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THE CANADIAN

Pe OMOLOGIST.

OSV Xx

EDITED BY THE

Leo. C. I. S. Hethune, WM. a., B.C. L.,

POR HORE VONDARTO:

ASSISTED BT
J. Fleteher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal, and
Rev. T. W. Fyles, Quebee.

Pondon, Ont. :

LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING CO,

1893.

LIST OF GONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME.

———> >

FAUNA @) NDR SEs Mase sesaiste noses ss 202 NEW, MORK,

ANE DINICEE PROB sapien esters sess. 3ROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA,
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TD IVGAVRETAURURIIS@IN (Gee f. s65 cede cats ots NEw YORK.

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IDS ONAN GCE ce eros oy, eee teed PLATTSBURGH, N. Y.
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IDI ONG ADS Rg Saal © etal San Se Rite ee LINCOLN, NEB.

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NEUMOEGE INGA Degas 5 as eet te ash eietel sos NEW YORK.

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SKINNER, DEH ee ee Pee osc: PHILADELPHIA.
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SIE@SS@N MGS Ae 7b eas cll acle cients NEw YorK.

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STRECKER, ID) [RES ja ts la hg ad ee READING, Pa.

ATE) VEIN SHYING) an Greniete: Uy Wale BVIR yo ats ee a ccece KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W. FE
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WEBSTER, F. a SaaS Oca Ohe Oe WoosTER, OHIO.
VAIS ot PANSY 9 6 [7 0 a IOWA City, Iowa.
WILLISTON, ROE Sree ay cee 4 LAWRENCE, KANSAS.

VVC CTO METRE ERS st Oe cepa Ee ie ae ea eae GRAND Rapips, Micu,

The aad ay Hontomalogist

WiOln. XOX LONDON, JANUARY, 1893. No. 1.

DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW WEST AFRICAN
BUTTERELIES:
BY W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., PITTSBURGH, PA: *
EURYPHENE, Bolsp.
Z. £2. castanea, sp. Nov.

g. The form of the wings is exactly like that of Sewegalensis, H -S.
UppeErsipE.—The ground colour is rich chestnut-brown, marked by
broad black series of spots and bands. Upon the primaries these
markings are as follows :—In the cell a longitudinal basal streak, a trans-
verse line, a figure 8, a twice curved transverse line, and a broad bar at
the end of the cell constricted in the middle ; below the cell there is a
short basal band curving inwardly ; beyond the cell there is a wide band
running from the costa toward the outer margin as far as the lower radial,
and then abruptly turning and extending to the middle of the inner margin ;
beyond this is a broad band of diffuse spots, wide on the costa, narrower
bevond the end of the cell, and gradually widening as it approaches the
inner margin ; beyond this is a submarginal series of very black round
spots. The outer margin is black. All of these lines are continued upon
the secondaries parallel to the outer margin, and in addition there is a
narrow, submarginal black line. In the cell of the secondaries there is a
round spot at the base, a figure 8, anda constricted annular mark at the
end. UNnpbersipE.—The prevalent colour on the underside of the wings
is pale fuscous, shading into ashen grey upon the cells of both wings. The
markings of the upper surface scarcely reappear upon the lower side,
except the submarginal band of round spots, which reappear upon the
primaries as faint blackish marks, and upon the secondaries as ocelli with
pale ashen margins. In both wings there are in the cella black basal dot,
a figure 8, and a narrow constricted annular mark at the end. In addition,
upon the primaries the costa near the base is white, and there are a couple
of small white marks at the apex; upon the secondaries there is a narrow
white bar extending from near the middle of the costa to the first subcostal
nervule.

Expanse 58 mm. Habitat Kangwe, Ogove Valley.

z THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

i)

L. suffumigata, sp. nov. ;

2. The form of the wings is like that of &. e/zensis, Hew. UPPeEr-
sIbE.—Both wings are dark smoky-brown, shading into black at the apex
of the primaries and clouded on the costa and cell of the primaries, with
obscure black markings. ‘There is a broad yellowish subapical band on
the primaries, running from the costa and terminating before the outer
margin above the third median nervule. Upon the secondaries there
is a continuous slightly undulating dark brown submarginal line. UNDER-
sipE.—The ground colour is light green, or glaucous. ‘The costa of the
primaries at the base, the apex, the costal portion of the subapical band
of the primaries which reappears upon the lower side, and a narrow bar
running from before the middle of the secondaries from the costal to the
first subcostal, are all white. The outer half of the wings is suffused with
a fuliginous shade defined inwardly by a curved line running frem the
outer margin of the primaries below the apex to the origin of the third
median, and thence to the middle of the inner margin, across the secon-
daries beyond the end of the cell, sweeping inwardly from the origin of
the third median to a point above the anal angle on the inner margin.
Faint traces of a submarginal band of ocelli appear upon the secondaries.
Body and legs concolorous.

Expanse 75 mm. Habitat Talaguga, Ogové Valley.

This noble and well-marked species is represented in my collection by
a single specimen taken in the spring of the present year. It is likely to
be confounded with Z. Phantasia, Hew., from which it may, however,
be at once distinguished by the absence of the broad blue submarginal
band running from above the first median nervule on the primaries to the
anal angle of the secondaries in the female.

ATERICA, Bolsp.
3. A. fuliginosa, sp. nov.

Q. Antenne black. Body above dark brown. Underside of palpi,
thorax and abdomen light grey. Upprersipe.—The ground colour of the
upper side of the wings is smoky-brown, shading into dark brown near the
apex of the primaries. ‘There is a series of four minute white spots
extending from the costa before the apex to the third median nervule. A
broad oblique subapical yellow band runs from the first subcostal nervule
beyond the cell toward the outer margin, terminating upon the first median
nervule. The inner margin of this band is moderately straight ; the outer
margin is irregular, being indented upon the lower radial and the second

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $

median nervules. The usual markings appear obscurely in the cell. The
posterior wings are ornamented by a submarginal band of obscure ocelli
running parallel to the outer margin. ‘These spots are lighter than the rest
of the wing and ringed about with dark brown, and have in the centre
dark brown subhastate pupils. UNDERstDE.—The underside is obscurely
brownish-grey. The markings of the upperside reappear, and on the
underside of the secondaries the submarginal band of ocelli is indicated
by a series of minute white spots located on the inner edge of each ocellus.
There are seven of these minute white spots on each secondary. The base
of the secondaries has a few obscure markings characteristic of the genus,
the most prominent of which is an annular mark in the middle of the
cell.

Expanse of wings 68 mm. Habitat Kangwé, Ogové Valley.

I hesitated to describe this species from the solitary 2 specimen, but
it is wholly unlike the female of any species known to me, and does not
exist in any of the English collections which I have consulted, and was
pronounced by Mons. Mabille, to whom I showed it, as undoubtedly a
new species. It comes nearest to 4. aridatha, of Hewitson, but it is
totally distinct, being much larger and quite differently coloured, and the
subapical band of the primaries having an altogether different form.

EUPHAEDRA, HUuBN.

4. E. imitans, sp. nov.

¢.. Very closely allied to #. Husemoides recently described by Smith
& Kirby, but readily distinguished from that species by the fact that the
yellow spots on the middle of the primaries are not widely separated as
in Eusemoides, and that the base of the primaries is adorned by a num-
ber of d/ue spots, and that along the inner margin of the primaries there
is a Jong yellow streak. The secondaries have a yellow spot on the base
and three black spots in the ced/, and the broad black border is interrupted
by a marginal series of obscure geminate blue spots. The underside has
a spot at the base of the secondaries pupilled with yellow, in addition to
the spots which appear upon the underside of £. Husemoides.

@. The female is like the male, but much larger, and the marginal
blue spots upon the upperside of the secondaries are brighter and larger.

Expanse ¢,58mm.; 2,85 mm. Habitat Talaguga, Upper Valley
of Ogove.

Represented in the collection of the author by two males and one
female. It is a very close mimic of Xanthospilopteryx longipennis, and
even more so of a species of this genus in the collection of the writer
which has not yet been named.

Pittsburgh, Nov. 30, 1892.

4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME NEW ADDITIONS TO THE GENUS CLISIOCAMPA,
CORRE,
BY B. NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK.
C. Mus, nov. spec.

fq. Head, palpi and thorax whitish gray. Antennae brown, with
whitish stems. Abdomen gray, intermixed with black hair. Primaries
dark gray, with veins indicated more or less by white. A broad blackish
transverse band between two whitish lines, which are slightly toothed at
intersections of veins. Basal space whitish, with black tings along costa.
Fringes gray, with brown accentuations at terminus of subcostal and
median veins. Secondaries dark chestnut-brown, fading into whitish
tinges along anal margin and in basalspace. A faint, whitish mesian line.
Fringes gray and brown alternating.

Below. Primaries dark brown, dusted with gray in submarginal space
and along costa. ‘The outer transverse line well marked. Secondaries
whitish gray. ‘The mesian line well curved and prominent. Legs brown-
ish-gray. In some specimens there is a shading from gray into light brown,
and the white veins are less prominent on upper surface of primaries.

®. Antennae, head and thorax whitish gray. In some specimens
exceptionally blackish-brown. Abdomen whitish gray. Primaries dark
gray. A broad, blackish transverse band enclosed in white transverse
lines, slightly toothed at veins. The latter appear as white horizontal
lines, in crossing this band. Basal space whitish. Fringes as in 7,
Secondaries of chestnut colour, tading in basal space, with black dashes,
especially along costa. Fringes alternately brown and gray.

Below. Primaries and_ secondaries light chestnut-brown, slightly
dusted with gray granules. Basal spaces of whitish tinge. The outer

transverse line of primaries indicated in dark brown. iegs and abdomen
yellowish-gray, dusted with black.

Types, ¢ g and ¢ @. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Expanse of wings: ¢ 24-25.mm.; ? 36-37. mm.

Length of body: ¢ 8.mm.; ? ro. mm.

Habitat: Southwest Utah (about 30 specimens) and Arizona, (Pres-
cott, one specimen.) Easily recognizable by its gray primaries with dark
band, traversed by white veins.

C. Mus. var. adiscolorata.

¢d. Antennae, head and collar dark brown. ‘Thorax and abdomen
brownish-gray.. Wings light brown. The two transverse lines of pri-
maries dark brown, with an outer tinge of yellowish.

Below. Primaries light brown. The outer transverse line well marked

-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9)

in darker brown. Secondaries of a somewhat lighter tinge, with yellowish
dust. Brown mesian line. Legs and abdomen dark brown.

Type, 1 f from S. W. Utah. Coll. B. Neumoegen.

Raised out of a lot of about 50 typical C. Mus by Mr. Chr. I.
Weidt. It seems to be rare.

9. Antennae dark brown. Thorax and abdomen brownish-gray.
Wings chestnut, with somewhat lighter dusting along anterior margin, and
in basal space. Well marked dark brown lines encircling transverse band
of primaries. Secondaries with lighter basal shades.

Below. Wings light’ chestnut, with grayish granules along anterior
margins and basal spaces. Outer transverse line of primaries, and mesian
line of secondaries slightly indicated.

Types coll. B. Neumoegen.

Several specimens raised by Mr. Weidt in S. W. Utah, and one speci-
men from Prescott, Arizona, tallying with the foregoing, but being of
somewhat lighter colour in its wings.

C. Azteca, nov. sp.

g. Antennae brown. Head and thorax grayish-brown. Wings and
body of a peculiar blackish-brown tint. Primaries: apex sharply pointed.
A transverse band of still darker shade, the two border lines of the same
especially dark, the outer line relieved by a yellow streak. Running
parallel with the latter, from costa to inner margin, a subterminal undu-
lating irregularly shaped band, giving the wing the appearance of having
three transverse lines. The inner line, encircling basal space, well curved
towards base ; the anterior line somewhat outwardly curved in its course
through median space. Secondaries uniform in colour. Fringes of both
wings alternating with yellow.

Below. Legs and body grayish-brown. Wings of a lighter brown
shade, powdered with yellowish grains along anterior margin of primaries
and over the entire surface of secondaries. Primaries show the outer
transverse line, and secondaries a well curved mesian line. Basal spaces
the darkest in both wings.

?. Blackish-brown, lighter in shade than ¢. Body concolorous.
Antennae, head. and thorax grayish-brown. Primaries with broad trans-
verse band, the inner line well curved towards base and of grayish colour.
The outer line grayish, somewhat bulging at centre and slightly dentated
at veins. Secondaries uniform in colour, showing a faint trace of a mesian
line. Fringes in both wings alternating with faint yellow.

Below. Wings uniform in colour, but of lighter tint than primaries,
which show faintly the outer line of transverse band. Secondaries with a
somewhat darker undulating mesian line.

Dypes: 26 6 and 29 °°. Coll. BeNeumoegen.

Expanse of wings: ¢ 31.mm.; ? 36.mm.

Length of body: ¢ 6.mm.; ? 10. mm.

Habitat : City of Mexico and vicinity. Caught by Mr. Moonz.

This is the darkest coloured American Clisiocampa and easily
recognizable,

6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTION OF A NEW TOLYPE.

BY B. NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK.

P. toltcca, Nov. sp.

¢. Antennae light brown. Eyes black. Head, prothorax and thorax
snowy white. Tegulae snowy white, with black hairy centre band, con-
necting it with the black haired abdomen, just like in 7? ved/eda, Stoll.
Abdomen metallic black, clothed with long hair and long drawn out anal
tuft. The latter intermixed with white hair. Primaries dark slate, especi-
ally in the interspace formed by a marginal and a double central transverse
line, as well as along costa and internal margin. Veins white. A lunu-
late white discal spot, and whitish tinges around it. ‘Three transverse,
undulating, white lines, two of which are double, the discal space being
enclosed by these double lines, and the marginal transverse line being

single. The latter crosses from apex the subcostal veins in a straight lines
parallel with anterior margin, but becomes undulating in traversing the
median veins. <A thin, dark line indicates anterior margin. Fringes light
brown. Wings show irridescence in a slanting position. Secondaries
dark slate, with gray fringes ; anterior margin indicated by a thin black
line,

3elow. Palpi black below. Abdomen and legs snowy white, the
latter pilose, having the tibiae dotted with black. Wings blackish slate,
especially dark along costal and in basal spaces, with veins and undulating
marginal lines of grayish white.

?. Much larger and of lighter shade than ¢. Antennae, head,
thorax and central thoracical streak the same as in g, but the hairy body
snowy white, with gray segmentary tuft. ‘The same transverse lines on
primaries, the one near base and the central line, which enclose disc, being
double, and only the marginal line being single. Basal area tufted with
snowy white. Costa whitish. Fringes hght brown. Veins white. Secon-
daries dark slate, with basal white tuft, a white undulating marginal line
and grayish-brown fringes,

Below. Black palpi. White abdomen and legs, the tibiae with black
dots. Anal portion of body covered with light brown hair. Wings slate
colour with white nerves. Primaries showing the white double central and
marginal, the secondaries only the marginal line. Basal areas and sections
along marginal lines the darkest.

Types, 26.65.20 e+ Coll. B, NWeumoezen,

Expanse of wings: ¢ 30.mm.; @ 45. mm.

Length of body: g 10.mm.; @ 21. mm.

Habitat : City of Mexico and vicinity. Collected by Mr. Moonz.

This insect greatly resembles 7? ve/Zeda, Stoll., but its transverse lines
on primaries differ and it is easily distinguished by its smaller size and
darker colour, especially on the secondaries, J

~I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CAN THE DIPTERA BE. CONSIDERED THE ‘HIGHEST
INSECTS?

BY C. H. TYLER TOWENSEND.

In the Nov., 1892, number of the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, pp.
269-70, there is printed a paper which was read by Professor H. Osborn
before the Entomological Club of the A. A. A.S. at its Rochester meeting
in August, 1892. It is entitled: ‘‘ Honey-bee or House-fly.” In this
article Professor Osborn questions the view, first advanced by Hyatt and
Arms, that the Diptera are to be considered the highest insects. At the
end of the paper appear the following remarks. which were made at the
time the paper was read before the meeting :—

“Mr. Smith thought that the line of argument adopted by Messrs.
Aldrich and Townsend was inconclusive, and that the article referred to
carried with it its own refutation. He thought Mr. Osborn was correct in
that the orders should be placed parallel, but that groups or families were
more highly developed in some orders than in others. Mere specialization
is never a test of rank in itself, and any line of argument that places the
Hippoboscide at the head of the insects as the highest in rank is simply
unworthy of attention, since it omits the intellectual or nervous develop-
ment as a factor.”

The over-confident and assuring manner in which the above paragraph
disposes of the subject is rather ludicrous. One might fancy the question
finally answered, and consigned to oblivion. I feel safe in saying that
such a hasty and incompetent dismissal of the subject will command little
attention from anyone who is well informed in insect embryology.

Professor Osborn’s paper simply makes the point that there are objec-
tions to attempting an expression of lineal rank or descent in groups of
animals, but that the orders of insects are divergent, or more or less
parallel developments from a common form.

The writer, in his note on the subject in Scéence (June, 1892), did not
attempt to express the idea that the orders of insects led up in a natural
or any other series to the Diptera; nor is any such view held by Hyatt
and Arms, or Professor Aldrich, in what they have written on the subject.
I desire to say also that I have not in any way upheld the view that the
Hippoboscidz should be considered the culminating point, but have
rather pointed to the cyclorrhaphous families as occupying that position.

It is very conclusively shown by Hyatt and Arms, Insecta, pp. 273-4,

8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

287-8, that the Diptera are by far the most specialized insects, and that
they should therefore be considered the highest in rank. If any one still
doubts that they are the most specialized, he may be referred to the late
edition of Lowne’s Anatomy etc., of the Blow Fly, part I., Oct., 1890.
The wonderful development of the muscid pupa from the imaginal discs,
all the larval organs undergoing disintegration, is not paralleled in any
other order of insects. I contend that specialization, as deduced from
the ontogeny of the insect, is the best and only reliable criterion of rank.
Let those who believe otherwise point out a better one. To talk of an
intellectual development in insects is absurd. I do not admit that the
actions of the social hymenoptera are in any way actuated by reason or
intellect. It is, rather, inherited habit.

As to the ubiquitousness of the House-fly, this is rather a point in its
favour. It has, entirely on its own resources, become emphatically cosmo-
politan, and even man ‘in all his glory” is unable to reduce its numbers,
or in any way to cope with it. On’'the other hand, the Honey-bee has for
ages been cultivated, cared for and protected by mankind. Yet I would
not by any means suggest the House-fly as the climax of insect
development.

Man is the highest animal, because of his immense cerebral specializ-
ation. ‘There is no such contrast in cerebral development between the
lowest and highest insects as there is even between the anthropoid apes
and man. Consequently I believe that the same factor should not be
used as a criterion of rank in insects. At the same time, man is farthest
removed from the ancestral mammalian form in his general structural
development, as deduced from his ontogeny, and this can and should be
used as the basis of argument, not only in insects, but in all other groups
of animals.

This line of reasoning puts the Diptera at the head of the insect body,
inasmuch as their larval stages show greater specialization or development
than the larve of any other order of insects, while their perfect form
points them out still more emphatically as the farthest removed from the
ancestral thysanuriform type.

If there is an objection on the part of some to the term “highest ”,
let the expression “ most specialized” be substituted therefor. I cannot
help believing that the use of the latter would be preferable,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9

A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE COLEOPTERA.
BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN.

Coleoptera may be described as Mandibulate Insects, with the fore-
wings horny and the two basal abdominal joints invisible on the venter.

A reduction in the number of abdominal joints at the tip and in the
number of joints in the tarsi indicates advancement in rank among Cole-
optera. Likewise, a specialization of the antennae to clavicorn or lamelli-
corn indicates advancement, as well as does the degradation of the larva.
The Lampyride are the lowest in rank, shown by their lax structure. The
Heteromera and Phytophaga show high development in the specialization
of their tarsi. The Rhynchophora are especially aberrant, and there is
evidence of advanced type shown in the low development of the apodous
larvae, greatly specialized prosterna and concealed ventral segments. A
few Heteromera, the Buprestinae and the Lamiinae resemble them in their
larvae. The larvae of Bruchidae are similar to those of Brenthus and
Anthribus in their minute legs. ‘The Weevils may be placed ahead of
the other Coleoptera, although the Chafers are nearly as high.

The Cicindelidae present a character not elsewhere found in the
Dolichogastres, z. ¢., a dilation of the metapleura. <A similar,, but more
extended, dilation is characteristic of the Rhynchophora and Phytophaga.

The arrangement below is verified in the preceding paragraphs.

SYNOPSIS OF COLEOPTERA, TWO SERIES.

DoLICHOGASTRES.—Six or more ventrals visible (exc. Elateridae and
Buprestidae).
— Metapleura not widened (exc. Cicindelidae). Pentamerous (Normo-
pleura).
First visible ventral entire. Series Serricornia (Malacodermes, Ster-
nox1). Series Monzlicornia (Brachyelytra).
First visible ventral divided by the coxee. Series /’/:cornia (Adephaga).

BRACHYGASTRES.—Only five ventrals usually visible.
= Metapleura not widened. Six ventrals in many families (Normopleura).
Heteromercus. Series Heteromera. First visible ventral not divided
by coxae. Antennae various.
Pentamerous.
Series Clavicornia (Philhydrida, Necrophaga).
Series Pectinicornia. Series Lamellicornia,

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

= Metapleura widened (Tetramera). Never more than five ventrals.
(Platypleura).

Series Phytophaga.
Series Riyuchophora.

The conclusion which may be drawn from this synopsis is that the
Tetramera are the equivalent of all other beetles taken together. Those
who follow LeConte’s views would place the Rhynchophora apart from
all others ; then the division would be into Tetramera and Pentamera, the
last including the Heteromera and Trimera.

A GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE KNOWN LARVAL FOOD-
MABITS OF THE -ACALYPTRATE MUSCIDA:,

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

In a short paper published in the Trans. Kans. Acad. Sci., Vol. XIL,
on the occurrence, in a single restricted locality in Arizona, of a species
of MWicropesa, | gave a very brief resume of the food-habits of some of
the better known families of Acalyptrate ,Muscide, with the view of,
suggesting the possible habit of the species there considered. This
prompted me later to bring together all available notes on the subject.
As these small flies are of much economic importance, both as being
injurious and beneficial, I have felt that a quite complete summary of their
larval fcod-habits would be of much use to the working entomologist,
besides being of no little importance to those wno may be making a
special study of the diptera. I should acknowledge drawing a consider-
able number of the notes from Schiner, Westwood and other European
authors. All such refer to European species, but often apply equally as
well to American species, when such exist in the genera named. All are
of importance as indicating the great range and variety of the food-habits
in this section of the Muscide ‘The only families of whose larval habits
nothing seems to be knewn are the MWicropeside, Phvcodromide, Opomy-
side, Leiopside, Asteide and Geomyside.

According to their habits, the larvz of the Acalyptratee may be grouped
in three categories: Scavengers, phytophagic species, and entomophagic
or parasitic species, ‘These groups may be separated into sub-groups, as
will be seen from the accompanying synoptic view :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. EL

Synopsis of larval habits of the Acalyptrate Muscide.

‘Coprophagous species or dung-feeders.
‘In decaying fruits.

Feeders :
ne BERR In decaying wood and under bark of trees
psa a In decaying plants and leaves.
=. In decaying roots and tubers.
matter, =

In fungi.

Scavengers. ‘Salt or alkaline water and mud.
Feeding | Urine.
in fluids. | Vinegar.

Sap from wounds of trees.

: ‘ S Cheese.
Feeders on animal matter. . .
( Animal fats.

‘Gall makers.
Infesting soft fruits.

Fruitfeeders 4 Living in pods, seeds and berries.
Living in flower heads.

ace | Leaf miners jin ater plants.
ig “* | In foliage of trees and land plants.
Feeders in stems of plants and holms of grasses.
Root feeders.
Feeding in seaweed.
; Parasites ? fe
Entomophagic | In plant lice.
species, On scale insects.

Pseudo parasites ? On plant lice.
On larvee.
Inquilines in bees’ nests.

or group with a
parasitic tendency.

Summary of larval habits.
Fam. CORDYLURID& :
Norellia spinimana ; larva found on an anthomyiid larva (Bremi).
Cleigastra apicalis ; larva in noctuid caterpillar (Boié). C72. swesterct ;
bred from larve in swine dung (Townsend, Can. Env.)
Scatophaga ; larvee in dung and human excrement, also in water (Sch.).
Fam. THYREOPHORID& :

Thyreophora ; larvae found in anatomical preparations (Rob. Desv.)

Fam. HELOMYZID& :
Helomyza ; larvee in fungi and truffles (Westw.)
Leria serrata ; larve in dung (Bremi), in fungi (L. Dufour).
Thelida ; a species on bat dung (Rob. Desv. )

1? THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fam. HETERONEURID& :
Clusia ; pupz in mouldered tree trunks (Staeger).
Heteroneura ; larvee and pupe under bark of trees and in decaying
tree trunks. //. a/bimana; bred by Schiner from pupz found
in trunk of a weather-beaten willow.

Fam. SCIOMYZID&:

Dryomyza ; larve in fungi (Meq.)

Actora ; breeds in seaweed (Boh.)

Tetanocera ferruginea ; larve live between the leaves of Lemna and
Callitriche in water (L. Dufour).

Fam. DoRYCERID# :

4
Dorycera ; larve live amongst leaves of water plants, several species
being subcutaneous (Westw.) D. g7aminum,; larve in water
(Geoffr.)

Fam. PLATYSTOMIDE:

Platystoma umbrarum: larve live in decayed wood underground
(Perris). \

Fam. ORTALIDE:

Herina (Ortalis) frondescentiz; larve feed on pulp of cherry
(Réaumur).

Tritoxa (Ortalis) flexa ; larvze live in onions.

Psairoptera ; larvae of a species found under bark of Pinus, and Populus
tremula (Sch. )

Chloria (Ulidia) demandata; larve in old horse dung, where they
passed the fall and winter (Bouché).

Chaetopsis aenea; bred from larvee found July 5 burrowing in the
centre of a stalk of corn (Gillette).

Fam. LONCHEID£:

Lonchea nigra; larve in the stems of Verbascum, Angelica and
Carduus. JL. parvicornis,; l\arve in suckers of Triticum repens,
on which they cause galls with a scale-like covering, the dead
leaf-sheath (Perris). Z. lasiophthalma; \arve under similar
circumstances on suckers of Cynodon sp. Larve of other
species under bark of trees (Giraud).

THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13

Fam. SAPROMYZID&:

Sapromyza; larvee under decayed leaves (Bouché), in rotten straw
(Perris), and in fungi (L. Dufour).

Fam. TRYPETIDZ:

Platyparea ; larvz of a species in asparagus (Sch.)

Euphranta ; larve of a species in pods of Vincetoxicum officinale,
pupating in the earth (Giraud).

Aciura femoralis; bred from larve found in Phlomis fruticosa
(v. Frauenfeld).

Acidia ; larvz of a species in leaves, which they mine (Sch.) — Larvee
of another species in fruit of Lonicera xylosteum (Lev.) A.
artemisi@ ; larve mine leaves of Chrysanthemum (Westw.)

Spilographa ; larvae in fruits or berries, while some mine leaves (Sch.)
S. alternata,; larve in berry of Rosa villosa (Bouché, quot. by
Westw. )

Orelilia wiedemanni ; larve live in leaves of Bryonia (Sch.)

Trypeta ; larve of many species live in flower heads of various com-
posite.

Rhagoletis (Trypeta) pomonella ; larvee in apples (WIlsh.)

Acrotoxa (Trypeta) ludens ; larva in oranges (Riley).

Eurosta (Trypeta) solidaginis ; larve in galls on stems of solidago
(Fitch).

Urophora ; larvae of many species live in various parts of composite
plants (Sch.) WU. cardui; larvee in large galls on thistle (Westw.)

Myopites ; larvee in flower-heads of Mula sp. (v. Frauenf., v. Roser).
Ensina sonchi; larve live in flower-heads of Sonchus, Apargia,
Senecis, Tragopogon, Podospemum (Sch.), Carduus (v. Frauenf.)
Carphotricha ; larvee live in Composite, preferably Liguliflorze (Sch.)
Euleia onopordinis ; larva mine in leaves of celery (Westw.)
Oxyphora ; larvee in flower-heads of various Composite (Sch.)
Tephritis ; larvee in flower-heads of Composite (Sch.)
Anomoia ; larve of a species in berries of Crataegus oxyacantha (Sch.)
Ceratitis capitata ; larvae in peaches, oranges and other citrus fruits
(Westw.)

Dacus ole ; larve in olives, two or three larvee in a fruit, pupating
in the earth.

e

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Eutreta diana ; larve in gall on wild sage, Artemisia tridentata, in
Mo. (Riley, Osten Sacken).

Straussia (Trypeta) longivennis ; the fly oviposits in stalk of Helian-
thus (sunflower) near tip, in June and July (Lintner, 3d. Rep.)

Fam. SEPSIDA :
Nemopoda cylindrica ; larve in human excrement (Bouché, West.,
Sch.)
Themira putris ; larvee in slimy water and mud (Sch.)
Fam. PIOPHILID&:
Piophila ; larvee in cheese, ham-fat and fatty animal matter in general
(Swamm.). In salt (Germer).

Fam. PSILIDs:

Chyliza leptogaster ; bred from irregular galls the size of a walnut on
the stems of Spirea opulifolia
caused by these flies (Scholtz).

Psila rose ; larvae in roots of Daucus (carrot) and Brassica (Sch.)

not known that the galls were

Fam. OSCINID&:

Platycephala ; pupze of one species in reed stems (Boié) :

Meromyza americana ; larvee in stems of wheat, rye and probably in
grasses (Riley, Webster and others).

Chlorops ; larvae of several species live in holms of grasses and
cereals. Ch/. pumilionis, Chl. glabra; larve injuring wheat
(Bjerkander, Westw. )

Chloropisca prolifica ; supposed by Dr. Lintner to breed in grass of
lawns (7th Rep. N. Y. Ent., p. 239).

Lipara ; larvae in reed stems, causing large galls near the tops, in
which they pupate (Sch.)

Oscinis ; larve live in holms of grasses and cereals. O. frit, larvee
in husks of barley in Sweden (Linn.) Species in wheat in U.
S. (Garman, Webster).

Siphonella ; larvae in grasses, also in other plants (Sch.) Two species
in flower-heads of various Cynerocephale (Egger, v. Frauenf.
Larvie of one species in worm-eaten nuts, in company with cur-
culionid larvee (Perris, v. Frauenf )

Elachiptera ; pupz on a species in large quantities under the bark of
old poplars (Sch. )

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15

Gampsocera; larvee in decayed stems of Althea (H. Heeger).
? Novum genus ; bred in California frora a spider’s egg-mass.

Fam. EPHYDRID#:

Halmopota ; larvz in salt-pits (Bouché).

Ephydra ; larvee in salt-pits (v. Heyden), in salt-pits of Kissingen
(Diruf). £. californica; \arvee live in great numbers in water
of alkaline lakes in the south-western U. S. (Packard, Willis-
ton). “#. hians,; larve in immense numbers in water of Lake
Tezcuco, in Mexico, and are used by the Mexican Indians as
food. It may also be mentioned that the larve of E. californica
are used by the Pah-Utes as food (Williston).

Teichomyza fusca ; larvee live in urine (Rob. Desv.)

Fam. DROSOPHILID :

Aulacigaster ; larvee of only species found in wounds on elm trees
(L. Dufour).

Gitona ; larvee of only species live in flower-heads of Sonchus arven-
sis (Loew), probably also in flower-heads of Onopordon (Sch.)

Drosophila ; larvee usually in sour-fermented matter, fermented liquids,
vinegar, decayed fungi, ulcerated wounds of trees, decayed fruits
(Sch.) . D. ampelophila; larvae in pomace of cider mills, in
pickled and preserved fruits (Lintner), bred from maggots found
hollowing out grapes (Forbes). D. gutnaria; bred from a
mass of cochineal insects (Riley & Howard). Some species
(Scaptomyza Hardy) are leaf-miners (Sch.) One or more
species mine turnip leaves in Europe and U. S. (Curtis, Garman).

? Stegana ; breeding in hen dung (Riley & Howard, Ins. Life, II., 254).
It is perhaps doubtful whether this fly belonged to the
Drosophilidae.

Fam. OCHTHIPHILID# :

Leucopis ; larvae parasitic (?) on plant lice and scale insects, (?) in
spiders’ nests (Sch.) JZ. de//uda; reared from cochineal insect
(Riley & Howard). Leucopis sp.; parasitic (?) on Rhizococcus
sp. on grasses in Nova Scotia (Fletcher).

Lestophonus iceryae ; parasitic (?) on Icerya (Riley).

16 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

Fam. MILICHID# :

Cacoxenus indagator ; larvae live in nests of Osmia emarginata, con-
suming the food prepared for the Osmia larvae and causing them
to die (Giraud). Probably found in other bees’ nests (Sch.)

Fam. AGROMYZID£:

Agromvyza ; larvae are leaf-miners or live in pith of plants (Sch.) A.
tritici; bred from larvae crawling in large numbers from un-
threshed wheat in a barn (Fitch).

Ceratomyza ; larvae of one species mine leaves of Sonchus oleraceus
(Sch. )

Fam. PHYTOMYZID# :

Phytomyza ; larvae are leaf-miners (Sch.), some species pupating in
the parenchyma of the leaf (Chromatomyia Hardy). P. chry-
santhemi,; larve mine leaves of Chrysanthemum, Tanacetum,
Eupatorium, Gazania, Helianthus, Cineraria (Lintner). Jf.
fateralis ; larvae live in heads of Anthemis, Pyrethrum, and in
stems of Centaurea, Verbena and Urtica (Kaltenbach), mining
in Sonchus (Gourean). P. flava; \arvae in subcutaneous
mines in leaves of Scolopendrium vulgare, a fern (Doubleday).
P. flaviceps ; larvae mine leaves of woodbine (Hal.) PP. obscur-
ella ; larvae mine leaves of holly (Hal.), in honey suckle (Glover).
P. nigricornis; larvae mine in underside of leaves of turnip,
peas, forming long galleries in parenchyma beneath lower cuticle,
pupating at end of gallery (Curtis), also mine leaves of monks-
hood, Aconitum (Kaltenbach).

Fam. BoRBORID#:
Borborus ; larvae in dung and decayed fungi (Haliday).
Sphaerocera ; larvae live in horse dung (Sch.)
Limosina ; larvae of a species in Confervae, in diseased potatoes, and
in fungi (Sch.)

Nore.—If any genera whose larval habits are known have been
omitted, or if any peculiarity in habit of a genus here mentioned is not
included, the author will be glad to know of the references or observa-
tions, The list is not supposed to be complete.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1

LARV OF PAPILIO PHILENOR BECOMING LARVO-
PHAGOUS.

BY RICHARD E. KUNZE, M. D., NEW VORK.

**T perish by my art ; dig mine own grave ;
I spin the thread of life ; my death I weave.”

Truly wonderful is the adaptability of some individuals when placed
under circumstances tending to diminish the reproduction of their race.
Desirous of raising larvae of Papilio philenor, | planted two years ago five
vines of Dutchman’s Pipe (Av?stolochia sipho) in my back yard, which
in the summer of the present year (1892) covered a wall and fence 16x7
feet with luxuriant foliage.

July 2nd a friend brought me, from Staten Island, N. Y., from 125 to
150 larve of Philenor. ‘Vhe majority had passed their first, and a few
their second moult. All were transferred to the leaves of the Dutchman’s
Pipe vine in my garden plot. By the ninth of July nearly all the leaves
of my Pipe vines were devoured, before less than half of the leaves were
full grown. I then removed fifty of the largest to a five-gallon flower pot,
covering the bottom with a layer of loam, and filling up this breeding
cage with as many leaves of Aristolochia sipho as it would hold. The pot
and loam were first well sprinkled with water to furnish moisture for
stems of Aristolochia vines, and the top covered with thick manilla paper to
prevent evaporation, inasmuch as the porosity of the cage answered every
such purpose. Two days later the leaves of breeding cage were all
devoured, and those on my vines in the garden nearly so. I divided what
remained of the latter, and gave an equal share to larve in the cage.
Exactly forty-eight hours afterward the Pipe vines of the garden were
entirely defoliated, and the larve contained in the flower pot nearly all
transforming into chrysalids.

Two days previously I requested my friend, Mr. Ehrenberg, who
furnished the larve, to procure me a supply of Aristolochia leaves from
Staten Island, where he officiated as landscape architect at a well-known
villa, else most of our larvz would perish. In the meantime the owner of
the villa noticed the foliage of his Avsto/ochia trellis disappearing rapidly,
caused by the remaining larve which my friend had failed to take off
tor me. His,(the owner’s) instructions to the resident gardener to keep these
Jarvee well picked off had not been observed, he thought, while the land-
scape architect tried to raise a few more chrysalids on the trellis facing the

Is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

villa, and suggested to the gardener to defer operations a few days longer.
The owner, not knowing of our intentions, became vexed and gave an
Italian labourer a bagfull of sulphur,with orders to dust the Aristolochia with
it effectually. How well the instruction was carried out may be inferred
when it is known that those plagued worms, all the remaining foliage and
much of the grass beneath the vines, were totally destroyed !

At the same time, while in expectation of an abundant supply of larval
food, I had collected from the bare vines, wall and fences of the yard, from
the passage ways of the house, and wherever they wandered in search of
food, some sixty hungry larve. These were put into a lady’s large bonnet
box, and some fifteen different food plants which grew on the premises
were placed therein to serve that wriggling mass of large black larvee with
long concolorous tubercles their immediate wants. But touch it they
would not. On the evening of the ninth of July my friend returned from
Staten Island without any food piant, and informed me of our misfortune.
I knew of only two more private places in this city, and another in Astoria,
Long Island, where 4vistolochia sipho is cultivated. Not being acquainted
with the owners, I could not obtain a supply.

The children of neighbours brought me numbers of my Lhd/engr
larve which had crawled into their yards and gardens. I decided to keep
only the largest of these famishing larve, thinking to obtain a few more
chrysalids while waiting for a possible supply of food plant, which, how-
ever, did not come. All others I gave liberty to go where they pleased.
Many returned to the bare stem of my Arzstol/ochia, where they nibbled
at the epidermis of the vines until most had perished.

Necessity compelled the larvz I had in that bonnet box to become £y-
tomophagous, so to speak. Nota leafofa plant,shrub or tree,wild or culti-
vated, would they eat. On the 11th of July I observed several of the
caged larve had spun a thread of silk across their bodies and were sus-
pended by their anal hooks from the sides of the cage. A number of
other hungry larvee were attacking and devouring their own kind which
were helplessly ‘“‘hung up” and could not escape from the onslaught of
these carnivorous larve. On the next day I discovered a few chrysalids
suspended from the box, which during transformation had escaped attack,
while others were being devoured. But before they hardened sufficiently
to permit of removal these chrysalids, too, were attacked and converted
into food! It was a disgusting and repellant sight to witness. From day

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19

to day this larval cannibalism continued to enable a number of individuals
to transform into the second stage. When the chrysalis was not at once
removed it would soon disappear, excepting only the outer case. Some-
times 3 or 4 larve would attack a suspended larva at the same time, and
whenever a dismembered portion of the victim fell to the bottom of the cage
other larve would seize and devour it. A dozen larve and as many
chrysalids were eaten up in four days, and not even the skin of a larva
would remain. Thermometer ranged from 80° to g2° in the shade, but
no sign of decomposition was noticeable in cage. It was dog eat dog, and
not even bones left to tell the tale !

July the 16th only nine larve were left, and two chrysalids transformed
the previous day were in an unsightly condition—literally disemboweled.
All of these larve were very lively, but whenever ready to transform would
never be more than two-thirds the size of those naturally fed. One more
unfortunate hung byits anal feet to become thenext victim in order. July the
1gth three larve were alive, of which one was “spinning the thread of life”. I
again placed 8 or 10 kinds of food plants in the cage, which in twenty-
four hours were untouched. One chrysalid was left intact. I now placed
the remaining two larve on my Aristolochia vines, inasmuch as a new
growth of leaves was in sight. These immediately fed upon the tender
food offered. A number of others, barely alive, were nibbling away at
the bare vines lower down on the plants, and had not yet discovered the
new foliage.

Altogether these were a most carnivorous lot of larvae, from which I
obtained only five chrysalids out of a possible twenty-five larvee retained
in that cage. From one of these emerged, in September, a ¢ imago of
the normal colour, but smaller in size.

I am not aware that larvophagous caterpillars have been reported as oc-
curring among Rhopalocera. In the American Naturalist, Vol. XX., page
556, it is stated that a Lyceenid larva of Fentseca tarquinius feeds upon an
Aphid which is found only on the branches of alder (A/nus serrulata)
affecting swampy localities. One of my liberated PAz/enor larvee fed upon
a cultivated plant of Aza/ea indica, which was a potted plant fifteen
inches in height. I discovered the chrysalid in September, and this was
the only exception as far as I could discover where these had not fed
either upon Aristolochia sipho or their own kind,

0) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS ANISOPOGON.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

The following table includes those species of Amzsopogon at present

Db te

known to occur in this country north of Mexico :—

1.—Scutellum (except sometimes its extreme base) black. ae ae
Scutellum and face ek abdomen yellow, bee with five black
fasciz, wings pale yellow. eee : ......vespoldes, Bigot
2.—Abdominal segments one to four Gil ‘Wauke peas eae oS
Abdominal segments three to six (except sometimes Aner lateral mar-
Bins), TEACISN Maes owas < Bethe io 2 teat eesti ee a eee eS
3.—Wings pure peas the cross veins anil areata alone sometimes
clouded with brown; tibise reddish >< .0506 vue ee sas es ree
Wings more or less Breen: the apex never Bice a tHOtUS,. NSD:

: : : ; rik urus, Loew.
Wings having the apical half blackish........ 2 “ ‘

cibbus, Loew.

4.—Pollen of abdomen extending on the bases of the segments
eee eee ee See ee ae ..senilis, Bigot.
Pollen confined to the apices of the segments........./autus, Loew.

5.—Wings nearly uniform, smoky-gray; head, first two joints of
antennee, thorax and legs obscure brown...........7ubidus, n. sp.
Wings smoky-brown, darkest on apical half; head, antenne and
thorax Dial rie Mace ee oo. Tee genes eta es een eCri ee est

Anisopogon ludius, n. sp. g.—Black, the tibiz and tarsi dark reddish-
brown. Face gently convex, white pilose, bristles of lower part black ;
first joint of antennz slightly ionger than the second, the third joint
tapering to the tip, three times as long as the second, the style slender,
seven-eights as long as the third antennal joint ; pile of occiput, thorax,
pleura, coxz and venter white ; upper side of each front tarsal joint with
a dense covering of appressed white hairs ; upper side of middle femora
toward its apex with a dense covering of short appressed black hairs,
which, however, leave a large elliptical naked space between the apex
and the middle ; middle tibiae white pilose in front, and above the middle
ornamented with a large patch of appressed black hairs and bristles,
which form an inner and an outer fringe; inner side of hind tibiae near
the tip, and also of the hind metatarsi, densely bright yellow pubescent ;
wings smoky brown, lightest at the apex and along the hind margin ; all
posterior and the anal cell open.

2 as in the male, except that the front tarsi, middle femora and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ait

tibiae are not ornamented as in the male, and the wings are much lighter,
the brown forming a border to some of the veins. Length, 12-16 mm.
Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, California, and British Colum-
bia. Two males and three females, in May. The British Columbia
specimen was received from Mr. W. A. Danby.

This species is closely related to A. senz/is Bigot, but in the latter
species the wings are wholly hyaline. and the appressed white hairs on the
front tarsi of the male are confined to the first joint. I have specimens
of the latter species from Colorado and Florida (Morrison). In both
species, the colour of the bristles on the head, body and legs is too vari-
able to be of any value in separating the species.

Anisopogon rubidus,n. sp. 2.—Obscure brown, the following parts
black :—The third antennal joint, basal half of style, proboscis, palpi,
scutellum except its base, first segment of abdomen, basal half of second,
lateral margins of the others, seventh segment and genitalia largely, apex
of venter and upper side of each femur, that on the first and second seg-
ments of abdomen with a strong bluish tinge, brown of abdomen more
reddish than on the other parts ; thorax irregularly marked with grayish
black. Head gray pollinose, the pile yellowish-white ; face evenly con-
vex, the pile extending nearly to base of antennae ; first joint of antennae
slightly longer than the second ; third joint slightly longer than the first
two taken together, tapering gradually to the apex, the style two-thirds as
long as the third joint. ‘Thorax gray and golden pollinose, the pile short,
sparse, mixed black and white ; pleura gray pollinose, its pile and that of
the coxae white, the fan-like pile in front of halteres also white. Pile of
abdomen sparse, microscopic, light-coloured, that on lateral margins and
on venter longer, whitish. Pile of legs sparse, whitish, that on tarsi and
tips of tibiae largely black. Wings smoky gray, all posterior cells and
the anal cell open.

d same as the 9, except that the middle femora have each a cluster
of black pile at its apex in front and two similar fringe-like clusters, one
on the upper. the other on the lower surface at its last third, and above
the middle of each middle tibia are two long dense fringes of black pile
on its inner and outer sides, connected with each ‘other in front ; front
metatarsi destitute of appressed white pile. Length, 14 to 17 mm. Los
Angeles County, Cal. Four females and one male.

Anisopogon patruelis, n. sp. g Y .—Same as the above description of
rubidus, With these exceptions :---Head, antennae, thorax, scutellum and

Ze THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

femora, except the apex, black ; apical third of the first abdominal seg-
ment and the apical three-fourths of the second segment reddish in the
female, but black in the male. Style one and a-fourth times as long as
the third antennal joint. Wings smoky brown, lighter on the base as far
as the furcation of the second and third veins; a lighter transverse shade
passes through the middle of the discal cell. Front metatarsi of the
male densely covered with appressed white hairs above. Length, 13 to
16mm. ‘Texas. <A single male and temale received from the late H. K.

Morrison.

THE LARVA AND CHRYSALIS OF CHRYSOPHANDS DIONE.

Some time ago Mr. Henry G. Willard, of Grinnell, Iowa, very kindly
sent me some of the full grown larve of this species. I made a few
notes at the time which may be of use, owing to the fact that nothing has
been published in regard to the early stages of this butterfly. The food
plant at the home of the insect is Rumex dongifolius, but they readily ate
our common species of dock found here. The full grown larva were
onisciform in shape, grass greenin colour, and 20 mm. in length. Most
of them had a narrow, claret-coloured dorsal stripe, and the entire body,
under a glass, was seen to be clothed with minute black hairs. The larva
is of the same general appearance as that of Chirysophanus hypophleas,
but larger. The chrysalis is the same shape as most others in the
Lyceenidz, and looks very much like Scudder’s figure of the chrysalis-of
E. thoe. In colour the chrysalis is a light hay colour, and the dorsal
abdominal segments are heavily marked with blackish blotches. The
dorsal thoracic segments are peppered with black spots. The wing
covers are lightest in colour of any part, but are also peppered with the
fine black points. The head, eyes and shoulder-joints are covered with
black blotches. One chrysalis, which I think was entirely green and with.
out the black markings, disclosed a C. ¢hoe, but I did not notice any
difference in the larva I had, so I conclude the larvae of the two species
look very much alike. Mr. Willard could perhaps give us something
interesting about the times of appearance and habits of this butterfly, as
it is common in his locality.

Henry SKINNER, M.D., Philadelphia,

THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOUIS'. 25

NOTES ON ZARAIA AMERICANA.—CRESS,
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.

The young larva of Zarwa Americana appears in the beginning of
July on ALenyanthes trifoliata. It lies curled on the underside of the
leaf. Its head is black, and its body lead-colour above and greenish-
white beneath. It develops ‘into the most beautiful Jarva of any of the
Tenthredinidae that I am acquainted with.

Description of the full-grown larva.—Length one and a-quarter
inches. Head black. Body above lead colour—excepting the anal seg-
ment, which is greenish white. The underside and the legs are greenish-
white. The forelegs are tipped with black. Along the back are eleven
pairs of raised and conspicuous bright yellow spots. Between the pairs,
and on either side of them, are conspicuous jet-black spots, which, taken
with the yellow ones, form rows across the back. ‘There are other rows
of smaller black and fpade-yellow spots—two after each row of the larger
ones. The side lines are white. Above these lines, on the margin of
the lead-colour, is a row of black dots. Beneath them, just above the
legs, isa series of raised yellow spots—each spot being surmounted by
one or two black dots.

The larvae were plentiful in one spot, but could hardly be said
to be gregarious, as only one or two were to be found on a plant.
Towards the end of July the larva spins around itself a closely woven,
dark-brown cocoon. In the spinning it usually gathers several leaves of
the plant about it. The larva remains unchanged in the cocoon till
spring, when it assumes the, pupal state. The fly makes its appearance
in the middle of May.

Description of the perfect insect.—In length the fly measures about
nine-twentieths of an inch; and in expanse of wings about eighteen”
twentieths. The antennae are dark brown, six-jointed and clavated.
The wings are faintly clouded with brown. ‘The head and thorax are
dark brown and hairy. The abdomen, which is oval in outline, is of a
rich velvety-brown above, with a slightly bronzy-green lustre. The
colour fades into light reddish-brown on the sides and on the two last
segments. ‘The underside of the abdomen is pale brown. ‘The tibiae
and tarsi are white, and have a waxen appearance. ‘The fly seems to be
somewhat sluggish in its habits.

I am indebted to Mr. E. T. Cresson for the identification of the
insect.

24 Hk CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY.

A NEW FORM OF PRIONIA, AND NOTES ON PLATYPTERYX
ARCUATA AND P. GENICULA.

BY GEORGE H. HUDSON, STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, PLATTSBURGH, N. Y.

Prionia levis, 0. var, or sp.

Primaries without the delicate frosted- or silvery appearance, and
without the numerous short, fine, strigate, brown lines of dz/:neata. The
brown scales are present, but are uniformly and evenly distributed, save
where they form the two brown lines which cross the wing, and a little
darker shading near the outer edge and apex. ‘These two transverse lines
are about a third wider apart than in éz/7veata, the second narrowly edged
externally with the clear, pale vellow ground-colour of the wing. There
is no brown submarginal line, but a wavy, pale yellow line runs from inner
margin to costa, midway between the second line and the outer margin.
The vestiture appears to be more dense and smooth than in the allied
form. Both primaries and secondaries seem to have a more decided
ochreous tint.

Underside with markings more obscured.

Described from one male taken Aug. 13, 1887, and one female taken
Aug. 3. 1890; both from the electric lights.

This may prove to be a seasonal form of bilineata. My dates of capture
for the latter, since 1886, are as follows (the figure after the hyphen giving
the number of specimens). May 8, 10-2, 15-3, 19; June 16, 22-2, 30.

Mr. H. G. Dyar, while here last summer, suggested that this new form
might be tne one which the late Mr. Hy, Edwards (Can. Ent , XIX, 146)
referred to P. lacertinaria, Linn. (=/acertu/a, Den. and Scheiff.). Both
P. bilineata and P. Zevis are distinct from the European form, although
very closely allied to it. Mr. Dyar also called my attention to the fact
that this form seems to vary somewhat after the manner of Platypteryx
genicula from P. arcuata, as pointed out by Dr. Packard in * Proceedings
of the Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.”, Vol. XXIV., page 491, 1890. We
separated the two forms and then looked up the dates of capture, with
results as follows :—

Platypteryx arcuata.—May 10-2, 11, 16-2, 19, 21-2, 24; June 1-2,
3,93 July 27.

P. genicula.—Julv 7, 13, 27-3, 28-2, 31-2; Aug. 2-4, 3-2, 14.

i

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25

FEMALE OF CROCOTA ROSA, FRENCH.
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL.

In describing this species in Vol. XXII, page 133, of the CANADIAN
Entromovoaist, I had before me two males, one from Texas and one from

Ohio. I have now before me a fine fresh female from Champaign, IIl.,

the first of this sex I have seen, and I will give here some additional
characters of the species. The forewings are fawn, a little darker than in
the type, but the latter was evidently a little faded. The hindwings have

a few dusky scales in the outer border near the anal angle. On the fore-
wings the veins are a trifle darker than the spaces between the veins, but
only from the wing being thicker here. Antennae a shade darker than the
forewings; a semiring back of the eyes that is red tinted, as also the
underside of the palpi; upper side of tibiae a little more red tinted.
Abdomen above concolorous with the hindwings, an obscure row of dorsal
dusky spots ; whole of underside of body concolorous with upper side
of forewings.

CORRESPONDENCE.

A CORRECTION.

Sir,—On page 225, Can. Ent., 1892, I described a new Bombycid
genus, 4/e/ia. Finding that this name is preoccupied, I have changed
it to Eumed/ia, calling the insect proper Zumelia Danby:, Neum.

B. NEUMOEGEN.

HONEY-BEE OR HOUSE-FLY.

Sir,—The November number of your journal contains upon its first
and second pages some rather misleading comments on an article of mine
in Scienee, of April 29. There was nothing in the article to justify the
intimation that I had arranged any insects in a “linear series.” The
article was in the main a re-statement of Hyatt and Arms’s view of the
systematic position of the Diptera. To this I added several considerations
tending to reinforce their conclusions. I referred to their placing “the
Hymenoptera second and the Lepidoptera third,” but this does not
necessarily imply anything “ linear.” See their book “ Insecta.”

So far am I from holding the views imputed to me that I prefer not to
regard any of the groups as representing ‘“ parallel branches,” believing
that ‘‘we should make an effort to avoid the expression of lineal rank in
groups of animals.”

26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I purposely based my conclusions upon anatomy alone, because, as I
said, “to introduce the subject of instinct or of usefulness to man, is to
confuse our ideas, for we cannot translate the data furnished by such a

criterion into terms of the other standard.” Judged from that position, it
is very much out of the way to assert that.‘‘ mere specialization is never
a test of rank in itself.” All that I tried to show was that, anatomically
considered, the Diptera are the most highly specialized order.

I trust that it is not out of place to add that the author of one of our
principal introductions to entomology, a man whose opinions have as
great weight as anyone’s in this country, informed his class in entomology
last summer that he had come to the conclusion that the Diptera are the
highest order. I was so informed by one of his students.

J. M. ALDRICH.
Brookings, South Dakota, Nov. 11, 1892.

NOTES.

MELANCHROIA CEPHISE, HUBN

The genus A/e/anchroia has been associated in our lists with Guophaela
to form a family Pericopide. As a matter of fact it isa veritable geometer,
with little more relation to Guopfae/a than is expressed in the statement
that both are Macro-Heterocera! ‘This has, indeed, been recognized in
Europe, and Mr. Butler, when identifying my specimens as JZ. cephise,
added the remark ‘ belongs to the geometrites ”.

M. cephise is very common in Kingston, Jamaica, and on Aug. 5, last

year, Mr. Bowrey kindly gave me a number of the larvae. ‘These were
of the usual form of geometrid larvae, and from them I drew up the
following description :—

M. cephise: Larva about 22 mill. long, body smooth, with a few short
hairs, which are hardly visible without a glass. Head yellow-brown, the
mouth parts dark. Thoracic legs yellow-brown. Abdominal legs tinged
yellow brown. Body pale yellow, with a black ring on each segment,
which extends downwards only as far as the infraspiracular line (except
that on the 4th body segment, which is continuous below). These rings
are broad on the 4th to 8th body segments, but rather narrow on the
others. There is a longitudinal, narrow black subdorsal line, and a black
infraspiracular line, which broadens into triangles (which are spotted with
white) at the junctions with the black rings. The edges of all these black
bands are whitish.

The very young larvae are marked in similar way to those which are
mature. The pupa is brown and rather shiny. The moths began to
emerge on Aug. 15th. TaD sa. COCKERERL,

Institute of Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica.

a A

bo
<I

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

HALISIDOTA MACULARIA, WALK.

I find on further search that A. macularia, Walk. (see Can. ENT.
Vol. XXIV., p. 306), is made a synonym of Alpenus maculosus, Stoll.,
whose habitat is given as West Africa. The citation of it from North
America can only be the result of an error. The occurrence of Hadis:dota
megapyrrha, Walk. (= Ammalo helops, Cram.), is also doubtful, though

not so much so, as its home is in Surinam.
Harrison G. Dyar, Roxbury, Mass.

ASTATUS BICOLOR, SAY.

In the excellent synopsis of the difficult genus Astatus, by Dr. William

J. Fox, published in the September number of this journal, I believe that
gentleman to be in error as to his identification of A. dcolor, Say. This
is an undersized species, not uncommon in Illinois, having the stigma and

the contiguous portion of the submarginal vein of a yellowish rufous

colour—‘ pale rufous”, Say writes—and not black, as Dr. Fox states ; the

legs black, as usual. The species described by Dr. Fox as new, under
the name pygidialis, appears from the description to agree closely with
bicolor, scarcely differing except in the rufo-testaceous colour of the legs
and on the clypeus and antennal scape, which parts are black in dzcodor.
It is possibly an extreme variety of the latter species. I would arrange
the synonymy of this group as follows :—
ASTATUS RUFIVENTRIS, Cress.

Orupiuentris, Cress. Trans. Amer.-Ent..Soc. 1V., p. 218.

bicolor, Fox. Can. Ent. XXIV., p. 232.
A. BICOLOR, Say.

2 6 bicowor, Say. Lec. Ed., 1., p. 166.

terminata, Cress. Trans. Amer. Ent..Soc. IV., p. 219.
A. PYGIDIALIS, Fox.

pygidialis, Fox. Can. Ent, XXIV., p. 234. (?=var. of dzcolor.

Cuartes A. Hart, Champaign, Ill.

BOOK NOTICES.

HistorRE NATURELLE DES ARAIGNEES: Deuxitme Edition, Par Eugéne

Simon : Librairie Encyclopédique de Roset, Paris, 1892.

The first portion of Vol. I. of this most important work has just
appeared (pp. 1-256). The work will be divided into four parts :
1. External Anatomy; 2. Classification; 4. Biology; 4. Geographical
Distribution. Simon arranges the known spiders of the world in 41
families ; three families under the suborder Aranee theraphose ; the
remaining families under Aranee vere; the latter is divided into two

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

b
we)

sections—the Cribe//ate, with eight families, the Aer7be//ate, with thirty
families. ‘This portion of Vol. I. contains the External Anatomy and the
classification of the Aranee theraphose and the Cribed/ate section of the
Aranee vere. The text is illustrated with outline figures. There is no
key to the families, but under each family there is a key to the genera,
after which follow descriptions of the genera and various remarks. The
descriptions of the genera and the keys are in Latin ; the rest in French.
Although the classification will, of course, change from time to time, this
work will be for many years to come a most important work for arachnolo-
gists, and should be found in every college library throughout the world.
N. B.

A SynonyMIC CATALOGUE OF LEPIDOPTERA HETEROCERA (MoruHs) by
W. F. Kirby, F.tk S., F.. Ho Se ete,.cte.7. Volo, Sphinges and
3ombyces. London: Gurney and Jackson, 1 Paternoster Row: 1892.

This forms a large volume of 950 pages, including the Sphinges and
Bombyces of the world, and brought down to May 1, 1892. ‘There are
twenty-nine families recognized, of which the Sphingide form the twenty-
first, preceded by the Notodontide and followed by the Bombycide.
The Castniidz head the list, including as the only North American species,
the genus Megathymus, heretofore classed among the butterflies. The
genus Lagoa, which Dr. Packard has recently proposed should form the
type of a new family, is placed in the Liparide, between Parorgyia and
Orgyia, a most peculiar location. A number of names, long since referred
to the synonymy, reappear under their original generic titles in a very mis-
leading manner, as, for example, Arctia bimaculata Saunders, placed be-
tween 4. fpadlida Stets. and A. Vazs Dru., in the genus Apantesis Walk.
One would hardly look for Cvocata guinaria here. On page 36 is a
curious error, whereby the noctuid genus Awedwardsia, Grote, proposed
for Xauthotrix Neumoegeni, Hy. Edw., is made to stand for Adwardsia
brillians, Neum. <As_ both generic names are thus pre-occupied,
the Agaristid genus may be knownas Eupseudomorpha But errors of this
kind are hard to avoid in a work of the size of this one ; and the arrange-
ment of the moths of the world under a uniform system of classification
makes possible a revision of our North American species to correspond
with it. The correction of certain errors in the location of species, with
which Mr. Kirby is necessarily autoptically unacquainted, can easily be

made, and Mr. Neumoegen and myself have already started on this work.
Harrison G. Dyar.

Mailed January 5th.

The anatltany Entomologist

VOL. XXV. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1893. IN\OF--2:

CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 2.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA.
COLEOCENTRUS CANADENSIS, N. sp.

Female.—Length, 20 mm. Black, with red legs. Head transverse,
as wide as thorax ; cheeks as wide as eyes ; face slightly swollen below
antennee, clothed with short pubescence, and with the inner orbits faintly
yellowish below ; palpi and inner edges of mandibles and labrum rufous ;
vertex and cheeks polished, the area of the ocelli without noticeable de-
pressions or sutures; antenne long and moderately thick, the joints
about forty and subsequal. Thorax polished above; the lobes of the
mesothorax prominent, the central sulcate; pleuree and pectus rugose
or subaciculate, but without definite striz ; scutellum moderately large
and elevated ; metathorax with acute carine ; the area enclosed by the
two discal carinz about twice as long as wide; in the area enclosed by
the two lateral carine the elongate spiracle may be plainly seen almost
in centre; the areas between lateral and discal caring transversely
rugose ; legs slender with robust cox, entirely rufous with exception of
hinder tibie and tarsi, which are somewhat brownish ; wings faintly
yellowish, stigma and nervures brown, areolet small, triangular and
pedicellate, receiving the recurrent nervure at outer angle. Abdomen
sessile, robust, brown rather than black: first segraent twice as long as
wide, not much expanded posteriorly, faintly sulcate above, with indis-
tinct lateral carine ; remaining segments shorter, subequal, margined at
apex (except last) with pale yellow ; the terminal segment compressed
new ed so as to partly embrace the ovipositor; ventral scale very
large, partly covering three apical segments ; ovipositor as long as body,
piceous, the sheaths piceous black, very finely pubescent.

Captured at Casselman, about thirty miles south-west from Ottawa, on
the 26th June, 1883.

50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I have much pleasure in describing this insect, as the species of
Coleocentrus are rare in collections. All the American forms have been
described from Canada, and so far these insects seem to have been
found, with one excepticn, only in our territories.

During a visit to Sudbury, on the 16th of last June, with Mr. Fletcher,
we were so fortunate as to take five examples of the fine species described
by Mr. Cresson in Vol. I., page 35, of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, and
named after Mr. Pettit. I find no record of its occurrence during the
score of years which has since elapsed, and the two females taken by
Mr. Fletcher and the three males which I secured are therefore highly
prized. The females were flying near the ground among the fallen
timber, upon which they were also seen to alight, and in addition to
those captured two or three escaped owing to the rough nature of the
ground. The males were hovering about bushes, and were not at first
recognized as belonging to this genus, as they differ so much in the shape
of the abdomen and in method of flight) A female was also taken by
Mr. Evans during our stay witn him. As the male has not been
described, if indeed previously captured, I append its description in such
characters as it differs from the female.

COLEOCENTRUS PETTITII, Cress. :

Male.—Length, 17 to 20 mm. Black, shining. Face below antenne,
scape of antenne beneath and palpi yellow. Antennz black, nearly as
long as the body, the joints both longer and more numerous than in
2. Legs varying slightly in colour but much paler than those of ?; the
anterior and middle legs, including the tips of cox, are almost yellow,
as also the posterior tarsi; posierior femora and tibiz pale rufous, with a
more or less defined black stripe down the tibiz behind. Abdomen
slender and compressed laterally, as in some Ophionids ; the first seg-
ment much narrower than in the 2; the apex of the last dorsal segment
shaped asin 9.

The posterior tibize of the females are not black as in the specimen
described by Cresson, but rufous or brownish with a black line externally,
as inthe ¢.

Our species may be tabulated as follows :—
Head, thorax and abdomen mostly rufous......... C. rufus, Prov.”
Head and thorax black ; abdomen black or brownish.

Antenne with yellowish annulus.,..........C. mellipes, Prov,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31

Antenne black.
Legs, including cox, brownish fulvous.. C. occidentalis,Cress.
ees Turous,,coxce: black... Aeeaets «cit mein Ge Leltitit: Cress.
Megs rufolis,coxce LUfOUS: Bee asst se «GC. Canadensis, n, sp.

Of the above species, occidentalis is recorded from Vanc. Island, and
has been taken in California by Mr. Koebele ; med/ifes from the Rocky
Mountains ; rufus from Quebec (?), and Peftit/? and Canadensis from
Ontario.

Another fine genus of the Pimpline is Ecthrus, the species of which
in general appearance much resemble those of Coleocentrus. The
females, however, may be readily distinguished by the absence of the
large ventral scale, and by their inflated anterior tibie. The shape of the
areolet and of the last dorsal segment of the abdomen will separate the
males.

ECTHRUS RUFOPEDIBUS. N. Sp.

Female. Length, 20 mm. Black, with red legs. Head entirely
black ; face rugosely punctured and opaque ; cheeks and vertex polished,
but distinctly punctate ; labrum and mandibles polished ; palpi black ;
antenne long and slender: third, fourth, and fifth joints long, subequal, a
white annulus extending from middle of sixth joint nearly to apex of
tenth. Thorax immaculate ; lobes of mesothorax prominent, polished
and punctate, as is also scutellum; pleura and metathorax coarsely
rugosely sculptured, posterior transverse carina of metathorax distinct, but
areas of disc not clearly defined ; wings sub-hyaline, nervures and stigma
black, areolet large, pentagonal ; cox, trochanters and femora rufous,
front tibiae inflated, white, their tarsi almost rufous, middle tibiz and tarsi
brownish, the posterior tibiz and tarsi black. Abdomen stout, basal seg-
ments strongly punctured, the first without distinct carinw ; ovipositor as
long as body, rufous, sheaths black, scarcely pubescent.

This fine species was captured by Mr. Winn at Montreal on the 14th
June, 1890.

I have prepared the following table for convenience in separating the
twelve species of the genus.

FEMALES.
PINGS SINOkY Vota eeEy << i... Gee ae esl wa ea emanres Cress.
Wings banded.

Legs rufous... 00.5...... eavcs.. 0B. nubtlipennts, Cress.

Tree SAG ic ice ian, . Gane os is yd wives Seeetoses,y Prov,

ae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Wings hyaline, or subhyaline.

AbGOMED Ted c...< 0s 0a owes ck aeviea t Loe, Gado melee ess:
Abdomen red and black...............4. Provancheri, Prov.
Abdomen black and white..............4. pediculatus, Prov.

Abdomen black.
Antenne brown, anterior coxee biack.... rubripes, Prov.
Antenne black, anterior coxe red.. . 2. nigricornis, Prov.
Antenne annulate with white.
Ovipositor long.

bews blacker ‘(congo .£. niger, Cress.
Legesed: \2abaxicon E. gn n. sp.
Ovipositor short.
° First abdominal segment carinate,
me ££. annulicornis, Walsh.

First bdownnal segment not carinate,
.£.. canadensis, Prov.

MALES.
Abdomen réd oss 25..002: a3. + Seen oh eee ee Qbaominalzs. Cress:
Abdomen black.
Mees DIGOK +5 2% ¢c:ci0 5... Serameon at dan Sa eee Teer ee
TsO STEW poo 5 Gs 9-4 + Dee be Seta) TAO ear Seco

Two of the species are described from the United States, viz.,
annudicornis from Illinois and xudbidépennis from the Rocky Mountains in
Colorado. Ottawa has furnished two, viz.,; z/ger and abdominalis com-
municated to Mr. Cresson by the late Mr. Billings, and described
Can. Ent., Vol. I, page 37. Of the former of these, zzgev, I have taken
4 9? andi ¢, and have found the female ovipositing in decaying maples
in June. Provancher also records this species from St. Hyacinthe, Que.
The second, addominalis, 1 have not succeeded in finding here yet, but
I was so fortunate as to take a fine female at Sudbury on the occasion of
the visit already mentioned. I have also received this species from Rev.
G. W. Taylor, of Victoria, B.C., and his specimen agrees in every particular
with that from Sudbury. The species mazurus (doubtfully referred to
this genus by Cresson) was described from Victoria, and Provancheri
was also obtained by Mr. Brodie from Vancouver. The species now
described, ru/fofedibus, is from Montreal, and the remaining species, all

described by Provancher, are presumably aiso from the Province of
Quebec.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oo

SYNOPSIS “OF “THE ASILID)} GENUS -BLACODES.

BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Up to the present time but a single species of Blacodes has been
described from the United States: &. de//us, Loew, from Texas. I give
herewith descriptions of three other species, and present a table to aid
in identifying them :—

1 Wings largely hyaline, abdomen and femora black
Wings black, abdomen and femora red ............ Seasecneer ae bellus Lw.

2 Thorax destitute of a crest of hairs, scutellum bearing only two
bristles, tibiz vellow...... ae caaeeS BO rn epee

Thorax furnished with a crest of hairs, scutellum bearing four bristles,

billas Blacher see cteciet ins Sac hihs ss » aebaetemnaieniotaradtacts se scl OF STONE SeuTN A SD:
3 Anal cell open, second submarginal cell appendiculate

palcieie Or pre sinisiale <i) sleisinineis'es Wise roe =n: seevee cesccceess soosevseslIUNCUS, N. SP.
Anal cell closed, second submarginal cell not appendiculate

weer eee se ee eee

Seats iNaisids «oases Seatee ati eemace ene SCL CUSUS ms SD:

Blacodes cristatus, 0. sp., 2.

Wholly black, the tibize slightly piceous. Head light gray pollinose,
that in middle of the front dark brown ; face moderately convex, mystax
black and white, very dense and extending nearly to the antenne; first
joint of antenne slightly longer than the second ; third joint lanceolate,
three times as long as the second joint ; style slender, slightly over half
as long as the third joint. Thorax very convex, gray pollinose and
marked with a broad blackish-brown geminate median stripe, which is
considerably dilated outwardly behind the middle ; on each side of this
stripe is a broad, irregular, blackish-brown stripe extending but little in
front of the middle of the dorsum ; the median brown stripe bears num-
erous black and light yellow pile, which, on the anterior portion, forms
a nearly erect crest ; bristles of thorax black and light yellow; pleura
mottled light gray and dark brown pollinose, the pile white ; the fan-like
row of bristles in front of the halteres is white. Scutellum brown polli-
nose and densely white pilose, the four marginal bristles black. Metano-
tum shining black, a large silvery white spot each side. Abdomen
shining bluish-black, marked with light gray pollen as follows: A spot on
sides of first segment, a transverse anterior and two posterior lateral

9

o THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOG!ST.

oblique spots on each remaining segment, the anterior spot obsolete on
the last two segments, the posterior spots uniting with the gray lateral
margin except on the second segment, each extending obliquely inward
from the posterior angle of the segment and reaching at least a third of
the distance across the segment, those on the sixth segment united ; pile
of dorsum very short, sparse, depressed, mostly light yellowish, that of
the sides and venter longer and white. Pile of legs white, the bristles
light yellow ; front and lind tibiz and their metatarsi densely bright
yellow pubescent within; spur of front tibiz rather slender, middle
tibiz also furnished with a strong, nearly straight black spur at the tip
within. Wings pure hyaline, the extreme apex gray, a large brown cloud
on veins at bases of the first and second submarginal cell, of each pos-
terior cell and of the discal cell; all posterior and the anal cell open,
second submarginal cell destitute of a stump of a vein. Halteres black.
Length, 11 mm. Ventura County, Cal. A single specimen, in April.

Blacodes truncus, .s8p., ¢ ¢.

Same as cristatus, described above, with these exceptions: Tibie,
extreme apex of femora, and base of each joint of the tarsi, yellow.
Pollen of front light gray, mystax very sparse, white ; third joint of
antenne almost linear, nearly four times as long as the second. Thorax
destitute of a medium crest of pile, scutellum not densely pilose, bearing
only two marginal bristles, metanotum uniformly gray pollinose, destitute
of silvery spots. Pollen of abdomen, consisting of an anterior cross band
on each segment, dilated each side so as to reach the posterior angle of
the segment. Brown clouds on wings very faint ; base of second sub-
marginal cell furnished with a long stump of a vein. Halteres yellow.
Length, 9 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Two males and two females.

Blacodes clausus,. sp. ¢ @.

Differs from ¢runcus only as follows: In the female the pollen on
the abomen is much more extended, covering nearly the entire dorsum,
but in the male it is confined to the anterior end and sides of each seg-
ment, that on the sides being greatly dilated inward at the posterior
corner of each segment. Base of second submarginal cell destitute of a
stump of a vein; anal cell closed and short petiolate ; brown clouds of
wings obsolete or wanting. Length, 7 tog mm. Orange County, Cal,
Three males and six females.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

—$—$—$— $$ $$$ —____ — ———

NOTES ON SOME INJURIOUS INSECTS OF TEXAS.
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

The following fragmentary contributions to a knowledge of a few of
the destructive insects of this most interesting State are given here, not
so much on account of their present individual value, as for the purpose
of drawing attention to the riches in store for the entomological worker
who may drift within its borders. In new countries travellers, in
passing through, blaze or bark a tree here and there along the way to
guide those who may follow after. These notes may be but blazes, but
if they prove of aid to others in the future, they will have served their
mission. The major portion of the material for this notice has been sent
me from time to time by my friend, Prof. Geo. W. Curtis, of the A. & M.
College, while others have been received from various other correspond-
ents. To these I have occasionally added some of my own observations,
when they seemed to augment the value of those made by others.

Early in May I received a number of twigs of Fig, in which were
burrowing numerous larve and adult beetles. Of these last there were
Amphicerus bicaudatus, Say, Trogoxylon prrallelopipedum, Mels., and a
single Szzoxylon basilare, Say. The Zrogoxylon have continued to
appear throughout the summer up to date (Sept. 29), while one of the
larvee of Siwoxylon has only transformed to an adult within the last few
days. As I saw adults on Mesquite, burrowing into the wood, in Llano
County, in March,* it would appear that their season of appearance is
somewhat protracted, especially as I have since reared them from this
same lot of Fig twigs in May, June, August and September.

In April, specimens of Blapstinus auripilis, Horn, were sent me from
the vicinity of Galveston, where they were said to be destroying
watermelon vines, the beetles being found in great numbers on
the ground beneath the vines, while the plants withered and died. The
beetles were alive when received, and, having no melon vines, I placed
them on cucumber, which they refused, but ate the young plants of
Polygonum which were growing among them. ‘The accusation in regard
to the destruction of melons, however, will need to be sustained by fur-
ther observation, as they might have died from some bacterial or other
disease, the beetles, though present, having nothing to do with the disease.

Chinch bugs, B/issus leucopterus, Say, were reported abundant in the
central southern portion of the State in April, but I have no information

*JInsect Life. 3, 454.

36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of any serious depredations later in the season. An attack on Alfalfa
was reported, but, unfortunately, the cause of the trouble was lost in
transit, and I can only suspect, from the nature of its work, that it was
some species of lepidoptera, probably a Pyralid, though I hardly think it
could be Hurycreon rantalis. The method of attack on Alfalfa resembles
that of the Parsnip web-worm, Defressaria heracliana, De G., on
parsnip, in that the terminal leaves and stems of the plant are drawn to-
gether and held by a web, and within the enclosure thus formed the
caterpillar evidently lives, feeding from the tender growth, thereby dwarf-
ing the plants. Prof. Townsend, of Las Cruces, New Mexico, writes me
of reports of similar injury in that section of the country, but he has not
yet been able to secure specimens of the depredator,

Considerable injury to the Pecan was reported, and specimens of the
depredator were sent with samples of the injured Pecans. But, again, the
pests escaped, probably to the mail sack, that bourne from which no
entomologist’s treasures ever return. The worms were reported as caus-
ing the shuck enveloping the nut to mould and drop off the tree before
they were full grown, thereby rendering them valueless. In Insect Life,
vol. 4, p. 78, mention is made of a probabiy undescribed species’ of
Phycitid, whose larvze are said to attack the buds of Pecan in early spring.
These were sent from the vicinity of Brownwood, Texas, June 17, while
the specimens intended for me were collected with the injured nuts,
September 14. Whether or not there is any connection between the two
remains to be learned. ;

The Angoumois Grain Moth, Svtotroga ( Gelechia) cerealella, Oliv., is
an every year pest, both in the field and among stored grain. My old
experiments, with heat, made ten years ago, and before the use of carbon
bisulphide came into application in destroying grain-infesting insects, are
less practical than is the use of this fluid drug. ‘The same measure may
be used against the Rice Weevil, Calandria oryse, which appears to be
especially abundant among stored corn, and is, so far as my correspond-
ence and personal observation goes, tie grain weevil of Texas.

The Bag Worm or Basket Worm appears to be exceedingly numerous
the present season in various portions of the State, and the same may be
said of Southern Ohio. Of five sent me from Texas, August ir, and
placed on trees in my yard, four soon clustered together and spun their
fastenings to the same twig, while the fifth amused me by wandering
about in a dissatisfied sort of way, and finally going off by itself to an
adjacent limb, to which it immediately attached itself permanently.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ot

THE LARVA, OF THEFeCLISIOCAMP.As.
BY HARRISON G DYAR, ROXEURY, MASS.

As has been shown by Mr. R_ H. Stretch, the North American species
of Clisiocampa are best separated by larval characters, and this paper
will deal chiefly with them. I refer to Mr. Stretch’s paper in volume I.
of Papilio, which contains about all that has been known regarding the
species.

There are two pretty well defined groups. The first contains C.
disstria, C. erosa and C. thoracica, and the second the remaining species.
The first are not nest-spinning species ; the larve rest in bunches on the
trunk without covering. The second, with the possible exception of
C. constricta, of which I have seen no nest, and of C. zucurva. the larva
of which is unknown, are all nest-spinning. Their webs are formed in
forks of the smaller branches or twigs, as in the well-known C. americana
of the Atlantic States. The Eastern region, from the eastern slope of
the Rockies to the Atlantic, has two species, one belonging to each
group, namely, @sstria and americana. The Pacific Northwest, from the
Cascade Mountains to the Pacific, has also two, one to each group, viz.,
erosa and pluviadis; but the latter, which takes the place of americana,
is not its representative, as evosa is of désstria. The central arid region
has but one species at present known to me, unless éwcurva, described
from Arizona, be found throughout the range of fragilis. C. fragilis is
the only species not a tree feeder, and this habit has evidently been
induced by the absence of deciduous trees in its habitat. California has
four species, all endemic, unless it be that ¢horacica is the same as evosa
of Oregon. Prof. Rivers’s description recalls evosa most vividly, but he
makes no mention of the broad subdorsal blue band so distinct in the
larva of erosa.

§1. Group a@sstria.
CLISIOCAMPA DISSTRIA, Hiibner.

1797---Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins.,Ga., n. 117, tab. LIX. (as P. meustria.)
1816—Hiubner, Verz. Bck. Schm., p. 192, No. 1975.
1889—Hy. Edw., Bull. 35, U. S. N. M. (26 references).
sylvatica, Harris.
1841—Harris, R. Ins., 271.
adrupacearum, Boisduval.
1869—Boisd., Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., xii., 82,

38 tHE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOUISY.

Larva.—Black, with ten elliptical white spots on the back, one on each
segment, except at the extremities ; a sub-dorsal reddish line ; laterai area
largely blue gray, becoming paler below.

Food-plants.—Various forest trees, witch-hazel (Hamamelis), ete.

Habitat.—The Eastern region, from the Mississippi valley to the
Atlantic,

[The above description is from notes made several years ago, and is
not sufficiently full. |
CLISIOCAMPA EROSA, Stretch.

1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 67.

1883—Stretch, Papilio, iii, 20 (as larva No. ii.)

Larva.—Head bluish-gray, with small black spots; hairy ; labrum
whitish. Body black,a row of white or orange-tinted dorsal spots,two on each
segment, rounded, the posterior one the smaller. In the dorsal space are
several supplementary, narrow, orange-red lines, sometimes partly filled in
with blue. An orange-red subdorsal line narrowly separated by a black line
from a broad blue band, minutely black dotted; a narrow black line ; a lat-
eral orange-yellow line; below this blue-gray, with traces of a broken yellow-
ish substigmatal line and one along the bases of the legs. Hair, thin dog-
sally, faintly reddish ; short and dense from the subventral region, silky
white with some dusky and reddish hairs intermixed. On joints 3, 4 and
12 the blue subdorsal band is broken by a quadrate black patch, and in-
cised on the other segments.

Food-plants.— Oak, alder. poplar, willow and fruit trees.
Flabitat.—The Pacific Northwest.
CLISIOCAMPA THORACICA, Stretch.

1881.—Stretch, Papilio, i., 68.

1889—Rivers, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., ser. 11., vol. 1, 105.

Larva.—Prof. J. J. Rivers says:—‘‘ Body obscure brown ; dorsal
ridge ornamented with a row of conspicuous ochre coloured spots, two
spots on each segment, the one placed in front always much the larger ;
the spots are attended by numerous short waving lines of reddish brown,
running longitudinally, and there is a subdorsal line of the same colour
and a spiracular line of a much lighter shade, Its whole length, above
the feet, is occupied with numerous tufts of grayish hairs.”

food-p/ants.— Willow and fruit trees.

Le

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, o

Habitat.—San Mateo Co., (Stretch); Berkeley, Cal. (Rivers). If Prof.
Rivers’s determination of the moth is correct, and Lsee no reason to
doubt it, then the name may have to fall as a synonym of C, evosa; for
the larva is so much the same that there does not seem to be anything in
the description to separate it by, unless the subdorsal blue band be really
absent.

$2. Group americana.
CLISIOCAMPA AMERICANA, Harris.

1797—-Smith & Abbot, Lep. Ins., Ga. n. 119, tab. LX. (as P
castrensis. )

1841—-Harris, Cat Ins., Mass., 72.

1889--Hy. Edwards, Bull. 35, U.S. Nat. Mus., 77. (32 references.»
decipiens, Walker.

1855—Walk., Cat. Brit. Mus., vi., 1488.

Srutetorum, Boisduval.

1869—Boisd., Ann. Eni. Soc., Belg., xil., 82.

Larva.—Head black, pilose, a few long back hairs ; bases of antennz
and labrum white. Body black with a narrow white dorsal line on joints
3-12, fainter posteriorly and speckled with black. An orange coloured
subdorsal band, rather irregular and a little mottled with black. Below
this a subdorsal row of blue dots, two on each segment, elongate, the
anterior one longitudinal, the posterior transverse. Above and below
them is an interrupted orange-tinted line, and below this the lateral area
is mottled with pale blue, becoming brownish in the subventral space.
Hair reddish brown, most abundant subventrally.

food-plants.—Wild cherry and fruit trees.

Habitat.—Florida to Canada : west to the Mississippi Valley.

CLISLOCAMPA CONSTRICTA, Stretch.

1874—Hy. Edwards, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., v., 363.

1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 66.
strigosa, Stretch.

1881—-Stretch, Papilio, i., 67.

1892—Dyar, Psyche, vi., 326, 7. svn.

Larva.— Head powdery blue, with black mottlings ; mouth black,
lower part of clypeus white ; antenne white ringed. Body black, densely

40) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

covered with powdery blue over the whole lateral region up to and
including the subdorsal blue dots, and leaving only a-few black mottlings
and a subquadrate black patch on each segment laterally, bordered
below by an orange dash. Below the spiracles, the blue becomes nearly
white, and anteriorly on the segments tufts of silky white hair grow from
the skin. ‘Traces of a subventral orange shade. Dorsum black without
a dorsal line, the usual pair of orange subdorsal lines narrow and irregu-
lar, heavier at the posterior part of each segment. Considerable con-
spicuous orange tinted hair grows on the back.

food-plant.—Oak ( Quercus Kelloggit).

ffabitat.—The more hilly parts of California.
CLISIOCAMPA AMBISIMILIS, 70v. Sf.

Larva.—Head pale blue, with numerous black spots especially at the
vertex ; labrum and basal joints of antennz yellowish-white ; many white
hairs. Body black, largely mottled with pale blue-gray at the sides and
a series of subdorsal blue dots, two on each segment, the posterior one
of which is produced downward into a transverse dash reaching the
lateral blue region. A dorsal bluish-white line, much broken, but
irregularly so ; in some specimens it is continuous from joint 3 posteriorly,
in others widely broken in the segmental incisures or entirely absent. A
subdorsal series of waved, broken, orange lines, triple or quadruple on
the posterior part of each segment, single anteriorly. A paler broken
lateral line just above the blue area. Hair quite dense, keeled slightly
dorsally and tufted laterally, red on the back, but silky white on the sides,
as in C. coustricta.

food-plants.—Fruit trees.

Flabitat.—Santa Cruz Co., California.

This species occurred to me abundantly on fruit trees at Watsonville,
Cal., but the native food-plant was not determined. The larve are closely
related to C. constricta, differing in the presence of the dorsal line (though
this is not constant) and in the greater restriction of the lateral blue area,
which does not extend up to and enclose the subdorsal dots, as it does in C.
constricta. The moths are very different. The ¢ is rusty brown, with
two pale lines, the @ pale brown, with two darker lines. My specimens
are too poor to enable me to give characters to separate the moths from
C. californica, which they much resemble ; but the larve are abundantly
distinct. Besides the marked difference in markings, the contrast in the
colour of the lateral hairs of the two species is striking. Dr. Packard has

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41
probably confounded this species, as well as C. fragi/is, with C. califor-
nica in the 5th report of the U.S. entomologica! commission.

CLISIOCAMPA CALIFORNICA, Packard.

1864—Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phil., i11., 387.

1877— Packard, Inj. Ins. West, 807.

1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 64.

18go—Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 120.
pseudoneustria Boisduval.

1869—Boisd., Ann. Ent. Soc. Belg., xii, 82.

Larva.—Head black, very hairy except where the occelli are, some-
times tinged with powdery blue in front; labrum whitish. Body entirely
black, except the tips of the abdominal feet, which are pale, covered
with long, fulvous hair, quite thick, especially dorsally, where it is
keeled, and laterally, where it is tufted anteriorly on the segments.
Almost entirely without marks; some have an irregular red sub-
dorsal line, interrupted between the segments and narrowly cen-
trally on each segment, mottled with the ground colour; while all
have a series of subdorsal small blue dots below the red line, only one
on each segment, and sometimes a lateral series of red dashes. In some
even the blue dots are obscure and wanting on the central segments.

food-plants.—Oaks ( Quercus agrifolia and Q. lobata).

fabitat.—The coast region of California.

Dr. Packard has confounded C. fragi/’s with this species, if not others
also, and consequently gives it a habitat much too extended. C. fragilis
is abundantly distinct from C, caZéfornica in the larva, and, though the ¢
moth is very similar, the 9 shows good specific differences.

CLISIOCAMPA FRAGILIS, Stretch.

1881—Stretch, Papilio, 1., 64.

1888—Hy. Edw., Ent. Amer., iv.; 62.

1890—Packard, 5th Rept. U. S. Ent. Com., 120 (as C. californica.)

Larva.—Head blue gray, dotted with black, mouth and ends of
antenne black, labrum and bases of antenne sordid white. Body with
the ground colour black, a broad pale blue dorsal band, broken at the seg-
mental incisures and narrowed a little at both ends of each segment,
absent on joints 2 and 13. Orange subdorsal marks much reduced,
scarcely noticeable, consisting of from one to three narrowly linear,
waved and broken streaks. Subdorsal blue dots, two on each segment,
very large, subquadrate, either separate or confluent on their upper sides,

42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

or also confluent with the lateral blue-gray area, but always leaving a row
of black patches, one in the middle of each segment. A ‘aint, lateral,
pale orange or whitish line, broken and bordering the black patches
below. Below this line to the legs, blue-gray, mottled with black, with
traces of a whitish substigmatal line and one along the bases of the legs.
Venter black, immaculate. Thoracic feet black, the abdominal ones
pinkish at tips. Hair moderately abundant, faintly reddish tinged on the
back, white on the sides, but rather thin and not tufted.
food-plants.—Wild gooseberry (Ribes) and rose (Rosa.)

Habitat.—Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and probably all the
arid region from the eastern slope of the Rockies to the Sierra Nevada
and Cascade Mountains.

CLISIOCAMPA PLUVIALIS, 70v. S/.

1883—Stretch, Papilio, ili , 20 (as larva No. 1).

Larva.— Head hairy, bluish-gray, spotted with black, the spots segre-
gating on the vertex, or covering nearly the whole head; labrum and
bases of antenne yellowish white. Body black, a pale blue dorsal line,
divided between the segments, obsolete at the extremities, and forming 9
rather narrow, elongate, blue spots tapering at their ends, exactly as in
C. fragilis. SA subdorsal row of blue dots, two on each segment, the
anterior one the smaller, and not reaching quite so far down. Between
these is an orange band, starting in a small spot on the anterior part of
each segment and either broken or connected with a broad triangular
widening of the band on the posterior part.’ A distinct, broad, but rather
irregular, pale orange, lateral band, narrowly broken here and there, and
containing a few black dots. Below this, a slight suffusion of blue, mot-
tled with black, and a diffuse and mottled pale orange substigmatal band,
besides another along the bases of the legs. Below, black, with a double
diffuse and mottled bluish band, or the venter all mottled with bluish
white. The subdorsal orange band is very conspicuous, It may extend
from near the dorsal line to below and behind the subdorsal blue spots
and also in front of them, but is usually less on the anterior part of the
segments and always retracted centrally. Its dorsal edge is well defined,
a little curved on each segment, following the outline of the pieces of the
dersal band, but always separated from them by a black space, though it
sometimes nearly surrounds them by connecting over the dorsum with the
bind on the other side, posteriorly on the segments. In some examples
the region below the subdorsal band to the venter is largely overspread

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43

with orange, mottled with the ground color, most heavily just below the
subdorsal band. Hair not thick, reddish, both on the back and sides.

Food-plants.— Alder ( Alnus), apple, ete.

fFlabitat.—Vhe Pacific Northwest, from the Cascade range to the sea.
Found abundantly at Seattle, Washington, and rarely at Portland, Oregon.

The moths do not differ from Stretch’s description of C. fragilis,
except that in the @ there is no broad, brown band on the forewings, but
a diffuse shade outward from the inner dark line ; in some specimens also
bordering the undulated pale outer line. A larger series of specimens
than I possess will probably show further differences, though the species
is closely related to C. fragilis.
CLISIOCAMPA INCURVA, Hy. Edwards.

1882—Hy. Edw., Papilio, 11., 125.

~ The larva of this species is unknown. I have examined the moths in

the collection of Mr. B. Neumoegen.and they seem closely allied to C.
Sragilis. They differ from any other species of this group in that both
sexes are pale. The male is suffused with brown on the forewings, the
lines pale, bordered inside with brown, so that in pale specimens the lines
look brown. The female is the same, but browner, so that the lines are
always pale, the outer waved, the inner sometimes rather faint, so that its
brown edge is the more distinct. In both, the brown is deeper between
the lines than outside them. I am not inclined to give much weight to
the character from which the species was named. CVésiocampa, like
Daitana, cannot be separated by the position or shape of lines, but by
the difference in the relative coloration of similar markings. In CZiszo-
campa, both sexes are needed for a determination. ‘The following table
will separate the larve here described. C. éncurva, only, is unknown.

§1. A dorsal row of rounded spots.
One spot on each segment, = - - @isstria, Abn.
Two spots on each segment.
A broad, distinct, subdorsal blue band, - — erosa, Str.
No distinct subdorsal band ? - - thoracica, Str.

$2. A dorsal line, continuous, broken or absent.
A continuous, narrow white line, - americana, Harr.
Dorsal line, if present, not white ; often absent.
Line irregularly broken or absent.
Lateral region heavily blue shaded,

4.4 THE CANADIAN EN!CMOLOGIST.

Blue inclosing the subdorsal dots, constricta, Str.

Blue not reaching the dots, ambistmilis, Dyar.

Lateral region with no blue shade, ca/c/ornica, Pack.
Line forming a row of elliptical blue spots.

A slight subdorsal orange band, - fragilis, Str.
A heavy orange band, - - pluvialis, Dyar.

ASTATUS BICOLOR, SAY;
BY WILLIAM J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA.

In reply to Mr. Charles A. Hart, who has shown. in the last number
of this journal, that in his opinion I am in error regarding the identifica-
tion of Astatus bicolor, Say; 1 would say that the stigma of the ¢ only
is ‘‘yellowish-rufous”, while that of the 2 varies from reddish-black to
deep black. If he will again consult my synopsis of the genus Astatus
he will find that I used the words “stigma of wings black” in separating
those of the female sex. In regard to my new species, 4. pygidial{s,
which Mr. Hart suggests may be an extreme variety of d/color, it differs
not only in the slight characters mentioned by him, but also in the shorter
and triangular pygidium, and the more feeble armature of the legs; the
scutellum is not furrowea down the middle, and the insect itself 1s much
smailer. Although it w7ght prove to be but a variety of d¢co/or, never-
theless a series of nineteen specimens of that species and three of
pygidialis show no intergradation, and therefore I think I was justified in
describing it as new. I would rearrange the synonymy suggested by
Mr. Hart as follows :

ASTATUS BICOLOR, Say.

A. bicolor, Say. Lec. Edition, IL, p. 166, @ ¢.
A pujdentrés, Cress; lr, Am ink Soc. 1V, p.218, Ga
A. terminata, Cress. ibid., p. 218, ¢.

A. PYGIDIALIS, Fox.

A. pygidialis, Fox. Can. Ent., XXIV., p. 234, 9.
A. bicolor, Hart, (not Say). ibid., XXV., p. 27.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

NOTE UPON THE REVISION OF THE GENUS CUCULLIA.
BY AUG. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY.

The ‘‘ Revision of the Genus Cucullia,” by Prof. Smith, in Proc. U, S.
Nat. Mus., XV., pp. 33, ef. seg., raises the number of described North Ameri-
can species to 14, and is an interesting addition to the knowledge of our
Noctuide. Larger collections from the west have come to hand since my
study of the species and have admitted of fuller comparisons. Although
the species of Cucu//ia are not among the commonest Owlet Moths and
seem to fall less easily a prey to the collector’s efforts than those of many
other genera, still we may conclude that the above figures give, at least
approximately, the N. American representation of the genus. In a com-
parison of the faunze of Europe and North America* I have sought one
distinction in the smaller representation of the Hooded Owlets in
America. Whereas in other leading genera, such as Apate/a ( Acronycta),
Fladena, Mamestra, Agrotis, Oncocnemis, Lithophane, Plusia, Catocala,
the North American species are much the more numerous ; in Cucudlia
the proportion is reversed, and we have only r4 American to 43 European
species of the genus. Of a truth we seem to have only 12 species which
represent structurally the European forms. Two of our species (dzstriga
and ser7 aticornis) I have no doubt (from figures and descriptions, as well
as my own observations upon the Californian form) will come to be
separated generically, or at least subgenerically, from the rest. There
appear to be no analogues to these two species in the European fauna.

It is noteworthy that our North American species belong, in the main,
to the groups represented in Europe by 4lattaria, Asteris and umbratica.
No North American representative of the group of Scoparie appears to be
known, and, in particular, the silvery group containing avgentea is wanting
with us. Our western plains have this in common with the Russian
steppes that they produce //e/zothini in abundance, and when the descrip-
tion of Cucullia luna, Morrison, appeared, I was induced to believe that
we had also found an American silvery species of Cwucué/ia, allied to
argentina from Asirachan or sf/endida from the Ural and Altai. But it
now appears that this species of Mr. Morrison’s is my Lpinyctis notatella,
a genus referred by me originally to the white Heliothians, among such
forms as Pippona and Antaplaga, and where, from its structure, I believe
still it most naturally belongs. At nearly the same time the moth was

*See Grote: ‘‘ Die Verwandtschaft,” etc., Verh. Gesell. Deutsch. Naturf., 2te1
Theil, pp. 148-154, Leipzig, 1890.

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

published by Prof. Smith as a new genus, but “closely allied to Cucué/ia,”
under the name of (Vyctopheata. ‘These facts, which are of interest in a
comparison of opinions upon one and the same Noctuid, are obscured by
Prof. Smith’s brief statement that ‘ the species described as Zuna by Mr.
Morrison is an Heliothid”, l.c. p. 37. According to Smith, Bull. Br.
Ent. Soc. 45, it ‘‘ should stand between Cleophana and Cucullia”.

If, then, we really possess a silvery Cucud//ia, it has yet to be discovered.
Such a form must be looked for in the west, in the States and Territories
adjoining the Rocky Mountains, and, probably, on the eastern side of the
range. But not improbably such forms, so much prized by European
collectors, are entirely wanting in our fauna ; while, although breeding
and more extended research may turn up new species, it may be concluded
that we shall finally remain much behind Europe in the total number of
our native species of Cucu//ia. This fact is important in a study of
geographical distribution. We know too little as yet to generalize upon
its probable cause. The species of Cucud//va run often closely together
and are also confined, it would sometimes appear, to single kinds of food
plants. I content myself here with calling attention to the circumstance.
Upon the following species I would make some notes in reference to Prof.
Smith’s remarks :— :

Cucullia convexipennis, G. & R.

No mention, or | have overlooked it, is made in the Revision of the
somewhat peculiar shape of the wings, to which this species owes its
specific name. I should have been glad had I been able to note that
our observations in this respect had been verified. On the whole, this
seems our most striking species yet discovered.

Cucullia florea, Guen.

The specimen of this species, referred to on page 45 of the Revision
as “from Dr. Lintner”, was given by me, with the above determination,
to Dr. Lintner when he was studying that genus, as also the types of
serraticornis. This unique specimen, which I had determined as /orea,
agreed fairly with Guenée’s figure and description, and Dr. Lintner had
not recognized the species elsewhere when I gave it to him from my
collection. The specimen was, I believe, from New York State, but I had
lost the exact locality. I believed that I had collected it myself at a time
when my attention was not especially directed to the genus. Afterwards,
finding the specimen in my duplicate boxes, I determined the same with-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47

out being certain of its origin. This species, from its grayer colour, is
readily distinguished from fostera or asteroides (2. e. star-like ?, a queer
title for the moth; the Latin name was probably meant to refer to the
European Asteris or to the botanical genus Aster, a food plant for some
of the species) and must be quite uncommon. I never saw a second
example.

Cucullia letifica, Lint., in Grote Check List (1875).

In describing the type of cé¢a, from Arizona, I had no longer speci-
mens of /et:fica, from Texas, for comparison. The discovery of montane,
Grote, had led me to expect new western forms of the genus, and in the
present instance the sexual difference in general colour assisted my mis-
take. I have no doubt that the reference in the Revision is correct, and
that the Texan species extends its range to Arizona. I do not know Prof.
French’s species, also referred here, With regard to Cucudlia solidaginis,
Behr., in Strecker, if my memory serves, I had a note upon it to the
effect that it did not belong to this genus. If so, we have as yet no
typical species of Cucu//ia known from California or west of the Rocky
Mountain range. I must concur with Mr. Smith’s remarks upon the
descriptions of Behr. in Strecker.

In my opinion the Cucud/ini form a tribe of the Voctuine, sufficiently
characterized by comparative characters. These consist in the elongate
wings, the tapering abdomen, the fine and smooth vestiture, the hooded
collar, the pencilled anal tuft, the short and unarmed legs, naked and
lashed eyes. The European species have, in the group of Scrophularia,
the fringes of primaries dentate. The rest, with the American forms,
seem to have them even. The usually smooth larve are very distinctly
marked, but are not easily distinguished upon the food-plant. In habit
and character they resemble He/iothis somewhat. The flower of a purple
double aster I had here, blooming in a pot on my window-sill, contained
the coiled and partially hidden full-grown larva of one of the European
species, which I did not discover for some days. The pupation is effect-
‘ed in the ground in a dense cocoon mixed with earth, the moth appearing
in the spring. The larvee, when disturbed, often make a jerking motion,
reminding me of that of the Hawk Moth, Zhyreus Adbdotii. It must
indeed be said that the moths are not without some resemblance to the
Cherocampine,

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In my Revised Check List of 1890, I have given eleven species of
Cucullia. ‘The list must now be changed to include the following four-
teen apparently valid names :

I. convexipennis, G. & RX. 8. leetifica, Lentn.

2. montane, Grote. 9. Speyerl, Lzntn.

3. similaris, Sy7tf. 1o. dorsalis, Svzth.

4. obscurior, Syth. 11. intermedia, Speyer.
5. asteroides, Gwen. 12. cinderella, Smzth.
6. postera, Gwen. 13. bistriga, Smth.

7. florea, Guen. 14. serraticornis, Lz7?v.

A TRYPETID BRED FROM GALLS ON BIGELOVIA.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

A round, white, woolly gall was found on stems of Bigelovia (sp.
probably gvaveolens) in several localities in western New Mexico the past
summer, from June 19 to 22. Those found June 19 were old galls, and
were met with near Luera Spring, in Socorro county. On June 21 the
fresh galls were found in numbers near Gallo Spring. Sometimes two pr
three were found near each other on the same stem or twig of the plant,
and in one case three galls were found joined together, forming a triple
gall. On June 22 they were found extremely common west of Apache
Spring, thus seeming to increase in number.in a westerly direction, as did
also the patches of Bigelovia, every plant of which was full of them. The
last two localities are on the Pacific slope of the Continental Divide, the
first locality (Luera Spr.) being to the east of the divide about 4o miles.

Many of the galls found June 22 were opened at the time and dis-
closed several hymenopterous pupe which were at first taken for the gall-
maker. Some also contained a small white larva, probably belonging to
the hymenopteron. Most of the galls, however, contained puparia which
were taken for those of a tachinid, but which were in reality the puparia
of a trypetid and the original gall-maker. None of the puparia were
noticed to contain the fly, and numerous galls that were picked and kept
in pill boxes for several months developed no trypetids. _It was later
found, however, that two of the puparia extracted from the galls at this
date and placed in alcohol contained the pupa within. The credit for the
breeding of the fly is due to Professor C. P. Gillette, who sent me speci-

—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49

mens of the fly and gall. Several flies were bred by him from galls which
he collected at Dolores, Colo., June 18, the flies issuing June 19. The
following is a description of the gall made by Professor Gillette at the
time :—

Galls sub-globular in form, varying from 14 to % inch in diameter, and
borne singly along the side of the stems of Bigelovia. They are very
light in colour, being densely covered with a short white woolly hair.
Beneath this fuzz the substance of the gall is greenish in colour and quite
brittle. At the centre of each gall is a single larval cell containing, at this
date, the puparium of some fly. From the larval cell a burrow leads to
the woolly outer covering, which it never penetrates, and it cannot be seen
from the outside. The galls are very common. :

I have little to add to this description. ‘The galls which I collected
measure (dried) from 8 to 11 mm. in diameter, the average being about
gmm. The wool is extremely fine in texture. As before stated, they
were often approximated to each other on the same stem. Their form
seems to indicate more or less plainly a bud-like growth, and they very
often show the opening of the larval burrow on the outside.

I have referred this trypetid to the sub-genus Zwrosta, Loew, because
it seems to come nearest to this group of species, though it does not en-
tirely fit the characterization. The fifth vein is not bristly, scutellum has
only two bristles ; the front is what I should call very broad, perhaps not

“remarkably” so; the third antennal joint is short, but the ovipositor

seems to be somewhat flattened instead of conical. The following is a
description of the species :—

Eurosta (Trypeta) dbigelovie, n. sp. °.

Wings do not resemble any figured by Loew in monographs ; they
are very pale at base, rest blackish fuscous, except the white reticulations,
and a slightly flavous portion near centre, and a little approximated to
costa, being situated in basal portion of submarginal, distal portion of first
basal and proximal portion of apical cells ; a white spot on costal mar-
gin before and just reaching the costal spine, before this an elongate
transverse white spot extending from costa back to posterior (second)
basal cell, and bordering on the pale basal portion of wing ; on costa in
marginal cell two white spots, the inner one just beyond and at extremity
of first longitudinal yein, the outer one more elongate transversely and

50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

extending nearly across submarginal cell, the inner one wholly in mar-
ginal cell ; marginal cell more or less pale, at least on costal portion ;
submarginal cell with a longitudinally elongate, slightly cresentic pale area
in its apical portion ; an elliptical, longitudinal white spot in first (anterior)
basal cell at its distal two-thirds just the width of cell; a round white
spot nearly in middle of widened distal portion of discal cell, a little
approximated to anterior border of cell ; a transversely oblique, somewhat
elongated white spot in apical cell on its distal two-thirds, but little sepa-
rated at its posterior end from a similar spot in distal portion of second
posterior cell, which, however, reaches hind margin, where it slightly
widens, these two spots having the same oblique direction pointing out-
ward toward the hind margin of the wing; a large inverted V-shaped
white spot nearly in middle of second posterior cell, a little nearer
base, slightly bulged on its inner (toward base of wing) margin, and
its prongs reaching hind border of wing; two smaller, quite widely
separated white spots bordering on hind margin in distal portion of
third posterior cell, the outer one touching fifth longitudinal vein near
its extremity ; a large, white spot a little before middle of third pos
terior cell, extending from anterior border of cell back through
fourth posterior cell to hind margin of wing; a small, rather tri-
angular white spot in extreme basal portion of third posterior cell and
nearly behind the elongate marking above referred to as bordering on the
pale basal portion of the wing ; anal angle broadly white, extending into
the anal cell, and joining the pale basal portion ; wing veins at base, in-
cluding the costal vein where it borders the white spots, pale yellowish ;
halteres pale yellowish.

Head, including front, frontal bristles, face, antenne, cheeks, pro-
boscis, and palpi, pale yellowish, arista slightly darker apically and bare ;
occiput darker on upper central portion ; eyes blackish (are probably
green in life) ; second and third antennal joints of nearly equal length,
palpi enlarged apically and tips reaching to tip of proboscis ; front nar-
rowed anteriorly, on vertex more than one-half width of head ; front set
on ocellar area ; anterior portion of orbital margins and vertex with short
pale yellowish bristles, including a row on each side descending obliquely
inward from vertical angles, meeting in centre and forming a V, also with
a pair of long, nearly erect bristles on vertical margin, and three shorter,
sub-appressed, inwardly directed pairs on anterior orbital margins. Thorax
blackish, dorsum and pleurze, including scutellum, thickly set with short,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51

pale yellowish bristles, some long yellowish bristles on pleure and pos-
terior dorsum of thorax, and a long pair arising from sides of scutellum :
scutellum blackish at base, pale yellowish on margin and apex. Abdo-
men rufous or dark fulvous, anal segment black, ovipositor rufous. Legs
entirely pale yellowish.

Length of body (incl. ovipos.), 5 mm. ; of wing, nearly 414 mm.

Described from one specimen bred by Professor C. P. Gillette from
galls collected at Dolores, Colo., June 18. Issued June 19.

An imperfectly-hardened @, which I collected in Johnson’s Basin,
in Western Socorro county, N. M., June 23, differs in the lighter abdo-
men, rufous anal segment; the more grayish short bristles of thorax, and
darker long bristles of thorax and scutellum ; in the oblique white mark-
ing of apical cell being united with the distal one of second posterior cell ;
and by the large inverted V-shaped marking of second posterior cell
being represented by an oblique elongate marking parallel to the pre-
ceding, and a short marking inside it, both bordering on the hind margin
of wing. It will need more material to establish the distinctness of this
specimen.

Puparium of £. dzge/ovie, containing pupa: Length, 4 mm.; greatest
width, 214 to 2 2-5 mm. Stouter posteriorly,.rufous on posterior portion
and brownish anteriorly, eyes and wings of pupa showing beneath pupari-
um as black spots. Puparium showing twelve segments, counting anal
and capital plates. Mouth parts of larva showing in centre of capital
plate at anterior end of puparium as a very small, central, raised circle,
with usually eight primary radiating ridges, their length less than twice
the diameter of the circle, these ridges longitudinally and often deeply
fluted, giving appearance of smaller, more numerous ridges ; a pair of
circles exactly similar to the central circle placed on outer margin of the
area of radiating ridges, a little dorsally of the central one, and with it
forming the three corners of a triangle; from the central circle there ex-
tends ventrally a linear, elongate, forked black body seen beneath the in-
tegument of the puparium. Anal stigmata showing in centre of ana-
plate as a pair of small blackish spots, each bearing three principal black
tubercles arranged in a slightly crescentic form with the convexity ventral,
and a smaller black tubercle in concavity of each crescent, one or more
other still smaller ones sometimes apparent ; a small, depressed median

pe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

orifice slightly dorsal to the pair of stigmata, and a third less distinct
median stigma considerably removed ventrally from the pair.

Described from two alcoholic puparia taken from galls collected near
Apache Spring, June 22, and containing pupe.

The hymenopterous larvae aud pupz which I found in the galls, June
22, and which are undoubtedly those of a parasite of the trypetid, con-
sisted of two small larve, and a ¢ and @ pupa, the latter at once dis-
tinguished by the long ovipositor curved forward over her back. ‘This
parasite seems nearly to equal its host in size.

The larvee, in their partially curled position, measure 24% to 3 mm.
long, and fully 2 mm. wide ; tapered suddenly toward head and quite so
toward anal extremity ; whitish, very pale dilute yellowish after immersion
for some months in alcohol, mouth parts blackish.

Q pupa, 4 mm. long, 1144 mm. wide ; ovipositor curled forward over
back, reaching tip of scutellum ; after immersion in alcohol pale fulvous
? 5 ]
abdomen at base and eyes blackish. Ovipositor, in its curled position,

measures nearly 3 mm.
‘

g pupa, 3 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm. wide; pale fulvous, eyes
black. .

It should also be mentioned that there was bred from the galls
collected near Gallo Springs, June 21, a very small weevil less than 3
mm. in length, perhaps an inquiline in the galls. The galls were left
attached to very short pieces of the stems, but it is not likely that the
weevil came from the stems, which are very small. Moreover a careful
examination of the stems with a lens shows no exit hole whatever in
them.

Novre.—Since writing the above, I have found that Mr. Theo. D. A. Cockerell
records, on page 106 of West American Scientist, vol. 6 (Sept., 1889), the breeding of
a cecidomyiid ‘‘from woolly trypetid galls on 4zvelovia.” Mr. Cockerell has also
Sent me a small gall of this species, with the following note: ‘‘Gall of Z7yfeta
bigelowie, Ckil., Ent. Mo. Mag, 1890, West Cliff, Col.” I have not seen Mr.
Cockerell’s mention of this species in the Ent. Mo, Mag., and do not know whether he
described the fly or only the gall. At all events the discovery of the trypetid nature of
the gall belongs to him. When I named the trypetid as above, I did not know that
the same name had been proposed for the same insect by Mr, Cockerell.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. io

THE MEMBRACID OF ST. VINCENT ISLAND, W. I.

BYseiin We GODING YM. | Di PH.D RUTEAND, “ILL.

The material forming the basis of this paper was sent to me last
October by Prof. C. V. Riley for determination. The species were
collected by H. H. Smith in St. Vincent, West Indies, and are among the
most interesting forms of this remarkable family.

Subfamily CENTROTINA#, Stal.
I. Monobelus fasciatus, Fabr.
¢. One example in National Museum.
Subfamily SMILina, Stal.
2. Acutalis trifurcata, N. sp.

2. Head greenish-yellow, with an oval spot in the middle (in which
are the ocelli), and a curved black line around the apex ; prothorax
shining greenish-yellow, a broad line ending just before the apex,
at its middle sending toward the front a line, on each side, which
does not reach a line through lateral angles, these lines together resembling
a three-tined fork ; median line behind this fork much broader ; at base
of median line a bread line branches from each side backward and out-
ward in the form of an arrow-head; base of prothorax very narrowly
shining black ; tegmina very pale yellow, veins indistinct ; chest, femora,
tibie and tarsi dark brown. Length, 3 mm.; width, 114 mm.

Described from one female ; type in National Museum.

This species 1s near ///inotensis, Godg.

3. Acutalis apicalis, n. sp.

$- Shining black, with a submarginal yellow line on each side,
originating at the apex of head it extends posteriorly nearly to apex of
prothorax, where it converges towards the line on the opposite side, but
they do nct come together ; apex bright yellow; lateral angles of pro-
thorax produced in small tubercles ; tegmina light yellow, veins darker
Legs light brown, tarsi annulate with brown.

Length, 3 mm.; width, 144 mm.

Described from one male ; type in National Museum.

This species is near faviventris, Leth. It may prove to be the 2 of
trifurcata, Godg.

Subfamily MEMBRACIN&, Stal.
4. Sphongophorus (Lobocladisca) vexillifera, n. sp.

Sex (?) Dark brown fuscous ; very densely and coarsely punctured.

Head vertical, nearly quadrangular, a little longer than the width between

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

eyes ; eyes small, brown; ccelli on a line with superior edge of eyes,
to which they approach nearer than to each other. Prothorax in front
convex, armed with a long, slender, nearly upright compressed horn,
leaning slightly forward, seen from side, slightly sinuous and armed near
middle of posterior edge with a small tooth ; seen from front, thinly com-
pressed, and at apex bidentate, the small teeth divaricate ; behind anterior
horn near middle of posterior process is a medium sized, compressed,
rounded lobe, which, when seen from side, resembles the helmet of a huzzar,
the top of which has a sharp, slender, needle-like spine pointing upward ;
behind the base of this lobe the posterior process extends backward in a
low, small, triangular process, placed vertically, with a slender spine
extending posteriorly from the base. Lateral angles very prominent ;
front margin arched to receive the head, the sides of prothorax extending
downward in ear-shaped lobules behind the eyes. _Elytra ferruginous, with
a large black spot across the middle. All the tibiz very widely dilated
and thin.

Length, 6 mm ; to tip of tegmina, 7 mm.; breadth, 314 mm.; altitude,
6 mm.

Described from one example, the sex of which could not be deter-
mined without mutilating it. Type in National Museum.

This is nearest to rZgédus, Stal. It belongs to Stal’s subgenus Logo-

CLADISCA, which with its related subgenera are characterized as follows :—
[PHORUS, Fairm.
Posterior prothoracic process unarmed at the middle...... Subg. SPHONGO-

Posterior prothoracic process armed at or near middle with a process.
Anterior horn undate, lengthily curved backward, posterior or
inferior Gdge unarmed. caveesestreneeees « ‘aeevdas CLADONOTA, otal:
Anterior horn substraight, not curving behind lobe of posterior
process, posterior or inferior edge armed with a tooth or tobe
pre SiGe Mosc cbac erwin «cain. «ep eeeeeeneew tek ele LOR Oe bese caea reas
5. Sphongophorus ( Cladonota) albofasciata, 0. sp.
¢. Blackish-brown, coarsely and roughly punctured, tuberculate-
Head longer than wide, inferior edge 3-lobed ; ocelli ona line with superior
edge of eyes, red, nearer to eyes than to each other, and near base of
prothorax. Prothorax highly convex, armed anteriorly with a horn which
at first extends upwards, strong and stout; from posterior superior angle
it extends, slender and thread-like, posteriorly upward and backward for
another third, then it suddenly enlarges in a nearly quadrangular, com-

Ou

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

pressed, foliaceous lobe, having a tooth extending posteriorly ; this lobe
is compressed in centre with a diamond-shaped outline at the posterior
edge ; about the middle of the posterior process is a cylindrical upright
horn, constricted on sides at middle, the upper part produced anteriorly
and receives the foliole of the anterior horn which rests upon it ; behind
this horn the posterior process is slightly enlarged towards apex, where
it is truncated diagonally downward and backward. Elytra light brown
ferruginous, with a white band extending across the middle. Tibie all
all widely dilated.

Length, 5 mm.; altitude, 344 mm.

Described from one male. Type in National Museum.

6. Bolbonota ( Tubercunota) bispinifera, n. sp.

f. Black, covered with auriferous pubescence finely tuberculated.
Head longer than wide, sides of face dilated ; ocelli on a line with eyes
and near base of prothorax, nearer eves than each other. Prothorax
highly convex anteriorly, behind elevated portion strongly declivous ; at
upper edge of declivity is a short, cylindrical spine pointing upward and
backward, and between this and apex of posterior process is a larger
transverse spine pointing directly upward ; lateral angles produced in
tubercles, above which are two little elevated lines on each side, the
superior one reaching middle of inferior border of prothorax, diverging
posteriorly, the surface between these and median carina smooth. Tegmina
with basal portion black, remainder hyaline, veins black. Anterior pair of
legs dilated, middle and posterior pairs triquetrous, with strong spines,
dark brown.

Length, 14% mm.; breadth, 1 mm.

Described from one male: Type in National Museum.

It is near dztuberculata, Stal., and zmeguadis, Fabr., and belongs to
the subgenus Tugercunora, Godg., which with its ‘relative may be dis-
tinguished by the following table :—

Posterior process of prothorax behind middle furnished with a high
transverse tubercle or spine, more or less compressed antero-
posteriorly ; anterior part strongly and gradually elevated up to
Paice s taroorise cite +> seaman Subgenus TuBEeRcuNoTaA, Godg.

Posterior process from apex, seen from side, depressed, in front of
depressed part dorsum straight or lightly uni- or bi-sinuate
Rw enent West onde <<.v se Saeweeee COUDPEMUS DOMBONOTA, A.) dS.
(Types Seratans ca ., aureo-sericea, Stal.)

56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The type of the subgenus Tupercunora, Godg., is dispinifera, Godg.,

which is the smallest known member of the genus.
Lnchophyllum ( Tropidocera) Rileyt, n. sp.

g and 9. Head black ; prothorax beautiful orange-red, the anterior
norn and a stripe passing downward from it, on each side, forks, one
branch in front and one behind lateral angles, the front branch extending
to eye, the hind one spreading out for a little distance along inferior border,
in some examples, all the way to apex, black. Tegmina opaque brown-
black, veins distinct. Legs black, front and middle tibiz dilated, posterior
tibiz triquetrous and spined.

Length to tip of tegmina, 6 mm., including anterior horn, 10 mm.;
altitude, 3 mm.

It belongs to Stal’s subgenus TROPIDOCERA Near guingue-maculatum,
Fm. I take pleasure in dedicating this, the most beautiful member of
the genus, to mv esteemed friend, De C. Vv: Riley, who kindly presented
me with the types and who has aided in many ways my studies of this
difficult group.

Types in collection of F. W. G., and National Museum.

Described from five examples.

A STATEMENT IN CORRECTION.
BY AUG. R. GROTE, A. M.

In that most useful paper, the “ Directions for Collecting and Preserv-
ing Insects,” by Dr. C. V. Riley, Washington, 1892, occurs the statement,
on page 137, that the periodical, the North American Entomologist, was
“published by the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences.” The fact is
that the little monthly, which only reached its first volume, was edited
by myself, and printed and published by Reinecke & Zesch, a Buffalo

printing house. The material was written or collected together
by myself, and the few plates, mostly contributed by the authors,
were gotten up at my sole trouble, and even expense. L cor

rected the proofs and had sole charge of the periodical, which
was intended to include short articles and reviews of current literature
upon its subject. The subscriptions, advertisements and what profit
resulted upon the undertaking went entirely into the pockets of the
printers, who, on my suggestion, undertook the outlay for printing and
paper. I received no consideration whatever for my work. The Buffalo
Society had nothing, in any shape or manner, to do with the matter. My
name is upon the title page and not that of the Society, nor can I find
that the Society’s name has been ever previously brought forward in con-
nection with my little venture. I am entirely at a loss to account for Dr.
Riley’s statement, which misrepresents my entomological labours in this
particular,

Mailed February 4th.

the Canatiag, Hontomolagist

VOL. XXV. “LONDON, MARCH, Bean: Niow:3:

CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA.—No. 3.

BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA.

In my last paper (see page 32) I unfortunately repeated the error
made by Provancher in giving Vancouver as the habitat of Ecthrus Pro-
vanchert. I overlooked its correction (Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, page 160)
by Mr. Brodie, who obtained the insect from Muskoka.

Having recently restudied and rearranged my Ottawa collections of
Phyllophéga and Xylophaga, so as to prepare for publication in the
Ottawa Naturalist a complete list of the local species, I have made
some notes which may be of more general interest. There are also
several species, apparently new, which I prefer to describe here, as I
think that all new species should be described (or at least redescribed) in
some publication devoted entirely to Entomology, and accessible to all
students. The publication of species in miscellaneous proceedings and
transactions prevents many entomologists from having access to them,
necessitates an outlay of money and time which in many cases cannot be
spared by students, and gives rise to much unnecessary synonymy, etc.

One point of interest in the Tenthredinide is the excess of the
females, both as regards species and individuals. Of the 152 species
which have been taken in this neighborhood the females of 139 species
are represented, and the males of 82 only. Both sexes are recognized in
69 species, leaving 70 represented by the female only, and 13 bv the male
only. This disparity of the sexes is more marked in some sections of
the subfamily, notably in the unwieldy and difficult genus Nematus,
where of 34 species there occur females of 32,and males of only to., @. e.,
only the male of every third species has been found.

The scarcity of males among sawflies is even more marked, when the
occurrence of individuals is considered ; for in 1,262 specimens there are
885 females and 377 males. Of many species the females and males
differ so much in coloration that they have been described as distinct
insects, and the relationship of some have undoubtedly not yet been
recognized, but there are other species of which, while the sexes are

D8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

known and readily distinguished, it is very difficult to obtain the males
either by collecting in the field or by breeding. Of such may be instanced
Nematus Evichsonii, Hart. (= . cinctus, Newm , according to Kirby), of
which I have only obtained one male, although the females can be taken
in any desired number.

Acordulecere saginata, Prov., is apparently the male of 4. dorsalis,
Say., a species which is found upon oak and hickory, the larvae skeleton-
izing the leaves.

NEMATUS RUFOCINCTUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 8mm. Black, with
pale legs and rufous band on abdomen. Head rather small; the ocelli
in shallow basins defined anteriorly by a distinct sinuate ridge above the
antenne ; edge of clypeus, labrum and palpi whitish ; antenne slender,
with subequal joints. Thorax polished ; tegule, angles of prothorax and
legs in great part, white ; the anterior and median femora toughed with
brown ; posterior legs with apical two-thirds of femora, apical half of
tibie and the tarsi, black ; wings large, hyaline ; nervures and stigma
black ; third submarginal cell quadrate, small, hardly larger than first ;
the recurrent nervures received about one-fourth respectively from the
base and tip of the second submarginal cell. Abdomen robust, with
dorsal ridge ; basal plates, sides of first segment, spots on fifth, and the
terminal segments black, remainder rufous.

One female taken near Hull on 26th June, 1887, upon alder, and in
general appearance resembling a small 4. Zrichsonii, Hart.

NEMATUS THORACICUS, n. Sp. Female—Length, 6 mm. Head, meta-
thorax and base of abdomen black, remainder rufo-testaceous. Head as
wide as thorax, ridges surrounding oceili ill-defined, but prominent be-
tween antennze; palpi and inandibles pale, the latter with red tips ;
antenne long and slender, joints subequal. Thorax rufous, except sutures
below wings and the scutellar region, including the scutellum, black ; legs
rufous, the posterior with tips of tibiz and the tarsi almost black ; wings
hyaline, nervures and stigma brownish, third submarginal cell one and
one-half times as long as wide ; recurrent nervures received respectively
about one-fifth from base and one-sixth from apex of second submarginal
cell. Abdomen short and stout, slightly ridged dorsally ; basal plates
and spot on first and second segments black, remainder rufous.

One female taken near the city on May 11th. This species is near
LV. bivittatus, Nort., but the head is much less rugose, and the mesothorax
is not lineate with black, etc.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AQ

NEMATUS LINEATUS, n sp. Female—Length,7 mm. Rufo-testaceous.
Head nearly white below the antenne, and honey-yellow above, palpi
dusky ; antenne as long as head and thorax, rather stout, black ; a black
spot between ocelli. Thorax orange-yellow ; tegule and angles of pro-
thorax white ; a line on median lobe of mesothorax, a spot above inser-
tion of posterior wings, the apex of scutellum and adjoining sutures,
black ; legs yellow, cox and trochanters paler, tips of posterior tibiz
and tarsi dusky ; wings hyaline, nervures brownish, stigma pale, third
submarginal cell nearly twice as long as first, recurrent nervures received
about one-fourth the distance from base and tip of second submarginal
cell. Abdomen broad, compressed toward apex, paler than thorax, basal
plates and narrow broken dorsal line black, ovipositor prominent.

One female collected near city on May sth.

Fenusa varipes, St. Farg. (melanopoda, Cam.), previously recorded by
Mr. Fletcher as introduced from Europe, was observed on Aug. 26th,
upon native alders in a swamp not far from the Experimental Farm, and
a number of the leaves showed the characteristic blotches caused by the
larvee. ‘The species can, therefore, be considered as naturalized.

Emphytus multicolor, Nort., (= Strongylogaster multicolor, Nort., =
Emphytus hullensts, Prov.) This is one of the species in which varia-
bility in wing-venation has led to a redescription. I have the types, @ ¢,
of Z. hullensis, and they agree exactly with the description of S. mu/ti-
color. Of six specimens which I have since collected, four have four
submarginals, as in S. ‘mu/ticolor, one three submarginals, as in &.
hullensis, and the remaining one has three cells in one wing and four in
the other. As the insect seems to more nearly resemble an Emphytus
than a Strongylogaster or Taxonus, I have referred it to the former genus.

Harpiphorus tarsatus, Say. From a series of specimens taken upon
Cornus it seems evident that Z varianus, Nort., and H. versicolor, Nort.,
are only varieties of this species. My specimens vary much in colour,
but even the blackest show more or less trace of rufous. The insect is
very active and difficult to net, as it darts to and fro among the bushes.
On one occasion I heard a rustling of insect wings on a branch near the
ground and found it to be caused by two males in pursuit of a female,
and I netted the three at one stroke.

Monostegia maculata, Nort. I have already (Insect Life, Vol. IL., p.
227) discussed the variation in the wing-venation of our common Straw-
berry Sawfly, and a further examination of the species seems to indicate

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

that it should be placed in the genus Monostegia. It is certainly very
unlike the other species of Harpiphorus. Under the name JZ. cgnota,
Nort., I propose to retain a few immaculate specimens which also
slightly differ in other respects.

MACROPHYA ALBILABRIS, n. sp. Male—Length, 8 mm. _ Black ;
anterior legs and base of posterior pale. Head rugosely punctured,
almost opaque, no depressions or sutures above antenne ; clypeus deeply
emarginate, labrum truncate ; both, with spot on mandibles, white ;
antenne stout. Thorax coarsely punctured, the scutellum rugose ; edge of
tegule and fine line on border of prothorax white ; anterior and median
legs pale, including portion of coxz, the femora and tibiz with dusky
abbreviated lines above ; tips of posterior cox, the trochanters, basal
third of femora with line below to apex, white ; remainder of femora, the
tibize and tarsi, black. Edges of basal plates white dorsally.

One male taken near the city, but not dated. This insect is closely
allied to AZ. favicoxe, Nort., and may prove but a variety of that species,
though none of my examples of favicoxe show any variation of this
kind. The chief differences are in the colour of the posterior legs, the
white touches on basal plates, and the more deeply emarginate clypeus.

Pachyprotasis omega, Nort.—The insect described by Provancher
(Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, p. 50.) as Synairema americana, seems, from .
his description, to be identical with this species, except that he gives the
length as .46 inch, whereas my largest specimen of omega is only about
-35 inch. Norton in his description of the species gives the length as
.26 inch.

Pachyprotasis delta, Prov. Since my notes on this species (CAN.
Ent., Vol. XVIIL, p. 32) I sent to Mr. Kirby a small lot of Tenthre-
dinide regarding which he writes: “ The principal remark I have to make
on this lot of insects is, that the insect sent as Zenthredo (?) delta, Prov.,
is a true Pachyprotasis, near P. discolor, Klug., an European species.”

Pachyprotasis varipicta, Har. On June 7th, I captured two males
which evidently belong to the species which I described as a Harpiphorus
(Can. Ent., Vol. XXI., p. 96), and these show that the species belongs
to Pachyprotasis, and has, like P. de/ta, very unstable wing venation. One
specimen has, like the female described, two cross nervures in the lanceo-
late cell of one wing. The other has in the right anterior wing five sub-
marginals, the third cell being subdivided almost in continuation of the
second recurrent. These males differ from the female only in having the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61

apical two-thirds of posterior femora blackish, and the basal segment of
abdomen darker at the base. The outer cells of the posterior wings are
closed, as in P. delta.

Strongylogaster soriculatus, Prov. S. soriculatipes, Prov., appears to
have been the name under which this species was first published, but the
Abbé has used soricudutus in republishing, and the old name does not
appear in his index.

Tenthredo grandis, Nort. This species is somewhat variable in the
extent of its white markings, and I have one specimen which answers
exactly to the Z! nigricod/is, Kirby, described from Newfoundland.

Tenthredo basillaris, Prov. This species is placed in Cresson’s cata-
logue as a synonym of TZ: signata, Nort. My specimens, five females,
of which one was determined by Provancher, are remarkably uniform in
their markings, and do not agree with the description of 7! szguata, so
that I am disposed to retain the species as distinct.

Tenthredopsis Evansii, Har. I havea female of this species from
the Rocky Mts. near Calgary, and have examined another from Colorado
(Gillette.) This insect is. very near, perhaps identical with, Zenthredo
viridescens, Fourcr. (sca/aris, Klug.) an European species.

TENTHREDOPSIS (?) ANNULICORNIS, n. sp. Female—Length, 10 mm,
Head black, rugosely punctured ; mandibles, clypeus and triangular spot
above rufous, the clypeus strongly notched ; antennz slender, two basal
joints and base of third rufous, apex of third, the fourth and terminal
three black, joints five and six pure white. Thorax with the pleura
coarsely punctured ; rufous above with spot on each lateral lobe of meso-
thorax and the scutellar sutures black; legs rufous, tips of coxze, the
trochanters and posterior tarsi white, tip of posterior femora and of tibiz
black ; wings hyaline, nervures blackish, base of stigma white ; lanceolate
cell with straight, short, cross nervures, as in Tenthredo, etc.; posterior
wings without middle cells. Abdomen rufous.

Male.—Length, 9 mm. Antenne a little stouter, testaceous, rufous
toward base. Abdomen with apex blackish.

The femaie was taken near the city on June 6th, 1891, and the male
on May 28th last. The antenne ofthe male differ in colour, and in being
slightly stouter, from those of the female, but in all other respects it
seems to be identical. The strongly notched clypeus, and the absence of
middle cells in the posterior wings, would seem to refer the female to
Perineura, but the outer cells of posterior wings of the male are not

62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

closed. These insects, except for the antennz, look very much like small
specimens of /Zarpiphorus varianus.

PAMPHILIUS RUFICEPS, n. sp. Female—Length, 15 mm. _ Black, with
rufo-testaceous head and legs. Head very large ; coarsely punctured,
rufous, with a small black spot enclosing the ocelli ; mandibles very
large ; antennz slender, about 35-jointed, black, with three basal joints
rufous, third joint more than twice as long as the fourth. Thorax coarsely
punctured, the pleura quite rugosely ; tegulze, anterior angles, lateral lobes
and apex of median lobe of mesothorax and scutellum, rufous ; beneath
black, with dull rutous spots on pleura; legs rufous, coxze paler, tarsi
dusky, the posterior almost black, anterior tibia with side spur. Abdo-
men broad, with narrow lateral margin of bright lemon-yellow.

One female, found walking on a doorstep in the city, May 31st, 1891.
This species is near P. (Lyd2) brunniceps, Cress.

PAMPHILIUS CINCTUS, n. sp. Female—Length, 11 mm. Black, with
red band on abdomen. Head polished behind the ocelli, rugulose an-
teriorly ; face flat with a ridge between antenne, not reaching anterior
margin of clypeus ; clypeus broad, squarely truncate, not margined, and
coarsely punctured ; cheeks below the eyes, mandibles, clypeus, triangular
spot at inner summit of each eye, similar spots behind on margin jof
occiput, and two minute dots below ocelli, white ; antennz black, long,
slender, 25-jointed, third joint hardly longer than fourth, Thorax
polished ; tegulz, short lines in front and beneath, a double triangular
spot on middle !obe of mesothorax, scutellum and postscutellum, white ;
legs pale yellow, including tips of cox, anterior tibize without side spur ;
wings hyaline with brown nervures, third submarginal cell large. Abdo-
men with first segment, except a black spot on each side, and three follow-
ing, rufous ; apical segments black.

One female, taken near the city on June 28th. It resembles in
appearance P. rufofasciata, Nort., but differs in shape of antennz and
clypeus and in markings.

Pamphilius fascipennis,Cress. This fine species, originally described
from the White Mts., N.H., has been taken by Mr. Evans at Sudbury.

Xyela minor, Nort. In June, 1886, I captured by sweeping on the
margins of a wood composed of pines, spruces, etc., a male and a female
of this very interesting species, which Mr. Kirby thinks should constitute
a distinct genus from the European species of Xyela. I failed to obtain
the insect again until May rith, 1891, when, in beating spruce trees, |

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 63

secured eight females. I endeavored to ascertain if the insects were
ovipositing in the twigs, but they are so small and inconspicuous that it
was impossible to find them without beating them from the trees. Sub-
sequent beatings in the same locality, and careful search again last May
failed to turn up any more. It seems probable, however, that the insect
breeds in the young shoots of the spruce (as none could be found on
adjoining trees or shrubs of other species), and some of our collectors,
knowing when and where to search, may succeed in discovering if such
be the case. It may also live in other conifers, as Provancher records
taking the female on the buds of white pine, on which I have also taken
one specimen.

Xiphydria canadensis, Prov.? In an article on X. albicornis (A
new foe to the maple.” Rep. Ent. Soc., Ont., 1883, p. 40), I stated that
some of the males had the antennez black, as in X. Provancheri, Cress.,
and that this species and X. canadensis were probably only varieties of
X. albicornis, with which may be also included probably X. macudata,
Say. In re-studying my specimens,J find a female which seezas to be
distinct, but which, however, does not agree with descriptions of any of
the species quoted above as regards markings, although it agrees with
X. canadensis in having the ‘‘ head rugose except upon the vertex,” and
not wishing to create an unnecessary new name I have placed it under
that. It has the following characteristics which are not given in the
other descriptions :—Antenne black, 16-jointed only, the second joint
much shorter than in a/bicornis, not more than half as long as the
third ; no white markings above the antennz on the front, but an almost
square patch below and a small spot on each side of clypeus, adjoining a
larger spot under the eye. There is also a small spot on the posterior
margin of the head behind each eye, and two short lines above ocelli
which are differently situated from those of a/bicornis. In that species
the lines start about on a level with ocelli and stop before attaining the
occipital margin, while in the specimen under consideration they start
from the occipital margin and stop at some distance above ocelli. The
cox are also uniformly rufous instead of black, or blackish, and the
markings of thorax are different. The usual white spots occur on seg-
ments one to seven of abdomen, with the exception of the sixth.

Xiphydria rufiventris, Cress. This addition to the Canadian fauna
has been made by Mr. Fletcher, who has a fine female example taken last
year.

64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Tremex columba, Vann. In July, 1891, Mr. John Stewart, of this
city, informed me that he had a stick of firewood containing a great many
larvee of beetles. Some days later I called on him to examine it and
found that the insects had commenced to emerge, and that they were the
common Horntail. The log was gnarlly rock-maple, about ro inches in
diameter, partly decayed, but still very hard, as was proved in sawing
out a section, which I took home. I secured a number of larvee and
pup, and from the section retained numerous flies emerged, of which
only one was a male. On leaving for Japan (July 22nd) I iocked the
block up in an old cabinet, and on my return found that several more
females had appeared, and of course died during my absence. ‘The fact
of most interest concerning these is that one had endeavored to deposit
in tbe block, and had died with the cvipositor deeply inserted.

NEW CHERNETIDA FROM THE UNITED STATES.
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y.

Since my last article on this group (CaN. Ent, Aug., 1891), I have
obtained quite a number of forms ; some of the new ones are described in
this article. ‘lwo genera, new to the U. S., are recorded, both of which
occur in South America. Chelifer alius, described by Leidy in Proc.
Phil. Acad. Sci., 1877, agrees, as far as description goes, with Chelanops
oblongus, Say, and with no other form known to me, therefore I consider
it a synonym of C. oblongus.

CHELANOPS PALLIPES, 0. Sp.

Length, 3mm. Coiour: cephalothorax, dark brown ; palpi, red-brown ;
dorsal scute, yellow-brown ; legs, yellow-brown. General appearance of
C. acuminatus, but the hand is not black as in that species. Structure
also similar to C. acuminatus, differs in being furnished with clavate
hairs ; the trochanter does not project as much behind ; the femur is more
slender; the tibia is not nearly as much gibbose on the inner side; the
hand less broad and shorter ; the fingers much more slender, about as
long as the hand.

California. A few specimens.

CHELANOPS LATUS, Nl. Sp.

Length, 3.2 mm. Cephalothorax and palpi red-brown, the fingers
black, scute red-brown, legs brownish-yellow. Structure similar to C.

on ae

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST: 65

acuminatus ; hairs simple, the trochanter is less gibbose behind, the
femur a little more slender; the tibia enlarges quite suddenly on the
internal margin, but is then more parallel with the external margin than
in either C. acuminatus or C. pallipes; the hand is more slender than in
C. acuminatus, and the sides are quite nearly parallel; the fingers stout
and much shorter than the hand.

East Florida. Under bark of pine trees. Common.

CHELANOPS GROSSUS, 0. sp.

Length, 2, 4.7 mm.; ¢,3.3 mm. Similar to C. od/ongus, Say, but
very much larger. Palpi uniform dark red-brown; anterior part of
cephalothorax similar but paler, beyond the suture yellowish ; dorsal
scutz, yellow-brown ; legs, pale. Body very long and narrow ; cephalo-
thorax shining, smooth ; palpi with long simple hairs. Palpi similar to C.
oblongus ; hand longer and the sides more parallel; the tibia not so
much swollen on the inner side and thus more slender.

Colorado. [Dr. C. F. Baker.] Apparently common.

OLPIUM OBSCURUM, D0. Sp.

Length, 2 mm. Colour in life blackish, in alcohol the cephalothorax
and abdomen greenish with sides blackish, legs pale with a greenish
tinge, palpi brownish-yellow with a tinge of green, hands darkest.
Cephalothorax narrower in front than behind, anterior eyes about their
diameter from anterior margin, posterior eyes just behind anterior ones
and looking more dorsal; stylet simple ; abdomen widest at about
seventh segment, quite long; palpi shorter than abdomen ; trochanters
somewhat conical, sides convex ; femur not quite as long as cephalo-
thorax is broad at posterior margin, barely pedicellate ; sides almost
parallel, internal margin a little convex near base, then a little concave,
external margin almost straight ; tibia short, pedicellate, a little shorter
than femur and broader than that joint, both sides convex ; hand about
as long as tibia, barely pedicellate, sides but little convex ; fingers a little
shorter than hand and curved.

East Florida. One specimen, swept from grass.
Roncus, Koch.

Allied to Chthonius, Ciffers in having but one eye on each side of
cephalothorax. Not previously known from U. S.

66 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

RONCUS PACIFICUS, Nn. Sp.

Length, 7.6 mm. Colour, pale whitish ; mandibles and claws of
palpi reddish; femora of palpi sometimes reddish ; dorsal scutie of
abdomen yellowish-brown ; legs with a pinkish tinge ; young specimens
lighter than adult ones. Mandibles large, as in CAthonius ; cephalothorax
somewhat narrower behind than in front, sides slightly curved, one large
eye each side near anterior margin; palpi not as long as body; hand
with fingers almost as long as cephalothorax plus mandibles ; femur
about as long as cephalothorax, sides about parallel ; tibia almost conical,
almost as wide at tip as the hand at base; hand not pedicellate, longer
than tibia, sides but little convex: fingers longer than hand, about
straight ; legs short, hind pairs not much enlarged. Body and append-
ages with simple hairs.

Washington State. [Kincaid.| A few specimens.

IpEoroncus, Balzan.

Allied to Od/séum, but has ouly one eye each side of cephalothorax
and the claw of mandible has a prominent stylet. Species previously
known from South America.
IDEORONCUS OBSCURUS, 0. Sp,

Length, 3.2 mm. Colour, pale whitish ; anterior part of cephalo-
thorax with a reddish tinge, mandibles pinkish, palpi red, dorsal scutz
pale yellowish ; body soft. The mandibles have a long stylet, which is
divided into two parts ; the cephalothorax is a little narrower in front
than behind ; the eyes, hardly perceptible above, are two, one each side,
about its diameter from anterior margin ; the cephalothorax just in front
of eyes is more suddenly narrowed than elsewhere. Palpi shorter than
body ; trochanters almost twice as long as wide, the internal margin
about straight, external margin quite suddenly but not greatly swollen ;
femur not quite as long as cephalothorax and broader than trochanters,
pedicellate, internal margin at first convex then concave, external margin
convex, slightly narrower near tip thaa near base ; tibia shorter, pedicel-
late, external margin evenly convex, internal one convex, more so near
base than near tip; hand as long as tibia, short pedicellate, much broader
than other joints, neither margin much convex; fingers Shorter than
hand, slightly curved, stout. Body and appendages with simple hairs.
Abdomen long, sides nearly parallel, not much broader than cephalo-
thorax. The outlines of trochanters can be distinctly seen on the femora

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67

of all legs. The tarsi are divided into two parts by a transverse suture ;
posterior pairs of legs but little larger than the anterior pairs.
Washington State. [Kincaid.] Two specimens.

CHTHONIUS SPINOSUS, 0. sp.

Length, r.7 mm. Colour, hard parts pale tinged with reddish-brown,
venter of abdomen white ; abdomen with a few silvery white spots.
Anterior part of cephalothorax a little wider than posterior, the anterior
portion bent downward and divided in the middle by a deep furrow,
the mandibles bent downward; the cephalothorax, basal joints of
mandibles, and segments of abdomen provided with scattered conical
tubercles which bear a spine at tip. Cephalothorax and palpi finely
granulated, basal joint of palpus [trochanter] short, not visible from above ;
femur about length of cephalothorax, sides nearly straight, tip a little
larger than base, patella short, almost conical ; hand once and a-half as
long as patella, sides nearly straight but little swollen, the inner side the
most so; fingers straight, longer than hand. Eyes a little more than
their diameters apart. Abdomen twice as long as cephalothorax.
Anterior legs long and slender ; posterior pairs larger but hardiy longer ;
trochanters distinct on posterior pairs.

Citrus Co., Florida. [C.M. Weed.] Quite common.

DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW BRACONIDS BRED BY PROF. A. D.
HOPKINS.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

In the following pages I describe the new Braconids bred by Prof. A.
D. Hopkins, of the West Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, as
recorded by him in Insect Life, Vol. IV., pages 256 to 259.

The types are in the National Museum.

Subfamily Braconip&.
BRACON, Fabr.

(in). 1702,.sp.. my) Bracon, lixi, Ashm:,.MS.,, Ins. Life, IV., p. 257.

2?—Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor, 1 mm. Brownish-yellow; stem-
maticum, metathorax above, first abdominal segment and an oblong
median spot on second segment at base, black ; sometimes the middle
lobe of meso-scutum is black anteriorly ; antenne 35-jointed, brown.
Head and thorax smooth, shining, the head transverse. Wings hyaline ;
tegulz yellow ; costa, stigma and nervures dark brown ; recurrent nervure

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

received in the apical angle of the first submarginal cell; second
abscissa of radius twice as long as first; second submarginal cell twice as
wide at base as at apex. Legs pale brownish-yellow, the apex of pos-
terior tibia above and the basal 3 or 4 joints of tarsi more or less dusky.
Abdomen oblong oval, the first segment above and the black median spot
on the second, rugulose ; rest of the surface granulated or shagreened ;
the first segment is the longest; the second and third about equal, the
suture between being distinct, crenated ; the following subequal, the
fourth being one-third shorter than the third.

Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred from Lixus scrobicollis, living in Ambrosia trifida.

(2) L. rufomarginatus, sp. n. :

? —Length, 2 mm.; ovipositor, 0.5 mm. Polished black ; orbits, a
line extending from base of eye and along the clypeus, yellow; palpi
black ; legs black, beneath pale brownish ; lateral margins of the. abdo-
men and the venter reddish-yellow ; antennz 24-jointed, black ; wings
fuliginous ; the second abscissa of radius one-half longer than the first ;
the second submarginal cell not narrowed at apex

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Comes nearest to B. phycidis Riley, but with darker wings and dif-
ferent coloured legs.

Subfamily EXoTHECINe.
RuysIPoLis, Forster.
(3) 2? R. biformis, sp. n. Rhysipolis biformis, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life, 1V.,
west.

? —Length, 3.5 mm.; ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen.
Head and thorax black, pubescent ; abdomen ferruginous ; anterior coxe,
all trochanters, except slightly on the upper surface, annulus at base of
all tibiee and all tarsi, honey-yellow or pale ferruginous ; middle and an-
terior coxe and all femora black; mesopleura reddish or piceous.
Head quadrate, above smooth, polished, with a delicate occipital margin ;
face finely punctate with a sparse, rather long, whitish pubescence ; man-
dibles black ; palpi piceous. Thorax finely shagreened, the parapsidal
furrows obsolete posteriorly but sharply defined anteriorly, the middle
lobe just in front of scutellum depressed, rugulose with a slight median
keel ; meso-pleura smooth and pale or piceous at the middle, with a slight
longitudinal sulcus ; scutellum smooth, with a crenate furrow across the
base ; meta-thorax rugose, with a delicate median carina down the centre

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 69

slightly forked at apex. Wings subfuliginous, the stigma and venation
brown ; submedian cell longer than the median, the recurrent nervure
not interstitial but joining the first submarginal cell at the lower apical
angle ; first abscissa of radius about half the length of the second.
Abdomen ferruginous or reddish-yellow, the first and second segments
rugose or shagreened, the following smooth, polished. In one specimen
the basal part of the third segment, as well as the first two, is also
shagreened.

In the ¢ the apical margins of the third and following abdominal
segments are piceous; the antenne are much longer than the body,
brown-black, 36-jointed ; the legs similar to the female, but with the
femora more piceous, not black ; otherwise as in female.

Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred Sept. 14, 1891, from a Buprestid, or Longicorn, larva living
under bark of dead Spruce Adzes nigra.

I am doubtful about the position of this insect, as it might just as
well be placed in the genus Doryctes as in Rhysipfolis, having a close
resemblance to Doryctes radiatus Cr., D. mactlentus Prov., D. fartus
Prov., and other species in this genus.

Subfamily RHyssALINné&.
Ruyssauus, Haliday.

(4) R. pityophthori, sp. n. Rhyssalus pityophthori, Ashm., MS., Ins.
Life, LV. ps 2157:

? —Length, 1.2 mm.; ovipositor shorter than the abdomen. Black,
shining ; head transverse, smooth, impunctured ; mandibles and palpi
pale ferruginous ; antenne very little longer than the body, (?) 17-jointed.
Thorax alutaceous, the parapsidal furrows distinct, the middle lobe with
a median impressed line anteriorly. Wings hyaline, strongly iridescent,
the stigma and nervures brown, the first abscissa of radius two-thirds the
length of the second, the marginal cell long, extending to tip of wing.
Legs, including coxe, pale or honey-yellow. Abdomen oblong-oval,
ferruginous, the ovipositor black.

Hab.
Bred July 29, 189, from Yellow Pine twigs infested with Pityoph-
thorus, sp.

Morgantown, W. Va.

70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Subfamily SparHiNa.
SPATHIUS, Nees.
The following table will aid in determining the species in this genus
known to me as occurring in our fauna :—
TABLE OF SPECIES.
Wings fuscous or blackish, with 3 white transverse bands (7. ¢., one white

band with the base and apex of wing white).....................3

to

Wings fuscous, with one white bands. s.4...24 .4 40828.
Wings hyaline or subhyaline, without bands.
Testaceous ; pleura, metathorax and petiole biackish or fuscous.

Petiole very long and slender, two-thirds the length of the
thorax ; legs entirely pale yellow ; antenne 24-jointed. (¢,
length, 2.5 to 3 mm.)....... .....S. Jougipettolatus, sp. n.

Testaceous ; abdomen from apex of second segment black.

Petiole not more than half the length of thorax; legs pale
yellow ; antennz 24-jointed. (¢, length, 2.1 mm.)......

ee ee 5 sans as COL OFNIEUS,. SP. Di.

Black ; face, collar, mesopectus, legs, petiole and basal half of
second abdominal segment, testaceous.

Petiole a little longer than half the length of thorax ; hind

femora subfuscous. Antenne 23-jointed. (7, length, 2 mm.)

.S. claripeniis, sp. n.

N

Black ; head, apex of petiole, base of second segment, fuscous or
piceous ; all femora much swollen ; trochanters, annulus at base
of tibie and the tarsi, white; ovipositor twice the length of abdomen.
Antenne 34-jointed. (2, length, 4 to 4.5 mm.)...S. 2¢fasciatus,sp.n.

Species for the most part testaceous or brownish-yellow..........4
Species black or dark fuscous.

ioe)

Collar, petiole and base of second segment, pale brownish-yellow ;
trochanters, base of tibiz and the tarsi, yellowish-white ;
sometimes the mesopectus and head more or less rufo-testace-
ous ; basal half of second abdominal segment always finely
sculptured or shagreened; ovipositor 114 to 2 times as long
as the abdomen.

?, antenne 32 to 35-jointed; ¢, antenne 25-jointed.
(Length, from 2 to 4.5 mm.)...,....S. semz/limus, sp 0.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. val

Ovipositor not longer than the abdomen.

Head polished, with traces of faint transverse striz before the
ocelli but none behind; second abdominal segment
faintly granulated at base.

2, antenne 29-30 ; dpn26jomted.\ (Length; 2 sto.s2:5
mms): eis Pelee neeewis a LOMICE:, SP. Tl:
Ovipositor half the fenoth oF. abdomen!

Head transversely rugulose ; second abdominal segment
perfectly smooth, polished.
¢, antennz broken. (Length, 3 mm.).. starts

Pea ee, us, Sp. n.
4. Rust brown, disk af Sharax ae Soutellu Biel
Ovipositor nearly twice the length of the whole insect.

Head polished, although faintly transversely aciculated ;
abdomen elongate, black, shining, the petiole finely
rugose, not longitudinally striated; the second segment
with some faint aciculations only at base.

?, antennz 20-jointed, reaching only to the base of the
metathorax. (Length 3.5 to 4 mm.).. nn
5c Sidi: + egeuseerees Ars [afatmen Bice.

Ovipositor not Ge as DiGi as ae quole 5 insect.

Head opaque, finely rugose, the rugze posteriorly transverse ;
abdomen oblong-oval, the apical one-third of the second
segment and following segments black polished ; petiole
coarsely longitudinally striated ; basal half of second
segment shagreened.

?, antenne multiarticulate (broken at tips). (Length,
Sb TMI) as) t «aga encore papaegates 3920/7 OG TRUES “SD Te

Brownish-yellow or testaceous, sometimes varied with fuscous.

Ovipositor shorier than the body, usually shorter than the

abdomen.

Head finely rugose and transversely aciculated ; second

abdominal segment basally feebly shagreened ; ovi-

positor longer than the abdomen. (Length, 4.5 to 5

HIME) Patan ciedsigets - Meee Pac ars, 9 Ss, SALE RCIOL ES), TIE.
Ovipositor shorter than abdomen.

Head polished without or with very faint transverse acicula-
tions ; base of second segment and the petiole yellow,

‘

~I
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

rest of abdomen black, the basal half of the second
segment very finely shagreened. Antennz 23-jointed,

a little longer than the body. (9, length, 2.8 mm.)..
re eee eee, .. ++... Canadensis, Ashm.
Head shining, transversely striated; basal two-thirds of
second segment finely shagreened, the rest of abdomen
smooth, polished. Antenne 30-jointed, longer than the
body. \(@, lengsth¢3.5' min. ).. 224k ani ea aes Spa,
Head opaque, minutely transversely rugulose ; the second
segment has the basal one-third finely shagreened, then
followed by a smooth polished space and again sha-
greened, and polished again at apex. Antenne longer
than the body, more than 33-jointed (the tips broken
off),.0%- O plength, 4am) 6. % 5 +. . iS. drunneus, Ashm.
Head smooth polished, with scarcely a trace of any trans-
verse aciculations ; second segment polished, impunc-
tured. Antennze 25-jointed. (9, length, 3 mm.)......

Sg oad SEGUOIA, ASHM.

(5) S. claripennis, sp. n. Spathius clavipennis, Ashm , MS. (err. impr.),
Ins, Lite, lV, p257: ;

?.—Length, 2 mm. Black; prothorax, mesopectus, petiole and
basal half of second abdominal segment, testaceous or yellow ; legs pale,
the posterior femora and their tibiz toward apex slightly dusky. Wings
hyaline, the stigma and nervures brown, Antenne 23-jointed, fuscous,
the basal three or four joints pale yellowish. The head is polished, with
some faint transverse aciculations on the vertex. ‘Thorax subopaque,
finely granulated or shagreened ; the petiole longitudinally striate.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred April 20, 1892, from Polygraphus rufipennis living under the
bark of dead Adves nigra.

(6) S. unifasciatus, sp. n. Spathius unifasciatus, Ashm., MS., Ins.
life; INV... pz 253:

2 .—Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Black; collar anteriorly dull ferruginous ;
apex of petiole and base of second segment reddish piceous ; legs fuscous,
anterior and middle cox and trochanters, posterior trochanters and an-
nulus at base of all tibiae, white; tarsi more or less pallid beneath.
Antenne 34-jointed, fuscous, the basal 3 or 4 joints pallid. The
head is polished, the vertex faintly transversely aciculated, the frons and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 73

face rougher ; thorax closely granulated, opaque, the middle lobe pos-
teriorly, pleura and metathorax, finely rugulose, the latter indistinctly
areolated. Wings fuliginous, with a white band across the middle from
the base of the stigma, the apex of the wing showing scarcely any white.
All the femora are very much swollen, while the abdomen, except the
petiole, is smooth, polished; petiole longitudinally striate, somewhat
rugose basally.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred April 29, 1892, from Scolytus g-spinosus living under the bark
of Carya alba.

(7) S. stmillimus, sp. n.

¢,9.—Length, 2 to 4.5 mm. Black; collar, mesopectus and petiole
pale ferruginous or brownish-yellow. Head above transversely aciculated;
thorax opaque, closely granulated; the middle mesothoracic lobe pos-
teriorly and the metathorax finely rugose, the latter faintly areolated ;
petiole striate. Wings fuscous, white at base and tips, and with a trans-
verse white band from the base of stigma. Antenne in 2 32 to 35-
jointed, in ¢ 25-jointed, fuscous, pale toward base. Legs fuscous ; the
coxe and trochanters, annulus at base of tibie and the tarsi, white.
Abdomen, except petiole and base of second segment, black, the basal half
of the second segment shagreened ; ovipositor as long or very little
shorter than the body.

Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred May 18 and 25, 1892, from Agrilus bilineatus living in White
Oak stump.

(8) S. brachyurus, sp. n. Spathius brevicaudus, Ashm., MS. (Olim.
preoc.), Ins. Life, IV., p. 258.

?.—Length, 3 mm.; ovipositor half the length of abdomen. Much
like S. s¢mid/imus, but with the lower part of head, the prothorax, meta-
thorax and petiole brownish, the ovipositor very much shorter, in
simillimus being about as long as the whole insect, while in drachyurus
it is only half the length of the abdomen. The head is transversely
rugulose ; the legs and antenne brown, the tibie not annulated with
white, the femora not especially thickened ; while the second abdominal
segment is perfectly smooth and polished.

Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred Nov. 10, 1890, and March 15, 1891, from Dryocoetes auto-
graphus living under bark of dead Adzes exce/sa.

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(9) S. pallidus, sp. n.

?.—Length, 3. mm.; ovipositor a little longer than the abdomen.
Pale ferruginous or honey-yellow ; coxze, trochanters, base of tibie and
tarsi, whitish. Head shining, transversely striated ; antennie 30-jointed,
longer than the body ; petiole as long as the body of abdomen, striated ;
second abdominal segment nearly twice the length of the third, the basal
two-thirds finely shagreened or coriaceous, the following segments
polished, impunctured. Wings fuscous, whitish at base and tips, and with
a white band across from base of stigma. The parapsidal furrows are dis-
tinct, converging and meeting at base of scutellum, the middie lobe thus
formed being smooth and not rugose at base just in front of the scutellum,
as in the other species.

Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred trom Zomicus cacegraphus living in Yellow Pine.

Subfamily HEcABOLIN«.
LYSITERMUS, Forster.
(10) L. scolyticida, sp. n. Lysitermus scolyticida, Ashm.,-MS., Ins,
site: SiVawpe asic:

Q.—Length, 2.1 mm. Black, shining, impunctured ; mesoscutum
with two distinct furrows ; metathorax finely rugose ; wings hyaline,
nervures brown ; legs honey-yellow, the posterior tibia and tarsi sub-
fuscous. Antenne 17-jointed, black, the three basal joints yellow.
Abdomen oblong-ovate, composed of but three visible segments, the first
segment and the second at the extreme base striated, otherwise smooth
and polished ; ovipositor as long as the abdomen.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred April 30, 1891, from Scolytus 4-spinosus living under Hickory
bark.

CNOPHANES, Forster.

In describing the species in this genus reared by Prof. Hopkins, I
have taken advantage of the opportunity to publish a table of the species
known to me in our fauna, believing the characters given in the table
sufficient for the recognition of all the species.

TABLE OF SPECIES.

Testaceous or brownish-yellow species......:... 0.2... .0 eee verve?
Black or blackish-fuscous species.
Ovipositor longer than the whole insect.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (Gas

basal two-thirds of second longitudinally striated, the
second with a transverse impressed line at the middle.
Metathorax with two areas at base; antenne in ?

2A TOILE . aera. was. Ca lONSICAUAUS, Sp. TN.
Metathorax rugose, but without areas at _ base;
antenne in ? 18-jointed....C. flavicollis, sp. n.

Ovipositor not quite as long as the body.

Head piceous, polished ; collar, mesosternum, legs and basal
half of abdomen, yellow ; antennz 24-jointed ; metathorax
with two smooth areas at base........C. consimitlis, sp. n.

Ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdomen.

Head minutely punctulate, subopaque ; legs, base of second
abdominal segment and the three terminal segments,
yellowish ; first segment, basal two-thirds of second and
base of third and fourth, striated ; the second segment
with two transverse impressed lines ; antenne 28-jointed
SRLS stae Pte cS ciabene > Se RAVE. Samia ces ACO ARSULIC. Spit:

Head transversely aciculated, shining ; legs brown, trochanters
and tarsi yellow; abdomen piceous black, the first and
second segments striated, the following smooth ; antennze
INNO GEO; pgs 1 Oj OINtEin a, aon (=. G. alrata, .AShm.

Ovipositor half the length of abdomen.

Head polished, impunctured ; legs yellowish-white ; abdomen
piceous or yellowish at base of second segment, also some-
times at apex of first ; first segment, basal two-thirds of
second and base of third, striated; rest of abdomen
smooth, shining, the second segment with a transverse
impressed line at the middle; antenne in 2 23-jointed..

AEROS DOA EIS i REE CARE Renee Ce GIIAECIG, Spe te

Head transversely aciculated ; legs brownish-yellow, the hind
coxee black ; abdomen finely rugose, the first segment and
the following segments (except apical portion of the 3, 4
and 5, two-thirds of the 6 and the 7, which are polished),
striated ; second segment with two longitudinal furrows ;
antennee 25-jOolnted .¢0....-..........C, Joreadés, AShm.

Legs pale brown, trochanters and tarsi whitish; abdomen
elongate ovate, black, polished, the first two segments and

76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
the third at extreme base striated, the second segment
without a transverse furrow ; ¢, antennz 22-jointed......
C. pityophthori, sp. n
Ovipositor one-third the length of abdomen.

Head smooth, polished; collar, mesosternum, second abdo-
minal segment and the avex of abdomen, more or less,
yellow ; first segment, basal two-thirds of second, and base
of third and fourth, striated ; the second with two trans-
verse impressed lines ; antennz 25-jointed. . :

C ee ae sp. n

Ovipositor longer than the abdomen.

Head black or piceous black, polished, impunctured ; scutellum
with two large fovew at base ; metathorax with two large
areas at base, posteriorly rugose or reticulated ; antennz
In & SrA Omted.:..« 5 =... Bed ooo agen rae Cal nigeps open

Ovipositor two-thirds the length of abdomen.

Metathorax with two areas at base.
Head transversely aciculated.

First abdominal segment andj basal two-thirds of
second striated ; rest of abdomen smooth, polish-
ed, the second segment with a transverse imn-
pressed line; antenne in ¢ and @ 25-jointed..
ds A gs .C. hylotruptdis, sp.

First aiaceel eenenn. Bact two-thirds of He
and the bases of the third and fourth, striated, the
second with two transverse impressed lines ;
antenne in f 30-,in Q 25-jointed.

.C. aciculatus, sp. 0

Ovipositor less. than half the length of the abdomen.

Metathorax with a petiolate, diamond (‘) shaped area.

Head transversely aciculated ; first abdominal segment, the
second, except at apex, and base of third and fourth,
striated, the second with a transverse impressed line
at basal one-third and a transverse depression a little
beyond ; antenne in ? 36-jointed..C. prodoxz, Riley.

Metathorax rugose, reticulated, with two areas at base.
Head smooth, polished; first abdominal segment,

~J
~J

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

basal two-thirds of second, striated, the second
with a transverse furrow at the middle....
SO ses re Mont ey .C. melleus, Riley.
Ovipositor one-third the length of abdomen.
Metathorax rugose, but not areolated ; first abdominal segment
and basal half of seccnd, striated; rest of abdomen
smooth, A ae antenne in 2 58-,in ¢ 1g-jointed..
_C. Koebelet, Raley.
Mectathorax with a Spedolate, demote: ayaped area at the middle
and with two areas at base ; first, second and base of third
abdominal segments striated, the rest smooth, polished ;
antenne in 2 24-jointed, in f 27 or 28-jointed... Nes
| _C. Chittendenit, sp. n.
(10) C. Zangurige, sp. mn. Caenophanes languriz, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life,
IV ps 2538:
3,2.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor scarcely as long as the abdo-
men. Head and thorax black, the parapsidal furrows, collar and meso-
pleura ferruginous, with sometimes the face and orbits ferruginous, the
second abdominal segment with 2 transverse impressed lines ; abdomen
in pale ferruginous, in @ darker, with the base of second abdominal
segment and the three last segments yellowish. Head minutely punc-
tulate ; antennez in both sexes 28-jointed ; wings sub-hyaline, the first and
second branches of the radius equal in length ; first abdominal segment,
basal two-thirds of second, and base of the third, and in the ¢ the
sutures at base of 3, 4 and 5, striated.
Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.
Bred Dec. 24, 1891, and Feb. 24, 1892, from Zanguria larve living
in pith of Ambrosia trifida and artemisiefolia.
(11) C. anthaxie, sp. n. Caenophanes anthaxiz, Ashm., MS., Ins. Life,
[Veo ps 258:
¢,2.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor half the length of abdomen.
Head and thorax in ¢ black. in ? fuscous ; the head polished, im-
punctured; thorax closely microscopically punctate, the middle lobe
posteriorly rugose ; abdomen ferruginous, the first segment, basal two-
thirds of the second, and the suture between segmenis 3 and 4, striate ;
legs pale yellow ; wings hyaline, the first abscissa of radius two-thirds the
length of the second, Abdomen sometimes fuscous, with a pale blotch
at the middle,

78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred May 4 and June 24, 1892, from Anthaxia piridicornis infesting
Willow ; and May 26, from an Agridus larva living under the bark of
Dogwood, Cornus florida.

(12) C. pityophthori,sp.n. Caenopbanes pityophthori, Ashm. M. S., Ins.
es IV, ps oes;

d .—Length, 2mm. Black ; second abdominal segment at base and
sometimes the petiole at apex ferruginous ; head shining, faintly trans-
versely aciculated on vertex ; thorax opaque, minutely granulated ; meta-
thorax areolated, the pleura rugose; antenne 22-jointed, black, the 3
basal joints yellow ; abdomen elongate ovate, black, polished, the first
two segments and the third at extreme base or the suture striated. Legs
pale yellowish. Wings hyaline, the first abscissa of radius less than two-
thirds the length of the second.

Hab.—Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred Feb. 24, 1892, from Petyophthorus sp. living under the bark of
a small dying Spruce, Adzes nigra.

(13) C. hylotrupidis, sp. n. Caenophanes hylotrupidis, Ashm., MS., Ins.
Lite, TV, Pp: 256:

3,¢.—Length, 2.5 to 3 mm.; ovipositor two-thirds ‘the length of
abdomen. Pale ferruginous ; metathoracic sutures fuscous. Head above
transversely aciculated ; thorax finely granulated, the middle lobe pos-
teriorly strongly rugose ; metathorax, except the two basal areas, rugose,
and with a a-shaped carina at the middle ; first abdominal segment and
basal two-thirds of the second striate, rest of abdomen smooth, polished,
the second segment with a transverse impressed line at the middle.
Antenne in both sexes 25-jointed. Wings hyaline, the stigma and
nervures pale brown, the first and second branches of the radius about
equal in length.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Bred April 4, 1891, from Aylotrupes ligneus living in Juniperus
virginiana.

Subfamily HELCONIN#.
HE tcon, Nees.
(14) A. occidentalis, Cr. Helcon tetrapodii, Ashm., MS. (olim), Ins.
Die IV 2.4.50;

Bred July 14, 1891, from Zetrapodium cinnamoplerum living in sap-

wood of Spruce log Adies nigra.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79

Subfamily ALysIIN#&.

ADELURA, Forster.

(15) A. ¢zbialis, sp. n.

¢.—Length, 1.5 mm. Polished black ; lower half of head, two basal
joints of antenne, legs, including cox, except the posterior tibiae which
are fuscous, and first and second abdominal segments, honey-yellow.
Head transverse, wider than the thorax, the ocelli close together. Palpi
- white. Antennee 24-jointed, black, much longer than the body. Thorax
smooth, without distinct parapsidal furrows, or only indistinctly impressed
anteriorly. Mesopleura piceous ; metathorax almost smooth, the surface
wrinkled posteriorly. Wings large, hyaline, the tegule white, the costa
and the elongate stigma black; rest of venation brown ; the first branch
of the radius very short, the second very long, about twice the length of
the first transverse cubital nervure ; the second submarginal cell very
long, twice as broad at base as at apex ; recurrent nervure almost inter-
stitial received in the angle of the second submarginal cell ; submedian
cell a little longer than the median. Abdomen oblong-oval, smooth,
shining, the first segment finely rugose.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

Subfamily DacNUSEN&.

CoELINIUS, Nees.
(16) C. Hopkinsii, sp. n.

Q?.—Length, 4mm. _ Black, shining ; prothorax, legs, including coxe,
and the second abdominal segment, brownish-yellow ; mandibles rufous ;
palpi white. Head oblong, smooth and polished ; face punctate with a
median carina, pubescent. Antennz 33-jointed, black, as long as the
body; the two basal joints, and the flagellum beneath for more than half
its length, brownish-yellow. Thorax smooth, shining, trilobed ; meso-
pleura separated from the mesosternum by a large longitudinal furrow
and with a triangular fovea posteriorly; the surface, except anteriorly
where it is sparsely punctate, is smooth and shining ; metathorax rugose.
Wings hyaline, the venation brown-black, the costa towards base and the
tegule yellowish. Abdomen twice as long as the thorax, compressed
beyond the second segment ; except the second segment, black, smooth
and shining; the first segment is one-third longer than the second,
rugulose, smoother at apex.

Hab.— Morgantown, W. Va.

80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENUS DIOCTRIA.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

The following table includes all the species of Dvoctria known to me
as occurring in North America :—

1. Wings on the basal half yellow, on the apical half blackish.........2
Wings not marked like this, nearly uniformly blackish.. .........3
2. Legs wholly black ; length, 4 mm.................parvulus, 0. sp.
Legs partly reddish-yellow ; ee 7 UNM 2:2 <0. «24 ye QGeereee,, Wall,
ee Abdomen wholly black. . bs ere et OR oa ney
Abdomen and legs partly reddish. ee rr ene oe tS

4. Legs wholly black. . a,
Legs having base of tibiz broadly. reddish- -yellow ; : “mystax black
..nitida, Will.

5. Mystax Black ae es, ee albius, Walk.
Mystax red. Reiss _resplendens, Lw.

6. Antennal style. nearly half as rong as ‘the third joint, coxe red
<n PUSed, Ono:

Antennal style. one-sixth as s long ; as the third joint, cox black
sys cb 45 San ae ee .rubidus, N. sp.
DIOCTRIA PARVULUS, n. sp. 6.
Wholly black, shining. Pile of head light yellow, that on sides of
face very sparse, extending to base of antenne. First two joints of
antennze subequal in length, the third joint as long as the first two taken
together ; style one-sixth as long as the third joint, thick and blunt.
Pile of thorax rather abundant, that on abdomen very sparse and short,
bright yellow. Base of wings to beginning of fifth posterior cell yellow-
ish- “white, beyond this blackish ; all posterior and the anal cell open,
Length, 4mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Two specimens.

DIOCTRIA RUBIDUS, Nn. sp. 6.

Head black, the pile light yellow ; face with a large fovea above the
centre, below which is a large gibbosity bearing the rather dense mystax ;
face covered with a very short, brassy yellow pubescence, and with a few
pile on each side above. Antennz black, first joint one and a-fourth
times as long as the second, the third joint slightly longer than the first
two taken together, the style one-sixth as long as the third joint, very
robust, its tip blunt. Thorax and scutellum shining black, quite thickly
light yellow pilose. Abdomen shining reddish-brown, except the first
segment which is black, but sometimes the second segment and a large
portion of the third and fourth segments are also black ; pile very sparse
and short, light yellow. Legs yellowish, the cox, trochanters, apical
three-fourths of hind tibize, and sometimes also of the other tibiee, and all
the tarsi, black. Wings blackish, all posterior and the anal cell open.
Halteres yellow. Length, 7 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Three
specimens.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81

NOTES FROM THE CORNELL INSECTARY.
I.—SOME RESULTS OF A TRAP LANTERN EXPERIMENT.
BY M. V. SLINGERLAND, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y.

May 1, 1889, the Entomological Department of the Cornell Agricul-
tural Experiment Station set six trap lanterns, at considerable distances
apart, on the University farm for the purpose of determining their value
as an insecticide. Each trap consisted simply of a common Jantern set
in a pan of water whose surface had a thin film of kerosene upon it to
facilitate the destruction of the insects caught. The lanterns were kept
burning every night until Oct. 15, 1889, or until no more insects were
attracted. The captured insects were taken from the pans every morn-
ing and placed in alcohol, those from each lantern being kept separate.
So many outside influences, as other lights, the smallness of the area
covered, etc., entered into the case, that practically no results were
obtained from the different locations of the lanterns in the number of
specimens caught by each lantern in any of the species thus far studied.
Therefore, in the tables which follow, the total catch for each day from
all the lanterns is placed under that date.

An immense amount of material was taken, representing nearly every
order of insects ; the moths, however, included a majority of the speci-
mens. But comparatively little of the material has yet been studied.
Several species cf Cut Worm Moths, the Apple-tree Tent Caterpillar
Moth, and all the species of the May Beetles taken in the lanterns have
been determined by the writer. As all of these are of economic import-
ance, the following tables showing the number of specimens of each
species taken each day will be of economic interest as showing the period
of flight, when most numerous, the relative commonness of the different
species, and many other questions of importance, as we shall see.

TABLE I.—CZistocampa americana taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 :—

|

DATE. MALES, FEMALES,

[WO DIG Oe aos eos cer Aere Lb COCR ERC I

COs ill ns SAY hci oi Recah er: 2

Na CLONE et Beckie oe hee COS One eee | 4

DMEM 2 PTS. Sonne ote, as, 2 cis ese 3

ee TR ete Ie oie ChC oie OO 6

OUP PIR ih th rs ROSE 2 Ot ee REE I 4

HEY La) aie ape cla eis Cene Ca eae 35

eT RNY Cl non GEC 85 8

HE alese oben coat ioey RIC eG eee 46 5

SEMMuRS-O) eiatst starches shee feta acts, Wipe caie eis) a 100 33

FEB ve SbAG IS (ACNE a0) COO © CERO 61 25

82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
TasLe I.—( Continued ).
DATE. MALES. FEMALES,
July Teen Me. 6.2 3. 62 6
> BF Ses 2 ba dire. He eee: Sc ee 30 |
~ Coe eee stant ee rane 29 4
ul Agta: oh 2de dene 35 See 26 |
CO Eee eee 7 | I
ue Gre As o's. sc ne rE ae I I
F Tigh Bo en ar ca Stay eet aren cee I
. ht ts" on AGP ea te Sees ke I I
a OiAg aus were ore ene ier Somes I
a Te sretegeaeasvae fone sky cena ene 5.4 2 I
Total ic .04 aua5s ac-aeee 513 gS
Tape I].—Agrotids taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 :—
| fy subgothica. | FF. jaculifera.
DATE. | | ———_______
&. ie 3 Q
july: 42: 228. Sa I
i) ee ee Re er I
I ts ieee re eae 1
ne De as gis 2
ol EZ OMNS aceegt Sa] I
SOP AQ O Wee sick AE ss I
BD BET ee Near {aud & shes 2
OID Sree thes ans I
See Oar eet ern 6
NPS Obn ats 2 8 f.s'east ira 2 2
SNES Mes eee cra) Bete 12 2
MN Ee ei ss yess 7 2
rae 2 aia bi2t eras 19 2
es Fe eee as, ee lads.= 9 I I
SSC? VAs Sais Gi sters Sse 17 8 I
Ber) Vel iellel ate aeia cue oyohoue 39 4 3
CO" NG 6 ae tee es sce 5
OS arr enceeee nc 3 |
Oe DO iiee, Mesa ereGs 5 | I
7 Qu akin as 32 I |
SOO OET Opstaeeiigs ees eyeue 7 I 4
ace) I UPON PEP tro ee rca 9
ee NOM ieee ener ae 5
ge Caktocwcatiy are 30 3 I 2
PGs heres ee ee | 59 I | 2
BS. Sa 0) eet ieeen ons or 42 I
CSS WOT Thi - se Sees Gs onsen ete 76 10 | 2
BSNS) tereeencrane nt ce 124 3 | I
Soh PL Oar terete reer 161 9 5
SEN OOn. aaeraece 198 6
fe 21. es ae 160 19 I I
SOD Dis: se eesn ees tareysy 108 6
ee ee ene 63 2
SEMA. caeatee etait | 122 10

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83

Tas_e II.—/ Continued).

£ subgothica. F. jaculifera.
DATE. ; Seo
3 ? a

PACU ORL2IG res tsrccd a ees 209 8

PAG) 5 OE eR 110 7
JON, Bar geht a go 2
Lidl hoje Aca aR aR a 93 3
Spee ZOE eleva 97 4
UA Seto) magi a ie 53 2
Eek Te were At sk ae 108 6
Septe mii a thsnar: 60 8
Ia eee set ee Sa Hy 65 2 I
Bre IS pares Sactinee seeks | 50
* Airs eee urease 87 4
: esis Cee ae 23
Set RE erat SA 37 2
I 7 eee es a Oe ne 8
Foes Lee sees pera 16 3
SETS Okaaraver sree | 1 :
SSemetl ietemaye can evan 1 2
aAmot mee: I
aoe nl Gloea smplcee aia eae 2 I
UUSe A (ieee Seen eRe H I
weal Volo tale eke SO | I

Mota seen 2240 142 22 | 9

One male of Carneades redimicula was taken on the 16th and a
female on the zgth of July, and a female of Carneades insignata was
caught July rr.

Tas_e III.—Zachnosterna taken at Trap Lanterns in 1889 and
1892 :—

Susca. | dubia, ilicis.
DATE. 1889. 1892. || 1889. 1892. 1889. 1892.
Beale CS. (te leeatiede we Nicos S 9
MIES ZS Or cresaned Grane I
See T Sc oten hyo Ske bs eee I
SOs) co flan Grea 1 I I
SOS (0) ae ete I
AFG Gemeente ete I I 2 I
ee LD Sn athe I I
SENG erg re eee I
Palm ALG: ciny. whey Se i I I 2
SEM OMaire wears I 6
SG een Sate Pi Ed oe 2 I I
SOG hl Sy eet te 8 I 2
eee LO ty. 1.0 Scheie | 22 5 I
We elo Yc certs ates 4 Week
Ui aaa ere aa ea | ar | 4 I

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

TasLE IIIl.—( Continued ).

fusca. | dubia. elects.
DATE. 1889. | 1892. 1889. 1892. 1889. 1892.
——- Oo | as C ——— i F ee | —
IVA 220 Pecns reve ss Ej 2 i| 2 |
eee See eer does 16 2 || 4 3
PM ORO ia tim Ghose! 2 I
Sane 2 = earn ee ae I
Tae OL eee 10 2 I I |
Ply (Oloaie ones ghee 2 8 We
JPME Tes tae eso 131 5 2 2 |
Brad nee. ieee tern estes 3 2 I I
Sane, Ee eee eee 4 I 3 6 4
EN WA eas byes 13 I es 2
SS Gis tag eed a lates 1 I | I
PSG @, 293, I | I |
ae : Mis ay far er sey gah | I
Ds Ae, aes, Mt fas I I
ies GAS one on eee 8 2 | I l|
SS) TOW a s.c8e 5 It 3 Pag eA | |
OS gn D cr =, AES << ee 4 I 4 |
Cs ee eee Po ye ef cal I I
AEE ir Beene Weicee are I 2° 54) 1 | I
os 15 est ee 6 r|| 43 I } I I
‘ |
OL ie ens ese nene ies 5 5 I
Se il ae Gee 3} 2) i 1 3
SSM Oe gutscen See ee 6 | 1 | ’
ae LC. ctr ere eenos ae I I | |
6c ~ x |
BONS aerate 3 2 32 2 I
Coes Lhe > Seen Pent I 35 2
ea nee er See 4 I 28 I | I I |
2s eee Gane a ae 2 I ||
ae ally 6) Sa eae eee 2 | | Hea
eas ae acer 8/1 | I
SDs othe Baas fete 2 I | I 2
ie ee era | | | aye I
OS BO ays aa 6 aera I | 1
uty) Meera tae oe | | 5
= Ne er re ee ie 4 |
in ae Tae een ne r| | | 1
‘ ACS, Sa o,tus se Geo | I | |
a eee ee 1g | | || I |
S2P UNA oedema 3544 | | 1
Jia (Yeast cot are | | | I
{OS OO ee eee | | 3 I
|
ws 28 ose a ees | | | , I
(73 20 | I 1 |
RO} aqie amos | | |
‘iota vers 297 | 37 230 | 15 | 50 | 16 9 | gla 10

In this table are also included the results of the specimens caught in
one trap lantern which was kept running during 1892, from May 20 to
Oct. 1. In 1889 there were also taken two specimens of grandis, June

a ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

20 and 27, both males; four Azrticula, two males and two females, the
former taken July 1 and 19, the latter June 14 and July 22 ; two males
of dalia taken June 1 ; two males of Airsuta taken May 20 and June 3 ;
and one male of guwercus was taken June 1. In 1892, one male of
grandis was taken June 21; three males of Azrticula on June 11, July
15 and 26; and two males of Airsuta were taken on June 2 and 3.
Thus eight species were represented in the trap lantern material; at
least twenty-three species should be found in our State.

From Table I. we learn that C/istocampa americana flies from June
17 to July 18, occurring in the greatest numbers during a period of about
ten days from June 26 to July 4: over g2 per cent. of the moths being
taken at this time.

Table II. shows that Fé/tia subgothica is excessively abundant in
this locality, nearly 2,400 specimens having been taken. I believe that
more specimens of this moth were taken than of any other species of
insect. Although the species flies from July 12 to Sept. 18, there is
nothing to indicate more than one brood. Other experiments at the
Insectary show that the insect hibernates in the larval state, and it is said
that the change to a pupa takes place about July 1. As will be seen in
the table, the adults appear in the greatest numbers from Aug. 14 to
Sept. 6, over 97 per cent. of the moths being taken during these three
weeks.

A glance at Table III. will show that /wsca is by far the most numer-
ous species in our vicinity ; out of 694 specimens of Lachnosterna taken
in the two years, 83 per cent. of them are fusca. Dudia and Zicis are
comparatively common, while Azrticula, hirsuta, grandis, balia and
qguercus are rare. In 1889 fusca flew from May 19 to June to and
reached its climax on June 1, when 39 per cent. of them were taken. In
1892, however, fusca did not begin to fly until May 26 and stopped June
28, and it was the most numerous from June 13 to 28, or about two
weeks later than in 1889. Hirsuta, balia and guercus seem to appear
at about the same time as /wsca, that is, during May and June. But
ilicis, grandis and hirticuda do not appear until the latter part of
June and during July. No ZLachnosterna were taken after July 30,
although the lanterns were run until Oct. 15, thus indicating that the
emergence of the beetles in the fall is very uncommon, if it happens at all.
This is confirmatory evidence of the conclusion which Prof. Forbes, of
Illinois, and Prof. Perkins, of Vermont, have reached in their recent

86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

studies of these insects. In the case of the three species which fly later
in the season, it is possible that they either pass the winter as pup or do
not pupate until spring.

The most striking thing to be learned, however, from each of these
tables is the great disparity in numbers between the males and females
caught. The males greatly outnumber the females in every instance.
Only about 17 per cent. of the C//stocampa americana in Table I. were
females. But a little over 6 per cent. of the Fe/tia subgothica in Table
II. were females, while nearly 41 per cent. of jacudifera were of this sex.
Less than 12 per cent. of the Lachnosterna fusca in Table III taken in
1889, and but little over 6 per cent. of those taken in 1892, were females ;
with dubia the proportion of females is greater, being about 32 per cent.;
no females of 7/7c/s were taken in either year.

This great preponderance of the males over the females has also been
noticed in every other species of the trap lantern material which has been
studied of whatever order. It indicates that the males are much more
active than the females, and is of the greatest importance when consider-
ing the insecticidal value of the trap lantern. For undoubtedly many of
the males have copulated before being caught, and enough others remain
uncaptured io fertilize the remaining females. Therefore the perpetuation
of the species is provided for, and the insecticidal value of the lantern is
rendered too small to be practicable.

BOOK NOTICE.

Tue BuTrerRFLIES OF NortH AMERICA. Third Series, Part XIII.

Another part of Mr. Edwards’s magnificent work has just appeared,
and for beauty of illustration and interest of the letter-press, it perhaps
surpasses all previously issued parts. The first plate shows the type of
Chionobas Chryxus, var. Calais, Scudder, and the accompanying letter-
press gives some interesting data coilected by Mr. ‘T. E. Bean concerning
a similar form found at Banff, in the Rocky Mountains. The second
plate shows in full all stages of the rare Canadian species, C. Jutta.
This is accompanied by 14 pages of letter-press, in which nearly every-
thing that is known concerning this species in America is related in a
most entertaining manner. To the Rev. T. W. Fyles, F. L. S., of South
Quebec, belongs the honour of being the only person so far who has
reared Jutta from the egg to imago and described the different stages.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87

What the writer deems the most interesting feature in the life of this
species is referred to, but Mr. Edwards’s view of the matter seems to be
different from his. Speaking of larve which hibernate after the first or
second moult of a brood, part of which reach full growth the first autumn,
he says :—‘‘If any of these small larve run their full course, it seems
certain that their butterflies should show themselves at least a month
later than the 15th of June, and I do not understand why there is not a
second flight.” The writer has had the opportunity four times of breed-
Ing the species from the egg through the first winter, and all of the
specimens hatched from eggs laid at Ottawa, Quebec, Banff and Nepigon,
went into hibernation after the first or second moult ; one larva, however,
of five sent by Mr. Edwards, fed straight on and reached full growth
before winter set in. Those which revived the following spring fed
slowly and did not attain full growth until the autumn, as related of this
species and of Chionobas Macounii in Annual Report Ent. Soc., Ont.,
1888, p. 7.

The third plate, also, figures two rare species of the same genus,
which may be included in the Canadian fauna, Craméis, from Labrador,
and a mountain species, named Lrucei by Mr. Edwards, which has been
taken by Mr. Bean, at Banff. The preparatory stages of the latter are
beautifully illustrated in great detail, and it is seen that the larva resembles
very closely that of C. Semzdea. There are some critical notes concerning
the synonymy of some allied species, which will be read with interest by
students of this difficult genus.

We feei sure that all entomologists will hail with pleasure the appear-
ance of this superb contribution to the knowledge of our Diurnal Lepi-
doptera, and we trust that the talented and genial author may be spared
for many years to carry on this great work which has cost him so much.

J. FLETCHER.

[We were delighted to hear that Mr. Edwards has received a grant

of $500 from the Bache Fund of the National Academy of ‘Sciences to

assist him in the completion of his publication on the Butterflies of
North America.—Ep. Can. Enr.]

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES.

LUMINOUS WORMS.

Driving from Hudson to Como on the 23rd of September, 1892, about
8 p.m., the night being warm and damp, I was much surprised to see on
the hard road something luminous, emitting quite as strong a light as the
glow-worm in England. We stopped quickly, but before I could get back
the few yards it had disappeared. Some half mile further we passed
another, which also, before I could get to it, disappeared. Can any of
your readers say what these were? Their sudden disappearance and our
failing to find them, though we struck a match in both cases, would lead
me to think they were some sort of earth worm, as these draw themselves
quickly into their holes when disturbed. How else is their sudden
disappearance to be accounted for ? LACHLAN GIBB.

The cells of JZegachile, which I send, were found in rather a peculiar
place Jast September, being attached to the trimmings of a dress which
was inside a wooden chest placed on a gallery in Montreal. —

LACHLAN GIBB.

CORRESPONDENCE.

LARVOPHAGOUS CATERPILLARS.

Sir; On reading in the issue of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for
January of Larvophagous caterpillars of P. pxi/enor, | was reminded of
an observation which I made lJast summer. I had at that time several
larve of Danias archippus in a wire cage, and supplied them frequently
with milkweed leaves, which they devoured voraciously. On one occasion,
owing to a delay in getting leaves, their supply became exhausted, and
in a short time—not more than an hour or two, I should think—one of
them attacked another which was about to change to a chrysalis, and
began eating it. Some of the others joined, and by the time the leaves
were obtained fully half of the unfortunate caterpillar had disappeared.
They ate it very slowly, not being hungry enough to relish it, I suppose.
My brother tells me that he has seen a larva of P. asterias greedily
eating the chrysalis of one of its kind which was hung on a fence.

WitiiaM L. W. Fie_p, Guildford, Conn.

Mailed February 28th.

The amatliany Hantomologist.

VOL XK: LONDON, APRIL, 1893.

No: 4

SOME NEW LOCUSTIDE FROM INDIANA.
BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA,

During the past four years the writer has been getting together a
collection cf Zocustide trom various parts of the State of Indiana, with a
view of preparing a general descriptive paper of the species of that
family found in the State. In working over the material thus gathered
thirty-seven species are found to be represented, four of which are evi-
dently new to science. Of the four, three belong to the genus Orchedz-
mum and one to the genus Conocephalus. The former genus is repre-
“sented in the collection by ten species and the latter by four. Below is
‘given a description of each of the four species believed to be new, together
with such notes concerning the distribution of each as I find in my field

note-book.
ConocEePHALUS, Thunberg.

Conocephalus palustris, NOV. sp.

A small but comparatively heavy-bodied species, having the cone of
the vertex devoid of black markings and without a basal tooth ; oviposi-
tor very short and broad; posterior femora armed beneath on both
carine.

Cone of the vertex short and stout, the tip round, the deflexed front
with a dull median carina. Pronotum short, broad, the posterior margin
regularly rounded, the lateral carinaze well defined, the entire surface
thickly and rather deeply punctate. Tegmina long and rather narrow,
regularly rounded to the apex; of a more delicate texture than
in either C. ensiger, Harris, or C. robustus, Scudder. Fore and middle
femora with two short spines on the apical third of the lower outer
carina. Hind legs short, the tibiz but little more than half as long as
the closed tegmina ; the femora with plainly visible spines on both of the
inferior carine, eight on the outer and six on the inner. Ovipositor a
little shorter than the hind tibiw, broadest at a point about two-thirds the
distance from the base, thence tapering regularly to a sharp apex.

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

General colour a very bright grass green. Fastigium tipped with
dull yellow, which extends half way down the sides. Labrum and apical
segments of all the palpi a rose red tinged with violet. ‘larsi somewhat
infuscated. Antenne and apical third of ovipositor reddish-brown.

Measurements.—Female—Length of body, 27 mm.; of fastigium in
front of eye, 2.75 mm.; of pronotum, 7 mm.; of tegmina, 37 mm.; of hind
femora, 20 mm.; of hind tibiz, 19.5 mm.; of ovipositor, 1g mm.

This handsome species of Conocepha/us belongs to the same group as
C. robustus and C. crepitans, Scudder, but is smaller and of a more uni-
form and brighter green than either of those species, besides having
shorter legs, ovipositor, etc. It is described from a single female taken
October 24, from the fallen grasses on the margins of a large low-land
pond in Vigo county. This pond is surrounded on all sides by heavy
timber, and its margins have yielded a number of interesting Orthoptera
found nowhere else in the county. Among them are Leftysma margini-
collis, Serv., Paroxya atlantica, Scudder, Anaxiphus pulicarius, Sauss.,
Phylloscirtes pulchellus, Uhler, and Xiphidium nigro-pleurum, Bruner.
The first four mentioned are insects of a southern range, and perhaps C.
palustris will in time be found to be more common southward.

ORCHELIMUM, Serville.
Orchelimum indianense, NOV. Sp.

A slender-bodied insect, with a dark median streak dowa the face, and
having the posterior femora unarmed beneath. The cone of.the vertex is
short, rather narrow, with a rounded apex.. The tegmina narrow, taper-
ing, a little shorter than the wings, and of a delicate, almost gauze-like,
texture. Posterior femora slender, shorter than the closed tegmina.
Anal cerci of male of medium size, longer than the subgenital plate,
tapering to a dull point; the basal tooth short, with a broad base and a
very sharp point. The ovipositor of female of less than average width
and length, the apical half with a gentle upward curve.

Colour of dried specimens: Tegmina and wings a_ transparent
whitish, tinged with green on the front or lower, longitudinal nerves ; the
cross nervules of the latter darker. Sides of pronotum and abdomen, and
all the femora, light green ; the tibie and tarsi of a brownish hue. Face
yellowish-white, with a dark fuscous stripe, the width of the labrum,
starting with the mouth and passing upward to the vertex, where it
narrows to the width of that organ; then, broadening on the occiput, it
passes back to the front border of the pronotum, where it divides into

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91

two narrow streaks, which enclose a whitish area and extend a little
beyond the posterior transverse suture, where they taper toan end. Sub-
genital plate of male yellow. Basal third of ovipositor dark brown, the
remainder light reddish-brown.

Measurements.—Length of body, ¢, 17 mm.; 9, 17.5 mm.; of pro-
notum, ¢ and ?,4mm:;; of tegmina, ¢, 20 mm.; 2, 18 mm.; of hind
femora, ¢,14mm.; 2,145 mm; of ovipositor, 7.5 mm.

This graceful and prettily marked species was found to be quite com-
mon among the rank grasses and sedges growing about the margins of a
tamarack swamp near Kewanna, Fulton county. It was first taken on
August 26th and ayain on September 24th, when it appeared more plen-
tiful than before. It is the smallest and most slender of the ten species
of the genus so far known to occur in the State, and its markings are
very distinct from those of any of the others.

Orchelimum campestre, NOV. sp.

A species of less than medium size, with the wing-covers narrow and
of almost equal width throughout, the posterior femora unarmed beneath,
and the ovipositor short and narrow.

Cone of the vertex prominent, narrow, rounded at the apex ; the sides
of the frontal deflexed portion rapidly converging to form a very acute
wedge. Wing-covers long, narrow, not widened in the middle as in OQ.
vulgare, concinnum, etc., tapering slightly on the apical third to a rounded
end ; their length equalling that of the wings in the ¢, a little shorter in
the @. Posterior femora with the basal half quite stout, the length less
than that of the tegmina. Cerci of male slender, cylindrical, somewhat
pointed, the apical half curved slightly outwards, the basal tooth short
and weak. Ovipositor short, narrow, moderately upcurved, and tapering
to a delicate point.

Colour.—Tegmina and wings almost uniform transparent olivaceous
brown. The usual dark reddish-brown band upon the occiput and disk
of pronotum is margined on the latter with two very narrow and darker
brown stripes, which extend back to the middle of the posterior lobe of
the pronotum. Face, and usually the hind femora, a dirty olive brown ;
the latter, when dry, with a blackish longitudinal band on the exterior
face. In the female the only green on the body is on the lower part of
the sides of the pronotum and on the anterior femora. The only male at
hand has the posterior femora green, but otherwise is coloured like the
females. Ovipositor light reddish-brown,

92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Measurements.—I.ength of body, 4,17.5 mm.; 9, 19 mm.; of prono-
tum,.-¢.5.4.5 mm.; $5 5 mm.; of tegmina, ¢ 3.20.5 mm; °Y5/24.5 mm.;
of antenne, 7, 46 mm.; of posterior femora, ¢,17 mm.; 9, 17.5 mm.;
of ovipositor, 7 mm.

This duil coloured grasshopper has been found in small numbers in
both Vigo and Fulton counties, in upland prairie meadows, where it
frequents the tall grasses, usually in company with Xvphidium strictum,
Scudder.

It is a smaller and more slender bodied insect than the common O.
vulgare, Harris, and has a shorter and narrower pronotum and a much
smaller ovipositor than that species.

Orchelimum Bruneri, nov. sp.
)

A species of about the same length, but less robust than O. vulgare,
Harris, having the posterior femora armed beneath, and the ovipositor
very broad, nearly straight and of more than average length.

Cone of the vertex narrow, moderately elevated, rounded at apex.
Tegmina long and narrow, a little shorter than the wings. Posterior
femora rather stout, the apex, when appressed, not quite reaching the tip
of ovipositor ; armed beneath on the apical half with three or four small
spines. Cerci of male stout, acuminate, with the internal tooth prominent.

Ovipositor very similar to that of O. gladiator, Bruner, being very
long and stout, nearly straight above, and with the under side of apical
third sloping rapidly to the acute apex.

Colour of dried specimens.—With the exception of the ovipositor,
which is a light reddish-brown, and the usual stripe on occiput and disk
of pronotum, the whole body is a pale, transparent brownish-green, the
green showing plainly only on the lower half of the side of pronotum and
on the meso and metapleura. The reddish-brown dorsal stripe of occiput
and pronotum is bordered laterally throughout its evtire length with a
very narrow one of much darker brown. When immersed in alcohol the
reddish-brown stripe fades to a yellowish white, leaving the two lateral
ones as prominent dark streaks, widest on the central portion of the
frontal disk.

Measurements.—Length of body, ¢, 18 mm.; 9, 20.5 mm.; of teg-
mina, ¢, 21mm.; ?, 25 mm.; of pronotum, ¢ and 9, 4.75 mm.; of
hind femora, ¢, 16.5 mm.; 2, 18 mm; of ovipositor, romm. Described
from 2 fs and 4 Qs.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93

This species, the female of which is at once conspicuous by reason of
the shape and size of its ovipositor, has been taken in small numbers only
in Vigo Co., where it is found during August and September on the leaves
and stems of a tall, broad-leaved knot-weed, Polygonum amphibium, L.,
which grows luxuriantly in the shallow waters about the margins of two
or three large ponds in the Wabash River bottoms. Several other “ green
grasshoppers,” notably among which are Xzphidium attenuatum, Scudder,
and Orchelimum nigripes, Scudder, frequent this plant in immense num-
bers. Keeping company with them an occasional specimen of O. Brunert
is seen, but, being an active leaper, it often escapes amidst the dense
foliage of the knot-weed before its capture can be effected. Its less
robust body and longer armed posterior femora will readily distinguish
this species from O. gladiator, the only other one which, to my know-
ledge, has an ovipositor shaped like that of Brunerz. The latter is
named in honor of Prof. Lawrence Bruner. of Lincoln, Nebraska, one of
the leading authorities on N. A. Orthoptera.

ON SOME BUTTERFLY LARVZ NOT HITHERTO DESCRIBED.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, BOSTON, MASS.
PHYCIODES CARLOYA, Reak.

Larva.—Head subcordate, apices slightly produced, mouth parts
small; rough, tuberculate, hairy ; colour black, a narrow white line above
the mouth. Body robust, with short and thick conical, densely-bristly
spines, arranged thus: on joint 2 one short stigmatal and one substigmatal,
besides tubercles on the cervical shield; on joints 3-4, subdorsal,
lateral and subventral ; on 5-11, dorsal (single), suprastigmatal, substig-
matal, 2 subventral ; on 12, two dorsal (in line), subdorsal, superstigmatal,
substigmatal and subventral (small); on joint 13, two subdorsal (in line).
Cervical shield, anal plate, feet outwardly and spiracles black ; body
brownish-red, with a dorsal and subdorsal black shaded line, most distinct
in the segmental incisures.

Pupa.—Straight on ventral side; thorax with no prominence; abdomen
arched, with five rows of slight blunt points, which also occur on thorax
at the angulations, but slighter. Colour grayish, dull brown mottlings on
a white ground. Length, 14 mm.; width, 45 mm. Found on the ground
feeding on an undetermined plant which was just starting, at Denver,
Colorado, April 30, 1891.

94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THECLA GRUNUS, Boisd.

Larva.—Head testaceous, with a black shade on each side ; width,
1.2 mm. kKetracted beneath joint 2. Body flattened, tapering some-
what posteriorly but rounded, the segments arched. <A subdorsal and
subventral ridge, not very prominent. Dark or bluish-green, without
white granulations, but having minute, brownish, piliferous dots, quite
densely distributed. Obscure geminate dorsal, single subdorsal, stigma-
tal and subventral lines, pale whitish and broken, becoming later yellowish,
and the subdorsal one distinct and almost continuous. The two subdorsal
lines are 2.2 mm. apart. The pile on the body is longer and stiffer on
the subventral ridge than elsewhere. A rounded, diamond-shaped,
depressed, cervical shield situated about the centre of joint 2, on which
the blackish, elevated, piliferous dots are smaller than elsewhere.

Chrysalis.—Suspended by the cremaster and a loop of silk. Short,
thick, flat on the ventral side, rounded dorsally, with a very slight depres-
sion between the thorax and abdomen. Colour pale green, speckled with
blackish (but faintly); a bright yellowish subdorsal line on the abdomen,
faintly continued on the thorax, and a double dorsal row of yellowish dots
on the abdomen.

Duration of this stage, fifteen days. . \

Food plant.—The young leaves of the live oak (Quercus chrysolepis,
Liebm.). Larvee from Yosemite, Cal.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN MICROLEPIDOPTERA.
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS.
Crambus albilineetlus, 1. Sp.

Expanse of wings, 26 mm. Head, palpi, thorax and fore wings dull
ochre-yellow. The palpi are darker on the outside, and the subcostal,
median ‘and veins 5 to 10 are white. A stripe of lead coloured scales
extends from the base of the wing just above and parallel to vein 1 to the
outer cross line, and a similar siripe occurs between this and the hind
margin. Two lines cross the wing: The first is dark brown, and arising
from a point a little before the middle of the costa forms an outward
angle very near the costa and an inward angle on the subcostal vein, then
a second outward angle is formed at the end cf the median vein and from
this point the line runs more or less distinctly across to the middle of the
hind margin. The second line is dark brown but finer, dentate and edged
on the outside with lead coloured scales, and runs from the costa before

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95

the apex across to near the outer margin, thence across the wing nearly
parallel with the outer margin. The space from the end of the cell to the
apex is somewhat stained with brown. ‘The terminal line is fine, black,
and with a row of black dots in it. The fringe is concolourous with the
adjacent part of the wing, but with slight metallic reflections. Hind
wings fuscous, fringe lighter.

Described from one specimen taken in Southern California.

Crambus coloradellus, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 22 mm. Head, pa!pi, thorax and fore wings, pale
silvery straw colour; the palpi darker on the outside. A white stripe
extends from the base of the wing through the cell to the outer
margin, bifid beyond the cell. All the veins of the wing are more or less
indicated by pale yellow, edged on each side with a more or less broken
row of black scales. A pale yellow line crosses the wing at the end of the
cell where it rounds outwardly and runs nearly straight and vertical to the
hinder margin. The outer line is curved within the apex and runs straight
to the hinder margin. Both of these lines are faint, and the outer one is
edged on the outside with silvery scales. The terminal row of black dots
is in a straight line, and does not follow the margin at the lower part
where it rounds outwardly. Fringes silvery metallic. Hind wings white,
slightly stained with pale fuscous on the apex.

Described from one example from Colorado.

Alucita fishii, n. sp.

Expanse of wings, 20 mm. ‘Thorax and fore wings pure white, the
latter with a few brown atoms scattered over the costal part of the wing,
and more abundant before the fissure, where it almost defines itself as a
triangular spot with a curved outer side reaching to the costa, and beyond
which on the costa are two equidistant brown spots. Fringe pure white.
Hind wings and their fringes pure white. Abdomen white, head wanting
in the single specimen before me, which was taken in Nevada by the late
Mr. H. K. Morrison.

I name this species for Mr. Charles Fish, of Brunswick, Me., who did
such excellent work on our “ feather wings ” some years ago.

Alucita elliottii, 0. sp.

Expanse of wings, from 23 to 25 mm. Head pale yellow (?). Thorax
and fore wings pure white, the latter with a brown point before the cleft,
an elongated brown spot on the costa over the base of the cleft, and a few
brown atoms along the basal third of the fold. Hind wings and all the
fringes pure white.

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This insect was received from the late Mr. Elliott, who bred it at his
home in New York, but on what plant I did not learn.
Alucita eupatorit, Fern.

In 185s, Dr. Asa Fitch, in his first report as Entomologist of New
York, published the description of his Pterophorus cretidactylus. In 1874,
Prof. P. C. Zeller, in his ‘‘ Lepidoptera der Westkuste Amerika’s,” des-
cribed what he supposed to be Fitch’s cretidacty/us, under the generic
name Qidematophorus, and it was again referred to by Lord Walsingham
in his ‘* Pterophoridz of California and Oregon,” who sent specimens to
Zeller for determination, and also kindly gave me specimens of this as
well as of nearly all of the species he described.

Mr. Charles Fish took up the study of our Pterophoridze and described
several species in this journal, and later purchased the types of Dr. Fitch,
when he discovered that the species that had been so well described by
Prof. Zeller was not Fitch’s species. Finally I purchased Mr. Fish’s
collection, including not only his own types but also those of Dr. Fitch.
I was then able to verify the determination of Mr. Fish, and with him to
discover that Lord Walsingham had redescribed the true cretedactylus,
Fitch, under the name of Qidematophorus occidentalis. Vhe cretidactylus
of Zeller not being the true cvet¢dacty/us of Fitch, must have a new name,
and as it has been bred from Eupatorium purpureum by Mr. Elliott, I
have given it the specific name of ewfatori, as above.

Coriscium cuculipennellum, Ub.

I have received this species from Mr, M. V. Slingerland, of Cornell
University, who bred it from ash at Ithaca, N.Y. This European species
has not been observed in this country before, and is probably a recent
importation. Jam under obligations to Lord Walsingham, who compared
it with the European species, and determined it specifically for me..-

Mr. Slingerland also sent me what I believe to be a new species of
Carposina, which he bred on currant. He wrote me as follows:—‘ The

egg is laid on or within the berry, and the larva feeds upon the pulp, and
sometimes the seeds, confining its work to a single berry. The fruit soon
dropped, and the larva left the berry, went into the ground and there
pupated. The adults appeared in the spring about the time the currants
were turning red. There was only one brood during the season.”

The specimens received from Mr. Slingerland were in very poor
condition, and I have decided not to describe the species till better
specimens are obtained.

The genus Carfosina has been placed among the Tineids, but it
should be placed near Conchy/is among the Tortricids.

q

oT

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97

eee — Pe

HINTS ON COLLECTING COLEOPTERA DURING
THE WINTER.
BY A. FORD, ST. LEONARDS-ON-SEA, SUSSEX, ENGLAND.
During the winter the coleopterist in Britain finds a great deal to do in
the way of collecting, as many species are to be met with at this season,
which will probably not be found at any other period of the year. One
of the principal methods of collecting during the winter is “ tuft-cutting ”,

and it is astonishing the number of beetles which pass through the winter

in tufts of grass. Those growing in damp places in woods and on the

borders of ponds and streams are generally the most productive. They
should be cut off close to the roots, then shaken and pulled to pieces over
a sheet of paper, which should be very carefully examined, otherwise many
of the more minute species will be passed over. If the weather is too severe
for this sort of work, the collector should provide himself with a strong
canvas bag, into which the tufts can be shaken, and the contents can then

be examined at home at his leisure. Moss is also very productive at this
season. Vast numbers of beetles may be found hibernating in moss in
sheltered situations. This should be examined in the same way as the
tufts. Haystacks are also good hunting grounds for the coleopterist.
The loose refuse underneath the stack is usually the best part to work.
Piles of faggots and logs in woods generally repay the collector fora care-
ful examination. Numbers of beetles are to be found at the roots of grass,
especially on sandy banks, where the grass grows in patches. They are
always found as close as possible to the roots, and many of them _har-
monize so well with the ground that it requires a very careful search to
discover them. By carefully working a bank of this description one
winter I obtained over one hundred species of Coleoptera, including
several ‘“‘rarities”. I may add, the bank was only about thirty yards
long by two broad. Of course, there are many species of wood-boring
beetles to be found in the winter months, as also many others which
occur in various species of fungi.

A diligent collector will doubtless add many species, and probably
some “rarities” to his collection, if he takes the trouble to look for them
during the winter months, and if the foregoing remarks prove of any service
to those interested in Coleoptera, I shall be amply repaid for the trouble
of writing them. :

QS THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIS'T.

THE BUTTERFLIES OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.
BY ROBT. H. WOLCOTT.

Grand Rapids, Michigan, is situated in the western part of the State,
thirty miles from Lake Michigan, in N. lat. 42° 58°, in W. long. 85° 40’,
with an altitude of between 600 and 700 feet. The underlying forma-
tion, outcropping in the bed of the river, is the subcarboniferous lime-
stone, and the soil is for the most part a sandy or gravelly loam. The
surface of the surrounding country is rolling and diversified by numerous
small lakes, with tamarack swamps and peat bogs scattered here and
there. The timber is mainly hard wood, but now and then an aged,
solitary, pine or a group of younger pines in an out-of-the-way nook re-
minds us of the fact that we are within the limits of the pine region,
while much of the land formerly covered by pine is now occupied by a
growth of low oak scrub. ‘The flora is of a mixed character, the locality
being just within the pine belt, and the Grand River valley also forming
the northern limit of many southern species, such as the papaw, tulip-
tree, honey locust, flowering dogwood, tupelo, etc. The mean annual
temperature is about 47°, and the average annual rainfall about 36 inches,
while the season lasts usually from the middle of April to the fore part of
October. The fall of 1890, however, was an unusually late one, and
many sptcies were on the wing till the end of October, Co/ias philo-
dice being seen even on the 6th (about a dozen) and on the 2oth (one) of
November.

The following list of species is the result of ten years’ observation,
and covers the immediate vicinity of Grand Rapids within a radius of
about ten miles :—

1. Danais archippus.—Very common. Appearance as follows: The
hibernating individuals, from the middle of May to late in June ; of the
first brood, the larvae in June, the butterflies from early in July to August
15th ; of the second brood, the larve late in July and early in August, the
butterflies from the end of August to the middle of September ; of the
third brood, the larva in September, the butterflies in October and, after
hibernation, again the next May. It is thus three-brooded, and if we dis-
regard the time spent in hibernation, the life of each brood is from two to
two and a-half months. It is a very strong flyer, and is often seen hover-
ing about the tops of trees at a considerable distance from the ground,
especially near sunset, when seeking a hiding place for the night.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99

2. Euptoieta claudia.—One specimen; Lamberton Lake, in July, 1887.

3. Argynnis idalia.—Rare. Taken at Lamberton Lake during the
early part of July; is not as strong a flyer as are our other larger
Argynnids.

4. Argynnis cybele—Common. From the end of June to the middle
of August, frequenting, with the other species of the genus, low, wet
ground.

5. Argynnis aphrodite—Common. Flies from about the first week
in July to the end of August.

6. Argynnis alcestis.—Not rare, but less common than the preceding,
from which it may be told in most cases, even on the wing, by its more
ruddy colouring.

7. Argynnis myrina.a—Common. ‘Two broods during the season, the
first flying from June roth to the middle of July, the second from the
early part of August through September. A worn specimen was taken in
1890 as late as the 8th of October. Prof. E. A, Strong, once of this
place, now of Ypsilanti, Mich., is of the opinion that this species was
formerly rather rare.

8. Argynnis bellona.—Common. ‘Two-brooded, appearing from May
roth to June 15th, and from July 1st to August 15th.

9. Melitea phaeton.—Common at several localities, from which, how-
ever, it never strays. One damp, boggy meadow, where it was formerly
very abundant, has been recently drained and part of it cultivated, the
result being the extinction of the species at that place. Here were taken
all of the three specimens of the var. swferba, of the capture of which I
know. The species flies from the end of June to the latter part of July.

10. Melitea harrisit.—Rare. Taken over low meadows from the
middle of May to the middle of June.

11. Phyciodes nyctets—Sometimes quite common. ‘Two-brooded, ap-
pearing in June and again in August.

12. Phyciodes car/ota.—One specimen, the date of which is lost, but
taken, I think, early in June ; a fresh example.

13. Phyciodes tharos.—Common. Two broods ; the first form, mov-
pheus, flying from June 1oth to July 15th; the second, marcia, from the
early part of August into September. A worn specimen was taken
October 8th, 1890.

100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

14. Grapta interrogationis. —Common most years, some quite
abundant. Flies in early spring up to June 15th; the larve of the first
brood appear about the end of June, and the butterflies are on the wing
from July roth to the end of the month ; a second brood of larvee is
found about that time, and these give butterflies from the roth to the end
of August ; the third brood flies late in fall and hibernates. The hiber-
nating butterflies are mostly fadriciz, while wmbrosa is more abundant in
the summer broods.

15. Grapta comma —Common. Flies from eatly spring to the first
of June, again, the form dryas, from July rst to August 15th, while the
second and hibernating brood appears late in the fall.

16. Grapta progne.—Rather common. Early in spring, again in
July and August, and a second brood late in the fall hibernating.

17. Grapta j-album.—Not common, though much more so than
formerly. Appears early in September, and flies throughout the fall and
again in early spring. Our hardiest butterfly, appearing-at any time in
the winter that the weather is at all favourable. Under date of January
3rd, 1892, I have this note: ‘Coldest day of winter thus far, the
thermometer registering, at 7 a.m., 11°, and though the sun shinipg
brightly all day, the snow only melting in sheltered spots. At 4 p.m.
took a G. j-a/bum resting, wings erect, on the snow in the middle of the
sidewalk of a well-travelled street. Was chilled, but soon revived in the
house.” All the Graptas, together with Van. antiopa, are common early
in the spring around trees from which sap is flowing.

18. Vanessa antiopa.—Very common. Sometimes becoming a pest
by defoliating young elms. Usually three-brooded, the hibernators flying
from early spring to the end of May, the larve of the first brood appear-
ing early in June, and the butterfiies from the 1oth of the month to the
2oth of July ; the larvae of the second brood are found in the fore part of
July, the butterflies during August ; of the third brood, the hibernating
individuals, the larvae in September, the butterflies from September 2oth
onward.

19. Vanessa milbertii Common; inclined to be local. Three
broods, appearing as follows: The hibernating specimens from early in
spring to June 15th; of the first brood, the larve during the latter part
of May and early in June, the butterflies from the end of June to July
15th; the larvie of the second brood in July, the butterflies during

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 101

August ; the larve of the third or hibernating brood during the latter
part of August, the first butterflies about September 2oth. I have noticed
in a few instances the construction of a web by colonies of young larve.

20. Pyrameis atalanta.—Common. Two-brooded. The hibernating
individuals are seen from the end of April to the latter part of June; the
larvee of the first brood may be found in June, the butterflies from July
toth to August r5th; the larva of the second brood during August, the
butterflies from the 15th of September.

21. Pyrameis huntera.—Common. ‘Two-brooded, flying in the latter
part of June and in July, and again in September and October, being then
most abundant in clover fields. Hibernating specimens occur, no doubt,
early in spring, but I have no record of observations at that time.

22. Pyramets cardui.—Usually common, but some years quite infre-
quent. In 1884 was very abundant throughout the season, the thisties and
burdocks being stripped, and the nettles, ma!lows, sunflowers and holly-
hocks also attacked. It is usually two-brooded, flying from the latter
part of May through June; again, from larve in June, in July and
August ; and again, the second brood of the year, from the second week
in September onward.

23. Limenitis ursula.—Rather comiaon, though formerly rare. Two-
brooded, flying during June and early July and again in the latter part of
August. It is very much attached to certain localities, and in one door
yard for several years it has never failed to appear, at any time during its
season, one having to wait but a few minutes to see one or more. It
likes to fly along paths in woods and, like d@ésippus and the species of
Pyrameis, Grapta and Vanessa, has the bad taste to frequent heaps of
decaying animal and vegetable refuse.

24. Limenitis disippus—Common. ‘Two-brooded. The first brood
flies during June, the second from August 15th through September, one
being seen on one occasion on the 8th of October. It frequents especial-
ly willow bushes lining the banks of streams.

25. Apatura clyton.—One specimen of the form proserpina taken by
Mr. L. S. Livingston, a former local collector, a few miles east of the city,
on the 15th of July, 1885. 1 am also informed by Prof. E. A. Strong
that two or three were taken near the city some years ago.

26. Meonympha canthus.—Common during July, frequenting low
grounds and swampy meadows,

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

27. Meonympha eurytris—Common. In June in open woods.

28. Meonympha mitchelli.irJuly ist, 1885, three years before the
species was described, I found it rather common near South Grand
Rapids in company with cavthus, but had neither specimens nor authori-
ties from which to pronounce upon its newness. Have found it quite
common at the same locality, a bog some two acres in extent, every year
since, from the rst to the 15th of July. It is readily told on the wing by
its dark colour, small size, and weak flight ; but owing to its fragility and
its habit of flitting low amongst grass and weeds, perfect specimens in
any number are difficult to obtain.

29. Satyrus alope-—Formerly found here, as I learn from older
collectors, but disappeared several years ago.

30. Satyrus nephele.—This form is now common in July at two or
three localities—low, wet meadows—and specimens are found of the var.
olympus and others approaching var. xepheve.

31. Libythea bachmani.—One specimen taken in August, 1883, by
Mr. C. S. Osborne, a local collector, and another by myself in 1887.
August 21, 1885, Mr. L. S. Livingston found a nearly full-grown larva of
this species beneath a hackberry tree at the same locality at which the
butterflies were captured, and at which the Apatura clyton was taken. \

32. Calephelis borealis.—Taken in July at two or three localities, but
only at allcommon in two low, wet, grassy areas near Lamberton Lake,
each less than an acre in extent.

33. Zhecla acadica.—Common in July, frequenting especially the
flowers of butterfly-weed and New Jersey tea.

34. Thecla edwardsii.—Rather common, in company with the next,
late in June and early in July, on the leaves of low scrub oaks.

35. Lhecla calanus.—Quite common, and like the preceding, has a
curious habit when resting on a leaf of rubbing the upper surfaces of its
wings together, giving the tails an upward and downward motion.

36. Lhecla strigosa.—Rare. July, on the butterfly-;weed and New
Jersey tea.

37. Thecla niphon (2)—In my notes under the date of May 2, 1885,
I have this observation: “ A Zhecla (iphon ?) was seen but was unable
to capture it.” This could have been none of the other species named,
and from the date and our being in a pine region, am inclined to think it
this species.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103

38. Zhecla titus—Common. Appearing about the middle of July
and flying a month or so, frequenting particularly the butterfly-weed.

39. Chrysophanus thoe.—Common, especially in tracts of blue flag
from June roth to the rst of July, and from August 15th to the middle of
September.

40. Chrysophanus eptxanthe.—Very common at Lamberton Lake,
flying over tracts of shrubby cinquefoil (/otentilla fruticosa). Ihave
taken it from June roth to September rgth, and it is common at all times
between, though I think there are two broods in reality.

41. Chrysophanus hypophieas.—Common. Flies from May roth to
June 15th, from July 15th to August 15th, and again from September 2oth
to October gth, when I have seen worn specimens. It is thus apparently
three-brooded, but I believe that of the larve from the summer brood
some mature and give imagos in the fall, while others go over to spring,
and that it is really two-brooded.

42. Lycena lygdamus.—Rare. Late in April and early in May along
muddy cow-paths. Very local.

43. Lycena pseudargiolus.—Form vivlacea is not common, appear-
ing in April and early May, while zeg/ecta is a common form from June
roth to the latter part of August, and seems in some specimens to ap-
proach var. pseudargiolus.

44. Lycena comyntas.—Common in May on willow blossoms. Again
found from July r5th to August rsth, delighting in wet, muddy places in
woods. In 1890, fresh specimens were taken again September 2oth, but
I believe these were disclosed from chrysalides which should have gone
over till the next spring.

45. Pieris protodice—Very common in fall from August roth to the
end of September, but the spring form, vervadcs, is rather rare, appearing
from the end of April to the middle of June.

46. Pieris oleracea —Not common. Low ground; in May and again
in July and August.

47. Pieris rape.—Very common. Several broods, appearing con-
tinually throughout the season. The earliest of my dates is April 7th,
the iatest October 13th. The species was here when I began collect-
ing in 1883 and I have taken it ever since. Am unable to give the date
of its first appearance.

48. Meganostoma cesonia.—F¥ormerly found here, I am told, but rare.

49. Colias eurytheme.—Once seen, July 20th, 1886,

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

50. Coltas philodice.—Very common and producing about four broods
in a season, its appearance some seasons being nearly continuous from
the first of May to the end of October, and in 1890 seen November 2oth.
Occasionally in spring a form resembling avztiyade is seen, expanding
but 1.5 inches. Var. a@/va is more abundant in the late summer broods.
A third variety occurs which I have nowhere found described, but which
is distinct from any variety given in Smith’s List, and seems to me to
merit a varietal name.

Colias philodice, var. luteitincta, nov. var.—Differs from the norma]
philodice in the possession of an orange shade upon the primaries ex-
tending from the middle of the posterior margin to the median vein, shad-
ing off in all directions into the yellow ground colour, and occupying
exactly the position of the orange patch in Co/. eurytheme, var. ariadne.
The secondaries also in most specimens show an orange flush in the central
portion. I first met this form in company with ewrythemeand philodice in
August, 1885, at Batavia, Ills.. and supposed the specimens to be
hybrids. But have since taken it at different times at Grand Rapids, where
eurytheme has been seen but once, and have collected in all about a
dozen specimens, one of them a female. I find the colouring very
constant and sufficiently marked to distinguish the form even when on the
wing. Have recently seen a specimen in a collection at Lansing, Mich.
Edwards figures an orange variety and suggests the possibility of its being
a hybrid between the two species, ewrytheme and philodice ; it is not like
this and appears much more likely to be, as suggested, a hybrid.

51. Zerias disa.—Rare. One specimen taken east of the Michigan
Soldiers’ Home, August ro, 1891.

52. Papilio ajax.—Formerly rare, but has been becoming constantly
more common with the spread of the papaw, upon which it feeds, till
now it is very common in the southern part of the country and quite so
at Grand Rapids, especially in the vicinity of its food-plant. Vars.
telamonides and walshii fly from the early part of May to the latter part
of June, and marce//us from the end of July to the end of September.

53. Papilio turnus.—Common from the end of May to the early
part of July, congregating about wet places in roads, etc. Var. g/aucus
is rare. Two specimens have been taken on the wing and one reared
from a larva collected on cultivated cherry.

54. Papilio cresphontes.—Not uncommon in June.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105

Seve tye ee a A re ee ee —————— — ——

55. Papilio astertas.—Rather common. ‘Two-brooded, the first
being on the wing from the end of May to the first of July, the second
during August and fore part of September.

56. Papilio troi/us.—Our most common fafilio. ‘Two-brooded, fly-
ing from the middle of May to the end of June, and from the beginning
of August to September. In one case a battered specimen was taken
September 25th.

57. Anucyloxypha numitor.—Common. One brood in June and
another in August. Flies in low, wet meadows.

58. Zhymelicus poweshiek.—Common at Lamberton Lake in July. In
flight and habits generally much like the preceding.

59. Pamphila hobomok.—Common. June. More abundant at cer-
tain localities, and, like all the species of Pamphila, seems to prefer low,
swampy tracts and wet meadows. Several specimens of the var. foco-
hontas have been taken.

60. Pamphila sassacus.—Rather common in June in company with
mystic and peckius.

61. Pamphila leonardus.—Rare. Flies from August roth to the end
of the month.

62. Pamphila egeremet,—Not common. July.

63. Pamphila peckius.—Very common. Apparently two-brooded, one
brood appearing early in June, the other during the first week in August.

64. Pamphila mystic.—Common. Yrom early June to the middle of
July.

65. Pamphila cernes.—Very common. ‘l'wo broods during a season,
one flying from June roth to July 15th, the other from August rs5th to the
end of September. In 1890, took a fresh female on October 4th. A
female taken in July, 1892, differs from the normal form in an almost
entire lack of fulvous in the cell,

66. Pamphila manataagua,—One specimen, July r4th, 1892.

67. Pamphila metacomet.—Rather rare. Flies during the latter part
of July.

68. Pamphila bimacula.—One female taken July 20th, 1892.

69. Pamphila pontiac—Common in July. Have a male specimen in
which the under surface of one secondary is suffused with brownish so as
to completely obscure the normal pattern of the wing.

70. Lamphila dion.—Common in July, last year, at one locality in
company with Aontiac, and upon the wing much resembling that species,

106 THE CANADIANENTOMOLOGIST.

The range is much wider than given in French, as I have specimens from
Western New York.

71. Pamphila delaware.—Usually not very common, but last year
was quite abundant at two or three localities. Flies in July.

72. WMisoniades brizo.—Not common. Appears early in May.
73. LVisoniades icecdus.—Rather common from the end of May,
through June, and once taken, a battered example, as late as July 14th.

74. Wisoniades luctlius—Found, but not common, in June.

75. LVisoniades persius.—Not common. Flies about the end of May.

76. Nisoniades juvenalis.—Common in June. The species of (Viso-
niades seem to appear in spring about in this order: first 47zz0, then zce/us,
persius and juvenalis, and lastly /ucidius. They all delight in recent
clearings in the woods and in tracts of bushes, stumps and pbrush-heaps.

77. Pholisora catullus—Common. ‘Two-brooded, appearing in June
and again in September, the second brood being especially common
around door yards and waste places where grow different species of
Amarantus, especially A. a/bus. The larve are also found on Chenofpe-

dium album.

78. Eudamus pylades.—Quite common. Seen in spring from the
middle of May to the middle of June, preferring open woods.

79. Eudamus tityrus.—Common, From the end of May to the
middle of July, but seems to prefer a solitary life and more than two or
three are never seen at any one time.

From this list it appears that 79 species of butterflies have been taken
at this locality ; one or two remarks, perhaps, would be of value concern-
ing certain ones. As to the Papilios, from information received from
Prof. E. A. Strong, who began to collect at this piace some thirty years
ago, it appears that ¢vo//us has constantly grown more common, and
asterias and turnus less so ; ajax was once extremely rare, and the first
cresphontes was not taken till some years after Mr. Strong came here,
though he is unable to give me the exact date. Preris rape has, of
course, appeared in comparatively recent times, and as it has become
more common, Mr. Strong thinks protodice has decreased in numbers,
while o/evacea is certainly much less common than it was ten years ago.
Sat. alope, once taken, has disappeared and wephece become common,
but not however at the same locality. Avg. myrina, Grapta j-album
and Zim. ursuda have also grown more common of recent years,

«a
it

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107

I desire in closing to call attention to one locality near this city which
is, it seems to me, a remarkably productive one, and that is the vicinity of
Lamberton Lake. Upon one day last summer, July 14th, I observed
there 34 species, ina tract less than a mile in length :—Dan. archippus,
Arg. aphrodite, alcestis, myrina, bellona, Mel. phaeton, Phyc. nycteis
(worn), tharos, Grapta comma var. dryas, progne, Van. antiopa, Lim.
ursula, disippus (worn), Leon. canthus, eurytris, Sat. nephele, Cad.
borealis, Thecla acadica, edwardsii, calanus, Chrys. hypophleas, epix-
anthe, Pier. rape, Col. philodice, Pap. asterias (one), Thym. poweshiek,
Pam. peckius, cernes, pontiac, egeremet, mystic, delaware, manataaqua,
and JVis. icelus (worn). A very long list, it seems to me, for one day in
one locality.

TRYPHON FLAVIFRONS, N. S.
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S., SOUTH QUEBEC.

Antenne, filiform, brown; number of joints, twenty-seven ; scape,
large, ovate, pale yellow beneath. Eyes naked, large and prominent,
dark rosy brown. Clypeus, Jabrum, mandibles and palpi pale yellow.
The lower portions of the epicranium are of the same colour. The occiput
is biack, smooth and glossy. Mesothorax highly convex, black, sparsely
set with short, pale-brown, retrorse hairs. Scutellum elevated. Tegulz
yellow. The under parts of thorax amber-coloured, as are also the legs,
with the exception of the tarsi and parts of the tibize of the hindmost
pair, which are brown.

Wings hyaline. Costal and sub-costal nervures coalesce: stigma
large ; basal nervure much curved inwardly; the second transverse
cubital nervure wanting ; third submarginal cell large ; second transverse
cubital nervure short and straight ; recurrent nerves straight and parallel ;
second discoidal cell rather small.

Abdomen long, flattened, sessile, black above, yellow beneath. Ovi-
positor black, short and straight, the case set with black bristles beneath.

Length of body, three-tenths of an inch, and of antennz two-tenths.
Expanse of wings, four-tenths. The fly makes its appearance in August.

Described from six specimens obtained from Nematus larve that had
fed on a species of poplar (7. no/esti) imported from Russia, and that
had gone into cocoon,

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE SONG OF THYREONOTUS.
BY WILLIAM T. DAVIS, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y.

Mr. Samuel H. Scudder, in the Report of the Ontario Entomological
Society for 1892, gives an interesting account of the “Songs of Our
Grasshoppers and Crickets,” and kindly permits the stridulations of a
number of Staten Island insects to be heard mid the general medley.

There is, however, an additional songster to be added to this list, as
appears from the following.

On the 26th of last June I heard in a moist pasture, on the north
shore of the Island, a stridulation that was unknown to me. It much
resembled that produced by Orchelimum vulgare, with the preliminary
zip, zip, omitted. It was a continuous z ¢¢e, with an occasional short 2,
caused by the insect getting its wing-covers ready for acticn after a period
of silence. It was too early for Orchelimum vulgare by about a week; at
least I have never heard one on the Island before the fourth of July; so
in the-present instance I made careful search for the musician. In due
time I discovered, in a tussock of rank swamp grass, the brown songster
perched on a dead leaf, and receiving the evidently welcome rays from
the afternoon sun. It was Thyreonotus pachymerus, and in the swampy
field about me I heard others of its kind, so that this individual was only
one of a considerable colony.

A failure to make proper use of his legs (the wings are abortive),
resulted in the transfer of Thyreonotus from the tussock to atin can. At
home I made a bowery for him ina larger tin can covered with netting,
into which was introduced a branch of the coriaceous leaved post oak, and
when the leaves dried, there were innumerable nooks and crannies
Wherein to hide. Usually, however, the insect did not hide at all, but
perched himself on one of the topmost leaves and there waved his antennz
after the manner of all long-horned Orthoptera. Starting with rasp-
berries, he had the rest of the fruits in their season, including watermelon,
of which he showed marked appreciation. If I offered him a raspberry,
and then gradually drew it away, he would follow in the direction of the
departing fruit and would finally eat it from my hand.

As the bowery was kept in my bed room, I had the full benefit of the
songs of its occupant, and was often awakened in the night by his sud-
den, alarm-like outburst of melody. He stridulated with unabated zeal
to the first of August, when I noticed that his energies were’ lagging—he

't
qi

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109

seemed to be much less sprightly. Finally his song, instead of filling the
room, was but a faint sound, and I was obliged to place my ear close to
the tin can. This was nearing the end, which came either on the tenth or
eleventh of September, I cannot say which, for the bowery was not dis-
turbed until its occupant had been missing from the upper leaves for

several days.

Once or twice during his captivity he took unnecessary alarm at my
well-meant efforts to ‘‘fix” the bowery, and whacked his head most
insanely against the tin can, being propelled thereto by his muscular hind
legs. However, no harm seemed to result from these little fits of nervous-
ness, and he evidently died quietly enough in the end.

I have observed in other kinds of grasshoppers the subsidence in the
volume of song as they grew older, which evidently makes it unsafe to
take the efforts of a single individual as the standard of the species,
especially if the time is late in the fall.

NOTES ON LEUCANIA PSEUDARGYRIA, GUEN.
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, F. L. S., SOUTH QUEBEC.

full-grown larva.—Length, two inches. Colour greenish-brown
above, greenish-grey beneath. Pale dorsal and side lines. Spiracles
black. Head and scale on second segment light reddish-brown ; jaws
darker brown. This description agrees with that given by Mr. Caulfield
in Vol. XIII. of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 132.

The larve, like those of Arzama obliquata, feed in the stems of Zypha
latifolia. ‘The two species may sometimes be found in the same plant.
They are plentiful in the swampy ground at the foot of Mount Royal,
Montreal. Both sometimes become the prey of the maggots of Chetopsis
aenea, Wied.

Pupa.—Length, one inch and a-quarter. Colour light brick-red.
Forepart rounded abruptly and terminating in a beak-like projection,
resembles the head of a bird. Thoracic portion of case curves backward
on either side to a point. Wing cases large.

My specimens underwent the pupal change amongst the accumulated
frass in their tunnels ; but doubtless the larva sometimes leave the food-
plant and seek hibernacula elsewhere, as do those of Arzama obliquata,

(See Mr. Caulfield’s notes referred to above. )

110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

TWO NEW CYNIPIDS FROM WASHINGION STATE.
BY C. P, GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLO.

In February of last year I received a box of galls from Mr. Trevor
Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington, for identification. The galls were
taken from Rubus Mutkanus, and the flies reared from them early in the
following March prove to be a new species, which I take pieasure in dedi-
cating to Mr. Kincaid.

Diastrophus kincaidii, n. sp.

Gall.—Either of the two galls in my possession measure almost
exactly 114 inches in length by three-fifths of an inch in greatest diameter,
and are upon twigs that do not exceed 214 mm. in diameter. The galls are
abrupt enlargements of the twigs, and they are literally filled with larval
cells. The portion of the gall-subtance lying outside the cells is quite
pithy, but the portion forming the septa between the cells is hard and
woody. ‘The surface of the gall is smooth, but is irregularly swollen or
lumpy, much as in the gall of D. nebulosus.

Gall-fly—Female. Black ; legs, dark rufous; length, 2 to 2% mm.

Head: face, coarsely striated ; frontal carina, smooth and shining and
but little elevated (it seems like a ridge made by two depressed lines,
one on either side) vertex, gene and occiput smooth and shining ;
ocelil, inconspicuous ; face, sparsely set with very fine pubescence ; man-
dibles, somewhat rufous at base; antenne, 13-jointed and black in
colour. Thorax: mesonotum, nude, polished ; parapsidal grooves dis-
tinct; median groove also distinct, but extending only a short distance
from scutellum ; prothorax, striate ; mesothoracic pleur, shining, finely
aciculate over a portion of the surface; scutellum rugose, bifoveate.
Abdomen, entirely black ; petiole, fluted, second segment occupying one-
half of the dorsum. Wings, 3 mm. long: hyaline; rst and 2nd transverse
nervures, quite black, but not very heavy ; areolet, small,

The male differs from the female in being only one and three-fourths
mm. long, having antenne 14-jointed, and having the abdomen smaller.

Described from 25 females and 14 males bred from the galls.
Synergus garryana, n. sp.

Female. General colour rufous, with tips of mandibles, compound
eyes, vertex between ocelli, occiput, lower half of mesopleure, metathorax,
pedicel of abdomen and two blotches on second abdominal segment, one
next the petiole and one just beyond the middle of the dorsum, black.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BE

Head ; face entirely yellowish-rufous, coarsely striated and sparsely
set with short hairs; vertex rugose-punctate ; antenne 14-jointed, and in
colour like the face, a little infuscate at the tip. Thorax above a little
darker rufous than the face, transversely rugose; parapsidal grooves
narrow and rather indistinct, but extending to the collar; no median
groove; parallel lines extending back from the collar, short and rather
indistinct, sparsely set with short recumbent hairs ; scutellum coarsely
rugose, the fovez oblique and shining biack at the bottom.; mesothor-
acic pleure coarsely aciculate ; in two specimens the lower half only is
black, and in two others, a little smaller, the entire pleurz are
black. Abdomen: petiole coarsely striated; second segment very
smooth and shining, and finely punctured on outer third. Legs, includ-
ing coxe, uniform light yellow, except the tarsi of the third pair and the
tips of the last tarsus in the others, which are black. Wings hyaline,
nervures light, areolet obsolete. Length, 214 to 3 mm.

Male. The male differs from the female as follows: Length, 21%
mm.; vertex above antenne, except a narrow orbital line, black ; antenne,
15-jointed ; thorax, entirely black ; abdomen, black, except the tip of the
second segment, which is yellowish, and the entire tibiz of the pair of
legs are blackish.

The above descriptions are made from four females and five males
which issued from the galls between March rst and roth, 1893.

The galls from which this very pretty Synergus was reared resemble
very closely those of Hfolcaspis monticola, Gill, MS., the description of
which is already in the hands of the printer for publication. The galls
were collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington, from
twigs of Quercus garryana.

WHICH (SIDE. OF THE PREE DOES, PHLGOTRIBUS
LIMINARIS ATTACK ?
BY F, M. WEBSTER.

Recently, while studying the habits of this beetle in the peach orchards
of Catawba Island, on the south shore of Lake Erie, I was surprised to
observe that the fall attack had invariably been made on the east or south-
east side—which is here the land side of the trees—and old trees, where
the bark of the trunks was very rough, were more seriously affected. On
mentioning the fact of this apparent discrimination in point of attack to
my friend Dr. D. S. Kellicott, he recalled that the same phenomenon
occurred about Buffalo, New York.

112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Here in Ohio, in every case where the writer has observed it, the
adults only have been found, wintering in burrows or chambers in the
bark clearly excavated by themselves after becoming fully developed and
not during larval stage.

On February 10, I took from a peach tree in Eastern Arkansas,
adults, pups and what I presumed to be larvee of this species, from all
sides of the tree, which, by the way, was rather a young one with bark
comparatively little roughened. ‘This tree stood just above high water
mark, on the eastern foot of Crawley’s Ridge, which marks the western
boundary of the swamp or overflowed country to the west of the Missis-
sippi River. There was here, certainly, no partiality shown for any
particular side of the tree. Are the beetles in Northern Ohio and
Western New York driven to the discrimination previously noted by the
lake winds, at the time they burrow into the bark in the fall, and has such
selection in point of attack been observed elsewhere, except near and
to the south of the Great Lakes ?

CORRESPONDENCE.

TRYPETA, CLISIOCAMPA AND AMMALO.

The January and February numbers of the CANADIAN’ ENTOMOLOGIST
just to hand suggest a few remarks. Prof. Townsend gives a most inter-
esting account of the Azge/ovia Trypetid, and although I had described
the imago as well as the gall in Ent. Mo. Mag. (Dec., 1890, p. 324), most
of what he writes is new. The eyes, as Prof. Townsend surmises, ‘are
green in life. The variety from Johnson’s Basin seems to have the char-
acter of my var. asrupta. The hymenopterous parasite mentioned on
page 52 may perhaps be a Zorymus, identical with one I bred at West
Cliff. I also bred from the galls a new Aurytoma (£. bigelovie, Ashm.)
and a weevil, Anthonomus canus, besides the Cecid, which I described as
Cecidomyia bigelovie. At West Cliff, Colo., a Clistocampa is very com-
mon, which, according to Mr. Dyar, must be referred to C. fragilis,
Stretch. I had always called it californica, following Dr. Packard’s
opinion. An account of this insect will be found in the 4th Rept. of the
Colo. Biol. Assoc., where the distinctness of certain of the larve from
californica is alluded to. Populus and Salix may be added to the list of
food-plants. I also found larve on Rides aureum. I found the eggs on
willow branches in batches; colour pale greyish, shape elongate, egg-
shells iridescent within. Ammophila robusta is an enemy of the larva,
but I did not notice any parasites. On page 27 Mr. Dyar refers to
Ammalo helops. ‘This gets nearer to the U.S. than Surinam, at all events,
since Moschler in 1886 recorded it from Jamaica. With reference to the
foot note on page 52, it is only fair to state that the trypetid nature of the
Bigelovia galls was first discovered at the Department of Agriculture,
Washington. This was before I had bred the imago.

Feb. 19, 1893. aT. DAY COckEREDL,

Mailed April 11th.

The Fanadliay Hntomologist

WOM DEX.

LONDON, MAY, 1893. No. 5.

NEW SPECIES OF FOSSORIAL HYMENOPTERA.
BY WM. J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA.
MYZINE THORACICA.

° .—Clypeus strongly and closely punctured, carinated or angular down
the middle ; front with large, coarse punctures, which become sparser on
the vertex and cheeks ; the ocelli deeply pitted, the hind pair almost
hidden ; prothorax, mesopleure, dorsulum and scutellum with large,
separated punctures, those on the dorsulum by far the largest and sparest ;
metathorax above and behind entirely smooth, the metapleure with
oblique striations ; legs, especially the tibize, coarsely punctured, the outer
side of the medial and hind tibiw covered with strong, short bristles, and
in addition with a row of stout, short spines on the outer edge, the medial
and hind tarsi with long bristles and spines ; anterior tarsi with the spines
stout, the longest equalling the length of the first joint of that tarsus ;
wings flavo-hyaline, somewhat fuscous apically, the nervures testaceous ;
abdomen with a beautiful iridescent sheen dorsally, with fine rather close
punctures, the first segment and base of the following three impunctate ;
on the apical portion of segments 1-3 the punctures are sparse and
stronger, those on the fifth segment stronger ; ventral segments on apical
portion with large punctures or holes, which form on segments 1-4 a
transverse row, which is produced forward into an angle medially ; last
dorsal segment with fine longitudinal striations. Black: mandibles, except
apical portion, apex of scape, base of femora beneath, apex of fore tibize,
the remaining tibie above and the tarsi. Rufous : a spot at the extreme side
of clypeus, a transverse mark on front behind antenne, interrupted
medially, which extends up along the inner orbits and coalesces with the
mark on the vertex—this latter extends down on the cheeks ; prothorax
above, except two elongate, transverse marks, two large spots on meso-
pleurze, middle and outer lobes of the dorsulum in part, tegule, scutellum,
post scutellum, a large spot in middle of metanotum, a much larger one
on each side of the posterior face, which extends around on the sides ; the

114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

femora and tibie in part, a transverse band on dorsal segments 1-5 of
abdomen, all of which except the first are narrowed medially, the first and
second slightly separated, that on the third segment somewhat squarely
emarginate behind, and ventral segments 2-4 with a large spot, those on
the second segment longitudinal, the others transverse; mandibles and
labrum fringed with testaceous hairs ; head, thorax, legs and abdomen
beneath with long, pale hair. Length, 18-20 mm.

So. Illinois (Chas. Robertson). One specimen has the markings on
the abdomen narrower, the band on the second segment widely divided in
the middle, the third ventral segment immaculate, and the front with a
longitudinal medial yellow line. Allied to sexeincta and caroliniana.
From the first mentioned it is distinguished by the entirely smooth meta-
thorax, the richer livery ; from the latter by the stronger and closer
punctuation of the front and ventral portion of the abdomen and larger
size. It may, however, prove to be but a variety of sexcincta.

POMPILUS RELATIVUS.

2 .— Anterior margin of clypeus distinctly but not strongly incurved ;
ront with the impressed line obliterated in the middle, but very strong
behind the antennz and before the ocelli; posterior margin ‘of
prothorax subangular: metathorax rounded behind, upper surface with a
rather strong, longitudinal, impressed line, which terminates at base of
posterior face, the latter depressed; tibiz and tarsi strongly spinose ;
tarsal claws toothed at the base; longest spur of hind tibiw# more than
haif as long as the first joint of hind tarsi; wings deep blackish violaceous,
the apical margins even darker, third submarginal cell triangular, the
second and third cubital transverse veins very contiguous at the top,
second recurrent nervure sinuous, received by the third submarginal cell
at about the middle; ventral abdominal segments with a few erect hairs,
which are most dense and prominent on apical segment. Black, with a
very slight bluish reflection, which is most obvious on the abdomen ; legs
and antenne entirely black; head and anterior coxe with numerous
long, black hairs, the prothorax and dorsulum also with a very few
hairs. Length, 18 mm.

Two specimens. Ocean County, N.J. (Prof. J. B. Smith); So.
Illinois (Chas. Robertson). Related to philadelphicus, ethiops and
maurus. ‘The clypeus is much less incurved than in either of the first

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 115

two species, and the third submarginal cell differently shaped. From
maurus it differs by having the tarsal claws toothed, instead of cleft. Its
position is between @thiops and maurus.

POMPILUS POSTERUS.

?.—Anterior margin of clypeus very slightly incurved; frontal
impression distinct ; posterior margin of prothorax bowed ; metathorax
not impressed above ; tibiz and tarsi very strongly spinose, the longest of
those on the fore tarsi almost equalling the first joint of that tarsus in
length ; tarsal claws cleft; longest spur of hind tibia much more than
two-thirds as long as the first joint of hind tarsi; wings hyaline, the
apical margin broadly fuscous, nervures black; third submarginal cell
narrowed about one half at the top, the second recurrent nervure
received by it a little beyond the middle. Black: head, thorax, legs and
first abdominal segment clothed with silvery pile which has somewhat the
appearance of verdigris; hind femora and tibie (the spurs excepted)
rufous , posterior margin of prothorax narrowly whitish ; head with rather
sparse, pale hair. Length, 7 mm.

¢.—More slender than the female, antenne shorter and stouter ; the
tibial spurs, transverse band at base of third dorsal segment, and spot at
apex of abdomen above, white. Length, 7 mm.

Camden County, N. J. (July) ; So. Florida (Cras. Robertson). Allied
to biguttatus, from which it differs in the colour of the hind legs, the
stronger armature of the legs and the greater length of the hind tibial
spur.

PLANICEPS CALCARATUS.

f?.—Anterior margin of clypeus rounded ; front strongly impressed on
lower portion ; anterior ocelli deeply pitted ; antenne reaching much
beyond the tegule, the flagellum slightly tapering to the apex; hind
margin of prothorax formed into a very slight angle medially ; metathorax
above with exceedingly fine punctures, with longitudinal, medial, im-
pressed line; tibie with distinct, though not strong, spines, the tarsi
scarcely or not at allspined; longest spur of hind tibize as long as the first
joint of nind tarsi ; wings sub-hyaline, iridescent, nervures fuscous, second
recurrent nervure uniting with the second transverse cubital vein ; black ;

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

tibial spurs white ; head and sides of thorax sparsely clothed with silvery-
sericeous pile. Length, 6 mm.

So. Florida ( Chus. Robertson). Distinct from our only other known
species, ferad’s, by the longer antenne and hind tibial spurs, and by the
white calcaria.

GORYTES DENTATUS.

¢.—Head not as broad as the thorax ; ocellar region slightly raised,
the ocellt forming a very low triangle ; front with large, shallow, scattered
punctures, the longitudinal impressed line strong; inner eye-margins
slightly though distinctly converging towards the clypeus; scape but
little if anything longer than the clypeus, is long in the middle, third
antennal joint distinctly longer than any of the following, except the last,
to which it is about equal ; joints ro-12 emarginate beneath, the twelfth
joint but slightly so; clypeus convex, with a few scattered, indistinct
punctures, its anterior margin distinctly incurved. Thorax with strong,
separated punctures, sparsest on the scutellum ; in addition to the carina
which runs from each shoulder tubercle around the fore edge of meso-
sternum, there is behind it a transverse carina or ridge, which terminates
in a stout tooth at the extreme side; enclosed space on metanotum well-
marked, triangular, its sides somewhat incurved, on the basal portion it is
longitudinally strongly striated, while on the apical narrow portion it is
transversely striated, at the apex of the enclosure there is a strong pit ; four
posterior tibiz and tarsi tolerably well furnished with spines; wings hyaline,
a fuscous cloud completely fills the marginal, second and third submar-
ginal, and the apical portion of the third discoidal cells ; there is also a
slight spot at apex of median and sub-median cells, stigma and costal
nervure fulvous,the other nervures black. Abdomen with tolerably strong,
separated punctures, strongest and more scattered ventrally, first segment
at apex nearly as wide as the second, sessile with it, the second segment
transversely swollen near the base, so that when viewed from the side the
first and second segments are separated by a deep suture. Entirely bright
ferruginous ; tips of mandibles black ; clypeus, front and face on sides,
scape beneath, transverse line on collar, shoulder-tubercles, anterior por-
tion of mesopleurz, scutellum, a spot on four anterior tibiz in front, first
joint of medial tarsi at base, and apical margins of dorsal abdominal
segments 1-3, pale yellow; the fascia on segments 2 and 3 narrowest

2?

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ALT

broadened at extreme sides; a broad fascia on second ventral segment
and two large spots on the third, also yellowish ; clypeus sparsely clothed

with pale hairs. Length, ro mm.

Grand Canon, Arizona, ‘‘70 miles North of Flagstaff.” (C. H. Tyler
Townsend). Not closely related to any of our species. It comes nearest
to G. spilopterus and trico/or, but the sculpture is finer and the abdomen
differently shaped. It differs from the ¢ of ¢récolor in the dentate
mesosternum ; the 2 of sfilopterus is as yet unknown, but dentatus

differs too greatly to consider it the ¢ of that species.
MIMESA MACULIPES.

¢.—Anterior margin of clypeus subtruncate, entire ; front with very
fine, close punctures, which become sparse on the vertex, and strongly
impressed medially ; ocelli very prominent, placed in a triangle, on each
side of the hind pair there is a strong depression ; antennz rather long,
the flagellum clavate; first joint of flagellum about one-quarter longer
than the second ; dorsulum with very fine punctures, almost impunctate;
suture between dorsulum and scutellum wide; scutellum impunctate,
slightly impressed medially ; metathorax very strongly rugose ; the enclosed
space at base of metanotum with numerous, somewhat oblique ridges ;
petiole in length distinctly shorter than the hind femora, almost straight,
the upper surface with two widely separated furrows, on the sides the
petiole is broadly channelled; remainder of abdomen impunctate, last
dorsal segment smooth; black, the abdomen entirely so; flagellum
beneath rufous ; apex of four anterior femora, the tibiz and tarsi, pale
testaceous ; hind tibiz, except base and apex, black; face and clypeus
with bright silvery pubescence, wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black.
Length, 10 mm.

So. Florida (Chas. Robertson). Because of both recurrent nervures
received by the second submarginal cell, I have placed this in AZzmesa.
It differs from all our species of that genus (?) by the entirely black

abdomen. In my opinion J//mesa is but a section of Psen.

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SYNOPSIS OF THE ASILID GENERA MALLOPHORA AND
NICOCLES.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

With the exceptions of J/allophora ardens, Macq., and MM. fulviven-
tris, Macq., neither of which have been identified, the following table
contains all the species belonging to this genus at present known to occur
in America north of Mexico. Three species are known to me to inhabit
Southern California: /aufrix, O. S., originally described from Mexico ;
Gui/diana, also found in Montana, Kansas and North Carolina; and a
new species described below :—

1. Pile ef abdomen hght coloured, none black

ane nee
Pile of abdomen light coloured, many on the fourth or ealowine
segments black. oe Mie g.cich S.atecS Faken} 4 eee
Pile of abdomen aioli bine, Pesci AG 9 Aten epee Le
2, Femoray€xcept theextieme apes. Diteiian..o ne rere ee
Femora dJargelyor-wholly ted) @.i.c 7 eer sans «Dee eee ee
3. Thorax destitute of black pile, first posterior cell broadly

OPIS. cc 3.0 avg abate” sar curay eames areca pidis ais IMERMCAILE, NSD:

Thorax a Black pile, fee Hoste Or cell faloeeul clausticella, Macq.

4. Femora wholly red, pile of legs largely black.......fautrix, O. £
Femora marked with a distinct black spot on each, pile of legs

light yellow........ is. Ga 4u ahs! dada he GIA eae

Regi lesOt) venten Wohi coloured Eee ee ee
Pile of venter black... Se ee en ae? .orcina, Wied.

6. Species not erect. I5 mm. in anew: ......laphroides, Wied.
Species exceeding 20 mm. in length... ........domboides, Wied.

Matlophora megachile, n. sp., 6 9. Black, tibiae and extreme apices
of the four anterior femora yellow. Pile of entire body grayish-white,
more yellow on the tibiz, a few black ones on the antenne, front, tips of
posterior femora above, and many on apices of the posterior tibiz and on
all the tarsi; that on the hypopygium of the male rather dense, white,
appressed and parted in the middle. A few black bristles at apex of each of
the four posterior femora above, also on the under side of the posterior
femora and on the posterior tibia. Halteres brown. Wings grayish-
hyaline, costal and marginal cells darker ; first posterior cell broadly
open ; apices of the fourth and of the three following veins nearly colour-
less. Antennal style less than three-fourths as long as the third joint.

~
~

GA See tn

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. kes)

Length, 12 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Four males and one
female.

The following table contains all the species of Vicocles known to
occur in America north of Mexico; of these, rufus and scitu/us may

belong to Blacodes :—

1. Third and fourth abdominal segments wholly black............3
*Third and fourth sesments: largely or; wholly redic7o05s ts iea 2
2. Body red, a black spot on the second abdominal seg-
jDOTEVOUG senor Steep Say ee Cae CaaS tet een eR Tenens MPI 7747 ten NGL
Body black, abdominal segments three to six largely
Bee etree rec MO tan hte oa tote Osten oda Ad arceaig, NAD LO MECH ALES A WWAlle
3. Wings hyaline, a brown cloud at base of each submarginal,
posterior and.or thevdiseal cell)....% us sss. ascceules, Will.
Wings marked with brown in other places than these........4
4. Antennal style one-half as long as the third joint..............5

Antennal style only one-fourth as long as the slender third
FOIE wr CASLEDM AS DCCIESt.cssewaxc-d claterial ste cus ana see DUCES, We

¢. Fifth abdominal segment in the male more than three times as
WAGE CASE OMG: pee eet tee. ona e a ghaeRrae ee a ake be dD sae al ape 2 O

Fifth segment less than three times as wide as long ; California

SI USCISS) bcto ci AG Cher oo aE hoe, ot, MORDE SE BRR AO et rae ae
Geeinhabits) the Atlantie States... 2. Fuk x. tee ow.) fe Holts, Say.
Mmltalyits mG AIKOLMa se tancs shares oc ete e es ot AALOESS LW

7. Brown spot at tip of wing not crossing the first and second
posterior cells ; posterior tibia and tarsi of the male densely
SUIVERYE WHEN ayeneeiys co. s/t) said ee ale «a MASOCRLQIUS oN), SPs

Brown spot at tip of wing crosses the first and second posterior
cells; posterior tibiz and tarsi of the male. not
SUVS Ve aGRe tenes eeee click oe cys «oie eee jo seni ointe aac CPRECRLOM,, Laws

Nicocles argentatus, n. sp., ¢. Black, the tibiz and apex of the sixth
and sometimes ofthe fifth abdominal segment red. Front grayish-brown
pollinose, face nearly flat, white pollinose and sparse whitish pilose,
mystax on oral margin consisting of a few long yellowish hairs inter-
spersed among about fourteen stout yellow bristles ; pile of palpi and of
occiput white, bristles of the latter yellowish. First joint of antenne

120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

slightly longer than the second, the third one and three-fourth times as
long as the first two taken together, of nearly an equal width, the style
nearly half as long as the third joint. Thorax marked with a broad
median black stripe not extending on the posterior fourth, and on each
side of it is a large brown pollinose spot divided by the suture and
bounded in front by a black spot, also a brown spot on the humeri,
elsewhere the pollen is grayish-white, the pile very sparse, white, the
bristles brown ; pleura brown pollinose in front, grayish-white pollinose
behind, the fan-like row of hairs in front of the halteres white. Scutellum
brown pollinose, a black spot at the base each side ; bearing two brown
bristles. Abdomen smooth, sparse grayish-black pollinose, that at base
and sides of segments two to four gray, the fifth and sixth segments
wholly silvery pollinose ; second segment longer than wide, the others
wider than long, the fifth being two and a-half times as wide
as long; venter gray pollinose and with a median brown_pollinose
stripe, its pile and that of the legs white, the bristles of the
latter white and yellowish ; postericr tibia within, and the underside of
their tarsi, densely silvery-white pollinose and pubescent. Wings hyaline,
an indefinite pale brown spot extends from the tip of the auxiliary vein

to the base of the fifth posterior cell, darkest in the marginal and inter-
rupted in the first submarginal cell; a second brown spot covers the veins
at bases of the first, second and third posterior cells ; a scarcely apparent
brown spot at base of second submarginal cell, and a large one filling
apices of the marginal, first and second submarginal and of the first
posterior cell, extending from one-half to three-fourths the distance from
the tip to the base of the second submarginal cell, and sometimes con-
nected with the first mentioned brown spot by a brown streak extending
through the middle of the marginal cell; all posterior cells open, the
anal cell closed.

Q.—Same as the ¢, except that the apices of the fifth and sixth
abdominal segments are never red, the pollen covering these segments is
never silvery, and the posterior tibiae and tarsi are destitute of silvery
pollen and pubescence.

Length, 8 to ro mm. Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties, Cal.
Nine males and eight females in April.

a eee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. All

DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN NEW FORMS OF LEPIDOPTERA.
BY B. NEUMOEGEN AND HARRISON G. DYAR.
Family LAGoIpé.

Vein 1a of primaries present ; median, 4-branched ; vein 8 of second-
aries arising from the subcostal, more than half the length of cell from
base; ¢ antenne pectinated to the tip.

Synopsis of genera :—
Antenne long ; body parts robust.

Veins 3 and 4 of secondaries stalked.. ........ a sess CAT AMIA:
Veins 3 and 4 separate, arising from the median.........Zagoa.
Antenne very short ; body more slender...............Dadlcerides.

Genus DALCERIDES, 7. ge7.

Head very small, but with large eyes; palpi slender, antenne very
short, hardly as long as the thorax, finely bipectinated. Vein 1 of
primaries free, unbranched ; 1a present; median vein 4-branched, vein 2
arising beyond the middle, veins 3-5 from near together ; cell broad,
closed, with false discal vein ; 6 from the middle of the retracted upper
half of the cross vein, a small rounded accessory cell; 7-8 on a stalk
from the pointed end of the accessory cell; 9 from the same point ; 10
apparently absent ; 11 from top of accessory cell, appearing to join 12,
which is free from base. ‘The secondaries have two internal veins ; veins
2-6 as on primaries ; 7 a continuation of the subcostal ; 8 from subcostal
on middle of cell, not diverging till end-of cell; a discal false vein runs
to the angulation of the cross vein between the origins of veins 5 and 6.

Type, Artaxa ingenita, Hy. Edw.

Family NoTropontTIp&.

Median vein of primaries 3-branched ; 8 of secondaries from base,
close to subcostal for a large part of its length ; veins 3 and 4 not stalked.
Partial synopsis of genera :—

Outer margin of primaries entire.

¢ Antennz pectinated to the tip, the pectinations as long or longer

than their cilia.
Primaries without accessory cell.
Internal margin entire.
Vein 5 of secondaries weak or absent.
Tip of abdomen with a brush-like tuft... 1Ze/a/opha.

ee, THE GANADIAN EN!GMOLOGIST.

Genus MeLaLopua, Hiibn ( = /ckthyura, Hubn.)

M. ALETHE, 7. Sp.

los

We have before us a 2 specimen from Truckee, California, which
seems to be undescribed. It is possible that we have to do with AZ, api-
calis, though the description of Walker does not fit. Itis allied to JZ.
multnoma, Dyar, and M7. brucez, Hy. Edw.

Colour, obscure gray or drab, with the usual deep brown thoracic mark,
Fore wings slightly purplish (‘ecru drab,” Ridgway’s nomenclature of
colours, plate III., fig. 21), the lines as in druce¢ and mu/tnoma, but white
and narrower, more as in figra, powdery, obsolescent, under the lens
narrowly broken here and there, the fourth forming a distinct, somewhat
S-shaped bend at costa, where it is slightly widened and distinctly white.
The wing is very uniform in colour, without the contrasting shades of
brucei and multnoma; there is no subapical rusty patch except the
merest trace outside the 4th line, but a moderately distinct deep brown
shade overspreads the whole apical portion of the wing from the third
line outward, reaching downward to vein 3, and being most strongly
marked in the region of the 4th line. It recalls the ornamentation of JZ.
anachoreta, Fabr. ; but is far from being as distinct as in that species.
This shading is present in 7. var. ornata and M. brucei and others, but
these have also the shade bordering the 3rd line, so that the resemblance
to anachoreta is obscured. Subterminal series of interspaceal dots nearly
straight, very uniform, and not obscured by the shading.

Hind wings drab (Ridgway, plate, IIL. fig. 18), immaculate, — Ex-
panse, 28 mm.

The following table will serve to separate the North American forms
of Melalopha. Omitted names are referred to the synonymy :—

Lines not anastomosing, the 3rd running free from internal margin to
costa.
Only the: 4th linepresent’ (P).2.404 ont a teas eu, SpIEOES UW
Lines all present.
Size large, basal line straight.
Colour dark, with black subapical patch. a/bosigma, Fitch.
Colour paler, patch brown.........var. specifica, Dyar.
Size smaller, basal line angulated and curved.
Of uniform tint, subapical rusty patch very
obscure... ....4.%0-00%.0, .,a¢ethe, Neumsand Dyar.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123

Of contrasting shades with distinct subapical rusty patch.
Colour very dark, obscured... .. .. mu/tnoma, Dyar.
Colour pale, shades contrasted... .druce?, Hy. Edw.
Lines anastomosing, the 2nd and 3rd joining at or about the median
vein.
Lines all waved, the basal one both angulated and curved.
Size medium, ornamentation distinct.
Size moderate with the usual thoracic patch.

Colour dark, a waved paler band on secondaries.
Subapical shade rusty red..........vau. Fitch.
Subapical shade brownish-red. var. ornata,G.&R.

Colour pale, line on secondaries lost.

Cf a pale purplish shade.... var. bifiria, H. E.
Pale, almost ‘sordid white”... var. astorie,H. E.

Larger, thoracic patch absent..........zuornata, Neum.
Size small, longitudinal streaks more or less evident.

Am,Opscure thoracic mark... .-. .>...aseee sa sumegosa, | Gtt:

Without any thoracic mark........ var. luculenta, H. E.

Lines comparatively rigid, the basal dislocated on median vein, not
toothed.
4th line white on costa.
Subapical patch distinct, yellowish, divided by the

ViGIASietecastslaue anata Spe anes SM OTAICLUS EAUD:
Subapical patch darker, obscured... .. var. inversa, Pack.
Ate liMme mot whites OM Costa ....1cy. wasames ens 2 /0COSG, Elyse aw.

Family SATURNIID&.

Median vein of primaries 3-branched, 8 of secondaries curved, free
from base, and remote from subcostal; ¢ antennz pectinated to the
tip, often doubly bipectinated; secondaries with one or two internal
veins ; size large to very large. Genus AuroMmeErIs, Hiibn ( = || Wyperchiria
p., Walk).

A. Io Fabr., var. ARGUS, 2. var.

¢ .—Head, thorax, body, legs and wings light yellow. Both wings
uniform in colour, with some darker basal tints. On secondaries a promin-
ent blackish-blue ocellus with white central lunule, surrounded by an
outer semi-circular black line.

Below a large black discal spot, with white central kernel on
primaries, and faint traces of the transverse lines on both wings.

[24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This aberration, which seems extremely rare, is immediately
recognized by its immaculate wings, showing only the large ocellus on
secondaries.

Caught at Hoboken, N. J.

Family LitHosip.

Genus Hypoprepta, Hubn.

H. mintava, Kirby, var. SUBORNATA, N. var.

f.—The red colour of thorax, body and primaries of a lighter shade
than in the typical form. The black coating on upper surface of
abdomen entirely wanting.

Secondaries immaculate, light rose colour, fading towards anal
margin, with a faint grayish, apical tinge.

A striking variation, easily determined by the delicate shade of its
immaculate secondaries.

Habitat : Texas.

We do not regard 7 miniata as a synonym or variety of /Z. fucosa,
Hubn, but as a valid ane The following table will serve to distin-
guish the described forms :

ies brightly coloured, with three longitudina] mouse-gray bands.

Ground colour of primaries entirely red. .
Hind wings with broad mouse-gray border... .mniata, Kby.
This border lacking...............var. subornata, N. and D.

Ground colour partly vellow, partly red.

Bands on primaries normal................-/wcosa, Hiibn.
Bands extensive, predominating and largely obscuring the
ground colour... Sten Boas VON PLUUed) Eaves ice

Ground colour entirely yellewiles re veee ee. Cadauerosa, Strk.

Wings obscure gray, thinly scaled, the Seceatlane: pink. czcu/ta, Hy. Edw.

Family HEPIALID&.
Genus STHENOPIS, Pack.

S. ARGENTEOMACULATUS, Har., var. SEMIAURATUS, 2%. var.

Antenne light brown. Head, thorax and body, bright salmon
colour. Legs pink, tufted with yellowish hair. Ground colour of
primaries pinkish salmon. All the maculations, transverse bands, as
well as the subterminal space, of a peculiar brownish yellow, which in

Or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, De

fresh specimens has the lustre of pale gold. The two silver dots near
origin of cell, in primaries, prominent, varying in shape from subovate
to subtriangular.

Secondaries light pink, fading into salmon-coloured tinges along anal
margin and in basal area.

Wings below pinkish, veins prominently so, fading into lighter
shades in basal areas. Pink subterminal lines.

Habitat: White Mountains of New Hampshire.

This well-known form-has never really been described. It figured for
decades in collections as Sth. var. qguadriguttatus, Gr., which latter
name, however, is a synonym of the typical insect. The type form, as a
generality, is not as large as this variety, of which some specimens
measure as much as 85.—go. mm. in expanse.

Described from several examples of both sexes.

HEPIALUS ROSEICAPUT, 70v. Sp.

One ¢. Antenne light brown.

Front of head and palpi pinkish. Interspace between antenne red.
Prothorax, thorax, body, iegs and wings of luteous stone colour.

Primaries with minimal granules of the very faintest pink. Two lines of
irregular, blackish dots. One from base along median vein to near
centre of cell, where it turns down to internal margin, meeting an oblique
transverse line of dots from apex. Subterminal line blackish.

Secondaries blackish gray with luteous fringes.

Below, both wings blackish gray, with luteous costa and fringes.
Legs with an outside tinge of pink. A slight anal tuft of the faintest pink.

Expanse of wings : 33 mm.

Length of body: 6 mm.

Habitat: Cascade Range near Lytton, British Columbia.

This insect belongs to the group of small sized, dull coloured
Hepialidze of our western continent. ‘The peculiarity of the pinkish tint
of the palpi and parts of the head makes it easily recognizable.

The types of all the new forms here described are in Mr. Neumoegen’s
collection.

UNIDENTIFIED NAMES.

In going over the literature of the North American Bombyces, we
have been unable to apply the following names. A number of them are
types of genera of which the original descriptions are inadequate. In-

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

formation respecting any of them will be most welcome, especially struc- ;
tural notes, to supplement the imperfect descriptions of the authors

Pseudalypia Crotchu, Hy. Edw.

Erruca Pertyi, H. S.

Thia extranea, Hy. Edw.

Farias obliquata, Hy. Edw.

Cisthene lactea, Str.

Alexicles aspersa, Grt.

Cingilia humeralis, Walk.

Limacodes (Semyra) Beutenmuelleri, Hy. Edw.

Limacodes (Tortricidia) ferrigera, Walk.

Krona minuta, Reak.

Dioptis megera, Fabr.

Psyche fragmentella, Hy. Edw. (case only).

Psyche coniferella, Hy. Edw. i

Pseudopsyche (Oedonia) exigua, Hy. Edw.

Sapinella (Eutheca) mora, Grt.

Oiketicus Davidsonii, Hy. Edw. (case only).

Chalia Rileyi, Heyl.*

Brachionycha barcmetrica, Goossens.

Dasychira ciandestina, Walk. ’

Ichthyura apicalis, Walk.

Gluphisia septentrionalis, Walk.

Notodonta plagiata, Walk.

Edema obliqua, Walk.

Edema plagiata, Waik.

Certila flexuosa, Walk.

Saligena personata, Walk.

Heterocampa thyatiroides, Walk.

- mollis, Walk.
5 nigrosignata, Walk.
i umbrata, Walk.

Artace albicans, Walk.
Rhagonis bicolor, Walk.
Cossus nanus, Strk.

*This name is not included because we regard the description as inadequate, but
because we do not know the species and have seen no reference to it in American
literature.

I Oe

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, E27

NORTH AMERICAN ‘THYSANURA.

BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Smynthurus spinatus, 0. sp.

Olive. Head tinted with purple, lighter on the sides, olive around the
mouth and eyes ; coarsely and sparsely punctuate, punctures light olive,
each bearing a white hair. Antennz purplish, basal joint lighter, as long
as the body ; apical segment with from seventeen to twenty subsegments.
Abdomen fuscous with lighter spots ; the apical part with an olivaceous
cloud, the remainder fuscous with whitish or olivaceous blotches ; on the
middle of the back a number of groups of circular white spots, and on
the posterior part of each side a row of white spots, varying from four to
ten. Underneath olive. Anal papillze large, distinct, with numerous
pristles ; the upper part and the sides purplish or fuscous, the remainder
olive with darker spots. Legs long and slender, purplish or fuscous,
mottled with variously formed olive or whitish blotches; apex of the
tibize and base of the larger claw blackish purple. Claws long and slen-
der, inner claw indistinct ; apex of the tibiz with a few clubbed hairs.
Spring long, broad and flat, reaching the mouth ; second joint broad,
each side with a row of long stiff bristles ; bristles twice as long as the
spring is broad ; third joint long, broad, bluntly rounded.

Length, 2 mm. (.078 inch).

Habitat: Ithaca, New York.

A very variable species, in young specimens the back is pea-green,
and in some specimens there is a broad olive band down the middle of
the back. The color varies from pea-green to purplish and fuscous.
Collected on the surface of standing water. The species can be easily
recognized by the row of stiff hairs on each side of the spring.
Smynthurus floridanus, n. sp.

Black, sides lighter, hairy. Head black, with lighter lines, mouth
olive. Antenne long, slender, as long as the body, basal joint black,
remainder olive. ‘Thorax and abdomen with a triangular black spot, the
base of the triangle at the apex of the thorax and its apex at the apex of
the abdomen. Sides of the abdomen olive mottled with light brown.
Underneath olive. Anal papillee with its front and upper part black, the
remainder olive mottled with brown. At the median two-thirds of the
back, a stout porrect spine ; spine as broad at base and higher than anal
papill ; concolorous with the black triangle, except a small olive spot on
each side. Legs slender, pale olive-; inner claw two-thirds the length of

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
outer, stout and blunt. Spring short, slender ; third joint elongate with
an apical and two smaller inner teeth.

Length, 1.5 mm. (.058 inch).

Habitat: Florida.

Iam indebted to Mr. Nathan Banks for this unique specimen and
species. Easily recognized by the abdominal spine, the stout inner claw,
and the black dorsal triangle.

The only characters offered by Lubbock, in his Coliembola and
Thysanura, for separating Smynthurus and Papirius, is the form of the
antenne and the presence or absence of trachew. In my studies of these
interesting insects I have found two other characters valuable in separating
these genera. These differences may be stated as follows :—

Terminal segment of the antennee long, ringed ; larger claw uninden-

tate ; apical segment of the spring simple........... Swmynthurus.

Terminal segment of the antennex short, with a whorl of hairs ; larger

claw bidentate ; apical segment of the spring serrate on the
UNG Er Se: levee creer duchwoenes svapstes seme poke cre mere deem tmanry terete

Anoura magna, N. sp.

Body short, broad, one-haif as broad as long, finely granulated. Each
segment with four dorsal and two lateral globular tubercles, except the
last, which is deeply divided, having at its apex two immense globular
tubercles. On the anterior part of the anterior margin of each segment
another smaller tubercle. From each tubercle there arise from four to
eight short, stiff, yellow bristles. On the dorsal part of the head the
number of tubercles is the same, but the two median tuberc'es are placed
on the caudal portion of a large quadrangular tubercle, which reaches
from between the bases of the antenne to the caudal part of the head.
The ground colour is a light steel blue, with lighter spots between the
darker tubercles. Antennze very short, not reaching the lateral margin
of the body by at least a quarter of its width, segments subequal, indis-
tinctly marked. Eyes at the side of the base of the quadrangular
tubercle, postantennal organs wanting. Buccal orifice blunt, short and
white. Legs short, with a single strong claw.

Length, 5 mm. (.20 inch).

Habitat: Salineville, Ohio.

This species can be recognized by its size, colour, and the globular
tubercles; from gvgantea Tullb., its nearest ally, from Siberia, by the
absence of the postantennal organ.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129

NOMOPHILA NOCLUELLA; SCHIFF.
ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. FAMILY PYRALIDINA.
BY E. P. FELT, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y.

This is one of the most common insects that flies throughout the
summer months. It is also widely distributed; adults have been taken
in widely separated parts of Europe, in Algeria, Caffraria, Bengal, Pondi-
cherry, Brazil, and in the eastern and western parts of the United States.
Packard writes of the species thus :--‘‘Such cosmopolitan forms give
rise to the suspicion that they are relics of a past geologic age, which is
borne out by the fact that quite a gap separates it from its nearest allies.”
In spite of its wide distribution, this insect seems to be one of these com-
mon species that has escaped observation, very little having been pub-
lished on its life history.

On the 15th of last September the writer found among the grass and
clover in a pasture several pale greenish larve (Fig. 2, b) with black heads
and numerous black tubercles. Upon being disturbed they quickly dis-
appear, with a peculiar wriggling, jerking motion, under the grass; they
seem to move with equal facility either backward or forward. When not
feeding the larve can be found under a slight web in tne centre of a clump
of grass, Later observations show that the larvee live almost wholly upon
clover leaves, eating out the soft parenchyma and leaving the veins ; they
will eat grass if clover is not within reach, and one larva was observed to
seize an Aphid and devour it, though there was plenty of food within
reach. J. H. Leach in his “ British Pyralids” gives Polygonum aviculare
(knot grass) as the food-plant in Scotland. As the larve become full
grown they may be seen wandering around and slowly assembling under
chips, stones, etc., where they pupate; when in pastures, dried cow dung
seems to be the favourite resort. On the 21st of September both larvee
and pup were abundant in these retreats ; ten pups (Fig. 1, c, d) were
taken. from a piece of cow dung one-fourth the size of a man’s hand.
Before pupating the larve spin around them a thin, white, loose cocoon.

After remaining in the pupa state about ten days the insects emerge.
The adults (Fig. 1, e) are of a sombre brown and a tawny yellow colour,
with black markings. They have a peculiar jerky flight, and when dis-
turbed they fly up suddenly about four feet, and usually alight within two
rods of where they started. When at rest (Fig. 2, f) they are usually
on a leaf with the wings folded flit over the back and the antennz extend-

130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

ing forwards. Within a few days after emerging the adults pair and ovipo-
sition begins. The eggs (Fig. 2, a) are not all laid at once, but are
deposited in clusters of from three to ten or more, usually being laid side
by side ina row. The period of oviposition probably extends over two
weeks or more, as the adults can live seven weeks, though most of them
die within a month. One female was dissected; she contained over eighty
eggs, which is probably about the average. When first laid the egg-shell
is quite soft and readily flattens upon contact with other eggs, or the leaf
upon which it is laid, so that it is usually flattened upon several sides to a
greater or less degree. At first the egg is a pearly white, but it gradually
turns to a slate colour.

FiGs x:

Nomophila noctuella: 6, larva; c, pupa (dorsal aspect); @, pupa (ventral aspect); e¢, adult ; adult
pur : tral aspect); e, ;
(at rest). (All these figures are twice the natural size.)

The eggs hatch in about ten days, and the larva begins to feed upon
the soft parenchyma of the leaf. The young larva has a brownish head
and a straw coloured body, the tubercles are very small and the hairs
longer proportionally than in the full grown larva. About a week after

~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131

hatching the larva moults; the skin ruptures between the head and the cervi-
cal shield and also splits a little ways along the back, and through this
opening the larva crawls out of its old skin. Just after moulting the
head and tubercles are a pale straw colour, later they become darker, and
in the last stages of the larva they are almost black. The observed
differences between the stages are a gradual increase in the size and depth
of colouring of the tubercles, and a decrease in the relative length of the
hairs. Before reaching its full growth the larva probably moults five
times. In the fall, as the cold weather advances, the larvae begin to spin

‘nests in the axils of the leaves, where they retire when not feeding and in

which grass is allowed to collect and around which the remains of partially
devoured leaves are drawn, making a very complete hiding place. Later
the nests in the axils of the leaves are deserted and similar nests are con-
structed upon the surface of the soil. These nests are lined with a thick
layer of silk and are covered with a thick coating of particles of soil or
bits of dried grass, making a thick, warm nest in which the larve pass
the winter.

There seem to be three broods a year. In September of 1892 the
simultaneous pupation of a large number of larvee was very noticeable.
The pupa state lasted about ten days, the adults emerged, eggs were laid
and the larvee moulted three or four times before cold weather forced them
to retire for the winter. These hibernating larve come forth in the
spring, complete their growth, pupate and the adults probably emerge in
the first half of May. The second brood flies in the latter part of June,
and the third brood, as already observed, flies the latter part of Septem-
ber. If the adult stage lasts four weeks or more, it would not be strange
if the broods overlapped a little, especially the second and _ third |
broods, and this is borne out by a reliable record. During the year of 1889
the Entomological Department of the Agricultural Experiment Station,
at Ithaca, N.Y., ran six trap lanterns from May 1 to October 20.
Nomophila noctuella was picked out, the sexes determined and the
results tabulated.

TIME OF FLIGHT OF NOMOPHILA NOCTUELLA, 1839.

MAY. ie Rnaa oe JULY. 7 |

Date. | 5|6|7|8|11 19 20 | 13 | isi lee I gl edb Sl a a

eee me xa ml fae

$ lalelela allele r}r|1 atjait/2ia/efa) 1) 3/3 Ziel 40
lr | roa | | Bees Re ee ira cre be lelz! Il 4

Los THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

AUGUST. SEPTEMBER.

Date. | 1['2).3 £ 5| eee ee 5|26\29 4 6|8 18/19 21/25 29 30) |\Totals.
S 23 °°E13').4. 1.0 2{3{1t{rjolalrj2)s]a) 2\r{rlolrjolrl1 1|| 36
nd | FE 4 2i1) | 2 | | | lalaig | I|| 17

This table shows that the adults fly in greater or less numbers from
May to the last of September. From May z2oth to June 3rd none were
taken, which pretty sharply defines the first brood. And, as might be ex-
pected, the second and third broods are separated by no such distinct
line, and yet there is an indication of two later broods, though the
table would seem to indicate that those taken in September might be the
last of the second brood and not individuals of a third brood, which is
contrary to observed facts. For during the last year a trap lantern was
run with practically the same results as were obtained in 1889, but a third
brocd was observed to emerge in large numbers after September 2oth.
Probably the cool evenings prevented many moths from flying at night,
and consequently from being taken in the trap lanterns.

Preventive Methods.—The above table shows that four-fifths of moths
taken are males. If we assume that there are enough males left to fer-
tilize the females, which is quite probable, the trap lanterns are almost
useless as a means to check the increase of this insect, because the
females escape, oviposit, and thus provide for the propagation of the
species. As the larve and the adults incline to remain near one place, it
is possible to materially reduce their numbers on limited areas. In large
fields where plowing is not objectionable; many might be destroyed by
thorough plowing in the latter part of November, after the larve have
retired for the winter. Should this insect become very destructive in the
summer, deep plowing in the middle of July, followed by harrowing, might
destroy many pup. On lawns and other small areas advantage might be
taken of the larva’s habit of retiring under chips, etc., to pupate. If
chips, ete., be placed on the lawn and firmly pressed down in the middle
of July or of September, and allowed to remain a week and then collected
and burned, many pup will be destroyed.

Technical Descriptions.

Egg (Fig. 2, a), pearly white when first laid, changing to a glistening
slate colour within a few days. Shell finely reticulated ; egg usually flat-
tened upon several sides. Size,.6g mm. by .32 mm.

Larva (first stage), head diameter, .25 mm. ; body, diameter, .15 mm. ;

EPpr EPF.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 133

length, 1.05 mm. Clypeus, labrum and thoracic shield a tawny olive
colour ; head a seal brown; body a sordid straw colour. The tubercles
proportionately smaller and the hairs longer than in the full grown larva.

Larva (Fig. 1, b), (last stage) length, 2cm.; head, diameter, .32 mm.
body, diameter, 3.7 mm. Head and thoracic shield black ; scattering
hairs occur on the head. Dorsal surface of body pale green with black
tubercles. There are four tubercles on each side of the third and fourth
segments, three in a row extending ventro cephalad and the fourth caudad
of the Jast one in the row. The dorsum of the remaining segments 1

a

Fic. 2.

Nomophila noctuella: a, eggs, x 40; g, male genitalia (mesal aspect of right harpe and clasper),

x 80; 4, venation of wings, female, x 4.

divided by a slight transverse constriction into a cephalic and caudal
part; the cephalic part of each segment bears three tubercles in a row,
extending ventrad and forming with the tubercles of the third and fourth

1354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

segments a lateral, a super and a sub-stigmatal row of tubercles ; the cau-
dal part of each segment bears one tubercle, which is in the lateral row.
The tubercles in the lateral rows on the thirteenth segment coalesce
mesally. One or more hairs grow from each tubercle. Ventral surface
sordid white with brownish tubercles. On the ventral surface there is a
lateral row of brownish lunate tubercles, and on those segments not bear-
ing legs there are transverse rows of four tubercles, those laterad being the
larger. ‘True legs brown with blackish tips. Five pairs of prolegs, occur-
ring upon the seventh to the tenth and thirteenth segments inclusive.
Prolegs short with brownish tips.

Pupa (Fig. 1, c, d), length 13 mm.; 3 mm. across the thorax. General
colour light brown, venter lighter. Eyes prominent and usually dark
coloured. The cephalic part of the pupal case is divided by sutures.
Several of these unite at the base of the wing covers, where the chitine is
thickened, darker coloured and pushed out into minute ear-like processes,
which appear like dark spots. On the dorsum of the abdominal seg-
ments there are three dark stripes, extending from the thorax to the tip
of the abdomen; one on the meson and the others, one on each side,
just mesad of the spiracles. Abdominal sutures darker, darkest on the
dorsum. Spiracles dark brown.

Adult. (Pig, 1634). \

Male Genitalia.

Harpe (Fig. 2, g), membraneous ; size 1.55 mm. by .81 mm. ; mesal
surface concave.

Clasper (Fig. 2, g), chitinous ; fulvo-ferruginous ; sickel-shaped.

Venation of wings (Fig. 2, h). Frenulum of ¢ a single spine, of ?
two spines.

Bibliography :—1776, Schiffermiller, S. V. (Orig. Des.) Syst. Verz.
Schmet. der Widner. (Schiff. & Dennis), Wien, p. 136; 1776. Herrich-
Schafer, Syst. Bearb. Schmet. von Europa, IV., p. 42 ; 1826, Duponchel,
Pp. A. Hist. Nat. Lepid., VIII., 220-3 ; 1829, Treitschke, F. Schmet. von
Europa, VII., 109 ; 1833, Wood, W., Index Ent., 1476 ; 1835, Treitschke,
ibid, X., 23; 1854, Guenee, A. Delt. et Pyralites, 414, Paris; 1859,
Heinemann, H. D., Schmet. Deut. und Schweig, 91 ; 1871, Staudinger-
Wock, Cat., p. 212; 1872, Packard, A. S., Ann, Lyc. Nat. Hist., ING Yo sox,
p. 258-260 ; 1874, Berg, C. (Aybridalis) Bol. Acad. nac. Ciencias Uni.,
Cordova ; 1876, Snellen, P. C. T., Nat. Tijd. Neder., India ; 1886, Leech,
J. H, Brit. Pyralids, p. 21. Larva described and adult figured, PI. Vile
Fig. 2.)

=

—

~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, T35

PUREE RON S THE DIPTERAr CONSIDERED ‘AS’ THE
HIGHEST INSECTS.

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS .CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

In my article in CaNapDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1893, pp. 7-8, as also in my
previous note in Scéence, Vol. XIX:, 5882, p. 320, I stated that Hyatt and
Arms were the first to point out that the Diptera were the most highly
specialized insects, and consequently to be considered the highest in
rank. It should be noted, however, that the same idea was advanced at
the same time by the renowned insect anatomist, Mr. B. T. Lowne, well
known for his work on the anatomy, etc., of the blow-fly. In part I. of
this work, Oct., 1890, p. 25, Lowne says :—‘“‘ The blow-flies belong to the
family éZuscide, one of the most highly specialized groups of the Diptera,
the most highly specialized order of the class Insecta.”

On pp. 26-7, he further says:—‘‘ Just as all discussion would be
futile as to whether a bird or a mammal is the higher type, so it is useless
to consider whether the Diptera or the Hymenoptera have the higher
organization ; but there can be no question as to which of these orders
departs most from the more generalized form. The Diptera are far more
remarkable in their developmental history, and in the modification of
structure which they present in the adult or imago form. In this
relation the strong tendency of many to produce their young alive, and
the fact that some have a capacious matrix, or uterus, in which the larve
are hatched, or even attain the pupa form, before birth, is not without
interest, presenting as it does some analogy with the viviparous character
of the mammalia amongst vertebrates—whilst the nest-building instincts
are more manifest in Hymenoptera and in birds. [This is an important
analogy, and well pointed out.—C. H. T. T.] It is true that the flies,
and more especially the heavy forms, with a comparatively tardy flight,
like the blow-fly, have been regarded as * stupid ’—Sprengel called them
‘die dummen Fliegen ’—and do not excite our sympathy and curiosity to
the same extent as the social Hymenoptera ; but it is impossible to judge
of the intellectual functions of an insect. ‘The manner in which the blow.

flies and their near allies, the house-flies, have made themselves at home

136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

with man, speaks for their power of adapting themselves to new and
varied conditions. They are cunning, wary, and easily alarmed, and,
except when benumbed with cold or heavy with eggs, know well how to
avoid danger. They appear to me far more clever in this respect than
the bees and wasps.”

My article in the Can. Env. was written before I saw the above
quoted passages in Lowne’s work. In his first edition of the anatomy of
the blow-fly (1870), Lowne does not advance any ideas with regard to
the systematic position of the Diptera.

The real credit for the original discovery and correct interpretation of
the extreme specialization of the Diptera belongs to Weismann, who pub-
lished a paper upon the development of the Muscidze,* in 1864. Later,
in 1876, Ganin sustained in the main the investigations of Weismann.
Lowne first presented these views in English, at least in the Old Country,
while Hyatt and Arms were the first to call attention to them in America.

The consensus of facts bears out the statement that the Diptera are
the most highly specialized, and therefore the most highly organized order
of insects. While they possess ancient as well as recent forms, they have,
in the muscid families, reached a higher plane of development than any
group in any other order. It is by no means contended that the Nemo-
cerous Diptera are as highly organized as some groups in other orders,
since they comprise the most ancient living forms of Diptera.

The Diptera probably find their culmination in the Tachinide, and of
this family doubtless the Phasiidze stand first. Z7échopoda, Phasia, and
Hyalomyia may therefore be considered as probably representing the
highest forms of insect life.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA.

The next annual meeting of the Royal Society of Canada will be held
in the City of Ottawa, on the 23rd, 24th and 25th of May. The Society
will be represented by Mr. Hague Harrington, our Vice-President. We
notice by the programme that Mr. Harrington is to read a paper on
Canadian Uroceridx, a subject to which he has given much attention.

*Die nachembryonale Entwicklung der Musciden nach Beobachtungen an A/usca
vometoria und Sarcophaga carnaria, Zeit, f. Wiss. Zool, XIV., 187 (1864).

Mailed May 18th.

he wanadiay Hntomologist

'

VOLT XY.

LONDON, JUNE, 1893. No. 6.

NOTES ON CHIONOBAS SUBHYALINA, CURTIS.
BY WM, H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

This species has long been lost sight of. It was described nearly sixty
years ago from a single male ‘“‘in good condition”. I never have heard
of its forming part of any collection excpet that of the British Museum,
and my own, and my specimens—a male and a female—were sent me
from the Museum more than twenty years ago. In his Catalogue of the
Satyridz, 1868, Mr. Butler says of this species: ‘‘ We do not possess the
type, but our specimens agree exactly with Mr. Curtis’s description.” Of
my two specimens, the female was broken and the wings rubbed so that
they were worthless for characterization, but the male is in fair condition,
It does not agree with the description in some points. ‘Thus, there are
not ‘ two indistinct white dots towards the apex with black ocelli”; and
the surface of the under forewing cannot be called “ mottled with ochre
and pale black, lightest at apex”, but the scales are abraded where the
mottling should be. ‘The description goes on: “inferior wings spotted
and mottled with black and dirty white, forming a waved and curved pale
line beyond the middle, with three or four whitish dots beyond it.” My
male has a slight and pale mesial band “waved” (or crenated) ‘‘and
curved”; and if the dots beyond it may mean dots on the hind margin,
the description will answer. The wings are described as semi-transparent,
and this male is so to an unusual degree. :

I have had for three years a single male taken by Mr. Bean at
Laggan, which in some points agreed with the description of Swdhyadina,
but failed in others. There were no apical dots, no mesial band, and no
whitish dots. Instead of the band there is a discoloration in patches,
especially on the two margins, where the band would be. ‘Therefore, I
have been uncertain as to the position of this individual. But I have
recently received two males from Mr. Fletcher, and six males and one
female from Mr. Neumoegen, all taken by Mr. Bean at Laggan, kindly
loaned me for examination, and this new material makes it certain that

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

the species is SwbAyaldina. All these examples are remarkably transpar-
ent, and on the disk. of forewings beneath there is almost a total absence
of dark or mottled scales. But, at the apices there is decided mottling,
the light colour prevailing. Some, however, have fine brown scales in the
upper interspaces as well as over the cell. One male has two light sub-
apical dots on upper side, though without black centres, the others show
no trace of these. On the under side of the hind wing all these examples
agree with the description, and are spotted and mottled with black and
dirty white. In respect to the band there is extreme variation, some
being quite unbanded, though in these the disk is more or less clouded
darker ; others have a pale band. One male and the female show an
indistinct outer edge of the band, which answers to the description, ‘‘a
waved and curved pale line”; and two males present the band clearly
defined on the posterior side, and nearly so on the basal ; but the band is,
after all, scarcely more than a shadow, nothing so distinct as is usual in
the allied specles. As to whitish dots on the margins, three males and
one female have them, the rest do not.

Mr. Butler gives “ Arctic America” as the locality of this species, but
I know of no other than Laggan.

I shall give a plate in Butt. N. A. to Subhyalina presently.
‘
ADDENDUM.

After I had sent the foregoing lines to the editor I received two more
females of the species treated of, from Dr. Skinner, from Laggan like the
rest. One of these in no way seems to differ from the female before
described ; but the other varies in that half way between the outer edge of
the band and the margin, on four interspaces, in the middle of each—the
lower subcostal to second median, is a small whitish spot, clearly defined
on the two lower interspaces, diffused on the others. This character
agrees completely with the description by Curtis as to “three or four
whitish dots beyond” the middle of the wing. I find therefore in one or
other of the twelve examples viewed, every one of Curtis’s characters
except black points in the apica! spots. But in only one of the twelve is
there any appearance of apical dots on upper surface and in only
one whitish dots beyond the band. ‘The same female’ which
offers the dots beyond the middle differs from the other eleven, in
having a row of whitish dots on the corresponding interspaces of the
forewing, two fifths the distance from the margin to apex of the cell, in
a straight line, not parallel therefore to the margin. All three of these

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139

females have the band undefined, cloudy. I see that occasionally in a
dark Semidea, white spots are present in similar position on the under
hind wing to that of this last-mentioned female Subhyadina.
FIELD. NOTES FROM TEXAS AND LOUISIANA.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

In the summer of 1892 I spent a month on the line of the Southern
Pacific R. R., between Morgan City, Louisiana, and San Antonio, Texas.
While the collecting was by no means of the best, a few notes may in-
terest the readers of the CaNaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and give some idea of
insect life in the Southern States during the hot months.

Morgan City lies to the west of New Orleans on the Atchafalaya
River, in a country so flat that, as the natives say, ‘“ Water will only run
as far as you dig a ditch for it.” The neighbourhood is covered in great
part by heavy woods, with a rank underbrush of poison oak, trumpet
creeper and palmetto, the ground beneath all being, at the time of my
visit, soaked with rains and dotted with innumerable pools of water in
which mosquitoes were freely breeding. Along the edge of the woods I
had to do the most of the collecting, as I found it quite an impossibility
to brave the attacks of the mosquitoes and Tabanide in the depth of the
forest.

The palmetto proved to be the plant best worth hunting over, and
when J arrived on the twenty-second of June it was in bloom, or just
going out in some cases. Where the flowers were fresn and sweet there
were numbers of Luphoria sepulchralis and Zrichius delta, the latter the
less numerous and very hard to capture in the bright sunshine, though
when cloudy weather prevailed they were much more sluggish. Chaudio-
guathus marginatus occurred on the flowers in numbers, but it was not
considered worth while to take many of them, as it appears to be com-
mon from Pennsylvania south, though I never take itin Iowa. Paria
canella occurred once in a while, and a single specimen of Phyton padii-
dum was also shaken into my umbrella. When the flowers had fallen off,
disclosing the newly-formed fruit, I found a very nice Curculionid beetle,
Pachybaris porosus, which was known previously from Florida. It
seemed not to occur on the plants except where the flowers had com-
menced to drop off, and quite likely oviposits on the newly-formed fruit.
Wherever an open patch allowed a chance for growth of wild sunflowers,
there were a good many beetles of other kinds—Jecas inornata, Systena,

140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

sp., and a Baris, which seems to be new. A Solanum yielded a few
specimens of an Anthonomus and a very small specimen of Zrichobaris
trinotata, a species which has proved in places a very serious pest to the
potato. By scratching away dead leaves in a thicket a few Lachnosterna
ephelida were secured, and a few also of Anisodactylus maculicornis. A
rotten log, on being broken, disclosed an example of Chlenius fuscicornis ;
another contained several specimens of PassaZus cornutus, with its larva.
An ant’s nest held, besides the legitimate inhabitants, a number of the
curious little Zémulodes paradoxus, which I have found with ants from
Iowa to Arizona. Dry fungus was full of Axnearthron, and in it I found
also a specimen of Luplectus linearis.

At night, around the light, I added still a few species to my collecting
botties—//ippodamia parenthesis, Ataenius figurator, Cyclocephala tmma-
culata and Lachnosterna ephelida, but insects were not by any means as
common as I had expected them to be, so on the twenty-sixth I left for
Houston, ‘Texas.

The next afternoon, arrived at Houston, I found inside of the city
limits great numbers of a beautiful weevil, Ludiagogus pulcher, which has
a curious habit in lieu of dropping off the food-plant, as is usual with
most Rhynchophora when disturbed. It feeds on the leaves of the coffee-
weed, and usually remains on the upper surface of the leaf while eating
in plain sight. If disturbed, it whirls quickly around to the under surface
of the leaf, and either remains clinging there or runs rapidly down the
stem of the plant towards the ground, keeping to the under side, so as to
be invisible from above. With it I found associated Anomea laticlavia
and Weoelytus erythrocephalus.

Along the sides of the track, where the vegetation was rank, I got a
few beautiful specimens of Qedionychis and a few of Paria viridicyanea.
Under a stone occurred several Psammodius nanus in burrows which they
had made just at the surface of the ground, much as some Scolytide bore
in bark. A stump covered with fungi was next investigated and proved
quite a rich find, yielding P/atydema of two or three species, Hoplocephala
bicornis, Tritoma erythrocephala, T. angulata and T. atriventris, besides
several examples of the pretty little Hormécomus scitulus, which seemed
not to live on the fungi, but on the ground near them.

The woods themselves yielded beetles of a different sort. Beating
branches of lately cut pine trees was productive ofa number of Drasterius
amabalis, a few Silvanus rectys,and a few other things, A little JZono-

ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141

hammus of the form called minor was taken, also a Luprestis and a
Chalcophora. Where a live oak was being cut up I found Czrysobothris
femorata var. Alabame and Neoclytus scutellaris running over the
branches, but they were wild and difficult of capture. A large fungus was
found to be often infested by Focadius helvolus and a smaller one by
Pallodes silaceus. Of these latter, when the fungus was small only one or
two specimens were found in it, but larger fungi yielded more beetles.
Five or six specimens of Octotoma plicatula were taken on leaves, and
looked very little like living things when at rest. ;

Washing the banks of a stream brought very little to light, except a
few specimens of Zachys and a very small /eterocerus ; water-beetles
were almost entirely absent. One incident of interest was noticed here,
however, when a little Zeft/x (I use the generic name in the old, wide
sense) was disturbed and jumped into the water, alighting on a stick that
was completely submerged to the depth of about an inch, and rested there
until I captured it. This brings to mind a note of Mr. Roberts in
“Entomologica Americana,” where he states that he found Stews on masses
of frogs’ eggs which were completely submerged.

Collecting on weeds along the edges of woods and in open patches
disclosed a number of Conotrachelus leucopheatus in the heads of a
plant with milky sap, and with them occurred large numbers of Aphthona
texana, a little jumping beetie of rather slow movements. I took all of
them with my fingers without great trouble. /Zenous confertus runs
around in grassy places during the morning and evening, having
apparently the same habits in this respect as many of its wingless
relations.

A day was spent in making a side-trip to Galveston to get in sea-shore
collecting. ‘The beach was alive with Cvcindela saulcyi, but the only
other Coleoptera there were Phaderia sp., and an Oedemetrid, probably
an Asclera. Farther back, out of reach of the tides and salt spray, I got
a great number of Ha/tica punctipennis which was swarming on some low
weeds.

Columbus was reached on the morning of July fifth, and work
commenced at once. Though only a few hours ride from Houston, it is
in quite a different looking piece of country. ‘The valley of the Colorado
here is wooded with deciduous trees, the pine having disappeared, and
the better drainage is apparent from the nature of the soil. This spot
was made historic in the annals of Entomology by the labours of Mr.

142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Schwarz, and the papers of Drs. Leconte and Horn of a few years back are
full of allusions to species collected there by him. I hoped to find it an
interesting field, and was not disappointed.

Most of the work was done along the river bottom, where the cotton-
wood timber was usually sufficiently free from underbrush to admit of
freedom of movement and of sight. The felled trees, when the bark was
peeled off, furnished Zoxidium compressum, Litargus balteatus, Epierus
regularis and Bacanius punctiformis. Beneath the old trunks were found
Blapstinus fortis and arenarius. The cow-droppings were productive of
Copris carolina, Phaneus triangularis, Onthophagus pennsylvanicus,
Aphodius tenuistriatus and stercorosus and Cercyon variegatum. The
banks of the river were covered with Cre‘ndela rectilatera and C. sperata;
Tetragonoderus fasciatus and T. latipennis, the iatter abundant, were to
be obtained in more circumscribed spots with a species of Stenus near
stygicus. The weeds on the bars, on being pulled up, were found to
shelter around their roots a colony of Agonoderus comma, Anthicus
difficilis, A. nanus, Metachroma interrupta and Ayochrous denticollis.
This AZyochrous was also often found feeding on willows.

On leaving the immediate vicinity of the river and working along the
roads, Languria /eta is found commonly with Acylomus calcaratus and
Conotrachelus leucopheatus. Arriving at a point where a little creek
crossed the road, I ascended it, and where a tree had been felled across it
some years ago and was consequently in a rather advanced stage of decay,
settled down for an hour or two of solid work. By peeling off the bark
carefully I was able to get everything worth taking, as whatever was nim-
ble enough to escape my bottle at first, fell into the water and was easily
secured, The results were two AZal/odon dasystomus, several Eupsalis
minuta, Platydema ruficorne, flavipes, levipes, Eustrophus bicoloy, and
several other things. Leaving this spot and going on to a freshly cut
mesquit, I got under the loose bark four or five specimens of Conotrachelus
anaglypticus, a few Carpophilus semitectus. and some Laemophlaus
chemeropis. Under damp logs I found the specimens of larve, pupz
and imagines of £A/pocus described in another paper.

After a week’s stay at Columbus I moved on to Harwood, which is at
a considerably higher altitude—here the cottonwoods were gone and re-
placed by mesquit and oak, much of it ‘‘scrub.” The collecting was not
nearly so good and of a different character, Z/eodes tricostata being one of
the most prominent beetles. ‘Two or three Pasémachus were found under

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143

logs, also a pair of Roma/eum atomarium and a large Mallodon serrulatus.
Acmeodera pulchella var. mixta and Bruchus amicus occurred on flowers.
The leguminose trees and shrubs yielded, by beating, Cxyptocephalus de-
fectus, Epicauta nigritarsis and Coleocerus marmoratus, while under the
bark and in the wood of dead trunks and branches I took a number of
Phileonemus catenulatus and Trogoxylon, sp , besides a fine Amphicerus.
The dead wood was full of cerambycid larve.

The next stop was made at Luling, in the San Marcos Valley, a spot
which pleased me more than any other in Texas. The river bottom is
heavily wooded in places, and the holes and cracks in the great trees
were the hiding places of beetles of large size and great beauty. ‘The fine
ZLopherus haldemanni was taken here in some numbers, sometimes resting
on the surface of logs which were lying on the ground, or, just as often,
climbing on the trunks of trees seven or eight feet up. Besides these I
got a large Mallodon, two Alaus lusciosus and a number of Strategus
julianus, the last nearly all dead but in perfect order—sometimes not yet
stiffened. They occurred in holes where trees had been torn up by the
roots, or often simply lying on the ground without cover or protection of
any sort. Photuris pennsylvanica was found very commonly in one spot,
clinging to the trunks of trees close to the ground, while three or four
Chlenius orbus were taken beneath logs in damp places. A pair of
Canthon cyanellus were detected in the act of inspecting a dead clam on
the river bank and were promptly ‘run in.”

The weeds along the roads were full of a species of Chrysomeda, for
which I can get no name. The great composite by the edges of the
cotton-fields furnished numerous Lexus /aesicollis, Smicronyx obtectus,
Pachytychius amoenus, and some other weevils.

San Antonio did not prove to be in as good a locality for beetles, and
only in a few favoured spots could anything be found. Beating along the
track of one of the lines of railroad proved more productive tnan anything
else, and in this way I obtained a number of Cryptocephalus defectus,
Coccinella abdominalis, Epicauta nigritarsis, and a little Galerucid not
yet described. The ban‘s of the river, close to the source, yielded Zga
sallei, Oodes sp., Ochthebius foveicollis, and Limnichus lutrochinus, with
several other things ; but the great haul of the season was a lot of several
dozen assorted ticks, which I collected on my own person after sitting on
a stone in the woods for a few moments to eat my lunch.

| 44 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

A NEW GASTROPACHA.
BY J J. RIVERS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CAL.

Phyllodesma Dyari, n. sp.—General appearance of the palest sienna
or yellowish-ochre. ‘Thorax and patagia thickly clothed with short hair
of a uniform pale tone, the abdominal covering similar, but longer and
finer, which gives to it a slightly silky appearance.

¢@. Anterior wings with the anal angle deeply emarginate ; three
lines of dusky spots cross the disc ending near the costa, these being
lines rather than bands. ‘There are in some examples two dusky spots,
one more conspicuous than the other, in the discal space. From the
hind margin up to the middle line of spots, and extending to the apex of
the wing, the area is of a rosy or peach-brown ; the remainder of the wing
being paler and colder in tone, in fact ochry-yellowish.

Posterior wings with the usual deep emargination on the costa. From
just above the anal angle, a pale and rather wide band runs across
towards the outer margin ; this pale band widens on the inner margin
when in contact with the abdomen, and this part of the wing is clothed
with the same long filament-like hairs as the abdomen.

Fringes of all the wings rusty and white in separate rows of scales,
the basal row being rusty and running out and covering the points of the
nervules, while the white scales are seen only in the hollows of the
crenations.

Beneath, pale rosy-brown, a darker central band traverses all the
wings, beginning near the costal edge of the forewings, and finishing
short of the anal angle cf the hind wings.. There appears on some speci-
mens only, a short second band, when the ground colour between them is
whitish. In the central area bordering the emargination of the hind
wings is a wide patch of rusty brown.

Q@. General appearance much paler than in the other sex, being very
pale creamy or ochry-yellow. Margins of all the wings crenate ;
strongest on the hind margin of the posterior wings and decreasing in
boldness towards the apex of the anterior wings. There are faint lines
of spots on the disc of the forewings, suggestive of bands, and on the
hind wings the only variation of the same pale expression of the whole
insect is a broad, well-deaned band of a lighter colour, that crosses the
wing from above the anal angle.

Beneath uniformly pale ochry-brown, with a large attendant patch,

conspicuously darker, in the immediate region of the emargination of the
hinder wings.

Expanse of wings, 6, 1.55-1.80 inches; ?, 2.25 inches.
Habitat: El Paso, Texas.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145

THE BUTTERFLIES OF LAGGAN, N: W. T.; ACCOUNT OF
CERTAIN SPECIES INHABITING THE ROCKY
MOUNTAINS. IN LATITUDE 51° 25’.

PY THOMAS E. BEAN, LAGGAN, ALBERTA.

(Continued from page 132, Vol. 22.)

ELEVATIONS IN VICINITY OF LaGGAN.—Altitudes near Laggan have
in some cases been very incorrectly stated. In ‘‘ Appleton’s Canadian
Guide-Book ; Western Canada,” published 1892, the altitude of Louise
Lake (Emerald Lake of the Geological Survey) is given as one thousand
feet above Laggan, and the elevation of Agnes Lake is stated at three
thousand five hundred feet above Laggan. Such statistics are worse
than useless.

The elevation of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Laggan, by latest
profiles. is five thousand and eight feet. Emerald Lake is five hundred
to six hundred feet higher—its elevation can hardly exceed five thousand
six hundred feet. Agnes Lake is about two hundred feet below the
normal timber-line, so that its altitude is not far from six thousand eight
hundred feet; itis eighteen hundred feet above Laggan, and pretty ac
curately twelve hundred feet higher than Emerald Lake.

According to the Geological Survey Reports, timber-line on the
mountains around Laggan occurs at about seven thousand feet. This
elevation compares with an altitude in Colorado of something over eleven
thousand feet. Gannett’s ‘‘ Dictionary of Altitudes” gives U. S. Survey
estimates of 31 timber-lines in Colorado, of which 29 are above eleven
thousand feei.

CARTEROCEPHALUS PALEMON, Pallas.
Paniscus, Fabricius.
Mandan, Edw.

Material of Mandan examined :—1 4 from Nepigon (Mr. Fletcher) ;
36 local gs, some imperfect, but nearly all bright and readable; 1 ¢,1
? from Banff (Mr. H. K. Burrison); 12 local 92s, all being legible, and §
of them bright and fine. Examples of Pademon compared :—4 ¢s, 2 9s
from Germany ; 2 gs, 1 ? from Zurich, Switzerland; 2 ¢s from north-
ern Finland.

This examination was undertaken because from frequently repeated
comparisons of the Bow Valley A/andan with Palemon the essential
agreement of the two had become evident. Until this final study was

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

made, I had thought J7andan of New England and eastern Canada might
be distinct not only from /a/emon of Europe, but also from AZandan of
the Bow Valley. ‘That idea I can no longer entertain. The amount of
variation among my few instances of Pa/emon proves to be greater than
T have hitherto considered it, and this fact lessons the probability that the
name J/fandan covers two species. My reasoning is :—(1) The Euro-
pean Palenon is so uniform in size and colour, and presents its
variations in a manner so undemonstrative, that the true values of its
variations are easily recognized, and it is readily seen that the several
variational phases constitute but a single species. (2) J/andan, like
many other of our lepidoptera, is strongly influenced by the meteoro-
logical peculiarities of widely separated districts inhabited by it in North
America, and in certain extreme conditions displays its variational
capacity with a freedom, an exuberance, quite in contrast to the conserva-
tive variation of species in Europe. (3) As I find the variation in
Palemon essentially as important as the more emergent and erratic
variation shown in certain environments by JZandan, and as Palemon in
its various attitudes is inseparable from corresponding aspects of
Mandan and helps to render evident the unity of JZandan’s extreme
phases, I am therefore led to believe A/andan contains but one species,
although it has been so well supplied with synonyms and its extremes of
colour variation are so great.

In the material at hand, together with the J/anudan literature acces-
sible, I find no indication of more than one species, unless it be the
difference in food-plants—The Nepigon and Bow Valley sections eating
grasses, while Pa/emon of Europe is said to feed on Plantago major.
This diversity does not greatly impress me, as the “ unexpected ” in that
line often happens. After discovering (Aug. 5, 1889) that Codias nastes
eats Willow, and having (in August, 1890) persuaded Grapta sephyrus
to accept a diet of rose,I am prepared for almost any specialty in food-
plants. JZe/itea anicia feeds on two species of plants, or more; so does
Lycena aguilo.

From the insects compared I have the following information. The
Banff specimens agree with the Laggan series. The Nepigon ¢ is almost
a copy of one Finland ¢—if smalier, the difference is very slight ; it
differs above forewing in having the median yellow-brown spots shorter
(partly obliterate); on under side the Finland example is more suffused
with yellow and the spots under hind wing are less clear; in every

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147

essential character the two insects are alike. The Bow Valley material
has been determined as AZandan. If it is Mandan, then a fortiori it is
also Palemon, for it is closer to Palemon of Germany than to the
Mandan of eastern North America Arranging the entire series accord-
ing to affinity of variation, the Nepigon specimen goes to one extreme,
next in order follow the two Finland Pa/emon, then two of the Palemon
from Germany, and a number of the Bow Valley Mandan. Nearly all
the remaining Bow Valley A/andan range still further away by an
increasing size and boldness (conspicuousness) of the fulvous spots above
primary, these spots being in some specimens so enlarged as to replace
almost entirely the dark brown of general surface. The two Palwmon
¢ s from Switzerland, two of the German Pa/demon and a small section
of the Bow Valley /andan 2 s follow a line of variation somewhat
diverse from what is seen in the major part of the series, but without
special bearing on the main question, except as turther illustrating the
fact that JZandan is more ready to break ranks than is consistent with
due respect to ‘the authorities.” In one particular, all the North
Americans examined are alike—the spots under hind wing are clear in
colour and distinctly in contrast to the ground colour. Part of the
Europeans agree with the North American specimens. in this, and the
others have the spots suffused with dull yellow as in Carterocephalus
stlvius. The description of JZandan in Fernald’s “‘ Butterflies of Maine,”
indicates that the Maine A/andan is practically like that of Nepigon, and
that the spots below hind wing are clear in colour; the description in
general covers Pa/emon equally with Mandan. Mr.W. H. Edwards, in
his description of Stereoptes skada, mentions that the spots below hind
wing, except the outer rows, were of a yellowish tint. Mr. S. H. Scudder
describes the spots beneath hind wing of Hesperia mesapano as “very large
silvery white spots” ; in the Laggan specimens the colour is a pale buff,
scarcely white in any.

Mandan in the greater part of its range seems to be extremely rare.
A few captures have been recorded, made in New England and at various
localities in the Province of Quebec, with one or more in Alaska and
Labrador. It appears to have been found in frequency only in two dis-
tricts—the region between Hudson Bay and Lake Superior, and the Bow
Valley. Mr. James Fletcher’s records for Nepigon are well known. Mr.
J. Jenner Weir, in THE Enromo.ocist, writing of lepidoptera collected
chiefly at Moose, on south coast of Hudson Bay, makes this record ;—

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

“ [leteropterus mandan, Edw.— Much resembles V7. paniscus, Fab. ;
common in 1883, but not observed before.”

A specimen of J7andan was in 1872 determined by Mr. H. K. Mor-
rison as Paniscus (Palemon). In an account of lepidoptera collected on
Anticosti, Mr. William Couper writes :—‘‘ Hesperia paniscus, Fabr.—A
single specimen captured at Fox Bay, Anticosti, on the 26th June. It
was sent to Mr. Morrison, who informs me that it does not differ in the
slightest from the European specimens of paniscus. It is close to JZan-
dan, Edw.”—(Can, Ent., Nov., 1872.) At that time AZandan was ex-
cessively rare in collections.

Carterocephalus palemon of the Bow Valley is larger than the same
species in Europe and eastern North America, and is more variable in
size, ranging from expanse of the Finland and Switzerland instances to a
size noticeably exceeding that of the German examples. It displays
greater individual variation also as to size and colour of the fulvous spots
above forewing. At Laggan it chiefly frequents grassy meadows along
the Bow at an altitude of 4,800 to 5,000 feet, the ¢ in. ordinary seasons
appearing early in June and the ? during last half of the month. Several]
?s have been taken at Emerald Lake in early July, and 1 2 at Agnes
Lake early in August. It occurs also at Stephen, B. C., six miles west
of Laggan.

This is one of those species which come from pupa earlier or later ac-
cording to the forwardness or tardiness of the season ; it is by no means
sO prompt to a date as are some of the local butterflies. There is no in-
dication of more than one flight in a season.

ADDITIONAL NOTE ON THE LARVA OF PALMON.

After sending away the foregoing, a very interesting article was me,
with in Zhe Entomologist (London, England), Oct. and Nov, 1892,
which tends to confirm my views already stated :—“ Life History of
Carterocephalus Palemon,by F. W. Frohawk, F E.S.” So far as I can judge-
Mr. Frohawk’s account of the larva of Pa/emon agrees substantially with the
description of the larva of Mandan published by Mr. James Fletcher in
CANADIAN Entomotocist, June, 1889. My main object in the present
reference is to mention that Pademon, as well as Aandan, eats grasses.
Mr, Frohawk reared his larve with success on Bromus asper.

My own incomplete notes of the local larva, from observations made
in June, 1889, agree entirely with Mr. Frohawk’s account. An interesting
fact in my experiment was that several of the eggs were laid by lamp

— re ae eee ~_——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149

light at eleven o’clock one night. The young larva emerges near apex of
egg, and usually eats little, if any more of the shell than sufficient to
allow of his exit. The larve fed on grass.

I make no citations from Mr. Frohawk’s article. It should be read
entire by all interested in the subject.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF CANADIAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON. ONT.

During the years 1891 and 1892, I have received the following names
new to the Canadian list. Some of the specimens have been in my
possession for several years, as I hoped to secure others of the same kind,
whereby I might obtain their names without inconveniencing anyone by a
request for their return. But they remain uniques with me to the present
time ; solitary witnesses to the fact that they are to be got, if looked for
in the right place at the right time.

The gentlemen to whose kindness I am indebted for the identification
of my material are: Prof. J. B. Smith in the Bombycide and Noctuide,
Rev. Dr. Hulst for the Geometride, and Prof. C. H. Fernald in the
Micros. I have followed the sequence and nomenclature of Prof. Smith’s
list of 1891. ;

Scoleocampa liburna, Geyer.

I captured this specimen at Ridgeway in July, 1885. And I see by
the Buffalo list of 1891 it is therein reported as ‘‘ taken occasionally in
Lancaster, at light,” by Mr. E. P. VanDuzee. I am not aware of its
having being taken in Canada since.

LE piglea decliva, Grote.

A single specimen taken at Hamilton eight years ago, in the autumn,
when looking for Scopelosomas and Lithophanes.

Xylina tepida, Grote.

A single specimen taken at London, September 29th, 1891. On one of
my visits to Mr. Grote in Buffalo, whilst he was naming some Lithophanes
for me, he called my attention especially -to this species as “one that
ought to be found with us,” and yet this is the first intimation that I have
received of its being taken in Canada.

Litognatha litophora, Grote.

Herminia petrealis, Grote.

Lypena damnosalis, Walker,

150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

No doubt several more of the Deltoides might be added to our
list, if they were closely looked after, but the unattractive appearance of
many of them, and the difficulty in separating the forms, has a tendency
to weaken the interest taken in them.

Acidalia subalbaria, Pack.

Eudetlinea herminiata, var. albata, Guen.

Semiothisa preatomata, Harv.

Tephrosta cognataria, Hub.

araphia unipunctaria, Haw.

Petrophora truncata, Hub,

Philyctenia extricalis, Guen.

Hlomophysa psychicalis, Hulst. Two specimens taken at London in
1892. This handsome little species was described and named Soiis
psythicalis by Dr. Hulst in 1886, from two females taken in Georgia
and Texas.

Hydrocampa stentalis, Guen.

This delicate and highly ornamented species I had taken at Hamilton
for several years, one or two in a season, although only obtaining the
name of it last November. During the season of 1892 I came on a
colony of it at London and secured six. It is variable in size and depth
of colouring, but varies littie in the design of ornamentation, considering
itis so elaborate. Dr. Hulst redescribed a specimen from Florida, under the
name of 7/7. austra/is. Hegives the expanse of wingsas16mm,_ I have
one thatis 15 mm., but I also have one that is only ro. Dr. Hulst gives the
colours as fuscous and light ochreous. One of my specimens is of a
deep leaden hue, with the light portions greatly reduced in size.

Schenobius melinellus, Clem.

Perispasta caeculalis, Zell.

A single specimen taken at Hamilton several years ago. It was
sitting on the upper side of a leaf quite exposed. Its unusual form and
marking attracted my attention at the time, and although I looked for it
regularly afterwards in that locality, at the same season of the year, I
never came upon another, and the only other one I have seen was sent
to me for determination by Mr. Winn, of Montreal.

Perispasta tmmixtalis, Grote.

A single specimen taken at London in the season of 1892, and that in
rather poor condition,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151

Teras nivisellana, W\sm.
“_ variana, Fernald.

Cacecia rosana, Linn.

Cinectra pilleriana, Schiff.

Exartema punctana, W\sm.

This attractive species I had been taking for a number of years at
Hamilton, one and two specimens in a season. It was moderately
plentiful in one locality at London during the early part of July, where
I secured about a dozen and a-half specimens of it. It is quite variable
in size and depth of shading. My specimens range from 15 to 25 mm.
in expanse of. wing, the smallest males being, as a rule, the lightest in
colour.

Sericorts bipartitana, Clem.

Pedisca otiosana, Clem.

Semasia signatana, Clem.

Argyresthia andereggiella, F. V. R.

Laverna subbistrigella, Haw.

Butalis tmpositella, Zell.

THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF VARINA ORNATA, NEUM.*
BY A. S. PACKARD.

For a specimen of this most interesting moth I am indebted to Mrs,
Slosson, and after an examination of it Iam unable to find any Bombycine
characters, except the heavily pectinated antennz. In Prof. Smith’s List
of Lepidoptera it is placed in the Liparidz between Artaxa and Lagoa,
though it bears no resemblance to these moths except in the shape of the
antenne. It has also been regarded as aliied to the Cochliopodide.
Prof. Smith has recently stated that it is a synonym of Acherdoa ferraria,
Walk. (See Can. ENT., xxiv, 135, 1892). It appears from its heavily
pectinated antenne to belong among the Noctuo-Bombyces, and all its
characters indicate its affinities with the Noctuina. On denuding the
head, the front is seen to be very full and convex, and those who claim
that the characters of the head are useless in distinguishing families, we
would refer to this case, as no Bombycine moth with which we are

“Papilio iv., 94, 1884,

152? THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

acquainted has such a full, protuberant front. The palpi are also
truly noctuid in shape, the joints being very distinct, the 3rd jcint long
and slender compared with those of the Bombyces. ‘The forewings have
a well-developed dot and reniform spot, genuine Noctuid marks, and the
hind wings have the peculiar gloss of Noctuid moths. The venation of
the wing is unlike that of the Liparidze and Cochliopodide, and entirely
unlike that of the Notodontide. There are 4 branches of the median
vein, and their arrangement and that of the subcostal veinlets appears to
be characteristically Noctuid.

Iam confirmed in the view that this moth belongs among the Noctuids
by the following observations of Mrs. Slosson, who was fortunate enough
to hatch out the larve, and to find that they are semiloopers, like the

freshly-hatched larvee of many Noctuids.

“T captured at light, in the spring of 1891, a Varina ornata 2 and
placed her at once ina box made for the purpose. But when I opened
the box for examination I found to my chagrin, that I had unfortunately
closed the lid upon my treasure and crushed her to death. As the
abdomen seemed somewhat distended, I pressed it gently, and had the
satisfaction of seeing two eggs drop out. I could secure no more. As
it was late at night and my light was poor, I deferred close examination
of the eggs. ‘The next day I was attacked with neuralgia in the eyes, and
was quite unable to use a magnifying glass. On the 6th or 7th day the
eggs were hatched. I was still suffering, and could make no close
observations. But one thing was plainly to be seen, the larve were
“Joopers”! This I could see for myself, and an unscientific friend who
looked at them through a lens at once declared them to be ‘“‘ measuring
worms.” Knowing nothing of the food-plant, I sent out for leaves of the
various trees and herbs growing near. But the larvae would eat nothing.
On the third day, though still alive they were very weak. I placed a bit
of palmetto—Sada/ serrvu/ata—in their glass, and they at once crawled
feebly upon it, and began nibbling its surface. But it was too late, and
not knowing how vastly important to science would be a prolongation. of
their existence, they quietly passed away. I regretted deeply my lost
opportunity of settling finally the proper position of this interesting moth.
But I can but consider this proven fact of the young larve’s being
loopers a very significant one.”

——-=

Ort
~~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15;

CATOCALINE MOTHS FROM GEORGIA.

BY A. R. GROTE, A. M.. BREMEN, GERMANY.

In the collection of the Bremen Museum are a number of Woctuide
Catocaline, brought by Norwich, many years ago, from the vicinity of
Savannah, Georgia, and belonging to species for the most part new to me.
Nearly all are now identified by me as described by Guenée in the
Species General, and their notice here can hardly fail to be of interest. I
have previously remarked upon the fact that, as we progress southwardly,
we are met by an increase in the number of species of Catocaline Owlet
Moths, while the Woctuine, or typical Voctuide, diminish ; the metropolis
of the former seems to lie in the Tropical, of the latter in the North
Temperate Zone. But already in the Southern States we meet with
many species of Banded Owlets, which seem absent in Canada and the
Northern United States.

GRAMMODEsS, Guen.

Guenée describes in the Species General three North American
species, Smithiz, Similis and Consobrina, under the generic term Ophiusa,
‘Tr., a name which, being pre-occupied in zoology, cannot be retained.
These three species, then unknown to me in nature, I referred tempor-
arily to the genus Grammodes, in the Buffalo Check List, 39, 1876, as
also in the New York Check List, 39, 1882. This course is followed by
the Philadelphia Check List, 57, 1891. At this writing I have not the
necessary means or material to satisfactorily review the generic position
of the species described in the present paper, Of Guenée’s three Ameri-
can species of Ophiusa, two, Smithii and Consobrina, are now identified
by me in the Norwich collection. These two are closely allied, so much
so that, at the first glance, they seem the same, though readily distin-
guished. Under these circumstances it seems inexplicable to me that
Guenée should place them in two distinct groups, and should interpolate
a group and follow Smthii with a species, s¢mz/is, which, from the des-
cription, must differ somewhat widely in appearance. The two species
before me seem allied to Luclidia cuspidea, while in the dusty-gray colour,
texture and vestiture, they resemble Drasteria. They are distinguished
by the fine, even, cleanly-cut and very distinct median lines. All the
species here included have a deep brown or blackish, apical, liturate
mark. That they will remain under this generic title, which is only a
substitute for Opiiusa, as used by Guenée for them, does not seem prob-
able to me.

154 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

1. SmiryHit, Guen., Sp. Gen., VII., 266, 1852, OphAzusa.

The forewings are powdery light ash-gray over brown, with a slight
violaceous reflection. ‘The brown colour appears as a diffuse deeper
shading before the t. a, line, and again before the t. p. line over the outer
portion of median space. ‘T. a. line narrow, brown, slightly bent and
relieved outwardly against the gray median space. ‘T. p. line similar in
appearance, but very cleanly cut and even, forming two angles outwardly ;
the first and most prominent opposite the cell, the second projection on
the interspace above vein 1 ; thus the line forms three subequal scallops,
the upper one shallower and more oblique, the middle one the longest.
A deep brown, inwardly oblique, shaded apical mark, terminating holmes}
second linear one, which appears as if dislocated and turns outwardly.
Hind wings obscure brown, a little dusted with grayish on the outer
margin before the angle. Beneath both wings concolorous, paler yellowish-
brown, with a faint darker median line and discal point. On _ primaries
above the brown reniform is feebly marked. Body concolorous. Two
female specimens examined, expanding 37-38 mil. In Mus. Brem.

Guence names this species for one of the authors of the “ Insects of
Georgia.”

2. Consoprina, Guen., Sp. Gen., VIL. 1852, Ophiusa. ,

Almost exactly like Smthiz. The base of primaries somewhat darker
shaded, hardly ashen; the liturate apical mark seems to run inwardly
obliquely throughout its length and is uniformly preceded by a deep
brown shade, appearing continuous. ‘The t. p. line wants the second
angulation and thus forms a single curve from a point opposite the cell to
the inner margin. These seem the only differences in markings. Two
males examined, expanding, one 4o, the other only 35 mil. In Mus.
Brem.

I regard it as not impossible that Covsobrina is the male of Syuithit.
The antenne in both are simple, the joints provided with short hairs be-
neath. The terminal joint of the palpi appears to be shorter in Cozso-
brina, and probably really is so, but this feature might be sexual. Guenée
does not note the sex of his material. In ornamentation the only
differences I find are in the apical shade and the t. p. line; this latter
character alone is strongly marked and leads one to suspect a distinct
species. The difference in size noted by Guence (p. 268) does not exist.
In this group of moths the male is not infrequently much larger than the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155

female, but is inconstant in size of wing. One specimen of Comsobrina
is in this respect smaller than Sm7thiz. As to the difference in
shading, it appears to me quite unimportant and not unlikely a variable
character.

3. SimILis, Guen. Sp. Gen. VII., 267, 1852. OpAzusa.

‘“‘4o mil. Wings entire, powdery, of an even violaceous ashen, shaded
here and there with reddish ; with the two median lines hardly visible,
very fine and, between them, another similar line bent in an opposite
direction to the t. p. line and nearly touching the latter at either extremity,
the whole hardly distinct. A black apical mark, composed of two little
triangles united at apices, a little shaded interiorly. Hind wings light
brown, with the fringes ashen, Beneath of the same brown, with indistinct
line and lunule.

Var. Apica.is, id. The arcuate median line largely shaded with
blackish exteriorly.”

This species is unknown to me. It cannot be the succeeding form
owing to the given colour, the triangulate apical spots, and the arcuate
median line.

4. CONCOLOR, DN. s.

¢ Entirely of a light chocolate brown. The forewings unicolorous,
with a slight frosty violet reflection, without any perceptible markings or
any darker shadings, except the liturate dark brown apical mark, which
is oblique, of nearly uniform width and subcontinuous. Hind wings
plain brown, the outer edge and fringes very slightly shaded with ashen.
Beneath paler, concolorous yellowish-brown, with faint traces of one or
more common lines and discal dots. Palpi slightly exceeding the front.
Antenne simple, the joints beneath with short hairs. One specimen, ex-
panding 42 mil., in Mus. Brem.

@ Somewhat darker than the male. The frosty violaceous shade
obtains strongly over basal half of primaries and allows an uneven darker
t. a. line to be faintly visible. At the centre of the wing, in the place of
the median shade, is a straight sharp line of demarcation, beyond which
the wing is outwardly diffusedly much darker shaded, the dark colour
fading to the fringes and allowing the apical mark to be plainly visible.
In one specimen the apical mark is apparently linear and dislocated in-

156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

feriorly. Else as in the male. In one specimen there are terminal dots
near the anal angle of secondaries. ‘Iwo specimens, one expanding 46
mil., the other only 38 mil. Savannah, Norwich, in Mus. Brem.

Renewed examinations of the male of this prominent and well-sized
species show, that in certain lights exceedingly faint traces of the t. a.
line may be discerned. But the brown surface of the wing is unbroken to
the eye, without lines or discal spot, and is relieved only by the distinct
apical mark.

AGNOMONIA, Hubn.

Is -ANILIS, Drury; 127, Fh lh 3 aoe raee.
Seguistriaris, Hubn., Zutr., 419-20, 1825, Agnomonia.
Anilis, Guen., VII., 273, 1852, Aguomonia.

Two specimens of this not unusual species from Savannah in Mus.
Brem. In this genus the apices of forewings are sharp, the short fringes
usually discolorous, the external margin sinuous or straight, not rounded ;
the forewings have a certain lustre on their upper surface.

2. QUADRIFILARIS, Hubn., Zutr., 569-70, 1825, Agnomonia.
Guen., VII., 300, 1852, Poaphila.

Two specimens of this well-marked species from Savannah in Mus.
Brem. Smaller than avz/7s, of a lighter lustrous brown. The fore-
wings crossed by two white median stripes, narrower than in av///s, and
continuous, whereas in az7/7s the outer band is abbreviated. <Awz/is is
much stouter with the external margin sinuate, curving inwardly below
the apex.

3. OssoLeta, Grt. Proc. Bost. Soc., N. H., 417, 1876, FPoaphila.
Quadrifilaris, var. A., Guen., VII., 301, 1852, Poaphila.

Of this species, taken by Dr. Thaxter in Florida, there are no speci-
mens in the collection. According to my observation, it is decidedly
distinct from Quadrifi/aris.

4. Erasa, Guen., VII., 301, 1852, Poaphila.

The forewings are of a somewhat grayish or fuscous-brown with a
slight lustre, darker shaded outwardly. The markings are quite indistinct,

4

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157

and only traces of the transverse lines can be made out. The short
fringes are tipped with whitish ; apices pointed, external margin quite
straight. Hind wings without markings; abdomen somewhat grayish.
An inconspicuous species, distinguishable by tne pale fringes. One male
before me from Savannah, expanding 31 mil., in Mus. Brem.

Probably most of the species referred to Poaphila in the Species
General, and in our Check Lists, belong really to Agnomonia, Of the
species described by Guenée I have not identified anywhere Contempta
or Bistrigata. Poaphila sylvarum, in the collection before me, may be
considered typical of its genus. lavistriaria, perplexa, and herbarum,
determined by me in Coll. Mus. Brem., are apparently related to Phurys
and Celiptera, as also is Bistrigata from Hiibner’s figure. I have
described two species in Bulletin, U.S. Geol. Survey, IV., 184, 185, which
may also belong to Agnomonia. The types are in Coll. Brit. Mus. A
name to be admitted must be sanctioned by figure or description. But
what are we to do with the bad descriptions of the British Museum Lists ?
Can the supposed types of Mr. Walker be admitted as evidence? In
cases where they in any way contradict the description I think cer-
tainly not.

Puurys, Guen.

r. FLAVISTRIARIA, Hubn., Zutr. 555-6, 1825, Crochiphora.
Guen., VII., 302, 1852, Poaphila.

The forewings are grayish-brown, with a faint discal mark and a rigid
ochre-yellow subterminal band, followed by a narrower dark brown shade
line. Two specimens before me, which belong evidently to the species
described by Guenée, but do not quite agree in shape of wing and appear-
ance with Hubner’s figure, while the only markings correspond, and these
are so simple that it must be the species. The identification of flavz-
striaria has led me to that of Guenée’s perplexa, described comparatively
in the Species General. Guenée changes the specific name to A/avi-
striarts.

2. PERPLEXA, Guen., VIL., 303, 1852, Poaphila.
Glans, Grt., Proc. Bost.S., N. H., 416, 1876, Phurys.

This species differs from //avistriaria mainly by the concolorous pale
gray colour, while the subterminal stripe has less yellow, the dark brown

158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

line predominating. Faint indications of an uneven t. a. line. The discal
mark almost obsolete. Faint terminal dots may be discerned. Hind
wings gray without lines. ‘Two specimens, Savannah, Georgia, in Mus.
rem.

The more of our species of Catocaline Noctuids, belonging to the
group of which Drasterta may be considered typical, the so-called
‘*Grass Moths,” I have become acquainted with, the more do I see the
necessity for their generic revision. But the material I have had at any
one time has been so small and fragmentary that I have been unable to
attempt it.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEROUS. LARVA:
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.
Colias Behrii, Edw.

Lgg.--Spindle shaped, a little contracted just before the tip, with low
longitudinal and transverse ridges, which divide the surface into shallow,
rectangular parallelograms. Length, 1.3 mm.; width, .6 mm. The eggs
are laid singly on the upper side of the leaves of a species of ground
huckleberry, its food plant.

First stage.— Head rounded, dark brown ; width, .25 mm. Body of
normal shape, sordid whitish, apparently without marks ; minutely pilose.

Fifth stage.—Head rounded, very slightly bilobed, slightly reticulated
with brown ; no other marks ; width,2 mm. Mouth parts brown ; ocelli
and jaws black. An even, pinkish white dorsal line, very narrowly black
bordered, runs the length of the body, tapering a little at each end,
obsolete on joints 2, 3 and 13. A broader, even, subdorsal line, nearly
white on the edges, salmon-coloured centrally, and bordered above by a
black lunate shade on the-anterior part of each segment. A similar, very
even substigmatal band, pinkish centrally ; the bordering black shades
surround the spiracles and are larger and more diffuse than those above
the subdorsal band, but very faint on the thoracic segments. A faint,
even, lateral band, paler than the ground colour, which is probably some
shade of green in living specimens. Spiracles white, the pair on joint 12
larger than the others. Thoracic feet testaceous.

Pupa.—This seems not distinguishable from that of other species of
Colias. Thorax large, the back arched and cases prominent; abdomen

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159

tapering ; cremaster short, square at tip, flattened and firmly adhering to
the silken web. It appears to have been yellowish-green, a lateral pale
line on the abdomen, the antenna cases marked with pink.

Described from alcoholic specimens collected by Mr. J. B. Lembert in
the High Sierras of California, Concerning the habits of this insect, Mr.
Lembert writes :—‘‘ July 27th, about nine or ten in the morning of the
third day of search, I discovered the food-plant of the hardy little mountain-
eer. His little queen fluttered into the grass on the meadows at the base
of Mt. Gibbs. When she had laid about five or six eggs, she flew on to
the dry moraine and sandy hills to eat flowers, and in the meantime
another took her place. The eggs were deposited on the low growing
huckleberry vine, which is lower than the grasses that it grows among,
affording protection to the eggs and larvee against the dews and frosts that
prevail at any day on the highland meadows. ‘The males outnumber the
emales six to one, according to my catch, as the latter feed on the
flowers growing on the old moraines which rise up out of the meadows,
and only fly to the meadows to deposit their eggs.

When the larve get large they hide, and in the first stage they are
| almost invisible. When ¥% inch long they are semi-transparent ; when 1%
| inch, they get about the colour of a lightly bruised apple and worm-like,
without spines. They greatly resemble the withered huckleberry ruit.
The eggs when first laid are glistening white, then dull white, and finally

greenish. They hatch in six days.”

' Ichthyura vau, Fitch.

Eeg.—Hemispherical, flat below, the shell semi-transparent white.
Under the microscope it appears covered with small, slight depressions,
closely crowded together and forming obscure roundedly hexagonal
reticulations ; diameter, .g mm. Laid singly, or as many as seven together
on the under side of a leaf. The larva hatches by eating a piece off of
' the vertex of the egg, which may remain attached to the shell like a
circular trap door.

} Third stage.—Head slightly bilobed, rounded, clypeus depressed,
hairy, esperially on the lower part; shining black throughout. Cervical
shield and anal plate blackish. Body vinous-brown, with a broad band
of sordid yellowish-white, absent on joints 5 and 12, and containing a

LG0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

triple brown line. Subventral space, from the spiracles to the feet,
irregularly mottled and streaked with yellowish. Feet black. The
minute piliferous tubercles of rows 1 and 2 are stained yellow. Width of
head, 1.2 mm.

Fourth stage.-—Head round, full, pilose, blackish-brown, paler above
the mouth and slightly shiny; width, 1.8 mm. Body largely obscure,
purple-brown, this colour forming a triple dorsal line and covering the
whole lateral area to the feet. Dorsum grayish-white between the lines,
and this colour also obtains in a rather broad lateral line and minute
mottlings all over the brown area, which are distinct without a lens only
subventrally. Thoracic feet black, abdominal ones concolorous with the
body. The tubercles are very inconspicuous, but row 1 is marked by
little yellow dots through the whole length. The hairs are fine and short,
pale, those arising from the body very much shorter than those from the
tubercles. In another example joints 5 and r2 were seen to be slightly
enlarged dorsally and coloured purple-brown, while all the turbercles of
rows 1-5 were obscurely yellow.

Lifth stage.

in the sutures ; labrum sordid white ; width, 2.3-2.5 mm. Body purplish-

. . . '
Head slightly flat in front, blackish-brown, pale-purplish

brown, marked as before, but the pale gray parts are slightly obscured by
minute brown mottlings and the yellow piliferous tubercles are small but
very distinct. Each bears its one hair and the rest of the body is
minutely pilose. There are traces of a black bisected cervical shield ; no
distinct anal plate. In another example, the whole surface of the body
was marbled with pale gray, greatly obscuring the lines, though the yellow
tubercles were still distinct.

At maturity the body was sordid white, thickly mottled with pale
brown, forming a faint triple dorsal, single subdorsal and stigmatal lines ;

spiracles black ; tubercles orange.

Food-plant.—Species of willow (Salix). The larve live singly, each
tightly wedged ina little house formed of leaves and silk, from which

they come forth to feed. Larvee from Boston, Mass.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161

NEBRASKA MYRIAPODA.
BY F. C. KENYAN, UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA.
Heretofore nothing concerning the Myriapoda of Nebraska has been

published. Hence the following short list of species will not be without

interest :-—

Lysiopetalum lactarium, (Say).

Parajulus canadensis, (Newp).

FP. impressus, (Say).

Spirobolus marginatus, (Say) Newp.
Leptodesmus floriaus, Wood. .
Fontaria virginiensis, (Drury) J. E. Gray.
Paradesmus erythropygus, (Brandt) Wood.
Polydesmus canadensis, Newp.

P. granulatus, Say.

Scolioplanes bothriopus, (Wood) Mein.

Geophilus cephaticus, (Wood) Mein.

Geophilus bipuncticeps, Wood.

Scolopocryptops sexspinosus, (Say) Newp.

Scolopendra woodi, Mein. ; .

Archilithabius malterris, sp. n.—Prosternal teeth, 2+2. Ocelli, ro-
12, arranged in 3 rows. Antennal articles, 21. Coxal pores, 2, 3, 3, 2-3,
3, 4, 3, Or 1c—13, round. Spines on the first pair of legs, 2, 3, 1; on the
penultimate pair, 1, 3, 3, 1; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2,0. Claw of female

genitalia entire. Slender, light chestnut, head darker. Joints of antennz
rather long. Length, 12-53 mm.

From the Bad-lands, Sioux Co.
Archilithobius nebrascensts, sp, NV.

Prosternal teeth, 2+2. Ocelli, tr—15, arranged in 3 rows. Antenna;
articles, 20-21. Coxal pores, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 4, 4, 3, Or r0-14. Spines on
the first pair of legs, 1, 1, 1-1, 2, 1; on the penultimate pair, 1, 3, 3, 2;
on the anal pair, r, 3, 2,0. Claw of female genitalia bipartite. Rather
robust. Orange-brown; head darker, smooth; shortly pilose. Head
subrotundate. First scutum, large, subquadrate. Antenne, long, taper-
ing, shortly pilose ; articles long. Length, :r mm.

L62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A. dorsopinorum, sp. V.

Prosternal- teeth, 2+2.. Ocelli, 11-15, arranged in 3 rows. Articles
of the antenne, 21. Coxal pores, 3, 4, 4, 3-4, 5, 5, 4,0r 14-18. Spines on

the first pair of legs,1,2, 1-2,3, 1 ; on the penultimate pair, 1,3,2.1- 1,

2.9

9
J) 29
laws :

;
on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2, 1. Penultimate pair of legs armed with 2 «
the anal legs with one claw. Claw of female genitalia tripartite.

Body depressed. Light brown ; head a little darker. Anal legs only
slightly crassate.

This seems to be related to Bollman’s e/afus, but is distinguished from
that species by having the ocelli and the coxal pores more numerous, and
the spines of the anal legs differently arranged.

A. Lruneri, sp. nv.

Prosternal teeth, 2+ 2. Ocelli, 9-12, arranged in 3 rows. Antennal
articles (2)20-(@)21. Coxal pores, round, 2, 3, 3, 2-3, 4, 4, 3, Or 10-14.
Spines on the first pair of legs, 0, 1, 1-2, 2, 1; on the penultimate pair,
I, 3, 3, 23; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 3, 1. Penultimate legs armed with 2

claws ; the anal pair with one. Claw of female genitalia entire.

Scarcely robust. Light chestnut; head and first scutum darker ;
pilose. Head subrotundate ; longer than broad. Antennal joint, head-
like, thickly pilose. Body tapering anteriorly. Anal legs not crassate,
vilose ; fifth joint sulcate beneath ; the last two joints decidedly flattened
on the inner side.

Lithobius sexdentatus, sp. nv.

Prosternal teeth, 3+3. Ocelli, t9-24, arranged in 4 rows. Antenna!
articles, 20-21. Coxal pores, 4, 4, 5, 4-4, 5, 5, 4, or 17-18; round.
Spines on the first pair of legs, 1, 3, 1-2, 3, § ; on the penultimate pair,
I, 3, 3, 2; on the anal pair, 1, 3, 2,0. Anal and penultimate legs each
armed with a single claw. Claw of female genitalia entire. Slightly
robust, dark chestnut ; head darker. Head subrotundate ; longer than
broad. Antennz short, pilose, articles long. Anal legs slightly crassate
Length, r2 mm.

From the Bad-lands of Sioux Co.
L. Celer, Boll.

L. forficatus (Linn) Leach.
Neolithobius mordax, (Koch) Stux.
Scutigera forceps, (Raf.) Latr.

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163

CORRESPONDENCE.

PARNASSIUS CLODIUS AND P. SMINTHEUS.

Str,—Good specimens of these species are generally easily separated,
but occasionally specimens are taken the identity of which it is difficult
to decide. Mr. C. de Blois-Green, of Victoria, B. C., who has taken both
specimens in large numbers, has drawn my attention to a character which
he finds reliable in all instances. ‘This is that in C/odzus the antenne are
uniformly black, whilst in. Smzntheus they are ringed with white. Of
course, when the abdominal pouch is attached, there is no difficulty in
separating the female of C/odzus with its large pouch from Smzntheus
with its small keel-shaped appendage. The value of these abdominal
pouches has been well-worked out by Mr. H. J. Elwes in an exhaustive
paper published in the Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London. Some specimens received from Mr. de Blois-Green were sent
to Dr. H. Strecker, and his opinion asked as to the value of the character
based on the colour of the antenne. His reply, which I think will be
read with interest by lepidopterists, is as follows :—

‘Your letter and the remnants of the Parnassius received. The lat-
ter are only C/odius, of the form found in the State of Washington and
western British Columbia; those further south (California) are not as
large nor as brightly coloured, as a general thing. Your correspondent
is right in laying stress on the black antenne. CV/odius belongs to a
group and is allied to some sub-group having black antennz and large
pouches. They embrace Vordmanni, from Armenia; Clarzus, from W.
Siberia; Lversmanni, from Alaska and Siberia; /e/derz, the Amoor ;
Mnemosyne, Germany and Switzerland, etc.; Studbendorfii, Siberia ; and
Glacialis, Japan ; whereas Smintheus has white-ringed antenne, and its
allies, distinguished further by the keel-shaped pouch, are Apollo, Ger-
many ; Hesebolus, Mongolia, etc. ; Momion, Siberia; /acguemont:, Him-
alayahs, etc., with white-ringed antennz also ; but there are sub-groups
allied to these with the same keel-like pouch as Afoldinus, ‘Tartary ;
Hlonrathi, Turkestan, etc., that have all black antennz, so there is no
rule without an exception. Our Parnassius, according to my views, are
but three species :—

1. Smintheus, Dbldy—Hew.

2. Clodius, Men.

3. Eversmanni, Men.

164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

All the others, such as Z7hor, ATenetriesiz, etc., are but varieties or aber-
rants. It would be easy to make fifty such species of Smintheus alone,
if you took them at various altitudes and locations. Some butterflies, as,
for instance, Pupilio Turnus, of which I have great giants from North

f
Go)

Carolina, Georgia, etc., expanding 5% inches, while others from the
it

White Mountains spread only 2% inches, and there are all sorts of shades
of yellow, orange, brown and black, and yet who would think of making
a dozen species of these? I notice that Mr. W. H. Edwards includes
Par. Nomion in our fauna. I think somehow he must be mistaken,
unless possibly it was caught in Alaska.”
HERMAN STRECKER.”

Feeling sure that the above letter will be of interest to many of our

readers, I have obtained Dr. Strecker’s permission to publish it.

JAMES FLETCHER, Ottawa.

UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS.

Str,—Messrs. Dyar and Neumoegen have struck a snag in their work,
according to their statement in Can. Env. for May, 1893. Iam glad
that Iam able to help them over one part of it. Of the ‘“ unidentified
names,” Sadigena personata has been long since referred as a synonym
of Raphia frater, and I am able to confirm the correctness of the refer-
ence. So Ldema obligua has been proved a noctuid, and an Argama.
As Sphdia or Arzama obliguata, it is a well-known imsect. Messrs Neu-
moegen and Dyar are following Mr. Kirby’s use of generic terms very
closely. It would be a matter of some interest if they wouid inform us
whether, in the case of Hubner’s Tentamen, they have independently
concluded that it should be adopted, or whether they simply follow Mr.
Kirby without original investigation. So few of the working entomolo-
gists have accepted the Tentamen as authority, that it is not impertinent
to ask why they have joined the minority. Joun B. SMITH.

PROF. C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND

has been appointed Curator of the Museum at the Institute of Jamaica,
in place of Mr. ‘T. D. A. Cockerell, who has recently resigned on account
of ill-health. Mr. Townsend’s address is now Kingston, Jamaica, West
Indies. We wish him much success and prosperity in his new position,
and trust that he will continue to favour us with his valuable communi-
cations.

Mailed June s2th,

1 !
’ '

ee cae
The € anactian Hatomologist.

VOL. XXV. LONDON, JULY, 1893. No. 7.

OF NEW SPECIES OF MEXICAN PHASIIDA, GYM-
NOSOMATIDZ:, OCYPTERIDA,, AND
PHANIIDZ.

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND.

Mr. F. M. van der Wulp, the well-known Dutch dipterologist, has re-
cently published, in the Z77dschrift voor Entomologie, vol. 35, pp. 183-195,
short diagnoses of a large number of new species and several new genera
of Mexican Tachinide sens. lat. Of these, there are 33 new species and
4 new genera which belong to the above four groups. Of such well-
known and well-worked genera as 7Zrichopoda, there are 4 new species ;
of Hyalomyia, to new species ; of Crstogaster, 8 new species!

This material was received by Mr. van der Wulp from the editors of
the Biologia Centrali-Americana, but too late to be included in his parts
on the above groups, which had already been published. These forms
are to bé fully described at some future time in a supplement to the
Biologia. No localities whatever accompany the short diagnoses.

I desire to offer the following notes on these species :—
PHASIIDA.

Trichopoda nitidiventris, g, is described as having the cilia of hind
tibize black with yellow tips. This must be a quite divergent form, since
it is the first one known with the tibial cilia varicoloured. It is also very
distinct from the previously known forms in having the abdomen shining
black with a rufous anus.

T. alipes, S, seems to be different from the described species, inas-
much as the tip of the wing, as well as the hind border, is broadly
hyaline.

T: squamipes, gd, seems quite distinct in its yellowish rufous scutellum
and abdomen. 7? Aistrio, Wik. (trifasciata, Liv. ),is the only species
known to me with a yellowish, or other than a nearly black, scutellum.

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

T. nigripes, & 2, must be near 7: pennipes. It is smaller, however,
and the face and front are whitish instead of golden-yellow.
HomocEn!a, nov. genus, v. d. W.

This genus must be closely allied to either Xysta,or Phasia. It is
described as similar to Z77ichopoda, but with apical cell open, and cilia of
hind tibize short and less conspicuous. ‘This name is preoccupied
(Homogenes) by.Thomson in Coleoptera. I propose, therefore, that the
genus be known as 77ichopododes, from its close relationship with Z7écho-
poda, as shown by its somewhat less ciliate hind tibia. Three species of
it are described, from 7 to 11 mm. long. They are: Zyrichopododes
rufipes, 2 ; 7. latipennis, § 9 3 and Ti nigroscutellata, é.

Hyalomyia munda, §, seems distinct in the whole body being thickly
covered with a yellowish-gray tomentum.

H. villosa, &, also seems distinct in its dense yellowish pilosity.

H. hebes, &, iS apparently distinct in the shorter yellow pilosity.

H. ochriceps, 3, seems very close to Hf. enetventris, Will.

H. argenticeps, £,is also apparently very near 47. enecventris, Will. I
do not see why the front in the above five male specimens is described to
be as broad as, or broader than, the eyes, unless the anterior triangular por-
tion ofthe front ismeant. Butthis interpretation is precluded by the next five
specimens being indicated as females, all of which are described as having
the front trigonal and the eyes but little separated on the vertex. I do
not know of any /Zya/omyias which have the front as broad as the eyes,

H. nigrens, ¢, does not apparently differ much from AZ. punctigera.
Twns., so far as can be gathered from the short description.

H. piceipes, 9, may be a valid species.

HZ merens, 2, 18 quite near A. purpurascens, Twns. The wings,
however, of the latter are not brown, but whitish.

H. umbrosa, 2, is a similar but larger species.

H. umbrifera, 2, 1s allied to . punctigera, Twns.

GYMNOSOMATID&.

Cistogaster ruficornis, 3, seems to be Gymnosoma filiola, Liv., g.
C. melanosoma, §, 1s probably C. padllaszz, Twns.

C. subpetiolata, 2, seems only a variety of C. padlasi, Twns.

C. propingua, P, seems very near C. tmmaculata, Mcq., @.

C. grisconigra, 9, may be same as C. occidua, Walk., ?.

C. ferruginosa, £,18 probably C. smmaculata, Mcq., 6.

C. kirticallis, &, is doubtless C. occtdua, Wik., 6.

C. variegata, &, seems to be only a variety of preceding.

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167

OCYPTERID.

Ocyptera signatipennis, &. is probably Ceyptera euchenor, Wik.
XANTHOMELANA, nov. genus, v. d. W.

This genus must be very similar to Ocyftera, differing only by the
curved, not angulated, fourth vein, and the shortly petiolate apical cell,
with the petiole ending at the wing’s tip. This name is also preoccupied
(Xanthomelon, Mart., Moll., 1860), and may be changed to XANTHOME-
LANODES. Six species are described, from 4% to 7% mm. long. They
are :-—Xanthomelanodes articulata, ¢ ; X. rubicunda, &(?); X. dorsalis,
g 29; X trigonalis, g ; X. gracilenta, § Q ; and X. anceps, S.

PHANIID.
CLINOGASTER, nov genus, v. d. W.

This genus must bear a striking resemblance to Hemyda, differing
almost wholly in the short petiolate, instead of open, apical cell, and in
the fourth vein being bent at an angle. It belongs apparently in the
Ocypteride, however, and not in the Phaniide, as indicated by the
elongate and incurvate abdomen.

Clinogaster notabilis, 2, type of the genus, must be very similar in
size and appearance to Hemyda aurata.

PENTHOSIA, nov, genus, v, d. W.

This genus is erected by Mr. van der Wulp for Scopolia satanica,
Bigot (Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1888, p. 254). Mr. van der Wulp has been
kind enough to send me a specimen of this species, labelled: “ Omilteme,
Guerrero, 8,ooo0 ft. July. H. H. Smith.” It is a well-marked genus,
bearing much structural resemblance to Ocyftera, but differing at once in
its well-formed palpi, and its intensely and evenly black colour. It
should, I think, also be included in the Ocyfter7de. Both this genus and
Clinogaster exhibit a closer relationship with Ocyffera than do any of the
other American genera of Ocyfteride, by virtue of their petiolate
apical cell.

To sum up:

The above 4 new genera appear to be quite distinct and valid. The
species of TZyrichopoda appear to be distinct from those previously
described. The /Yyalomyias, at least the most of them, are doubtless
valid species. This is not to be wondered at, since the genus Hya/omyia
is rich in forms, It is more remarkable, however, that 4 new species of
Trichopoda should turn up at this late day, and in a single collection.

168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

When we come to the genus Cvsfogaster, and find 8 new species, we
may well be astonished. ‘This genus has never before been turned up in
Mexico, or anywhere in tropical America. Though most numerous in
individuals in most parts of the United States, there were heretofore but
3 species to be distinguished, and these might easily all be considered but
forms of a single variable species. Bearing this in mind, we are wholly
unprepared for such a sudden increase in the number of species, and may
well doubt their validity. With the single exception of the first species
(C. ruficornis), they are probably all referable to the three already known
species. From the description of C. ruficornis, | cannot resist the con-
clusion that Mr. van der Wulp has mistaken Gymnosoma filiola, Liv., for
a Cistogaster.

Of course it is difficult, and to a certain extent uncertain, to judge of
these forms from the brief diagnoses alone that have so far appeared.
For this reason I feel called upon to delay the publication of Part 1. of
the Monograph of North American Tachinidee, referred to in Psyche, Jan.,
1893, until the Biologia supplement appears giving fuller descriptions of
these species with drawings.

If any of the above comments prove to be erronecus in their conclu-
sions, I shall be most happy to amend them.

DESCRIPTION OF THE GRUBS OF CHRYSOMELA
EXCLAMATIONIS.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND.

This species is quite common in New Mexico, where it feeds on the
native sunflower (A/e/ianthus sp.). On August 7, 1892, at Belen, N.
Mex., I found the native /elianthus annuus badly infested with the
adults and numerous light green grubs of this species, which were eating
the leaves extensively. From these grubs the following description Is

f=)

drawn :—

/

Length, 51% to 7 mm.; greatest

Larva (about full grown).
width, 4 to 414 mm.; greatest thickness, 3 to 344 mm.; width
ri
é

of prothoracic segment, 2 to 24% mm.; of head, 4 mm. Colour
wholly light’ green, except head and legs, which are slightly
tinged with brownish; eyes, antennee and jaws, brown. Shape
subpyriform, curvate, very strongly convex dorsally ; slightly concave

ventrally in lateral profile, but a little convex in longitudinal profile ;

es

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169

tapering anteriorly to head, stout posteriorly, coming suddenly to
a point at anal extremity. Transversely wrinkled, both above
and below. Consisting of thirteen segments, head chitinous, other
segments fleshy, the prothoracic segment hardly less so. Nearly
naked, clothed only with a few very sparsely distributed hairs, somewhat
more numerous on the prothoracic segment and head. Head semi-circu-
lar in outline from above, not retracted, narrower than prothoracic seg-
ment ; second, third, fourth, and fifth segments each successively wider
than its predecessor, and increasing at about the same rate ; segments 6 to
8 about same width, a little wider than 5 ; 9 to 12 narrowing successively,
each with greater rapidity than its predecessor; 13 very small. Pro-
thoracic segment a little longer than head; segment 3 (in wrinkled
condition of alcoholic specimens) about two-thirds length of second, the
following segments increasing very slightly to the somewhat greater length
of 6 tog; 10 and 11 successively a little shorter ; 12 and 13 very short,
of about equal length, 13 bearing a blunt subbifid anal proleg. All the
segments with a few short hairs on lateral edges, varying in number
usually from 3 to 5, second segment and head with more. Eyes repre-
sented by six prominent brown or blackish, often glistening, simple eyes
on each side of the head, four of them arranged in a transverse diamond
just posterior to antenna and a little removed inwardly from edge of
head ; the other two situated on edge of head, more separated, one
ventrad of the antenna and the other ventrad of the upper four. Antenne
small, situated in an excavation and somewhat sunken, 3-jointed ; first
joint stout, cylindrical, hardly as long as broad ; second joint less than
one-half the diameter of first, not as long: third joint nearly as wide as
second, hardly as long. Labrum twice as wide as long, front border
hollowed out, bearing two bristles on its dorsal surface, clypeus appear-
ing as a long transverse narrow strip posterior to labrum. Mandibles
stout, 5-toothed on the blunt apical portion, Maxilla well-developed.
Maxillary palpi 4-jointed, first joint short ; second a little shorter than
first, but nearly same diameter ; third longer than first, narrower than
second, cylindrical ; fourth conica!, almost as long as third, not as wide
at base as third, and tapering evenly to a point. Labial palpi 2-jointed ;
basal joint stout, tubercular, hardly as jong as wide, subcylindrical ; the
second joint conical, hardly as wide at base, and hardly longer than basat
joint. A spiracle (the mesothoracic) on lower antericr portion of third
segment ; 5 to r2 with a spiracle on lateral portion dorsad of the lateral

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ridge which separates the tergum from the venter on these segments ; the
thoracic segments extend farther ventrad on the sides. Legs apparently
4-jointed, corneous, first two joints mote or less amalgamated, fourth
shorter than third, terminated by a hooked claw.

Described from many alcoholic specimens. Belen, N. Mex. August 7.

A LIST OF SPECIES OF DIPTERA FROM SAN DOMINGO.
BY S. W. WILLISTON, LAWRENCF, KANSAS.

Some years ago I received a small collection of diptera from San
Domingo, made by Mr. I. Frazar, a list of the species of which it is
composed I herewith give. Hitherto scarcely two score species have
been recorded from the island. The habitats followed by an exclama-
tion point are given from specimens which I have examined :—

1. Odontomyia, sp.

Cyphomyla, sp.

3. Lepidoselaga crassipes, Fabr. South America! Mexico! Cuba.
4. Chrysops costatus, Fabr. South America! Cuba.

5. Chrysops Frasari, Will.

6. Zabanus parvulus, Will.

7. LZabanus fenestra, Will.

8. Plesiomma lineata, Fabr. St. Thomas.

9. Laphria ruficauda, Williston, Cuba !

10. Andrenosoma chalybea, Will. Cuba!

tt. Atonia Mikii, Will.

12. Proctacanthus rufiventris, Maco. Honduras. Porto Rico.
13.. Lrax, Sp,

14. Ommatius vitreus, Bigot.

15. Psilopus chrysoprasius, Walker. Cuba! Brazil! Porto Rico.
16. Plagioneurus univitatius, Loew. South America! Cuba.
17. Muicrodon pulcher, Will.

18. AZesogramma aurulentum, Will.

19. Syrphus simplex, Loew. Cuba.

20. Ocyplamus dimidiata, Fabr. Brazil! Mexico!

21. Ocyptamus latiusculus, Loew. Cuba.

22. Ocyptamus fasciatus, Roeder. Porto Rico.

23. Eristalis atrimanus, Loew. Cuba.

24. Eristalis albifrons, Wied. Brazil! Mexico! United States! Port Rico,
25. ELristalis hortorum, Fabr.

to

>

i a a ee, ig i ee ee eee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Vil

26. Volucella obesa, Fabr. Cosmopolitan.

27. Pteroptila cincta, Drury. Jamaica.

28. Phrissopoda praeceps, Fabr. South America.

29. Lucilia, sp.

30. Compsomyia macellaria, Fabr. Brazil! Mexico! United States !
31. Dexia, sp.

32. Morinia, sp. nov.

33. Limophora, sp.

34. Belvosia Van der Wulpi, Will.

35. Blepharipeza leucophrys, Wied. Brazil! United States! Porto Rico.

36. Jurinia. ‘Two species.

37. furinia apicifera, Walker. United States !

38. Zrichopoda pennipes, Fabr. Brazil! United States !

39. Lrichopoda, sp.

40. Sipedon macropus, Walker. Cuba. Jamaica. Porto Rico.

41. Calobata laseiva, Fabr. South America! Cuba! United States !
Porto Rico.

42. LVotiphila, n. sp.

Fem. Flavo-cinerea, facie flava, antennarum articuli tertii basi
rufa, thoracis dorso vittis quingue humerisque brunneis; abdomen brun-
neum vitta media maculisque cinereis; pedes nigri, tibits tarsisque
posterioribus et tibiarum anticarum basi apiceque luteis.

REICH S LYRE Ss OK IN. AG MEMBRACID AL.
F. W. GODING, M, D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILLINOIS.

During a recent visit to the city of Washington, through the kindness
of Prof. C. V, Riley and his courteous assistants, I had the pleasure of
examining typical examples of some of the Membracidz described by Dr.
Asa Fitch, the labels being in Dr. Fitch’s own handwriting. Each speci-
men is numbered to agree with those given in the doctor’s manuscript
note-books, now in the possession of Dr. Riley and the Boston Society of
Natural History. No. 11793 and 59782 are labelled Ze/amona acclivata,
Fh. ; on the label he states : “like cristata, Fm., but hind lobe rounded, not
angular.” This is Hediria cristata, Fm., 2. No. 3109 is the typical ex-
ample of Ze/amona querci, Fb. It is usually seen in coliections labelled
monticola, Kab., on whose authority I do not know. It is much smaller
than that species and entirely different. I believe it to be a good species.
It is a male. No. 2132, labelled Atyta irrorata, Mels., is Zelamona

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

irrorata, Godg., described first in Bul. Hl. Lab. Nat. Hist., Vol. 3. It is
the only description ever published. Ne. 2133, labelled Ze/amona
concava, Fh., 2, and apparently identical with No. 12727, a male. There
is a beautifully coloured @ of this species in the collection of the Depart:
ment of Agriculture, light and dark blue-green.

No. 3907 is 7elamona tristis, Fh., 9, and another smaller example
doubtless the same. With these is a coxy/?, Fh., 2, which I believe to be
the same species as suggested by Van Duzee.

No. 2152, labelled Ledra perdita and capra, Mels., is Centruchus Lie-
beckit, Godg.

No. 6276, is AZicrocentrus carve, ¥h., g, and No. 1878 is @. This
species was erroneously referred, by Fitch, to the genus Uvroxiphus.
The female is about one-fourth larger then the male.

No. 6926 is labelled Cyrtosia fenestrata, Fh., 2. It is the only
example I have seen that agrees with Iitch’s description “tip of the
thorax reaching beyond the terminal cells of the elytra.” In all the
examples in my own collection the tip of prothorax barely reaches the
terminal cells, while Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, a careful student and successful
collector, informs me that all the specimens he has seen agree with my own,

No. 11764 is labelled Cyrtosia fuliginosa, 9 , described and figured in
Emmon’s valueless work on the Insects of New York. The dorsum 1s
dark-brown with an arcuated yellow stripe on each side ; legs yellow.

No. 3038 is labelled Cyrtosia discoidalis, 9; also No. 4837.
Described in Emmon’s werk. No. 11763 is Cyrtosia pallidifrontis of the
same author and doubtless the same.

No. 11777 = Cyrtosia maculifrontis, and No. 4536= Cyrtosia cine-
reum of the author’s.

There are many other examples of this genus [ Cyrfoséa being pre-
occupied, I have given to this genus the name Cyrtolobus| in the collection
under various manuscript names, such as nigra, punctifrontis, tricineta,
etc., Which may be distinct species, but I am inclined to the opinion that
they are variations of a single species and that species may be Vau of Say.

There are several examples of the genus Op/7derma in the collection,
under the manuscript names wigripennis, arguata, rectineura, flaviguttula,
bicincta, nigriventris, dimidiata, columbis, erc., which I believe are varia-
tions of not more than two species.

In the collection are to be found examples of Platycotis g-vittata,
Say, = 4-/ineata, Germ. Itisa dimorphic species, as has been proven by
Prof. Riley and Mr, Ashmead, the anterior horn being present in the one
and wanting in the other. Both forms are represented in the Fitch

collection and in my own cabinet.

;
,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 173

NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA.—ILI.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, -ITHACA, N. Y.

The genus /afyx has been of particular interest because of the
apparent absence of rudimentary abdominal appendages. One American *
writer says very decidedly, “/apyx has none”; a well-known English ‘i
writer considers these appendages as “represented by mere groups of
stiff hairs.” The presence of these appendages was indicated as early as
1869, by Brauer, { in his description of Japyx gigas. In 1889 there
appeared a very important paper by Haase §, in which the rudimentary
appendages are distinctly shown. ‘These appendages can easily be seen
in either of the species described below.

JAPYX SUBTERRANEUS, Pack.

1874, Japyx, Packard, Amer. Nat., VIIL., 5or.

Head quadrangular, not broader than long. Antenne about thirty
joints. Prothorax narrower than the head, truncate in front. Abdomen
gradually broader behind, segments marked on each side with whitish
dots, arranged in the form of a figure six ; segments one to six rounded at
the sides, the seventh slightly emarginate behind, posterior angles pro-
duced, not spinate, eighth subequal’to the seventh, longer than the sixth,
slightly emarginate behind, sides straight ; ninth segment one-third the
length of the eighth, posterior angles not produced ; the tenth segment
and forceps subequal in length, together equal in length to the four pre-
ceding segments. Right arm of the forceps broader than the left, with a
stout tooth on the inner margin near the middle; in front of this tooth
the inner margin is convex with four small tubercles, adjacent to the
tooth, beyond the tooth the arm is concave and armed with tubercles to
the apex. The left arm is broadest at base, becoming gradually narrower
till a little beyond the middle, where there is a large tooth-like tubercle,
in front of this tubercle the arm is concave and armed with seven to
eight small tubercles ; beyond the tubercle the arm is convex and armed
with very small tubercles.

* Packard, Standard Natural History., II, 1884, 137.
+ Lubbock., Monog. Collem, and Thys., 1873, 205.
+ Brauer, Verh. Zool.—bot. Ges. Wien, XIX., 1869, 557.

§ Haase, Die Abdominalanhange der Insekten mit a ee der Myriopo-
den, Morphol, Jahr., XV., 1889, 330-435; pls. XIV.-

174 THE CANADIAN ENECMOLOGIST.

Length, 12-14 mm. ; length of the antenne, 4 mm. ; length of the
abdomen, 8 mm.; length of the last abdominal segment and the for-
ceps, 2 mm.

Habitat: Kentucky (Packard), District of Columbia (Nathan Banks).

JAPyx AMERICANUS, 5p. NOV.

Head transverse, broader than long. Antenne twenty-four jointed,
segments one to five cylindrical, subequal ; the following segments thicker,
spherical. Prothorax nearly as broad as the head, concave in front.
Abdomen gradually broader behind, segments immaculate. Segments
one to six rounded in the sides behind; the seventh emarginate behind,
posterior angles produced into stout spines, pointing inward; the eighth
segment equal to the seventh, subequal to the sixth, very slightly emargi-
nate behind, posterior angles slightly produced, not spinate; ninth
segment one-fourth the length of the eighth, posterior angles slightly pro-
duced ; tenth segment and forceps subequal in length, together equal to
the four preceding segments. Right arm of the forceps scarcely broader
than the left, with two large tubercles on the inner margin, one just be-
fore the middle and the other beyond it; in front of the larger tubercle
the inner margin is convex with five smaller equidistant tubercles,
between the larger tubercles the inner margin is straight with six equi-
distant tubercles, beyond the last tubercle the inner margin is concave
with many small tubercles. ‘The left arm is broadest at base, gradually
tapering to the apex; at one-third of the length from the base on the
inner margin there is a large tooth, in front of and adjacent to this tooth
are three smaller tubercles, which are as large as the larger tubercles
of the right arm and with their apices broadly rounding ; beyond the
tooth the inner margin is convex with nine feebly marked tubercles,
giving a crenulated appearance ; beyond these tubercles the inner margin
is simple.

Length, 14 mm. ; length of the antenne, 5 mm. ; length of the abdo-
men, ro mm. ; length of the last abdominal segment and forreps, 3 mm.

Habitat : Olympia, Washington State.

For the discovery of this interesting species science is indebted to Mr.
Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington.

A third species of /apyx has been described from Mexico. It can be
distinguished by its longer antennie, consisting of from forty-five to forty-

eight segments.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175

A NEW ASILID GENUS RELATED TO ERAX.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

Among the species heretofore referred to the genus Erax is a small
group in which the first submarginal cell is divided by an oblique cross
vein into two cells. The venation is similar to that of the genus
Promachus, except that the foremost of the two apical submarginal cells
is shorter, and the third vein curves forward to the costa before the apex
of the wing, instead of curving backward to the hind margin beyond the
apex. The examination of quite a large series of specimens belonging to
this group proves that the characters above mentioned are constant, and
as the genus #rax already contains a large number of species, it 1s
desirable to separate as a new genus those species possessing these
characters. For this group I propose the name #ffer/a, and would
further characterize the genus as follows :—

Efferia, n. gen.—Third joint of antenne provided with a distinct
naked, terminal style ; wings having three submarginal and five posterior
ceils, the marginal, fourth posterior and anal cells closed ; third vein
terminating in the costa before the tip of the wing ; front tibiz destitute
of a claw at the apex ; ovipositor of the female compressed and destitute
of a circlet of spines at the tip.

Two spécies belonging to this group have been described from North
America: anomadis, Bellardi (Saggio, II., 32) and comp/etus, Macquart
(Dipt. Exot. 1,2, 117). The last-named species has not been identified.
My collection contains three apparently undescribed species, which, with
anomadis, may be separated as follows :—

1.—Thorax destitute of a median longitudinal crest of nearly erect

|

hairs . ane EER Oar t e E Ce PIE ha rane
Thorax, provided ath eh a crest; bristles of the palpi
black. . ae , te aes .rava, i. Sp.
2.—Bristles a oat mystax al soutellien Sates tad Sy Teac ogee
Bristles of palpi, scutellum, occiput above, anes sevel cal in lower
part of mystax, black. ae .......anomatlis, Bell.
3.—Abdomen silvery-white Paltncss, aoe neath rather long white pile
parted inthe middle and directed outward. ......candida, n. Sp.
Abdomen grayish-brown pollinose, and not with pile as above
RESCUE Cie Man My crs ks ox <add aS uae beso teen aEAGeSas Oe aS ]Ps

Lifferia pernicis, n.sp., &. Black, the base of the tibize red. Pile and
bristles of entire head yellowish-white, the pollen yellow. First antennal

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

joint nearly twice as long as the second and slightly longer than the third,
style two and a-half times as long as the third joint. Pile of prothorax
long, white, that of mesothorax very short, sparse, black, not forming a
crest, that on the posterior part longer and partly white; dorsal stripes
and spots indistinct, grayish-black ; pile of pleura, legs and scutellum
white, that on the abdomen short, sparse, not parted in the middle where
it is largely black, elsewhere white ; pollen of abdomen nearly uniform
grayish-brown. Inner side of the front and hind tibiz next the tips, and
the under side of their first two tarsal joints, densely beset with rather
short golden-yellow pile. Halteres pale brown. Wings hyaline, small cross-
vein at middle of the discal cell, base of third submarginal cell at last third
to sixth of distance between small cross-vein and apex of discal cell; costa
not enlarged. Hypopygium shining black, but slightly wider near the
apex than at the base, equal in length to the fifth and sixth abdominal

segments united, its pile white, more dense below at the base.

? same as the ¢,except the genitalia; ovipositor slightly longer than

the fifth, sixth and seventh abdominal segments taken.together.

Length, 20 to 24 mm. Los Angeles and San Diego Counties, Cal.
Two males and two females.

Efferia rava. n. sp.— @. Same as pernicis, with these exceptions :
Bristles of front, of upper part of occiput, on under side of antenne, in
lower part of mystax, and those of the palpi, black. Thorax with a
median crest of rather long and nearly black hairs ; the fan-like row of
hairs in front of the halteres mostly black, pile of scutellum also black.
Ovipositor but slightly longer than the sixth and seventh abdominal seg-
ments. Wings yellowish-hyaline.

Texas. <A single female (Morrison).

Efferia candida, n. sp., &. Black, bases of tibie red. Pile and
bristles of entire head white, a few bristles of the occiput sometimes black,
pollen of head silvery-white. Pile of thorax short, sparse, black, not
forming a crest, that behind and on the prothorax longer and mostly
white ; stripes and spots of thorax distinct, black. Pile of pleura, legs,
scutellum and abdomen white, that on the abdomen rather long, parted in
the middle and directed outwardly ; abdomen nearly uniformly silvery-
white pollinose, destitute of black spots; hypopygium shining black,
but slightly wider near the apex than at base, slightly longer than the fifth
and sixth abdominal segments taken together, its pile white. Front and
hind tibiae within next the tips, and under sides of their first two tarsal

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. eer

joints densely short golden-yellow pilose. Wings hyaline, small cross-
vein at middle of discal cell, base of third submarginal cell at last fifth of
distance between small cross-vein and apex of discal cell ; costa not en-
larged. On the anterior part of the second abdominal segment are many
rather large, transversely-elliptical punctures, and similar punctures also
occur on some of the other segments. Antenne similar in structure to
those of pernicis.

@ same as the ¢, except that the pollen of the abdomen is darker,
and the pile is shorter and sparser ; ovipositor as long as the fifth, sixth
and seventh abdominal segments taken together.

Length, 20 to. 25 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. Six males and
four females.

NOTES ON COLLECTING SOME OF THE SMALLER SESIIAD4E
IN THE, LONDON (ENGLAND) DISTRICT.

The one most commonly met with is S. ¢épuliformis, and is to be
found sunning itself on the leaves of the currant bushes at the time when
the fruit is about two-thirds grown, and on a bright sunny morning about
to o’clock, or afternoon about 4 o’clock, one can easily take from six to
twelve in one or two hours. Once I ‘ound them assembling, and took
some thirty or forty in a very short time. It is a little difficult to procure
the larve, as they feed in the two-year-old wood, and, as this is the fruit-
producing part, it is better not to cut it while the owner is about, and when
you can cut, I have found so many blanks that the bushes have suffered
more than the gain warranted.

The next species commonly met with is our red-banded one,
S. myopaeformis, feeding in the bark of apple trees (about six feet from
the ground), and can generally be found in gardens where Zipuliformis
is found. I have never seen this moth at rest, and though one can gener-
ally count on taking several in a morning, one must watch the trunks of
the trees and find them flying round and round, evidently for depositing
eggs ; cutting out the larve without doing much damage to the tree is
hard, as they feed just under the bark.

Our next commonest one is SS. cu/iciformis. For this we must go
to the woods where birch is common; so, taking the train down to
Croydon, ten miles (about the end of April), a two-mile walk brings us to
West Wickham Wood, one of our best in the South London district. We
go through it till we find a part which was cut down two winters back ;

178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

here, having found some nice looking birch stumps with frass showing,
we set to work with a saw to saw off the sides, and so find we have
secured one or two larvze or pup, and in a good afternoon’s work may
perhaps obtain twenty. These we take home and put on wet moss to
prevent drying up, and with care yay in about six weeks breed a good
many. I have found putting them under a bell glass a good way. I have
never taken this insect on the wing.

The next, S. formicaeformis, with its pretty claret-coloured wings,
we find flying in the sun along the sides of the roads which intersect
our osier beds in the Mitcham district (about eight miles out). This
species seems on the wing all the day, and fifteen or twenty is a fair catch.
The larvee can be cut out of the osiers about April, but it is very risky, as
the basket makers have a decided objection to their osiers being cut.

S. chrysidiformis, the handsomest of all our smaller Sesiiadze, with its
bright scarlet wings, was, until some twelve vears ago, most rare, fetching
as much as two and three pounds per pair, but about that time they found
out how to take the larve. Starting from the London Bridge station, on
the S. E. R., we take tickets for Folkestone (town station). Arriving
there after about two and a-half hours’ run, we turn towards the Warren
(a sort of undercliff running along the shore for about three miles), and
after a mile’s walk we get on to the slopes closest to the sea. Having
brought a good, sharp, two-inch chisel with us, we look round for roots of
dock and sorrel; the former we find are very scarce, having been cleared
off by collectors; the latter, however, are still common, and having
selected a good strong one dig it up, and scraping part of the root away
see signs of workings. We put the root into a small sack we have provided
and then search for more. In the course of a day we get a nice lot
together, and upon our arrival home plant them into boxes. Asit is only
April, and the imago will not be out till June, there is now nothing else
to do but to keep them watered and cover over with muslin till about
the end of May. One year, from three days’ work in Folkestone Warren,
I bred about 150 fine imagos.

S. cynipiformis, feeding in oak, is said to occur in Hyde Park, but I
have never been able to find it there. However, I have obtained the
larvee commonly at Tilgate in early May by finding the trunks of large
oaks which have been cut down two winters previous, then ripping off the
bark the larve are found feeding in it. In England the trees are cut off
only four or five inches from the ground, and the moths seem to prefer

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179

these to the growing tree. There, however, appears plenty of sap to
support the larvee till full grown. ‘The only trouble, having got the larve,
is to prevent drying up till time of emergence.

S. tchneumoniformis. have never bred and have only taken it very
sparingly by sweeping the herbage along the edge of cliff at Eastbourne
and Ramsgate. ‘The most I ever took in a day was five.

S. sphegiformis (one of our rarest ones, which is taken every year),
has to be cut out of the alder. About March we take train for Three-
Bridges Station, thirty miles out on the Brighton line. Arriving there we
are soon on the ground and examining the alder stems from one to
four inches thick. When we find workings which would denote larve in
the second year,.we saw off just below and then again about eighteen
inches higher, and if very lucky we may get from ten to thirty sticks in a
day. These have to be kept on moist moss in tin boxes till the middle
of June, when the moth appears. Having a nice @ quite fresh, we are
off by the first train, and having put her in a collar box with muslin on
each side, we nang it to a bough and sit down and wait events. Perhaps
nothing for the first half hour, but what is that buzzing in front of the box?
We get up quickly and see it isa fine ¢. We need no net; he is so in-
tent that we hoid our bottle just behind him and bottle him on the wing.
By this means I took twenty-three in one day. ‘The curious part is, I
never saw them coming until they were quite at the box hovering, and
also that an insect so quick on the wing should not fly off, even when the
bottle is as it were all round it and only the cork to put on.

S. scoliaeformis was taken out of birch fairly commonly at Llangollen,
Wales, some twenty years back, but was quite worked out then, and for
some fifteen years no one had taken it. However, last year in Scotland
I hear it has been taken fairly commonly.

S. philantiformis was added to our list only some ten years back. It
was found by accident feeding in the common thrift on the sea coast in
the west of England, but I have never taken it.

S. vespiformis and S. andreniformis, the two remaining of our smaller
Sesiiade, are of the greatest rarity, and have only been taken singly.

Regarding Zzpudiformis, in 1874 and 1875 I took and saw several in
Mr. B. Gibb’s garden, St. Catharine street, Montreal, among the currant
bushes, and I should think it would be found in any of our old town
gardens now.

LACHLAN GIBB.

180 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A - SUGGESTION AS TO.THE IDENTITY OF CYCNIX DUBIA
WALKER.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, ROXBURY, MASS.

In Vol. XXII., p. 120, of Can. Ent., Prof. Smith cails attention to the
fact that the above name awaits identification, and says: “ ‘There should
be no difficulty in identifying this species, should it turn up.” The moth
was described by Walker as Cycnia, referred by Grote and Robinson to
Phragmatobia, and lastly by Kirby to Estigmene (= Leucarctia). It has
occurred to me that this form has already been turned up, and by Mr.
Bruce, as described in Entom. Amer., Vol. ILI., p. 140, where it was
shown to be a form of Sfrlosoma virginica. Compare the following
descriptions :—

1. By Walker. “Female. Pale brown. Antenne and legs with
whitish tomentum. Thorax fawn colour, whitish behind. Abdomen some-
what ferruginous, with three stripes of black spots. Wings with two
oblique, incomplete, indistinct, brown bands, composed of blackish spots.
Forewings with whitish veins. Length of body, 5 lines; of wings, 16
lines. Hudson’s Bay.”

2. By G. & R. “ Wings semi-translucent, brown or mouse colour ;
veins on both wings whitish above ; eyes margined narrowly with white ;
legs shaded with whitish outwardly ; abdomen with three rows of brown
spots.”

3. By Bruce. ‘“ Head, body and legs sooty brown, small black dorsal
spots on body; all the wings brownish mouse colour. The veins on fore-
wings distinctly white.”

Mr. Bruce adds :—‘“ If my friend had not preserved the eggs, and I
had not reared the larvee, this would certainly have been named as a new
species, and would have been a standing puzzle to entomologists.” If my
surmise be correct, this has taken place.

C. dubia may be provisionally referred as follows :—

SPILOSOMA VIRGINICA, Fabr.

var. DUBIA, Walk.

1856—Walk., C. B. Mus., III., 682, Cycnza.

1868—G. & R., Tr. Am. Ent., Sc., IL, 72, Phragmatobia.

1887—Bruce, Ent. Amer., IIL, 140, Spz/osoma.

18go—Smith, Can. Ent., XXIL, 120, Fhragmatobia.

1892—Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., I., 227, Astigmene.

]
:
‘
4
;
]
:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181

A NEW LAC-INSECT FROM JAMAICA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

The lac-producing Coccide are usually referred to the genus Carteria,
Signoret, but as this name is pre-occupied in Protozoa, Signoret (Bull.
Soc. Ent. Fr., 1886) substituted for it the term Zachardia. The known
species referable to this genus are five, namely :—

1. Zachardia lacca (Kerr.) India, on 43 species of plants of 18 natural
orders (Watt, Dict. Econ. Prod. India, II., 1889, p. 409-412) ; British
Guiana, on Erythroxylon ( Timehri, Dec. 1890, p. 308).

2. Tachardia larree (Comst.), Arizona, on Larrea. (Rep. U.S. Dept.
Agr., 1882).

3. Lachardia mexicana (Comst.), Tampico, Mexico, on A/imosa.
(Rep. U. S. Dept. Agr., 1882).

4. Lachardia melaleuce (Maskell), Australia, on AZe/aleuca, &c. (Tr.
WZ. Enst’, 1391).

5. Zachardia acacie (Maskell), Australia, on Acacia. (Tr. N. Z.
Inst., 1891).

To these may now be added a sixth, as follows :—

6. Zachardia gemmifera,n. sp.. Kingston, Jamaica, on Chrysobalanus
tcaco, Linn.

Some months ago, Mr. H. Vendryes directed my attention to a Coccid
which was damaging a Coco Plum in his garden, and kindly gave me
some twigs with many scales upon them. ‘These were evidently referable
to a new Zachardia, which I call gemmiéfera, on account of the ruby-like
prominence on the dorsum of the scale. The female scales (if the cover-
ing of lac can properly be so called) are subglobular, shiny, crimson-
black, with a crimson ruby-like prominence on the centre of the back,
best seen in somewhat immature examples. There are also one or two
dorso-lateral prominences, more or less obscure. Sides with 4 or 5 keel-
like folds. ‘There is a conspicuous subdorsal aperture.

Length of scale, 5 mill. ; diam., 5 mill. ; alt., about 4 mill.

The scales are extremely hard, but will fracture if sufficiently pressed ;
sides of scale crimson by transmitted light.

The lac when heated melts to a substance about the colour of guava
jelly, which turns crimson on the application of caustic soda: this
colour-change is most marked.

The femadze is very broad oval, almost circular, posteriorly bluntly
angled. On breaking open a scale, it is seen not to be completely filled

182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

by the body of the female. In the cavity, besides the ?, is a quantity of
white secretion, breaking into short strap-shaped fragments. None of this
appears externally. There are also more hair-like white fragments, some
of which may be seen protruding from the produced tubular organs, This
white secretion is no doubt analogous to the ovisac, as in it I found larvee.

The made scave is cylindrical, rather over 1 mill. long, dull dark
crimson. ‘There is an anterior dorsal ridge, leading to a mid-dorsal
swelling. Hind end truncate. Front end with a largle hole, where the ¢
has escaped; or, when the ¢ has not escaped, this is covered by a flat
lid or cap.

The Zarve, as observed in numbers on the bark of the twig, are
crimson, elongate, with the segmentation distinct ; sides with a longitu-
dinal furrow. Caudal hairs about 23 length of body, free from secretion.
These hairs arise some distance apart, and immediately caudad of each is
a small elongated process or tubercle ; between these, and terminating
the body, is a short, white, opaque caudal stylus, which is distinctly bifid,
and no doubt consists of the anal hairs covered by secretion. ‘This
arrangement is suggestive of Dactylopius.

The last joint of each antenna bears two long hairs, longer than the

whole antenna ; this is also the case with the larva of Maskell’s Carteria

melaleuce. ’

The claws have short knobbed digitules ; and the tarsus presents the
usual pair of knobbed hairs, which are very long. The tibia seems quite
as long as the femur, and the tarsus is vevy little shorter than the tibia.
There are some short stiff hairs about the base of the legs.

Maskell remarks (Indian Mus. Notes, Vol. II., No. 1, p. 62), on the
almost invariable rule that in larval Coccidz the tarsus is longer than the
tibia. This, however, is not the casein Erischiton cajani, Mask. ; and a
further exception is presented by Zachardia, in which, at least in Z. gem-
mifera and T. melaleuce, the tibia of the larva is slightly longer than the
tarsus.

On placing some of the 2 scales in soda, I found fragments of a
Chalcidid parasite, which seems to belong to the genus Aphycus. The
antenne present the following characters: Scape long, with an apparent
false joint near its base, its upper part zoned with brown ; pedicel about
twice as long as broad; the following 6 joints moniliform, increasing
regularly in size, the first three joined together, the last three more
separated and bearing whorls of hairs. Club large, brown (the joint just

~

SS mp eet

~ Sa aa aaa...

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183

before it is colourless), and consisting of three joints. The middle tibia
has two brown zones, and a large thick spur. The ovipositor projects
but slightly beyond the abdomen, and bears on each side of its tip a small
brush of hairs.

Tachardia gemmifera must, I think, be regarded as an injurious insect,
since it affects the Coco Plum rather seriously. The lac is so small in
quantity that it would probably not pay to collect and prepare it.

Institute of Jamaica, Kingston,

Jamaica, Dec. 27, 1892.

NOTES ON TAXONUS NIGRISOMA AND T. DUBITATUS.
BY J. G. JACK, JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS.

The following notes of observations of some stages of these two little
saw-flies are fragmentary and incomplete, but they are now given as they
may be of some assistance to others working upon this group of insects.

Taxonus nigrisoma, Nort., Larva.—The fully grown larva is cylindri-
cal, and 1o to 12 millimeters long. It is of a pale green colour above,
very slightly darker towards the sides above the spiracles, the spiracle
line being marked by very minute dark dots one to each segment ; and
the under side (including the abdomina! or prop legs) is of a dull whitish
colour.

The upper part of the head is dark brown, shading from pale brown
to whitish on the face and whitish beneath. °

The eyes are black and prominent ; antennz small, six-jointed and
light brownish coloured ; and the mouth parts dark.

The thoracic legs are of a dull white colour, generally bearing more or
less easily distinguishable narrow smoky brown or dark markings on the
outer side of the apical segments, the strong, simple, terminal claws
usually having a dark brown or black tip.

When they ceased feeding at full growth the larvae abandoned the
leaves of their food plant, which was Polygonum Muhlenbergii, Watson,
and prepared for pupating by boring into the green stems of the food
plant or sometimes into some such substance as partially decayed wood
if it happened to be in the vicinity. In these burrows pupation takes
place without the formation of any cocoon. The pupa is uniformly
yellowish-white in colour, the dark eyes showing prominently.

Within a week or two after entering their burrows the insects emerge
as saw-flies, Both larve and pupw were yery much parasitized by

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Pimpla pterelas, Say, of which species I have bred both the males and
females, the latter being by far the most abundant.

Apparently, the male imago of Zaxonus nigrisoma has not been
described, but it does not differ from the female in general appearance,
except by its much smaller size.

Collected and observed in the Arnold Arboretum, at Jamaica Plain,
Mass., in June, 1890: the saw-flies noted as emerging from the stems of
the Polygonum about June 30 and some days later. For the determina-
tion of the food plant I am indebted to Prof. William Trelease.

Taxonus dubitatus, Nort. The larvie of this species are of a light
grass-green colour, so that it is not an easy matter to detect them when
resting on the fronds of the Sensitive Fern (Oxoclea sensibilis) upon which
they feed. I have bred the saw-flies from the larvee, but made no critical
notes as to peculiar markings, if any exist. There are certainly no spots
or markings Jarge enough to be noticeable by a casual look, the whole
effect being green.

The saw-tlies of this species appear as early as the latter part of May
and the beginning of June, and are also very abundant about the fern
early in July, so that there must be at least two, and possibly more,
broods. ‘The males were seen in greatest abundance.

When at rest both males and females fold their legs and antenne, and
drop to the ground on very slight alarm.

Collected and observed at Jamaica Plain, Mass., in 18go.

NOTE ON COPIMAMESTRA AND EULEPIDOTIS.
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY.

In discovering a North American representative ot the European
Brassice, | proposed for this latter and our Occédentis the generic ttle
Copimamestra, based on the tibial claw. In the Philadelphia List the
term Barathra is resuscitated out of Htibner’s Verzeichniss, p. 218, for
the genus, but incorrectly. Hubner refers two species, Brassice and
Albico/or, to his genus, and I was free to use for one of them the new
term. I need not state that Hubner took no note of the structure of
Brassice, and that AZdicolor differs structurally. I must therefore insist
that Copimamestra be used for the two species Brassice and Oceidentis
under the laws of scientific nomenclature.

In the Canapian Enromotocist, when discussing Hubner’s figures
of North American Noctuide in the Zutraege, I drew attention to his

:
;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185

illustration of Eu/epidotis alabastraria, figs. 311, 312, which he states
to be from Savannah, Georgia, l. c. 22. It is probable that the locality
is incorrect, and that this species is not found in North America. I have
identified it in the Bremen Museum from South America. The insect is
not a Geometrid, but belongs to Guenée’s genus Fadindia, and is
described in the Spec. Gen., VI., 275, from Brazil. It seems, therefore,
likely that Hubner’s locality is incorrect, while Guenée makes no note
upon the subject.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CERTAIN LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR.
(Continued from page 160. )
Tchthyura vau Fitch.

Fgg.—The colour of the unhatched eggs is deep purplish-pink, pale
around the bottom ; slightly shining.

First stage-—Head bilobed, bearing a few hairs; shining black ;
width .45 mm. Dorsum broadly bluish-white, except the black
cervical shield and anal plate and joints 5 and 12, which latter
are hardly enlarged, coloured vinous-brown. Whole lateral area
also brown but paler, and broken into patches. Feet black out-
wardly. Hair fine, very long laterally, pale, darker dorsally, arising
singly from black conical tubercles with the normal arrangement. The
body is minutely dotted with brown (under a half-inch objective) and
there are no hairs present except those from the tubercles. The hairs are
simple, not glandular nor branched. The cervical shield is elongated
transversely, with a central constriction.

Second stage-—Head bilobed, median suture deep at vertex but
shallow in front ; head flattened before, slightly wider than high. Colour,
shining black, with some hairs ; width 7 mm. Body flattened, wider than
high, the dorsal region pale yellow, with the tubercles of rows 1 and 2
darker yellow and three narrow brown lines. The enlarged dorsal por-
tion of joints 5 and 12 and the whole lateral area is deep vinous-brown.
Cervical shield and anal plate blackish, but not so distinct and corneous
as before. From the tubercles arise singly long hairs, and many others
arise from little elevations on the body ; but these are much shorter.

[We regret that the above note, completing the description, did not
reach us in time for insertion in its proper place in the June number.—

Ep. C. E.]

L386 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CORRESPONDENCE.

HEPIALUS 4—GUTTATUS.

Sir: The statement on page 125 of Can. Env. for May, that ¢-guttatus

is a synonym of the typical argenteomacu/atus, is incorrect. The type
form of the latter is the smaller not pinkish form, and is the argenteo-
maculata of the Reports on Ins. Inj. to Vegetation. The form ¢-guttatus
is apparently that figured in ‘Lake Superior” by Agassiz. So far as I
am able to judge from the short description, in which the colour seems
to coincide with 4-guftatus, the writers have apparently redescribed my
g-guttatus. A. R. GROTE.

ARGYNNIS ASTARTE.

Sir; It may interest your readers to know that Argynnis astarte
= Victoria, W. H. Edw., Can. ENtT., XXIIL, 198, fide Strecker, Ent.
News, Nov., 182, p. 218) Double-Hew., which was rediscovered last year
by Mr. Bean in the Rocky Mountains near Laggan, is, as far as I can
judge from the single specimen he has been good enough to send me, a
very near ally, and perhaps not separable from A. amphilochus of
Menetries, a species which appears to be either very rare or very local near
the head waters of the Amur river in Siberia. My specimen is smaller
and paler than AmpAzlochus, but every marking seems to be identical in
position. It is quite probable that when the northern extension of the
Rocky Mountains has been explored, this species will be found at lower
elevations, as I learn from Mr. Bean that he took it at 8,500 feet.

W. J. Etwes, Colesborne, Andoverstord, Gloucestershire, England.

P. S.—I may add that I have still spare copies of my revisions of the
genera Argyunis and Frebia, which I shall be gladto send to anyone who
wants them in Canada or the States.

LITHOPHANE ORIUNDA.

Sir,—On the 24th of Sept., 1892, I found, in the vicinity of London,
a moth new to me. It was resting in an upright position, on the stalk of
a weed, quite fresh, as if it had but recently emerged. Its thoracic crest
and tufts stood out conspicuously, which, with its gracefully curved and
pointed wings, at once suggested a Lithophane; but its colour and mark-
ings were so different from what I had been accustomed to in that genus,
that I hesitated to decide upon it as such.

In November I sent it with other material to Prof. J. B. Smith for

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187

identification. He pronounced it to be a Xyéiza without doubt, but
retained it for further investigation. On the 6th of March, 1893, I
received a letter from him conveying what was to me the gratifying infor-
mation. that it had proved to be X. ovéunda, on comparison with a typical
specimen in the U.S. National Museum. I had long desired to obtain a
specimen of Ordunda, and made inquiries for it of those with whom I
exchanged, but none of my correspondents had ever met with it. Zztho-
phanes have been one of my favourites, and my interest in this one was
specially awakened by reading in the CanapiaN ENTomotocist, Vol. 7,
p. 188, a quotation made by Mr. Grote from a letter received by him
from Mr. Norman, where, after giving the names of the Lithophanes he
had taken at Orillia, he adds, “and that lovely Orzunda a single speci-
men,” that quotation constituting the whole of my knowledge of the
insect until recently.

The original description by Mr. Grote is to be found in the Bulletin
of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Vol. 2, p. 160, which I copy
in full for the benefit of those of your readers who may not have the vol-
ume to refer to :—

“ LITHOPHANE OrIUNDA, Grote. Allied to Z. Lethunez, and belong-
ing to the typical group of the genus. Distinct, intense. even, somewhat
purpiy-brown. Forewings concolorous, with the costal edge shaded with
whitish to the t. p. Hine, and interrupted by oblique brown streaks indicat-
ing the transverse lines. Reniform and orbicular spots more or less
shaded with whitish, shaped as in Z. Bethunez. Claviform distinctly out-
lined in black, large. Subterminal line alone distinctly indicated by pale
points. The median dentate lines more or less lost in the ground colour.
Veins terminally indistinctly black marked opposite pale dots on the
brown dentate fringes. Secondaries dark fuscous, with a warmer shade
on the fringes. Beneath paler, shaded with reddish, with a distinct dis-

cal spot on the paler hind-wings and a common line. On the primaries
the pale costal dots are evident on both surfaces. Expanse, 34 m.m.
Canada, Mr. Wm. Saunders, No. 960.

“Colour like Z. ferreadis, but darker, with the subterminal line more
even, the orbicular smaller, and the costal discoloration paler and more
distinctly contrasted and limited.”

This description is dated Sept., 1874.

No mention is made of the number of specimens ithe description is
taken from, and Prof. Saunders does not now recollect the number of
specimens captured by him, but knows that they were but few; perhaps
not more than three. It would be very interesting if the number of speci-

188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

mens to be found in collections could be known. So far as my inform-
ation goes, it stl remains an exclusively Canadian species.
J. Atston Morrar.
UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS.

Sir Concerning Prof. Smith’s note on page 164 of June Can. Enr.,
it is, perhaps, unprofitable to enter into a discussion as to whether the
generic names from Hubner’s Tentamen should be adopted or not ; but,
as far as our Bombyces are concerned, there are only four of these names
with which we have to do. They are: (1) Wycteo/a, Hubn., for Sarrothripus,
Curt.; (2) Hypercompa, Hubn., for Zoote, Hubn. (Verz.), for Luprepia
caja, 1ann.; (3) Dasychira, Hubn., for Dasychira, Steph.; (4) MJelalopha,
Hubn., for 7cithyura, Hubn., (Verz.). The third of these introduces
only a change in the name of the author ; Aafrepza cannot stand for casa
anyway, since it must be used for the species of ‘‘ Arctia” according to
Mr. Kirby’s method of fixing types, which seems eminently proper. The
name 4rctia, Schrank, has for its type 4. viddica, Linn., replacing Zpz-
callia, Hubn. Our species, &. vrginalis, by the way, is not congeneric
with 4. vildica, nor with C. dominula, as Kirby puts it; but it seems
hazardous to charge it till the European genera have been revised. If
we discard /Zypfercompa (Hubn., Tent ), for ca7a, the name Zoote (Hubn.,
Verz.), comes next in order. Thus there are only two of the Tentamen
names which supplant names now in use, and only one which supplanis a
name by a different author. It seems to us more satisfactory to adopt these
names and end controversy about them, especially as they have been
adopted by Kirby in his work where the Bombyces of the world are brought
together in a uniform system. We dislike to depart from this standard
without conclusive reason. HARRISON G. Dyar.

AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION.

Sir,—The Henry Edwards Entomological Corresponding Chapter of
the Agassiz Association invites entomological students who read this
notice to join its ranks. Members are expected to keep each other in-
formed of the progress of their work in special lines of study, and to
contribute to the published reports. During the winter one or more
courses in Elementary Entomology will be conducted. ‘The initiation fee
is 50 cents. For further particulars, address the Secretary,

Wituiam L. W. Fie_p, Guilford, Conn.,
(After Oct. 1, Milton, Mass.)

Mailed July 7th,

893. No. 8.

SOME INTERESTING COLOUR-VARIETIES IN THE GENUS
CROSSIDIUS:

BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

While engaged in the re-arrangement of some boxes of Cerambycidz
recently, the peculiar modifications of the ordinarily very simple pattern
of coloration in the genus Crosszdius brought about the desire to see to
what extent and under what circumstances certain of these modifications
were carried on or existent. The results of the studies ensuing thereupon
are presented in the present paper.

The pattern which may be regarded as the typical one, and upon
which all the others are built, either by simple addition or subtraction, is as
follows :—Head black, thorax black with yellow side margins, elytra yel-
low with the humeri and a large elongate common sutural spot black. I
do not wish it understood, however, that this is to be regarded as the
original pattern from which the others have been evolved through the
processes of natural or sexual selection—only as a common plan of
coloration, and one which forms a convenient standard of comparison.

In habit the beetles are diurnal, frequenting flowers of golden-rod and
other yellow-flowered Composite, more especially in the arid regions of
the United States and southward. In our faunal limits the genus is found
from Montana and Oregon to Texas and Southern California, spreading
over a vast extent of territory, and one of great differences in climatic
and atmospheric, as well as ot geologic characters. Under these cir-
cumstances we might well expect to find the genus composed of either
many more or less closely allied species, or one or few very variable ones.
My own experience goes to show that, in this group, those species of
wide distribution offer many interesting variations, and to bring some of
these before the reader I have prepared the accompanying plate, wherein
the body and antenne of the insects are represented in a conventional
manner, and all accuracy of delineation confined to the points under dis-
cussion—the elytral pattern.

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

That the yellow ground colour of most of the species 1s of protective
value, and that the black markings aid in this object by breaking the con-
tinuity of outline, I think no one will contradict who has seen these insects
in their natural homes, whether he be a believer in any of the theories
advanced to account for this phenomenon or not. That the variation
within specific limits is also very great will not be denied by one who has
seen cabinet series from various parts of the country ; but the meaning
of this variation and its co-relations, if such there be, with the multitudin-
ous incidents of food, size, habitat, altitude, temperature and moisture,
are not to be made out at a sitting, but will take years of thought and
labour to demonstrate. The few facts, for the bringing forward of which
the present paper was written, may none the Jess serve a useful purpose
in aiding those whose investigations are of a parallel nature to keep a
sort of check on their own investigations, or to find that the work of
others may help to bear out the conclusions arrived at in their own.

The figures a to 7 of the accompanying plate represent some of the
forms shown by Crossidius pulchel/us trom southern localities. It will be
noticed that the lightest forms, # and z, are both males, while the darkest,
c, @ and e, are females ; the male shown at 7 is, however, darker than the
females shown at a and 4, the pattern resembling more closely that of, g,
though the males with fusiform sutural blotch, 2 and 7, are lighter than
the correspondingly marked females a and 2, this is true also of the male
with shield-shaped spot /7), and its corresponding females, c, @ e, /
and g. The females, among themselves, show an increase in comparative
size of the dark spot with decrease in actual size of the insect, as will be
seen by comparisons of the hair-lines indicating the length of each speci-
men figured. ‘The inference to be drawn here is that the female tends to
the possession of increase of black markings over those of the male, and
that the smaller specimens are likely to be darker than the larger.

Figures g, 7, s and ¢ are of specimens which have been referred to
C. hirtipes, but which I am inclined to consider simply a small form of
C. pulchellus, sce they do not agree with the description of the former
species. These are all females, and do not bear out well the conclusion
which would seemingly be justified by the preceding series that the small
specimens are darkest, since 7 is a lighter form than the larger s. At? is
shown a curiously marked specimen in which the humeral spot is pro-
jonged backward, connecting with the sutural mark at what is, in most
specimens, its antero-lateral angle. This may be compared with fig. e

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191

where a somewhat similar conjunction is brought about, not so much by
the prolongation of the humeral spot as by the extension forward of the
sutural patch.

Figure & represents a form of coloration sometimes seen in the male
of C. longipennis, Casey, of which species a series of fifty specimens, all
from Albuquerque, New Mexico, lies before me. Of these only two of
the males are so heavily marked with black as the figure, while all but two
of the females are darker, the majority tending towards a (but lacking the
humeral spot), while one is almost as dark as g. In this species, as in
pulchellus, the females are the more heavily marked with black, but the
size of my specimens is so constant that no correlation can be traced
between size and colour. It may be worthy of remark, however, that the
specific pattern of coloration involves much less black than that of
C. pulchellus, while the actual size of the insect averages much greater—
an indication of a tendency in large species in this genus to become light-
coloured as well as large individuals of some of the species.

At Z is shown a specimen of C. éntermedius, which will illustrate the
pattern of coloration of.the only specimen I possess. It differs from most
of its congeners in having pale legs and antenne, and inhabits the drier
portions of the southern plains in the same localities, and with the same
habits,as C. pulchel/us, though the range is probably much less extended.

C. nitidicollis, Casey, is represented by figures m and x, and is found
in the neighborhood of Tucson, Arizona, and on the foothills of the
mountains near by. It will be noticed that the male shows very little
black, while the female is quite dark, almost exactly resembling fig. f of
C. pulchelius. Here we find the female, as usual, darker than the male.

In the figures 0 and f, which show the markings of C. discotdeus, a
red and black species, is noticed an extension anteriorly of the sutural
mark, which here reaches the base of the wing covers, with, in one case,
a corresponding increase of the humeral spots which have been spread
over the whole base of the elytra, and become confluent with the sutural
blotch. Both specimens are females, so no sexual comparisons can be
made, though the small specimen is the darker. My specimens are from
the high mountains of Colorado (Cockerell) and from Williams, Arizona,
the latter place at an altitude of between 6,000 and 7,000 feet.

The results of some researches regarding melanism in insects have
lately been published by Mr. J. W. Tutt, of London, England. He
believes that moisture is the chief excitant cause of melanism, and has

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

offered proof to show that among the British lepidcptera the darkest forms
are commonest in the more humid parts of England. Given an excitant
cause, he shows that as moisture in the atmosphere tends to darken the
soil, trees and other natural objects, natural selection would, if not inter-
fered with by opposing forces, tend to perpetuate the melanic forms. ‘This
line of thought has suggested to me the desirability of making some
inquiries regarding the climatic conditions of the different regions from
which my own specimens come. A request for figures stating average
annual precipitation has at once been acceded to by Prof. Mark. W.
Harrington, Chief of the U. S. Weather Bureau, who has kindly sent me
the appended statistics :—

Annual precipitation at Albuquerque, New Mex., 7.19 in. May to Oct, 5.42 in.

i ry Ilelena, Montana, 13.22 in. os ‘< -7.90 in,
es Flagstaff, Arizona, 25.95 in. “> 39.224:
af i. Prescott, Arizona, 17.06 in. “ ‘© §.50 in.

In most of these cases the observations have extended over a number
of years, but the record for Flagstaff, Ariz, has been kept for only seven-
teen months, and Prof. Harrington writes me that it may be too high an
average. My object in getting the figures for the months of May to
October (inclusive) is this: If the action of mo sture on the colours of
insects be purely physiological, it would act chiefly, no doubt, while the
insect was growing,—that is, through the active part of the larval stage,
extending through the warmer months of the year; if, on the other hand,
it acts indirectly by bringing the tints of the insect, through the work of
natural selection, more closely in harmony with the darker colours with
which this wet weather would surround it, it must nevertheless act during
these same months.

While my paper does not deal exclusively with any one species, those
treated of are closely allied, and on this ground it may prove profitable to
make a few comparisons.

Fifty specimens of C. Jongipennis from the driest of these points—
Albuquerque, New Mexico—show thirty-two males, none of which have
more than a very slender line of black along the suture, and eighteen
females, most of them coloured like 7, several as light as 2, and only one
as dark as 6. C. testaceus, from the dry regions of Southern California,
is also notable from its lack of black markings. I found C. /ongipennts
abundant upon golden-rods (Sodidago), which had a very solid head of

=

PSS Sse

|

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193

bloom, without the reliefs of light and shade thrown by the more open
inflorescense of the yellow-flowered plants on which my other species
were chiefly taken. Dr. Leconte records C. festaceus from Baccharis
without specifying more definitely.

Six specimens of C. pudchellus from Williams, Ariz., are of a rather
dark form, such as shown by g and d, with the exception of two males
which are somewhat lighter, as Z,and one darker female,like ¢ Four males
from Peach Springs and Seligman are a very little lighter than 4, while
two females from the same localities are darker than the males, but not
quite as dark as the Williams female. Three examples from Albuquerque
are about the same as the Peach Springs specimens. A series of nine-
teen specimens from Helena Mon., averaging much smaller than those
of other localities, are of a type very nearly the same as the Williams
specimens, so far as regards the extent of black markings.

Summing up the evidence, then, we find:

1. Light specimens (C.-dongipennis) at Albuquerque, where the pre-
cipitation is 7.19 inches.

2. Darker ones (C. pulchellus) at Peach Springs and Seligman, where
it is about 17. inches.

3. Stull darker ones at Williams, where it is about 25.95 inches.

4. Specimens about the same as these last from Helena, Montana,
where it is about 13.22 inches.

Now we have to reconcile with it, if we are to accept Mr. Tutt’s theory
at all, the phenomenon of specimens from Helena, with a precipitation of
13.22, presenting a phase of coloration as dark as those from Williams,
with an annual precipitation of 2595 inches. This, h»wever, is not a
great difficulty, since I have before mentioned the fact that the Helena
beetles average much less in size than the more southern ones, and here I
think it quite possible that we have the keynote to the whole thing. Mr.
Tutt has already* adduced proof that some forms of disease produce
melanism, and it has occurred to me that this species (C. pulchel/us)
having its metropolis in the south, where comparatively mild winters pre-
vail, may find it a hard struggle to exist on the plains of Montana, where

*Melanism and Melanochroism, p 44 ¢é seg.

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST.

the winters are of exceptional severity. The consequent weakening of
the individuals by this undue exposure may produce a stunted and debili-
tated race, and the effects of this debility be shown in the lack of the
bright yellow pigmentation so characteristic of the forms from the dry,
warm regions of the South.

I am far from thinking that all has been written upon the subject of
the variation in Crossidius that the occasion offers, but space has its limits
and the materia] is too scanty to more than indicate in what direction we
may look for the explanation of some of the phenomena presented. The
data regarding precipitation in the different localities even cannot entirely
be relied upon, as I have had to apply the average taken at Flagstaff to
Williams, which is but few miles distant, and at very nearly the same
elevation. In the same way it has been necessary to take that given at
Prescott as approximately correct for Peach Springs and Seligman. How-
ever, I hope the article may attract the attention of more of our American
students of entomology to a fascinating branch of the science, and that we
may soon see in this country a number of workers who will follow out the
lines of investigation suggested by our English brothers, and for the fur-
therance of which they have established a new magazinet especially
devoted to the discussion of variation and its manifold causes. Most of
my own work in this article has been suggested by the writings of Mr.
Tutt, and to his works I would refer those who care to follow up the sub-
ject and learn, in a reasonable compass and without the mass of irrelevant
matter which encumbers some other recent works dealing with the specu-
lative side of entomology, what new fields of investigation may be opened
up to those who like to know the histories of their insects as well as their
names.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE.

Figs. a to 7, Crossidius pulchellus, southern forms.

Fig. &, iH longipennis, Casey.

Fig. Z, intermedius, Ulke.

Figs. manda, ‘“ nitidicoliis, Casey.

Figs. 9 and p,_‘ discotdeus, Say.

Figs. g to ¢, a pulchellus, Lec., northern forms.

+The Entomologist’s Kecord and Journal of Variation.

~

——E—

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

NOLES, ON TWO -SPECIES OF- TENTHREDINIDA;, FROM
YOSEMITE; (CAL:
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, ROXBURY, MASS.
Schizocerus tristis, Cress.
var. FUMIPENNIS, 7. var.

Eight examples bred from larve in the Yosemite Valley differ from
Mr. Cresson’s description in having both wings uniform smoky blackish,
about as dark as the hind wings of /Zylotoma scapularis, Klug. In the
Q@, the pale parts of the legs are not white, but of an obscure sordid
whitish, tinged with brown, and not contrasting with the black body
parts; the abdomen is obscurely banded with brown between the
segments. ;

Length of 9 6 mms; “¢ 4.5 mim,; expanse “of wings, 9, 13:5-mm:;
3d, 11 mm.

Larva.—Head rounded, wider than high, the mouth parts pointed ;
clear green, shaded with black across the middle ; ocelli black, mouth
brownish ; width, r mm. Thoracic feet large, the abdominal ones small,
present on joints 5-10 and 13 (10 pairs in all). A slight subventral
ridge ; body transversely creased and covered with round, smooth, con-
colorous, wart-like elevations, uniform green, the dorsal vessel showing
darker by transparency ; a stigmatal row of black dots. The anal plate
terminates in four short pointed projections tipped with black, and there
are two others below the anus. Thoracic feet dusky. Length of larva,
about ro mm.

Cocoon.—Formed on the back of a leaf: oblong, rounded, symmetri-
cal, composed of coarse yellowish silk of loose and irregular texture, not
compact enough to be opaque.

Pupa.—Eyes prominent, cases free,the wing cases small; abdomen
cylindrical, slightly tapering ; colour clear green, the legs colourless, eyes
black and two blackish shades on the thorax, as well as at bases of wing
cases.

Food plant— AHosackia grandiflora, Benth.

LaBIPA OPIMUS, Cress.

A @ example differs considerably from Mr, Cresson’s description :—
var. BIGEMINA, 7. var.

Head black; clypeus, labrum, mandibles (except at tip), palpi,
lower half of cheeks, and elongate oval spot resting on the insertion of

196 THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGISI.

each antenna and up of basal joint of antenna outwardly, greenish yellow.
Thorax black, the prothorax, tegule, two wedge-shaped bands along the
parapsidal grooves, scutellum, centre of metathorax above, and a large
angular spot on pleura, also yellow. Legs yellow, except the bases of
cox, the tips of hind femora, tips of all the tibia outwardly and the tar-
sal joints, especially toward their tips, which are black. Wings smoky
brownish-hyaline, irridescent, nervures black, the basal part of stigma
and costa adjoining stigma yellowish. Abdomen greenish-yellow above
and below, except the basal half of basal plates, a triangular spot on
basal part of each dorsal abdominal segment, except the last, and oviposi-
tor sheaths, which are black. Length, 2, 11 mm.; expanse, 22 mm.
The pair of spots between the eyes and second pair on the front part of
mesothorax are conspicuous.

FITCH’S TYPES ‘OF N, A. MEMBRACIDZ:.
BY F. W. GODING, M.D., PH. D., RUTLAND, ILLINOIS.
(Continued from page 172.) .
No 3123 1s Ophiderma flava, Godg.
No. 4416 is the type of Zhelia crategi, Fh.

‘

No. 1875 is the type of Ceresa brevicornis, Fh. The brief description
given by Fitch is correct, but not sufficiently complete. Good characters
are present for separating it from its congeners.

The species labelled 7helia Robine is T. turriculata, Fh., and that
labeled Smzlia betule is S. camelus, Fabr. Fitch’s manuscript name
Zuela is what is now known as Stictocephala, Stal. The descriptions of
the species of this family, published in Emmons’s N. Y. Report, were
written by Dr. Fitch, as is stated by Emmons in a foot note, and there is
no valid reason for crediting such species to Emmons. Fitch described
the species and preserved the types which are now in the collection of
the National Museum ; consequently, his name should be attached to all
such species whenever reference is made to them. While Fitch depended
largely on the distribution of colours and shape of the crest of the pro-
thorax, yet he gave some reliable characters which are of use in identify-
ing his species. ‘The crest immediately after the last moult is very soft
and easily mutilated, and many species might be made from the eggs of
a single female were this character depended upon. It should be used
only with other and less variable characters.

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197

SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GENUS THEREVA.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS. ANGELES, CAL.

The following table contains all the species of Thereva known to me
as occurring in this country north of Mexico. TZhereva tergissa, Say.
(corusca, Weid.), and 7. crassicornis, Will. (non Bellardi), belong to
Psilocephala. Zhereva nigra, Say., is a true Thereva. TZ) adlbiceps,
Loew., is evidently the same as a/bifrons, Say; and giluvifes, Loew., is
the other sex of flavicincta, Loew., as that author suspected at the time
of describing these two forms. Walker’s and Macquart’s species have
not been identified, nor could this be done with any degree of certainty
except by an examination of the type specimens.

The table is as follows :—

1.—Antenne black. RS
Antenne yellow Calorie species . Bs 7j Spa EA MN RPS aie) hares

No OP

2.—Pile and bristles of head and thorax eis whitish, knob of
halteres yellow, front of female wholly opaque. .semtaria, n. sp.

Pile and bristles of head and thorax largely black, knob of

halteres black, front of female with a shining black spot

©. cis icla ees af LAL, LOEW:
gp bemotaslargely: Or wholly! black. ate on Asp ache ee ool eS ee 5
Femora yellow, knob of halteres black, front of female with one or
two; shimimeAblaic len SWOts.j:).ctor, sere hotmelt arc ectnd s ona ae Al
4.—Front of female with two shining black spots, front of male desti:
tute: On IDIACK Pile Arseeasse a cence es cine eee ee even UEP UEGTS, USD
Front of female with only one shining black spot, front of male
Withimeany, DlaGk PILGy.racivwvai ast» sa herdikenn shele e P@OUeNCLa, LOEW.
Re ODL Okm Na CONES NOIAC KIN. cirutta ide. va seaiegern es ae Wsteeenle ete kets cee Os
Knob of halteres yellow or white, front of female destitute of
shining black spots ...... ; 4 A Sem a6)
6.—Front of female with two iaree! welt hinek spots, apices oe
femora black. re ae : : 7

Front of female esti of sich ae apices ar fra aan
yellow, cross-veins of wings not bordered with brown.
.candidata, Loew.
ie BES ois ae ae cross-veins B basdeteal with brown. .of/osa, N. sp.
Stigma pale yellow, cross-veins not bordered.... ie .vialts, O. S.

198 THE CANADIAN ENYGMOLOGIST.

S.—-Front of temale partly shining black. eines se oe eee a
Front in both sexes wholly opaque and covered with pollen.....11
g.—Abdomen of female opaque on the first six segments, front with
two shining black spots......................../o/msonit, n. sp.
Abdomen of female largely shining....................+004-10
10.—Front of female with a shining black spot reaching the lower
ocellus ; pollen on sides of front extending less than half way

from each eye to lower ocellus...............strigipes, Loew.
Front of female having the lower halk shining, ihe upper half
COVETEE With, DONG seg wars free cies eres . .Airticeps, Loew.

Front of female wholly shining eae aucun re lower corner
case ; ; ore . nigra, Say.

ene a female sit oats one contin bee oe : aelEn on sides
of front nearly or quite reaching the lower ocellus. .frontadis, Say.

11.—Pile of front largely black. . ge seiet 5 ate e iy cS Santas hh Ree
Pile of front wholly te. font of erie abariuite of (ee:
VEIVEL DIQCK S[IUtSay 4s auaea hae en Frances Sa eee haa eee te
2.—Bristles of occiput black, eighth abdominal segment in the female
shining black, stigma dark brown...............albifrons, Say.
Bristles of occiput whitish, eighth segment in the female covered
with pollen, stigma pale yellow....:.............#ovella, n. Sp.

3.—Wings hyaline, the cross-veins not broadly heed with brown. .14
Wings brownish, the cross-veins broadty bordered with darker

BrO WI) 2aaF cep ee eee cee tig cet eres: che tuct uk aces ONC TITLE, LOWE
14.—Third joint of antenne eae! short, inverted pyriform, the

first joint very robust... SiS eraliue6 Sey eM LELAIOO DIELEDIZ,- IAOewy.

Third joint of antenne not penta cee ...melanoneura, LOew.,

Thereva semitaria,n. sp. ¢ black, the antenne, palpi, knob of the
halteres, posterior margins of the second and third abdominal segments,
hypopygium, femora, tibiz, except the tips, and base of tarsi, yellow, the
femora sometimes brown. Head and entire body whitish pollinose, the
entire pile white, the bristles, except those of the legs, yellowish-white.
Third antennal joint as long as the first and nearly twice as broad, being
three fourths as broad as long ; style one-third as long as the third joint.
Thorax not distinctly vittate. Wings grayish-hyaline, the costal margin
usually a darker gray, veins largely yellow, very narrowly bordered with
brown, stigma dark brown, fourth posterior cell closed and short petiolate.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199

2 same as the ¢, except that the pollen on the upper part of the front
is more yellow, and the eighth and ninth abdominal segments are shining
yellow, posterior margins of the other segments also more or less yellow.

Length, 8 to 1r mm. Southern California. Eleven males and four
females, in April and May.

Thereva duplicis, n. sp. 2? black, the femora, tibize, tarsi, except at
apex, and the hypopygium, yellow. Head gray pollinose, the pile wholly
yellowish-white, that of the vertex, bristles in upper part of the occiput
and on the antenne, black ; third antennal joint as long as the first and
only slightly wider, style one-fourth as long as the third joint. Pile of
thorax mixed black and yellowish-white, the bristles black ; pile of pleura
white, that on the scittellum more yellowish, the four bristles black. Pile
of abdomen yellowish-white, that of the venter white, of the femora mixed
black and white, of the tibize and tarsi black ; bristles of legs also black.

Wings grayish-hyaline, the veins largely brown and indistinctly bordered
; gs gray J Sel) y

with brown, stigma dark brown, fourth posterior cell closed and short
petiolate. :

? same as the ¢, with these exceptions: Pile of front largely black,
its pollen yellow ; in middle of front are two transverse shining black
spots separated from the eyes by a pollinose interval nearly equalling the
length of the second antennal joint. Posterior margin of each abdominal
segment, except the first, yellow, including the greater portion of the last
three segments ; base of the third, fourth, fifth and sixth segments, and
the whole of the following ones, shining ; pile of the fourth and following
segments both dorsally and ventrally erect and black.

Length, 9 to 13 mm. South Dakota (Aldrich), Montana (Morrison).
One male and two females.
Thereva otiosa, n. sp. ¢ black, the knob of the halteres, and pos-

_ terior margins of the second and third abdominal segments, white, tibie,

except at apex, and base of tarsi, yellow. Head white pollinose ; that
on upper part of front narrowly black, on the vertex grayish-black ; pile
of entire head, except the black pile of the vertex, white ; bristles of
upper part of occiput and on the antenne black. Third joint of antennz
five-sixths as long as the first and slightly narrower, style one-fourth as
long as the third joint. Thorax grayish-black pollinose and marked with
two narrow whitish pollinose vitte, the lateral margin also whitish pol-
linose ; pile of thorax mixed black and white or yellowish, the bristles

200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

black ; pile of pleura and scutellum white, the four bristles of the latter
black. Abdomen whitish pollinose, that at the base of the second, third
and fourth segments blackish-gray ; pile of abdomen, venter and femora
white, a few on the hypopygium black ; short pile of tibize and tarsi, like
all the bristies of the legs, black. Wings, including the space between
costa and auxiliary vein, grayish-hyaline, veins black, narrowly bordered
with brown ; stigma dark brown, fourth posterior cell narrowly open, or
clesed and short petiolate. ;

? same as the ¢, with these exceptions: Front dark-brown pollinose
on the upper part, and near the middle marked with two large rounded
velvet-black spots contiguous to the eyes; eighth and ninth abdominal
segments shining, their pile largely black.

Length, 7 to 11 mm. Los Angeles County, California. Nine males
and seven females, March to May.

Thereva novella, n. sp. gd same as otiosa, with these exceptions :
Style of antennz two-fifths as long as the third joint ; pile and bristles of
vertex and bristles of occiput yellowish-white ; thorax destitute of black
pile; knob of halteres brown, margined with yellow ; veins of wings
largely yellow, stigma also yellow and indistinct.

? differs from the 9 of ofzosa, besides in the particulars above
mentioned, in that the front is destitute of the two round velvet-black
spots, having instead a narrow, interrupted, dark-brown cross-band ;
eighth abdominal segment opaque pollinose, its pile largely vellow.

Length, Sto 11mm. Los Angeles County, California. Five males
and one female.

Thereva Johnsoni, n. sp. & black, base of third antennal joint,
tibize, and base of tarsi, reddish. Head yellowish-gray pollinose, front
with two transversely oval shining-black spots on its middle ; pile of head
pale yellow, that of the front mixed with black, bristles of occiput and of
the antenne black. First joint of antennee slender, scarcely wider than
the second, third joint lanceolate, one and a-half times as wide as the
second, three-fourths as long as the first joint ; style one-fifth as long as
the third joint. ‘Thorax yellowish pollinose, marked with two light gray
vitte, the sides a purer gray ; pile of thorax and scutellum pale yellow,
less than half as long as the black bristles, a few black pile on the thorax;
pleura gray pollinose and yellowish-white pilcse. Knob of halteres
brown. Abdominal segments one to six uniformly yellowish-gray pol-
linose and short yellow pilose, the seventh and following segments shin-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOCIST. 201

ing brown ; pile of abdomen erect and largely black. Front and middle
femora destitute of bristles. Wings yellowish gray, a hyaline streak in
base of marginal cell, a darker gray cloud in apex of first submarginal
and along front edge of the second submarginal cell ; stigma and a small
spot at base of the second submarginal and of each posterior cell, dark
brown ; fourth posterior cell closed and short petiolate.

Length, 10 mm. Washington. Received from C. W. Johnson, and
collected by Prof. O. B. Johnson, after whom. the species is named.

SOME NOTES ON MICHIGAN INSECTS, PRINCIPALLY

COLEOPTERA, AFFECTING FOREST TREES.
_ BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND.

The following notes were presented to the Entomological Society of
Washington, May 1, t8g9o0, under the title of ‘‘Some insects affecting cer-
tain forest trees.” They are herewith somewhat revised and sifted for
publication, since’the matter which follows is of some value.

The paper furnishes a record of certain insects mostly coleopterous,
which I found many years ago in Michigan affecting either the trunks or
foliage of forest tress and shrubs and which I have since been able to
identify in connection with my notes. All are southern Michigan
records, and belong to the vicinity of Constantine. Many coleoptera
found under dead bark, but which feed merely on decaying vegetable
tissue, have been omitted. Such are Prionocheta, Scaphidium, Ditoma,
Bactridium, Melanotus, Cis, Tenebrioides, Melandrya, Uloma, Platy-
dema, Penthe, Cratoparis, and many others.

COLEOPTERA.

Brontes dubius, ¥.—Under bark of linden (fall) ; elm and butternut
logs (May).

Paromalus aequatis, Say.— Under bark of decaying butternut and linden
logs (May).

_ Hister lecontei, Mars:—In burrows under decaying bark of butternut,
elm, and linden.

Adelocera aurorata, Lec.—One under bark of old oak log (Jan.)

Alaus oculatus, \..— Boring stumps and dead trunks of oak, hickory,
poplar and linden,

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Cardiophorus gagates, Er.—On oak leaves (May).

Elater manipularis, Cand.—Under decaying linden bark (Nov.)

Elater nigricollis, Hbst.—In hickory stump (Oct.) ; and poplar stump
(Dec.)

Llater linteus, Say.—In decaying poplar stump (fall).

Elater apicatus, Say.—In decaying poplar stump (Dec )

Agriotes oblongicollis, Melsh.—On leaves of hazel (May); and beech
(May, June).

Limonius auripilis, Say.—On beech foliage (May, June).

Limonius bastllaris, Say.—On new oak and beech growth (May,

June).

Acmeodera culta, Web.—On cut oak wood (July).

Agrilus ruficollis, ¥., otiosus, Say, bilineatus, Web.—On cut oak wood
and rails (July).

Brachys ovata, Web —On foliage of beech and oak (May to July).

Brachys aerosa, Meish.—Eating oak and hazel leaves (May) ; leaves
of beech, elm, ironwood (Carfinus), (May, June). —

Brachys aeruginosa, Gory.—On leaves of beech, elm, ironwood (Cer-
pinus), (May, June).

Thanasimus @ubius, F.—In numbers on piles of oak wood (May).
In coitu (May 20).

Thaneroclerus sanguineus, Say.— Under bark oak stumps (Oct.) ; under
bark butternut log (May).

Dichelonycha elongata, Fab.—On leaves of oak (May).

Lachnosterna prunina, Lec.—On foliage of red oak (May, June).

Lachnosterna crenulata, Froh.—On foliage of red oak (May).

Lachnosterna tristis, ¥.—Swarming in red oaks (May).

Anomala undulata, Melsh.—Swarming in red oaks (May).

Strigoderma arboricola, F.—On red oaks (May). The last five ;
species occur mostly in the evening.

Cotalpa lanigera, L.—Eating leaves of dwarf willows (Salix cordata),
(May, June).
Parandra brunnea, ¥.—Under bark of linden and butternut logs.

2
]

Smodicum cucujiforme, Say.—Many specimens found on a white oak
fence post, beside small holes in post from which they had emerged

(June, July).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203

Dorcaschema nigrum, Say.—On hickory foiiage (May, June).
Goes pulverulenta, Hald.— Dead beetle found in a cell in cut hickory.

Liopus alpha, Say.—On oak rails, and on fence posts under red oak
tree (June).

Lepturges guerct, Fitch.—On oak posts of fence under red oak tree
(June).
[Ty perplatys maculatus, Hald.

Same as preceding.

Saperda vestita, Say.—In sapwood, also in bark of dead linden trunk
in all stages (May).

Saperda tridentata, Oliv.—Beetles and pup under bark of elm logs
(May).

Donacia flavipes, Kby.—Twenty-seven taken on leaves of new oak
growth (May 23).

Chlamys plicata, ¥.—On witch hazel (June).
Exema gibber, Oliv.—On witch hazel (June).
Cryptocephalus venustus, ¥.—On oak and hickory foliage.

Lachybrachys othonus, Say, carbonarius, Hald., infaustus, Hald.—
On oak foliage.

LVoda ( Colaspis ? ) convexa, Say.—On beech foliage.
Chrysomela scalaris, Lec.—On leaves of low sumac, hazel, linden.

Chrysomela multipunctata, Say. var. bigsbyana, Kby.—On leaves of
low sumac ( Rhus ).

Lina lapponica, ..—In numbers eating leaves of dwarf willow (S.

cordata), (May, June).
Llepharida rhois, Forst.—On low sumac.

FHlaltica inerata, Lec.—On foliage of ironwood ( Carpinus), beech
and elm (May, June).

Odontota rubra, Web.—On beech, elm and oak foliage (May, June).

Diaperis hydni, ¥.—Twenty-five or thirty taken, Feb. 16, in groups
in smal! passages in the inner wood of an old oak stump. Also found in
same places later in the spring. When disturbed, they emit a yellowish

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

fluid which stains the skin, has a pungent odour, and turns alcohol to a
crimson colour. ‘The heads and legs of some worker termites dropped
in the same alcoho! became of a deep violet colour, but the heads of
soldier termites, from their harder integument, remained unstained.
These beetles exhibited considerable variation in the disposition of the
black markings on their orange-red elytra. I could find no communica-
tion with their galleries from the outside. ‘Their social hibernation is
interesting.

Synchrva punctata, Newm.—Beetles and pupe under bark of linden

and elm logs (May).

Attelabus anatis, Ilig., dbipustulatus, ¥., rhois, Boh.—On leaves of
young hickory.

Magdalis armicollis, Say.—On elm foliage (June).

Anthonomus crategi, W\sh.—On beech fohage.

Mononychus vulpeculus, ®.—On wicch hazel (June).

Celiodes acephalus, Say.—On witch hazel (June).

Balaninus nasicus, Say, rectus, Say.— Very numerous under an isolated

red oak (Sept. 15 to 22 only).
Eupsalis minuta, Drury.—In dead oak and linden.

Cossonus platalea, Say.—Fifty-four taken under bark of an old butter-
nut log (May).

Determinations of above coleoptera were made by Dr. Horn and Mr.
Schwarz.

LEPIDOPTERA.—A\ sesiid (.Sannina, sp.?) was bred from large knotty
galls common on trunks of red oaks. These are rough excrescences of
the bark and wood, frequently attaining a diameter of several feet. The
moths are about the size of S. acernz.

Dierera —The pine-cone gall of Cecid. s.-strobiloides, O. S., occurs
commonly on Salix cordata (June, July). It remains conspicuous
through the winter, when these shrubs are otherwise bare.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

THE PHALANGINA OF THE UNITED STATES.
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y.

The family Phalangidz is readily separable from the other families of
Phalangida by having but one simple (not compound) claw at the end of
each tarsus and having a claw at the end of palpus. The last (fifth) joint
of palpus is nearly always longer than the next to last ; an exception is

the male of Protolophus. Our species have been descr ibed by Say (Com-

plete Writings), Wood (Bull. Essex Inst., 1868), Weed (Bull. Ill. State
Lab. Nat. Hist., 1889, and various articles in Am. Nat., 1887-1893), and
Banks (Trans. Ent. Soc., Wash., 1891). The genera known to me may be
separated by the following key :—

( Body with two rows of large tubercles, male with fifth

| palpal joint shorter than fourth, female with third

I { paipal joint forked.. . Protolophus.
i Body without large tubercles, fifth palpal joint ‘alway S ‘longer than
le the) fourth. tits ties « isi 2
( A group of spines on fhe fronts margin ae ie pephalathora ce eye-
2. tubercle with two rows of eae SPINGS2 ye nee ars Ate
| Not with both of above characters. a Se ES nats et
| Ue: large spines on the second oie an ine eyes ex-
ceedingly large......... Stas tchenebanareratetets « sheen LAO}
5} eet such spines, eyes normal . Sates: ESE El aathgsres, (et ad
Femur I., much shorter than eae in the ee not as lene as
A width of body. . BN NE ae ie NS a OE Ue Cea G
Femur I., longer, or in some females but little ‘shorter than
a body. . nee : ree . Liobunum.
fae etateus 1 tient false articulations, fenten dad ee and
( III. much thickened. getttcte PREVA Steyccas,.
5) At least one false articulation in metatarsus a femora
( AMY LUIS MORIA sm peychia 9 clee cece S «ii < cicway. cy wnseenvesye. «=e LC DLOCUIU Si
«6 § Eye PRM ETE SIMOS Slay ae ctersy cules 0, oh ajok sR pene tote series SG LOD IDE Se
le BVSsOMDEECleySMOOUN so tis. ches «oo. wo efon aa oe cele pe CLOUT VOMIUS-
Second joint of palpus with prominent spines.................. 8
7 {Seco joint of palpus without prominent spines............... 9
No false articulation in metatarsus I., eye tubercle more
| remote from the anterior margin. .... : jai ove 2'o LabClLALUS.
At least one false articulation in metatarsus. ie ek
ae tubercle farther forward. au yeaitea aha ess . Oligolophus.
Femora as narrow as, or narrower ve eye- aherale) fifth joint of
, palpus longer than the third and fourth together.............10

Femora wider than eye-tubercle, fifth joint of palpus not
a longer than the third and fourth focether sir. «2s .. Homolophus

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Femur I. longer than width of body.................Phalangium
Femur I. not longer than width of body.................A@ttopus

Trachyrhinus, Weed |[Am. Nat., 1892], is unknown to me ; it appears
to be near Homolophus, but with more slender legs, more spinose palpi,
with a different patella, and larger eye-tubercle. Wood’s description of
P. favosum, however, reads much like A/ctopus biceps, Thorell.

‘These genera | arrange in four tribes.

PROTOLOPHINI.

This embraces the single genus Protolophus, remarkable for the
structure of the male palpi.
Protolophus, gen. nov.

In the male the second, third and fourth palpal joints are greatly en-
larged, and the fifth joint is a little shorter than the fourth ; the claw at
the end of the fifth is, however, distinct. ‘The female has the palpi more
normal, the fifth joint longer than the fourth, the third joint is prolonged
on the inner side, as in Prosalpia, and the fourth has a small projection
at tip on the inner side. ‘The eye-tubercle is low, with two rows of small
spines. The legs are short, femur II. being shorter than the body ;
tibiz without false articulations. The dorsal parts of the first five
abdominal segments are more united than those beyond, each of these
five segments having a median pair of large tubercles. Two speciesiare
known to me.

Abdominal tubercles unarmed...... ...... wos wasae « sCUUCHCULALUS.
Abdominal tubercles with a few apical spines...........simgularis.

Protolophus tuberculatus, n. sp.

Length, 8 mm. ; femur I., 2.3 mm.

Colour—Gray to brownish, the cephalothorax gray, the dorsum of ab-
domen darker, somewhat reddish-brown. Body with a broad, darker,
median stripe, beginning at the anterior margin of the cephalothorax and
extending to the sixth abdominal segment, narrower and darker on the
abdomen than on the cephalothorax. Just below the front margin of the
cephalothorax are two small median spines. The venter is pale grayish
with a few brown spots near the sutures, the tips of the mandibles black,
the coxe brownish, the trochanters yellowish, the femora, patelle and
tibize reddish-brown, the metatarsi yellowish, the tarsi gradually becoming
darker, the abdominal tubercles black. The legs are covered with small
spines, on each side of the coxz there are rows of small black plates.

The female is similar, but the dorsum is more reddish, the venter more

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207

mottled than in the male, and there are some brown spots on the basal
joint of the mandibles above.

Southern California. Not uncommon.

Protolophus singularis, . sp.

Similar to fuberculatus, but the abdominal tubercles bear from two to
four spines. ‘The anterior margin of the cephalothorax is more spinose ;
and the second and fourth joints of the palpi are much more enlarged
than in that species ; the eye-tubercle is also more spinose. ‘The legs are
more slender, especially the second pair. The body and legs are more
brownish, and the palpi are mottled, the second joint of the mandibles
very dark.

Southern California. Collection of Dr. Geo. Marx. One male.

CaDDINI.

This tribe embraces only Caddo agilis, remarkable for its large eyes.
It shows its relation,to certain genera of the next tribe in having spines
on the second palpal joint. One young specimen has a white band
above. I have it from N. Y. and D. C.

OLIGOLOPHINI.

The very spinose character of the members of this tribe distinguish
them from all their allies.
Oligolophus pictus, Wood.

This occurs in the Eastern States.
Lacinius ohtoensis, Weed.

Ohio, N. Y.
Lacinius texanus, Banks. Psyche, 1893.

Texas.
Mitopus biceps, Thorell.

Described by Thorell in 1876 from Colorado ; I have received speci-
mens from L. M. Cockerell.
Phalangium cinereum, Wood.

The northeastern parts of the United States and in Canada. |[A. D.
MacGillivray ].

Phatlangium longipalpis, Weed.
Arkansas. This would be called Cerastoma by some European

authorities,

208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

HOoMOLOPHUs, gen. nov.

Quite prominent spines upon the cephalothorax and eye-tubercle, and
with transverse rows on the abdomen. Legs thicker than usual, the
anterior femora being much thicker than the eye-tubercle is wide, almost
as thick as the basal joint of the mandibles ; femur L., is a little longer
than the width of the body, tibiz without false articulations. The fifth
joint of palpus is not quite as long as the third and fourth together.
This genus is related to Phalangium, but the last joint of palpus is
shorter, and the legs are shorter and stouter.
flomolophus arcticus, N. sp.

Length, 6.4 mm. ; femur I., 4.2 mm.

Colour—Cephalothorax yellow-brown, black in the middle behind ;
dorsum of abdomen black ; legs dark red-brown, yellow at extreme base
of the femora and on the trochanters; venter brown. Eye-tubercle with
two rows of a few spines ; cephalothorax with scattered spines, arranged
mnch as in Phalangium cinereum; abdomen with six transverse rows of
similar spines; posterior angles of the cephalothorax projecting and
rounded with a few prominent spines. Legs stout, very spiny, having a
few more prominent spines at tips of femora, patellz and tibie ; second
pair of legs lost.

Commander Island, Siberia. Collection of Dr. Geo. Marx.

LIOBUNINI.

This tribe includes the more typical and common members of the
sub-family.
GLOBIPES, gen. nov.

The principal character of this genus is the enlarged femora and
tibiz of legs I. and LIL., the eye-tubercle is low and with a few spines,
legs short, but femur II. is longer than the body and more than twice as
long as femur I. Metatarsus I. without false articulations. The palpi
are normal.

Globipes spinulatus, Ni. sp.

Length, 3.5 mm.; femur I., 1 mm.

Colour, brown or reddish-brown, tip of abdomen more gray, dorsum
somewhat mottled with brown, coxee yellowish, trochanters and base of
femora yellowish, remainder of femora, patelle and tibia reddish, metatarsi
yellowish, tarsi a little darker, palpi pale, tips of mandibles black. The
female has two median white spots near the tip of the abdomen, The

\

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209

palpi are very short, the patella and tibia somewhat enlarged, the fifth
joint longer than the third and fourth together. The cephalothorax and
abdomen are smooth ; the legs have many small spines, most prominent
on the enlarged parts of legs I. and III. ; tibia II. has three false articu-
lations. ‘The legs of the fernale are longer and more slender than those of
the male. The abdomen of the female is larger and pointed behind,
while that of the male is somewhat truncate,
Southern California.

EURYBUNUS, gen. nov.

Eye-tubercle very low and smooth, cephalothorax with an elevation
on the anterior margin bearing a few small spines. The segments of the
dorsal shield of the abdomen are so closely united that their sutures are
hardly discernible. The femora, patelle and tibiz of legs I. and III. are
enlarged ; femur II. barely twice as long as femur I., and a little longer
than the body ; metatarsus I. without false articulations.

Eurybunus brunneus, n. sp.

Length, 9 mm. ; femur I., 4 mm.

Colour—Dorsum uniform brown, the margins of the abdomen a little
white ; venter grayish-white ; coxe, trochanters and part of the femora
yeliowish, a band near tip of femur brown, the extreme tip whitish ; base
of patella brown, the tip white ; middle of tibia brown, the base and tip
white ; same with the metatarsus, except that the brown is not as dark ;
tarsi brownish; palpi and mandibles yellowish. Body very smooth,
femora I. and III. with a few short scattered spines, similar spines on the
under side of tibiz and metatarsi I. and III., tibia with three false articu-
lations.

Southern California.

LEPTOBUNUS, gen. nov.

Legs short, joints but little thickened, femur I. much shorter than the
body; femur II. frequently not as long as the body. Eye-tubercle
narrow, usually smooth. JZ. cadifornicus is the type. In this species the
palpal claw is smooth, and metatarsus I. has but one false articulation ;
lateral pore is very large and looks outward. In the two other species
the palpal claw is dentate, metatarsus I. has several false articulations,
and the lateral pore is like that of Liobunum. For these reasons the last
two species may form another genus,

210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

: ( Metatarsus I., with one false articulation..............californicus

{ Metatarsi I., with several false articulations.............5-.++-+. 2
: Dorm Smooth 2 ~~ said 40a dk pv eek Ge ke 6 Wino eeale eee RDOEAL ONE
=). Dorsitin eraniilate.j.s0.5 ak Me «+ se eatns ole ee ele amemes aiee

Leptobunus grande, Say.
Liobunum similis, Weed.
Var Ca Ohio; I.
Leptobunus maculosum, Wood.
Pa., W. Va:., Ohio.
Leptobunus californicus, Ni. sp.

Length, 6.6 mm. ; femur I.. 2.7 mm.

Colour—white above, mottled with brown and black, the vase mark
indefinite; beneath whitish, with a few brown spots; legs yellowish, with an
apical brown ring on each joint. Eye-tubercle low and smooth ; body
smooth ; legs smooth, except the tarsi, which have spines at each articu-
lation. Legs quite stout ; metatarsus I. with one and tibia II. with two
false articulations; palpi with the fourth joint longer than the third ; fifth
joint about equal to the third and fourth together.

Southern California (Davidson).

LiozpunuM, Koch. '
Forbesium, Weed.

The genus Forbesiunm is based on young forms of previously described
species. Liobunum is very rich in species; many forms remain to be
described. I will mention but one, readily recognized by having two
large yellow spots,

Liobunum bimaculatum, v. sp.
Length, 4.2 mm. ; width of abdomen, 3.5 mm. ; femur L, 11.9 mm. ;

femur [1 19.5 mm.
Colour—dark brown, with two large yellow spots over the juncture of

the cephalothorax and abdomen; the eye-tubercle black ; venter, palpi
and legs yellowish ; patelle and tibiee at tip brownish ; metatarsi and tarsi
somewhat brownish. Body short and broad; the end of abdomen bent
under ; the side-pieces of tne sternum appear to be completely separated
from the sternum proper; cox, venter and sternum with a few granules.
Eye-tubercle moderately high ; more than its length from the anterior mar-
gin, and with two rows of spines above. Abdomen with a few transverse
rows of small, stiff hairs. Legs extremely long, with some small spines

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. V9

and a few larger ones at the tips of the femora and patelle ; tibia I. with-
out false articulations, tibia II. with several. Second joint of palpus with
small spines beneath, the third and fourth joints about equal.

Southern California. Kindly loaned to me for description by Dr.
Geo. Marx.

The remaining species of this genus are as follows :—Z. vittatum,
Say, Z. dorsatum, Say, L. nigropalpi, Wood, L. extlipes, Wood, L.
verrucosum, Wood, L. ventricosum, Wood, L. calcar, Wood, L. bicolor,
Wood, Z. polttum, Weed, ZL. elezans, Weed, Z.-Jongipes, Weed, L.
nigripes, Weed. All are from the eastern United States except Z.
extlipes, from California ; this also occurs near Olympia, Wash. State
(Trevor Kincaid).

CORRESPONDENCE.

UNIDENTIFIED BOMBYCIDS.

Str,—In regard-to Mr. Smith’s note on page 164 in CANADIAN ENTO-
MOLOGIST for June, I would say that I am the authority for the reference
of Saligena personata to Raphia frater, and for the fact that now a
series of specimens of Sphida obliguata are in Brit. Mus. Coll. under the
label of ‘‘ Edema obliqua.” Ihave not the Brit. Mus. lists before me,
but this series of apparently bred specimens of Sphida obliguata, which
I found on my second, were not in Brit. Mus. Coll. at my first visit,
when I examined the collection, with a specimen of the moth, for the ex-
press purpose of identifying the species. They could not have escaped
my notice. They must have been added subsequently to my visit and
description. On this first occasion I discovered, quite misplaced, the type
of the much more obscure species Arzama densa, Walk. ; without this
identification the name Arzama would have hardly been placed in our
catalogues. I recognized Sphida obliguata as allied to the type of
Arzama densa ata glance. [examined the Wotodontide carefully, making
several identifications, and the specimens now under Ldema obligua
were not then there. A reference to our original paper in Tr. Am. Ent.
Soc. Phil., will show that I examined the Notodontians carefully. The
probability is, that the species must remain as catalogued by me, viz. :
Sphida obliquata, G. & R., when the facts are all known. In cases where
specimens are simply stuck without type labels under printed labels in
Brit. Mus. Coll., they are not to be taken as Walker’s type, when in any
way disagreeing with Walker’s descriptions. A. R. Grote, Bremen,

212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A BLACK MALE OF PAPILIO TURNUS.

Sir,—Having been a constant reader of the ENnromorocisr for the
past ten or twelve years, I have never found anything published in your
valuable journal as regards the capture of a black male of 2, apilio Turnus.
In the annual report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, for 1889, on
page 38, Mr, Fletcher writes at some length in regard to the Tiger
Swallow-T ail buttertly (Papilio turnus). The statement to which I wish
to call your attention is on page 39, on the eleventh line from top of
page, where he says: ‘Vo specimen of the black male has ever been taken ;
the only approach to this melanic form ts a beautiful suffused variety.”
No doubt but the author was about nght, for I had examined other jour-
nals and had failed to find any account bearing upon this subject, as I
had one or two beautiful Papilios in my collection, and was uncertain as
to what they were. The other day I was out collecting, and to my great
surprise captured a beautiful ¢ and 2 of Zurnus in copulation,
so you see there is no question as to their identity. This beautiful black

male Zurnus resembles Papilio Troi/us in some respects, having i
wings black ; primaries with a marginal row of nch cream-coloured spots,
whereas in Zyot/us they are a light or pale yellow; secondaries with
bluish lunules, while in 77o7/us they are green, running along the margin.
The anal spot with a bluish crescent as in PP. Palamedes and in P.
Cresphontes, while the anal spot in Zyoc/us is entirely orange. ‘Tails
slender and black. After being a collector of insects for the past twenty
years, both in the south and north, this was indeed the first golden opportu-
nity and I had the pleasure of the capture ofa black male Zurnus. Its dis-
tribution covers a wide area, reaching from the far north to the confines
of the tropics, going by the variety name G/aucus in the south, just in the
same manner as Papilio Machaon of the old world, which is to be found
in England, France, Germany, Northern India and Japan, and a huge
variety H//ppocrates, of Northeast China, while P. Polydorus and P.
Alexanor, strictly of European origin, are limited to a much smaller
territory than either Zurnus or Machaon. Whilst P. Autudus and its
varieties Arizonensis and Ammoni, resembling in general appearance
Turnus, but somewhat smaller, and being distinguished by its having
the yellow band which runs along the posterior margin on underside of
primaries unbroken, while in Tur: nus it 1s disconnected, is found through-
out the Pacific states, P. Eurymedon, its var. Albanus, £. Daunus and
P. Pilumnus, all of which belong to the yellow tribe of Papilios, range
within the confines of the western states, while P. Gebalus, which bears a
close resemblance to Zurnus except that the yellow shows a slight tinge of
orange, is found in Mexico, and thus far, has never been found elsewhere
even as a winged visitor. More fully will these matters be treated of in
my forthcoming work on “The Geographical Distribution of Butterflies

and Moths.” A. S. VAN WINKLE, Keota, Iowa.

Mailed August 2nd,

Pate *

Whe anatliany ¥, sitomologist.

“VOL. XXV. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, pie No 0:

DESCRIPTION OF A PECULIAR NEW LIPARID. GENUS
FROM MAINE.

BY B NEUMOEGEN, NEW YORK.
DYARIA, ov. gen.

Head prominent, with a high vertical tuft. Front nearly square,
rather higher than broad; slightly convex. Vertex small, with a low,
conical central projection. Ocelli absent. Eyes large, naked, reaching
as far as the front and above the vertex. Antenne inserted far apart,
close to the margin of the eyes. In % lengthily bipectinate, the pec-
tinations diminishing gradually, the distal third being bare. To judge
from the fragments of a Q specimen with broken off antennz (only 6
joints left to judge from), the ¢ antenne are
apparently simple. Palpi exceeding front by
two thirds their length ; second joint very
large, third small. ‘Tongue weak, but
moderately long, coiled. Thorax robust,
about as broad as long.

Primaries well drawn out, about twice as
Neum. ¢. long as_ broad. Costa straight, apices
(Enlarged about double its size.) pointed and exterior margins well rounded.
Vein 1 free and straight, fureate at base. Median four branched. Vein
2 arising very much beyond middle of cell; 4 and 5 approximate at
their origin, at lower angle of cell. Cell closed, rather narrow and near
to the costal edge. Cross vein bent inwardly at centre. A long, very
narrow accessory cell, reaching from the’ apex of discal cell more than
half way to apex of wing, its sides in apposition except at the two ex-
tremities, so that it is closed for the greater part of its length. Vein 6
from the under side of accessory cell, near its origin; 7 and 1o from the
end of accessory cell, on each side of a stalk, which becomes furcate very
close to the apex of wing, thus forming veins 8 and 9. Vein 11 from the
subcostal beyond the middle of the discal cell, Vein 12 free from base,

DYARIA SINGULARIS,

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

—~ KR ‘
tea = \ J
———— —_ —> “ ;
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=
t =
| ;
\\ i
\
\ / i \
\ ‘/ \.
\, / Ay
\ AY y
\. 7 ‘
NS /
/ YW
U/ :

Pood

Sa

Venation of wings and legs of Dyarta SINGULARIS, Neum, @.
(Greatly Enlarged.)

A furcate, false discal vein in discal cell, and a distinct submedian fold.

Secondaries about as broad as long ; exterior margins well rounded,
bluntly pointed at angle. Anal margins straight. Two internal veins.
Median four branched, as in primaries. Vein 3 arising near lower angle
of cell; 4 and 5 close together from the lower angle of cell, which is
pointedly drawn out. Cell closed. Cross vein angulated, its lower,
longer limb obliquely drawn out; its upper approximately at right angles
to the subcostal. Veins 6 and 7 from the upper angle of the cell, 7
united to 8 at a point about one-fifth of its length from origin, then free
to exterior margin. Vein 8 free from base, except at its junction with 7,
nearly straight, but slightly bent at the junction, not sinuate. Traces of
a discal vein.

Frenulum present; in 2 a long double spine; in ¢ a long spine
fastened into a loop on the subcostal vein of primaries.

Abdomen long and slender, exceeding secondaries by about one-
fourth, thickest centrally, gently tapering ; slightly tufted. Legs long and
slender ; the middle pair the longest, the others subequal. Anterior tibie
unarmed, short, not longer than the first tarsal joint, with an epiphysis
less than its own length, projecting with conical tip. Tarsi feebly spinu-
lated, with terminal claws. Middle tibie with a pair of long, sharp
apical spurs. Hind tibiz slightly enlarged centrally, quite long and
thick, with submedian and apical pair of long spurs.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215

Dedicated to my faithful co-labourer and friend Mr. H. G. Dyar.
This is a very queer genus; although not a typical Liparid, I do
not see any other way but to place it among the Liparide of our fauna.

DvARIA SINGULARIS, mov. sec.
Eyes black. Head, as well as hairy tuft on latter, yellowish-gray.

Vertex between the stems of antenne blackish. Thorax yellowish-gray

interspersed with black hair.
Wings thickly scaled, whitish-gray with the following maculations in

black or light brown :—

Primaries: Three transverse lines in black. The t. a. line curving
outwardly at centre. The basal space enclosed by it, densely scaled with
blackish-brown hair from costa to interior margin. The t. p. line undu-
lating, dented inwardly between median vein and interior margin. The
cellular, as well as median space enclosed by the t. a. and t. p. lines, is
whitish, densely dotted with black granules. A prominent black discal
spot, tufted with yellowish hair. A subterminal line of black dots ; space
between the latter and thet. p line of light brown. Subterminal space
gray, with blackish shades along veins, and a terminal line of black dots
at intersection of veins. Yellowish-brown fringes.

Secondaries: An undulating mesial line, and a subterminal line of
subtriangular dots, both of blackish colour. Mesian space light brown,
subterminal space gray with black granules. A blackish terminal line,
and a heavy tuft, along anal margin, of yellowish-gray. Fringes of the
same colour. The basal space whitish with black grains. In the centre
a distinct black discal spot, heavily tufted. Abdomen yellowish-gray,
with black segmentary lines and white dorsal hair along latter.

Below, both wings of lustrous yellowish-gray, showing blackish tints
in apical part of submedian space of primaries, as well.as faint traces of
the t. p. line. Very faint indications of transverse lines on secondaries.
Lower part of thorax blackish. Legs yellowish-gray. Fore tibiz and
tarsi blackish, the latter dotted with yellowish at sections.

Expanse of wings, 26 mm.

Length of body, 8 mm.

Habitat: Bangor, Maine.

Type: ¢@, coll. B. Neumoegen.

Caught at electric light by Prof. Carl Braun, who also sent me the
fragments of a 2 just good enough to make out the venation and to lead
me to the belief that the @ antenne are probably simple.

This is one of the most singular little Bombycids of our fauna, easily
distinguished by its heavy scales and the hairy tufts on collar and discal
dots. It resembles West Indian genera, as Prof. Smith nghtly remarked
to me, but Prof. Braun assured me of its Maine origin,

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

THE, SPECIES ‘OF BUCOPTOCNEMIS,.
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY.

In 1874 I proposed the generic term Lucoptocnemis for the Heliophobus
fimbriaris of Guenée, Noct. I., 172, whose statement that the species had
two terminal spines on the anterior tibie rendered its reference to the genus
ffeliophobus of Boisduval improbable. In reality our species appears not
congeneric withthe European Hediophobus hispidus. Atthetime of proposing
the genus I had no material. Later on I examined two or three specimens
taken near the coast of Massachusetts, but they were so worn that I
could not satisfactorily identify the species, while they probably belonged
to Guenée’s fimbriaris. In a considerable collection from New York,
which I have identified for the Bremen Museum, I find, however, quite a
number of specimens which I determine as Guenée’s fimbriaris ; the
material is generally well preserved, most of the insects are quite or
sufficiently perfect, and both sexes are represented. An examination
gives us the following structural characters:—The abbreviated anterior
tibia show two longer terminal spines and a row of shorter spinules on
each side. Besides the pair of calcaria, the inner “spur of which is
shortest, the middle tibiz are also provided with svinules ; the hind tibie,
with two pair of spurs, are also armed. ‘The testaceous legs are sparsely
clothed with pale hair (allowing the armature to be easily studied), and in
this respect showing affinity to our Western C/adocera niveivenosa, Grt.
The antennz are long, in the male finely bipectinate, the pectinations
gradually decreasing to the tips, in the female simple. The front is
smooth, without tubercle. The palpi are somewhat divaricate, with short
terminal article: The thorax is short and square, somewhat densely
clothed with hair-like scales, pilose. The abdomen is comparatively
short, not exceeding the secondaries, untufted, thinly scaled and rather
weak. Wings broad, with the fringes long and even, unicolorous. Eyes
naked, adorned with a variable pattern of black markings, unlashed.

EUCOPTOCNEMIS FIMBRIARIS, Guen., V., 172 (/feliophobus ).
Grt. Bull. B. S. N.S. L, (13), 1874,
g9¢s,49s. Forewings broad, triangulate, silky, of a more or less
determinate grayish-red, in some specimens the red is quite clear, some-
what brickish in tint; this is the case in all the females examined.
Maculation subobsolete. Orbicular reduced to a dark or blackish spot,
Which in one or two individuals shows a few central pale scales. Reni-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217

form upright, elongate, narrow, slightly constricted medially, yellowish,
followed by a blackish arc and a more or less obvious blackish shading.
Under the glass, the black scales are seen to extend along the folds and
veins between the reniform and. the t. p. line, while the surface of the
wing, generally, is seen to be sparsely peppered with black scales. ‘The
reniform is also preceded by a curving black outline and the yellowish
colour spreads a little above and below, so that Guenée’s comparison of
its total shape to an elongated letter x becomes intelligible, though
by no means obvious. These black markings tend to be lost in the rub-
bed examples. The lines are seldom continuous and tend to become
dotted or wholly lost, or are merely marked on costa. The t. p. line con-
sists apparently of pale venular spots preceded by black dots. The t. a.
line is in some specimens indicated, indented above and below, medially
rounding outwardly. In one specimen the base of the wing shows a
slight gathering or patch of black scales. Noticeably in the female speci-
mens, which are perhaps fresher, the median lines appear as faint
continuous black shades. The subterminal line is indicated by the slight
difference in shade between the paler terminal and darker subterminal
fields, the latter of which is marked on costa by a darker shading. A
more or less obvious terminal line, sometimes well marked by interspaceal
disconnected lunular marks. Hind wings variable in colour, usually
quite pale with faint diffuse terminal shading, silky, in one male quite
dark ; terminal line variable, occasionally absent. Palpi blackish out:
wardly, and behind the eye usually some blackish scales. ‘Thorax like
forewings ; front and collar somewhat paler. Abdomen quite pale or
whitish. Beneath, the forewings are darker, the hind wings pale, the
colours even, all markings lost. The male specimens vary in expanse
from 28 to 36 mil. ; Guence gives 35 mil. The females average 33 mil.,
as near as may be.

Var. SORDIDA.

5 fs,4 Qs. The colour is entirely sordid grey, without trace of red.
Under the glass I have, however, detected about costa a faint reddish tinge in
some of thepaler specimens. Theyellowtinge of the reniform is less obvious.
The lines are generally more distinct and continuous, and even the
median shade line is often evident running near the reniform, which latter
seems to indicate in this species the closure of the median cell, and is
always the most prominent mark of fimériaris. In one specimen of
sordida, the basal patch is marked. ‘There can be no doubt that. this is

918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

an extraordinary and easily recognizable colour variety of fimbriaris,
although at first sight it might be taken for a distinct species. From the
present collection it would seem to be as common as the typical reddish
form. ‘Types in Mus. Brem.

Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris would seem to be a local insect, since I have,
with the one exception above noted, never before met with it in any collec-
tion submitted to me, nor have I ever collected it myself. It would seem
to be not only quite variable, but its scanty markings are also easily
removed by attrition, when it presents a vague and pale appearance, only
the reniform being indicated. ‘The insect is best known by its bipectinate
male antennze, its pilose thorax and weak body parts, the armature of its
thinly clothed legs, the well-developed fringes, silky and comparatively
wide wings. Superficially it rather resembles some of the red species of
Agrotis. It is probable that the median lines, if fully developed, would
be double, with pale included shade, judging from those specimens in which
they are marked on costa. ‘They would then correspond with the yellow-
ish reniform, which appears as a broad abbreviated line or bar, edged
with black. But, in the specimens before me, the lines are usually
obliterate and, even in one fresh male, their location can be barely made
out, though with the help of the microscope. I trust before long some
locality will be found for this interesting noctuid, and its history be fully
made out.

NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA.—III.

BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Synopsis Family JAPyGID&.

The family Japygide has representatives in almost all parts of the
world. Nearly a dozen species have been described, the majority of
which are from Europe. The species are local and rare, and not usually
found north or south of about 4o° of latitude. Only a single genus is
known—/apyx.

JAPYGID.

Antenne multiarticulate; prothorax minute; tarsi biunguiculate ;
claws equal ; abdomen with ten segments; segments one to seven with
bristle-like rudimentary abdominal appendages ; caudal appendages un-
segmented, horny, pincer-like.

The characters of the single genus are the same with those of the
family.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219

The species can be easily separated by means of the following key :—
A.—Right arm of the forceps with a single large tooth.
B.—Antenne with forty-five to forty-eight segments............
SARS eae a AT oncie es Gitte Soke eee ce tee Saussuriz, Humbert.
BB.—Antenne with about thirty segments.......swbterraneus, Pack.
AA.—Right arm of the forceps with two large teeth; antennz with
EWENty fOr SEMIMENES Wasccc.t os ece sacs cones americana, MacG.
JSapyx Saussurit, Humbert.

Head quadrangular, not broader than long; antenne 45—48-jointed,
segments cylindrical ; prothorax very little more than half as broad as the
head, truncate in front; abdomen broader behind, segments immaculate,
segments one to four rounded on the sides behind, fifth and sixth with
their hind angles obtuse, the seventh slightly broader than sixth, much
broader and overtopping the eighth, emarginate behind, the posterior
angles produced in long, slender spines, lateral margins broadly rounded,
seventh and eighth subequal in length, the eighth broadly, deeply, acutely
emarginate before, the posterior angles not produced, the sides straight,
ninth one-third the length of the eighth, posterior angles not produced,
tenth slightly shorter than the forceps, the tenth and forceps together
slightly longer than the four preceding segments ; right arm of the forceps
slightly broader than the left, inner margin concave, a large tubercle at
middle, two smaller rounded tubercles before the larger tubercle, equi-
distant from the larger tubercle and from each other; beyond the larger
tubercle the inner margin is slightly convex, with smaller tubercles, which
become smaller and smaller, from the large tubercle for two-thirds the
remaining length of the arm, the remaining third smooth; the left arm is
broadest at base, with a large tubercle just before the middle, a smaller
tubercle midway between the base and the large tubercle, beyond the
large tubercle for a short distance there are small rounded tubercles,
beyond which the inner margin is crenulate, the apical half beyond the
large tubercle is smooth; the antennz, underside of the legs, body and
forceps covered with stiff yellow bristles ; segments 1-7 with rudimentary
appendages, the apical bristle long, stout, apical half brown.

Length, 20 mm.; length of the antenne, 8 mm.; length of the abdomen,
13 mm.; length of the last abdominal segment and forceps, 5 mm.

Habitat—Orizaba, Mexico (Lawrence Bruner),

BIBLIOGRAPHY.
Japyx, Haliday.
1864.—Haliday, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., XXIV., 442; pl, XLIV.

220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1873.—Lubbock, Monog. Collem. Thysan., 215.

1887.—Karsch, Berl. Ent. Zeit., XXXI., 154.
Saussurit, Humbert.

1868 —/apyx, Humbert, Rev., et Mag. Zool., ; pl., XXIT., 1-5.

1886.—/apyx, Packard, Amer. Nat., XX., 38 a

1891t.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. ENt., XXIIL, 269.
subterraneus, Pack.

1874.—/apyx, Amer. Nat., VIII., sor.

1891.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. Ent., XXIII, 2

1893.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. Enr., XXV., 173
americana, MacG.

1893.—/apyx, MacGillivray, Can. Ent., XXV., 174.

A. NEW SPECIES. OF) sVPOPTA.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.

An interesting species of Hypopta has been sent to me by Mr.
T. D. A. Cockerell, from Las Cruces, New Mexico. It appears to be un-
described.

Hypopta THEODOR], 7. Sf.

White ; head white, the large eves black; pectinations of antennz
blackish ; collar white; thorax clothed with light gray hairs, mixed with
white ; legs heavily clothed, obscurely annulate with gray near the tips.
Abdomen banded with clouded pale gray above, white below. Fore-
wings white, the basal half immaculate except for a few minute black dots

along the costal edge and internal margin. These dots become more dis-
tinct toward the apex on costa. In the interspaces, and beyond the cell
from vein 2 to apex of wing, is a series of diffusely clouded, strigose,
pale purplish-gray patches, separated by a white space along the veins,
and divided alsotransversely in a somewhat irregular manner. Along
the discal cross-vein and near the origin of te discal and subcostal
venules, the colour of these markings shades into blackish, where they
abruptly terminate. ‘Terminally, they become more obscure and strigose,
leaving the fringe white. Hind wings similarly marked, but the markings
are entirely pale purplish-gray, and form a series of intervenular clouded
spots in three or four indistinct rows between middle of wing and margin,

Beneath the markings are repeated in a somewhat leaden gray, rather
more diffusely than on upper surface. Coste of both wings with a row
of gray dots and terminal dots on both. Fringe white, as above. Ex-
panse, 29 mm. Length of body, 15 mm.

Described from a single example taken July 16, at Las Cruces, New
Mexico, ‘a dry, flat, sandy locality, with hardly any trees but cottonwood
and cultivated fruits. Its altitude above the sea is 3,800 feet.” I have
named the species in honour of Mr. Cockerell, whose labours in Usk ento-
mological field are worthy of general recognition,

9:

Les,

a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 221

A NEW LECANIUM FROM CANADA.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

In a box of Canadian Coccide lately sent to me by Mr. J. Fletcher,
there are several species of ZLecanium, including one which appears to be
new, and is described herewith.

Lecanium Fletchert, n. sp.
Belongs to subg. Eu/ecanium.

Q Scale dark reddish-brown, hemispherical, shiny, not at all elongate,
more or less wrinkled or with depressions ; posterior cleft short, with one
or two filaments of white secretion protuding from it. Length, 2 two-
thirds mm., breadth nearly the same ; height, 114 mm. (apex depressed).

Derm yellowish-brown (prepared by boiling in caustic soda); distinctly
reticulate, reticulations mostly hexagonal and pentagonal. Gland pits
distinct towards the margin, numerous, large, sometimes in pairs. Mar-
gin with short simple spines, not very numerous.

Legs very small, ordinary ; femur longer than tibia; tibia about
longer than tarsus, ‘Tarsal knobbed hairs very long and slender, with
distinct though small knobs.

Antenne 7-jointed ; 1 longer than broad, 2 shorter than 1 or 3, 3 and
4 about equal, hardly equal to 1; 5 and 6 equal, and much shortest; 7
about or nearly as long as 5 + 6, and about as‘long as 2, or a little
shorter. Formula r (34) (27) (56). The seventh joint has a false joint
about its middle, which in one antenna was €o distinct that it was difficult
not to believe it a true joint. First joint with a long hair, second with
two hairs, 4 and 5 each with a hair, 6 with two, 7 with three distinct hairs.

Larva: Of the usual shape, pale-yellowish ; caudal filaments nearly
straight but with an outward curve, the ends usually bending inwards and
crossing. Each side of the abdomen with 7 short hairs. Last joint of
antenne emitting four long hairs. Legs with clubbed digitules about twice
as long as the claw, and long tarsal clubbed hairs.

Food-plant : The specimens are labelled, “ on Thuja, ‘ cedar.’ ”

Hab. : No locality is given by Mr. Fletcher ; very probably the speci-
mens were on a cultivated tree at Ottawa.

L. Fletcheri differs decidedly from any species hitherto found on
coniferous plants, and seems most nearly allied to Z. guercitronis, which
it much resembles. Mr. Fletcher sent me some scales on Quercus Coccinea,
which I believe to be Z. guercitronis, Fitch. Z. /etcher’, compared with
these, is shorter and more globose,and the posterior cleft is decidedly shorter,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

bo
bo
bo

arasite: In a scale of “LZ. /letchert I found three specimens of a
Chalcidid parasite. Ihave not identified the species (very likely it is
undescribed), but the following descriptive notes will probably suffice for
its recognition :—

Head and thorax dark metallic green; abdomen brown, shovel-shaped ;
Ovipositor just projecting. Eyes hairy. Antennz brown, with the two
joints before the club white. ‘Tarsi 5-jointed, first joint of middle tarsus
longer than 2+ 3+ 4, last longer than 3+4. Middle tibia with a very
stout, straight spur, but front tibia with a smaller curved spur. Front
femora brown, with the end white ; middle femora whitish tinged with
brown ; hind femora all brown, Front tibiz brown, with the end white ;
middle tibiz white, with a brown cloud on proximal half; hind tibie
brown, with both ends white. ‘Tarsi all white. Wings hyaline; stigmal
club bifid. A hairless line springs from near stigmal vein and proceeds
obliquely downwards and inwards. Three long hairs spring from a point
on the side of the abdomen.

SYNOPSIS OF THE DIPTEROUS GENUS PSILOCEPHALA,
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, LOS ANGELES, CAL.

The following table contains all the species of Psz/ocepha/a known to
me as occurring in America, north of Mexico, with the addition of one
species from Jamaica, West Indies. «The Z/ereva crassicornis, Williston
(Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIIIs, 293, vo Bellardi), is a true Pszlocephada ;
California specimens collected by Mr. O. T. Baron were submitted to me
by Mr. J. M. Aldrich, of Brookings, South Dakota, who kindly placed his
Therevide at my disposal. ‘The Zzhereva tergissa, Say, is also a Psiloce-
phala; specimens from Florida, the habitat of Say’s original specimens,
were contained in a very interesting collection of Therevidz sent me by
Mr. C. W. Johnson, of Philadelphia, Pa., who had identified the specimens
in question as probably belonging to Say’s species. As I cannot find that
Say’s name had previously been used in this genus, I have adopted it in
preference to the later one, corusca, proposed by Wiedemann. Pszloce-
phala erythrura, Loew, is evidently a synonym of pictipennis, Wied.

The Zhereva nigra of Say, although placed in Pszlocephala by Osten
Sacken (Catalogue of the described Diptera, page 95), is a true Zhereva;
in his original description, Say distinctly says: ‘‘ Hypostoma and all be-
neath with gray minute hair.” [I have a ZAereva from Southern California
which agrees in all respects with Say’s description, and as other species

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of this family are known to extend across the continent (I have examined
specimens of TZzereva comata from California and New Hampshire,
Psilocephala haemorrhoidatis from New Jersey to Arizona), there is strong
reason for believing that this is the true Zhereva nigra of Say. For the
species that has hitherto borne Say’s name in collections, I have adopted
Macquart’s name of haemorrhoidalis (described under Zhereva), since it
is very probable that this author had specimens of the present species
before him when drawing up the description to which the above name is
attached.

Psilocephala melampodia, platancala, variegata and levigata are un-
known to me except from the descriptions ; of the remaining species I
have seen only males of me/anopfrocta and notata, and only females of
rufiventris and scutellaris.

The table of species is as follows :—

t. Fourth posterior cell open ; front wholly opaque and covered with

pollen .. Ms Wieike 2
Fourth pasteriot cell areted anak tisttalty metinlatels Easel a HO
2. Femora black, or REECE BMSw RR LitateE, CNL. eile gost 3

Femora and knob of halteres yellow,........ | Slossoni, N. SP.

montivaga, N. Sp.
3. Wings destitute of blackish spots, except sometimes on the cross-

veins. Miatlsaens ; 4
Wings maried eine over a haere blackish spate, many Co eine are
not situated on the cross-veins ; abdomen wholly opaque ; anten-

nal style nearly half as long as the third joint....... tergissa, Say.

4. Knob of halteres blackish-brown. Be: 5
Knob of halteres, and Eepopyeiur of ales yellow: feet aie Wicd
antennal joints subequal in length, the a nearly half as long

asmtmerthineseyommtrsiscrsd .<n2 ele! ; ieipehee MOLALE,, Tk SP.

5. Thorax marked with light and dark colotiveldl vittee . RAN CGE uote © (05
AOR AKMING BH VATEALS Sere ek 12. eNO dre Salake:s een CO em saithet hay 8
6. Tibiz yellow. . dale : : ER Nt oak

Tibiz black, aieonten af feitilie leeern cknices i ae Loew.
7. First joint of antenne much longer than the third, and extremely

robust ; California species. A acy we... .crassicornis, Will.
First joni of antenne oa banter Even the third and not
unusually robust ; Florida species.......-.. . festina, n. sp.

8. Tibiz black, cross-veins of the wings not hoedened with brown ;

224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Se = —————__.

Garonne Species: :....s. <2 %kus-% .Ne ee eee ele)
Tibiz yellow, cross-veins of wings bordered with nto n; Eastern
SPR CLES mend oy: mica aieey. alae eae ee pee Loew.
9. Third joint of antenne re longer chan ihege pile in front of
the halteres, and on the abdomen and legs, wholly
MGC a a oe: 30d ero, eR ek eae ek ee ..baccata, N. sp.
Third joint of antennze twice as long as ee pits in front of the
halteres,and on the abdomen and legs, largely black.pavida, n. sp.

10. Scutellum black. caged tae Gotiag Mine we we: mrt |
Scutellum orange- set wings Herontl ie mada maplad tae two |
dark gray cross-bands..... eke, Ss tis hies dee SEULOLLOF ES, COem,
11, Abdomen black. rete ee : Phi ena |
Abdomen etree orange-red, wings bes Jaa ce aniale eee |
with two dark-gray cross-bands..............rufiventris, Loew.
12. Wings destitute of dark-gray cross- bane: Say Meee rigs ai oat

Wings beyond the middle marked with two aura gray cross- Banas
much abbreviated in the male ; two widely separated thoracic
vitte, and the apex of the scutellum, deep velvet

lace eth Be onde ene etnenaded . .pictipennis, Wied.
13. Front wholly opaque antl Begered with sotien, tibize largely,
VONOW ge c-uvs «niche in cheilde, £2 anntuly. Saas, 2g eee ene eee ee
Bront panily SHO < «an.4 ce Se es ey ae ie a ee
14. Knob of halteres, proboscis and ame eelloae. aera Rr ene. 3) A |
Knob of halteres, proboscis, palpi and Lone ium of the male, |
black ; eastern species...................melanoprocta, Loew.
15. Antenne yellow ; California ony ind sce ave gen sey (Oe GO A ee
Antenne black ; Jamaica species..................0bscura, 1. Sp.
TG... Vibise largely or wholly yerlow. isa» on Sales ak iene ee
Tibize and marginal cell wholly vee coors species. costa/is, Loew.
$72. Knob of halterées) blackish). 1. 5. wade cc alan Ava .19 |
Knob of halteres and een ee of male yellow, ent shining
except on its lower corners. eae siete aie FO

18. First joint of antennz three- (cuits as Gione as the third, wings
hyaline, the veins never clouded with brown.....A/drichii, n. sp.
LOe Femora blackish: ant. Su: detec udtetcdyath tsa oS Gee See eee
Femora yellow.. daha Ge S les he wield a per eee ees ae gee

20. Pollinose spots on lower corners of the front contiguous ; wings

nearly hyalime! ye vss gine 5a ec ome ade arate gual ee ee BRO EIE IeEs
? ?

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205

—___

Pollinose spots separated by a wide interval; wings smoky-

brown. B ise: BP Bek SS Ue CNR eae ae . Johnsoni, n. sp.

. Front chinine oxcent on each tower corner. Si hie geMeea Set alcake 22
Front having the lower third opaque ouiinaSeee Wien. munda,; Loew.

22. Costal cell blackish-gray, veins bordered with Sees Loew.
Costal cell hyaline, veins not bordered. ns Say Raa : #28

23. Pollinose spots on lower corners of the fiat contiguous. aon Sidied:
Pollinose spots separated by a wide interval. .aemorrhoidalis, Macq.
Psilocephala festina, n. sp.— ~ Black, the abdomen brownish, the

tibie and base of tarsi yellow. Front and face silvery-white pollinose,
eyes narrowly separated by a white pollinose interval ; first antennal joint
two-thirds as long as the third, style slender, cylindrical, nearly half as
long as the third joint, the latter one and one-fourth times as wide as the
second joint ; bristles of antenne and of upper pert of occiput black,
pile of lower part of occiput and of the mouth parts white. Thorax
lightly white pollinose and with three grayish-black vitte, pile very short,
mixed white and black, bristles black, pleura and scutellum white
pollinose, scutellum bearing only two bristles. Abdomen wholly silvery-
white pollinose and sparse white pilose, that on the hypopygium and on
the fourth and following segments of the venter largely black ; wings
hyaline, apex of subcostal cell yellowish, fourth posterior cell broadly
open.

@ Same as the ¢, except: Front grayish-white pollinose. Abdomen
shining, except a white pollinose spot on each side of the first, fifth and
sixth segments and a crossband on the posterior margin of the second and
third segments. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Florida (Johnson).

Pstlocephala morata,n. sp.— ¢ Same as festina, with these exceptions :
Palpi, knob of halteres and hypopygium yellow ; upper third of the front
brown pellinose, eyes not separated by a white interval ; first antennal
joint nearly as long as the third, the latter nearly twice as wide as the
second. ‘Thorax opaque, grayish-biack pollinose. Scutellum bearing
four bristles. Pile of entire venter white.

9 Same as the ¢, except: Lower third of front white pollinose, the
remaining portion blackish brown pollinose. Abdomen shining black,
first segment and posterior margins of the second, third, fifth and sixth
segments white pollinose, the narrow hind margins of the first three seg-
ments white; sparse pile of abdomen and venter largely black, except
that of the first segment, which is light-coloured. Wings gravish-hyaline,

226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the stigma yellowish. Length, 6 to 7 mm. New Jersey, Florida
(Johnson).

Psilocephala baccata, 0. sp.— g Wholly black, including the tibia,
halteres and hypopygium ; posterior margin of the second and third abdo-
minal segments, both dorsally and ventrally, sometimes narrowly white.
Pollen of face gravish-white, that on the lower half ‘of the front somewhat
brownish, on the upper half black ; pile of head white, a few on the front
and vertex black, bristles of occiput and of antenne black. First joint
of antennz nearly twice as long as broad, the third joint once and a-half
as broad as, but not quite as long as, the first, being scarcely longer than
broad. Thorax very lightly gray pollinose, not vittate, the pile and
bristles black, the surface sparsely covered with appressed light-yellow
tomentum. Pleura, abdomen and venter densely silvery-white pollinose
and white pilose, pile of abdomen appressed. Pile of femora and coxe
white, the bristles, as well as those of the tibiz and tarsi, black. Wings
hyaline, stigma brown ; fourth posterior cell open.

2 Same as the ¢, with these exceptions: Pollen on upper three-
fourths of front brownish-gray, that on the lower fourth white and with a
round black spot next each eye at the junction of these two colours,
Abdomen and venter shining black, the posterior margin of the second,
third and fifth segments silvery-white pollinose, broadest on the fifth,

Length, 5 to 7mm. Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties,
California. Twelve males and two females, in May.

Psilocephala pavida, n. sp.— ¢ Differs from the above description of
baccata only as follows: Third joint of antenn twice as long as broad.
Pile in front of halteres largely black ; pollen of abdomen black, that on
posterior margin of the second and third segments light-gray ; pile of
abdomen black, that on the first segment and apices of the rema‘ning
segments whitish. Pile of coxe and femora largely black.

Length, 6 mm. Los Angeles County, California. A single specimen;
in April.

Psilocephala montivaga, 0. sp.— Black, the knob of the halteres,
femora, tibize, and base of the tarsi, yellow. Front brown pollinose, that
next the antennz yellow, a spot on each side next the eyes and a median
triangle, black pollinose; face yellow pollinose; pile and bristles of
antenne, pile of front and bristles of occiput, black, pile of occiput and.
of mouth parts white. Antennze of nearly an equal width, the third joint
tapering slightly to the apex, first joint three-fourths as long as the third,

es

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227

style one-fifth as long as the third antennal joint. ‘Thorax yellow polli-
nose, that each side more gray, marked with three broad black stripes ;
pile of thorax short, sparse, mixed black and yellow, the bristles black ;
pleura gray pollinose, its pile white. Scutellum black pollinose, that on
the margin grayish-yellow, its pile sparse, yellow, the four bristles black.
Abdomen shining, except the first segment, base of the second and sides
of the first four segments, which are gray pollinose ; pile of the first four
segments mixed yellow and black, that on the remaining segments wholly
black. Wings grayish-hyaline, stigma yellow, fourth posterior cell broadly
open.

@ Same as the 2, except that the abdomen is wholly silvery-white
pollinose, its pile wholly yellow ; hypopygium yellow, its pile yellow and
black. Length, 10 to 13 mm. Los Angeles County, Cal. One male and
two females, in June.

Psilocephala Slossoni, n. sp.—@ Black, the palpi, halteres, femora,
tibize, and base of tarsi, yellow. Face and front grayish-brown pollinose,
front with two velvet black spots at its middle adjacent to the eyes ; pile
of front, occiput, mouth parts and of antennz whitish, bristles of antenne
and of upper part of occiput black ; third antennal joint three-fourths as
long as the first, scarcely wider than the second, first joint nearly twice
as wide as the second, the style one-third as long as the third joint.
Thorax brownish-gray pollinose, marked with two narrowly separated
median grayish-black vittee and with a much broader lateral one ; pile of
thorax light-yellow, the bristles black ; pleura whitish pollinose and white
pilose. Scutellum brownish-gray pollinose, white pilose, its four bristles
black. Abdomen grayish-brown pollinose, that on apex of each segment
broadly light-gray, the pile whitish. Wings gray, lighter in the middle of
the cells, leaving a dark-gray border to the veins ; stigma brown, fourth
posterior cell broadly open.

Length, ro mm. New Hampshire (Johnson). A single female speci-
men, collected by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, after whom the species is named.

Psilocephala Aldrichti, n. sp.— & Black, the knob of the halteres,
hypopygium, tibiz and base of tarsi yellow, posterior margin of the
second and third abdominal segments white. Front shining, its lower
comers, not extending halfway to base of antennee, white pollinose, like
the face. Pile of mouth parts and of occiput white, that of the cheeks
largely black, bristles of upper part of occiput and of the antennz also
black. First joint of antenne three-fourths as long as the third, the

228 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

latter narrowly lanceolate, six times as long as the style. ‘Thorax some-
what shining, marked with two white pollinose vitte scarcely half as wide
as the interval between them, and sometimes indistinct; pile of thorax
and of scutellum whitish or yellow, that of the pleura white ; scutellum
bearing four black bristles. Abdomen lightly white pollinose, its sides,
except on the first segment, shining, the pile white, that near the apex
below and on the hypopygium sometimes partly black. Wings hyaline,
the veins and stigma light-yellow ; fourth postericr cell closed and
petiolate.

? Same as the ¢, except that the abdomen is not wholly pollinose,and
its pile is largely black. Length, 7 to8 mm. New Jersey (Johnson),
Montana, Wyoming (Aldrich), aod California. Four males and one
female, in July. I take pleasure in naming this species in honour of Mr.
J. M. Aldrich, from whom one of the specimens was received.

Psilocephala Johnsoni, n. sp.—@Q Black, the femora, tibiz, base of
tarsi1, and posterior margin of the second, third, fourth and fifth ventral
segments, yellow. Front shining, each lower corner and the face white
pollinose ; bristles of antennze and of upper part of occiput black, pile of
lower part of occiput and of the mouth parts white ; first antennai joint
slightly longer than the third, the latter one-fourth wider than the second,
style one-fifth as long as the third joint. Thorax grayish-brown pollinose,
marked with two widely separated light-gray pollinose vitte, the sides
broadly shining ; pile of thorax short, and like the bristles, black ; pleura
white pollinose, its pile white. Scutellum shining, except the gray polli-
nose margin, its bristles black. Abdomen shining, the first segment
lightly white pollinose, posterior margins of the second and third segments
white, a large white pollinose spot on each side of the fifth segment, the
two spots almost contiguous ; pile of abdomen mostly black; venter
white pollinose, pile of the first three segments white, the rest black.
Wings smoky-brown, the middle of some of the cells lighter, stigma
darker brown, fourth posterior cell closed and petiolate.

Length,g mm. Florida. A single specimen received from Mr. C. W.
Johnson, to whom it gives me pleasure to dedicate this interesting
species.

Psilocephala marcida, n. sp.— 3 Black, the antenne, proboscis, palpi,
halteres, hypopygium, femora, tibiz except apex of each, and base of
tarsi, yellow, the femora and abdomen sometimes brown ; posterior margin
ef the second, third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments, both dorsally

Stns cer &

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 929

and ventrally, white. Head (usually) and entire body densely white polli-
nose, but that of the head sometimes yellow ; the pile white. Antenne
having the first joint once and a-half as long as broad, slightly shorter
than the third joint, the latter nearly as broad as long. Wings whitish
hyaline, stigma yellow; faint clouds are perceptible on the cross-
veins ; fourth posterior cell closed and petiolate.

Length, 8 mm. Los Angeles and San Diego Counties, California.
Two specimens.

Psilocephala obscura, n. sp.— 2 Black, the palpi, proboscis, tibiz,
base of tarsi, knob of halteres, posterior margins of the second, third
and fourth abdominal segments, and the greater portion of the three
following segments, yellow. Front and face brownish-gray pollinose,
short pile of front, bristles of antennz and of upper part of the occiput,
black, pile of lower part of occiput and of the mouth parts white ; first
and third antennal joints subequal in length, style one-third as long as the
third joint, the latter nearly twice as wide as the second joint, Thorax
grayish-brown pollinose and with two widely separated light-gray pollinose
vittee ; pile of thorax mixed yellow and black, the bristles black ; pile and
pollen of pleura white, scutellum grayish-brown pollinose, that around
the margin light-gray, the four bristles black. Abdomen shining, the first
segment lightly pollinose, posterior margins of the second, third and
fourth segments, and greater portion of the fifth and sixth, white pollinose;
pile of first two segments yellowish, that on the remaining segments and
on the venter largely black. Wings hyaline, stigma yellow, fourth
posterior cell closed in the margin.

Length, 7 mm. Kingston, Jamaica (Johnson). A single specimen.

ON SOME LEPIDOPTEROUS LARV4 ON ALFALFA.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W. I.

During the last two years a considerable number of rather small
lepidopterous larve have been found on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in
Southern New Mexico. In the material collected there are nine distinct
species represented. None of them have beenbred. These larve are of
considerable economic importance, as they occasion a certain amount of
injury to the alfalfa crop, which is the surest and most paying crop of the
Mesilla valley. They are of some scientific interest also, since hardly
anything is recorded of alfalfa insects. It is therefore thought advisable
to publish the following descriptions of these larvae, which were made

230) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

some time ago, and which will serve to identify them on the alfalfa plant
hereafter, besides giving an idea of the forms which occur: on alfalfa in
this locality. They were all collected in Las Cruces. The figures in
parentheses refer to the alcoholic specimens of the species in the ento-
mological collection of the New Mexico Agricultural Experiment Station.
(a).—SMALL, BROWNISH AND BRISTLY LARVA.

Stage 2.—Length, 2 to 214 mm. Brownish or blackish. Five pairs of
prolegs on segments 7 to 10 and 13. Head distinct, chitinous, shining pol-
ished black ; dorsum of prothorax also chitinous, emarginate behind, black-
ish. Rest of larva brownish, each segment with twelve circular dot-like
raised blackish papille in an irregular transverse row, each papilla bearing:
a black hair. Rows on thoracic segments straighter. Head and _ pro-
thorax also hairy. It is barely to be perceived that the whole integument
is covered with microscopically short, bristly pubescence. Ten specimens.

Stage 3.—Length, 3 to 4mm. _ Ffead black, variegated with brownish,
or wholly’ very light, even pale-yellowish. Proscutum black. Ground
colour of larva about same as in preceding stage ; tubercles a little more
conical in form, black. The spiracles must not be mistaken for tubercles,
the former being smaller and showing on most of the segments in all the
stages. Microscopic bristly pubescence of integument slightly more
evident. Seventeen specimens. ’

Stage 4,—Length, 5 to 5% mm. Head usually very light, with four
faintly mottled areas of brownish; prothorax rather light, but oftener
of the brown colour of rest of body. ‘Tubercles more strikingly conical.
The integument shows very plainly the short, stubby, whitish and brownish
bristles, usually in longitudinal whitish and brownish rows. Nine speci-

mens.
Stage 5.—Length, 51 to 7 mm. Head large, very pale-yellowish,
only three of the mottled faint brownish areas, the one near oral margin
being more or less obsolete. Black tubercles or papilla very conical ;
hairs longer and stouter, the larva therefore appearing somewhat more
bristly. “The stubby, bristly growth of integument is very apparent in its

narrow, longitudinal, alternating white and brown rows. Eight specimens.

Stage 6.—Length, 7% to 9 mm. Head about same as preceding
stage. Prothorax darker. The white longitudinal rows of stubby bristles
showing most plainly in the median region, and on each side. Five
specimens. ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 931

Stage 7.—Length, 9% to 1omm. Larger, brownish in general colour,
broadly whitish laterally on sides, and the stubby bristles of integument
showing very plainly, the white rows mostly on median region. Three
specimens.

The above stages have heen separated solely by examination, but are
probably approximately correct. Described from alcoholic specimens,
swept from alfalfa May 28, 1891. Specimens of the same larva, from 3
to 7 mm. long, had been previously swept from alfalfa, May g to 12.
General colour noted in life. (Nos. 18, 30.)

(6).—YELLOWISH LARVA, WITH BLACK WARTS OR TUBERCLES.

Length, nearly 7 mm. Five pairs of prolegs, on usual segments.
Hardly any hairs above, rather long hairs on sides and below, all these
hairs directed downward. Head black, with a yellow triangular area in
middle, and with yellowish oral region and antenne. Prothorax with
six black spiniferous tubercles in a transverse row, and two, blackish
markings on posterior border. Other thoracic segments with the same
six black tubercles, and also with two similar but somewhat smaller
yellowish tubercles, one on each side of the median pair of black ones.
All the abdominal segments, except the anal, with the same tubercles as
last two thoracic segments, but each in addition with a median anterior
pair of small blackish tubercles situated between and slightly anterior to

the median large pair.
One specimen, swept from alfalfa May 12, 1891. Colour noted in life.

(No. 79.)
(c).— PALE GREENISH, NEARLY BARE’ LARVA. .

Length, 8 mm, Light-greenish, inclining to brownish posteriorly, with a
whitish stripe on each side of the body. Five usual pairs of prolegs. Integu-
ment bare and without hairs,except on venter. Head and feet lightcoloured,
pale-yellowish. Methorax with a pair of black spots on dorsum, each spot
just inside the lateral white stripe. Fifth (first abdominal) segment with
a pair of larger black spots, one on each side just outside or below the
lateral whitish stripe. Each of the lateral whitish stripes with two narrow
brown lines running its whole length and more approximated to lower
border. The greenish median portion has three lighter narrow longitu-
dinal lines, one being median, and the outer ones very closely approxi-
mated to the lateral whitish stripes.

One specimen, swept May 9, t89t. Colour noted after a few days’
immersion in alcohol, (No. 29.)

939 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(@).—PALE-VELLOWISH, RATHER STOUT AND QUITE HAIRY LARVA, WITH
BROWNISH STRIPES.

Length, ro mm. Ground colour very pale-yellowish or whitish. Five
usual pairs of prolegs. Head, prothorax, anal segment and whole ventral
surface especially pale. A lateral rather wide stripe on each side encloses
the spiracles ; each section of it, corresponding to an abdominal segment
(except on anal), marked by the spiracle in the centre, and extended into
a sharp prolongation dorsad, ventrad and caudad (especially the first two),
bearing a small dark papilla from which springs a long hair; a similar
papilla below the sections bears a similar hair. Dorsum of larva with
three pairs of brownish longitudinal lines, a median and two lateral ones.
Between these are whitish and pale-brownish lines, the dorsal integument
being covered with short, stubby bristles of these colours; and each seg-
ment with two pairs of light, smooth and naked tubercles, each bearing a
rather long hair, the anterior pair of tubercles more approximated to each
other than the hind pair. The head and prothorax also bear hairs.

One specimen, swept May 28th, r89t. (No. 228)

(¢).—GREEN LARVA, WITH A WHITISH LINE ALONG EACH SIDE OF BODY.

Length, 14 mm. Venter light. Usual five pairs of prolegs. Whole
surface of body, both above and below, evenly and quite thickly clothed
with fine, short hairs. Head concolorous, similarly clothed with hairs.
Hairs arising each from a small, black, dot-like tubercle, which occupies
the centre of a circular naked areole, the rest of the epidermis being
covered with microscopic black spines which appear only as_ closely
approximated minute specks under a high power lens. These areoles are
particularly distinct on dorsal regions, somewhat less so on sides of
venter, the median ventral region and head not showing the microscopic
epidermal specks. The dots from which the hairs arise are also absent
on median ventral region. The principal segments show five transverse
wrinkles or folds above, dividing the dorsum of the segment into six
transverse sections ; each section usually bears a row of areoles, though
some have additional ones irregularly interspersed, which are usually:
smaller. These transverse wrinkles stop at the whitish Jateral line on,
each side, which defines the lateral edge of dorsum.

One specimen, swept May 12, 189t. Colour noted in life. (No. 78.).
(/).—GREEN LARVA SIMILAR TO PRECEDING.

Length, about 23 mm. This exactly resembles the preceding (e),
except in one or two details, which may indicate its distinctness, or may

—ao

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 233

indicate only a greater number of moults. If it is not the same, it isa
very closely allied species. Colour 1s green, with two lateral longitudinal
narrow whitish stripes, one marking the lateral edge of dorsum on each
side and enclosing the spiracles, and in addition a median dorsal pair of
similar stripes. Head is lighter than dorsum, approaching more nearly
the colour of the stripes ; venter light. The same microscopic black
epidermal specks or spines are present, and the same naked areoles with
dot-like tubercles in the centre, but the portion of the integument covered
by the dorsal stripes has lost both apparently. These are shown, how-
ever, to be lost only in colour, the microscopic spines being apparent in
the stripes where the integument is transversely folded, but they are con-
colorous instead of black. Their colour is also nearly lost on anal
segment. Dot-like hair tubercles of head brown.

One specimen, swept Oct. 24, 1892. General colour noted in life.
(No. 365.)

(g).—-VERY SLENDER AND ELONGATED BROWNISH SPAN-WorM.

Length, 9 mm. Two pairs of proportionally large prolegs, on seg-
ments 12 and 13. Colour brownish, with a somewhat lighter ventral line,
and a pale lateral stripe or line on each side. Head, prothoracic seg-
ment and anal extremity light. Abdominal segments very elongated,
almost bare, with some sparse minute tubercles giving rise to hairs. The
main abdominal segments are more noticeable for being divided by
minute transverse constrictions or wrinkles extending completely around
the body into something like thirty or more transverse sections to the
segment. :

One specimen, swept May 28, 18g1. Colour from alcoholic speci-
men. (No. 229.)

(4 ).—PALE COLOURED FALSE SPAN-WORM.

Length, 4mm. Three pairs of prolegs, on segments 9, 10 and 13.
Light or pale coloured, with small brownish warts and hairs. Somewhat
elongate, and rather slender. Segments not elongate. Head nearly con-
colorous, slightly more yellowish and polished. About twelve small,
flattened-conical tubercles to each abdominal segment, each tubercle
bearing a hair, and some smaller ones on ventral surface below.
Tubercles in an irregular transverse row. Except the tubercles, the inte-
gument is apparently naked under the lens.

One specimen, swept May 28, 1891. Colour noted in life, (No. 230.)

234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(?).—LIGHT GREEN FALSE SPAN-WORM.

Length, 7 to$ mm. ‘Three pairs of prolegs, on segments 9, 10 and
13. Elongate and rather slim, light green in colour. Segments not
longer than wide; with but very few short hairs, each arising from a
minute pale brownish dot in centre of a rather indistinct tubercle, a dozen
or so to each principal segment. Head likewise with hairs, which arise
from less plain dots. In addition to these, there is on each side of seg-
ments 5 to 11 a conspicuous black tubercle bearing a hair, these tubercles
being of same form as the others, but appearing much more conspicuous
and larger because of the black pigment they possess.

Two specimens, swept May 12, 1891. (No. 80.)

Note.—The measurements given above were made from the alcoholic
specimens, and are somewhat (usually a millimeter or so) less than what
the same specimens measured in life.

CORRESPONDENCE.
REARING SPHINX CHRYSALIDS.

Sir: On the 30th of July, 1892, I saw a Sphinx larva digging into the
ground at the foot of an ash tree, evidently with the intention of burying
itself preparatory to transforming. I put it into a box I had in my
satchel, and forgot it until three days after. When t opened the box there
was a perfectly formed chrysalid instead. I placed it on the same bed
that the Quinguemacu/ata of my former record had matured upon (CAN.
Ent., Vol. 24, p. 237), and paid no further attention to it. On the 2oth
of June, 1893, that chrysalid gave forth a Sphinx chersis, Hub., large in
size, perfect in form and rich in colouring. This surely proves that mois-
ture is not an absolute necessity for the maturing of Sphinx pupe, of
these kinds at least.

In my earlier efforts to obtain moths from Sphinx pupee I had no
success. Being under the impression that moist soil was necessary for
their maturing, all the careful attention I could give them was unavailing ;
they invariably died. Observing that soil getting between the segments
of the abdomen irritated them greatly, and kept them constantly wriggling,
I got some growing moss, put it on a plate, placed the chrysalids on it,
moistening it slightly, when all my troubles with them disappeared,—no
more moulding or drying up, they matured without fail, and the moths
emerged in perfect condition. This simple method was to me a most
gratifying success. I could now obtain the moths with no special attention
required for the chrysalids,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235

In nature, the larva makes a cavity in the soil to. transform in, press-
ing the soil firm and making the inside of the cavity as smooth as that
of a silken cocoon. So that the pupa lies perfectly free, which will
account for the fact that when placed in soil they always work themselves
to the surface. Freedom from irritating matter is then, I suspect, one of
the principal factors for successful maturing of them. And to those that
have passed the winter in natural conditions, moisture may be another,
but those that have begun their pupal existence in unnatural conditions
do not seem to feel the need of it.

We know that it is comparatively an easy thing to get the pupa from
a sphinx larva, besides getting the imago from the pupa; if, then, such
pupz can be matured without the labour and care required to get up and
maintain “natural conditions,” with the. probability of a disappointing
failure at the end of it all, what an inducement it would offer to many to
undertake the rearing of them who are now prevented from attempting it
by the elaborate preparations that seem required to ensure success.
Whilst, if safety and a soft bed is all that is required for success, many a
valuable chrysalid that is now rejected or neglected, under the impression
that it would be hopeless to attempt to rear it with the means they have
on hand, might be reared to add rare forms to a collection, or even to
aid in the identification of earlier stages of some of the species. An ex-
periment on an extensive scale in this direction is well worth the making.

J. Atston Morrar.

BOOK NOTICE.

BRIEF GUIDE TO THE COMMONER BUTTERFLIES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED
STATES AND CANADA: by'S. H. Scudder. Henry Holt & Co.,
r2mo., pp., XI + 206., 1893.

It has been known for some time that Mr. Scudder has in preparation

a Manual of the Butterflies of the Northern United States and Canada,

similar to Gray’s Manual of Plants, and all must agree that such a work

is much needed. The present “ Brief Guide” has, however, been pro-
duced in the meantime to meet a demand for something even less
technical, by means of which boys and girls might be tempted to enter
the ever charming fairy-land of science by having an easy way laid open
before them. ‘There are few objects in nature which so soon thrust

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
themselves upon the notice of young people as flowers and insects, and of
these none have been so useful as a first stepping-stone or allurement to the

ee

realms of Natural History as butterflies,—‘‘ those winged creatures of
beauty which add such a charm to the summer landscape.”

There was not, however, until now any work which could be placed
in the hands of bovs or girls who had caught a common butterfly, by
means of which they could identify and find out something of the life-
history of their newly-found treasure. This want Mr. Scudder has filled
with his Brief Guide, in which he treats chiefly of “ those butterflies—less
than a hundred of them—which would almost surely be met with by any in-
dustrious collector in the course of a year’s or two years’ work in the
more populous Northern States and in Canada.” Should a young
collector, therefore, be lucky enough to capture a butterfly not mentioned
in the book, he may be sure that he has taken a rarity, which, as the
author remarks, is ‘‘a discovery not always distressing to the amateur.”
The introductory chapters, upon some of the points which will at once
present themselves to a beginner, are excellent—concise, clearly expressed
and accurate, and treat of such subjects as :—What are butterflies? theit
structure, habits, variations, and life-histories. There are three keys for
identification, based on the perfect insect, the caterpillar and the egg, and
pages 63 to 174 are taken up with short accounts, systematically arranged,
of the insects treated of. There is a short glossary and an appendix
giving instructions for collecting, rearing and studying butterflies.

On the whole this is a very useful little work, well prepared, con-
venient in size, well printed and well got up. It is, of course, arranged
after the same system as Mr. Scudder’s great work, “ The Butterflies of
the Eastern United States and Canada,” and many of the views there ex-
pressed are repeated here. The nomenclature is also the same, but the
names more frequently used by other authors are also given. A good
feature of the work is that the proper pronunciation of every name
is shown by accents, and a popular English name is given for each
species. The author’s observations on dimorphism of some species, as
of Colias Eurytheme and Papilio Ajax, do not seem quite to agree with
those published by Mr. W. H. Edwards. It would be difficult, however,
to treat such subjects fully in the space allotced to each species in this
Brief Guide, which, we think, all who use it will agree is too brief, and
they would like much more of it, of the same style.—J. F.

Mailed September 9th,

—— ——————————— Cl

Be hae
Che Canatiay Hentomologist

MOL! KOR. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1893.

No. to.

WASHINGTON TENTHREDINIDA AND UROCERID-.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

The specimens on which the present paper has been based were
collected by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washington. They were
all collected near that city except a few, which were taken along the
Skokomish River. Great credit is due Mr. Kincaid for bringing together
so large a collection. The specimens are deposited in the entomological
collection of Cornell University.

TENTHREDINIDA.
Trichtosoma ~triangulum, Kirby.

36 6, June 6, 22, 23, 1892. They agree perfectly with Norton’s
description of this species, except the apical segments of the antenne,
which are entirely black.

Zarea americana, Cress.

292 9, April 17 and May 23, 1892.
Lylotoma abdominalis, Leach.

192, May 3, 1892. Skokomish River.
Lylotoma Macleayi, Leach.

r 9 May 11, 1892.

Euura abbiricta, Cress.

12, Skokomish River, May 8, 1892,
Nematus castaneus, Kirby.

A single female, which in all probability belongs to this species, has
two broad black bands on the lateral lobes of the mesothorax and two
less distinct bands on the median lobe ; the square spot on the vertex is
fuscous, a small spot between the antennz and the base of the sinus from

+ The following is omitted from Cresson’s synopsis. It will probably prove to be a
variety of ¢-zangulum and not the European species.

vitellina, Linn.

1882. Zrichtosoma, Kirby, List Hymen., Brit. Mus., I., ro.

Habitat.—-Vancouver’s Island, Rocky Mountains, (Europe),

lo
SO

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

above the antennee to the clypeus is black ; the clypeus is distinctly emar-
inate, and just beyond the middle of the.second submarginal cell there
is a small fuscous speck.
Nematus luteolus, Nort.

Two males, which I think belong here, have a broad margin to the
abdominal segments; the margin is broadest on the middle segments,
almost interruptedly transversely fasciate, the apex of the abdomen and
the entire venter honey-yellow.

Nematus, Sp.

There are six species in the collection which are probably new ; in the
present state of the genus it seems best to leave them undescribed.
Messa atra, Sp. nov.

Head, labium, mandibles, antennz, thorax, abdomen, cox except at
apex, and femora at middle, black; clypeus acutely emarginate, labium
broadly rounded ; head and thorax sericeous ; middle mesothoracic lobe
with a central groove on its anterior half; abdomen black, apical seg-
ment above slightly rufous ; coxz black, at apex fuscous ; femora at base
and apex white, with a broad median black band; anterior and middle
tibiz fuscous, darker beneath, hind tibia black, at base white; spurs
fuscous ; anterior and middle tarsi at base fuscous, apex black, hind tarsi
black ; wings hyaline, veins piceous, stigma lighter at base. Length, 7 mm.

19, April 14, 1892. Related to sa/icis, Ashm., but differs by its
rounded labium and black abdomen.

Dolerus borealis, sp. Nov.

Body stout, black, except the two lateral lobes of the mesothorax, which
are reddish-brown ; head, thorax and pleurz densely coarsely punctured ;
antenne slender, third and fourth joints subequal ; clypeus deeply emar-
ginate ; two feeble longitudinal sinuses on the vertex each side of the
ocelli ; body densely sericeous, especially around the mouth and on the
legs ; inner tooth of claw stout, distinct ; wings slightly fuscous, veins,
costa and stigma black. Length, 11 mm.

29 9, May 22, 1892.

Dolerus sericeus, Say.

32 2, May 11, June 6, 1892, and April 20, 1893. This last speci-
men measures 12 mm., and the wings are clearer than in typical speci-
mens, but otherwise I can find no distinguishing character.

> ee

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259

Blennocampa atrata, sp. nov.

Shining black ; antenne as long as head and thorax, third joint more
than twice as long as fourth; clypeus truncated, labium small, triangular ;
femora at apex, front and middle tibia before, hind tibia, except at apex,
and basal membrane, smoky white ; wings transparent, slightly washed
with yellowish, veins, costa and stigma black, transverse marg'nal nervure
received a little beyond the middle of the third submarginal cell.
Length, 7 mm.

ro, May 7.) 1593-

Monophadnus atracornus, sp. nov.

Shining black, impunctate; head entirely black, apex of clypeus
slightly emarginate ; antenne as long as head and thorax, third joint one-
third longer than fourth; tegula, apex of all the femora, the tibize and
front and middle tarsi, except at apex, white; apex of al! the tibiz, the
apex of the front and middle tarsi and the whole of the hind tarsi,
infuscated or black ; wings hyaline, slightly smoky, iridescent, costa and
stigma brownish ; transverse marginal nervure bowed, received near the
apex of the third submarginal cell. Length, 7 mm.

29 9, May 18, 1892; April 30, 1893. Most closely allied to J.
tilie, Nort.
floplocampa pallipes, sp. nov.

Head ferruginous; antennz, small square spot between antenne, apex
of mandibles, spot at ocelli, black ; clypeus emarginate, labrum rounded ;
antennee not pilose or hairy ; thorax light ferruginous, prothorax and collar
narrowly margined with black, tegule and pleure testaceous ; abdomen
short. broad, broadest at middle ; the basal plates, the venter, a narrow
lateral margin, and the three apical segments ferruginous, the remainder
of the dorsum black, in one specimen the basal plates are black ; legs
entirely ferruginous, sericeous ; wings hyaline, veins luteous. Length, 5mm.

32 9, Skokomish River, May 8th.
Monostegia Kincaidii, sp. nov.

Head, antenne, labium and mandibles black; face sericeous ;
antennze reaching to base of thorax, flattened, third joint scarcely longer
than fourth; clypeus slightly emarginate; thorax black, prothorax
narrowly margined with white; abdominal segments one to five with
basal whitish bands, broadly interrupted at middle, segments three to
six very narrowly tipped with white ; legs black, apex of anterior femora

240) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and tibia beneath white, middle and posterior tibiae densely sericeous ;
wings hyaline, slightly obscure, veins black, costa and stigma brownish,
first branchial and second submarginal cells with a black dot. Length,
7 mm.

16,79 ¢, April 17, 1892, on the catkins ef Salix flavescens, and
May 7th, 18¢43. ‘Two specimens with the venation of //arpiphorus
probably belong here.

Labidia opimus, Cress.

rd, June 25, 1892.
Macrophya californica, Nort.

Three females, two from the Skokomish River, May sth, on Azdes
bracteosum. These specimens do not agree perfectly with Norton’s
description, but they differ more among themselves than from the
description. ‘The interrupted band on the abdomen and the black spot

on the hind coxe are wanting, in one specimen the abdomen is reddish-
brown, and the antennz, except the basal segment, entirely black.

Macrophya oregona, Cress.

1 9.—Differs from Cresson’s description only in having a small white
spot on basal plates. ’

Macrophya magnifica, Sp. nov.

Black ; labrum, clypeus, mandibles, except at tip, palpi, cheeks,
an elongate spot on inner orbits above the antennz, spot beneath the
antenne, the carina above the base of the antenna, tegule, a broad band
on collar, subinterrupted at middle, a Jarge spot on each thoracic pleura,
the scutellum, lines on the sides of the thorax and at the base of the
wings, the edges of the basal plates, a band extending along the edge of
the abdomen from the basal plates to the apex of the seventh segment,
band broadest on the venter, legs, except a line above and the apex of
the posterior femora, which are black, olive-white ; antenne, sternum,
venter except the lateral yellow band, and back of the head, black ; the
five apical segments of the abdomen and the saw reddish-brown ; the
basal segment of the antenne large, globular, the third as long as the
fourth and fifth together ; wings slightly infuscated, veins black, the costa
and stigma at base brownish ; lanceolate cell with a straight cross-nervure,
Length, 12 mm.

19, June 4, 1892.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241

Strongylogaster pacificus, sp. NOV.

Female.—Black ; head and pleurve covered with a dense sericeous pile;
third and fourth antennal joints subequal ; sinus at sides of ocelli almost
reaching the back of the head; head and thorax remotely and coarsely
punctured, the palpi, the tegulz, the front angles of the thorax, the coxz
except at base, the trochanters, the front femora, the apical half of the
middie and hind femora, the front and middle tibiz, the basal half and
apex of the hind tibia, and the front and middle tarsi, white ; abdomen,
except the basal plates and the first segment, which are black, honey-
yellow ; apex of the abdomen with a whorl of black hairs, concealing the
saw, the venter honey-yellow, with a narrow black band along each side ;
wings transparent, their base and the costa yellow, the stigma brown, its
lower edge lighter, lanceolate cell without oblique cross-vein, hind wings
with two middle cells. Length, 6-8 mm.

. Var.— Black markings of the legs less distinct, dorsal abdominal seg-
ments 3-5 with a small fuscous spot at middle, segments 6-9 with a
transverse black band, covering almost the entire segment, apex black.

Male.—Does not differ except in wanting the whorl of hairs at the
apex of the abdomen and in having all the legs white.

iad oy 3\0"9 3 May 18-22, 1892 5 April'30, May 7, 1893; a single
male from the Skokomish River.

Strongylogaster primativus, sp. Nov.

Female.— Black, antenne short, third and fourth joints subequal ; cly-
peus and labrum dirty white ; head sparsely punctured, thorax impunc-
tate ; the tegule, the front angles of the thorax the cox except at base,
the trochanters, the apex of the femora, the front and middle tibize (in
some specimens slightly clouded), the base of the posterior tibia, and the
base of the front and middle tarsi, waxen white ; abdomen black, venter
and pectus black, the venter margined each side with a yellow band, in
some specimens these bands coalesce on the venter and form a narrow
margin on the dorsum ; wings hyaline, yellowish at base, veins black, the
apex of the costa and stigma black, lanceolate cell open, with a perpen-
dicular cross-nervure, in some wings the cross-vein is represented only by
points on the longitudinal veins, hind wings with two middle cells.
Length, 9 mm.

Male.—Smaller, not so robust, legs whitish-yellow, except the pos-
terior tibiz and tarsi, which are fuscous ; a narrow margin to abdominal
segments 2-5, and the apex of the abdomen yellow.

1g andrs5 3 9, April 20 and May 19-23,

2492 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Tenthredo Barnstonii, Kirby.

1 ¢, poor condition; the legs are entirely ferruginous, the hind legs
are darker than the anterior ones.
Tenthredo nigricostata, Prov.

1 @, July 22, 1892. This is probably the same as erythromera,
Prov;
Tenthredo xanthus, Nort.

19, May 21st. The light spot above the cox and the black lines
on the tergum are wanting. ‘There is a black dot above the base of the
antennie.

Tenthredo scaevola, Cress.

29 9, May 7, 1893.
Tenthredopsis transversa, Sp. NOv.

Black ; clypeus white; palpi, tegula, collar, narrow elongated spot
from tegulz, apices of the cox, the femora, except a black line above,
the front and middle tibia, a line on the hind tibia beneath, the front and
middle tarsi beneath, the venter, a narrow margin to abdominal segments
2-5, and the apex of the abdomen, yellow; the basal membrane and
very narrow margin to abdominal segments 6-8, white; the clypeus
slightly emarginate, the vertex finely punctured ; the thorax impunctate ;
antenne long, slender, black, segments 3-5 equal; wings transparent,
veins black, costa and stigma lighter at base ; hind wings with two dis-
tinct middle cells. Length, 8 mm.

2¢ ¢, Mav 18, 1892; May 7, 1893.

Tenthredopsis ruficorna, sp. Nov.

Black ; the clypeus, the labrum, the mandibles, except at tip, a spot
between the antennz, two spots above the antenne, the cheeks, a broad
postocular band, an interocular band, broader from opposite antennz
below, continued narrowly to the postocular band, the prothorax, tegule,
a spot below the tegule, a trapezoidal spot on pleure, a spot above pos-
terior cox, a slender line above this spot, front and middle coxz, and
posterior coxie, except two longitudinal black lines, waxen white ;
antenne, except two basal joints, black, honey-yellow above ; cenchri,
abdomen, except immediate base of basal places, and legs, except coxe,
honey-yellow ; clypeus scarcely emarginate, labrum rounded; segments
3-5 of antennze subequal ; wings yeliowish-hyaline, veins fuscous, costa
and stigma honey-yellow ; hind wings with one or two middle cells,
Length, rr mm.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243

19, May 22, 1892. This may prove to be a variety of Zenthredo
rujicoxa, Prov.

Lyda olympia, sp. nov.

Ferruginous, shining ; segments 10-24 of antennz, spots at base of
antennz and narrow line between, beneath the ocelli, prothorax, meta-
thorax above and on sides, basal plates, the sutures of the venter, and
the apex of the abdomen, black ; cheeks, clypeus, interior orbits and
between the antenne, vellowish ; antenne twenty-four-jointed, first and
third segments subequal, third segment three times as long as fourth ;
posterior femora infuscated at base, otherwise the legs entirely ferruginous ;
front tibia with a single side spur ; wings yellowish-hyaline, veins yellow-
ish, stigma darker at base, third submarginal cell broader and slightly
longer than second, second branchial cell without cross-nervure ; hind
wings with apparently tnree closed cells. Length, 14 mm.

If, June 11, 1892. This may be ducephada, Cress.

UROCERIDA.
Oryssus occidentalis, Cress.

12, the head is wanting, but the specimen without much doubt
belongs to this species. The two basal abdomina] segments are black.
Urocerus albicornis, Fabr.

t Female.

Urocerus apicalis, Kirby.

1f. The last dorsal abdominal segment is flattened.
Urocerus Behrensii, Cres.

1%, probably belongs here, the wings are entirely fuscous, the apex
of the antennz and all the tarsi are yellow.
Urocerus flavipennis, Kirby.

32 ¢. One from the Skokomish River, Aug. 7. Only one specimen
has the spots on the side of the abdomen, another has the antennz en-
tirely yellow.

Urocerus indecisus, sp. NOV.

Antenne, head, thorax, basal plates, first and apex of the last abdo-
minal segment, a band each side below, and all the legs except the two
apical segments of the tarsi, black ; the remainder of the abdomen and
tarsi brown; antenne twenty-two-jointed ; wings slightly fuscous, the
veins black, the second transverse cubital vein with a stump of a vein on
the inner side; cornus long, suddenly narrowed at apex, apex with several
teeth. Length, 16 mm.; alar expanse, 26mm. 1%.

244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Urocerus riparius, sp. Nov.

Black ; clypeus, labrum, mandibles except at tip, spot behind the
eye, joints 3-9 of the antenne, prothorax, apex of the front and middle
femora, their tibia and tarsi, the base of the hind tibia and metatarsus,
the two apical segments of their tarsi, and abdominal segments three to
six, yellow ; antennc twenty-one-jointed, the yellow band on the antenne
is clouded with fuscous and varies in width; wings yellow, slightly
clouded, veins black. Length, 22 mm.; alar expanse, 33 mm. Two
males, one from Skokomish River, May 3.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE. LARVA OF CERTAIN
TENTHREDINID.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.
Hemichroa americana, Provancher.
(The alder saw-fly).

Described as a Dineura, but the lanceolate cell is contracted in the
middle, not petiolate. The second recurrent nervure is received very
near the end of the second submarginal cell, almost at the intersection of
second and third submarginal cells.

¢.—Shining black, the legs brownish-yellow, all the coxz, the apical
third of posterior tibiz and posterior tarsi black. Wings smoky, ‘but
nyaline along the outer margin. Nervures and stigma black.

2 .—Head and body yellowish-brown; antenne, eyes, metathorax
and legs as in the ¢, black, or all the femora more or less black. Black
markings somewhat variable.

A smoky spot in the centre of the second submarginal cell in both
Sexes.

15 ¢ 6,8 @ 9.—Bred from larve on d/nus serrudata, at Woods’
Holl., Mass., and Rhinebeck, N.Y.

Eggs.—Laid in saw cuts opening below on the petiole and base of
midrib of a leaf. The cuts are in one or two rows, along one or both
sides of the rib, nearly contiguous.

First stage.—Eating a little hole or slit through the leaf. Head
rounded, higher than wide, pale brown, eye black; width, 0.3 mm.
Body curved into an S shape outside of the hole in the leaf, through
which the larva readily moves. Translucent honey-yellow, annulate,
scarcely shining; the alimentary canal gives a greenish tinge by trans-

parency.

EE ———————<«— =

Or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 24

Second stage-—Much as before. Width of head, 0.4 mm. Body
rather dark honey-yellow, greenish tinged. Two transverse rows of sub-
conical tubercles are seen on each segment, bearing minute setze which
are blackish.

Third stage.-—Head brown, shining, eye black, mouth dark ; width,
0.55 mm. Body greenish-yellow, rather sordid and only slightly shining.
Thoracic feet slightly marked with black and traces of lateral and broken
substigmatal black lines appear, most distinct centrally. Setiferous
tubercles blackish.

Fourth stage -—WHead minutely pilose, blackish-brown, eye black ;
width, 0.75 mm. Thoracic feet pale. Body marked as in the next stage,
but the tubercles are larger in proportion, and the subventral black
patches are rounder and more evidently cover the anterior and posterior
patches of tubercles.

fifth stage-—Head brownish-black ; width, 1.0 mm. Practically as in
the next stage. The body tubercles are tinged with brownish.

Sixth stage.—Head well-rounded, slightly acute at vertex, not con-
spicuously flattened before ; shining black, sparsely pilose ; width, 1.4 mm.
(or as jarge as 1.7 mm. in some ? ¢). Thoracic feet spreading, black,
pale at the joints. Abdominal feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 pos-
teriorly (22 feet). Body smooth, subannulate or creased, not shining.
colour subtranslucent greenish-ochre,with an even, continuous, black lateral

‘line, and a geminate interrupted subventral one. Two transverse rows
r)}

of smooth, inconspicuous, concolorous, setiferous tubercles on each seg-
ment, of moderate size and arranged subventrally in the black patches
in clusters. Venter pale. Joints 2 and 13 posteriorly of a darker ochre,
The larvee rest on the edge of a leaf, and lash the posterior part of their
bodies vigorously when disturbed, holding on to the leaf by the thoracic
feet. ,

Seventh stage.—The larve do not feed in this stage, but enter the
ground soon after moulting. Head as before, its width the same (1.4-1.7
mm.) Body much the same, but smooth. ‘The tubercles are represented
by elliptical watery areas in three rows on each segment, with rudimentary
sete. The colour is a rather opaque yellow, with no shade from the
alimentary canal. The black marks are the same.

Cocoon.—Formed beneath the ground ; thin, crusty and brittle ; ellip-
tical and of uniform texture, brown in colour. Size, 8x4 mm.

246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Pupa.—Much like the mature insect, but with rudimentary wings.
All brownish-yellow, the legs, cases and antenne darker, eyes blackish.

The flies emerged in August.

Cresus latitarsus, Norton.
(The white birch saw-fly.)

Hgegs.—\aid closely along the midrib or larger veins on the under
side of the leaf, about half enclosed in median saw-cuts which are dis-
tended by the eggs so that they le obliquely in contact. Soft, translucent
white ; seen to be very minutely punctured under a magnification of 60
diameters. Size, 1.4x.6 mm.

First stage.—Eating holes through the leaf, which soon become con-
fluent; lashing the body. Head round, a little higher than wide, full at
vertex ; shining black; width, o.4 mm. Body light shining greenish.
Tubercles very obscure, not setiferous, only the subventral ones distinct
and nearly concolorous. ‘Thoracic feet blackish; the segments of body

obscurely annulate.

Second stage-—Head very smooth, even brownish-black, pale above
the mouth; width, 0.55 mm. Body olive-green, the subventral ridge

and feet blackish. No setz seen.
‘

Third stage-—Head black ; width, 0.75 mm. Much the same.
Fourth stage.-—Head, 1.05 mm. wide. Markings much as before.

Fifth stage.—Head round, full at vertex, well rounded, not pointed,
without trace of sutures ; flattened in front over clypeus, with a few slight
clypeal dents. Entirely shining black; width, 1.6 mm. Body indistinctly
4-annulate, watery shining smooth; no dots, but minute black sete
represent them. Thoracic feet large, spreading, black, pale centrally.
Abdominal feet present on joints 6-11 and 13 (20 feet), with a medio-
ventral eversible gland, posterior to each pair on joints 6-1ro. These
glands are longer than the feet, when everted, are coloured rather darker
than the body. When disturbed the larva throws its body up over its
head and the ventral glands are quickly everted and retracted. Ground
colour honey-yellow heavily shaded with greenish black, the yellow
appearing On joint 2 anteriorly, stigmatally and on the abdominal feet.

Sixth stage-—Width of head, 2.2 mm. As before, but smooth; no
sete seen. Joint 2, the dorsal and stigmatal irregular bands and abdom-
inal feet honey-yellow, leaving the black shading most distinct subdorsally

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247

and substigmatally, forming a series of very black subdorsai patches or
spreading largely over the body. At the end of this stage the larva enters
the earth without moulting.

Cocoon.—Formed beneath the ground; elliptical, rather thick, firm,
opaque, black. Size, 11 x 4.5 mm. Imagos appeared August 1. Larvae
found on the leaves of Betula populifolia at Woods’ Holl., Mass., and
Plattsburgh, N. Y.

Fenusa varipes, St. F.
(The imported alder leaf-miner.)

Abundant on Alnus serrulata at Woods’ Holl., Mass., causing the
leaves to turn brown and fall. c

Fgg.—A slight circular swelling in the leaf, visible on both surfaces,
0.5 in diameter. ‘The egg is thin, delicate, milky white, about o.3 mm
in diameter, inserted under the epidermis by a saw cut.

First stage.—Mines under the upper epidermis usually less than 1 mm.
in diameter, rarely as large as 1.5 mm., starting from the egg puncture.
Head much flattened, broader than long, mouth parts projecting, the
lateral lobes bulging, pale watery brownish; width, 0.25 mm. Body
flattened, deeply incised, joint 2 wide, joints 3-4 rapidly tapering, the
rest of even width, joint 13 rounded. Feet imperceptible with a lens.
Colour translucent watery, scarcely whitish, alimentary canal green.
Length, 1 mm.

Second stage.—Laike the preceding stage, but thoracic segments larger
and body more deeply incised. Milky translucent, the alimentary canal
green, head brownish, 0.3 mm. wide. Feet very rudimentary, but visible.
Cervical shield present, large, not very distinct. Burrow about 3 mm.
diameter.

Third stage.—As before. Width of head, o.4 mm.; diameter of bur-
row, about 6 mm.

Fourth stage——Much as in the next stage. Cervical shield covering
the anterior half of joint 2, very faintly brownish, as are the thoracic feet.
Head rather paler than in the next stage, 0.55 mm. wide. Burrow about
To-12 mm. in diameter.

Fifth stage.— Head much flattened, mouth projecting in front, clypeus
occupying the central third of what is the upper surface ; lobes rounded,
projecting laterally ; ocellus nearly central. Colour honey-brown, paler,
almost whitish toward vertex, which is withdrawn beneath joint 2 ; mouth
dark brown, eye black ; width, 0.75 mm. Abdominal feet very rudi-

245 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
mentary, present on joints 5-12 (none on joint 13). Thoracic feet small,
almost lateral, indistinctly jointed, faintly brownish, not used. Body
flattened, rounded, of nearly even width, segmental incisures distinct and
broad, segments faintly 3-annulate. Colour shining whitish, subtrans-
lucent, the alimentary canal green. No anal plate, but a very large,
bisected, brownish cervical shield. No tubercles nor sete distinguishable.
Burrows large, spreading from 28-35 x 14-9 mm., often becoming confluent
with others over the whole leaf, transforming the upper surface into one
continuous brown blister.

Sixth stage—On attaining this stage the larva burst through the
upper epidermis and fall to the ground, eating nothing after the moult.
Head slightly darker than body, shining, mouth brown, eye dark brown ;
width, 0.75 mm. Body shining pale yellowish-white, with no discolorous
shade from the alimentary canal. On joints 5-12 two watery transverse
areas on each segment, the anterior composed of two dorsal dots, the
posterior of two elongate pyriform subdorsal patches, slightly elevated
and connected over the dorsum. Feet concolorous. Length, about
5.5 Mm.

Pupa.—Yormed in an elliptical cell in the ground ; entirely pale
yellowish, the eyes brown-black.

(TO BE. CONTINUED.)

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF NEME-
OPHILA SCUDDERI, PACK.
BY H. H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.

Eggs laid July 9-10. Round, considerably flattened at base, honey-
yellow, shining, under a microscope very slightly and irregularly pitted,
viéa Of an inch in diameter.

Hatched July 17-18, egg period eight days.

Young larva.—Length, about one-tenth of an inch. Head brown,
rather lighter below. Body, dull greenish-yellow, with lead coloured
warts and long hairs of a brown colour.

I failed to observe the first moult, but the following description was
taken on August 16th, just before what I believed to be the second
moult. Length, i’ to 36 inch. Head small, slightly and obtusely
bilobed, black and shining, with a few hairs about mouth parts.

Body above generally dark, but occasionally rather light in colour, with
Io or 12 warts on each segment. ‘These warts are round, black and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 249

shining, clothed with dense tufts of black hairs, mixed with reddish-
brown ones on the top of the sth to the gth segments. Below greenish-
black, feet and prop-legs concolorous and semi-transparent.

After second moult.—Length, 34 to = inch. Same as before, except
that the skin is blacker and there are some rather long tufts or pencils of
hair on the hind segments, and there is a patch of foxy hair on the top of
the 5th, 6th and 7th segments. Feet black.

After third moult.—Length, 5% to tt inch. Head black, slightly and
obtusely bilobed.

Body black, the warts, 10 or 12 on each segment, are black and
shining, and arranged in a transverse row of 10, with two in front of the
general line in: the middle, thus... . . . oi hh ae ae The warts are fur-
nished with radiating tufts of bristles, which are either black, foxy-red or
yellowish, according to their position. Those on the top of the 5th, 6th and
7th segments are foxy-red, and those on the two lowest lateral rows of
warts and the lower hairs of the third row are of a yellowish-brown colour.
The rest of the hairs are black, and those towards the anal extremity are
rather longer than the others. Feet black, prop-legs dark, with a small
wart, with a few short bristles on the outside of each ; segments without
prop-legs have small warts underneath.

Passing 4th moult September 6th.—

After fourth moult.—Length at rest, 34 inch; in motion, 7 inch.
Colours the same as before, but with more foxy-red, which now extends
from the 5th to gth segments inclusive, and is not confined to the top, but
extends down to meet the lighter coloured hairs along the sides, so that
the black hairs are confined to the upper part of the 2nd to 4th and 1oth
to 13th segments, and a few along the sub-dorsal region on the 7th to oth
segments.

Began spinning up about 14th September.- A very slight cocoon is
made by drawing together leaves or frass with a few threads, and some
of the hairs from the body woven in. In this the caterpillar lies slug-
gishly for several days. before casting its skin and becoming a pupa.

Pupa.—Length, 4% to 54 inch, rounded head and pointed tail, dark
brown in colour.

So slight were the cocoons that nearly all the pup slipped out of them.

Though most of the larve went on to pupation, a few seemed deter-
mined to hibernate full grown, and so were placed in a box in an out-
house, but did not survive.

250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

On gth October I left home for a few days, but before deing so placed
the pupze in the cellar, as I did not expect the imagos to emerge till
spring ; but on examining the cage on 22nd October, after my return, I
found that two or three had emerged in a crippled condition. I thought
this might be caused by the dryness of the house, so tried to moisten the
air by putting a wet sponge in the cage and in other ways, but they still
continued to emerge crippled, and some only partially emerged.

On the 29th October I found one which had emerged, but the right
wing cover was still adhering to the wing. I removed it with difficulty,
many of the scales coming off with it, but none of the wings developed
at all.

Mr. Winn suggested that perhaps the trouble arose from the absence
of the cocoon, slight as it is, and I therefore tried the experiment of
placing the pup in empty cocoons of /alesidota carye. This seemed
to improve matters, and I succeeded in getiing a few perfect specimens.
One perfect female emerged and was left in the cage with two males for
two days, in the hope of securing another lot of eggs, a large box of
plantain having been brought into the house for feeding purposes. I was
unable to watch these specimens, but as I did not suppose that a virgin
female could pass two days with two males without being impregnated,
I put the males in a cyanide bottle and the female ina pill box. A supply
of eggs was secured, but they proved to be sterile.

About a dozen of the pup enveloped in the Halesidota cocoons,
showing no sign of disclosing the imagos, were later placed again in the
cellar in the hope and expectation of their maturing in the spring, but all
were found to be dead on the return of that season. The larve fed
readily on plantain, but were at all times very slugglish. Unlike most
larvee with which I have had anything to do, the faces were not cast in
moulting in the usual manner, but remained attached to the skin.

In one case which was watched, the skin split along the side of the
fore-part of the body. The larva rested for a time, and gathered strength
fora further effort. The skin split further along and the larva again
rested. Another effort, and the head was withdrawn, and then the cater-
pillar struggled out of the old skin. Immediately after the casting of the
old skin the head and warts are honey-yellow, the latter with black points,
and the skin is translucent, but dark in colour. The bristles are rather
matted together, the tufts on top usually crossing each other, the under

——————— —— VS -rmLlrl Tl

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251

surface is decidedly light. The hairs, which later became foxy-red, are then
light-coloured.

This species was described as Nemeophila Selwynii, by the late Henry
Edwards, in Can. Ent., XVII., 65, but there can, I think, be no doubt
that it is identical with that described in Proc. Ent. Soc., Phil., III., 113,
by Dr. A. S. Packard, underthe name of Plactarctia Scudderi, as
follows :—

‘* ¢,—Brownish-black. Sides of the prothorax, orange. Two whitish
bands on the forewing ; one lying just under the base of the median ner-
vure, as long as the thorax ; the other transverse running from just above
the internal angle to the outer third of the costa. The middle of the
patagia is whitish, and there are two curved narrow lines on each side of
thc meso-scutum. The tips of the palpi, and the ends of the femora above,
and the tibiz and tarsi are very pale yellowish-white, concolorous, with
the bands on the thorax and primaries.

Secondaries entirely brownish-black, and concolorous with the fore-
wings.

Length of body,.45 ; lergth of primaries, .65 inch.”

Mr. Scudder’s specimens were collected on the Saskatchewan River,
but the best known locality is Nepigon, on the north shore of Lake
Superior.

When I visited that place in 1890, July 9-11, in company with Mr,
Fletcher, this species was just in season and fairly abundant, and I ob-
tained over a dozen specimens in fine condition.

It is, however, a most difficult species to collect in good order, as the
scales come off so easily that if two are in the cyanide bottle together,
they damage each other immediately.

I do not think that the fact of so many of these larvee passing through

all their stages during the one season at all indicates a second brood under
natural conditions, as their transformations were doubtless accelerated by
being brought to a milder climate and kept in the house.

Last year Mr. Fletcher again visited Nepigon and secured eggs of this
species and bred it to imago, and has informed me that while one speci-
men completed its transformations that season and gave the moth in the
autumn, the rest of them hibernated when two-thirds grown on the surface
of sod merely hidden beneath the leaves, close to the ground, but without
any silken tent or cocoon. After awakening in the spring and before
eating they measured exactly 5g of an inch (average).

Mr. Samuel Henshaw kindly compared for me a specimen from Nepi-
gon with the specimens in the Cambridge Museum, and found thay whii¢

252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the specimens varied slightly in regard to the whitish transverse band on
primaries, which is a variable feature, in other respects, both colorational
and structural, as far as they could be compared they did not differ.

In extenuation of the insufficiency of my notes on the earlier stages,
I would say that the larvee were carried all across the continent and back

again to Montreal.

A NEW SPECIES OF OLIGOLOPHUS.
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y.

Very few Phalangids have been collected on our mountains, and so it
is not surprising that a new species of a genus which in Europe lives in
high altitudes should be found on Mt. Washington, New Hampshire.
Early in September, 1893, Mrs. Annie T. Slosson kindly sent me several
vials of arachnids from the White Mts., and among them a vial from Mt.
Washington containing six specimens of a beautiful new species of
Oligolophus. It differs from the other American species which have
been referred to that genus in lacking spines to the femur of the palpus,
thus resembling some alpine European forms.

Oligolophus montanus, NOV. sp.

Length— g, 4.5 mm.; ?, 7. mm.; femur I., 2.5 mm.; femur II.,°5.
mm: ; leg IT...45 20: mm.> o, 27. mm: >

Cephalothorax without the median points, but with some small denti-
cles in front of the eye-tubercle, a sublateral row each side, a few just
behind the lateral pore, two or three on the margin a little further along,
some at the posterior angle, one or two at the side of the eye-tubercle, a
transverse row on an elevated ridge just behind the eye tubercle, and on
each abdominal segment about nine denticles. All these denticles are
black and arise from little white pits. The eye-tubercle is not large,
canaliculate, and with two rows of about five denticles above. The palpi
are clothed with short, stiff, black hairs, but no spines. The femur
cylindrical, slightly curved, and enlarged at tip on the inner side ; patella
about half as long as femur, but broader and a little swollen at tip ; tibia
similar to patella, but a little longer ; tarsus much more slender, a little
curved, and about as long as tibia and patella together, claw smooth.

Legs short, the fourth pair about as long as the second, no false
articulations in any of the tibiz ; metatarsus I. with two false articu-
lations ; the superior edges of coxe I., II. and III. each bear a spine ;
the trochanters have some denticles on the anterior and posterior sides,
the femora have about five rows of denticles ; and there are two rows on

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 253

the under side of tibia I. in the ¢; the legs have many short hairs, and
there are small spines at the ends of the joints.

The dorsum is dirty-white or gray, with a broad brown or blackish
vase-mark. On the cephalothorax, the vase-mark covers nearly the whole
surface ; on the abdomen it grows narrower on the second and quite
suddenly enlarging on the third segment ; then gradually narrowing to
the tip of the abdomen. The white or gray of the Sides contains a few
black spots. Venter dirty-white, with black spots ; legs pale yellowish-
brown ; mandibles white, with a large brown spot above on the basal
joint, and some smaller ones on the second joint. Femur of palpus
almost wholly brown, some small spots on patella and tibia, tarsus pale.

The outline of the vase-mark from the cephalothorax to the enlarge-
ment on the abdomen is very sharp and distinct, and in the darker speci-
mens it is bordered with white. Sometimes there is a paler stripe
through the vase-mark.

Locality—Mt. Washington, New Hampshire; collected by Mrs.
Annie T. Slosson.
NOTESJON A POLYMORPHIC. PAPILIO.

BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

For two or three years past Mr. David Bruce, in S. W. Colorado, has
been taking Papilio Bairdii in company with a very different form, P.
oregonia, as we have called it, and also with the form I described recently
as P. Hlollandii, which last is in general like Auzrdiz, but has the abdo-
men either with a broad stripe of yellow or almost completely, yellow,
instead of spotted yellow in rows, as in the Asterias group, and as in
typical Bazrdiz. And from what Mr. Bruce has seen on the ground, he
has become satisfied that all these three forms are but one species. It is
a remarkable case of polymorphism, the more so that it 1s not confined to
one sex only, and that the two main forms belong to what have been
considered two different sub-groups, namely, 4azrdi to the Asterias
group, and this Oregonia to the Zolicaon and Machaon group. Of course,
breeding is the final test in such a case. In 1892, Mr. Bruce obtained
a large number of eggs froma 9 of Laird confined over the food plant.
This, by the way, is not one of the umbelliferze, but of the composite, a
strange plant for butterflies of either of these sub-groups to deposit their
eggs on, Artemisia dracunculoides. And both these forms lay on it,
passing by the umbelliferee every time. Yet, the larve in confinement

ZA THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST.

have been reared on carrot, fennel and parsnip. The eggs spoken of
hatched before Mr. Bruce left Colorado in September, and he brought
the larve to his home at Brockport, N. Y., and enclosed them over a bed
of growing carrots in his garden, under a wire gauze screen or box. In
this way he got upwards of forty pup, but discovered soon that almost
all had been stung by Astevtas parasites. Out of the lot there were but
three healthy pup, two of which produced Gairdi in the spring of
1893, and one a @ Ovegonia, which Mr. Bruce sent me. But a few of
the larvee when half grown had been sent to Mrs. Peart, near Philadelphia,
and from these she got four pupe. These yielded in spring of 1893
one Pairdii and one very large and well-marked 2 Ovregonza, which also
I now have. The other two pupe are going over to 1894, as is often the
case with the western Papilios, they running in the pupa stage for two
years.

In 1893 Mr. Bruce was again upon the ground, and devoted his time
largely to getting at the facts in this case. On the 23rd July he sent me
two eggs of the Oregonia, as before, laid by a confined female. I sent
one to Mrs. Peart, and she reared the larva and got a pupa 23rd August.
Out of this, 8th September, came a ¢ 4airdii. The other egg produced
a larva which died soon after third moult.

On 7th August, Mr. Bruce sent me twenty-four eggs of the Oregonta.
obtained as before. The larve from these died off rapidly, and at all
stages: seemed not to like their food. I treated them exactly as I have
heretofore treated larve of Papilio, but I obtained only five pup. Some
of the larvee were certainly killed by the others, their bodies sucked dry, and
this indicated, I think, a dislike to the food given. From the five pupz
up to date (21st September) have emerged four Gardai imagos, 2¢,22.

Thus imagos of Bairdii have come from eggs laid by the Ovegonéa,and
in two instances Oregonias have come from eggs laid by Bazrdiz. As to
Hollandii none of the Bairdii so far obtained are of that form, and its
relationship to Bairdzi is still but a matter of conjecture.

I am not satisfied that the form we are calling Oregonia is identical
with the type form found in Oregon and Washington; am inclined to
think it is not, and intended to propose the name Lrucez for it. But, until
more examples of the real Oregonza can be seen, I can come to no final
conclusion.

I must not omit to say that at all stages the larve of these two forms
are indistinguishable.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255

THE CLOVER-LEAF WEEVIL, PHYTONOMUS PUNCTATUS
(EABR.) IN ETAY,

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

When Dr. J. A. Lintner prepared his first annual report in 1882, he,
with the aid of Drs. Hagen and Le Conte, failed to discover any record
of the clover-destroying habit of this species in Europe, and it was sup-
posed at that time that this was a newly acquired habit, and occurring
only in this country. Indeed, Dr. Le Conte failed to learn anything
whatever in regard to the food habits of this species. As it has now
entered into the Mississippi Valley and is rapidly pushing its way west-
ward, it will be of interest to those who will have to deal with it in future
to know that its taste for clover was not of American origin, but had been
observed in its native home many years ago. It is a matter of surprise
to me that nothing is said, by Italian observers, that gives the least hint
of injury by the larva, which is, with us, by far its most destructive
stage. Nor do I find that Sig. Piero Bargagli, from whose very useful
work, Rassegna Biologica di Rincofort Europei, | have taken the follow-
ing extract, anywhere mentions the larva of this species, which he con-
siders under the name //yfera punctata, Fab.

Here in Ohio, I find that the larvee prefer the white clover to the red,
and some unsatisfactory observations of mine, made quite recently,
make me feel rather suspicious that the food of the adult may include
plants other than clover. At Chautauqua Lake some years ago, I
observed the adults in quite numbers floating about in the water, into
which I supposed they had either dropped or been blown from the trees.
But if this were so, what were they doing there ?

(From Rassegna Biologica di Rincofori Europet, p. 97-8, 1883-87. )

During the years 1867-70, Medicago sativa and Trifolium were very
much damaged in Lombardy and Bologna by this insect; and on the
4th of June, 1868, Mr. Antonio Villa, in Relazione sugli insetti che de-
vastano tl Trifoglio, Milano, 1868, and again in Sul’ tnsetto distruttore
del Trifoglio, Milano, La Lombardia, 73 giugno, 1868, directed the at-
tention of the agriculturists of the district of Milan to thé damage proven
to have been done in the districts of Melegnano and Creme, attributing
the extraordinary development of this species to the remarkable drouth,
followed by excessive heat, causing the destruction of carnivorous insects
which were hostile to this and other species. Various remedies were

256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

employed for destroying the pests, among the most successful being the
flooding of the meadows, rolling after the cutting of the clover, and,
finally, collecting with small bags or nets.

In his second article, the eminent Mr. Villa stated the fact that, in the
appendix to the work of Géne (De guibusdam insectis Sardini« novis au.
minime cognitis, Mem. R. Accad. Sc. Torino, Ser. 1., Vol. 39, Ser. 11, Vol.
Z.), which had been prepared by Prof. Moretti, this species had been
mentioned as among those having damaged clover. In pointing out how
this insect had destroyed clover, Mr. Villa expressed the belief that an
earlier attack had occurred, between the years 1834-35, in which the
injuries done were similar in character to that of this species. |The
Station of Agricultural Entomology at Florence received notice, in June,
1879, that this insect had, in the Commune of Ferrara Erbagnana, de-
stroyed a field of 5 ettari (about 111% acres) in extent. (See Re/azione
intorno at lavort della Stasione Entomologica agraria di Firenze, by At
Targioni-Toszetti, in Annali di Agricoltura del Ministero di Agricoltura
e Commercio, Roma, 1879.)

In the neighbourhood of Florence, besides having been found in the
clover in spring, it was, nevertheless, observed in the winter among moss
at the base of trees, and, though hibernating, during warm, sunny days
would come forth and bask in the sun. ’

CORRESPONDENCE...

CHALCID PARASITE.

Sir,—I would like to record the occurrence of the following Chalcid
parasite :-—

Bred from eggs of Zanassa lignicolor, Walker, on oak ( Quercus alba)
forty-five examples of

CHAETOSTICHA PRETIOSA, Riley.
1879, Riley, Can. ENT., xi, 161.
minutissimum, Packard.
1953, Pack, Proc..Bost, Soca Nat Hist... xxi.,37-

The insects varied in length from .35 mm. to .65 mm. In the males
the abdomen was often black banded above or largely black. They
appeared during the first part of August. Bred at Woods’ Holl., Mass.

Harrison G, Dyar,

7
:

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257

CARTEROCEPHALUS PALAMON.

_ Sir,—Mr. Thomas E. Bean, in an interesting article in the June number
for this year, points out the identity of Carterocephalus mandan, Edw..,
and C. palemon, Pall. I think he has well prover his position, and in
the proper way, which is by a study of the geographical distribution,
which will always show the intergrades between the two extremes of the
series. The Palemon of Middle Europe and the J/andan of the White
Mountains of N. H. look different enough, but when the series is completed
by material found between the two extremes there can no longer be a
doubt as to their identity. In the species that fly from the Atlantic to
the, Pacific, and that also exist in Europe, it will be found that the Pacific
Coast examples are far closer to the European ones than those individuals
found on the Atlantic slope. (See Ent. News, Vol. I, p. 84.)

The fact that Mandan was identical with Palemon was pointed out by
Moschler in Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen Gessellchaft in
Wien, Vol. 34, 1884, p. 283. My attention was called to this synonymy
by Prof. E. Bergroth, of Tammerfors, Finland.

Dr. Henry SKINNER, Philadelphia, Pa.

VARIETY OF PRIONOXYSTUS ROBINIZ.

Sir,—In looking over my specimens of this common moth, I find a
singular form that I never met with before, nor do I know of any descrip-
tion that has appeared in any entomological publication of a varied. form
of P. ( Cossus) robinie, unless it may be Walker’s p/agzatus, of which I
have not seen the original description. The example that I wish to make
note of is a female, and differs from the regular form only in the follow-
ing respects :—The whole of the sub-central inner space of the second-
aries, ‘‘edging on the discoidal cell,” is semi-transparent orange, similar
to that which is so characteristic of the male, but it is not quite so intense
in brightness of colour. The specimen is in fine condition, and is unique
in appearance, when I compare it with the many examples that I have.
taken during the past season and previously ; hence I feel convinced that
the form is remarkable enough to be burdened with a name of its own.
I propose, therefore, to give it the name /. rodinie, var. guercus, because

the species is not restricted to the extermination of Rodinia pseudacacia
alone, but also does great damage to Quercus alba, rubra and coccinea. I
have also found the pupa shells protruding from the trunks of Araxinus
sambucifolia in the same locality.

GrorRGE A, EHRMANN, Pittsburgh, Pa,

258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

OCNERIA DISPAR.

Sir,—I wish on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario to
acknowledge the receipt of a box from Prof. C. H. Fernald, Ph. D., con
taining a complete life series of the Gypsy moth, Ocneria dispar, Linn.,
which the State of Massachusetts is making such a praiseworthy and
heroic effort to exterminate. ‘The exhibit is gotten up under the direction
of Prof. Fernald, by order of the Gypsy Moth Committee, with a view
to extending a knowledge of this most destructive insect. It consists of
an egg mass as deposited by the female moth on the twig of a tree ; two
eggs exposed to view ; six caterpillars, ranging from one that had just
escaped from the egg to the full-grown larva, beautifully mounted; a
male and a female pupa; a male moth with the wings spread, also one
with the wings unspread ; a female moth with the wings spread, and one
unspread. A most instructive and important contribution to the Society’s
collection. J. Atston Morrat, Curator.

NEW LOCALITIES FOR PAPILIO HOMERUS.

Sir,—It will doubtless interest your readers to know that, notwith-
standing the fact that Papz/io homerus has thus far only been accredited
to a very limited habitat in the island of Jamaica, mainly along the
valleys of the Sulphur and Devil’s rivers, I have recently seen it in several
localities in the ¢evra ¢ucognita in the highland regions of the republics of
Haiti and Santo Domingo. ‘The mountain regions of the island known to
Columbus as Espanola, or Hispanola as we have it, and which is now with-
out a name as a whole—Haiti being the name of the French-negro
republic to the west and Santo Domingo of the Spanish-negro republic to
the east—-are practically unknown to whites, many considerable areas
never having been trodden by white men since the sanguinary expulsion
of the French a century ago.

On a recent trip through this interior, in the interests of a newspaper
syndicate, I visited a number of localities where there was growing the
large creeper, apparently belonging or allied to the genus /fome@a, which
I had previously discovered was the food-plant of Hfomerus, and I was
not, therefore, at all surprised to occasionally see examples of this most
magnificent member of its genus sailing grandly overhead. I have no
doubt that the patient collector who will go up into the Cibas range and care-
fully explore the deen ravines of the western slopes will be rewarded with
a goodly number of this valuable species. //omerus is most difficult of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST. 259

capture, its high flight and grandly rapid movements making it more of a
problem in that respect than most of its moisture-seeking congeners. But
the market value of the insect is such’ that, taken in connection with
others to be captured in that region (P. Machaonides being among them),
patience and hard living are sure to be well paid for. Should any col-

Jector feel like attempting such a trip into the heart of that Vaudoux-

ridden region, I shall be glad to offer such suggestions as may occur to
me as useful to him. I shall also be glad to hear from entomologists who
are interested in the insect fauna of the Andean water-shed of the Amazon
tributaries, in Bolivia, Peru and Brazil, a region which I propose visiting
at an early date. Letters addressed as below will be promptly forwarded
to me. | EUGENE Murray AARON,
Care of Geographical Magazine,
79 Nassau St., N. Y.

ARGYNNIS EGLEIS.

Sir,—With this I send you a piece of pine-cone with an egg of Argyn-
nis Egleis on it. Yesterday, August 8th, being an unfavourable day for
collecting Parnassius Clodius, | went in an aimless way to find a new col-
lecting ground. When passing along the brow of a rocky slope, I came
toa Pinus Murrayana tree (also called P. Contorta), and saw a female
A. Egleis walking over sticks and burs that were lying on the ground
beneath this tree. I halted fora moment to watch her, as she gave all
the outward signs of a desire to oviposit ; I had not to wait long, for she
walked to a pine-cone and, seizing it with her legs, curled her body and
fastened on an egg as far under the cone as she could reach. She then
flew about two feet and oviposited twice in succession under a stick on a
small stone, and on the piece of cone that I am sending you herewith,
As I was standing almost directly over her, she flew to my left foot and
oviposited several times under the shadow of my instep ; she came and
went several times to repeat her work.. I lost a day’s collecting, but felt
amply repaid by the novelty of the knowledge I acquired. What the
next female will teach me I cannot conjecture, but trust it will be no less
surprising and interesting to the butterfly-loving world.

J. B. LemMBert,
Summit of the Sierra Nevada, Cal.

[The egg arrived safely and duly hatched out ; it will evidently hiher-
nate without feeding.—Ed. C. E.|

260 THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGISY.

PAPILIO CRESPHONTES.

I was much surprised at capturing a specimen of this Southern butter-
fly at Roach’s Point, Lake Simcoe, on the 28th of August. The locality
is about fifty miles north of Toronto, and is probably the most northern
point that the butterfly has reached. The specimen was worn and some-
what damaged, but another nearly perfect one was seen and chased, but
escaped capture. C. J. S. BETHUNE.

THE GOLDEN HEPIALUS.

Sir,—I have made one very interesting capture this season —Hepialus
auratus, Grote. This rare moth was taken early in July, at Lonesome
Lake, in the Franconia Mountains, about 3000 feet above the sea.

In this quiet, lonely spot Mr. William F. Bridge and Dr. W. C. Prime
have a log cabin on the bank of the lake. It was in the twilight, after
the sun had gone down, that my golden prize came fluttering by the open
window of the cabin, and was soon in the poison bottle. It is a fine
specimen, unbroken, but with some of the scales rubbed from its delicate
wings. Mr. Grote described this moth in Can. Ent., Vol. X., p. 18,
from a specimen taken in the Adirondacks by Mr.W.W. Hill, in July, 1877.
Ten years later Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, our well-known Hemipterist, took
a specimen at Lancaster, N. Y., not far from Buffalo, and recorded the
capture in Entomologist, Vol. XX., page roo. I have seen no record of
any other capture, though it is of course possible that the moth is included
in private collections of which I know nothing. At any rate it is among
our very rarest moths, and I am glad and proud to include it in our
Franconia list. ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON.

OMISSION.

On page 224 of our September issue, between the fourth and fifth
lines from the bottom of the page, the following lines were unintention-
ally omitted : ,

First and third antennal joints subequal in length, some

of the veins coloured with brown. ............06. wees levigata, Loew.

The Annual Meeting of the Entomologicai Society of Ontario will be
held in the rooms, Victoria Hall, London, on Wednesday, October rrth,
at 3 o’clock p.m., and also at 8 p.m. .

Mailed October 5th.

5
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THE LATE RROFESSOR WESTWOOD.

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“VOL XXV. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1893. Noe Il.

“THE ae ATE PROFESSOR W ES WOOD.

We are much pleased to be able to give in this issue a likeness of the
very eminent entomologist, Professor Westwood, for which we are in-
debted to the kindness of the publishers of the ///ustrated London News.

John Obadiah Westwood, M.A., F.L.S., etc., was born at Sheffield,
England, on the 22nd of December, 1805, and died shortly after com-
pleting his 87th year, on the 2nd of January last. His father was a die-
sinker at Sheffield, but afterwards removed to Lichfield. -When nearly 16
years of age, he went to London to be articled to a solicitor, and though
he devoted his attention more to the study of natural history than of law,
he was admitted as a solicitor and became partner in a firm. Having
some private means, which he augmented by writing and drawing, he was
enabled to neglect his profession and give himself up almost entirely to
entomology and archeology.

To quote Mr. McLachlan’s obituary notice in Zhe Entomologists
Monthly Magazine, ‘‘it was probably by his rare, artistic talent that he
acquired much of his justly great reputation. His drawings of insects
were masterpieces of accuracy without the slightest attempt at effect, and
rapidly executed ; few have equalled him in correct delineation. There
certainly never has been an entomologist who left behind him so much
evidence, in practical work, of his ability to delineate insects, even to the
most minute dissections. But Westwood was much more than an artist
in entomology. There probably never has existed, and, in the present
state of the science, there never cin again exist, one who had so much
general knowledge, both from personal investigation and a study of the
works of others ; one who was less of a specialist in the modern accep-
tation of the term. It is true he was a specialist, but it was in the way
of taking up small groups in all orders, and working them out thoroughly,
his artistic talent giving merit and force to those small monographs.
Under a somewhat brusque manner was concealed a hearty sympathy for
all real workers, and, if he offended, it was commonly in the way of
pointing out to would-be introducers, etc., of supposed novelties that
some one or other had already made similar observations, his vast mem-

962 THE CANADIAN ENSFOMOLOGIST.

ory rendering him very dangerous in this respect. In society there could
be no more genial companion, full of anecdote, but with small apprecia-
tion of humour. At home there could be no more generous host.”

Professor Westwood was best known on this side of the Atlantic from
his admirable work—‘‘An Introduction to the Modern Classification of
Insects,” which was published in two volumes in 183g and 1840. Every
entomologist, worthy of the name, has no doubt made a study of this
book, which still continues to be the best text-book on the subject in the
English language. His sumptuous works on exotic insects, such as his
“ Arcana Entomologica,”.‘ Oriental Entomology,” and his edition of
Drury’s ‘“ Exotic Insects,” are also widely known, but his numerous con-
tributions to various Natural History periodicals, a mere list of which
would fill a volume, are not so familiar to our students. He was a most
industrious and prolific writer, and made investigations in almost every
family of insects in all the orders. His work is always characterized by
its marvellous accuracy and patient elaboration of details both of struc-
ture and habit. Very rarely was he ever known to make a mistake.

He was actively associated with the Entomological Society of London
from its foundation in 1833, and was for many years its Secretary. Sub-
sequently he was elected President at three periods of two years eagh,
and was made Honorary Life President when the Society celebrated its
jubilee in 1883. He was a Fellow of the Linnzan Society from 1827,
and an Honorary or Corresponding Member of Scientific Societies all
over the world,

In 1858 the Rev. F. W. Hope, a wealthy amateur, who had been for
years a warm friend and patron of Westwood, and had purchased his
collections, gave them and his own to the University of Oxford, and
founded a Professorship of Invertebrate Zoology, which bears his name,
Westwood was appointed the first Hope Professor, and, in consequence,
removed to Oxford, where he was a conspicuous figure in the University

for five and thirty years.

Besides his Entomological work, he was a distinguished Archzolegist
and was widely known amongst those of kindred tastes by his investiga-
tions of the ‘“‘ Palzographia Sacra Pictoria,” his ‘ Lapidarium Walhe,”’
and “Fac Similes of the Miniatures and Ornaments of Anglo-Saxon and
Irish Manuscripts.” He formed a remarkabie collection of carved ivories
and inscribed stones, as well as of insects. In all respects he was a
remarkable man, and accomplished, by dint of steady industry and
enthusiastic perseverance during a long life, an amount of vaiuable scien-
ufic work that has rarely, if ever, been excelled.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263

THE FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION OF
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS.

ABSTRACTED FROM THE OFFICIAL MINUTES BY L. O. HOWARD, FOR THE
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The fifth annual meeting of the Association of Economic Entomolo-
gists was held at Madison, Wisconsin, in the Science Hall of the
University of Wisconsin, on August 14, 15 and 16, 1893.

Sixteen members were present, as follows :——President S. A. Forbes,
Second Vice-President J. B. Smith, Secretary H. Garman, J. M.
Aldrich, G. F. Atkinson, G. C. Davis, C. P. Gillette, A. D. Hopkins, L. O.
Howard, M. E. Murtfeldt, H. Osborn, C. V. Riley, P. H. Rolfs, H. E.
Summers, F. M. Webster and H. E. Weed. A number of visitors and
members of other scientific associations were present during the sessions,
making rather a large attendance.

The following papers were presented, among them several from
foreign entomologists, and the discussions were of the greatest interest.
I shall briefly mention the papers in the order of their presentation :—

The annual address of President S. A. Forbes reviewed the 115
economic articles containing new matter published by members of the
Association since the last meeting. These articles he grouped by subjects
and by nature of outcome, thus giving an admirable idea of the work of
the year in shape for the drawing of conclusions. He called attention to
a narrowness of view and consequent inadequacy in the treatment of
general questions, due to the want of comprehensive organization and
systematic co-operation. In his opinion the methods of publication and
enforcement of results now in general use fall far short of their final end.
As a result the farmer has not responded to the suggestions of the inves-
tigating entomologist as might be anticipated. He suggested that more
attention might be paid to describing the effects of the insect work than
to the insects themselves, subordinating the account of the insects. He
insistéd that instead of making an entomologist of the farmer we should
make a farmer of the entomologist. He suggested distinguishing between
the temporary and permanent presentation of facts in economic publica-
tions, advising the preparation of special economic summaries or mono-
graphs of all insect injuries to each of the various crops, and printing
and distributing these summaries in great numbers. Co-operation in this
particular line was urged. Addresses to Farmers’ Institutes should be
accompanied by a printed résumé to be distributed among those present.

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

He spoke of the fact that the boundaries of the States represented by
official entomologists are artificial, and that in consequence matters of
distribution and other broad questions are seldom touched. ‘This fact
and the danger of unnecessary duplication of work, and other reasons,
called for organziation, and this organization should be of flexible form,
leaving each individual free to meet the special requirements of his indi-
vidual work, and at the same time helping to concentrate the surplus effort
which should be contributed to the accomplishment of common ends.
He suggested that a committee on co-operation propose a list of subjects
in which co-operative effort is desirable. These subjects should then be
attacked by volunteers, who should report to the committee. In this way
he thought that the benefits of organization might be obtained without
the surrender of individual initiative.

The address was discussed by Messrs. Osborn, Smith and Webster.
Messrs. Osborn, Smith and Garman were appointed a committee of three
to consider the recommendations contained in the address.

Messrs. Edward H. Thompson, of Tasmania, R. Allan Wight, of New
Zealand, and G. C. Davis, of Agricultural College, Michigan, were elected
to membership.

Mr. Osborn presented a paper entitled ‘‘ Methods of Treating Insects
affecting Grasses and Forage Plants.” In this paper he considered the
insects affecting these crops by groups arranged according to the
method of treatment, discussing particularly climatic conditions, natural
enemies, agricultural methods and the direct method. He presented a
most interesting table of insects, showing in horizontal columns the food-
plants, number of annual broods, and the condition in which the species
is to be found during any month in the year. The paper was discussed
by Mr. Hopkins.

The next paper, by Mr. Howard, was entitled “ Notes on Methods of
studying Life-histories of Injurious Insects,” in which he described the
vivarium methods in use in the Division of Entomology of the U.S. De-
partment of Agriculture, but insisted that outdoor work is preferable
where feasible. ‘The question of methods of ventilation of the insectary
and kindred topics were discussed by Messrs. Forbes, Garman and How-
ard. Mr. Forbes thought that indoor work on life-histories should always
be verified by outdoor observation.

Under the caption *‘ Another Mosquito Experiment,” Mr. Howard de-
tailed his experience with the use of kerosene on the surface of mosquito

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 265

breeding pools since his announcement of his first experiment a year ago.
Mr. Smith in discussion mentioned two cases where this remedy had been
applied effectually on Long Island. Mr. Webster thought that further
experimentation was needed on the line as to the office of mosquito
larve in destroying organic matter in water, which might otherwise be-
come Offensive.

The Secretary read a paper by Dr. Ritsema Bos, on “ Prytomyza
affinis, Fall., asa Cause of Decay in Clematis.” The larvee of this little fly
he had found to produce a disease spot on the stem a little above the
level of the ground, causing the subsequent drying up of the stem. He
found two generations of the fly each year, and advised the cutting off and
burning of decaying stalks in early summer. Messrs. Hopkins and Gar-
man reported similar appearances in potato stalks and the terminal twigs
of apple, which were probably due to a closely allied insect.

Mr. Smith read a paper on “ Farm Practice and Fertilizers as Insecti-
cides.” The nature of the paper is well indicated by its title. A number
of instances were pointed out where variation in farm practice produces
excellent insecticide results, and others in which commercial or artificial
fertilizers destroy subterranean insects as well as invigorate the crop.
The intelligent use of fertilizers combined with other intelligent farm prac-
tice, in his opinion will in the future prove the main reliance of the farmer.
He showed, however, that the phosphates form a group of fertilizers
which have no insecticide value.

Messrs. Garman and Webster discussed this paper, and agreed that
the main beneficial results in the use of artificial fertilizers are due to the
increased vigour of the plant, enabling it to better resist the attacks of
insects. They doubted the primary insecticide effect of these compounds.

The above papers were all read at the first session of the Association,
on the afternoon of August 14. At the second session, on the morning of
the 15th, letters were read from certain foreign entomologists regretting
their inability to attend the meeting.

Mr. Garman presented a paper on the “ Preservation of Larve for
Study.” He drops the larva into water heated to the boiling point, leav-
ing it for r5 seconds. ‘Then, when the body wall is somewhat rigid, he
takes it up with the forceps, and with a fine sharp scissors cuts a slit
along the underside of the body, dropping it into the water again for a
few seconds longer. Itis then transferred to 50// aicohol, and in 12 hours

/

to 70%, and in r2 hours afterwards to 957

/o)

for permanent preservation,

260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

Shape, colours and structure are well preserved in this way. As a substi-
tute for alcohol he recommends :—boiling water, 250 cc.,; common salt,
3 teaspoonfuls ; powdered alum, one teaspoonful ; pure carbolic acid, 5
drops ; filter.

Mr. Forbes spoke of the preservation of fruits at the World’s Fair, and
suggested that plants injured by insects may be preserved in the same
way. Mr. Summers had found nothing which would satisfactorily pre-
serve fruits. Mr. Osborn thought that aqueous preparations would freeze.
Mr. Smith has employed with success methods similar to those of Mr.
Garmar.

A paper by Mr. Cockerell, entitled ‘‘ The Distribution of Coccide,”
was read by the Secretary. He compared the Coccide of the West India
Islands with the adjoining mainland, and spoke of the further distribution of
a number of species which he had studied in Jamaica. Of 18 species
found on that Island all but 3 are known elsewhere, and rt have been
detected outside of neotropical regions.

Mr. Hopkins presented his views on “ Note and Record-keeping for
the Economic Entomologist.” He described the system which he has
worked out and adopted, and which he has proved to be well adapted to
the requirements of his work. _ The system consists of an accession cata-
logue and a species catalogue. Specimens of his cards or note pads were
exhibited, and Messrs. Smith, Osborn and Webster discussed the paper,
Mr. Webster giving in full his own system of note-keeping. Messrs.
Smith and Osborn objected to the use of check-list numbers alone for
species as adopted by Mr. Hopkins.

Mr. Garman’s paper on “ Illustrations for the Economic Entomolo-
gist” was next presented. He considers that the object of illustrations
is to convey information and to save time in description, finish and tech-
nique, being, therefore, matters of secondary importance. The different
methods of reproducing drawings was very carefully and fully discussed.
Etching was considered in general impracticable, as calling for a special
method of drawing. Lithography was considered too expensive, and
wood engraving is subject to lability of the engraver to misinterpret
certain details of the drawing ; but at the same time it was admitted that
of our published figures wood-cuts are the best. In spite of its disadvan-
tages, it is the most satisfactory method, although somewhat expensive.
Cheap process figures are excellent for newspaper and other transient
literature. ‘Their right in permanent literature, and especially in scientific

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267

writings, is questionable at the present time. No cheap process known
to the writer gives good results in shaded figures. ‘These figures give
promise of something better in the near future. If it were not, however,
for this hopeful outlook, it would be well to return to wood-engraving,
Entomologists were urged to make their drawings with extreme care and
to adapt them to a particular process, and not to rest satisfied with inferior
reproduction. The paper was discussed by Messrs. Osborn,Weed, Smith, °
Hopkins, Gillette, Forbes and Howard.

Mr. Gillette read a paper on “ The Arsenites and Arsenical Mixtures
as Insecticides.” The article comprised a general summary, historical
and critical, of the use of these substances in their different combinations.
The paper was discussed briefly by Messrs. Beal, Wood and Galloway,
all of whom were present at the meeting, although not members of the
Association.

Upon invitation, Mr. B. T. Galloway, Chief of the Division of Vege-
table Pathology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, gave a short
account of some recent work done in his division upon a bacterial disease
of melons and other cucurbits, which had been found to be largely dis-
seminated by the agency of insects, particularly of Déabrotica vittata
and D. 72-punctata. Messrs. Webster, Smith and Garman had seen the
same disease in their respective localities.

At the third session, held in the afternoon of August 15, an amend-
ment to the constitution was adopted levying annual dues of fifty cents
upon each member of the Association, and a resolution was passed
authorizing the publication of the whole proceedings in Zysect Life, and
the sending of an abstract to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Messrs. Osborn, Webster and Weed were appointed a committee on
nomination of officers.

Mr. Hopkins read a paper on * Destructive Scolytidz and Their Im-
ported Enemy.” He gave a summary of the damage done by bark-boring
bettles in West Virginia and other portions of the country, and his in-
vestigation of this damage in the former State. He further described his
trip to Germany during 1892, and the collection of about 1,000 specimens
of Clerus formicarius, which he brought alive to this country. He de-
scribed the placing of the insects and their over-wintering. Up to the

time of presentation of the paper no means of ascertaining to what ex

tent the insects have multiplied had been found,

268 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Mr. Riley presented a communication entitled ‘‘ Parasitic and Preda-
ceous Insects in Applied Entomology.” He indicated the utility and
importance of the subject, and pointed out the dangers and disadvantages
resulting from false and exaggerated opinions. He gave an extended
summary of the methods in which insect enemies -of insects may be
utilized ; and followed with a chronological and detailed account of the
suggestions and attempts, successful and otherwise, to introduce parasites
and predaceous insects into one portion of a country from another, or into
one country from another. He showed that the general laws governing
the interactions of organisms, however, are such that we can in only very
exceptional cases derive benefit by interference with them. The indi-
genous enemies of an indigenous insect are better qualified to keep it in
check than an imported species. Where the injurious insect is a foreigner,
however, and has been brought over without the enemy which keeps it in
check in its native home, then the introduction of these enemies will be
advisable. Thus the introduction of the European parasites of the Gypsy
Moth would be advisable. Such an introduction could do no possible
harm, and may be productive of lasting good.

Mr. Smith followed with a paper in the same line, called ‘“ The
Economic Value of Parasites and Predaceous Insects.” The writer, while
realizing the importance of parasites in maintaining the balance of nature,
felt that their economic value has been grossly over-estimated. He
showed that parasites simply reduce excess, but only after damage to
crops has been done. ‘The practical uulization of parasites is more or
less a myth, except in very exceptional cases like that of Vedalia and
Icerya. An injurious insect which under natural conditions is abundant
each year, must be dealt with without regard to parasites or natural
enemies,

Mr. Webster read a paper on ‘‘Insect Foes of American Cereal
Grains, with Measures for Their Prevention or Destruction.” In the main
the author insisted upon the importance of proper farm practice. He
knows of no better insecticide than good farming. Four-fifths of the
injury done by the Hessian Fly may be prevented by a better
system of agriculture. The same point was elaborated with regard
to other grain insects, and the serious ravages of a number of the

most important pests were pointed out, and general consideration of the.

proposed direct remedies was entered into. In the opinion of Mr, Web-
ster, the field of the economic entomologist is poorly defined at present,

———

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269

and too much is expected from him. The science of applied agriculture
should relieve him of some of his duties.. This paper was discussed in
some of its details by Messrs. Riley, Forbes and Howard.

The fourth session was held on the morning of August 16. The Com-
mittee on the President’s Address reported in favor of the adoption of
his recommendations and the appointment of a standing committee to
present a detailed plan for co-operative work among members, and to
make recommendations concerning legislation. The report was adopted,
and Messrs. Osborn, Smith and Garman were appointed as a committee,

Mr. Forbes read a paper by H. Du Buysson upon * Fumigation with
Carbon Bisulphide for the complete and rapid destruction of Insects
which attack Herbaria, Furrieries and Woollen Stuffs.” In this article a
very ingenious and interesting water joint for the box used for fumigating
purposes was described, and the best method of employing the box for
the different classes of objects mentioned in the title was given. Mr.
Atkinson stated in discussion that he had used a very similar box in
fumigating objects infested by insects. Mr. Garman stated that at Cam-
bridge a zinc-lined case was constantly used for disinfecting bird and
mammal skins. Mr. Riley had used the bisulphide in the insect collec-
tions of the National Museum. Mr. Smith had used it against ants and
Mr. Garman against the melon louse. The latter gentleman rolls the
melon vines up into a heap, inverts a tub over them, and places a little
bisulphide in a saucer under the edge of the tub.

Mr. Atkinson read a paper by Dr. J. Ritsema Bos, on “ Aphelenchus
olesistus, nov. sp., a nematoid worm, causing Leaf-sickness in Begonia
and Asplenium.” He referred to a note by Mr. Atkinson, read at the
preceding meeting of the Association, in which an Anguillulid is described
as affecting leaves of Chrysanthemum and Coleus, making no swelling or
deformity, but causing brown patches on the leaves. The author having
studied and described Aphelenchus olesistus in Europe, where it causes
almost precisely the same trouble with Begonia and Asplenium, he is in-
clined to think that the species previously mentioned by Mr. Atkinson is
identical. In the discussion, Mr. Atkinson stated that while there were
characters in the form studied by him which seemed to place it in the
genus Tylenchus, he thought that careful comparison of types might show
the two to be identical.

Mr. Osborn presented a paper on “ Methods of Attacking Parasites
of Domestic Animals.” The preventive measures consisted in the ex-

270 TIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

amination of the introduced animals and the application of the usual
direct. methods. A critical, summary of all the proposed remedies
followed. The paper was briefly discussed by Messrs. Gillette, Aldrich,
Riley, Hopkins, Weed and Howard. Mr. Riley, in speaking of the
alleged poor success on the part of certain individuals in the use of
kerosene emulsion, said that the difficulties of making a good emulsion
and of getting intelligent farmers to use it safely are unnecessarily mag-
nified. He further stated that he could not accept the opinion that in the
case of two given remedies the poorer one was to be recommended,
because the better one required a little more care and intelligence in
making and using.

In the paper by Mr. Weed on “ Remedies for Insects Injurious to
Cotton,” the author discussed the application of Paris green against the
Cotton Worm by means of bags at the extremities of a long pole, carrried
by a “‘darkey”” ona mule, going at a brisk trot between the rows. This
he considered to be the most simple apparatus which he had seen for dis-
tributing dry poisons. For the Boll Worm, he considered the best
application to be the planting of a row of corn about every tenth row
through the cotton field at such a time that it will mature early in
September.

In Miss Murtfeldt’s paper on ‘‘ The Cheese or Meat Skipper,” which
followed, the author drew an interesting parallel between the tendency of
the farmer to exaggerate his losses from insect damage and that of the
commercial man to underestimate this damage and to conceal it because
of its possible influence upon his trade. She reviewed the literature of
Piophila casei,and said that accounts of its life-history are not readily
accessible in this country. She gave a popular synopsis of her personal
observations upon the species, particularly as injuring hams. ‘The larvee
feed principally around the bony ends among the tendons, and in the fat
and in the oil-saturated folds of the canvas wrappers, Hibernation is in
the adult stage. About thirty eggs are laid by each female. The larval
stage lasts from seven to eight days, and the puparium state about ten
days. There is no definite succession of broods, and the insect may be
found in all stages from May until November. ‘The flies are readily killed
by the fames of burning sulphur or pyrethrum powder. The covering of
windows with a light domestic is advised, as the flies will get through ordi-
nary wire screens, The paper was briefly discussed by Messrs, Aldrich
and Riley.

a a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21

Mr. Coquillett’s paper, entitled ‘*‘ Hydrocyanic Acid Gas as an Insec-
ticide,” was read by the Secretary. The paper consisted of an _ historical
review of the use of this gas in California, together with an account of
the methods in use at the present time, and some slight consideration of
its effect upon different insects. ‘lhe cost of fumigating a tree varies
from five cents to one dollar, and even at the latter rate figures were pro-
duced to show that it is economical.

A paper by Dr. J. A. Lintner, on “ Arsenical Spraying of Fruit Trees
while in Blossom,” was read by Mr. Smith. The author reviewed the ex-
periments by Mr. Webster, and tae statements by Mr. Cook, and
suggested that the whole question can be settled by confining a hive of
healthy bees to blossoms sprayed with Paris green, and afterward testing
the stomach for arsenic. The law against spraying while trees are in
blossom, as passed by the Legislature of Ontario, was reviewed, and a
long list of the insects which might be satisfactorily treated by arsenical
spraying at the time of blossoming was given. Further experimentation
was strenuously urged. Some discussion followed by Messrs. Webster
and Garman.

The fifth session was held in the afternoon of the 16th August. The
following officers for the ensuing year were elected :—

President, L. O. Howard.

First Vice-President, J. B. Smith.
Second Vice-President, F. L. Harvey.
Secretary, C. P. Gillette.

Three papers on the insects of the season in their respective localities
were read by Messrs. Webster, Smith and Osborn, and were discussed
by Mr. Riley.

A paper by Mr. R. Allan Wight, of Auckland, New Zealand, was read
by Mr. Osborn; it was entitled “Zcerya purchasi and Vedalia cardinalis in
New Zealand.” ‘The paper consisted of a condensed summary of the
history of these two insects in New Zealand and their inter-relations.
This paper was discussed by Mr. Riley.

Mr. Smith then read a paper by Mr. F. W. Urich, of Port of Spain,
Trinidad, consisting of ‘* Notes on Some Insect Pests of Trinidad, B. W.
I.” The paper was an interesting summary of Mr. Urich’s observations
on the injurious insects of that Island, and referred mainly to Coccide and
their natural enemies, a leaf-cutting ant (4¢Za sexdens), a longicorn beetle
(Stetrastoma depressum) and certains Acridiide. Especial mention of a
little Cyprinodont fish was made. ‘This fish is found commonly all
through Trinidad, and feeds upon mosquito larve. Mr. Urich suggest
ed its introduction into America for use in tanks and ponds.

The Secretary then read a ‘“* Note on Slip-records,” by Mr. Cockerell.
The author suggested the use ofa uniform system of notes upon slips of a
uniform size by all entomologists, and submitted samples. The question
was discussed by Messrs. Hopkins, Summers and Riley.

The Association then adjourned subject to the call of the Executive
Committee.

979

4/4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LIST OF COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT SPARROW LAKE, ONT.
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PA.

Sparrow Lake is an expansion of the Severn river, situate a little south
of lat. 45° and east of 80° longitude. Geologically, this part of Ontario
belongs to the Laurentian formation, and that of a very rugged type.
The southwest side of the lake, where these coleoptera were taken, save
in a few spots among the rocks, is wholly uncultivated and uncultivable to
the Georgian Bay, a distance of from 20 to 30 miles. Till recently it
sustained an immense forest growth, mostly pine, which has now disap-
peared, and has been succeeded by a dense and almost impenetrable
jungle of briars and bushes of many deciduous species.

So far as coleoptera are concerned, a large majority of the species
inhabiting this district must be considered autocthonous, and it is not
difficult to determine approximatively such as are following the little
spots of cultivation that are being interjected. The collecting was done
from July 2zoth to August 15th. That the list is no longer is not alto-
gether the fault of the collector ; in fact, in addition to the paucity of
species, while some are in great abundance, the majority are each repre-
sented by from one to three examples only.

As this part of Ontario is in a comparatively primitive condition, and
no record of the coleoptera inhabiting it has been observed, the sub-
joined list may be of some interest:—

Cicindela repanda, De.

var. 12-guttata, Dez. |
Cychrus Lecontei, De/.
Carabus sylvosus, Say.

Pterostichus corvinus, De/.
erythropus, De7.
Amara exarata, De.
pallipes, Avrdy.

|

Calosoma scrutator, /aé.
Wilcox, Lee.
calidum, Fad.

Elaphrus ruscarius, Say.

Loricera cerulescens, Zin.

Nebria pallipes, Say.

Scarites subterraneus, /ud.

Dyschirius nigripes, Zee.

Bembidium patruele, De/.

versicolor, Zee.
Sp. undetermined.

rubrica, Hla/d.

Calathus gregarius, Say.

_ Platynus sinuatus, Dey.
extensicollis, Say.
atratus, Lec.
melanarius, De.
corvus, Lee.
placidus, Say.
Bogemanni. Gy//.
ruficornis, Lec.

Galerita janus, 7a.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 273

Tachys nanus, Gy//.
flavicauda, Say.
Patrobus longicornis, Say.
Pterostichus honestus, Say.
coracinus, Vewm.
stygicus, Say.
lucublandus, Say.
caudicalis, Say.
luctuosus, Dez.
Agonoderus pallipes, Fad.
Harpalus erraticus, Say.
viridizneus, Beauv.
Sp. undetermined.

pennsylvanicus, De G.

fallax, Lec.
pleuriticus, Azrby.
viduus, Lec.
Stenolophus plebeius, De.
conjunctus, Say.
Anisodactylus Harrisii, Zec.

interstitialis, Say.

Ilybius biguttalus, Germ.
Hydaticus stagnalis, /ad.
Dytiscus fasciventris, Say.
Gyrinus canadensis, Reg. ?
analis, Say.
Berosus striatus, Say.
Philydrus perplexus, Lec.
Hydrobius fuscipes, Lenn.
Creniphilus sub-cupreus, Say.
Cercyon. pygmeum, /7/.
Necrophorus vespilloides, /és¢.
Silpha Americana, Lizz.
Pederus littorarius, Grav.
Sunius longiusculus, Jann.
Tachinus repandus, “orn.
fimbriatus, Grav.
Erchomus ventriculus, Say.

Lebia viridis, Say.
Metabletus americanus, De/.
Cymindis pilosa, Say.
Brachynus cyanipennis, Say.
Chlenius sericeus, /ovst.
vennsylvanicus, Say.
Anomoglossus emarginatus, Say.
Brachylobus lithophilus, Say.
Liodes discolor, AZe/s.
Homalota trimaculata, 27.
Bolitochara picta, Fauv.
Aleochara bimaculata, Grav.
graciliformis, azz.
Gyrophena vinula, +r.
Quedius fulgidus, ad.
levigatus, Gy//.
Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav.
Creophilus maxillosus, Zin.
Staphylinus violaceus, Grav.
Philonthus pclitus, Zz.
longicornis, Steph.
micans, Grav.
cyanipennis, /aé.
sordidus, Grav.
Sp. undetermined.
Xantholinus obsidianus, J7e/s.
emmesus, Grav.
obscurus, £7”.
N.S. (found here).
Baptolinus longiceps, /azvz.
Stenus—3 sp.
Lathrobium punctulatum, Zee.
bicolor, Lec.

Stilicus, sp.

Histerdepurator, Say.
sedecimstriatus, Say.
carolinus, Pay.
Lecontel, JZaz's.

THE CANADIAN

Conosoma pubescens, ay.
Boletobius cincticollis, Say.
Olistherus substriatus, GyZZ.
Oxyporus femoralis, Grav.
rufipennis, Lec.
Oxytelus sculptus, Grav.
pennsvlvanicus, £7.
insignitus, Grav.
Trogophlceus 4-punctatus, Say.
Scaphisoma convexum, Say.
Hippodamia 13-punctata, Lenz.
Coccinella trifasciata, Zz.
Chilocorus bivulnerus, JZz/s.
Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say.
Hyperaspis signata, O/7v.
Scymnus lacustris, Lec.
Endomychus biguttatus, Say.
Tritoma thoracica, Say.
Silvanus bidentatus, /ad.
Lemophleus fasciatus, J7e/s.
Calopteron terminale, Say.
Calochromus perfaceta, Say.

Ellychnia corusca, Zev.
Telephorus lineola, /ad.

scitulus, Say.
Collops tricolor, Say.
Trichodes Nuttalli, Avvdy.
Hydnocera pallipennis, Say.
longicollis, Zzeg.
Cis fuscipes, J7e/Z/ie.
Canthon levis, Drury.
Onthophagus Hecate, Pans.
Dialytes striatulus, Say.
Ulkei, Horn.
Aphodius fossor, Zznzz.
fimetarius, Zznv.
ruricola, JZe/s.
leopardus, Horn.

ENTOMOLOGIST.

Kpurrea Erichsonu, fect.
Sp.
Ips fasciatus, O/7v.
Stephostethus liratus, Zee.
Corticaria pusilla, JZann.
pumila. Zee.
Tenebrioides corticalis. J7e/s.
Cyphon obscurus, Giver.
Deltometopus amcenicornis, Say.
Dromaeolus Harringtoni, Horn.
Alaus myops, /aéd.
Agriotes fucosus, Lec.
Sp:
Melanotus castanipes, Pays.
fissilis, Say.
Corymbites medianus, Germ.
propola, Lec.
Dicerca tuberculata, Chev.
Sp. undetermined.
Buprestis rusticorum, A7rdy.
fasciata, Fad.
Agrilus ruficollis, Fad.
Valgus canaliculatus, Fad.
Hylotrupes bajulus, Zznz.
ligneus, /aé.
Calloides nobilis, Say.
Arhopalus fulminans, dé.
Xylotrechus sagittatus, Germ.
Clytanthus ruricola, O/7v.
Euderces picipes, Fad.
Desmocerus palliatus, Fort.
Centrodera decolorata, Harr.
Gaurotes cyanipennis, Say.

Typocerus sparsus, Lec.

velutinus, O/7v.
Leptura nitens, /orst.

canadensis, O/7v.
vagans (var. brevis, Az7éy )

THE CANADIAN

Aphodius lentus, /forn.
Geotrupes splendidus, /zé.
Anomala lucicola, ad.
Ligyrus relictus, Say.
Euphoria fulgida, /ad.
Osmoderma scabra, Beauv.
Trichius affinis, Gory.
Pachybrachys femoratus, O/zv.
hepaticus, J7Ze/s.
Monachus saponatus, /a@é.
Diachus auratus, /ad.
Adoxus obscurus (var. vitis, /ad.)
Xanthonia 10-notata, Say.

Typophorus canellus (var. aterri- |

mus. )

Chrysochus auratus, /ad.
Rhabdopterus picipes, O/7v.
Doryphora ro lineata, Say.
Chrysomela bigsbyana, Kzrby.
Galerucella nymphee, Zznn.
Diabrotica r2-punctata, Fad.

Ee vittata, Lad.
Phyllobrotica decorata, Say.
Cerotoma 3-furcata, /orst.
Dysonycha pennsylvanica, ///ig.
Haltica ignita, ///ig.
Crepidodera helxines, Zev.
Epitrix cucumeris, //arris.
Systena hudsonias, /orst.

marginalis, ///zg.
Nyctobates pennsylvanica, De G.
Xylopinus saperdioides, O/cv.

Loricera cerulescens, Zinn. (pilicornis, Fab).

ENTOMOLOGIST.

Monohammus confusor, Avrédy.
Urographis fasciatus, De G.
Saperda vestita, Szy.
3-dentata, Of.
Amphionycha flammata, ews.
Donacia palmata, O/iv.
piscatrix, Lac.
proxima, A7rdy.
2 sp. not determined.
* Tenebrio molitor, Zinn.
Blapstinus interruptus, Say.
Uloma impressa, JZe/s.
Diaperis hydni, Fad.
Boletotherus bifurcus, ad.
Cistela sericea, Say.

| Penthe pimelia, /ad.

Eustrophus confinis, Zec.
Canifa pallipes, JZe/s.
Stenotrachelus arctatus, Say.

Anaspis rufa, Say.

Mordella melena, Germ.
marginata, Me/s.

Xylophilus tuberculifer, (2/ra.)
Epicauta pennsylvanica, De G.
Attelabus bipustulatus, /@é.
Ithycerus noveboracensis, orst.
Lissorhoptrus simplex, Say.
Magdalis armicollis, Say.
Orchestes niger, /Zorn.
Gymnetron tetrum, ad.
Balaninus uniformis, Zec.
Eupsalis minuta, Drury.
Dryoccetes, n. sp.

A few examples of this

interesting beetle were taken on the margin of the lake under pieces of
It seemingly avoids muddy places.

A variety, or rather individuals of this
species, occurred with the margins of the elytra bordered with rufous like

drift partly immersed in the water.
Chlenius pennsylvanicus, Say.

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in ¢ércumcinctus, but which lack the smooth facets of the thorax of that
species. ‘This is the crcumcinctus seen in some Canadian lists, but the
true cércumcinctus does not inhabit Canada.

Aleochara graciliformis, /auv. This species, though named many
years ago by Mr. A. Fauvel (as I am informed), has never found a place
in our catalogue. It has been in my collection from various places in
Ontario for several years. It is a very pretty species, black, thorax with-
out impression, legs and elytra bright rufous ; an occasional individual has
the sides of the elytra narrowly black, and while such are more finely
punctate and have darker legs they are not considered distinct.

Philonthus politus, Zzzxz. (aeneus Rossi). This species was cor-
rectly determined by both Kirby and Macklin. It is nearly cosmopolite.
The folitus of our catalogue must be changed to /uscipennis, Mann.
These are the latest decrees of synonymists.

Creophilus maxillosus, Zev. Systematists now recognize but one
species of creophi/us as inhabiting North and South America, Asia,
Northern Africa and Europe. It exists in about ten named varieties or
variations, vid/osus, Grav., and dicinctus, Mann., being the American forms.

Bolitochara picta, Hauv. ‘This species was as abundant as in Penn-
sylvania, being gregarious on mushrooms. My types of this species dre
from Mr. F. Blanchard, for whom it was determined by Mr. A. Fauvel.
It has the habit of a Gyrophena. ‘The antennz, head, thorax, and last
segments of the abdomen are dark; the legs, 3 to 4 segments of the
abdomen, and pro and mesothorax are pale ; the elytra are pale, with an
ill-defined triangular space posteriorly and sometimes a spot around the
scutellum dusky. There is at the middle of the base of the thorax a cir-
cular depression marked anteriorly with two comma-like impressions.
Length, .10 inch.

Baptolinus ? longiceps, “awv. As Mr. A. Fauvel has stated that he
had seen examples of /ongiceps from Canada, special search was made for
that species, resulting in the taking of four examples, which. while not
agreeing with Mr. Fauvel’s characters of /ongiceps in every respect as
given in his synopsis (‘‘’Téte alongée, non transverse, un peu plus etroite
que le corselet ; corps brun; élytres ponctuées”), probably do not vary be-
yond specific limits ; the elytra are rather alutaceous than punctured ; the
form of the head—‘‘ long or transverse ”—is opinionative ; the colour
of the elytra, thorax and head, piceous. One example taken here
and two others at Ligonier, in the Alleghanies, are in every way identical

— =

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 214

Mr. A. D. Hopkins, Entomologist of the West Virginia Agricultural Ex-
periment Station, to whom one of the Canadian examples was submitted
for comparison, kindly states that there is ‘little perceptible difference ”
between it and that named J/ongiceps for him by Dr. Riley through the
National Museum. In the seven examples seen no sexual differences are
observable in the head or abdomen. I have examples of a species
occurring in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, which is quite
different, having a very large head, especially the ¢. It has received the
name macrocephalus, Nord, but from which it differs by not having
the 6th ventral segment of the g$ emarginate and the thorax tri-
punctate (Mannerheim’s description). I have two female examples
from Alaska—one from Wrangel with the thorax tripunctate (macro-
cephalus) agreeing in every other essential point with the New
Hampshire females; and one from Prince of Wales Island, with the
thorax bipunctate, entirely pallid, and .15 inch long, but otherwise agree-
ing with the Wrangel example ; more material, however, must be seen be-
fore their identity can be assured. ‘Thus it appears there are at least
three distinct species of Baptodinus inhabiting North America, whatever
may be said ofnames. This is the species mentioned as f7z/icornis in CAN.
Ent., XXIV., 293, but more material shows that the head is smaller than
in that species, the description of which otherwise is fairly applicable ;
and it is in many ways different from the New Hampshire species. In
the article referred to, read (Rev. Entomol., VIII, 117)., B. dongiceps,
Fauv., instead of as in lines 28-29. Mr. F. Blanchard mentions (7 /it?)
an example with the head scarcely punctured, taken by him in North
Carolina, which probably belongs here.

Dicerca, sp. Two examples, ¢ and 9, were taken in the lake, which
seem to be nondescript ; in size and sculpture they resemble Chrysea,
Mels., to which they were about to be referred till the terminal ventral
segment of the @ was observed to be rounded ; the same segment of the
¢ is truncate and rectangularly emarginate, and the middle tibia toothed.
Other examples were subsequently seen in another collection, and it is
possibly confused in northern cabinets with chvysea, from which it seems
best separated by the sexual characters of the female.

Aphodius leopardus, //orn, This species occurred in some abund-
ance, as it likewise did at Parry Sound on the Georgian Bay, and at inter-
mediate points. It was not taken with the other species about cow-yards,
but on paths through the forest, Before the introduction of domestic

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

cattle it probably lived in the ejectamenta of deer, moose and other wild
animals ; only one example of /entus was taken, and that in the forest ;
fossor was common, and whether it was originally introduced into America
from Europe is not free from doubt—it seems to inhabit the colder and
mountainous regions, and in Pennsylvania is not uncommon in the
Alleghanies. Rurico/a and fimetarius were excessively abundant every-
where, and seem to follow cultivation. /zguinatus has not as yet appeared
in this district.

Dialytes Ulkei, Horn. ‘Two examples were taken at Sparrow Lake
and another at Rosseau, about 50 miles northward. The type of the
species was taken at Deer Park, Maryland, and it is not known to me
whether it has ever been duplicated.

Leptura Canadensis,O//v. Occurred in some abundance ; it breeds in
the bark of dead pine trees like Urographus fasciatus does in that of oak,
without entering the wood. All the females seen had the base of the
elytra red; there is no uniformity in the coloration of the outer joints
of the antenne of the @; the 3rd joint is usually black, with sometimes
a pale spot at base ; the 4th is commonly pale at base for half its length,
sometimes the lower side is pale for its whole length and the upper black,
or again there is merely a pale spot at base ; the 5th is mostly half black,
but sometimes with only a pale basal spot; the 6th may be altogether
pale, or with the apex black, cr with it spotted on one side or on both ;
the 7th is altogether black, but exceptionally with a pale basal spot ; the
Sth is altogether pale, with the apex sometimes black ; the gthis as the 7th;
the roth is usually pale at base, but sometimes altogether black. The
antenne of the ¢ are black, but in some examples there is a pale spot at
the base of joints 6 and8. ‘These pariiculars have been entered into to
show that antennal colour variation cannot be used to separate into
species the variable forms now included in Canadensis.

Leptura vagans, O/?v. (var. brevis, Kirby). This variety should be
placed in our catalogue, inasmuch as it exists locally of a fairly constant
type ; that is, with dark elytra with a sulphur-yellow discal vitta on each ;
this was absent in one example, which was entirely black. The vagans
form has usually yellow elytra, some examp!'es being marked with brown
indefinitely. Without notice it requires some research to discover that
brevis 1S vagans.

Adoxus obscurus, Zivn. (var. vitis, Fab). This was beaten in great
abundance mostly from willow, though that this is its only food-plant is

—- - —

~y
©

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 2

—._- =

not affirmed. ‘The variety v7t/s is light brown, very constant in colour,
and so far the only form occurring in Canada. The variety odbscurus is
taken abundantly in places throughout the Rocky Mountains to Arizona
and New Mexico; typically it is black, but many of the examples are
rufous, and in some of these the rows of punctures on the elytra are biack,
causing a vittate appearance. ‘This rufous form is readily distinguished
from vétis by the greater intensity of the colour and the much coarser
punctostriation of the elytra. These two forms likewise occur in Northern
Asia and Europe, as well as three other named varieties.

Dysonycha pennsylvanica, //dig. (var. dimbicollis, Lec.) was taken in
great numbers from Polygonum hydropiper, which it‘had nearly defoliated.

Systena marginalis, ////g., was beaten in great abundance from the
dwarf oaks growing among the highest elevated rocks.

Xilophilus, n. s. About a dozen examples of this were taken at one time
by bush-beating, but owing to their minuteness only two were found in the
bottle,which contained many other insects. It is about halt the size of pzceus,
which it resembles in colour, and in having a transverse basal impression
on the thorax, though deeper ; the elytra are deeply circularly impressed
at base, giving rise to two tubercles well separated by the suture ; the
punctuation of the head and thorax is fine and dense, that of the elytra
coarser ; between each facet of the eye may be seen a clavate bristle, not
extending beyond the facet. The first three joints of the antenne and
the tarsi are pale. ‘The insect is piceous-black, finely cinereo-pubescent,
.045 to .o5 inch long, and may be called tudercudlifer, to preserve it from
the oblivion often incidental to such small things.

? Dryoccetes, Sp. This is probably the species cited in Packard’s
Forest Insects, p. 810, (5th Rep. U. S. Commission), as Dryocetes,
2? affaber, found by Mr. W. Hague Harrington in the cones of Pinus re-
sinosa. This insect by difference of antennal club and tibial form does
not appear to be a true Dryoccetes ; neither by colour nor elytral stria-
tion and punctuation does it conform to Mannerheim’s description of
affaber. Examples were sent to Prof. A. D. Hopkins, of the West Vir-
ginia Experiment Station, for comparison with affaber as determined by
Mr. Eichoff, who writes, “I have compared it with my examples of
Dryocetes, and find it quite a different thing from any of them ; in fact, it
differs so widely that I would pronounce it a new species. * *In the
club of the antenna and tibia it differs from the other species so much
that we might say it belonged to another genus.” This species breeds
in the cones of Pinus strobus, which grow to the length of 6 or 7 inches ;
the eggs are probably deposited in the young cones early in the season,
the vitality of which becomes so much impaired by the larve that they
drop to the ground when 3 or 4 inches long. Several of these collected
the last week in July contained larve apparently full grown. Cones
opened Sept. roth contained the perfectly chitinized and maturely
coloured beetles—z2o or more in each. ‘Therefore the pupa state must
have been brief.

280 THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIS'.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.—NO. VI.

BY E, P, VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.
1. AMALOPOTA FITCHI, 2. sf.

Closely allied to A. Uhlert. Smaller; elytra smoky, about twice
banded with white; nervures carmine, ocelli apparently wanting.
Length, 6 mm.

Male: Vertex shorter and broader posteriorly than in Ufderi, hind
margin very feebly emarginate, apex of the pronotum not advanced be-
yond the base of the lateral keels; frontal keel, viewed from the side,
broader and more strongly rounded, with a more conspicuous notch at
the base of the clypeus than in UZ/er7. Antennz ligulate, slightly nar-
rowed at base, the sides thickened and parallel beyond, setigerous notch
deeper than in Uf/er:. Eyes very feebly emarginate below. Pronotum,
viewed from above, less acutely angled before and exhibiting a slightly
thicker edge than in U#/er7, the expanded sides subquadrate with rounded
angles. Rostrum only attaining the apex of the hind cox. Elytra
similar in form to those of U/erz, the neuration nearly the same but with
fewer apical areoles, these being ten in number from the tip of the clavus
to the apex of the subcostal nervure ; subapical areoles six, of which the
first (outer) is large and oblong, the second small and triangular, and the
third the longest ; basal nervures four, long.

Colour pale yellowish-white, more obscure on the mesonotum and
abdomen ; sides of the face with a transverse carmine band between the
base of the antennz and the eye which is extended along the sides of
the thorax where it becomes darker ; abdomen sanguineous above, the
genital segments brown. Eyes and tip of the rostrum black ; antenne
reddish-brown, the thickened edges darker. Elytra blackish-fuscous ; a
basal elongated yellowish spot on the costa including the rounded elytral
appendage ; beyond this are two rounded dots, a broad transverse median
band not touching the costa, and a large angular spot on the third and
fourth subapical areoles sending a branch to the apex of the costa
and another to the middle of the apical margin, whitish-hyaline ; narrow
costal area white with four brown spots, the stigmatal deeper and crossed
at apex by a heavy carmine veinlet; nervures carmine-red, heavier
about the stigmatal region, around the apex alternated with white ; costa
and a line on the commissure near the apex of the :clavus, yellowish.
Wings whitish-hyaline, with slender sanguineous nervures.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281

New York. Described from a single example beaten by me from a
tree of the wild black cherry among the hills about twenty miles south of
this city, on July 28th, 1892. ‘This delicate little creature is a very inter-
esting addition to our list of North American Derbide. Though quite
distinct it is closely allied to the A. Uhlert, described in 1889, from
Western New York specimens. (See Can. Ent., Sept., 1889). The
characters of genus Ama/ofota, founded by me for the latter species, must
be somewhat modified for the reception of /7fchi, as in this species the
ocelli seem to be wanting, while in the Uf/eri they are quite distinct,
though small and but poorly defined. This genus, though certainly valid,
is very near Anotia, and forms a connecting link between it and Ofvocerus.
2. CICADULA SLOSSONI, 7. Sp.

Form and ornamentation of C. varéata nearly, but much smaller, with
the vertex shorter and the black markings more elaborate. Length, 2%4
toz3mm. —

Vertex 1 longer on the middle than next the eye, blunter before and
more rounded in both directions than in variata. Whole head much
more deeply and coarsely punctured, the clypeus a little more narrowed
apically, and the outer margins of the cheeks under the eyes shorter and
more deeply excavated, with the outer angles more prominent than in
variata. Pronotum distinctly transversely wrinkled, omitting the broad
posterior margin which is closely punctured ; in varzata the pronotum is
nearly smooth and more convex. Sides of the pronotum shorter, with the
lateral angles more rounded and the latero-posterior edges more oblique
than in variata. Last ventral segment of the female long, closely
appressed over the base of the pygofers, the hind margin slightly waved,
not distinctly notched on the middle as in varéata. Valve of the male
shorter than in variata, with the apical margin but feebly arquated ; the
plates longer and with their attenuated points longer and less recurved
than in the larger species.

Colour: Head yellow ; vertex with a large oval black spot on each
side including a yellow dot and sending a branch anteriorly to the eye,
apex with two large transverse black spots ; about four broken arcs on
the base of the front, a cloud beneath the eye, all the sutures of the face
and the median line black, the latter expanded on the apex of the clypeus
and the disc of the front. Antenne dusky. Pronotum tinged with
yellow anteriorly and marked with black along the fore border, and a
double brown longitudinal median band widening on the hind margin.

282 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

Scutellum black, with the tip, the lateral margins anteriorly, and a
median line reaching only to the transverse impressed line, yellow.
Elytra white, dusky toward the apex, marked as in varata, with oblique
brown bands forming a lozenge anteriorly, including a pale commissural
spot, and an x posteriorly with the tip of the clavus as its centre, the
median bands being common to both marks. These brown bands do not
attain the costa! margin, and are more strongly distinguished than in
variata. Abdomen and pleural pieces deep black, the margin of the
tergal pieces slenderly yellow, venter sometimes yellow with the segments
and connexivum bordered within their margins with blackish. Legs
brown, the joints and tibial spines pale.

New York; New Hampshire. Described from three examples ; one
male taken by me at Lancaster, N. Y., July 12th, 1889, a female taken at
‘High Bridge,” New York City, in June, by Mr. E. B. Southwick, and a
second female taken on the summit of Mt. Washington by Mrs. Annie
Trumbull Slosson, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating this pretty little
species as a slight tribute to her persevering devotion to the study of
entomology.

3. CHLOROTETTIX NECOPINA, 2. Sf.

Form and size of ferxgafus nearly. Vertex with a black transverse
band between the eyes. Colour above greenish-testaceous, marked and
clouded with brown ; elytra fuscous, with strong white nervures. Length,
7 mm.

Vertex a little more produced than in ¢ergatus, and the front propor-
tionately longer and narrower ; ocelli contiguous to the eyes. Last ven-
tral segment of the female thin, broadly and deeply cleft nearly to its
base ; this incisure at its apex armed with a small blunt tooth, the lateral
lobes ovate, in one example feebly angled at apex. Pygofers stout, very
slightly exceeded by the oviduct, and armed with a few stout brown
bristles. Other characters about as in fergatus. |

Colour: Beneath pale greenish tinged with testaceous, especially on
the front, which is marked on the sides by about ten nearly obsolete
brown arcs, and two brown dots are at the base of the clypeus ; eyes
dark brown edged with pale. Vertex with a broad transverse blackish
band just behind the ocelli. Pronotum testaceous, pale before and on
the median line, either side of which is a brown cloud, and a smaller one
occupies the latero-posterior angle, transverse wrinkles less distinct than
in fergatus. Scutellum marked with a piceous triangular spot within the

Tle) CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 283

basal angles, the median line, a dot on either side, and the impressed line
brown. Tergum fuscous, testaccous on the sides, the segment, edged
with pale. Elytra fuscous-brown, nervures conspicuous, white, brown at
apex. Wings smoky, iridescent, nervures brown. Legs pale testaceous,
claws and tip of the rostrum piceous.

Mississippi. Described from two female examples kindly sent me by
Mr. Howard Evarts Weed.

This very distinct species is quite anomalous in the genus in which I
have placed it by its dark colouring and conspicuous markings, thus
allying it with Zzmotettix parallelus. In most of its characters, however,
it is closely related to Chlorotettix tergatus, near which it must be placed.

4. ATHYSANUS EXTRUSUS, 7. sp.

Form of 4. variegatus, Kirschb., broad and short; pale greyish-yel-
low, vertex with a transverse blackish band, elytral nervures pale.
Length, 4% mm.

Vertex longer and more pointed than in oésoZetus, nearly 4% longer on
the middle than next the eye ; a broad transverse band on the disc and
an angular spot at apex blackish, each bisected by the longitudinal
median pale line. Face pale, front black with about eight pale arcs or
pale with as many blackish arcs, sutures of the face and a double longi-
tudinal line on the middle of the clypeus black; antenne pale, set on a
black cloud. Clypeus slightly narrowed to the truncated apex, its base
arquated. Cheeks feebly angled without, exterior to the outer line of the
lore longitudinally wrinkled; tip of the rostrum black. Pronotum
hardly longer than the vertex, mottled with dusky and showing four or
five pale longitudinal lines, more or less obsolete ; hind edge strongly
concave, surface transversely wrinkled, broad anterior margin smooth and
calloused ; sides longer than in odso/etus, carinated ; latero-posterior mar-
gins very oblique, almost continuous with the posterior margin. Scutelum
with four or five brown spots, the posterior sometimes obsolete. Elytra
short and broad, hardly exceeding the tip of the abdomen, pale, the
areoles more or less heavily edged with.fuscous. Abdomen brown or
almost black, edge fulvous, with a few fulvous clouds beneath ; pleural
pieces brown, pale margined ; legs pale, the femora banded with brown
and the tibiz dotted at the base of the spines. Valve of the male broad’y
triangular, apex obtuse ; plates irregularly quadrangular, widely spreading,
touching only at base ; outer angles produced, subacute, armed with a
‘few long bristles ; inner angles rounded ; styles very long, extending: for

Io4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

—— - ace coef ca

half their length beyond the apex of the plates, ligulate in form and
curved downward and outward at apex; pygofers rounded at apex,
almost equalling the plates, the small anal aperature placed superiorly.

New York; Connecticut. Described from three males. One taken
at Portage Falls, N. Y., May 30th, 1888. The other two specimens were
taken by me in Connecticut in the spring of 1883. One of these was
swept from weeds and bushes on the hills about Northford, June 26th ;
the other, a very deeply coloured example, I found in a grove on Prospect
St. in New Haven, June 4th. The long extruded styles of the males will
at once distinguish this from any other of our described species of
Athysanus.

5. ATHYSANUS INSTABILIS, 7. SP.

More elongated than most of our species of this genus. Black,
irrorated and finely marked with pale yellow. Elytra pale, the areoles
edged with fuscous. Length, 4-4’ mm.

Head obtusely pointed before ; vertex about % longer on the middle
than next the eye, passage to the front well rounded, base with a few im-
punctured areas. Ocelli large, fulvous, distant from the eyes ; temples
broad ; front convex, the sutures arquated at the antenne and incurved
at apex ; clypeus feebly narrowed towards its slightly rounded apex ;
cheeks rather narrow, but feebly angled, not exceeding the clypeus. Pro-
notum rather long, with the sides long and carinated, latero-posterior
edges straight, angles prominent, obtuse, surface strongly punctured or
shagreened. Elytra long, with the appendix well developed. Valve of
the male short, obtuse at apex; plates forming an equilateral triangle,
fulvous clouded with dusky, their edges nearly straight, fringed with pale
bristles. Last ventral segment of the female slightly produced and
rounded on the middle, feebly arquated either side within the short sub-
acute lateral angles; pygofers rather small, slightly exceeded by the
oviduct.

Colour black. Base of the vertex, outer edge of the cheeks, and mar-
gins of the eyes slenderly yellow. ‘Two transverse spots on the disc
of the vertex near its base, two lines anterior to these, one or two dots
near each eye, an angled slender line on the apex including a dot behind,
a dot on the temples, about six arcs, a basal spot and a longitudinal line
on the front, the latter expanded against the base of the clypeus, and

—————————— CC rt—(CO

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285

a spot on each lora, fulvous-yellow; disc of the cheeks with a pale
cloud which sends a branch along the upper edge of the lora to the front.
Antenne black, base of the seta pale. Pronotum irrorate and narrowly
edged with pale, with a few irregular yellowish marks along the anterior
border. Middle line of the scutellum, a curved markeither side of this
on the basal field and the margins yellow, the latter interrupted at their
middle. Narrow edges of the abdominal segments and the spines of
the pygofers pale. Femora with a fulvous band ; hind tibiz yellow,
dotted with piceous, the spines and claws whitish. | Elytra soiled white,
smoky at tip, nervures concolorous broadly bordered with fuscous, the
costal and commissural pale.

Michigan ; Colorado. Described from one male and three female
examples taken at Agricultural College, Michigan, by my friend Mr. G.
C. Davis, and another female received from Prof. C. P. Gillette, taken in
Colorado.

This insect is nearly allied to the species described by me as A¢hy-
sanus striatulus, Fall. (?), in Ent. Am., vi., p. 134, like which it has a well-
developed elytral appendix. Two of the specimens before me have a
second transverse nervure between the first and second sectors of the
elytra, thus allying them to De/tocepha/us, but for the present it seems
better to place them in genus Afthysanus.

Our described North American species of Athysanus may be -
arranged as follows :—
A. Stout species with a short vertex and abbreviated elytra, without an
appendix :—
1. m4. gbsoletus, Kirch. “2. A: extrusus,, Van D:~ 3% Avcomma,

Van D. 4. A. plutonius, Uhler.

B. Smaller, more elongated species, with more produced subconical
heads and longer elytra without an appendix :—

5. A. Curtisit, Fitch. 6. A. bicolor, Van D. 7. A. obtutus, Van D.

C. Species similar in form to those of the last section, but with a shorter
head, flatter vertex, and longer elytra with a well-developed ap-
pendix :—

8. A. instabilis, Van D, 9. A. striatudys, Fall. (?).

ISG TIE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON A POLYMORPHIC BUTTERFLY, SYNCHLOE
LACINIA, GEYER (IN HUB. ZUTR.), WITH DES-
CRIPTION OF ITS PREPARATORY STAGES.

BY W. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

“Godman and Salvin, Rhopal. L, p. 177, 1882, under the specific
name Lacinia, place Saundersii and Te/lias, Bates; Quehtela and Ar-
dema, Reakirt; Paupera, Felder; AMfediatrix and Muisera, R. Felder ;
Pretoria, Boisduval; Crocale, Edwards; Adjutrix, Scudder, and Adelina,
Staudinger ; all of which they consider but inconstant forms of one species.
From their works we quote: ‘Between these extremes, Ade/ina and
Saundersii, every gradation of colour can be traced, and ail the rufous
markings, as well as the yellow ones of the under side, can be exhibited
in different individuals from their maximum development till they vanish
altogether. . . . In the Southern States of North America, a form
occurs which is very like Sawndersi7, and is prevalent in Texas. This is
Adjutrix, Scudder, but we doubt the possibility of maintaining its dis-
tinction. In Arizona another form occurs, Croca/e, Edw., which we take
to be undistinguishable from Ade/:na, and therefore connected with the
whole series.’” Quoted from E. M. Aaron, in Papilio IV., p. 177, in his
paper entitled List of a Collection of Diurn. Lepid. from Southern Texas.
Mr. Aaron adds: ‘‘Among these Texas captures were Saundersit,
Adjutrix and Mediatrix ; the latter two were taken in copulation.”

I have not access to the works of Godman and Salvin, but Dr. Skinner
informs me that they figure eleven forms of this species, and its localities
extend even to Peru and Bolivia. ‘These authors based their opinion as
expressed not at all, so far as appears, from rearing the larvae. Indeed,
until recently, no one seems to have been acquainted with any of the pre-
paratory stages, not only of Zacinza, but of any species of the genus
Synchloe. In 1892, Prof. Packard sent me in a tube with alcohol an
adult larva and pupa, received by him from Prof. Tyler Townsend, of Las
Cruces, N. M. In 1893, by the aid of Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, also of
Las Cruces, I have been able to study all the stages from egg to pupa.
He wrote 7th July: ‘I sawa black and white butterfly, rather like a
small Limenitis (was it not Synchloe Croca/e?) settle on two or three
leaves of a sunflower.” On 26th July: ‘ Yesterday, Prof. Owen took me
to his ranch, a short distance from Las Cruces, and I got there some
Crocade Jarvee, which I send herewith. I find that the young are gre-
garious, feeding as closely as they can stand on the upper side of a leaf of

ney

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 28

Helianthus, which they skeletonize, instead of devouring the whole
thickness, as older ones do. They remind me of the young larve of
Vanessa Urtice. The older larve I send are of a red variety. The
larvee are trimorphic, with forms as follows :

I. nigra, a black form.

2. bicolor, black with broad red dorsal stripe.

3. rufa, red form.”

Again: ‘The Helianthus appears to be the common H. annuus.
One finds several larvz (adult) on one plant. Each has a leaf to itself,
and they select the large leaves, not the young tops. They rest on the
middle of the leaf, feeding by day, exposed to the sun. ‘They must be
inedible to birds, as they are very conspicuous. They gnaw holes out of
the middle of the leaf. I could not see that they make any sort of web,
and when alarmed they drop to the ground. At one place I found three
or four, all black. One larva found on a narrow-leafed composite (not in
flower) was about to pupate. It may have wandered from a sunflower,
though there was none nearer than several yards. It was pupating quite
exposed on the leaf.”

On July 29th: ‘‘ Yesterday, I found some batches of larve about
one-half grown, still gregarious, and for the most part on the under side
of the leaves. One batch was entirely of black larvee, but another, to my
surprise, contained all the variations mentioned in former letter. In the
majority of cases a brood is all of one colour, but at least sometimes the
three colours may all appear in one brood. I also enclose a Crocade
butterfly which was caught and killed by a large Asilid fly (Proctacanthus
Philadelphicus, Mocq.)”

Aug. 27th: ‘Yesterday I was in Juarey, Mexico (across the river
opposite El Paso), and got a lot of insects. Among them both typical
Crocale and the orange-shaped Adjutrix, as also a very pretty aberration,
rufescens. I send all these herewith, as also what I call ab. nzgrescens,
an unusually black form of Crocade proper, which I bred here in Las
Cruces.”

There came two labelled +zfescens and considerably unlike. One has
a broad red band across both wings reaching nearly to costa of primaries,
with marginal red spots on both wings ; the other has the red band on
hindwings one-half wider than usual and of deep colour, but there is noth-
ing of it on forewing, nor are there marginal red spots. Both these
varieties, I doubt not, hive received species names. The bred nigrescens

288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

has the spots that compose the white mesial band on hindwings reduced
to mere streaks of white on the nervules. No doubt this has received a
species name. But one of the Juarey exampies is plainly Ardema, of
Reakert: ‘‘ hindwings black, with an indistinct orange-brown shade across
the disk.”

Mr. Cockerell wrote 9th Sept.: ‘On the college farm, yesterday, I
found a batch of Synchloe eggs on the under side of a sunflower leaf.
They are like the eggs I sent before. ‘They are like the eggs of Melitza,
as figured by you in Butt. N. A. Synchloe seems to be practically a
Meliteea in its earlier stages. I send one example of iarva, black with
numerous yellow-white dots, a sub-variety of the black type. I found
several such.”

During the season I had also received several batches of larve of
Phyciodes Cav/ofa, from Montana, and eggs of same from Colorado, and
the larvee from the Croca/e eggs were reared at same time with the others,
so that I was able to compare the two species step by step. The eggs of
the two are in no way distinguishable, nor are the larvz in the first two
stages ; as regards shape and armature they are alike in the succeeding
stages, but differ in ccloration, But the pupa of the Synchloe is not like
that of Car/ota, which is of the typical Phyciodes shape and appearance,
and like Zzaros, but is closely like the pupa of Meliteea Baroni, as given
in Butt. N. A., Vol. IIL, pt. 3. The stages are described as follows :—

Ecc.—Similar to Phyciodes Zzaros: obovoid, truncated at top,
rounded at bottom, the lower three-fifths, or about that, examples varying,
covered with irregular shallow indentations ; the upper part ribbed, about
twenty-four ribs, not much elevated, not sharp, the interspaces roundly
and shallowly excavated ; top slightly depressed ; colour when first laid
pale green, later changing to green-yellow. Laid in close clusters side by
side in several rows. In the cluster under view each complete row (4)
contained just nine eggs, and there were shorter rows on either side of
these ; on-the top was part of another layer, placed irregularly and more
or less on their sides. These eggs were believed to have been laid 8th
Sept., or on the day when found, and hatched on 15th, or after six days,

YounG Larva.—Length at one day from egg, .o6 inch; cylindrical,
even, each segment wel! rounded ; furnished with many tapering black
hairs, or processes, of which those on segments 3 and 4 are in cross line
on the middle, four on either side above the spiracular line; on 2 is a
black oval chitinous patcn on top of dorsum, on which are six shorter

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289

processes in line, and another on each side just below the patch ; also
two others in vertical row to the front and opposite the spiracle , on seg-
ments 5 to 12 inclusive six processes, three on either side, arranged in
triangle as usual in the family ; on the front of 13 are six in cross line,
and the triangle on either side to the rear; along base of body one
similar short process over each foot, two on 5 and 6 each, and one each
to the remaining segments up to 12, in addition to which is a still shorter
process over base of each proleg, and on 5, 6, 11 and 12 below the other;
colour green, with a brown tint ; head scarcely broader than 2, obovoid,
slightly bilobed, shining black-brown, with scattered short processes over
the face like those of body. Duration of this stage three days.

After first moult: Length at one day,.1 inch ; colour variable, some
examples being light brown with a green tint, some of brown of darker
shades ; the spines as in Phyciodes, rather short, slender and _ tapering,
glossy black, with short bristles about them at a small angle, and rising
from shining black tubercles; head cordate, glossy black, with many
curved processes on the front. Duration of this stage, three days.

After second moult: Length at one day, .14 inch; colour variable,
some larvee being wholly black, some rust yellow, some of this last have
on dorsum and lower half of side, a dark brown sub-dorsal band _inter-
vening; the spines rather longer in proportion than before, otherwise
similar ; head as before. Duration of this stage, three to four days.

After third moult: Length at one day, .3 inch; shape and spines as
before ; the colour as before, but the russet more red, and on those which
are wholly russet are two black cross lines to each segment, one on the
rear, the other at the junctions ; head as before. To next moult, about
four days.

After fourth moult: Length at one day,.52 inch ; variable as before,
the rust colour deepened into red-fulvous. At about six days was full-
grown.

Mature Larva.—Length, .1 to 1.2 inch. Cylindrical, even ; colour
very variable, some being bright red-fulvous ; at the junction of the seg-
ments a stripe of glossy black, and on 4 to to inclusive a narrow, dull
black stripe near the rear of each ; under side greenish-brown, as is also
the front of 2; on the middle of 2 a dorsal chitinous collar, on which are
six small spines, three on either side the mid-dorsal line; a little below
these another ; a long spine below the spiracle; the spines on the suc-
ceeding segments arranged as in Melita, black, shining, not long in pro

290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

portion to the size of the body, rising from shining black tubercles, taper-
ing to an irregular top, and surrounded by many short black bristles set
at a small angle ; head cordate, black, glossy, with many tapering hairs
or processes on the face. Other examples are yellow-fulvous ; others
have a continuous red-fulveus band on dorsum, rather wider than the
tubercles of the dorsal row of spines ; or this band is macular, a rectan-
gular spot being on each segment, bearing the spine ; the lower part of
side is also red-fulvous, and the intervening space is dark-brown, forming
a sub-dorsal band the length of the body. The red on dorsum is some-
times reduced tu a small patch on each segment, on rear. Others are
black throughout, except that over the upper part are specks and minute
spotes of white or yellowish ; others are black, but from the second lateral
row of spines to basal ridge is a band of greenish-white and biack, mot-
tled, and sometimes the upper edge of this band shows a macular fulvous
line. In all, the spines are black. There aye at least three distinct types
of larva:

tst.—All red- or yellow-fulvous.

2nd.—The dorsum and lower part of side fulvous ; the subdorsal
area dark-brown.

3rd.—All black, or black with a greenish band on side.

From fourth moult to pupation, about seven days.

CurysaLis —Length, .45 to.52 inch 6; .55 to.64 inch 9. In an
example of which the length was .52, the breadth both at mesonotum and
abdomen was .2 inch; cylindrical, shape of Melitwa ; head case short,
narrow at top, and a very little incurved, the sides excavated ; meso-
notum rounded both ways and rising to a slight prominence on the rear,
but not carinated, followed by a slight depression ; abdomen conical ;
the wing cases somewhat elevated, bevelled down to the abdomen on the
margin ; colour the first day white, pink-tinted, then becoming ivory-
white, specked and spotted with black, with some black bands or stripes;
a stripe across the top of head case, a band from end to end on the
ventral side ; some spots on the head case ; on mesonotum two spots in
front, tvo on rear, one on either side (at the tubercle); in some ex-
amples these are mere points, but in others large, and form a ring around
the middle of the mesonotum ; on the abdomen a black crescent on the
anterior side of each tubercle ; on middle of wing case a bent bar, two
patches at hind margin, and several dots ; the tubercles correspond to
the spines of the larva, and are low, conical, orange. But there is great

sor

THK CANADLAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291.

variation in the size of the black marks, and there is every grade to a
nearly black pupa, black marked with white. No two of the melanic
examples were alike. Duration of this stage, five to seven days. By
the above, it will appear that the pupz also are polymorphic, some being
almost wholly white, some almost wholly black, with all sorts of intergrades.

These resulted from the pupz reared in July and August imagos
which came out between 2nd August and roth :—
1st.—From all red larva..............000+ 00663 orange banded, or Adjutrix
8 white banded, or Cvroca/e
2nd.—From all black larve ...............08. Tile caste sth. ances om sar Adjutrix
Ris Sestadeelveawe stetiagae sees Crocale
From pupz of the succeeding brood of larve, the imagos out between
29th August and 8th September :—

BS ie AM TCC IAT Veeco uiae vo sicavisjcusinn's ses Sec a el aA uedacsslitiesge eliu vere sieee eae FOCALE
oes Alle Dla Che taiVitec cner ssa cine canon csaccssen 2 \seesesees ScovnnsneedesaeOHOCale
Ares Sete cabiitews ons AOUUEEIA
3rd.— Red backed larvae.......c+..seee Sede.n00s WeQpemenicaey ute cetseecceesia OGOCILE
Bras : nee
I he avery walight orange tint.

rt very red and broad band.

The last brood of larve of the year, out of eggs hatched Sept. 15th,

hibernated after third moult early in October. As this is exactly the
habit of the Phyciodes (as Vyctezs and Carlota), we may assume that
the larve on their waking up early in spring, (Feb. or March, no doubt,
at Las Cruces), would be in pupz within two weeks thereafter, to give
imagos a few days later. Probably, therefore, the butterflies are on the
wing by April, and thereafter a brood will appear at least monthly. If
this is so, the first larvee received by me, in July, would have come from
the third generation of butterflies of the year, ‘This generation, from 29
pupe, gave 18 Adjutrix imagos to 11 Crocale, or 62 per cent, Adjutrix,
and 38 per cent. of Croca/e. ‘The following generation, from August
larve, out of 28 pupe gave 19 Crocale to 9 Adjutrix (including all red-
banded), or 68 per cent. Croca/e and 32 Adjutrix. The proportions in
the two generations were nearly reversed, and as the season goes on there
would seem to be a tendency to produce the white banded form. It will
be of interest to watch the outcome of the hibernating larve, and I hope
by Mr. Cockerell’s aid next season to learn which form prevails in the
two or three earliest generations.

As Lam correcting the proof of this paper, I can add from a letter of Oct. 21st,
from Mr. Cockerell ;—‘‘ The Synchlee is still flying here in fair numbers. I find that in

a state of nature the larve hibernate gregariously in the dead, curled up leaves of the
sun-flower.

29” TITER CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ON A SEEMINGLY MICROLEPIDOPTEROUS LEAF-MINER OF
THE NARROW-LEAFED COTTONWOOD.

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA, W. I.

In the same leaves of Populus angustifolia in which were found the
tenthredinid (lepidopterous ?) leaf-miners,* in the Canada Alamosa, north-
ern Sierra county, N. Mex., in June, 1892, there were also found specimens
of a very distinct leafminer. It bears a striking resemblance to the leaf-
miner of the vine found in the Mesilla valley of the Rio Grande. It
possesses the sucker-like mouth of that miner. After being mounted in
glycerine on a slide for several days, however, the outer portion of the
distended sucker-like organ became transparent, exposing within what
appear to be two stout rounded mandibles with teeth on their inner
edges.

Since this miner is footless, and yet possesses toothed mandibles, I
infer that it is micro!epidopterous. It mines on the lower side of the
leaf, not being visible from above.

Description of miner.—Length, 3% mm. Colour entirely white.
Whole larva fleshy, consisting of thirteen segments. Widest anteriorly,
narrowing posteriorly. Segments laterally rounded, the anterior ones
especially projecting on sides, the body being laterally deeply incisediat
sutures. Head rather triangular in snape, running to a blunt point an-
teriorly, widest behind—wihere it is less than 23 the width of protheracic
segment. Anterior end of head terminated with a sucker-like organ
distally distended, constricted at base into a neck-like junction with the
head, enclosing and concealing a pair of apparently corneous jaws or
mandibles. Mandibles are a little longer than wide, rounded-oblong,
furnished on inner edge with three recurved or posteriorly directed teeth.
Antenne springing from anterior lateral edge of head just posterior to the
neck-like constriction of the sucker-like capsule which encloses the mouth-
parts. ‘The antenne are apparently 4-jointed, but possess some super-
numerary bud-like joints. First two joints about same length, the basal
one slightly thicker ; third joint less than half as thick and shorter than
second, accompanied by two slender bud-like or tooth-like joints which
spring from the second joint and are shorter and narrower than third
joint. Fourth joint a little shorter and smaller than third, about size of
the supernumerary joints just described, accompanied by a shorter super-

*See article ‘‘ Another leaf-miner of Populus,” in Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. I,
’

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOiCGIST. 293

numerary joint which is terminated by a bristle. Eyes situated imme-
diately behind base of antennz, on outer edge of head, appearing asa
black dot with three other dots in a row behind. Prothoracic segment
widest ; mesothoracic and metathoracic segments about same width, and
a little narrower ; segments 5 to 7 about equal, and much narrower than
thoracic segments ; 8 to 11 successively and gradually narrowing, 12 a
little longer than 11; 13 widened, especially posteriorly, narrowing an-
teriorly, incised on lateral edge. All the segments nearly the same length,
the posterior ones more elongate for their width, head longer than pro-
thoracic segment. Surface of body very thinly clothed with a few fine
moderately long hairs, some on head. Feet and legs entirely absent.

Described from an. alcoholic specimen in a glycerine mount. A
second specimen, about the same size, has the segments more approxi-
mated, body hardly as tapering posteriorly, lateral incisures hardly as
deep, and the anal segment not widened. It is, perhaps, the same species.
Canada Alamosa, June 17.

ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF ONTARIO.

The annual meeting of the Society was held in its rooms in Victoria
Hall, London, on the 11th and rz2th of October, the vice-president, Mr.
J. M. Denton, occupying the chair in the absence of Mr. Harrington, the
president, who was unfortunately unable to be present. The reports of
the treasurer, librarian and curator, the council, the botanical, ornitholo-
gical, geological and microscopical sections were read and approved
Several interesting papers were read and addresses delivered. A number
of rare and remarkable specimens were exhibited. Full reports of the
proceedings will be published in the forthcoming annual report to the
Legislature of Ontario.

The following gentlemen were elected officers for the ensuing year :—

President—W. Hague Harrington, Ottawa.

Vice-President—J. Dearness, London.

Secretary—W. E. Saunders, London.

Treasurer—J. A. Balkwil!, London.

Directors—Division 1—James Fletcher, F. L. S., F. R. S. C., Ottawa.

. 2—Rev. C. J.S. Bethune, F. R. S. C., Port Hope.
3—Gamble Geddes, Toronto.

«« 4—A. H. Kilman, Ridgeway.

RS 5—R. W. Rennie, London.

294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London.
Editor of the CANADIAN EnromoLocist—Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A.,
DD GALaPort bape.

Editing Committee—J. Fletcher, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal ;
Rev. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec; J. M. Denton and J. H. Bowman,
London.

Delegate to the Royal Society—Rev. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec.

Committee on Field Days—Dr. Wolverton, Messrs. Clement, Elliott
and Stevenson, London.

Auditors—J. H. Bowman and J. M. Denton, London.

HYBLGAA PUERA, CRAMER.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LaS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

Mr. Butler (P. Z. S., 1892, p. 133) remarks concerning the Wyb/eide
(Hybleine, | would rather write) as follows :—

“The position of this family is somewhat doubtful ; the aspect of the
species forcibly reminds one of the Tortrices, but the neuration does not
altogether correspond with that of the Zortricidw ; at the same time the
Hybleide do not appear to be true Noctuites.” How this may be, I can-

not venture to judge, but HZ puwera is very common in Kingston, Jamaica,
and as I have bred it, a description of the larva may help to decide the
question.

Larva: about 19 mm. long, rather reminding one of the megacephala
group of Acronycta. Body cylindrical, with sparse hairs of moderate
length Head shining pitchy-black Body black above, with a more or
less interrupted red dorsal stripe ; and very narrow subdorsal white stripes,
much broken into spots. The black continues as far down as the spira-

cles, but just above the spiracles is another broken white line, like the
subdorsal. There is a narrow yellowish-white band along the lower mar-
gin of the black, and below this the body is marbled with grey and pale
reddish- brown, a small hair-patch below each spiracle being ringed with
white. Abdominal legs pale brown. ‘Thoracic legs shining red- brown.
The first 3 and the last body-segments are almost entirely black beneath.
Lives in curled-up leaves of Cata/pa, in which it pupates.

Pupa bright red-brown.

Larva and pupa found in Kingston, May 3, 1892. Three moths
emerged on May to.

Mr. J. J. Bowrey has briefly referred to the larva in Handbook of
Jamaica, 1881, p. 118. Moeschler, in his Porto Rico work, says the larva
is found on Crescentia and Zecoma. ‘The distribution of the insect is
extraordinary—West Indies, Brazil, Java, Ceylon, Nepal, China, 5S.
Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, etc.

jl ae ee age

bo
co
ol

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK :NOTICES.

EXPERIMENTAL FARMS: REPORTS FOR 1892. Printed by order of Par-
lament: Ottawa, 1893.

This valuable “ Biue-book” has been before us for some time, having
been distributed in April jast, but various circumstances have prevented
us from noticing it and several other publications, for which we are in-
debted to the courtesy of the authors. Our readers will, of course, be
chiefly interested in the report of Mr. James Fletcher, the Entomologist
and Botanist of the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, which occu-
pies twenty-four pages of the volume. After mentioning the chief insect
attacks of the year, Mr. Fletcher gives an interesting and valuable
account of the life-histories of the Hop-vine Borer (Aydrecia immanis,

‘Guén.), the Red Turnip-beetle ( Zxtomoscelis adonidis, Fab.), the Western

Blister-beetle ( Cantharis Nuttadli, Say), and the Birch Bucculatrix (2.
Canadensisella, Chamb.); in these there is much new and original matter,
as well as a summary of the previous observations of others. The iden-

tification of the hop insect, which is also called, from its mode of attack,
the “Collar-worm of the Hop,” is particularly interesting. Its injuries
have been observed for more than twenty years, but it was a long time
before the moth was reared from the destructive larve and its identity
established. The most effective remedy for this insect appears to be the
encouragement of the unsavory skunk in the hop-yards ; in the northern
part of the State of New York and in Wisconsin, this animal has been
found most useful from its habit of digging round the infested plants and
devouring the worms. The turnip and blister-beetles referred to have
been very destructive in the Northwest Territories, the latter attacking
the Windsor Bean, while the Birch Bucculatrix has infested the trees in
the neighbourhood of Ottawa. Mr. Fletcher also describes several useful
parasites which serve to keep in check the currant and willow saw-flies
and other injurious insects. The remainder of his report is devoted to
an account of the potato-blight which affects the leaves of the plant, and
the potato-rot affecting the tubers, anda chapter on lawn grasses and
fodder plants.

CATALOGUE OF THE LEPIDOPTEROUS SUPER-FAMILY NOCTUID& FOUND
IN BoreAL AMERICA: By John B. Smith, Sc. D.: (Bulletin No. 44
of the United States National Museum). Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, 1893.

This volume of four hundred and twenty-four pages will be heartily
welcomed by every student of the Noctuide of North America. It is
not a mere list of species, but a complete bibliographical and synonymical

296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

catalogue. ‘The authority, date and reference are given for each genus,
and under each species are given the date, author and place of publica-
tion of the original description, followed by any other published refer-
ences, the synonymy, habitat, and where the type can be found. Anyone
who has attempted to keep a record of the published references to our
Lepidoptera—and we have all been compelled to do so in some form or
other—will appreciate the immense amount of labour that Prof. Smith
has performed in the preparation of this work, and must feel heartily
grateful that he has now relieved us of a task that few are competent to
accomplish satisfactorily. The saving of time, and the satisfaction of
knowing that one is not now likely to overlook anything that has been pub-
lished regarding a species, are no small boons to the student. For a full
explanation of the origin and purpose of the work, we must refer the
reader to Prof. Smith’s somewhat lengthy preface, which will be found
well deserving of careful perusal. The general index at the end of the
volume makes the work complete, and we have no hesitation in saying
that it is the most useful publication on the North American Noctuide
that has yet been issued from the press. We trust that the author will
before long be able to lay us under still greater obligations to him by the
publication of his contemplated monograph of the whole of this family

of moths,

CORRESPONDENCE.
CORRECTION,
Sir,—In my last paper, ‘‘ Washington Tenthredinide, etc.” I find that
I have made the following mistakes :—Page 238, line 13 from top, 23
from top, and page 239, line 6 from bottom, the word /Zadzwm should in
each case be /abrum. A. D. MacGILiiveay.

CALLIDRYAS EUBULE.

Sir,—On the 5th of October last I observed a bright yellow butterfly,
much larger than any of our species of Colias, flying in the street here,
but it soon passed out of sight over some houses. On the oth inst. I
observed some others, and at last succeeded in capturing what proved,
to my great delight, to be a specimen of Cad/idryas Eubu/e, the first
taken in the State of Iowa. Hitherto it has not been seen north of
Missouri ; though I have collected in this State for ten years, I have never
met with this butterfly before, but now I have taken no less than four
specimens, all females, and so fresh that they look as if they had just
emerged from the chrysalis. Keota is built upon ‘‘ the divide,” and is ten
miles either north or south from any heavy belt of timber, or any large
stream of water. These specimens must therefore be “ wind-visitors,” as.
Mr. Grote terms them, and have been wafted here by the air-currents from
the south. A. S. VAN WINKLE, Keota, Iowa.

Mailed November 4th.

SS ——_-—

The anatiay myatomologtst.
OL xy, i 3

- LONDON, DECEMBER, 1893. No. 12.

NOES ON TEE, OCCURRENCE OF HEPIALUS THULE;
STRECKER, AT MONTREAL.*
BY H. H. LYMAN, M. A.. MONTREAL.

In the part of Mr. Strecker’s Lepidoptera, Indigenous and Exotic,
dated Feb. 22nd, 1875, is the description, and on the accompanying
plate an excellent figure, of this species from a female sent to that author
by the late Mr, Cauifield, and which was probably taken in the previous
summer. The specimen was found in Phillips Square, which is about two
miles from its nearest known locality, by the caretaker, from whom it
passed to the taxidermist of the Natural History Society, who gave it to
Mr. Caulfield.

From that time I can find no further record of its capture till that
given in the Feb., 1884, number of the Canapian ENtTomo.ocist (Vol.
XVI., 39), by the late Mr. Bowles, who recorded having received a speci-
men of it during the previous year, 1883. He also stated in the same
note that Mr. J. G. Jack, of Chateauguay Basin, P. Q., had also a
very beautiful specimen of this moth, presumably taken in that locality.

In 1889, when looking into this matter, I wrote to Mr. Jack, at
Jamaica Plain, informing him that I had found it recorded in the old
minute book of the Montreal Branch that he had found the larva of what
was probably a large species of Hepialus at Chateauguay, and asking him
for particulars about this matter, and especially whether he had ever
succeeding in rearing the larva to imago, or had taken this species there,
and mentioning what Mr. Bowles had published in 1884. To this letter
Mr. Jack replied that for two or three years in succession he had found
a larva which he believed to be a Hepialus in the stems of Acer Spicatum,
and one in a stem of A. Rubrum, and another in that of A. Pennsylvani-
cum ; that the stems in which they were found were from one to two
inches in diameter ; that the borings extended from about a foot above the
surface of the ground down into the rootstock, and that the point of exit

* Read before the meeting of the Entomological Club of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, at Madison, Wisconsin, August, 1893.

295 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

was usually but a few inches above the surface of the ground ; that the
larvae were searched for and found in late fall or early winter, and that
though about a dozen were found he did not succeed in breeding the
imago ; and finally that he never took 47 Zhule anywhere, but exchanged
with the late Mr. Shaw, of Montreal, for a nice specimen which he after-
wards gave to the Museum at Cambridge, Mass.

No further specimens, so far as I have been able to ascertain, were
taken till 1885, in which year Mr. Shaw was so fortunate as to secure
nine specimens. Mr. Shaw, to the great regret of our members in the
Montreal Branch, died in 1886, and I was therefore unable to learn any
further particulars from him.

In 1887 I searched in vain for the species, but in 1888 I was success-
ful in discovering it, and took twelve specimens.

The locality where I discovered it, and which was probably the same
as where Mr. Shaw had found it, is the brow of the old sea terrace of the
post-pliocene period which extends for some miles east and west of Mon-
treal, at a point in the municipality of Cote St. Antoine on the western
outskirts of Montreal, and just above the St. Henry Swamp. I only found
it in a very limited portion of this locality, not more than 4o0o or 500 feet

in length, and supposed it was restricted to this very small area.

In 1889 I only secured six specimens, though I visited the locality
much oftener, and in 1890 one just before starting on a trip across the
continent, while in 1891 I only obtained two, and one other was taken by
Mr. Winn.

From these facts I feared it was doomed to extinction in this locality,
as the Canadian Pacific Railway runs along the brow of the terrace, and
the swamp at its base is being drained and cultivated, and will be built
over in a few years.

But last year we learned from one of our members that he had taken
the species about three miles further west, but on the level swampy tract
below the terrace, and some of our members went out on 15th July and
two specimens were secured. This year Mr. Winn has traced it out all
along this terrace, so that its range is much more extensive than we
supposed.

The earliest date upon whicn I have taken it is 6th July, and the latest
upon which I have heard of its being taken is 20th July of this year, but
the specimens were worn and ragged.

The species seems to fly only for about fifteen to twenty minutes in

Ain

eer eee

—e

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299

the twilight, as I have never taken it before ten minutes past eight, nor
ever after half-past eight. Bright, clear evenings I have found much more
favourable than cloudy ones, though J have visited the locality on many
evenings without seeing one.

I have never succeeded in seeing where they came from, though I
have stood watching intently for them for fifteen minutes or more before
they appeared, but suddenly two or three would be in the air together,
often out of reach of the net, swinging back and forth in their peculiar
oscillating manner, though single individuals have been taken by others
while flying along near the ground.

_ If touched by the net without being caught, they would drop into the
grass apparently quite helpless. Six-sevenths of those which I have taken
were males, but others have secured a more even division of the sexes.

One of the specimens taken in 1891 was a female, which I kept alive
in order to secure eggs. It laid freely an enormous number, and I do not
know whether it might not have laid more had it been kept alive longer.
It was kept alive for two days in a wooden box, with gauze over the top,
and seemed to hang perfectly quiet and to allow the eggs to run from her,
as they were not attached, but loose in the bottom of the box. At the
end of this time she was found to have been knocking about and spoiling
her wings, and so was killed. The eggs were counted very carefully, and
were found to amount to the enormous number of 2,151.

The following description was taken :—

Length, .o27 of an inch.

Breadth, .o22 of an inch.

Even oval, slightly flattened on lower side, perfectly smooth, but dull,
like unglazed porcelain. i

Colour, a pale honey-yellow when laid, soon turning black.

This female, however, must have been virgin, as the eggs speedily
shrivelled, so that I was unable to obtain the young larve, or to make
any of the experiments which I had contemplated in the direction of
placing the eggs upon any likely food-plant. In connection with this
subject several questions of great interest arise. It is well known that
the moths of this family are very abundant in the Old World, one espe-
cially, Hepia/us Vel/eda, swarming in Scotland in myriads, yet though we
have a great many species on this continent, I do not think that any one
can be considered other than very rare, except AH. Mustelinus, which
Packard reported (Proc. Ent, Soc., Phil., III., 394), as not uncommon at

500 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Brunswick, Me., at light, and 47. Argenteomaculatus, which is stated to
be pretty generally distributed, though it is certainly not common in the
imago state.*

Now, if the females in this genus produce over two thousand eggs
each, it can be easily understood why they are so abundant in Europe,
but why are they so rare on this continent ?

Mr. D. S. Kellicott, who discovered the larva and pupa of 7. Argen-
teomaculatus, found that that species bored in the roots of Alnus incana,
but came up into the stem when mature, and Prof. J. B. Smith stated that
it bred also in oak, willow and poplar. Mr. Kellicott stated in his paper
upon this subject, which he read before this club at the Cleveland meeting,
that after these nearly mature larve had come up into the stem, large
numbers of them were destroyed by woodpeckers.

Upon reading this, it occurred to me that possibly this furnished the
key to the mystery of the scarcity of these moths on this continent, and I
therefore wrote to an ornithological acquaintance to ask if woodpeckers
were more abundant on this continent than in the Old World. This
gentieman replied that while he had no definite knowledge upon that
question, he should judge that we had in Canada ten to twenty times as
many woodpeckers to the square mile as they had in England.

I must, however, confess that even if this estimate be correct it is not
an entirely satisfactory explanation, as there are on this continent a num-
ber of small species in this genus which no doubt feed in the roots of
shrubs or herbaceous plants where woodpeckers would not be likely to
find them, which are quite as rare as the larger species. I also wrote to
Dr. Strecker to learn whether, so far as he knew, Thule had ever been
found in any other locality than Montreal, to which he replied as
follows :—‘‘ Some years since, an example of f[epialus Thule was taken
somewhere in Wisconsin, I don’t recollect where or by whom, but a
sketch was sent me at the time for identification, which I immediately
recognized as that species.”

In regard to the life-history of the species in this genus, the English
entomologists ta whose works I have access are extremely vague. Stain-
ton, in his Manual I., 109, says of the genus, ‘“ Larva feeding on the
roots of plants,” which leaves it very indefinite as to whether he means in
the roots or tunneling in the earth and feeding on the roots. He even
says that the larva of H. Hectus feeds on the leaves of dandelion, and F.
O. Morris says “on the dandelion.” Newman, “ British Moths,” does
not commit himself as to Hectus, but of most of the cthers he says ‘on
roots,” but of H. Velleda he says “in thesubterraneous rhizome of the
common brake, ( Preris aguilina ).”

In spite of the very loose statements of English entomologists, I think
there can be no doubt that the larve of this genus are internal feeders, as
stated by both Harris and Packard.

*Since writing this paper Prof. J. B. Smith has called my attention to the fact
that 47, McGlashanz is very abundant. See Ent. Amer., II., 15.

— a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301

ON SOME UNDETERMINED BOMBYCES.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.
Tuia (THELETHIA) EXTRANEA, Hy. Edw.

Mr. Andrew Bolter, of Chicago, has kindly sent me the type of this
species for examination. It proves to belong to none of our families of
Bombyces, as I had suspected. (See Journal N. Y. Ent. Soc., I., 98).
On comparing the venation with Pseudanaphora arcanella, Clem.,* I
find it to be essentially the same, differing only in details. Vein 2 of the
secondaries is more remote from vein 3 in Thia than in Pseudanaphora,
the lower fork of the discal vein ends between veins 4 and 5 instead of
at origin of vein 4, and veins 5 and 6 arise from a common point instead of
being well separated. Vein 8 (cosial) present in both, strong, distinct, free,
not ‘apparently none.’ On the fore-wings the venation is very similar in
both. The second internal vein (submedian) is weak ; the first strongly
furcate at base. A!l the venules free, unbranched. Subcostal vein very
remote from the costa, all closely as in Pseudanaphora.

The fore-wings of this little moth are closely and heavily scaled
above, glossy black ; below of a gray brown, the veins slightly discolor-
ous, the costa and fringe black. Hind-wings nearly hyaline, with but a
few scattering scales ; the fringe well developed, black.

Body parts black, the tongue pale, contrasting.

As the name Thia has been used before in entomology, the present
Tineid genus may be known as Zhelethia.

CISTHENE (CLEMENSIA) LACTEA, Stretch.

Mr. Beutenmiiller has discovered a specimen of this species in the
Edwards collection, without label. So far as I have been able to examine
it, it does not violate the characters of Cisthene, but its coloration is so
different from the other species of the genus that I would prefer to place
it in Clemensia, with which it agrees perhaps equally well structurally.

PSEUDOPSYCHE (OkDONIA) ExIGUA, Hy. Edw.
According to the present arrangement, the synonymy of this species
is as follows :—
Family, Psycuipa&.
Genus, Oeponta, Avrby.

“Determined by Prof. C. H. Fernald,

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1893, Kirby, Cat. Lep. Het., I. 524.

|| Pseudopsyche, Hy. Edw.

1882, Hy. Edw., Papilio, II., 124.

QO. ExiGuA, //y. Ldwards.

1882, Hy. Edw., Papilio, II, 125.

No characters have been published which would allow of giving the
genus Oedonia a family location. Its reference to the Psychide is pro-
bably due to its colour only. The statement that the pectinations of the
antenne are furcate at the tips I am unable to verify, and I regard it as
erroneous. ‘The other characters which have been given are general
ones.

I have examined Mr. Neumoegen’s specimen, by the kind permission
of that gentleman, and present my notes on the venation, as they may be
of assistance to some one :—

Primaries.—Vein 1 free, straight, simple, not furcate at base, remote
from internal margin ; median vein 4-branched, vein 2 arising beyond
the middle of cell; all the venules, veins 3 to 11 inclusive, simple, un-
branched, arising independently and nearly equidistant from each other
from the end of the cell. The cell is oval in shape, pointed at base.
Vein 12 from the base of wing, free, about midway between the sub-
costal vein and costa.

Secondaries.—Three internal veins. (I am unable to make out vein
Ia positively, owing to the condition of the specimen and to the fact that
I cannot bleach the wing. Veins 1b and rc are present, the latter in the
normal position of the submedian fold). Median vein 4-branched, cell
closed, the cross vein angulated between veins 5 and 6, with a discal fold
from the angulation. Vein 6 arises half way from the angulation to the
apex of cell, vein 7 from apex of cell; vein 8 free from base, straight.
The frenulum consists of a minute spine, apparently without any costal
loop on primaries. The exact location of this genus I will leave to
students of the Microlepidoptera. One of the type specimens is in the
Edwards collection in the American Museum of Natural History, New
York, the other in the collection of Mr. B. Neumoegen.

LIMACODES FERRIGERA, Walker.

Mr. A. G. Butler has very kindly sent me a good coloured figure of
the type in the British Museum, and it proves to be Adoneta spinuloides,
Clem.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303

GLUPHISIA SEPTENTRIONALIS, Walker.
DASYCHIRA CLANDESTINA, Walker.

Both these names refer to G. ¢rz/ineata, Pack., and both antedate it.
Mr. Butler has sent me a sketch of sepfentriona/is and notes on it, and
Mr. J. A. Moffat has compared the type of c/andestina with specimens of
trilineata, and writes me that “it is, so far as I can make out, almost
identical with what we have under the name of Gluphiséa trilineata.”
The synonymy will be :—

G. SEPTENTRIONALIS, Walker.

1855, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., IV., 1038, Gluphisia ?

1882, Grote, check list, p. 18, pr. syn. trilineata ?

clandestina, Walker.

1861, Walker, Can. Nat. & Geol., VI., 36, Dasychira.

1877, Grote, Can. Ent., [X., 21, Gluphisza.

trilineata, Packard.

n904.. Packard.) broc.-Ent..soc. Phil., 1EH., 355.

ICHTH\URA APICALIS, Walker.

As suggested by Dr. Packard (Ent. News, IV., 79), this species proves
to be /. vaw. Mr. Butler has sent me a coloured figure of it. The name
takes precedence, and we have :—

I. aprcaLis, Walker.

1855, Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., V., 1058.

vau, Fitch.

1859, Fitch, 5th Rept. Nox. Ins. N. Y., 65.

indentata, Packard.

nod back, Proce Entssoe. Phil: IIL.; 352.

ornata, Grote and Robinson.

1868, G. and R., Trans. Am. Ent..Soc., II., rgrt.

incarcerata, Boisduval. :

1868, Boisd., Am. Soc. Ent. Belg., XII., 86.

Not to mention the synonymy of the paler form.
CERTILA FLEXUOSA, Walker.

I have shown Mr. Butler’s figure of this to Prof. J. B. Smith, and he
feels sure that it represents Raphia frater. This removes the name from
the list of undetermined Bombyces.

Mr. Butler deserves hearty thanks for his kindness in assisting us to
determine these names.

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE MESILLA VALLEY COTTONWOOD LEAF-MINER
DETERMINED.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA.

Among the first insects which I found upon my arrival in the Mesilla
Valley of New Mexico, in March, 1891, was a small sawfly. My notes
on this species were made as follows at the time :—

March, 1891.—Specimens of a small yellowish and brownish sawfly
were found quite abundant flying everywhere from middle to last of
March. ‘They were not found on any plant, but their numbers make it
probable that they will turn up as injurious to some plant. Det. by Dr.
Riley as Llennocampa, nov. sp.

In an article in Zoe., vol. iii., p. 234-6, Oct., 1892, under the title of
a leaf-miner of Populus fremontii, | described the larvee, there supposed
to be tineid, and gave an account of their great destructiveness to the
foliage of these trees in the Mesilla Valley in 1891 and 1892. All
attempts to breed the miner were futile.

However, in April, 1893, the trees were watched carefully during the
time when the leaves were opening. ‘The result was that on April gth,
adult sawflies were found very numerous on the cottonwoods, flying about
and (apparently) ovipositing in the partially opened leaf bunches. The
leaves were one-third to one-half opened at the time. ’

Specimens of these sawflies were captured on the spot. On being
carefully compared with the specimens taken in March, 1891, which, as
above mentioned, had been determined by Dr. Riley as a new species of
Blennocampa, they were found to be the same. Dr. Riley has since ex-
pressed doubt ¢z /¢¢. that the two were the same. Though I did not
breed the species, | am sure quite beyond any doubt that the sawflies
caught April 9, 1893, are the adults of the leaf-miner referred to as
described in Zoe. Iam quite as certain also of the identity of these saw-
fijes with the Blennocampa, n. sp., determined in 1891 by Dr. Riley.

Dr. Riley has given me zz /¢t. the MS. name Alennocampa popult-
foliella to use for this species. I therefore place these notes on record,
so that my stand in the matter may be known. It appears that the pre-
cise name of the cottonwood of the Mesilla Vailey is Populus fremontii,
Watson, var. wés//zeni, Watson, as Prof. Ceckerell has pointed out to me.
(See Bull. 2, Forestry Division, U. S. Dept. Agric., 1889, p. 188).

I should also point out that | found in New Mexico other tenthredinid
(?) leaf-mining larve in Fopulus angustifolia, in the Canada Alamosa
(see Journ, N. Y. Ent. Soc., i, No. 2),‘which belong to a different genus
without doubt.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305

DESCRIPTIONS OF SOME SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA
OCCURRING NEAR ALLEGHENY, HERETOFORE
UNDESCRIBED.

BY JOHN HAMILTON, M.D., ALLEGHENY, PA.

Preparatory to the publication of a list of the Coleoptera of this vicin-
ity, ithas been thought proper to characterize and name the following
forms :—

Bembidium postfasciatum.—Coppery-bronzed, dark beneath, elytra
pallid, two dark fasciz. Head convex, impunctate, longitudinally
impressed on each side between the eyes, coppery-bronzed ; antennz
with three basal joints pale, the others fuscous ; thorax quadrate, base
and length equal, wider at middle, base truncate, basal strize double, hind
angles rectangular, carinate, dorsal line deep, coppery-bronzed, often
tinted green in the basal impressions ; elytra pallid, silvery white in life,
elongate oval. brcadly deeply impressed transversely behind scutellum,
deeply striate, striz dilated before middle and coarsely punctured, punc-
tures finer towards apex, intervals convex, third bipunctate, a broad un-
dulated dark fascia behind middle, another before apex sometimes inter-
rupted at the suture and sides ; underside dark, often with a greenish
reflection ; legs entirely pallid. Length, .18-.21 inch. Characterized
from 8 examples. Habitat: Palludial places along streams ; not common,

but abundant when found. This species has been distributed as a variety

ot dorsale, Say, from which it is abundantly distinct ; in that species the
head and thorax are brilliant green, the impressions of the thorax less
dilated, the strize of the elytra finer, not dilated near base and with finer
punctures, the intervals flat ; the fascia narrower and less conspicuous, a
greenish space around the scutellum and scarcely evidence of a trans-
verse impression.

Platynus parmarginatus.— Elongate, depressed, dark above, antenne,
mouth parts, underside, epipleure and reflexed margins of thorax ferru-
gineous, with a tendency to piceous on the abdomen. Head with deep
frontal impressions, a little narrower than the thorax within the marginal
reflexions ; thorax quadrate, widest at middle, narrowed to apex and
base by a curved line, anterior angles prominent, obtusely rounded,
posterior obtuse, side-margins uniformly and widely reflexed, discal line
fine not reaching base, length and greatest width equal ; elytra deeply
sinuate at apex, striate, intervals convex, the third with four punctures.
Length, .30-.38 inch. Characterized from 30 examples. Habitat :

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Su)
S
oO

Channels of spring runs on hills dry in summer; not common, but
abundant when found. This has been distributed as a variety of reflexus,
Lec., from which it is very distinct, the latter being much larger, with a
more elongate and differently shaped thorax, tripunctate elytra, and
piceous underside and legs. . cinctus has the same form of thorax with
parmarginatus, but the reflexed margin of the thorax is much narrower
anteriorly than posteriorly ; the thorax of reflexus is perceptibly longer, a
little coarctate on the sides before base, widest one-third from apex, and
may be termed lyriform.

Stenelophus humidus.—Piceous black, shining, basal joint of antennz
and feet pale. Head short, two-thirds as wide as thorax, smooth,
antenne brown except basal joint, very pilose ; thorax quadrate, a little
narrowed behind, sides curved, basal angles rounded, scarcely obtuse,
impunctate, discal line fine, sometimes obsolete, basal impressions shallow,
impunctate, often with minute rugee, lateral edge narrowly ferrugineous ;
elytra with impunctate striz, intervals scarcely convex, the third with a
minute puncture at apical third, somewhat iridescent, extreme sutural and
marginal edge sometimes pale ; scutellar striz at most rudimentary, fre-
quently invisible ; in the ¢, middle and anterior tarsi have the fourth
joints deeply bilobed. Length, .18-.20 inch. Characterized from 15
examples. Habitat: Grassy swampy places in meadows and abott
springs. Abundant. Distinct from S. p/edbeius, which it closest resem-
bles, by its smaller size, less rounded thorax, obsolete scutellar striz, and
other characters seen on comparison. This species has been distributed
as Stenelophus, N.S.

Soronia substriata.—Oval, length twice the width, much depressed,
pubescent, sordid, rufescent.

Head finely punctulate, a transverse row of minute tubercles and some
Scattering ones, antennze brown, fourth joint scarcely shorter than third,
antennal grooves nearly parallel; thorax two and one-half times wider
than long, apex deeply emarginate, base truncate, sides regularly curved,
incurved a little at base, side margins widely explanate and moderately
reflexed, medial line indistinct, surface not indented, densely finely punc-
tured to the extreme margin, pubescence fine and matted together on the
disk with a brown indument producing a granulated appearance ; elytra
widest at the base, sides forming with those of the thorax, except the
sinuation at base, a regular oval curve and with continuous broad reflexed
margins, feebly costate or substriate, densely finely punctured, setose,

~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 507

pubescence dense, very short and matted on the disk with indument, the
margins translucent when cleaned ; beneath shining, rufopiceous, under-
margin of thorax and elytra very broad and smooth, and with the venter
very densely, scarcely visibly punctate. The mentum and its appendages
are different from those in the other species, but to be understood a figure
is necessary ; the strial arrangement is more distinct than in wdu/ata or
the European grisea; there is no appearance of maculation except from
abrasion. The indument, whether natural or acquired, could probably be
removed like that on gvisea by washing with ammonia, and when cleaned
the surface would be rufous. Only two examples occurred in May under
maple (acer rubrum ) bark.

Corymbites elongaticotlis.—Black, sericeo-pubescent ; head coarsely
confluently punctured, front a little depressed, antenne, ¢ a little longer
than head and thorax, ? a little shorter, serrate from the second joint, 3rd
scarcely longer than 4th, 11th constricted slightly near tip ; thorax one-half
longer than wide, not very convex, a little roundly narrowed from middle
to apex, slightly constricted before the hind angles which are divaricate
and carinate, obsoletely canaliculate at base or not, finely and closely
punctured especially on the sides, a little shining when the pubescence is
rubbed off ; elytra not wider than thorax than which they are twice longer,
uniformly narrowed from base, strie of moderate depth, intervals convex
and closely punctured with fine punctures causing a rugous appearance,
finely sericeo-pubescent ; femora and tibiz piceous; tarsi rufescent
beneath, very slender, rst joint just perceptibly longer than 2nd, 5th as
long as 3rd and 4th conjointly ; abdomen sericeous, finely densely punc-
tulate, protborax and side pieces more coarsely. Length, .32-.45 inch.
Described from six examples ; not uncommon in Western Pennsylvania,
and I took an example at Parry Sound, Ontario. It varies greatly in size.
In the series it should be placed near ¢arsadis or mendax.

Hemiptychus castaneus.—Elongate-oval, widest at base of thorax and
elytra, rufocastaneous, pruinosely pubescent, excessively finely punctulate;
thorax at base sinuate each side of middle, obliquely truncate and sepa-
rated externally from the base of the elytra by an indentation for the
knees of the middle feet, external two strie finely impressed from the
middle continuously around the apex uniting with the short apical im-
pressions of the rst and 2nd striz, and in two examples traceable an-
teriorly to the humerus, from which in one of these is an evident third

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

stria ending at the middle; as indistinctly punctulate below as above.
Length, .o5 to.o8 inch. Described from 4 examples.

The pubescence is excessively fine, pruinose in appearance and lightly
attached ; when removed the surface seems highly polished, but with a
good glass is seen to be densely punctulate. The smooth species of
Hemiptychus; while readily separable by the eye, are not easily made
known by description.

This species is next to xéyritudus, the most common near Allegheny
and Pittsburg. On vaccinee and other low bushes; June, July; not
abundant.

/somira ruficollis—Piceous black, thorax, mouth parts, tibie and
tarsi ferrugineous. Head densely finely punctulate, transversely impressed
between the antenne, antennz brown, one-third longer than head and
thorax, in both sexes, third and fourth joints subequal, each not much
longer than one of the following ; thorax at extreme apex as wide as long,
twice wider at base, very graduately narrowed from base to near apex and
then suddenly incurved, margin exceedingly fine, base not or slightly
sinuate each side of middle, hind angles slightly acute, dorsal line often
scarcely evident, two or more vague discal impressions sometimes
present, punctulation exceedingly fine and dense, dull from a dense
microscopic pubescence ; elytra at base scarcely wider than the thorax,
slightly dilating to apical fourth, sutural stria not impressed before
middle, 2nd not evident beyond apical 3rd and no traces of the others ;
closely, moderately, coarsely, uniformly punctuate over the whole surface,
each puncture bearing a short inconspicuous hair, shining ; underside
punctulate like the upper, metasternum and side pieces more coarsely ;
length, .17-.21 inch. Described from eight examples.

Not rare on bushes near wet places. The elytra at full maturity are
shining black, more or less brownish when immature. In some examples
there is an undefined dark spot on the disk of the thorax. In this species,
as well as in many other Cistelides, the antenne differ much in length
among individuals of either sex, also in the length of the joints; and the
same is true in regard to the distance between the eyes ; therefore, these
characters are of little value for the separation of the species.

Acalles curtus,—Inflated, without erect setze, unicoloured, cinereous.
Head and heak, except at tip, finely granulato-punctate, punctures con-
cealed by indument; thorax equally wide at apex and base where the
width and length are subequal, one-fourth wider at middle, sides arcuately

stl er or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309

rounded, disk notably depressed before the scutellum. Surface, when de-
prived of concealing indument, granular from the density of the punctua-
tion, and with a polished dorsal line , elytra convex, inflated at middle,
measured across the convexity as wide as long, roundly contracted from the
middle to base where the width equals that of the thorax, posteriorly strongly
declivous, deeply and widely striate, punctures large and distant, intervals
convex and narrow with a crenate appearance ; legs granulato-punctate
and coated like the head and thorax. ‘The punctures contain exceedingly
short curved bristles visible only when sought for. Length, .o8-.10 inch.
Described from 4 examples. Easily known from all our species as yet
described, by the absence of erect setee and patches of scales on the elytra,
as well as more globose form. Occurs near Allegheny, Pa., in April,
about beech trees (Fagus ferruginea), under stones where it has _hiber-
nated, but is not often found.

Pachybaris strigapunctus.—Bariform, black, shining, tarsi piceous.
Beak polished, slender, long, arcuate ; that of ¢ punctate at base and
finely irregularly lineate to apex when carefully viewed; that of ?
scarcely longer, punctate and lineate at base to the insertion of the an-
tenne ; first joint of antenne nearly three times longer than second,
which is one-half longer than third, 3 to 7 equal in length but increasing
in thickness, the 7th rather suddenly ; thorax wider than long, convergent
from base forward, suddenly constricted at apex fur the insertion of the
head, base with a long scutellar-lobe on each side of which it is slightly .
sinuate, finely, closely strigate in longitudinal wavy lines, scatteringly
punctured especially near the apex, a fine median line from apex to
scutellum ; elytra a little wider than the thorax, twice longer, widest at
middle, finely striate, strie not obviously punctured, intervals flat,
uniseriately punctured, each puncture containing a white scarcely project-
ing hair or seta ; underside, pro- and meso-thorax and legs rather coarsely
closely punctured, venter more finely, white sete of the punctures more
conspicuous than above ; tibiz roughly striate and punctured. The ¢
has an acute tubercle before the anterior cox, in one example a spine as
in some Centrinus; the anterior coxz are not widely separated, the
prosternal cavity is well marked but not incised. Length, .12 to.15 inch.
Characterized from 3 g and 3 9 examples. Occurs in May and June on
Crategus, but not abundantly.

Balaninus confusor.—F¥orm, colour and vestiture the same as in 2.
nasicus. Rostrum in both sexes thickened and punctured at base, that of

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the female not exceeding three-fourths the length of the body, and the
antennal scape equaling the three basal joints. Hind femur with an
oblique medium-sized tooth ; claws with appendices acute. Length, .24
tu .28 inch. Described from 5 ¢ and 5 9 examples. The foregoing
characters will readily separate this species from any with which it is
likely to be confused:—The oblique femoral tooth and acute claw
appendix, from 4. zasicus which it most resembles; the longer antennal
scape of the 9 and the beak thickened and punctured at base in both
sexes, from 2. uniforms; the acute claw appendices, denser véstiture
and wasicus shape, from odtusus. Abundant in western and scuth-
eastern Pennyslvania, West Virginia, south-eastern Ohio, Massachusetts,
and North Carolina. Blanchard. For further comparative characters, see
CAN. ENT, XX11; 7:

I have obtained this species from the acorns of Quercus ilicifolia, but
it probably depredates on the fruit of other species of oak. An example

was also obtained from one of the large apple-galls of Solidago nemoralis;
these galls are composed of a compact porous mass caused by the larva
of a fly named by Fitch Acnia solidaginis (Rep. 1st). The gall con-
tained three coleopterous larvee after the fly escaped, one of which
developed the next year and turned out to be this species. Oviposition
on this gall can scarcely have been otherwise than a mistake on the part
of the parent.

NOT ES AND QUERIES.
BY REV. W. J. HOLLAND, PH. D., ALLEGHENY, PA.

I have just received a specimen of an Erebus odora, which was cap-
tured Jast Wednesday evening (Sept. 27th) in the lecture-room of the
First United Presbyterian Church, in the city of Allegheny, where its
appearance caused no little consternation among the devout “ mothers in
Israel” who were at praver meeting, and who thought it was a bat, of
which evil things are said by the unsophisticated. It is a male in good
case. This is the third specimen I have received this summer. The
first was taken about four weeks ago in the cellar of my father’s residence
in Bartholomew County, Indiana. The second was taken at Jeannette,
Pa., near a spring-house. All three specimens are fresh in appearance,
as if not long from the chrysalis. Undoubtedly this great moth is more
than an occasional visitor from the tropics, and should be reckoned as
belonging to our fauna, though scarce. Its capture has been recorded
north of the Ohio and Potomac many scores of times, and it has been
taken repeatedly in Canada.

_

re

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. et ial

Papilio Cresphontes, for the first time, has been taken this summer
in the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, and in considerable numbers. One
collector obtained four specimens in one locality. The food-plant is
Zanthoxylum and Ptelea in these parts. In Florida its larva is abundant
upon the orange and lemon trees.

One of the commonest of our Papilios is Philenor. Here its larva is
found upon Aristolochia. In southern Indiana, in Bartholomew county,
I have observed it summer after summer, sometimes in immense num-
bers. It is one of the commonest butterflies there, as here. But, with
the exception of one or two specimens of Aristolochia growing about
verandahs in the village of Hope, I think I may safely say there is nota
plant of Aristolochia within many miles of the fields in which I have
counted the perfect insects by the score. What is the other focd plant
upon which the larva feeds ?_ It runs in my mind that I have read that
the caterpillar has been found upon the smart-weed (Polygonum hydro-
piper), but I cannot recall where I have seen this statement made. I
have never been able to verify it by observation. Perhaps some reader
of the CanapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST may be able to throw light upon the
subject.

The banana merchants in our town have proved themselves possessed
of curious entomological stores. I have received from them a couple of
living tarantulas, and not long ago a living specimen of Caligo Teucer,
which had emerged from a chrysalis hidden in a bunch of bananas. The
insect had been transported by sea and land from either Honduras or
some port in the northern portion of South America, a journey of several
thousand miles. This reminds me that in several consignments of eastern
Lepidoptera I have found our Danais plexippus, Linn. One of the
sendings was from Borneo, the other from Java. We shall soon hear of
its domestication on the mainland of Asia, and it will probably spread all
over China and Japan. ‘The insects taken by the U.S. Eclipse Expedi-
tion of 1889, at the Azores, numbered among them two specimens of
this butterfly. There were only about a dozen specimens of insects
taken at the Azores by the industrious? naturalists of the party, and I
judge that it must be common there. Why we have not yet heard of its
domiciliation on the African continent isa mystery to me. It will no
doubt get there before long.

I have a specimen of Limenitis taken in Warren county, Pa., this
summer, which is most remarkable. It has all the markings of L. ursula,

12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

but both the primaries and secondaries are crossed by very broad, white
bands, as in L. arthemis. It is, however, larger than any specimens of
Arthemis I have ever seen, and exceeds the majority of L. ursula in size.
It has the white spots in the cell of the primaries which appear in some
female specimens of L. Weidemeyeri. It is altogether a queer beast
combining the characteristics of three of cur species. No doubt they
all sprang from a common ancestry, and this specimen reveals the force
of atavism.
EXOCHILUM MUNDUM, SAY, ATTACKING THE FALL
WEB-WORM.
BY A, H. KIRKLAND, ASSISTANT IN THE AMHERST, MASS., INSECTARY.

One hot afternoon in the early part of August, 1893, while out collect-
ing, | found a large web of the Fall Web-Worm ( //yphantria cunea, Drury),
on a young apple tree. Reaching up to cut off the twigs to which the
web was attached, my attention was attracted by an unusual disturbance
among the inmates of the web. Closer inspection revealed the fact that
a medium-sized Ichneumon fly had intruded within the family circle, and
was proving herself a most unwelcome visitor. Tearing into the web with
her feet she would force her way along until she arrived under the
skeletonized leaves upon which the larvz were resting and through which

. = . bes ’ ‘
they were plainly visible. When her presence was noticed by the larve
lying on a large leaf nearest the intruder, they raised their heads and
swung them rapidly from side to side, and at the same time each one

emitted a drop of greenish fluid from its mouth. Meanwhile the Ichneu-
monid had crept up under the leaf, and bending the posterior segments of
her abdomen until the partly exserted ovipositor extended forward between
the feet and beyond the head, she poised herself for a moment as if to
take aim, then with lightning rapidity she darted her abdomen and ovi-
positor still farther forward and struck through the leaf into the body of a
larva, which at once commenced to writhe and twist as if in great pain. I
watched this operation continue for about half an hour and did not observe
the Ichneumonid sting any larva more than three or four times, usually
but once.

Upon attempting its capture it broke out of the web and flew off.
Soon, however, it returned, and after circling about for a short time as if
to select a favorable place for renewing cperations, it alighted and again
forced an entrance into the web. This time my efforts were successful,
and my capture, as kindly determined by Prof. Fernald, proved to be
Exochilum mundum, Say. ‘The larve that had been stung were brought
to the Insectary for the purpose of obtaining more specimens of this
interesting _Ichneumonid.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 313

NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA—IV.

BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Most modern European writers follow Tulleburg in placing all the
Collembola in the family Poduride, and including the Poduride, Lipurt-
de and Anouride of Lubbock in the subfamily Zépurine. It would
seem more natural to restrict the name Podurvide to those genera bearing
the saltatory apparatus on the antepenultimate abdominal segment, in-
stead of the penultimate, and then to include those genera in which the
saltatorial apparatus is wanting under the name Aphoruride.”*

APHORURID#, nom. nov.

Body naked, generally small ; antennz four-jointed ; ocelli present or
absent ; postantennal organ usually present ; tarsi with one or two claws ;
furcula wanting.

The genera belonging to this family can be readily separated by
means of the following table :—

A. Mouth parts not produced cone-like beneath the head.

B.. Narsi with two distinct clawSi.....5.:ce.ss .-ssernes locorcan ADLOTUTEL
BB. Tarsi with a single stout claw.
C. Postantennal organ wanting, ......0c...secseee sees oee DOUrlELIA.
CC. Postantennal organ present.

D. Anal spines present; postantennal organ trans-

VEUS Cte eet coat aa seoesaga tej tacecknlcc eersey aces ase LOE roeas
DD. Anal spines wanting; postantennal organ circu-
Faleaeeee Serer oc coeenae Sate) ARES a rene Sameertaa Anurida.

AA. Mouth parts produced cone-like beneath the head.
B. Ocelli present, three on each side of the head...... Neanura.
ery wOcelli, ‘Wantttige.sdeersy sce cccvcrceoeees Secon Mcrae snes Aphoromma.

Aphorura,t gen. nov.—Ocelli wanting ; antennz four-jointed ; post-
antennal organ present; ocellate punctures at base of the antenne
present ; lower claw of tarsi distinct. Type, Podura ambulans, Linn.

Proposed for Lipura, Burm., which is preoccupied in Mammology.

Bourletia, gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ;
antenne four-jointed; ocellate punctures, postantennal organ, anal
spines. and lower tarsal claw wanting. Ty pe, Anur ophoru us lari ‘cls, ING:

*Lipura and Anura are both preoccupied in zoology.
ta, priv. ; opos, ferens ; ovpa, cauda,

314 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

Tullberg uses Anurophorus, Nic., for this species, but both Anuro-
phorus and Adicranus, Bourl., have Podura fimetaria, Linn., as type,
which belongs to Zépura, Burm. ‘The genus is named for the Abbe
Bourlet, a well-known writer on Thysanura.

Tullbergia, Lubbock.—Ocelli wanting ; antenne four-jointed ; post-
antennal organ present ; lower claw of tarsi wanting; anal spines large,
stout ; body elongate. Type, Zul/bergia antarctica, Lub.

Anurida, Laboulb.—Ocelli ten, five on each side of the head ; anten-
ne four-jointed ; postantennal organ present; ocellate punctures, lower
claw of tarsi, and anal spines wanting. Type, Achorutes maritimus, Guer.

Anurida maritima, Guer.—Body plumbeous, sparsely covered with
long hairs; head triangular, produced between the antenne, broadly
truncate in front, broadly emarginate behind; antennz shorter than the
head, basal segment large, globular, one-half broader than the other seg-
ments, second segment a little longer than the first, the third and fourth
closely joined, as long as the first and second together ; eyes five, two in
front and three behind ; postantennal organ with seven prominences, ar-
ranged in the form of a circle; legs short and stout, covered with long
stiff bristles ; claws long, blunt, one-half the length of the tibia. Length,
3 mm. :

Habitat : Eastern coast of the United States, Europe.

Neanura, gen. nov.—Ocelli six, three on each side of the head; an-
tenne four-jointed ; postantennal organ present or wanting ; ocellate
punctures, anal spines, and lower claw of tarsi wanting ; mouth parts
produced cone-like beneath the head. Type, Achorutes muscorum, Temp.

Proposed for Anoura, Gerv., which is preoccupied in Mammology.

Aphoromma,{ gen. nov.—Ocelli wanting ; antennze four-jointed ;
postantennal organ present ; ocellate punctures, anal spines, and lower
claw of tarsi wanting ; mouth parts produced cone-like beneath the head.
Type, Anoura granaria, Nic.

e

PODURID&.

Body cylindrical, naked, usually small ; antennze four or five-jointed ;
eyes present, with ten to thirty ocelli ; postantennal organs usually want-
ing ; tarsi with one or two claws ; furcula present, attached to the fourth

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25)

The genera belonging to this family, as restricted above, can be
separated as follows :—
A. Mouth parts not produced cone-like in front of the head.
B. Antenne four-jointed.
C. Tarsi with two claws.
D. Abdomen without anal spines.............20<+ ..» Achorutes.
DD. Abdomen with anal spines.
E. Abdomen with two anal spines...............Schoturus.
EE. Abdomen with four anal spines... Zetracanthella.
CC. Tarsi with a single claw.
D. Ocelli twenty-eight or thirty, fourteen or fifteen on each side of
the: heads: anal spies, Wanting: «<tee<sececn.crcees Podurhippus.
DD. Ocelli less than twenty-eight.
E. Anal spines wanting.
F. Furcula long, reaching beyond the apex of the abdo-
WET GALCH ALC a a eee ewe oe SS s we ales Caen Podura.
FF. Furcula short, never extending beyond the apex of the

abdomen, not arcuate.
G. Legs long, distinctly visible from

ADO Gitemese= taenpaclentcectenls cane & SOMMECHOR ULES.
GG. Legs extremely short, not visible from

aDOMem tar. sect edonan se toes waltemaieat es Brachystus.
EE. Anal spines present.
BR. Wath twosanal’spines: 235.225. a0ss do same cM CHEV LEE.
FF. With more than two anal spines.
G. With three anal spines../...... S idcigo ceed L #ROMGe
GG.)> With four analispines! ys22 3262.4 Oudemansia.
Bb." “Antennze -five-jointed’.|..1.:-barmetecetses scenes. bevas tae Lubbockia,

AA. Mouth parts produced cone-like in front of the head. Guathocephalus.

Achorutes, Temp.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ;
postantennal organ wanting; antenne short, four-jointed; body cylin-
drical, segments sub-equal ; tarsi with two claws ; anal spines wanting.
Type, Achorutes dubius, Temp.

Achorutes longispinus, sp. nov.—Body cylindrical, purplish-black,
hairy ; head large, rounded in front, truncate behind, prolonged between
the antenne, acutely triangular; eyes on a small black patch almost
directly behind the antennz in the middle of each lateral half of the head ;
antenne about as long as the head, basal joint globular, minute, incon-

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

spicuous, set in an excavation beneath the frontal projection, second and
third joints subequal, globular, fourth joint elongate, as long or longer
than the three basal joints, cylindrical, pointed, the inner side at apex
appearing truncated ; legs stout ; claws large, inner claw more than half
the length of outer, outer with a denticle at base; furcula elongate,
reaching the hind pair of legs; manubrium large, reaching beyond the
apex of the abdomen, sides straight, sub-parallel ; dentes elongate, as
long as the manubrium, broadest at middle, underside with two or three
rows of stiff spines ; mucrones short, not longer than broad, with an
apical and a preapical tooth. Length, 1-1.25 mm.

Habitat: Alameda, near Las Cruces, New Mexico.

Received from Mr. Theo, D. A. Cockerell, who had received them

from Mr. E. VanPatten, ‘‘who found them in immense numbers at
Alameda.”

Schoturus,|| gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on eaeh side of the head ;
postantennal organ wanting ; antenne short, four jointed ; body cylin-
drical, segments sub-equal ; tarsi with two claws; anal spines present,
two. Type, Fodura nivicola, Fitch.

This genus is proposed for those species at present placed in the
genus Achorutes and which have anal spines. ’

Tetracanthella, Schott.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the
head; postantennal organ present ; antenne four-jointed ; tarsi with two
claws ; anal spines present, four, arranged in two rows; furcula short.
Type, Zetracanthella pilosa, Schott.

Entom., Tidsk., XII., 1891, 191 ; fig.

Podurhippus, Megnin.—Ocelli twenty-eight or thirty, fourteen or
fifteen on each side of the head ; antennz four-jointed ; tarsi with a single
claw ; furcula short, slender; ventral tube tuberculate, bilobed. Type,
Podurhippus pityriasious, Megnin.

Bull. Soc. Ent. Fr, (5), VIIL, 1878, p. cxxxy. ; Les Parasites, 1380,
Pe rod sige A2.

Podura Linn.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ; post-
antennal organ wanting ; antenne four-jointed ; tarsi with a single claw ;
furcula long, slender, arcuate; anal spines wanting. Type, Podura
aguatica, Linn.

Podura granulata, sp. nov.— Body, legs and antennz bluish-black ;

a +

£ \|7xo70s, obscurus ; ovpa, cauda.
& 2

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Balti

antennz long and slender, longer than the head; head with a quad-
rangular tubercle between the eyes ; thorax slender, much narrower than
the head ; legs short and stout ; claws long and slender, as long as the
tibia and tarsus together ; tenant hair present ; furcula long and slender,
reaching the first pair of legs, densely covered with closely placed, blunt,
spiny tubercles, the tubercles arranged in transverse rows around the
spring, giving the spring a striated appearance with a low objective ;
manubrium short and stout, apex produced between the dentes broadly
triangular ; dentes long, slender, a few scattered hairs, and indications of a
transverse suture at middle; mucrones short, pointed, with a triangular
tooth at base. Length, 1.25 mm.

Habitat : Tennessee.

Collected in great numbers by Prof. H. E. Summers from the surface
of thin, slimy mud.

Pseudachorutes, Tullb.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the
head ; postantennal organ wanting ; antenne conical, four-jointed ; tarsi
with a single claw ; furcula short, reaching the apex of the abdomen ;
anal spines wanting. Type, Pseudachorutes subcrassus, Tuilb.

Brachysius,§ nov. gen.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the
head ; postantennal organ wanting ; antennz short, not longer than the
head is broad, four-jointed ; tarsi with a single claw ; furcula short, not
reaching the apex of the abdomen nor the ventral tube; anal spines
wanting ; legs short and stout, not reaching the side of the body. Type,
Brachysius dilatatus, sp. nov.

Brachysius dilatatus, sp. nov.—Bluish mottled with gray; antenne
short, not much longer than the head, first joint very small, second and
third subequal, fourth almost as long as second and third together ; body
long and slender, broader towards the caudal end ; legs short and slender,
not extending beyond the side of the body; furcula short and slender ;
anal papillae small, not divided, covered with stiff bristles. Length, 2 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, N. Y.

This species has the habitus of those of the genus Veanura, but can
be readily distinguished by the number of ocelli and by the presence of
the furcula.

Xenylla, Tullb.—Ocelli ten, five on each side of the head ; postanten-
nai organ wanting ; antennez four-jointed ; body cylindrical ; tarsi with a
single claw; anal spines present, two. Type, Xeny//a maritima, Tullb.

§Bpaxvs, brevis ; toads, jaculum,

Ww
—
CO

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Triena, Tullb.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ;
postantennal organ wanting ; antennee four-jointed, conical; tarsi with a
single claw; furcula extremely small, papilliform; anal spines present,
three. Type, Zrvena mirabilis, Tullb.

Oudemansia, Schott.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the head ;
postantennal organ wanting ; antenne short, four-jointed ; body cylindri-
cal, segments subequal ; tarsi with two claws; anal spines present, four,
arranged in a circle around the apex of the abdomen; furcula not attain-
ing the ventral tube. Type, Oudemansia cerulea, Schott.

Entom. Tids., XIV., 1893, 174; pl., II., 1-7.

Lubbockia, Haller.—Antenne five-jointed, longer than the body ; all
the tarsi with tenant hairs, small on the front and middle pairs ; anal
spines present, two ; furcula small; body cylindrical, segments subequal.
Type, Lubbockia cerulea, Haller.

Mittheil. Schweiz. Entom. Ges., VI., 1880, 4.

Gnathocephalus,* gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the
head ; postantennal organ wanting ; antennee short, conical, four-jointed ;
body cylindrical; tarsi with a single claw ; anal spines wanting : furcula
short, not attaining the ventral tube ; mouth-parts folded together in the
form of a tube and projecting in front of the head. Gzathocephalus com-
plexus, Sp. NOV. .

Gnathocephalus complexus, sp. 20v.—Body robust, broadest behind,
bluish-black, a row of paler spots down each side, and a few scattered
hairs on the caudal end; head small, triangular, strongly produced
between the antenne, broadly truncate in front; eye spot small, on a
raised tubercle ; antennz slightly longer than the head, basal segment a
little longer than broad, broadest at middle, second segment as broad as
the first and slightly shorter ; third and fourth segments sub-equal, longer
than the first and second, and much narrower, the suture between them
not distinctly indicated ; legs long and slender, with lighter markings and
scattered regularly placed bristles; tenant hairs wanting; claws stout ;
furcula short, stout ; manubrium half as broad as the abdomen, nearly as
broad as long, slightly incised between the dentes; dentes two-thirds the
iength of the manubrium, cylindrical, narrowed at apex; mucrones one-
half the length of the dentes, slightly arcuate, without teeth. Length,
3-4 mm.

Habitat: Olympia, Washington. (Trevor Kincaid, collector.)

*Tvados, maxilla; KefauAdds, caput.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319

ON THE EUDRIINA.
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY.

In an original memcir on the Zygaenide, published by the Essex
Institute, Dr. Packard explained the relation of Castnéa and allied genera
to the European genus Zygaena, and contended for the solidarity of the
group as the equivalent of the large family of Bombycide in the Latreil-
lean sense. The view, advocated by Agassiz, that form was a family
criterion, not only form in general, but form of parts underlying
form in general, obtained. Of a truth Dr. Packard’s “ family,”
Zygaenide, contained genera more or less evidently related in one or
other of their stages, and the agreement which Dr. Packard found in the
form of the clypeus authorized their being brought together in a family
group. ‘This view has been followed by me in my papers and lists, and
any adverse criticism of my particular course with regard to these insects
is consequently ill-founded ; while the inherent want of precision which
our classifications must present allows of a shifting opinion, within limits,
as this or that character appears in turn to be the decisive one, and
renders such criticism unnecessary. The tendency of classificators
latterly has turned in the direction of a breaking up of these ‘“ families”
into smaller groups still called ‘‘ families,” but based rather upon ultimate
peculiarity than “‘form.” Under the vague term ‘ Bombyces,” the
various new families of the Spinner moths are still kept together, in
recognition of a less tangible relationship which nevertheless is still held
to exist; while the view, that the present representation of these families
is the modified survival of the roots of the lepidopterous tree, is being
seriously considered by students of phylogeny. Classificators of the
lepidoptera who seize only upon ultimate peculiarities of a common and
essential part of the perfect insect, will, in the nature of things, eventually
come to grief. Such modifications we may use to separate species, and,
when so evident as to be of practical service, in the more artificial region
of generic division ; but, as we ascend higher, they diminish in import-
ance and are superseded by characters of development, persistent or
evanescent, offered in different stages of growth of the species. By these
characters indications as to the truer affinities of the insect are given.
The time is perhaps going by when lepidoptera are to be solely classified
by final peculiarities of the legs, wings or tails of the perfect insect.
Still, there will always be those whose observations in these directions
wil] seem to themselves of prime importance, while, in the end, the value

520 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of their observations will be differently expressed in our classifications.
The family “ Zygaenide” has shared the fate of disintegration with the
family ‘‘ Bombycide.” Dr. Packard now recognizes three family groups :
Agaristide, Castniide and Zygaenide. The sub-family Ludriine, as I
would consider it, the subject of the present notice, belongs, with the
sub-family AZypiine, to the Agaristide. ‘The present sub-family seems to
be exclusively American ; at least I have met in literature with but one
extra limital form, the African genus Ovzos, which may possibly belong
here. The general form of the perfect insect recalls that of the /Voctuzde,
so that Hubner considers it one, while Boisduval proposes the genus
Eudryas for the typical generic group and apparently recognizes its struc-
tural affinities to Castnia. The larva, as we now know, is closely allied
to that of A/ypia. The genera of the Eudriine may be briefly distin-
guished as follows :—
1. Structure of the male wings normal, Zs
Structure of the male wings abnormal. uscirrhopterus, Grt.

2. Male antennz simple, 3.
Male antennie pectinate. Crys, Grt:
3. Front smooth. Ludryas, Boisd.
Front horned. Copidryas, Grt. ;

With regard to the geographical distribution Zwdryas occurs in North
America (east and west coast), and in South America (Paraguay),
Copidryas in North America (New Mexico, Texas) and in South America.*
(? Buenos Ayres). Luscirrhopterus is Cuban and Cris is from Texas.
With regard to the species, it is not entirely impossible that Walker’s type
of Eudryas Ste. Johannis represents a Florida species else unknown. It:
is pronounced by Prof. Smith to be an aberration of 2. grata, and its
divergence from the type to have been probably produced by the “ vicis-
situdes of the voyage.” ‘The former statement may not improbably be
the true solution of the matter, since so prominent an insect should have
been turned up by collectors in Florida ere this, one might think. But the
cause assigned for such an aberration I am unable to follow, or even to
understand. What is meant by “ vicissitudes of the voyage?” The
pupa (?) could not have suffered shipwreck or been washed ashore !
What records are there in literature of extraordinary variations being pro-
duced through ordinary transportation by sea? The chances against the

See Papilio 3,106. Berg’s Platevszs, as I understand his remark as to the front,
probably belongs to Cofzdryas,

|
|

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. o2k

unprotected survival during the voyage, that this pupa should produce an
unique variety, the capture of the perfect moth on a Church step in Eng-
land, its delivery at the British Museum, taken altogther seem enormous.
The fact that the hind-wings are unbanded is paralleled in the case of a
new species from South America, which I describe here. According to
Mr. Tutt’s kind communication: There is a place in Southwark, one of
the London districts close by London Bridge, called ‘‘Horselydown,” and
there is a church there called St. John’s. As this is very near the river
an imported insect might be found there if we suppose it to escape from the
shipping on the Thames. But there is also a place called “ Horsley” in
Surrey, and there are some well-known ‘* Downs” there which have been
entomologically worked over from a long period. But there is no St.
John’s Church there, and under the theory that Walker named the insect
from the Church in England, and not, as I had imagined possible, from the
St. John’s River, Florida, where Doubleday collected, the Surrey locality
must be abandoned. We are, therefore, driven to the conclusion that if
the label is genuine, the specimen was really captured at “ Horselydown,”
and that “Horsley Downs” is a mistake for the former on the label. Ifa
normal specimen of Zudryas grata had been stated to have been caught
in England, while still extraordinary, there would have been nothing so
very improbable in the fact, since, according to Wood and other English
authors, Drasteria, Eustrotia and other American moths have been so
taken (?); I myself took a specimen of a South American species of
Noctuidz on the Battery in New York. But that this particular specimen
should belong also to a very remarkable variety, never observed in America,
increases the chances against the story (which may nevertheless be
a true one) enormously. udryas, we may concede, might stand the
voyage as a pupa and also escape as a moth in London, but how a Sve.
Johannis could have been turned out of a grata caterpillar or pupa owing
to the “vicissitudes of the voyage” I do not comprehend. The type
which I saw in 1868 differed not only from grata in its unbanded
secondaries, but also by its differently coloured and perhaps marked
primaries. While I recognized it as allied to grata, I could not help sup-
posing it a distinct species, since I had never known grata to vary in
that manner. In fact, that it might be a variety did not, I think, occur to
me. I did not visit the Museum for the express purpose of studying Sve.
Johannis. 1 took it in rapidly and saw that it was an Ludryas and
differed from both our common species, gvata and uzo, and simply re-

LS
bo
bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

corded the fact that it impressed me as a distinct and even larger species.
It may be that we are already in possession of the final solution of this
little entomological mystery, and that Ste. Johannis is really an extraordi-
nary variation of grata, captured on the Church door of St. John’s, in
Horselydown, London, England. But it will nevertheless remain an
interesting subject until we find specimens in America of the aberration,
which ought to occur there also, or until we send grata pupa across the
Atlantic and observe the effects of the ‘ vicissitudes of the voyage.” If
any of these latter evolve as Ste. Johannis, the mystery would be solved,
and an important phase in the general subject of variation opened up.
But I cannot think it. The aberration, if one, must have a cause inde-
pendent of the mere voyage. Moisture, temperature, might possibly
darken the primaries, but how are we to account for the secondaries,
which so far from being “suffused,” have no band at all, the usual ground
colour obtaining over the whole surface ? Here is a specimen which on
the fore-wings is to show the effects of melanism, and on the hind-wings
of albinism. The type of Ste. Johannis is, under the circumstances, one
of the most extraordinary specimens, | think, in the British Museum col-
lection, whatever view we take of the matter, and the question before the
American collector now is the range of variability in 2. grata, and whether
this shows any steps in the direction of a darkening of the fore-wings and’
obliteration of the marginal band on secondaries. Thus, quite inde-
pendent of mere controversy as to the origin of the type, the subject is
eminently one for scientific.enquiry and experiment.

Eudryas Cypris, n. s.

The hind-wings with the fringes are pale vermillion-red above and
below, immaculate, without band or markings. Fore-wings beneath of
the same red, immaculate. Above the fore-wings have the main central
portion creamy, not pure white as in allies, shading inferiorly to ochrey -
olivaceous, and there is an olivaceous shade patch over the median ner-
vules edged outwardly narrowly with whitish and deepening in colour in-
feriorly. A brownish terminal band, best marked superiorly on costa,
and showing a lilac reflection. From opposite the cell to anal angle this
band is indented by the pale red terminal edge of the wing. The some-
what olivaceous iringes show a darker median line. The costal edge
towards apices is faintly red. The costal and internal shading recalls
grata, but there is less trace of the reniform than in the N. American
form ; in cypris the traces of the reniform (perhaps variable) are fragment-

pS)
bo
[SS)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ary, asin wazo. Abdomen red on the sides; venter pale. Antenne
simple. Front not tuberculate. One female from Assumption (So.
America, coll. Consul Mangels) in Mus. Bremen.

This species is perhaps a little smaller than grafa, very different from
both N. American species by the darker creamy shade, not white, of the
median field of primaries, by the red tolour of hind-wings and under-
surface, by the red abdomen and unbanded secondaries. It is, in shape
of primaries and in their style of ornamentation, nearer grata than uzo.
The discovery of a South American representative of grata, with un-
banded secondaries, is interesting. The latter character is only found in
E. Stae. Johannis, where the yellow hind-wings are without band.
Although on this account alone the specific value of the latter may not
be adequately defended, yet the probabilities in favour of this view may be
considered to become somewhat heightened in view of the discovery of
the South American species. The terminal bands of the hind-wings in
grata and unio are decidedly characteristic, and one is unprepared for
their absence in Stae. Johannis, unwilling to consider so marked a modif-
cation merely varietal.

The following is a list of the Eudrizine :—**

ELudryas, Boisd. Copidryas, Grt.
r. unio, AW7bn. 5. Gloveri, G. & &.
var. brevipennis, Stretch. 6. platensis, erg.

2. grata, Fadbr.
assimilis, Boisd.

ab? Stree. Johannis, Wa/k. Euscirrhopterus, Grt.
3. Cypris, Grt. 7. Poeyi, Gre.
Ciris, Gre: disparilis, H.-S. ;

4. Wilsoni, G77.

The North American Agarvistide apparently fall into two sub-families,
the Eudriine, above catalogued, and the A4/ypiine, containing AZyPpia,
Androloma, Pseudalypia, Edwardsia, and Psychomorpha. The Castnii-
d@@ are apparently not represented in the North American fauna. ‘The
Zygenide are now restricted by Dr. Packard so as to include Horama,
Burtia and allies, with Ctenucha and Scepsis in one sub-family group,
while Procris, Harrisina and their allies fall into the typical sub-family,
being more intimately related with the Kuropean Zygena,a genus not
represented with us. From this it will appear that a belief in the stability
of the rearrangement of the Zygenide in the Philadelphia List will
probably prove illusory. The genus Qe?¢a, Grt., should be removed to
the Zineide, as indicated by Zeller.

ES eR ICO NE IES NIG EE ON ee Se

**For a list of our species consultalso Papilio I., 177. I have never seen a Californian
specimen, and am quite doubtful as to drevdfennds being a variety of «zo. Stretch’s
figure and description were made from an imperfect example. The Cuban &, Poey? was
subsequently described by Herrick-Schaeffer as Heterandra disparilis ; on comparison
of the dates of issue of the two publications, which appeared nearly at the same time,
the Philadelphia paper has priority.

324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LIST OF COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT SPARROW LAKE, ONT. 7
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M. D., ALLEGHENY, PA.

[In our last number, pages 272-5, the lists of Coleoptera were unfortu-
nately disarranged in making up the forms. We accordingly reprint them

in their proper order.—-Ep. C. E.]
Cicindela repanda, De/. | Platynus melanarius, Dey.
var. 12-guttata, Dez. corvus, Lee. |
Cychrus Lecontei, De. placidus, Say.
Carabus sylvosus, Say. Bogemanni. Gy//.
Calosoma scrutator, /@é. ruficornis, Lec.
Wilcoxi, Lee. Galerita janus, Fad.
calidum, Fad. Lebia viridis, Say.
Elaphrus ruscarius, Say. Metabletus americanus, De/.
Loricera cerulescens, Zinn. Cymindis pilosa, Say.
Nebria pallipes, Say. Brachynus cyanipennis, Say.
Scarites subterraneus, /wdé. Chlenius sericeus, /ors?.
Dyschirius nigripes, Zee. vennsylvanicus, Say.
Bembidium patruele, De/. Anomoglossus emarginatus, Say.
versicolor, Lec. Brachylobus lithophilus, Say.
Sp. undetermined. . Agonoderus pallipes, /aé.
Tachys nanus, Gy//. Harpalus erraticus, Say.
flavicauda, Say. viridizneus, Beauv.
Patrobus longicornis, Say. | Sp. undetermined.
Pterostichus honestus, Say. pennsylvanicus, De G.
coracinus, Vews. fallax er
stygicus, Say. pleuriticus, Avrby.
lucublandus, Say. viduus, Lec.
caudicalis, Say. Stenolophus plebeius, De/.
luctuosus, De. conjunctus, Say.
corvinus, De/. Anisodactylus Harrisi, Zec.
erythropus, De7. interstitialis, Say.
Amara exarata, De. Llybius biguttatus, Germ.
pallipes, Avrdy. Hydaticus stagnalis, Fad.
rubrica, Hadd. Dytiscus fasciventris, Say.
Calathus gregarius, Say. Gyrinus canadensis, Reg. ?
Platynus sinuatus, De/. analis, Say.
extensicollis, Say. _ Berosus striatus, Say.

atratus, Lec, | Philydrus perplexus, Lec,

THE CANADIAN

ENTOMOLOGIST. 325

Hydrobius fuscipes, Zin.
Creniphilus sub-cupreus, Say.
Cercyon pygmeum, ///.

Necrophorus vespilloides, /7és7.

Silpha Americana, Linz.
Liodes discolor, AZe/s.
Homalota trimaculata, 7”.
Bolitochara picta, Hauv.
Aleochara bimaculata, Grav.
graciliformis, /auv.
Gyropheena vinula, +.
Quedius fulgidus, Awd.
leevigatus, Gyd/.
Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav.
Creophilus maxillosus, Zz772.
- Staphylinus violaceus, Grav.
Philonthus pclitus, Zzz7.
longicornis, Step/.
micans, Grav.
cyanipennis, Fad.
sordidus, Grav.
Sp. undetermined.
Xantholinus obsidianus, J7Ze/s.
emmesus, Grav.
obscurus, £7.

N.S. (found here).

Baptolinus longiceps, Hauv.
Stenus—3 sp.
Lathrobium punctulatum, Zec.
bicolor, Lec.
Stilicus, sp.
Pederus littorarius, Grav.
Sunius longiusculus, JZanzn.
Tachinus repandus, Yorn.
fimbriatus, Grav.
Erchomus ventriculus, Say.
Conosoma pubescens, Pays.
Boletobius cincticollis, Say.

|
|

Olisthzerus substriatus, Gy//.
Oxyporus femoralis, Grav.
rufipennis, Lec.

| Oxytelus sculptus, Grav.

pennsylvanicus, £7.
insignitus, Grav.
Trogophlceus 4-punctatus, Say.

| Scaphisoma convexum, Say.
| Hippodamia 13-punctata, Lenz.

Coccinella trifasciata, Zzzn.
Chilocorus bivulnerus, 4/z/s.
Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say.
Hyperaspis signata, O/7v.
Scymnus lacustris, Zec.
Endomychus biguttatus, Say.
Tritoma thoracica, Say.
Silvanus bidentatus, Fad.
Lzmophleus fasciatus, J7ed/s.
Hister depurator, Say.

sedecimstriatus, Say.

carolinus, Pay.

Lecontei, Jars.
Epurea Erichsonii, /e/¢.

Sp.

| Ips fasciatus, Odzv.

Stephostethus liratus, Lec.

| Corticaria pusilla, JZann.

pumila, Lec.
Tenebrioides corticalis, JZé/s.
Cyphon obscurus, Guer.
Deltometopus amcenicornis, Say.
Dromaeolus Harringtoni, //orn.
Alaus myops, /adé.
Agriotes fucosus, Lec.

Sp.

Melanotus castanipes, Pays.

fissilis, Say.
Corymbites medianus. Germ.

326 THE CANADIAN
Cormybites propola, Lec.
Dicerca tuberculata, Chez.

Sp.
Buprestis rusticorum, Avrby.

fasciata, Jab.

Agrilus ruficollis, ad.
Calopteron terminale, Say.
Calochromus perfaceta, Say.
Ellychnia corusca, L277.
Telephorus lineola, Fad.

undetermined.

scitulus, Say.
Collops tricolor, Say.
Trichodes Nuttalli, Av7dy.
Hydnocera pallipennis, Say.
longicollis, Zeg.
Cis fuscipes, JZeZ/re.
Canthon levis, Drury.
Onthophagus Hecate, Pans.
Dialytes striatulus, Say.
Ulkei, Horn.
Aphodius fossor, Lez.
fimetarius, Z777.

. ruricola, AZe/s.
leopardus, /forvn.
lentus, Zor.

Geotrupes splendidus, /wé.
Anomala lucicola, /@é.
Ligyrus relictus, Say.
Euphoria fulgida, /a@é.
Osmoderma scabra, Beauv.
Trichius affinis, Gory.
Valgus canaliculatus, /a@dé.
Hylotrupes bajulus, Zznz.
ligneus, Fad.
Calloides nobilis, Say.
Arhopalus fulminans, /aé.
Xylotrechus sagittatus, Germ.
Clytanthus ruricola, O/7z,

|

ENTOMOLOGIST,

Euderces picipes, Fad.
Desmocerus palliatus, /ors?.
Centrodera decolorata, //arr.
Gaurotes cyanipennis, Say.
Typocerus sparsus, Lee.
velutinus, O/iv.
Leptura nitens, Fors?.
canadensis, O/7v.
vagans (var. brevis, Azrby )
Monohammus confusor, Avrdy.
Urographis fasciatus, De G.
Saperda vestita, Szy.
3-dentata, Oliv.
Amphionycha flammata, Vez.
Donacia palmata, O/7v.
piscatrix, Zac.
proxima, A7zrdby.
2 sp. not determined.
Pachybrachys femoratus, O//v.
hepaticus, J7e/s.
Monachus saponatus, /ad.
Diachus auratus, /wé.
Adoxus obscurus (var. vitis, Fad.)
Xanthonia 10-notata, Say.
Typophorus canellus (var. aterri-
mus. )

Chrysochus auratus, /ad.
Rhabdopterus picipes, O/v.
Doryphora to lineata, Say.
Chrysomela bigsbyana, Av7dy.
Galerucella nympheex, Zznzn.
Diabrotica 12-punctata, Fad.
oe vittata, Fad.
Phyllobrotica decorata, Say.
Cerotoma 3-furcata, Forst.
Dysonycha pennsylvanica, ///ig.
Haltica ignita, ///zg.
Crepidodera helxines, Zznn,

.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. a2

Epitrix cucumeris, Harris. me Anaspis rufa, Say.
Systena hudsonias, /or's¢. | Mordella meleena, Germ.
marginalis, ///zg. | marginata, JZe/s.
Nyctobates pennsylvanica, De G. | | Xylophilus tuberculifer, (2x/ra.)
Xylopinus saperdioides, O/v. | Epicauta pennsylvanica, De G.
Tenebrio molitor, Zin. Attelabus bipustulatus, 4ad.
Blapstinus interruptus, Say. | Ithycerus noveboracensis, /orst.
Uloma impressa, JZe/s. | Lissorhoptrus simplex, Say.
Diaperis hydni, ad. Magdalis armicollis, Say.
Boletotherus bifurcus, /a@é. Orchestes niger, orn.
Cistela sericea, Say. Gymnetron tetrum, Fad.
Penthe pimelia, /ad. Balaninus uniformis, Zec.
Eustrophus confinis, Lec. Eupsalis minuta, Drury.
Canifa pallipes, JZe/s. Dryoceetes, n. sp.
Stenotrachelus arctatus, Say.

CORRESPONDENCE.
NOTES ON HEPIALUS.

In Can. Enrt., Vol. XXV., p. 124, Mr. Neumoegen and myself referred
Hlepialus quadriguttatus as a synonym of AZ argenteomaculatus, and
described the salmon-colored form as a new variety. To this Mr. Grote
objected (Can. Ent., XXV., 186) and also Dr. Strecker, Proc. Acad.
Sci. Phila., p. 282). In view of these opinions, it seems probable that we
were wrong, and I correct the synonymy below. In the same paper, Dr.
Strecker describes as new Hepialus fos. I cannot see in his description
anything but a form of argenteomacudatus, wanting one of the basal silver
spots and possessing some additional spots subapically, such as we often
see in guadriguttatus. J have had in my collection for some years a
specimen more extreme than this seems to be, for it has none of the silver
spots, being otherwise normally marked. I would propose for it the
name ferdita.

Our species of Hepialus of large size, with the apices of primaries
rectangular, may be arranged as follows, and the generic term Stenopis,
Pack, may be retained for them :—

S. ARGENTEOMACULATUS, Harris.

argentatus, Packard.

alni, Kellicott.

var. purpurascens, Packard.

328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

var. los, Strecker.

var. perdita, Dyar.

var. quadriguttatus, Grote.

semiauratus, Neumoegen and Dyar.
S. THULE, Strecker.

S. AURATUS, Grote.

Dr. Strecker objects to the reference of guadriguttatus as a variery of
argenteomacidatus, and would consider it a distinct species; but I am
unable to find a good specific character. I should hesitate to rely on
the colour alone in this genus, and have preferred to follow Prof. Smith’s
cc ist.” Harrison G. Dyar.

ALEXICLES ASPERSA, Grote.

As pointed out by Prof. Smith, the original description of Alexicles is
entirely inadequate. In fact, no characters are given which will deter-
mine its family position, the author going as far as to partially retract his
own opinion as to its location. I have before me the type, very kindly
forwarded to me for examination by Mr. W. A. Snow. It is a true Arc-
tian apparently most nearly allied to Leptarctia. Head moderately
prominent, tongue imperceptible ; median spurs of hind tibia wanting ;
anterior tibia armed at tip with a stout, slightly curved spine or claw.
@ frenulum a long spine, hooked into a loop on subcostal vein of prim-
aries. Venation arctiiform ; one internal vein on primaries, two on
secondaries ; median veins four-branched, normal; cells closed ; vein

8 of secondaries from the subcostal more than one-third the length of
cell from base. On primaries no accessory cell; veins 7-10 stalked; 8
and 9g forming a short furcation near apex of wing ; 7 nearer the furcation
and to rather near the cell, leaving a long stalk between their origins ;
vein 11 from the subcostal near end of cell; vein 12 from the base half
way between the subcostal vein and costa,

Fore-wings narrow, costa straight, apex rounded ; hind-wings oval.

It is scarcely necessary to add anything to Mr. Grote’s description of
the species. Though short, it is excellent, as are nearly all of Mr. Grote’s
specific descriptions. Mr. Grote gives the expanse as 32 mm.; but in

the type, mounted as usual, the wings reach 36 mm.
Harrison G. Dyar,

DR. HAGEN.

We deeply regret the loss of our old friend, Dr. Hermann August
Hagen, Professor of Entomology in Harvard University, who died, after
a long illness, at Cambridge, Mass., on the gth of November, in the
seventy-seventh year of his age.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV.

Aaron, E. M , article by, 258.

Acalles Curtis, n sp., 308.

Acalyptrate Muscidee, larval food habits
of, 10.

Acorutes longispinus, nN sp., 315.

Acutalts apicalis, n. sp., 53.

SM CHU uicaa en. SD, 53 ~
Adelura tibiales, n. sp., 79.
Adoneta spinuloides, 302.

Adoxus obscurus, 278.
African butterflies, new species of, 1,
Agassiz Association, 188.
Agnomonia anilis, 156.

pe erasa, 156.

ne obsoleta, 156.
quadrifilaris, 156.
Agrotids taken at trap lanterns $2.
Aldrich, J. M., article by. 25.
Aleochara graciliformis, 276.
Alexicles aspersa, 326.

ce

Alfalfa, lepidopterous larvee on, 229.
Alucita Elliotti7, n. sp , 95.

ee

Eupatoriz, n sp., 96.
Fishit, n. sp., 95.
Amalopota Fitchi, n. sp., 280
Ammalo helops, 12.

“ce

Anisopogon, synopsis of asilid genus, 20,
ut ludius, 1. Sp., 20.
of patruelis, 1. Sp., 21.
rubtdus, DN. Sp. 21.
Anoura magna, Nn. sp., 128.
Anurida maritimia, 314.
Aphelenchus Olesistus, 269,
Aphodius leopardus, 277.
Aphoromma, n. gen., 314.
Aphorura, n. gen., 313.
Anhoruridee, table of genera, 313.
Archilithobius Brunert, n sp., 162.
ce dorsospinorum, N. Sp., 162.
Matterrts, n. sp., 161.
Nebrascensts, n. sp., 161.

oe

ee

ee

Argynnis amphilocus, 186,

a Astarte, 186.

ue Egleis, 259.

ng Victoria, 186,
Artaxa ingenita, 121,
Ashmead, W, H., article by, 67.
Astatus bicolor, 27, 44.

“* pygidialis, 27, 44.

Aterica fuliginosa, 0, Sp., 2.

Athysanus extrusus, 1. sp., 283.

oe tustabilis, n. sp., 284.
table of species, 285.
Automeris Io., var. Argus, n. var,, 123.

ae

Balaninus confusor, n. sp.. 309.

Banks, N., articles by, 27, 64, 205, 252.
Baptolinus ? longiceps, 276.

Bean. T. E., article by, 145.

Bembidium postfasctatum. n. sp., 305.
Bethune, C J. S., articles by, 260, 261,

205.

Blacodes, synopsis of asilid genus, 33.

Se CLACESUSs TM. SP.4134)-
cristatus 0. Sp. 33.
trumcus, 0. Sp. 34.

Blapstinus auripilis, 35.
Blatchley, W. S., article by, 89.
Blennocampa atrata, n. sp., 239.
‘ pofulifoltella, n. sp., 304.
Blissus leucopterus, 35.
Lolbonota bispinifera, n. sp., 55.
Bolitochara picta, 276.
Bombycids, unidentified, 125, 164, 18S,
211, 30%.
Book notices, 27, 86, 235, 295.
Bourletia, n. gen., 313.
Brachystus, n. gen., 317,
ef dilatatus, n. Sp , 317.
Bracon lixt, n. sp., 67.

“ rufomarginatus, N. sp., 68.
Braconids, descriptions of new, 67.
Butterflies, new African, I.

Butterflies of Grand Rapids, Mich., 98.
5 ** Laggan, 145.
BY ** North America, Edwards
SO.

Butterflies, Scudder’s Brief Guide to, 235.

Butterfly larvee not hitherto described, 93.
** Notes on a Polymorphic, 286,

¢

?

Cenophanes anthaxt@, Nn. Sp., 77.
oy hylotrupidis, n. sp., 78.
languria, 0. Sp., 77.
2s pityophthori, n. sp., 78.
oi table of species, 74.
Calandra oryzae, 306.
Caligo Teucer, 311.
Callidryas Eubule, 296,

oe

330

Can the Diptera be considered the high-
est insects, 7, 25, 135.
Carterocephalus mandan, 145, 257.
rs palzemon, 145, 257.
Catocaline moths from Georgia, 153
Certila flexuosa. 303.
Cheetosticha pretiosa, 256.
Chalcid parasite, 256,
Chelanops grossus, n. sp , 65.
a fatus,n. sp.. 64.
pallipfes, n. sp., 64.
Chernetidz, new from the U. States, 64.
Chionobas subhyalina, 137.
Chlzenius Pennsylvanicus, 275.
Chlorotettix necopina, n. sp.. 282.
Chrysomela exclamationis, description of
grubs, 168,
Chrysophanus dione, larva and chrysalis
Oty22t
Chthonius spinosus, n. sp., 67.
Crcadula Slossont, n. sp., 281.
Cisthene lactei, 301.
Clerus formicarius, 267.
Clisiocampa, additions to genus, 4.
a ambistmilis, nN. Sp., 40.
Americana, taken at
lanterns, St.
Azteca, N. sp., 5-
fragilis, 112.
larvee of, 37.
mus, Ne SP. 4.
a ** var. discolorata; n. var.
4.
pluvialts, n. sp., 42.
Clover-leaf weevil in Italy, 255.
Cockerell, T. D. H., articles by, 26, 112,
ISI, 221, 294.
Celinius Hopkinsit, n. sp , 77.
Coleocentrus Canadensis, n. sp., 29.
vy Pettitiz, n. sp., 30.
table of species, 30.
Coleoptera affecting forest trees, 201.

trap-

se hints on collecting in winter,
97.

e new arrangement of, 9.

a occurring near Allegheny,

7 Pa., descriptions of. 305.

taken at Sparrow Lake, 272,

a 324,
Colias Behrii, 158.
** Philodice, 104.
oy ms var. Jetettincta, Nn. var.,
104.
Conocephalus palustris, n. sp., 89.
Copimamestra, note on, 184.
Coquillett, D W., articles by, 20, 33, 80,
118, 175, 197, 222, 260.
Coriscium cuculipenellum, 96,

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV.

Cornell Insectary, notes from, 81.

Corrections 25, 56, 260, 296.

Corymbites elongaticollis, n sp., 307.

Cotton-wood leaf miner, 304

Creesus latitarsus, 246.

Cramébus albilineellus, n. sp., 94.
- Coloradellus, n. sp., 95.

Creophilus maxillosus, 276.

Crocota rosa, female of, 25.

Crossidius, some interesting colour varie-
ties in genus, 189.

Cucullia, revision of genus, 45.

Cyenia dubia, suggestion as to the iden-
tity of, 180.

Cynipids, two
State, 110.

new, from Washington

Daleerides, n. gen., 121.

Dasychira clandestina, 303.

Davis, W. T., article by, 108.

Dialytes Ulkei, 278.

Diastrophus Kincaidiz, n. sp., 110.

Dioctria parvulus, n. sp., 80.

fe rubtdus, n sp., 80.

Synopsis of asilid genus, 8o.

Diptera from San Domingo, 170 ;

Dolerus borealis, n. sp., 238.

‘¢ sericeus, 238.

Dryoccetes affaber ? 279.

Dyar, H.. G., articles by, 27, 28; 37; 93,
121, 158, 180, 185, 188, 195, 22b,
244, 256, 301, 327, 328.

Dyavia, n. gen., 213.

‘* stngularis, n. sp., 215.

Dysonycha Pennsylvanica, 279.

“se

Ecthrus Provancheri, 32, 57.

‘© rufopedibus, n. sp., 31.
table of species, 31.
Economic Entomologists,

meeting of, 263.
Edwards, W. H., articles by, 137, 253;
286.
Efferia, n. gen., 175.

oe

fifth annual

‘© candida, n. sp., 176.
SS) perniets, DR. SP., 175:
oe

rava, Ni. sp., 176.

Ehrmann, G. A., article by, 257.

Elwes, W. J., article by, 186.

Emphytus multicolor, 59.

Entomological Society of Ontario, an-
nual meeting of 293.

Erax, new asilid genus related to, 175.

Erebus odora, 310.

Euchophyllum Rileyt, n. sp., 56.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. 331

Eucoptocnemis fimbriaris, 216.

« var. sordida, n. var., 217.

ns the species of, 216.
Eudriinz, on the, 319.
Eudryas Cypris. 0, sp., 322.

ah grata, 320.

Stee. Johannis, 320.
unio, 321.
Eulepidotis, note on, 184.
Eumelia Danbyi, 25.
Euphadra imitans, n.sp., 3.
Lurosta bigelovie, n. sp., 49.
Eurybunus, n. gen,, 209.

oe brunneus, N. Sp., 209.
Euryphene castanea, n. sp., I

s Suffumigata, N. Sp., 2.
Exochilum mundum attacking fall web-

worm, 312.

Experimental Farms, report of, 295.

te

ee

Felt; KE. P:, article by, 120:
Feltia jaculifera, 82.
** ~ subgothica, 82.

Fenusa varipes, 59, 247.

Fernald, C. H , article by, 94.

Field notes from Texas and Louisiana,
130.

Field, W. L. W., article by, 88.

Fitch’s types of N. American Membra-
cide, 171, 196,

Fletcher J., articles by, 86, 163, 235.

Ford, A., article by, 97.

Forest trees, insects affecting, 201.

Fox, W. J , articles by, 44, 113.

French, G, H., article by, 25.

Fyles, T. W., articles by, 23, 107, 109,

Gastropacha, a new, 144.
Gibb, L., articles by, 88, 177.
Gillette, C. P , article by, 110.
Globipes, n. gen., 208.
spinulatus, 0 SEs
Gluphisia clandestina, 303.
ih septentrionalis, 303.
trilineata, 303.
Guathocephalus, n. gen., 318.
complexus, nN. sp , 318.
Goding, F. W., articles by, 53, 171, 196.
Gor -ytes dentatus, n. sp., 116.
Grammodes concolor, n sp.,
ee consobrina, 154.
similis, 155.
Smithii, 154.
Grote, A. R., articles by, 45, 56,
184, 186, 211, 216, 319.

208.

ee

155.

153,

Hagen, Dr. H. A., death of, 328.
Halisidota macularia, 27.

oe megapyrrha, 27.
Hamilton, J., articles by, 272, 305, 324.
Harpiphorus tarsatus, 59.
Harrington, W. H., articles by,
Hart; CG; -Avspanticlesby,727,.
Helcon occidentalis, 78.
Heliophobus fimbriaris, 216.
Hemichroa Americana, 244.
Hemiptychus castanéus, N Sp., 307.

29, 57:

Hepialus argenteomaculatus, 124, 186,
300, 327.
fe auratus, 260, 327.
ihe los, 327.
Se McGlashani, 300.
a mustelinus, 299.
Ses | Dera7ta, M, Vartgas2 inc
ee quadriguttatus, 125, 186, 327.
es rosetcapul, N. Sp., 125.
fs thule, occurrence of, at Mon-

treal, 297.
So velleda, 299.
Histoire Naturelle des Araignees : Simon,
a

Holland, W. J., articles by,
Homolophus, n. gen., 208.

OY arcticus, N. Sp., 208.
Homoptera, new N. American, 280.
Honey-bee or house-fly, 7, 25, 135.
Hoplocampa pallipes, n. sp., 239.
Howard, L. O., article by, 263.
Hudson, G H., article by, 24.
Hybleea puera, 294.
Hymenoptera, Canadian. 29, 57.

if new species of fossorial,

113.

Hyperchiria Io., var. Avgzs, n.
Hyphantria cunea, 312.
Hypoprepia miniata, var.
var., 124.
table of species, 124.
Hypopta Theodor, n. sp., 220.

I, 310.

var., 123.
subornata, 0.

ce

Ichthyura apicalis, 303.
*) itable ‘of species, 122}
£ vau, 159, 185, 303.
Tdeoroncus obscurts, 0. Sp., 66.
Isomiva ruficollés, n. sp., 308.

Jack, J. G., article by, 183.
Japyx Americanus, n. Sp., 174, 219.
‘© Saussurii, 219,

‘© subterraneus, 173, 219.

Kenyan, F. C., article by, 161.
Kirkland, A H., article by. 312,

INDEX TO

Labida
195.
Lachnosterna taken at trap lanterns, 83.
Lac-insect, new, from Jamaica 181.
Larvee, preservation of, for study, 265.
Larvophagous caterpillars, 88,
Leaf-miner of cotton-wood, 292.

opimus, var, d¢gemzna, n. var,

Lecantum Fletchert, i. sp., 221.

Lembert, J. B., article by, 259.

Lepidoptera, additions to list of Can-
adian, 149.

Lepidoptera, descriptions of new forms,

12%.
gaa: ra,
Catalogue of, Kirby, 28.
Lepidopterous larvee, descriptions of, 37,

ce

93, 109, 133, 158, 185, 229, 248,
288, 292, 294.
Leptobunus, n. gen., 209.
ee

Californicus, n. sp., 210.
Leptura Canadensis, 278.

‘ vagans, 278.
Leucania pseudargyria, 100.
Limacodes ferrigera, 302.
Limenitis Arthemis, 312.

ve Ursula, 311.
Weidemeyeri, 312.
Liobunum bimaculatum, n. Ss). 210.
Liparid genus, description of a new, 2
Lithobtus sexdentatus, n. sp , 152.
Lithophane oriunda, 186,
Locustidze, some new, from Indiana, So.
Loricera cvwrulescens, 275.
Lubbockia cerulea, 318.
Luminous worms, 8S.
lyda Olympia, n sp., 243.
Lyman, H. H., articles by, 248, 297.
Lysttermus Scolytictda, n. Sp., 74.

ee

S.

ae ae AL HOM articles bys) 27,
173, 218, 237, 206, 313.
Macrophya albtlabris, on. sp., — 60,
Californica, 240.
es MaALNIf~ica, DN. SP. 240.
se

Oregona, 240,
Mallophora Megachile, n. sp., 118.

ay Synopsis of the asilid genus,

118,

Melalopha alethe, n. sp., 122
Melanchroia cephise, 2
Meha Danbyi, 25.
Membracide of N, America, 171, 196.

oe ** St. Vincent Island, 53.
Messa atra, n. sp., 238.
Microlepidoptera, new N. American, 94.
Mimesa maculipes, 0. Sp.. 117.

yao

VOLUME NXXY.
Moffat, J. A., articles by, 149, 186, 234,
258.
MMonophadnus alracornus, Ns SPs 239.

Dionietened Atne aidai?,
6%

n. Sp , 239.
maculata, 59.
Myriapoda of Nel sraska, 161,
Mysine thoracica, n. Sp., 113.

Neanura, n. gen., 314.
Nematus castaneus, 237.

“* lineatus, n. sp., 59
luteolus, 238.
ritfoctnctus, 1 Sp., 59.
thoracicus, N. Sp., 58.
Nemeophila Scudderi, preparatory stages

of, 248.

Neumoegen, B., articles by, 4, 6, 25,
121, 213;

Nicocles argentatus n. sp. 119.

** Synopsis of the asilid genus, 118
Noctuidae, Catalogue of N, American :
Smith, 295.

Nomophila noctuella, 120.
Notes and Queries, 310.

Ocneria dispar, 258
(]¢dematophorus cretidactylus, 96.
os occidentalis, y6.

(I’donia exigua, 302. ‘
Oligolophus montanits, N. Sp. 252.
Olptum obscurum, n. sp., 65.
Orchelimum Brunert, n. sp., 92.

hg canipestre, N sp., QI.
Lndianense, 0. Sp., OC.
Oudemansia cerulea, 318.

cc

Pachybarts strigapunctis,
Pachyprotasis delta, 60.
ut omega, 60,
varipicta, 60.
Packard, A 5., article by,
am philus cinctlus, N. sp

oe

n. sp., 309

ce

Siti
Oz,
fascipennis, 62.
ruficeps, nN. sp,
P apilio Bairdii, 253.

G resphontes, 260, 311.

uc

62.

‘* Hollandii, 253.

‘* Homerus, new localities for, 258.

‘* Notes on a polymorphic, 253.

“* Oregonia, 253.

“_ -Philenor, 318.

Sr a larvee becoming larvo-
phagous, 17.

oe

Turnus, black male of, 122.

NN ii i

INDEX TO VOLUME XXV. 333

Parnassius Clodius, 163.
aig Smintheus, 163.
Patton, W. H., article by, 9.
Phalangine of the U States, 205.
Philonthus politus, 276.
Phlceotribus liminaris, 111.
Phurys flavistriaria, 157.
MEE PERDIEXa,, TiS iq.
Phyciodes Carlota, 93, 99
Phyllodesma Dyari, nN sp., 144.
Phytomyza affinis, 265.
Phytonomus punctatus, 255,
Piophila casei, 270.
Planiceps calcaratus, n sp., 115.
Platynus parniarginatus, N. Sp , 305.
Platypteryx arcuata, 24.
as genicula, 24.
Podura granulata, n. sp., 316.
Podurhippus, 316.
Poduride, table of genera, 315.
Ponipilus posterus, N. Sp., 115.
a8 relativus, N. Sp, 114
Prionia, a new form of, 24.
SO UZOLS ESP 2Ae
Prionoxystus robinix, varieiy of, 257.

ce

Protolophus, n gen., 206.

stneularis, 1. Sp , 207.
tuberculatus, Nn. sp., 200.
Pseudachorutes subcrassus, 317.
Pseudanaphora arcanella, 301.
Pseudopsyche exigua, 301.
Psilocephala Aldrichiz, n. sp., 227.

Ss baccata, n. sp., 226.
Sestina, N. Sp., 225

iad

se Johnsoni, n sp., 228.
oe marceda, ND. Sp., 228.

cs montivaga, 0. Sp., 226.
ie morata, N. Sp., 225.

sf obscura, N, sp, 229.

os pavida, n sp , 226.

se Nlossont, nN sp , 227.

oe

Synopis of genus, 222.

Raphia frater, 303.

Rhysipolis biformis, n. sp., 68.
Khyssalus pityophthori, n. sp., 69.
Rivers, J. J., article by, 144.
Roncus pacificus, n. sp., 66.

Schizocerus tristis,
var., 195.

Schoturus, n. gen., 316.

Scudder’s Brief Guide to Butterflies, 235.

Sesiiadze, notes on collecting in England,

177.

var. fumipennis, n.

Sitotroga cerealella, 36.
Skinner, H., articles by, 22, 257:
Slosson, Mis., articles by, 152, 260,
Smith, J. B., article by, 164.
Smynthur us floridanus, n. Sp., 127.
Oe Spinatus, Nn. SD., 127.
Song of Thyreonotus, 108.
Soronia substriata, n. SP. 306.
Spathius brachyurus, 0. Sp. 73
Sotoinis, Nn. SPs, 72s
“pallidus, n. sp., 74:
stmillimius, Nn. Sp., 73-
table of species, 70.
unifascratus, N. Sp., 72.
Sphinx caterpillars, rearing, 234.
Sphongophorus albofasctata, n sp., 54.
Se vextllifera, . Sp., 53.
Spilosoma virginica, 180,
Stenelophus humidus n. sp., 306.
Sthenopis argenteomaculatus, var. sevz?-
auratus, N. var., 124.
Strecker, H.. article by, 163.
Strongylogaster pacificus, n. Sp., 241.
primativus, n. sp., 241.
soriculatus, 61.
Synchloe adjutrix, 286.
By crocale, 286.
lacinia, 286.
Synergus Garryana, n. sp., 110.
Systena marginalis. 279.

ce

“cc

Tachardia gemmifera, n. sp., 181.

Tachinidze, comments on Mr. Van der
Nulp’s diagnoses of new Mexican
species, 165.

Taxonus dubitatus, 184.

‘* nigrisoma, 183.
Tenthredinidz. descriptions of larvee,
244.
- from Washington, 237.
bt from Yo Semite, Cal.,
195.
Tenthredo Barnstonii, 242.
ot basillaris, 61.
e grandis. 61.
€ PIGEEOStAte 242.
se xanthus, 2

Tenthredopsis eee n. sp., 61,

mC Evansii, 61.

a riuficorna N. Sp, 242.

eS transversa, N. Sp., 242.
Tetracanthella pilosa, 316.
Texas, notes on injurious insects of, 35.
Thecla grunus, 94.
Thereva duplicts, n. sp., 199.

‘ fohnsont, n. sp., 200.

334 INDEX ‘TO VOLUME XXV.

Thereva nigra, 222
‘novella, n sp., 200
‘¢ ottosa. N Sp., 199
‘© semttaria, n sp, 198.
‘© Synopsis of the dipterous genus,
197
Theletia extranea, 301.
Thia extranea, 301.
Thyreonotus pachymerus, 108.

Thysanura. North American, 127, 173,

218, 313
Tolype, Eeriotion of anew, 6
‘© tollteca, n sp,

Townsend, C. H. T, articles by, 7, 10,
48, 135, 165, 168, 201, 229, 292,
304.

Trap-lantern experiment, results of, 81.

Tremex columba, 64.

Trina mirabilis, 318.

Trypetid bred from galls on Bigelovia, 48,
Lie;

Tryphon flavifrons, sp. 107.

Tullbergyia antarctica, 314.

Unidentified Bombycids, 125 164, 188,
211, 301.

Urocerus indecisus, n. Sp, 243.
‘* riparius, N. Sp., 244.

Uroceridz from Washington, 237

Van Duzee FE. P. article by, 250. _
Van Winkle, A. S . articles by 212, 296
Varina ornata, systematic position of, —

Chis -

Webster. F M. articles by 35 ‘11, 255.

Westwood, the late Professor, 261.

Which side of the tree does Phlceotribus
liminaris attack 2? TT.

Wickham H. F.. articles by, 139 189.

Williston S. W. articles by. 170.

Winter collecting of coleoptera, 97. 1.

Wolcott, Ro H . article by, 98 ;

ee maritima 317.
Xilophilus tuberculifer, 0. Sp. 279.
Niphydria Canadensis, 63.
rufiventris. 63,
Xyela minor, 62. Pm

Zareea Americana, noteson, 23.

ERRATA. an
Page 6, 3d line, for P. ¢olteca read 7. :
tolteca.
Page 161. 20th line, for ‘‘Archilithabius”
read ‘Archilithobius.”

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