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J. ALSTON MOFFAT.
LIBRARIAN AND CURATOR, ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
eo
he anadiay —srtomologist.
Viot. XeXXCEL.
LONDON, JANUARY, tgotr. No. 1
LIFE-HISTORY OF XYLINA BETHUNEI, G. & R.
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, MONTREAL.
On the evening of 17th of April, 1898, a 2 of this species entered
my room, and was bottled and not looked at again until the morning of
the 19th, when it was found that the cyanide in the bottle was exhausted
and that the moth was still alive and had laid a considerable number of
eggs. The eggs were distributed through the cotton wool at the bottom
of the bottle, and this had to be carefully pulled to pieces thread by
thread to secure the eggs.
The following description was taken :
Egg.—Somewhat of gumdrop shape, .60 mm. in diameter, wider than
high. Many low ribs rising from the base, the whole surface pitted with
rather large depressions having the appearance near the apex of short
transverse striz. Colour when laid, creamy with a tinge of green, soon
turning whitish and then soon showing a mottling of brownish red.
Later they turned darker, but the mottling remained; hatching 1st and
2nd May. Egg period about 14 days.
Young larva.—Stage I: Length, at rest, 1.42 mm.;in motion, 1.70
mm. Head large, considerably exceeding the znd segment, lower part
projecting forward. Colour creamy white, but with a darker interior
shade beginning at the 3rd segment and extending about two-thirds to
anal end, but darker and more marked on the anterior segments. Setze
long, concolorous, as are also the feet and claspers.
The larve were offered wild cherry, red-oak bud, hawthorn, silver
maple, white birch, willow, plantain, ash, apple. They ate several of the
foods offered, but preferred cherry, maple or apple ; hawthorn, birch and
plantain were not touched.
By the 5th May the general colour was a pale green, the interior
shade being dark green, though some did not show the darker interior
shade, being uniformly pale green.
Passing rst moult 7th May; described 9th May.
pu THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
After 1st moult.—Stage I]: Length 6 mm. _ Head pale greenish
with a few white hairs, ocelli black. Body pale green, dark green
interiorly, with a whitish subdorsal line, and a similar subspiracular
line. Warts whitish.
By the 12th some had passed 2nd moult.
After 2nd moult.—Stage III: Length 8.60-9.40 mm. Head pale
horn colour. Body green, darker, especially interiorly, above, yellowish
green below. ‘There is now a very broken dorsal line of short white
dashes. The warts are conspicuous, being of a shiny white, like glazed
china. Sete short and whitish; spiracles very inconspicuous. These larve
are sometimes restless, but do not tend to stray from the food-plant.
They constantly spin threads, so that when picked up with a camel’s-hair
pencil they are sometimes pulled back by the thread.
While under observation one began to clear away the frass from the
maple leaf it was on, picking the pieces up with its jaws and throwing
them aside. One mass so thrown consisted of six or more pellets stuck
together.
By the 15th nearly all had passed the 3rd moult.
After 3rd moult.—Stage IV: Length, at rest, 12 mm.;in motion,
14.5 mm. Very evenly cylindrical, but with a slight fullness about the
12th segment. Head very pale green with a few whitish hairs, mouth-
parts whitish, ocelli rather inconspicuous. Body green with yellowish
shades, especially at the segmental folds. Warts as before.
The white lines are the same as before, but the subspiracular fold
is strongly marked and is yellowish white. There is an indication
by white dots of another line between the subspiracular fold and sub-
dorsal stripe. ‘The spiracles are small and very inconspicuous. Feet
and claspers pale greenish.
Passing 4th moult 17th May.
After 4th moult.—Stage V: Length, at rest, 15.6 mm. Head, 2nd
and 13th segments, light green, rest of body yellowish green. Warts and
stripes as before, white. Setee pale yellowish, subspiracular fold yellow-
ish white, feet and claspers light green.
On 22nd nine out of fourteen in one jar were found to have passed
the 5th moult, and the appearance of the larva is now entirely changed.
After 5th moult.—Stage VI: Length, at rest, 24 mm.; in motion,
28 mm.
Head pale greenish horn colour mottled with blackish green. Body
Oo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
greenish gray, mottled on part above the subspiracular fold with velvety
black. Top of the second segment almost solidly black, with a thin pale
horn colour dorsal line, the warts very small and similar in colour to
dorsal line. This black patch is bordered on the sides by a whitish line,
and below is a clear greenish wedge-shape space, wider anteriorly; below
this it is mottled in black to the subspiracular band. Dorsal stripe from
3rd segment to 13th yellow, shaded with orange. Warts distinct, white
like glazed porcelain. Sete rather weak, pale in colour. On 8th to 11th
segments there are two small white dots like warts in advance of wart 1,
at about same distance from i. as ii. is. These spots are a little further
from the dorsal line than i., but not quite as far as ii. Subdorsal stripe
broken up into a line of spots, subspiracular fold broad, cream colour;
just above this a black band of varying width, widest at the spiracles,
which show upon it as white ovals; between this and the subdorsal stripe
there is a series of white dots.
The black mottling tends to be grouped about the warts and other
white dots.
The top of the 12th segment is slightly swollen. Below the sub-
spiracular fold the body is pale green with only a powdering of
black atoms about the warts v. and vi.
Feet and claspers pale green.
On 23rd May I noticed that there were only 13 larve in the
jar where there had been 14, and it is possible that one had been eaten,
though they had never been short of food. In the other jar cannibalism,
which is a characteristic of this group, had evidently been practised,
as evidenced by the remaining anal extremity of a larva which had
apparently been devoured when in process of moulting.
I therefore separated them into four jars so that they should have
more room. One larva was of a much grayer tone than the average,
being wanting in the greenish shade. The larve were mature about the
end of May, the colour as usual changing just before the pupation, the
greenish shade of the upper area giving place to a pinkish tinge.
The length of the mature larva is 31-32 mm. The larva enters the
ground and makes a close cocoon of grayish silk and pellets of earth.
The pupa is of the usual noctuid type. The moths began to appear
about the 29th July, and continued to emerge for a week or ten days.
This is very much earlier than they would have emerged had they been
subjected to the vicissitudes of their natural life out of doors.
4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
NEW JASSIDAZ FROM THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN AND
PACIFIC REGION.
BY FE. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLO.
The following species, with a few exceptions, were taken by Mr.
E. P. Van Duzee and the author while on a very interesting and success-
ful trip through southern and western Colorado during the latter part of
July, 1900. ‘These species are all strictly south-western in distribution as
far as known, and most of them were found feeding on one or another of
the peculiar plants of that region. While collecting in the valley of the
Grand River, a number of species of Homoptera were taken, hitherto
only known from the Californian region, and it is very probable that in
turn several of these species, which were taken along with them, will,
eventually, be found in California.
HECALUS BRACTEATUS, N. sp.
Resembling drunneus, the elytra shorter in the female, longer in the
male. Head longer and thinner. Female, pale yellow. Male, milk-
white with fuscous lines. Length, 9 7mm., ¢ 5 mm. Width, ¢ 1.5
mm., ¢ 1.25 mm.
Female.—Vertex long, with a foliaceous margin, disc transversely
convex, the lateral margins but slightly narrowed for half the length, then
forming a parabolic curve. Length and width in front of eyes about
equal,two and one-fourth times the lengthof the pronotum. Elytra brachyp-
terous, covering the first abdominal segment, as long as the vertex, their
apices rounding. Venation reduced, a broad margin outside of the first
section, which is once forked, no apical and rarely more than one ante-
apical cell present.
Maie.—Vertex roundingly triangular, its basal width one-third
greater than its length, slightly longer than pronotum, margin not foli-
aceous. Elytra long and narrow, much longer than abdomen, venation
distinct, somewhat irregular, usually the second cross nervure present,
forming three anteapical cells, of which the second is much the longer.
Colour: female pale yellow or straw colour, the elytra with a few
fuscous dots next the nervures ; abdomen with a pair of olive stripes on
each side, these stripes margined with dotted fuscous lines, a similar
median line. Sometimes the olive stripes disappear, leaving the abdo-
men with nine dotted fuscous lines. Male milky white, sometimes with
five olive stripes, dotted with fuscous, on vertex and pronotum. Elytra
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a)
with the milk-white nervures margined with fuscous dots. Upper half of
the face fuscous.
Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female as long as the
penultimate, the posterior margin roundingly emarginate, with a broad
blunt tooth. Male, valve triangular, plates triangular, the margins
slightly concave, fringed with stcut spines ; plates about three times the
length of the valve.
Described from numerous specimens from Rocky Ford, Colo. This
species is apparently intermediate in structure between this genus and
Parabolocratus. The females are all brachypterous and have the elon-
gate head of a Heca/us, while the males are long-winged and have the short
vertex of Parabolocratus.
ATHYSANUS SYMPHORICARPS, DN. Sp.
Form and size of zmstabi/is, lighter coloured, resembling s¢vzatudus,
but larger and lighter testaceous. Length, 4.5 mm.; width, 1 mm.
Vertex twice wider than long, half longer at apex than against eye,
rounding to the broad almost paraliel margined front, clypeus much
narrower than apex of front, parallel margined. Elytra stout, longer than
body as in znstabilis, the central anteapical cell long, narrowed in the
middle, more than half its length beyond the apex of clavus.
Colour: vertex and face yellowish testaceous, lines on front and
irrorations on vertex fusco-testaceous. Pronotum and scutellum paler,
with a slightly olive tinge. Elytra pale brownish or olive testaceous,
subhyaline, the nervures light. Legs and all below pale orange
testaceous.
Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female little longer than
the penultimate, the lateral margins narrowing, the lateral angles a little
produced, triangular, between these the posterior margin is slightly
rounding, shining black. One specimen has an acutely angular notch
either side the middle, one-third the distance to the margin, leaving a
ébroad central tooth ; one has only one notch; and two, probably not
having copulated, have none.
Described from four females from Ridgeway, Colo.
ATHYSANUS VARUS, 0. Sp.
Form and colour of adpinus and extrusus, but with a narrower body
and longer elytra. Male darker, resembling A/utonius female. Length,
9 5mm., ¢ 4.25mm. Width, 2? 1.5 mm., f a little over 1 mm.
\) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Vertex roundingly triangular, twice wider than long, two-thirds the
length of the pronotum, disc convex, rounding to front, apex bluntly
conical ; front broad and flat, width between antenne a little less than
three-fourth its length. Elytra long, the outer margins almost parallel,
their apices very broadly rounding. Venation strong, often accessory
cross nervures along clavus and between sectors of corium: central ante-
apical cell very long, the posterior end angularly enlarged.
Colour: ground colour a dirty straw-yellow ; vertex with a trans-
verse band just back of the ocelli, the ends of which do not reach the
eye, but curve forward to the front ; another interrupted band half way
between this and the posterior margin and two dashes curving away from
the apex and paralleling the other bands, black. Elytra with the
nervures white, the cells mostly filled with dark fuscous, omitting a
transverse, hyaline, band across the juncture of apical and anteapical
cells, a large milk-white patch on the cross nervures between the sectors,
a smaller one at the apex of each claval nervure and sometimes another
next to the claval suture. Face, dirty yellow arcs on front, especially on
upper half; sutures, spots around the antennal sockets and the disc of the
clypeus, fuscous. Male much darker than female, lower part of face and
below black.
Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of the female one-half longer
than penultimate, posterior margin nearly truncate, the median third
roundingly produced ; usually the segment is curved over the ovipositor
so that it appears emarginate, with a quite pronounced median lobe; male
valve less than half as long as its breadth at base, the apex rounding;
plates no wider than the valve, slightly concavely triangular, the apex
acute, two and one-half times the length of the valve, clothed with stout
white spines.
Described from ten females and one male from Fort Collins, Colo.
Readily distinguished from any other American species by the
genitalia and venation. ‘There is a group of about six European species
that possess the same milk-white elytral markings, of which a@istinguendus
and Schenkii are similar in form, but none of them in venation and
genital characters.
THAMNOTETTIX GRAECULA, N., sp.
Form of favocapitata nearly, but stouter; as large as Cogui/letti,
which it somewhat resembles in colour. Length, 2? 5.5 mm., ¢ 5 mm,
fod
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (
Vertex roundingly angular, the apex conical, scarcely two-thirds as
long as its breadth at base, half longer than against eye; disc convex,
rounding to the front except at apex; front broad, rather flat; clypeus
broadest just before the rounding apex. Pronotum a little over half
longer than vertex; elytra rather stout. Venation peculiar, resembling
Jonguda, except that the outer anteapical cell is pointed and petiolate
anteriorly and the outer fork of first sector is very faint. Male smaller
and with a blunter vertex.
Colour: pale yellowish olive ; the female has two large spots
within the basal angle and two smaller ones on the disc of the scutellum
and the cross nervures between the sectors brown. Elytra with slight
reddish cast. The males have no marking on scutellum, the elytra are
distinctly embrowned, especially along the claval and apical areas. In
both sexes there are a number of oval subhyaline areas. In the males
there are three approximate pairs along the sutural margin.
Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of female half longer than
penultimate, the lateral angle rounding, the posterior margin triangularly
emarginate from the lateral angles half way to the base ; from the bottom
arises a strap-shaped tooth equalling the lateral angles ; male valve
broadly evenly rounding. The plates, concavely, triangularly acuminate,
about twice the length of the valve.
Described from one female and three males from Rifle, Durango and
Colorado Springs, Colo.
SCAPHOIDEUS BLANDUS, DN. sp.
Form and general appearance of jucundus, smaller and paler, lacking
the reddish tinge of that species. Costal margin of elytra with numerous
regular cells. Length, 5 mm.; width, r.ro mm.
Vertex right-angled back to the eyes, which round off, not quite
as long as its basal width, disc flat, margins straight, vertex and face
foyming an acute angle; front, margins straight, clypeus very slightly
broadened below. Pronotum as long as vertex, more than half of its
length within the curve of the vertex. Elytra, claval veins but slightly
curved apically, usually a cross nervure from outer one to suture and often
several irregular ones between the veins, outer anteapical cell usually
with one cross nervure to the costa, sometimes several, costal margin
with numerous, indistinct, almost equidistant nervures which are perpen-
dicular to the margin.
S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Colour: almost uniform dull yellow, the anterior margin of vertex
pale, faintly margined with brown. Elytra with oval light spots, which
are milky on clavus and subhyaline white on corium; the three pairs
along the sutural margin are very regular. Below pale yellow.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of female twice wider than
long, posterior margin rounding, variably trisinuate either side of a
narrow median incision; the inner pair of lobes usually largest, lateral
angles rounding, disc with a dark spot, pygofers short, strongly inflated
in the middle. Male valve small, bluntly triangular; plates rather
broad, the basal half rounding, apical half triangularly narrowing to the
blunt tips, two and one-half times longer than valve, the flat lateral
margins separated from the convex disc by a dark line.
Described from numerous specimens from Rifle, Ridgway, Dolores
and Durango, Colo. The quadrangular cells along the costa will readily
separate this from any described form.
SCAPHOIDEUS FUMIDUS, Nn. sp.
Resembling é/andus in form and size. Colour rich testaceous
brown, the margins of vertex and pronotum and apex of elytra white.
Length, 5 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex right-angled, slightly shorter than its basal width, lateral
margins slightly rounding, disc flat or slightly transversely depressed on
the middle ; outline of face as seen from the side straight, front rapidly
widening above antennal pits, regularly narrowing below ; clypeus short,
constricted in the middle, gene broadly margining the lore below.
Pronotum slightly longer than vertex. Elytra rather long and narrow
behind ; outer claval vein nearly straight, venation obscured by the deep
colour, except in the apical cells, nodal vein arising from beyond the
middle of the outer anteapical cell.
Colour: rich testaceous brown, vertex lighter, the lateral margins
of vertex and pronotum and the costal margin of elytra at base creamy
white, the apex of corium from just beyond the clavus and including all
the apical cells and the apices of the two outer anteapical cells, subhya-
line white. Sometimes a few oval white spots in the testaceous portion
of elytra. Face and below pale creamy yellow.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of female with a_ broad,
triangular, median notch, either side of which there is a broad rounding
lobe which slopes away to a small triangular lobe next the lateral angle ;
Cc
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
male valve small, not as long as the ultimate segment, roundingly
triangular ; plates narrow, long, triangular, their apices acute.
Described from ten specimens from Rifle, Dolores and Durango,
Colo. The white margins anteriorly and the sharply defined tip to the
elytra against the rich ground colour render this an easily recognized
species. The general shape and colour suggest the genus //atymetopius,
but the shorter vertex and the face characters place it with Scaphoideus.
Such species as this weaken generic characters and at the same time
help us in that they show affinities.
PHLEPSIUS VANDUZEI, N. sp.
Form and general appearance of cinereus, but much larger ; stouter
built than even wedu/osus; grayish cinereous, with a trilobate commissural
line. Length, 8 mm. ; width, 2.75 mm.
Vertex very bluntly conical, one-fourth longer on middle than against
eye, three-fifths the length of the pronotum, no visible line between it and
front ; front not quite as long as its basal width, the apex one-third the
width at base ; clypeus long, wedge-shaped, broadest below ; pronotum
two and one-third times wider than long. Elytra broad, longer than the
body, compressed before the flaring apex; claval veins sometimes tied
across.
Colour: dirty white, sometimes a pale yellow wash on vertex and
pronotum. Vertex with a distinct round black spot on the middle of
either side at the base, a few irregular dark vermiculations anteriorly,
omitting a broad median line which extends down the front ; numerous
short arcs on front, a spot on clypeus, a pair on lore, another pair just
under eyes, fuscous. Pronotum and scutellum with very faint markings,
elytral veins yellow and fuscous ; between them the membrane is very
finely, sparsely, and somewhat irregularly vermiculate, omitting a broad
commissural line, which is divided into three lobes by the apices of the
clayal nerves. The outer apical and two costal veins often very much
infuscated, the spaces between clear.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female appearing only as
a narrow strip along the pleura on either side ; in its place is a thin mem-
brane shaped almost like the segment in afertus, with its rectangular
median excavation, and showing beyond its posterior margin the rounded
apices of the plates, near the middle line, and the rounding lobes of a
secou’ membrane near the lateral angles ; male valve triangular, the apex
bluntly roundingly produoed ; plates broad at base, roundingly triangular,
10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
their apices produced, compressed, slightly divergent; disc, convex,
inflated, a few appressed hairs along the margin; plates equalling the
pygofers, nearly five times the length of the valve.
Described from a pair taken at Rifle, Colo., by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee,
and two females taken at Grand Junction the next day by the author.
This large species is strikingly distinct in form, colour and genitalia, and
it gives me great pleasure to name it after the man who has in the past
so carefully worked out this genus for us, and whose energy and ‘* Kansas
umbrella” taken together did so much to make this mountain trip both
pleasurable and profitable to the author.
PHLEPSIUS EXTREMUS, N. Sp.
Very smali, oval, depressed, with a flat, thick margined vertex ;
resembling decorus and arco/atus in general appearance, but much smaller.
Smaller than ovatus, head as wide as the pronotum. Length, ? 4.5 mm.,
¢ 4 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex flat, over three-fourths the length of the pronotum, over half
longer on middle than at eye, not quite twice wider’ than long, the
anterior margin thick, angle with front acute; front broad, nearly flat,
longer than wide. Elytra short, oval, claval veins distinct.
Colour: milky white, heavily irrorate with dark fuscous so that the
general colour is dark without the reddish or brownish tinge so common
in this genus ; vertex very heavily irrorate, omitting a narrow margin and
median line. Pronotum with Jarge olive brown spots along the anterior
margin as in gecorus and areodatus. Vlytra with numerous supernumerary
veins and reticulations, irrorations almost obsolete except in a few dark
spots around the apex and along the costa, one or two near the apex of
clavus and two very distinct ones between the sectors of the corium.
Front very heavily irrorate with brownish fuscous, rest of face and legs
lighter.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female twice the length of
the penultimate, the lateral angles broadly, roundingly produced, between
these the margin is roundingly emarginate with minute angular teeth at
the bottom. In the natural position of the segment it appears to be
angularly emarginate almost from the lateral margins ; male valve very
small, broad and short, about one-fourth the length of the ultimate
segment ; plates triangular, their apices hardly acute, a little longer than
the ultimate segment.
Described from two males and two females, three from Rifle and one
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11
from Durango, Colo. One Rifle specimen from Mr. Van Duzee. This
is as short as a/bsdus, but much broader, and is quite distinct structurally
from any other species with a flat vertex and a broad head.
PHLEPSIUS DENUDATUS, N. sp.
Resembling ovatus, but broader and shorter. Even lighter coloured
than a/é:dus. Head broader than thorax. Form stout. Length, 4mm.;
width, 2 mm.
Vertex blunt, rounding, twice wider than long; front broad, about
one-fifth longer than wide, clypeus enlarged at apex. Pronotum very
short, but one-third longer than vertex, lateral margin scarcely apparent.
Elytra short, broad, flaring behind, giving the insect a square-set appear-
ance. Venation very indistinct, somewhat variable.
Colour: milky white, very sparsely spotted and irrorate with
fuscous. Vertex with a pair of round spots just inside the eyes; within
and back of these a pair of oblique dashes, fuscous. Pronotum witha
pair of fuscous spots in a line with the inner margin of the eye on either
side, sometimes a row of fuscous markings inside of these. Scutellum
with a pair of triangular spots within the basal angles and a smaller pair
of round ones on the disc. Elytra with three pairs of equidistant
approximate spots along the suture, the middle pair the largest, and a
number of spots along the costa, black. Sometimes these are absent
except the large pair on the suture, and a spot opposite the anteapical
cells on either costa. Veins pale yellow, indistinct. Face and all below
dirty white.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female about twice as
long as the penultimate, the lateral angles feebly, angularly produced, the
margin between them very slightly rounding, with a small semicircular
median emargination; male valve small, triangular; plates broad,
triangular, as long as the ultimate segment.
Described from numerous specimens from Grand Junction, Colo.
(V. D. and the author.) This is another of the ‘ white” Phlepsids,
which seems to be strictly south-western in distribution. In structure it
resembles Vanduzet, but in size and colour it is very different.
(To be continued.)
I desire to acknowledge the Society’s indebtedness for a perfect pair
of Plusia aeroides, from Mr. C. H. Young, Hurdman’s Bridge, through
Dr. Fletcher. 1
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ENTOMOLOGIST.
THE CANADIAN
PLATE 2.
Can. Enrv., VoL. XXXIII.
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pa)
This study showed that the measurements given in the description
of the species by Prof. Johnson represented specimens in May and June,
when the species is at its maximum size, but specimens much smaller
were found at that season, and those collected in October of 1S99 and
Ig00 were uniformly smaller. It was found that the average size of
specimens measured was as near that of JV. f7sz, Kalt., of Oestlund, as
LV. destructor, Johns., with no marked difference in colour. A careful
review of European literature showed the size of JV. fzsz, Kalt., as given
by different writers, to be quite variable; the length, for instance, as given
by Koch (No. 7) is 3.3 mm., while Buckton (No. g) gives 2.27 mm., and
Taschenberg states that the winged female is slightly shorter than the
wingless (No. 25), which he describes as 4 mm. long. ‘The coloration as
given by these writers is also variable.
In October, tgoo, a form of the winged female (No. 11)—described
below—was found migrating from peas to clover, which was much
darker and smaller than the summer broods and in many respects more
similar to some of the descriptions of JV. f7sz, and at the same time the
apterous females and nymphs were distinctly pulverulent, which was not
observed in June, but is mentioned in descriptions of fzsc. A few
winged males (No. 17)—described below—were also secured.
Having become well convinced of the identity of the two species,
specimens of JV. fist, Kalt., were secured from Mr. G. B. Buckton, F.R.S.,
Haslemere, Eng., who kindly lent me two slides containing several
specimens in Canada balsam. The specimens of one slide, collected at
‘‘Southgate, June 17, -47” (1847 ?) (Nos. 1 and 18), were of exactly the
same size as WV. destructor as described by Prof. Johnson, with exception
of seginent VI. of the antenne being very much shorter. ‘They also
differed in having the cornicles and antenne (PI. I., 1a., rel.) considerably
thicker than the smaller specimens of destructor, though very probably
this is largely due to their having been flattened by the pressure of the
cover glass and the drying of the balsam. The surface of the tips of the
cornicles is reticulated, which has not been observed in typical destructor.
None of these differences can, however, be considered as of sufficient
value to separate the species, especially when one considers the variability
of the species as given by European writers. The specimens of the
other slide, marked by Mr. Buckton, “ Siphonophora pisi?—Fool’s
Parsley,” are considerably smaller, but are similar to the smaller forms of
destructor found here, and lack the reticulation on the cornicles. There
36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
is little question, therefore, but that the species (4V. destructor, Johns.) so
injurious during the past two seasons is the well-known “ Green Dolphin ”
(LV. pisi, Kalt.) of Europe’.
‘ast History.—In Europe the “Green Dolphin” has been known as
one of the worst pests of peas and vetches for over a century. Kirby
and Spence, writing inr815, give an account of the damage done by this
pest which corresponds very closely with our own experience, “ those
(aphids) which attack pulse spread so rapidly, and take such entire
possession, that the crop is greatly injured, and sometimes destroyed by
them. ‘This was the case in 1810, when the produce was not much more
than the seed sown; and many farmers turned swine into the pea fields,
not thinking them worth harvesting. ‘The damage in this instance was
caused solely by the aphis, and was universal throughout the kingdom so
that a supply for the navy could not be obtained. ‘The earlier peas are
sown, the better chance they stand of escaping, at least in part, the
effects of this vegetable Phthiriasis.” It is also remarked that the pest is
worse in dry seasons.
The insect is evidently either native to America or has been
established here for many years. ‘The first record of its occurrence was in
Minnesota in 1887 on Shepherd’s Purse’. Since then it has been noted in
Nebraska and Illinois on clover, beets, peas, and other plants.
Early in May, 1890, an experimental plot of crimson clover at this
station was so badly attacked by what was undoubtedly this species of
aphid that for a time it was feared the experiment would prove a failure.
One or two extensive growers of crimson clover inform me that they
have seen this pest on crimson clover for at least six or seven years. As
no other aphid is known to attack clover in any considerable numbers,
there seems to be little doubt but that the same species has been present
in Delaware for at least ten years. Mr. F. A. Sirrine writes me that
Long Island pea growers state that ‘they had a similar trouble with their
s
6 The full bibliography of the species appears in the Report of the Del. Coll. Ag.
Exp. Sta. for 1900. Aphis ulmarie, Schrank, is undoubtedly the same species and
several writers have preferred to use that name. Schrank’s description, however, is not
clearly recognizable, and I have preferred, therefore, to follow the majority of writers
in using Kaltenbach’s name, Exception might be taken to this usage, as very many
aphids are not to be recognized from the original description of the species, but where
types are not extant for purposes of comparison it would be much better were such
descriptions discarded.
7 Thomas mentions it in Illinois in 1879, but it is doubtful whether his description
applies to this species,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ae
peas eight or ten years ago.” In 1887 an aphid very similar to this
species, and probably the same, was observed by Dr. L. O. Howard,
U. S. Entomologist, on clover at Washington, D.C. Mr. R. H. Pettit,
of the Mich. Agl. Experiment Station, informs me that one or two
Michigan pea growers state that they have known a similiar plant-louse to
infest peas for the past twenty vears.
Fall Migratory Winged Viviparous Female.—Wing expanse, 9.3
mm. Length, 3.15 mm.; width, 1.05 mm.; Antenne, 3.9 mm., III.,
0.88 mm.; IV., 0.81 mm.; V., 0.72 mm.; VI-., 0.28 mm.; VII., 0.97 mm.
iba, wt62 mim; 11.;31.62 nm., II.,.2:25mm.; Catida; o.42 mm;
Cornicles, 0.70 mm. Average of 13 specimens.
Coloration same as male, except chitinous plates are slightly
lighter, lateral spots and those above spiracles in abdomen are wanting,
with two dark spots on subgenital plate, subventral plate green, lacking
sensoria on V. antennal segment.
Apterous Viviparous Female.
Specimens late in October and in November are more cr less
covered with a distinct whitish pulverulence, are smaller, and darker
green than in the summer.
Larve of these same broods have antennz, cornicles and legs
blackish or dark brown, body with more or less whitish pulverulence,
which is especially marked and distinct on distal half of hind tibia; very
different from larvee in spring or summer.
Winged Male.—Wing expanse, 9 mm.; Length, 2.5 mm.; width,
Bovemmu. Antenne, 3.62 mm:;. III.0.77 mm.; 1V., 0.71 .mm-; V.,
Spa amnis Vio. 23 mins VIl., 7.02 mm.;° Tibia, I:, 1.57 mm; IL,
1.50 mm.; III., 1.90 mm.; Cauda, 0.24 mm.; Cornicles, 0.50 mm.
Average of 3 specimens.
Dorsal aspect head yellowish, ocelli black, eyes red, mesal line
darker, a dark spot either side of meson caudally; ventral aspect head
and thorax yellow, except mesosternum which is deep olive brown to
blackish, shining, chitinous; rostrum reaches to centre of mesosternum,
prothorax dorsally yellowish-green, thoracic dorsal plates dark-olivaceous
to blackish ; legs yellowish or reddish brown, tips of femora and tibia, and
tarsi black ; large blackish pleural spot on either side of mesothorax and
two smaller spots caudad of it at bases of mesa and metacoxe ; abdomen
light green, slightly whitish pulverulent, three or four lateral blackish
spots cephalad of cornicles ; cornicles green, tips black ; cauda green ;
38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS?Y.
irregular horizontal spots on either side of abdomen around pores of
connexivum above spiracles.
VARIETIES,
Specimens of Vectarophora, on lettuce: collected at Lexington, Ky.,
in Feb., 1895 (Nos. 12, 26), kindly loaned me by Prof. H. Garman; on
lettuce in Baltimore County, Md., Feb., 1899 (No. 14), by Prof. W. G.
Johnson ; and onclover at Ames, Iowa (Nos. 16, 28), by Mr. F. A. Sirrine ;
have all been carefully studied and measured. 1) | | He Si [= el |
—— — — = = +} _— ——
it a ep ea
a = oie > | | | >
W. V. Female|N. pisi ......... Oct. 28, 00} 3} 850} 270) go! |So| 150 210| 32 | 85
, “ “ | lo | | }
A. V. Female. 3 295| 100 89/70 155| 160] 225 2 c
| oh 5| 4 95
W. V. Female|N. corydalis ....|Sep.26,'85| 4 Soo] 208] 85! 290/65|57|/60/15|88| 130] 130] 190) 34 | 64
W.V. Female|N. erigeronensis|June27,'98} 3} 750) 220) So! 200 8lasix2l48| 82] 06] 120] 21 | 66
7) 99! 3 5 55} 3' ee + 3 3 3
ey
A. V. Female. oe a 5 200 | 205 $5]36133} 13/53] 85] 85] 127] 30 76
All were collected at Riinneapole Minn.
This .V. pzs7 is similar to Nos. 12, 13, etc. above, taken on lettuce, and shows
the same differences between it and var. des/ructor. The specimens were collected
on squash. The apterous viviparous female has 5 to 8 sensoria on III.
N. corydalis seems similar to No. 15 above. It does not differ materially
from Oestlund’s pisi (as he remarks), and I think it merely a variation, possibly a
distinct variety.
N, erigeronensis is a quite distinct species. In the apterous viviparous female
the cornicles are thicker, more finely reticulated at apex than in p/s/,are blackish,
reach beyond the cauda, curving outward; antennze dark, g to 15 sensoria on
proximal half of III. In the winged viviparous female the antenna, tibia, distal
half of femora, apical 24 of cornicles are blackish, cornicles reach to tip of cauda ;
sensoria numerous (20 or so) on II1., and protuberant ; capitate hairs scattering
on antennze and body, Be Desk
40) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF
ALBERTA, N.-W. T.
BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, CALGARY.
Calgary (altitude 3,400 ft.) is strictly a prairie city, situate at the
junction of the Bow and Elbow rivers, about 4o or 50 miles from the true
base of the Rocky Mountains. for several hundred miles to the east, the
prairie is, with the exception of a few spots on river bottoms, absolutely
void of either timber or scrub. A very few miles to the west the country
becomes decidedly hilly, and in places densely covered with dwarf
willows. Still further west the hills increase in height, shrubs become
proportionately more abundant, and several species of poplars make
their appearance, the north and west sides of the hills being usually
densely wooded. By far the greater portion of the material from which
this list has been compiled has been taken by myself and Mr. A. Hudson
during the past seven seascns amongst these hills (3,600-4,000 ft.) near
the head of Pine Creek, about sixteen miles to the south-west of Calgary.
This “hill-prairie,” as I will call it, and which may be looked upon as the
boundary between the prairie and the foothills, is well watered by
numerous creeks, and the valleys and hillsides—where not too steep—are
largely grazed and cultivated, but otherwise splendid hunting grounds for
the entomologist. Another favourite hunting ground, and one which has
yielded many species not occurring nearer home, is about twelve miles
further west, near Mr. Billings’s lumber mill. Here the poplars have given
place to spruce, fir, and pine; shrubless spots outside the timber are
scarce, and swamps abound. Here, in short, commence the actual
Rocky Mountain foothills. Had I had leisure to explore these foothills
more thoroughly, I have no doubt my list would have been largely
augmented. ‘Two entomological trips have been made further into the
hills to the south-west, to Mr. Lineham’s lower log camp, on the south
fork of Sheep Creek. On the first of these expeditions Mr. Hudson was
successful in discovering several species of butterflies not seen elsewhere,
but during the second, when I accompanied him, all the elements seemed
combined against us.
From the end of October till nearly the end of April there is
practically no outdoor work for the entomologist in this district. With
the first few days of spring good work may be done after dark at sallow
blossoms, provided the thermometer is a few degrees above freezing
point. Almost before sallows have ceased to be attractive, Erebia
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41
aiscoidalis and Chionobas alberta are out in swarms. Species continue
to appear in gradually increasing numbers until July, which is perhaps the
best all’round month. Treacle may be worked with success from about the
middle of June, sometimes earlier, and in some years (notably in 1894 and
1896) is very prolific until the middle of September, and attractive to a
few autumn species even in early October. On one or two nights during
the above mentioned years moths positively swarmed on the treacled
fence posts. About eighty moths on a single treacle patch at one time
and fifty-five or sixty species in a night’s treacling is about my record.
They couldn’t have been thicker on the treacle, simply because there
wasn’t room! ‘That was during hot, dry seasons. The last two seasons
(1899 and rgoo) have been cold and wet, and absolute failures as regards
treacling, and Lepidoptera on the whole have been extremely scarce,
When I say that during the present year (1900) we had four of five inches
of snow on the ground on June 8th, and again on August 25th. and add,
moreover, that these storms were only a very few degrees colder than
many of those that occurred frequently during the whole summer, it may
well be imagined that captures were few and far between. However, at
this altitude and proximity to the eastern slope of the Rockies, summer
frosts are of frequent occurrence even in the hottest seasons, and the
minimum nightly temperature is rarely above 40 degrees. For some
reason or other, treacle put on green poplars is rarely, if ever, of any use.
The trees must be dead and dry. I usually treacle fence posts, preferring
those with the bark on. Attraction of moths by light has not on the
whole been by any means a success, though it has produced several
species that have not been captured by other means. In a warm, dry
season—z. é., when moths are thickest—the sky is usually too clear for light
to have sufficient attraction, and in wet seasons, when the sky is more
frequently overcast and the nights consequently darker, moths are scarce.
Owing to the shortness of the season, very few species are double-brooded
here, and most of those that are are only partially so, the second brood
consisting of but a few stragglers.
The fauna of this district was practically unknown five or six years
ago, and even now specialists not only differ ‘inter se,” but are often
undecided as to the identity of some of my species even after seeing long
series. The fact of living so far from ‘‘ headquarters,” of course, adds
largely to my difficulty in getting correct names. Many of my names,
therefore, are, and are likely to remain for some time longer, doubtful ;
42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
but where such doubt exists, I have, in the following list, explained the
circumstances as best I can, quoting the authorities who have seen my
specimens, and, where my own opinion differs from theirs, stating grounds
for my verdict. Breeding from the egg would doubtless clear up many
doubts, as well as cause many surprises, but, unfortunately, I have never
been able to spare the necessary time and attention for such useful
experiments. It is also much to my regret that I have never been able to
spend much time collecting after the middle of July. On this account I
am very poorly represented in some obscure species, notably in the genus
Argynnis. This is the more unfortunate by reason of some of the
representatives of that genus here in the West being very difficult to place.
My thanks are due to Prof. J. B. Smith, who has done all in his power to
assist me in naming my Noctuide ; also to Messrs. Elwes,W. H. Edwards,
Drs. Ottolengui, Fletcher, Skinner, Holland, and others who have from
time to time named specimens for me. Mr. Bean worked the Laggan
district for several years, in the mountains near the western boundary of
Alberta, and a few of my records are on his authority. Mr. Sanson, of
Banff Museum, and Mr. P. B. Gregson, of Lacombe, about a hundred
miles north of Calgary, have also kindly assisted with supplementary
lists.
(To be continued.)
ON SOME DIPTERA BRED FROM COW-MANURE.
BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.
In the summer of 1889, while engaged in an investigation of the
habits and life-history of the horn fly of cattle (Yaematobia serrata), the
writer at various times brought to Washington from different points in
Virginia, large quantities of cow-manure collected in the field, and eventu-
ally succeeded in working out the complete life-history of the horn fly, as
displayed in Insect Life, Vol. II., No. 4, October, 1889. In this article
the statement is made, in concluding, that the observations were greatly
hindered and rendered difficult by the fact that fresh cow-dung is the
nidus for a number of species of Diptera, some about the same size and
general appearance as the horn fly, and that no less than twenty distinct
species of flies had been reared from horse- and cow-dung, mainly the
latter, and six species of parasitic insects as well. The plan finally
adopted of securing the isolation of the horn flies was to remove the eggs
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43
from the surface of the dung and place them with dung which was
absolutely fresh and collected practically as it fell from the cow. A
report upon the other species was promised, but was never published,
although Professor Riley, in his report for 1890, listed eight parasites, only
two of which were specifically determined.
The writer's recent investigations of the insect fauna of human excre-
ment (Proc. Wash. Acad. of Sciences, Vol. II., pp. 541-604—Dec. 28,
1900) aroused his interest in the general subject of coprophagous insects,
and the flies reared in 1889-90, from cow-dung, were looked up and have
been named by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. The list is so interesting that it
should be recorded. It will be noticed that several of the species are
identical with those found breeding in human excrement. These are:
Sarcophaga incerta, Helicobia quadrisetosa, Musca domestica, Morellia
micans, Myospila meditabunda, Ophyra leucostoma, Sepsis violacea,
Sphaerocera subsultans and Limosina albipennis. The rearing of Cerato-
pogon specularis from cow-dung is of especial interest, since, down to the
record inthe Washington Academy paper just referred to, no insects of
this genus had been found to be coprophagous. Some of the other
records are interesting for the same reason. ‘The list follows :
Family CECIDOMYID&.
Diplosis, sp. Issued Dec. 26, 1889; and Jan. 18, 1890 ; 4 specimens.
Family MycEroPpHILipD&.
Sciara, sp. Issued March 26 and 29, 1890; 2 specimens.
Family CHIRONOMID&.
Camptocladius byssinus, Schrank. Issued Jan. 2, 1890. Issued Dec.
31, 1889; and March 25, 1890; 9 specimens.
Camptocladius minimus, Meigen. Issued Dec. 23, 26, 27, 30 and 31,
1889 ; and Jan. 13, 18, and March 25, 1890; 12 specimens.
Ceratopogon specularis, Coq. Issued August 28, 1889. Issued Dec.
30, 1889 ; 6 specimens.
Psychoda minuta, Banks. Issued Dec. 26, 30 and 31, 1889; and Jan.
11, 1890; 4 Specimens.
Family RHYPH!ID&.
Rhyphus punctatus, Fabr. Issued Sept. 2, 3 and 4, 1889. Issued
Jan. 13, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 29, Feb. 1, March 26 and 2g, and
April 5 and 9, 1890; 64 specimens.
Family SARCOPHAGIDA.
Sarcophaga incerta, Walker. Issued Aug. 31, 1889. Issued Aug. 30,
1889 ; 7 specimens,
44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Sarcophaga, sp. Issued April 23, 1890; 1 specimen.
Flelicobta quadrisetosa, Coq. Issued Aug. 6 and 30, 1889; 2 speci-
mens.
Pollenia rudis, Fabr. Issued Dec. 23, 1889 ; 1 specimen.
Family Muscip&.
Musca domestica, anne. Issued Aug. 30 and Sept. 2 and 4, 1889 ; 20
specimens.
Morellia micans, Macq. Issued Aug. 30, 1899. Issued Dec. 23, 26,
27, 28, 30 and 31, 1889; Jan. 2, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 17,
18, 20, 25 and 27, Feb. 1, March 25, April 5 and 9, 1890; 125 speci-
mens. .
Myospila meditabunda, Fabr. Issued Aug. 26, 28, 29, 30, Dec. 23, 1889;
Jan. 9, March 25, 26, April 2, 9, 14, 15, 1890. Issued April 5,
1890; 48 specimens.
Hematobia serrata, Desv. Sept. 17; 2 specimens.
Family ANTHOMYID.
Hydrotaa armipes, Fallen. Issued Sept. 27, 30, Oct. 4, 1889 ; Jan. 2, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, April 24, 1890; 38 specimens.
Fyetodesia umbratica, Meigen. Issued Feb. 13, 21, April 2, 9, 14, 15,
1890.
Ophyra leucostoma, \Vied. Issued Sept. 6, 1889 ; 11 specimens.
Limnophora, sp. Issued Aug. 30, 31, 1889; 5 specimens.
Cenosia lata, Walker. Issued April 25, 1890; 1 specimen.
Caenosia favicoxe, Stein. Issued Aug. 31, 1889 ; 4 specimens.
Phorbia, sp. Issued March 29, 1890; t specimen.
Family SEPSID&.
Sepsis violacea, Meigen. Issued Aug. 28, 1889 ; 8 specimens.
Family BoRBoRID&,
Spherocera subsultans, Fabr. Issued Aug. 30, 1889 ; 7 specimens.
Limosina albipennis, Rondani. Issued August 28, Dec. 23, 1889; 2
specimens.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
I desire to publicly express the deep indebtedness of the Entomolog-
ical Society of Ontario to O. C. Poling, Esq., of Quincy, Ill., for his
generous gift to its exotic collection, of a box of mounted butterflies in
prime condition, numbering 50 specimens of 30 named species and
varieties, many of them being exquisitely beautiful forms.
J. Atston Morrat, Curator,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45
PACIFIC REGION.
BY E. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLO.
( Continued from page rz.)
EuTettrx MILDRED, n. sp.
Form and general appearance of pz/che//a ; colour pattern of scaber,
but with extra markings, and different colours on pronotum and elytra.
Length, 5.5 mm. ; width, 1.75 mm.
Vertex slightly angularly rounded, transversely depressed before the
apex; front as in scader, the margin between front and vertex more strongly
produced. Pronotum slightly angularly rounding anteriorly, much more
so than in scader ; lateral angles scarcely apparent, rounding from eye;
pronotum and scutellum convex, elevated.
Colour: vertex orange yellow, paler at base ; scutellum orange, the
basal angles and the margins at apex irrorate with fuscous. Pro-
notum dirty white, some black spots next the eves; disc irrorate,
pale olive brown, omitting an oval spot on the posterior disc
on either side and the median line. Elytra milk white, with black
margined areas of olive brown, as follows: All of clavus except a
semicircular spot at base and another at middle of claval suture ; an
oblique band on corium, beyond this spot narrowing tothe costa. There
are three pairs of black spots along the sutural margin of clavus, the apical
pair largest. The claval suture between the white spots, and the anterior
and costal margins of the oblique band, heavily black. Inner apical cells
and a few spots on costa irrorate with black. Face orange, a black spot
on outer angle of either lora. Below pale yellow and fuscous.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female about twice the
length of the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly, slightly rounding,
the median third produced in two rounding lobes; the notch between
them not as deep as their length, the lobes usually black ; male valve
obtusely triangular, a little over half the length of the ultimate segment ;
plates long triangular, about three times the length of the valve, the apex
attenuate, filamentous, together with the margin clothed with long silky
hairs.
Described from three females from Colorado Springs, taken by the
author, and fourteen examples of both sexes from Manitou, collected by
Prof. Van Duzee. This is one of the prettiest Jassids that I have ever
seen, and I take pleasure in naming it after my wife, whose careful drawings
will add much to the value of my future synoptic work.
46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
KUTETTIX PERELEGANTIS, N. sp.
Form and colour pattern of A/7/drede, slightly smaller and darker.
Length, 5 mm. ; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex slightly more angular than in J/7/drede, distinctly longer on
middle than against eye, transversely depressed ; front narrower than in
Mildrede, not rounding in to the clypeus. Pronotum not as convex, the
posterior margin scarcely emarginate.
Colour : vertex pale creamy, six equidistant, pale fulvous spots on
margin, basal half sparsely irrorated with pale fulvous. Pronotum dirty
white, heavily marked with black behind the eyes ; a broad parellel mar-
gined stripe on either side the median line, olive brown. Scutellum
brownish fuscous, irrorate with pale, a small spot at apex, a pair of larger
quadrangular ones on lateral margins back of the suture, and a minute one
at each basal angle, milk white. Elytra, colour and pattern as in JZ7/-
drede. Face dirty white spots on lore as in the former species. Below
fuscous and pale.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female over twice the
length of the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly rounding, the
median fourth roundingly emarginate one-fourth the depth, with a stout
median tooth often bidentate at the apex ; male valve obtusely triangular,
the apex roundingly truncate, trilobate ; plates three times the length of
the valve, long triangular, the apex acute, filamentous, margins with silky
hairs.
Described from five females and one male from Salida, Ridgway and
Durango, Colo, Readily separated trom J/7/drede by the colour pattern
of the vertex, pronotum and scutellum, and the distinct female segment.
EUTETTIX SAUCIA, DN. Sp.
Form and general appearance of scaver, smaller and paler, the vertex
mostly pale. Length, 4.5 mm. ; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex longer, narrower and more angulated than in scader; face
narrower above, longer than its basal width, rounding to the clypeus.
The pronotum broadly and evenly rounding in front, truncate behind,
almost twice the length of the vertex.
Colour: vertex pale yellow, six minute points on anterior margin
and three irregular irrorate patches on posterior margin brownish fuscous.
Pronotum white, coarsely irrorate with dull brown except a narrow lateral
margin and traces of three pale lines. Scutellum more finely irrorate,
three ivory white points in a triangle beyond the transverse line. Elytra
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47
milky white, closely and finely irrorate with dull brown, as follows: All of
clavus except a narrow strip along basal two-thirds of claval suture, once
or twice interrupted and broadened at the end; a rather narrow oblique
strip across corium beyond this and some irregular markings towards the
apex, which form two definite spots on the costa. Two pairs of pale
spots along the sutural margin of clavus. Face pale yellow, below pale
and fuscous.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female nearly twice
longer than penultimate, the posterior margin nearly truncate from the
rounding angles, with two triangular, slightly protruding, median teeth ;
male valve very obtusely triangular ; plates long triangular, their apices
attenuate, black, clothed with fine silky hair.
Described from a pair from Denver, a male from Fort Collins, Colo.,
and another from Tucson, Ariz. This species is closely allied to scaber,
from which the longer vertex, smaller form, lighter colour and absence of
distinct band on vertex will easily distinguish it.
EUTETTIX SCITULA, N. sp.
Resembling semnuda, but with the pronotum darkened up. Length,
5-5 mm.; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex almost parallel margined, twice wider than long, half the
length of the pronotum, strongly depressed. Front rather flat, its length
and breadth about equal. Pronotum long, its lateral angles distinct, disc
but feebly convex.
Colour: vertex pale creamy yellow, six pale fulvous spots along the
anterior margin, sometimes a pair of spots near eyes on basal half.
Pronotum dull white, coarsely irrorate with dark fulvous, omitting the pale
yellow anterior margin. Traces of three pale stripes. Scutellum pale, the
fine dark brown irrorations usually heaviest in a spot just within the basal
angles on either side, and another behind the transverse suture. Three
spots in a triangle on apical half ivory white; posterior disc light. Elytra
milky white, a few coarse brown irrorations along the humeral and sutural
margins before the middle, a transverse band behind the middle as in
seminuda, but darker brown, and some irregular infuscations towards
apex. Face and below pale yellow, pale fuscous arcs on front.
Genitalia; ultimate ventral segment of female twice the length of
penultimate, the posterior margin slightly rounding, with two small round-
ingly angular, median teeth ; male valve obtusely triangular; plates long
triangular, their apices attenuate, infuscate,
48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Described from numerous specimens from Fort Collins, Pueblo,
Salida and Grand Junction, Colo. This species is most closely related to
seminuda, but the genitalia and pronotal band will at once distinguish it.
IXUTETTIX PULLATA, N. Sp.
Form and general appearance of scz¢u/a, but darker, approaching
perelegantis in shade, but lacking the definite pattern of that species.
Length, 5.5 mm. ; width, 1.5 mm.
Vertex two and one-half times wider than long, half the length of the
pronotum, transverse depression very shallow, front broad and flat.
Pronotum rather flat, scutellum transversely depressed, the apex swollen,
elevated.
Colour: vertex white or pale yellow, a narrow fuscous line just in
front of eyes, in front of which are four dots, and behind which are three
large irregular, sometimes confluent, irrorate patches. Pronotum light,
coarsely and somewhat sparseiy irrorate with brown. Scutellum with a
brownish fuscous patch just within each corner, disc pale or orange yellow.
Elytral pattern as in se/¢u/a, but broader and darker; clavus entirely
reticulated except for two transverse bands, one at base and a broader,
interrupted one before the middle, the white area of the corium with afew
dots or reticulations.
Genitalia : ultimate ventral segment of female three times the length
of the penultimate, the posterior margin broadly rounding, the median
fourth triangularly excavated, the apex of this excavation broad, rounding
or bidentate; male genitalia as in sc/¢uZa, valve obtuse, plates long
triangular, the margins straight, tips attenuate,
Described from eighteen specimens from Manitou (Van Duzee), and
five from Colorado Springs and Salida, Colo., by the author.
EUTETTIX MUNDA, 0. sp.
Form of jwcunda, Ubler, longer and redder. Resembling costamac-
ulata, Van D., but with the costa reticulate. Length, 2? 6 mm., ¢ 5 mm.;
width, 1.75 mm.
Vertex sloping, transversely depressed, parallel margined, three times
wider than long, two-fifths the pronotal length; front longer than its basal
width, the margins evenly narrowing to the clypeus. Elytra broad, much
longer than the body, the apices flaring ; venation distinct, the second
cross nervure present, joining the fork of the inner branch of the first
sector in nearly a straight line, the inner continuation of this fork leaving
this line at about the middle.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49
Colour: vertex fulvous, a pair of approximate spots on tip, and
sometimes a spot on either side of disc at base, fuscous. Pronotum pale
olive, somewhat washed with fulvous, the posterior disc omitting the
margins irrorate with testaceous. Scutellum pale, the apex and a point on
each lateral margin ivory white, a pair of spots between these, black, a
large spot just inside either basal angle and a pair of dots on disc testace-
ous. Elytra milky white, reticulated with coarse pigment lines between
the sectors, and washed with brown ; a definite light band at base, widest
on the costa, and a narrower, less definite one across the second cross
nervure, a heavy fuscous spot before the middle of the sutural margin, a
smaller one behind, shut off by a white crescent, and a third at apex of
clavus. Apical cells somewhat infuscate. Face fulvous, below pale fulvous.
Genitalia: ultimate ventral segment of the female over twice the
length of the penultimate, the lateral margins narrowing to the slightly
produced lateral angles, posterior margin between these angles truncate
with a slightly produced, rounding, median lobe. Male valve obtusely
angular, the apex produced, plates broad, slightly concavely narrowing to
an acute point, four times the length of the valve, the apex curving up.
Described from seven females from Palmer Lake, Salida, Ridgway,
Dolores and Durango, Colo., and one from White Mts., N. Mex., from
Prof. Cockerell.
EUTETTIX MANITOU, 0. sp.
Form and general appearance of modesta. Smaller and more dis-
tinctly golden yellow, especially in the male. Length, 9 4.5 mm., ¢
3-75 mm.; width, 9? 1.5 mm., ¢ I mm.
Vertex a trifle over half as long as its basal width, evenly rounding
or very slightly angulate, disc slightly depressed, passage to front more
rounding than in the preceding species. Pronotum more rounding
anteriorly than usual in this genus. Elytra very flaring in the female,
scarcely so in male, venation as in ocw/ea, claval nerves tied together and
to the suture before the middle, central anteapical cell constricted,
usually divided.
Colour: female, vertex pale yellow, a pair of approximate spots at
apex fuscous. Pronotum pale olive washed with golden, omitting about
three pale stripes. Elytra milky, nervures brown, becoming fuscous
before apex and on costa, disc with a testaceous brown cloud which is
interrupted by a narrow, parallel margined, transverse light band just
before the black-tipped clavus and another irregular band before the
50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
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COLLECTING NOTES ON KANSAS COLEOPTERA.—II.
BY W. KNAUS, MCPHERSON, KANSAS.
The past two seasons in Kansas have proved fairly profitable to the
collector of Coleoptera. To the plains collector the ‘ open” season for
successful collecting extends from April rst to October rsth. If he is so
fortunate as to reside beside or near a wooded stream, his ‘“‘open” season
covers the cycle of the months, as winter sifting proves almost as
profitable as collecting during the summer months, especially if he looks
after the small things, and he is not possessed of the genuine collector’s
spirit if he does not look carefully after the minute things in insect life.
My collecting for the past two seasons has been done principally at
McPherson, near Medora, Reno County; at Rago, Kingman County ;
Belvidere, Kiowa County, and at Wallace, in Wallace County; and at
each locality something new develops each season. Wallace is always an
interesting collecting region, and the collector can count on finding some
‘‘oood things.” Here along the clay bluffs south of the Smoky Hill
River, is found during June and July Amdlychila cylindriformis, Sav, the
elephant, in size, of the tiger beetle family. Hidden in holes and burrows
during the day, they emerge at nightfall and seek for food, dining off the
various insects of the region, and themselves proving a dainty morsel
for the predatory skunk. I collected at Wallace on July rith and rath
of this season in company with Nathan Reist, of Lime Rock, Pa., and in
two evening’s work we were so fortunate as to take eleven specimens of
Amdblychila.* They do not move at all rapidly, but if one emerges from
ahole and sees you, it does not take him long to seek protection under
ground. In collecting in the semi-darkness you are liable to be deceived
by the Buffalo cricket and the slow-moving TZenebrionid, Lleodes
Jongicollts, both of which forage at might. I have never taken Amb/ychila
except at Wallace, but my friend, Claude J. Shirk, found a specimen near
the Canadian River, in Hansford County, Texas, the latter part of July.
Another desirable Cvc:ndelid found at Wallace was Cvcindela
pulchra, Say. Some fifty specimens were taken during two days col-
lecting. They were found along and near abandoned or little-travelled
roads on the upland and towards the top of the clay bluffs along the
*Prof. S. W. Williston, of the State University at Lawrence, Kansas, who was one
of the original discoverers of this species at Wallace, tells me that in 1877, while collect-
ing along these bluffs with his brother, he took as many as a hundred specimens in
one night. In recent years, however, they have never been taken in any numbers.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. os |
edge of the Smoky Valley. Another species taken was Cicindela micans,
Fab., the green or more rarely blue variety of punctudata. They mingle
with the punctu/ata in the proportion of about one of mzcans to ten of
punctulata.
Three species of Calosoma were taken: obsoletum, Say, on the
upland ; ¢rzste, Lec., on the bottom land, and /ugudre, Lec., in both
localities. All are crepuscular and hide during the day. Odsoletum were
found under boards, cow chips and weeds during the day, but on the
evening of the second day the sky became overcast about five o’clock and
obsoletum suddenly appeared by the hundreds. One could walk along the
main travelied road and pick them up every few feet.
Collecting in the Smoky Hill, here a shallow, narrow, rapid-running
Stream, fed by springs, two specimens of the comparatively rare
flydrophilus ellipticus, Lec., were taken. Just above the valley, south of
the Smoky at Wallace, the Yucca is abundant. In July the upright stems
bear large seed-pods, and among these seed-pods were taken on July 12th
Over sixty specimens of the beautiful Clerus Spinole, Lec. Their scarlet
bodies were easily discernible, but as they were quick movers in the hot
sunshine, it took dexterous work to capture them. Feeding on these Yucca
pods were numbers of the large biack blister beetles, Epzcauta corvina,
Lec., with an occasional MWacrobasis immaculata, Say.
Quite rare and usually difficult to take, careful work will disclose
each season a few of the handsome Clerus cordifer, Lec. They are
found on thistles, the sage brush and a few other plants. Beating sage
brush and flowering plants enabled us to take a number of Z7irhabda
attenuata, Say. While beating willows for Poectlonota thureura, Say,
numbers of which can be taken each season, I took in July, 1899, a single
specimen of a large Mordellid, Zomoxia bidentata, Say. The same
species has been taken at Onaga, Kansas, by F. F. Crevecceur. Seven
specimens of Cuntharis biguttata, Lec., were found on flowering plants
along the road over the clay bluffs south of the Smoky Hill. The
specimens vary much in size and marking, the spot on each elytron
frequently being obsolete.
But one species of Apion was found at Wallace last season, Apion
varicorne, Smith. It is a common south-west plains species, being taken
at Coolidge, Kansas, and I have received specimens from New Mexico.
The large Curculiontd, Ophryrastes tuberosus, Lec., is taken occasionally,
and QO. vittatus, Say, more commonly. zdadus setosus, Lec., occurs
»
1)2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
rarely, and a single specimen of Avthonomus hirtus, Lec., was taken last
season. Axnthenomus sguamosus, Lec., was taken in numbers in July.
Collecting at McPherson and vicinity last season developed a number
of interesting forms. The first Crcéndelid observed was a purpurea,
Oliv., on February 5th. Several specimens of this, together with a few
graminea, Sch., and numbers of sp/endida, Hentz., were taken in an
abandoned sand pit two miles south-east of McPherson during March
and the first half of April. ‘The same species, but in less numbers, were
found in this locality in September and October. A pair of scuted/aris,
Say, were also taken there the latter part of April. Sp/endida was taken
in all its varied forms. Near this same locality early in June numbers of
the very small Apion tenutrostrum, Sm., were taken feeding on flower
catkins ; and on the leaves of the water dock growing in the pools of a
small creek were found a number of Anchodemus angustus, Lec. The
electric lights of McPherson attract much desirable material. One
specimen of Afenes /ucidula, Dej., was taken in August. During July
and August a few examples of /fel/uomorpha bicolor, Harr., were taken,
and in June and July numbers of Laccophilus g-lineatus, Horn, were
secured, and a less number of /retes sticticus, Linn. A_ half dozen
specimens of Dineutes vittatus, Germ., were taken from the light globes.
The specimens were at least a third larger than Pennsylvania specimens
of this species. elonomus obscurus, Lec., were attracted in large
numbers by the lights during June and July. One or two specimens
each of the A/aterids, Anelastes Druryi, Kirby, and Latrezllet, Lec.,
were taken from the lights late in the season. A rather curious looking
Lampyrid, Phengodes plumosa, Oliv., also occurred in the electric lights
the last season. Of the rare Lachnosternids, inversa, Horn, and U/ke?,
Smith, were taken in June, probably a dozen specimens in the two
species. Late in July two specimens of Polymoechus brevipes, Lec., were
found in the light glob2s, the only time I have ever taken this Scarabzid
in this State. A specimen each of Zenebrionid, Alphitobius piceus, Oliv.,
and Platydema micaus, Horn, were also taken from the lights. Neither
had ever been recorded from the State before. Two specimens of the
comparatively rare J/yodites scaber, Lec., were taken three miles north of
the city in June feeding on flowers. Their striking resemblance to a
Dipteron would cause them to be overlooked. AZacrops humitis, Gyil.,
is not at alla common Curculionid attracted to light, as only a single
specimen was found. Antig,. 45-60;
9, 45-50. Ovip.: 10.5-12 mm.
Rusty or olivaceous above, the face and sides of body greenish. A
well-marked brown, median dorsal band sometimes present, bordered on
each side by a narrow pale line. Sides of abdomen of male sometimes
more or less infuscated. Abdomen of young marked with a conspicuous,
broad, median fuscous band.
Twelve 6, fifteen 2, two young, Aug. 15-Sept. 5, Hastings, Fla.
(Brown); 1 2, Sandford, Fla., G. B. Frazer (Scudder).
Scuderia cuneata, sp. nov.—In dorsal view the anal segment of the
male resembling that of /wzrcata (see Scudder, Proc. A.A.A.S., 1898, fig.
8), but with the excavation at apex deeper, twice as deep as its middle
width, the sides sub-parallel or slightly approximated distally from the
middle, convergent to a very bluntly rounded apex at base of furcation ;
limbs of the furcula relatively slender, slightly approximate at tip,
obliquely depressed. In lateral view similar to AZex‘cana, but with the
furcula narrow and sub-acute at tip and the subapical flanges appearing
as if truncate, the emargination reduced to a shallow excavation, the
outline of the apex as a whole roughly cuneate. Sub-genital plate
reaching tip of anal segment, strongly arcuate, rather slender.
Pronotum with parallel sides and distinct lateral canthi. Posterior
femora spinulose, the spines three in number on outer, six on inner edge,
very small, black. Tegmina long and narrow, apex rounded.
Body: 4,22: Post. fem:: 25. Tep.: goxs.5. Wines pass teg.2 6.
Abs 45 Tai.
Green. Antenne, tarsi and apices of tibia of anterior and middle
legs, dorsal margin of tibia opposite sense organ, and lateral canthi of
pronotum, rufo-flavescent, palest on pronotum, darkest on tarsi. Posterior
tarsi and apical seven-eighths of tibiz infuscated.
One ¢, Alabama (Baker).
Flesperotettix Floridensis, sp. nov.— Resembling AZ speciosus (from
which it is readily distinguished by the shorter tegmina), but rather
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131
smaller, the pronotum more finely rugulose, the mid-carina less pro-
nounced and nearly or quite obsolete on the prozona. Tegmina ovate,
about two-thirds as long as wide. Furcula variable, consisting usually of
a pair of minute rounded lobes nearly as wide and long as the width of
last dorsal segment at their base, but sometimes obsolete. Cerci
resembling those of sfeciosus, but more finely pointed, twice as long as
their width at base, the basal three-fifths tapering evenly, the distal two-
fifths equal, acutely pointed, straight or a little incurved. Female with
both valves of the ovipositor slender, their ento-horizontal contours
relatively straight, and both dorsal and ventral scoops elongate.
Body Gu) L75-20s, 24 24530." | Post, fem: oy bis5=13 5° 2, 15>
HO) Mees 465-07 (2. 5=7. Anti? ¢, 9, 8=Lomm,
Grass-green, yellowish beneath, with more or less rufous on the
anterior faces of the anterior and middle femora and the dorsal carina of
the external face of the posterior femora. Posterior tibiz bluish-green.
Fourteen 4, four ?, Aug. 15-28, Hastings, Fla. (Brown).
The following key may be added to that of Scudder—Rev. Melanopli,
p. 57—under A’:
b'. Tegmina elongate, two to five times as long as broad, roundly acu-
MM Men UGE UNDER eee ie ceil aia ep Ons a eed ae LT, spectosus.
b*. Tegmina ovate, at most one and one-half times as long as
SVL Ges rome yee acy rea eee Os ee sash hw aa saa Hf. Floridensts.
CANNIBALISM AMONG CATERPILLARS.
The following interesting notes upon this subject are taken from a
paper recently received from Mr. L. de Nicéville, of Calcutta* :
“ The larve of many kinds of butterflies will, when they cannot get
vegetable food, eat each other or soft, newly-formed pupx. Mr. Bell has
found that the greatest cannibals in this respect are the larvee of certain
Lycenidze, and the worst among these, again, are the larvee of Zestus chry-
somadius, Hubnu., for these will at times, even when plentifully supplied
with their proper vegetable food, eat any larvee which may be in a fit state
to be eaten; ¢.¢., which are either on the point of casting their skins, have
just cast them, or are just going to pupate. The Lycwnid larve, which
*** The Food-plants of the Butterflies of the Kanara District of the Bombay Presi-
dency, with a revision of the Species of Butterflies there Occurring” ; by Lionel de
Niceville, F. E. S., etc. Reprinted from the Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal, Vol,
LXIX., Part ij., No. 2, 1900, pp. 187-278,
132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
are most addicted, after that of Z cArysomal/us, are those of the Amb/y-
podia and Zajuria groups, those of Arrhopala and Napa/a being nearly as
bad. He has known one larva of Zajuria cippus, Kabr., to eat up overa
dozen young ones of its own species. In Kashmir Mr. Bell bred a single
imago of //ysudra selira, Moore, from a larva which had been reared on
the dead leaves and flowers of its food-plant, /na@igofera atropurpurea,
Hamilt. (Natural Order Leguminosz), together with several newly-formed
pupee of its own species. The imago was a very fine, large specimen, so
that the insect diet evidently agreed with the larva. Mr. Bell particularly
noticed this fact, as in all his previous experience he had been led to the
conclusion that a cannabal diet was bad for the stomachs of the larvee
practising the habit of eating up their fellows, as they, as a general rule,
have not been healthy, and have died before pupating.
‘The tendency to cannibalism is not confined to the Zycenide, but
exists also amongst the Prerin@ ; the larvee of Appias will eat each other
and any other species of larva feeding on the same food-plant as them-
selves, if forced to it by hunger. He has seen the larve of Appias liby-
thea, ¥abr., and A. taprobana, Moore, eat freshly-formed pup of their
own species, as well as larva changing their skins, and also the larvie and
pup of Leftosia xiphia, Fabr. Some of the caterpillars of the Danaine
will, when food is not to be had, eat individuals of their own species.
«Mr. Bell has never known a larva to eat another larva feeding on
a food-plant of a species different from its own, so it is probable that all
larve taste strongly of the plant they feed on, and it is also probable that
cannibal larvee are hardly conscious that they are eating up each other,
being only guided to their proper food by the sense of taste, or possibly to
a less extent by the sense of smell. None of the larve of the Satyrzne,
Elymniine, Amathustine, Acreine, Nymphaline, Libytheine, Nemeobtine,
Papilionine® or Hespertide have been found by Mr. Bell to eat anything
but vegetable food. All rhopalocerous larvie, however, with but very few
exceptions, eat their own cast-off skins while these are still softand moist;
and the young larve on emerging from the egg will almost invariably,
under normal conditions, make their first meal off the empty egg-shell.
He notes that all the butterfly larvee he has bred change their skins five
*The larve of Papilio philenor, Linn., whose food-plant is Ar7stolochia sipho,
have been known to devour their comrades in captivity when supplies ran short,— Ep,
9
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133
ON SOME BEES OF THE GENUS AUGOCHLORA.
BY E. S. G. TITUS, FORT COLLINS, COLO.
Augochlora Coloradensis, n. sp. (subg. Augochlora ).
?.—Green, often tinged with purple; face finely and confluently
punctured above the base of the antenne, more coarsely, confluently so
below, supraclypeal space sometimes not confluently punctured ; clypeus
with large punctures, black at tip ; basal process of labrum subquadrate,
broadly rounded, rufopiceous ; mandibles black, rufous at tips; antenne
black, flagellum near the tip fulvotestaceous beneath ; striation of the disc
of the metathorax reaching to the summit, posterior truncation rounded
above, lateral portions rounded, truncation not shining, rugosely punctured ;
tegule, often with a black dot in the centre, stigma and nervures
testaceous ; legs piceous, femora and tibiz sometimes with a greenish
cast, knees testaceous, tips of tarsi generally inclined to rufous ; hind
tibial spurs of posterior leg finely serrated ; abdomen shining, polished,
finely punctured ; ventral segments black ; Azdescence of face, sides of
thorax, tarsi partly, and abdomen, whitish ; scutellum and first dorsa]
abdominal segments very fine and short, margins of segments fringed with
white hairs; hair on tarsi often inclined to be rufous. Length, 6-7 mm.
g.—Green ; clypeus sometimes confluently punctured, slightly
produced, anterior edge of clypeus and posterior portion of labrum white,
labrum polished, testaceous anteriorly, slightly notched at tip ; mandibles
black at base, yellowish in middle and distinctly rufous at tips; antenne
black, flagellum, except last joint, yellowish testaceous beneath ; thorax
finely closely punctured, with the impressed lateral and central longitudinal
lines smooth and distinct; striation of disc of metathorax as in female ;
posterior truncation distinctly bounded by carina; groove shallow ;
tegule, stigma and nervures testaceous, wings hyaline; legs green, knees
testaceous, anterior tibiz with the green restricted to a line posteriorly,
two posterior pairs of tibiz at the tips, and all the tarsi, darker toward
tips, yellowish testaceous ; abdomen shining, rather closely and finely
punctured, apical portion of first segment somewhat constricted ; ventral
segments black, fourth widely emarginate ; face, clypeus, cheeks, scutellum,
legs and abdomen dorsally, sparsely clothed with whitish pubescence,
ventral segments with fine short sparse white pubescence. Length, 5-6 mm.
Described from numerous females: Ft. Collins (5,000 ft.) and
Boulder in May and June, Ft. Lupton (4,500 ft.) in July ; and two males
134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
on Aster commutatus at Ft. Collins, Colo., August 29. Females were
taken on /le/ianthus annuus and Malvastrum coccineum.
A specimen from Ft. Lupton, Colo., has the second submarginal cells
very narrow and also narrowed above; and one of the male specimens
has the second submarginal cell in the left wing petiolate, the first and
second transverse nervures being coalescent for one-third of their length
above, the first recurrent nervure entering the second submarginal cell
near the middle in both wings.
This species is closely related to A. pura, Say, A. similis, Robt., and
A. confusa, Robt. ; but seems to be easily separated from the descriptions
of either of them. I have an Augochlora from Mr. E. P. Van Duzee,
taken at Colden, N. Y., which answers to the description of pura, Say.
A. Coloradensis may be separated from A. pura, Say, by colour of
thoracic pubescence, base of mandibles with no green spot, abdominal
segments never margined with black ; from 4. confusa, Robt., by the less
metallic tibize and tarsi; from A. sémzdis, Robt., by the pure green colour,
abdominal segments not at all testaceous. Although near A. neglectuda,
CkIL., it is a narrower species and also differs in colour and pubescence.
I possess two specimens from Elmdale, Mich., that I believe are referable
to A. similis, Robt.
Augochlora neglectula, Ckll. (subg. Augochlora ).
A. neglectula, Ckll. Bull. 24, N. Mex. Agrl. Stat., Aug., 1897, p. 43.
Two female specimens: Ft. Collins, Oct. 17, and Greeley, Sept. 17.
The former was taken on C&rysopsis villosus. ‘This is a bluer species
than 4. Coloradensis, and the flagellum of the antenne is uniformly paler.
There are New Mexico specimens in our collection presented by Prof.
Cockerell.
Augochlora humeralis, Patton (subg. Augochloropsis, Ckll.).
A. humeralis, Patton. Bull. U. S. Geog. Surv., 1879, p. 365, n- 39.
Ashmead, Bull. 1, Colo. Biol. Assoc., 1890, p. 31.
This species has been recorded from the State, but I have seen no
specimens from Colorado that I can refer to it. Specimens from Onago,
Ks., (F. F. Crevecoeur) answer to Patton’s descriptions. Mr. Ashmead
very kindly examined specimens in the U.S. N.M. of A. Aumeradis, Patt.,
marked “ N. W. Kans., Williston,” and writes me that the hind spur of the
hind tibiz of the @ has but ¢#ree spines.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135
Augochlora cleomis, n. sp. (sub. Augochloropsis, Ck\L). Fig. 6.
?.—Blue-green ; face above antennz very finely confluently punc-
tured, below antennz more coarsely so; clypeus black at tip, punctures
Fic. 6.-—a Hind tibial spur of 4. cleomis, female.
6 Hind tibial spur of A. cw@ru/ea, female.
c Fourth ventral segment of A. cleomzs, male.
large and deep; labrum rufotestaceous ; mandibles black with a green
spot at base, rufous in middle and darker at tips ; antennz black, flagellum
dark rufotestaceous beneath; prothoracic angles sharp, tubercles promi-
nent; mesathorax very closely and finely punctured anteriorly, more
sparsely so posteriorly ; postscutellum with some larger separate punc-
tures ; metathoracic disc roughened, posterior truncation rounded above,
distinctly punctured, lateral angles sharp, median groove shallow ; tegule
green, with a black spot shading into yellowish testaceous on the outer
edges ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma yellowish testaceous, costal
nervure of anterior wings very dark ; anterior and middle femora and all
the tibiz blue-green, posterior femora piceous, all the tarsi testaceous,
hind tibial spur of hind legs with szx spinous processes ; all the tarsi, two
posterior pairs of tibiz and hind femora with dense pale pubescence ;
abdomen closely finely punctured, covered with short pale hairs, apical
margins of first and second segments depressed slightly, fringed with short
pubescence, ventral segments reflecting blue-green, densely pubescent ;
thorax, scutellum, postscutellum, behind tubercles, behind wings, and
along the lateral sides of the posterior truncation with pale ochraceous
pubescence, face clothed with short pale pubescence, cheeks with long
white pubescence, Length, 8 mm,
136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
4.—Resembles the female; clypeus strongly produced, entirely
green ; labrum dark rufopiceous; tlagellum testaceous beneath ; tegulz
with more yellow than in female and with no black spot ; mesothorax
more closely punctured ; legs green, tarsi ye//ow, testaceous at tips, legs
with pale pubescence ; abdomen shining, closely punctured, pubescence
as in female, but the short pale pubescence of the segments is heaviest
near the apical margins of the segments; fourth ventral segments so
produced posteriorly in the middle as to form two deep curves on each
side (see drawing). Length, 9 mm.
Described from a male (Aug. 19) and a female (July 17) taken on
Cleome serratula, in Horsetooth Gulch, near Ft. Collins, at an altitude of
over 7,000 ft.
This species differs from A. humeralis, Patt., as identified by
specimens in the collection here, by the pale ochraceous pubescence,
prothoracic margin not sinuous, posterior truncation not shining, median
groove shallow, legs blue-green, not black beneath, hind tibial spur of
female ; colour of tegulze; and first three ventral segments being green.
The male most resembles 4. fervidus, Smith, but that is described as
having long white hair on the legs, and tarsi pale testaceous with yellow
hair.
Augochlora cerulea, Ashm. (subg. Augochloropsis, Ckll.).
Avapostemon ceruleus, Ashmead. Bull.1, Col. Biol. Assoc.,1890, p. 7.
g.—Entirely blue; pubescence rather dense, short, appressed,
whitish, denser on face, and on apices of first and second abdominal
segments, where it is longer and forms yellowish ochraceous hair-bands ;
face and occiput, excepting clypeus and supraclypeal space, very closely
densely punctured; clypeus with elongate shallow separate punctures,
and slightly produced, hardly truncate at tip, shining ; supraclypeal space
with round separate punctures; face and cheeks with rather long dense
white hairs; mandibles with a green spot at base, rufous in middle and
with darker tips ; only the scape and three joints of the flagellum remain ;
the original description reads: ‘ Antenne ferruginous, blackish above.”
Prothoracic angles sharp, more prolonged than in 4. c/eomis, joining the
prominent green tubercles by a curved line, which is fringed with short
hairs; mesothorax finely closely punctured; scutellum with fine punc-
tures, not very close in centre; postscutellum finely confluently punctured;
disc of metathorax shining, green, punctured, lateral angles sharp, base of
=
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137
metathorax very finely punctured except around the posterior edge and
sides, where the punctures are very few and scattered ; sides of metathorax
finely confluently punctured, base distinctly enclosed ; thorax on sides
and beneath, scutellum, behind tubercles, with medium ochraceous hairs ;
tegule deep blue-green, smooth in centre ; wings hyaline, nervures and
stigma testaceous; legs blue-green, tarsi yellowish testaceous, darker at
tips ; anterior and middle legs fringed with pale pubescence, becoming
somewhat rufous near the tips of the tarsi; posterior legs wanting ;
abdomen dorsally, purple, finely closely punctured, entirely covered with
short pale hairs, four apical segments more densely pubescent ; fourth
ventral segment as in 4. c/eomis, but the curvatures are not nearly so
deep ; first, second and third ventral segments densely, closely punctured,
violet blue, posterior margin of second and third with a triangular space
in the centre, extended narrowly along the sides, smooth and testaceous,
remaining segments black, venter with very short hair. Length, 11 mm.
¢ .—Resembles the male closely ; pubescence dense on sides of face,
cheeks, beneath, and clypeus, behind wings, on scutellum and pleura,
quite dense ;_ thorax closely, finely, partly confluently punctured, pleura
more coarsely so; metathorax with a faint trace of triangle, truncation
shining, punctured ; tegule green with an impunctate wide outer margin ;
legs green, femora darker beneath, tarsi and tibiz piceous, inclined to
ferruginous at tips; anterior and posterior legs and middle tarsi with
dense pale pubescence ; hind spur of hind tibize pectinate with five pointed
spines ; venter piceous, with a decided bluish tinge, margins of segments
testaceous, fringed with hair. Length, 10 mm.
Male taken at Denver, Colorado, by Mr. Horace G. Smith, and is in
Mr. Ashmead’s collection. ‘Through the kindness of Mr. Ashmead, [
have had the type specimen to examine. ‘The female was taken at Ft.
Lupton, Colo., (R. Haynes) and is now first described.
I wish to express my thanks to Prof. Cockerell and Mr. Wm. H.
Ashmead for the many favours I have received from them during the
preparation of this article.
On October 3oth, 1900, at 8.25 a. m., I watched the emergence of
a male Vanessa antiopa from its chrysalis. The temperature was 51°,
with a stiff breeze blowing. The chrysalis was under the ledge of a fence
and had been exposed to several degrees of frost. Several of the same
species emerged during the previous week. A. E. Norris, Montreal.
138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
THREE NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA FROM SOUTH
AFRICA.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Prof. Charles P. Loundsbury, Government Entomologist, of Cape
Town, South Africa, has recently sent to Dr, L. O. Howard, U. S.
Entomologist, a lot of bred parasitic Hymenoptera for names, among
which were found three new species, which, at the request of Dr. Howard,
are characterized below :
Family LVII.—PLAryGAasTERID&.
Genus Allotropa, Forster.
(1) Allotropa Loundsburyi, new species.
¢.—Length, o.g mm. Polished black ; antennz and legs mostly
brown or brown-black, the base of the scape, pedicel, funicle joints r to 4,
trochanters, knees, base of tibie, the tarsi except last joint, and the
petiole of abdomen, yellow. Wings hyaline, entirely veinless, except the
subcostal vein which terminates in a small knob.
The antenne are 8- or g-jointed, depending upon whether the
enlarged antepenultimate joint is counted as a single joint or as two
closely-united joints; funicle joints 1 to 4 much slenderer than the
pedicel or joints 5 and 6 of funicle, the first joint being not quite twice as
long as thick, the second shorter, the first and fourth subequal, sub-
quadrate. The abdomen elongate, conically pointed, about one-third
longer than the head and thorax united, the petiole very short, wider than
long, while the second segment is large and occupies about half of the
whole surface of the abdomen.
3.
but differs in having the antennz distinctly 9-jointed, the joints being
distinctly separated, the flagellum filiform, the joints oblong, with whorls
of sparse long hairs, while the abdomen is oblong oval, not pointed at
apex and not longer than the thorax.
Type.—Cat. No. 5727, U.S. N. M.
Hab.—-Cape Colony, South Africa.
Length, about 0.8 mm. Agrees well in colour with the female,
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius su. on Gorse.
Bred by Prof. Chas. P, Loundsbury, Oct. 22, 1898.
(oe ee |
o-oo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139
The Platygasterids, so far as we know, are parasitic only upon
Dipterous insects, and probably this species will be found to be a
hyperparasite upon a Dipteron infesting the scale insect.
Family LXVII.—Encyrrip&.
Genus Coccidencyrtus, Ashmead.
(2) Coccidencyrtus flavus, new species.
?.—Length, 0.8 mm. Golden yellow; legs yellowish white ;
antennal club brown; eyes brown-black. Wings hyaline, the marginal
vein punctiform, not longer than thick, the postmarginal scarcely longer
than the radius or stigmal vein ; the stigmal vein, although comparatively
short, is fully twice as long as the punctiform marginal vein and
terminates in a little knob.
The flagellum is subclavate, the funicle 6-jointed, the joints sub-
moniliform, increasing in width and size to the club, the first three or four
joints being very small, narrower than the pedicel, the sixth about as wide
as the pedicel, the club stouter, cone-shaped and as long as, or a little
longer than, funicle joints 3 to 6 united.
Type.—Cat. No. 5728, U.S. N. M.
Hab.—Cape Colony, South Africa.
Host.—Rhynch.: Dactylopius sp. on Gorse. (Chas P. Loundsbury.)
Evidently the same thing, only slightly differently coloured, being
more of a brownish yellow, having the sutures of the thoracic sclerites, a
spot on the anterior part of the thorax and a band across the base of the
abdomen, dark brown, but otherwise agreeing structurally ; was bred by
Prof. Loundsbury from a Lichtensza sp. on Pittosporum.
Family LXXI.—EvuLopuHip&.
(3) Zetrastichus prospalta, new species.
- 9.—Length, 0.7 mm. Black (possibly polished, the specimens
being mounted on a slide in balsam, and the sculpture, if any, not being
noticeable) ; face anteriorly and the legs, except the hind femora,
apparently pale yellow ; hind femora brown. Wings hyaline, the tegule
and veins pale yellowish ; the front wings, from base to the origin of the
marginal vein, are wholly hairless, beyond they are closely, finely hairy
and ciliate at margins ; the marginal vein is very slightly longer than the
subcostal, while the stigmal vein is much less than its length,
140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Type.—Cat. No. 5729, U.S. N. M.
Hab.—Outspoorn, South Africa.
Host.—Hym.: Prospalta aurantii, How., infesting a AZyti/aspis sp.
on Salix Capensis.
THE LIFE-HISTORY OF THE GREENHOUSE LEAF-TYER.
(Phlycteenia ferrugalis, Hbn., = Botis Harveyana, Grt.)
BY DR. JAMES FLETCHER AND ARTHUR GIBSON, OTTAWA.
The larve of Phlyctenia ferrugalis, Hbn., have been since 1897
the cause of some loss to roses in the large houses of Mr J. H. Dunlop,
Toronto. References to this occurrence will be found in the Reports of
the Entomologist and Botanist to the Dominion Experimental Farms for
1899 and rgoo.
On the r2th November, 1900, a visit was paid to the above houses by
Mr. Gibson, and specimens of the mature larvie found feeding both on
violets and chrysanthemums were secured, as also some larve in other
stages of development. ‘These all changed to pup, and in due course
the moths appeared, the pupal state lasting from 17 to 20 days.
On the 4th December six moths, which had just emerged (the
whole six within three days), were placed in a muslin bag over a violet
plant. On the 7th December a large number of fresh eggs were
noticed. ‘They were laid on the under side of the leaves, sometimes
singly, in pairs, in rows of 3 or 4, or in clusters of from 3 to 7, placed close
together and overlapping at the edges.
The following notes, describing the egg and larval stages, were made:
Egg.—o.5 mm. in width, round in outline, much flattened, slightly
raised in centre, pearly white, coarsely reticulated, and, from their flattened
appearance, remarkably like those of the Codling Moth. Betore hatching,
the black heads of the young larve are very apparent through the shell.
The eggs which were laid on the 7th December hatched in a warm
office on the 21st December, making the duration of the egg state 14
days.
Stage I.
creamy-white larvee, body bearing long whitish hairs. Head o.2 mm.
wide, rather flattened, horizontal, inclined to be wedge-shaped, large,
deep black, shining, and bearing slender whitish hairs. Mouth-parts pale
brownish. Tubercles on segments piliferous and faintly darker than body,
Length, 2 mm. General appearance, semi-translucent
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 141
the hairs whitish and slender. Skin of body smooth and shining. Tho-
racic feet and prolegs concolorous with body, all bearing short whitish
hairs. After feeding, the colour of the green food contents gives the
young larve a light greenish appearance.
The young larvee feed on the under side of the leaves, and eat little
holes into the soft tissue. When at rest they curl the head and front
segments around to the side of the body, and if disturbed, fall and hang
suspended on silken threads. When settled on a leaf, the young larva
spins a few threads of delicate silk, from one portion of the leaf to
another, feeding and living inside this slight, almost transparent enclosure,
On the 28th December one larva passed the first moult. Before
moulting (a day or so), its colour changed, becoming very pallid. On the
29th December two more larve passed the first moult, and by the
morning of the 31st December, eleven specimens had moulted.
Stage [7.—Length, 2.5 mm. General appearance, shiny, semi-
translucent, creamy larve, with a greenish tint, some specimens whitish ;
after feeding, dorsal surface distinctly green ; body bearing long whitish
hairs. Head 0.27 mm. wide, indented at vertex, rather flattened and
horizontal, and shaped as before, shining, blackish-brown, in some
specimens light brownish mottled with darker spots, margins of clypeus
distinctly darkened, ocelli black, mouth-parts brownish, the face bearing
slender light hairs. Body cylindrical, tapering slightly towards extremities,
segments deeply divided, skin smocth and shining. Green dorsal vessel
distinct, on either side of which are two very faint bands. Tubercles
piliferous, larger and more noticeable than in last stage, the hairs long
and slender. On segment 2 are two distinct black spots, one on each
side, at margin of dorsal area. The thoracic feet and prolegs are
concolorous with ventral surface of body, and bear slender pale hairs.
On the 7th January two larve were swollen and the next day they
passed the second moult. Other specimens moulted on the gth and roth
January.
In this moult, as in the previous one, the cast skin and head remain
united, and look as if the larva had simply shrunk and dried up.
Stage 7//.—Length, 3.5 mm. General appearance, shiny, semi-
translucent, pale green larvz, with a green dorsal vessel and faint stripes
down the back, the body bearing slender whitish hairs. Head 0.4 mm.
wide, shaped as before, deeply indented at vertex, slight furrow between
cheeks, pale brownish-yellow, rather translucent, mottled with brown
142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
blotches, some specimens almost wholly light brown with darker blotches ;
margins of clypeus darkened in some specimens, ocelli black, mouth-parts
brownish, in some examples light reddish, antennz pale, darkened at tips,
hairs on face white, long and slender. Body shaped as before: after
feeding, dark green dorsally, pale ventrally. Piliferous warts large, but
rather indistinct, hairs white, long and slender, skin smooth and shining.
Dorsal vessel dark green, distinct, bordered on each side with two white
bands. On segment 2 are the two distinct black spots as_ before.
Spiracles are very small and faint, and”are joined by an almost impercep-
tible white, hair-like line. Thoracic feet and prolegs concolorous with
ventral surface of body, all bearing slender pale hairs.
On the 14th January three specimens were slightly swollen, and by
the morning of the 15th had passed the third moult.
Stage /V.—Length, 6 mm. The general appearance of the larve in
this stage is the same as in stage III. Head 0.67 mm. wide, small, not
quite as large as segment 2, shaped as before, deeply indented at vertex,
slight furrow between cheeks, honey colour, with pale brownish blotches,
margins of clypeus not so distinctly darkened as before, but slightly
furrowed at sides, mouth-parts pale reddish, antennze honey colour,
darkened towards tps, ocelli black. On lower side of cheek, close to
posterior margin, in line with ocelli, there is a distinct black spot. The
whole face bears slender pale hairs. Body tapers slightly towards
extremities, as before; piliferous warts concolorous with body, each
bearing a single long, slender, whitish hair. Dorsal area dark green,
sides and venter pale green. On segment 2 the two black spots are the
same as before, but now appear as if in a small rounded cavity. Behind
each of these large spots, almost touching them, is a very small black dot.
Segments deeply divided. The dorsal vessel and the double sub-dorsal
band are very distinct in this stage. In some specimens the green space
between the two bands bordering each side of dorsal vessel is suffused
slightly with white. Spiracles whitish, joined by a distinct, slightly wavy,
white line. ‘Thoracic feet and prolegs concolorous with venter, all bearing
a few slender hairs. The thoracic feet have each two blackish dashes
exteriorly. ‘The anal prolegs are extended, giving a bifurcate appearance
to the anal segment.
During stage IV. the larve increased rapidly in size, and consumed
much food, and also spun considerable quantities of silk,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143
On the roth January one larva passed the fourth moult, and others
on the 21st and 22nd January.
Stage V.—The general appearance of the larvee in this stage is the
same as in the last two stages. Length at rest, 11 mm. Head t.o to
1.1 mm. wide, large, about the same width as segment 2, shaped as before,
deeply indented at vertex, and slightly furrowed between cheeks, pale
honey colour, splashed with light brownish angulated blotches, which are
larger than in stage IV., and mostly on cheeks. Mouth-parts pale reddish
brown, antennz pale, darkened at tips, ocelli black. The distinct black
spot on the lower side of cheek, near posterior margin, is not now present,
but close to where it was is a large elongated brownish blotch. Hairs on
face and around mouth-parts pale and slender. Shape and colour of body
as before ; segments not so deeply divided as in last stage. The two
large black spots on segment 2 are as before, as are also the two small
black spots, observed in last stage, close behind these. In some speci-
mens these latter spots are hardly visible, and in a few larve the large
spots appear as if simply expanded slightly posteriorly. The piliferous
warts resemble small swellings, and, being concolorous with body, are
indistinct, unless examined with a lens. The large lateral warts on seg-
ment 2, just above the thoracic feet, bear a few brownish blotches. The
dorsal vessel, the double sub-dorsal band, and the slightly wavy line join-
ing the spiracles, are as before, but are faint on segments 2, 3, 12 and 13.
The spiracles are small and whitish, slightly darkened at edge. The
thoracic feet are concolorous with ventral surface of body, and bear two
blackish-brown dashes exteriorly, prolegs pale; all the feet bear slender
hairs. Anal prolegs divergent. Positicn of tubercles normal, except
that i1 is almost exactly in a line posterior to 1.
When mature, the larve at rest measure 15 mm. long, and when
extended, 18 mm. ~
On the 29th January one larva folded a leaf over, preparatory to
changing to pupa. On the 30th January the folded portion was sealed,
and by the rst February the larva had changed to pupa. Another which
began to spin its cocoon on the 30th January had changed to pupa
by the 2nd February. In the remaining specimens the period covering
the change of the larve to pupe agreed with the above two.
When forming its cocoon, the larva simply folds over a portion of
a leaf, and fastens it with threads of fine white silk, or choosing a central
portion of a leaf, draws down another leaf to serve as a covering, and
144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
then changes to pupa. The cocoon itself is very slight, and is merely a
web or covering of slender threads of white silk.
Pupa.—Length, 8.75 mm.; width at widest part, 2 mm. The wing-
cases and thorax are shiny black, lightly chased with vermiform lines.
The abdomen is dull black, and finely shagreened, the segments trans-
versely wrinkled on dorsum; the folds between the segments are ochrace-
ous. On the thorax are ro rather long, stiff, blunt, rust-red bristles,
curving forward, 5 on each side, and along the dorsum are 2 series of
conspicuous black warts, 1 on each side, each bearing a single, long,
rusty, twisted hair, which first slopes forward and then swings towards the
centre of dorsum, and backwards for 34 of its length. The spiracles are
black, and just above them is a row of small, black, piliferous warts, each
with a single, thin, short hair. ‘The cremaster is prominent, of a dull red
colour, edged with black, and terminates in a bunch of 8 rust-red bristles,
4 on each side, which converge and cross at their tips, forming an arch.
In one specimen the two posterior segments were the same colour as the
cremaster.
The length of the pupal state of these specimens was the same as
that of those moths bred from mature larvee in, and previous to, Novem-
ber, 1900, viz., 17 to 20 days.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF PULVINARIA.
BY GEORGE B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.
Pulvinaria Hunteri, n. sp.—Old, dried and wrinkled female scales,
cream-colour, more or less mottled with patches of red-brown, and the
outer margin practically red-brown. Ovisac clear white, texture as in
innumerabilis, and not so large. The size of the scale, cleared and spread
under cover class, practically hemispherical, is from 6 to 7 mm. in
diameter. The texture of the scale is quite thin and requires little boiling
in caustic potash to make it very clear and colourless. The following
measurements of antennal segments are in micromillimetres :
a a en a a ny a
a ee ae as ee l On maple.
Ao. aoobe | Ge Fo «20; Be. 354 -
oe a ae ie ee: On honey locust.
40 40 68 52 2 24 2 44
Joint 3 is longest, 4 next; there is little difference in the length of 1,
2 and 8, and s, 6 and 7 are nearly equal in length, The first joint has 3
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145
hairs, two short and spine-like and one very long ; the second has 3, two
short and one long ; the third has 1 long hair ; the fifth, 3; the seventh, 2 ;
and the eighth, ro; all of medium length. Legs ordinary, with the coxa,
140; width coxa, 88. Femur with trochanter, 192 ; width trochanter, 60.
Tibia, 160; width, 28. Tarsus, 80; width, 24. Claw, 28. Spines of
the lateral clefts in threes, one very long, not stout, 88 long; two short
and small, 28 long. The large marginal spines are practically the same
as those of zamumerabilis, 36 and 40 long, but in the short, spine-like hairs
of the margin they differ in being placed behind the large spines, whereas
in iwnumerabilis they are in front.
Hab.—On maple at Kansas City, Kansas, (C. H. Swobode,) Col.
auct., at Lawrence; Kansas, on honey locust, Col. S. J. Hunter, after
whom I have the pleasure of naming this species, for the good work he
has done in the publication of his studies in the Coccide of Kansas.
Pulvinaria Hunteri is evidently a native species and very distinct
from any hitherto found in America.
Pulvinaria Ehrhorni, n. sp.— § scales dark brown. Ovisac clear
white, texture as in zznumerabilis, and smaller. The shape of the scales
under cover glass is practically round, although some of the smaller
individuals are somewhat pyriform in shape, 4 and 5!4 mm. in diameter.
After prolonged boiling in caustic potash, the derm is strongly stained
with brown ; texture tough and thick. Gland pits numerous, of two sizes.
Margin spines thin, sharp and inclined to be curved at their end, those of
the area at the posterior cleft longest, 44 long, while those anteriorly are
only 24long. Spines of the lateral incisions in threes, one long and stout,
68 in length; two short and stout, 36 long. Anal plates, heart-shaped ;
each plate with three small spines at tip, and three larger bristles on the
outer margin. Front leg: Coxa, 120; femur, with trochanter, 220 ;
tibia, 128; tarsus, 88; claw, 28 long. Width: Coxa, 120; trochanter,
64; tibia, 32; tarsus, 24; with one long stout bristle on the coxa, and
one on the femur, with two shorter ones on the trochanter. Antenne,
8-jointed : 3 longest, 4 and 5 next, and in some individuals nearly equal ;
I is next, then 8, 6 and 7 are shortest and nearly equal. The first joint
has one long and one short hair ; the second, two long; the third, one ;
the fifth, two; the sixth, one; the seventh, two; and the eighth, nine ;
146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
these all stout, with one very long. ‘The measurements of the several
joints are as follows :
Joint—1 2 4 4 5 6 7 8
52 48 Q2 60 60-48 258 28 4o |
52 40 rake) 56 52 24 24 40
45 40 rexe) 52 60 26 32 44
The approximate formula will be 345128(67). There are a number
of long, thin hairs between the antennie, very variable in length, 136, 80,
56 and go. ‘There are also some short, spine-like hairs.
Hab.—At Mountain View, California, on alder and willow; found
May 3rd, 1899, by Mr. Edw. H. Ehrhorn. It is a very distinct species
and can be separated easily from its nearest American ally, Pye/vinaria
occidentalis, by the antenne. I take pleasure in naming this insect after
Mr. Ehrhorn, in recognition of the fact of his good work done in the
discovery and technical study of the Coccids of California, So far as
known at the present time, this makes the fifteenth species native to the
United States; and P. /untervi is the fourth species tound to infest
maple.
I take this opportunity to record the finding of Dactylopius Kingu,
var. Veo-Mexicana, Tinsley, in nests of ZLas’ws Americanus, Em., at Kast
Las Vegas, New Mexico, by Prof. Cockerell, and also Ripersia flaveola,
CkIl, at Gullinas Canon, New Mexico, by Prof. Cockerell and Mrs.
Wilmatte Cockerell, under a log in the transition zone, altitude about
7,500 feet. ‘he same species was found by Mrs. E. L. Hewett and Mr.
Cockerell at East Las Vegas, N. M., in the nest of Zas‘ws, sp. Hitherto
this species was only known from Massachusetts, from ants’ nests. —G.B.K.
TYPES AND SYNONYMY.
BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, N. J.
Two papers in the last (April) number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLO-
GIsT are of great interest to me, and both on the same general topic
applied to very different species. | Mr. Lyman makes an earnest effort to
save Mr. Walker’s name Sfé/osoma congrua, and gives all the facts
relating to the name, its publication and subsequent history ; upon which |
facts Mr. Lyman and Sir George Hampson reach opposite conclusions, I
have no liking for Mr. Walker’s species, but I think I would side with Mr.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147
Lyman in this case, because, with all the examples before them, Messrs.
Grote and Robinson separated out a good species with which a specimen
of another, previously known, was erroneously associated. By removing
one example, a good species remained, to which the name given by the
author could be correctly applied.
All of us are apt to err in associating examples, and I have
always made it a rule to hold a name if I can do it. So I think Mr.
Lyman correct in this case on his statement of facts, though I had reached
a different conclusion from a somewhat different combination of real and
supposed facts.
On page 122, Dr. Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C., assistant in
charge of the Lepidoptera in the U. S. National Museum, has some
remarks on certain species of Acronycta which are suggestive indeed.
First, he accepts my identification of ¢mpleta with @uteicoma in
so grudging a spirit that he suggests destroying the type—of ¢m/eta,
I presume—‘‘ lest future changes in the synonymy result.” It is to be
assumed that Dr. Dyar wishes to be taken seriously, and in view of the
fact that there are several hundred types in his charge, the suggestion is
unpleasant reading. It is a somewhat startling method of securing
stability of nomenclature !
Without disputing the facts as I stated them, that the type of drumosa,
Gn., directly compared with that of perswasa, Harv., proves them to be
identical, he yet proposes to retain ferswasa, Hary., but to apply the
name drumosa to what we have heretofore considered Zamamelis. In
other words, he desires to apply the name to a totally different species
from that which was in the hands of its describer. ‘That Guenée mixed
up matters in attempting to associate Abbott’s drawings of larvee with the
imagoes, is undoubtedly true, but it was the moth that was described and
named, not the larva.
I am perfectly aware that a species is entirely represented only by all
its stages and both sexes of the adults; but it is nevertheless true that it is
the adult form that receives the name, and when we have the adult to
which the name is applied, we have assumed that we had the court
of ultimate resort by which the validity of the species must be tested. If
we could set that adult aside because the description does not quite fit it,
or because of an error in associating an earlier stage with the type,
we might just as well abandon the effort to fix a type. And why should
the U. S. National Museum desire types under such circumstances? If
148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
its official representative refuses to recognize the application of type labels
to the specimens with which they are associated in the British Museum,
why should anyone else give greater credit to similar labels in_ the
U. S. National Museum ?
Dr. Dyar is not even consistent: it rather suits him to restore
the term c/arescens to the form which Mr. Grote originally and cor-
rectly so identified, though the description applies so much better to
haesitata that I felt myself entirely safe in following Mr. Butler’s reference
of the name to the latter species. But because Aamame/ts, as applied to
the form afterwards named af/icta by Mr. Grote, does not agree with his
preferences, he suggests its application to what Mr. Grote named szdbochrea,
because the description better suits that form.
The question narrows itself to this: Which is the court of final resort,
the type specimen which the author named and intended to describe, or the
description which, if it does not apply to the specimen it was made for, may
apply to nothing at all ?
In reference to the vav. b of drumosa, Dr. Dyar is correct in saying it
is not described ; but Guenée evidently received additional information
and perhaps specimens after writing the original description, for he refers
again to the species on p. 390 of the 3rd volume of the Moctuelites,
without adding to or changing the characterization of the adult.
Mr. Walker is not particularly good authority, but it is an indication
at least that he suggested drumosa and hamame/is as sexes of one species;
and Mr. Walker was not famous as a lumper either. Assuming my
suggestions as to synonymy to be correct, Walker’s remark is not so
far out, especially when that vay. ‘“‘b” is considered ; but assuming
Dr. Dyar to be correct, the suggestion becomes ridiculous, because
Walker, ever on the jookout for differences, simply could not have
considered /amame/is, Auct. (not Gn.), as the same as subochrea. The
bare fact is that the specimen which in the British Museum is marked as
the type of hamamedis, Gn., 1s that form which Mr. Grote afterward called
afficta, and that the form to which Dr. Dyar now wishes to apply the name
brumosa was apparently not in Guenée’s hands at all !
The twentieth annual meeting of the Royal Society of Canada
will be held at Ottawa, beginning on ‘Tuesday, May 2tst, under the
Presidency of Mr. Louis Frechette, C. M. G., LL. D.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149
THE AMERICAN BEES OF THE GENUS ANDRENA DE-
SCRIBED BY F. SMITE:
BY REV. F. D. MORICE AND T. D. A. COCKERELL.
(Continued from page 124. )
Andrena fragilis, Smith, 1853.
“This I suspect is the ¢ of integra; area similarly strigose, and
abdomen also corresponds ; tubercle matches also !”
Robertson thought this might be 4. p/atyparia: but, he said, the
description applied even better to sa/écis, and nearly as well
to mandibudaris. It cannot well be sadicis, as that has the
abdomen impunctate; if it is the ¢ of éwtegra, it cannot well
be mandibularis ; it may perhaps be flatypfaria.
Andrena frigida, Smith, 1853.
“(Very near aficata, but hairs of thorax much darker) ? =/apponica;
antenne with very long third joint; tubercle 4 ; area granulated ;
abdomen in style of afzcata.”
Type locality, Nova Scotia. I do not know any similar species.
Andrena fimbriata, Smith, 1853 (Americana, D. T.).
‘© ¢ abdomen rugulose and punctured, clothed with long adpressed
hairs; tubercle slightly emarginate (?); area dull granulose ; 9
ditto. (Very near fuscifes, perhaps identical with it.)” This agrees
with what I had already identified from Smith’s description. It
seems to argree with the description of 4. sémz//ima, Sm., even
better than with that of /wscifes, but I doubt its actual identity
with either.
Andrena hirticeps, Smith, 1853.
Tubercle pointed apparently, hard to see under thick bush of hair
on clypeus ; area obliquely rugose at base only, no raised margin ;
abdomen tessellate, practically impunctate ; apical ventral valve
somewhat bilobed; antennz with article 3 = 4+5 about, all
joints pretty long. Has a good deal the aspect of gwynana.”
This was considered the ¢ of A. vicina, but Robertson (1900) has
come to regard it as a valid species. He further adds: ‘‘ But for
the description of the ¢, I would say that A. errans is the same as
A. hirticeps.” 1 have an Illinois ‘“‘Airticeps,” ¢ , from Mr. Robert-
son, and the abdomen is distinctly punctate at the bases of the
hairs, while the third antennal joint is barely longer than the fifth,
the fourth being a little shorter than either. The apical ventral
omy
150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
valve also is not bilobed. In the female of Robertson’s ‘‘Airticeps,”
the basal process of labrum is low, broad and rounded (semi-
circular, Robertson expresses it), which does not agree with
vicina or errans. Robertson’s insect will therefore need a new
name, as follows :
Andrena Carlini, n. n., Ckll.
Andrena bicolor (not of Fab.), Rob., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XVIIL., 51.
Andrena vicina (not of Sm.), Rob., Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., XXII., 118.
Andrena hirticeps (not of Sm.), Rob., Trans. Acad. Sci., St. Louis,
Per As
The true 4. Airticeps is a northern species, from Hudson’s Bay.
A. Carlini is from Illinois; type locality, Carlinville. It also
occurs In Kansas, N. Y. and N. M. (see below).
Andrena algida, Smith, 1853.
6. ‘Tubercle truncate; apical ventral valve Q; antennal joint 3
about =5, slightly longer than 4; area (longitudinally) somewhat
rugose ; abdomen tessellate and also delicately punctured.” Type
locality, Hudson’s Bay. The ¢ is rather suggestive of Car/ini,
except as to the tubercle.
The ? described by Smith is not at all like Car/inz.
Andrena nubecula, Smith, 1853.
Q. Tubercle emarginate; area shortly rugose at base; abdomen
tessellated, impunctate ; a pretty insect, with broad white bands
and pale reddish-yellow apex; antennal article 3 scarcely =4+5
(cf. proxima or dorsata).” ‘* Wings remarkably clouded.”
I have this from Lincoln, Nebraska, collected in August and
September, sent by Prof. L. Bruner (No. 12). Smith’s description
of the abdomen is inaccurate as regards the punctuation.
Anadrena obscuripennis, Smith, 1853.
@. “Tubercle convexly truncate; abdomen closely punctured ; area
bordered with raised ridge, rugose but not very largely so, and
laterally only granulated ; wings beautiful violet ; pilosity rich red
(large grand species).” ‘Type locality, Georgia. This has some
resemblance to A. Had/:7, but 1s quite distinct.
Andrena perplexa, Smith, 1853.
?. ‘Tubercle truncate ; area seems nearly smooth, but dull, with fine
close tessellations ; abdominal segments smooth and _ closely
punctured, except towards their apices, which are rugulose.” Type
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151
oi
oa
locality. Georgia. This is evidently different from any species
I have seen.
Andrena nivalis, Smith, 1853.
“ Tubercle /~ \ ; antennal joint 3 longer than 4+5 ; area rugose at
base; abdomen distinctly punctured, but on an aciculated surface.”
Type locality, Hudson’s Bay. This is very near to A. semirufa,
Ckll., from New Mexico ; possibly it is the same species.
Andrena hilaris, Smith, 1853.
‘* Tubercle of labrum wide, truncate, below its centre a projecting
pencil of golden hairs ; clypeus coarsely punctured, with a smooth
shining carina down its middle ; metathoracic area finely rugulose,
with some coarse short longitudinal strigze at its base ; abdomen
distinctly punctured, its surface also microscopically (hardly
visibly) rugulose ; wings very yellow.” Type locality, Georgia.
Evidently distinct from anything I have before me.
Andrena vicina, Smith, 1853.
¢. Length ‘about 14 mill.; tubercle wide, truncate ; clypeus with wide
On
‘
‘
‘
unpunctured central elevation; area dull rugulose; abdomen finely
rugulose all over, and distinctly but shallowly punctured.” Smith
gives the length as only 5 lines, and says the species closely
resembles 4. z2¢7da. J hardly know what to make of this; the
species referred to wéc/za in American collections has the tubercle
low and rounded, by no means truncate ; also, it does not have the
very shiny, oval abdomen of w7t7da, which species, it may be
remarked, has the tubercle concavely truncate. ) ae : pon os MDC aang 2°. aa:
Scattered over the body are several long thin hairs and short thick
spines. ‘Che gland-pits are not numerous, and are very small. Caudal
tubercles large, round, with two long setz, and several long thin hairs ;
the tubercles are well covered with short, stout, spear-shaped spines.
Young larva: Antenne 6-jointed, measuring as follows: Joint—(1)24
(2)32. (3)40. (4)24. (5)24. (6)68.
Hab.—On an old hawthorn tree near London, Cntario, June, 1900.
Collected by Mr. John Dearness, to whom the insect is dedicated. ‘This
species is allied to P. gossypii and P. helianthi, but differs from both in
the legs being much shorter, and in the colour of the legs and antenne.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181
NEW GENUS INCLUDING TWO NEW SPECIES OF SALDIDZ:.
BY HERBERT OSBORN, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS, OHIO.
SALDOIDA, nov. gen.
Head narrower, eyes nearer together than in Salda, ocelli approxi-
mate, frontal ridge weak, becoming obsolete at base of tylus, bucculz
enlarged ; antenn with the two distal joints incrassate, rostrum as in
Salda, basal joints very thick, second elongate, terminal very slender.
Prothorax bearing two very prominent conical tubercles on anterior lobe,
which is narrow, cylindrical, not carinate anteriorly ; posterior lobe short,
carinate laterally, widening rapidly to humeri.
SALDOIDA SLOSSONI, N. sp.
Hind angle of pronotum obtuse, not produced into a sharp angle or
horn. Light brown, marked with reddish-yellow and black, face testace-
ous. ?—Length to tip of elytra, 3 mm.; width at humeri, scarcely
I mm.
Head obtusely triangular, subcordate, inclined, the part in front of
the eyes nearly equal to eyes in length, very sparsely set with erect hairs ;
eyes large ; vertex narrow, less than width of eye ; ocelli minute, set close
together ; antenne long, joint two longer than one, equal to three, three
much swollen, four equalling one in length, and about half as thick as
three ; rostrum reaching to apex of hind coxz. Prothorax with two very
large, erect, conical tubercles occupying the upper surface of the anterior
lobe ; posterior lobe short, much widened behind, concavely emarginate,
the lateral angles obtusely angulate. Scutellum large, anterior border
convex, surface polished, minutely punctate, apex inflated, highly polished.
Elytral membrane subhyaline, with four cells and a wide margin, wings
reaching to tip of elytra, milky hyaline.
Colour: Vertex black, with margins next eyes red-brown ; face and
rostrum testaceous ; antenne, basal two-thirds of second joint and all of
third fuscous, apex of one and two whitish, fourth yellowish brown, darker
at base and minute tip ; prothoracic tubercles red-brown, posterior lobe
yellowish brown, anterior margin and band back of the tubercles black ;
scutellum black, apex piceous brown ; elytra brown, claval suture and
apical margin of corium black, corium with two triangular whitish spots,
the bases of which merge into the hyaline costa, membrane with fuscous
base and hyaline apex ; beneath black, with throat, pleural pieces, coxz
and legs yellowish brown, darker on disc of coxze, apical portion of femora
182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
and base of tibize, the apex of tibie and last joint of tarsus, fuscous; margin
of last ventral segment whitish,
Described from one specimen (2) from Florida, collected by Mrs.
Annie Trumbull Slosson, to whom it is most respectfully dedicated. This
and the following, which are certainly most exquisite little creatures, have
been in my hands for some years, but publication of the descriptions has
been deferred in hopes that additional material, representing both sexes,
might make more perfect descriptions possible. It seems desirable, how-
ever, that they should not be omitted in a systematic work on the family
such as is now being prepared by Prof. Summers, and hence their publica-
tion at this time.
SALDOIDA CORNUTA, N. sp.
Hind angles of pronotum produced into conspicuous horns. — Black,
marked with brown. @—Length, 2.5 mm.; width at humeri, .75 mm.
Vertex and front minutely gibbous, sparsely set with short appressed
hairs ; ocelli minute, approximate ; antennae with joints one, two and four
nearly equal in length, joint three about one-half longer, and much
swollen, fourth less swollen; rostrum about reaching hind coxee. Conical
tubercles of the pronotum very slightly divergent, otherwise almost pre-
cisely like those of S/osson? in shape; the posterior lobe of pronotum very
short, posterior angles produced into prominent upturned horns, with a
blunt polished tip. Scutellum minutely roughened, becoming smooth at
apex, not inflated. Elytra subhyaline on costa, the membrane rather
coriaceous, with veins obsolete, apparently with three cells and rather
narrow margin. Wings aborted, unless accidentally broken off in this
specimen.
Colour: Vertex, front, third joint of antenne, prothorax except
posterior horns, scutellum, claval sutures and apex of corium, pectus and
base of last ventral segment, black ; clypeus, rostrum, joints one, two and
four of antennze, posterior horns of pronotum, coxz and apices of femora,
reddish brown; a brown patch on disc of clavus and base of corium, a
whitish oblique spot on corium merging into the hyaline costa. Membrane
deeply infuscated ; the first and fourth joints of antennz are widely
whitish, as also the hind coxe, base of femora and the apical two-thirds
of last ventral segment, the central part of which is transparent, showing
ovipositor clearly.
Described from one specimen (¢@) collected by Mrs. Slosson in
Florida. P
74
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183
AN EXPERIMENT IN THE IMPORTATION OF BENEFICIAL
INSECTS. :
BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.
In the February number of the CaNnap1an Enromo tocist I gave the
results of an experiment in the exportation of a few of our native lady
beetles to South Africa. I now have the pleasure of giving the result of
an experiment in the importation of some South African lady beetles.
March 27th, Mr. C. W. Mally, Assistant Government Entomologist,
sent me several specimens of Hxochomus nigromaculatus, and quite a large
number of two smaller, unnamed species. All of these attack more espe-
cially the Mealy bug, Dacty/opzus, in their native home. he consignment
was made by simply fastening twigs of Oleander very badly affected with
Mealy bug, to the bottom of the box, and putting the lady beetles among
them. The package reached me April 23rd, and, strangely enough, there
were but very few of the specimens that were not alive and active. The
importation was thus an entire success. Mr. Mally writes me that, about
Cape Town, these lady beetles are kept considerably reduced in numbers
by a small Hymenopterous parasite. In releasing the lady beetles, we took
precautions not to allow these parasites to escape, so that the insect, if it
secures a foothold in this country and stands the climate, will have no
natural enemies to hold it in check. In cases like this, and more
especially in the one previously recorded, any permanent establishment of
these insects would be to a certain extent accidental; that is, in the former
case the lady beetles were not sent out to prey upon an insect in South
Africa, whose original home was in America. In the present instance these
lady beetles will probably destroy the Mealy bugs in conservatories, but
it is yet to be determined whether they can withstand the rigours of our
northern climate in the open. Very many injurious species are introduced
and become established in this country through pure accident, and it
would seem that we might expect an occasional instance of this kind to
occur among beneficial insects intentionally introduced ; but the principal
motive in these two transactions has been, not so much with a view of
colonizing these insects in the respective countries, as to secure informa-
tion that would be of service to us in future transactions of this kind.
These experiments cost practically nothing, and through them we
shall be able to get a better idea of the best methods of sending beneficial
insects from one country to another, so that when an opportunity does
184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
occur, where we may feel reasonably sure of success, we shall be in better
shape to send insects of this character in a manner most likely to enable.
them to reach their destination with the least number of fatalities while in
transit. It is by this continually doing something that we are some day
enabled to accomplish much.
THE LINN AN GENUS GRYLLUS—ADDITIONS AND COR-
RECTIONS.
Quite recently I was kindly informed by Mr. 5S. H. Scudder, that in
my paper on the divisions and species of the original genus Gry//us
(Canap. Ent., XXXII., pp. 118-121), I had overlooked the fact that
Fieber’s paper had appeared in Lotos in 1853. With the information
furnished by Mr. Scudder, I examined the work, and found that J7eco-
stethus appeared in the May number, on page 99, and Pachyty/us and
Psophus in the June number, on pages r21 and 122, respectively. This
fact further clinches the Linnean Locusta on Fischer’s Stenobothrus.
The date given for Thunberg’s Gomphocerus is erroneous, and should
be 1815, while the original spelling of Bolivar’s ‘‘ Humbella” is Humbe.
James A. G. Reun, Philadelphia.
ERRATUM.—Page 129, line 15, for “ Ziphidium” read Xiphidium.
Mailed June 3rd, tg9or.
CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXII. PLATE 4.
=.
ioe G “ee ‘
ge | “% |
EGGS AND LARVA OF ALSOPHILA POMETARIA, PECK.
he wanadiay Entomologist.
LONDON, JULY, toot. No. 7
t
Woes XeXexG i.
NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ALSOPHILA POMETARIA,
PECK.
(Fall Cankerworm. )
BY W. E. HINDS, B. S.. ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY OF THE MASSA-
CHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, AMHERST, MASS.
The eggs of this insect were found on a small branch of golden
willow in Beverly, Mass., March 14, 1900, in a nursery, close to fruit
stock of various kinds. The mass, consisting of 220 eggs, was kept at
the temperature of the laboratory, which was considerably higher than
that outside. Notwithstanding this fact, none of the eggs hatched till
April 23, within forty-eight hours of which time, however, all the larvee
had emerged.
Egg (Plate 4, Figs. 1 and 3).—Eggs placed close together in regular
rows, forming a compact mass, in this case about twice as long as broad
and in one layer. Egg about.6 mm. long and .45 mm. broad at top,
which is nearly flat. Just inside the rounded edge of the top a brown
ring encloses an area bright steely gray in colour, and containing a small
brown depression in its centre ; lateral surface of egg and rounded edge
steely gray. Base of egg more rounded than top, and its diameter some-
what less, as the straight sides converge slightly toward the base, giving
to the whole a resemblance to an inverted truncate cone with rounded
basal edge. Eggs laid in an exposed position upon the tree, and quite
firmly cemented together; placed in a somewhat slanting position
lengthwise of the twig, so that the edge of one is a little higher or lower
than the adjacent edge of the next in the row.
Larva.—Emergence—When ready to emerge from the egg, the
tiny larva makes its first meal upon the relatively thinner portion of the
shell constituting the steely-gray area enclosed by the brown ring.
Through the opening thus made in the top of the egg, the young larva
gradually and laboriously works its way out. At this time the head is
the largest segment, the body tapering very slightly from it to the tip of
186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the abdomen. ‘The head and thorax are slowly worked up out of the
shell until the legs can be of some assistance in pulling, after which the
rest of the process is relatively easy and rapid. The length of time
required to emerge after the central area of the shell has been completely
removed varies from thirty minutes to one hour, after which the larva
immediately starts off in search of food.
The larvee were placed upon tender apple leaves, and commenced
feeding at once. A slight jar caused many of them to spin down from
the twig to the table, where they showed a decided tendency to travel
toward the light.
Newly-hatched Larva (Plate 4, Fig. 2).—Length at rest, 1.5 mm.;
width of head, .33 mm ; average diameter of body,.25 mm. Head large,
rounded, nearly as wide as high, ofa uniform yellow colour, darker than
rest of body ; clypeus triangular, marked by brown sutures ; mandibles
tipped with black. Head sparsely clothed with comparatively long,
white hairs having blunt extremities ; antennze comparatively long ; head
free, erect. Body nearly cylindrical, tapering very slightly posteriorly
from head; annulations not very distinct ; segments somewhat shorter
than their diameter ; prolegs present on abdominal segments 7 and to,
with vestiges of a pair upon sixth abdominal segment. Cervical shield
prominent, of same colour as head, and with a light yellow border, which
is set with ten spines (Fig. 7 A). Arrangement of the tubercles, as
Fic 7.—Arrangement of tubercles and spines upon the larva of Anisopteryx pometaria, Harr., first
instar. A:cervical shield on dorsum of prothorax ; A, anterior side; P, posterior side.
B: metathoracic and first abdominal segments ; I.-VII., tubercles and spines, according
to Dyar's classification ; s, spiracle.
shown in Fig. 7 B, differs upon the thorax from that prevailing upon the
abdomen ; tubercles on prothorax and gth and roth abdominal segments
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187
not conforming to either arrangement. Upon meso- and metathorax,
tubercle II. stands laterally close to tubercle I. upon the subdorsal line,
and tubercles III. and IV. stand in similar relation upon the sublateral
line ; other tubercles upon these segments well separated and situated in
nearly the same transverse line ; upon the abdomen, with the exception
of gth and roth segments, tubercles I. and II. stand longitudinally upon
the subdorsal line, II. being slightly further from the dorsal line than L.;
tubercles III., IV. and V. are separated, and form the apices of a
triangle around the spiracle, which, upon the first abdominal segment,
stands very near the centre of this triangle, but upon the other segments
it stands in line with IIT. and IV., and midway between them; thus IV.
is sub-postspiracular, while IIJ. and V. are on the anterior third of the
segment ; tubercles VI. and VII. present.
Stripes much less distinct than in later stages ; dorsal, lateral and
stigmatal stripes brownish gray, apparently due to numerous evenly-
scattered pigment spots in the epidermis; intermediate stripes (sub-
dorsal, sublateral and substigmatal) pale yellow. Stripes irregular in out-
line, of different widths, dorsal stripe widest. Upon the abdomen
tubercles I, and II. stand between the dorsal and subdorsal, III. in the
sublateral, and IV. and V. in the substigmatal stripe ; tubercles light
brown in colour, each bearing a short, white, blunt spine. Stripes
become indistinct during this instar, which lasts four days.
Second Instar.—During the two or three days following the first
moult the average length of larve at rest increases to about 7 mm., while
at the end of this instar the average is about 8 mm.
Segmentation now fairly distinct. Head rounded, colour mottled
light and dark greenish ; mandibles serrate, tipped with reddish brown ;
clypeal sutures distinctly marked ; antennz and palpi tipped with brown.
General colour of body light green, with six longitudinal white
stripes alternating with dark green ones; dorsal stripe dark, broadest
and darkest upon the cervical shield. Tubercles I. and II. stand in
edge of dark dorsal stripe, III. in upper edge of dark stigmatal stripe ;
leg shields with a V-shaped dark marking.
General colour of under surface of abdomen light green. Pair of
vestigial prolegs upon sixth abdominal segment more prominent than in
first instar ; each segment bearing no prolegs furnished with tubercles
VI. and VIL., as in previous instar.
Soon after hatching, the larve were divided into two lots, one of
188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
which was kept under a bell jar, while the other was enclosed in a breed-
ing cage. At the end of the second instar a marked difference was
observed in the rapidity of development of the two lots. All the larvae
confined beneath the bell jar passed through the second ecdysis before
one of those in the breeding cage had reached that point. The only
observable difference in conditions was a greater abundance of moisture
beneath the bell jar, which would naturally improve the food by keeping
it fresh and tender. ‘The second instar thus ranged from 5 to 7 days.
Third Instar.—The second ecdysis produced a marked change in
colour in larve: the light green became dark green, and the light yellow
stripes were much more conspicuous.
Two Days After Moult.—Average length at rest about 12 mm.;
form as before. General colour varied from dark brownish-green to as
light green as in previous instar ; in light-coloured specimens, however,
the broad dorsal stripe is much darker than the other stripes, and also
darker than it was in the second instar.
Clypeus and labrum usually lighter coloured than rest of head ;
head somewhat mottled with green; antenne at their bases as light
coloured as labrum ; mandibles yellow, tipped with black.
Spines and stripes present as in previous instars ; substigmatal white
stripe has become broader, and tubercles IV. and V. stand therein ;
spiracles conspicuous, dark brown.
The third moult took place in about six days after the second, and
produced a great change in the appearance of the larve. It required
less than forty-five minutes to get rid of the old skin after it began to
rupture around the throat.
Fourth Instar.—Two Days After the Moult.—Length at rest about
18 mm.; form cylindrical, segmentation distinct. Head equal in size to
any following segment, rounded, mottled brown and light green in colour,
darkest on sides of lobes ; clypeus triangular, extending nearly to head,
its vertex connected by a light-coloured depression, with vertex of a white
triangular area lying on top of head between the lobes ; antennee and
labrum light coloured. The wide variation between light and dark speci-
mens noticed in last instar has disappeared, so that the coloration has
become quite uniform in different individuals ; body marked with dark
brown and white stripes; dorsal stripe broad and dull blackish in
colour ; subdorsal white stripe clearly defined, quite narrow ; lateral
stripe. which was dark in previous instars, has become changed almost
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189
entirely to light geenish-white, with slight traces of the old dark stripe
remaining along its edges ; sublateral white stripe narrow and distinct ;
stigmatal stripe nearly black and irregular in width, being narrowed
between segments and broadened around stigmata ; substigmatal stripe
white, below this there is still another dark stripe which is interrupted
between the segments; anal plate light coloured and set with numerous
spines. Tubercles and spines upon body as in previous stages, but less
conspicuous on account- of darker colour of body; each tubercle
terminated by a shining black ring around base of spine borne thereon ;
each stigma marked by a shining black, oval border, enclosing white area
in centre.
Venter light green; thoracic legs somewhat yellowish, claws
brownish ;_ prolegs concolorous with venter or with slightly yellowish
tinge ; prolegs upon fifth abdominal segment vestigial in all stages,
crotchets upon them arranged around end of leg in the form of a horse-
shoe opening outwardly (Fig. 4); of the eight or nine little crotchets on
each vestigial proleg, the three posterior ones are largest ; each proleg
of the two functional pairs bears crotchets arranged in two groups of
from 7 to 9 each at the extremities of a crescentic or semicircular pad
borne upon inner side of tip of proleg, with its convex edge inward (Fig.
5). The crotchets vary in length alternately, thus forming two rows of
hooks; along the convex edge of pad between the two groups are
vestiges of from 8 to 14 more crotchets. (Plate 4, Fig. 6.)
Moulting.—As the larva approached a moult, it ceased to feed,
became quiet for a time, which was longest before the third moult, last-
ing then for nearly two days, and when fully ready to shed its skin, firmly
attached its prolegs, let go with its thoracic legs, and stood out at an
angle to its support. Successive contractions now took place in various
parts of the body, the thoracic legs were withdrawn and the skin
stretched backward, after which the skin began to rupture on the ventral
side of the throat, and through this transverse opening the under side
of the prothorax appeared, the rupture continuing around the throat thus
severed the old head-covering entirely from the rest of the integument.
The thorax was soon freed, and by successive expansions and contrac-
tions of the body running backward with a wavelike motion the skin was
drawn back over most of the abdominal segments. When about half the
length of the body had been thus freed, the old head integument, which
had in the meantime remained attached to the head over the mouth-parts,
LOO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
was seized between the fore legs, pulled off and cast aside. As soon as
the first pair of functional prolegs were free, they were moved forward and
attached to the support, and by a gentle pull the rest of the body was
quickly withdrawn, ‘The tender larva then moved on a short distance
and stopped to rest before proceeding to feed.
During the fourth instar the larvee fed very heartily, becoming large
and fat, but toward the end of the instar they became sluggish and fed
but little. In from nine to twelve days they entered the ground to
pupate. After two days, two of the larvee were dug up and examined.
They had formed little ellipsoidal cases of particles of earth held together
by a loose silken lining, and apparently also by some mucilaginous sub-
stance. ‘The cocoons were quite tough, slightly less than half an inch in
length, and within them the larve were doubled up, as they were about
half as long again as the cocoons, but after five days they had not
pupated.
On May 28 it became necessary to discontinue the observations, so
the large flowerpot containing the pupee—pupating larvee —was set in the
ground in a sheltered place where it would receive a normal amount of
moisture, so that its top stood even with the surface of the ground. A
fine wire screen was placed over the pot to prevent the escape of the
adults when they should emerge.
During September and October frequent observations were made to
determine at just what time the adults emerged, but as none appeared, an
examination was finally made. ‘Twenty-five cocoons were found at
depths ranging from 11% to 4 inches, but the majority were not more than
two inches deep. Each cocoon showed a small round hole through
which some enemy had entered and destroyed the pupa. It is probable
that the damage was done by small red ants (a species of Monomorium),
as these were known to have destroyed other pupe in the vicinity during
the summer. The date of emergence of the adults could not, therefore,
be determined, but this is a comparatively unimportant point, as it is
well known that the majority of them emerge during the last part of
October and the first of November.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 4.
Fig. 1.—Small group of eggs of A/sophila pometaria, Peck., 5/T.
Fig. 2,—Newly-hatched larva, 26 1.
Fig. 3.—Top view of eggs, 42/T.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191
Fig. 4.—Tip of vestigial proleg showing crotchets, much enlarged.
Fig. 5.—Crotchets of functional proleg, highly magnified.
Fig. 6.—Crotchets of functional proleg arranged in two groups, with
vestigial bases of crotchets between them.
FURTHER ABOUT THE TYPES OF ACRONYCTA.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C.
Prof. Smith’s remarks in the May CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST contain
two separate counts. He implies that I might be led by personal views
to an improper treatment of the collection in my charge. This implica-
tion I indignantly repudiate, and leave Prof. Smith to explain his breach
of etiquette as best he may. While Prof. Smith’s lack of humour has led
him to misunderstand my views, he has no right to imply that with
any personal views whatever I would not properly conserve the National
Collection. This collection, rapidly becoming the finest in the country,
will continue to be conserved with the greatest care. As to the synonymy
of the Acronyctas, Prof. Smith makes two assumptions. First, that the
specimens now in the British Museum labeled as Guenée’s types are still as
labeled and described by him ; second, that if so, they are properly types.
As to the first assumption, I am not in a position at present to dispute
it, though I think that some admixture or confusion might have easily
arisen in transference, and considering the length of time that has passed.
As to the second assumption, I regard it as debatable in the cases where
Guenée described larve. Ia such cases, under the most favourable con-
ditions, Guenée had before him Abbot’s figure of a moth and larva and
some specimens which Guenée himself thought to be the same species.
Suppose in one of the cases under discussion that Guenée had before him
Abbot’s figure of the moth and larva of swbochrea and also adult speci-
mens of afiicta ; that he regarded all as of one species and drew up a
description under the name amame/lis. Now, if this description agrees
with swbochrea, and does not agree with afficta, what is the type of
Guenée’s hamamelis? Clearly it is Abbot’s drawing and not the speci-
mens labeled by Guenée. Are we to be blindly led by a specimen
labeled ‘‘type,” which may be white, while the description is black ?
Is not what the author described and intended to count for something ?
I am a believer in types, and where they are certainly the specimens from
which the author described, I would regard them as of high value.
Walker’s types are invaluable, and I never supposed that anyone would
192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
think that I would seriously suggest their destruction. However, in
Guenee’s time the idea of types was not as fixed as now. Guenée saw no
objection to describing a species from a figure. His descriptions of the
larvee of Aamamelis and brumosa are clearly taken from figures, and why
not those of the moths as well, since they correspond better with the
species figured by Abbot than with the ‘“ types” as recently identified by
Prof. Smith
Finally, let it be clearly understood that I speak for myself, and that
the National Museum is in no way responsible for my remarks.
A NEW VARIETY OF LYCAINA AMYNTULA, WITH OTHER
NOTES.
BY FORDYCE GRINNELL, JR., PASADENA, CAL.
Lycena amyntula, var. Herriz, n. var.— 2 expanse, 1.25 in. ; differs
from typical amyntula by the replacement of the dark area of the prima-
ries by a narrow black band about t mm. wide, and on the secondaries by
only two red crescents instead of five as in typical amyntuda. On the
under side the markings are all much heavier.
¢d expanse, 1.00 in.; differs from ¢ of typical amyntuda in having a
black margin about 1 mm. wide, whereas there is none in typical
amyntuda, or, if any, a very slight trace. On the under side the markings
are much more heavy. The male of this variety is also much smaller than
the male of typical amyntu/a,and the tails seem more distinct in this variety.
Habitat : Cochise Co., Arizona.
Described from two males and two females in the collection of C. W.
Herr and the writer, taken July, 1899, and September, 1goo, by Mr. Poling.
Named in honour of Mr. C. W. Herr, my friend and fellow collector.
I have typical amyntu/a from San Francisco, Pasadena and Idlewild,
San Diego Co., Calif.
Lycena sonorensis.—Mr. Herr captured on March 14 a male of the
above species. On the right side of the secondaries there is a slight trace
of a red spot, and on the under side of the secondaries on the left wing
there is another very conspicuous red spot, whereas there are no such spots
in typical sonorensis.
Mr. Herr and myself have caught along the beach a species of
Pamphila resembling P. panoguinoides in shape and general colour, but it
has the row of spots on upper side of primaries as in panoguin, which
puzzles us. fanoguin and panoguinoides are known only from the
Atlantic coast and Florida, and the species here may possibly be new.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193
THE COCCID OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA.
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.
(Continued from page 1So.)
Ripersia, Sign.
Ripersia lasit, Ckll., 1896. (Native.) Originally described from
ant-nests in Mass.; was found in an ants’ nest (Zasius Americanus, Km.)
at Toronto, Canada, in 1897, by Mr. R. J. Crew. It has been found
infesting the roots of China asters in Mass.
Bib.—Can. ENT., xxxi. (1899), 110.
Dactylopius, Costa.
Dactylopius longispinus, Targ. (Introduced.) The greenhouse
Mealy bug, found throughout the civilized world, occurs in Canada in all
the Provinces where greenhouse plants are grown ; it is recorded from
South Quebec.
Bib.—2gth Annual Report, Ent. Soc., Ont., 1898, 43.
KERMESINE.
Kermes, Roitard.
Kermes Pettitt, Ehrh., 1899. (Native.) This scale was found at
Jubilee Point, on Rice Lake, near Peterborough, Ontario, by Dr. Fletcher
several years ago, on Quercus rubra. Up to 1899, the species was
considered to be a form of K. yad/iformis, and was confused with that
species up to that time. It is a very common species in the U.S., but
seems to be rare in Canada.
Bib.—Psyche, 1x. (1900), 81.
ORTHEZUNA.
Orthezia, Bosc.
Orthesia Americana, Walker, 1852. (Native.) Recorded from
Grimsby, Ontario, on Golden-rod. Dr. Fletcher states that he has
found it at Ottawa and in several other places.
Bib.—Rpt. U.S. Dep. Agr., 1880, p. 349; 32nd Ann. Rpt. Mass.
Agr. Coll., 1895, p. 124.
ASTEROLECANIINE.
Asterolecanium, Varg.
Asterolecanium variolosum, Ratz., 1870. (Introduced.) Onginally
described as Coccus variolosus, and often cited as Asterodiaspis guercicola,
Asterolecanium quercicola, Asterodiaspis vartolosus and Coccus quercicola.
I received this from by Dr. Fletcher, who found it last year on young oak
trees at Ottawa, Canada, which were set out five or six years ago, and
104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
came from a nursery in Pennsylvania. Judging from the appearance of
the infested twigs sent, they must be quite destructive. It has also been
destructive to oaks at Niagara Falls, Ontario. ‘The species is common
at Washington, D. C., and is found at New York, Conn., and Mass., also
on oak. I have some from Germany, on oak, sent Prof. Cockerell.
Mytilaspis ulmi, 1.., are on the same twigs.
LECANIINA.
Lecanium, Mlig.
Lecanium hesperidum, \.., 1758. (Introduced.) This occurs as a
greenhouse species in Canada, in all the Provinces where greenhouse
plants are grown. It is a very common pest in Europe and the U. S.
Lecanium pyri., Schr., 178:. (Introduced.) Found on apple on
Prince Edward Island in 1894. It is not as yet a very common species.
I have found it once in Mass. on pignut hickory.
Bib.—Can. ENT., xxvi. (1894), 35.
Lecanium antennatum, Sign. var. (Native.) Recorded from Jubilee
Point, Rice Lake, Ontario, on red oak, Quercus rubra.
Bib.—-Can. Enr., xxvii. (1895), 3
Lecanium juglandis, Bouché. (Perhaps introduced.) This was
received from Prof. Cockerell iast year, marked on the label ‘‘on plum
at (Jueenston, Ontario.” ‘There is a scale infesting the plum trees in New
York, called Z. cerasifex, Fitch. The one from Queenston is not that
species.
Lecanium quercitronis, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) Found on Quercus
coccinea at Ottawa, Canada. This is a common species throughout
North America.
Bib.—Can. ENT., xxv. (1893), 221.
Lecanium Fitchi, Sign., 1873. (Native.) Recorded from St. David’s,
Ontario, on Lawton blackberry. This seems to be a species not well
defined, and will need further study when found on blackberry again.
Bib.—Insect Life, vi!. (1894), 30.
Lecanium Fletcheri, Ckl\l., 1893. (Native.) Originally described
from specimens found by Dr. Fletcher at Ottawa, abundant on a hedge
of Zhuja occidentalis and on trees of the same species at Stittsville, Ont.,.
15 miles from Ottawa. It was next found at New York by Mr. Pettit,
and next by the present writer in 1898 on Arbor vite, at Lawrence,
Mass. Last year, in February, I received some scales on Thuja oc-
cidentadis from Vienna, marked n. sp., which proved to be ZL. Fletcher. It
Or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i
was next found by me on August 13, 1900, at the Harvard botanical
gardens, Cambridge, Mass., on Zhuja occidentalis var. The lot described
from, by Prof. Cockerell, were parasited by a Chalcidid. Those which
Dr. Fletcher sent me were a!so parasitized.
For a record of the excessive abundance of parasites of this species,
see L. O. Howard, Bull. VII., N.S. Div. Ent. U. S. Dep. Agr., 1897,
p. 62-63.
Bib.—Can. EnT., xxv. (1893), 221; 29th Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc.,
Ontario (1898), 88; Can. ENT., xxxii. (1899), 141 ; Psyche, vill. (1899),
349; Psyche, ix. (1901), 154.
Lecanium Canadense, Ckll., 1895. (Native.) Originally described
from Stittsville, Ont., about 15 miles from Ottawa, on U/mus racemosa ;
received also from Nappan, Nova Scotia, on U/mus Americana. The
scales from Stittsville were affected by a Coccinellid (Scymnus
punctatus) and an Encyrtid parasite. ‘his species has proved a serious
enemy of U/mus Americana at Ottawa. Dr. Fletcher has received
specimens also from Brandon, Man. The scale has since been found in
Maine and Mass. The species was described as L. carye, var. Canadense,
but by further study in 1898, Prof. Cockerell decided that it was a
distinct species.
Bib.—Can. ENT., xxvii. (1895), 2533; xxx. (1898), 294; The In-
dustrialist, April, 1899, p. 232.
Lecanium pseudhesperidum, Ckl\l., 1895. (Nativity unknown.)
Described from specimens found in a greenhouse at Ottawa, Canada,
Dec. 15, 1894, ona Cattleya. Aulacaspis Boisduvalii was found on the
same plant.
Bib.—American Naturalist, April 1st, 1895, p. 381.
Lecanium maclurarum, Ckll., 1898. (Native.) Described from
material collected near Niagara, Ontario; rather abundant on twigs of
Osage orange, June 17, 1898.
Bib.—Can. Enr., xxx. (1898), 294; The Industrialist, April, 1899,
236.
Lecanium caryarum, Ckll., 1898. (Native.) Described from
specimens found on Carya alba, at Niagara, Ontario, June 17, 1898, and
said to be very abundant.
Bib.—Can. ENT., xxx. (1898), 293; The Industrialist, April, 1899,
Pp» 233-
Lecanium nigrofasciatum, Perg., 1898. (Native.) The Peach
1a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Lecanium is found in Western Ontario, on Acer saccharinum. Just
recently Dr. I'letcher sent me specimens on white maple (4. dasycarpum)
from St. Catharines, Ontario. Although this is called the Peach Lecanium,
it is by no means confined to peach trees, as it is found on various species
of maple, plum, apple, Crategus, sycamore, Lrumelia, linden, olive
and Vaccinium.
Bib.—Bull. No. 18, U. S. Dep. Agr., Div. Entom. (1898), p. 27;
Can. ENT., xxi. (1899), 141.
Lecantum cerasifex, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) Said to have been
found on plum at Queenston, Ontario, in 1894, and since that in many
places in the fruit district extending from Niagara to Burlington, Ont.
Bib.—Rpt. Exp. Farm, 1895, p. 157; Trans. Royal Soc. Can., 1899-
1900, p. 219.
Lecanium pruinosum, Coql., 1891. (Native) This was found on
peach at Niagara, Oatario. Received from Prof. Cockerell last year, sent
to him by Dr. Fletcher.
Lecanium Websteri, Ckll. and King, 1901. (Native.) On black
and red currant in Nova Scotia and at Ottawa, Canada. The species
was for a long time supposed to be Fitch’s Z. x7b/s. It seems to be quite
a general feeder, as will be seen when reference is made to the literature.
Bib.—Can. ENY., xxxill. (1901), 108.
Lecanium carya, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) ‘This was found sparingly
on peach at Niagara, Ontario, by Dr. Fletcher in 1898, and since that
has been occasionally found by Mr. George E. Fisher on the same tree ;
but never in abundance. It is the largest species of the subgenus
Leulecanium found in North America. All that is known of the species
will be found in the literature cited below.
bBib.—Entomological News, xii. (1901), 50-1.
Lecanium. Species probably new; not sufficient for study; was
received with the above species ; also found at Niagara, Ontario, on peach.
Lecanium armeniacum, Craw, 1892. (Native.) The apricot scale
was found infesting orchards at Sherbrooke, Quebec, in 18¢9; it is
common in California.
Bib.—Ann. Rpt. Exp. Farms, 1899, p. 160.
Lecanium cynosbati, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) Was received from
Mr. John Dearness in 1900; found at London, Ontario, on honey locust.
Dr. Fletcher states that he found this species abundant on honey-locust
trees in the streets of Dundas, Ont., in 1898.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197
Pulvinarta, Targ.
Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv., 1854. (Native.) The cottony
maple scale. A common North American species. Recorded from
grapevines and maple at London and other places in Western Ontario.
Bib.—rs5th Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc., Ontario, 1884, p. 27; 29th ibid,
1898, p. 9I.
Pulvinaria brassiea, Ckll., 1895. (Nativity unknown.) Now con-
sidered identical with P. floccifera, Westw. Was found in a greenhouse
at Ottawa, Canada, Dec. 15, 1894, on leaves of Brassia verrucosa. The
plant is a native of Mexico, and was purchased from a New Jersey florist.
Bib.—Can. ENT., xxvii. (1895), 135.
Pulvinaria occidentalis, Ckll., 1897. (Nativity uncertain.) Found
infesting in a serious manner a whole plantation of red and white currant
at Chilliwack, British Columbia, by Rev. G. W. Taylor, in the spring of
1899. In July (the same year) Dr. Fletcher visited the plantation and
found these scales to be in enormous numbers, the white flocculent threads
giving the bushes the same appearance as if a light fall of snow were upon
them. It may turn out, however, that when we can get some of the
European species of P. ridesie to compare with it, it may prove to be
that species.
Bib.—Ann. Rpt. Exp, Farms, 1399, p. 203.
Eriopeltis, Sign.
Ertopeltis festuce, Fonse, 1834. (introduced.) The cottony grass
scale. This was found by Mr. A. H. McKay, on grass, in large numbers
in Cumberland Co., Nova Scotia, in 1889. It was cited as a new species
of Rhizococcus, and 1s said to occur in Dakota, Indiana and Illinois, on
timothy and red-top grass. It is parasited by a Dipteron, Lewcopis
bellula. It has occurred, in conspicuous numbers, several times in Nova
Scotia and New Brunswick of late years.
Bib.—Insect Life, i. (1889), 385 ; ib. ii. (1890), 326; Report Exp.
Farm, 1895, p. 145; Trans. Royal Soc., Canada, 1899-1900, p. 216.
DIASPIN&.
Aspidiotus, Bouche.
Aspidiotus hedere, Vall., 1829. (Introduced.) It is reported from
British Columbia, and will be found in all the Provinces where greenhouse
plants are grown. Itis a common species on palms, Cycas revoluta, olive,
ivy, etc. I have also received it on palm found in a house at. London,
Ontario, by Mr. John Dearness.
198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Aspidtiotus Forbest, Johnson, 1896. (Native.) The Forbes scale.
This has been received from Mr. John Dearness, on beech (Fagus
Americana), November, tg00, at London, Ontario; also on hawthorn,
plum and apple in many parts of Ontario. It is recorded from Ottawa on
fragrant currant (Ribes).
Bib.—28 Ann. Rpt. Entom. Soc. Ont., 1897, p. 80.
29 ne . - 1898, p. 86-88.
30 “ = " 1899, Pp. 109.
Exp. Farm. Rpt., 1898, p. 205.
Trans. Royal Soc. of Can., 1899-1900, p. 219.
Aspidiotus ancylus, Putn., 1877. (Native.) The Putnam scale. It
is recorded from Ottawa, on elm. I received it from Dr. Fletcher, April
10, tg00, on willow from Toronto, and just recently on plum from St.
Catharines.
Bib.—28 Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1897, p. 80.
29 a i 1898, p. 86 and 88.
30 ue - “¢ 1599, p. 109.
Exp. Farm Rpt., 1898, p. 205.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 1899-1900, p. 219.
Aspidiotus ostreeformis, Curtis, 1843. (Introduced.) The Euro-
pean orchard scale. Reported from Chilliwack, British Columbia. Is
now received from Western Ontario and from St. Catharines, Ontario, on
maple (Acer dasycarpum), sent by Dr. Fletcher, and found by Mr. George
E. Fisher, April, rgot.
Bib.—Yearbook U. S. Dept. Agr., 1899, p. 746.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 1899-1900, p. 219.
30 Ann. Rpt. Entom. Soc. Ont., 1899, p. 67 and rog.
Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., 1881. (Introduced.) The perni-
cious scale. This was first found near Kelowna, on Lake Okanagan,
British Columbia, in 1894, and in 1897 it was reported as found
in the Provinces of British Columbia and Ontario. The first lot
received by the Government Entomologist was from an Ontario
orchard near Chatham, in Kent Co., January, 1897, and soon after
from Niagara and St. Catharines, and Kingsville in Essex Co. It
has since been found on Vancouver Island (where it has been entirely
eradicated) ; also at Guilds, south of Blenheim, Harwich, Belleville,
London East, Chatham, Guelph, Winona, Burlington, Essex Centre and
St. Thomas, Ont. Mr. John Dearness found a mite attacking this insect,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199
received from Mr. J. Gordon at Guilds, Kent Co., Ont.,in 1899. Identi-
fied as Zyroglyphus malus. There is alsoa moniliform fungus found on
specimens from plum.
Bib.—Farmer’s Advocate, London, Ont., 1894.
Can. EnTom., Vol. 26, 1894, p. 355.
Entom. News, Vol. 9, 1898, p. 96.
28 Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc: Ont., 1897, p. 78.
29 oe Ke a 1898, p. 86.
Gre gies Naa 1) eee 82997 P-3:
aI a i oS % 1900, p. 79-87.
Evid. of Dr, Fletcher before the House of Com., 1898, p. 1-12.
= ES = 1899, p. 4-6.
4 i A - i 1900, p. 1-7.
Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 1899-1900, p. 218.
Ann. Rept. Exp. Farm, 1898, p. 204.
Aspidiotus ( Targionia) Dearnesst, Ckli., 1898. This was found by
Mr. John Dearness, August 20, 1898, on twigs of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi>
in the Ojibway Indian Reserve in Saugeen, in the Bruce Peninsula, on
the sandy shore of a little bay of Lake Huron.
Bib.—CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. 30, 1898, p. 266.
Aspidiotus adtffinis, Newst., 1893. (Prob. introduced.) This is
found in the woods on basswood ( Z7i/ia americana). I have received
examples from Mr. Dearness, found in the woods at several places in
Western Ontario, 1900, and am of the opinion that it may yet be proved
to be a variety of dffinis.
Bib. —Entomological News, xi. (1900), p. 425.
Chrysomphalus, Ashm.
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, Morg., 1889. (Introduced.) Dr.
Fletcher sent this to me on leaves of cinnamon found in a greenhouse at
Ottawa, April, rg00. It is found in hothouses in the United States.
Aulacaspis, Ckll.
Aulacaspts Boisduvalit, Sign., 1869. (Introduced.) Found ina green-
house at Ottawa, Canada, on Caft/eya, Dec. 15, 1894.
Bib.—American Naturalist, 1895, p. 381.
Aulacaspis rose, Bouché, 1833. (Introduced.) Often cited as
Diaspis rose. This was received from Dr. Fletcher, January of this year.
Found at Vancouver, British Columbia, out of doors, on rose bushes ;
also from Niagara, Ont., on outdoor roses.
2U0 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Chionaspts, Sign.
Chionaspis pinifolla, Fitch, 1855. (Native.) A common species in
North America. Recorded from ‘Toronto, Ottawa, etc., Ontario, and
found in British Columbia, in 1897, on Adies grandis. In Quebec
Province found very abundantly on /icea a/ba, at Metis, Que., by Dr.
B. J. Harrington (Fletcher).
Bib.—Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Coll., August 10, 1899, p. 22.
Chionaspis Lintner’, Comst., 1883. (Native.) Apparently quite
common on wild alder ( A/nzus incana) and birch ( Betula papyrifera), at
St. John, New Brunswick ; Charlottetown, and many other places in
Prince Edward Island ; Chateauguay, P. Q., and Ottawa, Ont.
Bib.—Can. Enrv., Vol. 27, 1895, p. 33-
= * ** 130, 18GQ0, Pe O6.
Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Coll., 1899, p. 28.
Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) The scurfy bark-louse.
This is another common scale found on apple. It is recorded from
Leamington, Ontario ; Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward
Island. Mr. Dearness sent it tome on hawthorn in 1898.
Bib.—28 Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1897, p. 16.
29 - - 1898, p. 86.
30 “ - : 1899, p. 68.
Can. Ent., Vol. 26, 1894, p. 354.
Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Coll., 1899, p. 28.
Psyche, Vol. 8, 1899, p. 336.
Chionaspis salicts-nigre, Walsh, 1867.° (Native.) Recorded from
Leamington, Kingsville and Kingston, Ontario.
Bib.—Spec. Bull. Mass. Agr. Coll., 1899, p. 20.
Flemichtonaspis, Ck.
Hemichionaspis aspidistra, Sign., 1869. (Introduced.) Originally
described as a Chionaspis. I received this from Dr. Fletcher, on a fern
(Pteris serrulata) found in a greenhouse at Ottawa, Canada, December
16, 1900. It is found in California, Washington, D. C., and Mass.
Mytilaspis, Sign.
Mytilaspis ulmi, L., 1758. (Introduced.) The oyster-shell bark-louse
of the apple, heretofore recorded as A/ytilaspis pomorum, Bouche. It is
well established throughout Canada, and recorded from Ottawa on red
and black currant, lilac, Spirea, ash, dogwood, mountain ash, and
hawthorn. I have it from Mr. John Dearness, found at London, Ontario,
1900, on apple. Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst., are on the same twigs.
Bib.—Can. Ent., Vol. 26, 1894, p. 354.
Exp. Farm Rpt., 1898, p. 205.
Evid. of Dr. Fletcher before the Com. of House of Comm.,
£898. 0; 18 9 ibidy;1 9605.9. £2:
Ann. Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1897, p. 16.
; " ip 1898, p. 88.
66 és a a 1899, p. 12 and 67.
ee
‘
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201
‘ TA SIPHRIDIINT @F THE PACIFIC COAST.
BY A. P. MORSE, WELLESLEY, MASS.
In the summer of 1897 I devoted several weeks to a rapid
Orthopterological reconnaissance of the Pacific Coast, collecting
material at various points from Yuma to Victoria, B. C., and the
following paper is based upon the specimens secured at that time. At
the request of Mr. Scudder, to whose collection and mine the types
belong, I have studied the material, with the results given below.
So far as I am aware, no species of this group has hitherto been
recorded from west of the Rocky Mountains, although it is exceedingly
improbable that specimens are not to be found in entomological collections
from that region. In the following paper, four well-defined species are
noted, one of them extending entirely across the continent. ‘Two others
are of especial interest, from the great variation presented by them accord-
ing to locality, and students of the group will do well to collect material
in considerable series.
Orchelimum agtle, DeGeer.
One 9, Sisson, Calif., Sept. 3. Identical with New England
examples ; taken among the grasses and sedges of a springy meadow.
Xiphidium spinosum, Sp. Nov.
Fastigium of vertex of moderate width, rather more than one-third of
the width between the eyes, the sides divergent when viewed from in front.
Pronotum with the hind margin convex, the lateral lobes as deep as long,
their posterior margin nearly straight, a distinct sinus at the shoulder.
Tegmina narrow at tip, passing the hind femora 1 to 2 mm. and exceeded
by the wings by about the same amount. Fore tibiae with 5 or 6 pairs of
spines. Hind femora bearing on the under side from 2 to 5 (usually 4)
strong black spines, the genicular lobes distinctly bispinose. Subgenital
plate of the male truncate, the cerci of moderate length, straight, bearing
the usual inwardly-directed tooth at the basal third, the distal two-thirds
broad, with subparallel sides, the apex blunt and strongly depressed from
above.
Testaceous, with a dark median band on top of head and pronotum,
reaching tip of the fastigium. Antenne rather short, brownish fuscous.
Femoral and tibial spines black, or nearly so.
Antenna: 35-40. Pronotum: 3. Ovipositor: 7-8. Cerci of ¢:
Paya Body: *¢,°9, 13-14. Post: fem.: ¢, 10.5-(1.53 2, 11.5—12,
Teg.: 3, 13.3-15; 9, 15-16 mm.
202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Three ¢,2 2, 1 immature 9, Coronado, Calif, July 24, on salt-
marsh; collected by A. P. Morse.
Niphidium occidentale, Sp. nov.
lastigium of vertex very broad, at least one-half as wide as the
distance between the eyes, blunt, convexly rounded in front ; viewed from
before, as wide as deep, the sides very strongly divergent. Lateral lobes
of the pronotum usually longer than deep, the hind margin straight or
nearly so, passing into the hind margin of the posterior process with but a
slight sinuosity. Dorsum of the pronotum with the front and hind margins
truncate or slightly convex, the front margin sometimes slightly excavate.
Tegmina of the male covering two-thirds or three-fourths of the abdomen,
rarely all but the cerci, of moderate width, rounded at the apex ; those of
the female covering about one-half of the abdomen, in var. camurum
reaching apex of the hind femora, the distal portion wide, with well-
rounded apex. Wings equalling tegmina except in camurum, in which
they exceed them about 2 mm. Spines of the fore tibive 5 or 6 pairs.
The hind femora unspined, the genicular lobes pointed, scarcely spinose.
Cerci of the male long, stout, the apex regularly tapering, acuminate
and very slightly depressed at tip, the lateral outlines slightly sinuous,
the usual stout, inwardly-directed tooth present near the base. Ovipositor
of the female two-thirds to seven-eighths as long as the hind femora,
slightly curved upward in both margins, tapering very gradually to the
slender tip.
Brown above, with brown or green sides, and usually with a broad
dark-brown median band on head and pronotum (often also on exposed
portion of abdomen of female), bordered on each side by a pale yellowish
stripe; the dorsum of abdomen of young with a broad fuscous band.
Antenna: ¢, 19-373; 2, 27-35. Pronotum: g, 9, 3.5-4. Teg.:
G6, 6-8.5; 9, 4-7. Body: g, 10-15.5; 9, 13-15. Post. fem.: ¢,
9-5-14; 9, 10-15. Ovip.: 8-13, usually g-10 mm.
68 3, 59 2,3 young. Aug. 3 to Sept. 4, at Tehachapi, Ahwanee,
Wawona, Yosemite Valley, Berkeley, Sisson, Gazelle, Calif.; Sept. 7 to 15,
at Ashland, Grant’s Pass, Roseburg, and Corvallis, Or.; collected by A. P.
Morse ; alsor ¢, 1 9, Sisson, Calif., in cab. S. H. Scudder.
X. occidentale camurum, Var. NOV.
1 9, Ashland, Or., Sept. 7, taken by A. P. Morse. This specimen is
apparently a long-winged form of the species here described, differing from
it only in the complete development of the tegmina and wings, the former
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203
being 16 mm. long, and the latter passing them 2 mm., exceeding the end
of the hind femora 1.5 mm.
X. occidentale caudatum, var, nov.
I ¢,2 9, Mt. Shasta district, July, Hy. Edwds , No. 165 (cab. S. H.
Scudder). In these specimens the ovipositor of the females is exception-
ally long, even relatively to the hind femora, the usual proportions of the
two being reversed, thus: Post. fem., 10-10.5; Ovip., 13.5-14.5 mm.
Nevertheless, in the absence of other evidence, I am disposed to regard
them as belonging to this species.
In this connection it is of interest to note that specimens from
the Mt. Shasta region (Sisson, Gazelle), not only of this species, but of the
following (vicinum), have the ovipositor of exceptional length, as the
accompanying measurements will show:
Roseburg and Yosemite
Grant’s Pass. Berkeley. Ahwanee. Wawona. Val.
Pfemy. aiL4) 1255 jee [2 Teo onc 15 4
viper 10. .9°5 8 8.3 ce) Lo:2 ke
Gazelle. Sisson. var. caudatum.
13 Lies PIG Ti-Se LO. 10 Te) 10.5
Mie Gens HO 925:' 10 9 9 1305. =EAss
Compare also the relative proportions of the specimens from Rose-
burg and Grants Pass with those of the Yosemite Valley.
Xiphidium vicinum, sp. nov.
Very similar in colour, size and structure to X. fasciatum of the east,
but with the ovipositor almost constantly longer, both actually and in
proportion to the hind femora, in long-winged females reaching the end of
the wings; wings and tegmina dimorphic, in long-winged examples passing
the apex of the hind femora 4-6 mm.; in general, however, falling
short of their tip by 2-3 mm. ‘The male often indistinguishable
from fasciatum, but with cerci showing a tendency toward greater breadth
across the basal part of the apical portion (just distad of the tooth), and a
less sinuous externo-lateral margin.
In a considerable series of fasciatum before me, the ovipositor ranges
in length from 50 to 69 % of the length of the hind femora, In vicinum
the range is from 67 to 95 4, and the actual measurements are as follows :
Ovip. H. fem. Ovip. H. fem.
7 9:3 10 T1.4-12.5
8 9.3-12 11 12-14
9.5 IO-II 13 13.7-14.5
204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
In general, specimens from the south are larger, and have the
ovipositor actually and proportionally longer than those from the north or
the coast, but, as noted above under occidentale, those from the Shasta
region have relatively long ovipositors.
This variation in size and proportions is very noticeable when material
is arranged in series according to locality, in the examples before me there
being less range of variation from the same locality than in specimens of
Jasciatum from New England. Owing to this and to the difference
between the southern and the coastwise and northern examples, there
appears to be a tendency toward the formation of local races. Some idea
of these differences may be gained from the following measurements of
the hind femora and ovipositor of the material from various localities :
West Berkeley. Mill Valley. Tenino. Divide. Drain.
H. fem.. 10.5-12 0-5 T1.5-12 II-12.3 9.3-10.7
OVID oe 5-9 8 5-9 7.5-8.5 7.5-8
Gazelle. Sisson. San Bernardino. Colton. Palm Springs.
Hi. fen. 9-3 10.6-11.5 13.3-14 12-14.5 11.3-14
OVvip sess 8 9-9.7 11-13 10-13 10-13
The long-winged examples consist of 6 ¢,5 @, from Palm Springs,
San Bernardino, Colton and Kern City, in California, and of 4 2% from
Ashland and Glendale, Or. ; in two of the latter, however, the wings
exceed the hind femora but little. For this form, especially as found
in the south, I propose the name productum. It resembles /asciatum
from the south-eastern States very closely except for the much longer
ovipositor.
61 f,59 9, California, from July toto Sept. 4, at Palm Springs, San
Bernardino, Colton, Los Angeles, Kern City, Lathrop, West Berkeley,
Mill Valley, Sisson, and Gazelle ; Oregon, from Sept. 7 to 12, at Ashland,
Glendale, Drain, and Divide; Washington, Sept. 24, at Tenino; in grass
and sedge along streams ; collected by A. P. Morse.
KEY TO SPECIES.
Stouter species ; ovipositor of female strongly curved, stout ; subgenital
plate of male triangularly excavate ...............Orchelimum agile.
Slenderer species ; ovipositor of female slender, straight or but little
up curved ; subgenital plate of male truncate.
Hind femora spinose on under side.........,AX7phidium spinosum.
ov
| een eoremtinn nlll
|
.
i
Se a i nh aioe
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205
Hind femora unspined.
Vertex very broad and blunt, one-half as wide or wider than the
distance between the eyes; tegmina and wings usually abbrevi-
ated; cerci of male long,acuminate at tip. XzpAzdium occidentale.
Vertex less than half as wide as distance between eyes; tegmina and
wings variable, but covering whole of abdomen or more; cerci
of male short, strongly depressed at tip. .AXvphidium vicinum.
MORE ABOUT THE RED-WINGED CATOCALA.
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL.
At the time of writing my article* on the “ Red Wing” species of
Catocale I was in doubt about a few forms, as there were some I had
not seen. Since writing that, Mr. O. C. Poling, of Quincy, IIl., kindly
sent me for examination some of these, and many others from his large
collection ; besides enriching my cabinet with several species it did not
before contain. To bring the ‘‘ Red Wings” into what seems to be their
proper relationship my last article needs a revision, which I will here
make before taking up the ‘‘ Yellow Wing ” forms.
Marmorata should probably precede Concumbens, where it may be
found in this series. Mr. Poling’s new species, /revchiz, should follow
Californica and its varieties. Mr. Henry Edwards described both
Jessica and Portia as related to Californica. ‘hese, with Mr. Poling’s
species, /ippolyta and Luciana, it seems to me should constitute what
might be called the Cadifornica group.
Next I would place the /unctura group, from 32 to 38. This
group has been a puzzle to all students of the genus from the time Mr.
Grote began working on it to the present. From a careful study of Mr.
Poling’s large series, what my own cabinet contains, and some from the
cabinet of Supt. A.-J. Snyder, of Belvidere, Ill., I believe I have identi-
fied the forms so far as names are concerned. As to their value as
species, that can not be decided definitely without breeding, nor can
breeding decide the question unless we know what forms a brood make
after they are bred. I have bred one of these, Stretchiz, and have in my
series a good representation of its variations. I would place Cassandra
just before this, a species that is also somewhat variable. I have taken
Walshii here for more than twenty years, and Walker’s description of
Junctura does not fit any specimen I have ever taken. It seems to me
* CAN. ENT., XXXIII., 12 ( Jan., 1901).
206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
to be as much entitled to specific rank as any of the group.
Colorado form that extends very little outside that State.
Arisone are both to be found in Arizona.
Aspasia \s a
Pabayaga and
The general tone of the first
is reddish gray, that of the second bluish gray. A specimen before me
from Texas differs from all the others in the group in having a greenish
tint and in being larger than the others. Mr. Dodge, of Louisiana, Mo.,
has another specimen from the same locality that is like this. It may be
that when more material is obtained of this and of Ar/zone they may be
sufficiently distinct to merit a name.
Circe is another species of which some doubt has been felt. For
this reason I placed it as a variety of Coccinata in my former article. I
have occasionally taken the form here, and have seen it in other cabinets,
and it has always been Circe, without any variation toward Coccinata.
The late Henry Edwards expressed the opinion that it was a valid
species. I will here follow what has been my own conviction as to the
form, and place it in the list as a distinct species.
I would group the species as follows :
Beginning with Cara,
22. Cara, Gueneée. 34. Aspasia, Strecker.
var. Sylvia, Hy. Edw. var, Sara, French.
var. Carissima, Hulst. 35. Walshi, Edw.
23. Amatrix, Hubner. 36. Junctura, Walker.
var. Nurus, Walker. 37. Cassandra, Hy. Edw.
24. Marmorata, Edw. 38. Stretchii, Behr.
25. Concumbens, Walker. 39. Augusta, Hy. Edw.
var, Diana, Hy. Edw. 40. Rosalinda, Hy. Edw.
var. Hillii, Grote. 41. Pura, Hulst.
26. Californica, Edw. 2. Semirelicta, Grote.
var. Perdita, Hy. Edw. 43. Unijuga, Walker.
var. Cleopatra, Hy. Edw. 44. Beaniana, Grote.
27. Frenchii, Poling. 45. Meskei, Grote.
28. Jessica, Hy. Edw. 46. Mariana, Hy. Edw.
29. Hippolyta, Hy. Edw. var. Francesca, Hy. Edw.
26. Portia, Hy; baw: 47. Grotiana, Bailey.
31. Luciana, Hy. Edw. 48. Hermia, Hy. Edw.
Nebraske, Dodge. 49. Briseis, Edw.
var. Somnus, Dodge.
Babayaga, Strecker.
. Arizone, Grote.
Faustina, Strecker.
var. Zillah, Strecker.
var. Verecunda, Hulst.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207
var. Allusa, Hulst. var. Ophelia, Hy. Edw.
5 Irene; Behr. var. Votiva, Hulst.
var. Virgilia, Hy. Edw. 59. Ultronia, Hubner.
var. Volumnia, Hy. Edw. var. Celia, Hy. Edw.
var. Veleria, Hy. Edw. var. Mopsa, Hy. Edw.
52. Parta, Guenée. var. Adriana, Hy. Edw.
var. Perplexa, Strecker. var. Herodias, Strecker.
var. Petulans, Hulst. 60. Ilia, Cramer.
53. Coccinata, Grote. var. Zoe, Behr.
var. Sinuosa, Grote. var. Uxor, Guenée.
§4.. Circe, Strecker. var. Osculata, Hulst.
55- Aholibah, Strecker. 61. Innubens, Guenée.
56. Chiricahua, Poling. var. Flavidalis, Grote.
57. Violenta, Hy. Edw. var. Hinda, French.
58. Verilliana, Grote. var. Scintillans, Grote.
ON LABELING ENSECTS.
There is a great lack of uniformity in labeling insects ; owing to
which it is often impossible to distinguish the name of the locality from
that of the collector ; and with reference to the date of capture, it is im-
possible to discover what is meant (when the day of capture is less than
the 13th), on account of some collectors placing the day of the month
first, and others the month.
For instance, a specimen taken on May 10, 1901, would by some be
labeled 10, 5, 1go1, and by others (chiefly amongst Americans) 5, 10,
Igor. On passing from one collection to another, the recipient would
be undecided as to whether the figures referred to May 10 or Oct. 5.
Again, now that exchange abroad is much more common than
formerly, it is insufficient to give simply the village or wood in which the
insect is taken.
The province or county should also be given, in full if possible, unless
the name of the country be also added, when both the latter may be
abbreviated; as for example: ‘‘Bradford, Yorks., Eng.,” or “Shovel Mount,
Burnet Co., Tex.”
It must be remembered that there are counties of Middlesex, Surrey
and Cornwall in Jamaica; that there are similar instances everywhere,
and hosts of towns with well-known English names in the United States,
in Canada and other colonies ; so that specimens so ambiguously labeled
POS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
as “London,” “ Victoria,” ete., might give rise to much confusion in
general collections,
i have the honour, therefore, to propose the following system of
labeling all insects :
ist. ‘The exact locality is to be given in full, invariably including
county (or province) also, such as “ Bognor, Sussex,” ‘“ Admont, Styria,”
“Palm Beach, Florida”; or if the county’s name be abbreviated, the coun-
try also to be added, as “ Bradford, Yorks., Eng.”
2nd. The date to be invariably given in the following order: Day,
month, year; and to further avoid misunderstanding, the month to be
given in Roman numerals, thus: May 10, 1901, should read 10, v, rgot.
3rd. The collector’s name (if added) to be always placed sideways to
the rest of the inscription, and the ticket to be attached to the insect so
that it may be read from the right-hand side of the specimen.
Examples :
|| New Forest, | @| Lake Keuka, |
la x
= = | -
4 Hants, Eng. | o. ~=6New York, |
a 4 | i”
4 10; Vi, 190. 1 | 14, Vill, 1got. |
The scientific value of collections thus uniformly labeled would, I
think, be increased, and reference, at least, much facilitated.
E. Brunetti, London, England.
BRITISH MUSEUM COLLECTIONS.
The national collection of Lepidoptera located in the National
History Museum at South Kensington has recently been greatly enriched
by the addition thereto of the almost unique collection of butterflies from
Europe and Central and Eastern Asia, together with the collection of
European moths, formed by the late Mr. John Henry Leech, of Hurdcott
House, Salisbury. Arrangements had been made during Mr. Leech’s
lifetime, under which the Museum became possessed of his Eastern Asian
moths, and now the same public institution has acqmred the still more
important accessions adverted to, through the munificence of his mother,
Mrs. Leech, of Kensington Palace-gardens. Of Rhopalocera there are
rather more than 18,000 specimens. ‘This collection of Palearctic butter-
flies is very rich in Chinese and Japanese species, and in local forms and
aberrations of European species. ‘The European Heterocera number
about 23,000 specimens.— Daily Telegraph, London, England.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . 209
NEW COCCIDA: FROM NEW MEXICO.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL.
Orthezia lasiorum, n. sp.— 2. About 2 millim. long ; pale orange ;
ovisac (in specimens seen) not very long; two very long median white
caudal lamelle, about two-thirds length of body, curving over ovisac, but
not attached to it. Dorsum covered with waxy secretion, but it is so
easily deciduous that I have never found an adult with it sufficiently in
place to describe. Middle leg with femur + trochanter 300 p, tibia 240,
tarsus (without claw) 180. Antenne 7-jointed, the last joint with a
terminal spine ; joints measuring inp: (1.)75—-g0. (2.)72-75- (3-)84-95.
(4.)60. (5.)48. (6.)45. (7.)120-129. I have never found one with 8 joints,
though I should expect such to occur.
Young.—Length of body about 1 millim.; body yellowish-pink,
thickly covered with waxy lamellz, no bare areas ; long caudal lamelle ;
antenne and legs black or almost. There is a groove down the middle
of the back, with no triangular plates (such as occur in O. occidentalis) ;
the anterior lateral lamella are about 14 as long as broad, the posterior
ones about 2% as long as broad. The caudal lamella make a very con-
spicuous tail.
Hab.—Abundant in nests of Lasius Americanus, Las Vegas and
Trout Springs, N. M._ Easily known by the orange colour and long tail.
O. occidentalis also occurs at Trout Springs; its secretion is hard to
remove, not at all easily brushed off as in /aséorum. Although O.
Jasiorum is so abundant, I have never seen it except in nests of Lasus.
The @ with ovisac was first found by my wife, April 25.
Dactylopius Neomexicanus, var. indecisus, 0. var.—Q. 1%3 millim.
long. Pink, varying to pale sage green; mealy; no lateral or caudal
tufts ; no well-defined ovisac ; legs and antennz very pale. Middle leg,
with femur and trochanter, 174 »; tibia 108; tarsus (without claw) 60.
Antenne 8-jointed, varying to 7; one @ full of eggs had one antenna
with 8 joints, the other with 7. Formule: 812(37)(56)4 and 821(37)6(45).
Measurements of joints in pw: (1.)36-45. (2.)36—-40. (3.)24—-25. (4.)15-
(5.)15-18. (6.) 18-21. (7.)24. (8.)63-69. Seven-jointed form: (1.)45.
(2.)45- (3-)30 (4-)36. (5.)24. (6.)27. (7-)63-
fTab.—In nests z Lasius Americanus, Las Vegas, N. M., April 22
(W. P. Cockered/). J thought this might be merely a summer form of
D. Neomexicanus, but the types of the latter, with very different ovisacs,
were collected in summer.
210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Ertococcus Tinsleyi, var. cryptus, n. var.— 9. When boiled in
potash becomes bright red ; dermal spines fairly numerous, about 24 p
long; middle leg with femur + trochanter 150 p, tibia go, tarsus
(without claw) too. Antenne (in females full of eggs) 6-jointed.
Formule : 31(26)45 ; 321(46)5. Measurements of joints in pw: (1.)30.
(2.)27-36. (3.)87—-90. (4.)24. (5.)21. (6.)24—27.
Hab.—Under rocks, Las Vegas, N. M., April roth, etc. ( We/matte
P. Cockereti). I believe the roots it lives on are those of Gutlerrezia.
This is probably a distinct species.
Pseudolecanium Californicum (Ehrhorn).—This is to be added to
the fauna of New Mexico; it was found in Las Vegas, on grass, by my
wife and myself. It was determined by Mr. Parrott.
BOOK NOTICES.
MosguiroEs: How they live; How they carry disease ; How they are
classified ; How they may be destroved.—By L. O. Howard, Ph. D.
New York: McClure, Phillips & Co., 1901. I. Vol., 12 mo., pp.
xv. + 241. (Price, $1.50; postpaid, $1.64.)
For nearly ten years Dr. Howard has applied himself to the study of
the life-history and classification of North American mosquitoes, and to
practical experiments for their destruction. His success in the latter
direction has become widely known to the general public, while his
scientific work has caused him to be looked upon by entomologists as
our chief authority regarding these obnoxious insects. In the work
before us he has embodied in popular form the results of his observations
and investigations, and furnishes a most interesting and valuable hand-
book, written in attractive style and presenting in a clear and concise
manner all that is known at the present time on this subject. ‘The title
of the volume gives an epitome of its contents, and shows at a glance
how completely it covers the ground and how full of useful information
it evidently is. We commend its perusal to all who suffer the tortures
inflicted by these tiny creatures—that is,to almost every inhabitant of this
continent—for the mosquito is ubiquitous and her attacks are often
serious.
In the older settled parts of Ontario we are happily almost entirely
free from annoyance by mosquitoes, but there are many localities where
life on a warm summer’s night is rendered almost unendurable by these
tormentors. The author shows how this plague may, in most cases, be
| .
.
.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST. 211
got rid of with a little combined effort and without any very great
expense. It is first necessary to acquire the knowledge that this book
provides of the life-history and lrabits of the insect, and then 10 cary
out carefully the remedial measures that have proved effective in a
variety of instances. It is surprising to learn how successful intelligent
efforts for the abolition of mosquitoes have proved in many places, and
how comparatively easy it would be to adopt similar measures almost
anywhere in mosqnito-infested neighbourhoods.
One of the most interesting parts of the book is that on maiaria,
yellow-fever and other diseases which it is now proved are transmitted by
the bites of mosquitoes. This is a subject of the deepest interest to the
medical profession, and of the utmost importance to dwellers in tropical
and sub-tropical regions. ‘The author gives a concise account of the
researches that have been made in various parts of the world, and the
positive conclusions that have been arrived at; he also furnishes a
complete life-history of Anopheles maculipennis, and points out the best
methods of dealing with it and other disease-bearing species.
Enough has now been said to show the absorbing interest of the work
and its value’ not only to those who live in mosquito-infested regions, but
also to the medical profession in particular and to all who are attracted
by the study of nature in any of its aspects, or who wish to know the
results of the latest researches regarding a subject of great scientific and
world-wide importance. eal iro Raa os
REPORTS UF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS OF THE DOMINION FOR 1900.—
Ottawa: S. E. Dawson, igor. One Vol., 8vo., pp. 494.
In these annual volumes, which are growing in size and value from
year to year, may be found a vast fund of information on every variety of
topic that can be of use or interest to the farmer, fruit-grower, gardener,
stock-raiser or poultry-breeder in any part of the Dominion of Canada.
They contain also much that is of value to those engaged in scientific
work, especially to the chemist, the botanist, and the entomologist. The
attention of the last mentioned we may draw to Dr. Fletcher’s portion of
the Report for 1900 (pages 195 to 249), in which he describes a number
of the most serious insect attacks of the year, and relates the remedial
measures that can be recommended in each case. The outbreak of the
Hessian fly in Western Ontario is fully dealt with; this is followed by
accounts of injury to wheat in the Northwest by the wheat-stem sawtly
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
(Cephus pygmeus), by cutworms and grasshoppers in Manitoba, and by
excessive heat and drought over a large area of the Northwest last
summer. The pea weevil and the pea aphis are described as very
injurious, and growers are instructed how to deal with them; many pages
are then employed in describing the variegated and spotted cutworms,
their natural enemies and parasites, and the best methods of repressing
their attacks. The San Jose scale and a variety of other insects are also
discussed, and a list is given of a large number that have been injurious
to fodder crops, roots and vegetables, and fruits. Honeybees have a
chapter devoted to them, and this section of the Report is concluded
with a description of the successful experiments made for destroying wild
mustard by spraying with a solution of copper sulphate. OME Pe. ans
CORRESPON DENCE.
THe Copiinc Morn,
Sir,—Prof. Gillette, of the State Agricultural College, Colorado, is
trying to clear up some of the lacking information concerning that terrible
pest of the fruit-grower, the Codling Moth, and I think some of our
members may do very valuable work for horticulture in North America by
co-operating with him and sending him accurate and careful observations,
with exact dates, upon the points mentioned in the following extract :
Prof. Gillette says: ‘IJ am anxious for further information from
some northern parts. I particularly want to know the date when larve
of the first brood begin to leave the apples to spin, and what proportion
of the larvae taken about the middle of July or a little later will transform
to moths the same season. ‘To determine the first point, a few bands
could be placed about bearing trees, and frequently examined for worms
after the last week in June until the worms appeared. ‘To determine the
second point, a good number of the worms or pupze could be taken when
they are rather abundant under bands, probably about the end of July,
and placed in boxes for rearing. I should be very glad to receive a
number of larve taken any time in July from any place in Canada.”
Prof. Gillette has done and is doing such excellent work in practical
entomology that I feel sure some of our members who have an opportunity,
without much trouble, to help in this important investigation will do so.
The results will be given to the world, and a!] fruit-growers and fruit
consumers will benefit. J. FLETCHER, Ottawa.
Mailed June 29th, 1901.
1
a
Whe Wanadiay
VoL. XXXIII. LONDON, AUGUST, root. No. 8
ntomolo gist.
A LIST OF MANITOBA MOTHS.—Part V.
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.
(Continued from page 320, Vol. XXXTI., November, 1899.)
The Geometers of this Province, in respect to both my own captures
and those of other collectors which I have been privileged to see, appear
to be fairly well identified.
In December last I was honoured by a flying visit from Mr. Hutchin-
son, of Kinosota, on Lake Manitoba. He brought in a whole collection
of things with him, some for names, others for my benefit. Among the
moths we were unable to tackle satisfactorily were a few Geometers. Our
friend is developing into an enthusiastic entomologist, and we look for
some good work from him in the near future. Few of us, I fancy, would
care to be hampered with numerous cases of insects, in addition to other
‘‘impedimenta,” when undertaking a seventy-mile sleigh drive in bitter
weather to reach the nearest railway station.
Another enthusiast, Mr. Heath, has, I believe, made some fresh
captures since I saw his things, and there may also be some additions
lurking in Mr. Criddle’s cases. I believe that everything in the collections
of Messrs. Boger and Marmont has been located.
The comparatively small percentage of unnamed or doubtful species
in this family is a matter for congratulation. At the same time, I question
if it has received as much attention from us as the others already listed
and no doubt species have been overlooked among the more difficult
genera, as Leptomeris, Lois, Tephroclystis, Eucymatoge, etc.
My most successful collecting has been done at light, and many
of my best things were taken in that way.
The season of 1900, though an unusually long one for Manitoba, was
an ‘‘off” year for Geometers in this district, and there was a great
paucity of both species and individuals. The snowfall was light, the
spring an early and hot one, and no rain fell, worth mentioning, until the
beginning of July. I have no doubt whatever that these weather
214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
conditions had a good deal to do with the absence or scarcity of a large
proportion of our usually common Bombyces and Geometers.
From time to time I submitted my unknown and doubtful captures to
the late Rev. G. D. Hulst (whose recent classification has been followed
in this list), from whom I always received kindly aid. _ I received a letter
from him, dated but a few days before his untimely death, regarding two
new species, which I have included in this list. named by him as recently
as June 25, 1900. Help has also been given freely by Prof. H. G. Dyar,
to whom my thanks are due.
Eudeilinea herminiata, Guen., has not been included in this list, as t
understand it has been transferred to the Bombycide.
Dyspteris abortivaria, H.-Sch. July rst. Elm Park. Rare.
Nyctobia fusifasciata, Wlk. May 18th and later. Quite rare.
Rachela Bruceata, Hulst. On the wing early in October. Not plentiful.
Paleacrita vernata, Harr. April. Not common here.
Alsophila pometaria, Peck. Seldom out before October. Common.
Eudule mendica, Walk. (Already listed with the Bombyces). Early in
July. Abundant in dark woods.
Talledega tabulata, Hulst. May and July. Common at light and at rest
on trees in woods.
Nannia refusata, Walk. (Harveiata, Pk.). End of June. Very common
in Elm Park.
Tephroclystis implicata, Walk. June. A few at light.
ornata, Hulst. June. Rare.
es miserulata, Grt. June. Rare.
m absynthiata, L. May and August. Here and at Brandon.
5d zygeedenata, Pack. June. Rare.
Tephroclystis raveocostaliata, Pack. Plentiful at light, middle of May,
1598.
Tephroclystis borealis, Hulst. (Unique.)
Tephroclystis latipennis, Hulst, First recorded from Quebec. Descrip-
tions of these two new species appear on page 114, Vol. XXX.
(1898).
Eucymatoge anticaria, Walk. (Strattonata, Pk.). Middle of June. Rare.
i intestinata, Guen. Early in July. Common at light.
ik vitalbata, Hiib. June. Only a pair taken. Rounthwaite.
Venusia ducdecimlineata, Pack. May. Rare here.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215
Venusia comptaria, Walk. (perlineata, Pack.).. Rare. Another early
thing.
Eucheeca albovittata, Guen. July 4th, etc. Flies low in dark woods,
and is difficult to follow.
Euchceca cretaceata, Pack. June. Have a pair from here and another
from Quebec.
Euchceca lucata, Guen. June. Not uncommon in Elm Park, at rest
on trees.
Euchceca albogilvaria, Morr. (Now Acidalia albifera, Walk. See Sep-
tember number of Entomological News.) June. Common in
Elm Park.
Calocalpe undulata, L. July. Occasional in Elm Park, and at rest.
Philereme formosa, Hulst. Only one taken.
Eustroma diversilineatum, Hub. July. At light.
se populatum, L. Middle of July, at light, but not plentiful.
Eustroma testatum, L. End of August. Common in ravine near
Experimental Farm, Brandon.
Eustroma destinatum, Moesch. (and var. lugubratum, M.). Brandon and
Rounthwaite. Another rather late species.
Plemyria hastata, L. Early in July. Rounthwaite and Cartwright.
i tristata, L. Middle to end of June. Rounthwaite.
ys sociata, L. June into July. Common.
Percnoptilota fluviata, Hub. Quite common here.
Mesoleuca ruficiliata, Guen. June. Not common.
. lacustrata, Guen. Fairly common. July.
os intermediata, Guen. Occurs here.
truncata, Hub. Quite rare here.
hersiliata, Guen. Cartwright only.
vasaliata, Guen. Kinosota. Rare.
Hydriomena sordidata, Fab. (var.). May 29th (one). Also from
Cartwright.
Hydriomena trifasciata, Bork. Common. Appears to be double brooded.
Fe californiata, Pack. May zoth (one).
Hydriomena latirupta, Walk. Common. ‘This species must be double
brooded, as I took some this season at sugar, at Brandon, on
October roth.
Hydriomena multiferata, Walk. July 3rd. One at rest in E!m Park.
sé
216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
‘Triphosa dubitata, Linn. ‘This species has much the same habits and
tastes as the Noctuids; it turns up every season, but is never
common. Have taken it at light in April, in May under log on
ground and under loose bark of stump. On October 8th I took
one at sugar, and in the fall and winter have found specimens
in my cellar.
Ccenocalpe magnoliata, Guen. June. Not common here.
Gypsochroa designata, Bork. July. At light.
Xanthorhoe ferrugata, Hub. Common, May and June, at light.
Xanthorhoe unidentaria, Haw. Appears to be rare here; have three
specimens.
XNanthorhoe munitata, Hubn. Cartwright. Named for Mr. Heath by
Prof, J...Bo Smith.
Xanthorh6e montanata, Haw. Have a pair.
Heematopsis grataria, Fab. One of our common species ; comes freely
to light.
Mycterophora Slossonie, Hulst. I got my first specimen on July 15th,
1894, in the house ; the second the following year, in my cellar.
For description see page 120, Vol. XXX. (1898).
Synelys ennucleata, Guen. June and July. Elm Park.
Synelys alabastaria, HUb. (reconditaria, Walk.). June and July. Elm
Park.
Xystrota hepaticaria, Guen. Unique. Cartwright.
Cinglis purata, Guen. July 13th. I have only taken a pair,
Leptomeris quinquelinearia, Pack. June. Common.
e magnetaria, Cartwright.
Eois inductata, Guen. A common prairie species, on the wing early in
June and in August.
Eois Hanhami, Hulst. Out early in June. Have only taken this cpecies
and the following in dark woods. (Elm Park.)
Eois persimilis, Hulst. Out early in June. Both these new species are
described in June number of Vol. XXX. (1898).
Callizzia amorata, Pack. Taken at light, from middle of June into
August. Not common.
Calledapteryx dryopterata, Grt. June 17th, etc. One or two taken
at light. Mr. Hutchinson tells me that he finds this species fairly
abundant at Kinosota, on Lake Manitoba.
Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria, Guen. June. Not very plentiful.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
bo
—
~jJ
Nemoria subcroceata, Walk. Cartwright and Rounthwaite.
Eucrostis incertata, Walk. (gratata, Pack.). May into June. Common
at Bird’s Hill.
Synchlora glaucaria, Guen. End of June into July. Occasional! at light.
Aplodes mimosaria, Guen. Out with glaucaria, but more numerous.
Anaplodes iridaria, Guen. (rectaria, Grt.). The only Manitoba specimen
I have seen is in Mr. Boger’s collection.
Brephos infans, Moesch. Mr. Heath has taken this at Cartwright.
Leucobrephos Middendorfi, Men. April 25th, 1896 (a ¢). Recorded in
January (1897) number of CANADIAN EnTomo.ocist. Mr. Heath
has taken this fine moth, and Mr. Dennis, of Beulah, sent me a 2
for identification.
Epelis truncataria, Walk. Aweme and Cartwright.
Epelis Faxonii, Minot. June rath, etc. Common locally on prairie. Flies
freely during the day.
Eufidonia notataria, Walk. Middle of June. Particularly plentiful at
Rounthwaite in 1899.
Orthofidonia exornata, Walk. June rrth. One at light. Taken also by
Mr. Marmont and Mr. Hutchinson.
Orthofidonia semiclarata, Walk. End of May into june. Rare at Bird’s
Hill.
Orthofidonia vestaliata, Guen. Common. Our first white moth on the
wing.
Gueneria basiaria, Walk. June. Not uncommon.
Deilinia elimata, Hulst. June. Occasional.
variolaria, Guen. June. Quite common.
erythremaria, Guen. June. Not uncommon.
exanthemata, Scop. June. Not uncommon.
Deilinia solamata, Hulst. June roth and July 22nd (1898). Single
specimens flying by day on the prairie.
Sciagraphia granitata, Guen. July. Not at allcommon. Taken at light.
Sciagraphia denticulata, Grt. July 13th. A pair at light. More abun-
dant at Rounthwaite.
Sciagraphia muscariata, Guen. Elm Park. Rare.
we heliothidata, Guen. One at light.
Sciagraphia continuata, Walk. Cartwright and Rounthwaite. Rather a
rarity.
218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Sciagraphia mellistrigata, Grt. Common at light, middle of May and
again in July.
Philobia enotata, Linn. June. Common in Elm Park.
Macaria eremiata, Guen. July 22nd (1898). One on prairie.
“ — dispuncta, Walk. June 29th (1898). One in Elm Park.
Diastictis ribearia, Fitch. July. Quite plentiful. Comes freely to light.
’ sulphuraria, Pack.
Diastictis flavicaria, Pack. Both these species are out early in August ;
neither are common.
Diastictis pustularia, Hub. (latiferrugata, Walk.) Have seen this from
Cartwright and Rounthwaite. Appears to be rare.
Diastictis subalbaria, Hulst. Not common here.
i subfaleata, Hulst. July. A pair taken.
Sympherta Julia, Hulst. July 13th, etc. A few at light.
Apeecasia defluata, Walk.
Apecasia atropunctata, Pack. Neither of these species appear to be
common here,
Alcis sulphuraria, Pack. (baltearia, Hulst). July. At light; three
specimens,
Alcis atrolinearia, Hulst. May 20th. One at rest on fence.
Amilapsis subatomaria, Guen. July 7th, etc. Elm Park, at rest on trees.
Paraphia deplanaria, Guen. Elm Park. Rare.
Selidosema humarium, Guen. One specimen only.
Selidosema umbrosarium, Guen. Common in Elm Park early in the
summer. At rest on trees, sometimes congregating under loose
bark.
Cleora indicataria, Walk. May r7th. One or two at light.
Cleora larvaria, Guen. One specimen only.
Melanolophia canadaria, Guen. May 22nd and later. Common and
variable.
Ectropis crepuscularia, Schif. Plentiful early in the summer.
Lycia ursaria, Pack. Rounthwaite. An early species. (Appears to be
plentiful at Kinosota.)
Lycia cognataria, Guen. June. Not uncommon at rest on houses,
fences, etc., and some have been taken at light.
Nacophora quernaria, Ab. Sm. Cartwright.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219
Apocheima Rachel, Hulst. Mr. Marmont took a male of this species at
Rounthwaite in 1898. The female, which is wingless and spidery,
dropped into the grass and escaped. In 1899 he was more
fortunate, capturing several males and a female. About dusk on
April 27th (same year), I noticed a number of moths flying low
about the ground and along the side of my house. I managed to
bottle four, and jater on, with a light, discovered a pair ‘‘in coitu”
on my cellar window. On the 29th I took two more males at rest
on the same window.
Erannis tiliaria, Harr. Cartwright and Rounthwaite. Have not taken it
myself in Manitoba.
Cingilia catenaria, Cram. A September species. Brandon and Rounth-
waite. Mr. Marmont finds them very abundant in a small swamp
near his place. Those I have seen from Manitoba have been
white ; those from Quebec invariably smoky.
Dyscia orciferata, Walk. A typical prairie species. Taken at Bird’s
Hill, and quite common at Rounthwaite in 1899. On the wing
from early in June into July.
Anagoga occiduaria, Walk. May 22nd, one, and another at light in
June.
Sicya macularia, Harr. July roth, etc. Common at light in 1897 for
about a week ; also taken at Brandon.
Therina endropiaria, G. & R. Quite rare here.
Therina fervidaria, Hib. Aug. 18th, etc. Common in Elm Park, at
bloom ; comes occasionally to sugar.
Metrocampa perlata, Guen. July roth, etc. Not uncommon at light in
1897.
Eugonobapta nivosata, Guen. July. A few at light.
Ennomos subsignarius, Hub. Aug. gth to Sept. 22nd. A few at light.
Xanthotype crocataria, Fab. Plentiful at beginning of July.
Plagodis serinaria, H.-S. Taken at Kinosota by Mr. Hutchinson. Ap-
pears to be rare in the Province.
Plagodis phlogosaria, Guen. Cartwright.
Hyperitis amicaria, H.-Sch. (and var. alienaria, H.-S.). May 2oth, and
common in June. Some of the varieties are very handsome.
Ania limbata, Haw. July. A few at light.
Gonodontis hypochraria, H.-Sch. On the wing from the end of May to
the end of June.
22() THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Gonodontis Warnerl, Haw. June 17th and 2oth. Here and at Rounth-
waite. Not common.
Euchlena obtusaria, Hub. Rare at light in June.
Kuchleena effectaria, Walk. Common at light in June.
Euchlena Johnsonaria, Fitch. (bilinearia, Pack.). A few at light about
the middle of June.
Euchlena ameenaria, Guen. Cartwright.
Kuchlena pectinaria, Schif. (var.). Rare at light in June. This is one of
our most handsome Geometers.
Euchlena abnormalis, Hulst. June 22nd, 1898. One specimen taken at
light.
Selenia alciphearia, Walk. May 2oth. A pair at light.
Metanema inatomaria, Guen. July 3rd, ete. Not uncommon at light.
Metanema determinata, Walk. June 17th.
The following comments upon Prof. Smith’s paper in Can. Env. for
Nov., 1900, 333, have suggested themselves to» me. The types of
Acronycta there discussed are the specimens in Brit. Mus. Coll., and in
several instances my determinations are now adopted by the author.
A. pallidicoma, Grote.
This name is cited without comment, except that the type is a small
female (334}. It would have been more to the point if this name had been
identified with one of the ‘‘ two series into which xy/nzformis allows itself
to be so prettily divided” (Sm. and Dyar, p. 149). Whether as applied
to a form or a species, the name is valid. It is not «xy/énzformis as
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243
identified by me, nor did I ever determine this species as spinigera,
so that the reference (I. c. 167) to my “lists and collection” is erroneous.
I named originally xy/iniformis for Prof. Riley, who published it in the
Missouri Reports.
A. impressa, W\k.
[had previously, after seeing types, considered émpressa, fasctata and
Verrilli as referring to one identical species. I did not, however,
originally determine this species as brumosa. 1 took the, as it
now appears, erroneous identification from Mr. Morrison, to whom it
should be credited. I only knew drumosa from Guenée’s description,
which I could not myself identify. Mr. Walker’s descriptions were quite
unintelligible to me, and there was no guarantee that they referred
positively to species of Acronycta at all.
A. brumosa, Guen.
After referring my swdochrea to this, the name, following Mr. Butler,
is now identified with perswasa. It has always seemed improbable to me
that this latter Southern species should have been intended by Guenée,
and J should not drop a well-founded name on the chance. Probably
when Guenée’s types, Coll. Oberthiir, are examined, these names may be
changed back again, and I should advise students to retain ferswasa.
Later on, in the same paragraph, the author says that Mr. Butler ‘‘ was
correct in uniting dramosa and superans.” If so, Mr. Butler must have
made another mistake. Indeed, it cannot well be that d7zmosa is both
persuasa and superans. What brumosa really is, is hardly settled by the
specimen in Brit. Mus. Guenée told me in 1867 that he had many
of his types, and showed me several in separate glass boxes, comparing
them with what specimens of Acronycta I had brought with me to
Chateaudun. (Guenée stated at the same time that he had returned other
specimens (in some cases the cotypes, as I understood) to Doubleday.
Guenée’s specimens, Coll. Oberthiir, must be gone over before his names
in this genus can be finally decided upon.
A. subochrea, Grote.
This name is now validated, as I contended it should be.
A. impleta, WIk.
I have not the Brit. Mus. Cat. at the moment to again refer to, but
I believe this name was founded upon a fragment, hind wings and body
bo
ce
pie
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
wanting. ‘The description is thus additionally useless for identification,
and the name so founded should be dropped.
A. hamame/is, Guen.
This identification was given us by Guencée. It now seems probable
that Guence had “mixed up” the species, and that “a very dark form of
what we call damamelis being easily confounded with affcta,” Guence
sent an afficta to Doubleday and kept his other type, a dark Aamamelis:
The rule would then in any event validate afficta as being properly
differentiated. The two species would stand:
1. A. afficta, Grote.
=A hamame/lis, Guen., in pars (spec. as type in Coll. B. Mus.).
2. A. hamamedis, Guen., in pars (spec. in Col]. Guen.).
= A. inclara, Sm.
It would prevent much confusion if the names as above were
retained,
A. haesitata, Grote.
This name is now validated. It was evidently owing to my remark
in Psyche that Sm. and Dyar positively made the name a synonym of
clarescens. 1 then admitted the possibility, referring to Mr. Butler’s
identifications, that c/arescens might have been founded on a large pale
hamamelis (=inclara). This brief characterization covers very well and
suggests my Aaesitata.
A. clarescens, Guen.
The identification of this species by me in American collections is
now validated. Guencée, at the time, in comparing his type with my
material, was a little doubtful. But I thought, on the whole, that he was
satisfied with the determination, so I adopted it and labeled my example.
A. increta, Morr.
I wish to say here that any jumbling of the species in Coll. B. Mus. is
not my work. The rearrangement of Mr. Walker’s material is the work of
Mr. Butler, whom Mr. Tutt, and, indeed, Prof. Smith as well, has criticised
for his want of familiarity with the Noctuide. Mr. Walker had no type
labels. The sorting out of specimens as his “types” is therefore uncertain
at Mr. Butler’s hands, especially in the cases which occurred where more
than one species was placed by Mr. Walker over one printed label. The
Ou
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 24
determinations made by myself and Mr. Robinson, and later by Prof.
Fernald, before the Walker collection was meddled with, are entitled
to credit. In other cases we must fall back on the description in the B.
M. Cat., bad as this may be. Anything which contradicts a supposed
identification should be sufficient to overturn it, no matter what the
so-called ‘“‘type” may be.
A. exilis, Grote.
I am glad this form, or species, is at last differentiated and that the
correctness of Mr. Butler’s earlier remarks is vindicated.
A. insolita, Grote.
The type was not originally a “very poor” specimen. After
description it became entirely greasy, and I bathed it in ether, which
gave it a somewhat crumpled look. The original colour and marks came
out again, however; the blackish general hue, against which the gray
marks of the t. p. line clearly contrast, could not suggest to me /anceolaria.
However, the mystery about this species may be now on its way to
solution. The name is in any event valid, if applied to a black form of
lanceolaria.
In the present paper, I refrain from any discussion on the generic
titles as to which I am at variance with Smith and Dyar.
Assuredly, types must Jook typical, and certainly some of the British
Museum so-called types of Walker and Guenée do not look so, for which
there is the best of reasons. They have partly been sorted over and made
into types, or they have been mistakenly labeled, or the labels were mere
determinations of the species not having the force of types. The speci-
mens of Acronycta may include all these categories. As the Guenée labels
are not final until Oberthiir’s collection is examined, what I conclude is,
that the changes, back and forwards, proposed by Prof. Smith, are tentative
merely. Itis wrong to consider them authoritative or conclusive, for the
determinations in Smith and Dyar’s ‘Revision of Acronycta” are put
forward in a positive manner, and now they are equally positively
contradicted by Prof. Smith. It would have been well, as it turns out, if
my original determinations had been let alone. As it seems, I understood
the species of N. Am. Afsate/a, generally speaking, sufficiently well. The
new, mostly Western species, could have been properly added and the
‘Revision ” bided its time.
246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
CYPHODERRIS MONSTROSA.
BY LOUIS W. TURLEY, UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO.
Some time ago, I read a very interesting article, by Dr. S. H.
Scudder, in the CANADIAN ENroMOLoGist, on Cyfphoderrts monstrosa.
‘The rarity of the insect, as set forth by Dr. Scudder’s article, has led me
to write the observations, of myself and others in this section, on an
Orthopteran identified by Professor Aldrich and Professor Bruner as the
above-named insect.
In June of 1899, while walking through a pasture near Moscow, at
dusk one evening, I heard a great many short, intermittent chirps, similar
to the song of Ocecanthus fasciatus; but more subdued and ventriloquial,
and with longer pauses between the measures. I supposed them to be
the songs of crickets, but never before having heard songs like them, I
decided to make an acquaintance with their authors.
Carefully I followed first one and then another to its seeming source,
when, will-o’-the-wisp-like, it would be somewhere else. I began to think
that perhaps they were birds, and that when I came too near they would
run elsewhere, for, once having ceased, no more sound came from that
spot, even though I moved away and remained quiet for some time.
But at last I traced one which continued to sing, although I was but a
foot or two from it. I looked cautiously and carefully about, but noticed
only what appeared to be the empty capsule of a fleur-de-lis of last year.
The song continued. I listened. Yes, that was the place. . There was
no mistake. It was only a foot or so from my ear. Seized by a burning
curiosity to know this spirit songster, I quickly struck a match. At the
appearance of the light, the supposed capsule began slowly to move down
the dry stem. I could not make out just what it was. It did not appear
like a cricket ; besides, a cricket would have hopped instead of slowly
crawling. But what else sang that way but an Orthopteran? However,
there was no time to lose, he was almost to the grass. I had nothing to
put him in, but could not afford to allow him to escape, so grasped him.
He took his capture as a matter of course, making no struggle to free
himself. Elated by my success, I decided to push my conquest farther,
and, after waiting and listening for about half an hour, I captured
another. They lay perfectly still in my hand. I took them to my room,
put them in a tumbler and lighted a lamp. They did not seem to like
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247
the light, but crawled about trying to find an egress. Whenever they
met they fought ferociously, like two cats, one or both lying down, kicking
and biting. After some time I separated them, and they sang to each
other the remainder of the night.
The next evening I again visited the field just after sundown, and
found several specimens crawling up posts, strong grass-stems and other
objects which would allow them to get several inches above the ground.
While singing, the male stands head downward, several inches to a foot
above the ground, on any object sufficiently high, in the meadow. In
this position, presumably to facilitate their escape when disturbed, being
slow of motion, they stridulate with their short, broad, round-pointed,
parchment-like wings. Their song, as I said before, consists of short,
subdued yet distinct measures, intervened by long pauses.
Although I found a great many of them in that, as well as similar
places, I found only males. Professor Aldrich also searched, with the
same success as I. No females have been seen in this vicinity. They
did no apparent damage, so we thought no more about them until this
spring, when Professor Aldrich received a letter from Mr. Stanley, of
Cceur d@’ Alene, Idaho, complaining of great damage done to fruit trees
by a peculiar cricket. Mr. Stanley sent us specimens of his persecutors,
and, on opening the box, we were surprised to recognize our old friend,
C. monstrosa, but contrary to our captures, all the specimens sent us were
females.
In Mr. Stanley’s letter dated May 23rd, 1g0i, he says: ‘‘ They all
live in holes in the ground during active service, which is in the spring,
as soon as the flower-buds of the peach and cherry begin to open, until
June. ‘They prefer the above-named fruits to any other, but are destruc-
tive to apples and pears—in fact, nothing in the fruit line escapes them,
and they do not seem to eat anything else when a fruit tree is in the
vicinity.
‘The great problem is to kill them when the peach and cherry trees
are in bloom, for if they are left unmolested at that time they will so ruin
the fruit-buds that the crop will be severely injured on large trees of all
kinds, and entirely destroyed on those five and six years old.”
Mr. W. W. Yothers, Horticultural Inspector for northern Idaho,
visited Mr. Stanley. He said that the most destructive visit of the
crickets lasted about three weeks during May. He also says that the
248 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
most successful means of combating them, as so far ascertained, Is to
spread sheets under the trees at night, and shake the crickets on to them,
Mr. Stanley fed the crickets gathered thus to the chickens, who devoured
them greedily. At this writing, we have not heard of C. monstrosa from
any other section, except those mentioned by Professor Scudder.
AN ANTIDOTE TO.INSECT-BITES.
BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL,
During a trip to Paraguay to study the mosquito pest, Prof. Voges,
the Director of the National Board of Health at Buenos Ayres, acciden-
tally discovered a remedy for mosquito bites. He had a supply of all
kinds of substances, among which was naphtha/ene, a chemical of no use
whatever against the mosquito itself. A surprising result was produced
on rubbing this chemical on mosquito bites. [ven when the part stung
was greatly inflamed, it had the effect of neutralizing the insect-poison.
By rubbing it on the spot immediately after a person has been bitten, the
swelling that usually follows does not arise.
Soon after hearing of the above remedy, I suggested, more in fun
than in earnest, to a person who was being tortured by flea-bites, to rub
them with a naphthalene or ‘“‘moth” ball. Almost instant relief came
after a good rubbing of the lumps raised by the bite, with a permanent
disappearance of the painful irritation that generally lasts so long.
Personally, I have found “ moth” balls a ready relief for the bites of
gnats, and also the larger Diptera, as well as mosquitoes. A “ moth” ball
is such an easy thing for a person to carry round with him that it is well
worth the trial of all entomologists on any stings or bites they may
receive during any of their excursions. ‘To get good results the “ moth”
ball must be well rubbed on the affected part for a few minutes.
Most entomologists use this chemical in the form of cones or balls
for the protection of their collections. But I get better results from
using it in its crystalline form, sprinkled in the cases now and again, It
is entirely volatile when it is in its pure state, and the purest commercial
quality is the crystalline and should leave no residue on evaporating in
the cases. It not only keeps out insect mites, but also prevents mould,
destroys bacteria and schizomycetes, and, being neutral, it has no
reaction on paper or colours of the insects. But, most important to the
user, it is not poisonous to man.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249
ON SOME GENERA OF STAPHYLINIDA, DESCRIBED BY
THOS. «Lb, CASEY:
BY E. WASMANN, S. J., LUXEMBURG.
tr. In his Coleopterological Notices, V., p. 594, Mr. Casey described
a new genus of AZecocharini under the name of JA/yrmobiota (crassicornts,
Cas., n. sp.) as allied to Homeusa, Kr. ‘The only specimen was captured
at Iowa City (Iowa) by Mr. H. F. Wickham. Some time afterwards I
received three specimens of an insect very like our fomausa, under the
name of JZyrimobiota crassicornis, Cas., one directly from Mr. Wickham
(captured at Iowa City, June 6, 1896), two through the kindness of Rev.
P. J. Schmitt (captured by Wickham at Iowa City, bearing Wickham’s
number, 9561). After having compared this species attentively with our
Homeusa acuminata, | could not doubt that it belonged to the same
genus as the latter. I published a note on this subject in the Zijdschrift
voor LEntomologie, XLI., 1898, p. 11, declaring J/yrmobiota to be the
same genus as /fomeusa.
Meanwhile, Mr. Casey described in /ourn. Mew York Entom. Soc.,
VIII., No. 2, June, 1go00, p. 53-54, two new genera allied to Homeusa
and A/yrmobiota: Soliusa and Decusa. As to my identification of
ggested Mr. Wickham
might have sent me a So//wsa under the name of AZyrmobiota.
Myrmobiota crassicornis with Homeusa, he su
Not knowing yet this last paper, which Casey kindly communicated
to me later, I had sent him a typical specimen of our European Homeusa
acuminata without indication of locality, and asked him whether this
species was not a A/yrmodiota. But he answered it seemed to be a true
flomeusa, as it was indeed.
After having studied the comparative description of the genera
Homeusa, Myrmobiota, Soliusa and Decusa, and having compared it
with my specimens, I can give the following explanation :
(a) The three specimens of “ AZyrmobiota crassicornis,” from Mr.
Wickham, in my collection are indeed Sod:usa crinitula, Casey, as Mr.
Casey has suggested.
As to the value of Casey’s three new genera allied to Homeusa, the
following is my opinion:
(6) Decusa, Cas. (expansa, Lec.), is certainly a good new genus,
having ro-jointed antenne (/Zomeusa, Soliusa and Myrmobiota have
11-jointed antennie), besides other differences ; it was quite necessary to
200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
create a new genus tor /fom, expansa, Lec., and I fully agree with Mr.
Casey on this point.
(c) So/iusa cannot be divided generically from //omwusa.
(2) Myrmabiota cannot be divided generically from /fomeusa.
(ad c) The only cmportant differences between So/iusa and Homaeusa
are: ‘The two basal tergites narrowly and deeply impressed in /fomausa,
not impressed in So/iwsa; the basal joint of the posterior tarsi nearly (or
fully) as long as the next two combined in //omausa, distinctly shorter
than the next two combined in Soé/wsa. ‘The first difference is no generic
one, but only a specific one; the second is sometimes a generic, some-
times only a specific difference [e. y., in Lomechusa mongolica, Wasm., the
first joint of the posterior tarsi is nearly twice as long as the second and
twice as broad; in Lomechusa strumosa, V., it is only very little longer
and scarcely broader than the second; similar differences exist also
between Afemeles fPubtcollis and paradoxus, and between J/yrmecia
(Nototaphra) lauta and /ugubris, Cas.|. If no other important differ-
ences jo/v themselves to this one, it cannot be regarded as a generic, but
only as a specific, difference.
(a@ @) The only ¢mportant differences between J7yrmobiota and
Hlomeusa are the thickness of the antenne, the form of the thorax, and
the relative length of the basal joint of the posterior tarsi, the latter
difference being the same as between So/7wsa and /fomeusa. I refer to
the above exposition. As to the thickness of the antenne in A7yrmodbiota,
this character may be only of specific value, if no other important differ-
ences are joined to it (cf. the different specific thickness of antenne in the
genus J/yrmedonia, Lir., or in the genus /%//usina, Wasm.). As to the
different form of the thorax, its sides being nearly parallel towards the
base and with rectangular basal angles in //omausa, evidently contracted
towards the base with obtuse basal angles in J/yrmodiota, the posterior
margin being distinctly sinuated in /fomeusa, not visibly sinuated
in AZyrmobiota, this difference cow/d be a generic one if it were connected
with other important differences; but it can be also merely a specific
difference. ‘This seems to be confirmed by the fact that the sides of the
thorax are distinctly converging towards the base in some of my
specimens of fomeusa acuminata, parallel in others. We must not
forget that the form of the thorax is often widely different in different
species of the same genus of myrmecophilous Aleocharini; cf. Atemeles
emarginatus, Payk., and paradoxus, Grav.; Lomechusa strumosa, F., and
bo
Or
| el
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
mongolica, Wasm. Between the last-named two species the sides of the
thorax and the form of the posterior angles differ just as between
Myrmobiota and Homeusa; in the first-named two species it differs
even more.
Therefore, I conclude, if we accept the differences between //omausa,
Soliusa and Myrmobiota with Mr. Casey as generic ones, we would
be obliged to create new genera for most of the ‘good species” among
Lomechusa, Atemeles, etc. But this system cannot be adopted, because
the number of genera would increase ad infinitum without necessity. I
prefer, therefore, to consider JMJ/yrmobiota crassicornis and Soliusa
crinitula, Cas., as good species of the old genus HYomeusa, Kraats.
The host of Soliusa crinitula, with which Mr. Wickham found my
specimens, is Zasius americanus, Em., a race or variety of Lasius niger,
L., with which our European Homeusa acuminata, Merk., is living. I
have also a specimen of So//usa crinituda, found by Prof. W. M. Wheeler
with Las. aphidicola, Walsh, at Colebrook, Conn,
2. In the same paper (Journ. New York Ent. Soc., VIII., n. 2, 1900,
p- 55) Mr. Casey creates the new genus C&ifosa for Dinarda nigrita,
Rosenh., living with Stexamma (Aphenogaster) testaceopilosum in the
Mediterranean region. I had PD. uigrita in my collection already, long
ago, and intended to describe it as a new swd-genus of Dinarda, the
peculiar form of the ligula being quite identical with Dinarda Hagenst,
dentata, etc. But I must confess that the extraordinary structure of the
basal joint of the posterior tarsi, which Casey has described very well, is
a sufficient character for a new geuzws sensu stricto, the more as it is
connected with other important differences in the structure of .the
antenne and of the prothorax.
The last four joints of the posterior tarsi in Chitosa seem to be
in a process of degeneration, which would conduct finally to the very
extraordinary form of the tarsi as described in the genera Sympolemon,
Wasm., and Doryloxenus, Wasm. (Congo and S. Africa). It would be
very important to know if Dinarda clavigera, Fauv. (Revue d’Entom.,
1899, p. 33), from Abyssinia belongs also to Chiétosa.
3. In his Coleopterological Notices, V., p. 321 and 327, Mr. Casey
described a new genus of Aleocharini, Vo/otaphra, allied to AZyrmedonia,
Er. One of the two species of this genus, Vofotaphra lauta, Cas.,
had been sent to me by Mr. E. A. Schwarz and Mr. Theo. Pergande as a
new species found with Zafinoma sessile, Say, in Massachusetts by Mr.
252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Blanchard. Not knowing its identity with Nolotaphra lauta, Cas. (1893),
I had redescribed it in my “Avétisches Verseichniss” (1894, p. 74 and
206)under the name of IZprmacta picta. In comparing it with our European
Myrmaca plicata, Kr., and /usst, Kr., | found not the slightest generic
difference. Also, Casey’s description of Aofotaphra coincides with that
of MWyrmecia, Rey. Even the sexual differences—the males bearing large
tubercles on certain dorsal segments of the abdomen, a very characteristic
mark of J/yrmecia—are also present in Wototaphra. ‘Therefore, Votota-
prra, Cas.,is a synonym of Myrmecia, Rey., and my JI/yrme@cia picta
must bear the name J/prmacia lauta, Casey.
Also, some other new genera of Staphylinide described by Mr. Casey
may prove to be identical with older European genera by and by. In
faunas of so near a relation as the palearctic and nearctic, it is
very difficult indeed to find out all generic affinity immediately ;
this is no reproach, therefore, to Mr. Casey’s study. A good many of his
new genera will prove really distinct from our European forms.
THE LIFE-HISTORY OF NANNOTHEMIS BELLA, UHEER:
BY R. WEITH AND J. G. NEEDHAM.
1. Field Observations on the Habits of the Species, by R.Weith.
Nannothemis bella, Uhl., is one of the smallest of dragon-flies. Of
its life-history we have had no knowledge up to the present time. Until
the publication of Williamson’s Catalogue of the Dragon-flies of Indiana,
last year, it was recorded only from our north-east Atlantic seaboard. I
have frequently met with it in Elkhart and St. Joe Counties, the two
northermost counties in Indiana; but, what has been most perplexing to
me, only in a few very restricted areas, these areas not exceeding 50
yards in length by 25 yards in width from margin of lake. The only
places I have met with it are at Simonton Lake, a distance of four and
one-half miles from the City of Elkhart, Indiana, and Indiana and Bald-
win Lakes, thirteen miles north-east of Elkhart, on the boundary line that
divides Indiana from Michigan, In the latter place, on a smaller area
than at Simonton Lake, the imago is very numerous. — I*requent
endeavors to find the species at other places where similar conditions
prevail proved unsuccessful.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253
Unlike most other Odonata, the imagoes do not fly higher than a few
feet above the ground, preferring to alight on the marsh grass and bask
in the sunshine, where numerous small Diptera suitable for food hover
over the little stagnant pools.
Professor J. G. Needham published in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Vol. XXXI., p. 69, 1900, a list of those of our native Odonate genera of
which no nymphs were known, and spurred by his desire to obtain the
nymph of Nannothemis, inasmuch as the imago is to be found here in
abundance, I undertook in a systematic way the task of securing it for
him. The time of emergence for imagoes of this species 1s, according to
my records, June 6th to 25th; the period of flight continues until the
end of July. I began my search on the 18th of April. Using a dragnet,
I explored the shore and grass-fringed margin of the lake, near where the
imago is found, but without success. These places yielded lots of other
nymphs, but no Nannothemis. ‘Then, collecting in those places in the
marsh where the water is from one to three feet in depth among the
rushes and sedges proved fruitless also. ‘This convinced me that the
home of the coveted nymph must be the almost dry marsh-land, with here
and there a hole with a few inches of water in it. The holes were too
small to allow the use of a net: I had to dip the water out with my
hands. In them I was surprised to find a great number of Libellula
nymphs, among which were two that proved to be the nymphs desired.
Not being able to find any more in these holes, I then searched
thoroughly the debris which had been deposited on the marsh during
high water, and which still lay in many places covered by a few inches of
water. Here I found I could collect in an hour eighteen to twenty-five
of them. But it was very trying on the collector, for the nymph of WV.
bella is the most sluggish insect I know of ; Stratiomyia and Odontomyia
larvee, which are abundant in the same places, are race-horses in
comparison. Removed from the water, the nymph clings closely to
grass or debris of exactly its own colour, and does not stir even after
letting this dry: so it is hard to see, and everything has to be picked
over very carefully.
On June 22nd I found a number of females ovipositing, in the
shallow places where I had found the nymphs, in temporary water one to
two inches in depth and very warm. The female dips her abdomen to
the surface, after the manner of all Libellulines, but only about three or
four times, then rests on the grass a few minutes and then repeats.
254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
The eggs are creamy-white, turning dark in a short time, with a
scanty gelatinous envelope,
—~—
2. Description of the Nymph, by }. G. Needham.—Fig. 8.
The nymph, fully grown, measures in total length of body 10 mm.;
abdomen, 5.5 mm.; hind femur, 3.5 mm.; width of head, 3.5 mm.; of
abdomen, 4 mm.
Colour, almost uniform tawny yellowish-brown, paler below and on
the sutures, more or less completely obscured by adherent vegetable
debris. Body moderately hairy on lateral margins, especially hairy
toward the end of the abdomen.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255
Head compact, one-third wider than long, scurfy, hairy above
excepting a pair of bare spots near the hind margin, with prominent
hemispherical eyes covering the antero-lateral angles, narrower behind
the eyes, with parallel sides, rounded hind angles, and almost straight
hind margin. Antenne shorter than the head is long, 7-jointed, with
scattering hairs along the distal joints. Labium extending posteriorly
between the bases of the fore legs; median lobe broadly triangular, half
as long as wide, rounded on tip, with two spinules close together just
before the tip, and several others each side along the front border farther
apart ; raptorial setee on the mentum, ro each side, the fourth or fifth
(counting from the side) longest, the three innermost ones quite small ;
lateral labial lobes ample, with six raptorial setz, and a spinule at the
base ; hook straightish to the slender, slightly-incurved tip, hardly longer
than the seta, but much stouter ; teeth almost obsolete, bi-spinulose.
Prothorax with prominent spiracles ; legs hairy, especially the tibiz
externally ; tarsal claws not strongly incurved ; second tarsal joint one-
half longer than the first, and the third one-half longer than the second ;
wings reaching well upon the 6th abdominal segment.
Abdomen somewhat depressed, oblong, widest on the 6th segment,
the 9th segment as wide as the 2nd, narrowed with extraordinary abrupt-
ness on the roth segment, which is almost included within the apex of
the gth. No dorsal hooks at all; in their places are tufts of a few long
hairs, and whitish spots in the anteapical membrane of the segments.
Lateral spines on segments 8 and 9g, hooklike, starting outward at base,
and incurved at tip, on § one-half the length of the segment, on 9 a little
longer than on 8. Hairs on the apical carinz well developed, especially
so on segment g, which they completely encircle, constituting a long
fringe which completely overhangs the roth segment and the appendages.
Appendages about as long as the 9th segment is on its slightly shorter
dorsal side, lateral appendages a third shorter.
Since the discovery and description of the nymph of Zuchopteryx
Thoreyi, Sel., by Messrs. Atkinson and Williamson, last year, this species
has remained the most important discovery to be made. It is our only
representative of that singular group of Libelluline genera which Karsch
called the Nannophye*. Mr. Weith’s zeal and industry have brought this
nymph to light, and there now remain of all the genera of Odonata of the
northern United States and Canada but two in which no nymphs are
known, and they are Gompheschua and Micrathyria.
*Ent. Nachr., vol. xv., pp. 245-263.
256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
A NEW GENUS IN THE CQELIXIN/:.
BY ES. G. TITUS, URBANA, ILLINOIS.
Chrysopheon, new genus.
General shape and appearance of an “/:peo/us ; labrum very long,
rounded transversely, labial palpi 4-jointed, first joint /ongest, third and
fourth subequal; maxillary palpi 2-jointed, second joint longest and
tapering, maxillze long, sickle-shaped and convoluted; scutellum with
two short slightly-incurved spines, postscutellum produced medially into
a short, sharp, upturned tooth ; marginal cell rounded, not attaining the
costa, second sub-marginal cell longer than first, narrowed above ;
receiving both recurrent nervures, claws bifid, inner tooth shortest, no
pulvilli ; abdomen convex, densely pubescent and banded, last segment
of female bare, narrowed slightly and emarginate a very little at tip.
Differs from Deoxys, Lepel., by second sub-marginal cell longer than
first, and by first joint of labial palpi being longer than second ; from
foplopasites, Ashm., by the colour of the abdomen as well as other charac.
ters; from vastes, Panzer, by shape of abdomen and by palpal characters.
Chrysopheon aurifuscus, NeW species.
?.—Black ; pubescence golden-brown ; head closely, confluently
punctured, clypeus coarsely, closely punctured with an elevated smooth
carina on its anterior edge ; labrum narrowed near base and truncate at
anterior end, confluently punctured, except at base, where it is longitudinally
striate, striz separate; mandibles black, bidentate with outside groove ;
face with rather long hair, occiput and cheeks with shorter hair; antennz
black; base of metathorax with a row of regular pits, much as in some
Colletes ; pubescence of dorsum of metathorax short; on pleura, scutellum
and sides of metathorax longer, denser; wings clouded with a few hyaline
spots; tegule reddish testaceous, hairy, punctured, shining; stigma
black ; legs with sparse glittering golden-brown pubescence, tarsi reddish ;
first four dorsal segments of the abdomen with dense short pubescence,
on apical margins heavier and forming distinct hair-bands; fifth
segment with a narrow apical band, sixth segment bare, narrowed
very slightly towards the tip, longer than wide and slightly emarginate at
tip ; first five ventral segments with strongly visible hair-bands, that on
first narrower than others and all five segments sparsely pubescent with
short hair; last segment smooth, rounded at tip, and shorter than the
last dorsal segment; abdomen with close medium-sized punctures ;
ventrally the punctures are larger and more separate. Length 12 mm.
Habitat.—Colorado. Described from two females taken on Horse-
tooth Mt., near Ft. Collins, altitude 7,500 ft., June 14, 1899, on M/onarda
citriodora and Carysop villosus.
The types are in the collection of the Colo. Agr’l College.
Prof. Cockerell suggested to me that perhaps this was near J/e/ecta
mucida, Cress., and that that species might belong to the same genus.
The type of JAZ. mucida is in Acad. Nat. Sc. of Philadelphia. Mr.
Vierick writes me from there that the mouth parts are entirely concealed.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25
NOTES ON THE GENUS OSMIA.
BY E. S. G. TITUS, URBANA, ILLINOIS.
The maxillary palpi of Osa (sens. lat.) are given by most authors as
four-jointed. J have examined the maxillary palpi of sixteen species in
this group, and find in every instance that these palpi are jve-jointed.
The first joint is usually small, sometimes globular in shape, and visible
with a hand-lens only under very favorable conditions. The following
species were examined: From the coll. of the State Agr’l College of
Colorado—O. armaticeps, Cr. ; Coloradensis, Cr.; dubia, Cr. ; fulgida,
Cr.; integra, Cr.; lignaria, Say, and mandibularis, Cr., all from
Colorado.
Yroadlory gages
. 0 Oswns sy KbO.
Fic. 9.
From the U. S. Nat. Museum—0O. adjecta, Cr. (Calif.) ; albiventris,
Cr. (Can.) ; armaticeps, Cr. (Colo.) ; Californica, Cr. (Calif.) ; chalybea
(Bla:):; cobasiina, Cr. (La.) ; densa, Cr. (V. I.) ; distinda, Cr (Renn);
dubia, Cr. (Colo.) ; lignaria, Say (Kans., Ga.) ; integra, Cr. (Colo.), and
marginipennis, Cr. (La.). From the collection of Mr. Wm. H. Ashmead
—O. Californica, Cr. (Wash.) ; chalybea (Wash.) ; cobaltina, Cr. (La.) ;
distincta, Cr. (Wis.). From Ohio University—O. chalybea, Sm., and
lignaria, Say; also.a few other specimens from various places—Q.
chalybea, Sm. (N. J.) ; albiventris, Cr. (Penn.) ; dignaria, Say (Wis.,
Penn.), and megacephalus, Cr. (Penn.).
I wrote to Prof. Cockerell regarding these facts, and under date of
May 20, 1gor, he replies: ‘‘Z hasten to assure you that Osmia has
Sjoimted maxillary palpi. * * * To make the thing doubly sure, my
wife and I just now examined the maxillary palpi of the following species,
and they are all 5-jointed: O. lignaria, O. cornuta (Europe); O. phenax,
O. albiventris, O. Kincaidti, O. brevis, O. calla, O. nanula.”
258 THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
I am under obligations to Prof.C. P.Gillette, for the use of the material
in the coll. Colo. Agr’! College ; to Mr. W. H. Ashmead, for the loan of
specimens from the U. S. Nat. Museum, and from his own collection; to
Prof. Osborn, for specimens loaned me from Ohio University collection ;
and to Prof. Cockerell and Mr. W. J. Fox, for determinations and other
favours.
THREE NEW SPECIES OF CULICIDAL.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.
During his extensive investigation of the mosquitoes of this country,
Dr. L. O. Howard encountered three apparently new forms, and in order
that these mav he referred to intelligently in his correspondence and
otherwise, he has instructed the writer to name and characterize them in
one of our entomological journals. ‘Vhe deseriptions are therefore offered
herewith :
Psorophora Howardti, new species.
Male.—Head black, upper half of occiput covered with appressed
white scales, except a narrow median stripe, hairs black; first joint of
antenne yellow, second joint black, its extreme base yellow, the two
terminal joints black, remainder of antennze alternate black and whitish,
the plumosity black changing to whitish at the ups; mouth-parts black,
base of third joint of palpi yellow, palpi covered with violet-purple
appressed scales, the last joint narrower than the preceding, tapering to
the apex, its hairs sparse and very short, the penultimate joint and apical
fifth of the preceding bearing many rather long hairs; body black, the
humeri yellow, pleura and sides of mesonotum bearing many appressed
white scales, abdomen on upper side covered with appressed violet-purple
scales, those on the first segment and a few at the hind angles of some of
the other segments white; wings hyaline, first basal cell much longer
than the second, petiole of first submarginal cell subequal in length to the
cell; femora yellow, the apices black and on the under side fringed with
rather long, narrow, nearly erect scales, remainder of femora thinly
covered with appressed violaceous scales ; front and middle tibiz yellow,
their apices brown, thinly covered with appressed violaceous scales, hind
tibie brown, the extreme bases yellow, covered with appressed violet-
purple scales interspersed with many suberect brown ones ; tarsi brown,
the first joint, except its apex, and the base of the second yellow; claws
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 40
of front and middle tarsi very unequal in size, the anterior claw of each
pair bearing two teeth, the other with a single tooth, claws of hind tarsi
of an equal size, each one-toothed; halteres yellow, becoming brown at
the apex.
Female.—Differs from the male as follows: Antenne dark brown,
the first joint and base of the second yellow, the hairs dark brown, palpi
dark brown, the basal third yellow, bearing a few rather long hairs ; hind
tibize yellow, the apices brown, tarsal claws equal, each one-toothed.
Length, excluding the proboscis, 6 mm. Three males and one
female, received from Dr. W. C. Coker, of the Johns Hopkins University.
Type No. 5793, U. S. National Museum.
Habitat.—Hartsville, South Carolina.
This fine ‘species is respectfully dedicated to Dr. L. O. Howard,
whose investigations have so much increased our knowledge of the early
stages and distribution of the members of this impertant family.
Culex Currie’, new species.
Head black, scales on lower parts of occiput white, on the upper part
light yellow, usually a patch of golden-brown ones between, a few erect
black scales and bristles on the sides, antennze and mouth-parts dark brown,
base of the former yellow ; body black, scales of mesonotum light yellow,
a median and usually a lateral vitta of golden-brown ones, those of the
pleura white, of the abdomen yellowish-white, a pair of black-scaled spots
on segments 2 to 5; femora and tibiz yellow, brownish at the apices,
covered with mixed yellowish-white and brown scales, tarsi brown, the
front ones having the base and apex of the first two joints and base of the
third, the middle with the base and apex of the first three joints and base
of the fourth, the hind ones with both ends of the first four joints and the
whole of the last. one, whitish, all claws one-toothed ; wings hyaline,
scales of the veins. mixed yellowish-white and brown, petiole of first
submarginal cell about three-fourths as long as that cell; halteres yellow ;
length 4 tc 5 mm. Five female specimens. Type No. 5798, U.S.
National Museum.
Habitat.— University, N. Dakota (June, 1896 ; Mr. R. P. Currie,
after whom the species is named); Colorado; Boise, Idaho (Mr. C. B.
Sampson); and Palo Alto, Cal. (Nov. 8, 1900; Prof. V. L. Kellogg).
Near the European C. dorsalis, Meigen, but according to Theobald
that species has simple tarsal claws,
260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Aedes Smithii, new species.
Black, the pleura largely, venter, bases of halteres, coxwe and bases
of femora yellow, scales of upper sides of body dark brown, some on the
abdomen having a violaceous reflection, scales of femora black, those on
the under side light yellow, scales of hind tibie black, those on the inner
side and on the front and middle tibite and their tarsi light yellow, tarsal
claws simple; wings hyaline, first submarginal cell nearly twice as long
as its petiole; length 3 mm. ‘lwo males and three females bred from
material received from Prof. J. B. Smith, after whom the species is
named. ‘Type No. 5799, U.S. National Museum.
Habitat.—Lahaway, New Jersey.
At the suggestion of the writer, Prof. Smith submitted specimens of
this species to Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of the Museum of Comp, Zoology
at Cambridge, Mass., for comparison with the type of Aedes fuscus, and
Mr. Henshaw replied that the two forms are very distinct. The new
species will readily be recognized by the absence of cross-bands of yellow-
ish scales at the bases of the abdominal segments.
BOOK NOTICE.
CaTALoG DER LeEpIpOPTEREN des Paleearctischen Faunengebietes von
Dr. Phil., O. Staudinger und Dr. Phil., H. Rebel. Dritte Auflage des
Cataloges der Lepidopteren des Europzeischen Faunengebietes:
Berlin. Friedlander & Sohn, Mai rgot.
This is an old friend in a new dress, and yet the dress is not at first
so different, for general arrangement, typography, method: of citation,
etc., are very much like those of the preceding edition. Part LI,
Papilionide to Hepialida, is by Staudinger and Rebel, and contains 411
pages, aside from the 30 pages of introduction and explanations. Part
IL., Pyralide to Micropterygide, is by Dr. Rebel, and contains 368
pages, which, however, include the generic and specific indices to both
parts. ‘That the work fully equals in all respects the previous edition
goes without saying ; it does even much more, and represents, though not
fully, the intermediate progress in classification.
No one who has not met both authors can understand the real
marvel of this combined work.
Dr. Staudinger, old, slow and conservative ; utterly out of touch with
modern methods ; distrustful and suspicious of characters unfamiliar to
.
!
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261
him ; positive in his convictions, with an almost unparalleled knowledge
of species and the widest possible acquaintance with their distribution.
Dr. Rebel, young, active, prompt in decision and action; fully
acquainted with modern methods and in full sympathy with them ;
appreciative of characters different from those traditionally used, open-
minded, yet equally positive in opinion.
Two more divergent collaborateurs could scarcely be imagined, and
the introductory remarks by Dr. Rebel show how slowly the work
progressed and how nearly it was at times abandoned, owing to appar-
ently irreconcilable differences of opinion. ‘That it was the younger man
who gave way 1n ost cases appears plainly enough, and that in certain
directions the catalogue would have been much improved had he had his
way is also certain.
Yo mention one case only: the addition of the citation of the place
of original description of the genera used, as desired by Dr. Rebel, would
have improved the usefulness of the ‘“‘ Catalog” immensely for the general
student,
The rules concerning nomenclature laid down in the second edition
are approved and continued as a guide to the third edition.
The Papilionide at the beginning of the butterflies is familiar; but
the term Rhopalocera is lacking, and after the Prerv7de we now have the
Nymphalide instead of the Lycenide; which do not follow until after
the Libytheide and Erycinide. The Hesperiidae end this series as usual;
but we have now only VII. Families as against X., with 74 genera and
716 species, as against 44 and 456 of the previous edition.
The term Heterocera is also abandoned, and series like ‘‘ Bombyces”
or ‘‘ Noctuze” have ceased to exist. Instead of that, VIII., Sphzngide,
follows without comment after VII., Hesperizd@. It is a pity that in the
Sphingide the Smerinthine series could not have been placed at the foot
as the more generalized, rather than Zhyreus, which is certainly more
specialized.
Now comes an important change, when “1X. Wotodontide,” replaces
the Sesz7de of the former edition and so X. Zhaumetopoede and XI.
“Lymantriide, are unfamiliar; though as Cnethocampa and Liparide we
had been used to seeing them elsewhere. XII. Zastocampide, XIII.
Endromide, X\V. Lemoniide, XV. Saturniide, XV\. Brahmaiide, XVI.
Bombycide, XVIII. Drepanide, XIX. Callidulide, XX. Thyridide,
precede in order the XXI. WVoctuide. These latter are divided into
262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Acronyctine, Trifine, Gonopterine, Quadrifine and SFypenine. All
these have sub-family terminations; but under the rules generally
accepted by American entomologists the terms Zr7fnue and QOuadrifine
are improperly used for sub families since there is no representative
genus. ‘These divisions represent a structural character.
The (XXIL.) Agaristide, (XXIIL.) Cymatophoride and (XXIV.)
Brephide, precede the (XXV.) Geometride, which latter are divided into
5 sub-families.
Then come XXVI. Urauntide, XXVIII. Lpiplemide, XXVIII.
Nolide, XX1X. Cymbida, XXX. Syntomide and XXXI. Arctiide, all n
unusual sequence and in unfamiliar association: ZLithosiine being
degraded to sub-family rank.
Then come XXXII. Aeterogynide, XXXIIL Zygaenide, XXXIV.
Megalopygida, XXXV. Cochiitde and XXXVI. Psychide, before at last
we reach the Sesz7d@ (XXXVII.), which lead to XXXVIII. Cosside,
XXXIX. Hepialide and so to the end of Part I.
The Aepia/ide it will be noted are yet left among what are conven-
tionally termed Macros, and not a hint of their association with the other
‘“Jugatz ” 1s given,
Part II. is by Dr. Rebel alone and includes the series usually called
Micros. ‘They are divided into 18 families of very unequal extent, the
first and most extensive being the Pyra/ide with 206 genera and 1,309
species distributed in 12 sub-families. Pterophoride come second and
compared with our fauna are very well represented. The Orneodeide
make family III., without any very obvious relation to the Zortricide
which come after them and are distributed in three sub-families. Then
come the Tineid series, as V. Glyphypterygide, V1. Vponomeutide, VII,
Plutellide, VIN. Gelechiide, 1X. Tinaegeritde, X. Elachistide, XI.
Gracilartide, XII. Lyonetiide, NI Wepticulide, X1V. Taleporida,
XV. Zineide, XVI. Crinopterygide, XVII. Eriocraniide and XVIII.
Micropterygide.
The importance of these departures in the new catalogue cannot be
overestimated. “Staudinger” has been in such universal use in
continental collections and has been so uniformly employed as a guide,
that the system therein adopted had become crystallized. Now even the
most conservative are forced forward a step, while to the novice who gets
this new edition as his first guide, it will come as easily as the older
order.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263
An excellent portrait of Dr. Staudinger forms the frontispiece, and ts
remarkably characteristic of the man as I saw him only a few weeks
before his death. The last letter I received from him was in acknowledg-
ment of a copy of my own “Catalogue of the Noctuide of Temperate
North America,” and in this letter he mentioned his readiness to start for
that “ Erholungsreise ” from which he never returned alive.
Joun B. SMITH.
CORRESPONDENCE.
A PROTEST.
Sir,—I very frequently read remarks in Entomological papers
deploring the fact that the large and interesting Order of Hymenoptera
has comparatively so few students! One of the chief causes. is. the
continual chaneing of already-established names, the creating of new
species where only slight resemblance exists or where determination
is based upon one lone ¢ or ? only, and the frequent retracting of passed
opinions by some authors, as is the case with Prof. Robertson in Prosopis
zizie, Robt., in March number of Ent. News and Can. Ent., May, 1896.
Then again in Can. Enr., Aug., tgor, such a lot of species and genera
based upon imaginary (?) characters! What can one make of “peo/us
lectoides, n. sp., based on one female ‘closely resembling /. /ectus, Cr.,
and may be ‘the same”? If an author cannot tell whether it is distinct or
not, why name it? Again, “Malictus truncatus, n. sp.: This species
and A. arcuatus, Robt., have both been identified as AZ szmz/ts, Sm.”
Chelostomoides, 0. g., proposed for a single species, ‘with general
characters of AZegachile.” In Trans. Acad. Sc. of St. Louis, Vol. X., No.
2, the genus Parandrena, which has been proposed by him, is suppressed
as needless. It remains to be seen whether the new genus Paradictus—
Can. Ent.—will fare better, and a few more instances which I will
not mention. It is such work that is confusing, not to say disgusting, toa
student like me. R. J. Werrn, Elkhart, Ind.
ANOTHER PROTEST.
Sir,—I had been rather anxiously looking out for a further instal-
ment of Mr. Hanham’s list of Manitoban moths, as I wanted to compare
notes about certain of the Geometers. It is just to hand, but when I
264. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
reached Zephroclystis implicata, etc., | threw it down in disgust. |
fancy that almost every one the wide world over with any knowledge of
”?
entomology knows the old genus /:wfithecia, or “ Pugs” as we call them
in England, but who outside a small circle of American pseudo-savants
would know what is meant by the new name? > What is a name in
entomology? It is merely an arbitrary sign by which genera and species
are distinguished one from another. ‘To attempt to make entomology an
exact science like mathematics seems to me the height of human folly.
An injurious species will not be rendered less harmful by transfer from a
genus in which it has quietly reposed for many years and become well
known, into another genus and under another name. America does not
constitute the whole of the world. ‘There are other countries and other
entomologists, although they do not stand out so prominently as do the
Americans, the latter having been forced into activity by the peculiar
natural conditions that here obtain, and which are not in force in Europe.
There seems to be a class of savants here who, to the honour and
glory of themselves, and to the confusion of every one else, are
endeavouring to upset everything that has been previously done else-
where, as though their little world constituted the whole globe. ‘They
seem determined as far as possible to ignore that many fossils, plants,
beetles, moths, and flies, etc., are common to both the Old and New
Worlds, to say nothing of birds, fishes, mammals, etc., and that many
other species only show slight variations in type, far less indeed than
the inhabitant of the Eastern States differs from the typical ‘‘ John Bull,”
his progenitor.
If I can only induce entomologists in America to take a world-wide
view of matters, and not confine their ideas and minds to their own little
collections, circumscribed by four walls, this feeble protest of mine will
not be thrown away, and much pain and grief be saved to humble
students like myself.
What a terrible punishment it would be in the hereafter to be
doomed to perpetually make out new lists of such ‘‘jawcrackers” as
appear in the list in question !
E. FiRMSTONE Heatu, Cartwright, Manitoba.
Mailed September 4th, gor.
3 or
; oat :
The nadia Sutomolagist.
VoL. XXXIIL. LONDON, OCTOBER, root. No. 10
NEW DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA FROM BOLIVIA.
BY A. G. WEEKS, JR., BOSTON, MASS.
Papilio Cochabamba, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia. Expanse, 4.00 inches.
Front of head dark, greenish black. Between the eyes, two dots
of greenish white, and another dot at ‘‘collar,” followed by two more
similar dots on front of thorax. Antenne, greenish black, extreme
point slightly brownish. Thorax, above, dark greenish black ; beneath,
black with a large yellowish spot at base of costal nervule, another
also at base of costal nervule of hind wing, both with a small white dot
above them. Legs, black above ; beneath, whitish, the white extending
on to thorax as a dash.
Abdomen above, greenish cream colour (very prominent), black tip.
Below, black with a white spot at base of each segment on both sides.
Between these spots and the cream colour of upper part, are a series of
yellowish dashes.
Fore wings above, greenish black, but with a decided greenish lustre
covering outer half. The interspaces at hind margin edged with white.
Hind wings of same ground colour, the greenish lustre being
somewhat brighter and more prominent. Covering nearly the whole of
the subcostal space is a large dash of greenish white, followed by a row
of similar, although smaller, spots or dashes extending in @ strareht Zine,
from apex to anal angle, each about one-eighth inch wide and one-eighth
inch long, diminishing in size towards anal angle. These are about
one-third inch from hind margin, not touching, however, the discoidal
space, and form the only prominent marking of the insect. The hind
margin is strongly dentated with interspaces bordered by a white line.
Under side of fore wings: black, shading into gray black at a line
drawn from inner angle across the wing towards outer part of discoidal
cell. In the three lower interspaces, one-fourth inch from hind margin is
a patch of whitish scales, suggestive of spots.
POU THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Under side of hind wings is entirely of bronze colour, somewhat
lustrous, excepting at the top portion of each interspace, where there is a
whitish spot, and inside of that, one-sixteenth inch from margin, a
semicircle of brick colour, very prominent. The dentations of the wing
bear the white linear border appearing on upper side.
The specimens in my possession were taken some two hundred miles
north from Cochabamba. In general appearance, it resembles closely
Papilio Numitor, Cram., and that group, and may be a climatic variation
of it, but in Mawitor the greenish-white dashes on hind wing follow more
closely the contour of the hind margin, while in this these dashes are
more in line with a line drawn from apex to anal angle. My specimens
are invariable, showing no difference in the suffusion or size of dashes.
Dynamine albidula, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, near Sicasica. Expanse, 1.25 inches.
Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen above, blackish with gray hairs ;
beneath, nearly white. Antenne, black with white annulations at the
base of each joint. Club, tipped with tawny. Legs, white.
The lower portion of the fore wing is white, from a line drawn from a
point close to the base on inner margin, and extending upwards to and
along the median nervure to end of discoidal space, then curving down-
wards to lower angle, meeting inner margin one-sixteenth inch from
angle. The rest of the wing is black with white spots. The discoidal
space is heavily dusted with lustrous greenish-blue scales. In the centre
of the space is a small white spot. Midway between apex and base is a
large white spot, extending from costa towards hind margin, and directly
over the summit of the lower white area. Just within hind margin, one-
third distance from apex to lower angle, is a smaller white spot, and
there is another below it, one-third distance from lower angle to apex.
The latter of these merges into the white area of the lower portion of the
wing.
Upper side of lower wing is entirely white, excepting a small area
of black at the very base, and a narrow border of black along hind
margin. ‘This border is black at the upper angle, and turns to grayish at
the lower half, disappearing entirely just before it reaches anal angle.
Outside of this, on the edge of the margin, is a white thread.
The white area of upper side of fore wing is duplicated on under side.
The black of the upper side gives way to a great extent to tawny. The
discoidal space is jet black at its upper portion, tawny at basal portion,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267
the black extending down along the median nervure towards base. In
the centre of the black area is a white spot. Separating the black from
the tawny is a thread of very lustrous greenish-blue, nearly silver. This
tawny colour extends to costa, the costa being tawny up to apex. A
greenish-blue lustrous line extends from base along costa for one-quarter
inch. ‘The Jarge white spot of upper surface is repeated. ‘The first white
spot at hind margin of upper surface is repeated, but suffuses strongly
upwards to the costa, forming an apical band of white. At inner edge of
this band is a heavy tawny line, the costal and lower portion of it tipped
with lustrous greenish-blue scales. The lower white spot is the same as
on upper surface. The hind margin has a black thread at its edge, and
within this a line of tawny, edged on its inner side by a thread of the
lustrous scales.
The lower side cf lower wings is the same as upper surface, except
the black is replaced by tawny, and the marginal border is edged on its
inner side by a thread of lustrous greenish-blue, with a suggestion of a
black thread within it.
Type, one specimen ; taken October ist, 1899.
Amarynthis muscolor, sp. Nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, five days travel north from Cochabamba. Ex-
panse, 1.25 inches.
Head, thorax and abdomen, nearly black, with approach to dark
mouse colour on top. Antenne, black, with slight white annulations at
base of each joint. Legs, black.
General ground colour of upper surface, a dark mouse colour, with
black markings. Costa of fore wings of ground colour. Hind margin,
without border, except a slight linear black line and a fringe of hairs.
One-eighth inch within margin is a semtdistinct black line, extending
from tip down to inner margin, and another the same distance within this.
The discoidal space contains four distinct black transverse lines, the
outer two joining at top and bottom, forming an egg-shaped figure.
From the lower junction of these, a black line extends downwards at
right angles to the costa to the submedian nervule. The inner two of
these discoidal lines do not join, but each extends downwards to sub-
median nervule. ‘There is a suggestion of still another line, nearer the
base, extending also to the submedian nervule.
Upper surface of hind wings nearly duplicates that of fore wings.
The hind margin with its two inner lines and hairy fringe is the same.
268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The inner line forms a continuation of the line of fore wings which
extends downwards from the egg-shaped figure, noted above. The outer
line of the inner two lines mentioned as crossing the discoidal space of
fore wings extends across the wing from costa to anal angle, where it
joins the two broader lines. Within this, in discoidal space, are three
lines, and a suggestion of a fourth near the joint. Inner margin, of
ground colour, fringed with hairs.
The under surface is brilliant, the outer half of both wings being sky
blue with a mother-of-pearl lustre. The costa of fore wing is mouse
colour, with a linear dash of sky blue extending upwards from base.
Hind margin is same as on upper surface, except that the slight hairy
fringe shows whitish. The inner half of wing is blue-black. The
dividing line between the inner and outer half is broken at the first
median nervule, forming a jut. The discoidal space contains four sky
blue spots, the second and fourth from the base being very prominent.
3elow the second one, above the submedian nervure, is another spot of
the same colour. The space above inner margin is mouse colour, some-
what suffusing the blue-black of inner half of wing.
Under surface of hind wings much the same. The border of hind
margin is same as on fore wings, but the first border line of the upper
surface is duplicated. The line separating the blue-black and sky blue is
continuous, extending from midway between apex and base to anal angle.
The discoidal space contains but two sky blue marks, which are dupli-
cated in a less degree in the space next below. ‘The inner one is also
duplicated similarly in the space above the discoidal space. The sky
blue of outer half of wing extends upwards somewhat, along inner
margin, and also suffuses the lower portion of the blue-black ground.
Described from three specimens in my collection from Cochabamba
district, 1899.
Lurybia hari, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, north of Cochabamba. Expanse, 2.15 inches.
Head and eyes, dark fulvous brown, with a “collar” of reddish-
brown yellow. Antenne, nearly black, with yellowish points. ‘Thorax
and abdomen, dark mouse colour, somewhat lighter underneath. Legs,
the same.
General ground colour of wings, dark mouse colour, with a border
(interspacing) of reddish-brown yellow, covering nearly one-third of both
fore and hind wings.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269
Costa of fore wings, dark mouse colour. Inner two-thirds of wing
the same, excepting a prominent black spot in discoidal space, sur-
rounded by a reddish-brown yellow ring, and outside of this a semicircle
of same colour. Hind margin has a linear border of ground colour,
The interspaces of hind margin contain a dash of reddish-brown yellow
extending as far as discoidal space in upper three interspaces and paral-
lelling downwards. These dashes form practically a broad band cover-
ing outer third of wing, the nervures of ground colour only showing
between them. The outer end of these dashes contains a black arrow-
head, small at top interspace, and increasing in size in lower interspaces.
The inner end of these dashes contains a black dash, increasing in size in
lower interspaces.
The hind wings duplicate these markings, with the following excep-
tions: The discoidal spot is much less prominent. The semicircle out-
side of it is missing. The linear border is also missing, the reddish-
brown yellow extending clearly to margin.
The under side of both wings is the same as upper side, excepting
that the ground colour is much lighter, and the yellowish portions
suffused somewhat with ground colour. The discoidal spots are more
prominent owing to the lighter shade of the background, rather than to
any change of their own.
The general appearance is close to “urybia Jemina, Hew.
Described from two specimens in my collection, secured by my
collector, Mr. William J. Gerhard, at a point five days north from
Cochabamba, Bolivia. In all the collections examined, including the
largest collections in this country and in England, only one of this
species was found, that being in Mr. Hewitson’s collection, unnamed.
THE COLORADO POTATO BEETLE IN ENGLAND.
Although the announcement that the Colorado beetle had been
discovered at Tilbury Docks (near London) must have given rise to
some apprehension on the part of agriculturists in general, and potato-
growers in particular, we are able to state, as the result of inquiries, that
there now exists no cause for alarm, the prompt action of the Board of
Agriculture having succeeded in exterminating, so far as is possible to
judge, the dangerous insect. Little, if any, damage was done by this
visitation, which seems to be the first for fifteen or twenty years. The
land around Tilbury Docks is not agricultural, and if potatoes are
~
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
cultivated it is by the labourers who obtain allotments for the purpose of
growing vegetables for their own consumption.
The story of the discovery of the Colorado beetle at Tilbury is
briefly this: Situated at the north-east corner of the docks belonging to
the London and India Dock Company, are some allotment gardens,
occupied by employés of the company for the consideration of a
“peppercorn” rent. Whilst gardening in one of these plots, a man
came across what to him was a strange insect, unlike anything he had
seen before. In his perplexity he made inquiries, the result being that
the Board of Agriculture were communicated with. That body submitted
the insect to their experts at the Natural History Museum, at South
Kensington, who pronounced it to be the Colorado beetle. Representa-
tives of the Board of Agriculture were despatched to Tilbury immediately,
and they made a most careful examination, not only of the land affected,
but of the surrounding area, in which work they were accorded every
assistance by the officials of the dock company. The plots upon which
the beetle had been found were first dealt with, all the vegetation being
cut down, made into small heaps, and burnt with the help of hundreds of
gallons of oil. The ground was afterwards ploughed vigorously, and
minute care was taken in destroying the insects. The land adjoining
received similar treatment. So complete and thorough were the means
adopted that when the inspectors of the Board of Agricuiture left the
scene they expressed in no equivocal terms the conviction that the
dangerous pest had been wholly annihilated.
How the beetle came into this country is, of course, a matter for
conjecture. It may, however, be reasonably assumed that it was
imported in one or more of the American boats which call at Tilbury,
but, although the transatlantic steamers were searched, no trace of the
pest could be found.
All persons occupying land in the vicinity of Tilbury have been
warned to look out for the beetle, and if there should be another
outbreak to give immediate notice to the Board of Agriculture through
the police. The penalty for disobedience involves a_ penalty not
exceeding £10, and it should also be remembered that keeping or selling
any living specimens constitutes an offence under the Act, and is
punishable by a fine not exceeding a similar amount. The insect is
known to most people as being somewhat like a large “lady-bird,” having
longitudinal black lines down the wing-cases, the underneath being of a
yellowish tint.—Da?/y Telegraph, Sept. 5.
|
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THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pare
SOME NECESSARY CHANGES AND CORRECTIONS IN NAMES
OF “OR PHOPTERA.
BY JAMES A. G. REHN, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
MANTID&.
MIOMANTIS, Saussure. Bull. Ent. Suisse, III., p. 64, 1870.
Preoccupied by A/zomantis, Blanchard. D’Orbigny, Voy. Amer.
Merid., VI., Ins., p. 209, 1842 (Coleoptera). To fill the deficiency, I
propose the name Ca/idomantis.
Harpax, Serville. . Ann. Sci. Nat,, XXII., p. 45, 49, 1831.
Preoccupied by Harpax, Parkinson. Organic Rem.,1$11 (Mollusca).
I have not been able to examine the first edition of Parkinson, but in the
second the name /Yarfax occurs on page 221 of volume III. To replace
Serville’s genus, I propose the name Australomantis.
PHASMID&.
PHANTASIS, Saussure. Miss. Scient. Mex. Orth., p. 188, 1872.
Preoccupied by Phantasis, Thoms. Essai Classif. Cerambyc., p 25,
1860 (Coleoptera). The name Aesperophasma is proposed to fill the
deficiency.
ACRIDID&.
AKENTETUS, McNeill. Proc. Davenp. Acad., VI., p. 225, 1897.
This generic name has been emended to Acentetus (Scudder, Proc.
Amer. Acad. Arts Sci., XXXV., p. 45, 1899), in which case it is
preoccupied by Acenftetus, Cabanis (Mus. Hein., [V., pt. 1, p. 102, 1862),
in Ornithology. This instance should help to deter the lovers of emenda-
tion and purity, the inviolability of the name being the easiest and most
satisfactory method in this as well as all cases where a typographical error
is not evident.
ALPHA, Brunner. Ann. Mus. Cio. Stor. Nat., Genova, XXXUL., p. 121,
1893.
Preoccupied by A/pha, Saussure. Smith. Misc. Coll, XIV., p. 121,
1875 (Hymenoptera). In allusion to the habitat of some of the species,
I propose the name Cord?//acris.
The genus eta of Brunner (p. 121) is also antedated in the same
way (Misc. Coll., XIV., p. 88), but as his name has no type or included
species designated, it cannot be regarded as thoroughly established. *
ICHrHYDION, Saussure. Revue et Mag. de Zool., p. 390, 1859.
Preoccupied by Jchthydion, Dejean. Catal. Coleopt., I., 1833
(Coleoptera). In the third edition of Dejean, the name is found on page
223. ‘loreplace the preoccupied name, I propose the term /c/thyotettix.
212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
KREMOBIA, Serville. Orthopteres, p. 704, 1839.
Preoccupied by remobia, Stephens. Catal. Brit. Ins., Lepidoptera,
p. 104, 1829 (Lepidoptera). ‘The next available name is 7methis, Fieber,
Lotos, TTL, p.-1265 1853:
NIPHOCERA auct ( Xiphicera).
The use of this name by Latreille (Fam. Nat. Regn. Anim., p. 415) 1s
merely in the French form Xvphicere, and as far as I can ascertain, he
never used it Latinized in any of his later works. Lamarck is the first
author I have found who Latinized the name, X7/p/icera dating from him
(Anim. Saus. Vert., II. ed., IV., p. 444, 1835). The form generally
quoted NXvphocera (Burmeister, Handb. d. Entom., IL, p. 612, 1838) is
preoccupied by NX7phocera, Macquart. Dipteres, I., p. 279. 1834
(Diptera).
TROPINOTUS, Serville. Orthoptéres, p. 617, 1539.
This name is generally quoted as 7ropidonotus (Stol, Syst. Acrid.,
p. 14, 1877), but the emended form is preoccupied by Zropidonotus,
Kuhl. Wagler’s Nat. Syst. Amph., p. 179, 1830 (Reptiles).
TEPTIGONID®.
SCHG@NOBATES, Saussure. Revue et Mag. de Zool., p. 209, 1859.
Preoccupied by Schwnobates, Blackwall. Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist.,
VIL, p. 343, 1850 (Arachnida). In place of the preoccupied name, I
propose Anabropsis.
PSEUDANCISTRUS, Bolivar. Artr. Viaje Pac., Neur. y Ort., p. 82, 1884.
Preoccupied by Pseudancistrus, Bleeker. Ned. Tijds. Dierk, [., p.
78, 1863 (Fishes). I suggest Po/yancistroides to replace the preoccupied
name.
AMAURA, Brunner. Monogr. der Phaneropt, p. 247, 1878.
Preoccupied by Amanra, Moller. Ind. Moll. Greeul., p. 7, 1842
(Mollusea). The name Zégocatinus is proposed to fill the vacancy.
GRYLLIDA.
APHONUS, Saussure. Miss, Scient. Mex., Orth., p. 466, 509, 1874.
Preoccupied by Aphonus, Leconte. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila.,
VIII, p. 21, 1857 (Coleoptera). To replace the preoccupied name, |
propose Aphonogryllus.
DyscopHus. Saussure. Miss. Scient. Mex., p. 438, 1874.
Preoccupied by Dyscophus, Grandidier, Ann. Sci. Nat., V. ser.,
XV., art. 20, p. 10, 1872 (Reptiles). In place of Saussurz’s name, I
propose Dyscophogryllus.
bo
aI
w9
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
THE EASTERN. SPECIES OF PSYGHODA.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA.
In the CANADIAN ENntTomotocisr for December, 1894 (Vol. XXVL.,
page 329), I presented the species of Psychoda then known to me from
Long Island, N. Y. In the following year, in the November number
(Vol. XXVIL., page 324}, I added some notes and described one more
species. Since then nothing has been published on our Eastern species.
Prof. Kincaid, however, has been active in studying the Western species.
During the past few years I have collected them at Washington and
vicinity, and obtained three new species as well as many of those
previously described. I now give a table of all the Eastern species,
twelve in number, with descriptions of the three new forms:
TABLE OF SPECIES.
1. Black-winged species. . Fo a GASES Cle Eee ee
Gray-winged species. Be eects PORES BAe 7 Mies 2 cee Shia meee enn eo
2. Wings with fice aie ee Thea tarsi only partly white...... nitida.
Wings without iridescent scales........ 3
a. Hind tarst.wholly pale yellowish or whitish... 2.000. 22... 02 aen4e
Pica earsieblack-Ononly partly pale... cca .. sie. so Mena e we 5
4. Two black patches on the wings before the middle...... marginadts.
No black patches. . Mev Bis gs, 4 Pylrat ect orto o canine osha tena eee PLLA See
5. Hind tarsi wholly Sige wings Ae fringe all black. hee es eee Oe
Hind tarsi with some white marks, wings and panes ered with
Wiatleesraagee tases ste Pagers, 3s, 2 chance ale. aueidaiece Oe A SOOM IERT T TE
Gem MU ITO GCER EW NLC c stops esata! as sence wr wtp oo maa Seon onas away © oh eusucasie.
DH
TI
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
abdominal bands as in 7/nconis, with curved anterior margins ; hair at
apex of abdomen yellowish fuscous.
ffab.—San Pedro, California, July 27, rgot, at flowers of Opuntia,
gathering pollen. 17 9. First found by my wife. This will probably
be regarded as a distinct species, but it is certainly very near to D.
rinconts, which visits flowers of Opuntia in New Mexico (Entom., Sept.,
1g00, p. 245). The chief difference between szuconis and opuntie is
in the much more strongly and densely punctured thorax of the latter ;
opuntie is also on the average a considerably bulkier insect. From the
Californian D. /riese:, opuntie differs in the larger size, closer punctua-
tion of thorax, and the character of the abdominal bands.
(To be continued.)
BOOK NOTICE.
ILLUSTRATIONS OF UNFIGURED LEPIDOPTERA.—By A. G. Weeks, Jr., 360
Washington St., Boston, Mass.
We have received from the author the first thirty-one pages of this
work, which he is publishing for private distribution at his own expense.
This portion contains the description of seven species of butterflies, all
but one of which have been already published elsewhere, but are now
illustrated by most beautifully-executed coloured lithographs from draw-
ings by Mr. J. Henry Blake. The species are all from tropical or
sub-tropical regions and the types are in the author’s collection. The
exquisite plates compare very favourably with those in Mr. W. H.
Edwards’s “Butterflies of North America,” which have set a high standard
of artistic merit and truth to nature.
An interesting account is given of a collecting trip in Bolivia, made
by Mr. Gerhard, of Philadelphia, who was sent by the author to that
out-of-the-way and little-known region in order to secure as complete a
collection as possible of the butterflies of the country. Though the
region explored was in the high altitudes of the Andes, where vegetation
was mainly confined to the mountain ravines and river gorges, the
collector succeeded in obtaining, during an absence of a little over a year,
thirteen thousand butterflies, over a thousand dragon-flies, a thousand
beetles, twelve hundred moths, and a large number of other insects.
Among these there will no doubt be found many species hitherto
288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
unknown to science, and much valuable information will be afforded by a
study of the collection regarding the distribution of species. Mr. Weeks
gives in the work before us lists of the butterflies which he has thus far
been able to identify. A number of interesting photographic reproduc-
tions give some idea of the country traversed by the collector. We look
forward to the issue of further instalments of this work, which will, when
completed, form a valuable contribution to Lepidopterological Science.
C. J. S. B.
CORRESPONDENCE.
A SURPRISE.
Sir,—That a Polyphemus cocoon would produce its imago the same
season it was made, is what I little expected to see ; and yet it has taken
place ; and that in a brief period of time.
The janitor of the Y. M. C. A., London, Ont., was taking his
holidays in the latter part of July, and on the 22nd was in the country on
a fishing excursion, and found on the ground, under some trees, a Ze/ea
-olyphemus cocoon. On his return, he informed me of his find. Think-
ing it was rather early for one of this year’s make, I remarked it must
be an old one. He said no, that the creature was alive inside. When
he presented it to me, I realized at once that it was a freshly-made one,
as it was white and free from the slightest indication of weathering. The
pupa was very lively, and kicked vigorously. I placed the cocoon ona
cabinet close at hand and in full view, and it was much handled by
visitors, who expressed surprise at such an inanimate-looking object
being so much alive. On the roth of August I tried to stir it into action
for a visitor’s benefit, but failed. 1 left the room about half-past five, and
returned about half-past seven, when I noticed that the cocoon was where
I had not placed it; and, on examination, I saw the moth hanging to the
projecting top of the cabinet. It is a female, perfectly developed,
medium sized and light in colouring. ‘The question naturally arises, is it
double-brooded somewhere ? J. Atston Morrart.
Mailed October 3rd, 1901.
BY H. C. FALL, PASADENA, CALIF.
Some two years ago I received from Mr. E. A. Schwarz a single
example of a curious Lucanide bearing labels ‘‘ Kaweah, Cal.,” and
“ Ceruchus (?), n. sp.” This specimen, as I have since learned, was one
of a considerable number taken by Mr. Ralph Hopping six years ago on
grain and wild grasses growing near the grain on a small sandy hill at the
locality indicated. In a letter just received from Mr. Hopping, he states
that he has this year taken four fresh specimens, May 17-20, at the same
place, one flying in the bright sunshine shortly after noon, the others
at twilight. Mr. Hopping has kindly sent me three more specimens, and
I have seen two others in the collection of Mr. Fuchs, also from the same
source. These specimens are all males, and I have little doubt that Mr.
Hopping’s entire catch is of this sex.
It is probable that Mr. Schwarz had given the species little or
no study, inasmuch as no lengthy examination is needed to convince
so experienced a coleopterist that it can not possibly be a Ceruchzs.
On further investigation it appears equally certain that it is not assignable
to any of the known genera of the family. Scarcity of material, together
with the small size of the insect, has prevented a satisfactory examination
of the oral organs, a fact which makes somewhat difficult the determination
of its affinity with described genera as at present classified. It is, however,
questionable if the characters drawn from the ligula and maxille are of
any greater significance than several others much more easily observable,
and a knowledge of their precise form in the present instance would, I
believe, throw little light on the relationship of this remarkable Californian
species.
Following the classification adopted by LeConte and Hern, our
species would, by the structure of the mentum, the straight antenne,
and the nearly contiguous front coxz, fall into the Ceruchini ; but the
differences in other respects are too numerous and too radical to permit a
290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
close association with Cerwchus, and the new form must, I think, stand as
the representative of at least a new sub-tribe, which may for the present
be placed between the Ceruchini and Sinodendrini.
With the exception above noted, the following generic diagnosis is
believed to be sufficiently full for comparative purposes :
PHYLLOSTOMA, gen. nov.
Mentum longer than wide, narrowly rounded in front, mental suture
scarcely traceable. Palpi moderate in length, their supports visible ; third
joint of maxillary slightly transverse, fourth fusiform and as long as the
second and third combined ; joints of labial palpi increasing in length.
Mandibles small, with a conspicuous externally bidentate process. Head
small, less than half the width, and with the mandibles but little more
than half the length of the prothorax. Labrum connate with the
epistoma, the suture very fine. Eyes very prominent, subglobular, not
emarginate. Antenne straight, first joint stout, elongate oval, second
similar but smaller, forming with the first joint about one-third the length
of the organ ; joints 3-7 small, becoming transverse; club three-jointed,
subequal in length to joints 3-7. Prothorax transverse, widest a little
behind the middle, sides strongly rounded. Elytra a little wider than the
prothorax and about twice as long, sides parallel. Front coxz transverse,
subconical and strongly prominent ; middle cox transverse, much less
prominent ; hind coxz flat. Legs leng; hind femora very stout; front
tibi strongly bidentate externally, with three or four small denticles
above the upper tooth; middle and hind tibiz not dentate, but with
a transverse ridge fringed with spinules on the outer and posterior side,
the apex also fringed with short, close-set spinules ; tibial spurs as usual
in the family; tarsi unusually long. Abdomen with six distinct
segments.
P. fimbriata, sp. nov.
Elongate, cylindrical, brown, side margins of thorax and elytra
fimbriate with long hairs, under surface and legs sparsely hairy. Head
coarsely, rather closely, punctate ; clypeus reflexed, quadridentate ; front
concave at middle, the concavity limited by ridges which converge
backward ; inner margin of the eyes elevated, especially posteriorly, and
forming minute, but prominent, tempora. Prothorax convex, finely
margined, a little wider than long, widest two-fifths from the base, sides
strongly rounded, front angles obtuse but defined, hind angles wanting,
the sides rounding into the base; surface rather finely and sparsely
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291
punctate. Elytra finely moderately closely punctate, the surface finely
but not closely rugulose, owing to the irregular coalescence of the
punctures ; sutural stria alone evident; disc with two coste faintly
indicated anteriorly, the punctures defining them being more nearly
serial in arrangement than elsewhere. The marginal fringe consists
of two series of hairs, one superior and directed upward, the other
epipleural and horizontal. Prosternum carinate at middle, polished and
impunctate except near the side margins. Metasternum and abdomen
rather sparsely punctate.
Length, 7-7.5 mm. Width, 2.8-3 mm.
eo
The accompanying figure (Fig. 10) represents fairly well the general
aspect of the insect, but the cephalic ridges are somewhat exaggerated and
the antenna is a little short. The antenna is, moreover, more correctly
represented in (a) Fig. 11, while b, c, d and e illustrate respectively the
maxillary palpus, labial palpus, front tibia and tarsus, and hind femur and
tibia.
Platycerus latus, sp. nov.
Stout, convex, nearly black, shining. | Head small, coarsely con-
fluently punctured ; mandibles small, not differing in the sexes, Scape of
292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
antenne nearly twice as long as the funicle, the latter slightly but
distinctly shorter than the club; funicular joints, except the first,
transverse, the outer ones gradually slightly wider; club three-jointed,
distinctly wider in the male than in the female, its basal joint more than
twice as wide as the preceding one. Prothorax large, one-half to four-fifths
wider than long, widest but little behind the middle, sides strongly rounded
but not angulate, deeply sinuate posteriorly, the hind angles right or
somewhat acute; side margins moderately reflexed ; disc closely and
strongly punctate, the punctures less close toward the middle, where they
are separated by from one-half to quite their own diameters. Elytra from
one-third to two-fifths longer than wide, distinctly more than twice as long
as the prothorax, width at base a trifle less than the latter at its widest
part ; disc not distinctly striate, the punctures strong, close and subserial
in arrangement. ‘Tarsi about three-fourths as long as the tibiz in the
male, scarcely more than half the tibial length in the female.
Length, 9-11 mm.
Described from 3 ¢’s and 6 9’s taken in Placer Co., California, and
1 9, apparently not different, from Alameda Co.; all collected by Dr.
E. C. Van Dyke.
Latus is evidently similar in its robust convex form to ¢horacicus,
Casey, but of this species Casey says: ‘Scape of antennz slightly longer
than the funicle, the latter a little longer than the club,” while in Zatws the
scape is sensibly twice as long as the funicle, and the latter is shorter than
the club. In ¢horacicus the thorax is said to be widest at the basal third,
which is not the case in any of the ten examples of /atus.
The following notes, contained in a letter from Dr. Van Dyke, are of
especial interest. He says, speaking of the species above described :
“ My Placer Co. specimens were from Forest Hill, altitude about 2,700
ft. Iaasmuch as I found several about old Libocedrus stumps, and one
quite well into the heart of one, I surmise that it feeds on this. I would
wish to find the larvae before being certain, though. It flies only at dusk
and at night. My P. Agassizti were all found in broad daylight resting on
leaves or wandering over tanbark oak stumps. PP. Ovregonensis and
depressus | have caught flying in the hottest part of the day. Our two
species of Ceruchus are both night fliers like the new //atycerus.
Another resemblance in habit, if it should prove true that this feeds on
the Libocedrus, is the fact that both species of Cerzchus feed on conifers.
All the other species of P/atycerus that I have observed feed on non-
Oo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29:
coniferous trees; 2. Oregonensis on California laurel and alder and on
Madrone (Rivers) ; P. depressus on the California mountain Aspen, and
P. Agassizii on oak, the tanbark—(Q. densiflora —preferred, though I have
found it on the live oak—Q. agrifolia.”
NEW DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA FROM BOLIVIA.
BY A. G. WEEKS, JR., BOSTON, MASS.
(Continued from page 269.)
Pedaliodes primera, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, near Cusilluni. Expanse, 2.25 inches.
Head and palpi, dark brown, nearly black. Antennz, above, nearly
black ; beneath, dark rust colour. Legs, brownish. Thorax, black with
brownish hairs. Abdomen, the same but lighter beneath.
Upper side of fore wings, entirely dark blackish brown. The hind
margins are dentated, especially so on lower wings. The marginal
interspaces of fore wings have a prominent white thread.
The ground colour of under side of fore wings is dark brown. The
marginal interspaces have a prominent white thread. There is a silvery-
white dash near apex, starting on costa, practically at the apical point,
extending towards base for one quarter inch and suffusing into the wing
for one quarter inch. Below this is an interspacial white speck. Nearer
the base, one sixteenth inch inwards from this silvery-white area, the
subcostal interspaces show whitish owing to a generous dashing of white
scales. The discoidal space is rather light rusty brown, suffusing into
lower interspaces. Under the first disco-cellular nervule, practically in
the centre of hind marginal area, is a rusty circle, one quarter inch across,
of same colour as discoidal space. Inner margin is somewhat grayish.
Ground colour of under side of hind wings is dark brown with
dashes and wavy lines of silvery white, hard to describe accurately, The
lower third of the wing, covering anal angle area, is heavily covered by
silvery-white scales, and between the second and third median nervules,
one-third inch from hind margin, is a prominent white dot, repeated in
next lower interspace, but smaller. Above the anal area which bears the
silvery-white scales, and inwards toward base, the ground colour is
294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
transversely crossed by a more or less prominent series of silvery-white
wavy lines, interspacial. Midway between base and apex on costa, is a
prominent dash of silver white, repeated directly below in the next
subcostal interspace, and half way from this to base is another dash of
silvery white. The discoidal space at its outer portion has two patches
of silver-white scales, the balance of the space being of the ground
colour, with a suggestion of silvery-white, transverse, wavy lines. The
interspaces, one-quarter inch within hind margin, bear a white speck,
wanting in some specimens, but fairly prominent in others.
The general marking of under side varies greatly in the eight
specimens in my collection. The prominent and most regular markings
are the silvery-white space near apex of fore wings, the rust colour of
discoidal space (which in some specimens suffuses very generously into
adjoining interspaces), the subcostal silvery-white dashes on hind wings,
and the silvery-white anal area with the interspacial white dots. .
Taken near Cusilluni in May, 1899, and although one or two
specimens have been found in European collections, I believe no
description has ever been published.
Thecla Harrietta, sp. Nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, near Corioco. Expanse, 1.50 inches.
Head. thorax and abdomen above, dark, covered with green-blue
hairs ; below, dark mouse colour. Antenne, black. Legs, dark mouse
colour, tarsi having white annulations at base of each joint.
Fore wings, above, dark lustrous blue. Basal area dusted with
greenish blue. Hind margin with a slight fringe of black hairs, and edged
with a black thread. A slight suffusion of black extends one eighth inch
inwards from hind margin.
Lower wings, above, dark lustrous blue, matching fore wings. Hind
margin, same as on fore wings. At anal angle is an addition to the wing
area, one sixteenth inch wide, running from angle to lower submedian
nervule (black suffusing somewhat into wing area) and then extending
outwards as a tail at nearly right angles to the nervule. This tail is
black, one quarter inch long. Across this anal black space is a bluish-
white thread, running from end of lower submedian nervule straight to
the submedian nervure, then forming a ‘‘V” in inner marginal space.
At the end of the second submedian nervule is another tail, black, one
eighth inch long, being a continuation of the nervule in its direction.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295
Under side of fore wings, mouse colour. Hind margin edged with a
black thread, Starting at second subcostal! nervule at a point one
quarter distance from apex to base, is a jet-black line, running downwards
parallel to hind margin, and ending at lower submedian nervule. Three
sixteenths inch within this line is another running from costa to lower
submedian nervule, not quite parallel to the first line but approaching it
somewhat at its lower part; at the lower submedian nervule this line
turns at a right angle and crosses inner marginal space. Across end of
discoidal space is a black line. Nervures and nervules are somewhat
darker than ground colour.
Under side of hind wings same colour as fore wings. Hind margin
edged with a black thread. Beginning at costal nervure at a point one
third distance from base to apex is a heavy jet-black line running down-
wards, towards anal angle, crossing subcostal nervure at its junction with
first subcostal nervule, and ending at median nervure. Outside of this
about one eighth inch, is a second heavy jet-black line, starting at first
subcostal nervule, and running down to lower submedian nervule,
striking it one eighth inch above hind margin. Another similar line
starts at apex and runs downwards, one quarter inch within hind margin,
joining the last-metioned line at lower submedian nervule. Betwixt this
and hind margin, but much nearer the margin, is a black line, scarcely
visible at apex, but becoming more prominent as it approaches anal
angle. The area at lower angle Cescribed on upper surface is black, the
tails also. The blue line crossing it is the same as on upper surface.
Just above this, in interspace, above submedian nervure, is a black line
forming a circle, dusted with blue at its lower inside edge. In the inner
marginal space are two parallel black threads, starting near base and
crossing downwards to submedian nervure ; the first is edged with blue
on its lower side, the second edged with blue on its upper side. The
nervures and nervules are black.
Type.—One specimen, taken April roth, 1899.
Pyrrhopygopsis Reedit, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, Cochabamba District. Expanse, 2.05 inches.
Head, antennz and legs, black. ‘Thorax, black, with an orange
spot at each shoulder. Abdomen, black, with a tawny tip.
Fore wings, above, entirely black excepting a slight dusting of
orange scales on costa. Hind margin, fringed with orange hairs, short at
apex, but lengthening at lower angle.
296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Hind wings, the same as fore wings, the orange fringe extending
from upper angle to anal angle is more prominent than on fore wings.
Under side of both wings, of dark bronze. The lower half of
discoidal space, darker, the dark suffusing into three lower interspaces.
Nervules and nervures, black. Hind margin fringed with orange, same
as on upper side.
Under side of hind wings, the same, except the darker area borders
the inner margin, one eighth to one fourth inch wide, not intruding on
discoidal space.
Described from species taken five days’ travel north from Cocha-
bamba. It is very near P. fenebricosa, Hew., except in the cilia, which is
orange instead of pure white.
Pamphila argentea, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia; Cusilluni District. Expanse, 1.20 inches.
Head, thorax, antennze, abdomen and legs, bronzy-brown above ;
more grayish beneath.
Upper side of fore wings, bronzy brown. In subcostal interspaces,
at apical area, are two whitish dots. Just above the second subcostal
nervule, is a larger dot, and in interspace below, somewhat nearer base,
is another still larger one, with its upper part nearer the hind margin
than the lower part. In interspace below, is another longitudinal spot,
of nearly similar size, resting on submedian nervure.
Upper side of hind wings, bronzy brown. In discoidal space is an
indistinct lightish space, and running from near upper angle across the
wing to near centre of inner margin, is a row of lightish interspacial
dots, five or six in number.
Under side of fore wings, dark brown, central portion of hind
margin being dashed with lighter scales. The whitish spots of upper
surface are repeated.
Under side of hind wings, rich dark brown. In discoidal space is a
prominent spot of silvery white. From upper angle across the wing to
near the centre of inner margin is a row of silvery-white interspacial
spots. These spots are very prominent, forming the noticeable marking
of under side. Along hind margin of both wings, within the hairy fringe,
is a dark thread.
Taken near Cusilluni in May, 1899.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29K,
NEW BEES OF THE SUBFAMILY ANTHOPHORINA FROM
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, E. LAS VEGAS, N. M.
(Continued from page 287.)
Anthophora cataline,n.sp.— ?. Length 14 millim., black (including
face, mandibles and antenne), with fulvous, yellowish-white and black
pubescence. Pubescence of face dull yellowish-white, a few black hairs
at the sides of the clypeus, a long pale fulvous tuft on each side of the
anterior ocellus; hair of vertex long, erect and black, of occiput
yellowish-white, of cheeks yellowish-white above and white below; hair of
thorax pale fulvous, mixed with black on mesothorax and scutellum ;
lower half of pleura clothed with black hair; abdomen with dense pale
fulvous hair-bands at the apices of the first four segments ; apex with
black hair; ventral surface of abdomen with black hair, except at the
sides, where the pale apical bands of the upper surface are combined
for a short distance ; legs clothed beneath with black hair, above largely
with pale ; fringe of anterior tarsi wholly black ; long hair on outer side
of hind tibia and basal joint of tarsus black on the anterior half
(extending longitudinally) and shining very pale yellowish on the
posterior half.
Structure of A. wrbana, Cresson, of which it is the insular
representative.
Hab.—Catalina Island, California, Aug., 1901. (Wilmatte P.
Cockerell. )
This bee differs strikingly in colour from A. urbana, which is
common on the mainland. I found ordinary wsdana flying on July 8th
at San Pedro, which is on the coast nearly opposite Catalina.
Melissodes personatella, n. sp.—é. Length to millim.; black ;
head much broader than long, facial quadrangle somewhat narrowed
below ; face entirely black, covered, as also the cheeks, with long white
hair ; mandibles black, with a ferruginous subapical spot ; vertex on each
side of the ocelli concave, smooth and shining, with minute, hardly
noticeable punctures ; antenne very long, reaching to apex of second
abdominal segment ; scape short and stout, black ; flagellum ferruginous
beneath, second joint considerably longer than third ; mesothorax shining
and sparsely punctured, thinly clothed, as also the scutellum, with long
black hair; hair on prothorax, pleura, post scutellum and metathorax
298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
long and white; tegule very dark brown; wings rather short, slightly
dusky, more hairy than usual, nervures piceous ; first recurrent nervure
received by second submarginal cell not far from its end; third
submarginal narrowed a little more than half to marginal; legs black,
with white hair, small joints of tarsi becoming ferruginous ; abdomen with
short black hair, except on the first segment and extreme base of second
(where it is white), at the apex (where it is pale), and clear white bands
of hair near the apical margins of segments two to five ; the first segment
has some black hair dorsally near its apical margin; apical plate truncate,
not notched at the sides.
Hlab.—\La Jolla, San Diego Co., Calif, August, 1901. A very
distinct species, by its black face, black hair on mesothorax, and long
antenne. For some account of other species with black faces in the
male, see Entom., Oct., 1896, p. 304.
NOTES ON THE EARLY STAGES OF CATOCALA.
BY G. M. AND E. A. DODGE, LOUISIANA, MO.
(Continued from page 220.)
Catocala retecta, Grt.
Food-plant, hickory. Length of mature larva, two and one-half
inches. Head rather flat, as broad as first segment, gray striped with
dark brown, and with a broad black band, ragged in front, running up
each side to top of lobe, but not continued over the summit.
The dorsal stripe consists of a series of rounded, brown patches
with a black central line ; tubercles, although not large, tipped with
white, and conspicuous; subdorsal stripes brown, interrupted and
indistinct.
The thoracic segments are blackish; on the fourth segment a pale
brown band, much lighter than the general colour, crosses the body; the
central segments are also blackish, but a shade paler than the first three ;
there is a slight black transverse ridge on the eighth segment, and the
anterior part of this segment is pale brown like the fourth ; the remainder
of the eighth segment and all following are as black as the thoracic
segments, except that the pale brown dorsal stripe is unusually developed
on the eleventh segment. Filaments whitish, very numerous, simple and
hair-like, but not very long. Venter white, tinged with pink, with large
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299
black spots on all except the thoracic segments and segments eight and
nine.
Catocala piatrix, Grt.
Larva taken on walnut, July 9, 1901. Length, two and seven-
tenths inches. Colour pale gray, head the same, face dusky, bounded by
a black stripe which passes over the summit and down each side to the
mouth, the sides of head behind this stripe being pale gray. A rather
broad, brown, continuous dorsal stripe. Cervical shield dark like the
face, anal plate greenish. Brown stripes enclosing the dorsal tubercles
are darkest on posterior part of each segment, where they are marked with
short diagonal gray lines. Lateral stripes faint. Stigmatal stripes dark
brown and distinct, fading on central segments. No filaments. Tubercles
all very small and white, legs greenish.
Venter white, with a black spot on each segment except that bearing
last pair of abdominal legs.
Catocala neogama, S. and A.
Described June 2nd. Food-plant, walnut. Head wide as thoracic
segments, gray, as is also segment one; head with many dark brown
markings ; jaws black and a black patch at each side of the mouth.
Tubercles whitish, those on eleven quite large, ridge of eight slight.
Dorsal median stripe very irregular; on the thoracic and anal segments its
sides are nearly straight and closely approximate, on the central segments
it alternately widens and contracts, forming a series of dumb-bell-like
figures.
The subdorsal stripes are of the general colour, which is wood-
brown, except on segment four, where they are black, and also on
segment eight, where they form part of the transverse black band, which
latter is divided by the dorsal stripe.
The stigmata are black and like in the dark brown stigmatal stripe,
which is connected with the subdorsal stripes by dark diagonal lines on
each of the central segments.
Filaments simple, not numerous. Legs pale, spotted with black and
white. Venter strongly tinged with red and with black spots, except
between thoracic and last two pairs of abdominal legs, where the spots
are brownish red or, in some cases, obsolete.
Neogama larve vary in depth of colour, but the markings are quite
constant, so far as observed, and we have bred many of them.
Piatrix larva may be recognized from its earliest stage, showing the
300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
markings of the mature larva, but it also varies somewhat in depth of
colouring.
The most constant of all is the larva of 7¢//ecta, which at any stage
after the first day or two may be recognized by its black and white, narrow
and transverse stripes, its broad, white stigmatal stripe, and the spots, like
red sealing-wax, which ornament each segment.
We bred over one hundred ///ecta this year, and noted no variation in
either larva or imago.
NEW SPECIES OF EVANIID/:.
BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS,
U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM.
Mr. J. Chester Bradley has begun, in the May number of the
‘Entomological Student,” a monographic revision of the Avaniide of
North America, a work badly needed by our students.
On learning from me that I had several new species in this family, he
has requested that I should publish them at once, so that they may be
incorporated in his monograph, which will be published in the Transactions
of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
I begin, therefore, by publishing three new species in Abbe
Provancher’s rare genus, Pammegischia, a genus suppressed by Dr,
Schletterer, but revived in my classification of the superfamily
Ichneumonoidea.
It is interesting to record that the habits of this genus are quite
different from other Evaniids ; Dr. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist of New
York, having bred a species from the larve of a horn-tail X7phydria
Provanchert, Cresson.
Mr. Bradley has done me the honour to accept my ideas on the
classification of the Zvani/de, but has been unfortunate in not paying
more attention to the characters used in separating the genera, for he has
placed in the genus Au/acus species which should be placed in Abbe
Kieffer’s genus Pristauldacus, viz., Aulacus occidentalis, A. melleus, A.
pacificus, A. rufitarsis, A. fasciatus, A. firmus, A. resutorivorus, A.
Abbottii, A. stigmaterus and A, pallipes.
Pammegischia xiphydrie, sp. nov.
?.—Length, 7.5 mm.; ovipositor about two-thirds the length of the
abdomen. Black, with the first segment of abdomen red, the second
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301
joint of front trochanters, the middle trochanters and basis of their tibiz
testaceous, the rest of the legs remaining black (all being broken off about
the middle of the tibiz). The head is quadrate, above smooth and highly
polished, with only a few scattered punctures ; in front, below the front
ocellus to the insertion of the antenne, it is transversely rugulose ; face
beneath the antenne, except the lower inner angles of the cheeks, which
are smooth and polished, is closely irregularly punctate; mandibles
black, with a rufo-piceous tinge; while the palpi are fuscous. The
thorax is rugosely punctate, the mesonotum with numerous transverse
ridges and with complete parapsidal furrows. Wings almost hyaline or
only faintly tinged, the stigma and veins being black or brown-black, the
first recurrent nervure being received by the first cubital cell at about the
middle, the second recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell a
little beyond its middle, while the third cubital cell is more or less divided
into two by a spurious stump of a vein which originates from the cubitus
a little before the apex of the second recurrent nervure. All cox are
black and rugulose, the hind pair being elongate and produced beneath at
apex into a triangular process that extends far beyond the insertion of the
trochanters. The abdomen is highly polished, impunctate, except at the
extreme base, and is shaped as in Az/acus, only it is not so distinctly
petiolate ; the first segment occupies fully half the whole surface of the
abdomen.
ivpe._—Cate No, 5752, U.S. N. M.
Hab. — Saranac Inn, New_York.
Host.—Hym.: Xiphydria Provancheri, Cresson, living in birch.
Bred by Dr. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist of New York.
Pammegischia Lovet, sp. nov.
?.—Length, 4 mm. Ferruginous; eyes, mesonotum, base of
metathorax, hind coxe toward apex, the flagellum and the ovipositor,
which is a little longer than the abdomen, brown or brown-black ; all
femora and the hind tibiae, except at base, dusky, rest of legs honey-
yellow. Wings hyaline, the subcostal vein brown, the stigma and rest of
veins pale ferruginous.
Type.—Cat. 5857, U.S. N. M.
Hab.—Palisades, New Jersey. Taken in May by Mr. E. &. Love.
Pammegischia Weedi, sp. nov.
¢.—Length, 5.5 mm. Black; face below insertion of antenne,
mandibles except teeth, first joint of antenne, first segment of abdomen
302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
except extreme base and apex, and legs except cox, pale ferruginous or
honey yellow.
Antenne straight, as long as the body; brownish and 13-jointed, the
second and third flagellar joints subequal, nearly twice as long as the
first. ‘he head is nearly smooth, the face below the front ocellus
transversely rugulose, the cheeks feebly punctate; the thorax is rugoso-
punctate, the mesonotum with coarse transverse rugee ; the abdomen is
smooth and polished, the three or four terminal segments at apex and the
claspers being rufo-piceous, while the wings are hyaline, with the stigma
and veins ferruginous.
Type.—Cat. No. 5858, U.S. N. M.
Hab.—Hanover, New Hampshire. Captured by Dr. Clarence M.
Weed.
Hypria Séliger.
Hyptia Fuchi, new species.
¢.—Length, 5.5 to 6 mm. Ferruginous, the abdomen, except the
petiole or first segment, being black ; the forehead from the ocelli to the
base of the antenne, except the orbits, is black or blackish; the
pro-mesosternum, the meso- and metapleura, all coxe except the hind
pair toward apex beneath, the trochanters and the hind legs, are black,
while the middle femora above and the hind tibie toward apex, and the
flagellum, except the three or four basal joints beneath, are fuscous.
Wings clear hyaline, without cells, the stigma, the costal and subcostal
and the median veins being brownish-black.
Type.—Cat. No. 6075, U.S. N. M.
Habitat.—San Jose del Cabo, Baja, California.
Described from 2 ¢ specimens received from Mr. Charles Fuch.
Hyptia Weithi, new species.
g.—Length, 5 mm. Black and coarsely closely umbilicately
punctate, the metapleura coarsely reticulate, the scape, the prothorax,
upper part of the mesopleura anteriorly, the mesonotum, the scutellum,
the anterior legs from apex of coxw, and the middle tarsi, testaceous ; rest
of legs black. Wings hyaline, the veins black, the discoidal cells
entirely obliterated.
Type.—Cat. No. 6076, U.S. N. M. (Ashmead Collection).
Habitat.— Hayti.
Described from a single specimen received from Mr. R. J. Weith.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303
fyptia Trinidadensis, new species.
d.—Length, 3.5 mm.—Black ; the head except the face below the
antenn, the mesonotum and the mesopleura, are smooth, polished and
impunctate ; the metathorax is rather closely punctate, the metapleura
more coarsely punctate ; the face below the insertion of the antenne is
rather finely punctate, and one may detect a few small punctures on the
forehead ; the antennze, except some dark stains at the apex of the joints,
the front coxe, their femora beneath and their tibiz and tarsi, middle
trochanters except at apex, an annulus at base of their tibiz, the hind
cox except at apex, base of first joint of trochanters, all tibial spurs,
and an annulus before the apex of the abdominal petiole, all yellow-
testaceous ; rest of legs black. Wings clear hyaline, the stigma and
veins brownish-black, the discoidal cells wanting.
Type.—Cat. No. 6077, U.S. N. M. (Ashmead Collection).
Habitat.—Trinidad, W. I.
Described from a single specimen.
Hy ptia Floridana, new species.
6 .—Length, 2.5 to 2.75 mm. Wholly black, except the sutures of
the joints of the middle and front legs, their tarsi and all tibial spurs,
which are testaceous. The head and the mesonotum are distinctly
punctate, but more sparsely punctate on the vertex and on the disk of the
mesonotum ; the mesopleura anteriorly are smooth and polished, while
the metathorax, except sparsely on the disk, is coarsely umbilicately
punctate. Wings hyaline, the tegule yellowish, the veins brownish.
Type.—Cat. No. 6078, U. S. N. M. (Ashmead Collection).
Habitat.—Jacksonville and Biscayne Bay, Florida.
Described from 2 specimens. ‘The specimen from Biscayne Bay was
collected by Mrs. Annie Trumbull Slosson.
fyptia Johnsont, new species.
g.—Length, 5 mm. Black, except the metanotum above and
surrounding the abdominal petiole. The head and thorax are distinctly
but not closely punctate, the punctures being separated ; the face has a
sericeous pubescence; the mesopleura are smooth, polished and
impunctate, except a few, minute, faint punctures toward the coxe ; while
the wings are hyaline, without discoidal cells, the tegule and the veins
being black or brown-black.
Type.—Cat. No. 6079, U. S. N. M. (Ashmead Collection).
Habitat.—Philadelphia, Pa.
Described from a single specimen received from Mr. C. W. Johnson,
B04 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Evania Sabricius.
Evania Neomexicana, new species.
¢.—Length, 3.5 mm. Black, the metathorax at apex and some-
times the mesopleura below, rufo-testaceous; the head and the
mesonotum are shining and only sparsely punctate; the mesopleura
superiorly are smooth and impunctate, but posteriorly they are lineate,
and below, or toward the mesosternum, they are sparsely punctate ; while
the metathorax is rather coarsely and irregularly reticulate. Wings
hyaline, the tegule, stigma and veins being black or piceous, the internal
veins sometimes brown.
Type.—Cat. No. 6080, U.S. N. M.
Habitat.—Las Cruces, N. Mex.
Described from 2 specimens received from Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell.
Evania Californica, new species.
¢.—Length, 4.6 mm. Black, the face around the insertion of the
antennie, the clypeus, the mandibles, the sutures of the trochanters, the
tibial spurs, front knees, base of front and middle tibie and the sutures
of their tarsal. joints or the front tarsi beneath, testaceous or brownish.
The head and the thorax above are smooth and impunctate, or at most
with only a few minute, scarcely perceptible punctures ; the prothorax at
the sides is lineate ; the mesopleura, except a small, smooth spot, are
reticulate and lineate superiorly, while the metathorax, except adove, is
rather coarsely reticulate. Wings hyaline, the tegule testaceous but
browish basally, the veins being brown-black.
Type.—Cat. No. 6081, U.S. N. M.
Habitat.-—Natoma, Southern California.
Described from a single specimen taken by Mr. Albert Koebele.
Evania unicolor, Say.
This species I have recently recognized, and it is certainly distinct
from £. appendigaster, Linne, although agreeing with it very closely in
size and colour. It was described by Say long before railroads were
built and before Hvania appendigaster could have reached the interior of
the country.
It is readily separated from &. appendigaster by punctuation and
sculpture,the head being distinctly punctured and clothed with a sericeous
pubescence, whereas in the former it is smooth and impunctured.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 305
NOTES ON THE: BUTTERFLIES OF SIOUX COUNTY,
NEBRASKA.
BY MERRITT CARY, NELIGH, NEB.
While connected with expeditions sent out by the Department of
Entomology and Ornithology, University of Nebraska, it has been the
writer’s good fortune to spend a portion of the summers of 1g00* and
rgort in the extreme north-western corner of Nebraska in collecting the
insects, birds and mammals of the region. Naturally the butterflies, the
study of which has been something of a “hobby” with him for some
years past, came in for no little share of attention.
That a region so interesting as Pine Ridge and the Hat Creek and
White River Basins are geologically, is also of the greatest interest as
regards its zoogeography and phytogeography, goes without saying. The
general topography of a region, whether it be a high plateau, deeply cleft
by numerous well-wooded canons, or a prairie region containing large
areas of bad lands and buttes, cannot fail to have its effect upon the
distribution of life, and to leave a strong impress upon the indigenous
fauna and flora. Both of these conditions obtain in north-western Sioux
County.
Pine Ridge, which reaches an altitude varying from 4,000 to 5,000
feet above sea level, crosses the Wyoming-Nebraska line about fifteen
miles south of the north-western corner of Nebraska, and runs in a
south-easterly direction through the northern part of Sioux County. On
the north side the Ridge is broken up into numerous deep and well-
wooded canons, and slopes abruptly into the Hat Creek Basin, 1,300 feet
lower.
The latter region consists of a rolling prairie, well watered by a large
number of small streams which have their sources in the canons on the
north slope of Pine Ridge, and embraces large areas of bad lands and
buttes.
The yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) is the prevailing forest tree, and
* In 1900 the expedition was encamped in Monroe Canon, Sioux County, during
the last two weeks in May, and ccnsisted of Prof. Lawrence Bruner, J. C. Crawford,
Jr., and J. S. Hunter, of the University of Nebraska, besides the writer.
+ In 1901, two months, beginning with May 25th and ending with July 27th, were
spent in the region, with a base camp in Warbonnet Canon, by M. A. Carriker, Jr.,
and the writer. Prof, Bruner and J. C. Crawford, Jr., spent a week or two each in the
region,
306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
clothes the canon sides, although in the bottoms of canons such trees as
aspen, black birch, box-elder, cottonwood and a few elms fringe the
streams.
It will readily be seen that the Ridge, while on the border line
between the Upper Austral and Transition life zones, contains a great
many elements of the latter. Among the breeding birds which belong to
the Transition are Audubon’s Warbler, Lewis’s Woodpecker, Sharp-
shinned Hawk, Western Warbling Vireo, and Solitare; among the
mammals usually occuring in the Transition may be mentioned the
Yellow-haired Porcupine, Black-tailed Deer, and Beaver.
The semi-mountainous area has also a corresponding effect upon the
insect fauna, and accounts for the presence of a large number of western
species. The occurrence of Argynnis hesperis, Phyciodes camillus
pallidus, Satyrus charon, Colias Alexandra Edwardsii, Lycaena
antiacis, L. sagittigera, and L. acmon*, Papilio solicaon, P. indra, and
P. rutulus, Terias Mexicana, and Pamphila rhesus in north-west
Nebraska will no doubt be something of a surprise to eastern
lepidopterists.
Danais plexippus, Linn.—Battered specimens numerous, but no
fresh ones taken until July ro to 25, when a new brood appeared.
Euptoieta claudia, Cramer.—F lying all the time I was in the region.
Especiaily abundant in the Bad Lands.
Argynnis cybele, Fabr—Common on JMonarda blossoms in the
canons, July 10 to 27.
Argynnis aphrodite, Fabr.—Several examples taken in July.
Argynnis aphrodite, var. cypris, Edw.—The most abundant Argyn-
nid, flying abundantly from June 25 until July 27. Fresh specimens
were taken until July 15, after which battered specimens were the order.
Cypris was taken in the canons, on Jonarda.
Argynnis aphrodite, var. alcestis, Edw.— A very few taken in valley
meadows.
Argynnis hesperis, Edw.—Four examples of this species were taken
in the middle of July, on Jonarda. They are not typical, however, the
apical half of the under side of the fore wings being heavily clouded with
dark ferruginous, and the under side of secondaries very dark.
Argynnis coronis, Behr. (!)—A number of examples of an Argynnid
* On August 12th of the present year the writer took several examples of acmon
at Neligh, in north-eastern Nebraska,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307
were secured which are very close to coronis, and I temporarily refer
them here.
Argynnis Nevadensis, Edw.—A number of examples on Thistle, June
2c to-July 15:
Areynnis Nevadensis, var Meadii, Edw.—Frequenting Thistles on
the Divide and damp places in the canons, June 25 to July 15. Appears
to be more of an upland species than any of the preceding Argynnids.
Argynnis Edwardsii, Reak.—This beautiful species was very
numerous on the Divide from June 20 to July ro, feeding on Thistle
blossoms; and from July 1o to 25 on Monarda in the canons.
Edwardsii, Meadii, Nevadensis and cypris were frequently taken on
damp ground around springs.
Argynnis eurynome, Edw.—On Monarda, July 5 to 27. Frequent
examples.
Argynnis myrina, Cram.—Damp meadows in the valley, June 27 to
July zo.
Melitea sp.—A species of Melitea which is close to Editha of
California was very abundant on the Divide and grassy slopes of the
Ridge from May 25 to June 5.
Melitea minuta, Edw.—Two examples from damp ground in
Warbonnet Canon, June 5 and July 22. In 1g00 a number of specimens
of minuta were taken.
Phyciodes nycteis, Dbl.-Hewit.—Monroe Canon in 1900, common.
Phyciodes ismeria, Bdl.-Lec.—Frequently captured in July.
Lhyctodes ismeria, aber. nigra, n. aber.
g —Expands 1.25 in.
Upper side black, lightly spotted with fulvous and pale ochraceous.
Disc of primaries crossed by two irregular bars of fulvous, the basal bar
broadest and nearly severed in the middle of the basal side by a narrow
black area; the second one narrowly sinuate on right primary and a
narrow straight line on the left one. The broad and sinuous discal series
present in zsmeria is entirely lost ; extra-discal series consists of seven
whitish ochraceous spots, the three nearest the costa being small and
round, the fourth with a long, narrow prolongation towards the margin,
fifth round-oblong and greatly enlarged, but the end nearest the margin
concave ; sixth and seventh spots large and irregular, the outer portion of
the latter about two millimeters from inner angle. Basal portion of
secondaries faintly suffused with fulvous scales; discal series faint ;
308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
second series large and enclosing round black dots ; submarginal lunules
entirely lost. Fringes black and white.
Under side fulvous on basal portion of the disc of primaries, outer
portion of disc black ; costa and portion of apex suffused with fuscous ;
sixth and seventh spots of extra-discal series fulvous ; second bar across
disc enlarged. Marginal arrow points much as in ¢smerza. Basal
portion of secondaries greatly suffused with fuscous ; sinuate discal band
as well as extra-discal portion of wing similar to ¢smeréa, but former
much narrower.
This pecuhar melanistic aberration was taken on damp sand in the
bottom of Monroe Canon, June ro, tgor. It was in company with
several typical specimens of ¢s/eria.
Phyciodes tharos, Dru.
Winter form marcia, Edw.—Common in the canons, May 25 to
July r.
Summer form morpheus, Fabr.—Abundant, June 10 to July 27.
Phyciodes camillus, var. pallidus, Edw.—One example taken July 7
on Symphoricar pos.
Grapta interrogationis, var Fabricit, Edw.—Taken by J. C. Craw-
ford,.'|'r.,\| une 24.
Grapta comma, var Harrisii, Edw.—Frequently taken on the logs
at an old sawmill; also on dead branches and trunks of trees in the
canons, June 20 to July 29.
Grapta sephyrus, Edw.—The most abundant species of Graffa.
Taken in same situations as two preceding species.
_Grapta progne, Cram.—General in 1900. Monroe Canon.
Vanessa antiopa, Linn.—Infrequently met with.
Vanessa Milberti, Godt.—Four examples were taken during the fore
part of June, three in Warbonnet Canon and one in an alkali meadow in
the Bad Lands.
Pyrameis atalanta, Linn. —Common.,
Pyrameis Huntera, Fabr. — Three examples late in July on
Monarda.
Pyrameis cardui, Linn.—Extremely abundant from june 18 to
hy 2.
Junonia cenia, Hiib.—One battered specimen on Symphoricarpos,
July 20.
Limenitis Weidemeyerii, Edw.—Common from June 1 to July 15.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309
Weidemeyerii was usually taken around chokecherry, but it was extremely
difficult to secure specimens in perfect condition.
Limenitis misippus, Linn.—A few were secured.
Apatura celtis, Bd.-Lec.—Males were flying abundantly on July 1,
and females a week or so later. This species would frequently alight on
my hands or head as I was passing clumps of dead brush in the canons.
Anea andria, Scud.—A single specimen was observed at Crawford,
July 27.
Leonympha eurytus, Fab.—Abundant, July 2 to 27.
Cenonympha ochracea, Edw.—Flying abundantly, both on the
Divide and in the canons, from May 25 to June 30.
Leominots Ridingsit, Edw.—From June 20 until July 15 this species
was common on the Divide.
Satyrus alope, var. nephele, Kirby.—About a dozen perfect examples
were secured in the latter part of July in the canons.
Satyrus Meadii, Edw. (2?) —On July 19 Mr. Carriker reported
having seen a Satyr with a large brick-red patch on each front wing.
Satyrus charon, Edw.—Common in the sage brush, July 2 to 20.
Chionobas chryxus, Dbl.-Hewit.—On Divide, May 25 to June 20,
abundant.
Libythea Bachmani, Kirtl.—One example secured July 21 on
Symphoricarpos.
Thecla melinus, Hiib.—July 15 to 29, abundant.
Thecla acadica, Edw.— Several taken in latter part of July.
Thecla liparops, Bd.-Lec.—Abundant on wild grape, same date as
last.
Thecla eryphon, Bd.—A few secured in May.
Thecla titus, Fabr.—Common in July on grapevines.
Chrysophanus rubidus, Behr.—Taken on Yarrow, July 3 to 27.
Lycaena lycea, Edw.—The most abundant “ blue.” On the Divide
this species frequented the flowers of a lupine. In the canons it was
taken in damp places. Flying May 25 to July 29.
Lycaena antiacis, Bd.—May 19 to June 1, 1900, commen. But two
examples were secured in rgot.
Lycaena sagittigera, Feld.—Common in 1990, rare in 1got.
Lycaena shasta, Edw. (?)—A number of small Zycaenas were taken
on gravelly exposures on the Divide early in July which appear to be
much nearer shasta than Scudderii, and I temporarily refer them here.
S10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Lycaena melissa, Edw.—Abundant in the canons, May 25 to July
15. Taken also in the Bad Lands.
Lycaena acmon, Dbl.-Hewit.—Bad Lands, May 25 to June ro. Also
one July 27.
Lycaena pseudargiolus, Bd.-Lec.
Var. marginata, Edw.—Several examples in 1g00.
Var. violacea, Edw.—A single ? in July, 1got.
Lycaena amyntula, Bd.—Common in latter part of May and early in
June.
Lycaena comyntas, Godt.—Early in June, rare.
Lycaena isola, Reak.—Nearly a dozen examples were captured on
damp sand in the canons, June 24 to July 29.
Neophasia menapia, Feld.—Flying abundantly about the tops of
pines late in July.
Pieris sisymbri, Bd.—Several in 1900.
Pieris protodice, Bd.-Lec.—Common.
Pieris napi,var. (?)—One secured.
Pieris rapae, Linn.—But two examples were taken.
Nathalis iole, Bd.—Several seen late in June.
Anthocharis ausonides, Bd.—A single specimen in r1go0o, and one
again in July, 1got.
Colias cesonia, Stoll.—One seen July ro.
Colias eurytheme, Bd.—Abundant.
Colias philodice, Godt.—A number in May and again late in July.
Colias philodice, var. anthyale, Hiibh—Mr. J. C. Crawford, Jr.,
secured a single example of this small variety in 1goo.
Colias Alexandra, Edw.— Abundant on the Divide, May 25 to June
20. Females flying June 10 to 20,
Colias Alexandra, var. Edwardsti, Behr.—I secured two males in
1900.
Terias Mexicana, Bd.—On Verbena hastata, July 14. One
specimen.
Parnassius smintheus, Dbl.-Hewit.—Frequenting gravelly exposures
on the Divide, June 4 to July 6. Feeding on Sedum stenopetalum.
Parnassius smintheus, var. hermodur, WH. Edw.—On June 27, Mr.
Crawford secured an extremely dark 2, which I shall refer here for the
present.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ol
Papilio Bairdii Oregonia, Edw.-—I secured a battered ¢ ona high
butte, July 12.
Papilio zolicaon, BA.—Common in 1900, but rare in 1go1. This
and the following species were usually found around the rim-rock, seldom
in the canons.
Papilio indra, Reak.—Two examples in 1g00, one in rgot.
Papilio polyxenes, Fabr.—One specimen.
Papilio turnus, Linn.—Uncommon.
Papilio turnus, var. glaucus, Linn.
One seen July 22.
Papilio rutulus, Bd.—Several seen and one secured on Pentstemon,
July ro.
Papilio daunus, Bd.—The common afi/io of the region. Usually
seen in the canons on hot days.
Thymelicus Edwardsii, Barnes.—A species of Zhymelicus which
appears to be somewhat intermediate between garita and Hdwardsiz, but
much nearer the latter species, was flying abundantly over the prairie on
the Divide from June 26 to July 15.
Pamphila taxiles, Edw.—On Monarda, June 29 to July 27.
Pamphila rhesus, Edw.—One example on the Divide, May 22, 1goo.
Pamphila uncas, Edw.—Common on flowers of Opuntia in June.
Pamphila sp.—On Monarda and grapevines.
Pamphila metacomet, Harr.—Several secured on Monarda, same
dates as last.
Pamphila metacomet, var. vestris, Bd.—Fairly abundant.
Pamphila sp.—Not determined.
Pamphila hianna, Scud.—Several examples in 1900.
Pamphila sp.
Amblyscirtes vialts, Edw.—Frequently taken in June.
Not specifically determined.
Pyrgus montivagus, Reak.—Abundant in the sage brush.
Nisoniades martialis, Scud.—Damp places in the canons.
Nisoniades sp.—A few were taken in similar situations to the
preceding.
Pholisora catullus, Fabr.—Abundant in July.
Eudamus pylades, Scud.—Monroe Canon. late in May, 1900,
Eudamus tityrus, Fabr.—Abundant,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
bo
A REPLY TO DR. WASMANN.
BY THOS. L. CASEY, VICKSBURG, MISS,
Truth may be likened to a bull’s-eye—it is much more difficult to hit
than to miss. The “splitters” frequently throw their shots too high and the
“lumpers” too low, and there are many other sources of aberration which
cause the careless worker to miss the bull’s-eye. It has sometimes been
my misfortune to aim a little too high in monographic work, where the
familiarity engendered by long and close investigation may have led to the
assignment of too great weight to certain differential characters, but, in the
case of the genera allied to Homeusa (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., VIIL., p.
53), I feel myself obliged to dissent from the views advanced by Mr.
Wasmann in the September number of this journal.
Myrmobiota differs so completely in habitus from //omausa, that it is
only by considering the general characters of the group that it can be
discovered to be allied in any way to that genus. So/:wsa resembles
Hlomeusa in general habitus, but differs profoundly in abdominai
structure, the basal tergites being strongly constricted at base in the
latter and unconstricted in the former. It is rather unfair for Mr.
Wasmann to cite other genera, in which such and such characters
become valueless, because it is well known to every biological worker
that characters perfectly suitable as generic criteria in one group of species
may lose all taxonomic value in another group, which may not even be
far removed in the series.
It is not, however, primarily the defence of the genera in question that
moves me to make this reply, but rather a singular feature, allied to
disingenuousness on the part of Mr. Wasmann, which appears from some
recent personal correspondence, and which reappears in the third paragraph
of his article. To properly show this forth, it is necessary to reproduce
the three postal cards which I have received from Mr. Wasmann during
the current year. The entire text only of each card is given, the salutation
and endings being omitted. The first is as follows :
‘“ LUXEMBURG, March sth, rgot.
‘T acknowledge the receipt of your kind letter from February zoth ;
also your paper on Corylophide, etc., has arrived, but I could not find
time to inform you of its arrival till now. Your publications will be
always welcome to me; also specimens of myrmecophilous or termitophilous
species, especially of those which you describe.”
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ote
Nothing occurred after this acknowledgment of the receipt of my
paper containing the table of the Homausa group until the arrival of the
following postal and littie box :
‘‘ LUXEMBURG, May Ist, Igor.
** Will you have the kindness to name the species of JA7yrmobiota for
me, which I send you by the same post in a little box? It was sent to me
by one of my correspondents, who found it with Zaszus niger.”
It seems quite evident that the crafty wording of this missive was
intended to ensnare if not to delude me, and as I had taken particular
care in the paper mentioned to show why JZyrmodiota could not be the
same as Homeusa, the tacit assumption here implied that I did not know
one genus from the other caused me to answer Mr. Wasmann rather
sharply, and I informed him in positive terms that the specimen sent was
in no manner a A/yrmodiota, but a true Homeusa, and alluded to my
recently-published paper, which I stated he could not have examined.
Thereupon, [ received the following postal :
‘* LUXEMBURG, June Ist, 1901.
‘“‘ Having not your ‘/as¢ paper,’ in which you explained the differences
between Homeusa and Myrmobiota, | ask you to send it to me. Your
letter has come to my hands, and I learned the existence of that paper
only by your note in the letter. My specimens of ‘J7yrmobiota crassicornis’
were from Wickham too; I-am curious to know how you explain the
generic difference between A/yrmobiota and Homeusa now.”
My astonishment on receiving this postal can well be imagined, but I
nevertheless sent him another copy of the paper, and heard nothing more
until the article in question appeared in this journal.
The fact that Mr. Wasmann still adheres positively to his origina]
theory that J/yrmobiota is congeneric with Homausa, without having even
a specimen, seems to savour of that form of narrow-mindedness which
occasionally comes to light, even in men of acknowledged ability and
reputation—a hesitancy to correct or withdraw a statement once made,
although demonstrated to be untenable. I have always admired the work
of Mr. Wasmann, and regret the necessity of going into print in dispute
with him, but it will probably be admitted that there is at least some
justification for it in this instance,
514 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
THE“COCCI DZ: OF BRITISH NORTH AMERICA:
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.
(Continued from page 200.)
Since writing my first paper on the Coce?de of British North America,
avery large amount of new and interesting scale insects have been sent to
me for study by Dr. Fletcher and Mr. John Dearness. . In nearly every
instance the twigs sent showed beyond question that the insects occurred
upon the food-plants infested in injurious numbers ; especially so of those
found on blackberry, hazel-nut, spireea, viburnum and oak. ‘The following
are new to the Canadian list :
Pulvinaria tilie, King and CkIl., 1898. (Native.) Mr. John
Dearness sent these from Thedford, Ont, on Cephalanthus occidentalis.
It was first recorded from Mass., found on 77/a Americana, Quercus and
Yimus, and described as a sub-sp. of P. tnanuumerabilis, but further study
proves it to be quite different from that species, and it should stand as
P. tilie.
Lulecanium capree, L., 1758. (Introduced.) Found on a peach
tree growing in a conservatory at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, June 20, 1go1,
by Dr. A. H. Mackay, of Halifax, N. S. Dr. L. Reh, of Hamburg,
Germany, has sent me this species infesting the following food-plants :
Pyrus malus, P. communis, Alnus sp., Crategus coccinea, Prunus
domestica, Tilia sp., and Aesculus hippocastaneum. The species was
originally described as Coccus capree, and has been recorded as Coccus
cypreola, Dalm.; Coccus gibber, Dalm., and Lecanium salicis, Bouche.
Linne described his from Sa//x sp.; it has since been found on Salix
alba and rose in England.
Eulecanium™ corylifex, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) Sent by Dr. Fletcher,
infesting in a serious manner Corydus rostrata and Viburnum pubescens,
growing intermingled at Aylmer, Prov. Quebec, 1901. Originally
described from N. Y.
Eulecanium quercifex, Fitch, 1856. (Native.) Found on oak at
Knowlton, Prov. Quebec, by Miss A. Wood. The species is a common
one in the U. S., and was described from N.’ Y.
Fulecanium vint, Bouché, 1851. (Perhaps introduced.) Last spring
I received a scale trom Dr. Reh, of Hamburg, Germany, infesting
Vitis vinifera, Pyrus communis, P. malus, Prunus armenica, P.
“The species of Fudecanium have hitherto been placed in /ecanzum ; it is here
proposed to regard the genus as a valid one,
THE CANADIAN . ENTOMOLOGIST. Si
(Armygdalus) persica and Robinia pseudacacia, and on Spirea and
Lonicera sp. at Smolond, Sweden; coll. Mr. Sven Lampa. In 185§1,
Bouché described a scale from grapevines ; his description, given to me
by Prof. CockerelJ, is as follows: ‘‘? kahforming in alten aber halbkuglig
werden denkelbraum. Die Eier ohne wallige Euhiillung Lang 3 Lnnen an
Winstocke.” The scale received from Dr. Fletcher on Spir@a salicifolia.
I cannot separate it from those received from Germany. Bouché’s
specimens, however, seem to have been a little larger than those before
me; but the slight difference in their size counts for little in this case.
There is no doubt that this is the so-called ‘ vine-scale” of Germany.
Are these scales introduced, or are they indigenous to both Europe and
North America ?
Chionaspis corni, Cooley, 1899. (Native.) Found on dogwood
(Cornus stolonifera), April 5, 1899, in a shallow, shrubby swamp at
London, Ont.; coll. Dearness. This was described from Mass. in 1899,
found at Reading on Cornus paniculata and C. alternifolia.
Nores ON PREVIOUSLY RECORDED SPECIES.
The following notes are of interest, giving as they do several new
food-plants and geographical range :
Eriopeltis festuce, Fonsc. Sent by Dr. Fletcher; found in the woods
on Carex pedunculata at Ottawa. ‘This is a new locality and food-plant.
Pulvinaria occidentalis, Ck\l. This was found by Dr. Mackay, June
14, 1901, on gooseberry bushes at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia. The plants
were kept covered with glass jars until the young leaves began to appear.
It was under ihese conditions when the scales were observed. A new
locality.
Eulecanium quercitronis, Fitch. Mr. John Dearness sent these on
twigs of U/mus sp., May 28, 1891, from London, Ont. This is a new
food-plant and new locality for the species in Canada, but is a common
food-plant for the species in the U. S.
(To be continued.)
CORRESPONDENCE.
CONCERNING LARVAL DESCRIPTIONS.
The July Can. Ent. (Vol. XXXIII., p. 186) contains a full and valu-
able account of the larva of A/sophila pometaria, by W. E. Hinds. The
numbering of the sete in the figure on page 186 is unfortunately stated to
316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
be ‘according to Dyar’s classification.” ‘This is misleading. The
essential part of that classification depends upon the homologies of the
tubercles, which I indicated by certain arbitrary numbers. Of course,
Mr. Hinds is at liberty to call tubercle il.a of the thorax iv., or vil. of the
abdomen vi. + vil., etc., as in his figure, or make any other numbering, but
he will please not label the result ‘‘ according to Dyar’s classification,”
which it is not. No one could homologize the description on page 187
with my writings without changing the numbers. Uniformity seems
desirable. Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C.
Nor SURPRISED.
In reference to Mr. J. Alston Moffat’s interesting account of the
emergence of a Ze/ea polyphemus cocoon, My the October number, and his
query, “Is it double-brooded somewhere I would say that it is quite
possible in localities and seasons. This year I caught a dark-coloured ?
specimen early in May, and near the end of August I found emerging
from a beautifully white and fresh-looking cocoon a light-coloured 2. In
1898, I caught a large number of specimens at light throughout the
months of May and June, and early in September found five specimens,
two perfect, the other newly emerged, all resting on apple trees and
distinctly paler in colour than those of the early part of the season. It
struck me as remarkable, as I had seen no pales flying during
August or September, and concluded they were belated in their
emergence. But on consideration it looks as if they were second broods,
so hastened or prematurely emerged from their pupa state that they had
not the strength and vitality of those that emerged in the proper season.
Although kept alive for some time before killing, their wings crinkled up
after being set, and made such unsatisfactory specimens for a collection
that I threw them out. I now think that in some seasons there is a
small second brood here, but so immature or weak that they do not fly.
(CHARLES STEVENSON, Montreal.
THE NORTHWEST (CANADA) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
The third annual meeting of this Society has been convened for
Saturday, November gth, 1go1, at 3 p.m., at Lacombe, Alberta, N.-W. T.
(1) To review the past work of the Society.
(2) To devise extension of the work.
(3) To elect officers for 1go02.
This meeting will, we understand, be of unusual interest, as prizes
have been offered, two by Dr. James Fletcher, of Ottawa, and one by the
Society, for competition by the young folk of Lacombe district for the
best collections of insects of all orders, and the best of noxious and
beneficial insects. As there are a considerable number of Agricultural
Societies and farmers who are members of the N.-W. Entomological
Society, this competition is a step in the right direction.
Mailed November 8th, 1901.
he wanadliay Entomologist.
|
!
VoL. XXXII. LONDON, DECEMBER, root. Nowe
A NEW GORTYNA, AND NOTES ON THE GENUS.
BY HENRY H. LYMAN, M. A., MONTREAL.
I use the name Gortyna in preference to Aydrecia as, without
pretending to be an authority upon the question, it appears to me that
there is better authority for the former, as used by Mr. Grote, than for
the latter. My acquaintance with the moths of this genus, which I have
always admired, dates back about thirty years, but in spite of that length
of time my knowledge of them up till last year was of the most meagre
description, and apart from the species which has stood so long in our
collections under the name JVictitans, and a few specimens of Ve/ata,
Walk., I only possessed about half a dozen specimens, mostly in poor
condition, representing Zmmanis, Stramentosa, Rigida, Nebris, Rutila,*
and a form which Mr. Bird believes to be new.
It may be of some interest to point out that the specimen of Rigida
referred to was taken by me probably between 1873 and 1875, and was
lent, among other specimens, for the Society’s exhibit at the Centennial
Exhibition at Philadelphia, in 1876, and was returned to me under the
name Purpurifascia, Rigida not having been described till the following
year. For some reason which I cannot understand, the two forms
Nitela and Webris have, since the issue of Grote’s Check List of 1882,
stood in our catalogues under the specific name /Vite/a and the varietal
name JVedris. If the JViteca form were the prevailing one, with the form
Nebris much less frequent, the position thus given them would be quite
natural, but if, as I understand is the case, the two forms occur in
practically equal numbers, the name /Vebris should take precedence as
*There is some uncertainty as to whether this form is the true Avér/a,
318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
the name of the species, with JV¢e/a as the varietal name, on the ground
of priority, as Guencée described Vedris first and then JWVfe/a, saying :
“Taille et couleur de la Vedris, dont elle ne difftre que par l’absence
complete des taches blanches, et les palpes un peu plus longs et plus
ascendants.”}
An additional reason for this position, if any were needed, is that
Nebris has the typical markings of the genus, while A¢e/a departs from
the type.
Another matter to which I am obliged to take exception is the
giving of the name Af/antica by Prof. J. B. Smith to the form which had
been supposed to be identical with the Wetctans of Europe. Speyer had
recognized at least a varietal difference in 1875, and named the American
form var. Americana, and if its specific distinctness be recognized, Speyer’s
name must be used, as there is no warrant under the law of priority for
setting it aside.
Last year I was informed by Mr. Winn and Mr. Brainerd, between
the middle and end of July, that the larve of Rw7ti/a could be obtained
commonly, boring in the burdock. I was not able to look for them at
once, but went out early in August, and succeeded in finding about half a
dozen bored stems, which I took home. Later, on cutting them open to
see if I had anything, [ found the burrows in all but one tenanted only
by wood-lice and slugs, but in the last one opened I found a pupa. This
I kept in the stem, under a glass shade, and about September rst the
imago emerged and proved to be new to our members, but Dr. Dyar to
whom I subsequently showed it, thought it only a varietal form of
LNecopina.
Shortly afterwards I went to Europe, but did not take the specimen
with me, as my trip was a hurried one, and I was afraid it might
meet with some accident, but when visiting the British Museum I looked
up the specimens in this genus, but could not find anything to agree with
it. I naturally became much interested in the group, and through the
kindness of friends, especially Mr. Henry Bird, by a few purchases and by
my work during the past season, have succeeded in getting together a fair
representation of most of the North American forms.
This year I again searched in the same locality, a little earlier in the
season, and secured five or six of the larvee, and succeeded in rearing five
+Spec. Gen, Noct. IL, 124.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319
more of the moths, and as the form differs from Vecopina, the only species
with which, in my opinion, it could possibly be confused, not only in the
imago, but also in the larval and pupal stages, I have no hesitation in
describing it as a new species.
Gortyna rata, n. sp.
Very similar in general appearance to G. Wecopina. The colour of
the primaries more bronzy, especially in the median space, and with a
distinct purplish or sometimes dull mauve shade beyond the t. p. line.
Head and thorax similar in colour to the primaries, powdered with
white atoms, as in Vecofina; abdomen lighter, similar in shade to the
secondaries, and more evenly gray. In JVecopina the dorsal tuft is
somewhat conical, and projects forward, while in “vata it is more
transverse and slopes backward. Antenne brown or grayish, slightly
marked with whitish, springing from a whitish collar.
The wings, especially the primaries, are also somewhat powdered
with white, but much less so, and, in general, less evenly so, than in
Necopina. Of the types, the one which comes nearest to Vecopina is
No. 5, and in this the powdering is almost as even as in that species.
The markings, as a rule, are obscure, especially in the flown specimens,
but the t. p. line is generally fairly well marked, and the t. a. line can
occasionally be made out either in whole or in part.
In five out of the six bred specimens there are a few yellowish spots
or dots running in from the costa a little before the apex, and in four out
of the six there are on costa of primaries four yellowish dots, the first
being just above the reniform and the others between it and the pre-
apical series, at about equal distances apart. The t. p. line, when
strongly marked, as in type No. 6, a most remarkable specimen, is seen
to be double, and sometimes, as in type No. 2, the space within the lines
is more or less filled with yellowish scales.
The orbicular and reniform are generally obsolete, or, at most,
indicated by dark shades only, but in type 6 both are present, the former
only represented by a yellowish dot, but the latter well developed and
consisting of a central curved brownish-yellow line surrounded by five or
six yellowish or whitish spots of varying size and shape.
In several of the specimens there is a purplish or dull mauve shading
within the t. a. line, or between it and where the basal line should be
The s. t. line, when shown, is strongly dentate, but is generally indicated
merely by the difference in shade between the dull mauve within and the
320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
bronzy shade beyond it, though its course is sometimes indicated by a few
yellowish scales. The secondaries are paler than in Vecopf/na, the veins
dark, and generally with a discal mark and a submarginal dark shade.
Both wings show a double terminal dark line, but naturally this is more
evident on the lighter secondaries.
Fringes of primaries dark, slightly mottled with mauve gray, of
secondaries lighter. Beneath, primaries dark brownish gray, lighter
towards inner margin, secondaries dark on costal margin and especially
at apex, the rest lighter, with a dark discal spot and median line. Both
wings more or less powdered as above. Feet brown, fore tarsi marked
with whitish.
Expanse 32 to 43 mm.
Described from nine specimens, 4 ¢ and 5 9, six bred by me between
August 24th and September 6th and now in my collection, and three,
Nos. 7-9, captured by Mr. Winn on September roth and 14th, which are
in his collection.
The food-plant of the larva, as already mentioned, is burdock
(Arctium Lappa, L.), and the larve when found were apparently in the
penultimate stage. I intended to make a detailed description, but being
exceedingly busy, delayed too long, and when I removed them from their
burrows for this purpose I found that they were mature, and, as is usual in
this genus, the markings had become too obscure for any description to
be of value.
I noticed, however, when I found them that the dorsal and sub-
dorsal lines were continuous, thus differing from Azf7/a, in which only the
dorsal line crosses the dark space on the first four abdominal segments,
and Vecopina, in which not even the dorsal line crosses this space.
Pupation sometimes took place in the burrows and sometimes not.
The difference in the pupe of the two species is also marked, as in
Necopina there is a frontal tooth-like development, which, as Mr. Bird
suggests, appears to be an indication of what occurs in Ochria, where a
distinct clypeal spur exists, but this is absent in -Zrata, as I was able to
verify through his kindness in sending me some pupe of LVecofina for
comparison.
It is perhaps hardly necessary to add that the specific name which I
have given is from @ratus—overlaid or covered with bronze—from the
prevailing bronzy appearance of the primaries.
eee eee
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. sya |
NEW DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA FROM SOUTH AMERICA.
BY A. G. WEEKS, JR., BOSTON, MASS.
(Continued from page 296.)
Pythonides hirta, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bogata district, Colombia. Expanse: 1.50 inches.
Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen above, dark mouse colour;
beneath, nearly white. Between the eyes are three white dots. Antenne
black. Legs grayish white.
Upper side of fore wing dark mouse cojour. There is a broad
prominent yellowish-white band extending from costa down to submedian
nervure, its inner edge straight, the outer edge swelling outwards
somewhat. ‘The interspaces between this distinctive band and the hind
margin, also the interspaces upwards towards costa, are heavily dusted
with light mouse-coloured scales. ‘The nervures and nervules are nearly
black. The hind margin bears a slight hairy fringe and a very slight
darkish thread.
Upper side of lower wing dark mouse colour. There is a broad
white area covering central half of costa and extending downwards to the
median nervure, suffusing somewhat towards hind margin. Outside of
this area the interspaces show a little lighter shade than the ground
colour. The nervures and nervules are dark. The hind margin has a
slight hairy fringe and a very slight darkish thread.
The yellowish-white band of fore wing and the white band or area of
lower wings form the prominent marking of upper surface. The rest of
the wing is of dark colour, with the slight variations above noted.
The under side of fore wing is divided between white and dead
mouse colour. The basal portion within a line drawn from centre of
costa down to lower angle is white. The rest of the wing (the apical
area) is dead dark mouse colour, the interspaces showing white dashes
starting at subcostal interspaces midway between the apex and the edge
of the white area. The hind margin has a hairy fringe and a darkish
thread.
The lower side of hind wing is white, excepting a broad hind
marginal border of dark mouse colour, which suffuses upwards towards
base as it reaches the anal angle. At the upper angle there is a sugges-
2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
tion of a white line running through this border just within the margin,
but it is very indistinct. ‘The hind margin has a slight hairy fringe of
mouse colour and a darkish thread. In some lights the basal area of
both wings shows a2 bluish-gray tinge. The prominent bands of the
upper side also show slightly, owing simply to transparency.
Type.—One specimen taken in 1896. A duplicate of this species
was found in the Godman collection unnamed, and undoubtedly it has
never been described.
Thecla Francis, sp. nov.
Habitat ; Bolivia, near Alezuni. Expanse: .88 inch.
Head, thorax and abdomen above, black, with grayish hairs ; below,
grayish white, with yellowish tinge towards end of abdomen. Antenne
above, nearly black, with white annulations at base of each joint ; below,
lighter, nearly white towards club. Club somewhat tawny. Legs grayish
white.
Upper side of fore wing dead grayish-brown. The area bordered by
a line drawn from base up median nervure, thence to a point midway
between end of discoidal space and hind margin on first discoidal
nervule, and thence straight down to inner margin, shows a decided
purplish lustre, evident in almost all lights. The angle at apex and also
at lower angle is quite sharp.
Upper side of lower wing the same, except that the lustrous area
covers entire wing, barring the costal region and inner marginal edge.
The lustrous area is also less purplish than on fore wings, having a more
bluish tinge. The hind margin is bordered by a dark thread. At end
of submedian nervure there is a short, stumpy tail, not threadlike, but
rather a jutting out of the wing area. The nervures and nervules are
distinctly darker than ground colour,
Under side of fore wing dead grayish-brown, of a lighter shade than
upper surface. One-third distance from apex to base there is a very
slight suggestion of a line of interspacial whitish lines, extending down-
wards parallel to hind margin. It is scarcely perceptible, however.
Under side of hind wing of the same ground colour as fore wing.
The whitish line extends downwards to anal angle, being no more promi-
nent than on fore wings, scarcely perceptible. Just above the lower sub-
median nervule, close to the margin, is a semicircle of light tawny, not
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 323
a all prominent, but quite perceptible on close inspection. The basal
area of the wing is dusted with dark scales.
Type.—One specimen taken August 8th, 1899.
Lisoniades tihoneta, sp. nov.
Habitat: Bolivia, near La Paz. Expanse: 1.75 inches.
Mavle.—Head, palpi, thorax and abdomen above, black, with
brownish hairs ; beneath, black, with red-brown hairs. Antennze above,
black ; beneath, lighter, turning to yellowish white at club. The
abdomen has a red-brown end.
Fore wing above blackish-brown, with a few lighter hairs in basal
area. Near end of discoidal space is a jagged white spot. Midway
between this and apex are three subcostal interspacial white dots. Ona
line drawn from apex down to centre of inner margin is a series of white
spots, five in number. ‘The first is scarcely visible, and under it, in next
interspace, is a larger spot ; below this and nearer the base is another of
about the same size; below this and nearer the base is another much
larger one ; below this and nearer the base, resting on submedian nervure,
is another directly under the white discoidal spot. Running from end of
discoidal space, starting just inside of the largest white spot, is a distinct
white line, ending at submedian nervure and having a background of
blackish brown, darker than ground colour. ‘The hind margin has a
narrow fringe of hairs of ground colour, but tawny as it approaches lower
angle. The white spots are transparent rather than absolutely white.
Hind wing above blackish brown, with tawnyish hairs covering basal
area. Ona line drawn from upper angle across to the centre of inner
margin are four interspacial elongated transparent white spots, the first
under the first subcostal nervule, and the rest following in the consecutive
interspaces. ‘The fringe of hind margin is tawny, narrow at upper angle,
but broadening towards anal angle, and becoming quite prominent.
Under side of fore wing duplicates the white spots of upper surface,
the lowest spot showing more whitish. The apical area extending half
way toward the base is brown, tending to dark brick red. The interspaces
just within hind margin are heavily dusted with grayish scales from apex
half way down to lower angle, forming quite a prominent feature. The
basal area is blackish. Fringe of hind margin is the same as on upper
surface. The white line of upper surface running from end of discoidal
space downwards does not appear on under side.
324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST
The ground colour of under side of hind wing is brown, tending to
dark brick red. From the centre of costa, extending transversely across
to submedian nervure, is a band or area heavily dashed with grayish or
whitish scales bending towards base at its central portion. ‘The trans-
parent white spots of upper side are repeated. The two interspaces
towards inner margin are dusted with whitish scales, giving an appearance
of a continuation of the spots. The hind margin has a fringe of tawny
hairs, becoming quite prominent towards anal angle. Within the margin
for upper half of wing, the interspaces are heavily dusted with grayish or
whitish scales. ‘The inner margin is reddish brown, the two interspaces
above being blackish.
Female.—Identical with male, excepting the absence of the white
line and its dark ground on fore wings.
Described from specimens taken April 5th, 1899. It is very closely
allied to VV. macareus, Herr Schaff.
A CHANGE OF NAME.
I have been promptly informed by Prof. Cockerell that the name
Phyllostoma, used by me in the November number, page 290, for a new
genus of Lucanide, is already in use for a genus of bats. I would
therefore propose in its stead DipHyLLostoma. It has become a matter
of no small difficulty to select for a new genus a significant name, which
has never been used in any department of zoology, and for this reason
there is some excuse for the custom in vogue among certain authors
of using for generic titles purely meaningless, but euphonius, combinations
of letters, or various permutations of the letters in the names of older
allied genera. ‘This method of coining generic names certainly possesses
the merit of simplicity, since they can be evolved in any required quantity
at a moment’s notice and with practically no danger of preoccupation.
Personally, the custom seems deplorable for several reasons, but I am not
disposed to deny that it may be defended on other grounds than
expediency, H. C. FAu,
(Se)
bo
or
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
THE LIFE-HISTORY OF ARCT/A VIRGUNCULA, KIRBY.
BY ARTHUR GIBSON, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL
FARM, OTTAWA.
On the 22nd June, rgor, I received from Mr, A. Kwiat, of Chicago,
a batch of eggs of Arctia virguncula, Kirby. These eggs were laid on
the 18th June and hatched on the 25th and 26th. The following notes
on the early stages of the species were taken. A brief description of the
mature larva was published by Mr. Coquillett, in the first number of
Papilio, in r88r.
Egg.—o 8 mm. in diameter, semi-ovoid, about as high as wide,
shiny, creamy white at first; before hatching, a shiny lead colour. Under
a lens the egg has a reticulated appearance and is slightly concave at
base.
Stage 1.
deeply depressed at apex, upper inside portion of cheeks black, shiny ;
clypeus and lower part of face brownish, ocelli black, mouth-parts
blackish; hairs on face, some iong and some short, pale and black. On
each segment of body is a transverse row of shiny black tubercles.
Tubercle i very small, 1 and ili large, iv and v smaller than 11 and iu;
li, iii, iv and v are surrounded with a wide blotch of reddish-brown.
The colour of the skin at first is a dirty cream; after feeding, the larve
are pale greenish. [he reddish blotches surrounding the tubercles give
the larvee a reddish appearance, and the skin in the centre of dorsum
against the reddish blotches appears as a dorsal stripe. The hairs from
the tubercles are long and slender, those on dorsum being black, while
those from lateral and lower tubercles are pale. ‘Thoracic shield black,
bearing small black tubercles. Thoracic feet and prolegs semi-translucent,
slightly darker exteriorly than ventral surface.
On the 28th June all the larvee were swollen, and by the morning
Length,z2 mm. Head 0.4 to 0.45 mm. wide, rounded, rather
of the 29th had passed the first moult
Stage J7.—Length, 4.2 mm. Head, 0.55 to 0.6 mm. wide, shiny,
shaped as before; upper portion of cheeks blackish, lower portion and
clypeus brown, mouth-parts reddish brown, hairs on face long and slender,
mostly black on upper portion, pale on lower; some heads have more
326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
black than others. Just after moulting, in general appearance the larve
are black, but after a day the skin is of a shiny, semi-translucent greenish
tint, and the tubercles are each in a field of pale reddish-brown, which, as
in Stage I, gives the larve a reddish appearance. ‘The dorsal stripe is
distinct, of a pale blutsh-green colour. ‘The tubercles are large (i very
small), shiny black, the dorsal series bearing a bunch of short, barbed,
black bristles. Tubercle 11 has a shining base. ‘The bristles from lateral
and lower tubercles are pale, rather reddish. Spiracles black and very
small. ‘Thoracic shield not so conspicuous as in Stage I. Thoracic
feet and prolegs concolorous, darkened at tips.
On the 2nd July some of the larve passed the second moult, others
on the 3rd and 4th.
Stage ///,—Length 6.5 mm. Head, 0.8 to 0.9 mm. wide ; almost
whole upper surface of cheeks dark shiny brown, clypeus and lower
portion of cheeks pale—of a yellowish-brown tinge, — mouth-parts
blackish, or dul! reddish ; hairs on face long and short, the long ones
mostly black, short ones pale ; ocelli black, antennze brownish, the basal
half pale. In general appearance the larvee in this stage are dark brown.
On examination with a lens, the skin is seen to be greenish, covered with
brown blotches. The dorsal stripe is pale blue and distinct. The
tubercles are shiny black, 1 very small, it very large, with a polished
base, ii slightly smaller than il, and iv slightly smaller than i. Bristles
from tubercles distinctly barbed. ‘Vhe colour of the skin between
tubercles 11 and iil, and ii and iv is yellowish, with a slight reddish
tinge. The bristles from dorsal and lateral tubercles are mostly black.
but these tubercles also bear a few pale bristles. The bristles from
ventral surface are pale and shorter. The dorsal tubercles on segments
12 and 13 bear a few very long bristles. The spiracles are very small,
black and close in front of tubercle iv. The thoracic feet and prolegs are
concolorous with venter, but are darkened in front.
During the morning of the 6th July a few specimens passed the third
moult ; others moulted on the 7th, 8th and oth.
Stage [V.—Length, 1o mm. Head, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. wide, depressed
at apex, lobes almost wholly black, space on sides of cheek, just above
ocelli, pale brownish; lower front of face brown, with the exception of
central portion of clypeus, which is blackish; antennee brown, pale at
base; ocelli black, mouth-parts as before. The larve in general
SY)
bo
~I
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
=F a - = — ae
appearance are now deep black, with reddish bristles from lower lateral
and ventral tubercles. The dorsal stripe is pale bluish, indistinct in most
specimens. The tubercles are large (i small), shiny black, bristles
barbed ; all tubercles about same proportion as before, ii has a shining
base. The bristles from i and i are mostly pure black, but there are a
few pale rust-red bristles intermingled. Those from tubercles iii and iv
are mostly pale rust-red, but there are also a few black bristles mixed with
these. The bristles from the tubercles below the spiracles are pale rust-
red. Spiracles small, black. The dorsal tubercles on the two posterior
segments bear a few very long bristles as before. Thoracic feet shiny jet
black ; prolegs, upper half concolorous with venter, lower half paie, ali
bearing sparse short hairs. As the larvee increase in size during this
stage, the skin loses its deep black colour, becoming more of a blackish-
brown, with the venter rather paler than the dorsum.
On the rath July about ten specimens passed the fourth moult ;
others on the 13th and 14th.
Stage V.—Length, 16 mm. Head, 1.5 to 1.6 mm. wide, indented at
vertex as before, whole front of face shiny black, with exception of margin
of clypeus at sides, which is brown; space on sides of cheek, just above
ocelli, pale brownish as before, but now spotted with darker brown ;
ocelli black, antennz as before, mouth-parts blackish. Skin of body
wholly velvety black. The dorsal stripe has disappeared and is not
present in any of the specimens (50). In most of the larvee the bristles
from tubercles 1 and ii are all black, but in a few specimens many of
these bristles are dark reddish. ‘Tubercie ui bears mostly black bristles,
with some reddish ones intermingled. From tubercle iv all the bristles
but one or two are bright rust-red. bristles from tubercles v and vi are
all bright rust-red, as well as those from ventral tubercles. Spiracles
small and black as before, almost touching anterior edge of tubercle iv.
Thoracic feet and prolegs as in last stage, sete on all feet short and
concolorous with bristles from ventral ana lower tubercles.
On the 16th July one larva passed the fifth moult, and on the 17th
and 18th many others moulted.
Stage V7.—Length, 25 mm. Head, 2.0 to 2.2 mm. wide, same as
last stage, only the pale space above ocelli has larger spots. Body as in
Stage V, with no markings. The reddish bristles from tubercle iy and
those from tubercles below spiracles are very bright. The bristles from
328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
tubercles i and il in most specimens are all black, but some have one or
two reddish bristles also. Tubercle iii has mostly black bristles, but also
a few reddish ones. ‘lubercles all black as before, bristles barbed.
Spiracles black. ‘Thoracic feet black, setae mostly pale; prolegs pale
reddish, setee concolorous with bristles from subventral tubercles.
On the zoth July one larva passed the sixth moult, another on the
21st, and others on the following days.
Stage ViI,—\ength, 31 mm. Head, 2.5 to 3.0 mm. wide, slightly
smaller than segment 2, rounded, somewhat quadrate, depressed slightly at
vertex, black, shiny, flattened in front; ocelli black, hairs on face all
black, with exception of a few pale ones around mouth-parts ; antenne
pale at base, dark in centre, and brownish at tip. In some specimens the
median suture is pale, also the lower half of the epistoma. Skin of body
in many specimens wholly velvety black; in others, same colour, but
shading to grayish-black subventrally. Tubercles all black ; bristles
distinctly barbed. ‘Tubercle i small, about one-third the size of ii; 11 with
a shining base, larger than iil; ili, iv and v about same size; vi smaller
than v. Bristles from i, 11, 11 and upper half of iv black, from lower half of
iv and other tubercles bright rust-red. In some specimens nearly all the
bristles from iv are rust-red. Spiracles black, inconspicuous, almost
touching anterior edge of tubercle iv. On segments 12 and 13 there are
a few long black hairs. Thoracic feet shiny black, tipped with reddish
brown ; setze mostly pale; prolegs, upper portion shiny black, lower
portion and claspers reddish ; seta rust-red.
The mature larva at rest is 35 mm. long, and when extended, 40 mm.
On the 28th July two specimens began to spin their cocoons ;
another on the 1st August, and others soon afterwards.
The cocoon is thin, consisting simply of a slight web of reddish-
brown silk covering the pupa, and is enclosed ina leaf or two of the food-
plant, which have been drawn together and fastened by threads of silk.
Some of the specimens spun up amongst some blades of dry grass which
were in the breeding cage.
Pupa.—Length, 22 mm.; width at widest part, 7.5 mm.; black, folds
of abdomen faintly dull reddish ; pruinose ; abdomen bears sparse short,
thick hairs, and is minutely pitted; thorax and wing-cases wrinkled.
Spiracles dull black, faintly tinged with dark red in centre. Cremaster
round, shiny black, terminating in a bunch of about 22-25 capitate dull-
reddish bristles.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 329
The first moth emerged on the 11th August, the next on the 17th
August, and others on the roth and zoth August. The average length of
the pupal stage was 14 days. In the spring of 1gor, the late Mr. T. G.
Priddey, of Toronto, sent to the Division a few larve of A. virguncula.
One of these began to spin a cocoon on the 1st May, the moth emerging
on the 28th May. Another specimen which began to spin on the 5th
May had changed to pupa by the 8th May, and the moth emerged on
the 1st June. In these two instances it will be seen that the length of the
pupal stage was much longer than that of those mentioned above. Some
of the larvz of the above brood stopped feeding about the middle of
August, and acted as if they wanted to hibernate. In September they
were put in a cool cellar, but by the middle of October they had all died.
These were all mature larve, and I cannot account for their not
spinning up with the others. At Toronto the writer has taken the moths
commonly at light about the middle of June.
food-plant.—The larve described in the present paper, as_ well
as those received in the spring, were fed on plantain and dandelion.
A NEW GENUS OF MYRMELEONID.
BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST END, VA.
Hagen, in his ‘‘Stray Notes on Myrmeleonide,” published in the
CANADIAN ENTOMOLGIST for 1887 (Vol. XIX., p. 210), called attention
to the fact that there are several species of ant-lion-flies in this country
which lack tibial spurs. He placed these species in MWVaracanda,
McLach., a genus based on one species from Turkestan. McLachlan’s
description of the genus agrees moderately weil with our forms, except in
a few minor paruculars. But on examining the figure of the Turkestan in-
sect it is at once apparent that our forms are not congeneric with it. The
figure {| Fedtschenko’s Reise in Turkestan, Neuroptera, Plate 1, fig, 1|
shows that in J/aracanda there are five or six crossveins before the origin
of the radial sector, and that the first branch of the radial sector arises
far beyond the end of anal vein. These characters place the genus ina
different section from the species we have included in J/aracanda.
Moreover, the figure shows that the prothorax is quite broad, and the
femora are stated to be lineate with black in the description. The last
joint of the labial palpus is said to be much dilated. All these characters
are foreign to the species we have wrongly included in Waracanda;
therefore it becomes necessary to propose a new genus for our species.
350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Cryptoleon, new genus.
Antenne about as long as head and prothorax ; pronotum rather
narrow ; legs rather short and not slender, no spurs, anterior tarsus about
as long as the tibia; last joint of labial palpi but little swollen. ‘Two or
four crossveins before origin of radial sector ; first branch of radial sector
arises much before the end of anal vein; costals in a single or double
series ; in the hind wings the cubital fork runs parallel to the anal vein
for some distance.
Type, AZyrmeleon conspersus Rambr.
CURIOUS EFFECT OF THE. ATTACK -OF AN; AslLLUS Iby
ON COLIAS PHILODICE.
BY ALBERT F. WINN, WESTMOUNT, P. Q.
During the last week*of my holidays at Biddeford, Maine, this sum-
mer, Colas philodice was abundant and in fine condition, and a great
many were taken, in the hope that among them there might be some C.
interior, but none of this species were found.
On July roth, however, I noticed on the wing a yellow butterfly
whose flight was most peculiar, and on capturing it, it proved to be a ?
philodice in the clutches of a robber-fly (Asilus ——— sp.). Both were
immediately put in the cyanide bottle, and about an hour later were
folded up in the same paper, and the butterfly was not noticed as being
in any way different from the usual well-known colour, but on the
evening of July 24th, while looking over my captures with Mr. Chagnon, I
came across these two specimens, and, to my surprise, the under side of the
philodice was, by electric light, of a pale greenish colour. I was_ still
further astonished to find that it was quite soft, although it had been in
paper for six days, and all my other specimens were dry. I spread it,
without relaxing, and it was duly taken off the boards to show to Mr.
Lyman, who, | knew, would be interested in anything odd in the way of
a Colias.
About a week later Mr. Lyman brought it back to me, remarking
that “it was very curious that the colour of the under side should have
become that greenish colour, by artificial light, and that 7 fad better
spread it properly. I thought I had done this already, but a slight breath
closed its wings over its back and another flattened them out again.
Three weeks more were given it on the setting-board, and it was still soft,
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331
and now, 11 weeks after its capture, it remains, wings, antenne and all, in
as nice a condition for spreading as you could wish,—but it won't stay
spread !
NOTE ON BAUS.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA.
About ten years ago, in sifting swamp mosses for Coleoptera, I met
with certain active little insects which, despite their wingless form and
almost microscopic size, were recognized as members of the order
Hymenoptera. Some of the individuals so captured were afterwards
described by Ashmead, in his Monograph of North American
Proctotrypide, as Beus minutus and B. piceus. Subsequently, B:
americanus, Howard, and B. niger, Ashmead, were also discovered at
Ottawa. My solitary example of the former species was found sluggishly
crawling on the under surface of a stone in the chilly temperature of early
spring, and one example of B. niger was taken with a sweeping-net at the
end of September. With these two exceptions, all my specimens of the
genus were taken from moss collected at the beginning of winter. All
were females, as might be expected, for it is the females only of bees and
wasps, and probably of all hymenoptera hibernating in the imago condition,
that survive the winter in these northern lands.
It was, therefore, with much pleasure that, in examining a tube in
which a spider’s cocoon had been placed, I found that a number of
minute creatures had emerged, which required only a glance to show that
they belonged to Beus. ‘The cocoon was a small spherical one, of mottled
gray colour, about three millimeters in diameter, and was probably
constructed by a member of the Therediide. It was collected toward the
end of June, but, unfortunately, the tube was laid aside unlabeled, and the
time of emergence of the parasites is not known. Many of the spiders had
also hatched, and had spun many delicate lines throughout the tube before
perishing.
The parasites had apparently emerged later, as the majority of them
had been entangled in the spiders’ threads. They were twenty-four in
number, and, to my delight, four were males, for individuals of which sex
my searches had hitherto been in vain. Probably if they had not appeared
with the females I should have had considerable difficulty in placing them.
Lo
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
The specimens are apparently referable to the B. niger of Ashmead,
which is slightly larger than 2. minutus, and more uniformly coloured.
The females are a deep black, with the exception of the pale under
surface of the antennal club, and of the tarsi, and, in some instances, of
portions of the tibia, which are more or less piceous.
The males at first glance look larger, but this is due to the more
developed thorax and to the presence of the wings. In the female the
thorax is the smallest of the three sections of the body, and is almost lost
sight of between the large head and abdomen. ‘The head of the male is
large, being slightly wider than the thorax, but the abdomen is minute and
flattened, and the thorax robust and dorsally prominent. The antennze
and the legs, except the coxz, are pale yellow, as in the solitary male of
BL. americanus mentioned by Ashmead. The scape of the antenna does
not reach to the anterior ocellus, which is about on a line drawn across
the face through the middle of the eyes; it is as long as four of the
funicular joints. The pedicel is as long as the two following joints and
stouter ; the first joint of funicle is longer than second, but not so thick ;
the following seven joints are submoniliform ; the penultimate is slightly
longer than thick, and the final joint is small and conical. The two
terminal joints are closely appressed, forming a small divided club.
The wings of these four males are much longer than in the individual
figured by Ashmead (loc. cit., Plate VIII.), as they extend fully half their
length beyond the tip of the abdomen. ‘The marginal vein is situated
about one-third of the length of the wing from the base and is as long as
the stigmal nervure, while the basal nervure is well defined. |Ashmead’s
figure shows the marginal vein beyond the centre of the wing, and indicates
that the specimen figured was one not having fully-developed wings. Such
differences in the development of the wings are not uncommon with the
Proctotrypids. In the case of such insects as Beeus, of which the females
are entirely wingless and have the thorax in part atrophied, it is interesting
to find males with wings so well developed.
Mr. Percy B. Grecson, of Waghorn, Alberta, President of the North-
west (Canada) Entomological Society, is leaving at once for a visit to Eng-
land, and does not expect to return till the beginning of March. He begs
that his correspondents will abstain from writing to him during his
absence, as he would be unable to reply to their communications.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333
Po bseCOCCIDA OF BRITISH#NONTEAMERICA:
BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS.
(Continued from page 315.)
Eulecanium Fitchi, Sign. This seems to be a very serious pest.
The specimens sent by Dr. Fletcher came from Mr. J. D. Evans, of
Trenton, Ont., and the scales were infesting a plot of six acres of black-
berry bushes, just as they were about ready for the market. Fortunately,
however, of the first lot received, over one half of the scales were de-
stroyed by a fungus, and of the second lot, about one third at least.
Trenton is a new locality for this scale. In addition, the scale insects
were infested to a remarkable extent by two species of Hyperaspis and
two species of Chalcid parasites.
Eulecanium juglandis, Bouché. Very seriously infesting plum trees
in Nova Scotia. Coll., Prof. Mackay. This is a new locality.
Eulecanitum Canadense, Ckll. This has been found on maple and
elm at Arnstein, Ont., which is a new locality.
Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst. I received this on twigs of gray
willow growing at London, Ont. Coll., J. Dearness.
Aspidiotus ancylus, Putn. This was sent by Mr. Dearness, on plum
and shell-bark hickory from East Essex Co., Ont.
Aspidiotus hedere, Vall. Received from Mr. Dearness, who found
it on English ivy on a house-plant set out of doors, at London, Ont.
Chionaspis Lintnert, Comst. Found on leather-wood (Dirca
palustris) growing near the shore of Lake Huron, in mixed woods, about
40 miles from London, Ont., May, 1899. Coll., Mr. Dearness. The
food-plamt and locality are new.
‘Chionaspis pinifoliz, Fitch. On exotic pine at Leamington, Ont.,
and on Austrian and Scotch pine at London, Ont. Coll., Mr. Dearness.
Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch. Two lots of this scale were received on
bark of mountain ash from Ridgetown, Ont., and one lot on twigs of
apple from London, Ont. Coll., Mr. Dearness.
NEW SPECIES.
Pulvinaria viburni, n. sp. (Native.) 9.—Scale 4 mm. long, 3%
wide, to 5 long and 4 wide. Colour, red-brown. Ovisac, clear white.
Texture, the same as in /. iunumeradilis. Boiled in caustic potash the
skin becomes colourless. Antenne of 8 joints, measuring as follows
in: Joint 1 (36), 2 (40), 3 (60), 4 (48), 5 (36), 6 (24), 7 (24), 8 (40).
Formula 34(28)(15)(67). Leg: coxa 112; femur, with trochanters,
S54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
180; tibia 136; tarsus 80. Stigmatal spines in threes, one long and
thin, two short and stout. Marginal spines numerous, simple, 24 » long.
Hab.—On Viburnum pubescens in the woods at Aylmer, Prov.
Quebec, about nine miles from Ottawa; on the same twigs were
Liulecanium corylifex, Fitch. Coll., Dr. Fletcher. This species is allied
to P. wnnumerabilis, P. tilie and P. marmorata, and I thought at first it
was the last species, but it seems to be distinct.
Leulecanium Guignardi, vn. sp. (Native.) 9.—Scale coffee-brown, 5
mm. long, 3% broad, 2% high. ‘The smaller, which were more
numerous, 4 mm. long, 2'%4 broad and 2 high. Dorsum quite convex.
Texture of the scale thin, somewhat shiny. Cleared and mounted, well-
boiled examples are colourless, while those not so are of a yellowish-
brown. Skin minutely pitted. Antenne 7-jointed. Measurements in :
Joint 1 (48), 2 (44), 3 (60), 4 (64), 5 (28), 6 (24), 7 (52). Sometimes
joints 3 and 4 are equal; 1 and 2 seem to be variable, often equal, and in
this case they would measure 40 » long, respectively ; joint 7 is very
constant at 52 7 long. Legs ordinary. Margin with two rows of spines,
one short and stout, the other short, thin and sharp, 16 and 8 p,
respectively. Spines of the lateral cleft in threes, nearly of equal lengths,
although in some the centre one would be the longest.
Hab.— On plum trees at Niagara, Ont.; sent to me from the Division
of Entomology of the Canadian Department of Agriculture,and named after
J. A. Guignard, Asst. Entomologist, Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Newly-
hatched larve translucent, with a slight tinge of pale green and with a
distinct dark greenish-gray dorsal longitudinal band. In about six days
the colour changes to a light yellow. Antenne 6-jointed: Joint 1 (20),
2 (02)y.3 (28), 4 (t2),, 5116); 6.(s2), Frovt legs coxa 24) femur
and trochanter 52; tibia 40; tarsus 24 yp long. Anal tubercles long,
each with one long bristle and one short spine. Marginal spines 12 p
long. Anal ring normal, with 6 bristles. The above described species
has considerable resemblance to Eudecantum vini of Europe, but is
described as new, after a careful study of various species and reference to
all the literature at my disposal.
Lecanium pint, n. sp. (Native.) 9.—Scale dark coffee-brown, 5
mm. long, 4 broad, 3 high. Antenne rudimentary, although in some
examples studied some showed a distinct three-jointed antenna, joint 2
longest, 9 a little longer than 1, measuring inj: Joint 1 (20), 2 (48), 3
(28). Length of the antenna 96». The third joint has a few short
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oan
hairs, about seven. Legs apparently wanting. Derm colourless, with
the posterior half showing small round gland-pits. Posterior incision
very long. Anal plates and around the anal area dark yellow. Newly-
hatched larvee dark ochreous, of the ordinary type, indistinctly 6-jointed,
seemingly with only 5 distinct joints: Joint 1 (20), 2 (24), 3 (56), 4
(32), 5 (52). Front leg: coxa 44; femur and trochanter 80 ; tibia 56;
tarsus 48 » long. Anal tubercles with one long bristle and two short
spines. Rostral loop large.
Hab.—On Linus Austriaca, London, Ont. Coll., Mr. John Dear-
ness. Received since from Prof. E. P. Felt, State Entomologist of New
York. Prof. Felt’s scales were taken at Kierner, N. Y., and are seemingly
rare, as he found only a few at this time. Mr. Dearness found his in
quantities. In each case the scales were attached to the crowns of the
leaves. As to the newly-hatched larve of Zecanium and Eudlecanium, I
wish to remark that in all the species yet studied by me, in the legs the
tarsus is always shorter than the tibia. Mr. Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst.,
Vol. XXVIII., 1895, figures the larva of a typical Zecanzum, and says of
the legs that the tibia are shorter than the tarsi. He does not say of
what species, however.
Eulecanium Lymani, vn. sp. @.—Scale red-brown, distinctly
pointed at each end, convex. Texture very thin, 3 and 4 mm. long, 214
broad, 1% high. Antenne 6- and 7-jointed.
Measurements of joints in p:
Joint — 1 Bet ee ey, ARO OM ag
B25 40-50 40m 24° 24° 46
AGe AON E62 sh2n Zan eZO. SAA
22° AO 100. 20° 424) 45
Middle leg: coxa 60 ; femur and trochanter 14o ; tibia 100 ; tarsus
64 ~ long. Marginal spines short, sharp, 20 » long, easily lost in boiling.
Derm yellowish ; no pits observed.
Hab.—On a young oak at Quebec. The tree was to ft. high, grow-
ing by the roadside, adjoining a grove of trees, and quite a distance from
any farm, house or garden. ‘The upper part of the tree was very badly
affected. Collected by Mr. Henry H. Lyman, after whom I have the
pleasure of naming the species. Allied to such species as Hudecanium
Maclurarum, Ckll. It seems to be very distinct and much different from
any other “u/ecanium found to infest oak trees. Just recently the
Dominion Entomologist sent me the same thing on oak. Coll., Miss
Lucy I. May, at North Hatley, Quebec.
ob THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
Liulecanium rosé, n. sp. (Native.) ?.—Scale in many examples
studied practically hemispherical, resembling in shape a small split-pea.
Approximate size 4 mm. long, 314 broad, 3 high. ‘The colour is variable
in the adult stage, light red-brown to a_ yellow-brown, considerably
wrinkled and pitted, with a dull glossy surface. Texture moderately
thick. Cleared and viewed by transmitted light, the skin is brownish,
showing many round gland-pits of two sizes. Antenna 6- and 7-jointed,
measuring in pz:
Joint— 1 a 2 WE GG 3
44 44 56 52 24 20 48
40 44 96 24 24 44
Joint one has.1 long hair; two 1 short; three has 2 long ones near
the constricted end of the joint; four and five each have.a short hair ;
six has 3 short, and seven has three whorls of hairs. Leg : coxa 80 ;
femur 72; trochanter 128; tibia 112; tarsus 60; tarsal digitules 4o pu
long ; claw digitules 24 ~ long. Width of coxa 52 », of the trochanter
4O ph
Hab.—On rosebush at Sherbrooke, Quebec; found by Mrs. Brooks
(Dr. Fletcher in litt.). 4. rose differs very materially from the European
Lecanium (Eulecanium rosarum) by the scale being nearly circular in
outline, and having a 6- and 7-jointed antenna, while “4. rosarum has a
7- and 8-jointed antenna.
(To be continued.)
CoRRIGENDUM.—Page 315, instead of lines 4-6, read: ‘ 2? Kahn-
formig, im Alten uber halbkuglig, uneben, dunkelbraun. Die Eier ohne
wollige Einhtllung. Lange 3 Linien. Am Weinstocke.”
A NEW MEALY-BUG ON GRASS-ROOTS.
BY T. D. A. AND W. P. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M.
Dactylopius roseotinctus, N. sp.
Form and size about as in LY. Cifri; pink, distinctly segmented,
with a slight covering of mealy powder; caudal tassels short but
well-developed ; lateral fringe of tassels very short, irregular, but plainly
visible in fresh specimens. Females full of young show no signs of
producing ovisacs.
Antenne 8-jointed, joints measuring in pz: (1) 45-66, (2) 51-60, (3)
45-48, (4) 39-45, (5) 42-45, (6) 30-36, (7) 30-36, (8) 84-93. Middle
leg: Femur and trochanter 240 p, tibia 210, tarsus {without claw) 78.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Jor
Breadth of femur, 84 ». Labium, length 135, breadth go pp. Caudal
bristles and bristles of anal ring of the same length, 120 p.
Boiled in caustic potash, the females turn bright red.
Hlab.—Romeroville, New Mexico, on roots of grass, Nov. 9, Igo
(W. P. Cockerell).
Closely allied to D. sadinus, Ckll. (from California), but the femora
are stouter, the labium is broader, and the caudal bristles are much
longer. The antennz are curiously like those of the Brazilian /.
secretus, Hempel. D. roseotinctus is also very similar to D. trifolii
(Forbes), which has a lateral fringe, but there are various small
differences, and the colour is not the same.
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO.
The thirty-eighth annual meeting of the Society was held in London
on the 13th and 14th of November. The first morning was taken up
with a business meeting of the Council. In the afternoon a conference on
the San José scale in Ontario took place. Mr. Fisher, the Provincial
Inspector, gave an interesting account of the present condition of the
infested localities and of the work which had been undertaken for the
repression of the insect during the past year. He also described very
fully the remedies employed and the apparatus which had been found
most useful. Dr. Fletcher gave some account of his observations in
several parts of the country and in Ohio, and spoke in the highest terms
of the good work done by Mr. Fisher and the wise measures adopted by
the Department of Agriculture since the first outbreak of the pest. Prof.
Webster (of Ohio) related his experience in dealing with the problem,
which was the same in Ontario as in Ohio, and gave much useful informa-
tion on the subject. The Hon. John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture for
Ontario, in closing the discussion, spoke of the great difficulty he had to
contend with owing to the refusal of tne people in general to believe in
the dangerous character of the scale. This Society, and the Fruit-
growers’ Associaton, should do their utmost to educate the public on this
matter, and so lead them to co-operate in all measures that were adopted.
He felt much encouraged by what he had heard that afternoon, and would
continue to do his utmost for the extermination of the pest.
In the evening a public meeting was held at the Normal School and
was very well attended. ‘The Hon. John Dryden, who presided, spoke in
very high terms of the Society and the good work it had done during a
DOS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
long series of years. He considered it one of the most useful associations
connected with his Department, and expressed the great pleasure it gave
him to be present at its annual meeting.
The Rev. Dr. Fyles read his presidential address on “t The Impor-
tance of Entomological Studies to the Community at Large,” illustrated with
beautiful diagrams that he had himself prepared. Dr. Fletcher gave an
address on * The Value of Nature Study in Education,” and at the close
exhibited a number of lantern pictures which showed the beauty and per-
fection of common objects in nature.
On Thursday, November 14th, the various reports of the directors,
officers, branches and sections were read, and a large number of interest-
ing and valuable papers. ‘These will be published in full in the forth-
coming Annual Report. The election of officers resulted as follows:
President—Rev. T. W. Fyles, D.C.L., F.L.S., South Quebec.
Vice-President—Professor William Lechhead, Ontario Agricultural
College, Guelph.
Secretary—William E, Saunders, London.
Treasurer—]. H. Bowman, London.
Directors: Division No, 1—C. H. Young, Ottawa.
Division No. 2—J. D. Evans, ‘Trenton.
Division No. 3—E. M. Walker, ‘Toronto.
Division No. 4—G. E. Fisher, Freeman.
Division No. 5—J. A. Balkwill, London.
Directors Ex-officio (ex-Presidents of the Society)—Professor Wm.
Saunders, LL.D., F.R.S.C., E.L.S., Director of the Experimental Farms,
Ottawa ; Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, M.A., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., London ; James
Fletcher, LL.D., F.R.S.C., F.L.S., Entomologist and Botanist, Experi-
mental Farms, Ottawa; W. H. Harrington, F.R.S.C., Ottawa; John
Dearness, Normal School, London; Henry H. Lyman, M.A., Montreal.
Director Ex-officio (Ontario Agricultural College)—Professor Wm.
Lochhead, Guelph.
Librarian and Curator—J. Alston Moffat, London.
Auditors—]. A. Balkwill and W. H. Hamilton, London.
Editor of the Canadian Entomologist—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London.
Editing Committee—Dr. J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal;
1: Evans, Trenton; W. H. Harrington, Ottawa; Prof. Lochhead, Guelph.
Delegate to the Royal Soctety—Rev. Dr. Bethune, London.
Delegates to the Western Fair—J. A. Balkwill and W. E. Saunders,
London.
THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339
Committee on Field Days—The Chairmen of the Sections and Dr.
Woolverton, Messrs. Balkwill, Bowman, Law, Moffat, Rennie, and Saun-
ders, London.
Library and Rooms Committee—Messrs. Balkwill, Bethune, Bow-
man, Dearness, Moffat, and Saunders, London.
NOTE, ONSTHE: GENERIC TITLE BURTIA.
BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY.
The generic title Burtia was proposed by me in the first part of the
Notes on the Zygzenidee of Cuba, read February 12, 1866, before the Ent.
Soc. Phil., and published in July of the same year. The genus is,
however, incorrectly dated “1867” by Kirby in his catalogue of 1892,
where &. rubella seems also wrongly given as a synonym of Gundlachia
cruenta, H.-S., the two species being presumably distinct. Now, Moeschler
had previously, in 1890 (Lep. Porto Rico, p. 349), given ‘‘ Horamia
plumosa, H.-S.,” as a synonym of B. rube/la, and ‘‘ G. cruenta” as a
synonym of Cadlicarus pennipes, thus according to my paper priority over
Herrich-Schaeffer’s in the Correspondenz Biatt, although these reversed
references may chiefly show that Moeschler could not make out H.-S.
descriptions, which are usually scanty. Kirby (p. 129) also gives pennipes
the preference over p/umosa, a name I cannot find in Hampson. From
my copy, evidently not the original issue, I cannot find out the exact date
for Gundlachia. Kirby dates HZ. pretellus, H.-S., as “ Aug., 1866,” a
month later than Gund/achia or Purtia, though the former ts, in my copy,
on the previous page of Corr. Blatt. Under the circumstances that my
paper was read in February, 1866, that Moeschler prefers Burtia in 1890,
and that I figure it, I think my name should hold for the Cuban genus
over Gundlachia, even if both appeared in the same month—July, 1866.
Sir G. Hampson copies. Kirby’s wrong date of “1867” for Burtia, and,
evidently misled by this, gives my name as a synonym, while separating
the two species, 42. cruenta and B. rubella, and figuring rude//a on
Plate XIII., Fig. 9, of his exhaustive work on the Syntomids. In the
Philadelphia Check List the name Auzt/a is unnecessarily used for the
Florida Didasys bele, Grote, the two genera being distinct. I am not
able to account for Kirby giving the date of “1867” for the genus
Callicarus, Grote, 1866, a name he also misspells, and which is described
in the same paper with Burtia. Probably the correct date for //oramia
plumosa, H.-S., is August, while that or Cad/icarus pennipes, Grote, is
certainly July, 1866.
S40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
SPECIES OF BRACHYCISTIS (FAM. MYRMOSIDAL) FROM
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, EAST LAS VEGAS, N. M.
Brachycistis gaudii, vn. sp.— &. Length about 6144 mm. ; shining
black, brown on prothorax, at bases of wings, and at extreme (usually
covered) bases of abdominal segments; antennz long, dull reddish-
brown, first joint of flagellum equal to second ; head broader than thorax ;
eves very prominent ; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the area between
them elevated : edge of clypeus, and mandibles, dark ferruginous, the
latter tridentate ; mesothorax shining, hairs and punctures very sparse ;
metathorax minutely transversely lineolate ; tegule light ferruginous ;
wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures pale except the costal, stigma large,
dark brown; three submarginal cells and two recurrent nervures, the
second recurrent sometimes failing below ; marginal cell extremely short,
broader than long, its greatest diameter about half length of stigma ;
first submarginal large, extending along stigma to marginal; second
submarginal minute, triangular, entirely cut off from marginal; third
submarginal minute, long and narrow, its tip reaching marginal ; first
recurrent nervure joining first transverso-cubital, second joining third
submarginal cell near its base; abdomen shining, very sparsely
punctured, with long sparse yellowish hairs ; first segment swollen, about
twice as long as broad, with a deep constriction between it and the
second ; apical curved spine long, ferruginous ; legs black, knees, apices
of tibiz and tarsi light brown.
Hab.—La Jolla, San Diego Co., California, at light, Aug., rgor.
32. Alhed to B. edegantu/us, but different in colour, and the venation
is not quite the same. Also related to B. contiguus, Fox, but the middle
segment is not finely punctured posteriorly, and the venation differs.
Brachycistis carinatus, Fox, 1899.—San Pedro, Cal., July 9; La
Jolla, Cal., August. Three males. The eyes are black, not pale
castaneous as Fox describes ; perhaps hts specimen had been in alcohol.
This insect comes to lights at night, and represents B. g/abre//us on the
coast of Southern California. It was hitherto known from one example,
vaguely said to be from California.
We regret to record the death of Mr. P. C. Truman, of Volga, South
Dakota, which occurred on the 27th of October, the result of an attack of
pneumonia. He began collecting insects about seventeen years ago,
and by diligent work succeeded in forming what is considered to be the
finest collection of Lepidoptera in the North-western States, and also a
good collection of Coleoptera.
Mailed December roth, 1got.
INDEX TO. VOLUME XXXII.
Acenteétus = Akentetus, 271.
Acknowledgments, 11, 44.
Acrididz, changes of generic names,
3/316
Acrididze, notes on Canadian, 20
ee on some Arizona, 102.
Amblychila cylindriformis, 110.
Acheta, the genus, 120.
Acrida, the genus, 120.
Acronycta and types, 232.
2 further about the types, 191.
Ke morula, 99.
Acronycta, on identifications in the
genus, 122, 147, I91.
Acronycta, on types of, 242.
Adranes, blind beetles of genus, 25.
oe czecus, 25
9 Leconteli, 26.
a pacificus, n. sp., 20.
Taylori, n. sp., 27.
Aedes Smithit, n. sp., 260.
Agrotis, notes on Guenée’s species, 177.
Alecanopsis, n. gen., 58.
Aleurodes citri, note on respiration of,
173.
Allotropa Loundsburyt, n. sp., 135.
Alpha = Cordillacris, n. nom., 271.
Alsophila pometaria, notes on _ life-
history, 185 (plate).
Amarynthis muscolor, n. sp., 267. =
Amaura = Ligocatinus, n. nom., 272.
Anacampsis litpinella, n. sp., 14.
oe
Anacampsis lupinella, description of
larva, 15.
-Anconia integra, 104.
Andrena agilis, 152.
algida, 150.
4 aliena, 123.
op anogreé, N. Sp.y 154.
ie auricoma, 155.
a candida, 155.
x Carlini, 150, 153.
clypeata, 124.
a coerulea, 154.
y commoda, 152.
“ cupreotincta, 0. sp., 153:
SE discreta, 152.
iy errans, 153. ”
i fastuosa, 151.
YY fimbriata, 149.
a
flavoclypeata, 152.
Andrena fragilis, 149.
= frigida, 149.
os Hallii, 153.
" hilaris, 151.
=e hirticeps, 149.
ss integra, 124.
es Krigiana, n. sp., 229.
ee miranda, 153.
ae modesta, 152.
ha meoesta, 153.
oe nivalis, 151.
gs nubecula, 150.
eS obscuripennis, 150.
x perplexa, 150.
ss placida, 151.
oe pluvialis, n. sp., 154-
oe simplex, 124.
se simulata, 152.
s sodalis, 152
£s subtilis, 155.
ss vicina, 151, 154.
* victima, 123.
Anthocharis ausonides, 168.
Anthophora cataline, n. sp., 297.
Anthophorinz, bees of the subfamily,
286, 297.
Ants attending caterpillars, 279.
Ants’-nest beetles, 25.
Aphis lactucee, 69.
sc -ulmariz, 36 (note).
Aphonus = Aphonogryllus, n..nom.,272.
_Areopteryx, n. gen., 102.
os penelope, 0. Sp., 103.
Arctia virguncula, life-history, 325.
Arctium lappa, burrowed by Gortyna
larva, 320.
Argynnis, notes on Alberta species, 157.
Ashmead, W. H., articles by, 138, 300.
Asilus fly, effect of attack on Colias
philodice, 330.
Asphondylia gulierresi@, 0. SP+) 23:
Aspidiotus, species found in Canada,
197). 333-
Asterolecanium variolosum, 193.
A surprise, 285, 316.
Athysanus litigiosus, N. Sp., 51.
es sviiphoricarpe, 0. Sp.) 5.
sd varus, 1. Sp., 5-
Augochiora cleomts, n. sp., 135 (fig.).
ce coerulea, 136 (fig. ).
rf Coloradensis, 0. sp. 133.
Augochlora humeralis, 134.
34
neglectula, 1,
in. Ganzada,
\ulacaspis, species found
199.
Beeus Americanus, 331.
minutus, 331:
ae
niger, 331-
= piceus, Sars
Ball, E. D., articles by, 45 45:
Banks, Nathan, articles by,
Barnes, William, article by, 53
Barrett, O. W., article by, 234.
American, of the genus Andrena,
23, 149, 229.
Bees from Southern California, 281, 286,
297.
Bees, some new or
ve
Bees,
little known, 229.
of the genus Augochlora, 133.
Bees of the subfamily Anthophorine,
286, 297.
Beneficial insects, experiments in ex-
portation of, 35.
Beneficial
183.
Bethune, = J. S., articles by, 29, 155;
210, 211, 237, 238, 239, 241, 287, 337-
Bird, Hones , article by, 61.
Blind beetles from the Pacific coast, 2
Book notices, 84, 155, 210, 220, 23
260, 287.
Botys Harveyana = Phlycteenia ferru-
valis, 140.
British Museum collections, 208.
Brunetti, E., article by, 207.
Brachycistis carinatus, 340.
a gaudit, 0. Sp., 340.
Bulla, the genus, 119.
Burdock burrowed by
insects, do. in importation,
Gortyna larva,
gid.
Burtia cruenta, 339.
ie note on generic title, 339.
oe
rubella, 339.
Busck, August, articles by, 14, 52
Butterflies of Alberta, list of, 40, 157-
Butterflies of Sioux County, Nebraska,
305:
Calgary, description of neighborhood,
40.
Callicarus pennipes, 339.
Cannibalism among caterpillars, 131.
Carneades messoria, 99.
oe nordica, 99.
ae pleuritica, 99.
ee
tessellata, 99.
Carterocephalus paleemon, 171.
B42, INDEX TO VOLUME
XXXII.
Cae Merritt, article by, 305.
Casey, Thos. L., article Dy; ore
Catalog der Lepidopteren : Sté audinge G
and Rebel, 260.
Caterpillars attended by ants, 279.
Catocala Aspasia, 13.
” Babayaga, 13.
Belfragiana, ne
chiracahiua, 1. sp. 127+
Clintoni, e re stages, 221.
epione, early stages, 225.
Catocala fratercula, var. Cuan: n.
Var., 128.
Catocala Frenchi, n.
ve
ve
S105 a5.
habilis, early stages, 226.
Catocala Judith (Levettei), early stages,
7?
Catocala, list of red-winged species of
the United States, 12, 205.
Catocala messalina, 179.
ee ter , « =_Q
micronympha, 175.
a minuta, early stages, 222.
neogama, early stages, 299.
i obscura, early stages, 225.
a piatrix, early stages, 299.
hs retecla, early stages, 298.
yl revision of the genus, 12.
Catocala, some recent work in the
genus, 12
Catocala W alehii, tee
Catocalee, notes on early stages,
295.
Caudell, A. N., article by, 102.
Cecidomyiid, new, on Gutierrezia, 23.
Cephus pygmeeus injuring wheat, 212.
Ceratopogon specularis reared from
cow-dung, 43.
Change of name, 28, 324.
Change of preoccupied names, 267.
Chelostomoides, n. ZeN., 231, 263.
Chionaspis, species found in Canada,
221.
200, 315, 333:
Chionobas, notes on
164.
Chionobas varuna, 100, 165.
Chitosa, discussion of the genus, 251.
Chrysomphalus dictyospermi, 199.
Chry sophanus, notes on Albe
species, 165.
Chrysopheon, n. gen., 256.
“ aurifuscus, 0. Sp., 250.
Cicada, bibliography, 80.
Cicadidaz, American genera
species, 74.
Cicadide, bibliography, 76.
oe table of genera, 74.
Cicindela vulgaris, var. Roguwensis, Nn.
var., 220.
Alberta species,
and
INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIII. oto
Cicindelidze of Kansas, 110,
Cleoceris curvifascia, 100.
Coccidze of British North
179; 193, 3145 333-
Coccidz of New Mexico, new species,
209.
Coccidz, table to separate
related to Lecanium, 57
Coccidencyrtus flavus, n. Sp., 139+
Coccinella 9-notata, exportation of, 59.
ie sanguinea, do., 59.
Cockerell, T. D. A., articles by, 23, 57,
1O1;, 12351 149), 200; 227, 281; 286,
297, 336; 340.
Cockerell, W. P., articles by, 227, 33
Codling moth, information wanted, 212.
Coelixingz, new genus in, 256.
Coenonympha inornata, 163.
Coleoptera of Kansas, collecting notes
on, 110.
Colias, notes on Alberta species, 168.
Colias philodice, curious effect of the
attack of an Asilus fly, 330.
Colorado Potato Beetle in England,
269.
Concerning protests and other thingss,
276.
Coptodisca (Aspidisca) splendoriferella,
52.
Coquillett, D. W., article by, 258.
Correspondence, 263, 288, 315.
Cressonia juglandis, 99.
Cryptoleon, n. gen., 330.
Cucullia intermedia, 99.
Culex Curriet, n. sp., 259-
Culicidze, new species of, 258.
Cyenia dubia, 97.
_Cyphoderris.monstrosa, 17, 246.
ET2) 10S.
America,
genera
Dactylopius, African
ing on, 183.
Dactylopius Kingii, var. Neomexicana,
146.
Dactylopius longispinus, 193.
BE roseotinclus, N. SP.,
Dactylopius Neomexicanus,
decisus, 0. Var., 209.
ady-beetle prey-
336.
var. 7in-
Dandelion, Arctian larva feeding on,
329.
Dasylophia melanopa, n. sp., 54.
oe
saturata, nN. Sp., 53-
Deilephila gallii, 99.
De Nicéville, L., articles by, 131, 279.
Dermestes talpinus, too.
Diadasia rinconis, subsp. opunti@, nov.,
280.
Didasys bela, 339.
Dip pea N. EN, 324-
Diptera bred from cow-manure, 42.
~ some new species, 284.
Diseases spread by flies, 84.
Dod, F. H. Wolley, articles by, 40,
1575 sl
Dodge, E. A., articles by, 221, 298.
Dodge, G. M., articles by, 221, 298.
Dyar, Harrison G., articles by, 30, 122,
(Oey caticg
Dynamine albidula, n. sp., 266.
Dyscophus = Dyscophogrvllus, n. nom.,
272.
Edema suavis, n.
Editorial notes,
SP.) 53+
240, 280, 316.
_Encoptolophus sordidus, 20.
Entomological Society of Ontario, an-
nual meeting, 337.
Entomological Society, election of offi-
cérs; 338:
Lepeolus lectoides, n. sp., 231, 263.
Epigrimyia Lllinoensts, n. sp., 286.
Erebia, notes on Alberta species, 164.
Eremobia= 7methis, n. nom., 272.
Eriococcus borealis, 180.
Eriococcus Tinsleyi, var. cryptus, n.
Vanes 210.
Eriogonum fasciculatum, bees attend-
ing, 281.
Eriogonum polifolium, 281.
Eriopeltis festucze, 197, 315.
Errata, 92, 184, 336, 348.
Eucalymnatus, n. gen., 57.
Eudamus pylades, 172.
Euhalisidota Otho, n. sp., 53.
Eulecanium Guignardi, n. sp.,
ss Lymant, 0. Sp.,
VOS@, N. SPp., 336.
Eulecanium, species found in Canada,
314) 315) 333:
Eurybia hart, n. sp., 268.
Lutettix Manitou, n. sp., 49.
ot Mildrede, n. sp., 45.
re munda, n. sp., 48.
oculea, N. Sp. 50.
perelegantis, n. sp., 46.
ce pullata, n. sp., 48.
saucia, 1. Sp., 46.
scitula, Nn. Sp., 47.
Euthyatira pudens, 100.
se superba, n. Sp., 55-
evania Californica, n. sp., 304.
SE Neomexicana, . sp., 304.
unicolor, 304.
Evaniidz, new species, 300.
Exochomus nigromaculatus, 183.
334:
ane
339°
ee
“ec
344 INDEX TO
experimental farms of the Dominion,
reports for 1900, 211.
Exportation of beneficial insects, ex-
periments in, 55.
Fall, H. C., articles by, 259, 324.
Feniseca tarquinius, development of,
225.
Feralia brillians, n. sp., 56.
Fidicina, bibliography, 79.
Fleas, how to get rid of, 172.
Fletcher, James, articles by, 15, 84,
T40, 212.
Flies as transmitters of diseases, $4.
French, G. H., article by, 12.
Genera Insectorum of the world: P.
Wytsman, 240.
Gibson, Arthur, articles by, 140, 325.
Good, A. I., article by, 228.
Gooseberry plant-louse, new, 227.
Gortyna = Hydrezecia, 317.
Gortyna wrata, Hy Spry sto:
ay atlantica, 318.
nebris, 317.
nec opina,
nictitans,
ae oe
318.
31d.
var. Americana,
nitela, 317.
notes on the genus, 317.
rigida, 317.
rutila, 318.
-Grapta, notes on Alberta species, 162.
**Green Dolphin” (Aphis), 36.
Greenhouse leaf-tyer, life-history of, 140.
Grinnell, Fordyce, jr., article by, 192.
318.
Grote, A. R., articles by, 116, 177, 242,
339:
Gryllida, changes of generic names,
BU2.
Gryllus, the Linnzwan genus, 118, 184.
Guenée, some original descriptions by,
ee
Gundlachia cruenta, 339.
Gutierrezia sarothra, gall on, 23.
flalictus truncatits, n. sp., 230, 263.
Halisidota Harrisii, notes on genitalia
of, 30 (fig.). :
Halisidota tesselaris, do., 30
Hanhanm, A. W., article by, 213.
Harpax = Australomantis,n. nom., 271
Harrington, W. Hague, article by,
Harris, Edward D., article by, 226.
Heath, E. Firmstone, articles by, 98,
263.
mighie
VOLUME
XXXII.
Flecalus bracteatus, i. sp., 4.
Hemaris tenuis, 99.
ar thysbe, 99.
Hemichionaspis aspidistrez, 200.
‘Hesperotettix festivus, 105.
BS Floridensis, . sp., 130.
es speciosus, 131.
Hinds, W. E., article by, 185.
Hine, James S., article by, 28.
Hippiscus citrinus, 0. sp., 58.
bhd croceus, N. Sp., O1.
di glaucipes, 1. Sp., 39.
re leprosus, 102.
st validus, N. Sp., 90.
Hippodamia parenthesis, -exportation
of, 59.
Homoeusa, discussion of the genus,
240; 3Y2-
Horamia plumosa, 339.
Howard, L. O., article by, 42.
Howard, L. O.: Contribution to the
study of the Insect Fauna of
Human Excrement, 84.
Human Excrement, a Contribution to
ee Study of the Insect Fauna: L.
Howard, 84.
Hyalomyia Robertsoni, 255.
Hydrzecia inqueesita, life-history, 61.
BL limpida, life-history, 64.
oa nelita, 99.
oe new histories in, 6r.
. See Gortyna, 317.
Hymenoptera from South Africa, new
parasitic, 138.
Hyphantria cunea, 93.
Hyphoraia Lapponica, 97.
Ayptia Floridana, n. sp., 303-
‘| Fuchsi, n. sp. 302:
‘© Johnsoni, n. Sp., 303.
i Trintdadensis, 1. Sp. 303+
oe Weithi, n. sp., 302
Ichthydion = /ehthyotettix, n. nom., 271.
Index, general, to 30 Annual Reports,
28.
Insect bites, an antidote to, 248.
Insect Book, the: L. O. Howard, 238.
Jassidze, new, from the Rocky Moun-
tains and Pacific region, 4, 45.
Johnson, Prof. W. G., resignation of, 60.
Kermes Pettiti, 193.
King, George B, articles by, 106, 144,
179, 193, 314, 333-
Knaus, W., article by, r1o.
INDEX TO
VOLUME XXXIII. 345
Kusnezow, Nicholas, article by, 92
Labelling insects, 207.
Larval descriptions, concerning, 315.
Lasius Americanus, coccidz from nests,
146, 193, 209.
Lasius niger, beetles from nests, 27 28.
Lecanium armeniacum, 107.
a Canadensis, 107, 109.
bs cerasifex, 107.
ue Kansasense, 107.
de pint, n. SPp., 334-
ce ribis, 106.
os species found in Canada, 194.
Lecanium, table to separate genera
related to, 57.
Lecanium Websteri, n. sp., 106. r
Lecanium Webstert,
109.
Lepidoptera, Déscriptions of new }
American, 53.
Lepidoptera, Descriptions of unfigured:
A. G. Weeks, jr., 287.
measurements, 108,
North
Lepidoptera (diurnal) of Sioux Co.,
Nebraska, 305.
Lepidoptera from Bolivia, new diurnal,
205;°2935 322-
Lepidoptera from South America, new
diurnal, 321.
Lepidoptera in
notes on, 98.
Lepidoptera of Alberta, list of, 40, 157.
oe of Manitoba, list of, 213. |
Lepidoptera of N. America, systematic
arrangement of, 116.
Lepidopterists’ Guide for the young
collector: H. Guard Knaggs, 220.
Leucania insueta, 177.
MS unipuncta, 99.
Leucarctia acrzea, 97.
Libythea celtis, protective coloration
and attitude of, g2
Limenitis arthemis, 163.
- Locusta, the genus, 121, 184.
Locusts in France, 240. °
Lucanidze, two new species from Cali-
fornia, 289 (fig.).
Lupinus perennis, larva feeding on, 16.
Lycena amyntula, var. Herrii, n. var., |
192.
Lyczena, notes on Alberta species, 166. |
oy Sonorensis, 192
Lyceenide, larve attended by ants, 279.
Southern Manitoba,
Lyceenidze, mode of suspension of
pupe, 280.
Lyman, Henry H., articles by, 1, 93,
317-
Macgillivray, A. D., article by,
Macro-lepidoptera of Alberta,
40; Foie
74:
list of,
Mallota Illinoensis, n. sp., 284.
Mamestra Farnhami, 9g.
Manitoba moths, list of, 213.
Mantidz, changes of generic names,
27
Mantis, the genus, 119.
Maracanda, characters of genus, 329.
Mastigoproctus giganteus, 235.
Mealy-bug on grass roots, new, 336.
Megilla maculata, exportation of, 59.
Melampsalta, bibliography, 76.
Melanoplus bivittatus,
ee
raph
devastator, 105.
extremus,; 21:
femoratus, 21.
herbaceus, 105.
islandicus, 21.
punctulatus, 21.
Rileyanus, 105.
Yarrowi, 106.
Melissodes cnici, n. sp., 230.
Es dentiventris, 230.
personatella, n. sp.,
trinodis, n. sp., 231.
Melitzea anicia, 161.
Ge Whitneyii, 161.
Micropteryx pomivorella, 52.
Po rcus = Calidomantis,
ft
Moffat, J. Alston, articles by, 11,
172, 288.
Moffat, J. Alston, portrait of, 1.
Montreal Branch, election of officers,
236.
Mordellistena limbalis, 176.
s pustulata, 176.
rearings of, 176.
Morice, F. D., articles by, 123, 149.
te
£ 297-
ee
n. nom.,
44,
we
‘Morse, A. P., articles by, 129, 201, 236.
Mosquitoes, how they live, etc.: L. O.
Howard, 210.
Musca domestica transmitting diseases,
87.
Myrmeleon conspersus, 330.
My rmeleonidz, a new genus of, 329.
Myrmobiota, peensoron of the genus,
249, 312-
Mytilaspis ulmi, 200.
Myzus fragefolii, n. sp., 101.
‘© Neomexicanus, n. Sp., 227.
‘© Pergandii, n. sp., 72 (figs.).
Nannothemis bella,
(fig.).
life-history, 252
INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIII.
Nature Biographies : C. M. Weed,
239.
Nectarophora corydalis, 39.
es destructor, 31 (fig.).
erigeronensis, 39.
lactucze, 69.
pisi, 20 (figs.).
Needham, J. G., article by, 252.
Neolecantum, ne subgen., 58.
Nepticula (Micropteryx) pomivorella,
ve
‘525
Nisomiades icelus, 171.
- persius, 172.
tihoneta, n. Sp., 323.
Norris, A. E., article by, 137.
North-west) (Canada) [Entomological
Society, 316.
Nototaphra, discussion of the genus,
as
251s
Odontoxiphidium, n. gen., 129.
me apertum, n. sp., 129.
Onoclea sensibilis, larva boring, 61.
Orchelimum agile, 201.
Ormerod, Miss E. A., death
(portrait).
Ormerod, Miss E. A., Twenty-fourth
Report on Insects, 155.
Orthezia Americana, 193.
os lastorum, 1. Sp. 209.
Orthoptera, new North American, 129.
Orthoptera, some necessary changes
in names, 271.
Osborn, Herbert, article by, 181.
Osmia, notes on the genus, 257 (fig.).
of,
241
Pammegischia Lovet, i. sp., 301.
i Weedi, n. sp., 301.
viphydri@, i. Sp., 300.
Pamphila argentea, n. sp., 296.
ve
-amphila, notes on Alberta species,
171.
-amphila panoquin, 192.
ee
panoquinoides, 192.
Papilio cochabamba, n. sp., 265.
“* notes on Alberta species, 171.
Paralictus, n. gen., 229, 263.
ig cephalicus, 229.
J platyparius, 229.
ve simplex, nN. Sp., 230.
-arnassius smintheus, 170.
Parrott, BP. J.) article by, 57:
2arthenos nubilis, var. Apache, n. var.,
129.
Pedaliodes primera, 0. sp., 293.
Pentilia misella, exportation of, 59.
Perdita callicerata, 283.
si Clavpolet, n. sp., 281.
Be rhois, n. sp., 282.
s ‘© mut. reducta, 283.
Peridroma saucia, 99.
oe yvpsilon, go.
Personal notes, 176, 235, 283
Phantasis
271.
» 332.
Hesperophasma, nn. nom.,
Phasmidaw, change of generic name,
B73
Phenacoccus Dearnessi, ns sp., 180.
Phlepsius denudatus, n. Spey. Tice
td extremus, N. Sp., 10,
Van Duset, n. sp., 9.
Phlycteenia ferrugalis, life-history of,
as
140.
Phorantha humeralis, n. sp., 286.
us occidentis, 285.
ae priuinosa, n. sp. 235.
oe
purpurascens, 285.
Phyciodes ismeria, aber. nigra, n.
aber., 307.
Phyciodes, notes on Alberta species,
162.
Phyllostoma, n. gen., 290.
oe Jimbriata,n. sp., 290(figs.).
Phyllostoma, name changed to Diphyll-
OStoMa, 324.
Pieris, notes on Alberta species, 167.
Plantain, Arctian larva feeding on, 329.
Plant-lice affecting peas, clover and
lettuce, 31 (figs.), 69 (figs.).
Plant-louse attacking gooseberry, 227.
Plant-louse injuring strawberry plants
in Arizona, 101.
Platarctia parthenos, 97.
Platvcerus Agassizii, 292.
a depressus, 292.
ue latus, n. Sp., 291.
ee
Oregonensis, 292.
Platypedia, bibliography, 76.
Platysenta atriciliata, 100.
Plusia aroides, Tr.
‘* simplex, 99.
Podisma_ glacialis, 21.
variegata, 21.
Poling, Otto C., article by, 125.
Practical Entomology, 84.
Proarna, bibliography, 78.
Prosopis polifoliz, n. sp., 281.
Protests, 263, 276.
Prunasis, bibliography, 77.
Pseudancistrus = Polyvancistroides,
nom., 272.
Pseudolecanium Californicum, 210.
Pseudovates, the generic name, 24.
Psorophora Howardi7, n. sp., 258.
n.
= opposita, N. Sp., 274.
+S signata, n. Sp. 274.
ns table of species, 273.
ve
the Eastern.species, 273.
Pulvinaria Ehrhorni, n. sp., 145.
“ Flunteri, n. sp., 144.
Pulvinaria, species found in Canaca,
197) 314, 333:
Pulvinaria viburni, n. Sp. 333+
Pyrameis atalanta, 163.
ie cardui, 163, 237.
Pyrrhopygopsts Reedit, n. sp., 295-
Pythonides hirta, n. sp., 321.
QUEEN VICTORIA, death of, 29.
Rehn, James A. G., articles by, 24,
TIS, 104, 27 1-
Reply to Dr. Wasmann, 312.
Report of Injurious Insects for 1900 :
Miss E. A. Ormerod, 155.
Rhopalosiphum lactucze, 70 (fig.).
oe violz, 228.
Rhus laurina, bees attending, 2583.
Robertson, Charles, articles by, 229,
284.
Saldidz, new genus and species of,
181.
Saldoida, n. gen., 181.
Ot cornuta, N. Sp., 182.
GC Slossont, n. sp., 181.
Salpis s-signata, 228.
Sanderson, E. Dwight, articles by,
31, 69.
Satyrus alope, 164.
Scaphoideus blandus, 0. sp., 7.
ee fumidus, n. sp., 8.
Schizoneura tessellata, larva feeding
on, 228.
Schaenobates =
Zi.
Scorpion venom, effects of, 234.
Scudder, Samuel H., articles by, 17, 88.
Scudderia cuneata, 0. Sp., 130.
Sesiidze of America, monograph of the:
W. Beutenmuller, 237.
Shistocera Shoshone, 105.
y Jaga, 105.
Siphonophora lactucze, 69 (fig.).
ve pisi, 35 (fig.).
Anabropsis, n. nom.,
Smith, John B., articles by, 146, 232,
260, 276.
Soliusa, discussion of the genus, 249,
30a
Spharagemon Bolli, 20.
INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIII.
Spharagemon collare, 20.
cs Wyomingianum, 20.
Sphegina campanulata, n. sp., 284.
Spilosoma antigone, 93.
Spilosoma congrua, notes on Walker's
types and a few other types in the
British Museum, 93.
Spilosoma mutans, 96.
es prima, 93.
o punctatissima, 96.
ee
Virginica, 93.
Staphylinidz, on some genera
scribed by Thos. L. Casey,
BU.
Stevenson, Charles,
316.
articles by, 248,
Tabanus pruinosus, name changed to
T. Ohitoensts, n. nom., 28.
Taeniocampa peredia, 100.
Telea polyphemus, late emergence of
moth, 288, 316.
Temnostoma trifasctata, n. sp., 285.
Tetrastichus prospalte, n. sp., 139:
Tettigia, bibliography, 83.
Tettigonia, the genus, 120.
Tettigonide, changes of generic
names, 272
Thamnotettix grecula, n. sp., 6.
Thecla calanus, too.
Te MKONCTS ile SPsane22s
“* Harrietta, n. sp., 294.
** “notes on Alberta species, 165.
ee
strigosa, 100.
Theoclytes, the generic name, 24.
Thymelicus garita, 171.
Tibicen, bibliography, 77.
Tineid, anew Canadian, 14. —-
Titus; 595 1G. agticlessby, 133, 256;
257%
Triepeolus, n. gen., 231.
Trimerotropis vinculata, 102.
Tropidinotus = Tropinotus, 272.
Truman, P. C., death of, 340.
Turley, Louis W., article by, 246.
Tympanoterpes, bibliography, 79.
Types and synonymy, 146.
Vanessa antiopa, late emergence of,
137.
Vanessa, notes on Alberta species, 163.
Vates and Theoclytes, the generic
names, 24.
Vejovis crassimanus, 234.
ES Mexicanus, 234.
Veronica Virginica, larva boring, 65.
348 INDEX TO VOLUME XXXIII.
Walker, E. M., article by, 20.
Wasmann, E., article by, 249.
Webster, F. M., articles by, 58, 176,
LO%.
Weeks, A. G., jr., articles by, 265, 293,
321.
Weith, R. J., articles by, 252, 263.
Wickham, H. F., article by, 25.
Winn, Albert F., article by, 330.
Winthemia Lilinoensis, n. sp., 286.
Woodworth, C. W., article by, 173.
Xiphidiini of the Pacific coast, 201.
Niphidium gracillimun, 0. Sp., 230.
ce new, from Florida, 236.
Niphidium occidentale, n. sp., 202.
Niphidium occidentale
Vari 202.
Niphidium occidentale caudalum,
Var., 203.
Niphidium spinosum, 0. sp., 201,
CAMUTUMN,
“ Vicinum, N. SP., 203.
Xiphicera, 272.
Provancheri, parasite
Niphocera
Xiphydria
300.
Xvlina Bethunei, life-history, 1.
Zammara, bibliography, 83.
Zodion palpalis, n. sp., 284.
ERRATA.
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