give up the active management on ac- count of ill -health. He died on the 27th of November, 1893, since which time the conduct of the house has re- mained in the hands of Mrs. Thomas, whose excellent judgment assisted Mr. Thomas for many years previous to

CANADA.

•35

his demise, and who, since that time, has carried on the same with great success, and is well known throughout the theatrical profession of the conti- nent as a thoroughly practical business woman. The success of an establish- ment of this kind requires much pene- tration and ability, but under the skilful management of Mrs. Thomas the Acad- emy of Music, Montreal, has taken a front place among similar institutions in America. She has received two offers from capitalists to build a theatre in Montreal for her, after an approved design, and she is seriously entertain- ing their proposition.

136

MEN

CANADA.

THE LATE WILLIAM DICKER ^ STROUD, Montreal, Que., was born in London, England, August 4th, 1829. On the 1 1 th of August, 1850, he married Miss Margaret McKay, daughter of Robert McKay, Esq., and in 1856 came to Canada, settling in Montreal. By industry, honesty, and economy, he built up a large and flour- ishing business as tea merchant, which has since become known throughout the Dominion. His parents were mem- bers of the Church of England, but Mr. Stroud and his wife were earnest Bap- tists. He took the deepest interest in home missionary enterprises, was at

one time president of the Home Missionary Conven- tion, and a member of the board of the Grand Ligne Mission. Many churches in the Province of Quebec, among which may be men- tioned those at Sherbrooke, Eaton, Lachute, and Gren- ville, as well as in other parts of the Dominion, owe their existence and freedom from debt to his generous aid, and it is also true that his interests were not con- fined to his own denomina- tion. Mr. Stroud was a loyal Englishman, a member and for some time president of St. George's Society, also president of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Women and Children, presi- dent of the Board of Pro- testant Associated Charities, etc., etc. He was also identified with the civic affairs of Montreal, being an alderman for three years; and also member of Mont- real Board of Trade. His death occurred January 2nd, 1890, and was deeply mourned by hundreds who knew his worth, and who would miss his help and sym- pathy. The memorial sermon preached by the Rev. A. G. Upham, in Olivet Baptist Church, Montreal, Sunday morning, January i4th, 1890, was a most fitting tribute to his memory. The speaker dwelt on his broad sym- pathy, marked individuality, trans- parent honesty, great industry, his large-heartedness, and high Christian character. In politics he was a Liberal- Conservative. He leaves a widow and ten children to mourn his death.

MEN OF CANADA,

THE LATE JAMES A. HOWLEY,

-*- contractor, of Montreal, was born in County Sligo, Ireland, June 25th, 1834, but was educated in Man- chester, England, where he studied civil engineering under Pauling £ Co., railway contractors. He came to Mont- real in 1857, and was for many years a leading builder and contractor for the Imperial Government. He erected many of the principal buildings, and took an active interest in matters national and political. He was a Radical of the Man- chester school of politics; and was Presi- dent of St. Patrick's Society from 1871 to 1873. He inaugurated the nine hour

labour movement in Montreal, in 1872, and was mainly instrumental in securing the granting of St Helen's Island for a public park. He was a deep student, and ranked among literary critics as one of the ripest Shakesperean scholars in Canada. Mr. Howley was married in the year 1857 to Elizabeth, only daughter of James Smart, of Man- chester, England, who, with one son, survives him. Mr. Howley was a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He died at his residence. Souvenir House, Montreal, December 1 7th, 1 894, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends.

'38

MEN OK CANADA..

THE LATE ROBERT TAYLOR,

•^ of Montreal, Que., was born in Kilmarnock, Scotland, June 21, 1820. He received his education in the schools of that country, and when eighteen years of age came to Canada, locating in Montreal. . Here he en- gaged in business with Mr. Henry Phillips, who carried on a large brew- ery. While thus employed he acquired a knowledge of that business, and after a time became the owner of the exten- sive works known as "Taylor's Brew- ery," on St. Lawrence street, Montreal. He was a careful and successful busi- •ness man, and built up a comfortable

fortune. In politics he was an Inde- pendent ; in religion a Presbyterian, and a prominent member of St. Paul's Church, Montreal. In 1844 Mr. Tay- lor was married to Jennet Lockie, daughter of George Lockie, of Mont- real, a descendant of an old Scotch family, among whom were many identi- fied with military matters. Mr. Taylor was for many years connected with the affairs of Montreal, and for twelve years held the office of Alderman. His family consists of two sons and two daughters, who, with his widow, sur- vive him. Mr. Taylor died in October, 1880, being in his 6ist year.

MKN or CANADA.

HE LATE WILLIAM

THOMAS BENSON was born April 2oth, 1824, at Parkside, near Ken- dal, Westmoreland, Eng- land. He was the third son of Robert and Dorothy Hen- son, belonging to a good old family of Quakers dating back to the year 1 106. Mr. Benson received his educa- tion at Kendal and by pri- vate tuition. For several years he was interested in the chemical manufacturing business in Manchester, Eng- land, but in 1859 emigrated to this country. Shortly af- ter his arrival he founded the "Edwardsburg Starch Co.," first as a private con- cern, and then as a joint stock company, about the year 1866, of which he was for many years vice-presi- dent and managing director. About the year 1866 he also began another business in Montreal, and under the firm name of \V. T. Benson & Co. carried on a large importing trade in foreign wool, heavy chemicals, and dyestuffs. He was, however, fond of the country, and although business necessitated fre- quent visits to Montreal he made his home in Cardinal, Ont., where in his leisure moments he interested himself in farming. His stock farm was the finest in the district, and he was one of the first importers of thoroughbred Here- ford cattle from England. He was a Mason, and a strong Conservative, and in 1882 was elected member for South Grenville in the Dominion Parliament, representing this constituency until the time of his death in June, 1885. Mr. Benson was married in England in

1858, and has one son and one daugh- ter. His son, George E. Benson, con- tinues the business of W. T. Benson & Co., under the same firm name, and also recently succeeded his father as president of the Edwardsburg Starch Co. Mr. Benson, jr., was born in 1864, and educated in England, receiving an English public school education at Up- pingham, and afterwards taking a course in the I'niversity of Oxford. His father's sudden death in 1885 caused his return to this country to devote himself to the management of his many important and varied business interests.

14°

MEN

CANADA.

JB. H. BEAUREGARD, Notary 9 Public, and ex-Mayor of Iber- ville, Que., was born in the parish of St. John Baptiste, Rouville County, Que., July 3Oth, 1847. His father is John Baptiste Beauregard, while his mother's maiden name was Sophie Bissonnette, both being of French origin and still living. Mr. Beauregard received his classical edu- cation at St. Hyacinthe College. He afterwards took up the study of the notarial profession with Mr. V. Vincel- lette, notary, Iberville. Admitted to practice in May, 1874, he opened an office in Iberville, where he has since

remained, and is a member of the provincial board of notaries. As a notary he is regarded as being in the front ranks of his profession, and has built up a very ex- tensive practice in Iberville and district surrounding. In addition to his private prac- tice Mr. Beauregard has been secretary of Iberville County for the past sixteen years, and of the parish for the past twenty-two years. In 1888 he occupied the highest municipal office in the gift of the citizens, being elected Mayor. He is also clerk of the Circuit Court of Iberville County, which posi- tion he has held for over ten years. In politics Mr. Beauregard is a Conserva- tive, taking an active inter- est in the affairs of that party, and has been three times chosen to represent his county for parliament- ary honors, but has always declined. Mr. Beauregard has been married twice, his first wife being Miss H. Dacier, daughter of Joseph Dacier, one of the oldest inhabitants, and a most highly respected citizen of Iberville. She died in May, 1887, leaving four children. He then went to Europe and took an extended trip over the greater part of the Continent, after which he returned and resumed practice. He was married again, August 2oth, 1888, to Miss Laura L. DeMartigny, daughter of Dr. C. L. De- Martigny, of St. Jerome, Que., and niece of the manager of the Jacques Carder Bank, Montreal. His family consists of two children, one son and one daughter.

MKN OH* CANADA.

141

TfRE

vREDERICK GILLESPIE PET- |v ERS, joint proprietor and mana- ger of the late Montreal Saturday Night, was born July 6th, 1874, in the city of Quebec. His parents are Henry J. Peters and Elma de Lisle. He was educated at the Jesuit College, St. Boniface, Manitoba ; and the High School, Regina, N.W.T. After com- pleting his commercial studies he en- tered the law office of Mr. T. C. John- stone, and two years later went to Ottawa College to resume the study of classics. Here he remained one year, when he removed to Montreal, and entered the office of A. A. Ayer & Co.,

where he continued a year. He then went into the business office of the Montreal Star, remaining there for one year, and shortly afterwards became connected with the Montreal Saturday Night, as manager and joint proprietor. This journal he assisted in conducting with marked ability until its suspension, when he engaged in the management and development of the Peters' Sash Patent Manufacturing Co., whose goods are fast coming into public favor, and meeting a long-felt want with builders. In politics Mr. Peters is a Liberal ; in religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

142

MEN OF" CANADA.

JOSEPH JEAN GOULET, Montreal, Que., was born at Liege, Belgium, Feb. 22nd, 1870. He received his classical educa- tion in the schools of his native town, and his musical training at the well- known Conservatory of Music, Liege. He commenced the study of music when seven years of age, and three years later took up the study of violin playing, which he has since followed. When fourteen years old he took first prize in theory and solfege, and at nine- teen had completed his course on the violin. He practised with Muzin, a native of Liege, and studied under

Heynberg, who was also the teacher of Muzin, now one of the world-renowned violinists. For five years he conducted the orchestral society in Liege known as the "Disciples of Mozart." At nine- teen he was engaged at Havre, France, as violin soloist and conductor of orchestra. In 1891 he came to Mont- real, where he has since established himself as a leading violinist. He is well known as a concert soloist, is teacher of the violin at St. Marie Col- lege, Montreal ; has a large class of private pupils, and is choirmaster of St. Joseph Church, Montreal. In politics he is an Independent.

MKN

CANAMA.

'43

TOUIS VANPOUCKE, cornetist, ^1 Montreal, Que., was born Sept.

^^ 8th, 1873, in Belgium. His father was Joseph Jean Baptiste Van- poucke, a well-known musician of that country, elsewhere referred to in this volume in connection with the history of the brother of our subject. Mr. Vanpoucke received his education in Belgium, and early in life began to study the trumpet and cornet under the best masters obtainable, and became very skilful on these instruments. In 1891 he obtained a first-class diploma at the Ghent Conservatory, which is one of the best known institutions for

musical training in the Old World. In 1892 he was engaged as trumpet soloist at Rotterdam, in the Rotterdamsche Schutterig (musical corps), which is to Holland what the Garde Republicaine and the Guides are to France and Bel- gium. In 1893 he came to Canada, locating in Montreal, where he has be- come favorably known as a musician. The trumpet is his favorite instrument, and he is a popular soloist in Sohmer Pare, French opera, etc. He now teaches the cornet, trumpet, and solfe"ge with great success in Montreal to a large number of pupils. In religion he is a Roman Catholic.

144

MEN

CANADA.

JOSEPH ADALBERT DU- FRESNE, D.V.S., practising veterinary surgeon, Montreal, was born Nov. i3th, 1864, in that city. His parents were D. Amedee Dufresne, gentleman, and Emelie Racicot. Dr. Dufresne was educated at Montreal College, where he spent five years ; also attended the Montcalm Academy for three years, after which he engaged in commercial life for ten years. In 1890 he commenced the study of veter- inary science at Laval University, grad- uating in 1893. He was the gold med- allist of the class during the session of 1892-93. Immediately after graduation

he located on Dufresne St., Montreal, where he has since remained, built up a large and lucrative practice, and is one of the best known veterinary surgeons in Montreal. In politics Dr. Dufresne is a Conservative, and takes an active part in the interests and welfare of his party. In religion a Roman Catholic. In Sept. nth, 1888, he was married to Hermance Michaud, of Cacouna. His family consists of three daughters. The doctor is a member of the Canadian Order of Foresters and Independent Order of Foresters, also honorary mem- ber of the Veterinary Medical Associa- tion of Laval University.

MEN or CANADA.

'45

l^RNEST STEVENS, Coteau Landing, "V«> Quebec, Deputy Registrar of the County of Soulanges, was born April iQth, 1869, at Coteau du Lac, Quebec. His father was Paul Stevens, while his mother's maiden name was Marie Leveille. Mr. Stephens re- ceived his education at the parish schools of his birthplace, and continued the same at the Business College, Montreal. When only twenty-one years of age, he received the ap- pointment of Deputy-Registrar of the County of Soulanges, and has since filled this office with the best of satisfaction. He is also Secretary-Treasurer of the Municipal Coun- cil of Coteau Landing, Secretary-Treasurer of the School Commissioners and School Trustees, and Commissioner of the Superior Court. The success of Mr. Stevens began early in life, a result, no doubt, of his youth- ful training, education, and ability. Judging from his young manhood and past success, it is safe to predict for him an honorable and successful career. In religion he is a mem- ber of the Roman Catholic Church. On account of his official position he takes no part whatever in political affairs.

ERNEST STEVENS.

J. O. ALFRED LAFOREST.

JO. ALFRED LAFOREST, C.E., Acting Superintendent of Montreal Water Works, was born August 23rd, 1867, at Joliette, Que. He is the son of Pierre Laforest, of Joliette. Mr. Laforest was educa- ted at Joliette College, afterwards following a course of civil engineering at the Polytechnic School of Montreal, where he graduated with honors in May, 1887. He was then ap- pointed first assistant engineer on the Mont- real and Lake Maskinonge Railway, until the spring of 1888, when he entered as first assistant engineer of the Great Northern Railway. In July, 1889, he was appointed deputy superintendent of the Montreal Water Works ; and since May, 1895, has been acting superintendent. Considering his age, Mr. Laforest has gained an honor- able place in his profession, and there is doubtless a desirable position for him in the mechanical and scientific world. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He has never taken an active part in politics. He was married, November 2oth, 1893, to Alice, daughter of Adolphe Cherrier, Prothonotary of the Circuit Court of Montreal.

146

MEN

CANADA.

JOSEPH FORD, SR.

JOSEPH FORD, SR., paper manufac- <&S turer, Portneuf, Que., was born near Manchester, England, in 1832. He was educated at the Royal Grammar School in Manchester. His father, John Ford, was a prominent paper manufacturer, from whom our subject received that early training which has made him so successful. In 1850 he came to Canada, settling in Portneuf, being engaged by Messrs. McDonald & Logan as manager of their mills. In 1862 Mr. Ford built a mill at Portneuf, and, later, took into partnership two of his sons, the firm being styled J. Ford & Co. His determined energy has met with a well-merited success, and he is now head of a firm controlling three mills, which manufacture printing, wall, and wrap- ping papers, wood board, straw board, roofing felt, etc., etc. He is one of those men who, from a humble beginning, has by diligent perseverance won a high position, and is a worthy example for the rising gener- ation. In politics Mr. Ford is a Conservative; in religion a Presbyterian. In 1851 he mar- ried Miss Isabella Smith. His second son at present is Mayor of Portneuf.

TOUIS DOUCET, lumber merchant and ^vs furniture manufacturer, Coteau, Que., was born at St. Polycarpe, Que., December 5th, 1857. His father was Charles Doucet, a prominent agriculturist of that place, while his mother was Angelique Daust, a native of Quebec, both descendants of well-known French families. Mr. Doucet was educated at the Christian Brothers' School, Montreal. After completing his studies he spent thirteen years as a general merchant, after which he was engaged in railroading for three years, and then in the grain business for about five years. In 1886 he engaged in lumbering operations, in which he has since continued. To-day he has a very large connection in this line, also carries on business as dealer in furniture. In religion, Mr. Doucet is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; in politics, a supporter of the Conservative party. He is also a member of the C.O.F., in which order he has held the office of Chief Ranger. Oct. 2nd, 1883, Mr. Doucet was married to Miss Lucy Steel, daughter of Cornelius Steel, a native of Coteau, Que. His family consists of six daughters.

LOUIS DOUCET.

ST. JOHNS, QUK.

itv

I HIS important and picturesque town is situated at the head of the Chambly Canal, on the west shore of Richelieu river, nestling at the feet of the navigable waters of Lake Champlain. It is about twenty miles north of the United States frontier, and some twenty-seven miles southeast of Mont- real. St. Johns enjoys the distinction of being the terminus of the first railway built in ( '.mad. i. vi/., that which ran from that point to Laprairie. This was about the year 1840, and travellers after leaving the new road en route for Montreal and New York would go via steam or canal boat. However, after the lapse of nearly half a century, St. Johns has direct connection with the Grand Trunk, Canadian Pacific, and Central Vermont railways, and is indi- rectly connected with the Delaware and Hudson road. It is the great industrial and commercial centre of the prosperous district of Iberville, which embraces the counties of St. Johns, Iberville, and Napierville, and is a trading and manufacturing point of very great importance. St. Johns has the honor of being the birthplace of potteries in the Dominion of Canada. At the present time (1896) there are in full operation within the town, and in Iberville, just opposite, nearly a dozen factories for the manufacture of different kinds of stone and earthenware. These concerns employ in the neighborhood of one thousand hands, and their enormous output finds ready market in various parts of our great Dominion. There is also a large hosiery factory, a silk textile factory, and several other kindred industries of lesser note, all running up to their capacity, and sending their well-reputed products to our principal markets. The lumbering business is a notable feature of the activity of this busy town, while one of the largest hat factories on the continent, employing two

JAMES MACPHERSON, P.M.

hundred and fifty hands, has done much to make this manufacturing centre favorably known throughout the Dominion. St. Johns is of historic importance in connection with military matters away back in the " forties." The present well-equipped barracks to the south of the town was built by the British Government nearly fifty years ago, and are now the home of the Royal School of Infantry, where officers and men are thoroughly instructed in military matters. There are three churches in the town, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Church of of England. Two large nunneries, a Roman Catholic school, an English High School, and the district school. The business por- tion of St. Johns is fully alive to public requirements. The market and the different marts of traffic are open six days per week. Iberville, directly opposite, is connected for general traffic by a bridge half a mile in length, while the river is spanned by two railway bridges close by. To Montreal, 27 miles distant, there are eight daily trains each way, while convenient service is sup- plied to St. Armand, 25 miles distant ; Lacalle, 18 miles ; Rouse Point, 24 miles ; Waterloo, 43 miles; Farnham, 17 miles; Magog, 62 miles ; Sherbrooke, 90 miles ; and St. Albans, 43 miles. The business portion of St. Johns was completely de- stroyed by fire in 1876, but was promptly rebuilt, and the present warehouses, whole- sale establishments and retail stores, are thought to be finer than are to be found in any other place of like size in Canada. The streets are very beautiful, being broad and well laid out, and the town is provided with an excellent system of waterworks which supplies abundance of pure water to all the inhabitants. There is also an efficient and splendidly equipped fire department, afford- ing ample protection to property holders.

148

MEN

CANADA.

GEORGE

UGHTON ORTER,

M.A., B.D., pastor of the Methodist Church, St. Johns, Que., was born at Toronto, Ont, Sept 7th, 1844. His parents were William Por- ter, of the city of Armagh, and Elizabeth King, daugh- ter of Rev. James King, Episcopal clergyman, Dub- lin, Ireland. They came to Canada in 1843, locating in Toronto. Mr. Porter was educated in the public and high schools of Ontario, and at Victoria College, Co- bourg ; University College, Toronto; and Bishop's Col- lege, Lennoxville, Que. He graduated in Arts at Bishop's College, taking his B.A. in 1880, and M.A. in 1884 ; and at the Wesleyan Theo- logical College, Montreal, in Divinity, with the degree of B.D., in 1890. Prior to en- tering the ministry, in 1874, he served successfully as principal of public schools at Bradford and Richmond Hill, and as English and science master in the high schools of Guelph and Gan- anoque. During this period, in con- nection with H. S. Broughton, Esq., now P. M. of Bradford, he was for sev- eral years joint proprietor and publisher of the South Simcoe News. In that capacity, wielding a vigorous and trenchant pen, and being a more than usually effective platform speaker, he rendered his party valuable service both on the hustings and in the editorial chair. He is still a prolific contributor to the press, and a frequent lecturer on literary and religious topics, temper- ance and social reform. Mr. Porter is

L

regarded as one of the most scholarly and eloquent preachers and successful pastors of the Montreal Conference, and has served his Church with great acceptance at Melbourne, Ormstown, Lennoxville, Danville, Compton, Mont- real, Cowansville, Frankville, and St. Johns, his present charge. He is also a member of the Masonic Order, the A.O.U.W., and I.O.O.F. He was married in February, 1865, to Martha Walker, of Bradford, Ont, who is still living, and in the prime of vigorous womanhood, having, like her able and popular husband, the promise of many happy and useful years.

MKN or- CANADA.

• 49

JAMES MACPHKRSON, Post- master, St. Johns, Que., was born in Glengarry County, Ont., Oct. i 7th, 1833. His father was Duncan Macpherson, and his mother was Margaret Macdonald, the former being a contractor and builder. Mr. Macpherson was educated at the public schools, Lancaster, Ont. He began business life as clerk in a general store in St. Johns, Que., and after five years succeeded his employers in business, taking into partnership with him Mr. Sinclair, the firm being Macpherson & Sinclair. In 1881 he sold out the busi- ness, and was appointed postmaster.

Mr. Macpherson was the originator of the St. Johns Glass Co., which was es- tablished in 1875 ; also of the Stone Chinaware Co., started in 1873 ; direc- tor of St. Johns Shoe Co., and presi- dent of the Hoard of Trade of St. Johns for ten years. He was also five times a delegate to the I )ominion Board of Trade. In religion Mr. Macpherson has been a member of the Methodist denomination for over forty years, and recording steward for over thirty years. He has been married three times, the last marriage being to the eldest daughter of Rev. G. H. Davis, of Pet- erboro, Ont.

'5°

XI EN OF CANADA.

LATE FRANCOIS MON- ETTE, of St. Jean d'Iberville, Que., was born in 1819 at St. Valentin, Province of Quebec. His father was Denis Monette, and his mother Marie Homier. His educational advantages were very limited, and he had early in life to look out for himself. He learned the trade of stonemason, at which he worked until 1843. By thrift and economy he had accumulated quite a capital, and in 1844 started an hotel, and also did some speculating in horses and lumber. He was very successful in these undertakings, and succeeded in amassing quite a fortune. In 1843 he

married Adelaide Lefebvre. He had a family of twenty-three children. In reli- gion he was a Roman Catholic, and for many years held the office of church- warden. He was also one of the founders of the St. Jean Baptiste So- ciety, in St. Jean d'Iberville, and an active member of the same until his death. He was also deeply interested in the industrial and financial institu- tions of the place, and a most public- spirited citizen. Mr. Monette died in 1891. He was a man highly respected by all who knew him, and noted for his honesty and probity in all his walks of life.

MEN OF CANADA.

5'

ISAAC HEVEY, merchant tailor, St. Johns, Que., was born in St. Barnabe, St. Hyacinthe County, Que., March i5th, 1859. His father was Emanuel Hevey, a prominent agri- culturist of that place ; while his mother was Domithilde Lariviere, a descend- ant of an old French family. Mr. Hevey received his education at St. Hyacinthe College, after which he learned the trade of tailor in that city. In 1876 he went to Lewiston, Maine, where he remained two years, when he located in St. Johns, Que. Here he became manager for Messrs. Langelier & Decelles for three years. In 1881

he commenced business for himself in St. Johns, and to-day has a large and profitable trade, doing an extensive business not only in his own town, but also throughout the Eastern Townships and the city of Montreal. He is a large employer of labor, and is one of the substantial business men of St. Johns. In religion Mr. Hevey is a Roman Catholic. He is also a member of the Artizans' Society, of which he is a director. July 27th, 1881, he married Josephine Papenaude, daughter of Michael Papenaude, Esq., of Iberville, Que. His family consists of two children.

'52

MEN OF" CANADA.

McCONKEY, merchant tailor and gents' furnishings, St. Johns, Que., was born in Bel- fast, Ireland, Nov. 9th, 1847. He re- ceived his education in the schools of Ireland, and also learned the trade of tailor in that country. Believing there was a better prospect of advancement for young men of push on this side of the Atlantic than in his native land, in 1872 he came to America, and first lo- cated in Boston, Mass., where he re- mained three years. He then removed to St. Johns, Quebec, where he has since resided. His first engagement here was as cutter for Mr. G. E. Clement,

with whom he remained two years. In March, 1877, he began business for himself, as above stated. He now has the leading establishment of the kind in the town, carries an immense stock of the very best goods, which he im- ports from the largest centres of this and the European .continent. Mr. Mc- Conkey is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also a Forester and a mem- ber of the A.O.U.W. In politics he is a supporter of the Conservative party ; and in religion a member of the Church of England. He was married in Sep- tember, 1878, to Jane C. Beal, of Sack- ville, New Brunswick.

MEN OP CANADA.

'53

J

OS. A. FOURNIER, Notary Public and Commissioner of the Supreme Court, St. Johns, Que., was born Dec. 2ist, 1830, in Chambly Basin, Que. His father was Joseph Fournier, while his mother's maiden name was Leo CadieLamoureux, both now deceased. Mr. Fournier was educated at Chambly College. He then took up the study of the notarial profession in St. Hyacinthe, and after being admitted to practice located in St. Johns in 1873, where he has since conducted asuccessful business. In addi- tion to his private practice he is assistant collector of canal tolls under the Fed-

eral Government, and Commissioner of the Supreme Court. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion a Roman Catholic. Mr. Fournier was married in 1858 to Miss Zenoide Casavant. His family consists of five children. The eldest son, Eugene, is an architect in Montreal ; his second son, J. O., is an advocate in that city ; his daughter Marie is at home; Aurore is a Grey Nun in Toledo, Ohio, where she has been since 1888 ; while his daughter Clara is married to Dr. F. X. Lange- lier, in Montreal. Mr. Fournier is high- ly respected in professional and social circles.

'54

MEN OF CANADA.

TAURENT MOREAU, wholesale

JL and retail grocery merchant, St. ^® Johns, Que., was born in the County of St. Johns, Que., Dec. i7th, 1848. His father was John Baptiste Moreau, and on both paternal and ma- ternal sides he is descended from French families of celebrity. Mr. Moreau received a good practical edu- cation in the public schools, after which he was employed in different mercan- tile houses, where he gained a practical knowledge of business affairs. He be- gan operations for himself in St. Johns in 1878, and is now one of the most successful merchants of that place, being

a man of acknowledged ability, sound integrity, and high moral character. His business embraces both wholesale and retail departments, the trade now extending throughout the Eastern Town- ships, and although at present very large is still on the increase. In reli- gion Mr. Moreau is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; and in poli- tics a supporter of the Liberal party. He was married January i8th, 1870, to Miss Rose ©elima Godeau, a native of Quebec Province, and of French par- entage. Mr. Moreau has a family of eight children, six sons and two daugh- ters.

MK.N oi* CANADA.

'55

OUIS NAPOLEON BOISVERT, St. Johns, Que., was born in Notre Dame de Bonsecours, Oct. iith, 1865. He received his early education in Farnham, Que., and pur- sued his classical studies at Marieville and Laval Universities. In 1884 he took up the study of law under the late T. C. Delorimer and Judge Pagnuelo. In 1885 he was appointed official sten- ographer for the District of Montreal, and practised as such until 1890, when he received the same appointment for the District of Iberville. Mr. Boisvert is one of the few official stenographers in Quebec Province qualified and author-

ized to write both the French and Eng- lish languages befo're the courts of justice. He is an officer of the 85th Battalion, and very popular in military circles. He has taken a prominent part in the amateur musical organiza- tions of St. Johns; is also president of the "Alliance Nationale," St. Johns ; a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, St. Joseph and Artizans' Societies. April iQth, 1894, he married Elmelie, daughter of J. S. Messier, At- torney, St. Johns, Que. His family consists of one son. In politics he is a Liberal ; he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

MEN OF CANADA.

V\/ESLEY KNIGHT, manager of r r the Dominion Sanitary Co., St. Johns, Que., was born there Feb. 7th, 1852. His father was John Knight, and his mother was Mar- tha Biddey, both natives of the Emerald Isle. Mr. Knight was educated at St. Johns, and is essentially a self-made man. From early youth he has been engaged in the stoneware business, with the exception of seven years which he spent as carpenter. He abandoned this, however, and returned to his former occupation. From 1887 until 1891 Mr. Knight was employed in a pottery in London, Ont, and from that time until

1894 was in business with his father-in- law, whom he succeeded after his death. A new firm was organized in Sept., 1894, composed of Mr. Knight, Mr. W. B. Malcolm, of Toronto, and William Bowler, of St. Johns, the latter and Mr. Knight being joint managers. They are manufacturers of sanitary wares, made exclusively from clay im- ported from England, and employ quite a staff of skilled workmen. Mr. Knight was married to Miss Emma Bowler. His family consists of seven children, two sons and five daughters. In politics he is a supporter of the Liberal party ; in religion a Methodist.

MEN or CANADA.

'57

A. LAROCQUE, photographer, St. Johns, Que., was born in Versales, Connecticut, U.S. A., May 25th, 1873. His father's name was Augustin Larocque, and his mother's maiden name was Rose Delima Potvin, of French descent, both natives of the County of Iberville, Que. After com- pleting his education, Mr. Larocque took up the study of photography, in the ac- quirement of which he spent consider- able time in some of the leading studios of the United States. After becoming proficient in the art, he decided to begin operations in Canada, opening a gallery in St. Johns, Que., in 1895, on his own

account. He does all kinds of high- class work in his line, has a very pleas- ant place of business, which is complete in all its departments, and is fast work- ing up an extensive patronage. Feb. 25th, 1895, Mr. Larocque was married to Miss Mederise Dextraze, the daughter of Theodule Dextraze, a well-known citizen of Iberville, Que. In religion Mr. Larocque is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; in politics a supporter of the Liberal platform. He is also a member of St. Joseph Society, and is deeply interested in all that tends to- ward the material advancement and the general welfare of the community.

MEN OP* CANADA.

/5)YRILLE H. CHAMPAGNE, i Notary, St. Eustache, Que-

^•- -^^ bee, was born at that place January 8th, 1835. He is the eldest son of Simon Champagne, a prominent agriculturist, and of Mary Josephte Labelle. The former was one of the followers of Chenier, in 1837. Mr. Champagne received his education at St. Therese College. In 1855 he com- menced the study of the notarial pro- fession, completing his course in 1859, and opening an office in St. Eustache. Since that time he has occupied all the public charges and offices of his parish. He is a Commissioner of the Superior

Court, a most prominent member of his profession, and his deeds are remarkable for their accuracy. Through his finan- cial ability he has acquired a large fortune and a most enviable reputation. In religion he is a Roman Catholic; in politics a Conservative, and has declined the candidature for the County of Two Mountains. Oct. 2nd, 1860, he married Marie Josephine Lefebvre, who died Sept. 2nd, 1879. Of this marriage two children are living, viz. : Hector, an attorney at St. Eustache, and Blanche, wife of Mr. Theophile Migneron, of St. Laurent. His second marriage was to Henrietta Galarneau, June 4th, 1881.

MEN OP CANADA.

'59

JOSEPH PIERRE CARREAU, LL.D., «^ St. Johns, Que., was born at Ste. Marie de Monnoir, April 28th, 1838. His parents were Joseph Carreau and Yphigenie Choquette. He graduated from Montreal College in 1859. He then studied law with Laberge & McDonald, St. Johns, and at the Jesuit College, Montreal, obtained his LL.D. in 1861, and completed his law course in 1862. He has since practised in St. Johns, where he is now Crown prosecutor. He was elected Mayor of St. John's by acclama- tion in 1880 and 1881. In politics he is an active Conservative, but always declined being a candidate for office. July 27th, 1885, he was appointed Registrar of St. Johns County by the Taillon Government. During the Trent affair he joined the militia, was present at the Fenian raid in 1866, at Pigeon Hill for two months, as lieutenant of the 2ist Battalion R.L.T. In 1870 he was appointed lieutenant-colonel for regimentary division of the County of St. Johns. On his retirement in 1879 he was gazetted lieuten- ant-colonel. His second wife is a daughter of Sheriff Leprohon.

EUGENE ARCHAMKAULT.

I"-KI'H PIKRRK CARRI.AU, I.I..I).

ARCHAMBAULT, Notary,

St. Johns, Que., was born at St. Paul L'Ermite, January 4th, 1836. His father was Joseph Archambault, a prominent agriculturist, while his mother was Marie Beauchamp, both being of French descent. Mr. Archambault was educated at L'As- somption, Que., from 1849 to 1853. He then took up the study of law, and in 1857 successfully passed his examinations ad- mitting him to the practice of the notarial profession. He commenced practice at Lacadie, where he continued for two years. In 1860 he went to California, where he re- mained until 1862, when he located in St. Johns, at which place he has since resided, and where he has had a very large and select practice as notary. In the early days of his residence in St. Johns he took a lively in- terest in municipal matters, and in 1864 was appointed Secretary-Treasurer of the County Council, which office he still holds. In 1894 he was appointed agent for the collection of the Seigneurial rents in the County of St. Johns. December 27th, 1880, he married Sarah Gelineau, a native of St. Johns, Que.

i6o

MEN

CANADA.

DR. PAUL ETIENNE URANDBOIS, M.P.

®<7NR. PAUL ETIENNE GRAND- AD BOIS, M.P., physician and surgeon, Fraserville, Que., was born in 1846, at Ste. Philornene, County of Chateauguay, Que. His parents were Paul and Louis (Dallaire) Grandbois. He was educated at the Montreal College, and the College of St. Therese, and is also a graduate of Laval University. Since receiving his degree of M.D. he has practised his profession in Riviere du Loup, en bas. He has been Governor of the Board of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Q uebec Province for many years. In politics the doctor is a Conservative. He was first returned to Parliament in 1878 ; elected by acclamation in 1882 ; re-elected in 1887, and again in 1891. He is not only an able and influential member of his profession, but ably represents the important constituency which has so repeatedly sent him to Par- liament. Dr. Grandbois was married in 1874 to Miss Alma Pelletier, second daughter of the late Georges Pelletier, of Riviere du Loup, and after her death he married Miss Josephine Pelletier, his deceased wife's sister.

®<J?)EV. CHARLES DAVID BACON, Jt^^ L'Islet, Que., was born March 2nd, 1840, at St. Pierre, Que. He took his classical course at the College of Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, and was or- dained July 3ist, 1864. At the request of the directors of the college he remained professor at his alma mater until 1875. In July of that year Father Bacon took charge of his native parish, and in September, 1876, of Notre Dame de Laterriere. In 1879 he was called to Berthier, Montmagny County, and in October, 1881, came to his present charge. This parish is a flourishing one. The rich sculpture and abundant gilding are largely due to the munificence of Father Jacques Panet, who also left the church, amongst other precious things, three sacred vases of gold. In addition to the church, the college and convent also demand much of Father Bacon's attention. Since his in- cumbency he has renovated the beautiful church, decorated the chapel and altars, placed a superb organ in the gallery, erected two large steeples, in which he has placed four beautiful bells.

REV. CHARLES DAVID BACON.

ST. HYACINTHE

HY

A. DENIS

I HE young and important city of St. •^ Hyacinthe has already won so enviable a place in the business world that we feel we ought to give a short account of its establishment, its development, and its resources. This busy centre is admirably situated on the borders of the RiverYamaska.

The seigniory of St. Hyacinthe, which has a surface of 108 miles, was conceded November 2jrd, 1748, to Pierre-Francois de Kigaud, who five years later yielded it to Sir Jacques-Hyacinthe Simon de Lorme for 4,000 francs ($666.66). In 1757 the first dwelling was constructed by the seigneur at Rapide Plat. The first concession of land was made in 1763, and in 1775 a deputy of the Bishop of Quebec chose the actual site of the city, to establish there the new parish of St. Hyacinthe. In 1780 a church 32 x 50 feet was built in wood, and in 1797 a beauti- ful church of stone, 50 x in feet, replaced it. A century later eight large churches and chapels hardly sufficed for the religious ser- vice of the population of the city, while twenty churches in as many parishes served the population of the rest of the seigniory.

St. Hyacinthe was made a municipality in 1850. It is from this epoch that its material development dates, although fire and water may have at different times retarded its progress ; the inundations of 1862 and 1884, which carried away the high roads, and the fire of the 3rd of September, 1876, which reduced the city to ashes, will remain profoundly engraven in the memory of the population. However, the native energy of this city was not reduced to de- spondency by these calamities, and in a little time it arose again from its ruins incompar-

ably larger and more beautiful. Twenty years after its destruction by fire, St. Hya- cinthe is completely transformed ; its numer- ous buildings, its large public and private edifices, its water and fire department, its magnificent villas, its imposing corporations and educational establishments, its electric lighting, the facilities offered by the four railways which traverse it, make it one of the most elegant, best built, and most im- portant cities of the province. Its clean streets and borders of beautiful trees, its incomparable Boulevard Girouard, its cen- tral park, and the beautiful sheet of water of the Yamaska, make it a most agreeable and exquisite place of residence.

St. Hyacinthe is very renowned for its numerous corporations and educational establishments, which make it a centre un- surpassed and exceptional. Its great college, founded in 1809 by the Rev. Antoine Gir- ouard, then curate of the city, is justly considered one of the best on the American continent. Some skilful professors there give a course of classical studies to more than three hundred pupils. This institution provides the most recent instruments, pos- sesses, moreover, a beautiful library of more than twenty thousand volumes, a most complete museum, a rare collection of in- sects, coins, stones, etc. The college is agreeably situated in the middle of trees, and its garden is ornamented with flowers, fountains, statues, kiosks, and coquettish and charming groves. The Hotel-Dieu of St. Hyacinthe, for orphans and invalids, was founded by the Rev. Edward Crevier in 1840. This house gives charitable care in eleven subordinate hospitals (chapels of ease)

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in the diocese and in the United States, of which the two principal are the Ouvroir Ste. Genevieve, at St. Hyacinthe, where aged women, without homes, help to take care of the invalids and poor children of the city; and the Metairie St. Joseph, where the orphans learn the art of culture in all its forms. The religious ladies of the Presenta- tion de Marie, established in the diocese in 1853, give in the head institution and the twenty-five branches of it education to more than six thousand young girls, and prepare them with much care to become good mothers and ornaments to society. The Monastery of the Soaurs du Precieux Sang, founded in 1861 by Mgr. Jos. Larocque, with its seven branch monasteries in Canada and United States, occupy a place of predilection in the heart of the population. These nuns adore the precious blood of the Divine Cruci- fied One, and address fervent prayers to the Eternal Father for the great good of hu- manity. The Rev. Fathers Dominicains, called to the diocese in 1873 by Mgr. Charles Larocque, direct the Parish of Notre Dame du Rosaire, teach theology to the novices, and distribute with a rare talent the Divine Word in the parishes of the province. The Sisters of St. Joseph, founded in 1877 by Mgr. Moreau, employ themselves in the in- struction and education of youth in the primary schools, and in caring for and .visit- ing the sick in their eight missions. The Brothers of the Sacre-Coeur, the head in- stitution of which is at Arthabaska, have given education to the young boys of the city, to the Academic Girouard, for thirteen years. More than eight hundred children are under their care. They are under the control of the School Commission for the city. The Mariste Brothers, who give a commercial education in six establishments in the diocese, have had their head institu- tion and their noviciat established at St. Hyacinthe since 1892. There are still eight academies more, one of which is Protestant, besides two private schools. St. Hyacinthe

has been head of a diocese since 1853, Mgr. L. Z. Moreau is the titulary, with Mgr. de Druzipara as coadjutor ; the chief town of a judiciary district, the Hon. L. Tellier is the Judge; the chief town of the county; the general quarters of the 84th Battalion, Lieutenant-Colonel A. Denis, commandant. It is also the centre of a vast and rich agri- cultural district, and the principal cheese market of this section of the province ; hay, the products of the dairy and of the inner yard, and the grains and vegetables of all sorts, are the object of very considerable transaction. The Industrial Dairy School, the only one in the province, gives a prac- tical education in the making of butter and cheese to a great number of manufacturers every year. Four railways — the Grand Trunk, the Canadian Pacific, the Drummond County Railway, and that of the United Counties — offer every facility to manufacturers and merchants for disposing of their pro- ducts and victuals. The Bell Telephone, Pare and Drummondville, putting St. Hya- cinthe within easy call of the great centres, and the most part of the surrounding par- ishes. St. Hyacinthe possesses a chamber of commerce and a business club. The horse trade is considerable, and ten to twelve carloads are expressed each week to the United States. The Bank of St. Hyacinthe, and the branches of the National Bank and the Eastern Townships Bank, offer to com- merce and industry all the accommodation desirable for the transaction of business. There are three printing offices, where seven publications, daily, half-daily, weekly, bi- monthly, and monthly, are printed. These journals are : L' Union, Le Courrier, La Tribune, L'Echo, La Voix du Precieux Sang, Le Rosaire, The Voice of the Precious Blood. The industrial establishments of St. Hya- cinthe are numerous and varied. The prin- cipal and most considerable are the Granite Mills, founded in 1882, manufacture of hosiery in all its branches, in silk and wool, flannels and woollen goods. The establish-

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ment, which occupies nearly 1,500 feet of front by 40 of width, employs more than 1,200 workmen, and pays more than $15,000 monthly in salaries. A machinery workshop, a flour mill, and a comb mill are attached to the establishment. The manufacture of boots and shoes is very important in St. Hyacinthe ; Messrs. Seguin & Laline and J. A. & M. Cote are the proprietors of two great establishments, and employ 600 work- men, who receive more than $200,000 wages per annum. The leather tannery is also an important industry; four large establish- ments, of which two of Messrs. Duclos & Payan and two of Messrs. E. F. Moseley & Co. employ more than 400 persons, and manufacture $600,000 worth of products, and pay above $100,000 in salaries per annum. " The Eastern Townships Corset Company" manufacture $150,000 worth of produce, with 200 employees, and pay $50,000 in salaries. The industry of making wooden and frame buildings occupies a good place in St. Hyacinthe. Three establish- ments employ more than 300 men ; Messrs. Paquet & Godbout, L. P. Morin, and L. Pickard direct these establishments. Iron, steel, and copper machinery take a con- siderable development at St. Hyacinthe, and have done so for some years. To mention only the most important, the workshops of Messrs. F. X. Bertrand, O. Chalifoux & Son, and C. A. Hamel, with a staff of 75 men, make $150,000 worth of engines, boilers, agricultural implements, etc. The Hydraulic Power Company,, established in 1894, four miles from the city, turn to profit a very powerful power of water for electric lighting, etc. Ten electric motor powers of 125 forces and more than 3,500 arc and incan- descent lamps are already in use in the city. Two organ factories, three great foundries, and a quantity of other industries of less im- portance, give a great activity to business. Trade is more advanced than in other cities of equal dimensions. The population in 1892 was 7,016, is to-day (1896) 12,000.

J[. A. BEAUDRY, M.D., C.M., St. Hya- ^v«> cinthe, Que., was born August I2th, 1864, in St. Hyacinthe, Que. His father's name is Leonard Beaudry, a well-known jeweler of St. Hyacinthe, while his mother's maiden name was Marie Lesperance, a native of Longueuil, Que., both being of French origin. Dr. Beaudry received his early education in St. Hyacinthe College. After completing his course at that institu- tion, he decided to follow the medical pro- fession, and, accordingly, in 1884, entered Victoria University, where, after a brilliant course, he graduated with the degrees of M.D., C.M., and highest honors in 1888. He immediately began the prac- tice of his profession in his native city, St. Hyacinthe, where he has built up a fine connection, and is highly esteemed by the medical fraternity and the public generally. In addition to his large private practice, Dr. Beaudry is examining physician to the I.O.F., C.M.B.A., and Artizans' Society, of which he is a member. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and interested in all matters of moral reform.

L. A. BEAUDRY, M.D., C.M.

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JODILOC DFSMARAIS, Ad- . vocate, St. Hyacinthe, was born Feb. 28th, 1854, in Joli- ette, Que. His parents were Jean Bap- tiste Desmarais and Kmilienne Beau- champ, both now deceased. Mr. Des- marais was educated at Joliette College ; studied law in Montreal under Sir Alex. Lacoste, at that time one of the ablest members of the Quebec Bar. He followed McGill Law Faculty, and graduated in 1876, taking the prize for thesis, and was valedictorian at the con- ferring of degrees. He was in connec- tion with L' Industrie, of Joliette, as edi- tor ; and afterwards with Le National,

of Montreal Admitted to the Bar in July, 1876, and in October of the same year became partner of Hon. H. Mer- cier, St. Hyacinthe. While there he was president of the printing company, and editor for many years of L1 Union. He was also elected president of many social and sporting clubs, and the St. Jean Baptiste Society, and is now a member of the I.O.F. For four years he was Crown prosecutor, and in this capacity won an enviable reputation. In 1890 Mr. Desmarais was elected a M.P.P. for St. Hyacinthe, but was de- feated in 1892. In politics 1 e is an staunch Liberal, and has done good work for his party at elec- tion contests for many years. He is now practising law in Montreal and St. Hyacinthe. In 1894 he was a member of the law firm of Green- shields, Greenshields & Des- marais, but left the same to carry on business on his own account. In 1895 he distinguished himself as the defender of Demers, in the celebrated murder case, and newspapers all over the country described him as being one of the ablest criminal lawyers of the Do- minion. Mr. Desmarais was married in 1877 to Miss T. C. Gelinas, daughter of Raphael Gelinas, and sister of the late Amie Gelinas, editor of La Minerve. His family consists of two sons and one daughter. In reli- gion Mr. Desmarais is a member of the Roman Cath- olic Church. He is one of the most highly respected citizens of St. Hyacinthe, and is popular with all classes.

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71 UGUST PARIZEAULT, St. Ji_ \ Hyacinthe, Que., was born

^® January nth, 1874, at St. Marc, Que. His father is Trefflet Parizeault, while his mother's maiden name was Elise Mazneette. Mr. Pari- zeault was educated at St. Cezaire College, Quebec. He afterwards learned the trade of barber, at which he worked for a time in some of the best establishments of the kind in his province. In the spring of 1895 he fell heir to a considerable property in St. Hyacinthe; and, having a good Knowl- edge of what was required to make a first-class tonsorial parlor, fitted up an

elegant establishment. He now em- ploys several first-class hands, has decidedly the best business of the kind in St. Hyacinthe, and it is also safe to say one which is unsurpassed in the accommodation afforded by any of the larger city parlors. Mr. Parizeault is also a most popular man with his acquaintances, being of a genial tem- perament. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, as are also his parents ; in politics he is a sup- porter of the Reform platform, and takes an intelligent interest in all matters pertaining to his Church and party.

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TlEUT.-COL. A. DENIS, command- JL ing the 84th Battalion, St. Hya-

^^ cinthe, editor and proprietor of La Tribune, St. Hyacinthe, Que., was born at St. Philomene, County Chat- eauguay, Que., Oct. 6th, 1846. His father, Hilaire Denis, was a mechanic. The Colonel was educated at Montreal College, and began the study of law in 1864. His father dying two years later, he was obliged to abandon his studies to help the other members of his family, he being the eldest of seven children. He tried several occupations, finally settling down to the printing and pub- lishing business. He removed to St.

Hyacinthe in May, 1871, where he has since resided. For fifteen years he was manager of the Union Printing Co., and in 1888 founded La Tribune, an in- dependent paper. The printing and publishing establishment of this journal is the finest and best equipped in the Eastern Townships, and Lt.-Col. Denis one of the most enterprising citizens of St. Hyacinthe. He is a French Cana- dian, and in religion a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He was mar- ried October 2nd, 1871, to Miss Marie Louise Vigent. His family consists of four children, one son and three daughters,

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OLIVER ST. JACQUES, M.D., physician and surgeon, St. Hya- cinthe, Que., was born in St. Roselin, Que., Oct. I3th, 1870. His father was Oliver St. Jacques, while his mother's maiden name was Rose Deli- mea Dansereau. The former was a farmer, and also carried on business as butcher and dealer in hides. From early life our subject was desirous of becoming a professional man, and with commendable energy set to work to earn the means necessary for his educa- tion. He pursued his studies at St. Hyacinthe College, after which he en- tered the medical department of Laval

University in 1891, graduating four years later with highest honors and the degree of M.D. He at once located in St. Hyacinthe, and has already laid the foundation of a successful medical prac- tice. The ambition and ability which the doctor possesses in so high a degree must necessarily bring him to the front in the realm of medical science. In ad- dition to his private practice he is ex- amining physician to St. Joseph Society, also the North American Insurance Company. In politics he is an Inde- pendent ; in religion a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and a much respected citizen.

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JOSEPH NAPOLEON LEMI- EUX, St. Hyacinthe, Que., was born in St. Rosalie, Aug. 1 9th, 1864. His father was Joseph Napoleon Lemieux, while his mother was Elizabeth Daigneau. Mr. Lemieux was educated at St. Rosalie and St. Hyacinthe. After completing his edu- cation, he entered the employ of H. J. Doherty, of St. Hyacinthe, with whom he remained four years. In 1882 he entered dry goods business on his own account, which line he followed for three years. He then engaged in the grain and flour business with C. Ledoux & Co., and after one year engaged with

Bernier & Co., until 1891, when he purchased their business in connection with G. C. Dessaulles, L. F. Morrison, and J. V. Papineau. This firm is now the most prosperous in St. Hyacinthe, and carries on a remunerative trade. In politics Mr. Lemieux is a Liberal; in religion a Roman Catholic. He is also a member of the Artizans' Society, the C.M.B.A., St. Joseph, and Alliance Nationale, secretary of the Agricultural Society of St. Hyacinthe, and of the WaterWorks Co., of Providence village, a suburb of St. Hyacinthe. Oct. 27th, 1884, he married Marie E., daughter of Francois Fortier, of St. Hyacinthe.

MBN or CANADA.

if,,,

JA. HAMEL, Collector of Cus- toms, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, was born at Three Rivers, Que., August 1 3th, 1833. His father was Antoine Hamel, who was connect- ed with the Hudson's Bay Co., while his mother was Marie Anne Bourque, both of French origin. Mr. Hamel received his education in St. Ours, Que. In 1869 he began business in Montreal, where he remained four years. He then removed to St. Hya- cinthe, starting as boot and shoe manu- facturer, where he succeeded in creating a business of immense proportions. He was appointed Collector of Customs at

St. Hyacinthe in 1879, and has since filled that office with general satisfac- tion. In early life Mr. Hamel was an active Conservative, and did much to advance the interests of that party. He was married, April 26th, 1854, to Oli- vine Olivier, daughter of Jean Baptiste Olivier, Esq., of Three Rivers, Que. His family consists of two sons and five daughters. His eldest daughter is now the wife of Judge Tellier, of St. Hyacinthe ; Arthur, his youngest son, is in business in that town ; while his sons-in-law, Leon Ringuet, is a professor of music, and Fremont St. Jacques is a produce merchant there.

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T A. CHOQUET, Postmaster, St. JL* Hyacinthe, Que., was born in ^® St. Denis, Que., August 4th, 1854. His father is Alexander Cho- quet, jailer at St. Hyacinthe for thirty years ; while his mother is Onesime Paradis, a native of St. Denis. Mr. Choquet was educated at St. Hyacinthe College, where he studied for five years. After being engaged in various lines for some years he started business as sta- tioner, in which line he continued for fifteen years, becoming well and favor- ably known. Then, in October, 1894, he became postmaster of St. Hyacinthe, which office he fills very satisfactorily,

and to-day has one of the best con- ducted post offices in the Dominion. In politics Mr. Choquet is a Conserva- tive, and for many years took an active part in political matters in connection with this party, being chief organizer for the same in his county. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He also belongs to the C.M.B.A., I.O.F., and Artizans' Society, having held office in connection with the latter. August ist, 1882, he mar- ried Marie Augenie Dufresne, daughter of Louis Dufresne, of St. Rosalie. His family consists of three children, one son and two daughters.

MEN OF CANADA.

^REDERIC JARRET, photo-

I grapher, St. Hyacinthe, Que., was born in that city, Sept. 26th, 1843. His parents were Seraphin Jar- ret and Therements Durocher, natives of the Province of Quebec. Mr. Jarret was educated at St. Charles, River Chambly, Que., where he resided seven years, receiving a first-class training, which has been of good service to him in his business dealings. He then spent six years in the United States, but in 1874 returned to St. Hyacinthe. From early boyhood his tastes had been in the direction of an artistic career, and his choice of photography for his

life's work was one for which he was in every way adapted. Having learned the art in all its branches, he opened a gallery in St. Hyacinthe, which he has since conducted successfully. He is now the oldest photographer in the city, and is justly entitled to a front place in his profession. He is a reliable business man, highly respected by all who know him. In politics Mr. Jarret is a Liberal; in religion a member of the Roman Catholic Church. In 1874 he was mar- ried to Miss Emma Blanchett, of Beloeil. His family consists of five children, two sons and three daughters, all of whom reside with him.

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OF* CANADA.

A/TAXMILLIAN OLIVIER IV I DAVID, merchant, St.

^^ Hyacinthe, Que., was born at St. Johns, Que., Oct. 4th, 1855. His father was Maxmillian Olivier David, merchant of St. Johns for twenty-five years, while his mother's maiden name was Julia Kagle, a descendant of an old German family. Mr. David was edu- cated at Joliette College, which he attended for three years. He was then for fifteen years engaged in business with his father. During this period he gained a very thorough knowledge of all details connected with the conduct of a dry goods establishment, and also

accumulated sufficient capital to start business on his own responsibility. Accordingly, in February, 1886, he com- menced operations in St. Hyacinthe, and has to-day a very large dry goods house, which is up to date in every de- partment, his goods being imported direct from the best markets in the world. In politics Mr. David is a Lib- eral; in religion a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. May 23rd, 1883, he was married to Panamelle Morin, a lady of French descent, and a native of Quebec. His family consists of one son.

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\ T ICIIAKL KSDKAS A\\ BERNIKR, M.P., ^ Notary, St. Hya- cinthe, Que., was born Sept. 2/th, 1841, at that, place. His parents were Ktienne Bernier and Julie Lussier. Mr. Bernier received his classical education at St. Hyacinthe Seminary. In 1862 he took up the study of the notarial profession with Mr. St. Germain, of St. Hyacinthe, with whom he served five years, being at the same time Deputy Registrar. In June, 1867, he was admitted to practice, and has since remained in St Hyacinthe. In 1882 he was elected to the Commons for St. Hyacinthe in the in- terests of the Liberal party, and has since been re-elect- ed at each general election. In 1864 he was appointed secretary-treasurer for the county, which office he has since held. From 1865 to 1880 he was secretary for School Board and munici- pal secretary for the parish of St. Hyacinthe, and from 1869 to 1880 official assignee for the district comprising Bagot, Rouville, and St. Hyacinthe, which positions he occupied with credit. He has been a member of the Provincial Board of Notaries since 1873, president of the same from 1882 to 1885, and was also a member of the District Board of Notaries from 1867 to 1870. From 1878 to 1893 Mr. Bernier was director of the St. Hyacinthe Man- ufacturing Co., and is at present presi- dent and director of the Providence Waterworks Co. He was also director of the Bank of St. Hyacinthe for many years, president of the Agricultural So-

ciety of the county for ten years, pro- moter and director of the United Coun- ties railway from 1883 to 1892, was director for many years and is now a shareholder in the Union Printing Co. of St. Hyacinthe, and founded the busi- ness of Bernier £ Co., flour and grain merchants. He has also always taken an interest in agricultural pursuits, and owns a large farm near St. Hyacinthe. In religion Mr. Bernier is a Roman Catholic. In November, 1865, he mar- ried Alida, daughter of Simeon Mar- chesseault, one of the leaders of the rebellion of 1837. His family consists of two daughters.

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^TECTOR CHAMPAGNE, Ad- J^\ vocate, St. Eustache, Quebec, ^•® was born in that village, Feb. 1 8th, 1862. He received his elemen- tary education at the Commercial Acad- emy of St. Eustache, and his classical education at the Seminary of St. The- rese, and at the College Bourget at Rigaud. In 1881 he was admitted as a student of the notarial profession, and as such entered the office of Messrs. Papineau, Durand & Marin, notaries, Montreal. In 1884, by a special Act of the Provincial Legislature of Quebec, he was made a law student, and studied in the office of Messrs. Duhamel, Rain-

ville & Marceau, advocates, of Montreal. He gradu- ated at Laval University, and was called to the Bar in 1886. In the same year he left for a tour through Eu- rope, and after having trav- elled through the greater part of it remained two years in France studying law, literature, philosophy, and legal medicine in the Uni- versities of Paris. In 1888 he returned to Canada and settled at St. Eustache,where he was immediately at the head of an important office, succeeding his cousin, the

yHon. Chas. L. Champagne, Justice of the Circuit Court of Montreal, who had just been elevated to the Bench. IB Hi Keeping out of politics he devotes all his time to his profession, and occupies a prominent place at the Bar. For a man who has not yet reached the prime of life, Mr. Champagne has taken a very prominent place in his profession, and is known as a most power- ful speaker. His opportunities for edu- cation, culture, and travel have been large factors in placing him on his pres- ent vantage ground. His friends an- ticipate that he will be obliged to recon- sider his decision to keep out of politics, as sooner or later he will be wanted in Parliament. He is the only son of Cyrille H. Champagne, a well-known notary of St. Eustache ; and of the late Dame Marie Josephine Lefebvre. His grandparents were ardent patriots, who took an active part in the rebellion of 1837. In religion Mr. Champagne is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

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'75

JOSEPH ALFRED NADEAU, Notary, and Mayor of Iberville, Que., was born Dec. 9th, 1858, in County Rouville, Que. His father is Nazaire Nadeau, farmer, who has been prominent in the municipal and political affairs of his parish. His mother's name was Olive Rainville. Mr. Nadeau was educated in St. Hya- cinthe and St. Mary's Colleges. He began the study of his profession in May, 1880, and was admitted to prac- tice in May, 1884. He was secretary of the town of Iberville for six years, and is now president of the School Commissioners for a second term. In

February, 1894, Mr. Nadeau was elected Mayor of Iberville, and again in 1895 by acclamation. In politics he is a Conservative, for many years has taken an active interest in that party, and in 1891 was a candidate for the House of Commons against Mr. Bechard, M.P. In religion he is a Roman Catholic ; also a member of the Artizans' Society. Mr. Nadeau has been married twice ; first to Delia, daughter of S. Bessette, of Iberville, May 26th, 1885, who died July 9th, 1887 ; and second, July 3Oth, 1889, to Alzire, daughter of Charles St. Jean, of Upton, Que. His family con- sists of one daughter and one son.

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LOUIS AUGUSTIN Gauthier, Parish Priest, St. Bazile, Quebec, was born Dec. i ith, 1836, in the city of Quebec. His parents were Louis Gauthier and Marie Soulanges Menard. Father Gauthier was educated at Que- bec Seminary, also the Grand Seminary of that city. He afterwards taught English in these institutions for three years. He was ordained Sept. 29th, 1 86 1, and was immediately appointed to St. Ferdinand, where he served as Vicar for one year. He was then made Vicar of St. Patrick's Church, Quebec, where he remained two years ; then

Vicar at Levis for one year. In 1864 he was appointed parish priest of Laval. Que., where he ministered six years ; then parish priest of St. Patrick de Beau Rivage, Lotbiniere County. , The church there having been built against the will of the ecclesiastical authorities, and not being completed, Father Gauthier set about the laborious task of its completion, and after three years of hard work the edifice was in good condition. After twenty-two years of labor in this parish, in 1893 he left it one of the most prosperous in the dis- trict, and was appointed to his present charge.

MEN OF CANADA.

AMUEL CHARLES RIOU, A.B., LL.L., Barrister, Fras- erville, Que., was born Sept. 22nd, 1862, at Trois Pistoles, Que. His parents were Eloi and P. Riou, the former being seignior of the Seigniory of Trois Pistoles. Mr. Riou was edu- cated at the College of Rimouski, where he received his B A., and at Laval University, where he obtained his LL.L. He studied law in the offices of Blanchet, Amyot & Pelletier, Larue, Angers & Casgrain, and Cas- grain & Angers, and was admitted to the Bar January i4th, 1888. He then practised with P. V. Tache\ Q.C., under

the firm name of Tache £ Riou, until June, 1893, after which he practised alone until January, 1895, when he be- came head of the legal firm of Riou £ Chagnon, Fraserville. This firm is well known throughout the province, and has a large clientele. Mr. Riou was appointed attorney of his town, August, 1893, and °f Provincial Reve- nue, September, 1893. In politics he is a Conservative, and has done good work for his party as campaign speaker, etc. In religion he is a Roman Catho- lic. He was married Sept. 4th, 1889, to Caroline, daughter of George Pelle- tier, merchant, Fraserville.

CAMPBELLFORD

BY

J. T. VOSPER.

1\/TORE than half a century as° the

>^V I ground now occupied by the ^^ thrifty manufacturing village of Campbellford was selected by a few emi- grants, principally military officers, who wished to carve out a home for themselves in the wilderness. With their rude cabins and severe toil began the foundation of the present industrial centre. Long before the advent of the pale face, the red man held un- disputed sway over the rich agricultural country of which Campbellford is now the market town. Of these brave warriors no- thing remains, save the mounds and trenches rilled with their bones. There is little or no record of the struggles of the first pioneers, who for many years suffered, toiled, and endured to lay the foundation of the civilization and progress enjoyed by their followers. Among the earliest signs of thrift and energy may be mentioned the business of Mr. James Benor, who forty years ago began the career of contractor and builder, and by his enterprise did much to improve the appearance of the village. Many of the best buildings in Campbellford to-day, notably the public school, are monuments of his skill and ability. His large factory, em- ploying a number of competent workmen, is still running, and his work gives satisfaction wherever known. Mr. Benor has been hon- ored by his fellow-townsmen with the offices of school trustee, councillor, and chairman of the waterworks, and has given satisfac- tion in the discharge of his duties. Camp- bellford, as a manufacturing centre, owes much to its natural and almost unlimited water power. In the Trent river, within a distance of four miles, there is a fall of 216

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feet, and the water is so distributed that every drop of it can be utilized to good ad- vantage. It is already turning the wheels of many valuable industries, notably the Trent Valley Woollen Co., the Gilmour Sawmill, the paper mill, two foundries, two sash and door factories, and other smaller ones. In the mercantile line the population is well supplied in every branch, which confines the advantages of the town more to manufactur- ers than to any other class looking for a business opening. To all such having capi- tal, choice power and land at small cost can be obtained. This, with the convenience of central location, make the site almost in- comparable. Space will not permit the mention of the details of the main features of industrial Campbellford. Suffice it to say, that without artificial advantages, or booming by advertising, the population has, by sheer force of circumstances, increased 40 per cent, in the last decade. The town is situated on the Trent river, and surrounded by picturesque hills. The country around is fertile, and very productive in grain and fruit, while its dairies and cheese factories are well known abroad. The famous herds of cattle raised in this section have, by re- peatedly carrying off prizes, secured an envi- able reputation with the leading exporters in the cattle trade. Campbellford was incor- porated as a village in 1877, with the late J. M. Ferris, ex-M.P.P., as first reeve, and has not yet cast off its village clothes. The present population is about 2,200. The assessed valuation of property now (1896) amounts to nearly a million of dollars. The rate of taxation is very low, only 17 mills on the dollar, which provides for all purposes,

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including a sinking fund for paying off the public debt, which is less than $50,000. The town has a splendid system of water- works, and also a very satisfactory electric light plant, both of which are covered by the above-mentioned public debt. The common and high schools are important factors in the make-up of the place. They are splendid buildings, beautifully situated in well-kept grounds, and provided with all necessary requirements. The sanitary con- ditions of these schools are of a very high order ; both are supplied with the Smead- Dowd system of heating, and all other con- veniences have been considered. A union board of trustees controls the affairs of both these institutions. The public library is a live feature in the intellectual develop- ment of the place, and is equipped with a valuable library of 3,500 volumes of carefully selected literature, which is well supple- mented with leading papers and magazines. The history of newspaper work is much the same in Campbellford as elsewhere, made up of failure and success. The Herald has stood the storm for twenty years, and is now on a well - established basis, doing good work, and is intensely loyal to home enter- prise. The town and vicinity are well sup- plied with splendidly equipped churches, which have done so much toward the pros- perity of the people. Rev. Father Mc- Closkey, of the Roman Catholic Church, who succeeded Rev. Father Connolly, is doing a good work among his congregation. The English Church is a quaint structure, and, since the cathedral glass has been put in the windows, presents the old English style, and is very picturesque. The rector, Rev. W. E. Cooper, M.A., S.T.B., is also Rural Dean of Northumberland, and wields a strong influence for good wherever known. The Methodists have a fine brick church on Bridge street. The minister in charge is Rev. Mr. Jolliffe, who was appointed in 1893. He is largely connected with various benevolent societies, is well known and

highly esteemed in the community. Rev. R. Laird is pastor of the Presbyterian Church. His church, although the largest religious edifice in the town, has already be- come inadequate to the wants of his rapidly increasing congregation. The Baptist body have a neat brick church on the west bank of the river, and its pastor, the Rev. W. S. Barker, now resigned, is carrying on a good work, and much beloved by his people. Campbellford, situated, as it is, on the Mid- land branch of the G.T.R., and possessing such valuable water power, offers unusual in- ducements to manufacturers and shippers, while its many features of commercial, social, religious, and educational interest commend it to those who desire a prosper- ous and healthy location.

JOSEPH BOUTIN-BOURASSA,B.A., LL.B., Notary, Mayor of St. Romauld, and Warden of Levis County, was born Nov. I3th, 1854, in St. Jean Chrysostome, Que. (now St. Romauld d'Etchemin). His parents were Joseph Boutin and Charlotte Cantin, the former a well-known agriculturist of that district. Mr. Bourassa was educated at the Seminary of Quebec and St. Anne's College. In 1876 he entered Laval Uni- versity to study law, graduating LL.B. in 1879. Having qualified for the notarial profession in the office of V. W. La Rue, notary, Quebec, he was admitted to practice in May, 1880. He at once opened an office at St. Romauld, where he has established a large and successful connection. He also takes a prominent part in such political and municipal affairs as tend to promote the welfare of the community. In politics Mr. Boutin-Bourassa is a Liberal ; in religion a Roman Catholic. He was elected Mayor of St. Romauld in 1890, and has since filled that post with general satisfaction. He was mar- ried June I2th, 1882, to Ursule, daughter of N. Cantin, Esq., of St. Romauld, Que.

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1 OWEN, manager

V^^*> of the Trent Val- ley Woollen Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Campbellford, Ont., was born July I5th, 1852, at Oriskany, New York State, U.S.A. He is the son of David Owen and Elizabeth Ashton. The former, who followed the woollen manufacturing busi- ness at Oriskany, continued in this line until his death in 1886. Mr. Owen, after a brief public school training, was apprenticed to the woollen manufacturing busi- ness, at which he has since continued. When seventeen years of age he went to Utica, N.Y., where he re- mained two years, then to the State of Connecticut, where he resided about one year, after which he came to Canada, and accepted a position with Barber Bros., Streetsville. After remain- ing with this firm for three years he went to Glen Tay, where he managed the busi- ness of Moorehouse, Dodds & Co. for seven years. In 1885 he resigned this position to accept the one he now occu- pies, and owing to his careful super- vision Campbellford has one of the most successful industries in Canada, it having been in constant operation for the past fourteen years. The Trent Valley Woollen Manufacturing Co., Ltd., is one of the largest manufactories of Campbellford, and has done much to promote the growth of the town, as it gives employment to a large staff of hands. In municipal affairs Mr. Owen has always taken a very active part. For three years he was Councillor, and

for four years Reeve, and now fills the position of member of the Town Coun- cil. He has also been chairman of the Mechanics' Institute for five years, a member of the School Board for two years, and has held the office of War- den of the United Counties of Northum- berland and Durham. In politics he is a Conservative, and a strong supporter of the National Policy. In religion he is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He was married in 1875 to Miss Mary Eliza, daughter of Andrew Bain, Esq., of New York State, U.S.A. His family consists of five children, one son and four daughters.

MEN OF*

OLIVER, insurance agent for the Alliance Company, Canada Branch, Montreal, Campbell ford, Ont., was born May 8th, 1813, in Devon, Eng. His parents were Richard and Sarah Oliver. Mr. Oliver re- ceived a first-class education by private tuition. He then taught school in the village of Cadeleigh, afterwards had charge of a Union School in Tiverton, where he had the sole management of 100 children. He then had a school near Exeter, which was entirely under the donor, Sir Robt. Newman, and subsequently charge of Sir R. Lopes' School. After remaining at the latter for about seven years he came to Canada, and for ten years continued in the teaching pro- fession. Mr. Oliver was married June 26th, 1832, to a daughter of William and Sarah Channing, who died in 1889, leaving four daughters. In politics he is a Conservative; in religion a member of the Church of Eng- land. He is also a member of the Sons of England, holding the office of chaplain in Devonshire Lodge. Although Mr. Oliver is now in his S-jth year (1896), he still gives promise of many years of active life.

THoMAS ni.lVI.K.

ROIJI RT A. I.ATIMKR.

®<|7)OBERT A. LATIMER, editor and -ly^ proprietor of the Campbellford Gazette, was born in Galashiels, Selkirk- shire, Scotland, August 2gth, 1872. His parents were William Fraser Latimer and Agnes C. Kirk, both of Scotch descent. The former is now superintendent of the Gemmell Woollen Manufacturing Company, Perth, Ont. When our subject was one year old his parents came to Canada, settling at Pres- ton, Ont., afterwards removing to Carleton Place, where Mr. Latimer was educated at the public schools. He then entered the woollen mill, with his father, where he spent five years, during that time becoming fami- liar with the details of this line of business, after which he took a course in Perth Col- legiate Institute for two years. For some time he was on the editorial staff of the Perth Courier, and afterwards established the Gazette in Campbellford, which he now con- ducts in an efficient manner, and has made it a popular paper. Mr. Latimer is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the I.O.F. In politics he is a Reformer : in religion a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church.

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JOS. GAUDIOSE PARADIS, M.D., B.L.

JOS. GAUDIOSE PARADIS, M.D., B.L., physician and surgeon, Mont- magny, Que., was born August 26th, 1860, in Ste. Henedine, Que, His parents were Joseph Paradis and Celina Dion. Dr. Paradis was educated in Levis College, completing his classical studies in 1880, with the degree of B.L. Deciding upon a medical career, he entered Laval University, where after a four years' course he graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1884. He has since prac- tised medicine in Montmagny, where he is regarded as a most skilful physician. In addition to -his large private practice, he is surgeon of the 6ist Battalion of Montmagny, and medical examiner of the Catholic Order of Foresters, of the same place. He devotes his spare moments to music, and occupies the position of organist in St. Thomas' Church, Montmagny. He is also possessed of considerable literary talent, and is a con- tributor to various journals and political papers. In religion the doctor is a promi- nent and highly respected member of the Roman Catholic Church. He was married Sept. igth, 1895, to Miss Olympe Lambert.

HENRY MARKS, comedian, of Marks Bros'. Dramatic Company, was born January yth, 1864, at Lakeview Farm, Christie's Lake, Lanark Co., Out. He is a son of Thomas Marks and Marguerite Far- rell, of County Mayo, Ireland. Mr. Marks received his early education in the public schools of Perth, Ont., but removed to Chicago when seventeen years of age, where he also studied for two years. Having de- cided ability as a comedian, he then entered the theatrical profession, which he has since followed. Although Mr. Marks has been offered many tempting positions with other companies, he has refused, preferring to re- main with his own well-known and popular company. He and his brothers now boast of being the only first-class legitimate theatrical company in Western Canada. Mr. Marks is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the I.O.O.F. In religion he belongs to the Church of England ; in politics is a staunch Conservative. Mr. Marks was married Feb. i6th, 1890, at Wingham, Ont., to Ella Brockenshire, only daughter of Mayor Brockenshire, ofWingham, Ont.

THOMAS HENRY MARKS.

MEN OF CANADA.

A. CHOQUETTE, LL.B., M.P., Advocate, Montmagny, Que., was born at Belceil, County Vercheres, Que., Jan. 6th, 1854. He received his classical education at St Hyacinthe College, and then fol- lowed the law course of Laval Univer- sity, Quebec. His success in this insti- tution was very marked, for he was awarded the silver medal given by the Governor- General, and graduated with the degree of LL.B. After his admis- sion to the Bar he went to Montmagny, where he has practised ever since. Notwithstanding the claims of a large clientage, Mr. Choquette found time to publish for many years La Sentinelle, and still publishes L* Echo dt, Montmagny, in the interests of the Liberal party. He opposed Lieut. - Colonel Landry for the re- presentation of the County of Montmagny in the Fed- eral Parliament at the gen- eral elections of 1882, and was defeated by 1 20 votes, but elected in 1887 by a majority of 193 votes, and re-elected in 1894 by 433 votes. He is popular in his constituency, and has suc- ceeded in making the County of Montmagny a Liberal stronghold. Mr. Choquette accompanied the Hon. \Vilfrid Laurier in his political tours from Prince Edward Island to Victoria, B.C. He is one of the strongest fighters in his party, being full of resources, and a vigorous orator, which his opponents cannot silence. He is a worker, and fond of knowledge on every subject which may be of use in his career ; gives to the study of

political questions any leisure hours which he may have in the practice of his profession, so that few men are bet- ter posted on national affairs or the public questions of the day. He is an able writer, and likes contest, both in the press and on the hustings, and is in every respect a man of great ability and service to his party. Mr. Cho- quette was married August 29th, 1883, to Miss Marie Bender, daughter of A. Bender, Esq., Prothonotary of the Su- perior Court, and granddaughter of Sir E. 1*. Tach£. He is an active and influential member of the Independent Order of Foresters.

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. DR. DAVID MARSIL, St. Eustache, Que., was born at St. Timothee, Que., Feb. i^th, 1835. His father was David Marsil, a merchant of St. Hermas, while his mother was Josephte Bergevin, daugh- ter of Pierre Bergevin, who fought underCol. De SalaberryatChateauguay. Dr. Marsil received his classical educa- tion at Ste. Therese College, his course in philosophy at St. Hyacinthe College. He then commenced the study of medi- cine in 1854, in Victoria College, Mont- real, completing his course May nth, 1858. Feb. 2nd, 1859, he located in St. Eustache, where he has since con-

ducted the leading practice in his dis- trict. His specialty is surgery, and he is the first French-Canadian physician to successfully perform the operation of "ovariotomy," in 1880, the patient still living (1895). In politics he is a Lib- eral, and has always taken a most active part in political affairs. In 1888 he was a candidate for the Dominion House for Two Mountains County, but was defeated. In 1886 the University of Laval granted him an honorary diploma. He was, in 1895, elected vice-president of the Medical Board of Quebec Prov- ince ; and in the same year was elected vice-president for Quebec of the Do- minion Medical Association. Dr. Marsil likewise took an interest in municipal affairs, and was for many years Mayor of St. Eustache, and president of the Board of School Commissioners. The doctor is also a great musi- cian, having been for thirty- five years organist in St. Eustache church, famous as the stronghold of the rebels 1837, at the battle of St. Eustache, when Chevier was killed. In 1888 he was ap- pointed to the Legislative Council of Quebec by Hon. Honore Mercier, without re- quest on his part, and by the unanimous voice of the Cabinet. Nov. i8th, 1863, Dr. Marsil was married to Philomene Emelia Paquin. His family consists of three sons and three daughters. The eldest son, Chas. V. E., is now a physician in St. Eustache ; his second son, David, is a farmer. He was the promoter of the Chevier monument at Mont- real in 1895.

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/CHARLES VICTOR EMMAN- l UEL MARSIL, M.D., St.

^^^-^S> Eustache, Que., was born at that place, Oct. i8th, 1864. His father is Hon. Dr. David Marsil, member of the Legislative Council of Quebec, and one of the leading physicians of Que- bec Province. Our subject received his early education at Bourget College, Rigaud, completing his course there in 1882. In 1883 he entered Laval Uni- versity to study medicine, and graduated with the degree of M.I), in 1887, with honors. He at once commenced to practise in St. Eustache, where he has since remained. In March, 1888, he

successfully performed his first opera- tion for "ovariotomy," being the young- est physician in the world to ever per- form such an operation. Following his father his specialty is surgery, and he has performed many of the most critical operations known to the science. He is a member of the C.O.F., Artizans' Society, and Alliance \ationale, being medical examiner in all of these. In politics the doctor is an Independent ; in religion a Roman Catholic. For some years he was assistant surgeon to the 851!! Battalion. Like his honored father, he has the ability and skill to take a front rank in his profession.

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MEN OK CANADA.

JOHN BAPTISTE LE'PINE, proprietor of "Le'pine Park," Maisonneuve, Que., was born March i5th, 1832, in the city of Mont- real. His father was John Baptiste Le'pine, while his mother's maiden name was Louise Fortier, both being of French origin. Mr. Le'pine received his education in the district schools, near Montreal. In early life he was engaged in agricultural pursuits, in which connection he became known throughout the Province of Quebec. He abandoned the same, however, after a time, and went into the grocery busi- ness, in which he was engaged for about

twenty years. He then purchased that very valuable and extensive property situated near Maisonneuve, Que., which has since been known as "Le'pine Park." Among other attractions this park contains one of the best race courses in the Province of Quebec. February 2nd, 1843, Mr. Le'pine was married to Rosalie Corbeil, daughter of Francois Corbeil, of Montreal. His family consists of three sons* and three daughters. In politics he is a supporter of the Conservative party ; in religion a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He is also a member of St. Joseph Society.

RIVIERE DU LOUP

J. E. POULIOT.

^^ITUATED on the south shore of >^J the St. Lawrence, 115 miles below Quebec, comprises the in- corporated town of Fraserville and the parish of St. Patrice. Fraserville, so called after the name of the " Fraser " family, of which a branch is still seignior of Riviere du Loup and owner of the lands on which a large part of the town is now lying, has a popula- tion of over 4,000 inhabitants, and about 5,000 in summer. There are many persons still living (and amongst them the Hon. Mr. Blake, of Ontario) who can remember that on the 4,000 acres where is now the largest and the most flourishing town of the province below Quebec there were only a few scat- tered small houses. The first inhabitants of Riviere du Loup came at the end of the last century, and the first Roman Catholic chapel was built in 1792 at the Point a la Grue (Crane Point), near Portage. It was replaced by another structure in 1812. The registers for the parish began to be kept only in 1813, and the first residing curtS was the Rev. L. F. Belleau, in 1830. In the year 1852 a new Roman Catholic church, and about the same time a Church of England, having been located within the limits of that part of Riviere du Loup now called Fraserville, that village commenced to grow very fairly, mon- opolizing the greatest part of the business of the surrounding parishes. Being in the centre and the heart of the parish of Riviere du Loup, as well as the starting point of the then military and interprovincial road called " The Temiscouata Road," which was con- structed by the Government of Canada, through what was, thirty years ago, nearly a

wilderness, Fraserville, from that time, was

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connected with the Province of New Bruns- wick at Little Falls, now Edmundston, in the County of Victoria, so faithful to its present representative in Parliament, the Hon. Mr. Costigan.

The merchants of Riviere du Loup and the lumbermen in the back country were then doing excellent business, and the above road gave also to the French population scattered along St. Johns river, and \\ho had for a great part been transferred to the United States by the Ashburton Treaty, an easy access to their relations and friends on the St. Lawrence. Under the reciprocity treaty, business between Riviere du Loup and the Madawaska region continued to be prosperous. Fraserville, already incorporated as a village on the 26th June, 1850, was, after the construction of the Grand Trunk Rail- way in its limits, incorporated as a town on the 28th January, 1874, by an Act of the Legislature of Quebec, and the remainder of the parish continued to be a rural munici- pality under .the name of "St. Patrice de la Riviere du Loup."

Let us here make a mention of the names of the principal families who were the first pioneers of Riviere du Loup, and who are worthy of such an inscription in this sketch. The Plourde, the Viel, the Berube, the Soucy, and the Nadeau seem to have been the first tillers of the soil of Riviere du Loup; their descendants are still toiling on the ancestral fields, and all are worthy of respect for their true patriarchal virtues and good nature. One of them, Michael Soucy, is now over 101 years old, and shows no sign of decrepitude in his body or in his mind.

Later came the McLaughlin, the Michaud,

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the Eraser, the Hudon, Jarvis, Pelletier, and Pouliot, who have left marks of their indus- try and business ability. The Erasers are all descendants of Wolfe's Highlanders, the 78th Regiment. Let us remember also, here, the Reverend Cures Leclerc, Proulx, Beau- bien, D. Racine (afterwards first Roman Catholic Bishop of Chicoutimi), and the venerable Reverend M. Ross, minister of the Church of England. One of the above, Mc- Laughlin, when young, went to Europe and became one of the physicians of Charles X., King of France. One of his brothers, also a physician, rendered his name endeared amongst the people of Oregon, if we are to believe what one of the bishops, Blanchet, wrote of him a few years ago. The last Bishop Tache, of Manitoba, was born at Riviere du Loup, in the old manor house. One Eraser bought the seigniories of Riviere du Loup and others around. His family is still very prosperous ; one of them, William, has been several times mayor of the town. Georges Pelletier, who was known in his time as one of the most intelligent and honest merchants of the lower country, left behind him quite a number of children, who are worthily keeping high the name of their father. The late J. B. Pouliot, a notary by his profession, through his energy and per- sonal qualities, acquired a fair fortune, and became a member of Parliament for the County of Temiscouata before and after the confederation of the provinces, against which he voted. One of his sons, Charles Eugene, advocate, has also been a deputy for the same county to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec under Mercier's administration. Alphonse, his brother, is a law professor at Laval University, at Quebec, and Camille is the author of an interesting book on a venerable nun of Bavaria, Germany. P. E. Grandbois, M.D., the present M.P. for Temiscouata, at Ottawa, is a son-in-law of the above late G. Pelletier. Thomas Jarvis and Dr. J. E. Hudon have also left children worthy of their names.

There are now four post offices at Riviere du Loup, viz. : (i) Riviere du Loup, (2) Riviere du Loup Station, (3) La Pointe, and (4) St. Patrick. Three of them are within the town limits, and the last is in the parish of Riviere du Loup, near Portage. The first one, which is in the centre of the town, near the parish church, is a very fine build- ing of gray stone, erected a few years ago by the Federal Government ; it is also used as a custom warehouse for the surrounding country. " Riviere du Loup Station " post- office is specially for the inhabitants living near the stations of the Intercolonial and Temiscouata railroads and the parishioners around. " La Pointe " is only a summer post office at the Point of Riviere du Loup. " St. Patrick " is the far-famed, pleasant, and quiet summer resort so loved by the late lamented Premier, Sir J. A. Macdonald, where he left a nice cottage, "Les Rochers." There Sir A. P. Caron, the Meredith, the Joseph, of Quebec; the Coristine, the Clarke, the Globensky, of Montreal; the Bates and Pope, of Ottawa, enjoy their summer vacations ; there the late Governors Head, Monck, Lisgar, and others — in quiet and old-time French country houses — spent days and nights they long remembered. Though the "Point" of Riviere du Loup seems now to be more frequented by the public men of this province on account of its more commodious situation and hotels, and its cool air, St. Patrick shall surely keep its place in the memory of those who were connected in some manner with our most eminent public men of the last twenty years.

Fraserville, after a long contest with Kamouraska, became, in 1883, the seat of the civil and criminal courts for the District of Kamouraska, of the registry office for the County of Temiscouata, of the agency for the sale of Crown lands in the division of Grandville. It has two bank offices : The Jacques Cartier and The People's Bank of Halifax. Both seem to be fairly prosperous. After the purchase, in 1878, by the

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Federal Government of that branch line of the Grand Trunk Railway which ran from Levis to Riviere du Loup, the repairing shops, the engine houses, and the station, already in use, were greatly enlarged by the Intercolonial Railway authorities. That last railway gave a great impetus to Riviere du Loup, and a large village was made near the station. A few years ago the town municipality granted a bonus of $25,000 to the Temiscouata Railway Co. to have its terminus within Fraserville's limits at the I.C.R.'s station. From that time the Temiscouata Railway and the I.C.R. con- nected the St. Lawrence at the Point with the N.B.R. and C.P.R. at Edmundston, N.H. ; from that little prosperous town the Temiscouata Railway runs up the St. John river, which is the boundary between New Brunswick and the State of Maine, some thirty-four miles, to good timber lands. Let us hope that before long it will meet other lines of railways, which will bring Bangor, and even Portland, very near to Riviere du Loup.

At the Point of Riviere du Loup there is a long pier, built also by the Government of Canada about 1850, upon which the Inter- colonial Railway and the Temiscouata Rail- way are sending their cars when necessary. There, every day in summer, are calling the water palaces of the Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co., in going to or returning from the famous Saguenay or Murray Bayt bringing numbers of passengers for Riviere du Loup, Portage, or Cacouna. Large hotels— Bellevue,Venise, and Maison Blanche at the " Point " ; Commercial, Fraserville House, in the centre of the town ; Victoria and Vendome at the station — are receiving hosts of tourists, visitors, and business men from every part of the Dominion. Elegant and numerous cottages in every part of the town and parish are always ready for the people of the large cities who are in search of health, ozone, salt water baths, and beau- tiful landscapes, without being entirely de-

prived of the pleasures of society. Riviere du I^oup has a renown for all those good things. Its magnificent views of the St. Lawrence, the islands and blue mountains, some twenty miles afar in front, interesting promenades in and out, picturesque water- falls, good streets and sidewalks, its large hotels, etc., all are combining to make of this place a very desirable centre of attrac- tion, competing fairly with Murray Bay and Cacouna as a summer resort.

The principal places of worship at Riviere du Loup are: for the Roman Catholics, the parish church and St. Ann's chapel at the " Point "; the other denominations have three churches. The Roman Catholic parish church, which had been blessed in 1856, was destroyed by fire in 1884, and rebuilt very soon after. It is a large stone edifice, remarkable for its stately appearance and elegant steeple, on the eminence where stands a large part of the town and the public buildings ; the usual golden Gallic cock at the top of the spire is at 248 feet above the ground. The interior of the nave and chancel is painted in white, with golden and black mouldings and decorations ; it is in the ogival Gothic style. The pews are of ash and black walnut woods. The main altar — also in Gothic style, decorated with over thirty-four statues and medallions of angels and saints, imported from Caen, in France, at a cost of several thousand dollars — is cer- tainly one of the most artistic altars of the Province of Quebec. Its plan, and that of the interior of the church, were drawn by N. Bourassa, a celebrated artist and architect of Montreal. This temple is really worth visiting, not only by religious people, but also by those who like to see a neat church whose inside is in the simple Gothic, the only true style for religious edifices. The present cure of Riviere du Loup is the Reverend Father L. Blais, so well known for his sterling qualities of heart and intellect. He has been there since 1871, and is assisted by two vicars. There is also, in summer, a chaplain for St.

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Ann's chapel at the " Point/' and another one for the hospital. The other places of worship are modest, but very comfortable and well-looking. All are largely attended. The present minister of the Church of Eng- land is the Rev. G. Nichols.

The educational institutions at Fraser- ville are : (i) a large and well-furnished red brick building of four storieskept by the Chris- tian Brothers; (2) a good and substantial stone and brick academy for girls and young boys under the maternal care and intelligent tuition of the Ladies of the Good Shepherd; and (3) several elementary schools kept by laical teachers. There is also a dissentient Protestant school for boys and girls. The attendance last year at those divers institu- tions was over 1,000 children of both sexes, besides those of the parish. The town con- tains a theatre and a music hall, a literary institute containing over 2,000 volumes, and a parish library. There is also a social club, where visitors are always well received to make the acquaintance of the principal citizens, and to read newspapers from Quebec, Montreal, and even from Paris, France. Fraserville has also a hospital under the care of the Sisters of "The Precious Blood," a branch of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul. That hospital gives shelter to over forty poor invalids or old persons of both sexes. They are generally sustained by public charity, also by special gifts, and foundations by endowments of pious Christians, by the council of the town, and by a small allocation of the Provincial Legislature.

The pulp factory and the repairing shops of the I.C.R. and Temiscouata Railway gives daily employment to over 150 hands, besides a lot of conductors, engine drivers, and other employees and railway officers. There are two large sawmills in operation — Pelletier's and Lachance's — where are made household furniture of every kind, shingles, doors, sashes, etc. Messrs. Lachance and Pelletier are the builders of nearly all the

nice cottages and hotels of Riviere du Loup and Cacouna. The foundry of Messrs. Proube & Waterson is a well-managed establishment. There are also two grist mills, one carding mill, one butter and one cheese factory. Other noteworthy houses are Messrs. Dugal's tannery, Savard's and Liveque's carriage factories, and three agri- cultural implement agencies, kept by Latimer & Legare, Dube fils, and E. T. Leprohon.

The present worthy mayor of Fraserville is L. V. Dumais, the Registrar of the Deeds for the County of Temiscouata. The liberal professions are ably represented by eight advocates, four notaries, seven physicians, and two land survej'ors ; besides a Judge of the Superior Court, the Hon. Ernest Cimon, and one High Sheriff, F. A. Sirois.

The principal stores at Fraserville are : Binet's, Girard's, Lerasseur's, Pelletier fils & Co.'s, Pelletier, Michaud & Label's, Poirier's, Pineau's, Nadeau's, Saindon's, and Dion's. There are two stationeries and one printing and binding establishment, operated by Frewette Brothers. They have just issued a semi-weekly newspaper called La Saint Laurent, to be the mouthpiece of the population below Quebec. Waterworks are badly wanted at Fraserville, though there are plenty of cisterns and wells ; but it is expected that 1896 will see a good aque- duct giving abundant first-class water to the population. There are already some electri- cal lights, and a good steam fire pump with a well-organized fire brigade, but waterworks will surely be a much better protection against fire, and will also probably next year furnish a sufficient power to light the whole town by electricity. Those who have al- ready paid $25,000 for a court house and jail, $25,000 as a bonus to the Temiscouata Railway Co., $15,000 for a schoolhouse for boys only, and $100,000 for a church, will not certainly be afraid to spend what is requisite for such a necessity in our modern towns.

MSN OF CANADA.

191

-IOMAS CROCKETT, General Manager of theTemiscouata Rail- way, Riviere du Loup, Que., was born in 1854, at Passakeag, N.B. He commenced railroad life at the age of eighteen, as telegraph operator at St. John, N.B., where he remained until 1875. Then, on the opening of the I.C. R. from Moncton north, he was ap- pointed baggage- master, and served on the first train that ran on this road. In 1876 he was made conductor, and ran the first English mail train that travelled the Intercolonial Railway from Halifax in 1876-77. He was appointed in May, 1877, train despatcher at Camp-

bellton, N.B., afterwards removing to Rimouski. In 1879, when the Govern- ment acquired that portion of the G.T. R. stretching from Levis to Riviere du Loup, and annexed it to the I.C.R., Mr. Crockett was transferred to Riviere du Loup as train despatcher. In 1880 he was made chief train despatcher, and in 1889, on the completion of the Tem- iscouata Railway, he was appointed its general superintendent, the position be- ing changed to general manager in 1893. Personally, Mr. Crockett is a man of great force of character, genial and affable, and a born leader of men and manager of details.

ig2

MEN

CANADA.

IM'ARCISSE GAUVIN, coiiect-

^ \ or of Customs, Riviere du Loup, Que., was born Sept. 2nd, 1844, in Quebec, Que. His parents were Michael Gauvin and Madeline Trudel. Mr. Gauvin was educated at Quebec Seminary and Toms' Academy, completing his course in 1 86 1. He then entered a wholesale house for one year, after which he at- tended the Military School, Quebec, graduating with certificate of honor. He then removed to Isle Verte, where, for several years, he was engaged as commercial traveller. In 1 88 1 he located in Riviere du Loup, becoming senior

partner of the firm of Gauvin & Mailloux. The business was destroyed by fire in January, 1882, which caused Mr. Gauvin a loss of $7,000. He afterwards start- ed again with Mr. Charles Bertrand, which partnership lasted until 1890. He was then appointed collector of customs, which office he has since filled satisfac- torily. In politics Mr. Gauvin is a Con- servative ; in religion a Roman Catholic. He has been married twice : first, in 1874, to Miss Zaurila Hemond, of Quebec, who died in 1879, and again in 1885 to Miss Mathilde Dery, of Quebec. His family consists of four sons and one daughter, living.

MKN or CANADA.

•93

JOSEPH ELZEAR POULIOT, Advocate, Riviere du Loup, en has, Quebec, was born at Rimouski, April i5th, 1838. He is the third son of Edouard Pouliot and Mar- celline Rehel. Two of his sisters are nuns, and one brother a priest. This family is a very ancient one, coming to Quebec from France before 1660. Mr. Pouliot was sent to the parish school at an early age, and, during his spare time, assisted his father in the farm work. At the age of twelve years he was sent by Rev. Pascal Pouliot, then Cure" of St. Gervais, and J. B. Pouliot, of Riviere du Loup, to the Seminary of Quebec, where he followed the classical course of that institution. In 1859 he began the study of law at Laval University, Que., then followed the course of the " Ecole de Droit" of St. Mary's Col- lege, Montreal, where, in August, 1862, he was ad- mitted to the Bar. After having practised for three years at Rimouski he remov- ed to Riviere du Loup, where, in 1869, he married Julie Anna, daughter of the late Lieut. -Col. Andrew L. Eraser, a descendant of one of Wolfe's Highlanders. His family consists of one daugh- ter, now the wife of J. R. Audette, Quebec. Mr. Pouliot was for ten years secretary -treasurer of the School Commissioners for the town of Eraserville ; after that he was twice elected Mayor, and for many years president of the School Commissioners. He was the framer of the differ- ent Acts of Incorporation of

Eraserville, in 1874 and 1883. He was also elected president of the Trustees for the rebuilding of the Roman Catholic church of Riviere du Loup, the preceding church having been destroyed by fire in 1883 ; and at the end of the next year the present magnificent structure was open for wor- ship. Mr. Pouliot is the author of a well appreciated book published in 1892, and entitled " Notions d'Agricul- ture," and of several other articles on agricultural topics, as well as on travels in the south of Erance. He is also the writer of the sketch of Riviere du Loup contained in this volume.

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CANADA.

S. JORON, N.P., Valley- field, Que., Secretary-Treas-

urer of the town, Clerk

of the Circuit, Recorder, J.P., and Com- missioners' Courts, Secretary-Treasurer and Manager of the Valleyfield Electric Company, Commissionerof the Superior Court, Insurance Agent, etc., was born at St. Laurent, near Montreal, Feb. 1 4th, 1858. Mr. Joron was educated at St. Laurent College, following clas- sical and commercial courses in both the French and English languages. He was admitted to the study of the notarial profession in May, 1876, and received a member of the same in May,

1880. He first settled in Sweetsburg, Que., but in January, 1881, located in Valleyfield. In 1883 he was appointed Inspector of Licenses for the County of Beauharnois, and in January, 1884, be- came secretary-treasurer of the Town Council. He was one of the promoters of the Waterworks Company, and also helped to form the Valleyfield Electric Company, of which he is now secretary- treasurer and manager. He does a good business in life insurance, and is a member of several benevolent societies, such as the Catholic and Independent Order of Foresters, the Artizans', Cana- diens Francais, and has occupied sev- eral positions of honor in

i connection with the same.

He is a member of the Board of Trade, also secretary- treasurer of the Civil Com- missioners for the erection of parishes, etc., in the Dio- cese of Valleyfield, a mem- ber of the Board of Exam- iners for the examination of school teachers, etc. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion a Roman Catho- lic. He was married in October, 1882, to Miss Elo- die Paradis, daughter of Joseph E. Paradis, teacher. Mr. Joron has done much to promote the material inter- ests of the thriving town of Valleyfield, and is a most highly respected citizen. In 1895 he published a book of local interest, entitled "La Chartede la Ville de Sala- berry de Valleyfield," con- taining in all eight hundred articles, with indexes and a reference made to each article, on the municipal jurisprudence up to March, 1895

VALLEYFIELD

BY

R S. JORON.

"71 T the foot of Lake St. Francis, and JL \ head of the Heauharnois canal,

^® on the south side of the St. Law. rence, at that particular spot where a few years ago was but a hamlet, now stands the manufacturing town of Valleyfield. It was incorporated as a town in 1874 ; its first valuation roll, in 1875, shows a total of $489,380, with a population of 3,000 inhab- itants. At the present time (1896) the population is nearly 6,500, and the valuation of taxable property is nearly two and a half million dollars.

This town, being about forty miles from Montreal, is becoming a centre of consider- able importance. The construction of a dam, built in 1845, between the mainland and the Grand Isle, for the purpose of rais- ing the water to a level necessary for naviga- tion on the Beauharnois canal, created a magnificent and extensive water power, the fall of water being twelve feet. On account of this unlimited power, large mills and man- ufacturing establishments have been located here. The Montreal Cotton Company's factory was founded in 1874, when they built a mill containing about 25,000 spindles and 600 looms, with a small bleachery. In 1881-82 the mill became very successful, and the company increased the concern to about 50,000 spindles and 1,350 looms. Since 1888 the old mill has been fitted up with new machinery, a new three-storied mill over 450 feet long has been erected, in- creasing the machinery up to 80,000 spindles and 2,350 looms, with a bleachery large enough to take care of 120 tons per week. The present capital of the company is $1,400,000, fully paid up, on which the

company pays a regular dividend of eight per cent. It employs 1,500 hands, and pays about $25,000 per month in wages. The mills are driven by thirteen turbines op- erated by water from the St. Lawrence. Here are also located the Buntin Paper Mills, the largest in the Dominion, which are said to have been the first cause of the marked success of the late Mr. Alex- ander Buntin. They are now operated for the benefit of the estate.

Another important industry is that of the flour mills. Those of McDonald & Robb were amongst the first mills in the Province of Quebec to adopt the roller system, and since then have had a successful history. The Victoria Mills, now owned and operated by Lesperance & Co., were the first mills built in this town. They are, like those of McDonald & Robb, run by water power, and operated day and night. In the lumber business, the Valleyfield Lumber Company and Thomas Prefontaine, Jr., have each large mills, and provide the rough and polished materials for the builder. Two sash and door and cabinet factories, one canning factory, a foundry, extensive brickyards and limestone quarries, ship- yards, etc., all contribute to the marked prosperity of Valleyfield.

This town was erected into a Roman Catholic episcopal see in 1892, and has a Roman Catholic cathedral costing $100,000, also a Presbyterian and a Methodist church. A large academy, called "The Gault Insti- tute," and another large stone building on the south side of the canal, are used for giving instruction to the Protestant boys and girls of the town. For the Catholics, the

196

MEN OF CANADA.

educational institutions are also of a high standing. Besides many elementary schools distributed in the town, there is a convent under the directorship of the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, a kinder- garten for the young children, under the care of the Sisters of Providence, and His Lordship the Roman Catholic Bishop of Valleyfield is now completing, at a cost of no less than $75,000, a fine and substantial building, to be used as a commercial college for the Catholic boys.

Valleyfield has its town hall, where the courts sit regularly for the County of Beauharnois. A few yards from the town hall a fire and police station, under the care of good officers and cleanly kept, indi- cates that the citizens and the property of the town are being well protected. A sys- tem of waterworks, built in 1886 by a com- pany formed of gentlemen of the town, has been distributing pure water and doing good

service since it was put into operation. Branches of the Jacques Cartier and Hoche- laga banks do the banking business of the town, which, besides the industries above mentioned, has 10 hotels and about 50 stores, large and small. The public buildings are substantial, being mostly all built of stone. Valleyfield lacks Government buildings. The Canada Atlantic Railway passes through the town, the Beauharnois Junction Railway and St. Lawrence & Adirondack Railway have their terminus here. An excellent ser- vice of steamboats is also operated in sum- mer for all ports or connections on the St. Lawrence.

Valleyfield has all the modern improve- ments in the way of telegraph, telephone, and express offices ; is lighted by electricity. It has good boating, fishing, and hunting, careful guides, good liveries, and fine drivers. With beautiful islands and a splendid scenery, it is a healthy summer resort.

REV. ISADORE CHAMPAGNE.

^<r)EV. ISADORE CHAMPAGNE, •^Vs) parish priest, Pointe Gatineau} Que., was born at St. Martin's, Que., Aug- ust 25th, 1847. He is the son of Isadore Ch/impagne, of St. Eustache, and Marie Valiquette, of St. Martin's, Que., descend- ants of well-known French families. Father Champagne was educated at St. Therese College, which institution he entered in 1859, remaining thirteen years. He was ordained at Ottawa University in 1872, and from there went to the Bishop's Palace as musical director of the choir, which position he occupied two years. August 25th, 1874, he was appointed parish priest of Pointe Gatineau, where he has since remained. His kindly disposition has won for him the love and respect of his parishioners, as well as the esteem of the public generally, while the magnificent church and rectory, which have been erected during his incumbency, stand as a monument to his zeal and energy.

MEN OP CANADA.

197

V\/ALTER SUTHERLAND, \\ M.D , CM., Valleyfield, Que., was born Nov. 2oth, 1848, in the Township of Godmanchester, Hunt- ingdon County, Que. His parents were Walter R. Sutherland, a native of Glengarry County, Ont., and Jane E. McMillan, born near Lochaber, Scot- land. Dr. Sutherland received his early education at the public schools, continued it at Fort Corington Acad- emy, and afterwards Huntingdon Acad- emy, preparatory to entering McGill University, where he graduated with honors in 1874. He has since practised in Valleyfield, where he has now a large

connection. Dr. Sutherland has made a special study and practice of surgery, and occupies the position of physician to the Cotton Mill Co. in Valleyfield. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the I. O.K., holding high offices in each ; and is also physician for the Grand Trunk Railway. He has been chair- man of the Public School Board for over six years, and president of the "Frontier Medical Association" for two years. In politics he is a Conservative; in religion a Presbyterian. Sept. 8th. 1891, Dr. Sutherland was married to Miss J., daughter of Wm. Scroggie, Esq., merchant, of Montreal.

LAKEFIELD, ONT.

HY

C. J. BLOMFIELD.

IT AKEFIELD is picturesquely situated at the head of the River Otonabee. Cham- ^VS) plain passed the site of the village, the commencement of a nine-mile rapid, on his disastrous expedition with the Huron warriors against the ferocious Iroquois, in what is now New York State, in 1615. Long before and after that time the favorite route, not only from the Huron country, but from Georgian Bay, was across to and down the beautiful chain of lakes which have their outlet in the Otonabee, and on through Rice lake and down the Trent. Old residents of Lakefield even now recall the days when they used to see as many as fifty canoes full of Indians, many in their war paint, shoot- ing the long rapids. It was not until 1851 that any white man visited the site with a view of settling there, when Samuel Strick- land, afterwards colonel in the Canadian militia, moved in and hewed out a clearing in the forest, gradually growing into a fine farm, on which he afterwards erected a hand- some stone mansion, now the residence of his son Roland. In those early days there was no road, and when one was made it was so rough that it took two days to get a load from Peterborough. However, the early pioneers were not deterred by obstacles of this kind, and Col. Strickland was soon joined by other men of enterprise, such as Herriot, who erected the first mill ; Messrs. Nelson & Casement, the Coxes, Sherins, and others. The first grist and saw mills were destroyed by fire. In 1858, Messrs. Shaw & Waite erected the present large sawmill, and soon afterwards Mr. D'Arcy erected the flour mill on the south side of the river, since owned and enlarged by Mr. Hull, and fitted for the roller process and other latest appliances. Some years after the Messrs.

Strickland erected a steam sawmill on the little lake. On its destruction by fire they again occupied the large water mill, where they carried on an extensive lumber business for some years. They also erected the first Trent Valley grist mill, occupied by Messrs. Edwards & Babcock, Both this firm and Mr. Hull ship large quantities of flour. From the planing mill on the same mill race Mr. Peter Baptie turned out doors, sashes, etc., for many years. It is now occupied by Lillicrap & Co., who keep up the old reputation for good work. Above the bridge and below the splendid dam erected by the Government is the planing mill of Mr. Jonathan Griffin. In the main business street, Queen, on the east side of the river, are many excellent brick stores, Sherin & Son, Madill Bros., Graham & Son, Harper, Tanner, Casement, who is reeve and postmaster, etc. The village proper on both sides of the river can boast of many fine residences, such as that of Mr. Nelson, Steele, Percy Strickland, John Sherin, Blom- field, Lillicrap, Dr. Eraser, Gordon, Baptie, and Todd, and a charming little house by the riverside, notable for being that of the venerable and revered lady, Mrs. Traill. In what may be termed the suburbs, though within the village limits, are many hand- some dwellings with well-laid-out grounds, among them Mr. Bowker's, Mrs. George Strickland's, occupied by Mrs. Tate, Mrs. Hallifax's, and Mr. Roland C. Strickland's. The town hall is a handsome brick edifice on an open space east of the river — a fine hall above, and the firemen's hall and public library below. In another part of the vil- lage a large rink provides winter sport to curlers and skaters, and forms an exhibition hall in the autumn in connection with the

MEN OP CANADA.

199

adjacent grounds laid out for display of stock, with a good track for horses. The manufacture of canoes is a special industry of Lakefield. Gordon's canoes have been known all over the country for many years. Mr. Brown turns out excellent canoes and boats, and Mr. Strickland (of the younger generation) is a large manufacturer of canoes, boats, and punts, chiefly for the English market. The Presbyterian church, a large stone building in the old style, stands on a very commanding situation on a hill west of the river overlooking the village. The English stone church, on Queen street, is a building of considerable merit. The Roman Catholics, Methodists, and Baptists are represented by appropriate and commodious places of worship. The streets are well kept and clean, and are, as well as the pub- lic buildings and most of the stores, lit with electricity, supplied by the electric works of Madill Bros., on the water power above re-

. FATHER MICHAEL LAFFIN, parish priest of Tracadie, Nova Scotin, was born March 6th, in the year

ferred to. The Grand Trunk Railway was extended to LakeHeld nearly thirty years ago, the work of grading north of Nassau, Mr. Irwin's sawmill property, having been done by the people of LakeHeld. It affords two trains in the winter and three in the summer, when the passenger traffic is con- siderable in connection with the steamboats that ply between Lakefield and Stony Lake, with occasional trips as far as Bobcaygeon, Lindsay, and Chemong. The beauty of Stony Lake, which rivals that of Muskoka, is becoming rapidly known to the pleasure- seeking public ; and the numerous residences, though generally of a less unpretentious character than those of Muskoka, are not less attractive. The population of Lakefield is about 1,200, but it is making steady progress, which will be accelerated on the completion of the Trent Valley canal, when the water power will attract manufacturers of heavier goods than can profitably be shipped by rail.

1851, at Lingan,Cape Breton. His parents were John Laffin and Mary Mullens, natives of the County of Wexford, Ireland. Father Laffin received his early education at the common schools of Lingan, C.B. From an early age he was desirous of entering the holy priesthood, and with this end in view continued his studies at St. Francis Xavier College, Antigonish, N.S.,and at Laval Uni- versity, Quebec. He was ordained priest of the Roman Catholic Church, May 28th, 1876. His first appointment was to Port Mulgrave, Nova Scotia, where he was parish priest ; after a time he was removed to Margaree, Nova Scotia, where he did simi- lar work, and subsequently was made parish priest of Tracadie, N.S., his present charge. Father Laffin is an indefatigable wo'rker, has the interests of his parishioners close at heart, and has endeared himself to his flock wherever he has labored. He was a per- sonal friend of the late Sir John Thompson, and in politics is a Conservative.

MEN

CANADA.

/CHARLES JAS. BLOMFIELD, V^ Lakefield, Ont., was born at

' Fulham Palace, May i8th, 1831, being a son of the Right Hon. and Rev. C. J. Blomfield, for nearly thirty years Lord Bishop of London, Eng. Mr. Blomfield was educated at a private school at Rugby, and by pri- vate tutors. For some three years he held a position in the audit office at Somerset House, London, but in 1857 decided to come to Canada. In 1860 he settled in Toronto, entering the orifice of Crooks, Kingsmill & Catta- nach, with the intention of studying for the legal profession. He was soon

afterwards offered a position in the Canadian Land and Emigration Co., which he accepted, and a few months after became secretary to the local Board of Directors, and in 1868 became manager. This Company owns nine townships, the capital being Halibur- ton. Under the liberal policy which he induced the Company to adopt great progress was made. In 1876 he visited England with a view to the granting of a bonus to the Victoria Ry., the result of his visit being the completion of the railway to Haliburton. In Dec., 1885, he removed to Lakefield, where he con- ducts a general agency and insurance business, and among other offices holds that of land agent under the Department of Indian Affairs, and is general agent for England for the Reliance Loan and Savings Co. He was in- strumental in establishing the Public Library in Lake- field, of which he has been honorary secretary and trea- surer since its foundation ; and holds many other posts of trust and responsibility. He has taken a prominent part in Church work in the Anglican Synod, and on committees, permanent and special. In politics he is a Conservative, though not an active politician. In 1865 he married a daughter of Col. Strickland, of Lake- field. His family consists of nine children, four sons and five daughters, the eld- est son being in the service of the Bank of Montreal. Mr. Blomfield is still active in mind and body, and seems now in the prime of life.

OP CANADA.

201

T^DWARD AUSTIN PRESTON, J ^ Homeopathic Physician, St. "^s® John, N.B., was born at Providence, R.I., Sept. ;th, 1854. He is the son of Henry C. Preston, M.A., M.I)., and Louise Green. Dr. Preston received his education at the public schools of Hartford, Conn., and the Grammar School, St. John. He then studied medicine with his father, who removed to St. John in 1867, and was the most prominent homoeopathic phy- sician in the province. He matriculated in 1877 at Long Island College, and graduated from there in 1879. He then practised in Brooklyn, N.Y., for one

year, and received a diploma from the Censors of the State Homoeopathic Society of New York. He subse- quently removed to St. John, and has secured a successful connection. In ad- dition to this, he is physician to the Bellinger Institute for the cure of inebri- ates and the morphine habit. He is also a member of the New Brunswick and Maritime Province Medical Associa- tions, court physician of the C.O.F., examining physician to the Order of Unity, and a member of the Temple of Honor and I.O.G.T. In religion he is an Episcopalian. Dr. Preston has been married twice. He has four children.

MEN OF* CANADA.

GEORGE J. ROBB, Clerk, Treas- urer, and receiver of taxes for the city of Moncton, New Bruns- wick, was born Jan. 29th, 1869, at that place. His father's name was Thomas Robb, who occupied the position which our subject now holds until May, 1891, when he retired on account of ill-health, and died in December, 1893. His mother is still living. Mr. Robb was educated at the High School, Moncton. In 1884 he was engaged to assist his father, and so continue^ until 1888, at which time he joined the staff of the Bank of Nova Scotia, Moncton, remain- ing until 1890. He was then appointed

Deputy City Clerk, which office he held until the retirement of his father, when he succeeded him as above indi- cated. He fills his present responsible position with great acceptability, as did his father before him, and enjoys the confidence of all. He is one of the leading young men in business circles, and interested in all that pertains to the best welfare of the city. In religion Mr. Robb is an active member of the Presbyterian Church. He was mar- ried in January, 1894, to Miss Hester M. Kinnear, daughter of W. Stewart Kinnear, Esq., of the city of Moncton, New Brunswick.

MEN OF CANADA.

103

ISAIAH CANN RAD- FORD, late Sanitary Inspector, Montreal, Que., was born in Devon- port, England, in 1814, and died in Montreal in 1892. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Messrs. J. & J. Glencross, druggists, Devonport. Having left school at an early age, and feeling the need of more knowledge, he attended lec- tures at the Devonport Mechanics' Institute, and pursued his studies before and after business hours. In 1845, a prize being offered by Richard Burnett, Esq., for the best essay on the ad- vantages of mechanics' in- stitutes, Mr. Radford com- peted and won the prize. For twenty-two years he was associated with Captain Uriah King, as honorary secretary of the Devonport Mechanics' Institute. Dur- ing their term of office they founded the Art School in connection with the Ken- sington London School, and did much to elevate and cultivate a love for art and the sciences. Mr. Josiah Glencross decided to retire from busi- ness, and Mr. Radford was made junior partner of the firm, which was then doing an extensive business asdruggists, being purveyors to Her Majesty and the Navy, etc. After some years Mr. James Glencross died, and Mr. Radford then became the sole representative. He was an alderman of the borough, an active politician, a member of many philanthropic societies and Educational Board, president of the Pharmaceutical Society of the West of England, a Free- mason, and president of the South

* N

Devon Shipping Company, besides holding many other offices. In 1872 business reverses led to his emigrating to Canada, where he was subsequently appointed sanitary superintendent for Montreal, being a pioneer in sanitary inspectorship in that city. He was a man of tender sympathy, high prin- ciple, and of marked kindness to the poor. In religion he was a Baptist, and a trustee of the First Baptist Church, Montreal. He married June 8th, 1858, Jane, eldest daughter of Robt. McCandlish, Glasgow, Scotland, who together with four daughters and two sons survive him.

204

MEN OF* CANADA.

HELDON H. HADDOCK, LL.B., Attorney and Coun- sellor at Law, Chicago, is the second son of Joseph and Roxcena Haddock. He was born at Kingsey Falls, Que., in 1858. He was educated at the district school, and at Danville Academy, where he was granted a teacher's diploma in 1876. He then taught school until 1881, when he took charge of the office of the Dominion Paper Co. at Kingsey Falls. He was soon led to identify himself with public affairs, and became an aggressive worker in various movements of political and social reform. He was made

Justice of the Peace in 1884. In 1886 he was appointed a Commissioner of the Su- perior Court for the judicial district of Arthabaska, Com- missioner and Chairman of the School Board in 1890, member of Municipal Coun- cil in 1892, Mayor in 1893. At the age of fourteen he joined the I.O.G.T., and from that time took a warm interest in the cause of tem- perance. He was a member of the executive council of the Grand Lodge of Quebec from 1890 until his resig- nation in 1893. In religion he is a Baptist, and has held the highest offices of his Church. In politics he is a Liberal - Conservative. As a public speaker he is fluent and versatile, uncompromi- sing in his stand for the ripfht, and fearless in his

o

denunciation of what he believes to be wrong. He is widely known throughout Canada as an apostle of prohibition, some of his con- tributions to thepress having attracted widespread attention. Mr. Haddock married, in 1882, Miss Mary Ross Mack, eldest daughter of James W. Mack, Esq., formerly of Athelstan, Oue. Their family consists of three sons and two daughters. In 1893, after a visit to the World's Fair, Chicago, Mr. Haddock severed his connection with the Dominion Paper Company, and, resigning his many public offices, returned to Chicago and commenced the study of law. In May, 1895, he graduated LL B. from the Kent College of Law, and was admitted to practice at the Bar of Illinois.

MEN OF CANADA.

\\^ILLIAM McVEITY, Chief of Police, Ottawa, was born January njth, 1832, at Richmond, Ont. He is the son of James McVeity and Alice Graham. He was educated at the public and grammar schools of Richmond. When fifteen years of age he went into farming operations with his father, continuing about four years. He then went to the lumber camps, where he worked about twelve years. He entered the Ottawa police force in 1866, and has fille<l all positions in the same, including those of sergeant, health officer, license inspector, detective, and finally Chief of Police since 1885. He has been instrumental in bring- ing to justice some of the most important criminals of the Dominion, receiving in some cases as high as $500 reward. Under his watchful care the city is found to be comparatively free from trouble in connec- tion with the criminal classes. In religion he is a member of the Church of England; in politics rather favors the Reform platform. He is also a member of the Masonic order. Chief McVeity was married in the year 1858, and has a family of eight children.

WILLIAM M'VKITY.

JOHN RAM SAY FLEMING, O..C.

JOHN RAMSAY FLEMING, Q.C., Ottawa, Ont., was born in 1826. His parents were James Fleming, manager of the firm of Hart, Logan & Co., Montreal, and Anne Cuthbert Rae, a woman of rare poetic genius, author of " Home," " A Year in Canada," and other poems. Her brother, John Rae, was also author of a work on political economy, of which John S. Mill, in " Principles of Political Economy," says : " In no other book known to me is so much light thrown on the causes which determine the accumulation of capital." Our subject was admitted to the Quebec Bar in 1847, and created a Q.C. in 1876. In 1858 he settled in Aylmer, P.Q., forming a partner- ship with L. R. Church (subsequently Attor- ney-General of Canada), and \V. R. Kenney, under the style of Fleming, Church & Ken- ney. He afterwards removed to Ottawa. He was appointed Crown prosecutor for the District of Ottawa, Que., in 1874, and has since filled that office, except during the Joli and Mercier administrations. Mr. Fleming was married April 26th, 1858, to Kate Jane Hickey, of Brooklyn, N.Y.

222

MEN

CANADA.

FRLDKK1CK EDWARD NLA I.E.

FREDERICK EDWARD NEALE,

*J representative of the firm of Neale, Harrison & Co., timber brokers, of Liver- pool, Eng., Chatham, N.B., was born at Bilstone, Leicestershire, Eng., in 1867. His parents were Thomas and Frances Eliza- beth (Dickinson) Neale. Mr. Neale was educated at Tudor House School, Notting- ham, Eng. On coming to America he located in the United States, and in 1888 took a position in Pensacola, Florida, with H. Baars & Co., with whom he remained three years. He then engaged with the above-mentioned firm in 1891, and removed to Chatham. Mr. Neale has proven him- self a worthy representative of this well- known firm, and their business at Chatham has accordingly made good progress. They are now one of the principal shipping firms from this port, and their interests are care- fully guarded by his watchful care. In reli- gion Mr. Neale is a member of the Church of England; in politics a Conservative. He was married, September 2nd, 1890, to S. Mignowitz Blair, daughter of Geo. A. Blair, Stipendiary Magistrate of Chatham, N.B.

UGH McKAY SUTHERLAND, con- tractor, president of the Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Railway, was born in P.E.I., February 22nd, 1845. His parents were Donald Sutherland and Euphemia Mc- Kay, who removed to Oxford County, Ont., in 1852, where Mr. Sutherland was educated in the public and grammar schools. When fifteen years of age he engaged in the lumber and contracting business, which he has since followed. In 1869 he removed to Simcoe County, where he had important contracts on the Northern and Midland Railways. In 1874 he located at Fort Garry (now Winni- peg), and from that year until 1878 was em- ployed as Superintendent of Public Works for the Dominion from Lake Superior to the Rockies. From 1879 to 1883 he engaged in lumbering and built large mills at Rat Portage and Winnipeg, and then became president of the Winnipeg and Hudson Bay Railway. Frem 1882 to 1887 he represented Selkirk County in the Commons as an Inde- pendent. Mr. Sutherland has been married twice, first to Miss Dickie, of Brantford,Ont., and second to Miss Banks.

HUGH M'KAY SUTHERLAND.

MEN OF CANADA.

207

JF. X. BEIQUE, M.D., St. Jean Baptiste, Rouville County, Que., was born at Chambly, June 1 5th, 1815. His parents were Francis and J. (Brunette) Beique. Dr. Beique received his classical education at Chambly College, and his medical education privately and at Montreal Medical College. He commenced practice at St. Gregoire, but soon after- wards located in St. Jean Baptiste, where he has since remained. For a number of years he was councillor, mayor, and for two years prefect for the county. In politics he is a Conservative, always taking an active part in political

affairs, though never having time to become a candidate for parliamentary honors. In religion the doctor is a Roman Catholic. August 25th, 1847, he married Marie Louise Johnson, of St. Mathias. His family consists of five children. Alcibiade, the eldest son, is one of the leading musicians of the Dominion, being located at Montreal; Henry is a doctor at Magog, while Philip resides at St. Jean Baptiste. One daughter, Annie, is married to Francis St. Germain, of Montreal ; Louise resides with her father, and is organist of the Catholic church, St. Jean Baptiste, and a teacher of music.

208

MEN

CANADA.

JEAN BAPTISTE VERON- NEAU, Parish Priest at St. Jean Baptiste village, Que., was born at St. Hugues, Jan. i8th, 1835. His father was Antoine Veron- neau, a prominent agriculturist, while his mother's maiden name was Archange Ledoux. Father Veronneau was edu- cated at St. Hyacinthe, where he spent eight years in the pursuit of his classical course, and two years in completing his theological course, teaching during the latter period. August i4th, 1859, he was ordained in St. Hyacinthe by Bishop Prince. His first charge was St. Valerien, where he remained nine years.

In Oct., 1868, he went to West Farn- ham, where he built a convent, hospital, and commercial college, spending thir- teen years at that place. In 1881 he went to St. Jean Baptiste, where he has since remained. Here he built a convent, and restored the church and presbytery. This is one of the oldest parishes in the Diocese of St. Hyacinthe, and there are 1,200 communicants in connection with his church, all of whom hold him in high esteem. In 1888 he visited all parts of France, Italy, Rome, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Holy Land. His father died October ist, 1864, and his mother, January i5th, 1872.

COLHORNE

BY

G. O. FOWLER.

THE village of Colborne is situated in -*- the southwest corner of the Township of Cramahe, in the tier of townships next to Lake Ontario, in the County of Northumberland. The first settler was Joseph Keeler, who came from Vermont in 1789, and landed at the mouth of the creek —now Colborne harbor. About 1793 he brought in a number of settlers from the same State. Among the pioneer families were Greeley, Scripture, Strong, Scott, Mer- riman, Cooper, Turney, Ogden, McDonald, Rogers, Ives, Print, Gould, Crandell, Pal- mer, Simmons, Alger, Conklin, Dewey, and Gaffield. The most of these families are st ill represented here by descendants. Joseph Keeler built a sawmill, flouring mill, card- ing and woollen mill, and a distillery, near where he landed. Joseph A. Keeler, son of the first settler, was the founder of Colborne. He laid out the first lots, and a market square, which is now converted into a nice little park ; he also gave free sites to some churches. This was about 1815, and the name of the first post-office was Cramahe ; but while Sir John Colborne was Lieuten- ant-Governor the name of the village was changed from Cramahe to Colborne. The land in the vicinity of Colborne is slightly hilly, producing springs of good water ; near- ly every farm has running water on it. The dairy is becoming the chief as well as the best part of farming business in this desir- able locality, although the land is also well adapted to raising fruit, especially apples.

Colborne was incorporated as a village in 1859, with about 800 population. About this time gravelled roads and the Grand Trunk Railway were being built. These expendi- tures of money gave the village quite a start, and soon increased the population to about

1,300, besides giving an impetus to the com- mon manufactures, such as tanneries, car- riage making, foundries, house building ma- terial, and shoe lace factory. The Colborne people have always taken a great interest in their schools. In 1859 they built a substan- tial brick schoolhouse, and at the same time united the high and public schools, and en- deavored to keep good teachers in all the departments. For the size of the place this school has always stood very high for its efficiency, and for turning out well-equipped teachers. Several families have moved into the village on purpose to enable their chil- dren to attend it. Like most villages through- out the country Colborne has not increased much the last few years, and now (11896) some of the older business men have gone to the cities, but others are taking their place. At the harbor (Lakeport) a large preserving or canning factory is in success- ful operation, which employs a large num- ber of persons. Colborne is also noted for the export of apples ; two or three of the largest buyers in Ontario are Colborne men. Simmons, Peterson, Dudley, Coyle, Philp, Snetsinger, have built convenient to the G.T.R. station large fruit houses for storage, in which a number of men are employed all winter repacking for shipment to Liverpool, Glasgow, Winnipeg, New York, and Chicago. This year (1896) there have been thirty thousand barrels shipped from this station to ihe cities just named. Colborne is a port of entry, and sailing vessels and steamboats stop here frequently. In 1893 the village put in an electric light plant. There are several up-to-date stores, an agency of the Standard Bank, a County Registry office, and Methodist, Church of England, Pres- byterian, and Baptist churches.

2 IO

MEN

CANADA.

\\flLL\AU ARMSON WIL- VV LOUGHBY, M.D., M.P.P., Colborne, Ont., was born in the County of Simcoe, Ont, Feb. 2nd, 1844. His father was the late George H. Willoughby, a native of County Cavan, Ireland, who came to Canada about the time of the rebellion of 1837- 38, and settled in Simcoe County, where he followed agricultural pursuits. He died in 1883, at Colborne. His mother's maiden name was Sarah Armson, of English descent, daughter of William Armson, in his day one of the prominent men of Simcoe County. He commenced his higher education at Bradford Grammar School, where he studied three years. In 1864 he entered the medical department of Victoria Uni- versity, Toronto, graduating in 1867 with the degree of M.D. He then began prac tice at Grafton, Ont., where he continued seven years. In 1874 he removed to Col- borne, where he has since remained, and has risen to the front rank of the medical profession in Ontario, en- joying a very large practice. He is also surgeon of the 40th Batt. Infantry, North- umberland. Dr. Willoughby has been active in municipal affairs and in politics. He was Warden of the United Counties of Northumberland and Durham in 1 884. Elect- ed first to the Provincial Parliament at the general election of 1886, he has been returned at each sub- sequent election. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, and a power for his party in both federal and provincial election campaigns. The

doctor is a strong and effective hustings' speaker, and also an able debater on the floor of the House, which makes him one of the ablest and most useful public men of the country. He is a clever thinker and a hard worker, and has the satisfaction of generally carry- ing his point. In religion he is a highly respected member of the Church of England. He is also a prominent member of the Masonic Order. He is very much interested in stock-raising, and has, during past years, imported some of the most valuable trotting stallions that have been brought into Canada.

MEN or CANADA.

21 I

ORCHARD FO\V- LER, Collector of Customs, Colborne, Ont, was born at Belleville, Ont., July 5th, 1832. His father was Orchard J. Fowler, of Conn., U.S.A.; his mother's maiden name was Eliza Ann Thompson, a native of Hastings County, Ont. Mr. Fowler was educated at the public and grammar schools of Colborne, at the latter under the late James B. Dixon, M.A. In 1855 he assumed the control of his father's earthenware manufactory, and carried on the same until 1877, when he was appointed Collector of Customs at the port of Cramahe, Colborne. When

young he joined the Sons of Temper- ance and Good Templars, and filled the chief offices in these societies. He is also a Freemason and has been treas- urer of Colborne Lodge about twenty years. He has been secretary- treasurer of Colborne Board of Education for a similar period; was also assessor, col- lector, councillor, and reeve of Colborne municipality. Mr. Fowler is a Reformer, but has taken no part in politics since his appointment. He is an adherent of the Methodist Church. He married, Nov. 29th, 1859, Sarah S. Clarke, second daughter of Joseph Clarke, of the Township of Cramahe.

MEN

CANADA.

®<7*\EV. J. A. LEMIEUX, D.D., J\ P.P. of Ste. Marie de Mon- ~ V5> noir, and Superior of the College of Ste. Marie de Monnoir, Que., was born Jan. i3th, 1857, at St. Hya- cinthe, Que. His parents were Paul Lemieux and Louise Fontaine. Dr. Lemieux was educated at the College of Ste. Marie de Monnoir. After com- pleting his course he was professor in the highest commercial classes, in rhet- oric and philosophy. He was ordained at St. Hyacinthe, Que., July 26th, 1881. In 1888 he went to Rome, remaining two years, where he received the degree of D.D. from the College of the Propa-

ganda. From 1890 to 1894 he was again professor of philosophy in the College of Ste. Marie. In 1894 he was appointed parish priest of Ste. Marie de Monnoir and superior of the college. This college was founded in 1853, and comprises a double course of studies, the commercial and the class- ical. This division of the studies affords many advantages; hence it is not sur- prising that the college has rapidly won a high reputation. The commercial course covers three years and the class- ical five years. Conditions for board- ers, $80.00 ; for outside boarder^, $24.00, for a term of ten months.

RIMOUSKJ

SKI is a beautiful little town about 1,300 inhabitants, sit- uated one hundred and eighty miles below Quebec, on the right shore of the River St. Lawrence, which is there thirty miles in breadth. It was founded in 1868, and since that time has made consider- able progress. There are a college, a seminary, and two nunneries. The college was founded by Mgr. Tanguay, and was at first a commercial institution. In 1862, by the help of the late Rev. M. G. Potvin, who can be styled the second founder, it became a classical college, and a seminary in 1868. There are also a court house and a gaol. The Intercolonial Railway has an important station, which is united by a branch line to the wharf of Rimouski.

Opposite the town is St. Barnabd Is- land, which was, from 1728 to 1767, the residence of a hermit whose name wasTous-

saint Cartier. He lived within that place alone, and no one knew whence he came. He died in 1767. The cathedral is remark- able for its proportion and Gothic style, and, when decorated, it will be one of the hand- somest churches in the country. It was built by Mgr. Tanguay, the ninth parish priest of Rimouski, from 1850 to 1859, the first parish priest being the late Rev. Pierre Robitaille, from 1793 to 1798. The first inhabitants of Rimouski were the families Lepage, St. Laurent, and Giroux, who came here in 1696. It was the Marquis of de la Tonquiere, and the lutendant Bigot, who conceded to Lepage de St. Barnabe that part of the country as seigniory. The first mis- sionary to the w'.iite people and the Micmac Indians was a Francist an monk named Ber- nadin Leneuf, from 1701 to 1703. The first bishop was the Right Rev. John Langevin, who came in 1867, and died in 1892.

JOSEPH LAVERGNE, M.P., of the «>^/ firm of Laurier, Lavergne & Cote, Advocates, Arthabaskaville, was born Oct. 2gth, 1847, at St. Pierre Riviere du Sud, Que. He was educated at the College of St. Anne de la Pocatiere. In 1867 he began the study of law, and was admitted to the Bar in 1871. For two years he practised alone, when he formed his present partner- ship with the Hon. W. Laurier. He is Batonnier of the Arthabaska section of the Bar of the province. He was first returned to Parliament in 1887, by acclamation, for Drummond and Arthabaska Counties, elected in 1891 by an immense majority, and is one of the most prominent members of the Lib- eral party. He has also been editor of L' Union des Cantons de I'Est since 1887. He was married in 1876 to Emily, eldest daughter of J. G. Barthe, Esq., ex-M.P.

71 LPHONSE JOS. LESSARD, M.D., Vs> Riviere du Loup, Temiscouata County, Que., was born [anuary I4th, 1872, at Riviere du Loup, Que. He is the son of F. X. Lessard, a carriage builder of that town. In 1874 the family left Riviere du Loup, to take up their residence at St. Roch, Que., where they still reside. In 1883 Dr. Lessard commenced his studies at the Little Seminary, of Quebec, where he occupied different charges in the literary and scientific societies of that institution. In 1891 he graduated from this ancient and distinguished college, with the degree of B.L., and entered Laval University as a student in medicine. He received his degree of M.D. in the spring of 1895. He then established himself in his native town, Riviere du Loup, where he has already laid the foundations of a successful career.

ai3

214

MEN

CANADA.

®<T)EVEREND LOUIS ANSELME *\& DEZIEL, priest of Notre Dame de Beauport, was born at Sainte Melanie de D'Aillebout, July ist, 1845. His parents were Sir Louis Isaac Deziel, N.P., and Lady Marie Julie Landry. The late Monseigneur Deziel, founder of the parish of Notre Dame de Levis, was his uncle, while the Reverend Sister Saint David, of the congregation of Notre Dame de Montreal, is his sister. Father Deziel entered Joliette College at the age of eleven years. In 1860 he commenced his classical course at Quebec Seminary, and in the autumn of 1868 took the ecclesiastical coat. During his clerkship the late Mgr. Baillargeon, Archbishop of Quebec, charged him with the discipline and teaching at Laval Normal School. He was ordained priest October ist, 1871, at Maskinonge, Que., by Mgr. Lefleche, Bishop of Three Rivers. He was then nominated vicar of the late priest of St. Joseph de Levis, and

the following year was called to the vicarage of Notre Dame de Levis. Mgr. Deziel, his uncle, of sainted memory, was then priest of this parish, of which he laid the foundations in the year 1850, and in 1879 appointed his nephew director of the College de Levis. After a year passed in this institution, Father Deziel returned to the vicarage of Levis, where he remained until the death of his uncle in June, 1882. The same year Mgr. Taschereau transferred him to the vicarage of St. Roch, Quebec. Three years later the diocesan authority reclaimed his services as vicar of the parish of St. Jean Baptiste de Quebec, where he lived until December I7th, 1895, when he was made priest of St. Michel de Bellechasse. October ist, 1893, Mr. Deziel was given charge of the important parish of Notre Dame de Beauport, which he administered with much ability. The parish of Notre Dame de Beau- port is one of the most ancient in Canada.

LIEUT.-COL. JULIEN BROSSEAU.

TIEUT.-COL. JULIEN BROSSEAU, ^v® Laprairie, Que., was born there Aug- ust I4th, 1837. From 1857 to 1864 he took an active interest in the navigation be- tween Montreal and Laprairie, and in 1864 he organized the Laprairie Navigation Co., and in 1880 the Laprairie Turnpike Road Co. From 1865 to 1885 he occupied such positions as postmaster, telegraph agent, and secretary-treasurer of the municipality. He has also been mayor, and warden. He organized an independent military com- pany in 1872, and in 1880 the 85th Battal- ion, which he commanded as lieutenant- colonel until 1892, when he resigned, retain- ing rank. In 1892 he was appointed Registrar of Laprairie County. Col. Bros- seau was married, first, August 2gth, 1857, to Philornene, sister of the late Hon. P. Fortin, of Laprairie, Que., and second, October 8th, 1889, to Marie Anne Alphon- sine, daughter of the late J. B. Normand.

MKN OF CANADA.

TOUIS TACHfi, LL.B., ,1 Advocate, Rimouski,

^^ Quebec, was born in Quebec City in 1858. He belongs to an old and illus- trious family, being a grand- nephew of the late Sir E. P. 'Facile*, and nephew of the late Archbishop Tache"( of St. Boniface. He is a son of the late Jos. Chas. Tache, M.I)., in his day one of the most distinguished physi- cians of Canada, being a professor in Laval Univer- sity, a Knight of the Legion of Honor, and Deputy Min- ister of Agriculture. His mother's maiden name was Francois LePage, a descend- ant of the first Seigneur of Rimouski. Mr. Tach£ was educated at Ste. Anne de la Pocatiere, and at the Jesu- its' College, Montreal. In 1879 he entered Laval Uni- versity, Montreal, to study law, graduating with honors and the degree of LL.B. in 1 88 1. In July of that year he was admitted to the Bar of Quebec. He studied provincial law in Toronto for six months, then travelled England, France, Italy, United States, etc. In 1882 com- menced practice in Quebec city on his own account. He then formed a part- nership with his brother, R. V. Tache, Q.C., and started in Riviere du Loup, where he remained until 1887. In that year he was a candidate for the Com- mons, in Rimouski Cbunty, in the in- terests of the Conservative party, but owing to the unpopularity of that party there at that time, on account of the Riel affair, he was defeated. He then located in Rimouski, where he settled down to solid practice, and was not

long in establishing a high reputation as an advocate. He has taken part in the most important criminal cases tried in his district with great success, and stands high among the best criminal lawyers of the province. Since being admitted to the Bar, and especially since settling in Rimouski, he has taken a great interest in political matters in the interests of his party, and is a forc- ible and eloquent orator. In 1892 he was a candidate for the Quebec Legis- lature for Rimouski, but was defeated by the small majority of 34 votes. He also was the Conservative candidate for Rimouski at the general elections in '96.

2l6

MEN

CANADA.

IANON LUKE ROULEAU,

Rimouski, Que., was born at Isle Verte, Que., Feb. 22nd, 1837. His parents were Joseph Rou- leau and Euphrosine Patouel Des Rosiers. After a commercial course Canon Rouleau entered the Seminary of Nicolet, completing his classics in 1859. He then went to Regiopolis College, Kingston, as Regent, and re- ceived the clerical tonsure from the late Bishop Horan. In 1860 he went to the Grand Seminary, Quebec, and soon afterwards was nominated assist- ant secretary to His Lordship Bishop Baillargeon, administrator of the Arch-

diocese of Quebec. The following year he went to the Normal School as assist- ant principal to the Rev. J. Langevin, who became first Bishop of the Diocese of Rimouski in 1867. In the meantime he continued to study theology at the Semi- nary of Quebec, and was ordained by Bishop Baillar- geon, Sept. 28th, 1862, in the Cathedral of Quebec, and appointed curate of St. Francois de Beauce, where he spent two years. In 1864 he was nominated pro- fessor and superintendent of the studies at the new College of Rimouski. In 1868 he became parish priest of Matane, where he spent sixteen years. Two years before leaving here he was appointed Dean or Arch- priest. In 1 884 he returned to the Seminary of Rim- ouski, as rector of the Little Seminary, with charge of teaching moral and dogmati- cal theology, but on account of ill-health gave up the same three years afterwards. February 22nd, 1885, he was appointed by His Holiness Pope Leo XIII. Canon of the Cathedral of Rimouski. From 188710 1890 he travelled in the States of North America, passing eight months in Oswego, N.Y., and eighteen months in Haverhill, Mass. He returned to Rimouski on the call of His Lordship Bishop Blais, and was appointed parish priest of the Cathedral of Rimouski, where he still remains. Canon Rou- leau is a brother of the Hon. C. B. Rouleau, Judge of the Supreme Court in the N.W.T., and of Dr» Rouleau, Belgium Consul, both living in Calgary.

MBN

CANADA.

217

JOS. NORBERT HOULIOT, Q.C.

JOS. NORBERT POULIOT, Q.C., Rimouski, Que., of the firm of Pouliot et Drapeau, was born there in August, 1842. His father was F. J. Pouliot, pilot, who was mayor and magistrate of the parish for years. Mr. Pouliot was educated at Quebec Semi- nary, and afterwards studied law with promi- nent lawyers of Quebec and Montreal. He also attended the Law College of St. Marie, Montreal, and received the degree of L.L.L. in 1866. He was then admitted to practice, and began operations in Montreal, where he continued for one year. He then started on a touring expedition, which lasted two years, and settled in Rimouski in 1869. He is recognized as one of the able legal men of the province, and was made Q.C. in 1889. In politics Mr. Pouliot is a Conservative; in religion a Roman Catholic. In 1875 he married Kate Coote, Quebec, who died in 1880. In 1888 he married Mina, daughter of the Hon. Justice Mathieu, Montreal. She died in 1894. Mr. Pouliot has been mayor, is Vice-Consul for Hawaii, major in the 8gth Battalion, and is also President of the Rimouski Bar Association.

- JEAN BAPTISTE ROMAULI) FISET, Rimouski, Que., was born at St. Cuthbert, Que., February 7th, 1842. He is the son of Henri Fiset, J.P., of that place, and Aime'e, daughter of Honore" Pla- mandon, Esq., of Quebec. Dr. Fiset re- ceived his early education at Montreal College, and pursued his medical studies at Laval University, graduating in 1867. He has since practised in Rimouski, where he has a large connection. The doctor has been town councillor and mayor of Rimouski, is at present surgeon Provisional Battalion, Rimouski Militia, a governor of the Medical College of Quebec, one of the five surgeon- majors of the Dominion, and a well-known and influential citizen. In politics he is a Liberal. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Rimouski for the Quebec Assembly in April, 1872, and was first returned to the Dominion Parliament at the general elections of 1872 ; re-elected at the general elections of 1874, and again in 1878; defeated in 1882 ; re-elected in 1887 ; defeated again in 1891 by Sir A. P. Caron. Dr. Fiset's family consists of five sons and three daughters.

UR. JEAN BAPTISTE ROMAULI) FISET.

218

MKN

CANADA.

TtUGUSTE TESSIER, Barrister, and •^ V® Mayor of Rimouski, Que., was born November 2Oth, 1853, at Quebec city. He is a son of the Hon. U. J. Tessier, Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, and Marie Adele Kelly. Mr. Tessier graduated in the la .v faculty of Laval University, and was ad- mitted to the Bar in July, 1876. He at once commenced practice in Rimouski, and was not long in winning the esteem and confi- dence of the public. He filled with credit the offices of mayor of the town of Rimou- ski, president of the Society of Agriculture, and warden of his county. In December, 1889, he was elected to represent the County of Rimouski in the Quebec Legislature, which he did so creditably that he has been twice since returned for the same constitu- ency, namely, at the general elections of 1890 and 1892. In politics he is a Liberal, and in Parliament is looked upon as one of the strong men of his party. Mr. Tessier was married in 1878 to Miss Corinne Gauv- reau, daughter of P. L. Gauvreau, Esq., notary, coroner, and collector of customs at Rimouski.

AUGUSTE TESSIER.

NAPOLEON BERNIEP LL.B.

APOLEON BERNIER, LL.B., Ad- vocate, Rimouski, Que., was born at St. Charles, Que., in 1850. He studied classics at Quebec Seminary for eight years, and then decided to study theology. Fail- ing health compelling him to abandon this, he travelled for one year. In 1874 he was made deputy registrar for Temiscouata Count)', and in 1875 became private tutor to the family of Lieut. -Governor Caron, spending one year as such at " Spencerwood," Quebec. He commenced the study of law in 1876 in Quebec, and in 1877 entered the law depart- ment of Laval University, and was called to the Bar in July, 1881. He then practised in Rimouski with J. N. Pouliot until 1884, when he became connected with L. N. As- selin until 1891. Since that time he has practised alone, and stands high as a learned and able member of the Quebec Bar. He has occupied as Crown prosecutor for sev- eral terms the District of Rimouski ; he is also manager and secretary-treasurer for the Rimouski Mutual Fire Insurance Co. In politics he is a Conservative. He married, in 1882, Josephine, daughter of Luc Sylvain.

MEN OF CANADA.

219

WILLIAM CAMERON ED- W A R D S, M. P., lumberman, Rockland, Ont., was born ;th of May, 1844, in County Russell, Ont. He is the son of William Edwards and Ann Cameron, the former being Reeve of Russell for twenty years, also Warden, J.P., etc. Mr. Edwards was < «liicated at the Ottawa Grammar School, and in 1862 entered the em- ploy of Cameron & Edwards, Thurso, Que., where he remained until Novem- ber, 1868. He then went to Rockland and established the basis of the busi- ness of which he is now the head, namely, the well-known firm of W. C. Edwards & Co., Limited. In 1875, m addition to his other business, he began the shipping of cattle to Eng- land ; has clone a great deal in the way of promoting the improvement of live stock, and is, perhaps, among the most advanced men in the province in this respect. He has now large stock farms, having systemized the breeding of stock to such an extent that to-day he can claim to be the most suc- cessful cattle- raiser in the province. He also takes a lively interest in all matters pertaining to agriculture, and is an active member of the Agriculture and Arts Association, Province of On- tario. In politics Mr. Ed- wards is a Liberal, and a staunch supporter of that party. He was first elected as representative of the County of Russell at the general elections in 1887, and has, since that time, invtMi a most satisfactory

« • J

account of himself in this

connection. He is also an able expon- ent of the principles of his party, and has done much to advance the interests of Liberalism in his district The town of Rockland, of which he may rightly be said to be the founder, has now a population of about 2,500, and is still rapidly growing. His business career, up to date, is among the most remark- able of any in Canada. Mr. Edwards was married, in 1884, to the eldest daughter of Wm. Wilson, of Cumber- land, Ont, a native of Edinburgh, Scot- land, who for many years occupied a prominent position in his locality, being Reeve, Warden, etc.

220

MKN OF* CANADA.

TT NDREW McCORMACK, lum- _X% berman, Pembroke, Ont, was V«) born March 29th, 1829, at Trune, Ayrshire, Scotland. His par- ents were John McCormack and Mary Moffatt, the former being harbor mas- ter at Trune. Mr. McCormack was educated at Lockard College, Trune, and after coming to this country con- tinued his studies at Bytown (now Ottawa). After completing his educa- tion he engaged in the lumbering trade on the Ottawa river, and has since fol- lowed that line of business. In 1843 ne went about 200 miles north of the city of Ottawa, to a point on a tributary of the

Ottawa river, where he was in the em- ploy of Mr. Jos. Aumond for thirteen years, being finally promoted to the position of general manager of his de- partment. In the year 1853, while in the employ of Mr. Aumond, that gen- tleman complimented him in a speech before Lord Elgin, saying that he would trust his entire wealth to the Scotch lad, his possessions amounting at that time to about $200,000. Mr. McCor- mack subsequently engaged with the firm of McConnell & Co., Mattawa, Ont., as general manager of the busi- ness and junior partner, where he re- mained nine years. He afterwards was manager for Mr. D. T. Brown for two years. In 1870 he embarked in lum- bering operations for him- self, which he has since con- tinued successfully. On ac- count of his liberality he has lost a great deal of money, but, notwithstanding all his losses, to-day he is worth $150,000. Mr. McCormack has been instrumental in negotiating some of the larg- est lumber deals on the Ot- tawa river, and a high standard for veracity and straightforward dealings has characterized all his trans- actions. He has had a family of eight children, six of whom are now living, namely, Miss McCormack, of Pembroke ; John C. Mc- Cormack, a well - known business man of Sudbury, Ont. ; Mrs. Menzies, of Pembroke ; Dr. Norman McCormack, of Renfrew, Ont. ; Mrs. Naysmith, of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia; and Mrs. Dr. Echlin, of Ottawa, Ont.

LEV1S

1-1^ ~

I HIS exceedingly pretty town of 8,000

-*- inhabitants, occupying an enchanting position facing Quebec, is much sought after by tourists. This busy and important centre is remembered on account of its nu- merous features of attraction, only a few of which can be mentioned in this limited space. The widely-known Lewis College. The attendance is very large, not less than an average of 400 names being found on its register, while the efficient equipment and thorough work done account for its popu- larity. It is safe to say that in no other place of its size in the Dominion is greater interest shown in the helpless, aged, and afflicted than in the town of LeVis. The two well-equipped hospitals, erected and sus- tained for the treatment and care of these classes, show how widely diffused the Chris- tian spirit has become. The religious com-

munity is strongly represented by the splen- did Catholic church and other churches of different denominations. The industrial feature of Le\is is very pronounced, and is substantially represented by the great manu- factory of Carrier, Laine & Co., employing over 300 hands. This house does an im- mense trade, and has a deservedly good reputation for its wares. The boot and shoe trade is ably conducted by the establishments of King and Richardson ; the wood trade by S. Gosselin ; and the filing works by Samson. Lc-vis is the terminus of the great railway lines/the I.C.R., G.T.R.,and Q.C.R., which provide connection in all directions. The founder of the town was Mgr. David Dc-ziel, who was parish priest for more than thirty years, and whose statue is erected before the Catholic church on the square which bears his name.

FRANCIS XAVIER GOSSE- LIN, parish priest of Notre Dame de Levis, Que., was born Decem- ber i6th, 1844, at St. Laurent, Isle of Or- leans, Que. His parents were Francis Xavierand Henriette Pepin-Lachance, farm- ers, our subject being the eldest of a family of nineteen children, of whom thirteen yet survive. Father Gosselin entered the Little Seminary of Quebec in 1858, where he took his classical course, and, deciding to take holy orders, began the study of theology in the Grand Seminary in 1866. He was or- dained to the priesthood October I7th, 1869, by the late Monseigneur C. F. Baillargeon, in the Basilica of Quebec. Immediately after ordination he was nominated vicar of St. Roch de Quebec, and in December, 1876, he was called to succeed as rector of the said parish the Rev. Z. Charest. In 1885 he was transferred to St. Joseph de la Beauce, and in 1895 to his present parish.

REV. FRANCIS XAVIKR (iOSSKI.IN.

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<^<5"^EV. CHARLES EDWARD J\ CARRIER, Superior of ~ vS> Levis College, Quebec, was born March 22nd, 1853, at Levis, Que. His parents were George Carrier and Marie Julie Labadie. Our subject was educated at Levis College and the Sem- inary of Quebec. After graduation, he was called to be professor of the College of Levis. Ordained priest in Quebec Cathedral in 1876, by the Most Rever- end E. A. Taschereau, Archbishop of Quebec (now His Eminence Cardinal Taschereau). He continued a pro- fessor of the College until 1878, when he was called to fill the important posi-

tion of procurator. Under his able administration the college has become one of the most important institutions of the province. It was founded in 1851 by Rev. Father Deziel ; was at first under the direction of the Christian Brothers, in 1860 went under the direc- tion of Quebec Seminary, and in 1874 became an independent institution. The chapel in connection with the college is due to the generosity of M. Ls. Ed. Couture, and is a grand monument of architecture. Professor Carrier is a member of the C.M.B.A., C.B.L., and Artizans' Society , holding the position of Deputy of District in the first mentioned.

OF* CANADA.

223

I .ATE CHARLES

\\ILLIAM CAR-

KI KR, manufacturer, LeVis, Oue., was born at St. Henri de Lauzon, January 20th, 1839. He entered L£vis College during its first year, and showed him- self a very apt pupil. In 1845 he became clerk in the commercial house of L. cS: A. Carrier, where he re- mained six years. In 1861 he opened a store on his own account, and in a few years was at the head of an extensive business. In 1864, with Mr. Laine, he started an iron foundry in Levis, and eight years later the 4 'Carrier- Laine "works were known all over the country. Besides making a financial success of his enterprise, Mr. Carrier earned the gratitude of his fellow-citizens for having opened the doors of his works to the youth de- siring to learn trades, and for furnishing employment for .^uch large numbers of men. He was beloved by his employees, chiefly on account of his interest in their welfare. Unlike the majority of employers, he knew that a little consideration to an employee, at the right time, is never out of place. In timss of depression he often kept his foundry open just to furnish employ- ment for his hands, and in the mid>t of his numerous occupations found time to devote to everything tending to better the condition of the working classes. He was one of the founders of the Per- manent Building Society of LeVis, and of the Loan and Investment Society of Quebec, having been a director of the laiter company from its foundation

until hijj|eath. Since 1870 he held a seat in the Council of Arts and Manu- factures, which he presided over for two years. He devoted both his time and wealth to acts of charity and works of public interest. In 1882 he gave the town of LeVis a bronze statue of its founder, which is erected in D6ziel Square. Mr. Carrier went to California, to improve his health ; but after a few months' sojourn in that country returned to his home, where he died September i8th, 1887. In 1864 Mr. Carrier was married to Henriette Camille Cainet, daughter of the first Mayor of LeVis.

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GEORGE TAYLOR DAVIE, Levis, Que., one of the promi- nent figures in the shipping trade of Quebec, was born in that city in 1828. His parents were the late Alison Davie, master mariner of Yar- mouth, Eng., and Elizabeth, daughter of the late George Taylor, a leading shipbuilder of Quebec. Mr. Davie was educated at Gale's Boarding School, St. Augustin. Having learned the trade of shipwright in early man- hood, he went into this business on his own account, and successfully built a large number of ocean vessels, river tugs, and passenger boats. He came

into possession of the pa- tent slip at Levis on the death of his father, the same having since been of im- mense advantage to the ship- ping trade of the St. Law- rence, and is still employed in connection with his float- ing docks and the wrecking business. Mr. Davie's im- proved appliances for rais- ing and saving wrecks have been the means of rescuing millions of dollars worth of property from total loss, and fairly constitute him a public benefactor. Among the most important property of this kind which he has snatched from de- struction in Anticosti, St. Pierre, Miquelon, and else- where, may be mentioned the steamships "Corean," "Vendolana, " "Warwick," "River Ettrick," "Colina," "Douro," "Amaryllis," "Ti- tania," and "Lake Huron." In many instances the sal- vages of these vessels was a real feat of skill, and Mr. Davie can fairly claim the title of the most successful of Canadian wreckers. He has also erected at Levis graving dock repair shops as complete as any this side of the Atlantic. Mr. Davie is in other respects also a public- spirited citizen, having served in the Town Council of Levis for several terms, and is a large employer of labor. September 3rd, 1860, he mar- ried Mary Euphemia, daughter of the late Duncan Patton, of Indian Cove, one of the large lumbermen of Quebec. His sons are now engaged with him in business. Mr. Davie is a member of the Masonic Order, and of St. George's Society.

MEN OP CANADA.

7f LPHONSE THOMAS, postmaster of ><s Laprairir, <Jm-., was born in Aug- ust, 1848, in that place. His parents were Paul Thomas and Scholastique Aganier, the former being a native of Laprairic, whose parents were from Belgium, and the latter of St. Constant, Que. Mr. Thomas received his education at the Academy in Laprairie. At the age of seventeen years he went to Montreal, where he remained two years. He then went to Chicago, but after one year returned to Montreal, and four years later he located in Laprairie, where he was for nineteen years manager of the Laprairie Club, and on October 2oth, 1893, was appointed postmaster. This is compara- tively a new post-office, having been begun in 1891 and completed in 1893. It is one of the neatest in the Province of Quebec, and is well conducted under the supervision of Mr. Thomas. In religion he is a Roman Catholic; in politics a Conservative. He is also secretary-treasurer of the Socic-te Lit- eraire of Laprairie. Mr. Thomas was mar- ried February 8th, 1875, to Miss Marie Louise Barrette, of Laprairie, Que.

ALPHONSK THC'M \-

RKV. EDWARD KAFARD.

EDWARD FAFARD, Parish Priest of St. Joseph de L£vis, Que., was born March i6th, 1829, at L'Islet, Que. His parents were the late Joseph Fafard, Esq., and Angelique Fortin. Father Fafard took his commercial and classical courses in St. Anne's College ; was ordained priest September 24th, 1853, by Right Rev. Archdeacon Turgeon, and appointed curate at French Cathedral, Quebec. In 1854 he was appointed missionary at Douglas- town and Gasp£, but in 1860 became the first parish priest in Portneuf County. In 1862 he was appointed to St. Sylvester. Here he founded a convent for children of both sexes, improved the parish church, and erected two new parishes, viz., St. Patrick's and St. Severin. In 1873 he was appointed to his present charge, where he has since made many improvements, viz., a grand new cemetery, a new Chapel of the Sacred Heart, a commercial college, the Convent of Jesus and Mary, founded by his predecessor, Rev. Father Routier, the parish church beautifully enriched, while five Calvaries have also been erected.

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FELIX V. LEBONTE.

TfELIX V. LEBONTE, proprietor of the ^ National Hotel, Marieville, Que., was born in Beaconsfield, Vermont, January ist, 1840. His father was Louis Lebonte, a prominent farmer, now residing at Marie- ville, Que. His mother's maiden name was Elizabeth Duclos. Mr. Lebonte was educated at Abbotsford, Que. He spent several years in the United States, and was for a long period in business at Indian Orchard, near Spring- field, Mass., and afterwards in Springfield. In April, 1879, he came to Canada, locating at Marieville, where he has since remained, being to-day one of the best known men in that part of the country, his hotel bearing the reputation of being the best equipped in the county. In 1859 Mr. Lebont6 married Miss Euphemia Vient. His family consists of four sons and three daughters, living. One son, Felix Vegiard Lebonte^ now a priest, is a professor at Marieville College, where he received his education, and has held the position of professor there since 1889, being deservedly popular with the college faculty and students. In politics Mr. Lebonte is an Independent.

. JOSEPH FELIX VEGIARD LEBONTE, Marievilie, Que., was born July 27th, 1869, at Indian Orchard, Mass. He is a son of Felix V. Lebonte and Euphemia Vient, French Canadians. Father Lebonte attended the public schools of Indian Orchard and Springfield, Mass., and afterwards the Lower Seminary of St. Marie de Monnoir, P.Q. When ten years of age he attended the Sunday-school conducted by Father Landry, the parish priest of Indian Orchard at that time, but soon followed his parents to Canada, where, a year later, he made his first communion. He after- wards took an eight years' commercial and classical course, at the end of which time he took up the stud}' of theology, and was ordained by the diocesan bishop, Most Rev- erend Louis Zephirin Moreau, at St. Hya- cinthe, February 25th, 1893. Having been six months curate of St. Hilaire, the office of tutorship was tendered him, which he still occupies. French, English, and music are the main lines of his office. The Lower Seminary of Marieville maintains him in his present office.

REV. JOSEPH FELIX VEGIARD LEBONTE.

MEN OF CANADA.

227

'. JOSEPH ALFRED LA- ROSE, Parish Priest, La- _ prairie, Que., was born in 1840. His parents are Narcisse La- rose and Emelia Dansereau, agricul- turists. His grandfather, father and mother were born at Vercheres, Que. His parents are still living, very highly- respected and well-known residents of their county. Father Larose was edu- cated at L'Assomption College, where he received his classical and theological training. He was ordained to the priesthood by the late Bishop Bourget, Feb. 24th, 1866. His first appointment was Vicar of St. Martin, where he re-

mained for two years, after which he was five years and one-half at La Cal- trie. He became parish priest at Ste. Julienne, Feb. 6th, 1874, where he min- istered until Nov. 27th, 1880, when he went to St. Liguori to fill a similar office. He was appointed to his pres- ent charge October ist, 1892. Here he has built a fine stone church, which is one of the largest in the province, and has about 2,700 communicants. Father Larose is an eloquent and scholarly preacher and a faithful pastor, and the spiritual well-being of his parishioners is most carefully looked after by him.

228

MEN OF CANADA..

PETER WHITE, M.P., Speaker of the House of Com- mons, Pembroke, Ont., was born August 2oth, 1838, in Pembroke. His parents were Peter White and Cecilia Thomson. His father served in the Royal Navy on Lake Ontario, but, having left the service, settled at Pem- broke in 1828. Mr. White was edu- cated at the schools of his birthplace. He commenced business at the age of twelve, and at twenty became identified with lumbering operations, and is now one of the best known and most suc- cessful lumbermen of Eastern Ontario. He has taken an active interest in the

municipal affairs of Pembroke ; was reeve of his township in 1870, and of the town in 1871-4. In politics he is a Conservative, one of the stalwarts of that party. He was first elected to the House of Commons for the electoral division of North Renfrew at the general elections of 1874, and re-elected at the general elections of 1878, 1882, 1887, and 1891. He was Speaker of the House of Commons in 1891, and was a very popular occupant of that impor- tant office. In religion Mr. White is a Presbyterian. He was married to Miss Thomson in 1878, and has a family of four children.

COBOURG

HV

MAJOR H. J. SNELGROVE.

[ill. municpal capital and judicial seat -^- of the populous United Counties of Northumberland and Durham is delightfully situated, close to the Lake Ontario shore, in a broad valley, bounded on the north by a high range of picturesque hills, in the fertile Township of Hamilton, of which the present town originally formed part, being distant from Toronto 70 miles, Rochester, N.Y., 60 miles, and Montreal 260 miles. It was first settled one hundred years ago by U.K. Loyalists, who had fled from the revolutionary regime in the United States. At that time the 3,500 acres now comprising this charming lakeside town was a wilderness of forest verdure, whose silence was broken only by the footfall of the graz- ing deer or the scream of the waterfowl wading in the splash of the sandy beach. On July i6th, 1792, Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe by proclamation defined the bound- aries of the Counties of Northumberland and Durham, being the twelfth and thir- teenth respectively of the original nineteen counties into which the Province of Upper Canada was erected. In 1798 the Legisla- ture created these two counties into a separ- ate district, to be known as the Newcastle District. Some time during the same year Elias Nicholson, a loyal refugee, took up his abode within the limits of the present town plot, and built a small log cabin, which was the first house erected in the municipality. The first store in the place was opened in 1802, on the road which, in honor of King George III., the reigning sovereign, was called King street, a thoroughfare which

was little better than a morass in those primitive days. The land was first surveyed and laid out in " town lots," which were sold and held at " boom " prices seemingly fabu- lous to-day. In 1805 an Act of the Legisla- ture authorized the district magistrates to select some fit and proper place within either the Township of Haldimand or that of Hamilton for the erection of a court house and gaol for the Counties of Northumber- land and Durham. These buildings were consequently erected at " Amherst," al- though bitter contention and protracted liti- gation ensued between the rival factions for the selection of the new judicial seat before it was finally decided. For the first twenty years of its history the growing village crowning the commanding eminence on which the old court house and gaol now stand was called "Amherst," after Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, one of the commanders-in- chief of the British army in America during the French war. The name of the place was subsequently changed to " Hamilton," after the township in which it was situated. But at a meeting of the inhabitants, held shortly after the coronation of Queen Vic- toria, it was finally christened Cobourg, in honor of Prince Albert, the Queen's consort, whose birthplace was Coburg, in the Ger- man duchy of that name. The decade of 1820-30 witnessed the arrival of a large number of English and Scottish settlers, whose intelligence, industry, enterprise, and thrift gave a vigorous impetus to the town's progress.

In 1837, the year of the rebellion, the

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CANADA.

village was incorporated under a Board of Police, who managed its affairs until 1850, when it assumed the dignity and status of a town, electing as its first mayor the late William Weller, an energetic citizen who ran a daily line of stage coaches, the only mode of travel from Toronto to Mont- real before the construction of the G.T.R.

The late Hon. George Boulton practised law here at an early period, and in his office were to be found students who subsequently became distinguished in the annals of their country, the late Chief Justice Draper and Sir John A. Macdonald being of the num- ber ; and the townsfolk are particularly proud of the fact that the late Chief Justice Moss and the present Chief Justice Armour were old Cobourg boys. The go-ahead character of the first generation of Cobourg- ians is well illustrated. For example, they built a plank road to Rice Lake, thirteen miles, at a large outlay, to secure trade and business from the north country. In 1853 they opened the Cobourg, Peterboro & Marmora Railway, one of the first railroads built in Upper Canada — an enterprise which cost its promoters over $1,000,000. Among Cobourg's fine public buildings the most imposing is the town hall, called Victoria Hall, which, in the presence of 20,000 peo- ple, was opened with magnificent ceremony by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales during his visit to Canada in 1860. It is a splendid structure of Corinthian architecture, fronted with Cleveland cut stone, and the cost of its erection was over $100,000. It contains a commodious court room and a large opera house, having accommodation for about 1,000 people. All the municipal offices for town and county are also located in this building.

Cobourg has long been noted for its military esp.rit de corps. For some time previous to the removal of the imperial troops from Canada it was a garrison town, and the presence of " the reg'lars " was a great incentive to the volunteer militia.

Cobourg is now the headquarters of the 4Oth Northumberland Regiment of Infantry and a fine battery of garrison artillery, corps which have won the highest honors and prizes and received eulogistic encomiums for efficiency of equipment and precision of drill and firing in Dominion rifle and artillery competitions.

The churches of Cobourg will favorably compare with those of larger places. St. Peter's (Anglican) is Gothic in style, with a seating capacity of 850. It is equipped with every requirement, including a first-class pipe organ and a handsome Sunday-school hall, costing $3,000 each. St. Peter's has long occupied a prominent place in the Toronto diocese, having been the scene for forty years of the ministerial labors of the late Bishop Bethune. St. Michael's (Roman Catholic) is an imposing temple of Roman- esque architecture, beautifully decorated in white and gold, and seating 800 worship- pers. The Presbyterian church is a com- modious, well-appointed edifice of white brick, having a Sunday-school annex with nicely furnished parlors for the various church auxiliaries and societies. The Methodists have two churches here, each doing good work. The Division street church is one of the oldest and most historic Methodist sanctuaries in the district, and was for half a century intimately associated with Victoria University prior to the removal of that seat of learning from Cobourg to Toronto. Its pastors have invariably been preachers of more than ordinary ability. The King street church is a comparatively modern building, and is the religious home of the united Episcopal Methodist and Bible Christian churches of the town. The Con- gregational and Baptist denominations also maintain substantial churches here.

From its earliest days Cobourg has been an important educational centre. Hundreds of the graduates of old Victoria, now occu- pying prominent positions in the profes- sional life of the country, fondly recall the

MEN OP CANADA.

happy hours they spent in college halls at this classic burg. And while the removal of the university admittedly deprived the town of much educational prestige, yet its Col- legiate Institute and Public schools are still maintained at the highest standard of excel- lence. The Collegiate Institute is divided into five departments, with a trained special- ist in charge of each. It has a good library and a large laboratory supplied with all necessary apparatus, so that the students may perform their own experimental work in science. Five Public schools (including the County Model School) and one Separate school are presided over by a proficient staff of teachers. The principal industries of the town are the woollen mills, the matting fac- tory, and the car works. The woollen mills were established in 1845, and are now car- ried on by a company, Mr. William Rosa- mond being managing director. The mills contain eight sets of cards, and are fitted with woollen machinery of the latest im- proved pattern. The goods manufactured are exclusively tweed, of which over 400,000 yards are turned out annually. The cocoa matting which carpets the corridors of the Parliament Buildings at Ottawa and To- ronto, and also nearly every other public building in Canada, was manufactured at the Cobourg matting factory, so successfully built up since 1884 by the present proprie- tor, Mr. William Mitchell. Here may be seen the manufacture of cocoa matting of all designs and in all stages, from the un- packing of the immense bales of cocoa and jute yarn, imported direct from India, and from the threading of the shuttle to the rolling of the finished fabric into webs ready for shipment.

The largest industrial establishment in Cobourg is carried on by the Crossen Car Manufacturing Company, which was founded by the late James Crossen in 1870. Every class of railway car is manufactured at these works, now covering an area of over fifteen acres. Their capacity is seven pas-

senger and one hundred and fifty freight cars per month. They have built rolling stock for nearly every railway corporation in Canada, including particularly the Cana- dian Pacific, the Grand Trunk, the Inter- colonial, the Canada Atlantic, the Lake Erie & Detroit River, and the Newfound- land railway. As a sample of elegant and luxurious coaches turned out by the Crossen works, the Governor-General's official car, " Victoria," might be mentioned. In the mercantile sphere the proprietors of the principal houses are : Field & Bro., Hewson & Son, McCallum & Son, Sam. Clarke, and W. Black, in dry goods ; Guillet & Bro., Hooey & Son, W. Burnet, Harvey & Son, and Woodcock & Co., in groceries ; and Macnachtan- & Co. and Hayden & Son, in hardware. By square dealing these old- established firms have built up a large and reliable business reputation that is second to none in the Dominion. But while the town enjoys many excellent advantages as a com- mercial and manufacturing centre, it is as a popular summer resort, with all the requi- sites for the rest and recreation of the weary body and tired brain, that Cobourg is par excellence more especially noted. We are safe in saying that no town in Canada of the same size contains so many beautiful residences which have been erected by wealthy Americans for their summer homes, while few, if any, places can surpass it for splendid hotel accommodation. Besides " The Arlington," which is an exclusively summer hostelry, having accommodation for over 300 guests, and with every room en- gaged one year ahead of the season, there are a dozen first-class hotels, which cater to the American as well as the commercial trade.

A factor which speaks volumes in favor of Cobourg is that southern visitors who came here fifteen or twenty years ago, and for the first time enjoyed the pure and invigorating ozone of this locality, have returned every year since, and each succeeding season have

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brought back relatives or friends with them, until now nearly every State in the Union, as well as all the leading cities of the Do- minion, have their families, constituting an elite colony of summer residents at Cobourg. Many of them own palatial houses, which they occupy early in the season with their households, in order to enjoy this cool, re- freshing atmosphere during the warm sum- mer months, returning to their southern homes for the winter. The citizens have been fully alive to the importance of this factor in the town's prosperity, and are sup- plementing what nature has kindly bestowed upon them by putting in a first-class system of waterworks and sewerage, and keeping their streets in excellent condition. The good, smooth roads leading out of the town are much frequented by driving and riding parties, who greatly enjoy the magnificent

scenery along the lake shore, or the lovely pastoral scenes and grand views and vistas of land and lake to be taken in from the hilltop ; while Lake Ontario, stretching to the southward, affords a tempting opportu- nity for boating and sailing, its merry, rip- pling waters, dancing in sun or moonlight, being usually specked with craft of all kinds. In this connection it is worthy of note that Cobourg has long been famous for fast yachts.

The sandy beach, extending for miles on either side of the commodious harbor of refuge, renders bathing in the clean white sand a safe and pleasant recreation. Possessing, as it does, all the essentials of salubrity of climate, beauty of situation, and advantages of society, it is not wonderful that Cobourg should lay claim to the title, " The Newport of Ontario."

>^ORILLT COLLARD FIELD, M.P.P., \fc_^g, merchant, Cobourg, Ont., was born October 5th, 1830, at Tavistock, Devon, England. His parents were John and Martha Field, natives of England, who settled in Cobourg in 1834. Our subject received his education at Cobourg, after which he entered his father's store, and has since been engaged in business as merchant. The firm of Field & Bro., importers of dry goods, groceries, etc., is now one of the well- known houses in Cobourg. Mr. Field was councillor for twelve years, also occupied the position of mayor for one year. In poli-

tics he is a Liberal ; he was first returned for the Local House in 1886, re-elected in 1890 and 1894, and is a prominent member of his party. He is on the Collegiate Insti- tute Board, and chairman of the Board of Commissioners, Cobourg. In religion he is a Congregationalist. Mr. Field was mar- ried in 1859 to Mary Ann Hassack. His family consists of four sons and four daugh- ters. His eldest son is a barrister, while two others are graduates of Trinity Medical Col- lege, and are now pursuing their studies at Edinburgh, Scotland.

MEN OF CANADA.

233

r^ -

THE LATE JAMES

A CROSSEN, Cobourg, Ont., was born March 9th, 1826, in Comber, near H< Ifast, Ireland. In early life he came to Canada, and settled in Cobourg in 1852. In 1854 he was married to Margaret Jane, daughter of Rev. W. Hayden, of Cold- springs, a man whose work forms a large part of the early history of Congrega- tionalism in this province. Mr. Crossen engaged in the foundry business, and in 1870 began car building. H is establishment soon grew to be the finest in the Do- minion, and the work turned out second to none in the world. The greater num- ber of the finest sleepers and day cars on the Canadian Pacific and Intercolonial railways were made at Mr. Crossen's works, and their perfect workmanship, con- venience, and running have made his name known from the Atlantic to the Pacific. His business and private career are models of honor, integrity, and purity. As an employer he was firm, though conciliatory, expecting all his employees to do their duty. Apart from his business, he never lacked time to devote to his family, his friends, and his Church. Many a business man found relief in times of depression at his hands ; many a student of Victoria College and minister of the Methodist Church has completed his education through his financial help. Next to his love for. his family was his love for his Church, of which he was an active member, trustee, and class-leader. He was a loving husband and father, a true

friend, a man of wide and tender sym- pathy, and singularly benevolent dispo- sition, and his life proves that integrity and Christian character are not incom- patible with business success and public esteem. While returning from Boston he suddenly took ill, and December 9th, 1890, died at Montreal. Mr. Crossen left a wife, four daughters, and two sons to mourn his sudden death. The daughters are married, while his sons, William James and Frederick John, are general manager and secretary- treasurer respectively of the Crossen Car Manufacturing Company of Co- bourg, Limited.

234

MEN

CANADA.

1\/TAJOR HENRY J. SNEL- IV I GROVE, J.P., Cobourg,

vS> Ont, was born near that town Sept. 1 4th, 1860. He was edu- cated at Cobourg Collegiate Institute and Victoria University, taking honors in modern languages at " Old Vic." Having a taste for journalism, he began newspaper work at Bowmanville on The Bible Christian Observer. In 1885 he became editor of The Cobourg World, which, under his able management, reached a wide circulation. He became a prominent politician, and for eight years was secretary and organizer for the West Northumberland Reform

Association. In Sept., 1893, he became Governor of the Gaol for Northumberland and Durham. He is a well- known militia officer, holding the rank of major and quar- termaster in the 4oth Bat- talion of Infantry. In 1886 he was made a J.P. He is a member of the Law Society of Osgoode Hall, and an undergraduate in the Faculty of Law at Toronto Univer- sity. Among beneficent brotherhoods, he is Grand Chaplain of the Royal Ar- canum, in Ontario, and was District Deputy Grand Re- gent in that order for three years. He is also one of the chief officers of the A.O.F. In Dec., 1889, when Court "Pride of Northum- berland " was instituted at Cobourg, he became a charter member, and the first S.C.R. of the court; and for four consecutive terms he was re-elected to the office of Chief Ranger. In 1891 he was chosen D . C. R. for Northumberland, Durham, and Peterboro; and in 1893 was elected High Court Junior Wood- ward by a large vote. In August, 1895, he was promoted to the High Sub- Chief Ranger's chair. He is also an honorary member of No. i Conclave, Knights of Sherwood Forest, and an active member of the I.O.O.F. In 1896 he was elected a trustee member of the Board of Education for Cobourg by a large majority. In 1888 Major Snelgrove was married to Miss F. Maud Ferris, third daughter of the late Matthew Ferris, Esq., of Brighton, Ont. His family consists of two sons and two daughters.

MKN OP CANADA.

V\/ILL?AM MITCHELL, pro- * ^ prietor of the Cobourg Mat and Matting Works, was born Jan. 8th, 1829, at Alva, near Stirling, Scotland. His father was the late Robert Mitchell, woollen manufacturer of that place, and his mother's maiden name was Agnes Drysdale, daughter of Robert Drysdale, of Alva, who was the first to introduce woollen manufactur- ing into the foothills of Scotland. Mr. Mitchell was educated at Dollar Acad- emy, where he completed a thorough business education. At the age of fourteen he entered upon an apprentice- ship to the drapery business in Alloa, where he remained for five years. In 1848 he went to Glasgow, entering a large drapery establishment as salesman for three years. In 1851 he came to Canada, locating in Toronto, where he was employed for two years in a large retail dry- goods house, and afterwards two years in a wholesale house. In 1855 he com- menced business on his own account in Toronto, opening a general dry goods busi- ness, which he successfully conducted for a number of years. In 1882 he became connected with the Cobourg Mat and Matting Works, in 1884 purchased the entire property, and for a time managed its affairs from his office in Toronto. The manu- factory at Cobourg, how- ever, grew so rapidly under his supervision that he found it necessary to devote his undivided attention to it. His business is the only one of the kind in Canada, and one of the chief features of

the town. Out of this factory are turned cocoa mattings, mats, jute mat- tings, carpets, and wool rugs. In reli- gion Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which he has been elder for over 3 5 years. While in Toronto he was one of the chief pillars of St. Andrew's Church, being Sunday School superintendent, secretary Board of Management, Session Clerk, and leader of the choir, and although resid- ing in Cobourg he still retains his con- nection with that church. In politics Mr. Mitchell is a Conservative, and a staunch supporter of the National Policy.

236

CANADA.

T\/ILLIAM SYKES, Postmaster, V V Cobourg, Ont., was born Sept. 22nd, 1811, in London, Eng- land. His father was Robert S. Sykes, a leading foreign merchant of Man- chester, England, while his mother's maiden name was Sarah Gilloe. On both sides of the house Mr. Sykes is descended from old and distinguished English families. He was educated at Lymm, Cheshire, and at Col. Stirrup's private school, Matfield Green, Brench- ley, Kent County, Eng. In 1823 he went into a merchant's office, and after the great bank failures of 1824-25 he left London with his father and located

in Manchester ; afterwards commenced business on his own account, which he continued until 1837. In that year he came to Canada and started cabinet- making. Three years later he entered into contract to supply the steamboats on Lake Ontario with fuel. In 1846 he purchased a wild 2oo-acre lot in Hamil- ton Township, Northumberland County, and began the pursuit of agriculture. He became a well-known man in this regard, and continued his farming opera- tions until 1873, when he was appointed postmaster of Cobourg by Sir Alexan- der Campbell. He has since discharged the duties of this important office with recognized ability and great satisfaction to the public, the post-office of Cobourg being known as one of the best conducted in all its branches of any similar office in the Dominion. He can look back upon his long life with the consciousness that suc- cess has come to him as the reward of that honorable exertion and integrity which have always characterized his career. In politics Mr. Sykes has always been a staunch Conservative, figuring prominently in the political history of Can- ada for many years, and was one of the earliest advocates of the Canadian Pacific Rail- way. He was married in 1832, in England, to Miss Jane Hewitt, of Gorton, near Manchester, who was connected with a noted fam- ily of agriculturists. Mrs. Sykes died Dec. 24th, 1886. He has had a family of six children, two sons and four daughters, one of the for- mer now deceased.

MEN OP CANADA.

^ TENRY HERBERT SKILL, crM Lieut. -Colonel, late of H. M. ^® Devonshire Regiment, was born at Felsted, Essex, England, April 2nd, 1843. He is a son of James Skill, Esq., of the Bury Manor, of above vil- lage. He was educated at private schools ; joined the Army as Ensign June ist, 1860 ; retired from H. M. service in 1881, at Exeter, Devon, Eng- land, after a service in the Devonshire Regiment of upwards of twenty-one years. During half of this time he served as Adjutant, and for five years as Adjutant in auxiliary forces, and held for some time acting appointments on

the staff of the Army. He settled in Cobourgin 1883, since which time he has taken a great interest in the welfare of the town. Has been a member of the Collegiate Institute Board for nine years. In politics he is a Conservative, although taking no active part in politi- cal matters. In religion he is a mem- ber of the Church of England. Lieut. - Col. Skill was married at Fort Beaufort, Cape of Good Hope, June i7th, 1867, to Miss E. E. F. Bennett, second daughter of Assistant Commissary- General G. B. Bennett His family consists of six children, four sons and two daughters.

238

MEN OP CANADA.

JEAN BAPTISTE BEAU- CHAMP, retired gentleman, Sault au Recollet, Que., was born in Montreal, February i8th, 1833. His father was Joseph Beauchamp, while his mother's maiden name was Marie Arch Fournier de Belval, both being descendants of old and dis- tinguished French families. The former died at the age of eighty-six years, and the latter at the age of ninety-five years. Mr. Beauchamp was educated at the schools of Montreal, and also took a course at Shiring's Commercial School of that city. In 1854 his father sold his property in Montreal, and removed to

Sault au Recollet, our subject also locating there at that time, and has since resided in that place. He has suc- ceeded in accumulating a considerable fortune, is highly respected by all, and now enjoys a life of retirement. He has been offered high positions of honor and trust in his district, but prefers to live a retired life. In politics he is a Conservative, being a staunch supporter of that party, does good work for them at election contests, and holds the office of president of the Conservative Associa- tion in his community. In religion Mr. Beauchamp is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

MEN or CANADA.

239

FRANCOIS ER NEST PETIT, Notary Public, St. Jerome, Que., was born June 8th, 1861, at St. Damase, County of St Hyacinthe, Que. His father is a retired merchant now living at West Shefford, Que. Mr. Petit received his classical training at Marie- ville, Rouville County, and his course in science and philosophy at St. Hya- cinthe. In 1883 he was appointed Deputy Prothonotary of the Superior Court, Deputy Clerk of the Circuit Court, Deputy Clerk of the Crown, and Deputy Clerk of the Peace, at Sweets- burg, District of Bedford, which latter

position he held until 1888, when he removed to St. JeYome. He was ad- mitted to the notarial profession in May, 1886. He belongs to the A.O.U.W., of which he has been Master Workman since 1893 I a°d is also a member of the I.O.F. He was councillor of the town of St. Jerome for three years, previous to January, 1895, when he resigned. In politics he is a Liberal, and will be the candidate for the Com- mons at the elections of 1896. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. Mr. Petit was married Jan. 25th, 1892, to Miss Valerie Migue, daughter of Joseph Migue, Esq., contractor, of Joliette.

240

CANADA.

JOHN BAPTISTE JOSEPH BROSSARD, M.D., La- prairie, Que., was born in that place March 8th, 1850. His father, John Baptiste Brossard, was a native of Laprairie, as was also his grandfather. His mother was Lucie Bisaillon, and on both sides of the house Dr. Brossard is descended from old French families. He received his early education in La- prairie, and his classical course in St. Mary's College, Halifax. He entered McGill University in 1872, graduating in medicine with honors in 1875. He then located in Laprairie, where he has since remained, with the exception of

six months which he spent in the hos- pitals of New York. He has to-day the largest practice in the city, and is well known throughout the county as an exceptionally able and skilful physician. Dr. Brossard is a member of the C.O.F. and the Artizans' Society of Canada, being physician for each ; also local surgeon for the G. T. R. In religion he is a Roman Catholic; in politics a Liberal. In October, 1875, Dr. Brossard was married to Emma Goulet, daughter of Benjamin Goulet, of Laprairie, Que. His family consists of three sons and one daughter.

MSN OF CANADA.

241

RANCOIS PARENT, -J contractor, Heauport, Que., was born Dec. 28th, 1842, at that place. His parents were Francois and Rosalie Parent. ll« was one of a family of thir- teen, and his parents were in but ordinary circum- stances, but aware of the importance of education strove to give their family this advantage. Mr. Parent was educated at the Normal School, Quebec, where he completed his studies in 1863. After leaving college he taught school at Sillery and Heauport, Que., for eight years. Too active for sedentary work, however, he was desirous of becom- ing a contractor from an early age, and was constant- ly studying that subject. In 1871 he entered the employ of J. P. Renaud, as private secretary, where he remain- ed for six years. He then started contracting on his own account, having in that space of time learned the profession. His first work was the building of a Government wall in Que- bec, but afterwards became city con- tractor, and completed many important works. Among his principal buildings are Garneau & Son's block, Langelier block, Grande A116e, and the Cotton Factory at Montmorency Falls. Hav- ing displayed so many administrative qualities, Mr. Parent was elected Mayor of Beauport in 1889, and has since always taken an active part in muni- cipal matters, and in all enterprises tending to promote the welfare of the community. He has also for years been the bulwark of the Conservative party

in th<.t County of Quebec, having done much to advance the Conservative in- terests in various ways. Mr. Parent is a celebrated antiquarian, and has in his library a collection of old and rare French books, besides relics from battlefields of Europe and America. He is a lover of fine arts, and has many valuable productions of celebrated men. In summer he lives in the house origi- nally occupied by Montcalm. Mr. Parent was married in 1876 to Miss Marie Laurie Eugenie Rousseau, who is de- scended from an old and illustrious French family. In religion he is a Roman Catholic.

MEN OF* CANADA.

7CUGUSTE CHARLES PHIL- ^-\ IPPE ROBERT LANDRY, Vs> Lieutenant-Colonel, A.D.C. to the Governor- General, was born Jan. 1 5th, 1846, in Quebec. His parents were the late Dr. J. E. Landry and Caroline E. Lelievre, the former being one of the professors of Laval Univer- sity, and in his day the most prominent surgeon of the province. Our subject was educated at Quebec Seminary, where he obtained the degree of B.A., and also at Ste. Anne's Agricultural College. His occupation is that of a gentleman farmer, and he is widely known. In politics he is a Conserva-

tive. He was an unsuccess- ful candidate in 1873 for the Quebec Legislature, but was first returned to the same for the County of Montmagny in 1875. He ran for the Commons in 1878, and was successful ; was re-elected in 1882, but defeated in 1886. He was called to the Senate in Janu- ary, 1893. He is one of the champions of the minority rights on the Manitoba school question. Colonel Landry is also Knight Com- mander of the Order of St. Gregory the Great, and of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre ; member of the Bibliographical Society of Paris, vice-president of the Council of Agriculture of the Province of Quebec (to which he was called after having obtained the first prize and gold medal for the best treatise on Agriculture); president of the Quebec Exposition Company, and of the Montmagny Agricul- tural Society ; vice-presi- dent of the Union Agricole Nationale of the Province of Quebec ; member of the Entomological Society of Canada; and Lieutenant- Colonel commanding the 6ist Battalion. He is also widely known as an author of scientific, literary, and political pamphlets, and was for a time editor of J^e Nonvelliste and Le Matin. He is also Commodore of the Quebec Yacht Club, and his well-known yawl, "Banadette, " has entered eleven races, winning ten first prizes and one second. In religion Colonel Landry is a Roman Catholic. He was married Oct. 6th, 1868, to a daughter of the late Capt. E. Coutuere, of St. Gervais.

MEN OF CANADA.

243

/^HARLKS F. VINET, retired t gentleman, Saultau Recollet,

^- ^< > Quebec, was born in the city of Montreal in 1860. His father was one of the large property owners of that city, and on both sides of the family Mr. Vinet is descended from'an eminent French ancestry. He was educated at the Sulpician College, Montreal, where he received a first-class education. After completing the same he located in Sault au Recollet, where he has since resided. Being a man of large means, Mr. Vinet has a beautiful residence here, and fully enjoys life. He is also most liberal in using his ample means

to promote the welfare and pleasure of those less favored. He was married to the daughter of Dr. J. N. Chopin, who is a native of France, having been born there in 1833. The doctor came to Canada when fourteen years of age, and settled in Montreal. Here he was educated at the Sulpician College, and Victoria College (now Laval University). He settled in Sault au Recollet in 1862, where he has since practised, and is known as a very skilful physician. Mr. Yinet's family- consists of four children. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

244

MKN

CANADA..

JB. MARCOTTE, proprietor of " Hotel Marcotte," Sault au • Recollet, Que., was born Sept. 25th, 1855, in St. Lawrence Parish, Que. His father's name was Joachim Marcotte, while his mother's maiden name was Emelie Mennier. On both paternal and maternal sides our subject is descended from French families of celebrity. Mr. Marcotte was educated at St. Lawrence College, where he received a first-class training. His father was proprietor of the above- named hotel at Sault au Recollet for many years, and when Mr. Marcotte left college he took up his residence there,

helping his father a good deal in the management of the house. In 1888, on the death of his father, Mr. Marcotte succeeded to the business, which he has since conducted most satisfactorily, giving the needs of the travelling pub- lic who, on Account of business demands or otherwise, take up their quarters at the " Hotel Marcotte " his chief atten- tion. This is one of the leading hotels in that part of the country, and has been in operation for about fifty years. In religion Mr. Marcotte is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; in politics he gives his support to the Reform party.

MEN OF CANADA.

FRANCOIS ALFRED BERGERON, Parish Priest, St. Raymond, Que., was born at St. Antoine de Tilly, County of Lotbiniere, Que. His father was David Bergeron, while his mother's maiden name was Julie Martineau. Father Bergeron was educated at Quebec Seminary, where he remained nine years in the pursuit of his Arts course, and afterwards studied theology for three years in the same institution. He was ordained to the priesthood June 6th, 1868, and afterwards taught in his alma mater for about three years. In 1871 he was appointed Vicar of St.

Romuald, Que., where he served seven years, when he was sent to St. Joseph de LeVis as vicar. After being there for one year he was made parish priest of St. Anton in, Temiscouata County, where he remained two years. In 1 88 1 he was appointed to his present charge at St. Raymond, Portneuf County, where he has since labored zealously. Since his induction here the parish has made rapid strides in pro- gress, and there is now in course of con- struction a large convent, to be under the care of the Sisters of Charity. The church has also been improved, and the congregation has largely increased.

246

MEN OF* CANADA.

TEON VERVAIS, Postmaster and Jl hotel-keeper, Bougie, Que.,was

^® born in the city of Montreal, February 23rd, 1840. His father was Francois Xavier Vervais, a boot and shoe manufacturer in Montreal, while his mother was Catherine Quevelon, a native of Lachine. Mr. Vervais was educated at the schools of Montreal. After completing his studies he learned the trade of builder and joiner. In 1862 he commenced business on Craig street, Montreal, as manufacturer of artists' materials, picture frames, etc., where he continued until 1876. He then went into business as hotel-keeper in that

city, and until August 22nd, 1885, was the proprietor of one of the large hotels there. He then took charge of the hotel of which he is now the popular host. This hotel is situated about six miles from the city of Montreal, and is not only well patronized by the business travelling public, but is a popular sum- mer resort for the citizens of Montreal and other cities of Quebec. In politics Mr. Vervais is a Liberal; in religion a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He received the appoint- ment of postmaster of the Bougie P.O. in 1891, and has since given every satis- faction in the discharge of his duties.

Mi2.\ OK CANADA.

V. JOHN BAPTISTE PROULX, Parish Priest of

St. Lin, Que., was born at

Ste. Anne, Jacques Cartier, Jan. yth, 1846. His parents were Jean Baptiste Proulx and A. Lauzon. Father Proulx received his classical and theological education at Ste. Therese Seminary, completing his course in 1869. He was then a professor in this institution for one year, after which he went to Mani- toba, where he ministered for nearly five years. In 1875 he returned to Quebec, and for two years was chaplain of St. Lawrence Convent, near Mont- real, and afterwards seven years at Ste.

Therese. He was then for two years chaplain of the Woman's Prison in Montreal, and two years parish priest of Isle Bizard, coming to his present charge at St. Lin in 1888. In 1889 he was appointed Vice- Rector of Laval University, Montreal. He has built a church at St. Lin, and also the Boys' College there. He is also a brilliant writer, and altogether has issued fifteen volumes on various subjects. He was one of the theologians of the first Pro- vincial Council of Montreal, has been Honorary Canon of the Cathedral, Montreal, since 1891, and Professor of History in Laval since 1889.

248

MEN OF CANADA.

L. J. LAFORTUNE, Parish Priest of St. Jerome,

was born at L'Assomption,

Que., Aug. 25th, 1849. His parents were John Baptiste Lafortune and Mar- garet Pelletier. Father Lafortune re- ceived his education at L'Assomption College, where he studied classics for eight years and theology for four years. After his ordination he was assistant priest at St. Cyprian, Napierville, for two years, then at St. Henri for one year, Mile End two years, one year at St. Johns, and at St. Jean Baptiste from 1880 to 1884. In 1884 he went to Europe and Asia, travelling also through

the Holy Land. On his return he was chaplain in the Convent of the Sisters of St. Ann, Lachine, for three years ; then parish priest at St. Charles de Lachenaie for three years. In 1891 he was appointed to St. Jerome, as suc- cessor to Mgr. Labelle, where he has since remained. In 1893 he visited England, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, France, Egypt, and the Holy Land. In 1895 he built the presbytery at St. Jerome. He has 6,000 adherents and 3,200 communicants at his church, and is noted for his energy and ability. While at St. Charles de Lachenaie he built the church and presbytery.

PKTICRHORO

BY

A. N. CLARK.

T E R B O R O , a town of 13,000 inhabitants, is situate on the Otonabee, a beautiful river that drains an important chain of small lakes lying to the north nine miles, at their nearest point, and extending westward to within a short distance of Lake Simcoe. One of this chain is the celebrated Stony Lake, famous as a camping ground on account of its beautiful scenery and the numerous islands with which it is inter- spersed, and promising in a few years to successfully rival the Thousand Islands as a summer resort. Peterboro is eminently a manufacturing town, and as such possesses advantages unequalled by any town in Canada. It has no less than seven outlets, through branches of the two great railway systems, running in every direction, besides a water highway through the Otonabee, Rice Lake, and the River Trent, navigable to vessels of considerable size for a distance of fifty miles. There is also a visible prospect of being able to reach Lake Ontario through the Trent Valley canal, so long promised, so long delayed, but which is now in full course of construction, and promising soon to be- come an established fact. This canal, pass- ing through Peterboro, will give direct water communication with the back lakes, and thus prove a great benefit both to the town and the settlers in the back townships, by giving them a market for their produce. The early settlement of this section of Canada began about the year 1818, when a party of English immigrants located in the Township of Smith. The following year a party of gentlemen, already settled on the frontier, rowed up the Otonabee in a skiff in search of a mill site that would afford them

«49

a water power. They landed at a point which is now almost the exact centre of the town, and within two years a combination saw and grist mill, furnished with one saw and one run of stones, was erected by Mr. Adam Scott, who thus became the first set- tler on the present site of the town of Peter- boro. The mill was very unpretending, very inadequate to the requirements of the settlers, nevertheless was an inestimable boon, and, in honor of its promoter, the dis- trict was known, until 1827, as " Scott's Plains." In 1825 an important body of up- wards of 2,000 immigrants was brought into this section from the north of Ireland by the Hon. Peter Robinson, acting under the British Government. They landed at " Scott's Plains," where they encamped until such time as they could be located upon the allotments which had been made to them in the neighboring townships.

In the survey of the Township of North Monaghan, which was made in 1818, a site for the future town had been reserved, and in 1825 this site was re-surveyed and laid out in lots, which might be obtained from Mr. Robinson, the Government agent, who had already established his quarters, known as " Government House," upon the reserve. In 1827 the appellation of " Scott's Plains " was changed to " Peterborough," in compli- ment to the Hon. Peter Robinson, who had done so much towards settling the district. There appears to have been an instinctive feeling in the minds of several of these early settlers that the site was destined to become an important commercial centre — an impres- sion due, no doubt, to the valuable water power which the river furnished at this point. Shops and small industries were

250

CANADA.

gradually introduced into the community, and in a few years the routine of growth in- cidental to all settlements in new countries transformed what may be described as liter- ally a " howling wilderness " into a peace- ful, prosperous, well-settled country. In 1849 the Act of Incorporation was passed which created Peterboro a town, which in 1850 was presided over by its first mayor, Mr. Thos. Benson, and from this time for- ward continued rapid and permanent pro- gress has marked its career, and Peter- boro now proudly claims to be the foremost town in Canada. The first school was established in 1827. The first lawsuit was entered in 1828. The first steamer plowed the Otonabee in 1832. The first county election to the Legislative Assembly took place in 1834. The first newspaper was published in 1837. The corner stone of the court house and jail was laid August 25th, 1838, and the buildings completed in 1841. The Mechanics' Institute was founded in 1843. The first sidewalk was laid in 1847. The first public sewer was constructed in 1851. Little Lake cemetery was estab- lished in 1853. Peterboro's first com- munication with the outer world by railway was established in 1854, a lme being built from Cobourg, crossing Rice Lake on a wooden trestlework, which, not being pro- perly protected, was so disturbed by the freezing of the lake that in a few years it be- came dangerous, and the line was perma- nently abandoned in 1860. The next rail route was by branch line from the PortHope & Lindsay Railway, built in 1858, which for many years has been, and doubtless will continue, a well-established route. In Sep- tember, 1860, Peterboro was honored by a visit from the Prince of Wales.

Notwithstanding the advantages enjoyed by Peterboro in- being the commercial centre of a large, well-cultivated, and pros- perous agricultural district, extending in every direction, the leading factor in its progress and importance is, and prob-

ably will continue to be, its industrial elements, the principal features of which are : The Canadian General Electric Co., the Auburn Woollen Co., the Wm. Hamilton Manufacturing Co., the Peter Hamilton Manufacturing Co., the Central Bridge and Engineering Co., and the Peter- boro Lock Manufacturing Co., in all of which large capitals are invested, and in products will compare favorably with those of similar establishments in any part of the continent. Besides these are three large flour and grist mills, four large sawmills, three woollen mills, three canoe factories, three planing mills, four furniture manufac- turing companies, four foundries, one whole- sale harness manufacturing company, three pork packing companies, and numerous other smaller industries. Necessarily the number of persons of both sexes who find employment here is large. Amongst the in- stitutions of general public utility the follow- ing may be especially mentioned : The Post Office, the distributing centre of a large sec- tion, and the Customs and Inland Revenue offices, handsome structures built by the Government, the former in 1888 and the latter in 1893 ; agencies of four of the prin- cipal chartered banks of Canada, the Elec- tric Light and Power Company, the Electric Railway, the Waterworks Company, the Nicholls Hospital (well endowed, compe- tently managed, and ranking high as a train- ing hospital for nurses), St. Joseph's Hos- pital (R.C.), the fire brigade, police force, benevolent societies, building and loan asso- ciations, Board of Trade, Mechanics' Insti- tute, with splendid library, Young Men's Christian Association, good hotels, and— all the insurance agencies under the sun. The educational advantages offered in its Collegiate Institute, six Public schools, two Separate schools, Convent, and Business College, render Peterboro a highly favored town in this respect. All the principal religious denominations are well estab- lished, and possess handsome edifices.

MKN OP CANADA.

Human Catholics funning a large proportion of the population, Peterboro has been for many years the seat of the Roman Catholic Bishopric. Their cathedral is an imposing structure, and occupies a promi- nent site in the most beautiful part of the town.

As a market town Peterboro has few equals in Canada, considerable produce being regularly shipped to Montreal and Toronto, and poultry buyers for foreign shipment make heavy purchases every year. The Cheese Hoard is the largest in Canada, with but one exception, and represents uver sixty facturies. The business portion of the town is wonderfully compact, the greater number uf the best shops being upon the front street, and confined to only three blocks. The handsome display windows of these establishments have gained for Peterboro the glittering soubriquet, " The Plate Glass City." The residential locali-

ties are extremely beautiful, the undulating topography of the district rendering them naturally picturesque. Many residences are so located as to enable the occupants to overlook the town on one side, and in the opposite direction view a stretch of beauti- ful, well-cultivated country, extending, in some instances, many miles. Fortune has been generous to the good people of Peter- boro, and just as well as generous. She has not made one man a millionaire and another a pauper, but seems to have dis- tributed her favors with an impartial hand. In consequence, palatial residences, occu- pied by a " shoddy " aristocracy, who regard ostentation as a badge of respectability, and wealth a patent of nobility, are conspicuous by their absence. Instead, the more desir- able evidences of a general prosperity are manifest in the miles of streets of comfort- able, tastefully-designed residences,with well- cultivated gardens and neatly-clipped lawns.

CAPTAIN E. F. MASON, of the firm of V^^as E. F. Mason & Co., merchants, Peterboro, was born in that town Feb- ruary 27th, 1866. He is a son of the late W. J. Mason and Victoria Morrow. Mr. Mason was educated at the Peterboro High School. Having a desire for military life, he took a long course at the Royal School of Infantry, Toronto, then at the Royal Military School, London, taking his final first-class certificate at the Royal School of Infantry in 1892. He worked his way up, step by step, from a private to adjutant, which commission he now holds in the 57th Battalion. He has had a varied experience in commercial life, finally enter- ing his present business with his father. Since the death of the latter in 1893 the business has been conducted under the style of E. F. Mason & Co. In religion Mr. Mason is a Methodist. He is a member of the Board of Trade, the I.O.O.F. and C.O.F.

(AI'TAIN K. F. MASON.

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OK CANADA.

®<J7)OBERT PENNIEL BOUCHER, J\^ M.D., Peterboro, Ont., was born in Colborne, August gth, 1848. He is a son of Judge Boucher and Mary Ruttan, and of English descent. Dr. Boucher was educated at the Grammar School and Victoria College, Cobourg, graduating M.D. from the latter in 1869. In 1870 he also graduated from Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City. He commenced the practice of his profes- sion in 1873, in Peterboro, in partner- ship with his father-in-law, Dr. George Burnham. In 1880 the partnership was dissolved, and Dr. Boucher continued the practice with much success. He is a mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics a staunch supporter of the Conservative party. He was married in 1871 to Helen Seymour, eldest daughter of the late Dr. George Burnham, of Peterboro. His family consisted of six children, rive of whom survive, three sons and two daughters. The eldest son, George Burnham Boucher, is in the service of the Hudson Bay Company, on the northern coast of Labrador.

RICHARD NIMMO, L.D.S.

ROBERT PENNIEL BOUCHER, M.D.

NIMMO, L.D.S. , Peter- boro, Oat., was born in the Township of South Monaghan, Ont., June i3th, 1847. He is the son of Thomas Nimmo and Ann Smithson, who originally came from Yorkshire, England, and were amongst the early settlers in the township just named. Mr. Nimmo received his education at the Public schools of Monaghan, after which he took up the study of dentistry in Port Hope and Cobourg. After being admittted to practice he located in Peterboro and commenced his profes- sion, where he has since remained. Owing to his natural adaptation for this line of work, and by strict attention to it, he can now claim to be at the top of his profession, and is well known throughout Peterboro County and the country surrounding. His influence in the community is always on the side of morality and progress. Mr. Nimmo is a member of the I.O.O.F., in which order he obtained all the degrees. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. He was married at Syracuse, N.Y., December 3ist, 1871, to Annie Russell, of Port Hope.

MEN

CANADA.

* 53

= -p<>i;i:KT WILLIAM BLLL. M.D.,

*\^, C.M., Peterboro, was born Mtiy gth, 1851, at Carleton Place. His parents were Robert and Emeline S. (Jones) Bell, the former M.P. for North Lanark for a number of years, and after- wards Inspector of Canal Revenues. Dr. Hell was educated at Carleton Place and McGill College, Montreal, where he gradu- ated M.D., C.M., in 1873. He practised in Carleton Place until 1876 ; he has been on the staff of the Nicholls Hospital since 1885, and is coroner for Peterboro County. He is also Past Grand Master of the I.O.O.F., and President of St. Andrew's Society, etc. In politics a Liberal ; in religion a Presby- terian, being chairman of the Board of Man- agers of St. Andrew's Church, Peterboro, etc., etc. He is identified with military affairs, being lieutenant-colonel commanding the 57th Battalion, Peterboro Rangers ; is also President of Peterboro County Rifle Association. Dr. Bell was married November I5th, 1877, to Ellen, youngest daughter of John Sumner, Esq., Dominion Immigration Agent.

VERY RKV. DOMINIC J. f.\>KN.

ERY

U«i|:l-KT WILLIAM ItKI.L, M.I)., C.M.

VERY REV. DOMINIC j. CASEY,

Archdeacon of the Diocese of Peter- boro, Rector of St. Peter's Cathedral, Peter- boro, was born March 5th, 1849,31 Smith's Falls, Ont. His parents were Richard Casey and Bridget Campbell. Our subject received his education at the schools of Smith's Falls and Regiopolis College, Kingston, and his theological training at the Grand Seminary of St. Sulpice, Montreal. He was ordained to the priesthood, at Smith's Falls, May 28th, 1872, by the late Rt. Rev. Dr. Horan, Bishop of Kingston. He was then curate at Peter- boro, but afterwards chaplain of the pene- tentiary, Kingston. In 1875 he went to Gananoque, but, in 1879,' was transferred to Campbellford. Here he remained fifteen years, and was successful in building up his parish both spiritually and numerically. He was appointed Archdeacon of Peterboro and Rector of St. Peter's Cathedral in Jan- uary, 1894, and has already endeared him- self to his people by his ardent zeal, his ever ready self-sacrifice, and his dignified nobility of character, which fits him so well for the high position he now occupies.

254

MEN

CANADA.

WILLIAM ARMSTRONG STUATTON, H.A., LI..H.

ARMSTRONG STRAT- TON, B.A., LL.B., of the legal firm of Stratton & Hall, Peterboro, Ont., was born in 1862 in the County of Durham, Ont. He is the son of the late James Stratton, Col- lector of Customs, Peterboro. Mr. Stratton graduated from the University of Toronto, in Arts in 1883, and in Law two years later. He at once began practice in Peterboro, and, in 1888, entered into partnership with Mr. R. R. Hall. This firm's advance in their profession has been most marked. In ad- dition to their private practice this firm is also the solicitors for the County of Peter- boro, and, in this capacity, gives the highest satisfaction. In politics Mr. Stratton is a supporter of the Liberal platform. He is also a member of the Masonic Order, the I.O.F., and C.O.F., and a most popular man with all who know him. As a criminal lawyer he is very widely known in the counties of Peterboro, Victoria, Durham, and Northumberland. In consideration of his scholarly attainments and legal ability, Mr. Stratton must occupy a front rank among Canadian barristers.

<S^T)OBERT RICHARD HALL, junior "^V«> member of the firm of Stratton & Hall, Peterboro, Ont., was born in the Township of Fenelon, County Victoria, Ont., December loth, 1865. He is the son of William Hall and Alice Davidson. His father was an enterprising farmer of Cana- dian birth, and his mother was of Irish parentage. Mr. Hall was educated at the public schools, and at the Collegiate Institute, Peterboro. He afterwards followed the law course of Toronto University, of which he is an undergraduate. Mr. Hall joined the Law- Society in 1883, studied law in the office of John A. Barren, Q.C., Lindsay, until May, 1888, when he was called to the Bar. In the same year he entered into partnership with Mr. W. A. Stratton, under the firm name of Stratton & Hall, which now carries on an important legal practice in Peterboro. Mr. Hall is a member of the Masonic Order, the C.O.F., I.O.O.F., and S.O.C. societies. In politics a Liberal, and in religion a Presby- terian. He was married July 3rd, 1894, to Clara Elizabeth Ludgate, daughter of the late John Ludgate, of Ashburnham.

ROBERT RICHARD HALL.

MEN or CANADA.

*55

^ ^r v

\\/ILLIAM CLUX- \\ TON, Peterboro, Ont., was born in Dundalk, County Louth, Ireland, March 3ist, 1819. When six years of age his father died, and five years later his mother was also re- moved by death. He then went to reside with an uncle in Cootehill, with whom he emigrated to America in 1832. Arrived in Canada, the family located on a farm near the then small village ef Peterboro. Here Mr. Cluxton discovered that nat- ure never intended him to spend his life on a farm, and in 1834 he obtained a humble situation in the vil- lage. This was the only situation he ever solicited ; after that the asking was al- ways on the other side. In

1835 he took charge of the branch store of John R. Ben- son, on Aylmer street. In

1836 he took sole charge of the late John Crawford's Pet- erboro branch store. Here his management became so successful that he found himself, in 1839, the sole buyer for all Mr. Craw- ford's establishments. In 1842 Mr. Cluxton launched out in business on his own account. For over forty years he moved the principal part of the grain along the Midland Railway, and from Peterboro, Lindsay, and Port Hope. In 1852 he became manager of the Peterboro branch of the Commercial Bank of Canada, which position he held for eight years, when he resigned, and was appointed confidential adviser to the new manager. Few men in Canada have ever held so many offices of public trust as Mr. Cluxton. He was for

years president of the Midland Railway Company, president of the Marmora Mining Company, the Little Lake Ceme- tery Company, the Port Hope and Peterboro Gravel Road Company, the Peterboro Water Company, the Central Bridge and Engineering Company, the Peterboro Milling Company, the Peter- boro Carbon and Porcelain Company, and a director in the Central Canada Loan and Savings Company. He is a Magistrate of long standing, and in 1872 and 1873 represented West Peter- boro in the House of Commons, and proved a creditable representative of that important constituency.

256

MKN

CANADA.

HENRY CALCUTT.

CS1TENRY CALCUTT, Peterboro, Ont., ^\s> was born May i6th, 1836. His parents were James Calcutt and Jane Shannon. Mr. Calcutt was educated at the public schools of Cobourg, and Upper Canada College. When fourteen he left school to learn the drug business, which he followed for four years. He was then for two years in the employ of his father, a brewer and distiller. In 1855 he came to Peterboro, and started business, where he has since remained. Mr. Calcutt is also largely in- terested in steamboating, having a line which plies between Peterboro and Rice Lake ; they also call at two beautiful sum- mer resorts which he owns on the Otonabee River and Rice Lake. He has taken an active part in the municipal affairs of Ashburnham, having been councillor for thirty years, and Reeve for seven years. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion an Episcopalian. He is also a member of the Masonic frater- nity. Mr. Calcutt was married in Nov., 1857, to Isabella Green, of Peterboro. His family consists of five daughters and one son, the latter captain on his father's line of steamers.

IEV. DUNCAN McKINNON, Pastor of St. Andrew's Church, Lockport, N.S., was born in August, 1831, at East Lake, Ainslie, Cape Breton. His parents were Alexander and Mary (Mackay) Mc- Kinnon, who came to Cape Breton from Argyleshire, Scotland, in 1828. Mr. Mc- Kinnon was educated at Halifax Free Church College, and ordained June 4th, 1862, by the Presbytery of Truro, in St. James' Church, Parrsboro. He was the successful pastor of this church for fourteen years, after which he served the church exceptably at Musquodoboit about seven years. In 1883 he came to his present charge at Lockport, and is doing success- ful work. Although advanced in years he moves about among his people with the activity of a more youthful man, and is found in labors abundant in whatsoever direc- tion a helping hand is needed. He lives in the esteem of his flock, which he always serves with a view to the highest develop- ment of every member. Mr. McKinnon was married September 3rd, 1862, to Miss Har- riet L. Hosterman, of Halifax.

REV. DUNCAN M'KINNON.

MEN or CANADA.

257

J^RASTE D'ODET ^\ D'ORSONNENS, ^»^ Hull, Que., was born April iith, 1836, at St. Roch L'Achigan, Que. His parents were Colonel D'Odet D'Orsonnens and Louise Rocher. His father served in the British Army for thirty-six years. He also commanded the troops in the Northwest, after the murder of Governor Semple in 1816, having been sent there by the Imperial Gov- ernment, Lord Selkirk being at the time Plenipotentiary Magistrate. Colonel D'Or- sonnens with his men cap- tured Fort William, which ended the trouble. Our subject was educated at L'Assomption, Que., and at the Jesuits' College, Mont- real. He left college to take up the study of law, at which he remained four years, being admitted a notary in Montreal at the age of twenty-two. He then commenced to practise his profession, which he followed for about twenty- eight years in Montreal, Warwick, and Hull, Que., and in the latter place seventeen years of this time. He then deposited his notarial papers in the Archives; and, being already in trade, gave up his practice and devoted his entire atten- tion to his already extensive and growing business. Mr. D'Orsonnens has always been an ardent student, and many and creditable are the criticisms he has received from the press for his literary productions. He was in his early days associated with the militia, and was, at the time of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales' visit to Canada, captain of

Company 6, ist Battalion Chasseurs Canadiens, which was organized under the immediate expectation of war with the Americans. He has held all the municipal positions in Hull, and is with- out doubt the most active man in muni- cipal affairs in that city. He is a Commissioner of the Superior Court, has been several times chairman of the School Board of Hull, and has also been elected by his peers of the District of Ottawa a member of the Provincial Board of Notaries. Mr. D'Orsonnens married, September 2oth, 1875, Marie Louise, daughter of J. B. Fiset, Esq., of Quebec. His family consists of one son.

258

MEN

CANADA.

. WILFRID PREVOST, St. Jerome, Que., was born at Ste. Anne des Plaines, County of Terrebonne, Que., May ist, 1832. His parents were Guillaume Prevost and Marie Josephte Quevillon. His ancestors came from Rouen, France, in 1673, to Quebec. The Prevost family has always been firmly Liberal, and occupies an important place in the history of the political struggles of Quebec. In the election of 1854 Mr. Prevost, then but twenty-two years of age, so successfully managed the par- liamentary contest of his elder brother, G. M. Prevost, against the Hon. A. N.

Morin, that the latter was defeated by 160 votes. He was made a member of the Legislative Council in 1888, and has since been a leading man of his party in Quebec Province. He received his classical education at the Colleges of Montreal, L'As- somption, and St.Hyacinthe. He was a brilliant scholar, and while at L'Assomption College had signal success in rhetoric. After complet- ing his college course he studied law, and successfully passed his examinations, admitting him to practice in 1853. He then established himself at Terrebonne, where for six years he had a suc- cessful practice, and in 1859 removed to Ste. Scholas- tique, where he also suc- ceeded in working up a large clientage. In 1875 Mr. Prevost removed to the city of Montreal, where he en- tered into partnership suc- cessively with Messrs. Prefontaine, Turgeon, and Bastien, and became well known as an eminent legal practitioner. Mr. Prevost was married in 1853 to his cousin, Reine Angelique Marie, by whom he had several children, of whom three survive ; these are Dr. Wilfrid Prevost, Jean Prevost, and Miss Marie Prevost. After his wife's death, in 1890, he left Montreal, and took up his residence in St. Jerome. Here he built a magnificent residence, and hopes to terminate his long and honorable career, esteemed and re- spected, in the midst of his family and friends. Mr. Prevost was married a second time to Miss Honorine Globensky, his niece.

MEN OF* CANADA.

'59

JOHN FRANCIS BOULT, City Clerk, Hull, Que., was born in the Township of Alfred, Ont., January 29th, 1854. He is a son of'john A. and Marguerite (Beaudry) Boult. Mr. Boult was educated at Carillon Academy and Ottawa Business College. He then taught school in Ontario for 13 years, and in 1878 was sent on a prospecting tour through Texas and Louisiana for a Canadian settlement. From 1889 to 1891 he was post- master and general merchant at St. Onge, and from 1885 to 1890 clerk for the Township of Russell. He refused the reeveship for the same township in 1890, and was appointed to his present position in January, 1894. Mr. Boult is a member and treasurer of the C.O.F., in politics is a Conservative, and took a very active part in election campaigns in Russell County. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He was one of the found- ers of the Cercle Literaire and St. Peter Society of Hull, also of the St. Jean Baptiste Society and the St. Onge Club of Russell. He was married in January, 1882, to Leose, daughter of Onczime Nadeau, Esq. His fumilyconsists of four sons and one daughter.

JOHN FRANCIS HOULT.

J. OLIVItk I.AKtkKIKkt.

J OLIVIER LAFERRlfeRE, Hull, Que., was born Oct. 27th. 1835, in Joliette County, Que. He was educated at the Christian Brothers' School, Montreal. He was bookkeeper and Assistant Registrar of Chat- eauguay County from 1856-57. He was then engaged in lumber exportations in the West Indies until 1876, when he was appointed Sec.-Treas. of Hull, which office he held until January, 1894. He was a member of the Board of School Commissioners of Hull in 1875, Chairman of the same in 1877, but declined re-election. He was also Clerk of the Recorder's Court of Hull for fourteen years, appointed Sec.-Treas. of the School Commissioners in July, 1884, and Commis- sioner of the Superior Court for the District of Ottawa in 1880. He is the author of " The Shanty Companion," published in 1874, a book held in great favor. He held the position of Sec.-Treas. of the License Commissioners under the Federal Govern- ment in 1886, during the existence of that law. He was married November 2nd, 1865, to Clotilde, daughter of Jacques Morin, Esq., Ottawa.

260

MEN OFS CANADA.

^TENRY FRANCIS MAC- TH G R A D Y , Crown Lands and

^> Timber Agent, Hull, Quebec, was born in St. Lawrence County, N.Y., August 2nd, 1849. His parents were John MacGrady and Ann Hagan, natives of County Rouville, Quebec, who removed to the United States in 1845, but returned in 1863, locating at Pointe Gatineau. Mr. MacGrady was educated at the public schools of Ot- tawa, leaving the same at the age of sixteen years. He then engaged in the lumber business in the employ of the E. B. Eddy Co., Hull, with whom he continued for twenty years. In i

he entered the service of the Govern- ment, taking the position he now holds at Hull. In religion Mr. MacGrady is a Roman Catholic. He has been mar- ried twice ; first, Oct. i5th, 1872, to Gertrude Fauley, daughter of the late Robert Fauley, Crown Lands Agent, Hull. She died in 1882. He was married again, in 1890, to Celia Taillon, daughter of the late John Taillon, of Montreal. His family consists of one son and three daughters. His eldest daughter is now the wife of William Fournier, of the State Department, Ottawa. His son is in the employ of Gilmour & Hughson, lumbermen.

MEN OP CANADA.

261

XAVIER FILTEAU, photographer, Hull, Que., was born in Quebec, March 28th, 1851. He is the son of Louis J. Fil- teau and Marie Beaudet, both of French origin and natives of the Province of Quebec. Mr. I;ilteau's early educa- tional advantages were somewhat limited, but by improving what he did receive, and supplementing the same by private study, he has become a well informed, although self-made, man. In 1878 he went to British Columbia, and engaged in surface mining for eight years. He then went to Leadville, Col., where he was also engaged in

mining pursuits for two years. In 1888 he returned to Canada, settling in Hull. Prior to going to British Columbia he had learned the art of photography, and on his location in Hull opened a photograph and artists' gallery, which he has since conducted with satisfaction to his patrons and with profit to him- self. In religion Mr. Filteau is a mem- ber of the Roman Catholic Church ; he is also a member of the Knights of Maccabees. He was married May 3ist, 1885, to Marie Louise Aubry, daughter of Stanislas Aubry and d'Elmire Lafleur. His family consists of one son.

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CANADA.

T^DOUARD PETET,of Hull,Que., J_u deceased, was born in 1829 in ^^^ France. His father was the late August Petet. He emigrated to Canada in 1876, coming as far west as Toronto, where he remained about a year. He then opened a jewelry store in Ottawa, which he conducted for about two years, then removed to Hull, Que., where he continued until the time of his death, when the business was taken over by his son Albert. Mr. Petet was a member of the Masonic Society, and in religion a Roman Catholic. He was married in England to Miss Rose O'Riley. His family con-

sists of three children, two sons and one daughter. Albert Petet, who assumed his father's business, came to Canada with him in 1876. He received his education at the public schools of Ottawa, and at the age of fourteen left school to assist his father in business. In this position he remained until the death of the latter, June i/j-th, 1891, at which time he assumed the control of the business. Mr. Petet is a clever business man, and thor- oughly understands his trade in all its branches. He is unmarried, and in religion is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

BROCK VIUI.K

HY

HERBERT S. MCDONALD, Q.C

*T>

ROCKVILLE, the county town of the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, is beautifully situated on the north bank of the River St. Lawrence, not far from and east of the celebrated Thousand Islands. Indeed, it has come to be known as " The Island City." It is said that in the Patent Office at Washington, U.S., there is a map on which the site of Brockville is marked " Fontaine Bequencourt." The first settle- ment in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville appears to have' been a French post, a short distance below Prescott, called La Galette. There was not at that time any division of the country into districts or counties, but Lord Dorchester is said to have divided Upper Canada (now Ontario) into four districts in 1788. General Simcoe, Lieutenant-Governor of the province, after- wards made a new division, and one of the districts was named Johnstown, probably in honor of Sir William or Sir John John- son, and the Counties of Leeds and Gren- ville were included in that district.

The easternmost township of the County of Leeds is Elizabethtown, within which is the Town of Brockville. The earliest settlers in the township were United Empire Loyalists, and the first actual per- manent settler appears to have been Thomas Sherwood, who became a resident in or about 1784, his land being about two miles east of Brockville. As early as 1784 Buell's Bay, at Brockville, which was often used as an Indian camping ground, appears to have been a landing place for persons proceeding westward on the St. Lawrence, but the

quality of the soil was not such as to tempt those who intended to be farmers to stay. However, there was a mill site near by, and Daniel Jones, a U.E. Loyalist, built the first mill. William Buell appears to have been one of the earliest actual settlers, if not the earliest, and built the first dwelling house. It was constructed of logs. He is said to have got out the timber for Mr. Jones' mill, the consideration for his doing so being a half interest in it. The first frame dwelling was erected by Charles Jones (not related to Daniel), who also kept a store. Hence it may be said that William Buell, Daniel Jones, and Charles Jones were virtually the founders of Brockville.

William Buell was born at Hebron, Connecticut, in 1751, and when the Revo- lution broke out he remained loyal to the Crown, and made his way to Canada, where he received a commission as an officer in His Majesty's service. At the close of the war he was placed upon half- pay, and in the beginning of 1785, with his wife, settled upon the present site of Brock- ville, and received a grant of land in what is now the centre of the town. He was a public-spirited man, and gave sites for a court house and for several houses of wor- ship. He was twice married, and died in 1832, much and deservedly respected. In the year 1800 he was elected a member of the Upper Canada House of Assembly. His son, William, subsequently represented the County of Leeds (including Brockville), in the same Assembly, and his grandson, the late Lieut. -Col. J. D. Buell, was a member for the electoral district of Brockville in the

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CANADA.

House of Commons in the second and third Parliaments of the Dominion. Daniel Jones was one of several brothers, all of whom remained loyal to the British Crown at the time of the Revolutionary War, and most of whom were officers in the King's service. One of them, David Jones, was the be- trothed of Jane McCrea, whose tragic death at the hands of an Indian, near Fort Edward, when on her way to meet and marry her affianced husband, then an officer in General Burgoyne's army, was one of the saddest incidents in the Revolutionary struggle. Daniel Jones did not enter the military service, but suffered for his loyalty to the British cause in the loss of a large and valu- able property at Glen's Falls. He received a grant in what is now the western portion of Brockville, and, as already mentioned, built the first mill. Slavery then existed, and Mr. Jones had at one time a female colored slave. He died in 1820. His two sons, David and Daniel, jr., both of whom were barristers, occupied positions of trust and responsibility, the former having been for a time member for Leeds, and afterwards for Brockville, in the Upper Canada House of Assembly, a Judge of the Eastern District Court, and Registrar for the County of Leeds, while the latter was also for a time a District Judge and a County Registrar, and was knighted by His Majesty King William IV., at St. James' Palace, London, England.

Charles Jones was born in 1781, during the progress of the Revolutionary War. His father, Ephraim Jones, was a resident of the Mohawk Valley, and, being a loyalist, made his escape to Montreal, and in 1790 came to Upper Canada. He received a grant of land in Augusta, a few miles east of Brockville, and his son Charles settled in that place, and became the owner of a large portion of the eastern part of it. In 1807 he married Mary, daughter of the Rev. Dr. Stuart, first missionary of the Church of England in Upper Canada. Mr. Jones

represented the County of Leeds in the eighth and ninth Parliaments of Upper Canada, and was subsequently a Legislative Councillor. He died in 1840. One of his sons, Ormond Jones, was a barrister, and in his latter years Registrar for the County of Leeds.

Owing to circumstances, it seems to be but fair to consider the three men afore- named, viz., William Buell, Daniel Jones, and Charles Jones, to have been the founders of Brockville. In those days the place was but a part of the Township of Elizabeth- town, and when it was deemed desirable to give the village a name it is said that a dispute arose between Messrs. William Buell arid Charles Jones as to what it should be called, the former insisting upon Wil- liamstown, the latter on Charlestown, and the question was eventually referred to Sir Isaac Brock, who named the place Brock- ville. The Honorable Jonas Jones, a brother of Charles Jones, was a lawyer, and prac- tised his profession in Brockville. He repre- sented Leeds in the seventh Upper Canadian Parliament, and subsequently was elected for the County of Grenville. He did mili- tary duty in the war of 1812-14, and in or about 1837 was appointed a Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench for Upper Canada. He died at Toronto in 1848. But the names of others of the early settlers and residents deserve to be remembered. Among them were Truelove Butler, Bartholomew Carley, the Sherwoods, the Morrises, the Glasfords, the Richards, and others. The two first named settled in Elizabethtown much about the same time as William Buell became a resident, and possibly it would be but fair to class them with him and Messrs. Daniel and Charles Jones as founders of. Brockville. The east half of lot nine in the first conces- sion of Elizabethtown was granted to Mr. Butler, the west half to Mr. Carley.

Justus Sherwood, who was an officer on the King's side in the War of Independence, settled in Augusta, and was a member of

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265

one of the early Upper Canadian Parlia- ments. He, like Daniel Jones, was a slave owner, having a colored man named Caesar Congo, who was sold to a half-pay officer named Bottom, who gave him his freedom. Mr. Sherwood's son, Levius P., was Regis- trar for the County of Leeds, and for a time a member of the Upper Canada House of Assembly. Subsequently he was appointed a Judge of the Court of King's Bench, and in 1841 he was Speaker of the Legislative Council of Canada. Two of his sons attained to high position politically, the eldest, the Honorable Henry Sherwood, representing Brockville in the thirteenth Parliament of Upper Canada, and Toronto for a time in the Parliament of the Province of Canada, and having been fora time Solicitor-General and Attorney-General. The second son, the Honorable George Sherwood, repre- sented Brockville in the second, third, sixth, and seventh Parliaments of Canada, and was for a time Receiver-General, and after- wards Commissioner of Crown Lands. He retired from political life in 1863, and in 1865 was appointed Judge of the County Court at Belleville.

Adiel Sherwood, a son of Thomas Sherwood, the first actual settler in Eliza- bethtown, was born in 1779, near Fort Edward, New York, and was five years of age when his father settled on the banks of the St. Lawrence. In 1813 he was appointed Treasurer of the District of Johnstown, and in 1829 Sheriff of the same district. He died at Brockville in or about the year 1874. The Morris family came to Canada from Scotland in 1801, and subsequently some of Its members settled at Brockville. The Honorable William and the Honorable James Morris respectively became promi- nent in political life, the former having at different periods held office as President of the Executive Council, Receiver-General, and otherwise, while his brother James represented the County of Leeds in the Upper Canadian Assembly, and in the first

Parliament of Canada, and was subsequently called to the Legislative Council, of which body he was more than once appointed Speaker. He was for a time Postmaster- General, and died at Brockville in the " sixties." Paul Glasford was of U.E. Loyalist stock, and came to Canada when a little child. He was a magistrate, and died in 1858 at an advanced age.

Of the Richards family there were three brothers, sons of Stephen Richards, and grandsons of William Buell, the elder. Of these the most distinguished was Sir Wil- liam Buell Richards, who entered the Canadian Parliament as member for Leeds in 1848, and was subsequently re-elected. He became Attorney-General of Upper Canada in 1851, and succeeded the Honor- able R. B. Sullivan as a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas in 1853. He became Chief Justice of that Court, and subsequently Chief Justice of Ontario. Upon the formation of the Supreme Court of Canada, he was offered and accepted the Chief Justiceship, and was knighted in 1877. The second brother, the Honorable Stephen Richards, settled in Toronto. He was a member of the first Government of Ontario, and of the first and second Legislatures of that province. The Honorable Albert Norton Richards practised the profession of the law in Brockville for many years. He was elected to the Canadian Parliament for South Leeds in 1863, and to the Dominion House of Commons for the same electoral district in 1872. He subsequently removed to British Columbia, and was Lieutenant- Governor of that province for some years.

More recently two Brockville men have attained distinction politically. The Honor- able Christopher Finlay Fraser was born at Brockville in 1838. He became a barrister, and was an able and successful lawyer. In 1867 he unsuccessfully contested Brockville in the Liberal interest at the first election for the Ontario Assembly. He was subse- quently elected for South Grenville, and in

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OF* CANADA.

1879 became member for Brockville. He was for many years a member of the Execu- tive Council of Ontario, holding for a time the office of Provincial Secretary and Regis- trar, and for many years that of Com- missioner of Public Works. The new Parliament buildings at Toronto were planned and constructed under Mr. Eraser's direction, and will be an enduring monument to his memory. Failing health compelled his retirement from political life in 1894, and he did not long survive.

The Honorable John Fisher Wood, P.C., Q.C., was born in Elizabethtown in 1850, and studied law in Mr. Fraser's office. He was called to the Bar in 1875. In 1882 he was returned for Brockville in the Conser- vative interest, as a member of the House of Commons of Canada, and was re-elected in 1887 and in 1891. For a time he was Deputy Speaker of the House, and in 1892 was appointed Controller of Inland Revenue, and in 1895 a member of the Cabinet and Controller of Customs.

The first court house and gaol for the Johnstown District, which included the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville, were erected at Johnstown, a short distance east of Prescott, but the situation not being sufficiently central an Act of the Legisla- ture was passed providing for another location, and a site in Elizabethtown was given by Mr. William Buell. The new buildings having been erected, prisoners were removed in 1810 to the new gaol, and the first Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace was held in the new court house on the I3th November, 1811. Those buildings, after having done service for many years, gave place about a half a century ago to the handsome court house and strongly-built gaol which occupy the

same commanding site, and the Royal coat- of-arms which graced the old court house at Johnstown nearly a century since is over the judge's seat in the present court room.

The settlement in Elizabethtown received the name of Brockville, as previously stated, when Sir Isaac Brock, having been requested to decide as between the claims of Messrs. Buell and Jones, ignored both, and called it Brockville. In 1832, by Act of Parliament, two wards were established, and a Board of Police constituted, and about the same time the town became entitled to a member in the Upper Canadian House of Assembly. In 1849 it was divided into three wards, with three councillors for each, and they elected from among them- selves a mayor. In 1875 the town limits were extended, and five wards constituted. During the war of 1812 14 — on the 6th February, 1813 — a United States force crossed the St. Lawrence on the ice and made a raid upon Brockville. Several prisoners were taken and removed to Ogdensburg.

Brockville has the honor of possessing one of the oldest newspapers in Canada, the Recorder having been established in 1820, by a man named Beach. Soon after it became the property of William Buell, junior, who conducted it until some time in the " forties," when the late David Wylie became the proprietor. Brockville possesses some impor- tant manufacturing establishments, and is an important railway centre, both the Grand Trunk and the Canadian Pacific Railways having stations, while of the former it has been for many years a divi- sional point. Morristown, in the State of New York, immediately opposite, is a station of the R., W. & O. branch of the New York Central Railway system.

MEN OF CANADA.

267

* I KKBERT STONE

T MCDONALD,

^ Judge of the County Court of Leeds and Grenville, and ex-officio Judge of the Surrogate Court, and Chairman of the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, was born at Gananoque, February 23rd, 1842. His father was the Honorable John McDonald. Judge McDonald graduated at the University of Queen's College, B.A. in 1859, and M.A. in 1 86 1. He then studied law, and was called to the Bar during May, 1863. Shortly after he en- tered upon the practice of law in Brockville with F. W. H. Chambers, M.P.P., for three years. In 1871 Mr. McDonald was returned M.P.P. for South Leeds in the interests of the Conserva- tive party. In 1873 he was appointed Junior Judge of the County Court of Leeds and Grenville; and in De- cember, 1878, Judge of the same Court, in place of Judge Steele, deceased. Judge Mc- Donald is a member of the Church of England, has been for over twenty-five years a member of the Synod of the Diocese of Ontario, for many years a delegate to the Provincial Synod, and in 1893 was appointed a member of the General Synod. Some years ago he was appointed a member of the Board of County Court Judges of Ontario, and in 1892 was named as one of the members of the Royal Commission on the liquor traffic. He was afterwards appointed president of the provincial organization formed at the Child Saving Conference held in Toronto ; a member

of the corporation of the University of Trinity College, Toronto, of the Public Library of Brockville, etc., etc. He is at the present time (1896) chairman of Board of Trustees of the Brockville Collegiate Institute, member of the Board of Governors of the Brockville General Hospital, president of the Brockville branch of the Montreal Auxiliary of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Judge McDonald was married to Emma Matilda, daughter of the late David Jones, ex- M.P.P. for Leeds and Brockville, and subsequently for many years the esteemed Registrar for Leeds County.

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CANADA.

JOHN BERNARD MURPHY, M.D., Superintendent of the Brockville Asylum for the In- sane, was born March 3ist, 1850, at Norwood, Peterboro County, Ont. His father was Timothy Murphy, a man prominent in his day in municipal and political affairs, being County Justice of the Peace, an active Liberal, etc. His mother's maiden name was Catherine McCarthy, daughter of Charles Mc- Carthy, one of the pioneer settlers of Peterboro County. Dr. Murphy was educated at the public and grammar schools of Norwood. He afterwards entered St. Michael's College, Toronto,

in 1869, where he completed his course in classics. Three years later he entered Queen's University, Kings- ton, to follow the study of medicine, and graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1876. He then spent a year in the Kingston Gen- eral Hospital, having gained this position of house sur- geon by competition, and the following year began his professional career in Belle- ville. Upon the appoint- ment of the late Dr. Hope to the shrievalty of Hast- ings County, in 1881, Dr. Murphy was selected by the Government to succeed him as physician of the Ontario Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, which position he retained during his residence in Belleville, at the same time controlling one of the largest private practices in that city. In November, 1890, he was appointed to organize the new Asylum at Mimico. His methods and administration while there so recommended themselves that he re- ceived the high compliment of being called upon to open an Asylum in Brockville. At the completion of this magnificent institution, in 1895, he was appointed by the Government as its first superintendent, and the wisdom of the appointment has already been shown in the efficiency which characterizes its management. In religion the doctor is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. He was married in July, 1885, to Miss Anna Bolster, daughter of the late Lancelot Bolster, of Toronto. His family consists of six children, four sons and two daughters.

MEN OP CANADA.

269

JOHN CULBKRT, wholesale and retail grocer, Mayor of Brockville, Ont., was born in August, 1845, in Elizabethtown, Ont. Mr. Culbert is mainly self-educated; since he was thirteen years of age he has made his own way in the world. Industry and indefatigable energy, coupled with shrewdness and business ability, were characteristics which ex- hibited themselves at an early age. In 1858 he started to learn a trade, but soon abandoned this for mercantile life. His first venture was in the grain and wool business, for which he was agent for a Canadian and American wholesale firm. He worked at this business for two years, when he entered the employ of a dry goods firm in Brockville. By painstaking industry and frugality he accumulated a small capital, and in 1864 started in the grocery trade on his own account in Brock ville. He was successful in this venture, and three years later opened a large general store, consisting of dry goods, groceries, and provi- sions. This business he conducted until 1891, when, finding his affairs becoming more and more pressing, he determined to dispose of the dry goods department of his establishment. He has gradually risen in the esteem and confidence of his fellow- citizens, and become one of the most prominent men in Brockville. He served in the Town Council for four years, and in 1894 was elected Mayor by a large majority; elected in 1895 by an increased majority, and in 1896 by acclamation. He

is one of the most enterprising mayors the town has ever had, and has dis- charged the duties of his office with conspicuous ability. In politics he is a staunch Conservative. Such a career affords a profitable study for the youth of the land, and is worthy of emulation. He was married in 1874 to Miss C. L. McMillan, of Brockville. His family consists of one daughter. In religion he is a Method- ist. He is also a member of the Masonic Order. Mr. Culvert is a liberal, though unostentatious, contrib- utor to many religious and charitable objects.

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MEN OF* CANADA.

GEORGE P. GRAHAM, editor and manager of the Brockville Daily and Weekly Recorder, was born March 3ist, 1859, at Egan- ville, Renfrew County, Ont. His par- ents were the late Rev. W. H. Graham, ex-president Montreal Methodist Con- ference, and a daughter of the late James Stephenson, of Hastings County. Both parents were of Irish extraction. Mr. Graham received his education at the high schools of Iroquois and Mor- risburg. He afterwards taught for a time. He then entered the mercantile establishment of Carman & Co., Iro- quois, where he obtained quite a know-

ledge of general business affairs. In 1 88 1 he purchased the Morrisburg Herald and began his journalistic career, and, selling out in 1892, was for a time assistant editor of the Ottawa Daily Free Press. As a stockholder he assisted in purchasing the Brockville Recorder in January, 1894, and is now editor, manager, and treasurer of the Recorder Printing Company, Ltd., of Brockville, Ont. Mr. Graham is a pushing newspaper man, and since his management of the Recorder has brought it well to the front among pro- vincial papers. In politics he is a Lib- eral, and the principles of that party are clearly defined in his editorials. He is a member of the A. F. and A. M., Sussex Lodge, Brockville, and Grand Foreman and President of the Executive Committee of the Ancient Order of United Workmen of Ontario. In 1891 he ran for the Local Legislature in Dundas County, oppos- ing J. P. Whitney, M.P.P., but was defeated. Mr. Gra- ham is well known in East- ern Ontario, having spoken in nearly all the eastern counties in the interests of his party, where he is always well received by his audi- ences. He is also a mem ber of different Liberal so- cieties. In religion he is a Methodist, a member of the Official Board, of the Finance Committee, leader of the choir, and several others of more or less importance. Mr. Graham was married to a daughter of the late Nelson Southworth, of Morrisburg, Ont. His family consists of two sons.

LINDSAY

IIY

WILLIAM MCDONNELL.

I* EW towns in Canada, during the last _ I ten or fifteen years, have made greater progress than the Town of Lindsay, the county town of the County of Victoria, one of the richest agricultural counties in the Province of Ontario. Lindsay, from its fine position by a navigable river, and sur- rounded as it is by several of the most fer- tile townships in the province, is one of the most prosperous towns in Canada, and, though it has never yet had what is termed a " boom," its gradual growth and success has been continuous, and it may fairly claim to be one of the most promising and healthy places in the Dominion. Lindsay was ori- ginally laid out by the Government, the present site being selected on account of its naturally good position and advantages. The first reserve plot for the town consisted of four hundred acres close to the River Scu- gog, which, on account of its then rapidity at this point, was named by the Indians " Potahgoning." A dam was built here and a good mill site obtained. Two hundred acres \\ere surveyed into half-acre town lots, and two hundred acres into park lots of about five acres each. In the centre of the town plot there was a reserve of six acres for a market square, on part of which a fine brick town hall, a market building, a fire hall, and other buildings for public pur- poses have been erected. The streets are laid out sixty-six feet wide, but Kent street, the principal thoroughfare of the town, is one hundred feet in width, and is admitted to be one of the finest and most spacious streets to be found in any town in Canada. Nearly all the business done in Lindsay is

transacted on Kent street, the stores, hotels, and other buildings being mostly three- storied blocks. The new post-office lately erected by the Dominion Government stands near the centre of the south side of Kent street, and it is said to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in Ontario. About the year 1832 the first gristmill and a sawmill were erected in Lindsay by the Purdy family. The place was then mostly known as Purdy's Mills, and had scarcely more than thirty inhabitants. For some time after this the progress of the little backwoods village gradually increased, and in 1843 the Gov- ernment, in order to improve the inland navigation, decided to build a dock at Lind- say. In 1851 a steamboat called the " Wood- man" was built at Port Perry, a village at the head of Lake Scugog, about 30 miles south of Lindsay, and it reached the town the same year. It was the first of its kind to navigate the lake and the river, and il was a great event, for a large number of people from the surrounding townships came to witness the arrival, besides several of the principal officials, capitalists, and merchants from Toronto and other place; were pas- sengers to Lindsay on the first trip of the " Woodman." Since that time several other steamboats have been added, also a number of scows, the trade of the place re- quiring this accommodation, for Lindsay is highly favored in having water communica- tion with several places. Much has been done to improve the so-called " Trent Navi- gation," and the work in this direction is still going on, large contracts having lately been entered into, and as soon as the pro-

272

MEN OF CANADA.

posed work has been completed the extent of the navigable route from Lindsay in sev- eral directions will be some hundreds of miles.

About 1852, when the first census was taken, Lindsay had but 250 inhabitants. In 1858 the railroad from Port Hope to the town was completed. A company purchased the mill property and laid out several more town lots. The area of land included within the corporate limits is now 2,000 acres. In 1857 Lindsay was incorporated, by special Act, as a town, and improved rapidly. On the 6th of July, 1861, the town was almost entirely destroyed by fire ; most of the houses, being only wooden structures, were swept away. Destructive, however, as this visita- tion was, the inhabitants commenced at once and put up substantial brick buildings, and there are fine blocks of such on Kent street. Soon after this great fire the County of Victoria was separated from the County of Peterboro, and Lindsay established as the county town of Victoria. Lindsay has good railroad accommodation, having branches to Peterboro, Port Hope, Whitby, and far north to Haliburton ; all these are included in the Midland section of the Grand Trunk. The route from Lindsay to Toronto is 69 miles. Before long a branch of the Cana- dian Pacific road from the south will very likely reach Lindsay, as the Dominion Gov- ernment has made a liberal appropriation for such purpose. The present population of Lindsay is nearly 7,000. It has several factories, the agricultural implement works being one of the largest in Ontario ; and there is a fine opening in the town for other manufactories. The Grand Trunk work- shops for the Midland division, established in Lindsay, have done much to increase the business of the town, and, as a further aid,

there are three prominent banks, the Bank of Montreal, the Dominion Bank, and the Ontario Bank.

Lindsay is a port of entry, and has a Custom House, an Excise office, and a Board of Trade. The advantages for educa- tion are excellent. There are several fine schools and a Collegiate Institute, also a Mechanics' Institute and a Library ; three weekly newspapers, one of which publishes .a daily edition. There are in the town sev- eral fine churches, also a convent in con- nection with the large Roman Catholic Church. Private enterprise has erected in Lindsay an academy of music and opera house equalled by few in Canada ; and the town band of music is excellent. Lindsay has one great advantage— a healthy and pleasant watering place at Sturgeon Point, on Sturgeon Lake, about eight miles by boat from the town, and admitted to be equal, if not superior, to any other such resort in Ontario. Many of the inhabitants have pleasant cottages at the " Point," and reside there during the summer months ; excur- sionists from all parts make visits to this beautiful retreat, where there is a fine hotel for their accommodation. The noted sal- ubrity of Sturgeon Point is to a great extent derived from its great elevation, being about 820 feet above the sea level — 100 feet higher than Lake Simcoe— and its freedom from adjacent swampy tracts.

The very great natural advantages pos- sessed by Lindsay assure it a prosperous future ; it will only require proper public spirit and enterprise to advance it to the municipal dignity of a city. It is no ex- aggeration to make this assertion, and there is nothing Utopian or extravagant in the prediction.

MEN OP CANADA.

J»HX MACDONALD, lumber mer- chant, Lindsay, Out., was born Dec. 29th, 1843, in the Township of Mara, Ontario County, Out. He is the son of Donald MacDonald and Mary MacKae, of the County of Glengarry. His father was a well, known agriculturist, and died at the age of fifty-six years ; his mother in her ninety- third year. Mr. MacDonald was educated at the public schools of Eldon Township, after which he went into farming operations, which he followed for about five years. In 1869 he engaged in the lumber trade, pur- chasing a sawmill at Kirkfield, Out. In 1875 he built an extensive saw and shingle mill, which he operated until the year 1884, when he went to British Columbia on the construction of the C.P.R., taking contracts on the work, remaining there until 1887. He then returned to Lindsay, where he has since resided. In religion Mr. MacDonald is a Roman Catholic ; in politics a Conservative. He is also a member of the C.M.B.A. He was married in April, 1873, to Sophia J., daughter of Richard Butler, Esq., of County Wexford, Ireland.

JOHN MACI>ONAL1>.

WILLIAM M'UONNKLL.

\\^ILLIAM McDONNELL, Lindsay, Ont., was born in the City of Cork, Ireland, in September, 1824. As his father intended him for the Church, he was early sent to a classical school, and studied Spanish under a Spanish tutor. After the death of his parents he came to Canada, and obtained a situation as clerk in the Peterboro Post Office, where he remained some years. He then went to Lindsay, and invested his slender means in business, be- coming fairly successful, and accumulating considerable property. He was a magistrate of the town for some years, major in the Militia, and was elected Mayor of Lindsay. In order to have the benefit of a milder climate, he went to reside in southern New Jersey, and for a time studied law in the University of Pennsylvania ; but as his pro- perty in Canada required attention, he returned to Lindsay. Mr. McDonnell is in politics a Liberal of advanced views, and has written several articles which have been favor- ably received in this country and in England. He is the author of the poem, " The Beau- tiful Snow," which has become popular.

274

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CANADA.

GEORGE LYTLE.

(^EORGE LYTLE, publisher and editor of the Lindsay Watchman, was born September, 1855, at Oakwood, Ont. He is a son of the late John Robert Lytle and Christina Carmichael, the former a native of County Cavan, Ireland, who came to Can- ada with his parents, at the age of nine years, settling in Durham County. He sub- sequently followed a commercial career in Victoria County for some years, afterwards becoming First Division Court Clerk of Mariposa Township, and died in 1857. Our subject was educated at the public and gram- mar schools of Oakwood. Favoring the line of newspaper work, he spent several years in some of the best newspaper offices in Can- ada. In 1893 he embarked in business for himself as editor and proprietor of the Lind- say Watchman, which he has since conducted with success. In politics Mr. Lytle is an Independent, and brings the good traits of both parties before the public, thus doing much to allay the friction so frequently observed on both sides of political life. He is a member of the I.O.O.F., in which order he has held the highest offices available.

WALTERS, Mayor of Lind- say, Ont., contractor and builder, was born in England, April nth, 1850. His parents were Henry and Elizabeth Walters. The former, who was a miner, came to Can- ada, and settled in Portsmouth, near Kings- ton, dying a short time after his arrival there. Mr. Walters was educated at Ports- mouth, after which he was apprenticed to the shipbuilding trade, which he followed until twenty-five years of age. He then removed to Lindsay, and took up the occupa- tion of railroading and general contracting, which he has since followed. Among the contracts which he has successfully carried out are the Stratford & Huron Railway, the Midland, and Central Ontario, the Bay of Quinte Bridge, the latter being the largest construction of its kind in Canada, etc. He has always been active in municipal matters, and has filled every office from alderman to mayor. In religion, Mr. Walters is a mem- ber of the Church of England ; in politics, a Conservative. He was married in 1871 to Miss Matilda Thompson, of Cannington. His family consists of two sons and two daughters.

HENRV WALTERS.

MKN OF CANADA.

275

• -TEETER DOMINIE 1^ LAURENT, Vicar General of the Diocese of Peter boro, ( )nt., Rector of St. Mary's Church, Lindsay, was born in April, 1835, near Nantes, France. Father Laurent studied classics in the clerical col- leges of the Diocese of Nantes, and in 1854 took the degree of B A. from the University of France, in the old historic city of Rennes. He also took a two years' course in philosophy and science under the Sulpicians in the Seminary of Philos- ophy, Nantes. In January, 1857, was adopted for the Upper Canadian Missions by Right Rev. Dr. De Char- bonel, then Bishop of To- ronto, and spent one year and a half at St. Mary's Seminary, Baltimore, Md., to study English and theol- ogy. He was ordained in St. Michael's Cathedral, Toronto, by the Bishop of Toronto, in 1858, after which he was for about one year assistant to Father J. B. Proulx, Oshawa, when he was sent to Duffin's Creek to establish a mission. In 1861 he went to Sandwich, Ont, and after a four months' stay at Maidstone Cross was sent to start a new mission, including the town of Mitchell and parts of the townships of Logan and Plllis, with the principal church at Kinkora. PYom there he went to Amherstburg, where he renovated the church, built a school for boys, and convent for girls. In 1875 he followed the Right Rev. J. F. Jamot, D. D., to the missions of Algoma, with residence on the Canadian side of Sault Ste. Marie, where he built a

priest's house. His field here was a very extensive and trying one, and in it he labored earnestly. In October, 1882, he was sent to Bracebridge, Ont., and in February, 1884, to Lindsay. Two months later the convent at Lindsay was destroyed by fire, but was repaired the same year. St. Mary's Church, Lindsay, has also been completed and decorated at an immense cost. It may be added that during the vacancy of the See of Peterboro, from May, 1886, when Dr. Jamot died, to May, 1887, Vicar-General Laurent acted as Administrator of the diocese.

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OF- CANADA.

G H. M. BAKER, Manager of the • Lindsay Agency of the Rath- bun Company, Lindsay, was born at Carleton Place, Ontario, May 4th, 1863. He is the son of Rev. Rural Dean Baker and Caroline Helen Rolph. His father, who is a son of the late Col. Baker, an officer of the Royal Artillery, and afterwards postmaster of Bytown (now Ottawa), Ont, has been in the ministry about twenty-eight years, and is now (1896) the esteemed Rector of St. John's Church, Bath, Ont. He has also officiated and occupied clerical positions under the Rev. Dr. Dicks, of Holy Trinity Church, New

York City. He received his education at a theologi- cal seminary in New York. Our subject's mother was a daughter of the late Dr. Rolph, of Cornwall, Ont. Mr. Baker was educated at Trinity College School, Port Hope, with a view to enter- ing Holy Orders, but owing to failing health was obliged to give up this purpose and turn his attention to outdoor work. After a short time he engaged with the Rathbun Company at Des- eronto, where he started at the foot of the ladder of success in the lumber busi- ness. The position he now occupies in connection with this mammoth lumber firm shows the progress he has made. The Lindsay branch of this business has been de- veloped under the manage- ment of Mr. Baker. He is a gentleman of broad views, a hard worker, and inde- fatigable in the performance of his duties. The success attending his management has done a great deal in developing Lindsay as a manufacturing and indus- trial centre. He is regarded as a shrewd and enterprising business man, a capable financier, and a highly esteemed citizen, who thoroughly enjoys the confidence of all classes of the community. Mr. Baker is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has held the office of Master of his lodge for three years, and is now Principal "Z" of the Royal Arch Chapter. In politics he is a staunch Conservative. He was mar- ried in January, 1893, to Clara, daugh- ter of the late J. J. Carter, of Picton, Ontario.

MIDLAND, ONT.

HV

REV. DAVID JAMES.

IV /I IDLAND is situated in the County

1\ I of Simcoe, near the southeastern

^® extremity of the Georgian Bay.

It is one of our newer Canadian towns, but

is fast becoming a centre of trade, and

promises in the near future to be a place of

no small importance.

Twenty-five years ago visitors to that picturesque portion of our great inland sea known as Gloucester Bay would have found but few indications of the prosperous town that now graces its shores. This bay, which is in the form of a horseshoe, with its opening towards the northeast, is surrounded on all sides by low hills which gently slope towards the shore. In it there is a sufficient depth of water to accommo- date the largest vessel sailing on the Upper Lakes, and this, with the protection afforded by the surrounding hills from the severe winds which sweep down from the north and west, makes it one of the finest harbors to be found on the Great Lakes.

The first clearing in the bush surrounding this beautiful bay was made in the year 1849, when William Buchannan made for himself a home near where the Westward Public School now stands. In 1851 and 1854 Richard Murphy and John Smith, respectively, came in to bear him company, settling on adjoining lots. But though this was the beginning of the present settlement, the place is not without earlier historical associations. In this neighborhood, cen- turies ago, the great band of Huron Indians had their villages, as a number of ossu- aries opened in the vicinity of the town abundantly testify. And here, too, it was that in the year 1634 the Jesuits began their operations, attempting after their own

"77

fashion to Christianize these dark-skinned denizens of the forest. Over the limpid waters of Gloucester Bay in those far-away days no doubt many a birch-bark canoe was seen, as it swiftly glided from the por- tage, paddled by a dusky Huron, and bear- ing in its prow a black-robed priest, on his way to the opposite shore, where an opening in the long dark line of pine trees marked the entrance to the Wye River, on the shores of which, deep in the heart of the forest, stood Fort St. Marie. The suitability of the place as a situation for a town by reason of its natural advantages could not long remain hidden, as the country, once the home of the red man, began to be taken possession of by the enterprising lumberman and industrious settler ; and when, in 1873, the hum of the sawmill began to awaken the echoes of the long-silent forest, the pos- sibilities of the place began to suggest them- selves, and accordingly part of the Murphy homestead and the Hartley property were divided into village lots.

The next step in the advancement of the place was the decision of the Midland Rail- way to extend its line to the Georgian Bay, and, noting the splendid facilities for ship- ping which it possessed, the little hamlet on Gloucester Bay was selected as its terminus. In 1878 the railway was completed, and in the meantime a Land Company had been formed. This company bought up all the available property in the neighborhood, and in a short time had the plans for an exten- sive town drawn up, and the acquired pro- perty laid out in streets and squares. On a number of these handsome residences and substantial blocks of buildings began to rise, and very soon the shanties of the mill men

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MEN OK CANADA.

gave way to a well-built town. In 1881 a capacious elevator and extensive wharfs were built. The harbor once silent, save for the cry of the wildfowl, soon pre- sented a scene of busy life. Stately vessels rode at anchor in the bay, and along the wharfs great steamships unloaded their bur- dens. The lumbering industry also in- creased, and a number of large sawmills soon began to pile their products along the shores ready for shipment either by steamer or by rail. Meantime the educational and spiritual welfare of the inhabitants was being well cared for. The village school was well equipped, and a small frame build- ing was erected by the Episcopalians for a place of worship. Several other denomina- tions followed their example, and fortnightly, or, in some cases, weekly, services were con- ducted by the clergyman of some neighbor- ing settlement. But the rapid growth of the place soon made larger buildings and

more regular services necessary. The vil- lage school was enlarged to double its capa- city, and shortly afterwards in another part of the town a handsome and commodious brick schoolhouse was also erected. In both of these there is now an excellent staff of teachers, and an average daily attendance of some five hundred scholars.

The churches have also increased their accommodation, and each of the different denominations, Episcopal, Presbyterian, Baptist, Methodist, and Roman Catholic, has its comfortable and, in some cases, handsome structure in which to worship. Each denomination has also a resident pastor, who, with the exception of the Epis- copal and Roman Catholic, are not required to supply any outside appointment, but devote their whole time to the congregations in town. Midland has now (1896) a popula- tion of over 2,200, with the near prospect of a large increase.

SAMUEL FRAZER, J P.

FRAZER, J.P., Midland,

was born in County Mayo, Ireland, in February, 1824. He is the son of Fred- erick Frazer and Catherine Macdonnell, natives of Ireland. Mr. Frazer was educated at the National school of his native place, and by private tuition. At the age of four- teen he came to Canada and settled on the present homestead, which is located about two miles from Midland. Mr. Frazer has always taken an active interest in municipal affairs since his part of the country was settled. He was the first reeve of the united townships of Tiny and Tay, and, after the separation of the two townships, was first reeve of Tay, and when Midland was formed into a village he became reeve. He has also taken an active part in the County Council, and has held the position of chairman of the Finance Committee for years. Mr. Frazer has now retired from active life for some years.

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JAMES BAINES KNOWLSON, Deputy Collector of Inland Revenue, Lindsay, Ont., was born April i5th, 1833, in the Township of Cavan, Ont. He is a son of John Knowlson and Mary Thompson. His father, after retiring from mercantile life, was manager of the Hank of Upper Canada in Lindsay. His mother was the daughter of the late Rev. James Thompson, of Yorkshire, Eng. Mr. Knowlson was educated at Upper Can- ada College, the Jesuits' College, Mont- real, and St. Mary's College, New York City. He then spent about two years in travel, and while on the conti-

nent was financial agent at London, Eng., for his brother-in-law of Toronto. This position he retained for about three years. He then came to Canada and engaged in insurance business, having been agent for the Western In- surance Co. since 1859. In 1864 he was appointed Town Clerk of Lindsay, and treasurer of the same in 1874, proving himself an efficient and oblig- ing officer. In 1863 he received his present appointment. Mr. Knowlson was married Jan. 9th, 1856, to Thirza Brady, of London, Eng. His family consists of twelve children, all occupy- ing honorable positions.

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ELGIN MYERS, Barrister, Orange - ville, was born in Ancaster ^s*S> Township, April 3rd, 1855, being the youngest child of the late Henry Myers, J.P., of Brant County. He was educated at the schools of Mount Pleasant, five miles from Brant- ford, afterwards taking up the study of law. He was called to the Bar in 1877, and created a Q.C. Jan. 3ist, 1890. He was also made County Crown Attorney for Dufferin County, April 2nd, 1891, and practically dismissed by the appoint- ment of in successor in August, 1892. This was a consequence of the stand he took in refuting Sir Oliver Mowat's

arguments in favor of Canada retaining her present political position as a de- pendency of Great Britain. In 'religion he is a Presbyterian, and a liberal sup- porter of philanthropic measures. Al- though controlling a very extensive legal practice, and having many interests re- quiring attention, he takes an active inter- est in the municipal affairs of Orange - ville, and has occupied a seat in the town council. He was married on July roth, 1870, to Mary A., daughter of George C. Cowper, then editor of the Owen Sound Advertiser, and now assistant County Attorney at Welland.

HASTINGS, ONT.

HY

HENRY JOHNSON.

| HE important incorporated village of -*- Hastings made its advent some time in the " forties," and since then has had a creditable measure of prosperity. As in the case of many other places, there are no records of the struggles and triumphs of its very early pioneers, no mention of the men and women whose toil and self-denial opened the way for the present prosperity. Hastings is now (1896) a progressive, thriving village of some 1,200 inhabitants, situated on the Midland division of the G.T.K., about 42 miles from Helleville, and 22 miles from Peterboro. It has two daily connec- tions with the C.P.R., via Norwood, five miles distant. The development of the place has been much retarded by several fires, which have on each occasion swept the best portion of the village ; but after each calamity the spirit and enterprise of the inhabitants speedily found means to rebuild, not, however, without feeling the strain, and receiving a temporary check to their com- mendable industry. Hastings is admirably situated for an enjoyable summer resort, and has long since been discovered by lovers of camping, fishing, and hunting. Its proximity to Rice Lake, coupled with the long stretch of Trent River, and the numerous small lakes which surround it, make it the head- quarters for many who regularly take a sum- mer outing. Several fine summer residences have been built by gentlemen from Toronto and other important cities, and lots have been secured for many more. Intending manufacturers will do well to investigate the Hastings water privileges before deciding to locate elsewhere. Ever since the Govern- ment built the lock at Crooks' Rapid, this point has contained great possibilities as a

manufacturing centre. The construction of this lock threw a dam across the Trent River, which gives unlimited power the year round. It is estimated that not less than 5,000 horse-power is here available, with splendid building sites on either side of the river. The civic authorities are always glad to negotiate with prospecting manufacturers, and are prepared to deal liberally with any company who will employ a reasonable num- ber of hands. A clear deed of the land and power will be given to any man or com- pany who will give assurance that actual business is intended, The Council is com- posed of men of energy and enterprise, who will leave no stone unturned to furnish ma- terial prosperity to the community. The present assessed value of property is nearly $200,000, which, at 16 mills on the dollar, provides all public revenue. The village is not in debt more than a few hundred dollars, with good prospects of a clean sheet in the very near future. Notably among the leading industries may be named the Valley Roller Mills, which have a capacity of 100 barrels per day, but usually are forced to run day and night to supply the demand. Mr. F. W. Fowlds, the proprietor, is a man of sterling worth, and has, by his energy, created a market for all kinds of grain, which he uses in large quantities. His family were among the earliest settlers in the village, and have always been foremost in contributing to the importance of the com- munity. The splendid tannery, operated by Messrs. John Welsh & Co., is a very impor- tant feature in the business life of Hastings. During the past fifteen years these gentle- men have done a large and constantly in- creasing business, and have now one of the

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best equipped establishments of that nature in the province. The reputation which their goods have acquired at home and abroad is the result of the ability, care, and practical experience of the firm. The tan- nery is thoroughly equipped with the most modern improved machinery, and the large staff of skilled workmen turn out goods which are sought after by dealers on account of their superior finish. In 1893 what is known as Coughlan's Paper File Factory began to manufacture one of the most complete files that has ever been placed on the market. It is constructed to secure- ly hold a sheet of music, newspaper, or smallest memorandum without perforating them, and is so arranged that a particu- lar sheet can be found without the aid of an index. This file is so simply operated that it will meet the needs of the most particular accountant, and yet can be worked by the smallest child. It has a neat and attractive

appearance. The invention was patented by Dr. R. Coughlan,andisbeingrnanufactured in large quantities. In the fall of 1895, Mr. W. P. Plant erected a commodious foundry. The main building is 50x100 feet, and is supplemented by one-story blacksmith and moulding rooms, 30x50 feet.

One of the very important features of the village is the popular weekly newspaper, The Hastings Star, which was established nearly twenty years ago by Mr. J. A. How- ard, who always conducted it with energy and enterprise. Two years ago it passed into the hands of Mr. J. H. Scrivie, who has greatly increased the circulation, and is making it rank among the first journals of the province.

The Clarendon Hotel, a fine brick struc- ture of three stories, is fitted up with all the modern conveniences, and under the able management of Mr. Spellman is an attractive stopping place for travellers and tourists.

®<T)ICHARD COUGHLAN, M.D.,

•^Vg) Hastings, Ont., was born Decem- ber i8th, 1859, in that place. He is the son of Timothy Coughlan, J.P., and Ellen Murphy. His father came to Canada about the year 1834, settled at Hastings, Ont., where he was lockmaster, first reeve of the village, and carried on a general store. He accu- mulated quite a capital, which enabled him to retire from active business some years prior to his death, December 2oth, 1895. Dr. Coughlan was educated at Campbellford and Norwood High Schools, after which he entered Queen's University, Kingston, graduating with the degree of M.D. in 1881. He then took up his residence in Hastings, and commenced to practise his profession, In 1889 ne opened a drug store. In reli- gion the doctor is a Roman Catholic ; in politics an Independent. He was married April 2gth, 1889, to Teresa, daughter of Timothy Hurley, of Peterboro.

RICHARD COUGHLAN, M.D.

MEN OP CANADA.

^JTENRY GIROUARI), M.D., jf~ \ St. Johns, Que., was born in ^® the County of Soulanges, Quebec, in 1820. His father's name was Antoine Girouard, while his mother's maiden name was Angelique Denis, both being of French extrac- tion and natives of the Province of Que- bec. Dr. Girouard received his early education in Montreal College. After deciding to make medicine his profes- sion he entered Victoria College, where he graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1852. He then practised at Henry- ville for one year, after which he re- moved to St. Valentine, where he con-

tinued for fourteen years. He was then at Napierville for four years, and in 1871 located in St. Johns, where he has since remained. He is now the oldest practitioner in that town, and his repu- tation extends throughout the whole county. In addition to his large pri- vate practice he is assistant physician of the Military School, St. Johns. In religion the doctor is a member of the Roman Catholic Church ; in politics a supporter of the Conservative party. He was married in November, 1838, to Philomene LaPerle, of St. Valentine, Que. His family consists of one son and one daughter.

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LARENDON ATWOOD FOS- TER, M.D., Bridgewater, N.S., was born May 25th, 1863, at Grenville, N.S., on the old "Fos- ter Farm," which has been in the posses- sion of the family for several centuries. Dr. Foster received his education at Paradise Academy, Paradise, N.S., after which he took up the study of medicine at Harvard University, gradu- ating M.D. in June, 1889. He then returned to his native province, locat- ing at Bridgewater, where he began the practice of his profession, in partner- ship with Dr. J. N. Mack. After con- tinuing for some time in this way he

began practice on his own account, and by faithful attention has now succeeded in building up a large and lucrative medical connection. Dr. Foster is a member of the Masonic Order and the I.O.O.F. ; of the Maritime Province Medical Society, Harvard Medical Asso- ciation, etc., standing high in the esti- mation of the members of his profession, as well as the public, as a skilful prac titioner. In religion he is a Methodist. He was married twice ; first to Miss Bath, of Bridgewater, in August, 1885, and after her death to Miss Nelson, of Bridgewater, in October, 1890. His family consists of two daughters.

SHERBROOKE, QUE.

F HE beautiful young city of Sherbrooke -*- is situated in one of those lovely val- leys which so richly adorn the Eastern Townships, at a point where the waters of the rivers Magog -and St. Francis combine and together flow into the mighty St. Lawrence. That the city is enterprising is well known throughout the Dominion, and it has indeed made wonderful progress dur- ing the last twenty-five years. The citizens of Sherbrooke claim that it is the prettiest city of its size in Canada. Viewed from the slopes of the lofty hills on either side of the St. Francis River, the prospect afforded by this busy and beautiful centre, with its business streets and commercial houses, its banking institutions and public buildings, cannot fail to attract attention, while the fertile country bordering the river, with its green meadows and wooded hills, com- mands the admiration of the observer.

The district known as the Eastern Town- ships lies to the south of the great river St. Lawrence, between French Canada and the 45th parallel of latitude, which here forms the boundary between the United States and Canada. During the French occupation, and for many years thereafter, it was a vast forest wilderness. In 1796 that part of the tract now known as the Township of Ascot was settled by the Hyatt Bros., six in num- ber, who, for political reasons, had left Ver- mont and settled in Canada. Subsequently these people and their associates obtained extensive grants of land, which lands, with other proprietory, became organized into a township in 1803. At this time the site of the future city of Sherbrooke was known as " the Lower, or Big Forks." As far as can be ascertained,

the first settlers were David Moe, Gilbert Hyatt, and Samuel Terrill. The first men- tioned of these erected a framed barn on the border of the present corporation limits, the remains of which are still to be seen on the road to the adjoining village of Lennoxville, bearing the date 1800. This is now the oldest landmark in existence of the early his- tory of Sherbrooke. For nearly a quarter of a century the work of settlement went on but slowly, for in 1819 it is recorded that not more than seven log houses had been erected. In 1822 Sherbrooke was pro- claimed the Chief-lieu of the District of Saint Francis, then recently formed. In 1852 the town, comprising portions of the Townships of Ascot and Oxford, which are divided from one another by the river Magog, was incorporated, with G. F. Bowen, Esq., sheriff of the district, as its first mayor. In that year the St. Lawrence and Atlantic, now the Grand Trunk, railway was completed through that section of country, and gave a great impetus to the progress of Sherbrooke, which at that date had a popu- lation under 2,000. In 1871 the town num- bered 4,450 inhabitants ; in 1873, 5,500 ; in 1885, 8,400 ; while now, in the present year, 1896, there are considerably more than 10,000 people within its limits possessed of taxable real estate, as shown by the assess- ment roll, of four millions of dollars. The stranger's first impression on entering this bustling little city is that of surprise at the well-lighted and well-paved business thor- oughfares. The number of fine business blocks compares favorably with many places of far larger population. Amongst the most important buildings mention must be made of the Eastern Townships Bank, erected in

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1878. This building is indeed an architec- tural gem, built of Stanstead granite, beauti- fully finished externally as well as internally, and possessing every convenience for busi- -ness, well ventilated and lighted. This bank may be styled " the financial institution " of the Townships. It was first established and opened in 1859, with a small capital of $300,000, the head office being in Sher- brooke. It has now branches in Richmond, Coaticook, Stanstead, Waterloo, Cowans- ville, Granby, Huntingdon, Bedford, and St. Hyacinthe, the whole of which, with the exception of the last named, are situated within the Eastern Townships, St. Hya- cinthe being near the border. The capital of the bank has now reached the handsome figure of $1,500,000, with a reserve fund of $750,000, or one-half its capital. In com- mercial credit and financial strength it will compare with any monetary institution in Canada. Sherbrooke is further supplied with branches of the Merchants' Bank of Canada and the Banque Nationale of Que- bec.

The post-office and other Government buildings were erected in 1885, and are also built of Stanstead granite. They present a very handsome appearance, and, being well situated, add much to the architectural ap- pearance of the city. The numerous fine streets, containing charming private resi- dences, form a very attractive feature of Sherbrooke. These beautiful homes, with their lawns and tastefully laid out gardens adorned with fine trees, abound on all sides. To give an adequate description of these, even of the principal ones, would exhaust the space devoted to this sketch. The be- stowal by nature of the unsurpassed water power produced by the fall of the Magog into the St. Francis River has forever stamped Sherbrooke as a manufacturing centre. Nowhere in Canada is this power excelled, derived, as it is, from a descent of the river Magog, 120 feet within a distance of half a mile. The power thus furnished

turns the wheels of some of the largest wool- len industries of the Dominion. Among these are the great mills of the Paton Manu- facturing Company, of A. Lomas& Son, and of A. L. Grindrod & Co., all of which con- tribute greatly to the prosperity of the city. The Paton mills pay in wages annually over $160,000, employing 700 hands. The com- pany has a paid-up capital of $600,000 and a reserve of $100,000. Over two million pounds of wool are used every year, com- prising Canadian, Australian, South Ameri- can, and other varieties. The annual out- lay for raw material is estimated at nearly three-quarters of a million dollars. It is needless to say that this huge establishment is equipped with the latest improved ma- chinery to be found in England and the United States. For several years the Paton Manufacturing Company has been under contract to supply the Canadian Govern- ment with the scarlet and gray clothing used by the militia. They also supply Pullman rugs for the C.P.R. cars, as well as those used by several prominent steamship lines. The business is now managed by Mr. John Turnbull, of Montreal, who is the managing director of the company, with a very competent staff of assistants. The company, a few years ago, acquired the mills of the Quebec Worsted Company, and re- moved the machinery to Sherbrooke, where they manufacture, on an extensive scale, various kinds of worsted goods, disposing of a large portion of their product in yarn to the knitting companies of Canada.

The long-established and favorably-known firm of A. Lomas & Son are large producers of high-class woollen goods, and have estab- lished for themselves a high reputation. They employ a large number of hands, by whom they are highly respected, and in whose welfare they are always interested. Deriving power from the same source, and doing a large trade, are the mills of A. L. Grindrod & Co. Their yearly output of woollen goods is very large and of excellent

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quality ; the result of careful management, ripe experience, honorable dealing, and un- failing perseverance. The Royal Corset Company's mill is also worthy of note. The works are situated on a small rocky island in the centre of the Magog River, and employ about 150 girls in the manufacture of their goods, which are sold from Halifax to Vancouver. This important establish- ment is under the management of Mr. C. A. E. Lefebvre, who is well qualified to sustain and develop this industry. At the head of the great Magog water power are the saw- mills of the British American Land Com- pany. This concern employs over fifty men, and has an annual output of over 5,000,000 feet of lumber. The power required for the electric lighting of the city is also derived from the Magog River, and these works not only supply Sherbrooke with light, but also the neighboring village of Lennoxville, three miles distant. Among the foundries and machine shops, the largest business is transacted by the Jenckes Machine Com- pany, whose extensive and well-planned shops are so situated that they can ship the largest engines, boilers, and other products to every part of the Dominion directly from their shops, loading within the building itself. Their work is known all over Canada, and includes steam engines, boilers, and all kinds of milling and mining machinery. The company have a large staff, paying annually about $60,000 in wages. The Macfarland Flour Milling Company do an extensive trade, both locally and by exporta- tion. Their brands of flour have become deservedly popular. The Sherbrooke Iron Works, including a foundry and machine shop, also do a good and extensive trade. The sash and door factories of G. G. Bryant, Geo. Long, and Lemairc & Lew are import- ant factors in the commercial life of Sher- brooke. Mr. Long and the Twose Bros, also make excellent furniture.

In East Sherbrooke there is the large car- riage factory of Mr. P. Biron. His yearly

output of wagons, sleighs, carriages, and vehicles of all descriptions is very large. The style and workmanship is first-class, the product finding its way to all parts of the country. As a railway centre Sherbrooke is unsurpassed, having direct connection with all points east, west, north, and south. Four great railways centre here. The Grand Trunk gives direct connection with Montreal, as well as with all points between Montreal and Portland. The Canadian Pacific, whose main line passes through Sherbrooke, affords another route to Mont- treal, similar in distance to that of the Grand Trunk, but through a different sec- tion of country. It, on the other hand, pro- ceeds directly to St. John, N.B., and Hali- fax. This line is known as the " Short Route" between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The Quebec Central Railway passes through a country rich in minerals, lumber, and natural products, direct to Quebec. The Boston & Maine Railway connects directly with Boston, New York, and all points in New England. All of these four great lines give through routes to the sea- board, and afford unsurpassed facilities for the shipment of all kinds of manufactured goods and mercantile commodities. The mineral resources of the Sherbrooke district are a source of great wealth to the city and neighborhood. Mines of gold, copper, and asbestos are employing a great number of hands. The asbestos mines, on the line of the Quebec Central Railway, as well as at Danville, on the Grand Trunk Railway, are very productive. It is a remarkable fact that four-fifths of the practicable asbestos of the world comes from the Eastern Townships, for the asbestos of other countries, including Italy, cannot compete in usefulness with that of the Eastern Townships of Canada.

The copper mines at Capelton, seven miles from Sherbrooke, are worked with activity, yielding handsome returns, and the pay-roll at this point is said to amount to $25,000 per month. Most of the money

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thus paid finds its way into Sherbrooke. Mining experts who visit these mineral deposits are amazed at the vast underground wealth awaiting development in this portion of the Province of Quebec. The municipal government of the city is a model of civic administration. The public buildings are handsome and convenient, the streets spacious and efficiently lighted. The small city debt of $300,000 represents the aid which Sher- brooke has given to different railway enter- prises and toward the encouragement of industrial undertakings. It is not considered an encumbrance of any note. It is safe to say that no city of similar dimensions in the Dominion has a better police system, or is better equipped for fire defence. The in- surance companies recognize this latter fact. Sherbrooke is also highly favored with religious institutions. The churches are handsome structures, and comprise two of the Church of England, one Congrega- tional, one Baptist, one Presbyterian, one Methodist, and three Roman Catholic churches. One of these latter is a cathe- dral, as Sherbrooke is the centre of a Roman Catholic diocese. The different religious bodies are doing much to develop the moral and religious welfare of the community. One very pleasing feature of church life in Sherbrooke is the absence of religious jars and animosities, such things being prac- tically unknown. In 1874 *ne Roman Catholic diocese was created, with Monseig- neur Antoine Racine its first bishop. His lordship, a man of great learning and exe- cutive ability, was in his early days a mis- sionary in the Eastern Townships. The present bishop is Monseigneur LaRocque. The diocese includes the district of St. Fran- cis, and minor portions of the Townships of Beauce, Brome, and Shefford. It is worthy of special note that in Sherbrooke the Eng- lish and French so perfectly understand the secret of race and religious tolerance that they live harmoniously together.

The Library and Art Union is one of the

most gratifying and beneficial institutions of the city. It is a monument to the efforts of the Sherbrooke people in providing for all nationalities and creeds the opportunity of literary and art culture, with a free reading room, a public library, and a natural history museum. Courses of lectures and enter- tainments have been maintained for the past ten years. The building is a handsome, commodious structure, well arranged for its philanthropic purpose. The library con- tains 4,000 volumes, while the museum abounds in specimens representing the vari- ous minerals which are being worked in the district, as well as many curios. The art gallery is well stocked with beautiful and costly pictures, and has a seating capacity of about 400. The inception and establish- ment of this institution are largely due to the thought and efforts of Mr. S. F. Morey, the inspector of the Eastern Townships Bank.

STEVENSON, J.P., Commis- sioner, etc., was born August gth, 1839, at Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland. He is the son of John and Agnes Stevenson, who came to Canada in 1853. Mr. Stevenson was educated at the schools of New Mills, Scotland, entering mercantile life at the age of fifteen in Paris. In 1860 he removed to Orangeville, starting business as druggist, etc., 1864, where by faithful, persistent effort he has established a lucrative trade. He is a member of various fraternal organizations; reeve of Orangeville, chairman of the Board of Health, and takes an active interest in municipal affairs generally. In politics, he is a staunch Reformer ; in religion, a promi- nent Presbyterian. Mr. Stevenson has been married twice ; first, in 1856, to Mary Snell, who died in 1870, and, second, in 1876, to Lizzie Ketchum, of Toronto. His family consists of two sons and four daughters.

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W BURTON FINLEY, photo- • grapher, Sherbrooke, Que., was born in Ontario County, Ont, October nth, 1871. His father was Isaac Finley, for many years one of the prominent millers in Lindsay, while his mother's maiden name was Loretta Fralick. Mr. Finley was edu- cated at Little Britain, Victoria County, Ont, and on leaving school commenced to learn the art of photography in Lindsay, where he spent three years in one of the leading galleries of that town. In 1893 he opened a gallery on his own account in Gananoque, Ont., where he carried on a most successful

business for two years; but, wishing to have a larger field, removed to Sher- brooke, Que., in 1895. Here he has a first-class stand, and being well up in all departments of his business must soon gather around him a good paying patronage. In politics Mr. Finley is a supporter of the Liberal platform ; in religion a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is also a member of the I.O.O.F. October 3ist, 1893, he married Miss Leona Kelsey, daughter of Norman Kelsey, Esq., a well-known resident of Durham, Grey County, Ontario. His family consists of one daughter.

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E. THERRIEN, merchant, of Sherbrooke, Que., was born at Desriviere Station, Missis- quoi County, Que., Feb. 2nd, 1863. His parents were Alexander Therrien and Louise Senesac, French -Canadians. Mr. Therrien was educated 'at Sher- brooke College, also at the High School of Husdon, Mass., receiving a practical education. He began business life as a clerk in Sherbrooke, which occupation he followed for three years. He then formed a partnership with Mr. S. For- tier, which lasted for six years. Upon the dissolution of this partnership, in 1892, Mr. Therrien began business for

himself as general merchant, and as such has been very successful, having worked up a very large patronage, and an enviable reputation as an hon- orable and capable man. He has taken an active part in the municipal affairs of Sherbrooke, was elected coun- cillor in 1894, and afterwards chairman of the Police Committee. He is also a member of the I.O.F., C.O.F., and St. Joseph societies. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. Mr. Therrien was married in 1883 to Alphonsine, daugh- ter of the late Norbert Bourque, one of the most influential citizens of Sherbrooke.

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ZEORGE NELSON HODGE, lumber merchant, Shcrbrooke, Que., was born in Eaton, QueM in 1839. His parents were David Edward Hodge and Ann Gamsby. natives of Quebec Province. Our subject received his education at the village schools. He lived on his father's farm until he was twenty-six years of age, when he commenced business as general merchant at Birchton, where he continued until 1880. His health not being good, however, he sold out his business, and removed to Sherbrooke. Here, after one year, he went into the grocery business with Mr. N. N. Walley. They afterwards gave up this line of trade and en- gaged in the lumber business, under the same firm name, Hodge & Walley. While in Eaton he was councillor for seven years. He has also been a member of the I.O.O.F. for a considerable period. In religion, Mr. Hodge is of the Methodist Church, also a member of the Y.M.C.A. of Sherbrooke. He was married in 1862 to Miss Mary Byron, of Moe's River ; she died in June,

1871. He was again married, in September,

1872, to Miss Annette Williams, of Hulwer.

OKOKCK NELSON HODGE.

HENKY I). LAWRENCE.

D. LAWRENCE, Advocate, Sherbrooke, Que., was born Janu- ary 26th, 1851, at Windsor, Vt. He was educated at Windsor High School, Dart- mouth College, and Bishop's College Law School. He received his B.A. from Dart- mouth in 1873, his M.A. three years later, and B.C.L. from Bishop's College in 1883. He was principal of Sherbrooke Academy from 1873 to 1879, with the exception of one year, when he was connected with the Bureau of Education, Washington, D.C. He was U.S. Consul at Sherbrooke from 1879 to 1883, and admitted to the Bar in January of the latter year. Since that time he has practised law in Sherbrooke, and has acquired a fine connection. During 1883-84 he was editor of the Sherbrooke Gazette, a Conservative paper. In religion, Mr. Law- rence is a member of the Church of England, and is superintendent of the Sunday-school. He has been treasurer of the St. Francis Bar for five years, and chairman of the Protestant Board of School Commissioners for ten years. He was married October I5th, 1879, to Ellen B. Sanborn.

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JEAN MARIE PANTALEON PELLETIER, M.D., CM.

JEAN MARIE JOSEPH PANTALEON PELLETIER, M.D., C.M., East Sherbrooke, Que., was born July 27th, 1860, at Riviere Ouelle, Que. His father is Joseph Pelletier, farmer, and his mother's maiden name was Henriette Martin. Dr. Pelletier was educated at the College of St. Anne de la Pocatiere, and Laval University, Quebec, graduating in April, 1887. He at once located at East Sherbrooke, where he has succeeded in working up a large practice. Dr. Pelletier has also taken an active part in military affairs, and was first lieutenant in No. 7 Company of the gth Battalion, of Quebec, and made the Northwest campaign in 1885. He was appointed joint coroner of the District of St. Francis, September 7th, 1889. He is a member of St. Francis Medi- cal Society, of the I.O.F., C.O.F., C.M.B.A., and Alliance Nationale. In religion, he is a Roman Catholic ; in politics, a Liberal, at present (1896) being president of the Execu- tive Committee. He was married in January, 1888, to Alice Hudon, Quebec. In June, 1895, he graduated at the Polyclinic Hos- pital, New York, in gynaecology and surgery.

T^DWIN AVERY, proprietor and editor J^V^, of the Sherbrooke News-Letter, was born in 1836, at London, Eng. He was educated privately, and attended the early morning classes at University College, also the Workingmen's College. He was engaged in the auditor's office, St. Leonard, Shore, ditch; in the office of the clerk to the Guardians; was junior clerk to the Guard- ians of the Royal Parish of St. Martin, and clerk to the Guardians of the Ful- ham Union. In 1867 he came to Can- ada, and was made deputy clerk of the peace at Cayuga, afterwards articled to the present Judge Burton. In 1873 to 1874 he was bursar and English master of Bishop's College School, Lennoxville. He was then engaged in different capacities until 1883, when he went on the Sherbrooke Gazette. In November, 1895, he started the News-Letter, which is destined to become a well-known paper. Mr. Avery is a member of the I.O.F. and Eastern Townships Press Association. He is also deputy coroner for the District of St. Francis, and, in politics, an Independent. Married in July, 1864, to Emma Vincent.

EDWIN AVERY.

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293

V/KKY REV. J. H. ROY, Superior

* of the Seminary of Sherbrooke, was born June gth, 1850, at Cap de la Madeleine, County of Cham- plain, Oue. He is the son of Moise Roy, engineer, and Julie La Treille. He made his commercial course at the Christian Brothers' Academy, Three Rivers, and his classical course at Mont- real College. After passing six years with the Christian Brothers, teaching in Quebec, he removed to Montreal, and when twenty years of age was Principal of St. James' Academy (800 pupils) on St. Denis street. In Ottawa, where he founded the Catholic Commercial Academy, he joined the secular clergy. He received his theological training in Masson College and Sher- brooke Seminary, and in 1878 was ordained priest by the late Right Rev. Bishop Racine, of Sher- brooke. From 1875 to the present time Very. Rev. Father Roy has identified himself with the Seminary of Sherbrooke. A born pedagogue, possessed of a great knowledge of men and things, and animated with zeal for the Christian edu- cation of youth, Father. Roy has, in his stay of twenty- one years in Sherbrooke, made of the then small col- lege of Sherbrooke a first- class seminary, comprising now a staff of twenty-eight teachers and two hundred boarders. He hasbeen suc- cessively professor of the business class, penmanship, drawing, and vocal music. Father Roy was in 1888 named president of the in- stitution composed of three

departments : theological, classical, and commercial. Notwithstanding the mul- tifarious occupations inherent to the position of a president of a seminary, the Very Rev. Father Roy has con- tinued to teach his former classes, aggregating to five hours' teaching each day. His scholarly attainments and indefatigable efforts as a teacher make him one of the most noted college prin- cipals in Canada. For the benefit of his pupils he published, in 1892, a com- mercial arithmetic, which is greatly appreciated by the educators and com- mercial population of the Eastern Townships.

294

CANADA.

TOUIS ANTOINE DASTOUS, JL flour, grain, and provision mer- ^^ chant, Sherbrooke, Que., was born in the city of Quebec, September 2Qth, 1840. He is the son of Louis Dastous and Marie Elizabeth Hamel, of Quebec. Mr. Dastous was educated at the Christian Brothers' Academy and Thorn's Academy in Quebec. When fifteen years of age he entered the firm of Messrs. A. Laurie & Co., wholesale dry-goods merchants, Quebec, with whom he continued fifteen years. He was then with Messrs. William Mc- Limout and McCall, Shehyn & Co., .of the same city, for a time, after which

he was manager of the Sun's Life French department for Montreal and district. He resigned that position in May, 1894, to join his son, L. E. M. Dastous, in the flour, grain, and pro- vision business at Sherbrooke, which is carried on under the style of " The Macfarlane Milling Co.," one of the best known industries in Sherbrooke, and one of the best known firms among grain producers in Canada. They pur- chase largely from the districts sur- rounding them, also get immense supplies from Ontario, Manitoba, and the Northwest Territories. This firm was established in 1876 by Mr. Mal- colm Macfarlane ; but for some years previous to the present proprietorship was managed by Mr. H. E. Macfarlane and Mr. E. W. Farwell. Death carried off Mr. Macfarlane, Jr., in the prime of life, and, Mr. Far- well retiring, Mr. Macfar- lane, Sr., disposed of the business to our subject and his son, as already stated. In religion Mr. Dastous is a Roman Catholic. He has been married three times ; first to Miss Margaret Jane Murray, daughter of the late John Murray, artist, Quebec ; second to Miss Leopoldine Gauvreau, daughter of Louis Narcisse Gauvreau, Notary Public of Isle Verte, and niece of the late Sir Narcisse Fortunat Belleau ; and third to Ma- dame Juliana Hainault, widow of the late Dr. Tranchemontagne, of Beau- harnois, Que. His family consists of two sons and five daughters. Mr. Dastous is respected by all.

MKN OF CANADA.

TOUIS EMMANUEL

I MURRAY DAS-

^® TOUS, manager and a member of the firm of The Macfarlane Milling Company, of Sherbrooke, Que., was born August 2nd, 1863, in Quebec, Que. He is a son of Louis Antoine Dastous and Margaret Jane Dastous, iice Murray ; the former a son of Louis Das- tous, provision merchant, in Quebec, and the latter daughter of the late John Murray, artist. Mr. Das- tous was educated in the English and Commercial Academy, Normal School, and Seminary of Quebec. He commenced business life as general merchant at Rimouski, at the age of seventeen. In 1883 he en- tered, as clerk, the office of A. W. Ogilvie & Co., of Montreal. In 1887 went into the office of J. H. Gen- dron, wholesale grain and Hour merchant of Sher- brooke, and six months afterwards was manager of the firm. In 1890 he formed a new firm composed of the members of the Macfarlane Milling Co., and of himself, under the name and style of Dastous, Farwell & Co., wholesale grain, flour, and commission merchants. In May, 1894, he with his father bought out the interests of the Macfarlane Milling Co., under which name business is still con- tinued. The capital invested represents $50,000, and the company is one of the most prosperous in the district of St. Francis. It may be added that, owing to the modern machinery put in, and the close attention paid to the conduct of the business by the two partners,

the flour sold by this firm has attained a sure hold on the local Canadian market. The best known brands are " Our Glory," " Hecuba," " Luly," and " Patent Imperial." This firm is also the possessors of several gold and silver medals, won at various industrial exhibitions. In religion Mr. Dastous is a Roman Catholic ; in politics an Independent. He was married August 2nd, 1893, to Miss Marie Dorilda Alix LeBlanc, daugh- ter of E. LeBlanc, Esq., of the firm of LeBlanc & Lemay, clothiers, Ottawa, Ont. His family consists of two daughters.

296

1VIEN

CANADA.

JAMES SIMPSON MIT- CHELL, head of the firm of J. S. Mitchell & Co., iron and hardware merchants, Sherbrooke, Que., was born April 2ist, 1852, at Ascot, near Lennoxville, Que. He is of Scotch parentage, being the fifth son of Mr. William Mitchell, one of Ascot's pioneer farmers, who came to Canada from Aberdeenshire in 1834. Mr. Mitchell was educated at the district schools, graduating at the Sherbrooke Academy. After a thorough training in the iron and hardware business, in 1877 ne entered into partnership with the late Colonel Lucke. -The new firm

of Lucke & Mitchell was eminently successful from the outset, the partnership thus formed proving to be the foundation of what is now the largest wholesale hardware firm in the East- ern Townships. Its busi- ness extends not only throughout the Eastern Townships, but spreads con- siderably beyond the bor- ders of the Piovince of Quebec. Colonel Lucke dying in 1894, the firm was dissolved, and the business continued under the name of J. S. Mitchell & Co. Mr. Mitchell's commercial suc- cess can be attributed to unswerving attention to business, an able grasp of details, and upright, honor- able dealing. He has sev- eral times been solicited to accept municipal honors, but was forced to decline on the ground that his large business demanded his whole attention. He has sat as a member of the Board of Protestant School Commissioners for the city of Sher- brooke, and also took a deep interest in the formation of the Sherbrooke Board of Trade, was a member of its council for some years, and in 1895 was unanimously elected president. He was again re-elected president in 1896. He is president of the Sherbrooke Curl- ing Club, and vice-president of St. George's Club. In 1878 Mr. Mitchell married Isabella, eldest daughter of the late Malcolm McKechnie. His family consists of one son and two daughters, the former a student at Bishop's College. In politics Mr. Mitchell is a Conservative,

MEN OP CANADA.

297

/QHARLES WALTER GATE,

^ _^^ Advocate, Sherbrooke, Que., was born in Stanstead, Que- bec, in April, 1855. He was educated at Stanstead Wesleyan College, and studied law under indenture to Judge- White. He was admitted to practice in December, 1880, and shortly after became a member of the legal firm of Hall, White, Panneton & Gate. Upon the appointment of the senior member as Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench, the firm became White & Cate, and, later, White, Cate & Wells. By the recent elevation of Mr. Justice White to the Superior Court Bench for the

District of St. Francis, Mr. Cate be- came the senior member of one of the oldest and best known firms in the Eastern Townships, and is now prac- tising under the name of Cate & Wells. He has held the offices of Secretary and Syndic of the St. Francis Bar, and has always shown a strong interest in matters affecting the welfare of the city, having occupied the positions of president of the Young Men's Christian Association, and secretary of the Library and Art Union. His friends hope he may be long spared for still greater usefulness. In politics Mr. Cate is a Conservative.

298

CANADA.

JOSEPH ALPHONSE CAMI- RAND, Advocate, Sherbrooke, Que., was born there Dec. 3rd, 1845. He is the son of Olivier Her- cule Camirand and Tersile Gauthier. His parents came from Three Rivers to Sherbrooke in 1835, thus being among its earliest settlers. Mr. Camrrand was educated at St. Joseph College, Three Rivers, after which he took up the study of law, and was admitted to practice in December, 1871, since which time he has practised his profes- sion most successfully in Sherbrooke. He has also been identified with the municipal affairs of Orford, has been

councillor for the Township of Orford for fifteen years, and Mayor of said township for four years, which shows the estimation in which he is held by his fellow-citizens. He is at present president of Good Roads' Association of the Province of Quebec, a director in the Dairy Association, director of the Societe Generale des Eleveurs, proprietor of the Sherbrooke Creamery, etc., etc. In politics he is a Conserva- tive ; in religion a Roman Catholic. Mr. Camirand was married May 2ist, 1891, to Malvina, daughter of Lazare Durocher, Esq., of Sherbrooke, Que. His family consists of three children.

IUKN OP CANADA.

299

JOSEPH liDOUARD GEN- EST, Advocate, and Editor of Lc Progris de /' Est, Sher- bn><>kr, (Jue., was born March 4th, 1854, at Gentilly, Que. His parents were Joseph V. Genest and Appolline Turcotte, the former mail clerk on the C. P. R., between Three Rivers and Montreal, and the latter a sister of the late Hon. J. E. Turcotte, of Three Rivers, and the late Dr. L. U. Tur- rntte, of Sorel. Mr. Genest received his classical education at St. Joseph College, Three Rivers, where he made :i brilliant course. He studied law at Three Rivers, and was admitted to the

Bar in 1879. He then practised five years at Three Rivers, and located in Sherbrooke in February, 1885, bein^ since May, 1894, a member of the firm of Camirand & Genest. He has been twice elected secretary of the Bar of St. Francis. Mr. Genest has also done a good deal of newspaper work ; edited in Three Rivers, L'liclair, Le Constitu- tionnel, Le Clairon ; was assistant-editor of Le Progrh de I1 Est from 1885 to 1891, and since that time editor-in- chief. In politics he is an active Liberal. Mr. Genest was married Nov. 2 ist, 1892,10 Isabella, daughter of James Bradley, Esq., of St. Maurice, Quebec.

300

CANADA.

TEONARD ELIE CHAMBER-

Jl LAIN, dry goods merchant,

^»® Sherbrooke, Que., was born in 1865 in that city. His parents were O. Chamberlain and Precille Lefebvre. Mr. Chamberlain received his education at the public schools, and at St. Charles Borrome College, Sherbrooke, Que. After completing his studies in 1879 he worked for a few years in dif- ferent stores in Sherbrooke. He then went to Montreal, where for a number of years he was employed in some of the largest establishments of the Cana- dian commercial metropolis, gaining a fine knowledge of mercantile affairs.

He returned to Sherbrooke in 1892, and started business on his own account, establishing the dry goods business known as the "Bon-Ton Dry Goods Stores." He employs a large staff of clerks, does one of the largest retail trades in Sherbrooke, and is regarded as one of the most reliable and substan- tial business men of the city. In poli- tics Mr. Chamberlain is a Conservative ; in religion a Roman Catholic. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Foresters. He was married in 1890 to Minnie Alice Mullins, daughter of Michael and Celia (Little) Mullins, of Coaticook, Que.

MEN OP CANADA.

BIRON, manu- facturer of carriages, East Sherbrooke, Oue., was born in Ascot, Que., Sept. i6th, 1838. His father was John Biron, who located in Ascot in 1825. In 1845 he went to the United States, locating in Manchester, N.H., where he resided twelve years. While in that country with his parents our subject received his education. At the age of twelve years he began his business career, and now has the largest carnage factory in the Eastern Town- ships, employing a large number of skilled workmen. He is in every sense of the word a self-made man, having

risen step by step from a working lad to his present honorable position as manager and proprietor of a large busi- ness. Mr. Biron also occupies the office of Justice of the Peace for his district. In religion he is a Roman Catholic ; in politics an Independent. He was married Feb. 2oth, 1860, to Miss Zoe Biron. His family consists of twelve children, five sons and seven daughters. His mother's maiden name was Joset£ Jaennell ; she died in 1860, and the father in 1861. Four of his children are now deceased, while the others occupy honorable positions in the social and business world.

302

CANADA.

LONG, manufacturer of school desks, etc., Sherbrooke, Que., was born in that place April igth, 1853. His parents were William Long and Clementine Carver, natives of England. The former left the Old Land in his youth, and located in Sherbrooke. Our subject received his education at the public schools of his birthplace. His father was em- ployed in the line of manufacturing for many years, and at his death Mr. Long succeeded to the business, which is now the largest of the kind in that vicinity. He employs a large number of workmen, and his business is one

highly valued by the citizens of Sher- brooke. He makes a specialty of house- furnishings, viz., sash, doors, and mouldings, and Paragon school desks, the latter having attained a high repu- tation all over the Dominion. The best of wood is used in the manufacture of this furniture, and only skilled work- men employed. In religion Mr. Long is a member of the Methodist Church, holding the office of trustee. He was married June I4th, 1882, to Miss Flora Drake, daughter of Perry Drake, of Compton, Que. His family consists of five children, two sons and three daughters.

MKN OP CANADA.

30.?

JA. M. ELIE, M.D., practising • physician and surgeon, Sher- brooke, Que., was born at La Baic, Oue., April 22nd, 1852. His father was S. Elie, of La Baie, a well- known agriculturist ; his mother's maiden name was Emelie Houle; both of French descent and natives of the Province of Quebec. Dr. Elie began his education at Nicolet College, and after completing his classical course took up the study of medicine at the Ecole de Medicine et de Chirurgie de Montreal, graduating with the degree of M.D. in 1879. He at once began his profession in Boucherville, Que.,

afterwards removing to Windsor Mills, and finally to Sherbrooke in 1883, where he has secured a fine practice. He is a member of St. Francis Medical Association, and a man especially de- voted to his duty and his profession. Dr. Elie is the proprietor of "The Medical Hall," an elegant and popular drug store of his city ; he is also the manufacturer of a great cough remedy, " The Electric Syrup." But he cares more for domestic pleasure than wealth, and, above all, the happiness of his wife and four children receives his best attention. In religion Dr. Elie is a Roman Catholic.

3°4

MEN

CANADA.

SAMUEL, merchant, Sher- brooke, Que., was born in the city of Suwalk, Russia, and came to this country in 1866. At the age of sixteen he was a dry goods commercial traveller, which line he followed until 1870. In July, 1870, he married Miss Sarah Kellert. In 1871 he joined the firm of Kellert & Fried- man, wholesale dry goods merchants, on St. Paul street, Montreal. In 1877 he severed his connections with this house, and began alone in liquors, cigars, and tea, carrying on business in the wholesale line. In 1879 he sold out and established himself as merchant

in Sherbrooke, Que., as wholesale and retail dry-goods merchant, and by hard work and close attention has increased his trade to the largest of the kind in the Eastern Townships. He carries at the present time between $60,000 and $65,000 stock of dry goods, carpets, and millinery, and everything requisite in the line of dry goods. Mr. Samuel has also the enviable reputation of being an honest and upright dealer, and has the entire confidence and esteem of all who come in contact with him, and his friends hope he may long enjoy the success he has so honorably achieved.

MEN OP CANADA.

305

TEVVIS ALBERT BAYLEV, ^1^ general dry goods and carpet ^® merchant, Sherbrooke, Que., was born February nth, 1863, in Compton, Que. He was educated at East Hatley and Coaticook Academy. In 1883 Mr. Bay ley went to Lowell, Mass., where he was employed in one of the largest dry goods houses in that city. After remaining there several years he went to Boston, filling a and afterwards came Here he engaged with D. Morkill & Co., as clerk, and in two years was manager. He subsequently took over the business

similar position to Sherbrooke. the firm of K.

which is now owned by him. Not only has he kept up all the old connections, but by his enterprise and judgment is continually gaining new ones. He owns A handsome store, and to a great extent has the cream of the dry-goods trade of the Townships. Mr. Bay ley imports as much as possible from the manufac- turers, thus saving his customers the profits of the middlemen. This gives him an advantage over competitors, which purchasers are not slow to appre- ciate. In religion he is an Episcopalian ; in politics a Conservative. He was married to the daughter of M. Mc- Kechnie, Esq., merchant.

306

MEN

CANADA.

Y\/ARREN SIDNEY DRES- r \ SER, Insurance Underwriter, Sherbrooke, Que., was born at Richmond, Que., March 3Oth, 1852. He spent his youth on a farm, receiving a limited education, closing with a short season at St. Francis College. De- pendent entirely upon his own exertions, he has steadily made his way. In 1874 he removed to Sherbrooke, where for ten years he was employed, chiefly as bookkeeper. In 1877 he married the eldest daughter of the late Captain John Woodward. In 1884 he engaged in the insurance business, to which he added by purchase an old-established

business in 1889. Mr. Dresser is looked upon as a most judicious and progressive insurance man. In 1891 he drafted a new tariff of rates for dwellings in Sherbrooke, containing certain new features, which has since been adopted and inserted in the general tariff by the Canadian Underwriters' Association. Mr. Dresser takes an active part in all public matters affect- ing the welfare of Sherbrooke ; has served as a member of the City Council, is an active member of the Council of the Board of Trade, and is identified with many of the public institutions of the city.

MKN OF CANADA.

307

^\/ ALTER BLUE, manufacturer r\ of clothing, Sherbrooke, Que., was born in Renfrewshire, Scotland, in 1849. His parents were Alexander and Lillias (Muir) Blue. Mr. Blue was educated at the public schools in his native town, where he received a sound practical training. In 1879 he came to Canada and located in Sherbrooke, where he started in the retail clothing business. In 1889 he started the manufacture of clothing, wholesale, and since that time has built up a business of large proportions, and has won an enviable reputation for his goods, considering the short time inbusi-

ness. He has made rapid strides in building up a permanent connection and an enviable record. His word and his wares are good for their face value wherever known, and as he is now only in his prime greater success doubtless awaits him. In politics Mr. Blue is a Conservative, and a strong believer in the National Policy. He has never held any political office, however, his many business cares claiming all his attention. In religion he is a member of the Congregational Church. Mrs. Blue died in 1893, leaving a family of four children, two sons and two daugh- ters.

CANADA.

G G. BRYANT, the present • Mayor of Sherbrooke, Que., contractor and manufacturer of sashes, doors, blinds, and general house furnishings, was born at Stanstead, Que., in March, 1833. His father was W. E. Bryant, cabinetmaker, and his mother was Clarissa Barnett, both now deceased. His parents were natives of the United States, but came to Canada in 1830, locating at Stanstead ; but after fifteen years removed to Sherbrooke. Mr. Bryant was educated at Sherbrooke Academy. He began business life in the employ of his father. In 1860 he started business for himself as con-

tractor, and ten years later commenced as manufacturer in Sherbrooke. He was first elected councillor of the city in 1884 ; in 1889 and in 1896 was elected Mayor, the highest honor in the gift of the citizens. In politics he is a Liberal- Conservative ; in religion a Methodist, being a member of the Quarterly Board, etc., etc. He is also vice-presi- dent of the Sherbrooke Protestant Hos- pital and a member of the Masonic Order. Mr. Bryant was married Janu- ary 8th, 1856, to Alicia, youngest daughter of the late John Hall, of Ire- land. His family consists of three daughters.

MKN OP CANADA.

309

\\f\LUAU WHITE,

VV Judge of the Su- perior Court of the Province of Quebec, Sher- brooke, Que., was born May 28th, 1836, in the city of Quebec. After completing his studies at the High School of that city, he was admitted to the study of law in Quebec in June, 1864, being indentured to the Hon. C. C. Colby, of Stanstead; but subsequently removed to Sherbrooke, his indentures being transferred to Judge Hall, who was at that time practising in Sher- brooke. He was admitted to practice in June, 1868, and almost immediately after entered into partnership with Judge Hall, with whom he continued until May, 1890. In 1880-2 Mr. White was Battonier of the section, and Battonier- General of the Bar in 1882; again Battonier of the section in 1 886 ; delegate from the St. Francis section to the General Council for two years, and in June, 1895, was again elected Battonier-General, which office he held at the time of his appointment to the Bench. Judge White also held the position of Crown prosecutor in Sherbrooke from 1883 to 1888, and was reappointed in 1891. In this capacity- he had scope to exhibit his great legal ability and scholarly attainments. He received the degree of LL.M. from Bishop's College in 1886. For many years he had taken a great interest in the municipal affairs of Sherbrooke, and in 1886 was elected Mayor. He was also the first chairman of the Board of Protestant School Commissioners, which

office he held from 1875 to 1880. He was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Quebec, succeeding Mr. Justice Brooks, and his elevation to that office was well merited and one which met with general approval. Being a man of sound and impartial judgment, his rulings continue to meet with the public approbation. Judge White was married in 1870 to Miss M. C. Dickinson, and has a family of two sons and two daughters. His eldest son was admitted to the Bar in January, 1896, and the other is in the Eastern Townships Bank, Sherbrooke.

3io

MEN

CANADA.

ZEPHIR1N PIERRE CORMIER.

PIERRE CORMIER, hat- ter and furrier, Sherbrooke, Que., was born in the year 1841 at Three Rivers, Q.ue. His parents were of French descent, and well-known residents of that part of the country. Mr. Cormier received his educa- tion at the College of Three Rivers, gaining a good practical education. After com- pleting his studies he decided on a mercan- tile career, and, believing the fur trade a desirable one from many standpoints, be- came familiar with all the details of that business. He then established himself in Sherbrooke as hatter and furrier, where he has met with gratifying success. He im- ports from the best markets in the world, and his goods are always carefully selected and reliable. Mr. Cormier also stands high in the estimation of his fellow-citizens, being regarded by all as a man of the strictest honor and integrity. For many years he has taken a very active, energetic interest in the municipal affairs of Sherbrooke, and has occupied the position of councillor. In reli- gion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.

. R.D.IRWIN, Rector of Chambly, Que., was born in Galway, Ire- land, in 1845. He received his education at Bishop's College, Lennoxville. Spent one year teaching on Magdalen Islands. In 1866-67 assisted Ven. Archdeacon Lindsay as lay reader. Ordained in 1870 ; then spent eighteen months as assistant to Rural Dean Robinson, in Clarendon, and two years at Franktown, Ont., curate to late Arch- deacon Fatten ; at Belleville for six months, then locum tenens at St. Peter's, Brockville, during the absence of the rector, for three years. Rector of Grace Church, Canton, N.Y., and three years at Philipsburg, Que., where he married Sarah B. Russell. He then went to Minnesota for three years and a half, returned to Rougemont, Que., remain- ing five years, then Lakefield, Que., for eight years, and in July, 1894, came to his present charge. Mr. Irwin's influence for good has been felt on every circuit where he has min- istered, and his power is equally good in Chambly. This is one of the old Crown rectories situated on the banks of the Riche- lieu.

REV. R. D. IRWIN.

MEN OF CANADA.

AMUEL THOS.

'WILLKTT, munu facturer, Chambly Canton, Que., was born Nov. ist, 1824, at L'Acadie, Que. His parents were Mahlon and Margaret (Cooper) Willett, the former being the founder of the existing manufacturing in- terests at Chambly. He began manufacturing at L'Acadie, and in 1830 re- moved to Chambly and laid the foundation of the now vast establishment at that point. In 1845 he largely increasecVthe business, which he continued until 1848, when our subject took pos- session, and turned his at- tention to the manufacture of tweeds until 1861. He then conceived the idea that there was a large consump- tion of flannels in this coun- try, all being imported, and accordingly began manufac- turing in this line, continu- ing until 1889, having at that time an immense manu- factory. In that year the over-production of flannels caused a depression in that branch of business, and he was again forced to adopt a new line. He then commenced the manu- facture of ladies' fancy dress goods, cloakings, and coat linings, which he is now making extensively. In 1881 he built a large cotton mill, which he leased to the Chambly Cotton Co. Mr. Willett is also proprietor of a shovel, spade, and scoop factory, which has a large capacity ; and there is also a grist mill attached to this valuable property. " The Manor House," Mr. Willett's residence, occu- pies a position fronting the mill pro- perty, with grounds of five acres. It is

L

built on the old English style, and has a frontage of- 102 feet. He is also an extensive real estate owner. Mr. Willett has been Mayor of Chambly Canton continuously since 1873, trustee of School Board, etc., etc. In religion he is a Methodist; in politics a Liberal. He ran for the Commons for Chambly County in 1878, but was defeated by a small majority. Mr. Willett married. in 1849, Miss L. P. Andres, of Chambly. His family consists of two sons and one daughter, the eldest son, Brock Willett, now assisting in the management of the factory at Chambly.

312

MEN OF CANADA.

JOSEPH DE ST. LOUIS, dit Lajeunesse of Chambly Basin, father of the celebrated singer, Madame Albani, was born at St. Mar- tin's, Isle Jesus, in 1822. Mr. de St. Louis studied classics for six years at St. Therese College. He then spent two years as sculptor ; leaving this pursuit, he studied medicine for five years, but finally devoted his attention to music. From 1842-46 he was in the United States. Returning to Canada he gave lessons on the harp and piano. He was married in 1842 to Melina Mignault. Nov. ist, 1847, Marie Louise Emma Cecilia de St. Louis was born,

afterwards known to the world as Madame Albani. She became devoted to music at an early age. When five years old she went with her father to the United States, where she learned English and Greek; at the age of nine she en- tered the Convent of the Sacred Heart, Sault au Recollet, Canada, where she remained five years, and removing from there to Al- bany, N.Y., became organist of a church. At this early age she showed her wonder- ful ability by adapting a piece of music by Mendel- ssohn, composed for the piano, to the organ. She then went to Milan, Italy, to study operatic music under Lamperti. After seven months she engaged for the Messine Opera in Sicily. After a few months in Italy, Albani went to Malta — there she sang in eight operas, and was con- sidered a great musical pro- digy, carrying her audiences by storm. She then proceeded to Lon- don, England, where her success was assured and her name made famous in the Old World. She has been known on the occasion, seeing her audience was composed chiefly of Germans, to change the language of the opera to suit that nationality — an act never ac- complished by any other singer. Albani is the name of a noble Italian family. Madame Albani has been seven times decorated by Queen Victoria and other sovereigns of Europe. Mr. de St. Louis is a Roman Catholic. He has, besides Madame Albani, one daughter and a son, the latter a priest at St. Calixte.

MKN OK CANAOA.

3«3

/CHARLES AMHDE ALLARD, L Chambly Basin, Que., was

^—^S> born in Chambly, Que., April 28th, 1848. His father was J. F. Allard, a prominent agriculturist in Chambly, and Seigneur of Faucault. He was for many years Lieut. -Colonel in the Militia, and was one of the founders of Le Banquedu Peuple, Mon- treal. His mother was Adelphine Bathilde Soupras, a native of St. Mathias, Rouville County. Mr. Allard received his education at St. Mary's College, Montreal, and privately under Pierre Garneau, of Montreal. On leav- ing college he went as midshipman with

Commodore Fortin, serving for two years. In 1865 he again located in Chambly. Nov. iith, 1867, he married Amelia D'Avignon, daughter of Dr. D'Avignon, of Longueuil. He then undertook the management of his father's farm, and has carried on farm- ing operations at Chambly to the pres- ent time. In politics he is the Liberal chief in his parish, always taking a most active part in the interests of his party. In religion he is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. His family consists of three daughters and one son. The former are living at home, while the latter is in the Merchants' Bank of Halifax.

MEN

CANADA.

TV LFRED DUQUETTE, violinist, ^cy Montreal, Que., was born in ^^ Oswego, New York, March i5th, 1853. His father was Peter Du- quette, a merchant of that city. Mr. Duquette received his education in the schools of Oswego, continuing his studies at Montreal College. He com- menced the study of violin playing at the age of twelve years, under Jules Hone, Montreal ; afterwards for two years in Boston Conservatory of Music, graduating in 1873. He then returned to Canada, and for seven and one-half years was instructor iti the piano and violin in St. Joseph's College, Ottawa,

Out. He then went to New York City, where he remained for one year as teacher, then returned to Montreal, where he has since resided, having to-day one of the largest classes of pupils in the city. In 1894 he organized the Montreal Symphony Orchestra, being elected president of the same, and again elected in 1 895 by acclamation. He is also president of the Montreal Musical Union, which was organized in May, 1894. In religion he is a Roman Catholic; in politics a Liberal. June 26th, 1878, he married Cordelia La- valle, daughter of Augusta Lavalle, manufacturer of musical instruments.

BARR1E

IN running from Toronto north to Barrie by the Grand Trunk, for many miles before we reach Allandale we pass through a splendid agricultural country, being the southern part of the largest and most important county in Ontario, viz., the County of Simcoe, which is also one of the wealthiest, its assessment reaching $36,000,000. We naturally expect a county town to represent fitly so fine a county, nor will Dame disappoint us. On pulling up at Allandale (now incorporated with Barrief and forming its sixth ward), a scene of rare beauty lies unfolded to us. Built round the head of Kempenfeldt Bay, and stretching along one side of it — with a shore line of three miles — lies the Town of Barrie, rising in beautiful natural terraces, which have been utilized for the streets, each with its panorama of fine buildings, trees, spires, etc., until the highest terrace gives us the stately residences of the wealthier citizens with splendid masses of trees and park, whilst east and west the picture fades into the pine-crowned hills of Vespra or melts into the unclouded blue of the sky above. Be- neath and in front of all lies the most exquisite stretch of water in Ontario, dotted with steamer and sail, and reflecting each beauty of earth and sky in its limpid depths. The scene well deserves the exclamation made by many a traveller : " The Naples of America ! "

But whilst waiting at the Allandale station we learn something of the earlier history of Barrie, and of the secret of its wealth and importance. In 1872 the famous Yonge street and Penetanguishene road was com- pleted, and a Hudson Bay store opened where Barrie, in 1810, was founded. Origi- nally it was laid out on Kempenfeldt jHill,

3>5

but the " westward course of empire " changed its site to where it is at present, and Mr. Sanford opened the first store in 1810,. Since then the growth has bten steady and unchanging. It became a separ- ate municipality in 1853, when the railway was opened to Allandale, and took the added dignity of a town in 1870, the first mayor being Mr. Robert Simpson. Its wealth and importance are in part accounted for by the fact that it is the centre of the Northern system of the Grand Trunk, and this gives rapid and easy connection with all parts of Canada, between fifty and sixty trains (pas- senger and freight) leaving daily. Besides this, the -steamers "Enterprise," " I slay,'' " Lillie," " Conqueror," and others, put the town in constant communication with all ports on Lake Simcoe. When the Trent Valley canal — on which the work is now being vigorously pushed — . is completed, Atlantic liners will lie at the wharves of this busy town.

But the whistle sounds, and after a three- minute run along the very water's edge of the beautiful bay, we pull up at the Central Station, and are at once in the heart of Barrie's busiest street. Granolithic pave- ments, splendid public buildings, handsome stores, etc., meet us on all hands. Barrie is the centre of a particularly fine farming and fruit country, and the magnificent trade done by its merchants warrants their going annually to Europe to purchase their stock directly. In addition to this, the town's commercial and manufacturing interests are very extensive, comprising five mills, six large factories and several smaller ones, a tannery, two breweries, three boat building establishments, etc., their financial interests being thoroughly served by three banks,

3i6

OF CANADA.

whilst the commercial traveller luxuriates at such first-class hotels as The Queen's, Barrie, Wellington, Clarkson, American, Royal, Simcoe, Vespra, and others. As befits so important a town, the public buildings are large and handsome, and comprise, among others, the town hall, built at a cost of $20,000, and seating 800 ; the fine brick court house, a large stone gaol, a post office which cost $40,000, a large convent, the armory of the 35th Battalion, a music hall with seating capacity for 800 or goo, and a new opera house seat- ing 1,200, which in its appointments— though, of course, not in size — is superior to anything in Canada.

But among the public buildings we must not overlook the fine Collegiate Institute nor the four handsome schools — three Public and one Separate. The educational advan- tages of Barrie are equal to those of any town or city in Canada. Indeed the Col- legiate Institute, founded as a grammar school in 1844 under Mr. Francis Gore, is almost historic, and many of Canada's fore- most men have been educated within its walls. Among these may be mentioned Justice Osier, Justice Falconbridge ; Judges Ardagh and Boys, of Barrie ; Lane, of Owen Sound ; Ardagh, of Winnipeg ; Creasor, of Grey; Dean, of Lindsay; McCarthy, of Dufferin ; Morgan, of Toronto ; Mahaffy, of Bracebridge ; the three foremost Canadian counsel of the day, i.e., Messrs. D'Alton McCarthy, M.P., B. B. Osier, and Wm. Lount; Professor Wm. Osier, of Johns Hopkins University ; Professors Hume, of Toronto, and Eraser, of Montana ; Hon. Charles Drury, H. H. Strathy, Q.C., Col. Tyrwhitt, M.P., Inspector Morgan, M.A., S. Lount, Registrar, and many others. The schools employ thirty-three teachers in all, and under the fostering care of Inspector Morgan, who has held his position for twenty-five years, their work is not to be surpassed by that of any town in Canada. In addition, Barrie boasts a finely-equipped

Mechanics' Institute, with a public library of about 5,000 volumes, and also several flourishing literary societies.

From schools we naturally turn to the kindred educational agencies — the Church and the Press. Barrie is essentially a churchgoing town, and some of the edifices are very fine. In looking across the bay from Allandale three handsome tinned spires point the way heavenward ; these are Trinity Church (Anglican), St. Mary's (Roman Catholic), built by Dean (now Bishop) O'Connor, at a cost of $16,000, and the Collier Street Methodist Church. Besides these the Presbyterian, the Baptist, the Elizabeth Street Methodist, the Con- gregational, and the Reformed Episcopal bodies have built handsome churches, and the Salvation Army, besides several other religious organizations, hold regular meet- ings. The music in several of the churches is excellent, there being three large pipe organs in the town. Trinity Church, with its large and efficient choir under Mr. J. C. Morgan, organist, leads the way with a full cathedral service every Sunday evening, and the Methodist, Roman Catholic, Presby- terian, and Reformed Episcopal bodies, also possess excellent choirs. Each church, also, has attached to it a large Sunday School, and the various guilds and ecclesiastical societies of different sorts connected with the different denominations are in a flourishing condition. The literary character of the town is proved by its really excellent news- papers. The Advance is the oldest, pub- lished first in 1847 under the name The Magnet, which was changed in 1852, when Mr. Wesley (the present proprietor) became its owner. The Examiner, the leading Reform journal, was established in 1864, and its confrere, the Gazette, in 1876. Few towns can boast of three such representa- tives of the Fourth Estate.

Nor is Barrie less desirable as a residen- tial town when viewed from its social side. It was settled very many years ago by a

MEN OP CANADA.

3»7

large number of the English gentry, and the social life of fifty years ago still survives in many charming ways, with the result that the citizens enjoy plenty of society, recrea- tion, and amusement. From the secret and fraternal society point of view, Barrie stands alone among the towns of Ontario. Every order of any importance is represented, there being no less than thirty-one societies of different kinds. Its Masonic standing is unique. There are 350 names on the regis- ter, among them being five Past Grand Masters, and every branch of orthodox Masonry which the town could have is to be found, and that, too, in a most flourishing condition. The Blue Masons are particu- larly proud of their lodge room, which enjoys the proud distinction of being the most perfectly appointed room in the Dominion.

But if Barrie is celebrated for this ele- ment, it is no less so for its music. The church music is exceptionally good ; our excellent band plays regularly in the square or in a pavilion in one of the three parks during the summer; the Choral Society has given (under Major Ward's baton) the "Creation," "Samson," "Elijah"; the same gentleman manages a most efficient orchestra, which furnishes good music and plays it well ; there is a juvenile orchestra of boys, whose progress has been remarkably rapid ; and, lastly, the operatic society, under Mr. J. C. Morgan, has produced several of Gilbert's comic operas in a way which would have been a credit to profes- sionals. In addition there is a great deal of good music in the home life, many of the citizens being accomplished musicians.

But if less intellectual recreation be sought there is also plenty of that. There are good trout streams in the immediate vicinity ; fine fishing may be obtained at nearly every point in the bay, and still better in the lake ; yachting and rowing can be indulged in galore, while the admirers of riding and driving — who have

become more numerous since the opening here of an establishment for breeding and training racehorses — have the most delight- ful roads on which to enjoy their favorite pastime. The various steamers convey the pleasure seeker at a most moderate charge to idyllic spots on the lake, such as Penin- sular Park, Roach's Point, Strawberry Island, De Grassi Point, etc., etc., and when the electric railway is opened from Barrie through Allandale to Minet's Point, with its fine park and its attendant ferries, no place in Canada will afford so many, so varied, and so health-giving amusements for either tourist or resident. That this is thoroughly appreciated is proved by the large and increasing number of wealthy people who have made Barrie their home, and whose splendid residences, with lawns, shrubberies, and parks, adorn the town wherever you go. Among the finest of these may be mentioned Inchiquin, Blythe, Inglenook, Boulderfell, The Hill, Tollendal, Tynehead, Ardraven, Rockforest, Maplehill, Springbank, Staten- borough, Evenden, etc.

The water and light service of the town is exceptionally good. The water is from artesian wells, and is chemically of absolute purity, besides being always cold. There are seven and a half miles of mains, and the extension is rapidly going on. In case of fire, a most efficient brigade under Chief Smith can command a pressure of 150 Ibs. to the square inch. With a gas company, an electric light company, and the new illuminant, Acetylene, the town is admirably and cheaply lighted. In addition to these advantages, Barrie is the best market town of its size in Ontario, many Toronto mer- chants having resident agents who purchase largely for them, and its position (714 feet above sea level), with splendid drainage, accounts for the fact that it is placed by the provincial health authorities first on the list of towns exempt from disease, so that its admirably equipped hospital is but rarely used.

CANADA.

LATE WILLIAM STRONG, of Bradford, Ont., was born in 1844. He was the son of William Strong and Christina Graham. His parents, who were of Irish birth, came to this country in 1832, where they resided until their death, his father following the business of tannery and shoe manufacturing for several years, but subse- quently turned his attention to agriculture. Mr. Strong was educated at the public schools, after which he learned the boot and shoe business. He located in Bradford, where he carried on business as a merchant in this line up to the time of his death, which occurred April igth, 1883, in his 3Qth year. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and took an interest in educational affairs, being a member of the School Board for many years, etc. In religion he was a Methodist ; in politics a Liberal. Mr. Strong was married twice ; first to Jane, daughter of Thos. Driffill, of Bradford, who died in 1872, leaving one son and two daughters ; and second, in 1873, to Sarah Louise, daughter of Joseph Bingharn, of Bradford. Four children survive this marriage.

WILLIAM STRONG.

JAMES CHOPIN MORGAN.

JAMES CHOPPIN MORGAN, M.A., Public School Inspector for North Simcoe and towns of Barrie, Orillia, Mid- land, and Penetanguishene, was born on the Island of Becquia, West Indies, in 1846. Son of Rev. Canon Edward Morgan, rector of Barrouallie and the Grenadires, West Indies, and later of Barrie, Ont. Mr. Morgan was educated at the Barrie Grammar School, and graduated M.A. at the Univer- sity of Toronto, being a double medallist in modern languages and natural sciences, and prizeman in the last year in seven subjects. Previous to becoming inspector, in 1871, he was first assistant at Church of England School at Weston, and headmaster of United Grammar and Public Schools, Oak- ville. Mr. Morgan holds high offices in several of the leading fraternal societies. In politics a Conservative ; in religion an Episcopalian, superintendent of Sabbath- school, and organist and choirmaster of Trinity Church. He produces one of Gilbert & Sullivan's comic operas annually. Mr. Morgan was married in 1883 to Miss Kate McVittie, of Barrie, and has two children.

OSHAWA

nv

E. CARSWELL.

| UK Town of Oshawa is situated on the -*- old Kingston road, thirty-four miles east of Toronto, one mile north of the G. T. RM and three miles from Lake On- tario. It is one of the prettiest towns in the Dominion ; its streets and avenues are broad and lined with shade trees, and the people show good taste and a love of the beautiful in their homes and surroundings. This is seen not only in the beautiful resi- dences of the rich, but in the cottages of the workingmen, nearly everyone of which has its well-kept lawn and pretty flower garden. Perhaps the reason of this is that nearly every man owns the house in which he lives. Oshawa has, with Cedar Dale, about five thousand inhabitants. The latter joins Oshawa on the south, but it is outside the corporation, and is where the celebrated A. S. Whiting Fork, Scythe, and Hoe Factory is located. Oshawa has for many years been a thriving manufacturing centre, but never had any great water power, as the creek has diminished in size and power as the country to the north has been cleared of its timber. The only industries run by water are the great roller mill and the chopping mill at South Oshawa. Many years ago, when Whitby (four miles west of Oshawa) was made county town, and the railroad to the north began to carry away the country trade to Toronto, the people determined to make this a manufac- turing town, and, in spite of many great fires and some great failures, they have al- ways been united on this one idea ; and from its first little chair factory, with its one old horse to furnish its motive power, it has

grown to be one of the most successful manufacturing towns in Canada, and morn- ing, noon, and evening steam whistles scream in all parts of the town. The R. S. Wil- liams' Piano, Pipe Organ, and Musical In- strument Factory is located here, also the celebrated McLaughlin Carriage Works, whose vehicles are known from Cape Breton to Australia. The largest malleable iron works in the country, although crippled by fire, still keeps at work. Coulthard & Scott, Seed Drill Works, where the celebrated "Buckeye" and "Superior" seeders are made ; Hare's Foundry, Woon's Machine Works, Baile's Stove Foundry, Schofield's Woollen Works, Pedlar's Sheet Iron and Roofing Works, two steam tanneries, and many smaller industries of various kinds, make Oshawa a busy and enterprising town. The place is well supplied with churches, two large Methodist, a beautiful English, a new and costly Roman Catholic, a Presbyterian, Baptist, Christian, Christian Workers, also the Salvation Army in their new and com- modious barracks. Nearly every secret society is represented, and the people have to be very careful not to get the passwords mixed. The Oddfellows are, perhaps, the strongest, having two lodges and one of the best furnished halls in Canada. Old Oshawa Division, No. 35, Sons of Temperance, own their own hall, and deserve particular men- tion because this division has met once a week for forty-seven years without a break. Perhaps this accounts for the absence of a saloon in the town, nor has there been one for thirty-five years, not even a billiard saloon or bowling alley.

320

MEN

CANADA.

Oshawa has a tine Young Ladies' College (Bishop Bethune). The Demill Ladies' College was also located here for the past twenty years, but unfortunately was destroy- ed by fire, and has since been removed to St. Catharines. The town has one of the best built electric roads in America ; it runs from Oshawa-on-the-Lake (which is becom- ing quite a summer resort) to Prospect Park, which is free to the public, though private property. It is owned, and has been fitted up as a pleasure ground, by Mr. Eli Edmondson. There is a fine half-mile cinder track for bicyclists, also tennis courts, base- ball grounds, a grand stand, pavilion — in fact, everything that could make it a first-class pleasure resort, and is becoming very popu- lar. The town is lighted by electric light

(arc and incandescent), and a number of private houses, stores, and factories use it.

The electric railroad has switches to all the factories, and a freight line connecting with the Grand Trunk proper. There are two weekly newspapers, Vindicator (Conserva- tive) and Reformer (Reform). The police consists of one man, and his office is a sine- cure, as all the people, both rich and poor, are busy at some useful occupation, and they have not time to get into mischief. There is seldom a case before the Police Magis- trate, and when there is it is sure to be some unfortunate stranger who has got into the wrong town. The lock-up is called "Hotel de Tramp," as it is occupied exclusively by that fraternity.

CARSWELL, Oshawa, Ont., son of John Carswell, was born in Ware, Eng., Feb. igth, 1832, and came to

Canada in 1835 an^ located in Toronto.

When twelve years of age he went with Col.

Manly Dixon to his farm, then the heart of

the great western forest, near Munceytown,

where he remained two years. He then

returned to Toronto and studied ornamental

painting, and some of the largest and best

panoramas ever painted in Canada were

executed by him. Mr. Carswell is a staunch

advocate of temperance, has held the highest

offices in the S. of T., and in the interests of

this cause has been a popular lecturer

throughout the Dominion and the United

States. It has been said of him that his

pictures, songs, and essays have made his

name familiar in the Old World and the

New, and that had he turned his attention

to politics he would have obtained a seat in

the Canadian Parliament. At the Bar he

would have made a brilliant counsel ; or he

would have made a world-wide reputation as

an artist. He was married May 24th, 1856,

to Miss Rebecca Thomas, since which time

Oshawa has been his home.

MKN or CANADA.

321

J \\IES WHITE PROVAN, Oshawa, was born in Fifeshire, Scotland, Jan. 3oth, 1848, and was educated at the parish school, Ceres, and at Madras College, St. An- drews. At the age of seventeen he became apprenticed to the machinist trade, but after- wards turned to mercantile business, entering a warehouse in Leith. where his services were greatly appreciated. He then came to Can- ada, and took a practical course of mechani- cal work in the establishment of Geo. Morri- son, Hamilton. He was then employed by the Jos. Hall Manufacturing Co., Oshawa, and in 1885 commenced for himself the invention and manufacture of hay-carriers, forks, and slings. His goods have been largely manu- factured in Canada and the United States, and at the World's Fair received the only award given. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and in politics an Indepen- dent. He takes an active interest in muni- cipal affairs, and is a member of the town council. Mr. Provan was married in Osh- awa, in September, 1879, to Euretta Dear- born Hall, daughter of Henry Dearborn, Esq., now of Michigan, U.S.A.

JAMES .WHITE PHOVAN.

LlhUT.-COI.. GEORGE HAMILTON CKIKKSON.

TIEUTENANT-COL. GEORGE HAM- -^v® ILTON GRIERSON, P.M., retired, was born at Halbriggan County, Dublin, Ire- land, May ist, 1812. He is the son ofCapt. John Grierson and Margaret Harriet Cross, both of Irish birth, and now deceased. He was educated by private tuition, and at an early age came to Canada, soon locating at Cobourg, where he remained for twenty years. He then removed to Oshawa in 1848, where he has since resided. Lieut. -Colonel Grierson has always taken an active interest in agricultural pursuits, having large tracts of land under his control. He was -made Under Sheriff in 1834, and acting treasurer of Newcastle District, and in 1878 became Police Magistrate of Oshawa, which office he resigned in April, 1896. Since 1830 he has been connected with the militia, and in 1838 saw active service at Fort Erie. He is yet hale and hearty though well up in \ears. In religion he is an Episcopalian. He was married in 1854 to Louisa, daughter of J. B. Warren, formerly of Kinsale, Ireland. His family consists of three sons and one dauchicr.

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CANADA.

C.KORGE FREDERICK HI.AMEY.

(*^EORGE FREDERICK BLAMEY, Collector of Customs, Oshawa, Ont., was born November 26th, 1833, at Kings- bridge, Devon, England. He is the son of George Blarney, merchant, and Mary (Eddy)Blamey. He was educated by private tuition, and at the Grammar School of his birthplace. At the age of fifteen he entered his father's employ, where he remained five years, then came to America, locating in Hamilton, Ont., and later removing to Oshawa, Ont. After taking up his resi- dence there he associated himself with the firm of Gibbs, Lobb & Co., general mer- chants, with whom he continued for about fifteen years. He then went into the grocery and provision business on his own account, which he continued for ten years, and on Jan. ist, 1882, was appointed to his present posi- tion. He has always taken an active interest in the municipal affairs of his town, having devoted many years to the different offices of the county and town councils, and was reeve for one term. In politics he is a Conserva- tive; in religion a Methodist. Mr. Blarney married Marion French, East Whitby, Ont.

LATE ROBERT HOY, merchant, Orillia, Ont., was born in Montreal, No- vember I4th, 1847. He was the son of John and Mary Hoy. His parents were English, and, after coming to Canada, settled in Montreal, where his father carried on a jewelry and fancy goods business for some years. Our subject received his education in a private school at Carillon, Que., and at the age of fifteen went to Montreal, and became apprenticed to the harnessmaking business. After remaining there about six years he located in Orillia, and after a few months started business on his own account, which he conducted successfully until the time of his death, which occurred November 25th, 1894, in his forty-seventh year. In politics he was a Liberal, although not taking an active part in political or other public affairs, preferring to devote his ex- clusive attention to his large business. He was a strong advocate of temperance and other reform, and a man highly respected by all classes. Mr. Hoy was married in June, 1872, to Margaret, daughter of Donald McLean, of Orillia.

ROBERT HOY.

omujA

HV

REV. JOHN GRAY, D.D.

j[ HREE centuries ago Orillia might be -^- termed Canada's important centre. Over the large area stretching between Lakes Simcoe and Huron were scattered some 50,000 Indians, the largest body of red men to be found in any part of what is now known as the Dominion of Canada. These dusky natives were fairly civilized, and subsisted by manufacturing, agriculture, and fishing. Their commerce appears to have extended beyond Quebec in the east, and as far south as the Gulf of Mexico. It is to be regretted that there are no written records of this remarkable period of their prosperity. Shell, broken pottery, tradition confirmed by the writings of the Jesuit fathers, and numerous relics form convinc- ing proofs of a state of high civilization that existed in this very district three hundred years ago. For this reason Orillia justly claims a higher antiquity than any other part of the Dominion. About fifty years ago a small band of settlers, a few of whom yet survive (1896), located on the site of what is now the Town of Orillia. Prior to this it had been the Indian capital of the great Ojibway tribe. The king or chief Yellowhead resided there until 1841, and had for his palace the former Church of England parsonage. This great chief ruled over 20,000 subjects, the largest Indian kingdom then in Canada, and had for his council chamber the only church in the place until 1852. In this way Orillia has had the honor of being, within fifty years, the capital of the Indian population. About the year 1834 the desirability of Orillia as a place of settlement began to attract the attention of emigrants. Of the pioneers of

that time but few remain, among them Michael Bowers, John Harvie, Mrs. T. Dunn, and Mrs. Leonard Wilson. About 1842 the place was laid out as a village for white settlers, the Indians removing to the south side of Lake Couchiching. In 1851 the population numbered 320, and in 1867 it was severed from the township and incor- porated as a village. Shortly after this it began to increase rapidly, and in 1875 was incorporated as a town, with Mr. M. Millar as the first mayor. The population now (1896) is about 5,000, and great progress in every other respect has been made. Among the many interesting reminiscences of Orillia's pioneer days some names and incidents cannot be omitted. In the year of the cholera scourge, 1833, Mrs. Dunn records that she and another member of her family went to Orillia to get some provi- sions, but there was nothing to be had by way of eatables, not even flour, bran, shorts, or anything of that nature, so they were obliged to return home, take a sheaf from the field, thrash it out and grind the grain in a hand-mill in true highland fashion. At another time Mrs. Dunn was obliged to pay a lodging-house keeper sixpence for a pound of salt. Mr. Robert Bailey arrived in 1833 from Peterboro, having walked the whole distance in eight days. Long jour- neys on foot, under heavy burdens, were not uncommon in those days. A Quaker walked all the way from Kingston to Orillia with a peck of seed potatoes on his back. Mrs. Bailey came up from Lake Simcoe with all her household effects in a flat boat, and came very nearly being swamped in landing, as the only substitute for a wharf

324

CANADA.

was a huge pine tree extending into the water at the point where Capt. Mclnnes' residence now stands. Mrs. Bailey's little daughter, six months old, was the first white child seen in Orillia, and was con- sidered by the Indians " a dear little white curiosity."

The first tavern known in the neighbor- hood was kept at Price's Corners, by Henry Eraser, in 1833, and the first medical man who located in Orillia was John Ardagh. Dr. Skeffington Connor also settled near Marchmont, and remained one season, when he sold out to W. C. Hume. Dr. Connor was a Dublin University man, and had studied theology, medicine, and law, all of which he abandoned in favor of backwoods farming. He finally resumed law, became a leading practitioner, was for years a prominent M.P., and died a judge. Much space might be be used in narrating the struggles and self-denial of those early pioneer days without unduly exalting the noble men .and women who, amidst hard- ships undreamed of by the present genera- tion, laid the foundation of the present splen- did civilization we so generally and almost unconsciously enjoy. As the rapid growth and development of any community depend largely on the extent of its manufacturing interests, it may be desirable to note the first endeavor at the establishment of such industries in Orillia. The first attempt of any kind was made by one Laurence, who sought to conduct a chair factory. A similar attempt was made by Henry Eraser, but with no better result. The honor of starting and continuing the first successful manufac- tory falls upon Mr. James D. Taylor, who began to operate a tannery in 1846, which prospered continuously for many years, and, was finally succeeded by Mr. Wainwright's present establishment, and by another large tannery, the property of C. J. Miller, the present reeve of the town. The town now contains several machine shops and fac- tories. Conspicuous among these are the

extensive carriage factory of the Tudhope Brothers, the buggy and light-cart factory of W. Ramsay, the large window and door and contracting establishment of J. R. Eaton, and the saw and shingle mills of Andrew Tait.

To-day (1896) the merchants conducting the various lines of trade are worthy successors of the hardy, industrious men who have so largely made the history of that part of our northern country, and are well deserving of the high com- mercial character which has gone abroad concerning them. The percentage of busi- ness failures recorded of Orillia in the commercial reports will compare favor- ably with any town in Canada. In record- ing the highest prosperity of a community it is not fitting to omit the influence of the various churches,whose trend in any locality is toward the greatest good to the greatest possible number. The Indians had scarcely settled in Orillia district before a Methodist missionary appeared among them. The first place of worship was a substantial log house, which was used as a church and dwelling-place for the missionary. This primitive landmark was pulled down years ago, having passed into other hands. For many years after the removal of the mis- sionary with the Indians to Rama, Method- ism was in a very low state. Later on, through the efforts of Rev. Mr. McDougall, a new impulse was given to it, and a small church erected. Thus the cause was fos- tered and developed until, in 1869, the present large and comfortable building was erected by Rev. R. Mark. This church has been enlarged as well as improved, making its present seating capacity from 800 to 900. There is also a fine basement Sunday school. This church has been noted, over most Ontario towns, by a succession of able and devoted ministers, who have built up a prosperous cause, and raised the congregation to a leading and influential place in the town. The Rev.

MEN OF CANADA.

325

Mr. Harker, the present minister, is much respected, and has proved a very efficient and successful upholder of the Method- ist Church. When Chief Yellowhead and his band of Indians removed to Kama, the council house was purchased by the Church of England for a place of wor- ship, and the Rev. John Mclntyre made incumbent. This council room, a long, low, barn-like place, was*seated by means of funds raised in Scotland for the erection of a Presbyterian church. For several years this was the only place of worship, and the people were indebted to that church for a resident minister and regular Sabbath ser- vices. During the incumbency of Canon Read, the third rector, a handsome stone church was erected, which was a pure speci- men of the old English style. From the inception of that church in those early days until now, the ministers in charge of the work have been men of piety, learning, and persevering industry, and the present build- ings and influence of this body are monu- ments to the godly labors of those self- denying servants of the Master to whom the great work was entrusted.

On the I5th of April, 1896, there departed this life the Rev. Alexander Stewart, A.M., the fourth incumbent of Orillia, at the ripe age of ninety-one and a half years. Mr. Stewart was in charge of the Church of England congregation for twenty-seven years, and retired in 1889, in his 85th year. He was a cultured and accomplished minis- ter, and an able and instructive preacher. He was succeeded by the Rev. Canon R. W. Greene, the present incumbent, under whom the new tasteful and commodious church was erected. Canon Greene is a devoted pastor, and possesses a loving, warm heart, which makes him beloved by every one. The Roman Catholic Church began work in Orillia over fifty years ago in a rough log church erected on Harvie's Hill, just beyond the town limits. For a long time the people had monthly service

only, conducted by a priest sent from Pene- tanguishene. The first resident priest was Rev. P. Sinnott, who lived in a log lean-to attached to the end of the church. He was an accomplished scholar, a model and pains- taking pastor, and did much to strengthen the cause and place it on a successful basis. Subsequently, other changes of greater or less importance took place, which were fol- lowed by the appointment of the late Arch- deacon K. Campbell. Under his energetic labors a fine brick church has taken the place of the old log building, to which have been added a handsome Presbytery house, and a well-arranged separate school house, all of which stand as monuments to the energy of Father Campbell. Some years ago the health of Archdeacon Campbell began to give way, and he had to leave the field of his labors and seek restoration to health amid other scenes. Last year he died suddenly while visiting in the States, and his remains were interred near his church here, in a spot selected by Arch- bishop Walsh. He was succeeded by Father P. W. Duffy, the present genial and respected occupant of the Presbytery house. More than half a century has elapsed since the Presbyterians of Orillia applied for a minister, but it was not until 1851 that their request was granted. In that year the Rev. John Gray became the resi- dent minister of that church. For a short period the people assembled in the room of a hotel then occupying the ground on which the present Orillia House now stands. In 1852 their present church was erected, being the first church built in the town. Rev. Mr. Gray ministered continuously to this congregation for more than thirty years, when he was obliged to retire from active work on account of failing health. Under his ministry the congregation continued to grow, and the church underwent enlarge- ment, until its accommodation was trebled. A comfortable manse was also erected, and a large schoolhouse built by the Sabbath-

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school children. Mr. Gray holds the de- grees of B.A. and M.A. from Queen's College, Kingston, and in 1885 received the honorary degree of D.D. from Knox Col- lege, Toronto. He is Clerk of the Synod of Toronto and Kingston, and has been for many years a member of the Senate of Knox College. He is still a resident of Orillia. Dr. Gray was succeeded in 1882 by the Rev. R. N. Grant, D.D., who is the present successful and beloved pastor of the Presbyterian congregation. Under his min- istry the progress of the congregation has been marked. The number of communi- cants is upwards of six hundred, making it the largest congregation north of Toronto. A new and commodious brick manse has been erected, and seven years ago the old church was replaced by a large brick edifice, with a seating capacity of nearly a thousand, and with all the modern improvements. Dr. Grant is a member of a board of man- agement of Knox College, from which he received his degree of D.D., and he is widely and favorably known as a writer under the nom de plume of " Knoxonian." This congregation occupies a leading posi- tion in the town and throughout the sur- rounding district.

The Baptist cause is of more recent origin, and was formed about the year 1870, by Mr. Larard, who deserves much credit for his devoted work. The congre- gation, though comparatively small, is, and has been, very energetic, and has exerted a marked influence on the community. The first pastor was Rev. Mr. Sherman, who was followed by Rev. Messrs. Holtzhausen and R. Holmes. The Rev. John Currie succeeded Mr. Holmes, and the present minister is the Rev. Mr. Weeks, who, during his brief ministry of a few months, has made a favorable impression on all classes. The church is a comfortable structure, with a neat parsonage attached. For these desir- able buildings, as well as for much of the church's prosperity, the people are largely

indebted to the late Rev. W. Lambert, who for many years devoted the greater part of his independent income to religious pur- poses to the extent of about $20,000. There are two branches of the Plymouth Brethren in Orillia, who also are adding their quota to the highest life of the town. One wing is known as the " Darby Sect," the other as the " Marshallites." These good people, in harmony with their creed, have no church, but meet from house to house as believers in the name of the Lord.

The Salvation Army began operations in the old skating rink during 1884, and have the sympathy of most Christian people in their successful efforts to reclaim the drunk- ard and the impure. Their success in this direction commends their persevering efforts. Their officers consist of both men and women, who show great enthusiasm in striving to rescue their fellows. The bar- racks were burnt down upwards of two years ago, and have been replaced by a plain and comfortable brick building. There is also a small Free Methodist church, so that Orillia has, like most towns in Canada, its due proportion of religious denomina- tions.

Educational interests have always held a high position in Orillia. There is a wide difference between the little log house in which Mrs. James Dallas and her daughters taught the first school as a work of love, and the large and commodious schoolhouses which now adorn the town. For years the public schools of Orillia have stood at the top of those under the inspectorate of Mr. Jas. Morgan. On rising ground overlooking the entire neighborhood may be seen the fine building which constitutes the Orillia school. From no schools of the same size have there gone forth so many of all pro- fessions, and in all parts of this continent, who occupy positions of influence and use- fulness. The professions are well and ably represented in Orillia. There are nine lawyers, who are a credit to the profession,

MEN OF CANADA.

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and who ably uphold the majesty of the law. There is an equal number of physi- cians, who are noted for their skill and sagacity in pursuit of the art of healing. They are aided in their efforts to relieve suffering by five dentists and three druggists. Orillia is noted for its possessing a class of public-spirited and superior merchants, who have built up a commercial business larger than in any other town in the county, and whose circle of customers is drawn from an unusually wide area. One peculiarity which strikes a stranger on visiting Orillia is the neatness and cleanliness with which the streets and dwellings are kept. There are many handsome buildings in the town, conspicuous among which are those of Messrs. A. Tail, J. McCosh, W. Thomson, and Dr. Slaven. Orillia is celebrated for its efficient waterworks, by which it is sup- plied with the finest water in Ontario. It is

also regarded as the best-lighted town in the province, having both the arc and the incandescent systems. Both the water and electric franchises are the property of the town, and are a source of profit and revenue. If the clerical visitor who, forty years ago, named Orillia " the zero of poverty " were to pay a second visit to the place so despised by him, he would open his eyes wide as he beheld a town of 5,000 inhabitants, with its stately churches, its many tasteful and commodious residences, its bright and Hash- ing electric lights, its large town hall, and its plain, but comfortable post-office, its crowded streets, its air of business, its signs of activity and energy, and its proofs of wealth and prosperity ; such a survey, how- ever cursory, would cause him to blush for shame over his former contemptuous judg- ment, and constrain him to exclaim : " The crown of the towns of Ontario."

71 N DREW TAIT, President of the Hunts-

^^ ville Lumber Company, Orillia, was

born at Dalbeatie, Scotand, June 26th,

1839. His parents were W. L. and Mary Johnstone Tait. He went to the States in 1848, and in 1859 came to Canada. At the age of twenty-eight he removed to Orillia, where he entered upon the manufacture of lumber, etc. Since then his business has steadily grown, and extended throughout the north country, and he now employs in its various branches a large number of men. He has, beside*;, dealt extensively in real estate, and many of the most substan- tial dwellings in the town have been erected by him, while his own stately residence, "Glenorma," would grace any city. The rapid transition of Orillia from the struggling village to the thriving town is due, in no small measure, to the enterprise of our sub- ject. Mr. Tait is a Methodist, and the poor find in him a generous but unostentatious friend, and every good cause a warm sup- porter. Mr. Tait was married to Aurilla, daughter of the late John House, of Ridge- way, Ont., in 1863. He has five children.

CANADA.

SAMUEL SKEFKINGTON ROBINSON.

QAMUEL SKEFFINGTON ROBIN-

^^ SON, Orillia, Ont., was born Jan. 6th, 1845. He is the son of Arthur G. Rob- inson, a civil engineer, and located in Orillia with his parents. He received his education at the Model and Grammar schools, and Upper Canada College, Toronto. After spending the usual time in the study of law he was called to the Bar in 1870. He then took up his residence in Orillia and began to practise. Here he rapidly rose into promi- nence as a legal man of exceptional ability, and acquired a large connection, being solici- tor for the Dominion Bank and other insti- tutions. Mr. Robinson takes a great interest in the work of benevolent societies^ being a member of the Masonic Order, the I.O.O.F., and K. of" P. In municipal .mat- ters he has also been identified, haying held the offices of Councillor and Mayor of Orillia. In religion he is an Episcopalian ; in politics a Liberal. He also takes an active part in amateur athletics, and suc- ceeded in 1888 in bringing the A. C. A. to Orillia. Mr. Robinson was married in 1871 to Elizabeth Miller. He has four children.

CHARLES CORBOULD, Barrister and ^^^^® Attorney, Orillia, was born in the Township of Vaughan, April i8th, 1845. He is the son of Charles Corbould and Mary Durie, daughter of Dr. Durie, Toronto. He is also a brother of Gordon E. Cor- bould, M.P. for New Westminster, and nephew of Judge Gwynne, of the Supreme Court of Canada. His education was ob- tained successively at the Model School and University of Toronto, where he won a gen- eral proficiency scholarship. In 1869 he passed his examinations as Attorney, and was called to the Bar two years later. He then practised with Philip Lowe, Q.C., until 1879, when he removed to Orillia, where he still remains. Mr. Corbould has taken an active interest in the municipal affairs of Orillia, having been councillor for some years. In politics he is a Conservative, and has been secretary of the Association for ten years ; in religion a member of the Church of England, being warden of his Church, delegate to Synod, etc. Mr. Cor- bould's father died in 1893, at the age of 94 ; his mother is still living, aged 84 years.

CHARLES CORBOULD.

\II-:N or CANADA.

&ARLES STUART, of " Ballintruan," = near Port Hope, Out., Director of the Bank of Toronto, was born April 25th, 1821, at Ballintruan, Banffshire, Scotland. His parents were Donald Stuart and Sarah Michael, descendents of old and distinguished Scotch families. Mr. Stuart was educated at the local schools of his native district. In 18.40 he left home and joined the service of the Hudson's Bay Company at Fort Temiscamingue, <,Hie., May 2nd of that year, as a junior postmaster. Ten years later he was promoted to second-class clerkship. In 1853 he received his first-class clerkship, and in 1860 his commission as chief trader, and shortly afterwards as chief factor. In 1874 he retired with full interest, which continued for three years, when he settled near Port Hope, where he has since resided. Mr. Stuart has never taken an active part in politics, although voting with the Liberal party. He was married in 1862 to Margar.et, second daughter of the late Joseph Gladman, chief factor of the Hudson's Bay Company, at Rupert's House, Hudson's Bay. His family consists of one daughter.

CHARLES STUART.

JAMES ALEXANDER CIKBONS.

JAMES ALEXANDER GIBBONS, Chaplain of the Ontario Reformatory for Boys, Penetanguishene, was born Jan. nth, 1857. He is the son of Col. William Gibbons and Mary De \Yhittaker, his father, who was one of the Regular Army, being a member of the gist Regiment, stationed at Quebec, and Colonel of the ijth Battalion, Hamilton. Mr. Gibbons was educated at the separate schools of Hamilton and St. Michael's College, Toronto. He was or- dained by Bishop Recine, of Chicoutimi, parish priest. After his ordination Father Gibbons taught the commercial classes in the Seminary of Chicoutimi for six years. He was then appointed assistant priest at La Fontaine, near Penetanguishene, where he remained two years. He was then made chaplain of the Central Prison, Toronto, and in 1891 was transferred to his present post. Father Gibbons is beloved by all who know him, and has a host of friends in Penetan- guishene and neighborhood. He is specially adapted to his present work; being genial in manner and full of tact, he is able to influ- ence the wayward subjects under his charge.

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REV. FRANCIS WILLIAM DUFFY.

. FRANCIS WILLIAM DUFFY, P.P., Orillia, was born at Springfield, N.J., April 26th, 1852. He was educated at St. Charles College, Mary- land, and also at St. Francois Xavier College, New York, where he graduated. He then taught philosophy in Georgia for two years, at the same time pursuing his theological studies. He then entered the College of the Holy Angels, Niagara Falls, where he com- pleted his course. March 8th, 1879, he was ordained by the late Archbishop Lynch, after which he spent one year at St. Mary's Church, Toronto, when he was transferred to Colgan, Ont., as curate, for thirteen months. He was then at Dixie, Ont., until

1892, when he was sent to assist Archdeacon Campbell. The illness of the latter pre- venting him resuming his duties, Father Duffy has had charge of the mission since

1893. Since his incumbency at Orillia he has made many marked improvements. He is also most popular with all his parishioners, and has received several substantial tokens of their high appreciation of his character. Father Duffy is chaplain of the C.M.B.A.

®<pHILTP HOWARD SPOHN, M.D., M.P., Penetanguishene, Ont., is the sixth son of Philip and Elizabeth Bowman Spohn. His grandfathers, Captain Philip Spohn and Captain Peter Bowman, were of the U.E.L. stock, and at the close of the Revolutionary War settled on the Niagara Peninsula, and served in the war of 1812-13. Our subject was born at Ancaster, Ont., in 1842, and received his education at the Grammar School there, and Victoria Uni- versity, Toronto, graduating M.D. in 1869. He settled in Penetanguishene in that year, where he has since resided and secured a very large practice. In politics he is a Liberal, and was elected for East Simcoe for the House of Commons in 1891 by a majority of 207. During this session he was one of the principal opponents of the Hud- son Bay R.R. scheme, and led the debate on that question ; he was also exponent of the lumber question in the Budget debate. He was married to Edith Sarah, daughter of the late A. A. Thompson,of Penetanguishene. Dr. Spohn was the first reeve of Penetangui- shene, and was for years in County Council.

PHILIP HOWARD SPOHN, M.D., M.P.

MEN OP CANADA.

33 1

FRANK STEWART, photo artist, of the firm of Whiten & Stewart, Orillia, was born Sept. 2ist, 1869, near Beaver- ton, Ont. He was educated at the district school, near Beaverton, and at the age of fifteen apprenticed himself to the photographic art with his present partner in Orillia. After remaining there eight years, he went to North Bay, where he resided for one year, then went into business for himself in Woodstock, Ont., for a similar period. He then returned to Orillia to enter his present partnership. The firm of Whiten & Stewart do the highest class

of work in their line, and the studio is by far the most complete in the County of Simcoe, and equal to the larger city galleries. Mr. Stewart as a crayon and ink artist has executed some excellent work. He is also well up in photo-en- graving and several lines of process work. He takes a deep interest in the new discovery by Rontgen, and at the present time is diligently experi- menting with "X" rays. In religion he is a Presbyterian. Mr. Stewart was married in August, 1894, to Miss Florence M. Whiten, the eldest daugh- ter of Mr. G. E. Whiten, his present partner.

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THOMAS GOFFATT, Postmaster

•**- of Orillia, was born in Aberdeen- shire, Scotland, March i4th, 1844. He is the son of Thomas Goffatt and Mary Armstrong, who settled in Orillia in 1860. Mr. Goffatt was educated at the public schools of Aberdeenshire. Shortly after coming- to Orillia, he en- tered the Hudson Bay Company, with whom he remained seventeen years. He was then trader for this company until 1877, when he was appointed to his present position. It was with much regret that the Hudson Bay Company accepted his retirement, and he holds a testimonial to that effect from the

governor of the company. Since be- coming postmaster of Orillia, he has proved himself a most efficient officer, his office being a model one in every way, and every detail thoroughly looked after. During his long association with the Indians, he learned their language so thoroughly that he can read, write, and speak it as fluently as English, and has been frequently called into service by the Government to translate for them. Mr. Goffatt was married No- vember 1 5th, 1865, to Mary Jane, daughter of Marcus McMullen, J.P., of Orillia. His family consists of three children.

MKN or CANADA.

333

JW. SLAVEN, J.P., druggist, • Orillia, Ont., was born in Prince Edward County, Ont., August 1 6th, 1834. He is the son of Irish parents, P. E. Shwen and Eliza Walsh. Was educated in the public and high schools of his native county, and is a graduate of an American medical college. He commenced the drug business, in partnership with the late Dr. Archie Campbell, in Welling- ton, Prince Edward County, in 1860. In 1862 he moved to Orillia, where he has since resided. He is now proprietor of one of the largest and best equipped pharmacies in Central Canada ; has always taken an active inter- est in affairs municipal, and has filled nearly every office at the Council Board, from councillor to mayor; to the latter position he was elect- ed by acclamation in 1889. He was Deputy- Reeve in 1881-83, and part of 1884, when he resigned to visit California on a business trip. He has been identified with military matters, and grad- uated from the Military School, Kingston, in 1866. He assisted in forming No. 7 Company Simcoe For- esters, and was appointed first lieutenant, and after- wards captain, of No. 7. He is a Liberal-Conserva- tive in politics, and con- tested East Simcoe for the Ontario Legislature in 1882, but was defeated. Mr. Slaven has always been an active though not an aggressive politician, and served his party as presi- dent of the Liberal-Con- servative Association for this riding a number of years.

He is a Roman Catholic, and has served as chairman of the R.C.S.S. Board about twenty-five years. He is a member of the High School Board, also of the local Board of Health. He served four years on the Council of the Ontario College of Pharmacy, and was vice-president for two years. He was married to Maggie McDonell, daughter of the late Ronald McDonell, of Glen- garry, Ont., in 1867. His family con- sists of three sons and three daughters. R. R. is associated with him in business, J. W. S., Jr., is ranching in Texas, while Alexander J. is studying medicine in Bellevue College, New York City.

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CANADA.

JOHN F. BRADLEY, Post- master of Orangeville, Ont., was born in Kilkenny County, Ireland, Dec. ;th, 1838. He is the son of Frederick Bradley and Sarah Brown, both of Irish parentage. They came to Canada in 1835, settling in Stew- artown, near Georgetown, where Mr. Bradley lived retired, being in comfort- able circumstances. Here the family resided for about five years, when they removed to the Township of Garafraxa, where, on July i5th, 1861, Mr. Bradley passed away in his forty-eighth year. Mrs. Bradley died in 1894, aged eighty- six years. Our subject was educated

at the national schools of Ireland. At the age of twelve years he was appren- ticed to the general store business, at which he remained three years. After the death of his father he resumed this business in Erin and Wroxeter, Ont, where he remained about six years. He then turned his attention to farming in the Township of Minto, where he remained five years. He then moved to Collingwood and farmed in that section for ten years, afterwards dis- posing of his farm, and for another five years practically retired from business. In 1885 ne was appointed Assistant Postmaster of Orangeville, and on the resignation of the Post- master, in 1891, was ap- pointed to the position ; which office he has since filled satisfactorily. He is a member of the I.O.F., C.O.C.F., and L.O.L. In politics he is a Conserva- tive, and has always taken an active interest in the welfare of his party. In religion he is a member of the Methodist Church, and one of the influential men of the community. Mr. Bradley was married, Feb. 1 4th, 1867, to Miss Bessie White, daughter of Mr. William White, of the Township of Garafraxa. His family consists of six children, three sons and three daughters. William W. is his father's assistant, Frederick John is in busi- ness for himself in Orange- ville, Minnie is a book- keeper for a large firm in Detroit, and Eva is also an assistant to her father in the Post Office Department in Orangeville.

PORT I IOPIC

HV

W. F. TRAYES.

ITlTTLE more than a century ago the ^1^ present beautiful town of Port ^- Hope was a squalid Indian village, struggling under the name of Gochingo- mink. In 1793 two loyal Americans, Nathaniel Ashford and James Stevens, were driven from their New York State homes, and, seeking, with their families and flocks, a home beneath the Old Fag, halted on the banks of the "Ganeraska," and began to carve out their Canadian homes. A few days later several others, accompanied by a party of engineers, arrived and began to lay out a township, which was appropriately named Hope. Very soon the Indian names van- ished, and the stream and settlement were called the " Creek." Later on this embryo river was labelled " Smith's Creek," in honor of Elias Smith, who built the first flouring mill on its banks, by which name it is still known. The village, for a time, was known as Toronto, but did not receive a settled name until 1819, when, at the suggestion of Hon. G. S. Boulton, it became known as Port Hope. If records were at hand, it would be of great interest to note the struggles of the men and women who made the history of the first half century of this beautiful and progressive town. That suc- cess has crowned the efforts of many noble and self-denying people is evident, and that the present outlook is gratifying is beyond question. The once rude collection of huts known as Gochingomink has been superseded by a handsome provincial town, which is now reaching out its hands to grasp the honor and responsibility of cityhood. Notwithstanding all the periods of evolution through which Port Hope has passed, much of its surrounding primitive beauty

remains. Perhaps a larger portion than usual of the natural features of the locality has escaped the improving hand of man. Much of the rugged beauty of the forest scenery is yet intact, and here and there, amid their shady coverings, appear the lovely residences of those who have discov- ered the beauty of this Ontario town. Port Hope has excellent connection via the Mid- land division of the G. T. R., with the Pet- erboro and Belleville region on the north- east, the Muskoka lakes and the Georgian Bay on the northwest, and Haliburton on the north. A pleasant drive of ten miles will reach Rice Lake, with its unsurpassed fishing, while daily mail and telegraphic communication with Port Hope greatly adds to the comfort of the tourist. The town is becoming especially noted as a manufacturing centre, being the headquarters for some of Canada's most flourishing indus- tries, including the Consumers' Cordage Co., Globe File Works, Port Hope Carpet Fac- tory, Canada Oiled Clothing Co., a canning factory, besides its foundries, tanneries, sash and blind factories, its excellent flouring mills, and numerous other minor but impor- tant works. The mercantile lines are fully and ably represented by the many fine blocks of stores which adorn the principal streets, and the prosperity of the merchants who cater to the public in this way will compare favorably with any other town in Canada. The civic government looks well after the material prosperity of the commu- nity, and is ever on the alert to give Port Hope every possible advantage in the race for position among Dominion towns, the most recent enterprise being the building of an extensive and complete waterworks sys-

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CANADA.

tern, a luxury which few Canadian towns enjoy. The large amount of taxable pro- perty shows the wealth of the place, while the rate of taxation is not burdensome, and the people are not handicapped by a heavy public debt. The educational institutions of Port Hope have made it so well known from one end of the Dominion to the other that at the mention of the town the fame of Trinity College School and the High School presents itself. The former has its new and beautiful buildings on a lofty eastern site overlooking the whole town. This splendid institution has now almost a continental celebrity, and, on account of its able manage- ment and the good work done, is the cause of much pride to the tcwn and country. The several excellent primary schools are also well regulated, well managed, and giving the highest satisfaction to all who are interested in the progress of education- The moral and spiritual life of the town is

well cared for by the various religious bodies so well represented, and many of the places of worship are worthy of admiration by judges of such architecture. There are one Roman Catholic, one Baptist, one Method- ist, two Presbyterian, and two Episcopalian churches, all doing their work in their own way, and operating in harmony for the gen- eral good.

Having enjoyed for years the reputation of being the prettiest and most healthy town in Canada, it is natural that Port Hope should become popular as a summer resort. During the summer months many visitors are entertained in the town, for whom ample sports and amusements are provided. The beautiful sandy beach affords a charm- ing and safe place for bathing, and the same vicinity presents every facility for boating and fishing, while lawn tennis, cricket, and many other games flourish during the entire season.

ROBERTSON, Port Hope, Ont., was born May i6th, 1822, in that town. His parents were James and Margaret (Gregg) Robertson, of Scotch birth. About the year 1818 his father started a tannery and currier business there, which he continued until 1848, when our subject took charge of it. Continuing suc- cessfully for eight years he transferred the business to his brother, and gave his attention to a large estate left by his grand- father, to which he has since given his full time. He was educated at Port Hope schools and Cobourg University. He has also been identified with the Port Hope harbor, having been commissioner. In poli- tics Mr. Robertson is a Reformer ; in reli- gion a Presbyterian. He was married in 1851 to Sarah DeWitt, of Nottingham, who died in 1861 ; he married again, in 1886, a daughter of Louis Bertolotto, of Genoa, Italy. He has one son and three daughters.

PETER ROIiERTSON.

MEN OP CANADA,

3.J7

JOHN BROOK K TRAVKS.

JOHN BROOKE TRAYES, Port Hope, deceased, was born in 1842, at Edin- burgh, Scotland. He came to Canada in 1853 with his parents, John and Jane Trayes, settling in Montreal. After a primary edu- cation he entered the office of the Montreal Pilot, where he attained a practical know- ledge of journalism. He then spent four years in Boston, returning to Canada in 1864 to manage the British Canadian, after- wards known as the Port Hope Times. For some time this was only a weeklv edition, but subsequently became a daily, with a good circulation. Mr. Trayes was a promi- nent member ofthe Masonic Order, and editor and publisher of its official organ, The Cana- dian Craftsman. He was also a member of the I.O.F., A.O.U.W., and Royal Arcanum, Assistant Secretary of the Canadian Press Association for many years, and for one term President. In religion he was an Episco- palian ; in politics a staunch Conservative, but declined Parliamentary honors. Mr. Trayes was married to Marianna, daughter of Augustus Gaudrie, of Port Hope. His family consists of one son and one daughter.

FRANCIS TRAYES, editor

and proprietor of the Port Hope Daily and \Vcckly Times, was born in Port Hope, January loth, 1872. He is the son of John Brooke Trayes, whose portrait and sketch appear on this page. Mr. Trayes was educated at the Public and High Schools, Port Hope, and at the age of seventeen entered his father's office to learn printing and journalism, which he has since followed. At the time of his father's death he was but twenty years of age, but showed himself capable of managing a paper. The Times, under his skilful management, has become a very popular paper, and is well known throughout the County of Durham. In poli- tics Mr. Trayes is a Conservative, and does good work through the columns of his paper for his party. He is Secretary of the Port Hope Conservative Association, an active campaign worker, and an eloquent advocate of Conservative principles. Mr. Trayes is also a well-known correspondent for the Canadian press, writes for many American :«nd Canadian magazines, and is also pro- ficient in the art of elocution.

WILLIAM KKANt IS TRAVI S.

MEN

CANADA.

ALFRED WARD ex-M.P., Mayor of Port Hope, Ont., was born there August 2oth, 1849. His father, George C. Ward, is Registrar of the County of Durham, East Riding; his grandfather, Thomas Ward, having been the first regis- trar of that county. The latter came to Canada in 1792, with Attorney-General White. Our subject was called to the Bar in 1872, and immediately began practice in Port Hope, where he has secured a lucrative connection. In politics Mr. Ward is a Con- servative, and was elected to the House of Commons twice, namely, 1885 and 1887. He has also being identified with municipal affairs, having been seven years councillor, and having held the office of Mayor in 1885, 1894, and 1895. He is a public-spirited citizen, and interested in the welfare of the community. He is also well up in military matters, being junior major of the 46th Bat- talion. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, C.O.F. and S.O.E. societies, and a member of the Church of England. Mr. Ward was married July i6th, 1895, to Annie B. Goodwin, of Savannah, Georgia.

HENRY ALFRED WARD.

GEORGE CHARLES WARD.

(*^EORGE CHARLES WARD, Port Hope, Ont., was born April 23rd, 1812, in that place. He is the eldest son of the late Thomas Ward, first registrar for the County of Durham, who came from London, England, in 1792, with Attorney- General White, and was appointed Registrar of Durham County in 1808. Mr. Ward was educated at the Public Schools of Port Hope and the High Schools of Toronto. He afterwards studied law, and was called to the Bar in 1830. He then practised in Port Hope until 1839, Dut owing to ill-health gave up the practice of law, and entered the registry office as Deputy Registrar. In April, 1847, his father resigned his position, and Mr. Ward succeeded to the office. He is a Mason, was Grand Master of the L.O.L., and a member of the I.O.O.F., etc. In politics a Conservative ; in religion an Epis- copalian. Mr. Ward married Harriet, daughter of William Brent, of Quebec, Feb. ist, 1836. His family consists of two sons and two daughters ; one son appears on this page, and is at present (1896) Mayor of Port Hope. The other, Thos. W., is Deputy Registrar.

MEN OF CANADA.

339

HENRY HOLLAND.

P.M., Port Hope, was born Dec. 30th, 1836, in the Township of South Mon- aghan, Out. His parents were Richard Lee and Georgina (Hagarty) Holland. The former was a barrister, and practised in Oshawa up to the time of his death in 1851. Mr. Holland was educated by private tuition, at the Oshawa Grammar School, and in Howmanville. At the age of sixteen he took up the study of law in Howmanville with the late Robert Armour, and afterwards with Richards cS: Jackson, of Toronto. He was called to the Bar in 1860, and began prac- tice with the late Donald Hethune, Port Hope, with whom he was associated for about eighteen months. Mr. Holland, after practising in Millbrook for about five years, settled in Port Hope. In 1871 he was appointed Police Magistrate, and abandoned the practice of law. His judg- ments are considered clear, and are rendered impartially. In politics he is a Conserva- tive ; in religion an Episcopalian. He is also a member of the L. O. L. Mr. Holland was married, in 1861, to Victoria Sowden.

THE LATK HKNRY HOWARD MKRKDITH.

RICHARD HKNRY HOLLAND.

LATE HENRY HOWARD MERE- DITH, Port Hope, was born in Ardtrea, County Tyrone, Ireland, Jan. 24thf 1815, his father, Rev. Dr. Meredith, F.T.C.D., being rector of that parish. Dr. Meredith died in 1819, and his widow, with her four children, came to Canada in 1825, settling in Quebec Province. In 1839 our subject removed to Port Hope and engaged in a business from which he retired in 1850. Mr. Meredith married, in 1840, Miss Margaret Brown, daughter of the late John Brown, of Port Hope, to whom Port Hope is indebted for her splendid wharves, which were built at his own expense. Mr. Meredith was a Conservative in politics, and although fre- quently urged to enter Parliament, declined. He was a zealous member of the Church to which he belonged, and took a warm int'erest in many philanthropic societies. He died in February, 1892, deeply regretted by a large circle of friends, leaving behind him two daughters and one son. Two brothers also survived him, the late Sir William Meredith, Chief Justice of Quebec, and Edmund A. Meredith, LL.D., of Toronto.

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MEN

CANADA.

GEORGE WILSON, J.P.

WILSON, J. P., editor of the Port Hope Daily and Weekly Guide, was born April i8th, 1825, in Yorkshire, Eng., coming with his parents to Canada in 1832. He was educated at the schools of Markham, after which he learned the car- riage building trade, at which he worked for thirteen years. He then followed mer- cantile life, in Port Dover, for about ten years, after which he purchased the news- paper, The New Dominion, in that town, which eventually merged into the Toronto Truth, now edited by Mr. Wilson's son. In 1874 he bought the Guide, which to-day has a large circulation. Mr. Wilson is a mem- ber of the Masonic Order, R.T. of T., and Home Circle, and for ten years was Chair- man of the License Commissioners for East Durham. In religion, a prominent Metho- dist. He was married March 23rd, 1847, to Sarah, daughter of Capt. Henry Howell, of Scarboro, who died December 3rd, 1894. He was married a second time, January 1st, 1896, to Miss M. A. Murney, daughter of the late John Murney, Picton. His sons are all editors or managers of various newspapers.

LATE WILLIAM SCOTT TEM- PEST, Port Hope, was born at Halifax, May 23rd, 1833. He was the son of John Tempest and Elizabeth Townsend, who were also born at Halifax. He was educated at the public school of his native place, and at an early age apprenticed to the hardware business. In 1856 he went to Montreal, where he was employed in that line until 1869, when he removed to Port Hope, and purchased a grocery business, which he con- ducted until the time of his death, which occurred July loth, 1890. Mr. Tempest was a member of the Town Council of Port Hope in the early days, and was known as a public-spirited and liberal benefactor amongst his townspeople. He had a wide circle of friends, who appreciated him for his many sterling qualities, and who very sincerely regretted his early demise. In politics he was a Conservative ; in religion an Episcopalian. Mr. Tempest was mar- ried in Montreal, May 26th, 1858, to Mary Ann Gorrie, daughter of Daniel Gorrie, a well-known retired gentleman of that city. He leaves a wife and seven children.

WILLIAM SCOTT TEMPEST.

MEN OF CANADA.

341

JOHN BOD DY, J.P., retired, Bradford, was born Sept. iQth, 1824, in County Leitrirn, Ireland. He is the son of John Boddy and Isabella Shaver, who came to Canada in 1831, settling at Lloydtown, where Mr. Boddy, Sr., followed his occupa- tion of shoemaking until his death in 1842. Mr. Boddy was educated at the public schools of Lloydtown, and at the age of 18 embarked for himself. After several ven- tures he started in mercantile life, opening business at Bond Head, where he conducted a dry goods establishment for five years. He then removed to Bradford, and con- tinued in the same business until 1885, when he practically retired from active life. In municipal affairs Mr. Boddy has always taken an active interest, having served 18 years on the Council Board, and has been Chairman of the High School Board for many years. In politics he is a Conservative, and Treasurer of the South Simcoe Association for about 20 years. In religion he is a Methodist. He was married August 25th, 1846, to Elizabeth, daughter of James Suther- land, of Caithnesshire, Scotland.

JOHN KODDV, J.I'

JAMKS SUTHERLAND HODUY.

JAMES SUTHERLAND BODDY, Reeve of Bradford and Warden of the County of Simcoe, was born Dec. 2oth. 1855, at Bend Head. He is the son of John Boddy and Elizabeth Sutherland. His father came from Ireland, while his mother was born in Scotland. Our subject was educated at Bradford High and Public schools, and at the age of fifteen entered his father's store, intending to follow mercantile life. Changing his mind, however, he studied law for about four years, when he returned to merchandise and opened business for him- self in Bradford, where he has since con- tinued successfully, and now conducts a very extensive trade. Mr. Boddy is a member of the Masonic fraternity, A.O.U.W., I.O.F., and Select Knights, having held responsible positions in connection with the same. He has also taken an interest in municipal affairs, having filled the offices of Councillor, War- den, and Reeve. In politics a Conservative ; in religion a Presbyterian. Mr. Boddy was married in June, 1884. to Emily, youngest daughter of Robert Bingham, of Bradford. His family consists of three children.

342

CANADA.

WILLIAM HUTCHINSON HEWSON.

^yiLLIAMHUTCHINSON HEWSON, Barrister, Penetanguishene, Ont., was born November i3th, 1858, in the Town- ship of Innisfil, Simcoe County, Ont. He is the son of William Hutchinson Hewson and Abigail Cummings, elsewhere referred to in this volume in connection with the sketch of Mr. E. E. J. Hewson. Our subject was educated at the Barrie High School, and at the age of eighteen entered the law firm of Lount & Lount, Barrie, where he re- mained four years. In 1881 he passed his final examination and was enrolled as a solicitor, and immediately took up his resi- dence in Penetanguishene, where he opened an office, and has since conducted an impor- tant legal business. He has taken a great interest in the municipal affairs of Penetan- guishene since locating there, and in 1891 was elected Mayor. In politics he is a Liberal; in religion a member of the Church of England. Mr. Hewson was married in 1886 to Jennie Mitchell, daughter of Henry Horace Thompson, of Penetanguishene. His family consists of four children, two of whom survive, namely, one son and one daughter.

V^DWARD ERNEST JULIAN HEW- ^Vs> SON, editor and proprietor of the Penetanguishene Herald, was born Novem- ber 3rd, 1866, in the Township of Innisfil, Ont. He is the son of W. H. Hewson and Abigail Cummings. His father, who fol- lowed the occupation of millwright in his early life, turned his attention to lumbering, which he followed for a period of thirty-five years. He then went into farming, at which he has since remained. He is now (1896) in his 76th year, and enjoys good health. Mr. Hewson was educated at the public schools of his birthplace, and the Collegiate Institute, Barrie. In 1888 he removed to Penetanguishene, where he entered his brother's office to learn the publishing busi- ness. After being there one year he pur- chased the plant from his brother, and has since conducted the business successfully. He is a member of the C.O.C.F., and in politics a Liberal. He is, in religion, a member of the Church of England. Mr. Hewson was married February 8th, 1893, to Annie, daughter of John and Sarah Dobson, of the Township of Innisfil. He has one son.

EDWARD ERNEST JULIAN HEWSON.

MEN OP CANADA.

343

WILLIAM M MASTER THOMPSON.

\ylLLIAM McMASTER THOMPSON,

merchant, Penetanguishene, was born there November loth, 1858. His father, A. A. Thompson, who dealt largely in furs in his early years in Penetanguishene, latterly carried on a general merchandise business there until his death, in 1885. Mr. Thomp- son was educated at the public schools, and Upper Canada College. At the age of seventeen he entered the firm of A. R. Mc- Master & Bro., Toronto, and gained a thorough knowledge of the dry goods busi- ness. In 1881 he entered his father's store, and at the time of his death took over the business, and now a more successful estab- lishment cannot be found in the Georgian Bay district. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and A.O.U.W. Mr. Thompson takes an active interest in the municipal and educational affairs of the town, having filled the offices of trustee of School Hoard and Councillor for five years. In politics he is a Conservative; in religion a member of the Church of England. He married, in 1887, Julia Keefer, daughter of A. H. Kitterdge, of Strathroy.

4TENKY HORACE THOMPSON, priv- ^^> ate banker, Penetanguishene, was born June loth, 1826, in the Township of Toronto, near Oakville, Ont. His father, a native of New Brunswick, was in the war of 1812, and in the rebellion of 1837 was second in command. Mr. Thompson was educated at the Home District Grammar School, Toronto, after which he embarked in the general store business, which he con- tinued for about thirty-seven years, part of the time in partnership with his brother, the late A. A. Thompson. In 1876 he disposed of his mercantile business and opened a private bank, to which he devotes his entire time and attention. He is a member of the C.O.C.F., and in municipal affairs has filled every position from Councillor to Mayor. He was also Clerk and Treasurer for twenty years. In politics he is a Conservative, and contested the election for East Simcoe for the Local House against Hon. C. Drury, but was defeated by twenty votes. In religion, an Episcopalian. Mr. Thompson was mar- ried, in 1846, to Louisa, daughter of the late Andrew Mitchell, of Penetanguishene.

HKNRY HORACE THOMPSON.

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MEN

CANADA.

TfLBERT EDWARD MACARTNEY, vjs> pharmacist, Penetanguishene, was born in Bradford, Ont. He is the sixth son of the late Robert B. Macartney, who was a native of Tullamore, King's County, Ireland, coming to Canada in 1845, living in New York and Toronto, and finally settling in Bradford in 1851, being in business until 1879, when he retired. Mr. A. E. Macart- ney, his son, was educated at the Bradford High School, and at the age of eighteen entered his brother's drug store, Thorold, Ont. After three years he graduated most successfully at the College of Pharmacy, Toronto, and returned to Thorold and took the management of his brother's large drug and fancy goods store, conducting the same in a most able manner for three years. He then decided to embark in business for him- self, and in December, 1890, removed to Penetanguishene. Here he opened a first- class drug and book store, well equipped in every respect, and carries on a large and profitable business. He is well known as an able and very reliable druggist throughout the district.

ALMERT EDWARD MACARTNEY.

ALFRED KURKE THOMPSON.

ALFRED BURKE THOMPSON, Bar- V«5 rister, Penetanguishene, was born July i8th, 1862, at that place. He is the son of the late Alfred A. Thompson and Sarah Burke. Mr. Thompson was educated at Upper Canada College and Toronto Uni- versity. At the age of twenty-three he en- tered the office of Beaty, Hamilton & Cas- sels, Toronto ; afterwards McCarthy, Pepler & McCarthy, Barrie ; and was called to the Bar in 1888. He then commenced practice at Penetanguishene, where he has worked up a large practice. He has held the position of Town Treasurer, and is acting Collector of Customs. In politics a Conservative, and in 1894 contested Centre Simcoe for the Local House. In religion he is an Episco- palian. Mr. Thompson was married in September, 1889, to Kate W., daughter of the late Captain Isaac M^y, of London. Mrs. Thompson died in 1894. He has also been identified with military matters in con- nection with the O.O.R., and served in the Northwest rebellion. He is widely known as an able and successful legal man, and enjoys the confidence of the general public.

MEN OF CANADA.

345

M KDMANSON, late

of Bradford, Ont.,

was born at Wood- stock, Ont., Feb. 23rd, 1856. He is the son of William Kdmanson and Mary Ann Turner. His parents, who came from Hull, Kngland, about the year 1856, settled in Woodstock, where they remained about two years, when they removed to Bradford; following the bakery and confectionery business. In 1871 Mr. Admanson, sr., took up his residence in.Barrie, where he remained until 1879, when he returned to Brad- ford and associated himself in business with the subject of our sketch, and after- wards went into the manu- facture of patent medicines under the firm name of Kdmanson & Bates. Our subject was educated at the Bradford public schools, afterwards taking a course at the College of Pharmacy, Toronto. In 1872 he opened a drug store in Bradford, which he conducted until the time of his death, which occurred August 30th, 1893. During his lifetime Mr. Kdmanson was a most successful business man. His first venture was the purchase of Mr. Deacon's drug store in Bradford, but the manufacture of Dr. Chase's patent medicines being added, the business grew to such an extent that he was obliged to enlarge his premises. He was a member of the A.O.U.W. and I.O.O.F., and took an active interest in municipal affairs, hav- ing filled the position of Councillor for five years, and was looked upon as a coming member for the Dominion Par-

liament. In the demise of Mr. Kdman- son the community lost a man of en- ergy and sterling integrity ; useful in moral reform and having a fine grasp of public (juestions, he was an important factor in the progress of all measures tending toward social advancement and civic improvement. In politics he was a Conservative, and was for some time Census Commissioner for North York ; in religion a Methodist. He was mar- ried, in May, 1879, to Mary Hannah Goodchild, daughter of John Good- child, of Bradford. His family consists of three children, two daughters and one son.

BRACKBRIDGK

E. F. STEPHENSON.

WHY was the business part of the town not built on this flat in- stead of that hollow ? " is a question frequently asked by visitors to Bracebridge after they have reached the plateau, which certainly would have been a pleasanter site for the town. The question is quite a natural one to ask, and very easily answered, when it is remembered that the Muskoka River flows through the town, and that directly under the high steel bridge which spans the river on the main street there is a great waterfall, which, supplying, • as it did, the power to run the first factory, was the attraction which drew around it the first business places which formed the nucleus of the town.

Bracebridge is the official and business centre, and very nearly the geometrical centre of Muskoka, a country which has been more widely abused and more loudly praised than any other portion of Canada — praised because of its attractiveness to the tourist and sportsman, and abused because of its lack of attractiveness to the agricul- turist. Just here, however, it may be said that while Muskoka is becoming more popular as a summer resort, time has shown, that the agricultural capabilities of the dis- trict are far greater than was formerly sup- posed.

In 1860 Bracebridge consisted of only a few log huts. In 1866 a few settlers had taken up land in the neighborhood of North Falls (Bracebridge), and as the transporta- tion of supplies from Orillia, a distance of thirty-six miles, was a serious matter to these settlers, it became necessary to estab- lish a few small stores. In 1870 the hamlet

346

had reached the proportions of a respectable Canadian village with a population of about 400. From this time the place has grown steadily, until now (1896) the population is about 2,000, and the cheap, wooden struc- tures of earlier days have given place to substantial brick buildings. If Bracebridge cannot boast of any palatial residences, mammoth stores, or superb public buildings, yet there are a large number of very nice residences and large buildings. Village in- corporation took place in 1875, and town clothes donned by Act of Parliament in 1889. In 1888 Muskoka was erected into a judicial district, with Bracebridge as the district town, where the local and assize courts are held, and where the offices of the Sheriff, Registrar, Crown Attorney, and Clerk of the Peace, Clerk of the District Court, and other Government officials are found. His Honor the District Judge also resides here.

Bracebridge is situated at the head of navigation, on the Muskoka River, six miles from the famed lake of the same name, and on the line of the Grand Trunk Railway, 122 miles from Toronto, and 106 miles from North Bay, where connection is made with the Canadian Pacific Railway. There are in the town two sole leather tanneries, each with a capacity of 150 sides per day. These tanneries give employment to a large number of men, and, in addition to the large quan- tity of bark which is brought here and sold by the farmers, two steamboats are em- ployed all the season in towing bark, and a third will be placed on the route this year. There are also five shingle and saw mills, two steam woodworking establishments, a

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347

splendid and well-conducted woollen mill, the products of which are in great demand in various parts of Ontario and Manitoba ; a grist mill (roller process), two brickyards, several greenhouses, and various smaller industrial establishments. There are over forty stores and shops in the town, at least thirty of which are brick. There are several public halls, the chief of which is the town hall, used as a court house, concert hall, council chamber, and for other purposes ; and four large and well-conducted hotels. The town is lighted by electricity, and has a fine system of waterworks for fire protec- tion and domestic use. The water has been analyzed, and pronounced of excellent quality. All these works are owned and managed by the town, and the revenue derived from rent of lights and supply of water will event- ually pay for the expense of putting in the plants. A spring about a mile distant is the source of the water supply, and, this spring being higher than the town, the water flows to the works by gravitation. From thence it is forced throughout the town by an immense pump worked by water power, the works being situated at the falls.

The citizens are justly proud of their Town Park, which consists of twelve acres of land, perfectly level, and with a good sward. Here, during the summer evenings, and on holidays, cricket, lacrosse, baseball, and football are all played. Around the outer edge of the park is a nice half-mile race track, and adjoining the park the Agricul- tural Society have a large horse stable, and a commodious hall for exhibition purposes. Mr. Alfred Hunt, private banker, does a considerable banking business, and besides the money handled by him the Postmaster- General's report shows that for the year ending June 3oth, 1895, the postal revenue of Bracebridge post-office was $3,291.52.

During the same period money orders were issued to the amount of $25,245.40, and orders were paid to the amount of $11,- 261.47. The assessed value of Bracebridge in 1895 was $285,000. There is a large public schoolhouse, divided into eight departments. The teaching staff consists of seven teachers. The County Model School is held here during the fall months. The town has a mechanics' institute, read- ing room, and a public library, composed of 3,000 volumes. The spiritual interests of the citizens are not overlooked, for with the English, Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, Roman Catholic, and Free Methodist churches, the Salvation Army, and Chris- tian Scientists, the people can truly say " the lines have fallen upon us in pleasant places," for if they don't like one church they can attend another.

The pioneer newspaper of Muskoka was the Northern Advocate, which made its ap- pearance in Bracebridge in 1870, Mr. Thomas McMurray being the publisher. The Free Grant Gazette was established in 1872 by Mr. E. F. Stephenson, who has published the paper since that time. The A dvocate suspended publication in 1874, and the plant was purchased by Mr. Stephenson. In 1878 the Muskoka Herald was started by Messrs. Graffe & Oaten, and is now owned and published by Mr. U. E. Bastedo. Amongst the fraternal societies there are the Freemasons, Oddfellows, Sons of Eng- land, Sons of Scotland, Foresters, Macca- bees, Workmen, Orangemen, and True Blues. There are also several athletic clubs, a brass band, orchestra, and an efficient fire company. Although not in the strict sense a tourist town, yet Bracebridge re- ceives a considerable proportion, indirectly, of the trade of the 20,000 tourists and sportsmen who annually visit Muskoka.

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MEN

CANADA.

JAMES WHITNEY BETTES, ex- M.P.P., Sheriff and District Treasurer for Muskoka, Bracebridge, Ont., was born at Prince Albert, County of Ontario, October I7th, 1848, son of John Bettes and Char- lotte White. Sheriff Bettes was educated principally under the tuition of his father. He engaged in mercantile pursuits early in life, first as clerk, entering business for him- self in 1872 at Uxbridge, removing to Hunts- ville in 1879, where he continued in the general and hardware business until 1886, when he engaged in contracting on the N. & P S.R.R. He was made Sheriff in 1888. First married to Martha M. Crosby, daugh- ter of the late Henry Crosby, of Markham, who died in 1892. Married again in Decem- ber, 1895, to Miss N. Augusta Burrows, daughter of the late Henry T. Burrows, of Ottawa. He has one daughter married to Charles W. Dill, C.E. In politics a Liberal ; was one of the youngest members of the Provincial Legislature in 1882-83. Member A.F. & A.M., R.A.M.G.R.C., and I.O.F. In religion a Methodist, and delegate to the General Conference, London, 1894.

JAMES WHITNEY HETTES.

JAMES KOYER.

JAMES BOYER, Magistrate, Town Clerk, and Secretary of School Board, Bracebridge, was born May 28th, 1836, in Gloucestershire, England. He was educated at the national schools, and when twelve years of age entered a law office, remaining seven years. He then joined the Regular Dragoon Guards, with whom he served seven years ; after which he came to America, and again took up the study of law. After being called to the Bar he continued in the profession for about twelve years. In 1869 Mr. Boyer came to Canada, and finally settled in Bracebridge. In June, 1871, he was appointed Clerk of Macaulay Township, and, in 1875, of Bracebridge, which office he has since held. In 1871-72 Mr. Boyer was editor of the Northern Advocate, and for two years conducted educational instruction among the children of the district. In 1878 he was appointed Magistrate. He is a member of the S.O.E., I.O.F., L.O.L., and L.T.B. A., holding high positions in the same. In politics he is a Liberal, and in religion a Methodist. Mr. Boyer was married in 1866 to Hannah Boyer, daughter of J. Boyer.

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CANADA.

149

JOHN CHARLES DAVIDSON, con- vcyancer and insurance agent, was burn at sea in 1844. Educated in England, where he spent several years in the shipping trade. In 1873 he married Eleanor Caroline, daughter of Robert Blake- Forster, descended from Anachar, Count of Flanders, who died in 813, and whose descendant Baldwin IV. married a daughter of Robert, King of France, their daughter Matilda being the wife of William the Conqueror. When that monarch invaded England, Baldwin's son Richard, a youth of sixteen years, accom- panied him, fought at Hastings, was knighted on the field, subsequently founded a family which produced many noted warriors and lawyers. Captain Francis Forster received large grants of land in Ireland for losses during the rebellion. In 1770 the then head of the house married the only daughter of Sir Ulic Blake, and adopted the name of Blake- Forster. After his marriage, Mr. Davidson came to Canada, and located in Muskoka, where he has since resided. In religion an Episcopalian. A member of the S.O.E. and True Blues. Politically, a Conservative.

JOHN CIIAKI.KS I»AVII>SON.

DAVID EDGAR HASTEDO.

*<7NAVID EDGAR BASTEDO, editor *J and proprietor of the Muskoka Herald, Bracebridge, Ont., was born Nov. 28th, 1860, near Woodstock, Ont. He is the son of J. R. and Mary Bastedo, the former a well-known millwright and lumber manufacturer. Mr. Bastedo was educated at the public schools and by private tuition. He entered the office of the Northern Advo- cate, Bracebridge, when twelve years old, re- maining two years. He then took a special course of study for three years, when he returned to Bracebridge and finished his apprenticeship at the Herald office. When about twenty years of age he purchased a half interest in the business, four years after- wards selling out. He then bought the Georgetown Herald, and, after publishing it two years, sold out and returned to Brace- bridge, purchasing the Herald business, which he has since conducted. His paper is now one of the leading journals in that dis- trict. He is a member of the Masonic Order, I.O.O.F., I.O.F. In politics a Conservative; in religion a Methodist. He was married Sept. 3rd, 1884, to Ann Oaten.

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CANADA.

A

AARON ROSS.

ARON ROSS, merchant and grain dealer, Port Perry, was born July 3ist, 1828, at London, England. He came to Canada with his parents in 1842, settling in Whitby. Mr. Ross was educated in the Old Land, but owing to unfavorable circum- stances his tuition was limited. Shortly after his arrival in this country he was bereft of his parents, but by constant perseverance has obtained large commercial success. He followed shoemaking for nineteen years in Whitby and Prince Albert, where, in 1865, he opened a general store in partnership with Mr. George Currie. After five years the firm dissolved and Mr. Ross located in Port Perry, where he built a large store and bank. He has an elevator with a capacity of 50,000 bushels, and is one of the largest grain dealers in the district. He is a mem- ber of the Toronto Board of Trade, and largely interested in the Dominion Bank, and was one of the four who secured the charter for the company. In politics he is a Reformer ; in religion a Methodist. He was married in 1849 to Lucinda Fitchett. His family consists of eight children.

ROSS, Reeve, and general merchant, Port Perry, was born at Prince Albert, July i4th, 1856, being the son of Aaron Ross and Lucinda Fitchett, the former appearing on this page. Mr. Ross was educated at the public and high schools, and holds a commercial diploma from the British American Business College, of To- ronto. He served in his father's store, and was admitted to partnership in 1876, and since 1883 has been sole proprietor of the business of A. Ross & Sons, who have con- ducted a most successful and honorable trade. Mr. Ross is a member of the Toronto Board of Trade, was a member of the Board of Education of Port Perry for twelve years, for five years a member of the Council, and is now (1896) Reeve. In politics he is an active Reformer, having been President of the Reform Association of South Ontario for two years. In religion he is a Methodist, having held the offices of treasurer of Trustee Board, superintendent of Sabbath School, etc. Mr. Ross was mar- ried September i8th, 1877, to Clarissa Jane Bingham, of Bradford, Ont.

WILLIAM ROSS.

GRAVENHURST

I1Y

T. M. ROBINSON.

r I HE history of the first settlement of •** Gravenhurst is inseparably connected with the very early days of the colo- nization of this north country, situated as it is in the very gateway of Muskoka, where the pioneers had to choose between plodding on in the rough corduroy roads, with the fre- quent mud and the ever-present roots on the one hand, and the uncertain and precarious chances of a trip in a small boat on a rough lake on the other. Fourteen miles through ruts and over roots, and across holes that seemed bottomless, led the traveller to think that nothing could be worse, and by the time he reached Muskoka Bay he was ready to brave the water rather than have any more of the land. The troubles of the inexperi- enced sailor were frequently not over yet, as often he would gladly have exchanged the whole of Muskoka Lake for a footing on a square yard of good solid ground.

In the early "fifties "the region to the north of the Severn (Muskoka) was to the inhabitant of the neighboring County of Simcoa a wilderness of rocks and lakes which would never be settled. "There is no land," the enquirer was told, "nothing but rocks and lakes." The Indians of Rama used this unknown country as a hunting ground, and by the masterly silence which they understand so well helped to maintain the mystery that enveloped it. In 1857 the Government was induced to project a col- onization road from Washago (the north limit of the Lake Simcoe navigation) to the High Falls of the Muskoka River ; this was done chiefly on the representations of the late Angus Morrison, M.P., who, with a few friends and Indian guides, had penetrated the Muskoka lakes by the canoe route by way

of the Severn River, through Sparrow Lake, thence via Morrison Lake to Leg Lake, and to Muskoka Bay, where Gravenhurst now stands, by the long portage on the route of the present Leg Lake road ; or, with loaded canoes, by the longer route but shorter port- ages, by way of Pine Lake and Bear Bay, across what is now the Whitehead farm. In 1860 the adventurous seeker after cheap land left the world behind him in Orillia, and took passage in a skiff or small sail-boat to Washago, thence over new-made cross- way, or winding his way among pine stumps and over the steep rocky ridges, up and down, in and out he went ; with the over- arching pines above him, and on every side nature undisturbed, except by the winding alley cut through the dense growth of whispering, waving trees.

Where Gravenhurst now stands the forest was less thickly timbered, and on the ridge between the two lakes hardwood took the place of pine, beech, and red oak, and fuller openings in the woods, giving a changed appearance to the scene. The only settler on the spot, the late James McCabe, occu- pied a shanty on the east side of the road opposite the street now leading to the sta- tion. He had moved there with his wife in the March previous, being the first settler north of Beaver Creek. A Mr. Mercier occa- sionally occupied a hut built against a rock a little south of the present English Church cemetery, while a mile farther south a Ger- man family, consisting of Mr. Stineau, his wife, daughter, and son-in-law, Frank Weber, were clearing up land on the place now occupied by Mr. Alfred Allin. Three miles still farther to the south, on the Alcoate farm, David Leith had settled ;

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these, at that time, constituted all the settle- ments in Muskoka north of Beaver Creek. In July of that year the writer selected the site of his present home on Muskoka Bay, and in the fall Thomas Moody, with his wife and two brothers, of whom W. N. Moody, the well-known merchant, is one, arrived, and located several lots on the site of the future town, and built a small dwell- ing near where the old schoolhouse stands. Thomas Downey and family came about the same time, as did also John Henley, Neil McDonald, and John Dickers. Richard Irwin had located at Muskoka Falls, as had Richard Hanna, who had been awarded a contract to build a road through the Town- ship of Draper. Charles Copps had also built a shanty on Lot 10, where Joseph Percy afterwards lived, and where Mr. Chalker's house now stands. The winter of 1860-61 was one of very deep snow, and for some weeks the road to Severn Bridge, the nearest post-office, was quite impassable for horses, and families moving in were detained there until, during a thaw in March, a num- ber of teams bringing in supplies for the road contractors to begin operations in the spring broke the blockade. With the spring of 1861 a tide of immigration set in, and a number of settlers went into the Township of Draper, and at that time James Cooper, who had a contract for a road from the South Falls to the North Falls, with a bridge at the latter point, now Bracebridge, came. He also brought a sail-boat to Mus- koka Lake to carry freight to the North Falls. John Scott and Edward Cammell and their respective families settled three miles south at this time. In that year James McCabe built the first house in Gravenhurst, a substantial roomy log struc- ture, which still forms part of the old " Queen's," and here he and his kind-hearted wife dispensed hospitality for several years. Many are the droll stories told of the doings at McCabe's, in the old times, when the first settlers were coming into Muskoka, and

were often detained for days together by stress of weather or other causes. Thomas McMurray, who induced many to come to Muskoka through his pamphlet circulated widely in England, settled in Draper about this time. James Sharpe, a representative Gravenhurst man, came here during the year. Robert Knott also bought land in what is now the West Ward. Mr. A. J. Alport took up his residence on his beautiful property at the mouth of the Muskoka River. Edward Hewitt, whose son James still lives in town, with several others, came during that summer. A post-office was opened here, and the name Gravenhurst appeared in place of McCabe's, with James McCabe as the first postmaster, and a weekly service supplied Muskoka Falls and this place from Severn Bridge, carried by Richard Hanna, or more frequently his son William, now of Port Carling. The year 1862 brought large accessions to the popula- tion of Muskoka, among the first ol whom are James McAllister, Hugh Garvin, John Wilson, William Elder, William and David Bradley, Henry Masterson, Joseph Brock, Henry Briens, and others who are identified with Muskoka's progress. The first d-ecided step forward taken by the future town was when, in 1864, the firm of Peter Cockburn & Sons commenced lumbering operations in Muskoka, with their headquarters here, and in the May following the " Wenonah " was launched, followed at intervals by the " Wabaumic," " Simcoe," " Nipissing," "Rosseau," "Kanozha," " Muskoka," ''Lake Joseph," "Oriole," "Nipissing No. 2," "Medora," and still another in process of building. The late Dougald Brown came about this time, and with characteristic energy began building a second hotel in a more central position, where the " Windsor" now stands, and having acquired the land between there and the wharf had it surveyed into town lots. A telegraph line was soon added to other conveniences, and placed in charge of J. P. Cockburn, postmaster, where

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it has since remained. Benjamin Fuller and Kmanuel Cooper, the first of whom improved and named the Queen's Hotel, while the latter built the Royal, moved to Gravenhurst about this period, while numerous small Stores had sprung up to supply the demands of the increasing population. The Govern- ment at this time, 1872, made a large appro- priation for the improvement of the road between Washago and Gravenhurst, which wr.s done under contract by J. P. Cock- burn and J. T. Kirkpatrick, who planked or gravelled the whole road between those points. At the close of this contract the first mill was erected where the Baker mill now stands, which was soon followed by others, and prominent in these interests we find the names of G. W. Taylor, Caldwell & Perkins, Hutchkiss & Hughson, William Tait, Archy Bryden, Crone & Patten, etc. The extension of the Northern Railway here in the fall of 1876 was also a mile post in the town's history, as was its incorporation as a village the next year, with G. W. Tay- lor as the first Reeve. The following names appear prominently in town about this time, in addition to those before named : J. T. Harvie, \\m. Badger, Geo. Clark, Ben. and Wm. Forster, George Francis, Joseph Percy, Dr. Adams, G. W. Rule, John Richardson, R. K. Johns, H. R. King, etc. The next few years had but few events, until the establishment of a foundry, by B. R. Mowry & Sons, supplied a want that was becoming more apparent each year by the increasing number of mills and steamers. The even tenor of prosperity which resulted in incorporation as a town, in 1887, was rudely disturbed on the night of September 2ist, 1888, by the fire which swept away the whole business part of the town, including one church, four hotels, the foundry, and about twenty stores. The devastation was complete, but within a few days building operations were commenced, with the result that we have now a better built and more substantial town than before.

\ 1 A I >I M >N \V I LL1 AMS, merchant, Port \&> Perry, was born in the Township of Reach, Ont., Sept. 8th, 1857, being the son of Edward Williams and Sarah Ann Lakins. His father is one of the oldest settlers of that township, and a successful farmer. Mr. Williams was educated at the public and high schools of Port Perry. At the age of fifteen he was appi enticed to the blacksmith- ing trade, at which he remained eight years ; he then returned to his father's farm, where he remained three years. He then worked at his trade in Port Perry foundry for five years, and in January, 1888, purchased a grocery and liquor establishment in Port Perry. By his efficient and able manage- ment he has extended the business to im- mense proportions. Mr. Williams is a mem- ber of the Masonic Order ; in politics a Reformer, and during election contests ren- ders substantial assistance to his party. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. Mr. Williams was married Dec. loth, 1879, to Mary, daughter of Joseph Calvert, of Port Perry. His family consists of two sons, both attending school.

MADISON WILLIAMS.

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^<r>RADLEY ROE MO WRY, of the ^^ firm of Movvry & Sons, founders and machinists, Gravenhurst, was born May 3ist, 1830, at what is now Cobourg, Ont. Mr. Mowry was educated at the public schools of Peterboro and Ashburnharn. At the age of sixteen he entered his father's foundry and edge tool works, spending six years. He then married Fannie Carew, of Peterboro, and removed to Lindsay, Ont., and opened a foundry and machine works, remaining thirteen years. He then moved to Fenelon Ealls, engaging in the lumber business, and conducting sawmills for seven years, then returning to his old foundry business at Lindsay for six years. In 1882 he took up his residence in the Muskoka District, settling in Gravenhurst, where he has since carried on the largest works of the kind north of Toronto. Mr. Mowry has taken an active interest in municipal affairs, and was on the Council Board for several years. In politics a Liberal ; in religion a Presbyterian. His family consists of seven children, five of whom survive, his three sons being at present in business with their father.

BRADLEY ROE MOWRY.

JAMES SHARPE.

JAMES SHARPE, retired]. P., Graven- hurst, was born March I4th, 1820, in Fifeshire, Scotland. He was educated at the common schools, and at the age of fif- teen began farming, which he followed for three years. He then enlisted in the army, joining the 44th Foot Guards, one year after receiving promotion to Corporal, under Col. S. Berge, during the Afghanistan war. After devoting about two years and a half to military life he was honorably discharged. He then returned to Scotland and farmed for about eight years, then came to Canada with his family and settled in Flamboro' East. Three years later he removed to Muskoka Township, and continued farming for about three years. He was then ship- ping agent for the Muskoka Navigation Co. for twelve years ; afterwards Emigration Agent up to the time of the Mackenzie regime, when he was appointed Inspector of Weights and Measures, soon afterwards retiring. He has taken an active interest in the municipal affairs of Gravenhurst, and has been one of the most active Liberals of his section. In religion he is a Presbyterian.

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.J I ENRY ROBERT KING, Gravenhurst, ^^ was born at Saffron Waldon, Eng., Nov. 22nd, 1850. He is the son of Geo. H. King and Sarah Salmon, both of English birth. He was educated at the public schools of England, and at the age of fifteen took up the business of butchering, which he has since followed. In 1871 he came to Canada, settling in Orillia, where he was employed for about six years. He then removed to Gravenhurst and started busi- ness for himself, where he has since resided, conducting successfully one of the largest businesses of the kind north of Toronto. Mr. King is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, A.O.U.W., Select Knights, S.O.E., and I.O.O.F. In municipal affairs he has always taken an active part, having filled the position of Councillor for twelve years, and is at present Reeve of the town. In politics he is a staunch Liberal ; in religion a member of the Church of England. Mr. King was married in August, 1876, at Orillia, to Louis S., daughter of James Harvey, of South Hanningfiekl, Eng. His familv consists of six children.

HKNRV K011KRT KING.

JOHN THOMPSON HAKVIK.

JOHN THOMPSON HARVIE, lumber- man, Gravenhurst, was born Oct. i7th, 1850, at Orillia. Son of John Harvie and Ellen Thompson, of Scotch birth. They were amongst the early settlers, and wit- nessed a wilderness grow to a prosperous country. Mr. Harvie was educated at the public schools of Orillia, and after leaving school followed the occupation of his father, namely, that of running a line of stages from Orillia to Parry Sound. This was the most extensive line in Canada at one time, having in its service 95 teams of horses. As rail- ways opened up, however, Mr. Harvie entered into the lumber business, this being the leading commodity of that section of country at that time, and, as in former occu- pations, was eminently successful. He has always taken an active interest in the muni- cipal affairs of Gravenhurst, and was first Mayor of the town. In politics he is a Liberal, and has many times been solicited to run for the Local and Dominion Houses. He was married in February, 1873, to Lizzie, daughter of James Millard, Esq. His family consists of six children.

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1NGERSOLL THOMAS TORREY.

TNGERSOLL THOMAS TORREY,agent of Grand Trunk Railway at Graven- hurst and Muskoka Wharf, was born Septem- ber I2th, 1847, at Lebanon, N.Y., being the son of Samuel and Mary Torrey. He was educated at the public schools, and at the age of eighteen went to Louisville, Ky., and took up railroading and steamboating. After four years he returned home and was ap- pointed station agent for the N.Y. & O.M. R.R. at Earlville, N.Y. In 1876 he came to Canada, and was superintendent of theBrant- ford, Norfolk & Port Burwell Railway the first year of its opening, and for seven years agent at Beeton. He removed to Gravenhurst in 1884. Mr. Torrey is a member of the Masonic order, and A.O.U.W. In politics, a Liberal. Was married in 1871 to Alda Woolverton, of Grimsby, Ont. His family consists of two daughters. Miss Daisy A.Torrey is a graduate of the Philadel- phia School of Oratory.

HUNTSVILLE

BY

J. R. REECE.

(3^TUNTSVILLE is a village with a JL! population of 1,800, on the line ^^ of the Grand Trunk Railway, 146 miles north of Toronto, and 81 miles from North Bay. It stands on the banks of the Muskoka River, between Lake Vernon and Fairy Lake, in the midst of a great lumbering district, logs being brought here to be manufactured into lumber a distance of forty miles, via what is known as the East River. It is most beautifully situated, with the Muskoka River running through it, and is well patronized in the summer by tourists. There are about 130 acres of land laid out for camp meeting purposes adjoining the village. This beautiful spot is known as the " Fairy Lake Temperance Camp Associa-

tion Grounds," and has had a large amount of money spent on it in improvements. The place is surrounded by lakes, on which steam- boats ply daily. Captain Marsh owns three of these, which connect with his other boats on the Lake of Bays. Captain McCaw has also one steamboat here and one on the Lake of Bays. Fairy Lake, Vernon Lake, Penin- sular, and Mary Lake abound with salmon trout, and the tributaries of Lake of Bays are alive with speckled trout ; in fact, it is called the " fisherman's paradise." Hunts- ville took its name from an old settler named George Hunt (now deceased), who came from Montreal about twenty-five years ago, and at once proceeded to have 200 acres laid out into village lots, which formed the

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nucleus of the present village. The farms in the vicinity are of a good character for the country, and farmers are generally pros- perous. F. L. Howland, M.D., the genial K« eve of the village, came here about twenty-two years ago from Woodstock, and has done the arduous work of a physician ever since. He now controls the Private Hospital, which is quite a boon to the coun- try. W. J. Ross, M.D., is his assistant. J. W. Hart, M.I)., started a similar institution ten years ago, called the Huntsville Hos- pital, which has been very successful. His assistant is Dr. Clarke. At both these places there is a good staff of trained nurses, and patients have all the comforts of a city hospital. The religious element is repre- sented by an Episcopal church, Rev. Rural Dean Llwyd, minister ; the Presbyterian church (just destroyed by fire), Rev. J. Sieveright, pastor ; the Methodist Church of Canada, in charge of Rev. James E. Wilson. There are also the Free Methodists, Brethren of Christ, and Salvation Army bodies, each doing good work. The following sawmills largely represent the lumbering trade : Huntsville Lumber Co., Whaley Lumber Co., the M. Brennen & Sons Manufacturing Co., and W. A. McGregor. There are three planing factories and an iron foundry owned by W. Craddock, from Wiarton, also a brick yard worked and owned by Ware & Levitt. The Great North-Western Telegraph Com- pany, about twenty-two years ago, opened an office with J. R. Reece as agent, who still occupies the position. The Company has also a branch line running from Huntsville to Dwight and Dorset on the Lake of Bays- The village has telephone service, and electric light, and the council is now negoti- ating for waterworks, which will probably be put in this year. There are four hotels, the Kent House, a large and commodious brick building, kept by J. N. Reid ; the Vernon House (brick), by J. Harper; the Dominion (frame), by J. A. Kelley ; the Queen's (frame), by Edward Pym, all well kept, and every

attention given to guests. A good 'bus meets all trains, and every attention given to baggage. The following societies are in a flourishing condition : Masonic lodge, the Foresters, I.O.O.F., C.O.O.F., A.O.U.W., Sons of England, Sons of Scotland, Macca- bees, and Templars of Temperance. There are a good schoolhouse, in which six school teachers are engaged, two public halls, and a court house and gaol. A bank managed by W. H. Matthews & Co., agents for the Molsons Bank, is conducted in a fine stone building. The law firms of McMurrich, Hodgens, Coatsworth & Grant, and George S. Wilgress" look after the legal requirements of the community. Division Court is held every two months by his Honor Judge Mahaffy. The village is well supplied with drugs, dry goods, groceries, and all other requisite commodities. J. D. Thomas Barber keeps confectionery and cigars, and supplies boats and canoes to all who require them. In April, 1894, the main part of the village was destroyed by fire, but the people at once courageously undertook to rebuild with brick. In the deer season every train brings in a batch of hunters and their dogs. The Dwight Club, of Toronto, owns a fine camp in the vicinity of Lake of Bays, and annually passes through the village on their hunting and fishing excursions. Every fall Mr. T. Townsend, the advance agent of the club, is looked for, and is invariably followed by the president of the Great North-Western Tele- graph Company, the manager of the Mer- chants Bank, the manager of Messrs. Dunn & Co., and other leading men, who pass a week or two in camp and return tanned and robust looking. The youth of Huntsville, in the line of athletics, are fully abreast of the times, and have their well-organized clubs of baseball, lacrosse, football, etc., etc., and during the leafy months enjoy life immensely. This progressive little centre, with its wonderfully healthy environment, has feat- ures of attraction that many larger and older communities do not enjoy.

MEN OF CANADA.

11 /TAXWELL HALL,

JLV I treasurer of the ^^ Huntsville Lum- ber Company, Huntsville, Out, was born, May 2;th, i849,atPeterboro,Ont. He is the son of William and Mar- garet Hall, of County Cavan, Ireland. Mr. Hall received his education at the Peter- boro Collegiate Institute. He then entered mercantile life, at the age of seventeen, occupying for eight years a position of honor and trust • with the well-known firm of Nicholls & Hall, of Peter- boro. He then engaged in the lumber business with Messrs. Boyd, Smith & Co., at Peterboro, and after the dissolution of that firm re- moved to Longford Mills, and for fifteen years was secretary of the Longford Lumber Company. He was held in high esteem by this firm, who manifested their appreciation of his ability by presenting him with a hand- some gold watch. Mr. Hall removed to Huntsville in 1895, becoming a stockholder in the Huntsville Lumber Company, and fill- ing the important position of treasurer of the same. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and in politics a Reformer, always taking an active interest in the welfare of the country. In religion he is a member of the Methodist church, and has filled every office in that religious body, including that of local preacher, with marked ability and acceptance. The place of confidence and respect which he holds in the public mind is the result of his ability and manly, upright life in all his contact with his fellow-men. His

interest in all good movements, whether commercial or religious, is evidenced by his practical efforts to advance the matter in hand. His influence, works, and example are always on the side of moral reform. Mr. Hall was married, in 1874, to Sarah Jane Harper, daugh- ter of John and Mary Harper, of Norwood, Ont. His family consists of four sons and three daughters living. Mr. Hall's family residence is "Dun- brae," Orillia, Ont. During his busy and useful career he has made many warm friends, and is greatly beloved by all who have made his acquaintance.

MEN OP CANADA.

359

VTl/ILLlAMTURNBULL,lumber-

r r man, Huntsville, Ont., was born, in 1848, in Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. He is the son of John and Helen Turnbull, and was educated at the public schools of his native town. He followed the lumber business in Glasgow, Scotland, for six- teen years, came to Canada in 1879, and settled in Orillia, Ont. Here he again went into lumber operations, which he continued for seven years, when he removed to Huntsville, becom- ing a large stockholder in the Hunts- ville Lumber Company. He was soon afterwards appointed to the important

position of secretary of this firm, and at present also occupies the position of secretary-treasurer of the By. East River Improvement Company. Mr. Turnbull is a member of the I.O.O.F., in which order he has held important offices. He has frequently been elected Councillor and School Trustee, and has declined nomination for Reeveship of Huntsville. In politics he is a staunch Reformer, and has been Vice- President of the Reform Association of his district. In religion he is a Presbyterian. Mr. Turnbull was married, in 1870, to Lizzie M., daughter of William and Mary Lightbody, of Glasgow, Scotland.

SUDBURY

BY

A. McCHARLES.

71 MONG Canadian towns Sudbury has a •J^ \ distinct prominence of its own. ^?> It is the nickel mining centre of the world. Last year the output of the few mines lhat are being worked in its immedi- ate neighborhood amounted to 456,000,000 pounds of nickel, and 470,000,000 pounds of copper, with combined value of over $800,000. The wages paid to the miners and others employed in connection with the industry were nearly $300,000 for the year. And only five or six of the fifty or more great ore deposits of the district have been opened.

The history of the town is easily told. The place was started in 1883 as a railway point, being at the junction of the Sault Ste. Marie branch and the main line of the Can- adian Pacific Railway, about midway between Montreal and Port Arthur, and some forty miles back from Georgian Bay — as the crow flies. The population is now over 1,500, about half French and half English. The education of the young is well provided for by a public school employing three teachers, and a separate school with two teachers. The spiritual wants of the people are sup- plied by four churches, Roman Catholic, Pres- byterian, Methodist, and Episcopalian, supplemented by a branch of the Salvation Army. The buildings in the town are mostly of wood, but some brick blocks recently erected would be a credit to many city streets. There are also two excellent private hospitals in the town, which are of special benefit to the district, where so many young men. are employed in the lumber camps, far away from home, and in case of sickness or accident they can get free medi- cal treatment and the most skilful care

under trained nurses by merely purchasing

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a hospital ticket, which costs only $6 a year.

In municipal matters Sudbury has been incorporated as a town, and $50,000 are now being expended in putting in a system of waterworks, sewers, and an electric plant, all of which will be completed before the present season (1896) is over.

In short, an approximate idea of the mag- nitude of the lumbering, mining, and other operations in the district of which Sudbury is the centre may be formed from the single fact that the total business done by the branch of the Ontario Bank there — the only one in the town — exceeded $25,000,000 last year.

JAMES A. McARTHUR, General Man- ager of the Canadian Copper Com- pany's works at Sudbury, Ont., was born in the year 1848, in Glasgow, Scotland, where he received his education. In 1872 he came to Canada, and secured the contract for the roasting and smelting of the ores at Bolton mines, Brome County, Que. He also had charge, as superintendent, of various smelters in the United States prior to the time he took charge of the Canadian Copper Com- pany's works. In Glasgow he had charge of a department in the first Bessemer steel plant instituted in Scotland. He is a good mechanic, and well fitted to fill the various respon- sibilities to which he has been appointed. Hisfidel- ity and skill have largely contributed to the success of the important institu- tions which have been under his care.

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J < f^

IV/TURRAYCLEMENTBIGGAR,

JL\ I Barrister, Sudbury, Ont., was ^^ born in 1860, in the Township of Walpole, Ont. He is the son of James and Pricillia Biggar, who were agriculturists. He was educated at the public schools, Simcoe High School, and Hamilton Collegiate Institute. He spent six years in the British Army in India, Afghanistan, and Egypt, return- ing to Canada in 1 884. He then studied law with the present Judge Fitzgerald, of Port Arthur, and after admission to the Bar began practice in Sudbury, in September, 1891, where he has built up a good practice and made many

friends. He has taken an active inter- est in municipal affairs, and was elected Mayor of the town in 1895. Mr. Big- gar is no novice in military matters, and when in Her Majesty's service was considered a fine soldier, and was one of the popular men of his regiment. When in India he learned the Hindustan, Per- sian, and Pushto languages, passing ex- aminations in the first two. In politics he is a Conservative, and president of the local association. In religion he is a Methodist He was married Sep- tember 26th, 1895, to Etta, daughter of William Cleland, of Collingwood, Ont.

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MEN OF CANADA.

TV LEXANDER PAUL, merchant, ji_ \ of Sudbury, Ont, was born, ^^ in 1849, at Lachute, Que. His father, Alexander Paul, was a native of Forres, Morayshire, Scotland, and came to Canada in 1833, and was married to Margaret Lowe in 1845. Mr. Paul was educated at Lachute Academy. He entered mercantile life at the age of twenty-four, which he followed for twelve years in the Prov- ince of Quebec. The next six years he was traveller for the firms of John Elliott & Co., and Lindsay, Gilmore & Co., Montreal. He opened business in the dry goods line in Sudbury in 1889,

and has now worked up the largest trade of the kind in the place, and is also widely known and highly esteemed. Mr. Paul is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I. O. O. F., I. O. F., A.O.U.W., holding high offices in the same. For seven years he was a member of the Public School Board, and gave intelligent attention to the duties of that office. In politics he is a staunch Reformer, and interested deeply in the welfare of his party. In religion he is a Presbyterian, and active in church work. He was married, in 1879, to Margaret, daughter of Robert Cro- zier, Esq,, of Lachute, Que.

NORTH BAY

I HIS picturesque and prosperous town A- of 2,500 inhabitants is situated on Lake Nipissing, and is the capital of the important district named after that beautiful body of water. This thriving centre is located on a dry, healthy elevation some 650 feet above the sea level, and possesses many natural advantages as a business centre and place of residence. Located on the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, about 360 miles west of Montreal, it is the junction of the Grand Trunk Railway, 230 miles from Toronto. The town derives additional importance from being the site of the Company's shops, roundhouse, etc. It is also the headquart- ers of the local management of some 400 miles of the great C.P.R. system, which is under the supervision of G. J. Bury, Assist- ant Superintendent, and his staff, which, with the employees, make a list of about five hundred men at this point. About fifteen years ago the present site of North Bay was almost a wilderness, with little or no indica- tion of the life and activity which has since appeared in such marked degree. The advent of that stupendous undertaking, the C.P.R., brought life and prosperity to the now well-known Nipissing District. The whistle of the locomotive had scarcely more than sounded in this healthy northern wild before town lots were laid out by the enter- prising Mr. John Ferguson, and a regular boom inaugurated. The whole district felt the new life, and the population began to receive a great increase. In 1881,2,000; 1891, 13,000 ; and during the past four years it has more than doubled, and now amounts to nearly 30,000 people, and the town has become the judicial centre of the Nipissing District.

Among the substantial public buildings may be mentioned a fine brick court house and gaol, registry office, public schools, churches, and some fine blocks of stores, while appropriate County buildings are in contemplation. The civic government of North Bay is in the hands of men of energy and progress, who lose no opportunity to advertise and develop the resources of the community. The substantial improvements which have already appeared evidence the desire of the people to keep abreast of the times, and enjoy all possible facilities in the way of safeguarding health and the protec- tion of property. The splendid waterworks system, costing $3,000, is a great credit to the town, and the highly efficient fire brigade of forty well-trained members, under His Honor Judge Doran as chief, and John Hannen as captain, prevent uneasiness on the part of property holders.

The country surrounding possesses splen- did agricultural possibilities, much of the land being better than any found north of Toronto. Good farms can still be obtained at fifty cents per acre in desirable parts of the Nipissing District. This makes it pos- sible for a determined settler to go on with his axe and hew his way to success. The Town- ship of Widdifield has sent vegetables to the district exhibition which could not be excelled in any part of Ontario. It can be only a matter of time when all the beautiful coun- try within the Nipissing limit will be con- verted into well cultivated and prosperous farms.

In but few places does financial investment receive better returns than in North Bay. It is said on good authority that no property is earning less than 10%, and much of it pro- duces 20%. Good building lots can be got

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reasonably, and there are yet many openings for people of money and enterprise. There is a marked need of good, comfortable resi- dence houses of moderate size. These would rent or sell rapidly, and yield a good return for the outlay.

In the matter of education the town is wide awake. The Central Public School is a fine brick building, costing over $8,000. Principal Mills and his able staff of five assistants are doing splendid work, the ad- vanced classes using the high school cur- riculum. The separate school is also a nice brick building, costing over $5,000. This is in charge of Miss Bryson, principal, and three teachers. The excellent work they are doing is shown by the fact that at their pro- motion examinations one pupil took the highest standing in the district. The entire school attendance of the town is somewhat over six hundred.

North Bay is well supplied with churches. The Roman Catholic body have a commo- dious and comfortable frame edifice, which is attended by many of the leading and pro- fessional men of the place, among whom are found the County Judge, Stipendiary Magis- trate, Sheriff, and some of the prominent legal men. The pastor, Rev. E. Bloem, is a man of great energy and force of character, is much beloved by his people, and exerts a marked influence on the community.

The Presbyterians have a neat frame church, and a good congregation. The minister in charge is Rev. M. Macadam, late of Laval University, Quebec. He is an able preacher, and much respected in the town. The Church of England is a new brick building seating some four hundred people, and when fully completed will be a very nice structure. The cause is in a flourishing condition generally, and the good work done is much appreciated. The Baptist denom- ination have a pretty brick chapel, which has a somewhat small but influential congre- gation. The pastor, Rev. E. J. Bridgman, is a hard worker, sound preacher, and an

important factor in all good work. The Methodist church is a comfortable frame building, literally founded on a rock. The membership and congregation have reached considerable proportions, and the pastor, Rev. A. Henderson, is a man of liberal views, fearless in his presentation of the truth, and makes his influence felt. The nucleus of this work was formed about 1882, when Rev. S. Huntingdon, the first pastor, arrived, and held service with the navvies when the railway was being constructed. He built the first Methodist church in the place, and left his impress on the religious life of the community. The Salvation Army has also made its appearance in this rugged northern town, and in harmony with its use- fulness in other places, has been a power for good in the special work in which it is engaged.

Fraternal societies are not without sub- stantial representation. The Oddfellows have a magnificent hall, and the Masons, Foresters, Workmen, and kindred orders have each a good membership, and are popu- lar on account of the great good they have accomplished.

As a summer resort the town, with its rustic environment, affords much that meets the approval of the crack sportsman, or the tired business man who longs for seclusion and pure air. The boating and fishing on Trout Lake, which is some four miles distant, is ample to meet the desire of the most exacting. This beautiful sheet of water is twelve miles long, very clear and deep, and dotted with numerous picturesque islands.

It is safe to say that the town is proud of its business men, who, in turn, as thoroughly appreciate the town. The men who are leading in commercial lines are known for their integrity and push, and are made of the kind of material which gives permanence and backbone to any growing centre pushing its way to the standing of a first-class Cana- dian town.

MEN OF CANADA.

365

I GUIS PHILIP SNY- ^1 D ER, manager of

^® the Traders' Bank, North Bay, Ont, was born March i6th, 1866, in Acton, Ont. He is the son of Eli and Rachel Snyder, and was educated at the public schools of Acton, where, in 1 88 1, he entered commercial life; removing to Guelph in 1882 he followed the same line of work until 1888. He then entered the Traders' Bank, Elmira, Ont., as ac- countant, which position he filled with such marked ability that on the retire- ment of James Nicol a year later he was appointed man- ager. In order to gain a wider knowledge of the busi- ness, however, he accepted a position as accountant in the Hamilton branch of the same bank in 1892, and after remaining there one year was again sent to Elmira to take the management, where he remained until March, 1895. The North Bay branch was then opened, and Mr. Snyder was appointed manager, which position he now holds. It is very evident that he is a rising young man, of more than ordinary ability, and is destined to succeed, and make a name for himself in the near future. He is one of the young men of this country who have already laid the foundation of a career which will help to consolidate the disturbing elements in society and commercial life, and give stability to the coming decades with their restlessness and discovery. He has embodied in his practice that thoroughness which is so essential to the successful preserva- tion of the twentieth -century progress,

and as he is yet on the sunny side of his prime much may ^surely be expected from him. Mr. Snyder is a member of the I.O.O.F., in which he takes an active interest, and in politics is a Reformer. In religion he is a mem- ber of the Methodist church, hold- ing the office of financial steward. He is also secretary-treasurer of the public library, and had the honor of being one of the movers towards establishing the same. He was married August 1 2th, 1891, to Mary, daughter of the late Samuel Penfold, of Guelph, Ont His family consists of one son and two daughters.

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CANADA.

, merchant, North Bay, Ofit, was born May 1 4th, 1860, in Holland Land- ing, York County, Ont. He is the son of William and Jane Parsons. He received his education at the public schools of his birthplace. He entered mercantile life when quite young, and after continuing in this line and gaining a fine knowledge of business in general he began for himself in North Bay, in 1889, a°d he has now succeeded in building up the most extensive business of the kind in the Nipissing District. He is widely known, and held in the highest esteem by all who have the

pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr. Parsons is a member of the C.O.O.F., I.O.O.F., K.O.T.M., and the I.O.F., at present holding the office of Chief Ranger of the I.O.F. He has taken quite an interest in the municipal affairs of North Bay, and at present holds the offices of Alderman and Chairman of Public Works Committee. In politics he is a supporter of the Conservative party, and takes an active interest in election contests and all matters relating to public affairs. In religion he is a Methodist. He was married January 2oth, 1892, to Lizzie, daughter of Stephen How- ard and Jane Washburn, of Beeton, Ont. Mr. Parsons is a great lover of sports, and takes considerable de- light in shooting, and is regarded as one of the best shots in the country. He is much interested in thorough- bred hunting dogs and is a lover of the animals. Mr. Parsons is a typical man for any community that is desirous of constant development irrespective of the obstacles to overcome. His early training furnished him with the ability and courage to successfully grapple with the difficult problems of business and public life, and no man is better fitted to assist in forwarding the in- terests of the thrifty town to which he belongs. Possessing tact, cheer- fulness, and determination, it is no wonder that his fellows discovered him to be the man to place in the front rank of their public progressive movement in furthering the material advancement of the community.

MKN OF CANADA.

367

JfRTHURCECILRORABECK,Phm.B.,

Vs \.( ., Druggist, North Bay, Ont., was horn, in 1876, at Collingwood, Ont. He is the son of R. H. and L. J. Korabeck. He received his education at the public schools of Collingwood, graduating at the Ontario College of Pharmacy, and taking his degree at the University of Toronto in 1895. He has, however, been entered in the drug busi- ness since 1890. After graduation he located in North Hay, and is now doing the leading chemical business there. He is a rising young man, and likely to give a good account of himself in his chosen calling, and to make a very desirable citizen. Being well qualified, use- ful, and industrious, it is •expected he will secure a large business. In poli- tics he is an Independent; in religion, a member of the Church of Eng- land.

WARREN, ONT.

BY

H. IRVVIN, M.D.

S brisk little town of about 1,000 in- habitants is situated about midway between North Hay and Sudbury, on the eastern division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, in the Nipissing District. It is about 170 miles from Pembroke, the nearest banking town, and is completely surrounded by a splendid farming country. The Veuve River skirts the southern portion of the town and lends beauty and interest to the place.

This lively little centre received its first impress from Klock Bros., who began lum- bering operations there about 1884. They subsequently sold out to the Imperial Lum-

ber Company, who have done much to encourage the growth of the embryo town. The first settlers were, notably, Dr. Warren, Win. Howland,Wm. Gilmore, and A. Brown, who did much to assist the development and progress of the community. The principal local industry is the lumbering business car- ried on by the company just named, and the mills of Keeling & Bowers, both of which employ quite a nurnbar of hands and handle a large output of timber. There are valu- able evidences of mica deposits which it is thought can be developed in large quantities. If this anticipation is realized another im- portant feature will have been added. It is expected that when the possibilities of Warren are better known an important addition to the population will take place, and the treasures of the soil, both in farm produce and mineral deposit, will be secured and brought to enhance the public and individual wealth.

There are seven well-equipped stores which supply the domestic needs of all classes, and prices are as low as is consistent with the facilities for conducting trade. There are also a good bakery, boot and shoe store, and a jewelry store. In fact, the people are well supplied with every requisite necessary to a comparatively new com- munity.

There are two licensed hotels, affording good accommodation to the travelling public. Four churches, consisting of English, Pres- byterian, Methodist, and Roman Catholic, all of which are doing good work in their own particular sphere. There is a good public school with an average attendance of about seventy-five pupils. It is well con- ducted, and is a credit to the town.

Considering the short time Warren has been in existence it has made rapid strides, and its future as a point of business and a place of residence will greatly improve, as the undeveloped resources about it must attract a much greater number of people than have yet arrived.

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MEN

CANADA.

IRWIN, M.D., C.M., and

M.O.C.P. & S., and J.P., Warren, Ont., was born Dec. I2th, 1869, in Pem- broke, Ont. He is the son of James and Matilda Irwin, of that place. Dr. Irwin was educated at McGill College, Montreal, tak- ing the degrees of M.D., C.M., in 1890. He then commenced the practice of medi- cine in connection with the C. P. R. He located in Warren in 1892, where he has succeeded in building up a large practice. He is a member of the I. O. F., and of the Maccabees, in which he holds the office of medical practitioner. He was appointed J. P. in 1895, and is also postmaster of the town. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion a member of the Church of England, holding the office of churchwarden. He was married in 1893 to Minnie, daughter of Charles and Margaret Landers, of Sud- bury, Ont. His family consists of one son and one daughter.

HOUSTON IRWIN.

ALTON, ONT.

BY

WM. ALG1E.

1UORTY-FIVE miles northwest of To- I ronto, and at an elevation of 1,100 feet above Lake Ontario, the Village of Alton stands, one of the most picturesque and healthy spots in the County of Peel. The River Credit runs through the village, and three flouring mills, one foundry, two knitting mills, and the Credit Valley Cream- ery are all driven by its power. These industries furnish employment to nearly 200 people the year round. The Alton Knitting Mills, owned by Mr. Benjamin Ward, is a neat stone building, 32x70, four and a half stories high, and is fitted up with the best machinery procured. The Beaver Knitting Mills are similar to Mr. Ward's, and are owned and operated by Mr. William Algie. The foundry of Mr. Alexander Pick, and

the flouring mills of Meek, McLellan £ McCutchean, are all fitted with up-to-date machinery. The Public Library is a brick building, and contains 3,000 volumes. Three commodious churches and an excellent public school, under the management of Mr. Adam Wilson and Miss Dyer, make up the list of educational buildings. The Alton Mechanics' Band is a progressive musical organization, and the " Orpheus " Orchestra, combined with the Alton Dra- matic Club, furnish choice entertainments during the winter months. The village was a wilderness in 1825, and among the earliest settlers was the " McLellan " family, some of whom are still living on the land they cleared. One of the best known is " Uncle James McLellan," whose picture is given here

MEN OF CANADA.

J.\ M KS McCLELLAN, Sr., Alton, Out., was born January 2Qth, 1821, near the historic town of Queenston, Ont. He is the son of John and Jane McClellan, of the U.S.A., who came to Canada in their child- hood during the War of Independence. They were U.K. Loyalists, being among the first settlers of Canada, and followed farming ilnring the greater part of their lifetime. Mr. MrClellan was educated in the public schools of Caledon, Ont., and followed farm- ing near the village of Alton during his active life. Being a representative man in his line, and having accumulated a competency, he has now retired. In politics he is a Con- servative, and a staunch advocate of the principles of that party. In religion a Congregationalist, holds the office of senior deacon, and is a faithful worker in the church. Mr. McClellan was married July 2Oth, 1854, to Martha Ann Smith, of Alton. Mrs. McClellan died in November, 1866.

J A M KS M CLELLA N .

CORK BAY

REV. J. L. ROBERTSON, M.A.

| HIS beautiful embryo town is situated •*• near the head of the bay from which it takes its name, on the north shore of the Manitoulin Island, nestling as a cosy hamlet amid the hills between the two high bluffs that skirt the bay. It is a young and growing centre of between 500 and 600 in- habitants at the date of this sketch, and is the county seat of the island, or rather the headquarters of the judicial district of the Manitoulin Island. Hacked as it is by a fine tract of farming land, as well as being the centre of a large commercial and industrial

trade of more than half of the large island, it has before it a future of large growth and prosperity. The population consists wholly of industrious, intelligent, energetic trades- men, mechanics, lumbermen, fishermen, and working people, in all the various de- partments of activity necessary to the main- tenance of a town, and to meet the demands of a rapidly growing community. As a shipping port, with the shelter of its fine harbor, with a boat almost daily during the season of navigation, and its volume of summer travel coming and going, it is not

37°

MEN

CANADA.

second to any point on the Island. The shipping and boating facilities are of the best, and these advantages, together with the fine fishing of the adjacent inland lakes, make Gore Bay an attractive and much sought summer resort during the tourist season. In the beauty of its situation it rivals all points between Collingwood, Owen Sound, and Sault Ste. Marie, and for salu- brity of climate and a healthful, bracing air it surpasses all. While some find a draw- back in its insular position, to the larger number of residents and visitors this feature gives to the place an added charm, especially during the summer season.

Of the industries, fishing may be mentioned as an important one, the chief dependence of a number of its most enterprising citizens, and a help to the general business. The Purvis Bros, and Mr. Holden are names prominently and favorably known in this connection. The handsome and commo- dous homes which they have erected for themselves testify to their vigorous enter- prise, good success, and progressive spirit. To hear them relate their thrilling and peril- ous experience when overtaken by storms upon the watejs, and to learn of their fear- less battle against fearful odds, makes one feel that their successes are indeed hard- earned and well deserved. The Fraser Bros, and William Thorburn are also to be mentioned among the enterprising spirits helping to build up and develop this growing centre of business and social life. Among other prominent business men are Messrs. D. I. Millar, J. Mutchmore, D. Bickell, and the Jackson Bros., general merchants. Two hardware stores do a large business ; of these, W. Thorburn and E. L. Brazener are the proprietors. There are two harness- making and supply shops conducted by E. L. Brazener and Mr. J. Fisher. The Leask Bros., whose father conducts the furniture store, are the proprietors of the planing mill, sash and door factory, etc., and are enter- prising men contributing much to the im-

provements in progress, and by their energy and inventive genius give good promise of doing yet more in the future. Two tailor- ing shops, two sons of St. Crispin, three blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, one car- penter shop, one pump factory,one watch and clock repairing shop, and several dressmak- ing millinery establishments, one bakery, two meat shops, one barber shop, one flour and feed store, one livery stable, one confection- ery store and dining restaurant, two drug stores, and two doctors, enter into the make-up of this growing place. Dyment's saw and grist mill, under the management of Mr. John Fraser, the present popular mayor, contributes materially to the general pros- perity, but the lumbering business in the island is nearing its end.

As protection in case of fire, the town sup- ports a fire engine and hose reel, and hook and ladder company, with neat fire hall and bell tower, in which is placed a fine-toned bell which rings out the hours of morning, noon, and eve, as a reminder and guide to all.

The Gore Bay school, under the very effi- cient superintendence of its present popular and able principal, Mr. Keys, with three assistant teachers, is one of the most inter- esting and important institutions of which the town boasts, and the large number of bright, intelligent, eager, studious boys and girls speaks well for the place. Three churches, Presbyterian, Episcopal, and Methodist, show what is being done in car- ing for the spiritual interests of the people.

Three hotels afford needed and comfort- able accommodation for the travelling public and summer tourists, and are nearly always well filled. But time and space fails to tell all that can be said of this lively and prom- ising little town, and what is here written may show that it is worthy of the brief de- scription given, and that it will be found a prominent and important centre and tourist resort in the near future of our Dominion.

MKN OF CANAI>A.

37'

. JOHN L. ROBERTSON, M.A., pastor of the Pres- byterian church, Gore Hay, Ont, was born February i4th, 1838, on Queenston Heights, Ont, near Brock's monument. His father was John Robertson, of Nairnshire, Scotland, and his mother Jean, daughter of John Taylor, also of Scotland. Mr. Robert- son was educated at Westminster Col- lege, New Wilmington, Pa. He took his theological course at Xenia, Ohio, having been reared in the United Pres- byterian Church of North America. He was ordained in 1867 at Walton, Huron County, Ont. His pastoral charges have been at Walton and Strabane, Ont., also in Pennsylvania for some years. For the past six years he has been engaged in mission work in Parry Sound and Algoma districts. His con- gregation speak of him as being a man of sterling worth, a careful student and deep thinker, possessed of a warm and generous nature, and fearless in expressing his convictions. In politics Mr. Robertson has been a life-long Reformer, and a warm supporter of that party. He has been married twice. His first marriage was with Mary Jane, adopted daughter of the late Rev. John Russell, D.I)., of Stam- ford, Ont., Sept. 3rd, 1860, by whom he had three sons and one daughter. His second marriage was to Alice, eldest daughter of the late G. R. Appleby, of Car- lisle, England, June 8th, 1893. His eldest son, John R. Robertson, is prothonot- ary of Venongo County, Pa.,

U.S.A., and is among the most promi- nent men of Franklin, being a staunch Republican, and wields a strong influ- ence. His second son, William M., is a graduate of Trinity Medical College, Toronto, and Guy's Hospital, London, Fng., now practising medicine at War- ren, Pa. His third son is Rev. J. M. Robertson, B.A., of Emporium, Pa. His daughter Jean A. is also a B.A., and is the wife of Rev. D. S. L. McNary, H.A., pastor of the U. P. church of Mumford, N.Y. Mr. Robertson and his sons and daughters are all graduates of Westminster College. He is an enthu- siastic lover of his country.

372

MEN

CANADA.

\YlLLIAM A- M- HELLWOOD, pub- lisher, Little Current, Ont., was born in 1864, at Newcastle, Durham County, Ont. His father was John Bellwood, a native of England, and his mother was Minerva Ann Munroe, of Newcastle, Ont. Mr. Bellwood was educated at the schools of Newcastle and Pickering College, and commenced teaching at the age of 24, and followed that line for four years as principal of the public school of Little Current. Sub- sequently he bought the Maiiitoulin Expositor, which he is now publishing. Mr. Bell- wood is thoroughly adapted to the profes- sion of journalism, and has made his paper one of the most popular and influential weeklies to be found north of Toronto. Being an Independent politically, he is free from- that narrowness so frequently found in partisan ranks. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also of the K.O.T.M., having held the office of Junior Deacon in the former, and that of Chaplain in the latter. He is also License Commissioner for the Manitoulin District. In politics he is an Independent ; in religion a Methodist.

WILLIAM A JM. 15ELLWOOD.

DAVID IRVINE MILLAR.-

®<7NAVID IRVINE MILLAR, merchant, •*^J Gore Bay, Ont., was born in 1861, in Oxford Township, Grenville County, Ont. He was the son of David and Jane Millar, of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, who came to Canada in 1833. Mr. Millar began his education at the public schools and finished at the Commercial College, Ottawa. He began business at the age of 18, in produce and live stock. He settled in Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., in 1888, and three years later removed to Gore Bay, opening a general store, where he has the most successful business in the town. He is a member of the Knights of Maccabees and A.O.U.W., in both of which he has held important offices. He is a member of the Council at Gore Bay, and fills the position with credit to himself and satisfaction to the public. He is president of the local board of the Provincial Building and Loan Association, of the Liberal Reform Association of his district, and vice-president of the district association. In religion he is a Baptist. Mr. Millar was married October i8th, 1893, to Clara E., daughter of Francis Silverthorn, of Peel County, Ont.

UTTLJB CURRENT

HY

W. A. M. BELLWOOD.

I I ITU: CURRENT, with a population ^•^ of 1,000 souls, is situated on the north shore of the Manitoulin Island and on the direct route of the Great Northern Transit Company, and the North Shore Navigation Company connecting Col- lingwood, and the Brown line of steamers connecting Windsor with Sault Ste. Marie. The town was named by the Ojibway Indians Wa-be-jo-ong, which means " running water," and appropriately so, as being situ- ated on a narrow channel between the two large bodies of water, viz., Georgian Bay and North Channel, the wind causes a differ- ence in the level of the waters thus sending a current through this small channel. When surveyed about 1864 by D. C. O'Keefe, P.L.S., for the Indian Department, the place was named Shaftesbury, which name is now used only in official records. The pioneers are Donald McKenzie, and his son Wm. McKenzie, Bryan Mackey, G. B. Abrey, D.L.S., now of Toronto Junction ; David Miller, of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. ; Capt. Geo. Burkitt, who was lost on the " Waubuno " in 1879 ; Wm. Griffith, Coun- cillor Oliver, T. J. Fatten, D.L.S., and Humphrey May, the Utter being the first white child born on the Manitoulin.

Little Current is somewhat interesting from a geological point of view. In its neighborhood and in the town is found the rock formation containing natural gas. This has been discovered where deep drilling for water was necessary, and possibly on develop- ment it might prove of economic value to smelt the hematite, specular and magnetic iron ores found in the Huronian formation of rock on the mainland, a few miles to the north. The charter for the Manitoulin and

North Shore Railway to connect Little Cur- rent (the only available point of connection with the mainland) with the C.F.R. was obtained by the late A. F. Kilganan, resident superintendent of public works in the town, who had a preliminary survey of the road made. The charter has recently been sold to New York capitalists, who will build it immediately. The town also has both telegraph and telephone communication with all parts, and is the centre of the lum- bering district of East Algoma. It is the headquarters for six lumbering firms, viz. : J. & T. Conlon, J. & T. Charlton, Raines- bottom & Spencer, C. Anderson, Thompson Smith's Sons, and W. L. Herrirnan & Son. There are four sawmills, with a capacity of about 50,000,000 feet for the season, two shingle mills, three lath mills, and two planing mills. The major portion of the lumber goes to the American market. The travelling public is well cared for by three good hotels, and the retail business is con- ducted by two hardware stores, three dry goods and grocery stores, two grocery and confectionery stores, one jewelry store, one drug store, one bakery, one fancy store, one harness shop, two clothinghouses, one photo- graph gallery, one barber shop, two black- smith shops, one carriage shop, three livery stables, three butcher shops, three furniture stores, one printing and job office, the Mani- toulin Expositor, and one flour and feed store. In the town the fraternal societies are repre- sented by the Independent Order of Forest- ers, Maccabees, and Ancient Order of United Workmen. There are two doctors, one sur- veyor, and a customs officer. The religious community is supplied by four churches, the Methodist, Presbyterian, English, and Catho-

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lie. There is a public school of three divis- ions, employing three teachers, a handsome music hall, a splendid brass band, and a string band.

The fishing industry is carried on very extensively by tugs and sailboats. The principal kinds of fish caught are whitefish, trout, pickerel, and black bass. The town is well protected against fire by a well organ- ized fire brigade, a good fire engine, and a hook and ladder company. The exports besides lumber and fish are telegraph poles, paving, ties, cattle, sheep, pigs, hay, pota- toes, grain, fur, hides, etc., and blueberries and cranberries in large quantities.

There could be no better opening than Little Current for a roller flour mill, a foundry, pulp mills, and a woollen factory. The time cannot be far distant when these and other avenues of enterprise will be entered by men of money and ability, which will greatly increase the population.

Martin Bros. There are five churches, namely, Church of England, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Baptist. High and public schools, several hotels, two of them first class. Two railways, the C.P.R. and G.T.R. systems. Two tele- graph lines, and a telephone system, a public library and reading room. In these days, when steam and electric railways bring the large centres near by, it is frequently quite difficult for small towns to hold their own, to say nothing of increasing their volume of trade. Thus far, Mount Forest has been able to retain and cultivate the business to which she is geographically entitled, and, being surrounded by a splendid agricultural country, has reason to expect a prosperous future. The town, socially, morally, com- mercially, and educationally, is very desirable, and all things considered is fully abreast of other Canadian towns, either as a business centre or place of residence.

MOUNT FOREST

BY

W. C. PERRY.

|HE town of Mount Forest, in the County -*- of Wellington, Ontario, is beautifully situated on the Maitland River, which flows into the Saugeen River. The site was laid out as a town plot by the Government in its original surveys of the Counties of Wellington and Grey, being at that time partly in each County, but subsequently in- corporated into the County of Wellington, in or about the year 1865. The town has grown to be a bustling business centre of about 2,500 population, commanding a large farming trade. Besides the smaller con- cerns usual to small towns, there is a large furniture factory employing about fifty hands, a foundry engaging about twenty hands, a large flour mill and woollen mills, also the celebrated oatmeal mills of the

JAMES A. HALSTED, Banker, Mount Forest, Ont., was born in Ontario County, Ont., in the year 1841. In 1859, he removed to Listowel, where he was first employed in a store as clerk, and in 1861 engaged in store keeping and milling on his own account. He successfully conducted this business until 1877, when he removed to Mount Forest, and engaged in private bank- ing, which he has since continued, and has become one of the most successful bankers in that part of the country. In 1863 he was married to Miss Hacking, daughter of W. H. Hacking, Esq., post- master of Listowel, Ont. He has served in the town council for several years. He was three terms Reeve, and also three terms Mavor. In politics he is a Lib- eral.

MKN op CANADA.

H DAWE, Collingwood, Ont., was born March 2nd, 1847, at Taunton, Somersetshire, Eng. He is the son of Samuel Dawe and Emma Jane Skinner, both of English birth. His father, who still resides at the old English home, successfully fol- lowed the manufacture of cutlery, etc., until 1886, when he retired. Mr. Dawe was educated at the National schools of his na- tive town, and at an early age apprenticed to the tailoring business, which occupation he has since followed. In 1873 he came to Canada, settling in Toronto, where he re- mained nine years, then went north and set- tled in Collingwood. He opened his present business in 1896, and bids fair to succeed. If the numerous medals he has received from Canadian and American Associations for work produced is any guarantee of his ability, he will no doubt secure a very large patronage. Mr. Dawe is a member of the I.O.O.F., in politics a Conservative, and in religion a Baptist. He was married July I7th, 1860, to Emma Jane, daughter of Wm. Phillips of Taunton, Eng. His family con- sists of four sons and two daughters.

ELIJAH DAWK.

KKV. WILLIAM HMVAN.

/. WILLIAM BEVAN, rector of St. Paul's Church, Mount Forest, and Dean of the County of Wellington, was born November 5th, 1854, in the west of England. His parents were Anthony and Dorothy Bevan, the former dying when our subject was quite young. He was educated at Morunouth grammar school, and came to Canada at the age of 20 and began to attend Huron College, where he graduated and was ordained to the diaconate in 1878, and to the priesthood the following year. After serving in the diocese of Huron for a time, he went to England and labored in the dio- ceses of London and Ely. He returned to Canada about the year 1887, and was ap- pointed to West Flamboro for a time, after which he was transferred to Mount Forest, where he has labored until the present time with much acceptance. He is also the highly esteemed and influential chaplain of the A.F. and A.M. He was married in May, 1882, to Anna, daughter of Dr. Biggar, of Indianapolis, U.S. He has six children, all of whom are at home. In politics, Mr. Bevan is Conservative.

COLJvINGWOOD

15Y

FRED. T. HODGSON.

HE progressive town of Collingwood is situated on the south shore of Georgian Bay near its eastern end. The Harbor is about six miles east of the Blue Mountains, the highest range of hills in Ontario. The town is 75 miles from Toronto, 118 miles from Hamilton, and is on the direct line of travel between the Atlantic seaboard and the great Northwest, and situated in one of the wealthiest and most progressive portions in the province. It also has the advantage of possessing one of the finest harbors on Lake Huron, and is at the extreme eastern limit of navigation from the Upper Lakes. The town owns the finest dry dock on the Canadian lakes. It is built of limestone, is 350 feet long and 85 feet wide, with 15 feet of water on the mitre sill. There is nearly ten miles of water front within the town limits, much of it still at the disposal of the town for manu- facturing purposes. The fishing industry at this port is the largest in the world on fresh water, and employs over 450 men, goo miles of nets, and upwards of an hundred fishing craft of various kinds. The catch averages 2,500,000 pounds annually. There are numerous industries in town, among which are three sawmills of large capacity, a large pork and meat packing factory — having a kill- ing capacity of over 1,000 hogs per day — three planing mills, tanneries, flour mills, foundry, machine shop, broom factory, bis- cuit factory, spice and condiment factory, and many other smaller but important industries. Three lines of railroads branch out from the town leading respectively to Toronto, Hamilton, and Meaford, and all intervening towns, and tickets may be pro- cured here for any part of the world.

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Two magnificent lines of steamers sail from this part, for all points on the upper lakes, consisting of twelve of the finest and safest steamers on fresh water. " The Cities of Collingwood and Midland " of one line, and the " Majestic " and " Pacific " of the other, are palatial in appointments and fittings, generous in their dimensions, and are well patronized by summer tourists from all parts of the world.

The town is famed for its hostelries, and has the reputation of being better equipped in this respect than any place of its size in Canada. There are seven hotels, the most popular of which are the " Globe " and the " Central." There is a splendid service of excellent water, with mains on all the princi- pal streets. The electric light plant for public and private service also belongs to the town. There is a Collegiate Institute with an average of 300 pupils, and an ade- quate staff of teachers ; also a full comple- ment of common schools, with accommoda- tion for 1,200 scholars. The principal part of the town is built up of fine red brick, many of the stores and residences being faced with pressed brick and gray stone facings. The schools, several of the churches and all the hotels are of brick. There are seven large churches in the town, covering nearly every denomination. Most of the sidewalk on the main streets is very wide, and formed of granolithic cement. There are several miles of paving brick sidewalk on the surrounding streets. The city hall is a fine structure built in Flemish style, of pressed brick and gray stone trimmings, and con- tains, besidest he necessary offices, a com- modious and well-appointed opera house, capable of seating 1,400 people. A splendid

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fountain, a gift to the town by the W.C.T.U. of Collingwood, stands in front of the hall. There are four large wholesale stores, and over twenty retail stores of one kind and another. In 185 j it was virgin forest where the town now stands. In 1855, the Ontario, Simcoe & Huron Railroad made the Hen & Chickens Harbor (Collingwood) the north- ern terminus, and the town was laid out, streets made, and the place became settled rapidly. At this writing (1896) there are between five and six thousand inhabitants in town, and the number is being increased rapidly. They are chiefly natural born Can- adians, or people from the British Isles. Among the leading men of the town at this date are Messrs. Long & Bro., Telfcr Bros., Chas. Stephens & Co., E. Fair & Co., wholesale dealers ; John Nettleton, mer- chant tailor ; B. Callary, Mayor ; Geo. Wat- son, Collector of Customs ; Chas. Cameron,

Jas. Guilfoyle, merchants ; Geo. Henderson, John Rowland, Thos. Collins, Robt. Bur- dett, John Duncan, John Chamberlain, John Hogg, and Win. J. Frame, Police Magis- trates. There are four newspapers, the old- est being the Enterprise, Conservative, edited by J. Brady, Esq., and owned by Win. A. Hogg. The linlletin, edited by D. Williams, jr., and owned by Win. Williams, B.A., Reform. The Xorth Simcoe Free Lance, Fred T. Hodgson, editor and proprietor, published in the interest of D'Alton Mc- Carthy, Independent. The Northern Pres- byterian, religious and independent, Rev. Dr. McCrae, editor and proprietor.

The Masons, Oddfellows, Orangemen, Foresters, Workmen, Select Knights, Mac- cabees, Chosen Friends, Sons of England, and Good Templars, all have flourishing lodges in the town, and there are a number of clubs and social societies besides.

\yiLLIAM L.NICHOLS, Crown Lands Agent, was born in the County of York in 1844. He is the youngest son of the late William Nichols, Esq., of Hull, Yorkshire, Eng., who settled in the Township of Mark- ham about 1819, where] he remained until his death in 1879. Mr. Nichols was edu- cated at the old Markham grammar school and Toronto Normal school, afterwards taught for about ten years. In 1884 he set- tled in Thessalon, and was shortly after appointed Crown Lands Agent, and was subsequently made a Justice of the Peace, Commissioner in H.C.J., and Division Court Clerk. Mr. Nichols carries on insurance business, is chief conveyancer of the town, and edits the Algoma Advocate. Member of the Masonic fraternity, K. of P., and C.O.F. In religion, an Episcopalian; in politics, a Reformer. He has been twice married, first in 1875 to Miss Maggie Jones, second in 1888 to Miss Kate Hill.

WILLIAM L. NICHOLS.

THESSALON

P,Y

W. L. NICHOLS.

* I HE town of Thessalon was incorporated J- by special Act of the Legislature in 1892, and is situated at the mouth of the Thessalon River, about fifty miles east of Sault Ste. Marie, and is one of the chief lake ports on the north shore. The first settlement of any importance was made about the year 1874, when N. Dyment, Esq., of Barrie, commenced lumbering operations in the vicinity, and erected a large lumber mill shortly after. This mill was destroyed by fire in 1888, and a new one of larger capa- city built the following year, which is still in operation. The first store was opened in 1877 by Mr. Samuel Marks, formerly of Bruce Mines. He was followed in 1888 by J. B. Dobie, Esq., who was the then junior partner of the firm of Marks, Dobie & Co. In 1889 the business of this company was wound up, and the new firm of Dobie & Co., with J. B. Dobie as manager, took the business? which is still carried on by them. The other general merchants in town are W. Ketch & Son, Glanville & Co., and T. Buch- anan. There are several millinery and dress- making establishments, one bakery, several small groceries, three well-conducted hotels, three blacksmith shops, carriage shops, drug store, etc., etc. The press is represented by the A Igoma A dvocate, Liberal, a neatly gotten up sheet, considered by its readers to be the leading paper of the district. An important element in the local business done is the large supplies which are sent out from Thes- salon to the lumber camps in the vicinity. The taking out of pulp wood is also an

industry that has been prosecuted consider- ably during the past five or six years, large quantities of this commodity being taken out by the settlers. The population of the town is at present about 1,000, with pros- pects of a steady increase. The settlement of the surrounding country commenced about 1876, and has gone on gradually increasing ever since. The locality received an impetus in 1886 in the construction of the Soo branch of the CP.R., although the company have placed their station about three miles distant from the business part of the town. In 1889 Thessalon received a heavy blow by the failure of some American lumbering concerns operating in the neigh- borhood. The place was some time recover- ing from this disaster. In 1895 a new steamboat dock was built by the Dominion Government on the west side of the point. It is an excellent dock, and a great boon to steamboat men, but it is a long distance from the business portion of the town. A complete system of waterworks also has lately been put in by the corporation. Mr. A. E. Dyment, M.P., the lately elected Liberal member of the Commons for Algoma, has his residence here, and carries on the lumbering business of N. & A. E. Dyment. There is a large area of good farming lands in the neighborhood, and some excellent settlements in the surrounding townships. The Ontario Government has an agency for the sale of Crown Lands, as has also the Indian Department of the Dominion Government.

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J A Mi'.s B. DOIUK, Merchant, Thessa- lon, Ontario, was born in 1852, in Toronto. His father was John Dobie, and his mother's name was Isabella Russell, both of Dumfriesshire, Scotland. They came to Canada and settled in Middlesex County in 1849, soon after removing to Toronto, where Mr. Dobie followed the trade of stone cutting, etc., for a time, afterwards living in .Owen Sound for some years, where he died. He was educated at the Public schools of Chatsworth, Out., and learned the printing business at the old Times office, Owen Sound, where he was apprenticed at the age of fourteen years. When sixteen, he engaged in the mercantile line. In 1869, he went to Bruce Mines, where for ten years he was in the employ of Mr. Marks. He then took up his resi- dence in Thessalon, and started business on his own account in the stand which he occupies. Being one of the pioneer settlers of the town he saw many ups and downs, but has surmounted all difficulties, and has to-day charge of the leading and most prosperous business in Thessalon. He is a member of the C.O.F., K. of P., K.O.T.M., in all of which he has held important offices. He was appointed Postmaster in 1889, which office he still holds. He has also held nearly all the offices which the municipality has to offer, all of which he has filled most acceptably. In politics he isan Independent; in religion a Method- ist, holding the important office of

now

superintendent of the Sabbath school, and is also a most acceptable local preacher. His life and efforts are invariably on the side of moral and social reform, and he wields a wide influence for good. Mr. Dobie was married in 1873 to Miss Mary, daughter of the late Samuel Lobb, of Port Arthur. His family consists of six sons and three daughters. His eldest son James is a civil engineer, at the present time assisting in laying out the Soulanges Canal from the St. Lawrence River to Lake Champlain. His second son is a graduate of Toronto Business College.

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OPS CANADA.

CHURCH OF OUR LADY OF GRACE, Hull, Que., is one' of the most imposing ecclesias- tical structures in the Dominion of Canada. The progress of the Roman Catholic parish of Hull is an interesting story. The city of Hull was founded, almost a century ago, by Mr. Philemon Wright, grandfather of the late Alonzo Wright, King of the Gatineau. In 1 846 Mr. Kuggles Wright, a son of this gentleman, though himself a Protestant, donated two building lots as a site for a Catholic chapel to accommodate those of that religion who were in his employ- ment. Before the end of the same year a modest chapel had been built, and divine service held by Rev. F. Durocher, O.M.I., and this good work was con- tinued by others until the arrival of Rev. Father Reboul, one of Hull's most signal benefactors. The zeal of Father Reboul conspired to decide the destiny of the little wooden chapel, and in 1868 the foundations of a new church were laid. The church was large and mas- sive, evidently built not so much for the present as for the future. In 1869 service was held in the basement, but it was not until the following year that the church was completed, and for al- most twenty years this church served as a place of worship for the Catholics of that district. In 1880, and again in 1886, fire swept away the result of years of patient labor, and on June 5th, 1888, the most terrible visitation in this re- gard took place, which destroyed the church, the presbytery and the Convent of the Sisters. This was the saddest blow of all, and the most difficult from which to recover, as a large debt remained on the destroyed church. Providence and Episcopal authority had entrusted the parish of Hull to the care of the Oblate Fathers, and in the days of adversity they did not shrink from the task, and the imposing church

which rose from the ruins of its prede- cessor stands a splendid monument to their generosity and spirit of self-sacri- fice. Rev. Father Cauvin, then Supe- rior of the Hull Community, set himself to the work of erecting a new church, and, on September i5th, 1889, Arch- bishop Duhamel presided at the laying of the corner stone. In the meantime, the health of Father Cauvin declined so rapidly that he requested his supe- riors to transfer to a younger man the direction of affairs, and, in January, 1890, Rev. Father Lauzon, O.M.I., came from Montreal just in time to receive Father Cauvin's last breath.* The building was pushed forward with the greatest energy, and, on August 2ist, 1892, Hull celebrated a great feast, being the occasion of the blessing of the new church, the pride and glory of the city. This church is one of which any city might well be proud. Its style of architecture is composite, being a union of the Roman and Byzantine, and produces a most pleasing effect, while the majestic spire is 260 feet high. To the casual observer it would seem that an intolerable burden had been imposed upon a laboring population in the erec- tion of these buildings, but such is not the case. The Christian Brothers' Col- lege is due to the intelligent and un- tiring zeal of Rev. Father Reboul, and cost the parish but little. St. Anthony's School, under the direction of the Grey Nuns, is a present from Father Cauvin. Nor are the Oblates rich, the only means at their disposal being their self- denial, business capacity, and the slen- der resources of the poor amongst whom they are called to work. These means have been sufficient, however, to build the greatest monuments the world has ever seen, and the Oblate Fathers have remained true to their motto: "To preach the Gospel to the poor He hath sent me."

MEN or CANADA.

G. FAKWELL, merchant, Sault Ste. Marie, was born June njth, 1872, in Oshawa, Out. He is the son of Arthur W. and Orillia J. Farwell, who fol- lowed fruit fanning and exporting, also that of manufacturing barrels, etc., and dealer in coal. Our subject was educated at the public school at Spannony, and graduated at the Ontario business College, Belleville. He began mercantile life at the age of 17 in Oshawa, removing to Sault Ste. Marie, in March, 1895, where he opened up a hardware business, and is exhibiting that push, pluck, and energy which is likely to gain the patron- age of the best portion of the community, and to assure him a leading position in mer- cantile life. Mr. Farwell is a member of the R.T. of T. and of the I.O.O.F., and has held all the offices in the former lodge. In politics he is a staunch Reformer, is record- ing secretary of the Young Liberals, and takes an active interest during election con- tests. In religion he is an official member of the Methodist Church, and one of the active workers in all departments of the church.

NELSON MM I'M IN.

r

CKO. G. KAkWKI.L.

E LSO N S I M PSO N , Harrister-at-La w, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., was born July i8th, 1866, at Trenton, Ont. He is a son of James Simpson, a native of Sligo, Ireland, and Amanda Lucy, daughter of Reuben Young, of Murray Township. Mr. Simpson was educated at Toronto University, and ob- tained the degree of H.A. in June, 1886, tak- ing during his course honors in mathema- tics and metaphysics. He was called to the Bar in 1891, hiving taken two scholarships and the gold medal on being called to the Bar. He at once began practice in Sault Ste. Marie, where he has since remained, and has already made his mark by establish- ing a most successful practice, having the confidence and patronage of the best clients in the locality. For a man of his years he has made marked progress in his profession, and from present indications it is safe to pre- dict for him an important and successful future in legal circles. In politics Mr. Simpson is a Reformer, and an active official member of the Methodist Church. He was married in June, 1894, to Amanda, daughter of the late John Ferguson, of Toronto.

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CANADA.

EDWARD NOBLE.

JOHN B. WAY, agent of the C.P.R., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., was born December loth, 1865, at Port Hope, Ont. He is the son of Capt. J. H. and Charlotte E. Way. He was educated at the Public schools of Columbus and Whitby, and fol- lowed telegraph operating until 1884, when he entered the employ of the C.P.R. as agent at Thorncliffe, removing to Thessalon in 1889. He was train despatcher at Algoma, Webbwood, and North Bay, and from thence he went to Sudbury as agent, locat- ing at Sault Ste. Marie in 1893. He is a member of the A.F. and A.M. ; in politics, a Con- servative ; in religion, a member and warden of the Church of England. He was married in 1887 to Rebecca, daughter of Jas. Johnson, of North Bay.

NOBLE, merchant, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., was born June i8th, 1862, in Dufferin County, Ont. He is the son of James and Sarah Noble, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of England. Mr. Noble was educated at the Public schools of Dufferin County. He worked on his father's farm until he was twenty- seven years of age, when he located at Sault Ste. Marie, and entered mercantile life on his own account. He has already succeeded in building up a business on which he may be congratulated. He is a member of the I. O.K., and has held all the offices the Order affords, is also a member of the K.O.T.M. Owing to pressure of business he has declined municipal honors, which have been urged upon him. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion an honored and useful member of the Methodist Church. He was married Nov. 6th, 1890, to Miss Ruth Ewing, of Dufferin County.

ANDREW HUNTER, drug- gist, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont., was born in January, 1862, at Clarksburg, Ont. His father was Walter Hunter, of Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and his mother Jane Telfer, of Sutherlandshire. Mr. Hunter was educated at the Public schools of Clarksburg, gradu- ating at the Ontario College of Pharmacy, Toronto, in February, 1883, with honors. He commenced business in 1885, in the town of Simcoe, Ont., and located in Sault Ste. Marie in 1887. He is a D.D.G.M. of the I.O.O.F., and has held positions in the municipality. In politics he is an Independent; in religion a Presbyterian. He was married in Octo- ber, 1887, to Julia, daugh- ter of Alexander Graham, of Barrie, Ont. His fam- ily consists of two chil- dren.

TORONTO

THE QUEEN CITY of the banner -^- province was never more worthy of her title than in this closing decade of the nineteenth century. The regal robes she has so long and appropriately worn appear increasingly becoming to her more mature grace and beauty, while her moral and social virtues give permanence to her splendid in- tellectual and commercial progress. Ap- proaching the Capital of Ontario from any point by land or water, the attention of the visitor is at once arrested by the imposing outline of the great city before him. On every hand as far as the eye can reach are evidences of energy and development of un- usual character. This feeling of pleasure and surprise is intensified by an interior examination of the city, which reveals in abundance all the up-to-date facilities and appliances of a modern metropolis, The massive buildings with their costly and hand- some appointments charm the architectural eye. The beautiful and well-laid-out streets, the spacious parks and exquisitely beautiful lawns and gardens, the enchanting drives and the incomparable boating, make it the objective point of thousands of tourists who from year to year do the continent. The unsurpassed network of steam and electric railways that afford quick transit to all de- sirable points greatly enhances the possi- bility of business or the pleasure of leisure hours. The never-ceasing hum of industry and the whirl and rush of business greet the ears of both citizens and strangers, and the steady stream of commerce into and out of the city echoes the life beat of nearly one quarter of a million of people. The princely educational institutions of the city, the majestic halls of her legislators, and the

splendid legal and commercial courts of

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Toronto are in harmony with the dignity of the Provincial Capital.

What of the future of the Queen City ? Some able and prophetic minds predict that in less than a quarter of a century her popu- lation will have increased to half a million of people. If the prophecy crystallizes into fact, those who are now making the history of Toronto are consciously or unconsciously laying the foundation of a mighty moral and commercial centre, from which will proceed a force that will largely mould the destiny of its entire provincial environment. Closely allied to speculation concerning the future possibilities of a place or an institution is the curiosity to know its origin and early history. What Toronto is we know, what she will become does not appear, what she was a century ago may be known by refer- ring to her old landmarks, many of which are yet well preserved either in substance or in history.

About one hundred years ago, mud, moist- ure, and mosquitoes occupied the present site of the Queen City. Those were days of freedom from taxation and civic debt. No tramp of uniformed police was heard in the land, nor did the ward politician approach looking for votes and influence. There were no evening clubs to keep the good housewife in suspense, nor any five o'clock teas to in- dulge feminine gossip, and allow notes to be compared on fashion. No licensed liquor traffic furnished the incentive to crime, with costs to be paid out of the public treasury. These were the days of tranquillity undis- turbed by the evils inseparable from civiliza- tion, and the ceaseless tramp of the oncom- ing multitude.

Sometime in the first decade of the pres- ent century the first house was built by one

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MEN OF* CANADA.

" Givins," on a short street of that name in the neighborhood of the present [Asylum building. It still remains in a remarkably good state of preservation, and, so far as known, is the oldest house in the city. In connection with this landmark may be mentioned the residence of Governor Sim- coe, which was built by His Excellency about this time, or a little later, and which has a history romantic enough to furnish the plot for a good story. Around this building, called "Castle Frank," clustered much of the social and court life of the first Governor of Upper Canada, his councils, receptions, etc., being generally held in this quaint old frame building, which stood near the north- ern boundary of St. James' cemetery. The site of this historic viceregal court can yet be located without much difficult)'. Later, but not less interesting, may be noticed the little brick house on York street, where the intrepid reformer, William Lyon Mackenzie, lived and planned the rebellion. This build- ing, which is still standing, was occupied by the rebel chief in 1836, and under its roof he thought, arranged, and wrote those bitter, burning sentences which fired the country, and made him a fugitive from justice.

Jordan's Hotel, a small frame building on King street, was very popular about 1820, and was said to be the best hotel in Upper Canada. Many were the distinguished guests entertained there in the early days, and the good cheer dispensed was proverbial, while the scenes enacted and the stories told at its fireside have never been surpassed.

About 1822 the first financial institution of Upper Canada in the form of a bank bear- ing that name was launched in a brick build- ing on the corner of Frederick and King streets. A year prior to this the Crown authorized the institution of this bank at York (which was the name by which Toronto was known till 1834), tne same to be opened when $100,000 were received on deposit. The stock was not to be in excess of one million dollars, and it was arranged that this

great monetary institution might cease, if desirable, at the expiration of twenty- seven years. After doing a prosperous busi- ness for about fifty years it was forced to suspend, owing to an overstock of unprofit- able land security. It is worthy of remark that so far as can be ascertained the first brick house built in York was erected in 1807 not far from the ground occupied by the Bank of Upper Canada mentioned above. This bit of enterprise was executed by a French officer named Quetton, who began business in York a short time before. The bricks used in this mansion were imported from the American side, and were the first seen in that part of the country. About 1825 to 1830 Queen street boasted of a block or blocks of buildings, and began to bear a faint resemblance to the great street it afterwards became. The low irregular cheap structures at that time, the marks of the tardy progress of that plodding period, have long since passed into the hands of small dealers, and, if now remaining, exist only as relics of the past. Among the pion- eers who made history and aided progress in those early days may be mentioned the memorable Bishop Strachan, whose residence, then quite a mansion, was built about 1818. This man of marked personality came to this country as a teacher, but subsequently turn- ing his attention to divinity became deacon, priest, and rector, with a final appointment at York. Here his efforts for good were very suc- cessful, and his influence on church and state very pronounced. It was mainly owing to his efforts that York was not burned by General Dearborn in 1813. He established the famous York grammar school, and being an influential member of the executive and legislative councils was mainly instrumental in creating the University of Toronto, Upper Canada College, and Trinity College. Dr. Strachan had also the honor of receiving from the ordaining hands of the Archbishop of Canterbury the office of first Bishop of the Diocese of Toronto, in which city he died in

MEN on1 CANADA.

3«5

iM>7. During this time a very prominent figure in the religious and commercial life of York might be seen in the person of the unique and sterling Jesse Ketchum, who did much to encourage moral and intellectual re- form. He was by trade a prosperous tanner, who apparently delighted in extending a help- ing hand to those less highly favored. He was a most liberal man, and contributed largely of his means to advance secular and religious education. He was almost constantly donating plots of ground for churches, schools, children's parks, temper- ance halls, etc., etc., and giving grants of money to circulate Hibles and religious liter- ature. For some time prior to his death he resided at Buffalo, which had been his home before locating in York. There he also be- stowed his gifts with lavish hand, and when he died in 1867 thousands of children, both here and across the line, lost a valuable friend.

Although York was still struggling within very primitive environments, she had ac- quired considerable elite society. In fact, this little town of 1,200 inhabitants would, in this respect, compare favorably with old English towns, and possessed a good deal of high culture and refinement. Being the Governmental headquarters, there were mili- tary officers,Crownofficials,and Departmental representatives in abundance, while prosper- ous merchants, gentlemen of means and pro- fessional men, were not scarce. All this gave a distinguished air to the little Capital and foreshadowed the coming Queen City.

While all this was going on, educational institutions were extending their proportions and influence. The curriculum and equip- ment of the various schools and colleges were slowly but surely developing, and the intel- lectual needs of the place were calling for an advance. In 1842 the corner stone of the University of Toronto was laid, and, if pomp and splendor count for anything, that occa- sion fully portrayed how popular the cause of advanced education had become. Every-

body, from the Crown representatives down to the humblest toiler, appeared to be in the great procession which marched to the inau- guration of the splendid structure then begun to be erected, which in 1856 gave place to that massive building, the pride of Toronto, which was consumed by fire some six years ago, but which, however, being soon rebuilt in a style and upon a scale worthy of a con- tinuation of past honors, is likely to meet the requirements of years to come. In the early thirties something over half a million acres of Crown lands were reserved for educational purposes. About one-third of this provision went to sustain the common and grammar schools of the province, and the balance in establishing and maintaining Upper Canada College. This seat of learning has passed through various stages of evolution, which have finally culminated in the present mag- nificent institution situated in that part of Toronto known as Deer Park. The old Globe office of 1837 was a prominent factor in the political life of those days, as on that unpretentious building then standing on the corner of King and Jordan streets rested the responsibility of keeping pure blood in the veins of the greit Reform movement. Notwithstanding the rise and downfall of parties and the enfeebling influence of politi- cal malaria, each successive edition of Globe buildings has been an improvement on what had gone before, and the present massive quarters of the great paper give the impres- sion that there is more than glory in politics. Many other noted buildings might be named which figure prominently in the first quarter of the history of the now great city. Pro- fessor Goldwin Smith's quaint but imposing residence, then and still known as the " Grange," has a history more interesting than that which surrounds many noted his- toric landmarks.

The celebrated Montgomery Hotel, which stood in the vicinity of Yonge street, will be remembered as long as the Mackenzie rebel- lion. The Canadian historian will continue

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to record it as the last place where the rebels made a determined stand to resist the loyal- ist forces. It was here that Col. Moodie lost his life as he essayed to pierce the rebel line, and from this point Mackenzie, Lount, and Matthews fled for their lives. The first jail was built on King street some time between 1800 and 1824. It was a small wooden building surrounded by the redoubt- able stockade, so prevalent in early days. The whole structure looked as though it could be pulled down by a few schoolboys on a holiday frolic. However, it did duty for nearly a quarter of a century, when it was replaced by a modest but solid-looking red brick building surrounded on three sides by a very high fence. It was in this second jail that Lount and Matthews were confined, and before which they were publicly exe- cuted on April I2th, 1838. The third To- ronto prison was erected in 1840, not far from where Front and Berkeley streets cross each other. It was a large rugged stone building costing nearly $100,000 and looked from every point of view the veritable prison it was. It was here that the Fenian prison- ers of 1866 were confined. The present jail was built in 1858, and is massive in its architecture with a capacity of accommoda- tion for nearly two hundred prisoners.

The first church appears to have been a small Methodist wooden building erected on King street. It was built by a man named Fetch, and had a square audience room about forty feet in size. The cost of $250 was spread over many years, and was found very difficult to raise. This unique place of worship eventually became a play- house named " Theatre Royal." If this quaint little church were still in existence what a curiosity it would be in this great city of churches ! The first and only post- office for nearly thirty years was a meagre log building near King street from which were received those seldom and long-looked- for letters beyond the sea, and which formed no small part of the mail matter received at

that office. In those days letters and papers were not unfrequently from four to six months in transit between England and Canada. This with the small volume of Canadian correspondence made very light duties for the postmaster at York, who, by the way, was also collector of customs, mer- chant, conveyancer, and town clerk, and who also filled various other offices requiring business despatch and literary ability. However, those days of continued patience and steady plodding slowly but surely gave way to a more energetic civilization, which, arriving with its numerous inventions by sea and land, shortened distances and gave an impetus to the national life. The old post- office was at length followed by improved buildings, each of which in turn gave way to newer and better ones built to meet the increasing public requirements. This con- tinued until the Toronto office of Her Majesty's mail system reached its present and eighth well-known edition. In 1834 Toronto wore her city clothes for the first time. The population was in the neighbor- hood of 10,000, the public debt nearly $50,000, incurred principally by the erection of city buildings. The report of the finance committee for that year is, to say the least, unique, if not amusing. Amongst other items mentioned, the committee report nearly $5,000 due for rents of city privileges, but they could not state whether any part of it had been paid. There were neither side- walks nor drainage, and no assessment had been levied for revenue. In 1834 it was deemed wise to adopt some financial basis that would cover the indebtedness already incurred, and provide for coming require- ments. The city fathers resolved on the assessment plan, which, though cumbersome in its early application, proved to be the means of raising about $12,000 per annum, which placed the city in a comparatively easy financial position thereafter.

The little city had now fairly passed her early crisis and entered upon her progressive

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march. The next quarter of a century was largely preparatory to her rapid development in the fifties and sixties. Old-fashioned build- ings gave place to those of better appoint- ments and more modern architecture. New streets were opened and covered by less primitive structures. Commercial life and prosperity increased, manufactures sprung up here and there, giving a more healthy tone to business generally, while churches, schools, colleges, and universities abounded. Those at the head of affairs, civil, ecclesias- tical, and commercial, caught the spirit of the times, and worked and legislated in the spirit of true national progress. Every decade made the city more graceful in form, lengthened her cords, strengthened her stakes, and increased her reputation at home and abroad. Since the incorporation of the city, over sixty years ago, the population has increased on an average about 3,500 per year, and during some periods of unusual activity, such as the " Real Estate Boom," the increase was phenomenal, amounting in one year to nearly 45,000.

To-day this beautiful city exerts a moral, intellectual, and commercial influence which is felt at almost every point of the American continent. The great manufacturing insti- tutions of Toronto have made their impress on nearly every country of the globe, and her educational institutions draw their classes from two continents. Of universi- ties, colleges, collegiate institutes, and pub- lic schools the name is legion. Fully a score of the two first named, while nearly treble that number of fine ward schools, are located at beautiful points throughout the city. The five great libraries contain about 130,000 volumes, of which one-half are accessible to the public. Among the many massive public buildings may be noted the new Parliament buildings, costing about $2,000,000, the Normal School, Trinity Col- lege, Victoria University, Wycliffe College, the School of Practical Science, McMaster Hall, the Mercer Reformatory, Osgoode

Hall, the Government House, the Customs House, the Post-office, the Asylum for Insane, and the Central Prison. In point of architecture the following are also among the most notable : The General Hospital, the Confederation Life Buildings, the Dominion Bank, the Post-office, the Imperial Bank, the Bank of Montreal, the Board of Trade Buildings, the Canadian Bank of Commerce, the Canada Life Assur- ance Chambers, and the British America Assurance Company's Buildings. Toronto is specially noted for the numerous charit- able institutions within her borders. Out- side of the General Hospital there are Homes for Boys and Girls, the Home for Incurables, a Sanitarium for Inebriates, the Infants' Home, St. Nicholas Institute for boys, the Victoria Hospital for Sick Chil- dren, Notre Dame Institute, and the House of Providence. For leisure hours there are numerous parks and places of amusement. Among the former are Queen's Park, the Horticultural Gardens, the Exhibition Park, Island Park, the magnificent tract of land and water known as High Park, and other desirable places of lesser note. Those more particularly seeking entertainment can be accommodated at the Grand Opera House, the Academy of Music, the Toronto Opera House, and the Pavilion Music Hall, while society and assembly halls are numerous. Perhaps the most noteworthy building devoted to amusement is the Massey Music Hall, founded by the liberality of the late H. A. Massey. There is no city on the continent more highly favored with advantages that minister to the highest social and intellectual enjoyment of its people. The best enter- tainers of the age find their way to Toronto, and are greeted by large and appreciative audiences. This, alone, is a great boon not enjoyed by her important but less populous sister cities.

Toronto is a great publishing centre, being the home of some half dozen daily papers, and nearly threescore weeklies, beside many

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bi-weeklies, and a multitude of monthly periodicals. The two leading political papers,

The Globe and The Mail and Empire, are known and quoted almost the world over.

The value of real and personal property as per assessment is in round figures $140,000,- ooo ; the gross debt about $16,000,000, which is not considered burdensome, from the vantage ground of the city's great and increasing resources, her marvellously grow- ing population, and her rapidly extending commerce. It is only a matter of time when the many fine suburban centres will be unable to resist the desire to cast in their lot with the Queen City. Think of her increased limits when Port Credit, Cooksville, Elrn- bank, Patterson, Don, Willowdale, Scarboro, East Toronto, York, Doncaster, Downsview, Davenport, Lambton Mills, Woodbridge, Chester, Leslieville, Davisville, Eglington, Carleton, West Toronto, Mirnico, etc., etc., have united their destiny to hers.

CHARLKS VV. SMALL.

jyiAJOK WILLIAM J. McMURTRY* *^> Toronto, was born in Bowmanville, April i4th, 1847, educated at his birthplace, afterwards attended the Military School, Kingston, and the Cavalry School, Toronto, at both of which he took first-class certifi- cates. Lieutenant of ist Ontario Rifles during Red River expedition of 1870, and fourteen years as adjutant of the 45th Battalion. In 1874 entered the Ontario Bank, Bowman- ville, was for six years accountant Oshawa branch, and later was manager of the Port Perry branch. In 1888 becume Ontario manager of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Asso- ciation of New York. In religion, a Congregation- alist ; in politics, Liberal. He was married Sept. 5th, 1872, to Louisa Fothergill, of Pickering. His family consists of seven.

/CHARLES W. SMALL, manager and ^^— ^® proprietor of the Uxbridge Piano and Organ Works, Uxbridge, was born in the State of Maine, June 6th, 1829. He is the son of James Small and Eliza Raines. His father, who was a retired business man, was born and brought up in the same State, and resided in Boston at the time of his death in 1892. Our subject was educated in Hamden, Maine, and at the age of seven- teen started in life, apprenticing himself to the furniture and organ business, working in different States of the Union. In 1889 he located in Uxbridge, Ont., and opened his present business. Mr. Small's experience in this particular branch enables him to turn out a class of goods that is certain to give satisfaction. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and in religion a Congrega- tionalist. He was married in 1853 to Ellen, daughter of Jeremiah French, a sea captain. His family consists of four children.

MEN OF CANADA.

JAMES SCOTT, lumberman, Toronto, was born the 2ist of September, 1839, in the County Tyrone, Ireland. In 1846 he came to Canada and settled in Kingston. He received his education in the schools of Kingston, finishing at Borthwick's Academy. He became connected with the public schools of that city and became principal of the chief school there, but resigned that position to enter the Royal Canadian Bank. On its failure he was appointed to a position of trust and honor in the Department of Crown Lands, in Toronto, without political or personal solicitation, and

solely on condition that he would do the work satisfactorily. In 1872 he accepted an engagement with the Georgian Bay Lumber Company, of Waubaushene, of which he subsequent- ly became vice-president, and later one of the proprietors. He is a member of the Masonic Order and J.P. for Simcoe County. He is an ardent prohibitionist. Was twice elected to the office of Alder- man of Toronto, with large majorities, and is now Chairman of the important Committee of Legislation and Reception. In politics he is Conservative; and in religion an Episcopalian, holding high office in St. James' Cathedral, Toronto.

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CANADA.

BELL, retired gentleman, Uxbridge, was born August i5th, 1822, in County Sligo, Ireland. He is the son of John and Mary Bell. His parents came to Canada in 1831, settling in Uxbridge, which at that time was a wilderness. Mr. Bell followed farming for a long time, but owing to illness was obliged to give up the occupation many years before his death, which occured in 1842. Mr. Bell received the best education the public schools of his day afforded, at the same time working on his father's farm. At seventeen he engaged in saw-milling, and continued this line for twenty-two

years. He then returned to farm life, but a few years ago retired and allowed his son to continue the operations. Mr. Bell has always taken an active interest in municipal affairs and political matters, being an active Reformer. In religion he is a Presbyterian. He was married in 1851 to Annie Kennedy, of Uxbridge. His family consists of five surviving children. Mr. Bell has done a good deal in his lifetime in the line of speculation, being very success- ful, and has accumulated a nice com- petence. His many and various friends wish him many more years of life and influence.

MEN OF* CANADA.

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ALLAN KINGSTON, barrister-at-law, Toronto, Ont., was born near the thriving vil- lage of Stirling, in Hastings County, Ont., on August 23rd, 1869. His parents were Charles and Mary (Fletch- er) Kingston; the former is a farmer, and still resides on the farm where our subject was born ; the latter is deceased. Mr. Kingston received his education at the public schools of West Huntingdon, Ont., and the High Schools of Belleville and Campbellford. After matriculation he began the study of law in November, 1887, in Belleville, in the office of R C. Clute, Q.C., afterwards removing to Toronto, where he studied with Messrs. Mulock & Co., and the late N. Gordon Bigelow, Q.C. He also took a three years' course at the Ontario Law School, at Osgoode Hall, when the late W. A. Reeve, Q.C., was principal. He was called to the Bar in Michaelmas term, 1892, and shortly afterwards entered the firm of Lount, Marsh & Cameron, of which he is still a member. He is an active member of the Inde- pendent Order of Oddfel- lows, being Noble Grand of Queen City of Ontario lodge for the present term (1896). He is also promin- ent in cycling matters, and one of the prime movers in the organization of the Inter-Club Association of Toronto wheelmen. He occupies the office of secre- tary-treasurer of this Asso- ciation, succeeded in collect- ing a considerable amount of money, and started the cinder path movement dur-

ing the season of 1895. Mr. Kingston is also the editor and sole proprietor of "The Circuit Guide," a small handbook of information for the legal profession, first issue published in June, 1895, and which has met with universal approval among the members of the Bench and Bar. In politics he is a supporter of the Conservative administration, and takes an active interest in the welfare of that party. In religion he is a member of the Methodist church. He was married in June, 1894, to Miss Bessie E. Conger, only daughter of R. D. Conger, Esq., merchant, Belleville, Ont.

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CANADA.

AMUEL ROGERS, one of the leading oil dealers of the Dominion, and a prom- inent merchant, refiner, and manufac- turer of that important commodity, was born in 1835, near Newmarket. His grandfather was one of the pioneers of York County, and in 1800, by arrange- ment with Governor Hunter, brought some forty families from the New Eng- land States and settled some in the vicinity of Pickering, and others near Newmarket. Our subject has succeeded in building up a successful Canadian industry, and presenting a typical ca- reer of courage and enterprise. He

was educated in the schools of York County, and worked first in a sawmill, then for a while followed the book business. In 1860 he exhibited great business ability, by taking the manage- ment for a sewing machine company, in the States of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio, with conspicuous success. In 1877 he entered the oil business, and from a small start in Toronto soon built up, by enterprise and concentration, a concern which ranks first amongst those of the Dominion, or at least admits of only one rival. Its operations extend all over Canada, and into Australia, New Zealand, and India. Mr. Rogers is a Reformer in politics, a

, Quaker in religion, and a

very earnest adherent of his faith. Pickering College owes its present existence to hissubstantial aid, andin sev- eral visits to England he has still further strengthened the interests of the Society of Friends. He is a member of the Toronto Board of Trade, a man who ranks high among the merchants of Toronto, and whose ad- vice is sought after, and greatly appreciated. Es- sentially a modest and kind- ly man, his charities are wide and considerable in amount, but usually un- known to the public. In 1855 Mr. Rogers married Achsah, daughter of Ste- phen Cody, of York County. His family consists of two sons and four daughters living. His sons, Joseph and Albert Rogers, are both members of the firm, active, enterprising, and successful in business mat- ters.

MKN

CANADA.

JAMES BOND CLARKE, Q.C., LL.B., Toronto, Ontario, was born September I4th, 1849, 'n the Township of Oro, Simcoe County, Ontario. He is a son of Captain Dun- can Clarke and Elizabeth Jane Clarke. Mr. Clarke received his education at the High School in Prescott, and at the University of Toronto, from which institution he obtained his degree of LL.B. He received the appointment of Q.C. in 1889. While studying law he was articled to some of the most eminent legal men in the country, and succeeded in passing his examinations admitting him to practice in 1876.

After his admission to the Bar he prac- tised in Toronto, in partnership with Mr. VV. A Foster, Q.C., and subse- quently entered into partnership with Mr. \V. R. Meredith, Q.C. (now Chief Justice Meredith), the firm name being at present Clarke, Bowes, Hilton & Swabey. Mr. Clarke is an active mem- ber of the Liberal-Conservative party, and at the general election for the On- tario Legislature, in 1886, contested the East Riding of the County of Simcoe against the Minister of Agriculture, but was defeated by a small majority. In religion Mr. Clarke is a communicant of the Church of England.

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T^DWIN ALLAN PEAKER, L.D.S., J\ D.D.S., Dentist, Toronto, Ont.,

^^^ was born August i ith, 1870, in the town of Brampton, Ont. His father is William Peaker, while his mother's name was Jane Grimshaw. His parents were both from Yorkshire, England. On arriving in Canada they settled in Cooksville, then a very thriving village, but subsequently removed to Brampton, where Mr. Peaker started a hardware business, and now, after thirty years of active mercantile business, can claim to be the proprietor of one of the largest hardware establishments in Western Ontario. He also always took an

active interest in municipal affairs, and is now Reeve of Brampton (1896). Dr. Peaker received his early education in the public and High Schools of Brampton. Immediately after matricu- lation he took up the study of dentistry, graduating in dentistry from the Uni- versity of Toronto with honors. Since that time he has been practising his profession in Parkdale, Toronto, where he has succeeded in working up a very extensive, lucrative patronage, and has also gained the esteem and confi- dence of the public. In politics Dr. Peaker is a Reformer ; in religion, a Methodist.

HAMILTON

IF to the strung natural advantages of a community have been added great beauty of environment, the value of that spot is very greatly enhanced, for it is very rare that a man can be found with soul so dead that he does not prefer strength adorned when the embellishments are thrown in. The Ambitious City is certainly beautiful for situation, and when viewed from a favorable altitude presents a picture of almost unsurpassed grandeur. It is located on the rising ground between the pleasant waters of Burlington Bay and the magnificent mountain looming up three miles in the distance. From the extreme eastern limit to the farthest western point the city is about six miles in length. Across the bay northward may be seen the beauti- ful and much-frequented " Oaklands," while in a westerly direction the town of Dundas may be noticed nestling among its great protecting hills. The " Beach " familiar to all Ontario tourists is several miles long by about a quarter of a mile wide, and is now, during the summer months, pretty thickly dotted with the cottages and tents of people who wish to enjoy a change by way of boat- ing and bathing. At the extreme west and connecting with Dundas is the old and his- toric Desjardines Canal, which passes through the great cut in Burlington heights. This old waterway is largely filled in and useless now, but it was in active use at the time of and for yearsafter the terrible railway accident on the bridge crossing it, where so many well-known people were killed. So far as authentic records show, there is no evidence of the arrival of a white man on the site of the city of Hamilton earlier than dur- ing the latter part of the eighteenth century,

although tradition affirms that some explor- ers visited the spot nearly one hundred years earlier. Be that as it may, it was not until 1778 that a bona fide settler was known to locate. At that time, one Land, by name appeared and took up his abode somewhere within the present city limits. Hamilton is said to have taken its name from an early and enterprising settler called Geo. Hamil- ton, who laid out the first village lots and helped to shape the arriving settlers into a community. The life of the early pioneers was full of self-denial, toil, and hardship. It required indomitable courage and perse- verance to reduce the giant forest to a fertile plain, but the sterling qualities of the Scotch settlers were equal to the obstacles that pre- sented, and the wilderness was made to blossom as the rose.

The growth of the first quarter of a cen- tury was, like the progress of most new centres, comparatively slow and uneventful. Everything was primitive, and even reason- able prosperity was in embryo. It took money as well as men to hasten develop- ment, and during the first few decades capital did not seem very anxious to specu- late on coming possibilities. However, the wheel of progress kept moving slowly around, and the comforts of civilization, although not arriving in battalions, kept trooping along in single file and helped to lay well the foundations of the oncoming city. After the lapse of half a century from the time Mr. Land made his advent the population had reached about three thousand, and the people were just beginning to dream o* assuming town clothes. It was about this time that Sir Allan McNab was a leading spirit in military and parliamentary circles.

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His presence and that of other Scotchmen of weight greatly aided the general progress. During the next few decades the improve- ment was more marked in every respect, the little town had elbowed its way to city dimensions, and in 1861 was found to con- tain 20,000 people. From this out the population increased nearly 1000 per year, and the city extended her borders in all directions. In 1871 the assessment showed about 27,000 people, in 1880 some 35,000, and now, 1896, there are at least 50,000 inhabitants in the Ambitious City. The com- mercial prosperity of this noted centre dur- ing the last quarter of a century has been almost unprecedented in the history of Can- adian growth, and the sound financial posi- tion of the community is unique in the cate- gory of modern cities hurriedly forging their way to the front. During the past twenty- five years the wealth of the city has increased at the rate of nearly three-quarters of a million per year. These rapid strides have brought the aggregate wealth up to the handsome figure of, say, 26,000,000 in 1896. The factories, foundries, and manufacturing industries of the city may be numbered by the hundred, with wholesale establishments galore. The capital invested in manufactur- ing alone is very little short of 10,000,000, and the number of hands employed in the same is over 13,000. The annual output of goods from this source exceeds 8,000,000, and the reputation of the various lines has reached two continents. The yearly exports reach about three-quarters of a million, and the imports in the neighborhood of five mil- lions. This shows how largely the products of the city go to the home markets, and how popular her wares have become through the Dominion.

The Board of Trade has been in existence for nearly fifty years, and has been a tower of strength to the city during its various periods of evolution. During all these years men of thought and courage have composed the Board and given their time and aid to

encourage and foster such measures as would build up the community and protect it from the many dangerous rivals which frequently presented. Now and then heroic measures were acquired to keep abreast of the times and lay the foundation of greater prosperity, but with each demand the men were found who believed in the future of the aspiring centre, and stood by her until she grew stronger. The present civic debt does not exceed two and three-quarter millions, which is a much less sum than the city assets represent. It is estimated that the water- works alone would bring sufficient to cover the whole public debt. The rate of assess- ment has never exceeded twenty mills, even at the highest point of public improvement. This fact speaks volumes for the way the public business of Hamilton has been managed. The city is famous for its public buildings,which are almost uniformly splendid specimens of architecture. The visitor who for the first time explores the city cannot fail to be struck with the great massive structures towering up on the principal streets, either as city buildings or the busi- ness places of the great merchants. The Court House and Gaol, with their magnificent pro- portions, are a fine sample of modern skill, and their elegant appointments afford every facility for the purpose for which they were erected. The Hospital, Public Library, Post-office, City Hall, and Customs House are worthy of their name and environment, while the Asylum for the Insane, the Canada Life Buildings, Provident and Loan quar- ters and the Bank of Hamilton are structures of which the city is proud. The latter is one of the most beautiful and elegantly arranged monetary institutions in the Dominion, and to get an interior view is to have an enlarged conception of the wealth and enterprise of that bank. Other notable buildings are numerous, but those mentioned will serve as a sample of many others that would fix the attention of the stranger who has an archi- tectural eye.

MEN 01* CAN AHA.

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One of the marked features of the city of which people hear and read is the " great school system " which Hamilton and, in fact, the countries surrounding have enjoyed for a quarter of a century. It is claimed that in no part of the world can a superior system of common and High school education be found, when compared with the population. Who, at least in the area of several coun- ties adjacent, has not heard of the Hamil- ton Collegiate Institute, the Model School, Central School, Ryerson School, and many other similar places of instruction ? In addi- tion to these are several primary schools and kindergartens, all doing good work. The Catholic Convent is a popular institution and very largely attended, and the Wesleyan Ladies' College draws her students from far and near. The Public School attendance exceeds 7,ooo,the Collegiate students number some 700, and the Separate schools have a total attendance of about 1,000 pupils. The unsurpassed educational facilities of the city act as a great magnet in drawing people within her limits, while her platforms, pul- pits, and press amply provide everything else required in the way of intellectual food. The spiritual interests of the people are well cared for by the numerous evangelical churches throughout the city. If Toronto is a city of churches, Hamilton is equally so, according to her population. There are no less than 8 Presbyterian, 10 Anglican, 4 Catholic, 9 Methodist, and several Baptist churches, besides places of worship for Unitarians, Congregationalists, Reformed Episcopal, Believers, Lutherans, and Ply- mouth Brethren. There are also two Jew- ish Synagogues, the Y.M.C.A., and the Salvation Army. Most of these denomina- tions have splendid buildings and large con- gregations, while some of the churches are noted throughout the province for their excellent appointments and inspiring ser- vices.

Few cities of her population can compare with the county seat of Wentworth in the

extent oi the general philanthropic spirit that prevails. The charitable institutions within her borders are not only numerous but munificently sustained, and the extent of the good work accomplished in this way can scarcely be estimated. Engaged in the work of caring for the aged, helpless, and infirm may be named the societies of St. George and St. Andrew's, the Irish Protestant Bene- volent Society, and the Catholic Mutual Benevolent Association. These orders are* doing a work of which the vast majority of people have not heard. If the good done by benevolent societies were more generally known, the volume of public appreciation extended to them would be much greater and more emphatic. There are also the follow- ing havens of refuge, the names of which strike a sympathetic chord in the heart of this busy old world : Boys' Home, Girls' Home, Infants' Home, Home for Aged Wo- men, Home of the Friendless, Orphans' Home, and the House of Refuge. It is evi- dent that any community which makes a business of sheltering these unprotected classes has sufficient moral stamina to carve its way to the secondary eminence of com- mercial prosperity.

Hamilton has been richly endowed, during the various decades of her progress, with able men, who pioneered her success and piloted her to safe waters. Prominently among them stands out that indefatigable Scotchman, Sir Allan McNab, who, in Parlia- ment and out of it, left his impress on the times and made no inconsiderable part of the history of our now Ontario Province. The Hon. Isaac Buchanan, Hon. H. B. Bull, also remembered their city and county, whether in the legislature or out of it, and greatly aided their general prosperity. Then the names of Judge Miles O'Reilly and Dr. John Mackelcan naturally suggest them- selves, and those who remember the times in which they figured know of the great in- terest they took in public affairs, and how much their efforts helped the progress of the

CANADA.

rising city. In later times David McCul- loch, Col. McGivern, and Adam Brown placed their shoulders to the public wheel and helped the city in its onward march. It is also fitting to mention the names of E. Gurney, J. A. Skinner, J. M. Williams, John Proctor, late Senator Turner, John Stewart, and William Hendrie, as men to whom the city is largely indebted for the public-spirited manner in which they grappled with public affairs.

Hamilton has made her impress on the parliaments of her country by the calibre of the men she has sent to represent her from time to time. She has had the honor of being for many years the home of Senators, Ministers of the Crown, and members of both Houses, and has reason to be satisfied with her representatives at both Dominion and Provincial headquarters. As before men- tioned the city is beautiful for situation, and with its lovely parks and enchanting drives makes a lingering impress on the tourist. A carriage drive beneath the majestic mount- ain gives a splendid view of the grand resi- dences nestling at its feet, while the sight- seeker bowling along its dizzy top obtains a landscape scene of most exquisite beauty covering every point of his vision. The city viewed from this eminence is seen in all its vastness and beauty; bordered as it is by mountain, lake, and plain, it impresses the beholder with its desirability as a business or residential centre. The several beautiful parks, of which " Dundurn " is chief, are a great boon and attraction to the citizens, and are popular resorts for excursionists during the summer season. The incomparable boating and bathing at many points on the pleasant little bay provide fascinating pas- times for those fond of such recreation. The sheltered position of this land-locked sheet of water makes it comparatively safe for boating, rowing, and yachting. The disast- ers incedent to the open lake pleasures are comparatively few, as the Bay is less turbu- lent than the mightier bodies of water. The

fine modern steamers Macassa and Modjeska which ply between Hamilton and Toronto afford splendid transit to and from the points, and are liberally patronized by multitudes of people who take this trip for change and in- vigoration. The trim little craft Mazeppa steams between the city and the Beach, making her trips every hour, and adding greatly to the convenience and pleasure of those who desire a brief outing at small cost.

Hamilton is not only military in its taste, but reputedly musical. To think of the city apart from the I3th Battalion and its widely famous band would be Hamlet with Hamlet left out. The city has reason to be proud of her regiment of Infantry and companies of Artillery. The popularity of these splendid defenders of their country is seen in the many invitations extended to them to visit other great centres. What community of note has not aspired to have a great musical treat in which the I3th Battalion band was to give the programme. The reputation of the musi- cians of this crack regiment has spread over the Dominion, and their name is a guarantee of a famous concert wherever they appear. The band of the Sons of England Society is now (1896) in a wonderfully proficient condi- tion, and many think quite equal to the I3th. It is certainly a fine combination and very popular with the Hamiltonians. Without being fulsome, suffice it to say that the city has every reason to feel confident of her staying powers, and also of her ability to lengthen her borders and strengthen her stakes, in order to entertain the increased prosperity which will from time to time arrive at her gates. In point of push, courage, and capital, her commercial leaders are abreast of the times. Her railway facili- ties are first class, her manufactories so numerous that their tall chimneys are nearly everywhere visible, and, being surrounded by a rich farming country, the next few decades should greatly augment her wealth, popula- tion, and general prosperity.

MEN or CANADA.

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JAMES RUSSELL EATON, builder, contractor, and manufac- turer, Orillia, Ont, was born July 17th, 1852, in County Antrim, Ireland. His father died when he was but nine months old, and in 1853 he came to Canada with his mother, locating in the Township of Peel. After eight years they removed to Huron County, where they remained seven years. He then went to Detroit, Mich., where he resided fourteen years. In the fall of 1882 he took up his residence in Orillia. Two years after removing to Orillia he established his present thriving busi- ness, which is now one of the largest,

most extensive, and lucrative of its kind in that section of country. Mr. Eaton has erected many handsome private dwelling houses, and has also done considerable work for the government, among which may be mentioned the Orillia post-office. He is a member of the Masonic order and the Royal Arcanum. In politics he is a Liberal ; in religion, a member of the Presbyterian church, in which he holds the office of elder. Mr. Eaton was married in December, 1878, to Miss Katherine Miller, daughter of Mr. Robert Miller, of Sarnia. Mr. Eaton's family consists of two sons and two daughters.

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^^)EV. NEIL McKAY, D.D., JC^ Chatham, N.B., was born ^^ at Earltown, N.S., April nth, 1829. His parents were John and Dorothy McKay, of Scotch descent. The former came to Canada in 1817, and located in Earltown, where he lived about forty years. He was held in high esteem both in Scotland, and at home. At his death, the Duke of Sutherland forwarded a block of granite, from a farm upon which Mr. McKay was born, from which to prepare his monument. Our subject was educated in the Pictou Academy, and Free Church College of Halifax. He was ordained September

1 9th, 1855. For thirteen years he was pastor of St. David's Church, St. John, N.B., after which he was at Summerside, P.E.I., for a similar period. He then took charge of St. John's Church, Chat- ham, N.B., where he still continues. He is at present President of the New Brunswick Sunday School Association, was Moderator of the Synod of the maritime provinces in 1890, and has been clerk of different Presbyteries for about thirty years. Mr. McKay was married in 1855 to Isabella Knight, daughter of Alex. Knight, Esq., Hali- fax, Nova Scotia. His family consists of four daughters and three sons.

ST. CATHARINES

BY

J. HENDERSON, M.A.

CL T. CATHARINES, " the Garden (S> ^^ City," is situated on the Wei- land Canal, about four miles from Port Dalhousie, and in the midst of the Nia- gara district. The whole track of country between the two lakes was once the home of the Neutral tribe of Indians,who obtained their name from the position they took in the wars between the Iroquois and the Hurons. After their extermination, arising partly from their defeat by the Iroquois and partly by their absorption by the Hurons, the whole country from the mouth of the Nia- gara River to Detroit became a vast wilder- ness, frequented only occasionally by a stray band of Iroquois hunters, who annually crossed the river from their homes in central New York. The first permanent settlers of the district were, no doubt, the United Empire Loyalists, who, in 1784, were com- pelled to leave the United States for their attachment to British institutions — an at- tachment which has distinguished their de- scendants even to the present day. Under the leadership of Col. John Butler, a num- ber of these Loyalists came to Niagara (then called Newark), and were granted lands along the Niagara river and in the adjoining dis- trict. Upon these lands the original settlers began to build houses and to hew out for themselves homes in the wild wilderness of woods which covered the country. The year 1787 was a year of poor crops, and consequently of great distress. We are told that the settlers were compelled to subsist on the buds of trees, plants gathered in the woods, and the roots of herbs. The rivers, however, abounded in fish and the forest in game, and thus they were enabled to exist

during the long seven weeks that followed. In the following year, Lord Dorchester, the then Governor-General, issuing a procla- mation dividing Western Canada into four districts for judicial purposes. And the name Nassau was given to the district ex- tending from the River Trent on the east to Long Point on the west. This district in- cluded the Niagara Peninsula,and the admin- istration of the civil law was entrusted to the Hon. Robert Hamilton, of Queenston, who was regarded with great respect by the early settlers for the many good qualities he pos- sessed. In 1791 Col. John Graves Simcoe was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada, and on the i8th September, 1792, the first Parliament of Canada was held at Newark, or Niagara, which, in 1795, was finally made the capital of the province. But in 1796, when Fort Niagara was ceded to the Americans, Simcoe moved the capital from Niagara to Toronto, called at that time muddy Little York, to distinguish it from the greater city built at the mouth of the Hudson. During the following year most of the neighboring townships were laid out.

The site on which the city of St. Cath- arines stands was in those days a dense forest consistingof oaks, elms, and lordly pines. A few remains of the latter may still be seen in the burying ground of St. George's Church. The greater portion of the land on which the city is built was originally a gift of the Crown to the Hon. Robert Hamilton, of Queenston, who sold it to the late Hon. William Hamilton Merritt. This purchase comprised about four hundred acres of land south of the ridge of land now known as " the mountain," on the banks of the Twelve-

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mile creek. To the beginning of the present century the name was "The Twelve," from the distance of the stream on which the vil- lage was situated westerly from the Niagara river. In the year 1797 the first tavern was built by a Mr. Adams, on the site now occu- pied by the Evening Star office in the Haynes Block of buildings on Ontario street. This tavern was afterwards occupied by Paul Ship- man, from whom the place got also the name of " Shipman's Corners." Soon after it came to be called St. Catharines, but whether it was so called from Catharine Butler, the lately deceased wife of Col. John Butler, or after Catharine Hamilton, wife of the Hon. Robert Hamilton, is still a matter of dispute. About 1796 the first church was built on the site of the residence of J. D. Tait, Gate street, the land, four acres, having been gen- erously given for the purpose by the Hon. Robert Hamilton. It was called St. Cath-' arines Church, and was apparently used by all denominations, though, no doubt, the Church of England held the priority. With the exception of the old Mohawk Church, near the city of Brantford, this was the first church erected in Western Ontario. The burying ground occupied the land between the residence of Mr. Tait and Ontario street. In the stirring times of the war of 1812-14 the church was used as a hospital, and ren- dered practically useless for a place of wor- ship, and a claim of £100 was presented to the government for damages sustained. The church was afterwards repaired, and was used as a place of worship till 1836, when it was destroyed by fire, after which St. George's Church was erected.

The first Presbyterian Church was organ- ized in 1831, and for some time afterwards the worshippers occupied temporary quarters in the " Old Red Mill " owned at that time by Oliver Phelps. In 1834 tney built a brick church on Church street, and in 1876 the present church was erected on the same site. In 1834 St- Catharines Church was built by our Catholic brethren, but this

wooden building was burned in 1842, and the nucleus of the present fine edifice was begun. Wings were added subsequently, and in 1887 the tower and chapel were built, making one of the most imposing of our church build- ings. In 1846 the Baptist Church was built on Queen street ; this was partially de- stroyed by fire in 1891, when the present one was completed. The congregation of Knox Church was organized in 1841, and in 1844 they occupied their church on Centre street, where they continued to worship till the year 1860, when the present church was built. The Methodists, along with the Episcopalians, may be regarded as the pioneers of the Nia- gara district. In 1823 they were first formed into a regular church, and in 1845 they built the old frame church on St. Paul street. This was replaced in 1862 by a handsome brick structure, which, partially destroyed by fire in 1876, was soon afterwards repaired. Other churches soon followed in rapid suc- cession : Welland Avenue (Methodist) in 1871, Geneva Street B.M.E. (colored) in 1856, Zion Church (colored) in 1846, St. Mary's (Catholic) in 1872, Christ Church in 1875, St. Thomas' in 1879, Congregational in 1874, Niagara Street (Methodist) in 1875, Haynes Avenue (Presbyterian) in 1876, St. Barnabas' (Church of England) in 1876, Lyman Street (Baptist) in 1889. The Sal- vation Army established themselves here in 1884.

While the early inhabitants were anxious about religious affairs, they did not disregard educational matters. The Grantham Acad- emy was first projected in 1827, and finally opened in June, 1829, thus antedating Upper Canada College. It subsequently became the Grammar School, and in 1871 the Col- legiate Institute. At first the Academy formed the central front of the present build- ing, afterwards in 1872 the wings and tower were added, and finally in 1879 tne large hall in the rear. The efficiency of the insti- tute is fully attested by the number and high standing of itsgraduates. many of whom have

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risen to high positions in the various spheres of professional life. Before 1853, the Public schools of the town were in a very primitive condition. There were no regular school buildings, and the trustees were obliged to rent for educational purposes suitable prem- ises. At this time two ward schools were erected, one in St. Thomas' and the other in St. George's ward, and an efficient staff of teachers engaged. As the population of the town increased other schools were built, and at present the town has a fine central school, six ward schools, besides separate schools and a convent. In the year 1889 Ridley College, a Church of England school for boys, was established, with an efficient staff of instructors. One of the difficulties met with by the pioneers of the district was in the means of transportation. The first road of the district was the old Portage road, passing through ^hieenston, St. David's, Stamford, Niagara Falls South (Drummond- ville), to Chippewa. This was used long before the Welland Canal as the chief means of importing goods from the markets of Buffalo and New York. Before the end of the last century, a road was also opened up from Hamilton to Queenston and Niagara, probably for military purposes. As early as 1828, a daily stage was run by the late Col. E. W. Stephenson, connecting St. Cathar- ines and Buffalo. It was not till 1837 that a charter was granted by the Parliament for the construction of a railway connecting the Niagara river with Detroit, but this charter was allowed to lapse. In 1851 the Great Western Railway Company was formed, and the road was opened in 1853. In the last year the Welland Railway Company was organized, with a local board of directors, and the road opened in June, 1856. It was amalgamated with the Grand Trunk system in 1884. At the last mentioned date the Nia- gara Central Railroad connecting St. Cath- arines with Niagara Falls was organized, through the energy of Dr. L. S. Oille.

Though an attempt was made as early as

1816 to develop the mineral springs of St. Catharines, it was not till some years after- wards that their remarkable curative proper- ties were fully realized. Under the direction of the late Col. E. W. Stephenson, " the Stephenson House," and of the late Dr. Mack, " Spring Bank," became famous sani- tariums, which attracted health seekers from distant parts. The first impetus that St. Catharines received was the building of the Welland Canal — a work which is a monu- ment to the energy and ability of the late Wm. Hamilton Merritt. In the summer of 1818, this gentleman formed the design of obtaining water for his mills on the Twelve- mile creek from Chippewa river, and sur- veyed the land between these two points. In 1824 the Welland Canal Company was formed and the work of construction begun. In 1830 the old Welland Canal, with its wooden locks, and fitted for comparatively small vessels, with a maximum of eighty tons burden, was built. In 1848 the second canal was constructed, with larger locks of stone, and fitted for vessels drawing nine feet six inches and of a capacity of 300 tons bur- den. This, however, was also found too small to admit vessels in the grain trade, and to avoid the necessity of lightening the the vessels either at Port Dalhousie or at Port Colborne, as well as to save the time spent in locking vessels through, the new Welland Canal, from Allanburg to Port Dal- housie, was completed in 1889. This allows vessels of 1,500 tons burden, and drawing fourteen feet of water.

St. Catharines at one time possessed extensive shipyards, though now these have disappeared. In the year 1828 the first boat, the " Welland Canal," was built here. Lewis Shickluna, a Maltese, came to this place, and from his advent to his death, in 1880, a long line of vessels was constructed by him. For some time Mr. A. B. Simp- son had extensive shipyards here. After the death of Mr. Shickluna shipbuilding here disappeared. The hospital of St. Catharines

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owes its origin to the energy and professional skill of the late Dr. Theophilus Mack, who,by his energy and public-spiritedness, raised the means to establish in 1865 a temporary build- ing for hospital purposes on Selina street. In 1867 a much larger building was obtained on Hamer street. During the following year a fund was started, and this fund, aided by a legislative grant, enabled the trustees to purchase the present building in 1876. The late Dr. Mack was the pioneer in Canada of instituting a school for trained nurses, and " The Mack School of Trained Nurses " in connection with the hospital is a monument to the philanthropy of one who did so much for humanity. At present the hospital has four wards and four private rooms, accommodating about thirty-six patients. The erection of the wing at pres- ent in course of construction will give them more wards and four private rooms, which will accommodate about thirty patients more. The Protestant Orphans' Home was opened in 1875.

As early as 1851 St. Catharines had a Mechanics' Institute, which in 1888 became a Public Library. When the Masonic Temple, in which the Public Library was located, was burned in January, 1895, the library was consumed. Soon the books were replaced, and at present there are about 7,000 volumes in the library, which has also an excellent reading room attached. The population of St. Catharines was, in 1843, 2,354. In 1845 it became a town, and the population in 1846 was 3,462. In 1875 it became a city, and had at that time 12,870. It was first lighted with gas in 1854. Its first waterworks for fire purposes were estab- lished in 1846, and in 1875, chiefly through the energy of Dr. Oille, the present excellent system was begun. The reservoir is on the Beaver Dam Creek, above DeCew Falls, about four miles distant. The purity and abundance of the water is fully attested. St. Catharines is connected with Thorold by an electric road.

IT'DWIN GOODMAN, M.B., ex-Mayor of ~V<«> St. Catharines, was born at Grims- by, April 22nd, 1833. He was educated by private tuition at Grimsby and the Grantham Academy, St. Catharines, matriculating and receiving his degree in 1855. He then im- mediately commenced practice at St. Cath- arines, where he has since conducted a very large practice. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I.O.O.F., C.O.C.F., etc. He is president of the Masonic com- pact, and has occupied all municipal posi- tions, from councillor to mayor. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, and has been vice-president of the County Conservative Association, and president of the St. Cath- arines Liberal Conservative Association ; he is also coroner of Lincoln County. In religion, an Episcopalian. He has been married twice; first in 1857, and again in 1891. The doctor is also a director of the St. Catharines & Welland Canal Gaslight Company, St. Catharines Security & Loan & Savings Company, chairman of the Board of Health, director of the Free Library, and for twenty years trustee of the Collegiate Institute.

EDWIN GOODMAN, M.B.

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THE LATE DANIEL CURTISS A HAYNES, St. Catharines, Out., was born January 23rd, 1824, in Leicester, Mass., U.S.A. He is the son of Daniel Phelps Haynes and Sabrina Burnapp, both of American birth. Mr. Haynes came to Canada with his parents in 1836, and settled in St. Catharines, where he received his education at the public schools. His early life was devoted to his father's business, conducting a stage line from Niagara to Hamilton. This he con- tinued for many years, after which he went into the grocery business on his own "account. He afterwards opened a

private bank, which he conducted up to the time of his death, April loth, 1875, when in his fifty-first year. Mr. Haynes was a member of the C.( ). F. ; in religion a member of the Church of England. He was married September i5th, 1848, to Maria DeVeaux, daughter of Henry A. Woodruff, of Niagara Falls, N.Y. He remembered in his numerous be- quests the several charitable institutions in St. Catharines, and was a most exemplary man, and has left the fragrant memory of a strictly honorable and benevolent life. While in business he made many friends, and his word was counted equal to his bond.

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JAMES WATSON, deceased, was born December i8th, 1831, at Glasgow, Scotland. He was educated at the national schools of Glasgow, and at the age of twenty-one came to Canada. Here he fol- lowed mercantile life in Montreal, and then in Ham- ilton, where he made his home until the time of his death, which occurred April 8th, 1896. He was for many years connected with the Hon. Isaac Buchanan, and on severing his connection started manufacturing knit- ted wares in Ancaster. He was president of his busi- ness, which was known as the Ancaster Knitting Co., Ltd. Here he continued for about thirteen years, when the establishment was burnt and afterwards rebuilt in Strathroy, under the name of the Strathroy Knit- ting Co., Ltd. This business he conducted for about seventeen years, when it was destroyed by fire, at which time he practically retired from public life, and continued to live in Hamilton, where he was well known as an honored and successful Christian worker. He was president of the Hamilton Powder Co. for many years, and resident direc- tor up to the time of his death. In politics he was a Conservative, and an active worker. He also held the position of president, at one time, of the Canadian Manufacturers' Association. In religion, a Presbyterian. He was married in 1858 to Helen, daughter of P. Dewar, of Glasgow. His family consists of thirteen children living. Ernest P. and Rupert McDonald, who

are president and secretary-treasurer respectively of the Watson Manufactur- ing Co., Ltd., St. Catharines; James Wm. G., in the Bank of Montreal. It might also be mentioned that the Watson Manufacturing Co., St Cathar- ines, was started in 1892, and has con- tinued running both night and day since that time. It is owned by the two sons of the late Mr. Watson, and the way in which the business is conducted reflects great credit on them as well as on the memory of their departed father, who left behind him more than a legacy of dollars and cents in the good name which he handed down to his children.

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AMU'L DnVEAUX WOOD- RUFF, St. Catharines, Ont, was born at St. David's, County of Lincoln, March 28th, 1819. Ezekiel Woodruff, his grandfather, a graduate of Yale College, with his family, emigrated from Litchfield, Con- necticut, in 1 796, settling in Stamford, County of Welland, Ont. Our subject's parents were William Woodruff and Margaret Clement, daughter of a U.E. Loyalist. Mr. Woodruff, who died in 1860, was a member of the House of Assembly for Upper Canada for a term. Our subject was educated at the (irant- ham Academy, St. Catharines, and at the Academies of Lewiston and Springville, N.Y. He then engaged in banking at Lockport, N.Y. Turning his attention to civil engi- neering he was engaged in . the construction and man- agement of the Welland Canal during the years 1843 to 1871 inclusive, when the important structures of masonry were constructed, comprising thirty-three locks, etc. He has been subsequently engaged with the management of his various financial affairs, and now lives practically retired at his magnificent residence, whose surroundings are probably not surpassed in Canada. In religion he is a member of the Church of England ; in politics, a Re- former. He was married in December, 1854, to Jane C. Sanderson, ' daughter of William Henry Sanderson, of St. Catharines. H is family consists of four sons, namely, Alfred S. Woodruff, engaged with the Lincoln Paper Mills;

Welland I). Woodruff, manager of the Lincoln Paper Mills; Hamilton K. Wood- ruff, not in business; and Thomas A. Woodruff, M.IX, a graduate of McCiill College and Specialistof the Eye and Ear, Chicago, 111. Although in the "seven- ties" Mr. Woodruff has lost no mental vigor, and little, if any, physical energy. Though not now actually engaged in the pressing affairs of the business world he is fully abreast of the times, and well qualified to give an opinion on matters of importance in either church or state, and is not only a well-known but a highly esteemed resident of the beautiful city in which he lives.

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FORGE DAWSON, President of the Port Dalhousie, Merritton, St. Catharines & Thorold Electric Railway, contractor, was born at Bed- fordshire, England, in 1833, November 28th. He is the son of John Dawson and Mary Wellman, both of English birth. Our subject was educated at the school of personal and practical experi- ence, having been obliged to embark in life at a very early age. He took up the occupation of railroading, which he has since followed. At the age of twenty-one years he was, in company with others, sent by the British govern- ment to Russia to build a railway from

Balaclava to Sebastopol. Here he remained about two years, when he came to Canada and associated himself with the G.T.R. for some years. He then went to Ohio, where he remained about twelve years, and in 1875 returned to Canada and settled in St. Catharines, where he has been associated with all enterprises tending to benefit the city's interests. Among the many large con- tracts which Mr. Dawson has been in charge of may be mentioned 100 miles of the Chicago & Atlantic ; 75 miles of the Milwaukee Northern ; section No. 1 2 on the Welland Canal ; and was awarded the contract of the ship canal from the Bay of Fundy to the Straits. He has also been entrusted with the fol- lowing works : a bridge across the Hudson River, i YZ miles long ; 1 1 1 miles of the Northern Pacific Junc- tion, now operated by the G.T.R. ; and the Cantilever Bridge crossing the Niagara River at Niagara Falls, Ont. In religion he is a member of the Church of England; in politics a sup- porter of the Liberal party. He was married in 1866, in the State of Ohio, to Lauretta, daughter of John Beaty. His family consists of three children, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Dawson has had an envi- able career, having been engaged in many great public works, which have made his name known on two continents. • He is yet full of vigor, and his many friends hope he may long continue to enjoy the reputa- tion he 'has so fully and justly earned.

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LATH JAMES TAYLOR was born in Surrey, England, November 5th, 181 j. He was the son of John Thos. Taylor and Ann Flora Mackie. His father was of English birth, and his mother was Scotch. Our subject came to America in i8jj, and settled in Canada, where he was joined two years later by his parents, with whom he settled in the neighborhood of St. Catharines. Here he started in business in 1834, which he continued up to the time of his death, March joth, 1886. Mr. Taylor was a prom- inent member of the C.O.F., president of the Hoard of Trade, and vice-president of the Security, Loan cS: Savings Society, St. Cath- arines, and was a man who had a fine grasp of financial matters. He was deeply inter- ested in municipal and military affairs. In politics he was a staunch Conservative ; in religion, an Episcopalian. Mr. Taylor was married twice, first, September 4th, 1837, to Elizabeth Burns, and second, October i6th, 1849, to Lisette Ann Bate. He left a widow, one son and three daughters. His son is now junior member of the firm of Taylor & Bate.

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THK LATE JAMES TAYLOR.

THE LATE MAJOR TAYLOR.

E LATE MAJOR TAYLOR, Cobourg.

Ont., was born January Jist, 1810. He is the son of John Taylor and Flora Mackie. After receiving a good practical education, he turned his attention to military life and took a first-class training. In 1827, he sailed for Madras as cadet for the East India Company, where he remained twenty-five years, returning as full major. He came to Canada in December, 1851, settling at St. Catharines, where he lived retired about fif- teen years. He then removed to Cobourg, where he resided up to the time of his death, which occurred September 2nd, 1887. The major enjoyed the distinction of being one of the finest military men of Her Majesty's ser- vice, his foreign career and long experience giving him an advantage which very few possessed. In religion, he was a member of the Church of England ; in politics, a Con- servative. He was married December 2oth, 1852, to Charlotte Nelles, of St. Catharines, Ont., daughter of Col. Nelles. a well-known settler in that district. He left a widow and one son, Louis, the latter a rancher in Cali- fornia.

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jEOKGE BURCH, manager of the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Co., St. Catharines, was born October i8th, 1842, in Somersetshire, England. He is the son of Win. Burch and Elizabeth G. Cox, and was educated at the national schools of England, and at the public schools of Buffalo, N.Y. At the age of twenty he was appren- ticed to the machinist trade, remaining six years ; then in partnership with Samuel Collinson, of Buffalo, manufacturing mowing and reaping machines, knives and cutting apparatus. After two years they removed to St. Catharines, where they remained until 1880, when they sold out to the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Co., of Akron, Ohio. Mr. Burch continued as assistant manager until 1891, and since as manager of the St. Catharines business, and under his super- vision it has reached large proportions, and sends its output to all parts of Canada, Brazil, and other countries. In politics Mr. Burch is a Conservative ; in religion, a Methodist ; also a Mason. He was married in 1867 to Mary Collinson, who died in 1892, and in 1894 he married Agnes Phillips.

K WARREN, M.D., C.M. (McGill), and member of College of Physicians and Surgeons, Ontario, Whitby, was born in 1850 at that place. He is the son of William Warren and Clarissa Lynde. The former came to Canada in 1820, settling in Whitby Township, where he was subsequently ap- pointed collector of customs. Dr. Warren was educated at Whitby grammar schools, and Upper Canada College, graduating in 1871. He then practised in connection with Drs. Foote and Warren at Brooklin, Ont., but on the death of his brother he succeeded him and remained there until 1892. He then removed to Whitby, where he now enjoys probably the largest and most lucra- tive practice in the district. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I.O.O.F., and the A.O.U.W. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, and has been approached to accept legislative honors, but always refused. In religion he is a member of the Church of England. Dr. Warren was married in 1873 to Henrietta Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Burns, of St. Catharines, Ont., and niece of the late Chief Justice Burns, of Toronto.

FRANK WARREN, M.U., C.M.

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V\7lIITBY, the county town of the r T County of Ontario, is situated on Lake Ontario, twenty-eight miles east of Toronto. Originally it was called "Windsor Harbor/' and as early as 1833 had a tramway and storehouse (the property of Mr. John Welch) for shipping wheat, Hour, etc. The government improved the harbor in 1843 and 1844, an(J unt'l tne c°»- struction of railways it was an important shipping point, the harbor being reckoned the best between Toronto and Kingston. In 1836 Peter Perry commenced business on the Kingston Road, a mile and a half north of the harbor. The place was called " Perry's Corners '"until about the date of the separa- tion of the County of Ontario from the Counties of York and Peel in 1852. At an earlier date the main business of the neigh- borhood was carried on a mile east of Perry's Corners, then called East Windsor, and afterwards Hamer's Corner's, from John Hamer, a leading merchant of the place, uncle to our well-known citizen, J. Hamer Greenwood, Esq. On the formation of the new county the village of Whitby was de- clared by Act of Parliament to be the county town of the County of Ontario, and the requisite county buildings, court house, gaol, and registry office were all in due time erected. The town has obtained railway communications with every part of the county, with the Georgian Bay on the northwest, Muskoka to the north, and Victoria and Haliburton to the northeast. The G.T.R. passes through the town. Its citizens have taken great interest in the matter of education, having a well-equipped Collegiate Institute and Model School for training teachers, besides ward schools and

a separate school. It is also the seat of the Ontario Ladies' College, probably the most extensive and best equipped college in the Dominion for the education of young ladies. The main building was formerly known as " Trafalgar Castle," the residence of the late Sheriff Reynolds, to which was added some years ago the extensive addition known as " Ryerson Hall," and within the last year " Frances Hall," the whole forming a .most elegant, commodious, and substantial struc- ture, and having beautiful surroundings. The college has its own steam and electric plant for heating and lighting. The popu- lation of the town is about 3,000. There are two Episcopal churches, besides Meth- odist. Presbyterian, Baptist, and Roman Catholic, and the building is still standing of the Congregational church which was the first pastorate of the now celebrated Rev. John Cunningham Geikie, D.D., author of " The Life of Christ," and other works. There are also a large number of benevolent societies in operation. The manufactures of the town are represented principally by the extensive tannery of Mr. Charles King, who has a large warehouse in Toronto ; the J. V. Martin buckle factory, for the manufacture of all kinds of hardware necessary for harness; Brown's foundry (formerly Brown & Patterson); Harper's machine shop, a healthy and prosperous business: Gross & Granger's sash and door factory ; and Cormack's lumber business. The town has fine agricultural grounds, with adequate buildings, race track, and other conveniences which admirably serve the purposes of the Ontario and Durham Exhibition Society, and the headquarters of the 341)1 Battalion, under the command of Lieut. -Col. Paterson.

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LATE JOSHUA RICHARDSON, of Whitby, Ont., was born May i5th, 1813, in Queen's County, Ireland. He is the son of Joshua Richardson and Catherine Sexsmith. Mr. Richardson came to Canada with his parents in 1822, settling in Picker- ing, where he purchased a large tract of land, and remained up to the time of his death. He was educated at the public schools of Pickering and in Toronto, and, after a regu- lar course of training, returned to his home, and followed agricultural pursuits until 1858, when he retired. During the closing years of his life, he devoted much time to charit- able causes. He did not take an active in- terest in municipal affairs, but was an active member of the Conservative party, and had been tendered legislative honors. In reli- gion he was a Methodist. He was married April 3rd, 1862, to Susan Bryan, daughter of the late Jacob Bryan, of Whitby. Mr. Rich- ardson passed away October 2Oth, 1883, leaving a widow, one son, and three daugh- ters. He had amassed a comfortable fortune, and his well-known charitable donations in his own neighborhood are worthy of record.

THE LATE JOSHUA RICHARDSON.

THE LATE JACOB BRYAN.

LATE JACOB BRYAN, of Whitby, Ont., was born in Wexford' County, Ireland. He came to Canada in the year 1819, taking up his residence in the town of Whitby, where he resided until his death, which occurred at the age of sixty-four years. He was greatly respected by all who knew him, as a model of justice, a pious Chris- tian, and a good citizen. As a neighbor and friend, he was well esteemed and beloved for his many excellent qualities, which enhanced his influence and the pleas- ure of his acquaintance. He was a fine specimen of the old school of sterling pion- eers, who, in the early decades of this cen- tury, exerted such a strong moral influence on the sentiment of our then embryo great- ness. His memory is yet fragrant to those who remember him. Mr. Bryan left surviv- ing him a numerous family, all of whom have now arrived at years of maturity and occupy respectable positions in society. The late Mr. Bryan was a devout member of the Methodist Church for forty years previous to his death, and was beloved by the members of his church for his piety and liberality.

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THOMAS w. CHAITLE was bom

-*- in Kilkenny, Ireland, on the loth day of February, A.D. 1853. His father was a captain in Her Majesty's cavalry regiment 2nd Dragoon Guards, Queen's Bays, and a native of Great Torrington, Devonshire, England, and was present at the relief of Lucknow, where he died shortly afterwards. At the time of his father's death Mr. Chappie was residing in London, Eng- land, but shortly afterwards came to this province with his mother and sister, settling at Newcastle, Durham County, where he received his early education, F"or several years he followed farming,

but in 1876 commenced the study of law with J. K. Farewell, Q.C., of Whitby, with whom he remained until some time after he was called to the Bar. In 1884 he cernoved to I'xbridge, where he soon built up a very large practice. For several years he has been the secretary of the Reform Asso- ciation of North Ontario for the Local, and West Ontario for the Dominion. He received the unanimous nomination of the Liberal party of North Ontario at the last general election for the Legislative Assembly, and he carried the riding by a considerable majority, and there is no doubt he will make his mark in the House, and take an active part in the admin- istration of honest, economi- cal, and efficient govern- ment. Mr. Chappie has always taken great interest in educational matters, and for many years has been the secretary-treasurer of the Uxbridge Board of Education, and a director of the Mechanics' Institute. He is also a prominent member of several fraternal societies, such as the Ma- sonic, Foresters, Oddfellows, and A.O.U.W., in the latter holding the office of District Deputy Grand Master for several years. In religion he is a Presbyterian, has been a member of the Board of Management of Chalmers' Church for many years, is a man of wide influence, extended useful- ness, and highly respected in the community. He was married December 27th, 1882, to Miss Lucy A. FVench, daughter of Milton French, Esq., Ottawa.

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MEN

CANADA.

1\ /I AGLOIRE LEPINE, merchant, JLV I and secretary-treasurer of ^^ Lepine Park, Maisonneuve, Que., was born in the city of Montreal, April 6th, 1864. His father was J. B. Lepine, of Montreal. Mr. M. Lepine received his education at St. Lawrence College, which he attended for six years. He then commenced business as a dry-goods clerk, and in 1884 entered the Civil Service in the post- office department of Montreal. After remaining there six years he resigned. In 1890 he became secretary of Lepine Park, now owned by Mr. J. B. Lepine, which office he still holds. In addition

to this position he also engaged in the dry-goods business in 18.91, and since then has conducted the principal trade in this line in Maisonneuve. In politics he is a Liberal. On August 3ist, 1892, Mr. Lepine was married to Ida Dauph- inais, the daughter of Edward Dauph- inais, of Sherbrooke, Que. His family- consists of two sons. Mr. Lepine is a member of the C.O.F. and "Alliance National," having held the office of Vice-Chief Ranger in the former. Mr. Lepine is very highly respected by all who know him, and is one of the most honorable and successful business men in the community.

GALT

7C BOUT a century ago it would have jL \ required a man of great prophe-

^® tic vision to stand on the thickly wooded hills overlooking the present Town of Gait, and foretell a tithe of the abundant prosperity which has since crowned Dum- fries and the " Manchester of Canada." Indeed, there was at that time nothing on which even a reasonable conjecture might rest. The thousands of acres of goodly land stretching far and near were owned by Indians, who roamed over them with no thought of the great change to be brought about by the advent and civilization of the white man. This condition of affairs was, however, not to remain long undisturbed, as the pioneer was already spying out the land, and business and agriculture were waiting for an open door. As the eighteenth cen- tury was folding its tent, to quietly steal away, a speculator appeared in the person of Philip Steadman, who bought from the Six Nation Indians a tract of land contain- ing some 95,000 acres, which subsequently became known as the Township of Dum- fries. For this he paid about $45,000. Just what steps he took to improve this vast farm do not appear, but it is not probable that anything, beyond a change in the ownership, marked the transfer for many years afterward. Facilities for speculation and improvement were almost totally absent, as the whole population of Upper Canada was at that time not more than 20,000 peo- ple, while the greater part of Ontario lay in its primeval solitude. Mr. Steadman is believed to have died without a will a few years after receiving his deed, and the land was subsequently purchased by Hon. Thos. Clarke, of Lincoln County, about the year 1811.

At this time there was living in the town of Niagara a gentleman who was destined to become the leading spirit in the march of civilization from the Niagara Peninsula to the far wilds of the North. This was the Hon. Wm. Dickson, a lawyer by profession, who took an active part in the war of 1812. In 1816 this gentleman bought the Stead- man lands for $120,000, being a little more than one dollar per acre. At this juncture another strongly marked character appears on the scene in the person of Mr. Absalom Shade, an active and intelligent young car- penter and builder, whose shrewdness, indus- try, and foresight afterwards played such a prominent part in opening up and develop- ing the fertile Township of Dumfries. This young Scotch workman came under the favorable notice of Mr. Dickson, by the prompt and intelligent manner in which he executed the work the honorable gentleman engaged him to do. Mr. Shade was the very man Mr. Dickson was looking for to act as his agent in carrying forward the work of settling his newly-acquired lands. The first step to be taken was to locate a suitable spot for a centre of operations, and to this end Messrs. Dickson & Shade made a tour of inspection during 1816. When they reached the site of the present Town of Gait, they halted, being impressed with the embryo possibilities of a desirable community. The condition of the soil was favorable, and good water power from the Grand river was obtainable without great difficulty : hence after carefully exploring the township they decided to begin a settlement at this now well-reputed spot. These men began a task which to persons of less persistence and courage would have seemed a forlorn hope, but Scottish brain and Scottish brawn

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MEN

CANADA.

pushed ahead and laid well the foundation of the marked prosperity which arrived in the later decades. Great difficulties there were, no roads, no mills, no stores, no sup- plies of any nature nearer than twenty miles. These were the days of which it might be said, " If wishes were roads, pioneers might travel." However, the intre- pid Shade with a companion or two threw down their kit of tools, seized their axes and began the erection of the first log house of the new settlement. This unpretentious abode for a considerable time sufficed for dwelling, store, and general centre of sup- plies. Under its roof and around its wide fireplace were concocted many of the pro- jects which gave an impetus to the com- munity.

One of the first requisites of the new colony was a grinding mill at which the few settlers could secure flour from the bit of wheat which they managed to grow between the stumps. The genius of Mr. Shade soon evolved a grinder which, though decidedly primitive, answered until some- thing better could be secured. Just what the device was does not appear, but it evi- dently was not akin to the modern roller process. In 1817 the township contained 38 families, or about 160 of a population. Three years later the little community became known as " Shade's Mills," and boasted ten buildings, comprising four mills and shops of various kinds, and the remain- der log houses and shanties. A substantial bridge was built across the river, some minor improvements were contemplated, the land was worth about three dollars per acre. From 1820 to 1825 the work of settlement proceeded slowly, although Mr. Dickson con- tinued to make commendable efforts to induce emigration and develop the resources of the township. The land, although fertile, was heavily timbered, and much hard toil and long patience were necessary to secure even reasonably profitable returns. Vast acres of ripening grain and long stretches of

healthy meadow were reserved for later years of patient labor. Sometime during 1821 the first tavern made its appearance. This small and unpretentious building was, while an accompaniment of civilization, not a strong factor in the progress of the com- munity, which would not have felt a loss if the liquor vendor had never arrived. Tra- vellers were not so plentiful in those days that they would have seriously taxed the hospitality of the residents, and the whisky dispensed by that public house was not required by the pioneers of Dumfries.

The next five years were marked by con- siderable improvement in the affairs of the hamlet and township. The English press, particularly Chambers' Journal, advocated the advantages and possibilities of Canadian emigration. An era of private letters to friends and neighbors at home set in, and ere long an influx of good settlers arrived, principally Scotch people who had the cour- age and industry to carve out for themselves a home in this new country. In those days opportunities of hard work and sacrifice presented on every hand. The only capital of the sturdy settler was good health and a sharp axe; with these a small log house was soon secured, a little plot of ground cleared, and the cultivation of grain and potatoes began among the stumps. While this was going on, Mr. Shade, the leading spirit, was moving to and fro among the people, and by effort and advice did much to stimulate the efforts of the little band. Toward the close of the decade terminating with 1830 a very important event occurred in the arrival of Mr. John Gait, commissioner of the Canada Company, whose object was to open a road from Shade's Mills to Guelph. This bit of enterprise was hailed with delight by the entire inhabitants of the township, who saw in this work an opportunity to earn a little ready money. Mr. Shade, with characteris- tic shrewdness, secured the greater part of the contract and thus obtained his first real financial start, and laid the foundation of

MEN OF CANADA.

417

the considerable wealth which he subse- quently acquired. The construction of this road placed some ready cash, a very scarce article in those days, in the hands of a large number of the pioneers, and also assisted the prosperity and development of Guelph and lands adjacent. This helpful and popular visit of Mr. Gait forever settled the name of the present well-known manufacturing < i litre. The primitive term "Shade's Mills" gave way to the more compact name of Gait, the change giving satisfaction to the whole of Dumfries.

In 1830 the business of the community assumed more noticeable proportions. The farmers had something to sell, or rather barter, as at certain seasons there was really no money in circulation. Thus everything, even matrimony, was conducted on the exchange principle. " Bimetallism " did not then trouble the natives, nor was the " gold standard " a subject of discussion by people with whom even brass buttons were current. In those days a certain couple presented themselves before a minister to be married. After the deed was done the bride stepped up to the minister and modestly told him that they had no money, but would send him some " sausage " on the following day. As the prosperity of the farming community increased, their surplus products piled up in the hands of the local merchants, who were confronted by the serious problem of a market for their stocks. The geographical outlet was doubtless Lake Ontario, which could be reached by way of Beverley Swamp and Dundas. To transport merchandise through this almost bottomless swamp, if there had been roads on either side, was out of the question, and so the solution of a pas- sage to the lake was left to that stern neces- sity which is said to be the mother of inven- tion. The store supplies* of Mr. Shade had so accumulated that he was forced to find a market for them. To this end he decided to build a Hotilla of flat-boats, risk navigating the Grand River to Dunnville, pass through

the Wetland Canal to Port Dalhousie and thence by lake steamer to destination. No sooner was this method of transport decided than Mr. Shade set to work with his accus- tomed alacrity to build his Meet, which in due course appeared under the name of the " Arks," seven boats in all, each 80 feet long by 16 feet wide, which gave each floater a capacity capable of holding 400 barrels of Hour. When these primitive vessels were loading the fanning community was all agog, and when the fleet left laden with pork, grain, flour, furs, etc., the prayers and best wishes of Dumfries followed it. However, this method of transit did not prove very desirable for long, and at the end of three years was abandoned.

Following 1830 times perceptibly im- proved. Large Scotch contingents arrived and land clearing proceeded rapidly. With increased comfort the hardened muscles of the toilers somewhat relaxed, and the care lines on the public brow seemed less deeply graven. The old-time logging bees were convivial scenes, and the " social hops '• were found a means to enliven the spirits of young and old. Hard-working men occa- sionally found time to hunt bears, wolves, and deer, while shooting matches were, at least, of yearly occurrence. These early pastimes made refreshing breaks in the grinding work of the pioneer, and made more cheerful his daily toil. The drinking cus- toms of this period were capable of vast improvement. With whisky at twenty cents per gallon the opportunity of using it as a beverage was within the reach of almost every one. As a matter of fact, the con- sumption of liquor at this time was very great. All special events, marriages and christenings included, were attended by " spirits." Workmen of all grades de- manded their " horns," and invariably got them. It is affirmed that during this decade more liquor was consumed during a spring or fall fair day at Gait than is now sold by all the Gait hotels in a week. Up to this

MEN

CANADA.

point no mention has been made of religious and secular instruction, which had been carried on in such manner as the facilities then afforded. Gait was founded many years before the arrival of a regular minister, although the community had been occasion- ally visited by a missionary. In 1832 the Rev. Wm. Stewart, of the Church of Scot- land, came and began his pastorate. At this time many of the people had somewhat lax notions concerning Sabbath observance, and the early efforts of the minister to remedy this and kindred evils were not always grace- fully received. There were of course no churches at this period, and all religious ser- vices were conducted in empty rooms, store- houses, etc. Notwithstanding the ministerial hardships of those days the religious ser- vices were generally appreciated, and the presence and influence of the pastor was a great comfort to many. Mr. Stewart re- mained in Gait until he completed St. Andrew's Church, when he went to the West Indies, where he subsequently died. The religious life of the community was more or less affected by an occasional " camp-meet- ing" conducted by some zealous Methodist from a distance. These departures from the well-beaten religious track were pleasant breaks in the life of the people, who liberally patronized these outdoor gatherings, which were doubtless made a blessing to many who attended.

The first schoolhouse was erected some time during the first quarter of the present century. It was, of course, a small log build- ing capable of holding a score or more of the young pioneers, who were under the com- mand of a schoolmistress. Here the young idea was taught to shoot until 1832, when the old log institution was superseded by a more pretentious roughcast structure erected at the head of Main street. The cur- riculum in those days consisted largely of the three R's, " Readin'," " 'Ritin'," " 'Rith- metic," supplemented with a good supply of the birch. Among the pedagogues of that

time was one named Gowinlock, vviio was quite a character and filled an important niche in the community. His wit, wisdom, and originality made him a popular and use- .ful resident, and his presence greatly as- sisted in preventing premature care lines on the public brow.

In 1834 the population of Gait reached 250 people, and increased hopefulness and activity were seen throughout the township. New settlers were arriving, new buildings were going up, good crops were gathered, and a marked improvement was general. Among the noted arrivals of this year may be mentioned that of Dr. Miller, who came from England to make a name and secure a com- petence in the new world. He and his shaggy ponies soon became prominent institutions in the village, where he was much respected, obtained a good practice, made money, and subsequently returned to the old land, where he retired. The year 1834 will not soon be forgotten by the survivors of that time, nor will their children's children be liable to for- get that memorable date when the cholera visited Gait and in four or five days carried off about one-fifth of the population.

During the next few years business was almost entirely controlled and shaped by Messrs. Dickson & Shade, who practically held a monopoly. But these gentlemen had the progress of Gait and Dumfries at heart, and were kind and liberal in their transac- tions with their fellows. On account of their progressive policy and owing to other changes at work the settlement was making more rapid strides. The population was materially increasing, men of means and education appeared, farmers were prosper- ing, new enterprises were manifest, and an air of general independence prevailed. The few merchants were doing business at healthy margins, 40 per cent, and 50 per cent, of profit was not unusual, and farther up in the Waterloo district one shrewd Dutchman is said to have made the proverbial i per cent., by buying an article for one dollar and sell-

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419

nig it for two. These days of living profits were, however, not destined to last, for in 1835 an enterprising Irishman named Richard Irwin arrived, began doing business in more modern style, and soon reduced the retailer's margin to about one-half its former size. About this time the religious and in- tellectual life of the community received an impetus in the arrival of Rev. John Bayne, who soon made himself felt in Gait as a great moral and social power.

Between 1835 and 1837 much notable im- provement took place. The population re- ceived liberal accessions, and the wealth of the place showed visible increase. This brought more leisure, and a demand for suit- able literature sprung up. This culminated in a very acceptable circulating library, which, although its maintenance cost a struggle and taxed the liberality of the lead- ers of the project, was a great boon to the community, and brightened the lives of many people. The Gore District Mutual Fire Insurance Company had its origin in 1837, and did business with headquarters at Brantford for the first quarter of a century. In 1863 the company removed its head office to Gait, where it has since remained.

The early municipal government of Gait was not by any means a ponderous system, and there were no chances of boodling in connection with the public offices. The business of the entire township could be transacted in a few hours, and the occasion of the annual business meeting was looked upon as a sort of holiday break in the monotony of the times. In 1819 the first meeting was called by the township consta- ble for the first Monday in January, and as nearly as can be ascertained some dozen Dumfries men responded. A temporary platform was erected in the open air, a chair- man appointed, and nominations received for the positions of pathmaster, fence-viewers, pound -keepers, etc. These were speedily elected, their names entered in a book, and the fathers of the township could then ad-

journ for u year. As the weather was gen- erally very severe, these practical home rulers would, by the time their annual meet- ing was over, feel pretty cold outside, and would lose no time in repairing to the tavern to warm up inside. The balance of the day was usually spent in drinking, and not infre- quently pugilistic encounters occurred which made a little business for the magistrate. However, this was about all there was in civic business to create interest, as all the yearly emoluments of public life combined would not then reach $3,000. A few years later the municipal system was revised and conducted on more modern principles.

The first record of interest being mani- fested in political matters is found in 1825. In those days the Dumfries people had to go to vote at a point somewhere near the present town of Burlington. The names of W. Lyon Mackenzie, and his paper, theCo/oma/ Advocate, issued at Niagara, were exerting a marked influence on the township of Dum- fries, which was largely a Liberal constitu- ency. During a contest in the " thirties " Mr. Shade, of previous honorable mention, was elected by the Gait Conservatives. It was during this parliament that Mr. Mac- kenzie was expelled five times, and each time Mr. Shade's name appeared among those who sought his expulsion. These were stormy times. The " Family Compact " were carry- ing things with a high hand, and treated the demand for responsible government with contempt. The desire of the Colborne Ad- ministration to inflict a state church upon the county made Dumfries more strongly Liberal. Mr. Mackenzie, during this agita- tion, held a public meeting in Gait, received a good deal of opposition, and was burned in effigy in full view of the platform from which he was speaking. Sir Francis Bond Head was sent out by the Home Government ap- parently to address Canadian grievances, and sided with the " Compact." This only added to the disquietude of the Liberals and hastened the rebellion. During 1837 public

high in Dumfrltii, th« | pl»-

fin- UK* moM purl lympithlxlng wnli Maekon- «l«, but rtgnttlng witminG iiieHHurns, Many Mining Incident* and tryiiiK minnow occurred

ill (illll Itllll Vicinity during ibeHO liollhle

Home times, iiinl llm progroHH i»f llio rum* iniiiiliv WUH more or lain ilUtur bud, How ever, Ihn dawn ol' gioalei tranquillity WIIH nom al liiinil. I .onl Durham WUM expected In the Hprlng of IN |H, wilh lull powoi In Ki-unl

iC'tpnlimhlc };. •\rllllll. Ill, \\linli happy

ehungo WUH shorllv alter bittught about, A hotter Mulo nl IcoliiiK mid condition ofttffttll'l

followtd thii ooiiQiiilun i«» the ptoptei Rnd

bllMllOHH, HKI'UMlllllhMUIil Ki'lli'l'lll pl-OKl'I'dH

lu^iui lukiiiK niplil MritlrH,

In iHjgilio Dumfrtdi Agricultural Hoolity \vwn furmiMl.whirli HIIVP mhlitioiiul Iniptrttton In Ilin liti'iiiiiiK isiMiiniHiilly Mini linpiovml llu' ipiuliiv «•!' i*ml pimiiiriu, Polltioi ippur to lirtvn vtiulM'iml, mill llin propln n«v« inoi'i' in- Inlli^iMil itltiMiliitn In llii'il vm'ioim otHMlpa tloim. In iN,|o thn Krv. Domi Hooinnr, n rimivli ol IliiKlmul rliTKyiiimi, ftrrlvcd, Mid lui nvri lliirlv yiuii'M il!<! u K\M\(\ work muoiiK !l" i»«M«pl«- of (mil iiinl DuinlVii'i*, mul Irl'l i- IHM.I IIUM iii. u ....... of n '-Hv lifo

mid kimlly th»r><U, Altoul \\\\* priioil thr> I\«1M MollioiliM I'luiii'li \v»»(* luiill, i-liirlly

lln,.., h ill, I lU'l . in. I nilln. n, . (tl Ml,

Imtiu' SOIIIH, \\lio \V»K n ipiuinl bill l Iwy nuMiibn ol Ibal body, Tbi« brother coulil f*iny, prtiVi oxborl, or pivttHt wilh mcul powor, mid wan tilwiiyn fteceptttblo lo I ho poopli1. At Ihiit tinio Ihri'o WCI'PKOV- ntil win^n ol' t ho MoihiuliM ilonoinimUioii in tho roimliv, Bpiicopulli Now C'onnoxion, Pi'hnitivo, mul \\Vttlt\vmiM, all woikin^ urtoi1 thoii1 own molhoil, Tho^o vurioim brmirhp* »li«l ^ooit work, mul by Ihoii itonl, oiithii^i(\«nu And timpUeity of proctttlura xromlv aMMiMotl in inoiiMiiiK tho loli^on* lilo ol'tho country • Tho?«o ililloiont wortionn llnully »ll happily uiiuilKtuiititcd rtihl fonnoil tht fTttt Mtthod* IM rhwvh of tonltty, Tho pronont dtmvnntoni of thin body in Gilt Imvo ii-'iu a .in til beginning) thou nunibois .IM.I

iiilliuMK r InorvHling UH llio yrurs KII by, until now linn liuvr n ciiiiso mul « lunch MU mul l<>

IIMIU- in WoMicin Mathodlinii

Iii iH|i ,in cpiwodo. occurred which IIUM u dimppointlngi UH well UH mi mnusiiiK, nitlc, It uppcut'H (hut jiinl when ccituin of (he leud- iiiK npii'iiH were ttgttfttiiigthttdtilriblllty of M weekls1 pupcr mi uppmcntly oppoitunc in- • in i. in .1 by ....,,. of " I ln\ iium " loomed up, I Ic rtoeined lo be (lie ideal man to run the paper, mid declared the project to be the voi'y thin}; lie wim looking for i He WIIH noon lion- ixed by Hociety, «ave bi^ dinneiM, bm rowed freely, giving oiuMiininx rotnittmiceM as colla- terill, I'UII big billli dltlMd ind talked well, On nil NidcM he was rocotfnixcd UH tho editor- to-be of the approaching journal, which wurtto be culled /'/»<' IVtittrnAfotrtiMr, The iininiti' Hated uHHiiruncoH of tho rogue muy bo guilt- erod liom I he fuel that he actually senl a man lo Montreal, |oo miles, till of which be had to drive, with mi order on Home iinugi- nury Iii m for the pronncH, typo, mul pumphcr- nuba ol a printing ofAotti This messenger had his cight-hundrcd'tnilc drive for nought, and cunie buck u wiser mul suddcr man, While this transaction was in progress, Hay- man, the "high roller, "suddenly disappeared, leaving many creditors to mourn his loss, In iM.j | (lull had her lirst rcsilly disastrous lire, which made some noticeable gaps in her streets, A small hand engine was then the only protection, but it did very good work in tho hands of an energetic though primitive brigade, In tact, hand engines were used until 187,1, when the modem steamer up- poared, It was about this period that manufacturing began to imptcss itself, A foundry was operated by one Duncan Fisher, and domino's works began ousting about ' '' i i it was at this period that tho Dumfries foundry, now tiolilic vS: McC'ulloch's im- mense concern, had its origin, Tho llrst steam engine started in (ialt was placed in Elliott's distillery in 1844, ami was built by John l«urtshoro,of Dundws, Dickson's mills were erected about this time, as wore also the

MKN or CANADA

411

MIIW MI, I woollen mill*. Unfortunately.lhey were nil ' I- .1 1 "\ . .1 l-\ tire IP .1 1 1\ after,

In iH,|.| (ho In .1 n. \\ .|>.i|'. i . (|K- l>i,,it/n, . < «.•/,/. actually .i|>i" IK <i, publlthfd by 11 Men" Hcarlc. He had a large concept ion nf (he arduous duties of un editor Mild duly (Magnified the office, lie NVIIM not .(>• • i.ill\

troublid about the Ungth and <piality --i in •

• -lii"i i.il .. and would not much mind if un indite now .iinl then were minus of that uc> complithrtltnti Later on the ( .<nn,> wan IIIIK h lieiieliled dy (he arrival of Peter J affray & SOUK, who, being of a literary character, ;i. .tl\ helped the cnlerprine. Some three yearn later Mr. J affray began to I'M! li h a .11 1. 1 II .In . i (idled (hi- 1 1 .ill l\. f'.'ii. i

I Ins opposition neetned to disturb | t

" Men " and the Courier, as they both subsc i|iiently succumbed, (ialt wan incorporated in 1850, and had a population of 2,000, I \i

• I. ncen of wealth and improvement were not iceable at every turn, and this enterprin- ing centre wax fairly in the nwcep of a suc- cennful future. Some time in 1834 there wart an exciting content between (ialt und Merlin over the county neat, Thin resulted in a victory for Merlin, and (ialt and I)umfrien were attached to the. new County of Water- loo. Political party linen were from thin out clearly dclinrd, Thin was greatly ansintcd by the advent of another paper, Up to thin point Mennrn, Ainnlic & JiirTruy had been in partntnhip conducting tin* A', /•"//.<. but

they now dissolved, Mr. J affray continumr. the late paper an a Condervutive organ, and Mr. Ainslie issuing the Ihinifrif* Rtfonntr. The I lit. i subsequently came into the hand*

of Mr* Jamai young, who conducted it for many yearn, It wan at thin time that the I l"ii. < ,i MIJM Mrown loomed up an the cham- pion of the rights of Upper Canada. He wan \oniij;. vi^ototin, and oulnpoken, and from then until the clone of bin career made and Idled II-. MI. ill part of Canadian hi*tory.

K'« li!;i»M and necular iiiNtruction (ontin- ned to keep price with the material ptonperity of the town, A splendid < ollegiate Institute

and (iritmmiirSdiool appeared, Shottly after the inreption of them- seals of Ir.iimiii; Ml. \\ ilh.im Tunnn, M.A., wan prineipal of the I' >i inn , and HIM eeeded it giving it an enviable i< (Mil. iii. ,11. and in making In .nun. .1 bonne- hold word in educational . i>. I. . in muny |.:ni . of thin i ounlry, The (ireal Wenlerit

l\ nlwjiy wan tit thin time neitnn^ plHion,

and the 1,1 ... ; Trunk linn wan begun, Thene ehaniieln of provim ial impi..\. m. ni were hailed with great . I. linlii by the eoim* try in general an the fororunnern of commur* cial and agririiltuial expannion, Tbe (ialt branch of the (ireat Wentern wan com- menced in 1832, The llrnl nod wan turn. <l by Sir Allan McNab, and wan un oc< anion ol great I'tltil. The hnmlii. \...m, i> |M>nir.| in from a|J directionn, and the town wan in holid.ty clothcn, In the evening a big ball wan held, at which the //i// of tin* com- munity tripped the light fantantic toe away into the " wee nma* bourn." The decade between iN^o and iMf»o wan very pronperoiii. (ialt had become H town, and wumotimdcred the hncnt grain market for thirty mil. . around, There were manufactories galore, and Hi- "Mm' IK .1.1 of Canada " forged .diead by leapn and boundn. The ('rimean war of iH;, | gave a great impetun to the country, The farmern became wealthy, I.M.il |iin|.iitv went up, and town lotn boomed, In fact, the |>t".|» nty wnn too

M'l'l. M to be healthy, and many by their extravagance and npei ulntion Itlidthfl ("imda- tion of a nubneipient dinantroun downfall. The (i.W.K. branch wiin completed and

"I *d for traffic in 1855, The formal

opening of the road wan another great day in the history of Dumfiien. Signals of glad- ness were hung out in all directionn, free riden abounded, and everybody appeared to be travelling,

In Ihisyear William Lyon Macken/ic again appeared in dalt. Thin time he wan on a rrunade to bring about the dissolution of

I i-per and Lower Canada, but neither id- old warrioi nor his paper appeared to make

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CANADA.

much headway. A few years later he ceased agitating, largely disappeared from public life, and died in August, 1861. Gait was now fully robed in town clothes and had a popula- tion of 3,500. Mr. Morris C. Lutz was the first mayor, being elected by the council. He satisfactorily filled the office for more than one term, and at different periods held other important public positions. The management of all municipal matters was reduced to a more modern basis, and the machinery of public affairs was so well attended to that Gait was in no sense handi- capped, as she moved along on her voyage toward the end of the century. It is unnecessary to particularize concerning the all around progress of the town for the past thirty years. Who has not read <>r heard of her manufactories ? Who has not some- where seen the product of her foundries and machine shops, and who does not know of the beauty and healthfulness of Gait as a resi-

dential point ? While her population has doubled, the chimneys of her manufactories have increased. While the resources of the surrounding country have burst their old limits, men of courage and capital have arrived to take care of the increased sub- stance, thus adding to the substantial list of her honored merchants. No more solid and energetic business centre, of its size, can be found on the continent, and with men like her present broad and progressive civic offi- cials at the helm of her future public life Gait will soon stretch out her hands for city honors. With a population in 1896 of 7,500, city property, as per assessed valua- tion, of nearly three millions of dollars, and a small public debt of only $230,000, pro- vided for by a sinking fund, the community may be considered as being far removed from financial embarrassment, and the public may ere long expect to address their civic representatives as aldermen.

(^EORGE WALLACE BROWN, M.D.,

C.M., F.T.M.C., M.C.P. & S.O., Port Arthur, Ont., was born in 1867 in Malahide Township, Elgin County, Ont. His father was George Payne Brown, a Canadian by birth, and his mother was Sarah Percy, of England. Dr. Brown was educated at Aylmer Collegiate Institute and Trinity Medical College, Toronto. He practised for a short time in Springfield, Ont., then located in Port Arthur, in Decem- ber, 1895, where he has already succeeded in building up a successful practice. He has the reputation of being an able physician and sur- geon, and is already be- coming widely known and highly esteemed. The doctor has made a good start in his profession, and will doubtless secure a large connection.

EV. WALTER DANIEL, pastor of the Baptist Church, Port Arthur, Ont., was born Dec. loth, 1870, in Middle- sex County, Ont., near the town of Strath- roy. He is the son of Thomas and Alice Daniel, who were Canadians by birth. Mr. Daniel was educated at the. public schools of Lobo Township and Woodstock College, from which he matriculated in 1889. He then spent three years in the McMaster University, Toronto, after which he entered upon his ministerial labors in Fort William in 1894, remaining there one year, when he removed to Port Arthur, his present charge. Mr. Daniel is expected to make his mark in the world as a useful and successful preacher. He is a man of education and refinement, and a vigorous pulpit man.

PORT ARTHUR

BY

A. L. RUSSELL.

T ARTHUR, the silver gate- way of the golden Northwest. It was from Port Arthur that the pit sent popular Commander-in-Chief of the British Army led his small force of Regulars and Canadian volunteers to quell the rising rebellion in the Red River settlements via Arthur street and the " Dawson " route, the most reliable and expeditious all British amphibious route to the then Great Lone Land. It is the terminus of the eastern division of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and the eastern terminus and headquarters of the Port Arthur, Duluth & Western and the Ontario & Rainy River Railway Com- pany, and as the headquarters of all govern- mental and judicial offices of Algoma West and the judicial district of Thunder Bay there are established here, in the substantial and commodious buildings erected by the Federal and Provincial Governments, the Collector of Customs (controlling the out- ports of Fort William, Rat Portage, Fort Francis, etc.), Collector of Inland Revenue, Post-office Inspector, Inspector of Weights and Measures, Chief Meteorological Obser- ver, Eastern Indian Agent, Fishery Over- seer, Harbor Master, District Judge, Sheriff, Master of Titles and Registrar, Crown Lands and Crown Timber Agents, etc., etc.

For beauty of situation and natural advantages Port Arthur stands unrivalled amongst Canadian towns. Lying on a hill- side rising, by a succession of natural ter- races, to a height of two hundred feet and fronting on a magnificent harbor with its numerous docks and extensive break- water, it forms an attractive picture to the traveller approaching the place by either the

Canadian Pacific Railway or their palatial line of steamships, or the popular Northwest Transportation Company's (Sarnia) line of steamers, or the Port Arthur, Duluth & Western Railway, or the Montreal or Duluth or other lines of steamers frequenting this port as the headwaters of ocean navigation.

Amongst other public institutions erected here of a district nature and subsidized by government is the high school, a handsome structure in Waverley Park, where a higher education is afforded to those who have passed the various public and separate schools. Another very deserving institution is St. Joseph's Hospital, which receives an annual grant from the government and the town. It takes in patients of all denomina- tions, whether residents or strangers. It is a well-conducted institution, as also is the convent of the same name, which supplies an excellent training to all seeking its assist- ance. The public school is also well situ- ated adjacent to Waverley Park, and accord- ing to the last Government Inspector's report has a most efficient staff of teachers, who have succeeded in maintaining a very high order of proficiency and discipline among the pupils. The separate school is also a well-managed institution in a fine situation adjacent to the Roman Catholic Church and Convent.

The fishing industry located here gives employment to many men, and keeps a fleet of tug and sailboats continually tripping it between Port Arthur and Black Bay, Nepigon Bay, Welcome Islands, Isle Royale (U.S.), as well as a weekly line of steamers to Duluth, in Minnesota, from whence the finny delicacies — whitefish and salmon — are transported t3 the principal

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MEN OF CANADA..

cities south and east, the firm-fleshed fish of the cold, clear, deep waters of the inland sea being considered superior in flavor to those caught elsewhere. A large number, packed in ice, find their way daily both east and west of Port Arthur by rail. The Dominion Coal, Coke & Transportation Company handle over their dock here many thousand tons of hard and soft coal for local, storage, and shipping purposes. The Stand- ard Oil Company have their depot and offices here, and forward all their coal oil from this point. Here also are the head- quarters of the Thunder Bay Forwarding & Elevator Company, the Lake Superior Dock Company, the Thunder Bay Boom and Slide Company, the Booth Fish Company, the Electric Light Company, The West Algoma Agricultural Society (holds annual exhibition in the Government Immigration building each fall), the g6th Battalion " Algoma " Rifles, besides numerous pulp- wood and mining companies, and a Mechanics' Institute, etc.

Port Arthur is one of the very few towns which has boldly ventured to build and operate an electric street railway of its own, over seven miles in length, and controlling the traffic in the sister town of Fort William, which at no very distant date is destined to link name and fortune with its elder sister. Amongst other industries are saw and plan- ing mills, sash and door factory, foundry and machine shop, C.P.R. elevator for cleaning wheat, brewery, manufactory of cerated drinks, telephone and electric light com- panies, etc. The various religious denom- inations are well represented by handsome and commodious churches, and include the Presbyterians, Methodists, Church of Eng- land, Roman Catholics, Baptists, and a flourishing corps of the Salvation Army. The Journal, Herald, and Sentinel newspapers, the first a bright daily, keep the people well posted in current events, and the monetary institutions are the Ontario Bank and Ray, Street & Co.'s private bank. In the sport-

ing line there are 'the usual gymnastic, cricket, lacrosse, lawn tennis, football, gun, rifle, curling, and snowshoe clubs, and dur- ing the winter months various debating and other societies contribute to the enjoyment of the long winter evenings.

Owing chiefly to the appreciation in gold increased attention is being directed to this most important factor in our midst. Econo- mic minerals in great variety and abundance are to be found in this neighborhood, which first came into notoriety by the famous Silver Islet Mine, which yielded over $3,500,000 of silver to the fortunate owners. Large areas of both hematite and magnetite occur within thirty-five miles of this town. There are also deposits of gold, silver, copper, nickel, ' lead, pyrites, baryta, serpentine, sandstone, granite, hlate, asbestos, etc., all awaiting the capital, which, owing to the present unsettled condition of trade in the United States as well as Canada, isbeingtemporarily withheld- Should the silver craze prevail in the United States, the mining region southwest of this town will again echo to the constant tap of the miner's hammer and the din of stamp mills now lying dormant. Capitalists are watching with an eager eye the development of the various promising gold properties where mining operations appear to be mak- ing most encouraging strides from the Lake of the Woods, on the west, to the Empress Gold Mine at Jackfish, 150 miles east of Port Arthur, on the east.

As the nearest shipping point to the great Northwest of Canada and possessing a splen- did harbor, this point is destined to become the distributing point of the wholesale west- ern trade, water carriage being so remark- ably cheap that goods can be laid down here at a very small increase of cost on Toronto or Montreal prices. The wholesale dealers would find it to their advantage to get their supplies here instead of going further east, owing to the great saving of time, risks, and expenses generally. This result will be assured and hastened when a competitive

MKN OP CANADA.

railway line to Winnipeg via the Port Arthur, Duluth & Western and the projected Manitoba & South-Kastern Railway is estab- lished. Port Arthur is, moreover, an ideal place for a flour mill, the wheat coming here without transhipment from the fertile prairies, and brought into mills as wheat on one side and launched into vessels on the other side as flour, thereby doing away with the delay and double handling involved at inland points. When the iron mines adja- cent to the town are developed this place will no doubt have foundries, and be a manu- facturing centre.

For the summer tourist, Port Arthur, from its accessibility, beauty, and healthfulness of situation, cool summer days and nights, and the various opportunities it presents for sport, and being in touch by rail, steamer, and telegraph with the business centres, presents almost unrivalled attractions. Situ- ated on the north shore of Lake Superior —the " brother of the sea " — three hundred and fifty miles long by one hundred and fifty miles wide, and a depth in places of over twelve hundred feet, and temperature never rising over 52° F., the nights are always what campers call " grand sleeping nights,'' and days made agreeable by a gentle breeze blowing off the lake, fronting which is the large " Northern " Hotel, built expressly for summer tourists, and which is doubtless the best equipped and best situated hostlery on the Canadian side of the great lake. The eye is charmed with the beautiful extensive and grand surroundings ; from the Welcome Islands Park in the foreground, five miles distant, to Thunder Cape (the " Sleeping Giant"), 1320 feet high, 15 miles off, and, on clear days, in the distance (35 miles) can be seen Isle Royale, in the United States, to which a staunch little steamer makes weekly trips in the interests of fishermen, miners, and pleasure-seekers, who return with choice specimens of the much-pri/ed gem called the chlorastorolyte (cat's eye), for which the beach of this island is famous.

VICARS, lumberman, head of the firm of Vigars & Co., Port Arthur, Ont., was born December 24th, 1849, in Devon, England, He came to Canada with his parents when eight years of age, and resided f »t some years in Bowrnanville, Ont. He was educated at the Public and High schools of that town, after which he went west and settled in Port Arthur, where he has since resided. As a young man he followed the trade of brick- laying for a time, from that to contracting, and finally entered the lumber business about the year 1884, which he has since followed with tact, principle, and energy, and to-day has one of the largest and best equipped plants on the Canadian shore of Lake Superior. For eight years in succession he occupied a seat at the municipal council, was three years chairman of the School Hoard, etc. In religion he is a Methodist ; in politics a staunch and active Conservative, and one of the most highly esteemed citizens of Port Arthur. Mr. Vigars was married in 1872 to Jane Roach. His family consists of five sons and two daughters.

KKHAKU VltlAKS.

TVTRN

CANAOA.

JOHN JOSEPH LONG, Collingwood, junior member of the firm of Thomas Long & Bro., was born in Limerick, Ireland,- June i8th, 1843. He was educated by private tuition, and at the National schools of Limerick. He came to Canada at the age of thirteen, joining his brother at Colling- wood, where he has since resided, and where they have built up one of the largest mercan- tile trades in the northern country. His first position was as clerk in the post-office for six months ; then clerk in the leading store of the town for about one year. He then spent two years at the Grammar School, Colling- wood, after which he was bookkeeper and salesman in several large mercantile houses in Toronto. In 1865 he returned to Collingwood and joined his brother. This firm does an immense retail, wholesale, and shipping business, and also a large trade in the pork-packing line. Mr. Long has been president of the Board of Trade for many years, but is not a politician. In religion he is a Roman Catholic. He was married in 1864 to Belinda, daughter of John Rooney, of Toronto. Mrs. Long died in 1866.

JOHN JOSEPH LONG.

THOMAS LONG, M.P.P.

*JHX)MAS LONG, M.P.P., Collingwood, was born April 7th, 1837, in County Lim- erick, Ireland. He is the son of Thomas Long and Margaret Farrell, was educated at the National schools, came to Canada and settled in Simcoe County. He first spent three years in mercantile business, then served on the Northern Railway near Colling- wood, afterwards entered a general store in Nottawa village, remaining until 1858; then took charge of Buist and Nelville's business at Collingwood, until he started on his own account. Mr. Long is interested in the steamship line of the Great Northern Transit Company, is director of the British American Assurance Company, the London & Canada Loan Company, the Trust Cor- poration of Ontario, vice-president of the Birkback Loan and Investment Company, president of the Collingwood Mat Company, president and managing director of the Streetsville Woollen Manufacturing Com- pany, etc., etc. He was elected Conservative M.P.P. in 1875 and 1879 for North Simcoe. In religion a Roman Catholic. Married in 1861 to Ann, daughter of Charles Patton.

OP CANAOA.

4?7

DOMINIC

THOMAS

O'MALLEY,

O.C.C., Niagara Falls, Ont, was born March 25th, 1851, in Salford, Manchester, England. He received his education at the parochial schools of England, then went to Ireland, where he obtained a seminary and college education, complet- ing the same in the year 1874. He then came to the United States, where he joined the Carmelite Order, in which he was advanced to the priesthood. He was ordained by the late Arch- bishop Lynch, July i8th, 1880. His first charge was St. Patrick's Church, Clifton, Ont. In 1885 he was re- moved by his Superior to Englewood, N.J., where he remained four years, en- gaged in missionary work. In 1889 he again returned to Niagara Falls, taking charge of his old congrega- tion. He at once commenc- ed building operations, pay- ing off the debt remaining on parson- age, and erecting new parochial school, which is built of pressed brick, with all modern improvements, completing the same in October, 1892. After an interval of a few years the congregation undertook the erection of a new church. The foundations were begun in the fall of 1894 and completed before Christ- mas; work was resumed on the superstruc- ture in May, 1895, which was completed and dedicated December 8th of the same year. The new St. Patrick's Church is a splendid example of the fourteenth century English Gothic, beautiful and chaste in design, and con-

sidered one of the most perfect and complete churches in Ontario. The furnishings of the interior are also very beautiful, while the windows are gifts of the congregation, eight of them being figured. The stations of the cross which adorn the walls have been imported from Munich, Germany, and the statuary is also an importation from the same place. A magnificent pipe organ valued at $2,500 does noble work in the gallery. The church cost $30,000, and the entire property is valued at $50,000, making St. Patrick's one of the most complete and prosper- ous parishes in Ontario.

428

MEN OF* CANADA.

WILLIAM RUSSELL, retired gentleman, Niagara Flails South, Ont, was born in July, 1810, in Yorkshire, England. He was educated at the national schools of Yorkshire, but owing to his opportunities being limited was obliged to become his own tutor, but by hard study has become a well- informed man. Mr. Russell remained on his father's farm until he was thirteen years of age, when he took up the trade of carriage building and general car- pentering. In 1833 he came to Can- ada, and settled in the Niagara District, where he took up building in different branches, at which he continued until

1844. He then went into business, at which he remain- ed for forty years, by which time he had earned quite a competence, and retired from active life. He has since resided at Niagara Falls South, and is one of the best- known residents of that part of the country, holding the respect of all. Mr. Russell has taken an active interest in municipal affairs, having filled the offices of Councillor and Reeve for both town and county, and had the honor of being the first Reeve of the village. In religion he is a member of the Church of England; in politics, a supporter of the Conservative platform. Mr. Russell was married Decem- ber 25th, 1833, at Niagara, to Miss Elizabeth Evans, daughter of the late Samuel Evans. His family consists of nine children, five of whom survive, namely, two sons and three daughters. It ought also to be added that our subject had the honor of assisting George Stephenson, the inventor of the locomotive, to put his first engine on the track at Stockton, England, in the ever memor- able year of 1830, to the great wonder- ment of the incredulous spectators. Although he is now (1896) in his eighty- sixth year, he appears quite hearty, and bids fair to remain among his friends for years to come. Inheriting a good constitution he has, by plenty of exercise and good habits, secured for himself the blessing of a sound physique in old age. His ripe experi- ence and genial manner make him a pleasant gentleman to meet.

HALIFAX

uv

A. H. MACKAY, LL.D., F.R.S.C

,^f I" ALIFAX, capital of the Province of JL! Nova Scotia, chief Atlantic sea- ^^ port of the Dominion of Canada, and headquarters of the British naval forces in North America, is situated on a pear- shaped peninsula about five miles long by three broad, rising in the Citadel Hill to a height of about 250 feet above the waters of the investing harbor, which is one of the largest, safest, and best fortified in the world. The harbor is situated near the middle of the Atlantic seaboard of the province, with its axis running into the land northwesterly some fifteen or sixteen miles at right angles to the southwesterly trend of the coast. For four miles the deep channel runs to the west of Chebucto Hay, which at last con- tracts to a breadth of three miles, two- thirds of which is closed by the irregular island known as McNab's, between whose lighthouse-capped beach on the right and York Redoubt, which frowns from the crest, and the breast of the granite cliffs, rising 150 feet as a sea wall, on the left, there is the gate of the outer harbor, nearly a mile in width, with water a hundred feet deep. Two miles further in the sheet of water is divided by the point of the peninsula, which here forms one of the finest city parks in the world, containing within its two hun- dred acres of labyrinthine forest drives picturesquely masked ; three forts, Ogilvie, Cambridge, and Point Pleasant, which with Forts McNab and Ives' Point on the island to the east and York Redoubt on the west completely encircle the outer harbor and cover its entrance.

The western branch, known as the North- west Arm, is a picturesque fiord about three miles long, a quarter mile wide, and about fifty

feet in depth. Its channel is plainly seen to have been eroded during the glacial age out of the Cambrian slates and quarUites which underlie the peninsula and the adjacent regions to the east and north. This explains the general uniform depth of all parts of the harbor up to the shore in most places. The eastern branch from a breadth of two miles gradually contracts, enclosing George's Island as it skirts the five miles of the eastern or city front side of the peninsula, until at the Narrows it is only about one-third of a mile wide, with a depth of about seventy feet, when it suddenly expands in the rear of the peninsula into Bedford Basin, a magnifi- cent pear-shaped sheet of water of the same size and general shape as the peninsula itself, but with its point directed towards the north, five miles long, three broad, and over 200 feet deep in the centre. It comes within two miles of the head of the Northwest Arm at one point, and can accommodate, as a third or rear harbor, a whole navy, with room to manoeuvre.

The city proper occupies the middle three miles of this five-mile eastern frontage on the middle harbor, the extensive fortifica- tions of Citadel Hill, with its signalling para- phernalia, rising high over its centre. Dart- mouth, which is a virtual suburb of the city, lies on the opposite side, with a population of 7,000 and some important manufacturing establishments, and the fine Provincial Hospital for the Insane. South of Dart- mouth lies Fort Clarence on the east of the harbor, within McNab's Island, and in line with Fort Charlotte, on George's Island, and the Citadel, which form the inner line of fortifications, as well as cover the outer harbor and its entrance, three miles or more

«. .

43°

MEN

CANADA.

distant. George's Island, in the middle harbor, is surrounded by water from seventy to ninety feet deep, and the position of its light is given as Lat. 44°, 38', 30" N., and Long. 63°, 33', 25" E. The geological forma- tion has already been referred to as the Cambrian, which extends back into the country for about thirty miles in fifteen or sixteen more or less faulted anticlines which, having been denuded by geological agencies to the extent of several thousand feet, expose as many belts of productive gold- bearing rock. The exposed rock in numer- ous places exhibit most beautiful and instructive illustrations of glacial action. Across the Northwest Arm, and generally on the west side of the outer harbor, the more or less ferruginous Cambrian argillites and quartzites are in contact with the intrusive granite which occupies the western portion of the county from Chebucto Bay to St. Margaret's Bay. The soil of the city, which in many places fails to cover the polished rock, is formed principally from debris of the more northern Cambrian rocks, with occa- sional pebbles from the very distinctive triassic formations in the mountain ranges on the northwestern coast of the province.

The history of the city dates from the arrival of the sloop of war " Sphinx " under Edward Cornwallis on the 2ist of June, 1749 (old style). It was in convoy of a fleet of thirteen transports carrying 2,516 settlers, the last of whom arrived by the first day of July. The Board of Trade and Plantations, of which Lord Halifax was the energetic president, was the promoter of the coloniza- tion. Hence the name of the city. The small town was at first stockaded as a defence against the surprises of the Indians, who were hostile on account of the special incitation of French emissaries. In the fifties and sixties it was very often the scene of special activity in connection with the concentrations of British and colonial forces against the French, more particularly the French at Louisburg. In the seventies and

eighties the special cause was the American revolution. Then into the next century it was the hostility of the French, aided from 1812 to 1815 by the ungenerous and treach- erous conduct of the United States, when the city was often crowded with prisoners and the harbor with prizes of war. Only once after was there another serious warlike flurry, when in 1838 an interesting debate in the House of Assembly was inter- rupted by the report of an invasion of the Province of New Brunswick from the State of Maine, the British being involved in the trouble connected with the rebellion in the upper provinces. Within a few hours the House, postponing all other considerations, unanimously voted £1,000,000 and ordered 8,000 militia to be at once mobilized to aid the sister province, amid the enthusiastic cheers of the multitude, which crowded all the avenues of approach to the scene.

The resident population of the city appears to have fluctuated, as indicated in the follow- ing table of contemporary estimates or reports of census takings. The floating population was especially large during the years from 1756 to 1783, so much so as to throw serious doubts on the correctness of the figures in the tables which have been repeated in Akin's history. For in 1758 the city appears to have accommodated 12,000 of the land forces of General Amherst, as well as Bosca- wen's fleet of 23 ships of the line, 18 frigates, and 120 transports. And in 1776 General Howe, after evacuating Boston, asked the city to provide accommodation for 200 officers, and provide 3,000 troops and 1,500 Loyalists and their families with fresh sup- plies. Halifax was the general point of dis- tribution of refugees coming to settle in the province or to leave the continent.

• Year. Population.

1749 25l6

T752 4249

1756 (?) 1755

1763 (?) I3OO

1783 (?) 1200

MEN OF CANADA.

43'

Y«.-i»r. I'M). III. ill I..

1791... 1897

1800 (estimated) 9000

1802 8532

1816 11156

1821 (estirnated)i500o

1861 25026

1871 29582

1881 36100

1891 38556

1895 (including Dartmouth), 50,000 (estimated).

The distribution of the population of 1891 into the principal religious denominations is as follows :

Roman Catholic, 15,658, Churches 4 English Church. ...9,964, " 12

Presbyterian 4.877, " 8

Methodist 3.9Q6, " 7

Baptists 2,854, 6

All others 1,032, Universalist i

Total 38,556 38

In 1758 the first representative Assembly was elected from the various districts of the province to form an embyro parliament. It consisted of " six esquires and twelve gentlemen " ; but it was not until the year 1848 that it became necessary for the gov- ernment to have the confidence of this branch of the legislature, in which at that time Joseph Howe was the most eminent popular reformer. The control of the city affairs was from the first very directly under the control of the Provincial Government. Hut the efforts for the self-government of the city, which commenced to be made as early as 1785, were not successful in secur- ing a charter of incorporation until 1841. Six aldermen and twelve common councillors were then annually elected by the people, and these representatives elected the mayor. In 1850 this constitution was so changed that both the mayor and the eighteen alder- men were elected, the former by a plurality of the votes in the city, the latter by the votes in each of the six wards into which the

city wus divided. The municipal revenue for 1895 was estimated at about $320,000* assessed on a valuation of over $23,000,000, $3,000,000 of city property, churches, chari- table institutions, etc., being exempt. The funded debt which is represented in the various public works of the city (water sup- ply, $1,000,000 ; school and city buildings, $300,000 ; sewerage, public gardens, etc., etc.) is about $2,900,000. The first steam- ship to cross the Atlantic by steam power was the " Royal William." It was built and owned entirely in Canada, and left a Nova Scotian port on that historic trip in 1833. The Hon. Samuel Cunard, of Halifax, shortly after became the pioneer of the present great steamship lines. The " Bri- tannia," the first of the " Cunard Line," left Liverpool, England, on the fourth of July, 1840, for Halifax and Boston, where it was greeted with great public demonstra- tions. Halifax has now one of the most strongly fortified as well as one of the most commodious harbors in the world, and the water is so deep that the slight change of tide level has never to be considered in the movements of shipping, as a general rule. It has always been the chief British naval station in the North Atlantic, and the dock- yard, which begins to date from 1758, covers fourteen acres. The dry dock, which serves the purposes of the mercantile as well as the royal navy, is the largest and most costly in America.

There is superior railway and water com- munication with the rest of the continent, so that it is not surprising that the port should stand next to Montreal, the second in the Dominion in the magnitude of its exports, which in 1894 were returned as $6,337,331 ; and the third in the Dominion with respect to its imports, which were for the same year $7,180,940, exceeded only by Montreal and Toronto. The number of vessels arriving and departing from the port during the same year was 2,194, with a ton- nage of 1,329,677. Its trade with the West

432

MEN

CANADA.

Indies and other warm countries is impor- tant, fish, field, and forest products being exchanged for raw sugar and other tropical produce. The manufacturing industries of the city, which in 1891 numbered 348 estab- lishments, have invested in land $364,000, in buildings $1,021,000, in machinery $1,069,- ooo, and in capital $2,842,000. They paid $1,160,000 in wages, utilizing raw material to the value of $4,412,000, and producing material to the value of $7,198,000. The largest of these industries is that of sugar refining, which produces over $2,000,000 annually ; and " rope and twine making," which produces over $700,000. The school- master came out with the first settlers. From an early time the Government aided education, especially from the year 1789, when the city grammar school was estab- lished, and more especially after the year 1864, when the free school system received the assent of the Provincial Legislature. The schools are now graded according to the prescribed provincial course of study, eight years in the common school grades and four years in the high school grades, giving a free course of education from the kinder- garten to the entrance into the university. School attendance is compulsory under cer- tain restrictions. The school buildings and appliances compare favorably with those of other cities, more particularly the newer buildings. The following table outlines the development of the educational system dur- ing the three decades of its existence :

Year. Teaclicrf. Pupils. Kxpencliture. Cost per Pupil.

1866 35 2,670 $21,294.62 $ 7.97

i^75 94 5.175 69>363-69 13-4° 1885 98 6,247 69,405.91 ii. ii 1895 125 7,241 91,298.55 12.60 The University, the corner stone of which was laid in 1820 by Earl Dalhousie on the site of the present city hall — which is con- structed out of the original freestone of the college — was removed to its present site in 1886, when the modern building was erected in brick and granite at a cost of

about $80,000. To the original Faculty of Arts there have been since added those of law, medicine, and science. The annual at- tendance of students is above three hundred. There are also two theological colleges, the Presbyterian College at Pine Hill, situated within the picturesque environment of the Park ; and a Roman Catholic college of the Eudist Fathers on Quinpool Road. In ad- dition to the County Academy and the St. Patrick's High Schools, forming the higher grades of the public school system, there are also the following institutions connected with the provincial system : the Halifax School for the Blind, and the Halifax Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb, both equal in equipment to the best in any country, and free to all in the province requiring such instruction. Some of the other institutions doing educational work are the Halifax Ladies' College, the Convent of the Sacred Heart, the Victoria School of Art and Design, the Halifax Commercial College, La Salle Academy, and several industrial schools. There are five daily, three tri- weekly, and seven weekly newspapers, and two or more published at longer intervals. There are libraries in connection with the several colleges, the Young Men's Christian Association, some of the schools, and such institutions as the Nova Scotia Institute of Science and the Historical Society. The library of the latter is consolidated with the Parliamentary Library. In the City Hall there is also the Citizens' Free Library. Among the philanthropic and charitable institutions may be mentioned the Victoria General Hospital, the Mount Hope Hospi- tal for the Insane (in Dartmouth), the County Poor House, the Halifax Dispensary, and the Young Men's Christian Association. Among the churches St. Mary's Cathedral (Roman Catholic), with its splendid gothic front in white granite, stands first as an architectural monument. The Province Building, Dominion Building, Government House, and the City Hall represent some of

MEN op CANADA.

433

the finest freestone structures. Among tin six banks, the club houses, and institute buildings are also very creditable structures, as also among the many newer business blocks and private residences.

The climate is not subject to the extremes of temperature characteristic of inland and more southern localities. The annual rain- fall (including snow) averages 56 inches, the greatest minimum and maximum recorded being 46 and 66 inches approximately. The mean temperature for the year 1889 was about 55° Fah. Of each season of three months during the year it was : winter, 29° ; spring, 52° ; summer, 63° ; and autumn, 40°. The coldest day was on the 24th of February, 8C below zero ; the hottest the jrd of Septem- ber, 87° Fah. But in the hottest weather the evenings are pleasantly cool, and the salubrious air contributes to make it one of the most healthy of cities at all seasons, and specially attractive in summer. The well- wooded labyrinthine park of Point Pleasant, with the stilled waters of the Atlantic bathing its three sides, has already been alluded to. In the centre of the peninsula the Citadel Hill is flanked on its rear to the south by the Public Gardens, which have the reputation of being the finest of their kind in America. On the rear, and to the north of the Citadel Hill, from the flanks of which a hundred thousand spectators can look down upon it, lies the " Commons," now surround- ed by the city, the Champs de Mars of Halifax, where from earliest times military reviews of all arms, and sham battles with the most spectacular thunder of artillery and smoke-cloudsof war, time and again delighted the native holiday-taker as well as the foreign visitor. Another large park is now being laid out towards the north of the city, while a number of smaller parks are distributed in many places. The water supply, drawn from lakes in the elevated granitic region beyond the Northwest Arm, is abundant and good. The sewerage system is not excelled anywhere.

J

JOHN FIT/WILLIAM STAIRS.

OHN FITZWILLIAM STAIRS, ex- M.P., wholesale merchant, Halifax, was born January igth, 1848, in that city, being a son of the well-known \V. J. Stairs, president of the Union Bank of Halifax. He was educated at the grammar school, Hali- fax, and by private tuition. He commenced business life in the wholesale house of Win. Stairs, Son & Morrow, and in 1869 became a partner, and took charge of their celebrated rope works at Dartmouth on completion. He remained in this capacity until he was made president of the Consumers' Cordage Co., which he resigned in 1896. He was a director of the Nova Scotia Steel Co., of New Glasgow ; director and president of the New Glasgow Iron and Coal Co. until 1895 ; a director of the Nova Scotia Sugar Refinery Co., and largely instrumental in consolidat- ing the Halifax and Moncton sugar refineries. He is now president of the Eastern Trust Co. Elected M. P.P. in 1879, and by accla- mation M.P. in 1883. Defeated in 1887. Candidate in 1891 and re-elected ; unseated and re-elected in 1892. In June, 1896, he was again offered nomination, but declined.

43 I

MEN OF CANADA.

'THE LATE AMATUS SCHWAL- •*- LER, of Thorold, Ont, was born December 25th, 1810, at Alsace, France. His father was of German descent, and his mother of Swiss parentage, the former being a prominent and influential gentleman in his native country. Mr. Schwaller was educated at the public schools, also received the benefit of a college course. At the age of nineteen he went to Buffalo, N.Y., but subsequently settled in Thorold, Ont. For some time he was engaged in mercantile pursuits, but later on in farming, which, after following ten years, he returned to Thorold, and

opened a general store. This he con- ducted up to the time of his death, which occurred January 3rd, 1894. Mr. Schwaller was noted for his honorable life, and it was a commonplace remark that "his word was as good as his bond." In addition to his numerous other duties he always took an active interest in municipal affairs, having filled all positions on the board from Councillor to Reeve. In politics, a Liberal; in religion, a Roman Catholic. His family consisted of ten children, two of whom survive, namely, Mrs. Dr. Lemon, and John Francis Schwaller, of Thorold.

MEN OP CANADA.

435

^^T^EV. NATHANIEL LK- 1\ MOINE, rector of St.

^^ Mark's and St. John's churches, Halifax, was born November 8th, 1858, at Channel, Newfoundland. He is descended from an old and illustrious French family. Mr. LeMoine received his early education at the Church of England Academy, St. John's, Newfoundland. In 1875 he went to St. Boniface College, Warminster, England, where he studied two years, after which he entered St. Augustine's College, Canterbury, where he graduated in 1880. He was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Newfoundland in the year following, and appointed curate in charge of Christ Church, Harbor Grace, New- foundland, where he remain- ed for six years. In 1884 he was ordained priest by the same bishop, and in 1887 was made curate of St. Paul's Church, Halifax, N.S. In this capacity he served for six months only, at the end of which time the parish of St. Mark's became vacant, and Mr. LeMoine was unanimously elected rector. He is one of the most effective and powerful orators in the Maritime Provinces, and since his assumption of the rector- ship the parish has made rapid strides in both spiritual and temporal matters. His parish is one of the largest in the city, and comprises three churches. Mr. Le- Moine was married in 1887 to Miss Julia Moore, daugh ter of the late H. T. Moore, M.P., of Harbor Grace, New- foundland. His family con- sists of four sons. His parish

includes Her Majesty's naval yard and Wellington Barracks. In 1895 he was appointed acting chaplain to the Naval Hospital, and also to the charge of the warships not having regular chaplains. As he has not reached the prime of his manhood much is expected from him as a successful factor in moulding the thought and practice of this restless modern age. He is eminently qualified for this by natural ability, culture, and experience, and being courageous and energetic he will doubtless meet the expectation of his many friends, who will continue to watch his future career with deep interest.

436

MEN

CANADA.

1\ /I ATTHliW H. RICHKY, Q.C., JLV I D.C.L., ex- Lieutenant- Go v-

^^ ernor of Nova Scotia, was born at Windsor, N.S., in 1828. He is the son of the late Rev. Matthew Richey, D.D., and received his educa- tion at Upper Canada Academy, Co- bourg; Windsor, N.S., Collegiate School ; and Upper Canada College, Toronto. He commenced the study of law with the Hon. Lewis M. Wilkins, was admitted to the Bar in 1850, and created a Q.C. in 1873. He was an Alderman of Halifax from 1858 to 1864, Mayor from 1864 to 1867, and again from 1875 to 1878. In September of

the latter year he was elected to repre- sent Halifax in the House of Commons, and held the seat until his appointment to the Lieutenant- Governorship of Nova Scotia in 1883. In politics he is a Conservative. He was instru- mental in bringing about educational as well as civic reforms in Halifax ; was one of the first Board of Commissioners for that city under the Act of 1866, introducing the system of free schools into the Province of Nova Scotia; and subsequently a member of the senate of Halifax University. He received the degree of D.C.L. from Mount Allison College in 1884. Mr. Richey, during the active portion of his life, took much interest in social science, and contribu- ted largely of his time and services to literary and be- nevolent institutions. He was one of the original and most energetic promoters and directors of the Halifax School for the Blind, and the first president of the Nova Scotia Society for the Prevention of Cruelty, and also of that originated in the time of his first mayoralty for the improvement of the condition of the poor. He has also been president of the Nova Scotia Historical Society, and a director in one of the local banks. In recent years Mr. Richey has withdrawn from partici- pation in public affairs, and spent much time in foreign travel. In religion he is a member of the Methodist Church. He was married June 22nd, 1854, to Miss Sarah Lavina, daughter of the late Hon. John Hawkins Anderson, Senator.

OR CANADA

. RICHARD FREDERICK CAR- TER, Captain of the world-wide known steamer, " Maid of the Mist," Nia- gara Falls, Ont., was born at Hampton Court, England, in August, 1847, and came to Canada in 1861. He was educated by private tuition in England, and the public schools of Toronto, afterwards apprenticed to the steam-fitting business, which he fol- lowed about ten years, after which he con- ducted a hardware establishment in Niagara Falls until 1883. He then built the " Maid of the Mist." to ply between the Ameri- can and Canadian sides of Niagara Falls. The trip to the foot of the Falls has proved to be a success, and the scenery such as can never be forgotten. Capt. Carter is a mem- ber of the Masonic Order and I.O.O.F., in which he has held high offices, and has also filled all the municipal offices of Niagara Falls, from councillor to mayor. In poli- tics he is a prominent Conservative ; in religion, an Episcopalian. Capt. Carter was married in December, 1869, to Martha C. Lacey, of Drummondville. His family consists of two sons and four daughters.

CAl'T. RICHARD KRKDERICK CARTER.

LIKUT.-COL. ALEXANDER WILLIAM AXSTRUTHEK.

lEUT.-COL. ALEXANDER WILLIAM

ANSTRUTHER, commanding Royal Artillery, Halifax, N.S., was born October 3rd, 1846, at Rajahmundry, India. He is of Scotch descent, and comes from an old and distinguished family in Fife, who can trace their ancestry back to the Norman conquest. He studied under private tutors in England. In June, 1866, he received a commission from the Royal Military Academy, served in the Horse Artillery at home, became gym- nastic instructor at Woolwich, and after- wards passed the advanced class and became director of artillery at Woolwich Arsenal. He took command of the Royal Artillery, Halifax, in 1894, in which capacity he has since served with conspicuous ability. He is a well-known athelete, a cricketer, and was captain of Sussex County cricket team. He has, besides, represented the Artillery for many years in their inter-regimental contests with the Royal Engineers. He was made captain of the Halifax Golf Club on its formation in 1896. The Colonel is a fine soldier, well up in military matters, and a popular member of society.

:VIEN

CANADA.

FREDERICK NORTH HARA.

NORTH HARA, of the firm of E. H. Phelps& Co., Merritton, was born April 28th, 1856, at St. Catharines, Ont. He is the son of John J. Hara and Charlotte A. Phelps. Mr. Hara was edu- cated at the public schools of St. Catharines and vicinity, and at the age of twenty-one became bookkeeper for the firm of Somers & Atkinson, lumbermen, Toronto. Here he remained three years, when he removed to Merritton, and entered the office of H. Patterson & Co., manufacturers of carriage and sleigh woodwork. After seven years the firm changed to E. H. Phelps & Co., and consisted of E. H. Phelps, O. J. Phelps, and N. Phelps. In 1887, O. J. Phelps and N. Phelps sold their interests to our subject and his brother, Mr. J. S. Hara. They turn out all kinds of carriage woodwork, and claim to own the largest manufactory of this kind in the Dominion. They make a spe- cialty of finishing shafts and poles complete. Mr. Hara is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, and has been a school trustee for two years. In politics he is a Liberal; in religion a Methodist.

JOSEPH S. HARA, of the firm of E. H. *^ Phelps & Co., Merritton, Ont., was born at that place, June 2nd, 1850. He was edu- cated at the public schools, and at the age of fifteen took up the trade of watchmaker. Owing to ill-health he was obliged to aban- don this occupation, and went to the United States, where he travelled for five years, then took up the car-building trade in Columbus, O. Two years later he returned to Can- ada, and was for eight years foreman with the two leading lumber firms of Merritton. He spent five years with the firm of Withrow & Hillock, Toronto, and while there invented the lumber measuring register, a device for measuring lumber as it passed through the planing machine. This measure is in use not only in Canada, but the United States and England. In March, 1887, he entered the firm of E. H. Phelps & Co. Mr. Hara is a member of the A.O.U.W. ; in politics a Conservative, and in religion a Presbyterian. He was married in Septem- ber, 1877, to Cynthia L. Winchester, daugh- ter of L. D. Winchester, Esq. His family consists of three sons and one daughter.

JOSEPH S. HARA.

RAT PORTAGE

IIY

GEORGE BARNES (Mayor).

OF all the myriad cities, towns, munici- palities, and villages which mark the course of the C.P.R. across the continent, there is none the name of which conjures up to the recollection of the west- erner, at least, so many pleasant and health- ful reminiscences as doesthat of Rat Portage. It could not very well be otherwise, seeing that this aptly named " Saratoga of the West " has for years been the favorite holiday resort of the busy piairie dweller 5 and to an increasingly greater extent, as the seasons roll by, the permanent summer abid- ing place of Winnipeg's best known and most respected citizens. In tracing the evolution of Rat Portage, taking into con- sideration its present advanced stage of development in everything that goes to con- stitute an up-to-date western Canadian town, it is hard, indeed, to realize that prior to the " eighties " it existed only as one of the numerous trading posts which the Hudson's Bay Company had established throughout the Northwest. In 1882 the C.P.R. touched that portion of the Lake of the Woods on which it is located ; and the rich resources of the district which nature had accumu- lated during centuries of undisturbed labor began at once to reveal themselves to the pioneers of that civilization which was advancing towards it. Not at once, however, was the innermost secrets of its wealth revealed, for still yet the direst ignorance prevails in eastern portions of even our own province with reference to the illimitable mineral resources of the whole district of Algoma. Naturally enough, lumbering was the first thing to attract the attention of the newcomers, owing to the magnificent stretches of timber to be seen throughout the district. To reduce these valuable forest

products to a marketable condition, large sawmills were located at Kat Portage, Nor- man, and Kccu.it in, and the first local indus- try was instituted to furnish the western prairie settlers with the lumber so necessary for building and other purposes. In the spring of 1893, the several companies and firms doing business in the district were incorporated under the Joint Stock Com- panies Act as the " Ontario and Western Lumber Company " ; and at the time of writing a further reorganization of the com- pany is going on. The company owns six sawmills and six planers, all of which are lighted by electricity. They employ five hundred hands ; and their average pay roll amounts to twenty thousand dollars per month. At Keewatin there is also a large lumbering concern, known as the Keewatin Lumber Company, which is operated entirely by water power. The capacity of this mill is about twelve million feet per annum ; it employs about one hundred men, and operates three steamboats, the " Kee- watin," the " Cruiser," and " D. L. Mather." Other products of the forest include 350,000 ties taken out last year by the C.P.R., all of which brings revenue to Rat Portage.

As a summer resort Rat Portage next claimed attention, and the cost of the development of the place, as such, has been repaid, indeed. The C.P.R., alive to every legitimate source of revenue, have given care- ful attention to the train service between Winnipeg and Rat Portage. The arrange- ments as to baggage and camp outfits are generously liberal ; and everything is done to make it an easy matter for the city toiler to spend the Sabbath with his family on the picturesque shoresof the Lake of the Woods.

4J9

44°

1VIRN

CANADA.

Where, a year or two ago, on Coney Island, there were but a few scattered cottages, now are to be seen handsome residences with every modern convenience. To recapitulate the names of the families already located there is to list the best known people of the west, while many much-to-be-envied gentlemen have secured entire miniature islands to themselves, on which with every returning summer they realize all the pleasures of a Robinson Crusoe experience. It is alto- gether impossible to convey a true concep- tion of the beauties of the lake. It possesses none of that crushing magnificence or stern ruggedness which, in connection with so much of the primeval in nature, appals and saddens the imagination. Its tendency is to soothe and charm, to cheer the mind and imbue it with a healthy admiration for the works of the Creator. Nothing could pos- sibly be more entrancing than an easy run through the intricate labyrinth of bay and channel which characterizes these waters. Viewed from the deck of a steamer when bathed in the delicious moonlight, the effect is altogether indescribable ; one can simply submit to the magic of its tender dreamy influence, and silently thank the Supreme Being that such experiences are possible in the pilgrimage of life.

The gold industry, its history and present condition, cannot be even roughly sketched in the space allotted for that purpose. No arguments are now necessary to prove the fact that this is one of the most promising gold fields on the continent. Actual pres- ence of gold has been demonstrated here for some time ; and in more than sufficient quantities to prove the truth of everything that has been claimed in behalf of the dis- trict. The mines now operating here are the " Sultana," the " Regina," the " Scram- ble," "Golden Gate," " Non-Such," " Mik- ado," and others. The " Regina " is the prop- erty of a rich English company, of which General Wilkinson, of Her Majesty's service, is the representative here. The " Mikado " is

just opening up under the control of the Mikado Mining Company of London, Eng- land, the promoters of which are the South African mining and development company of the same place. The Bullion Mining Company, a local concern lately organized to develop and operate mining properties, is meeting with very great success, its first issue of stock being readily taken up in the west. Besides the properties already referred to as gold-producing, a number of paying • mines are now under development in the Seine, Manitou, and Port Arthur portions of the district.

It will surprise a great many to learn that it is estimated that the Lake of the Woods produces seventy-five per cent, of the caViare supply of the world. Consequently it wil, be understood the sturgeon is the fish most eagerly sought for by those engaged in the local fisheries, though there are a great many whitefish, bass, pickerel, and other fish taken. The total catch of last year is estimated at 5,000,000 pounds, a large part of which would be sturgeon, from which 190,000 pounds of caviare was made. It is calcu- lated that this industry gives employment to five hundred men ; and the amount of money it was the means of bringing into Rat Port- age amounts to $200,000.

Among the many resources of Rat Port- age there is probably none that will have a greater effect in the development of the dis- trict into a great manufacturing centre than the inexhaustible water power which is available at the falls of the Winnipeg river.

The Town of Rat Portage is the business centre of the Rainy River district. It is the most important town between Winnipeg and Port Arthur on the C.P.R. It is beautifully situated at the northerly end of the Lake of theWoods, being 133 miles east of Winnipeg and 300 miles west of Port Arthur. The site of the town is about as fine as could be • imagined, lying along the lake front, where excellent wharfage can be obtained,

OF CANADA

aEORGE BARNES, Mayor of Rat Port- age, Ont., was born September i8th, 1854, in Wellington, Prince Edward County, Ont. He is a de- scendant of U.E. Loyalist stock. Dr. Peter Howard, his maternal grandfather, represented the County of Leeds in the old Upper Canada parliament before Confederation, while his paternal grandfather, Elijah Barnes, saw active service at Lundy's Lane. Mr. Harnes was educated at the public schools of Lyn, Ont. He is one of Canada's self- made men, and struck out for himself when only four- teen years of age. He learned mercantile business, and in 1880 went west to Manitoba, and spent some years in the service of the C.P.R. In 1882 he located in Rat Portage, and later started in the furniture business, and to-day does one of the largest trades of the kind west of Lake Superior. He is a prominent member of the I.O.O.F., being the founder of the local lodge, has been a representa- tive at the Grand Lodge six different times, and once at Grand Encampment. He has also filled all the offices in the A.O.U.W. Mr. Barnes has sat in the Rat Portage council at various times, and in 1895 was elected Mayor, and re-elected in 1896. In politics he is a staunch Reformer, has a warm place in the hearts of the people, and enjoys the highest degree of public confidence. He is also one of the councillors of the Board of Trade, vice-president of the Rowing Club Association, Lake of the

Woods, a shareholder in the Citizens' Telephone and Electric Co., also of the Athletic Building Co., president of the Bullion Mining Co., a member of the Western Canada Immigration Associa- tion, and one of the delegates who visited Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal in the interests of immigration in March, 1896. In religion Mr. Barnes is a Methodist, and secretary-treasurer of the Trustee Board of his church. He has been married twice. First, June 1 2th, 1879, to Fannie H. McMurray, of Parry Sound, and, second, to Sarah McMurray, his first wife's sister. His family consists of two daughters.

442

MEN OF* CANADA.

T^RANK JOSEPH AP'JOHN, Rat I Portage, Ont, was born in Cin- cinnati, Ohio. His father, a Welshman, was a draughtsman and contractor of considerable prominence, and his mother was a native of Belfast, Ireland. Mr. Ap'john took up the study of law in Montreal. He first attended St. Laurent College, affiliated with Laval University, and further con- tinued his studies at the Jesu College, finally taking his degree of B.A. at Montreal College. He settled legal claims for three express companies running out of New York, and was in 1887 offered the position of Deputy-

Attorney for the Province of Manitoba, but through the defeat of Henry J. Clarke, his uncle, was denied that position. Since 1880 he has resided in Rat Port- age, where he is now Master of Titles, Registrar of Deeds, Registrar of the High Court of Justice, and Associate Coroner. Mr. Ap'john is looked upon as a most efficient and painstaking officer in the service of the Ontario Government. Since his acceptance of the impor- tant offices now, under his charge those who have done business with his depart- ment have had every reason to be pleased with the thorough manner in which their requirements have been attended to. He was at one time editor of the Winnipeg Manitoba Gazette, and has at different periods been connected with other publications, in which capac- ities he had opportunity to acquire much knowledge of men and public affairs. He is one of the most thorough and pains- taking officials in the Dominion, pleas- ant to all who meet him and highly esteemed for the many qualities which constitute him a good citizen and a valu- able government officer. His wide experience in matters pertaining to public business makes him a desirable resident of this enterprising town, in whose progress he takes great interest. Mr. Ap'john was married in October, 1883, to Miss Agnes Stackhouse, daughter of James O. Stackhouse, shipbuilder and Alderman of St. John, N.B. His family consists of one son and two daughters.

MKN OF CAN AHA.

443

J\MES ROBINSON, Stipendiary Mag- istrate, Rat Portage, was born in t he- Township of Trafalgar, Ont., Jan. nth, 1848. He is of Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch extraction, and was educated at the public and grammar schools of Milton, Ont. He entered the Upper Canada Law Society in 1872, was admitted an attorney in 1878, and called to the Bar in Hilary Term, 1889. He practised at Milton until 1881, then re- moved to Winnipeg, and was called to the Bur of Manitoba in May, 1884. Having removed to Rat Portage in November, 1885, he continued practice there. November 6th, 1893, he was appointed Stipendiary Magistrate for the Rainy River district. He has always taken a great interest in military matters, was a cadet of the Toronto Military School in 1869, joined the Halton Rifles in 1871, made ensign in 1872, after- wards appointed lieutenant, subsequently gazetted captain in 1879, and in 1882 retired retaining rank. In politics Mr. Robinson is a Liberal; in religion, a Methodist. He was married to Alicia Cockrell, granddaughter of the late Jud^e Cockrell.

I

I

JAM I

JACOB HOSE.

JACOB HOSE, hardware merchant, Rat Portage, Ont., was born in 1851, in Wisconsin, U.S.A. His father, who died in 1893, was Martin Hose, a native of Ger- many, who followed farming in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Mr. Hose was educated at the public schools of the United States. At the age of sixteen he went to learn the trade of tinsmith, at New Ulm, Minn., and after two years removed to St. Paul, where he completed the same. He then went to Winnipeg, Man., entering the employ of McMichen & Taylor, and in 1876 started business on his own account in that city. In 1880 he located in Rat Portage, opening a general hardware store, where by diligent application to business he has succeeded in developing a most successful and profitable trade, and is justly entitled to the represen- tative position which he now occupies. Mr. Hose is a member of the I.O.F., being treasurer of his lodge, and is at present (1896 } one of the councillors of the town. In politics he is a Reformer: in religion, a Lutheran. He was married, in 1888, to Adelaide A., daughter of James Lucas.

444

CANADA.

ARTHUR CYRIL 13OYCK.

KTHUR CYRIL BOYCE, Barrister-at- Law, Rat Portage, Ont., was born Sept. I2th, 1867, at Wakerield, Yorkshire, England. He is the son of the late Rev. J. C. Boyce, M.A. (Oxon)., rector of Corn- well, Oxon, and received his education at private collegiate institutions in Wakefield, York, and Carlisle, England. He came to Canada in September, 1884, and immedi- ately entered the law office of Messrs. Reefer & Reefer, Port Arthur. He was enrolled as a member of Law Society of Upper Canada in August, 1885, called to the Ontario Bar with honors and bronze medal, Sept. 8th,

1890, and made solicitor 26th of that month. He entered into partnership with Frank H. Reefer, LL.B., Port Arthur, in October of that year, under the firm name of Reefer & Boyce, remaining until January, 1893. He then took up his residence in Rat Portage, where by industry and ability he has secured a large and lucrative clientage. In politics Mr. Boyce is a Conservative ; in religion, an Episcopalian. He was married Oct. i4th,

1891, to V. M. L. Machin, daughter of Rev. C. J. Machin, M.B., rector of Gravenhurst.

<DWARD FRANCIS HEAD, architect, , Rat Portage, was born June gth, 1854, in Cork, Ireland. He received his education at Trinity College, Dublin. On leaving college he articled himself to Mtssrs. Clark, Forde & Co., civil engineers, of London, Eng., remaining with them for nine years, during which time he assisted in lay- ing the Atlantic cable, in 1874. In 1879 he settled in Manitoba, where he resided for fifteen years, and where he also designed and built twenty-seven elevators, on a special plan for the economizing and handling of grain. In 1894 he took up his residence in Rat Portage, being attracted by the discover- ies of rich mineral deposits. Here he has met with success, and is regarded as the repre- sentative architect of the district. He makes a specialty of topographical mapping of mining localities, being the designer of the Lake of the Woods Gold Fields Map, which has been of great service to prospect- ors. He is a wide-awake business man, and destined to make his mark in the history of Western Canada. In religion Mr. Head is an Episcopalian ; in politics a Conservative.

EDWARD FRANCIS HEAD.

XIKN

CANAOA.

RANK GARDNER, general merchant, Rat Portage, Ont., was born March 3ist, 1848, in the County of Lanark, Ont. His parents were William Gardner and Mary McKer- row. He received his edu- cation at the public schools of Dalhousie, Ont., and spent the early part of his life on the farm. Mr. Gard- ner entered mercantile life at Rat Portage in 1875, and was joined by his brother John one year later. They were engaged extensively in the lumber business and steamboating on the Lake of the Woods for some eight years. Their business enterprise has been most successful, and the firm of John Gardner & Co. is now well known throughout the western country. Mr. Gard- ner is a member of the I.O.O.K, and was a member of the joint Commission of Ontario and Manitoba for conducting municipal affairs in Rat Portage, pending the settlement of the boundary between the two provinces, also held the office of License Inspector for thirteen years, and president of the Rat Portage Electric Light and Tele- phone Co., Ltd. In politics the broth- ers are Reformers, as have been all members of the family for generations, and take a very active interest in the welfare of their party. In religion they are Presbyterians of the old school. They are amongst the oldest settlers of the town of Rat Portage, and, in fact, among the pioneers of the Lake of the Woods. They are self-made men of high moral standing and true worth of

dispute He has

character, whose names will forever stand identified with the beautiful town of Rat Portage. The Gardner Brothers are the type of men to do successful pioneer work, and leaven a growing community with the principles of true progress. Perseverance, industry, and the courage of their convictions have made them valuable factors in develop- ing the resources of their now enter- prising district. Their indorsement of public improvement or their sanction of a moral reform always gives influ- ence and despatch to the project; and, having these qualities, they are import- ant agents in the progress of the town.

446

MEN

CANADA.

'OBERT HENRY AHN, mining broker, Rat Port- age, was born in 1848 in Bristol, England. He is the son of Rev. Robert Ahn. He received his education at Birmingham. During the early years of his life, after completing his education, he was engaged in manu- facturing, and chemical work. He spent some years on the European continent, and was in Paris for a time. He afterwards visited Australia, New Zealand, and from there came to America, spending eight years in Cali- fornia and Mexico. In the last four named places he spent much of his time

in mining operations. In 1888 he came to Canada, spending some years in Toronto, during which time he was associated with the Sudbury nickel mines. He first visited Rat Portage in 1894, returning one year later, and has since made that place his residence. He has been employed there in examining and developing mineral properties, and in connection with the con- struction of stamp mills at Rat Portage and vicinity. His principal efforts have been to induce European capital into the country for the development of Cana- dian mines. Thus far his efforts have been crowned with success. It is fair to assume that Mr. Ahn is one of the most important factors in the development of the new country in which he has located. Being a man of wide information, extensive travel, and large mining experience, he may be considered almost indis- pensable to the opening up of the vast mineral wealth of that great district. His thoroughly practical knowledge of this popular industry, and his ability to present the desirability of the enterprise to capitalists, make his services extremely valuable. In politics Mr. Ahn is a Liberal, and a strong supporter of the policy of that party; in religion, a member of the Church of England. He was married in 1876 to Miss M. E. Davies, daughter of Charles Davies, Esq., Dudley Port, South Stafford- shire, England. Mrs. Ahn died in 1890. His family consists of two daughters.

MEN OP CANAOA.

447

. (,. A. COOK, L.D.S., reeve of Niagaia alls South, Out., was born Novem- ber i3th, 1840, in Wclland County. He is the son of Abner S. Cook and Nancy A. Rrookfield. His parents were of Canadian birth and U.K. Loyalist stock. They were agriculturists, and are still living (1896). Mr. Cook was educated at the public schools of Drummondville (now Niagara Falls South), afterwards taking up the study of dentistry. After qualifying under Dr. Chrysler in 1862, he was admitted to practice without having to pass an examination such as now governs the profession. In 1863 he began practice in Drummondville, where he has since resided, is widely respected, and now enjoys a large connection. Mr. Cook is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I.O.O.F., in both of which orders he holds high offices. He has also been identified with the municipal affairs of his district, having filled all positions from councillor to reeve. In politics he is a Con- servative, and an active worker for his party. Mr. Cook was married in 1863 to Susan Hawkins, daughter of R. Hawkins, Esq., of England.

H. G. A. COOK, L.D.S.

j[HE late John T. Bush, of Niagara Falls, Ont., was born at Fort Ann, N.Y., April i6th, 1811. He was a lawyer, practis- ing in Buffalo for many years. Elected there member of New York State Assembly from 1843 to 1846 ; member of State Senate from 1847-49. Appointed by President Fillmore, United States Marshal in 1850, for northern New York, when he conducted the celebrated slave case of "Jerry." In 1854 he became a citizen of Niagara Falls, N.Y., where he was largely interested in real estate ; built the " International Hotel," was the originator of the new Upper Suspension Bridge, and one of its two presidents. He purchased in 1864 the Zimmerman estate, and erected there the spacious mansion known as " Clifton Place." The original family name was Terboss. Mr. Bush died November loth, 1888, leaving a widow and four daughters, viz., Mrs. Henry DeGroDt Robinson, of New York : Mrs. J. Aubrey Lippincott, of Pittsburg; Mrs. David S. Missell, of Pittsburg ; and Miss Josephine T. Bush, of Niagara Falls, Ont. He married October ist, 1846, Mary Owen Ford, of Albany, N.Y.

GUELPH

BY

JOHN A. LAMPREY.

is a flourishing incorporated city on the River Speed (which affords excellent water power), and on the main line of the G. T. R., at the crossing of the W., G. & B. division, and also on the C. P. R. ; in Guelph Township, Wellington County, of which it is the county seat. It manufactures extensively organs, pianos, sewing machines, agricul- tural implements, carriages and wagons, and contains Anglican, Baptist, Catholic, Congregational, Presbyterian, and Method- ist churches, a Collegiate Institute, public and separate schools, two hospitals, a free library, with 7,100 volumes ; four banks, two daily and weekly newspapers, the Herald and the Mercury. Grain, flour, pro- duce, live stock, limestone, and the products of the various manufactories are shipped. The city has built, at a cost of $200,000, a branch railway to Campbellville, fifteen and a half miles distant, giving the city connec- tion with the C. P. R. at that point, the road being called the Guelph Junction Rail- way ; the C. P. R. provides rolling stock, etc. Assessed value of real and personal

CHARLES EDGAR NEADS, managing x^^g, member of the Rat Portage Hard- ware Company, Ltd., was born July I2th, 1863, at Oshawa, Ont. He is the son of Charles and Elizabeth Neads, of Bowman- ville, Ont. He received his education at the Lindsay public school and Collegiate Institute. Leaving school at the age of eighteen he went with a surveying party to the Northwest, when it was known as the " Great Lone Land," and entirely inhabited by Indians. He followed mercantile life at various points, including Brandon and

448

property, $3,718,725 ; bonded indebtedness, $432,000 ; rate of taxation, 22 mills. The city is lighted with electric light and gas, and has a splendid system of waterworks and an excellent fire department. The On- tario Agricultural College, a Government in- stitution, on an excellent farm of about 550 acres, is situated about one mile from the city, and has extensive farm and other buildings, well stocked with various breeds of cattle, etc., the object of the institution being to "give a thorough mastery of the theory and practice of husbandry to young men of the province." Stages run daily to Hamilton, 26 miles southeast, and to Erin, 20 miles northeast. Population, 10,800. Telegraph, G. N. W. and C. P. R. ; tele- phone connection ; express, Dominion and Canadian ; mail, daily. Distant from Toronto 48 miles, from Montreal 381 miles, from Sarnia 120 miles. About five miles of electric street railway have been constructed, rolling mills have been built and are turning out first-class iron, and over eight miles of cement pavement have been laid down on the principal streets of the city.

Winnipeg, from 1882 until 1889, when he located at Rat Portage. He has established a very successful business, and is known as a man of enterprise and integrity. Having already made a very creditable start in life by securing public confidence and patronage^ his future is reasonably assured. Mr. Neads is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the Council of the Board of Trade of the Rainy River District. In politics he is an active Liberal ; in religion a member of the Methodist Church. He was married in 1891 to Louisa, daughter of P. H. Clark.

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449

JAMES GILBERT FOSTER, g.C., Judge of Probate, Halifax, N.S., was born June i jth, 1839, at Ayles- ford, N.S. His father was Kufus Foster, a descendant of a U. E. Loyalist family, and his mother was Chris- tian Foster, of Scotch de- scent. Judge Foster was educated at the public schools of Nova Scotia. He afterwards studied law with Hon. Alexander James, Halifax, and was admitted to the Bar in May, 1864. In May of the following year he formed a partnership with Mr. James, and carried on a flouiishing legal busi- ness until the elevation of the latter to the Bench of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, as Judge of Equity, January, 1877. October gth, 1878, he was made a Q.C. by the Nova Scotia Government. Judge Foster has taken a prominent part in military matters, and was appointed in August, 1883, Major in the Reserve Militia. He was also Recorder and Stipendiary Magis- trate of Dartmouth for three years, namely, from 187910 1882. May 29th, 1879, he was made J. P. for the County of Halifax ; July Gth, 1884, he was ap- pointed Commissioner for preparing the fifth series of the Revised Statutes of Nova Scotia ; and in August, 1886, be- came Registrar of the Court of Probate. Vice-Consul for the Netherlands at Halifax, 1877-86. He has also been a leading railway promoter, and was largely interested in the attempted amalgamation of the Nova Scotia rail- ways. In politics the Judge was a Lib-

eral, and in 1882 was a candidate for the House of Assembly, but was de- feated by a small number of votes. He was made Judge of the Probate Court, January 23rd, 1895. His Honor has reached the front rank of eminent men in his province, and is not only widely and favorably known, but possesses in large measure those qualities necessary to maintain the dignity of his position and to discharge the important duties of his office. His career through- out has been marked by those charac- teristics which lead to honor and com- mand success in the various public trusts which are thrust upon able men.

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JONATHAN PARSONS, B.A., Barrister, and agent at Hali- fax of the Marine and Fish- eries Department for Nova Scotia, was born at Liverpool, N.S., Jan. loth, 1841. His paternal grandfather was one of the earliest settlers of that town. After passing through the academy Mr. Parsons taught school for four years, and then attended the Normal School in Truro. He taught school for four years in his native town, and in 1862 became assistant teacher in Horton Academy, and a student in Acadia College, Wolfville, where he graduated, in 1867, with honors in

philosophy. He became principal of the Brunswick Street Public School in Halifax, and the next year, 1868, was appointed Inspec- tor of Schools for thai city and county. This office he held four and one-half years. He then began the study of law with Blanchard & Meagher, and in 1876 was admitted to the Bar. He practised in Halifax un- til taking his present office in 1894. He was Protho- notary and Clerk of the Crown one year, when he resigned to become a candi- date in the Liberal-Con- servative interests in Hali- fax for the Local Legisla- ture in 1882, but was de- feated. In 1886, when the repeal cry swept over Nova Scotia, he accepted the Opposition nomination in Guysboro, and was unsuc- cessful. In 1882 he was elected president of the Alumni of Acadia College. For many years he has been an active temperance and Sabbath-school worker. In re- ligion a Baptist. During the winter of 1888 he lectured in Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland, under the National Division S. of T. In 1868 Mr. Parsons married Eleonora, daughter of E. B. Cutten, of Amherst, N.S. Mrs. Parsons died in 1890. His family consists of two daughters and two sons. In 1891 he was Census Commissioner for Nova Scotia, and since 1894 n^s energies have been de- voted to the Marine and Fisheries De- partment. His published letters on Sable Island and marine matters have drawn the attention of thousands.

MEN OF CANADA.

I \ . HENRY HERBERT I'lTTMAN, M.A., Rector of St. George's Church, Halifax, Nova Scotia, one of the oldest churches in the Dominion of Canada, was born at Trinity, New- foundland, August 7th, 1863. He is a son of William and Mary (Kelson) Pittman, of English descent. Until tlu' age of seventeen he attended the schools of his native town, then entered the Church of England Academy, St. John's, Newfoundland, where he re- mained for three years. He afterwards taught school at Rose Blanche, mean- while being left in charge of the church at that place as lay reader. In 1885 Mr. Pittman came to Canada, and matricu- lated at King's College, Windsor, N.S., where he graduated in 1889, and took his M.A. degree in 1892. He was ordained deacon June i6th, 1889, at Christ Church, Amherst, N.S.,and admitted to the priesthood Dec. 2 ist, 1890, at St. George's Church, Halifax, N.S. He was curate at Amherst, N.S., until Janu- ary, 1891, when he was ap- pointed to the Haddeck Mission, Cape Breton, where he remained until September, 1893. Then the curacy of St. George's Church, Halifax, was offered him, which he accepted, and upon the resignation of Rev. Canon Partridge, D.D., he was unanimously elected rector of the parish. Mr. Pittman is a member of the Haliburton Literary Club, Windsor, N.S., and presi- dent of St. George's Bene- fit Society, Halifax, N.S.

Being a young man of splendid edu- cation, large culture, and genial man- ner, he is sure to reach an eminent place in the Church with which he is identified, and to wield an ever-increas- ing influence for good over his fellow- men. He is an able preacher, greatly interested in all that pertains to the welfare of the people, and willing to give practical sympathy to all good work. November 25th, 1891, he was married to Mabel Breadalbane, daugh- ter of Hon. Barclay E. Tremaine and Caroline Tremaine, of Baddeck, Cape Breton. Mrs. Pittman died in Sep- tember, 1895.

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CANADA.

T^HE HON. HUGH McDONALD J- HENRY, Justice of the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, was born December 2oth, 1850, at Antigonish, N.S. He is a son of the late Hon. William Alexander Henry, Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, and Christianna McDonald Henry. The Judge received his early education at Halifax Grammar School and Dalhousie University, afterwards studied at Har- vard University Law School, graduating LL.B. in 1873. He commenced prac- tice in Halifax the following year, and soon became known as one of the fore- most legal men of the province. In

1875 he was appointed Professor of Medical Jurisprudence in the Halifax Medical College, and in 1881 made a Q.C. At this time he was rapidly be- coming famous as a criminal and com- mercial lawyer. He had a very large practice in the Supreme Court of Canada, and was also engaged in several noted cases before the Privy Council of England. He was president of the Barristers' Society of Nova Scotia for several years before becoming a judge. He has been a vice-president of the Harvard Law School Association since its organization. February, 1893, he received his present appointment.

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HE LATH HON. SIR ADAMS GEORGE ARCHIBALD, K.C. MX;., P.C., O.C., D.C.L., was born at Truro, N.S., May i8th, 1814. In 1872 he was created a Companion of the Oder of St. Michael and St. George by Her Majesty the Queen, in recognition of the distinguished service rendered by him in Manitoba; and in 1886 was made a Knight Commander of the Order, in further token of his Sovereign's approval. July 4th, 1873, he was sworn in Lieutenant-Governor of Nova Scotia, continuing in the same office until July, 1883. King's College conferred the degree of D.C.L. upon

him in 1883; in 1884, he was chosen Chairman of the Board of Governors of Dal- housie College and Univer- sity. In February, 1886, he was made President of the Historical Society. June 23rd, 1878, he delivered the inaugural address at the formation of this Society ; he was a contributor to the various volumes of this Society's works, and from time to time read interest- ing papers at its gather- ings. In 1888, on the appointment of Hon. A. E. McLellan as Lieutenant- Governor of Nova Scotia, Sir Adams yielded to the solicitation of his friends and was again elected to the House of Commons, but advancing years ad- monished him to decline a renewed nomination in 1891, and he then with- drew from public life. His long and useful public ca- reer terminated by death at his cottage home in Truro, December I4th, 1892, to the great regret of a large body of relatives and strongly attached friends in every part of Canada. At a specially convened meeting of the His- torical Society, December 2ist, 1892, a resolution was passed expressive of the deep appreciation of the interest he had taken in the Society from its formation. His remains now rest in the quiet churchyard, among the first settlers of his native town. Lady Archi- bald and three daughters survive him; the latter are married to Right Rev. Bishop Jones, D.D., of Newfoundland; F. D. Laurier, Esq., Pictou, N.S.; and Rev. R. T. Heygate, of England.

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CANADA.

/C)ARL AUGUST I"" MEISSNER,

^^-^® general manager of the Londonderry Iron Co., Ltd., Acadia Mines, N.S., was born September 2Qth, 1859, at Staten Island, N.Y. He is a son of the late Frederick Meissner, of New York, in his day a prominent oil exporter, and Bertha Niemeyer. The former was born in Ger- many in 1827, and the latter in 1831. Mr. Meissner was educated at Columbia Col- lege, New York, where he graduated in 1880 with the degree of Ph.B. He had previously studied two years, 1874-76, at Erfurt, Germany. He then became assistant chemist for the Joliet Steel Co., and in 1882 head chem- ist of the Brier Hill Iron and Coal Co., of Youngs- town, O. After remaining in this position for three years he returned to the Joliet Steel Co. as head chemist, where he served until July, 1887, when he removed to Sterlington, N.Y., to accept the position of manager of the Sterling Iron and Railway Co He held this important position until August, 1890, then went to Birmingham, Ala., and became vice-president and general manager of the Vanderbilt Steel and Iron Co., organized by the Roeblings, of Trenton, N.J., himself, and relatives. In 1895 ne accepted the position of general manager of the Londonderry Iron Co., which he has since filled with ability and satisfaction to the stock- holders. When in the United States he took an active interest in politics, and rendered good service to the

Republican party as organizer. Was president of the Harrison Republican League of Sterling, New York, 1888; one of the Republican committeemen of Birmingham, Ala., 1894; knight of the Ancient Essenic Order, Birmingham Chapter. In religion he is an Episco- palian. Mr. Meissner was married November 8th, 1883, to Miss Clara Ayer, daughter of James Ayer, of Angola, N.Y., whose ancestors settled in Massachusetts prior to the Revolution, and who have been since then prominent in the military and civic affairs of that state. His family consists of five chil- dren, one daughter and four sons.

NIAGARA FALLS

ItY

JAMES QUILLINAN.

HIS town is pleasantly situated on the west bank of the gorge of the Niagara River, between the great Horseshoe Fall to the south and the far-famed whirlpool to.the north. Its northern and western boundaries are formed by the Township of Stamford, its itest width being about one mile, and its shape that of a triangle, having its apex at the Horseshoe Fall. The town owes its origin to the construction of the first suspen- sion bridge, which was built across the river at this point in 1848. This primitive struc- ture was of wood, eight feet wide, and intended only for the accommodation of carriage and pedestrian travel. The credit of being the originator of the first bridge across the Niagara River, as well as being its chief pro- moter, is due to the sagacity and enterprise of the late Hon. William H. Merritt, of St. Catharines, whose son, Thomas R. Merritt, is president of the company owning the pres- ent railway and carriage suspension bridge. The following interesting incident in connec- tion with this subject is condensed from the biography of Mr. Merritt, edited by his son, J. P. Merritt, Esq. : During the Indian sum- mer of 1844, Mr. Merritt drove his family to the Niagara River to enjoy a day's outing, as was his usual custom at this season of the year. While seated at lunch he opened a packet which he had received that morning from his sons, then visiting the picturesque scenery of Switzerland. This letter contained a drawing and detailed measurement of a suspension bridge built across the Sarren river, which interested the youthful travellers very much. Mr. Merritt saw at once the applicability of the mode of construction to the Niagara River ; and although several engineers whom he consulted discouraged the

scheme as impracticable, he persevered until his efforts were crowned with success. Dur- ing the year of its construction quite a pros- perous business went on in transporting passengers across the gorge in an iron basket drawn back and forth along a small wire cable, designed specially for the use of the men employed in the building of the bridge. Over two thousand persons crossed the river canyon in this primitive manner, and in one day no fewer than one hundred and twenty- five, of whom ninety were ladies. The com- pletion of the bridge developed quite an international intercourse at this point, giving rise to an embryo town, which was known for some years as the village of Elgin, but still forming part of the municipality of Stam- ford Township. This first bridge was replaced in 1855 by the magnificent suspension bridge erected for the use of the Great Western Railway, having a lower deck for carriages and pedestrians. The wooden materials of this fine structure have since been replaced with steel ; and now even this graceful and substantial work of art is also doomed. The exigencies of business demand greater accom- modation ; and at the present time the river abutments are well under way for a colossal double-track steel arch-bridge that will supply all the needs of intercourse and commerce for years to come. A similar change is con- templated in regard to the upper suspension bridge, which is perhaps one of the finest structures of its kind on the continent. The present bridge is about a quarter of a mile in length, the river being much wider than at the railway suspension bridge, so that the arch of the new structure will have a clear span of some nine hundred feet. It will have only one floor, which will be of sufficient

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width for pedestrians, carriages, and the inevitable trolley cars. Besides these two bridges there is a third— the double-tracked cantilever, erected for the accommodation of the Michigan Central Railway in 1883, and located a little to the south of the lower sus- pension bridge. These fine structures are objectsof much interest to tourists at Niagara Falls, affording, as they do, a pleasing change for the mental faculties from the contempla- tion of the grand and sublime in nature to the handiwork of man, beautiful, if not wonder- ful, in its character. The name was changed to the " Town of Clifton " in 1857, when it was incorporated, and George McMicking, Esq., elected as its first mayor.

The present population is about 5,000, and assessed valuation a shade under two and a quarter millions. The Grand Trunk and Michigan Central Railways afford ready facilities for intercourse in all directions. The educational status of the town is certainly fully abreast of the times. The Collegiate Institute, erected in 1893, is a large, hand- some building, occupying a beautiful and commanding site of six acres in the centre of the town — the entire cost, including site and equipments, being $30,000. An excellent staff of teachers is in charge, all of whom are specialists ; and, in the words of the In- spector, the " progress of the school is phe- nomenal." There is also an excellent public school, with an efficient staff of teachers. The grounds are ample, and the building is an imposing structure provided with all the modern improvements. There is also an excellent two-story brick separate school, conducted very efficiently by Sisters of the Loretto order ; so that in the important matter of education the wants of the citizens are fully satisfied in every respect. As to churches, the condition is equally satisfac- tory. The Methodists have a new and com- modious church, while the Episcopal and Presbyterian congregations have excellent structures, which have been much improved of late years. Each of the latter has a com-

fortable pastoral residence adjoining the church. The Baptists, likewise, have a neat new church, and a congregation that is rapidly increasing. Last year the Roman Catholics erected a new Gothic stone church at a cost of over $30,000, including building and furnishings. The edifice is, indeed, a very handsome one, and a credit to the town, and with the pastoral residence and school con- stitute a block of very valuable property. Fairview Cemetery, situated just outside the tow'n limits, is the property of the corpora- tion, and is tastefully laid out and maintained in a very creditable manner. Until recently, the town could boast but little in the way of manufactures, its prosperity being dependent chiefly upon its railway interests and upon the tourists annually visiting the Falls. The Dominion Suspender Co., established here eleven years ago, and conducted by the Doran Bros., is our pioneer enterprise. It is now doing a business of $200,000 a year, and employing about seventy-five hands. An annex has been put to the factory, in which the manufacture of neckwear is successfully carried on. The web factory was the next enterprise established, and has been, like- wise, doing a flourishing business and giving regular employment to fifty hands. A factory for making small steel chains and steel traps has been in operation for some years, and has recently doubled the capacity of its out- put. The " Niagara Falls Metal Works," erected this year, and just starting practical operations, is, however, the most costly and imposing addition to our list of factories yet established. James Barry is the president and R. C. Eldridge the vice-president and manager of the Metal Works Co. The prim- ary object is to manufacture saddlery sup- plies ; but a large number of other specialties which are in good demand will also be made. Under the shrewd and able management of Mr. Eldridge, who is well known to business men throughout the country from his con- nection with the Niagara Falls Supply Co., the enterprise is an assured success from its

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start. The corporation owns and manages its waterworks system, which is in a very efficient state, and is now producing a hand- some revenue on the outlay. The many financial wants of the town and district are amply served by a branch of the Imperial Hank of Canada, established some ten years ago. For the past eight years it has been under the efficient management of J. A. Langmuir, who during the past year erected a handsome and costly residence, built in the old colonial style. The site is a most pictur- esque one, overlooking the Queen Victoria Park, and commanding complete views of the American and Horseshoe Falls, and of a large sweep of the river above the cataract. The street railway connecting with Niagara Falls South is still carried on in the primitive style, by means of horses. It is, however, probable that a mutual arrangement between the company and the corporation for a change to the electrical system will be soon effected.

The Niagara Falls Park and River Railway (electric) was built in 1893, and double- tracked the following year, to accommodate the phenomenal patronage it secured from the day of its completion. This road skirts the top of the bank of the Niagara River from Chippawa to Oueenston, making connection at either end, by steamers, with Buffalo and Toronto. The town has most complete facilities for communication in all directions, by means of the Grand Trunk and Michigan Central Railways. The Niagara Central affords additional connection with St. Catharines, the ultimate object of its promoters being to reach Hamilton and Toronto. The Rosli and Windsor hotels have been recently much improved, and the capa- city of the latter doubled. The erection of the Hotel Lafayette, a fine four-story red pressed brick building, erected at the upper bridge, is a valuable acquisition to the hotel interests of the town.

QUEENSTON

BY

GEORGE B. BULL.

THE Village of Queenston is in the County of Lincoln. It is situated on the west side of the lower Niagara river, immediately beneath the mountain, near the entrance to the Great Gorge, and directly opposite the Village of Lewiston, State of New York. Population 120. It was settled by the Hamilton family, Judge Hamilton being one of its first inhabiters. The principal street running through its centre was once an Indian trail, which after- wards became an important highway and portage road, leading from Queenston at the north, and Chippawa to the south, and con- necting with boats at either point. There used to be, besides, a very well built tram- way from Queenston to Chippawa for trans- ferring passengers, baggage, and freight to

and from these respective landings. In those early days Queenston was quite an important place, as considerable business was done in the way of lading and unlading, and there was also a manufactory or two, besides a banking business, newspaper and printingestablishment.and post-office, which alone afforded employment to as many as forty men. There were at that time no less than fourteen hotels. Since then the popu- lation decreased, and there are at present but two hotels. There is but one general store in the village, always well stocked, and of which the proprietor is Charles Lowry, Esq. The post-office is in the same build- ing, Mr. Joseph Walker being postmaster, besides customs officer.

A substantial and commodious common

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school, of stone, stands about the centre of the village, and is usually well attended. Mr. Kilkenny is the presiding teacher. Three places of worship grace the village. The English or Episcopal church, of stone, was built in the year 1879, and was conse- crated by Bishop Fuller, first Bishop of Niagara, on Nov. 2nd of the same year. The present clergyman in charge is the Rev. G. B. Bull. The United Methodist church was first built in 1862, but having been damaged through accident has been rebuilt within the last few years. The present min- ister is the Rev. Hugh S. Dougall, B.A. The Baptists' place of worship is a large stone edifice, with spire, and was built long previous to either of the others. On the north side of the village a lot of ground, 50 x 30 feet, and designated by a small monu- ment, surrounded by a neat chain fence, marks the spot near where the brave Gen. Brock fell, mortally wounded. It may not be better described, perhaps, than by giving the inscription thereupon. On the north side : " Near this spot Major-General Sir Isaac Brock, K.C.B., Provisional Lieuten- ant-Governor of Upper Canada, fell on October i3th, 1812, while advancing to repel the invading enemy " ; and on the south side : " This stone was placed by His Royal Highness Albert Edward Prince of Wales on Sept. i8th, 1860."

The monument, which was erected by the government to the memory of General Brock, and his aide-de-camp, Col. John McDonnell, stands immediately on the brow of the mountain, and overlooking Queenston. It may be seen for many miles from all direc- tions, and is a wonderful structure. The house in which Mrs. Laura Secord, the heroine, lived still remains, though vastly altered. In fact, it is scarcely the same,* having been remodelled and built over. It was from this house Mrs. Secord started on her perilous journey to Beaver Dams, some twelve miles distant, in order to apprise Col. Fitzgibbon of the approaching invaders. It

was the same house into which Gen. Brock was borne, wounded, having been shot down. Of the country surrounding Queens- ton little may be added, because now it is generally known as being the eastern sec- tion of what is called the garden of Canada. It is rightly so named. For from the Nia- gara river westward to St. Catharines, and then on to Hamilton, it is one vast district of the most productive fields, orchards, and vineyards. The old historic town of Nia- gara, or Niagara-on-the-Lake, as it is com- monly known, is seven miles north, at the mouth of the river, and on the point of land formed by lake and river.

The only railway entering this town is the Michigan Central Railway, being the branch line from Buffalo. This is the only steam railway anywhere (on the Canadian side) near Queenston, but it does not come within a mile of the village. The Niagara riv.er trolley line, however, traces its princi- pal street leading from Niagara Falls (Clif- ton) to the wharf, to connect with the splendid line of steamers from Toronto. The drive along the river road from Queens- ton to Niagara is an exceedingly charming one, and visitors at both places are daily to be seen during summer time driving or wheeling up and down this thoroughfare. During the summer season, numerous visit- ors from Toronto and Buffalo find their way annually to these popular resorts, for that is what they have become, and respectable, commodious hotels have been built for the purpose. At Niagara especially there are beautiful lawns and pleasure grounds, and generally good fishing. The grounds around Brock's monument, too, are becoming annually more and more a resort for pick- nickers from all over the country. They have been greatly improved of late, being in the hands of the Queen Victoria Park Com- missioners, with James Wilson, Esq., as superintendent. To sum -up, it may be truly said of Queenston that it is one of the prettiest villages in Ontario.

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A. JOHN-

SON, contractor

and builder, Queenston, also owner of the famous Queenston ( I uarries, was born March 2 2nd, 1835, in Sweden. He% is the son of Johanna and Marie Johnson. His father, who was a most successful follower of agricultural pur- suits in his own country all his lifetime, passed away in 1856, in his seventy-sec- ond year. Our subject was educated at the public schools of his native place, and at the age of fifteen was apprenticed to the stonecutting trade, which he followed up to the time he came to this country. He was also superintendent of a large marble quarry in Singo Island, and also for a quarry in Caterna Hulme. In 1868 he came to America, landing in New York, where he remained about fifteen years, following his avoca- tion as stonecutter. He then came to Canada, set- tling in the Niagara District, where by thrift and perseverance he has attained his present high position as a contrac- tor. In 1874 he also became the pro- prietor of the immense stone quarries at Queenston, and has since resided at that place. The products of his quarried go not only all over Canada, but to Chicago, New York, and other cities of the United States. The old historic town of Queenston, so noted in Cana- dian history, is to be congratulated upon now being the residence of some of the best known business men of Ontario. The industry so long and successfully conducted by our subject

is a most important one, and gives employment to a large number of workmen. Mr. Johnson is also the owner of a large vineyard, and has a large wine distillery. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, theA.O.U.W., and I.O.O.F. In religion Mr. Johnson is a member of the Church of England. He was married in 1881 to Miss Emma Frances Marsh, daughter of James Marsh, Esq., of England. His family consists of nine children, five of whom are holding responsible positions in different parts, while the other four still reside at Queenston with their parents.

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MEN

CANADA.

T^HOMAS NIHAN, contractor, St. -*- Catharines, was born May i4th, 1839, at that place. He is the son of Patrick and Catherine Nihan, who were born in the County of Cork, Ireland, came to Canada about the year 1830, settled in Niagara District, and succeeded in doing a large towing business on the canal. The father died in 1846 and the mother in 1890. Our subject was educated at the public schools of St. Catharines. In 1851 the family moved on a farm in the Town- ship of Grantham, and he then turned his attention to farming, to which he has since devoted himself more or less;

at the same time he has also been interested in large contracting, building, and manufacturing business. In religion Mr. Nihan is a Roman Catholic; he is also a member of the C.M.B.A. • and Home Circle, having been treasurer of the former for many years. In muni- cipal affairs he has also taken an active interest, having filled all positions from councillor to reeve in Grantham, and alderman of St. Catharines. His career all through has been marked by ability of unusual char- acter, and great energy and perseverance have entered into his many great under- takings. Few men possess the dauntless courage to surmountobstacles and carry to successful completion such difficult contracts as those in which he has been interested. In politics he is a staunch Reformer, and takes an active interest in his party, being president of the Reform Association of Lincoln and Niagara. Mr. Nihan has been married twice. First, in 1870, to Miss Mary Hanigan, daughter of Thomas Hanigan; and second, in 1882, to Miss Elizabeth Battle, daughter of Patrick Battle, of Ottawa. His family consists of one son and one daughter. He is owner of the steamer " Garden City," which runs between Buffalo and Crystal Beach, and sole owner of the Lincoln Canning Co., St. Catharines, and has a large share in many other enterprises. Being yet in the prime of life, his many friends and the public generally wish him many years of continued usefulness.

MEN OF CANADA.

461

JR. LORD, Niagara Falls 0 Centre, director and ex-presi- dent of the Oneida Commun- ity, Ltd., was born in the town of Putney, Vermont State, April 2oth, 1833. He is the son of Samuel Lord and Philura Parker, both of American birth, and members of the Oneida Community. Mr. Lord was educated at the public schools of his birthplace, coming to Oneida, N.Y., at the age of seventeen. In his early years he was connected with commercial industries in connec- tion with the Community, and was associated with it in various capacities up to the time he was appointed

president in 1888. Having been a resident of Canada since 1882, he was in a position to advance the interests of. his company here, and has succeeded in this line to such an extent that they have built a large addition to their ex- tensive manufactory at Niagara. The company manufacture all kinds of silver flat ware, including a large assortment of chains and snaps. Mr. Lord was married to Miss Georgianna J., daughter of Freeman Sears, Esq., of Prescott, Mass., on February 1401, 1880. His family consists of one daughter, residing with her parents at Niagara Falls Centre.

462

OF* CANADA.

(OUGLAS C. CAMERON, President Ontario & Western Lumber Co., Rat Portage, Ont, was born June 8th, 1854, in Pres- cott County, Ont. He was educated at the public and high schools of Vankleek Hill. Since 1880 he has followed lumbering. Previous to that time he farmed. From 1880 to 1883 he pursued lumbering in the Riding Mountains, subsequently locating at Rat Portage. It is largely through Mr. Cameron's efforts and ability that the Ontario and Western Lumber Co.'s business has attained its enormous proportions. It is now the largest

concern of the kind west of the great lakes, and one of the largest in the Dominion. Mr. Cameron has taken a deep interest in municipal affairs, has been a member of the town council, and has been tendered the candidature for parliamentary honors for West Algoma, which he had to decline owing to pressure of business. In politics he is a Reformer, and wields a strong influ- ence for his party. In religion, a Presbyterian. Mr. Cameron was mar- ried in 1880 to Margaret, daughter of Mr. Ferguson, an old resident of Vank- leek Hill. His family consists of one son and one daughter.

MKN OP CANADA.

463

JOHN ROBERT BUNN, the Denial and efficient manager of the Hudson Bay Company's extensive business at Rat Portage, Ont., was born August 26th, 1855, in Kildonan, Red River Settlement, now known as the Province of Manitoba. He is a son of Thomas and Isabella Bunn. The former, at the time Mani- toba was formed a province, filled the position of clerk of the council of Assiniboia, and became a member of the first Legislature of the Province of Manitoba. Our subject was educated at the district schools of the settlement, and at St. John's College, Winnipeg. He entered mercantile life at the age of seventeen, and joined the Hudson Bay Co. in 1874 at lower Fort Garry. He was transferred to Lac la Pluie in 1875, serving at various posts, and ultimately moving to Rat Portage, at that time the head post of the aforementioned district. In 1879 he was assistant to Mr. Lillie, and afterwards Mr. Matheson, the officer in charge of the district. Mr. Bunn succeeded to the position of chief officer of Lac la Pluie district in 1892, Mr. Matheson, his predeces- sor, moving to another charge. Mr. Bunn is a member of the Masonic fraternity. In politics he is a Conservative, a strong advocate of the principles of his party, for whom he does valuable service at election campaigns. In religion he is a member of the Church of England, being warden for several years, and dur- ing his occupancy of that office the present edifice,

known as St. Alban's Church, was built. He was married October 28th. 1885, to Miss Vashti Eli/abeth Gunne. daughter of Robert and Margaret Gunne, of Florence, Ont. His family consists of five children, four sons and one daughter. He belongs to that sterling class of men whose efforts tend to directly advance the best interests of a new place. The commercial and moral future of rapidly growing com- munities depends on the courage, wisdom, and stability of a few leading spirits. Among such Mr. Bunn is to be found, and helps to form the sinews of the town.

464

MEN

CANADA.

HARLES WILLIAM JARVIS, managing member of the firm of Ray, Street & Co., Fort William, Ont., was born March 1 8th, 1866, in St. Eleanor's, P.E.I. His father is Henry Fitzgerald Jarvis, M.D., and his mother's maiden name Lucy DesBrisay Harding. His father was born on the Island of Malta, and his grandfather, at the time of his death, was Chief Justice of P.E.I. The father of our subject was but three years of age when he came to the Maritime Provinces from Malta. Mr. C. W. Jarvis was educated at the public and high schools of Summerside, P.E.I. At the

age of sixteen he went to Emerson, Man., where he took his first position in the C.P.R. freight office. He re- signed this position at the end of three months to enter the Ontario Bank, at one-half the salary he was receiving from the C.P.R. He seemed eminently adapted for this business, and in 1883 was transferred to the Port Arthur branch of this bank. July i5th, 1884, he entered the employ of Ray, Street & Co., Port Arthur, to fill an advanced position. He has since remained with them, advancing step by step until September, 1893, when he was taken in as a member of the firm. Mr. Jarvis is a prominent member of the A.O.U.W., and was for some time its financier. He is also a member of the town council, being chair- man of its Finance Commit- tee, is secretary of the Board of Trade, and U.S. Consular agent for the Dis- trict of Thunder Bay. In politics he is a staunch Conservative, always taking an active interest in his party. In religion he is a member of the Church of England, being clerk of the vestry. Mr. Jarvis deserves credit for the energy and perseverance which has so early in life placed him in a position of honor and re- sponsibility, and his friends —who are many, and es- teem him very highly— predict for him a future of still wider usefulness. He was married June I5th, 1892, to Miss Maria Louise Pow- ley, daughter of William and Margaret Powley, of Port Arthur, Ont. His family consists of two sons.

MEN OP CANADA.

465

] ^DWARD A. CHAPMAN, pub- ^ lisher of The News, Rat

^-^ Portage, was born May 8th, 1850, at St. Andrew's, Argenteuil County, Que. He is the son of E. J. Chapman and Mathilde Coursolles. He received his education at the public schools of Ontario and Quebec. He followed railroading, public works, farming, and mercantile pursuits at intervals. He served in the Canadian Artillery from 1871 to 1874, and, having a natural tendency for literary work, he finally entered on the profession of journalism, and purchased The Rat Portage News and plant in the fall of

1894, and has made it the most popular paper in the Algoma District. Mr. Chapman is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and secretary-treasurer of the district Board of Trade. In politics, an Independent, with Liberal views; in religion, a Christian. He has been married twice — first to a French- Canadian young lady, native of Mon- treal; and second to Cordelia Jane, daughter of Richard Ritchie, of Gren- ville, Que. Mr. Chapman enjoys the confidence of the community, takes a great interest in the welfare of the district, and is a man who has the courage of his convictions.

466

ROBERT EDWIN FOY,

freight department C.P.R., Rat Portage, Ont., was born January i6th, 1857, in Yorktown, Surrey, England. His father was Edwin Foy, chemist and druggist, Yorktown. His mother was Emma Crewdson, daughter of Richard Crewd- son, Esq., retired builder. Mr. Foy was educated at the commercial school, Gosport, England, upon leaving which he followed a mercantile career for sixteen years. He came to Canada in 1889, entering the employ of the C.P.R. at Rat Portage, where he has since remained, filling several positions of

trust. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and chaplain of Peguonya Lodge; also V.C.R. of the I.O.F. He is an Independent in politics, and dur- ing election contests is influential in the cause of purity and good govern- ment. In religion he is a Baptist, and an efficient worker with the local Presby- terians (there being no Baptist church in Rat Portage), besides being a very acceptable local preacher. He fills many minor offices in the church with care and cheerfulness. Mr. Foy is a staunch temperance advocate. He was married in 1894 to Miss Christina Orr, of English River, Chateauguay, Que.

MRN OP CANADA.

467

IRMAN McCLURE, M. P. P., Barrister, Truro, N.S., was born November i9th, 1861, at that place. He is a son of the late John McClure and Susan Kent, natives of Col- chester County. Mr. Mc- Clure was educated at the public and high schools of Truro. He graduated from the Normal School in 1876, taking a teacher's diploma. He then taught school for six months, and in May, 1878, entered the office of Hon. F. A. Laurence, Q.C. He was admitted to the Bar in 1882, afterwards forming a partnership with Mr. Laurence, and commencing practice in Truro. This continued until 1889, in which year Mr. McClure assumed the complete con- trol of the Guardian news- paper, of which he had for some years been political editor. He gave his entire attention to journalism until 1892, when on account of ill -health he was forced to give up the arduous duties of news- paper work. Shortly after, his health being partially restored, he resumed the practice of law, in partnership with Mr. J. E. Corbett, under the style of McClure & Corbett. He is a Liberal in politics, and is one of the most brilliant hustings speakers in the Do- minion. He was a candidate for the House of Commons in the Tory strong- hold of Colchester at the general elections of June, 1896, against W. D. Dimock. Previous to this election the Conservative majorities in the county ranged from 500 to 800, and Mr. McClure, in the face of many

obstacles, succeeded in reducing them to 177. August 1 5th, 1896, he con- tested Colchester County for a seat in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, and was elected by a majority of 300 over R. J. Turner, Mayor of Truro, the Conservative candidate. In religion he is a Presbyterian. He is a well- known temperance worker and lecturer, was G.W.P. of the Sons of Temperance in Nova Scotia in 1890, and editor of The Temperance Index, the official organ of that order, for two years. He is also a well-known contributor to jour- nals, and writes editorials for several newspapers of the Maritime Provinces.

468

MEN

CANADA.

G EORGE RAE SMITH, general merchant, Acadia Mines, Nova Scotia, was born September 1 2th, 1858, in Colchester County, N.S. He is a son of Sidney Holmes Smith, hardware merchant, of Acadia Mines, and of Agnes Rae Smith, born at Roger Hill, Pictou County, N.S. Our subject was educated at the public and high schools of his native county, and afterwards completed a commercial course at Halifax, graduating from the Business College in 1876. He was then employed as clerk in several mer- cantile houses until 1883, when he started a general store at Acadia

Mines with a small capital. At an early age he had shown a remarkable capac- ity for transacting business, and immediately upon start- ing for himself made rapid strides, soon becoming known as one of the leading merchants of the district. His business prospered and expanded under his able management, and to-day Mr. Smith, although still a young man, is one of the most influential and widely known men in this section of country. He is shrewd and, although enterprising, conservative and cautious, and has never lost any money in wild schemes. He purchases his goods from the best English and Cana- dian houses, and being an extensive buyer his custom- ers get the benefit of a large assortment and discount figures. In politics he is a Conservative, and a strong believer in the National Policy, although not slavishly bound to any party. In religion Mr. Smith is a Presbyterian, and an active church worker, being president of the Y.P.S.C.E. for Col- chester County, and one of the strong supporters of this society in the prov- ince. He is a gifted organizer, as well as a fine public speaker, prominent in Sabbath school work, and a teacher of a Bible class in connection with Acadia church. Mr. Smith was married April 26th, 1882, to Miss Emma Gertrude McNutt, daughter of the late J. B. McNutt, Esq., one of the most promin- ent agriculturists of Truro, N.S. His family consists of four sons and one daughter.

MRN OP CANADA.

469

. WILLIAM HENRY BUL- » LOCK, M.A., Chaplain to Her Majesty's Forces, was born at Digby, N.S., Nov. i6th, 1841. He is the son of William and Mary Bullock, the former rector of Digby, N.S., and subsequently Dean of Nova Scotia. Our subject was educated at King's College, Windsor, N.S. He was ordained deacon in 1864, and priest one year later by Dr. Bin- ney, Bishop of Nova Scotia, and appointed rector at Bridgewater. He was then chap- lain to Her Majesty's Forces at Halifax, N.S., from 1868-73 ; at Aldershot from 1873-75 : at Dublin, 1876 ; at Aldershot again from 1876-79; Gibraltar, 1880-85 ; Egypt, during 1885 ; at Chatham from 1885-90 ; Dublin a second time from 1890-92 ; then Aldershot a third time from 1892-93 ; and again at Halifax since 1894, where he now resides. Mr. Bullock was married, in 1879, to Marion, daughter of Rev. C. A. Wetherall, chaplain to the Forces. His family consists of one son and three daughters. He took part in an expeditionary force in Egypt, as senior chaplain, in 1885 ; was mentioned in the despatches and given promotion.

REV. WILLIAM HKNKY MULLOCK. M.A.

LIEUT. -COL. CHARLES JOHN MACDONALD.

TlEUT.-COL. CHARLES JOHN MAC- "V* DONALD, Post-office Inspector, Nova Scotia, was born at Halifax, April 4th, 1841. Educated at Dalhousie College, studied law under the late Right Hon. Sir John Thompson, called to the Bar in 1872, elected to the House of Assembly for Halifax in 1878, became a member of the Holmes- Thompson Government without portfolio, has been Alderman of Halifax, Grand Master of Freemasons, President of the North British National Society, joined the Scottish Volunteers in 1859, served as Adjutant of the 2nd Colchester and I3th Halifax Regi- ments, appointed Adjutant of the 66th Bat- talion in 1869, and Colonel in 1874, District Paymaster of Nova Scotia from 1873 until 1878, then rejoined the 66th. That regi- ment failing to goto the Northwest, he went as senior major of the Halifax Provisional Battalion, served throughout the campaign, receiving the medal. The Colonel is a widely known military man and an authority on such matters. He first married Mary, daughter of William Evens, and, second, Annie McLearn. In religion a Presbyterian.

WELLAND

HY

DR. S. H. GLASGOW.

IT was as early as the year 1788 that the land now occupied by the progressive and enterprising Town of Welland was settled by those people who are proud to designate themselves as the descendants of the United Empire Loyalists. Those hardy people left comfortable homes in the Eastern States that they might live on that side of the Niagara River where the meteor flag of Britain waved, that their sons and daughters might claim allegiance to England's mon- arch. The most of the people were well educated for that period, and though they had to hew for themselves homes in the dense forests of primeval Canada, yet they transmitted to their descendants a certain amount of courage and fortitude, which is inherent in many of their descendants of to- day. No doubt many of the early settlers were attracted to this settlement on account of the richly timbered lands which bordered on the Welland River, then known as the the Chippawa Creek.

The major portion of the land on which Welland is built was first patented to Cap- tain Thomas Walsh, a revolutionary officer* and who afterwards became the first registrar of Norfolk County. The building of the Welland Canal necessitated the construc- tion of a channel to convey the waters of the artificial channel over the Welland River. The first one was of wood, and was finished in 1829. Then there were only a few shanties, and the little settlement was known as the Aqueduct. In the year 1842, when the government proceeded to enlarge the old canal and to replace the old wooden aqueduct with one of stone, then the few houses commenced to develop into a small village and was called Merritsville, in honor

of the late William Hamilton Merritt, the originator of the Welland Canal.

The village made no progress till the separation of the united counties of Lincoln and Welland. After a hard struggle with other places, it became the county seat. With the erection of the county buildings in 1856 commenced a degree of prosperity which has never departed. By an Act of Parliament in 1858 the name of Merritsville was changed to Welland, and the village incorporated. From that day Welland has steadily improved, and in 1878 the village merged into a town, and in that year elected its first mayor. The present popu- lation is in the neighborhood of 2,500, and to the newcomer it presents a degree of prosperity not equalled in many towns of its size. The first sight to greet the traveller with admiration is the number of beautiful houses with spacious and well-kept lawns, together with row after row of well- trimmed boulevards. There is scarcely a residence that does not possess beautiful flowers in abundance during the leafy sea- son. Another cause for all this summer beauty is the excellent system of water- works owned and operated by the munici- pality. The town is well lighted by a fine system of electric lights. Welland possesses unexampled opportunities for boating and bathing, owing to its being situated on the banks of the Welland River and canal. The train service is excellent, trains leaving Welland for some point every hour in the day on either the G.T.R., M.C.R., or T., H. & B. Welland possesses good churches of all denominations with a large membership, with the best of good feeling pervading all. The schools are first class,

470

MBN OF CANADA.

471

no better in the county, the pride of the town and surrounding country. Being situ- ated in the centre of a rich agricultural country as well as the centre of a large fruit- bearing district, there is a large amount of business done here. The people are thrifty and progressive, and a failure of any of its business men is scarcely known. \Velland has abundance of water power, and to any person or persons desirous of retiring from business or starting a manufacturing con- cern it has unrivalled opportunities. For

the workingman's advantage the town possesses all the conveniences of a city. without the excessive cost of living, and to the manufacturer the town can give the best of railway and water facilities, on account of three rival railways and the canal. The town has one of the most efficient fire bri- gades in Ontario, and has also in operation a good system of sewerage, which in addition to its thorough water supply makes Welland, from a sanitary standpoint, one of the healthiest places in Canada.

CHIPPAWA

BY

REV. W. J. MACKENZIE.

/CHIPPAWA, although only a village, i and not very ancient, is never-

^•*""'^> theless one of the historic places of Canada. It is situated about two miles above the Falls of Niagara, and at the con- fluence of the Chippawa Creek with the Niagara. The creek, so called, is, in fact, a a narrow river, navigable for small vessels as far up as Welland, and is named locally the " creek" to distinguish it from the Niagara. On a mural tablet in the Chippawa English Church the inscription tells that Mr. Thomas Cummings, a U.K. Loyalist, was the first settler when Chippawa was a wilderness, the date of his arrival being 1783. He must have been a man of enterprise and wealth, judging from the large and costly dwelling- houses he erected. As time passed other men of similar enterprise, such as the Messrs. Macklem, Street, Thomas, Bond, etc., either singly or associated, introduced one industry after another, until Chippawa became a very busy place, having a population numbering between one and two thousand. Shipbuild- ing was carried on. A large tannery, a foundry, and a distillery distinguished the village. Chippawa stoves and Chippawa

whisky were famous far and near. The creek was lined with extensive wharves, busy with exports and imports. Rafts of timber from a distance, as well as the local products of the village, were forwarded by steamboat to Buffalo and elsewhere ; and a plank road, extending from the village to Queenston, served to convey by wagons Chip- pawa goods to the shores of Lake Ontario. But this former hive of industry has utterly changed as to its business character. The foundry, the distillery, and lumber trade are among the things that were. The popula- tion numbers now only about six hundred. There are four religious denominations, the m<vt numerous being the Presbyterians and Anglicans. The Roman Catholics worship at the Falls of Niagara, and the few members of the Evangelical Association worship in a chapel which belongs to the Methodists. Chippawa was formerly a military post for the regular army, the barracks for which was demolished not many years ago. The battle of Chippawa was fought on the east side of the creek. Twice since then the village and vicinity have been the scenes of consider- able military display.

472

MEN OP CANADA.

REV. WM. JAS. MACKENZIE.

'EV.WM. JAS. MACKENZIE, Rector of Trinity Church, Chippawa, and Canon of Christ Church Cathedral, Hamilton, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, April i8th, 1817. In 1842 he visited Can- ada and the United States, and engaged in educational work in Montreal until 1844. He then entered Knox College, Toronto, and, finishing in that institution, wasordained pastor of Baltimore and Cold Springs con- gregations near Cobourg, Ont., and superin- tendent of schools for the Township of Hamilton. After eighteen years at this point a change in his religious convictions led him to leave the Presbyterian Church and jftin the Church of England. He was ordained deacon by Bishop Bethune, Oct. 4th, 1868, and priest, April igth, 1869. He was then incumbent of Brighton for a short time, then of Mount Forest and North Arthur for five years, of Milton and Hornby seventeen and one-half years, and has now (1896) been at Chippawa three years. While at Milton he was twice elected rural dean, afterwards appointed canon. He married Alexandrina McArthur, a native of Nairnshire, Scotland.

QlNCLAIR HOLDEN GLASGOW,

M.B., M.D., Mayor of Welland, was born March aoth, 1855, at Niagara Falls. He is the son of William Glasgow and Mary Elizabeth Lundy, the former now deceased. Dr. Glasgow was educated at the Drum- mondville Grammar School. In 1874 he matriculated at Toronto University, where he graduated with the degree of M.B. in 1878. The same year he obtained his M.D. at Victoria University. In 1892 he went to London, Berlin, and Vienna, to further prosecute his medical studies. Pre- vious to this, however, he had practised in Welland, and on his return from the conti- nent again resumed practice there. In 1882 he was appointed, assistant surgeon, and in 1896 Surgeon Major, of the 44th Battalion. He is also District Surgeon of the G.T.R., a member of the Masonic fraternity, A.O.U.W., etc., etc. He has also been coun- cillor of his town and for two years mayor. In religion he is a Presbyterian ; in politics an active Reformer. The doctor was mar- ried in 1888 to Nancy C. Graham, and has a family of two daughters.

SINCLAIR HOLDEN GLASGOW, M.B., M.D.

MKN OP CANADA.

473

A/TAJOR HIRAM BENDER,

JLV I Niagara Falls, Ont., was

^^ born at that place. He was educated at the Drummondville Grammar School, and afterwards at- tended the Military College, Toronto, from which he graduated in 1867. His father, Philip Bender, was born April 1 4th, 1802, served in the war of 1812 as a teamster, and on one occasion took a cannon from St. David's to Burlington Heights with a yoke of oxen. He was also sergeant in a cavalry company during the rebellion of 1837. In 1847 was made Ensign; in 1849, fifst Cornet; and May 2nd, 1862, Lieutenant-Colonel. Our sub- ject's mother was Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Misener, and is still living, in her ninety-second year. The Bender family history dates back to about the middle of the last century, when Philip George Bender, a native of Germany, and his wife emigrated to New Jersey, U.S.A. At the time of the Revolu- tionary War they came to Canada as U.E. Loyalists, locating near Niagara

MAJOR HIRAM HKNltKR.

Falls. .Mr. Bender first erected a log house, and afterwards a frame one, bein«f the first of the kind in the

o

district, but which was destroyed in the war of 1812. John Bender, a son of Philip George Bender, was born in New Jersey, educated at the Military School at Levviston, and had a family of five sons and six daughters, one of whom still survives (1896). Philip, the father of Major Hiram Bender, was a son of John Bender, and already- referred to. Our subject was appointed Ensign in No. i Company of the 44th Battalion, promoted to second Lieuten- ancy, and eventually became Captain. During the Fenian invasion he served as private in No. 2 Company, i9th Bat- talion. Four years Reeve of the town of Clifton, and in 1879 he received an appointment in H.M. Customs Depart- ment, which he still holds. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the I.O.O.F., and A.O.U.W. He was married in January, 1896, to Mrs. E. A. Boyd, of Niagara Falls, daughter of the late James Liddle.

474

MEN OF CANADA.

THE LATE SAMUEL ALLAN MUIR, M.D., L.R.C.P.

THE LATE SAMUEL ALLAN JL MUIR, M.D., L.R.C.P., Truro, N.S., was born at Cookstown, Ireland. He studied medicine at Glas- gow and Edinburgh Universities, grad- uating M.D. from the latter in 1840. In 1843 he came to West River, N.S., and one year later took up his residence in Truro, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was one of the foremost practitioners of his day, and famous as a preceptor ; also the originator of several operations since claimed by other surgeons. He married, in 1844, Esther Crowe, of Onslow, N.S., and died in Truro in February, 1875. His son, David H. Muir, M.D., Truro, was born in 1848, educated at Truro, studied medicine, in' New York, grad- uating in 1867, and has since practised in Truro. He is a life member of the Medical Board of the province, ex- president of the Medical Association, was elected Mayor three times in succession, president of the Truro Con- densed Milk Co., etc., and also the most extensive real estate owner in the

WILLIAM SCOTT MUIR, M.D.

town. He was married in 1870 to a daughter of the late Hon. J. W. Ritchie, Halifax. Mrs. Muir died in 1895, leav- ing two sons. Another son of Dr. Samuel A. Muir is William Scott Muir, M.D., L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (Edinburgh), born in 1853, educated at Truro and Dalhousie University, graduating M.D. in 1874. Made House Surgeon of Halifax Hospital in 1875, and the following year went to Edinburgh to further study medicine, graduating L.R.C.P. in 1877. He also took a post- graduate course in Edinburgh in 1879, and another at London in 1891. He is secretary of the Medical Society of Nova Scotia, vice-president Canadian Medical Association, fellow New York State Medical Society, examiner in different subjects for the Provincial Medical Board for the University of Dalhousie College, also for King's Col- lege, and a well-known contributor to medical journals. He was married in Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1879, to Miss Catharine J., daughter of the well- known Walter Lawson, Esq., C.E.

MEN or CANADA.

475

I W.SCHOOLEY,M.D.,Welland,Ont., * ' ' was born in March, 1837, >n tne Township of Bertie, Ont. He is the son of J. l'>. Schooley and Anna McKay, both of Canadian birth, the latter still (1896) living in her ninety-third year. Dr. Schooley was educated at the public schools and Victoria College, Cobourg. He then took up the study of medicine in the colleges of Buffalo, N.Y., and Burlington, Vt., graduating at the hitter institution in 1862. One year later he also graduated from the medical department of Victoria College, Toronto, after which he immediately commenced practice at Welland, where he has since remained and built up a practice second to none in his district. Dr. Schooley has also taken an active part in educational affairs, having been local super- intendent of education for the town of Wel- land. In religion he is a Methodist, holding offices in trustee and quarterly boards ; a supporter of the Conservative party. Dr. Schooley was married in 1865 to Sarah E., daughter of the late Rev. John Baxter. His family consists of two daughters and one (adopted) son.

J. W. SCHOOLEY, M.D.

J. MORRISON DUNN, B.A., I.L.B.

1 MORRISON DUfrfcs B.A., LL.B., *-^ deceased, was born in Dundee, Scot- land, in 1830, and was soon afterwards brought to this country by his parents. He graduated with the degrees of B. A. and LL.B. from Toronto University. Afterwards held the position of principal of Drummondville (now Niagara Falls South) High School, and subsequently a similar position in Peterboro; but, having a taste^ for journalism, he became one of the proprietors of the Peterboro Examiner, which paper he conducted for a time, simultaneously taking up the study of law. He was after this headmaster of the Guelph High School, editorial writer upon the staff of the Daily Advertiser of that city, and afterwards sole proprietor. He was then appointed to the professorship of " Belles Lettres '' in an educational institution at Pittsburg, Pa., but after one year became headmaster of Elora High School, where he remained until taking a similar position at Welland. Outside of his school duties, he has edited three classical text-books. Mr. Dunn died October i8th, 1890, leaving a family of six sons.

476

IVIKN

CANADA.

KOSS MACKENZIE.

MACKENZIE, manager of the Niagara Falls Park and River Railway, Niagara Falls, Ont., was born July 26th, 1857, in New York City. His parents were Campbell Mackenzie and Ellen Mc- Nestry. The former came to Canada in 1863, and settled in Toronto. Here he accepted a position with the Shedden Co., Ltd., as superintendent, which he still occu- pies. Our subject was educated at the pub- lic schools, Model school and Upper Canada College, Toronto. At the age of seventeen he became agent for the Shedden Co. in Hamilton. After one year he accepted a position with the G.T.R. as biller, but after a short time returned to the Shedden Co., Ltd., Toronto. He was then bookkeeper, assistant paymaster and cashier on the C.V.R., until it was merged into the C.P.R., when he was appointed accountant of the Ontario Division, and in 1885 removed to Montreal. In 1894 ne was appointed man- ager of the Niagara Falls Park and River Railway. Mr. Mackenzie was married June i6th, 1880, at London, Ont., to Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Dr. J. L. Lizars, Toronto.

ENRY EMRICK, postmaster and town clerk of Bridgeburg (formerly Inter- national Bridge), was born August 7th, 1849, in Bertie Township, Welland County. He is the son of John Emrick and Magdalene Miller, both of German descent. Mr. Emrick was educated at the public schools, and until thirty years of age was engaged in farming operations. He was then in the coal and wood line for four years. In 1890 he em- barked in the furniture business, and one year later was appointed postmaster, continu- ing the furniture business also until 1893, since which he has given his sole attention to his official position. Mr. Emrick is a member of the A.O.U.W., Select Knights, Home Circle, and the International Fraternal Alliance of Baltimore, having held the high- est offices in the gift of these orders. He has taken an active interest in municipal affairs for years, and his appointment as clerk of the town was well merited. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion, a member of the Church of England. He was married Sep- tember loth, 1872, to Fannie, youngest daughter of Dr. J. B. Hershey, of Bertie Tp.

HENRY EMRICK.

MEN OF* CANADA.

477

KICUAKI) H1NTON.

LATE RICHARD HINTON, of Fort Erie, Ont., was born August gth, 1835, at Midsummer Norton, England, his parents being also of English birth. He was edu- cated at the public schools, and when thirty- five years of age came to Canada. He re- sided at Quebec about one year, following the joining and carpentering trade. He then located in Bridgeburg, opening an hotel, which he conducted about eight years. He then went into the wholesale liquor busi- ness, at which he remained three years, when he removed to Fort Erie, opening a grocery and liquor establishment, which he conducted up to the time of his death, which occurred February i8th. 1896. He was always suc- cessful in his business undertakings, and popular with the public. Mr. Hinton took an interest in municipal affairs, and filled the position of councillor of Fort Erie for some time. In politics he was a staunch Reformer, and took an active part in election contests. In religion he was a member of the Church of England. He was married twice, first in 1855, and again in 1884. His family consists of two sons, living.

JOHN T. JAMES, Reeve of Bridgeburg (formerly International Bridge), Ont., was born February 28th, 1854, in Chelten- ham, England. He is the son of Thomas James and Jane Thomas. His parents came to Canada in 1871, settling in the Niagara District, where his father follows agricultural pursuits. Mr. James was educated at the Commercial College, Cheltenham, England, and at the age of fifteen was apprenticed to the general dry goods business. After his arrival in this country, however, he followed agricultural life for about six years. Then, in September, 1881, he purchased his present business, and by shrewd and careful man- agement the business has grown to its present proportions. Mr. James has found time, however, to devote to municipal affairs, and on account of his civic experience has been appointed first reeve of Bridgeburg, the vil- lage being incorporated in 1895. In religion he is a " Disciple " ; in politics a Liberal, and president of the local association. He was married in October, 1877, to Annie E. Haun, daughter of James Haun, of Ridge- way, Ont.

JOHN T. J.VMI.v

478

MEN OF CANADA.

7\ RCHIBALD CAMPBELL SCARTH, v® M. A., Rector of St. George's Church, Lennoxville, Que., was born November 25th, 1833, in the Orkney Islands. He received his education at the parish and grammar schools of Sanday and Kirkwall, but coming to Canada, in 1849, entered Knox College, Toronto. In 1855 he removed to Lower Canada, where he completed his studies at Bishop's College, Lennoxville. He was or- dained deacon in July, 1857, and priest the following year by Bishop Fulford, of Mont- real. His first appointment was to Farn- ham, Que., but in 1859 he was sent to Len- noxville, as assistant to Rev. L. Doolittle, and at his death, in 1862, took sole charge of the pastorate. Mr. Scarth has been for about thirty years professor of Ecclesiastical History, etc., in Bishop's College. He is chairman of local committee of management of Bishop's College School ; also chairman of school commissioners for many years. In politics he is a Conservative. He has been married twice, first in 1857, and second in 1879 to the daughter of J. B. Paddon, Esq. He has three sons and one daughter.

ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL SCARTH, M.A.

JOHN BETHUNE.

JOHN BETHUNE, Justice of the Peace, Conveyancer, Commissioner, Issuer of Marriage Licenses, etc., Bridgeburg, Ont., was born in February, 1839, in the Island of Skye, Scotland. He is the son of John Bethune and Margaret Beaton, and was educated at the national schools. After being engaged in various occupations in his own land, and one year at Suez Canal in Egypt, he came to Canada in 1868, associating him- self with the G.T.R. Co., with whom he remained for fourteen years. He was then in the employ of Messrs. B. and E. Baxter, grain buyers, International Bridge, for ten years, after which he retired from that posi- tion, and received his appointment of Justice of Peace, etc., as above mentioned. He has taken quite a lively interest in the municipal affairs of his township ; sat on the council board for two years, and was tax collector for one year. In politics he is a supporter of the Liberal party ; in religion a member of the Methodist Church, holding the offices of trustee and recording steward. Mr. Bethune was married in 1869 to Anna, daugh- ter of the late John Levett, of England.

MKN OP CANADA.

470

J< > 1 1 N 1; LICIT, wholesale merchant, To- ronto, was born, October I7th, 1833, at Edinburgh, Scotland. He is the son of John and Helen Gowanlock Flett, who came to Chippawa in 1837. While in Edinburgh he practised law, being a " writer to the Signet." During the troublesome times of IiS.J7-j8 he passed through many experiences in the defence of his adopted country. Our subject was educated at the public schools and by private tuition. At the age of seven- teen he entered his father's mercantile busi- ness, remaining with him until his death, in 1868, when he assumed full control. After seven years, however, he removed to Toronto, entering into partnership with Henry Lowndes, and under the firm name of Flett, Lowndes & Co. have become perhaps the best known fancy dry-goods dealers in the wholesale line in Canada. While in Chip- pawa, Mr. Flett was councillor for many years, and also a justice of peace. In poli- tics a Liberal; in religion a Presbvterian. He was married in 1878 to Rhoda Mary, daughter of Dr. Forbes, surgeon in the Royal Navy. He has one son and two daughters.

JOHN Fl.KTT.

ALBXANDKIl KKITH M KAY.

ALEXANDER KEITH MCKAY, Oni-

^® lia, Ont., was born in 1854, in Aber- deenshire, Scotland. His parents removed to Canada in 1855, and his father is now clerk of the township in which he resides. Mr. McKay was educated at the public schools of Pickering, and at the age of fifteen apprenticed himself for five years to George Godfrey, of Whitevale. He then became manager of a woollen mill in Mount Clemens, Mich., for three years, after which he returned to Whitevale as boss weaver in a mill, after- wards going to Newmarket to accept a simi- lar position. After a year he removed to Orillia, where, in company with his brother, he started a woollen mill, under the name of McKay Hros. One year later the mill burnt down. They, however, were not easily discouraged, and, though carrying but very little insurance, immediately rebuilt, and one year later our subject bought his brother's interest, and has since greatly in- creased the business. In politics he is a Liberal; in religion a Presbyterian. Mr. McKay was married in 187610 Jennie Moser, of Mount Clemens, Mich.

480

MEN

CANADA.

&:T. C. J. P. CLARKSON, late of the =- 30th Regiment, Halifax, was born in Sussex, England, Aug. ist, 1836, being the son of Wm. Clarkson, Q.C., a celebrated barrister. He was educated at the public schools and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Joined the 3Oth Regiment in 1855, serving during the Crimean war, and at other foreign stations. He embarked for Canada, in 1861, on board the " Great East- ern," and at the time of the Mason and Slidell trouble served in Toronto, Montreal, Que- bec, and Halifax. He retired in 1870, and has since lived in Halifax, representing the Phoenix of London, Norwich Union, and Brit- ish American. In religion he is an Episcopalian ; in politics, a Conserva- tive. Capt. Clarkson was married in 1863. He has two children.

J. PILKEY, B.A., graduate of Queen's University, Kingston, Prin- cipal of Fort William Public School, was born, in 1861, in Reach Township, Ontario. His father is the Rev. J. C. Pilkey, Baptist minister, now at Mount Brydges, Ont. Our subject was educated at Queen's University ; took a third-class certificate at Uxbridge High School, second-class at Oakwood, and first-class at Hamilton. He served his time in i4th Princess of Wales Own Rifles, Kings- ton, while attending Queen's. He is an excellent rifle shot ; also a member of the I.O.O.F. He was married July ist, 1891, to the eldest daughter of Mr. John Glenney, of Mariposa Township. Mr. Pilkey worked his way through Queen's Univer- sity by teaching privately and deserves great credit for his success.

WILLIAM ALLAN M'l.EOU.

\yiLLIAM ALLAN McLEOD, mer- chant, Rat Portage, Ont., was born March 27th, 1859, at Round Hill, King's County, N.B. His father is William Mc- Leod, postmaster of Round Hill, and his mother, Julia Maria Richards. Mr. Mc- Leod was educated at the public schools, and went to Manitoba when twenty-two years of age, in the employ of the C.P.R. In Octo- ber, 1887, he located at Rat Portage, enter- ing mercantile life on his own account in general merchandise, afterwards confining himself to boots and shoes, and has estab- lished the leading trade in his line in Algoma district. He is secretary-treasurer for the Western Algoma Brick Company, and a prominent member of the I.O.F. and S.O.S. In politics he is a Conservative ; in religion a member of the Church of England. Mr McLeod was married March 26th, 1890, to Mary, daughter of John Wilson, Esq., Whitevale, Ont. He has one daughter.

INDEX

Ahn, Robert Henry, Rat Portage, Ont. ; 446

Allard, Charles Amede\ Chambly Basin, Que. 313

Alton, Ont 368

Anderson, Charles Edward Blake, Ottawa,

Ont 25

Angers, Panet (Alderman), Quebec, Que.. .. 71

Angers, Edward J., N.P., Quel>ec, Que 57

Anstruther, Lieut.-Col. Alexander William,

Halifax, N.S 437

Ap'john, Frank Joseph, Rat Porlage, Ont — 442

Archambault, Eugene, St. Johns, Que 159

Archibald, The late Hon. Sir Adams George,

K.C.M.G., P.C., Q.C., D.C.L., Halifax,

N.S 453

Avery, Edwin, Sherbrooke, Que 292

Baker* G, H. M., Lindsay, Ont 276

Bacon, Rev. Chas. David, L' Islet, Que 160

Bacon, Lieut.-Col. Thomas, Ottawa, Ont 26

Baillairge, Chas., C.P.F., M.A., and F.R.S.C.,

Quebec, Que 67

Barnes, George, Rat Portage, Ont 441

Barolet, Joseph Adelard, M.I)., Montreal,

Que. 106

Barrie, Ont 315

Bartram, Joseph Thomas, Ottawa, Ont 12

Bastedo, David Edgar, Bracebridge, Ont .... 349

Battle, Martin, Ottawa, Ont 41

Bayley, Lewis Albert, Sherbrooke, Que 305

Beauchamp, Jean Baptiste, Sault au Recollet,

Que 238

Beaudry, L. A., M.D., St. Hyacinthe, Que.. 163

Beaupre, Wilfrid, M.D., Quebec, Que 63

Beauregard, J. B. H., Iberville, Que 140

Begin, Most Rev. Louis Naxaire, D.D., Arch- bishop of Gyrene, Quebec, Que 64

Begin, Joseph Honore, St. Roch, Quebec City 53 Beique, J. F. H., M.D., St. Jean Baptiste,

Que. - 207

Bellwood, William A. M., Little Current, Ont. 372

Belmont, The Retreat, Quebec, Que 97

Bell, Robert William, M.D., Peterboro, Ont.. 253

Bell, Richard, Uxbridge, Ont 390

Bender, Lieut.-Col. P., Niagara Falls, Ont.... 473

Bender, Major Hiram, Niagara Falls, Ont. . 473 Benson, The late William Thomas, Montreal,

Que 139

Bergeron, Rev. Francois Alfred, St. Ray- mond, Que 245

Berlinguet, Francis Xavier, Quebec, Que. . . 73

Bernier, Napoleon, LL.B., Rimouski, Que... 218 Bernier, Captain Joseph Elzear, Quebec,

Que 55

Bernier, Michael Esdras, M.P., St. Hyacinthe,

Que 173

Bethune, John, Bridgeburg, Ont 478

Bettes, James Whitney, Bracebridge, Ont. . . 348

Bevan, Rev. William, Mount Forest, Ont. . . . 375

Biggar, Murray Clement, Sudbury, Ont 361

Bingham, Samuel, J.P., Ottawa, Ont 16

Biron, Pamphile, East Sherbrooke, Que 301

Blarney, George Frederick, Oshawa, Ont 322

Blanchet, Hon. Jean, Quebec, Que 78

Bliss, Major Donald Cameron Forster, Ot- tawa, Ont 34

Bloomfield, Charles James, Lakefield, Ont. . . 200

Blue, Walter, Sherbrooke, Que ... 307

Boddy, John, J.P., Bradford, Ont 341

Boddy, James Sutherland, Bradford, Ont. ... 341

Boisvert, Louis Napoleon, St. Johns, Que. .. 155

Boomer, Francis Thomas, Quebec, Que 81

Botterell, Edward, Ottawa, Ont 20

Boulanger, Dr. Frederic, B.A., M.D., Quebec,

Que 57

Boucher, Robert Penniel, M.D., Peterboro,

Ont 252

Boult, John Francis, Hull, Que 259

Bourassa, Toussaint Jules, Montreal, Que. .. 108 Bourassa, Joseph Boutin, B.A., St. Romauld,

Que 179

Boyce, Arthur Cyril, Rut Portage, Ont 444

Boyer, James, Bracebridge, Ont 348

Bracebridge, Ont 346

Bradley, John F., Orangeville, Ont 334

482

MEN

CANADA..

Brockville, Ont 263

Brossard, John Baptiste Joseph, M.D., La- prairie, Que 24°

Brosseau, Lieut-Col. Julien, Laprairie, Que... 214

Brosnan, Alfred, Quebec, Que 7°

Brown, William E., Ottawa, Ont 38

Brown, Dr. Thomas Louis, Ottawa, Ont 32

Brown, George Wallace, M.D., F.T.M.C.,

M.C.P. & S.O., Port Arthur, Ont 422

Bruneau, Professor Orphire, V.S., Montreal,

Que !3°

Bryan, The late Jacob, Whitby, Ont 412

Bryant, G. G., Sherbrooke, Que 308

Budden, Hanbury Arthur, Montreal, Que.. . no

Bullock, Rev.W. H., M.A., Halifax, N.S. . . . 469

Bunn, John Robert, Rat Portage, Ont 463

Burch, George, St. Catharines, Ont 410

Burgess, Alexander Mackinnon, Ottawa, Ont. 9

Bush, The late John T., Niagara Falls, Ont . . 447

Calcutt, Henry, Peterboro, Ont 256

Callendar, Hugh Longbourne, B.A., Mont- real, Que 107

Cameron, Douglas C., Rat Portage, Ont 462

Camirand, Joseph Alphonse, Sherbrooke,

Que.. 298

Campbellford, Ont 178

Cannon, Lawrence John, LL.L., Quebec,

Que , , 66

Carreau, Joseph Pierre, LL.D., St. Johns,

Que 159

Carrier, Rev. Charles Edouard, Levis, Que. . 222

Carrier, The late Charles William, Levis, Que. 223

Carswell, Edward, Oshawa, Ont 320

Carter, Captain Richard Frederick, Niagara

Falls, Ont 437

Carter, Henry Bellin, Ottawa, Ont 37

Casey, Very Rev. Dominic J., Peterboro, Ont. 253 Casgrain, Hon. Thomas Chase, Q.C., LL.D.,

M.P.P., Quebec, Que 62

Gate, Charles Walter, Sherbrooke, Que. . . . . . 297

Chamberlain, Leonard Elie, Sherbrooke, Que. 300 Champagne, Rev. Isadore, Pointe Gatineau,

Que 196

Champagne, Cyrille H., St. Eustache, Que. . . 158

Champagne, Hon. Charles L., Montreal, Que. 122

Champagne, Hector, St. Eustache, Que 174

Champagne, Napoleon, Ottawa, Ont 42

Chapleau, S. E. St. Onge, Ottawa, Ont 14

Chapman, Edward A., Rat Portage, Ont 465

Chapman, William, Quebec, Que 94

Chappie, Thomas W., Uxbridge, Ont 413

Charbonneau, Louis, Montreal, Que 109

Chippawa, Ont 47 x

Choquet, L. A., St. Hyacinthe, Que 170

Choquette, P. A., LL.B., M.P., Montmagny,

Que 183

Church of Our Lady of Grace, Hull, Que. . . 380

Clarke, James Bond, Q.C., Toronto, Ont 393

Clarkson, Capt. C. J. P., Halifax, N.S 480

Cluxton, William, Peterboro, Ont 255

Cobourg, Ont 229

Colborne, Ont 209

Collingwood, Ont 376

Cook, Fred., Ottawa. Ont 28

Cook, H. G. A., L.D.S., Niagara Falls South,

Ont 447

Corbould, Charles, Orillia, Ont 328

Cormier, Zephirin Pierre, Sherbrooke, Que.. 310

Coughlan, Richard, M.D., Hastings, Ont.. .. 282

Courtney, John Mortimer, Ottawa, Ont 13

Couture, Joseph Alphonse, D.V.S., Quebec,

Que 53

Cowan, William, J.P., Ottawa, Ont 41

Crockett, Thomas, Riviere du Loup, Que.. . . 191

Crossen, The late James, Cobourg, Ont 233

Culbert, John, Brockville, Ont . . . . . 269

Danais, Amedee, L.D.S., Montreal, Que. . . . 102

Daniel, Rev. Walter, Port Arthur, Ont 422

Dastous, Louis Emmanuel Murray, Sher- brooke, Que 295

Dastous, Louis Antoine, Sherbrooke, Que. . . 294

Davie, George Taylor, Levis, Que 224

David, Maxmillian Olivier, St. Hyacinthe,

Que.. 172

Davidson, John Charles, Bracebridge, Ont. . . 349

Dawe, Elijah, Collingwood, Ont 375

Dawson, George, St. Catharines, Ont 408

Decelles, Alfred Duclos, Ottawa, Ont 19

Denis, Lieut.-Col A., St. Hyacinthe, Que — 166

Denis, J. A., Montreal, Que .... 107

Deny, Judge Elzear Antoine, LL.B., Quebec,

Que 53

Denys, Jean Baptiste, Montreal, Que 103

Desmarais, J. Odiloc, St. Hyacinthe, Que.. . . 164 Deziel, Rev. Louis Anselme, Notre Dame de

Beauport, Que 214

MEN OF CANADA.

Dobie, James 1!., Thessalon, Ont 379

D'Orsonnens, Eraste D'Odet, Hull, Que 257

Dorval, Dr. Eugene, Quebec, Que 60

Duucet, Ixmis, Coteau, Que 146

Dresser, Warren Sidney, Sherbrooke, Que. ... 306

Ducharme, Dominique, Montreal, Que 129

Duchene, John Duncan, D.V.S., St. Roch,

Quebec City, Que 58

Duffy, Rev. Francis .William, OrHlia, Ont.. .. 330 Dufresne, Joseph Adall>ert, D.V.S., Montreal,

Que 144

Duhamel, The late Joseph, Q.C., Montreal,

Que 117

Dunn, J. Morrison, B.A., L.L.H., deceased.. 475

Dupuis, Rev. J. F., D.D., Quebec, Que 70

Duquette, Alfred, Montreal, Que 314

Eaton, James Russell, Orillia, Ont 399

Edmanson, The late Tom, Bradford, Ont. . . . 345 Edwards, William Cameron, M.I'., Rockland,

Ont 219

Elie, J. A. M., M.D., Sherbrooke, Que 303

Elliott. Charles Edward, B.A., M.D., C.M.,

LR.C.S.E., Quebec, Que 56

Emerick, Henry, Bridgeburg, Ont 476

Fafard, Rev. Edward, St. Joseph de Levis,

Que 225

Farwell, George G., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont ... 381

Ferguson, John, Ottawa, Ont 22

Field, Cprilli Collard, M.P.P., Cobourg, Out. 232

Filteau, Francois Xavier, Hull, Que 261

Findlay, Jonathan, Montreal, Que 132

Fmley, W. Burton, Sherbrooke, Que 289

Fiset, Dr. Jean Baptiste Romauld, Rimouski,

Que 217

Fiset, Michael, M.D.L., Quebec, Que 95

Fleming, John Ramsay, Q.C., Ottawa, Out. . 205

Flett, John, Toronto, Ont 479

Flood, N., Quebec, Que 87

Ford, Joseph, Sr., Portneuf, Que 146

Fortier, Achille, Montreal, Que 119

Foster, Clarenden Attwood, M.I)., Bridge- water, Nova Scotia 284

Foster, James Gilchrist, Q.C., Halifax, N.S. . . 449

Foster, Thomas K., Ottawa, Ont 127

Fournier, Jos. A., St. Johns, Que. 153

Fowler, George Orchard, Colborne, Ont 211

Foy, Robert Edwin, Rat Portage, Ont 466

Fraser, Samuel, J.P., Midland, Ont 278

Fuller, Thomas, Ottawa, Ont 42

Gait, Ont 415

Gardner, Frank, Rat Portage, Ont 445

Garland, John M., Ottawa, Ont 37

Gauthier, Rev. Louis Augustin, St. Ba/ile,

Quebec 1 76

Gauvin, Narcisse, Riviirre du Ix>up, Que 192

Genest, Joseph Edouard, Sherbrooke, Que. . 299 Gibbons, Rev. James Alexander, Penetan-

guishene, Ont 329

Girouard, Henry, M.D., St. Johns, Que 283

Glasgow, Sinclair Holden, M.B., M.D., Wcl-

land, Ont 472

( foffatt, Thomas, Orillia, Ont ^32

Goodday, Horatio George, Quebec, Que 96

Goodman, Edwin, M.B., St. Catharines, Ont. 404

Gore Bay, Ont 369

Gosselin, Rev. Francis Xavier, Notre Dame

de I* vis, Que 221

Goulet, Joseph Jean, Montreal, Que 142

Goyette, Louise Calixte, Montreal, Que 108

Grace, John Dominick, Ottawa, Ont 95

Graham, George P., Brockville, Ont 270

Grandbois, Dr. Paul Etienne, M.P., Fraser-

ville, Que 160

( iravenhurst, Ont : 351

Greaves, The late Christopher Brooks, Mont- real, Que 133

Grierson, Lieut.-Col. George Hamilton,

Oshawa, Ont 321

Guelph, Ont 448

Haddock, Sheldon H., Chicago, U.S 204

Halifax, N.S 429

Hall, Maxwell, Huntsville, Ont 358

Hall, Robert Richard, Peterboro, Ont. 254

Haldane, The late James, Montreal, Que.. . . 128

Halsted, James A., Mount Forest, Ont 374

Hamel, J. A., St. Hyacinthe 169

Hamilton, Ont 395

Hara, Frederick North, Merritton, Ont 438

Hara, Joseph S., Menitton, Ont 438

Harvie, John Thompson, Gravenhurst, Ont. . 355

Hastings, Ont 281

Haynes, The late Daniel Curtiss, St.

Catharines Ont 405

Head, Edward Francis, Rat Portage, Ont. . . . 444

MEN

CANADA.

Hearn, Matthew Aylward, Q.C., Quebec, Que. 84

Heney, John, Ottawa, Ont 44

Henry, The Hon. Hugh McDonald, Halifax,

N.S .............. 452

Hevey, Isaac, St. Johns, Que 151

Heward, Edmund H., Montreal, Que 115

Hewson, Edward Ernest Julian, Penetan-

guishene, Ont. 342

Hewson, William Hutchinson, Penetan-

guishene, Ont 342

Hinton, The late Richard, Fort Erie, Ont. .. 477

Hodge, George Nelson, Sherbrooke, Que.. . . 291 Holland, Richard Henry, P.M., Port Hope,

Ont 339

Hose, Jacob, Rat Portage, Ont. 443

Howley, The late James A., Montreal, Que. 137

Hoy, The late Robert, Orillia, Ont 322

Hunter, George Andrew, Sault Ste. Marie,

Ont 382

Huntsville, Ont 356

Irwin, Houston, M. D., Warren, Ont 368

James, John T., Bridgeburg, Ont 477

Jarret, Frederick, St. Hyacinthe, Que 171

Jarvis, Charles William, Fort William, Ont. . . 464

Johnson, Peter A., Queenston, Ont 459

Jolicceur, George William Lachaine Dit, M.D.,

Quebec, Que 83

Jolicceur, Philippe Joseph, Quebec, Que. ... 76

Joron, Re'mis, N.P., Valleyfield, Que 194

Journet, Henry E., Quebec, Que 61

King, Henry Robert, Gravenhurst, Ont 355

King, The late Warden, Montreal, Que 125

Kingston, George Allan, Toronto, Ont 391

Knight, Wesley, St. Johns, Que. 156

Knowlson, James Baines, Lindsay, Ont 279

Laberge, Victor, Quebec, Que 69

Lachance, Joseph Thadee, Quebec, Que. ... 85

Laferriere, J. Olivier, Hull, Que 259

Laffin, Rev. Father Michael, Tracadie, Nova

Scotia 199

Lafleur, George, Quebec, Que 66

Laforest, J. O. Alfred, C.E., Montreal, Que.. 145

Lafortune, Rev. L. J., St. Jerome, Que 248

Lakefield, Ont, ..,,.,,, jg

Landry, Auguste Charles Philippe Robert,

Lieut.-Col., Beauport, Que 242

Larglai?, Joseph Alfred, Quebec, Que 69

Larocque, C. A., Si. Johns, Que 157

Larose, Rev. Joseph Alfred, Laprairie, Que. 227

Latimer, Robert A., Campbellford, Ont 181

Laurent, Rev. Peter Dominie, Lindsay, Ont.. 275

Lavalle, Charles, Montreal, Que 113

Lavergne, Joseph, M.P , Arthabaskaville,

Que 213

Lavery, Joseph Isaac, Quebec, Que 77

Lavoie, J. M., Ottawa, Ont 29

Lawrence, Henry D,, Sherbrooke, Que 291

Lebonte, Rev. Joseph, Felix Vegiard, Marie-

ville, Que , 226

Lebonte, Felix V., Marieville, Que 226

Lemieux, Rev. J. A., D.D., St. Marie de

Monnoir, Que. 212

Lemieux, Joseph Napoleon, St. Hyacinthe,

Que 168

Le Moine, James Macpherson, Quebe.c, Que. 92 Le Moine, Rev. Nathaniel, Halifax, N.S. .... 435 Lepine, John Baptiste, Maisonneuve, Que. . . 186

Lepine, Maglo:re, Maisonneuve, Que 414

Le Sage, Simeon, Quebec, Que 80

Lessard, Alphonse Joseph, M.D., Riviere du

Loup, Que 213

Letondal, Arthur Joseph Auguste, M.ontreal,

Que 123

Levis, Que .... 221

Lindsay, Ont 271

Little Current, Ont 373

Long, George, Sherbrooke, Que 302

Long, John Joseph, Collingwood, Ont 426

Long, Thomas, M.P.P., Collingwood, Ont... 426

Lord, J. R., Niagara Falls Centre, Ont 461

Lovekin, L. A. Magneis, Ottawa, Ont 19

Lytle, George, Lindsay, Ont 274

Macartney, Albert Edward, Penetanguishene,

Ont 344

MacDonald, John, Lindsay, Ont 273

Macdonald, Lieut.-Col. Charles John, Hali- fax, N.S 469

MacGrady, Henry Francis, Hull, Que 260

Mackay, John Maximilian, C.M., M.D.,

Quebec, Que 96

Mackenzie, Ross, Niagara Falls, Ont •...,•• 476

MIX < n- CANADA.

M.i.kenzie, Rev. William James, Chippawa,

..... 47»

Maclaren, The late James, Buckingham, Que. 45

Maclean, Donald Hector, B.A., Ottawa, Ont. 36

Macpherion, James, St. Johns, Que ........ 149

Marcotte, J. B., Sault an Kecollet, Que ..... 244

Marks, Thomas Henry, Perth, Ont ......... 182

M.irsil, Charles Victor Emmanuel, M.D., St.

l.u^.irlir, one ..................... . 185

M.irsil, Hon. Dr. David, St. Eustache, Que... 184

M.utineau, Dr. George Elie, (Quebec, Que. . . 66

M iM>n, Captain E. F., Peterboro, Ont ...... 251

M.isson, The late Marc Dnmase, Montreal,

Que. ...................... ... ..... 117

McArthur, James A., Sudbury, Ont ........ 360

McAvoy, Daniel, B.A , LL.B., Quebec, Que. 59

McClellan, James, Sr , Alion, Ont .......... 369

M. Qure, Firman, M.P.P., Truro, N.S ....... 467

McConkey, E., St. Johns, Que ............ 152

M« (!ormack, Andrew, Pembroke, Ont ...... 220

McDonnell, William, Lindsay, Ont ......... 273

McDonald, Judge Herbert Stone, Brockville,

Ont .............................. 267

McDonald, The late John James .......... 35

McGuire, Terence, Ottawa, Ont ........... 32

McKay, Alexander Keith, Orillia, Ont. ..... 479

McKay, Rev. Neil, D.D., Chatham, New

Brunswick ......................... 400

McKinnon, Rev. Duncan, Lockeport, Nova

Scotia ........ .................... 256

Mcl^eod, William Allan, Rat Portage, Ont . . 480

M< Millun, Alexander, Ottawa, Ont ......... 15

McMurtry, Major William J., Toronto, Ont... 388

McVeily, William, Ottawa, Ont ........... 205

Meissner, Carl August, Acadia Mines, N.S. . 454 Meredith, The late Henry Howard, Port

Hope, Ont ....................... 339

Midland, Ont ......................... 277

Millar, David Irvine, Gore Bay, Out ........ 372

Mitchell, James Simpson, Sherbrooke, Que... 296

Mitchell, William, Cobourg, Ont ........... 235

Monette, The late Francois, St. Jean d'lber-

ville, Que ......................... 150

Montizambert, Lieut.-Col. Charles Edward,

Quebec, Que ...................... 86

Montreal, Que ......................... 98

Moreau, Laurent, St. Johns, Que ........... 154

Morgan, James Choppin, M.A., Barrie, Ont. 318

Morrison, The late John, Montreal, Que.. . . 134

Morrison, Michael James, Ll-B, Quebec,

Que 6*

Mount Forest, Ont 374

Mowat, Hon. Sir Oliver, Q.C., M.F.P.,

LL.IX, Frontispiece.

Mowry, Bradley Roe, Gravenhurst, Ont. .... 354 Muir, The late Samuel Allan, M.I >.. L.R.CP.,

Truro, N.S 474

Muir, W. S., M.D., Truro, N.S 474

Mullin. Daniel I., D.V.S., Montreal, Que 104

Murphy, John Bernard, M.D., Brockville,

Ont....... 268

Murray, John C, Montreal, Que 112

Myers, Elgin, Orangeville, Qnt. . ...... ... 280

Nadeau, Joseph Alfred, Iberville, Qu»^ 175

Neads, Charles Edgar, Rat Portage, Ont 448

Neale, Frederick Edward, Chatham, N.B — 206

Niagara Falls, Ont 455

Nichols, William L., Thessalon, Ont. ..... ... 377

Nihan, Thomas, St. Catharines, Ont 460

N'immo, Richard, L.D.S., Peterboro, Ont.. . . 252

Noble, Edward, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 382

Norman, Very Rev. R. W., D.D., D.C.L.,

Quebec, Que 76

North Bay, Ont 363

Oliver, Thomas, Campbellford, Ont 181

O'Malley, Rev. Dominic Thomas, Niagara

Falls, Ont 427

O'Reilly, John, Ottawa, Ont 31

Orillia, Ont 323

Oshawa, Ont 319

Ottawa, Ont 5

Owen, Charles Lewis, Campbellford, Ont 180

Paquet, Etienne Theodore, Quebec, Que — 72 Paradis, Joseph Gaudiose, M.D., Montmagny,

Que 182

Parent, Francois, Beauport, Que 241

Parizeault, August, St. Hyacinthe, Que 165

Parsons, Jonathan, B.A., Halifax, N.S 450

Parsons, W. J., North Bay, Ont 366

Patterson, Wm., M.D., V.S., Montreal, Que. in

Paul, Alexander, Sudbury, Ont 363

Payment, Aid. Thomas I >it, I^ariviere, Ottawa,

Ont. 25

Peachy, Joseph Ferdinand, J.P., Quebec, Que. 58

Peaker, Edwin Allan, Toronto, On( ........ 394

486

CANADA.

Pelletier, Jean Marie Joseph Pantaleon,

M.D., East Sherbrooke, Que 292

Pelletier, The Hon. Charles Alphonse Pan- taleon, C.M.G., Q.C.P.C., Quebec, Que. 75 Perley, The late William Goodhue, Ottawa,

Out 8

Peterboro, Out 249

Peters, Frederic Gillespie, Montreal, Que 141

Petet, Edouard, Hull, Que 262

Petit, Pierre Francois Ernest, St. Jerome, Que. 239

Pike, Matthew MacDougall, Ottawa, Ont. . . 46

Pilkey, Peter J., Fort William, Ont 480

Pittman, Rev. Henry Herbert, M.A., Halifax,

N.S 4S1

Port Arthur, Ont 423

Porter, Rev. George Haughton, M.A., B.D.,

St. Johns, Que 148

Port Hope, Ont. .;.... 335

Pouliot, Joseph Norbert, Q.C., Rimouski,

Que 217

Pouliot, Joseph Elzear, Riviere du Loup,

Que , 193

Power, Augustus, B.C.L., Q.C., Ottawa, Ont. 40

Preston. Edward Austin, St. John, N.B 201

Prevost, Hon. Wilfrid, St. Jerome, Que.... 258 Price, Herbert Molesworth, Montmorency

Falls, Quebec, Que 88

Proctor, The late Charles Daggett, Montreal,

Que. 126

Proulx, Rev. John Baptiste, St. Lin, Que . . 247

Provan, James White, Oshawa, Ont 321

Purcell, Hon. John Daly, Montreal, Que. ... 121

Queenston, Ont 457

Quebec, Que , 47

Radford, Isaiah Cann, Montreal, Que 203

Ranger, David, Ottawa, Ont 27

Rat Portage, Ont 439

Ratio, Louis, Montreal, Que 105

Richardson, The late Joshua, Whitby, Ont. . 412 Richey, Matthew H., Q.C., D C.L., Halifax,

N.S 436

Rimouski, Que. 213

Riou, Samuel Charles, A.B , Fraserville, Que. 177

Riviere du Loup, Que 187

Robb, George J., Moncton, N.B 202

Robertson, Rev. John L., M.A., Gore Bay,

Ont 371

Robertson, Peter, Port Hope, Ont 336

Robertson, Duncan, Ottawa, Ont 18

Robinson, James, Rat Portage, Ont 443

Robinson, Samuel Skeffington, Orillia, Ont . . 328

Rogers, Samuel, Toronto, Ont 392

Rogers, The late George, Montreal, Que 1 2'8

Rogers, The late Samuel, Ottawa, Ont 38

Roleau, Rev. Thomas Gregoire, Quebec, Que. 79 Rorabeck, Arthur Cecil, Phm.B., North Bay,

Ont 367

Ross, Aaron, Port Perry, Ont. 350

Ross, William, Port Perry, Ont 350

Ross, The late Hon. James Gibb, Quebec,

Que 82

Rouleau, Canon Luke, Rimouski, Que 216

Routhier, Hon. Judge, A.B., LL.l)., Lit. 1).,

F.R S.C., Quebec , Que 85

Roy, Very Rev. J. H., Sherbrooke, Que 293

Russell, William, Niagara Falls, Ont 428

Ryan, The late Roderick, Ottawa, Ont 30

Sacred Heart, The Convent of, Ottawa, Ont.. 24

Samuel, H., Sherbrooke, Que 304

Saucier, Joseph, Montreal, Que 120

Scarth, Archibald Campbell, M.A, Lennox-

ville, Que 4?8

Schooley, J. W., M.D., Wetland, Ont 475

Schwaller, The late Amatus, Thorold, Ont. . . 434

Scott, James, Toronto, Ont 389

Scott, David, Ottawa, Ont 10

Scott, Hon. Richard William, Q.C., LL.D.,

P.C., Ottawa, Ont 13

Seifert, Carl Emil, Montreal, Que 1 16

Sewell, Rev. Edmund Willoughby, M.A.,

Quebec, Que. 90

Sharpe, James, Gravenhurst, Ont 354

Sherbrooke, Que 285

Simpson, Nelson, Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 381

Sipling, Joseph, B.S.C. and Q.B., Montreal,

Que 124

Skill, Lieut.-Col. Henry Herbert, Cobourg,

Ont 237

Slaven, J. W., J.P., Orillia, Ont 333

Small, Charles W., Uxbridge, Ont 388

Smith, George Rae, Acadia Mines, N.S 468

Smith, The late John Murray, Montreal, Que. 131

Smith, Paul Ernest, Quebec, Que 75

Snelgrove, Major Henry J., J.P., Cobourg,

Ont ,,.. 234

MEN or CANADA.

Snyder, Ix>uis Philip, North Bay, Ont 365

Sparks, Nicholas Charles, Ottawa, Ont 33

Spohn, Philip Howard, M.D., M.P., Pene-

tangui&hene, Ont 330

Stairs, John Fitzmaurice, M.P., Halifax. N.S. 433

St. Catharines 401

Steckel, Ixjuis Joseph Rend, C.E, Ottawa,

Ont u

Stevens, Ernest, Coteau landing, Que 145

Stevenson, Thomas, J.P., Orangeville, Ont. . 288

Stewart, B. Frank, Orillia, Ont 331

Stewart, Peter, Ottawa, Ont 31

Stewart, The late William, M.P.P., Ottawa,

Ont 14

St. Hyacinthe, Que 161

St. Jacques, Olivier, M.D., St. Hyacinthe,

Que 167

St. Johns, Que 147

St. Louis, Joseph de, Chambly Basin, Que.. . 312

St. Pierre, J. N., St. Roch, Quebec, Que .... 86

Stratton, William Armstrong, Peterboro, Ont. 254

Strong, The late William, Bradford, Out 318

Stroud, The late William Dicker, Montreal,

Que 1 36

Stuart, Charles, " Ballintruan," near Port

Hope, Ont 329

Stuart, William, Ottawa, Ont 23

Sudbury, Ont 360

Sutherland, Hugh McKay, Winnipeg, Man. 206

Sutherland, Walter, M.D., Valleyfield, Que. . 197

Sykes, William, Cobourg, Ont 236

Tache, Louis, LL.B., Rimouski, Que 215

Tache, Eugene Etienne, Quebec, Que 91

Taggart, William Stuart, Ottawa, Ont 43

Tail, Andrew, Orillia, Ont 327

Tanguay, George Emile, Quebec, Que 63

Tanguay, Monsgr. Cyprian, Ottawa, Ont 20

Taschereau, His Eminence Elzear Alexan- der, Quebec, Que 64

Taylor, John, Ottawa, Ont 39

Taylor, The late Robert, Montreal, Que. . . 138

Taylor, The late James, St. Catharines, Ont. . 409

Taylor, The late Major, Cobourg, Ont 409

Tempest, The late William Scott, Port

Hope, Ont. 340

Tessier, Auguste, Rimouski, Que 218

Therrien, C. E., Sherbrooke, Que 290

Thessalon, Ont 378

Thomas, Alphonse, I^aprairie, Que 225

Thomas, The late Henry, Montreal, Que — 135 Thompson, Henry Horace, Penetanguishene,

Ont 343

Thompson, Alfred Burke, Peneianguigheue,

Ont 344

Thompson, William McMaster, Penetangui- shene, Ont 343

Thompson, The late James, Quebec, Que. . 54

Toronto, Ont 383

Torrey, Ingersoll Thomas, (Jravenhurst, Ont. 356 Trayes, William Francis, Port Hope, Ont. . . 337 Trayes, The late John Brooke, Port Hope,

Ont 337

Trihey, The late Thomas, Montreal, Que.. 118

Turnbull, William, Huntsville, Ont 359

Valade, Francois Xivier, M.I)., Ottawa, Ont. 21

Valleyfield, Que 195

Vanpoucke, Jacques, Montreal, Que 114

Vanpoucke, Louis, Montreal, Que 143

Veronneau, Rev. Jean Bjptiste, St. fran

Baptiste, Que 208

Vervais, Leon, Bougie, Que 246

Vigars, Richard, Port Arthur, Ont 425

Vincent, Joseph Louis, Montreal, Que 127

Vinet, Charles F., Sault au Recollet, Que. . . . 243

Wade, Edward Harper, Quebec, Que 89

Wait, The late George, Montreal.. Que * 18

Walters, Henry, Lindsay, Ont 274

Ward, Henry Alfred, Port Hope, Ont 338

Ward, George Charles, Port Hope, Ont 338

Warren, Frank, M.B., C.M., Whitby, Ont... 410

Warren, Ont 367

Watson, James, deceased, St. Catharines, Ont. 406

Way, John B., Sault Ste. Marie, Ont 382

Welland, Ont. 470

Whitby, Ont 411

White, Hon. Peter, M.P., Pembroke, Ont... 228

White, Judge William, Sherbrooke, Que 309

Wickstead, Major Horatio Asprey, Ottawa,

Ont 26

Willett, Samuel Thomas, Chambly Canton,

Que 311

Williams, Madison, Port Perry, Ont 353

Willoughby, William Armr.on, M.I)., M.P.P.,

Colborne, Ont 210

Wilson, George, J.P., Port Hope, Ont 340

Winter, Charles Francis, Ottawa, Ont 17

Woodruff, Samuel DeVeaux, St. Catharines,

Ont 407

Young, T. Ainslie, M.A., Quebec, Que 74

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY

AN APPENDIX

I- •

THE CANADIAN ALBUM: MEN OF CANADA

OR,

SUCCESS BY EXAMPLE.

A TREATISE ON CHARACTER AND CAPACITY, ruvixu THE SCIENCE AND THEORY OF

CHARACTER READING.

SETTING FORTH IX PLAIN LANOUAOE THE RULES RY WHICH A MAX MAY KNOW HIMSELF,

AXI) MORE PARTICULARLY HOW THE CHARACTER, DISPOSITION AXD ADAPTATION

OF ADULTS AND CHILDREN' MAY RE CLEARLY READ.

A Work of great importance to Parents and to all engaged in Training

the Youth of the Country.

IT CONTAINS INFORMATION ESSENTIAL TO YOUNG MEX AND WOMEN TO AID THEM IN CHOOSING THEIR AVOCATIONS IN LIFE.

HOW TO READ CHARACTER AT A GLANCE.

Character in the Body.

Character in the Head and Face.

Character in the Eyes and Nose.

Character in the Mouth and 'Walk.

A TIMELY WORK FOR ALL CLASSES. BY THE

REV. W. J. HUNTER, D. D.,

GRADUATE OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHRENOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY.

BRANTFORI), ONTARIO: HKAIM.KV, C. AURETSON & Co.

NUMBER AND DEFINITION OF THE ORGANS; WITH AN EXPLANATION OF THE EMBLEMATICAL HEAD, OR THE ORGANS IN ACTION.

1. A. 2. 3. 4.

E.

Ainativeness, Love between the sexes. Cupid shoots his dart. Conjugality, Matrimony — love of one. The bridal day — "Till death do us part." Parental love, Regard for offspring, pets, etc. "Hush, my babe, lie still and slumber." Friendship, Adhesiveness — sociability. " Best friend, my well-spring in the wilderness.'1 Inhabitiveness, Love of Home. Home; the centre of the mind, the nest of the heart —

"There is no place like home."

Continuity, One thing at a time. He waits and plods — he stoops to conquer. Vitativeness, Love of life. Never say die. The good man is immortal till his work is done.

ti r. mil-am riirs.-v Kt-.i«.taiu-f .l.-t'.-n>.-. Tread on my coat-tail if you dare.

7. Destructiveness, Executiveneas — force. He can slay an ox, dissect a body, or tunnd a

mountain.

8. Alimentiveness, Appetite — hunger. "Serenely full, the epicure would say, Fate cannot

harm me, I have dined to-day."

9. Acquisitiveness, Accumulation. He smiles, for customers are plenty.

10. Secretiveness, Policy — management. Sly as a fox, he plans in the dark.

11. Cautiousness, Prudence — provision. "And look before you ere you leap ; For as you

sow y'are like to reap. '

12. Approliativeness, Ambition — display. " Studious to please, yet not ashamed to fail."

13. Self-esteem, Self-respect — dignity. " I to myself am dearer than a friend."

14. Firmness, Decision — perseverance. " In the lexicon of youth, w^ich fate reserves for

a bright manhood, there is no such word as — fail."

15. Conscientiousness, Justice — equity. She holds the scales in n'rm, impartial hand

10. Hope, Expectation— enterprise. 'Hope will make thee young, for Hoj>e and Youth are

the children of one mother, even Love." 17. Spirituality, Intuition — faith — credulity. "Instructs you how to adore the heavens;

and IKJWH you to morning's holy office.

IM. Veneration, Devotion — respect. "Honor all men ; fear God; honor the king.' lf\ Benevolence, Kindness — goodness. "Kind hearts are more than coronets."

20. Constructiveness, Mechanical ingenuity. Invention is the wealth of nations.

21. Ideality, Refinement — taste — purity. Imagination rules the world, refinement purities it.

B. Sublimity, Love of grandeur — infinitude. Heaven, earth, and sea are full of wonders.

22. Imitation, Copying — patterning. An actor on the stage ; a master in mechanics.

28. Mirthfulness, Jocoseness — wit — fun. "He that is of a merry heart hath a continual

24. Individuality, Observation — desire to see. "I came, I saw, I conquered." [feast."

25. Form, Recollection of shape. He fashions and shapes things in his eye. 2(J. Size, Measuring by the eye. He measures at a glance.

27. Weight, Balancing — climbing. He weighs without scales, and climbs without fear.

28. Color, Judgment of colors. He notes the beautiful shadings in the realm of Nature and

the domain of Art.

29. Order, Method — system — arrangement. A place for everything.and everything in its place.

30. Calculation, Mental arithmetic. The faculty of Number distinguishes men from ani-

mals and civilization from barbarism.

31. Locality, Recollection of places. Geography is the science of place, and Locality is the

basis of geography.

32. Eventuality, Memory of facts. "Recollection is the only paradise from which we can-

not be turned out."

33. Time, Cognizance of duration. Time is present to take note, though we note not his

flight. This organ is co-ordinate with tune.

34. Tune, Sense of harmony and melody. Music has no human father: it came down from

heaven.

'•}">. Language, Expression of ideas. "Think all you speak; but speak not all you think." .'»(). Causality, Applying causes to effect. ''Find out the cause of this effect; or, rather say,

the cause of this delect; for this effect defective comes by cause." 37. Comparison, Inductive reasoning — illustration. "And He spake many things unto

them in parables."

C. Human Nature, Perception of motives. "As a man thinketh in his heart so is he." As

he believes he acts : as he loves he lives.

D. Agreeableness, Pleasantness — suavity. "If a man will have friends he must show him-

self friendly."

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

PHRENOLOOY AND PHYSIOQNOIVLY.

BY THE REV. \V. J. HUNTER, D.D. Graduate of the American Institute of Phrenologv and Anthropology.

Phrenology is a system of mental philosophy based on the anatomy and physi- ology of the human body in general, and the human brain in particular. It is at once a science and an art. As a science it deals with the existence of the human mind and the modes of its action as manifested through physical organs. As an art it consists in judging from the head and face, and from the body as well, the natural disposition and mental capabilities of men and women. The science of phrenology is based on observation, and its deductions rest upon a basis similar to that of all the physical sciences. Take for example an oak or a pine tree ; ob- servation and analysis determine the peculiar qualities of each, so that we are able to predicate certain qualities of .oak and pine wherever we find them. By this method of observation and induction, the sciences of botany, chemistry, geology, etc., etc., have been built up ; and this method of studying mind and its manifesta- tions is the only one that can supply a proper basis for a true system of mental philosophy.

What is mind ? Is it material or spiritual ? Is it an entity distinct from the body, and independent of physical organs in its manifestations ? What are its faculties, and are they innate in the mental constitution and developed by educa- tion ? These, and similar questions have forced themselves upon the thoughtful from the days of the early Greek philosophers until now.

Pythagoras, who nourished 500 years before Christ, located the thinking principle in the head. Democritus shared the same opinion. Plato placed the ra- tional powers in the head and assigned the passions to the bowels; and in our day it is common to say of an ill-tempered man "his liver is out of order," or " his spleen troubles him."

Someone has quaintly said " he needs either repentance or pills."

Aristotle propounded a scheme resembling that of phrenology. He divided the brain into three parts, and located common sense in the anterior ; imagination, judgment, and reflection in the centre ; and memory in the posterior, In later years a class of philosophers arose who claimed that the principle of life is located

ill! I.NOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY

in the blood and that the mind or soul is the vapor of the blood'highly refined by the membranes of the brain. The principle of life thus located in the blood was said to digest food in the stomach, secrete bile in the liver, and think in the brain.

Then followed the era of metaphysics, discursive and speculative. Systems of mental philosophy were built up, claiming to give a correct analysis of the mind ; but how widely these systems differ in opinion every student of mental philosophy must know. I can confidently appeal to every student of metaphysics and every college graduate when I affirm that of all our studies, that of mental philosophy is the most unsatisfactory. Dr. Reid assails the philosophy of Locke and Hume; Stewart differs from Reid ; Dr. Brown assails the fabric of Stewart. As a dis- tinguished scholar puts it, " The history of mental philosophy is but a history of a cycle of these disputes. One theory arising in one age and supported by some eminent thinker is popular for a time, then gradually loses its hold upon men and glides into the realm of forgetfulness, to be revived in another age, only to undergo the same painful road of popularity, opposition, and neglect. The cause of failure to establish a science of mind and character is apparent. Each philosopher has endea- vored to evolve a science of mind from his own self-consciousness, and the result has been confusion upon confusion ; for each philosopher has acknowledged as funda- mental faculties, only those which were the most prominent in his own mind. They scorned an appeal to observation, all their fundamental faculties rested upon the testimony of each individual consciousness, and were subject to its ever-varying changes and fanciful modes ; they were not connected with organs ; they had no physical seat in brain or body ; without a resting-place, devoid of bones and flesh, instead of observing the action of men to find what was in others' consciousness, they sought to find the faculties of mind solely by self-introspection." Such was the condition of metaphysical philosophy (and such its condition very largely to day) when Dr. Francois Joseph Gall, the founder of phrenology, was born at Tiefenbrunn, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, on the 9th of March, 1757.

Arrived at the age of manhood he chose medicine as his profession, and hav- ing completed his studies, established himself at Vienna. He rose rapidly as a physician, and gained a high rank as a man of science. He propounded the theory of mental science known as phrenology, and attracted troops of converts, amongst whom was the distinguished Dr. Spurzheim, also a German. It will thus be seen that the founders of phrenology were not charlatans, quacks, or pretenders, but men of the highest eminence in the medical profession and in scientific circles. It must be confessed that this beautiful science has suffered sadly at the hands of bogus professors, but so has Christianity itself, and the proof of the reality of both is found in their survival in spite of quackery and pretence.

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY

The late Henry Ward Beecher in one of his published sermons, gives this testimony. " And I may say here, what I have never said before in the pulpit, that the views of the human mind as they are revealed by phrenology, are those views which have underlaid my whole ministry ; and if I have had any success in bring- ing the truths of the Gospel to bear practically on the minds of men, any success in the vigorous application of truths to the wants of the human soul, where they are most needed, I owe it to the clearness which I have gained from this science, and I would not ask for the members of my family, nor of a church, any better pre- paration for religious indoctrination, than to put them into possession of such a practical knowledge of the human soul as is given by Phrenology .... Not that I regard the system as a completed one, but that I regard it as far more use- ful and far more practical and sensible than any other system of mental philosophy which has yet been evolved. Certainly, phrenology has introduced mental philo- sophy to the common people. Hitherto, mental philosophy has been the business of philosophers and metaphysicians — and it has been just about as much business as they needed for their whole lives ; but since the day of phrenology, its nomen- clature, its simple and sensible division of the human mind, and its mode of analyz ing it, has brought the human mind within the reach and comprehension of ordin- ary, common, intelligent people. The learned professions may do what they please, the common people will try these questions, and will carry the day, to say nothing of the fact that all the great material and scientific classes, though they do not con- cede the truth of phrenology, are yet digesting it, and making it an integral part of the scientific systems of mental philosophy."

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES.

The fundamental principles of phrenology are the following : i. The brain is the organ of the mind. 2. Size of brain, other things being equal, is the measure of power. 3. The mind, although a unit, is composed of several faculties, each faculty having its special or separate organ in the brain, through which it operates and manifests itself, 4, The physiological conditions of the body affect mental manifestation. 5. Any faculty may be improved, increased or diminished by pro- per cultivation. 6. Every faculty is God- given, normally good, but liable to per- version.

It will not be needful to attempt any extended proof of the first principle, the brain is the organ of the mind, as this fact is now universally admitted. But when Dr. Gall propounded this theory he was bitterly opposed by the physicians, anatomists, and physiologists of his clay ; and not until he had presented an unan- swerable array of facts, psychological, anatomical and physiological, did he silence his

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

opponents and compel assent to a proposition now acknowledged by all scientists. When we say the brain is the organ of the mind we do not convey the idea that the brain itself is the mind, nor on the other hand that mind is material. We en ter not here on the subtle metaphysical distinctions between body, soul, and spirit. It is enough to say that in this article we understand by the word mind the living principle, the Ego, the man inside the bodily frame-work, that within which constitutes my special identity, "which thinks and knows, wishes and desires, which the body cannot do." Take an illustration. A blacksmith stands at an anvil con- verting a piece of iron into a horse shoe ; a man and his little boy look on, when the father asks " What is making the horse-shoe ?" " The hammer," replies the boy. " No, my son, not the hammer." " Then the handle of the hammer is mak- ing the shoe." "No, not the handle." " Then the arm of the blacksmith is mak- ing the shoe." " No, not the arm ; the hammer, the handle, the arm of the blacksmith are but the organs or instruments through which the man inside oper- ates and manifests himself."

A simple illustration of this kind will indicate what me mean when we call the brain the organ of the mind ; it is the instrument through which the soul operates and manifests itself while in the body.

Medical journals abound with incidents which prove that the brain is the in- strument through which we think, and speak, and act. Sir Ashley Cooper and Prof. Chapman relate cases in which, when a portion of the skull was removed and the brain exposed, consciousness could be suspended at will by simply pressing on the exposed surface with the fingers and the moment the pressure was removed, con- sciousness returned And so in the case of swooning or fainting ; the blood is rapidly withdrawn from the brain, and consciousness is suspended.

The second fundamentaj principle of phrenology is that size of brain, other things being equal, is the measure of power. That size, other things being equal, is the measure of power, is a principle which prevails throughout the whole realm of nature. Take two pieces of pine timber twelve inches square, cut out of the same tree, and one piece is as strong as the other ; but take two pieces of timber, one pine and the other hickory and we know which is the stronger. hey are the same size, but not the same quality. The same law prevails in the animal world. A compact, well-built French pony will work to death a poorly-built, slab-sided horse of sixteen hands, but of inferior organic quality. And this is equally true of men and women, as we shall have occasion to show when we come to speak of temperament as an important factor in the estimate of human character.

A low degree of mental power is always associated with a small brain. The average circumference of a full-sized head is 22 inches in the male, and 21 in the

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

female. A 23 inch head is large, and a 24 inch head very large. When we find the head of a full-grown man measuring but 13 inches we have total idiocy. The brain is so cramped and fettered that it cannot operate as the instrument of thought and reason. Death is a benediction to the idiot, for it liberates the soul from its imprisonment, and in five minutes the dead idiot knows more than the living Plato ; and in the resurrection morning the body will come forth without blemish or defect.

Prof. Graves, of Dublin says: " In all cases where the difference between the intellectual powers is extreme, there also we invariably find a striking difference between the form and size of their skulls,the most highly gifted always presenting a greater relative proportion of brain." Prof. Flint in his valuable work on physio- logy says : — " It may be stated as a general proposition that, in the different^ races of men, the brain is developed in proportion to their intellectual power ; and in dif- ferent individuals of the same race, the same general rule obtains." The average weight of the brain in man is about 49 ounces, in woman 44 ounces, but woman's brain is heavier than man's in proportion to the weight of the whole body, and it is crenerally of a finer texture — a fact which proves that in mental capacity woman is man's equal, if not his superior — Daniel Webster's brain weighed 63^ oz ; Aber- crombie's 63 oz, while that of the Russian novelist Tourgenieff reached the extraor- dinary weight of 65 oz, Dr. Davis, of England, examined 1800 human skulls of dif- ferent nationalities, and reports the average capacity of the European skull as 92 cubic inches; that of the Asiatic 88 ; the African 86 ; the Australian 81. Dr. Mor- ton, of Philadelphia, made a similar examination of 1000 skulls, and his conclusion is that the Caucasian brain is the largest. The Mongolian next ; the Malay and the American Indian smaller, and the Ethiopian smallest of all. The German head is different from the English in its greater roundness ; the facial bones are broad, the chin wide and square, the nose rather broad and prominent. The German is by organization a scholar, a metaphysician, an investigator, a critic and a doubter ; but his mind is so speculative that while he makes many discoveries, he generally leaves it to others to utilize them. The typical Englishman is a modified Teuton with a strong infusion of the Gothic in his organization and character.

The English head takes the first place in point of size among all the rations and tribes of earth. It is well developed in the region of the reflective faculties, broad from ear to ear, indicating executive force, and high in the region of firmness. These peculiarities are the secret of English domination in the four quarters of the globe. The English are broadly built, stout, full of vitality, proud, self reliant, en ergetic, persevering, sometimes bluff in manner and speech, but tender and kind at heart. Brain is poioer ; and when you have enough of it, and have it in the right part of the skull, and have a physical system to sustain it, you need not fear the world.

The head of the Scotch is longer and proportionately narrower than that of the English. The Scotch are ambitious, observing, executive, stubborn, economical, cautious, reserved and polite. The Irish are in the main Celtic, though in the north they much resemble the Scotch, The typical Irishman is ardent, enthusiastic, patri- otic, religious, witty, lively, sensitive and kind-hearted. The French head is smaller with large perceptives but moderate reflectives. The French are quick observers, fond of dress and ornaments, lively and witty in conversation, models of politeness, fearless and dashing soldiers, but not so persistent as the English and Germans.

I'lll I N-'I.'M.V AND I'llVSl'M. \o\IV.

In reading character phrenology looks, not merely at the size of brain, but asks, in what part of the skull is the principal part of the brain found ? If forward and upward of the opening of the ears it predicates intellectuality. If directly over the ears and in the back nead, it predicates a preponderance of the selfish and social propensities. A full development of the side head, forward of the ears, indicates the mechanic, the inventor, the artist, and the musician.

A full development of the top head indicates veneration, religion, benevolence and the moral sentiments. Neither does an educated phrenologist search for "bumps," for hills and hollows on the head. It may be as round and even as a billiard-ball. He judges of the strength of any faculty from the length of the nerve fibre of the brain from the opening of the ear to the location of the faculty in question. Bump- ology is a humbug; phrenology is a science. If you should pass a wire from the opening of one ear, through the head to the opening of the other ear, you would strike, what anatomists call the medulla oblongata, or the capitol of the spinal column, — the point at which the entire nervous system is connected with the brain. From this point the nerve fibres run in every direction to the surface of the brain, just as the spokes of a wheel run from the hub, and consequently an organ is large in proportion to the distance from the brain centre, to the surface where the organ is located. And this brings us to a third and most important principle of phrenol- ogy, viz, The mind, although a unit, is composed of several faculties, each faculty having its special or separate organ in the brain, through which it operates and manifests itself. This is the proposition which elicits the keenest debate and which medical men have denied and ridiculed, I ought to say some medical men, for not a few of the most eminent in that important profession now accept the principles of phrenology as a science, while they question its utility as an art. For a long time it was urged as an objection, that if the brain was made up of several organs through each of which some faculty of the mind operates, anatomy would show these separ- ate organs partitioned off from all others. But every anatomist knows that the nerves of motion and of sensation lie side by side in the same nerve sheath, and no parti- tion walls are built up between them. Nay more, you may place before the most skilful anatomist the nerves of the senses, and by nothing in their structure or sub- stance can he determine which is a nerve of sight and which a nerve of hearing. On the other hand, the proofs that particular portions of the brain are the organs through which particular faculties of the mind operate are so cumulative and convincing that no reputable anatomist dare give them a flat denial. I have before me " Kirke's Hand-book of Physiology," a standard text-book in English, American and Cana- dian medical schools, and I quote the following from page 129: " But it is possible that each faculty has a special portion of the brain appropriated to it as its proper organ. For this theory the principal evidences are as follows ; — i. That it is in ac- cordance with the physiology of the compound organs or systems in the body, in which each part has its special function ; as, for example, of the digestive system in which the stomach, liver, and other organs perform each their separate share in the general process of the digestion of the food. 2. That in different individuals the several mental functions are manifested in very different degrees. Even in early childhood, before education can be imagined to have exercised any influence on the mind, children exhibit various dispositions — each presents some predominant propen- sity, or evinces a singular aptness in some study or pursuit ; each one has his pecu-

IO PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

liar talent or propensity. But it is difficult to imagine how this could be the case, if the manifestation of each faculty depended on the whole of the brain. Different conditions of the whole mass might affect the mind generally, depressing or exalt- ing all its functions in an equal degree, but could not permit one faculty to be strong- ly and another weakly manifested. 3, The plurality of organs in the brain is sup- ported by the phenomena of some forms of mental derangement.

It is not usual for all the mental faculties in an insane person to be equally dis- ordered ; it often happens that the strength of some is increased, while that of others is diminished ; and in many cases one function only of the brain is derang- ed, while all the rest are performed in a natural manner. 4. The same opinion is supported by the fact that the several mental faculties are developed to their great- est strength at different periods cf life, some being exercised with great energy in childhood, others only in adult age ; and that, as their energy decreases, in old age, there is not a gradual and equal diminuition of power in all of them at once, but, on the contrary, a diminuition in one or more, while others retain their full strength, or even increase in power. 5. The plurality of cerebral organs appears to be in dicated by the phenomena of dreams, in which only a part of the mental faculties are at rest or asleep, while the others are awake, and, it is presumed, are exercised through the medium of the parts of the brain appropriated to them." This is just what phrenology teaches, and we need not enlarge on this admirable presentation of proofs in favor of the proposition that each faculty of the mind has its appropri ate organ in the brain, through which it operates and manifests itself.

But we must not overlook the next fundamental principle, viz., The physio logical conditions of the body affect mental manifestation. This will lead us to a glance at what we call

TEMPERAMENT.

The word means the mixing together, in certain proportions, of those physi- cal elements which compose the human body. The most ancient classification of the temperaments is that made by Hippocrates, "the father of medicine." Ac- cording to his theory, the temperaments hinge on four primary components of the human body — the blood, the phlegm, the yellow bile, and the black bile. A pre- ponderance of blood gives the sanguine temperament ; phlegm, the phlegmatic ; yellow bile, the choleric ; black bile, the melancholic. Later classifications give the lymphatic, the sanguine, the bilious, and the nervous temperaments. Phren- ology has eliminated from the old systems all the abnormal conditions, and has placed the doctrine of the temperaments on a strictly anatomical and physiological basis ; and no one can read character from the head and face without a knowledge of physiology and temperament. The phrenological classification reduces the tem- peraments to three : — I. The motive or mechanical ; 2. The vital or nutritive ; 3. The mental or nervous. The motive temperament includes the bones, muscles, and ligaments.

It is characterized as follows : — The bones are proportionately large, long rather than broad ; the muscles are hard and strong ; the joints prominent ; the figure generally tall ; the shoulders broad and definite : the face oblong ; the coun tenance grave and determined — sometimes severe and stern. This temperament

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

I I

indicates strong, positive traits of character ; men who like to rule and command : strong and constant in love and friendship, but bitter and persistent in opposition and enmity.

The vital temperament is found in the nutritive system, and embraces the lymphatics, the blood vessels, and the glands ; or in other words, the organs of absorption, circulation, and secretion. Persons of this temperament have full chest ; abdomen well developed ; limbs plump and tapering ; hands and feet relatively small ; neck short and thick ; shoulders broad and well rounded ; head and face inclined to

FIG. 1.— MOTIVE TEMPERAMENT.

roundness ; manner easy and graceful ; senses active, acute, and refined ; quick and passionate, but easily calmed ; fluent and impassioned ; ardent and sincere in love and friendship, but inclined to be fickle.

The mental temperament is based on the nervous system, and is the result of education, cultivation and refinement. It is seldom found among barbarous, and never among savage tribes. The frame is relatively slight and the head relatively large ; high, pale forehead ; oval face ; delicately cut if not sharp features ; soft,

FIG. 2. — VITAL TEMPERAMENT.

FHJ. 3. — MKNTAL TEMPERAMKNT.

transparent skin ; fine, soft hair, and bright eyes ; refined tastes and feelings ; fond of litera- ture, poetry, and fine arts ; seldom become criminals, drunkards, or debauchees, but go to ruin like a landslide when they do. In every human being, these three temperaments exist in certain proportions, and their relative devel- opment largely determines character and dis- position.

PHYSIOGNOMY.

This term is compounded from two Greek words, and signifies "a knowledge of nature." In its application to human nature it means "a knowledge of the relation between the external and the internal, and the signs through which the

I2 PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

character of the mind is indicated by the shape and form of the body. It is based on phrenology, and a knowledge of the latter is essential to a knowledge of the for- mer Much as some people may laugh at physiognomy, all people practice it in their associations in life ; and such a book as "The Canadian Album; Men of Canada, or Success by Example," will afford an excellent opportunity for the ap- plication of its principles ; and its principles are as true as nature, for they are founded on natural law. Take this principle for example : " Differences of ex- ternal form are the result and measure of pre-existing differences of internal char- acter." That is to say, shape and form correspond with organization and function. In other words, the internal life moulds the external form. This is a law of nature. An expert botanist can determine from a leaf of a tree, the character of its flower and fruit ; an educated horticulturist can determine from a fruit the form and shape of the tree upon which it grew. Round apples always grow on round topped- trees, and oblong or pear shaped apples always grow on tall trees. In like manner the round head and face are found on the round plump shoulders and body, and the oblong head and face on the square shoulders and tall body.

Take another principle of physiognomy which is a law of nature. " Every part of a thing corresponds with every other part and with the whole." In other words — the whole is in every part. A scientist like Prof. Owen will take a single bone of an animal and from it describe the entire framework of the animal to which it belonged. Prof. Agassiz will do the same from a single scale of a fish. No one thinks of selecting a Clyde horse for a carnage, or a bull-dog to chase foxes. Two brothers on the farm may be very much alike in form and feature, but let one of them go to college and in five years what a change takes place in his appearance. He has cultivated his mental temperament ; and, as the mind, so is the body. To-day you look at a smiling, happy bride ; in ten years she is an aged, sad, and expressionless widow. The grief of the soul has traced its marks on the body. How soon do drunkenness and sensuality convert the handsome face of the young man into a bloated mass with the fire of hell shining through ? A thief looks like a thief ; a blood-thirsty villain looks like the character he is ; an idiot shows it in his face. Solomon was a physiognomist. He said : " The coun- tenance of the wise showeth wisdom, but the eyes of a fool are in the ends of the earth." " Where there is a high look, there is a proud heart. A wicked man hardeneth his heart." " A naughty person, a wicked man, walketh with a froward mouth. He winketh with his eyes ; he speaketh with his feet ; he teacheth with his fingers." But the phrenologist does not read character simply from the shape and form, and expression of the face, for appearances sometimes deceive. He has *' a more sure word of prophecy " in a knowledge of those beautiful and immutable laws which govern the realm of nature in creation and in all subsequent develop- ment.

UTILI1Y OF PHRENOLOGY.

The practical question which comes to the lip on reading an article like this, is, What good is phrenology ? Is it only a theory, or can it be reduced to the test of practicality ? My answer is, look at the world to-day and see what multitudes of people go through life in a long course of blundering experiment, only to be disappointed, baffled, and humiliated at every change, simply because they have

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

missed their calling in life, and are attempting that for which they have no natural adaptation. It is not true that if left to ourselves we will always choose the occu- pation to which we are adapted. Inclination is not always an evidence of inherent natural aptitude. Inclination grows very largely out of our surroundings in early life ; and so we find small-boned and slightly built young men, with a preponder- ance of the nervous temperament, choosing to be blacksmiths, or waggon makers, or farmers. The result. is that they break down early and go to a premature grave. It is a most serious reflection to parents, and to young men and women, when they stand on the threshold of life, and look out over the world of labor and capital, art and science, commerce and politics, trade and profession, that they must choose for their children, or the children must choose for themselves, some one out of all these occupations, and choose at their peril, or life is a failure. And in ten thou- sand homes to-day life is a failure, simply because men and women are attempting that for which God and nature never fitted and designed them. Round men in square holes, and square men in round holes ; men in the pulpit who ought to be at the plow, and men at the plow who ought to be in the pulpit. A study of human nature as taught in the numerous works on phrenology, would prevent many of these sad mistakes, and turn the feet of young- men into paths of useful- ness and happiness. Idleness is the mother of vice and crime. The cry in this country and in all other countries is that there is not sufficient employment for the people, and pauperism and crime are the result. That is a libel on the Creator. There is sufficient employment for every man, if every man were in his right place. The vast majority of men were made to till the soil, or for mechanical pursuits, and not for commerce, art, or professional life. We want at least a thousand far- mers and mechanics to one merchant, one doctor, one lawyer and one clergyman ; and yet the census of our country reveal the fact that more and more the people are leaving the country and crowding into the cities. Law, divinity, medicine, and merchandise are crowded, while broad acres, rich in fertility, lie unoccupied and uncultivated ; and if men and women were engaged in the occupations to which they are adapted, all would have employment, and earth would be a paradise. Farmers need not be ignorant and uncultivated. They should study chemistry and understand the nature of soils ; they should study botany and physiology, and understand the nature of plants, the properties of food, and the laws of health ; and if God has endowed them with superior intellectual capacity, He will call them to a seat in Parliament, or to some other position in which they can best promote His glory and the good of others. If you have a strong and manly frame, and a good constitution, be slow to relinquish the farm for the glitter of professional, and the show of city life.

If a father desires his son to become an architect, a civil engineer or a mech- anic, let him see to it first of all, that the bodily frame, the physical constitution, is adequate to the task involved, and then let him question phrenology as to the boy's fitness for the trade or profession desired. You never can make a good architect, civil engineer, or mechanic, out of a boy in whom the mechanical facul- ties are not well developed. The side head, forward and upward of the ears, must be full and round, and the forehead must be fairly well developed, if a man would excel in any of these callings. In this region of the head lie the faculties which make the architect, the engraver, the painter, the sculptor, the musician, the engineer

PHREN01 OGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

and the skilled mechanic. If this region be flat there still may be great intellectual ca- pacity ; the boy may make a scholar, but do not let him try the artistic in arty form. He will be a failure in that line.

If a young man would select commercial life, let him study well what depart- ment. If he has a well built, compact body, and a full, round head, let him select the hardware business, the grocery or commission business, or something in that line. In the furniture or piano business he will be equally at home, but let him not attempt dry goods. The dry goods man should have a large development of the perceptives to begin with. Indeed, a large development of the perceptive faculties is important to success in any department of commercial life, but especially in the line of dry goods and all fabrics whose fashions change rapidly. To know what to buy and when to buy is the foundation of success. The perceptives lie at the base of the forehead directly over the eye-brows. Above these, in the middle of the forehead, lie the retentive faculties, arid above these again, the reflective, or reasoning faculties. The late Sir John A. Macdonald was a striking example of a wonderful development of the perceptive faculties. What a projection of the lower portion of the forehead. How quick he was to perceive, and how far-seeing in his mental vision. The- perceptives deal only with things, and not with ideas ; they take cognizance of things, facts, incidents ; the retentives hold or remember them, and the reflectives analyse them. The successful business man needs a fair development of the reasoning faculties and a large development of the perceptive powers. If he has the vital temperament well developed, so much the better ; he will be quick, vivacious, pleasant and winning in his manner. Physicians of the vital temperament are always the most successful. Their presence is like sunshine in a sick room. If a man would be a successful surgeon, he must have a wide head directly through, from ear to ear, in the region of destructiveness. All nar- row headed animals, like the rabbit and the lamb, are tender and gentle ; all wide headed animals like the lion, the tiger, and the dog, are savage and ferocious. In childhood a large development of destructiveness manifests itself in the form of temper, in manhood if properly trained and educated it becomes executive force, and that which cuts its way through difficulties and opposition. Men with wide heads, and full over the ears and behind the ears, and in whom the vital tempera- ment predominates, need to exercise much self-restraint, and ask God to help them, for their passions and appetites are very strong. To a surgeon, destructiveness is indispensable ; he needs courage, firmness and resolution, when he uses the knife on a living subject. All good surgeons have full, round heads, The man of books needs the full, high forehead. Such a forehead with the perceptives predominating, makes the jury lawyer, quick to lay hold of facts and incidents ; with the reflectives predominating it makes the chancery lawyer, to use the force of cold logic and rea- son out the case from top to bottom.

The moral sentiments are in the coronal region, directly forward of firmness and self-esteem. Firmness lies in the top-head in a straight line upward from the opening of the ear. Next to it and forward lie veneration, hope, spirituality and benevolence, with conscientiousness, outward from firmness. These are man's crown of glory, and in proportion to their development does he become supreme over his fellows. They separate man as by a great gulf from all other animal or- ders ; God's image is on him ; marred and disfigured it may be, but the stamp is

PHRENOLOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY. 15

on the human heart and brain. An animal has instinct, which in some cases comes very near to reason ; an animal has affection for its young, like the affection of the human parent, but an animal has neither a progressive intellect, nor a moral faculty. Nay, that portion of the brain which gives to man his moral sentiments is wanting, altogether in dumb animals. Phrenology confirms one's faith in the teach- ings of the Bible, and unfolds a picture of the worth and grandeur of man, which I find nowhere outside the Holy Book, and I commend its study to all men.

CHARACTER AT A GLANCE.

Remember what has been said of temperament, and then in reading human character, fix your eye on the opening of the ear and note what proportion of the skull lies forward and upward of the ear. If the preponderance be in this region, the intellectual faculties and moral sentiments predominate. If the back head and neck be full and large the passions are strong. If the top part of the forehead be large and full, the reasoning powers are strong, and the subject will ask questions and never be satisfied till he has gone to the root of matters. If the middle of the forehead be full the memory is good. If the eyes be full and large the subject is a fluent speaker.

CHARACTER IN THE EVES.

Dark eyes indicate power, and light eyes delicacy. Grey eyes indicate intel- lectual capability.

CHARACTER IN THE NOSE.

The Roman nose is the aggressive nose — the nose of the conqueror. Artists give this nose to Jupiter, Hercules, and all energetic deities; and from Julius Caesar to the Duke of Wellington, the arbiters of human destiny were Roman nosed men and women. The Grecian nose indicates artistic taste and love of the beau- tiful. The Jewish nose indicates shrewdness, knowledge of human character, and ability to turn that knowledge to a profitable account. A good large nose indicates good breathing power, strength, energy, power — full, manly development.

CHARACTER IN THE MOUTH.

Large mouths also indicate power. Thin, narrow lips indicate lack of affec- tion, and a reserved and secretive disposition, but full lips indicate a frank, out- spoken, communicative nature.

CHARACTER IN TIIK WALK.

The man who walks with his head thrown back as though he were lord of

PHRENOIOGY AND PHYSIOGNOMY.

creation, has self esteem largely developed. The man who walks with his head bent slightly forward has a large development of benevolence. The man who carries his head to one side has a large development of approbativeness, and is very sensitive as to what people say and think about him. The man with firmness and resolution will put his foot clown with a vim ; the conceited fop will move about as though walking on eggs.

CONCLUSION.

One of the first precepts of the Greek philosophy was " Know thyself." The human body is the most exquisitely constructed piece of mechanism in the world, and yet many people are as ignorant of its organs and their functions, as an infant is of the wheels of a watch or the stops of an organ, and this ignorance fills more graves than war, pestilence, or famine. Study the body, study the soul remember that you are the offspring of God. " Quit you like men ; be strong,"

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