ANN NS. as - ~= \ \\ WS aN . . wn jaa "WALK M — ef aa — — < jae E- , > aed , oes ee abst tw 4) ~ ) . ; LAL Baw A Jae 2 2) See i“ We y e* ; Sta = Se? 1 ~ AS Nth ww y Te hl Rh RRR 4 y . gvwue ees. ARS ANG } ’ Fe ’ é VE WON Y uh, Ca So : po Reed ANDY Sas 1 Ph Ney \ * : } hh i] AAG J *\ ae YON ¥ Ne ¥ vi an a \ Vervy - ~L A =i oh iw * , v veil” Y ¥ ea Aes vist: ys OOS YY EM jv \y »/ AY DOS II N\ ; / wz v ¥| , IY \ we / Vv SAA AAAS, . / ¥ we 3 » OCUUS: Mastor phylace Edwards.—Originally described from Colorado, and has since been recorded from Arizona and New Mexico. Little seems to be known of it. Mastor bellus Edwards.—Published in Papilio, Vol. 4, p. 57, 1884, from specimens taken by Morrison in Southern Arizona. Dr. Barnes, Ent. News, Vol. XI, p. 331, 1990, writes that “ A number of specimens of this species taken this year in the Huachuca Mountains, are, I believe, the first taken since Morrison got the types many years ago.” Godman and Salvin, however (1893), reported it from Las Vigas and Milpas, in Durango, Mexico. During the past season I found Jde//us one of the most abundant species of butterflies occurring in the Huachuca Mountains, of Cochise County, Arizona. My first specimen was taken on May 25. From May 27 On it appeared more and more commonly until about the middle of July, when it gradually disappeared. It is two-brooded, the second normally appearing towards the last of July. Ze//us does not appear to be restricted by elevation, as I took examples at less than 5,000 and at over 8,000 feet. June 21, at 7,800 feet, I observed a female ovipositing, and secured three eggs. They were laid on the ventral surface of blades 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of grass, singly. Colour, a pale creamish-white, assuming a darker tinting ‘as the young embryo develops; hemispherical, rather low, the base broadly flattened. The egg appeared to. be marked with vertical ridges, but I could not make sure of this with a low-power glass. Just before the emergence of the young larva the egg is opaque, the black head of the larva being plainly visible. One egg hatched July 3, another July 8, and the third July 9. The young larva at once attacks the egg, devouring all but the basal portion. . Young larva.—Length, about 1 mm.; body cylindrical, slender, tapering from the middle quite rapidly posteriorly, and less so anteriorly ; head jet black, large, subglobular, about one-third larger than middle of body ; neck tightly strangulated ; colour of body pale yellowish-white, sparsely covered with rather long concolorous hairs ; legs and prolegs same colour; a greenish tint is assumed as the larva begins to feed. The first moult takes place in from three to five days. After first moult.—Length, about 2.5 mm ; head as before, but now only slightly larger in breadth than body ; body as before, but the colour a rather dark grassy green, the three posterior segments with a somewhat yellowish tinge; legs and prolegs greenish-yellow. The larva forms a nest at the apex of the blade, drawing the edges together by fine white strands, the distance of the tube thus formed varying according to the age of the larva. The larva appears to be able to walk as readily backwards as forwards. Although I found many eggs and larve, I did not succeed in bringing the Jatter past the second instar. Mr. Victor L. Clemence has given me several examples of the second brood of de//us, taken July 18 and 26, in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. These have the fringes of a pale, dirty, creamish colour, answering perfectly to the description of phylace Edwards. It is thus obvious that de//us is the first brood: and phyZace the second, the latter having seven years’ priority. But as representatives of the two broods are so strikingly distinguishable, it is appropriate that the first brood can be termed form de//us and the second AMastor phylace. M. anubis Godman and Salvin, described from Orizaba, Jalapa and Omilteme, in Guerrero, Mexico, is very probably a synonym of phylace, but as I only know it from the very brief original description, I cannot be definitely sure-of this. J/naseas (Tpymelicus) bicolor Mabille, from Mexico and Central America, may be another species that will have to be referred to the synonymy of phyZace. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 NOTES ON DIABROTICA AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS. During the last two summers I have made the following notes on Mr, Baly’s paper. (Baly’s Sec. 1 Trans. Ent. Soc., 1890.) Among the species labelled Zacordairei Kirsch, in the rst Jacoby collec- tion I separate three examples as the true fraterna Baly, described from Guatemala; the form is long, narrow and parallel, and in the ¢ the fourth joint of the antennz is as long as the first three joints ; some of the forms classed by Jacoby as Zacordatrei, especially those collected by Champion, have a black anal segment, which would seem to throw them out of this species. Mr. Baly, p. 7, speaks of the entirely black legs of Lacordairei ; the Central American forms in the Jacoby collection have base of femora pallid. Sanguinicollis Jac., Cist. Ent., II, p. 524, the type of which is in my collection, I place near rugulipennis Baly. On page 25 Mr. Baly, speaking of atomaria Jac, says “the antenne nearly equal to the body in length.” Mr. Jacoby, in his description, P. Z. S., 1889, p. 284, says “the antennz about half the length of the body.” My example from the Jacoby collection has the antennz missing, another specimen from Venez (Caracas?) seems to bea ¢, the antenne are half as long as the body. D. pauperata Baly, p. 27. The typical form has two discoidal black spots, the first about the middle and the other about 1.5 mm. behind. Specimens occur where the two spots are joined, forming a short discoida] stripe, this form also having the humeral vitta whole, thus producing a form resembling atri/ineata Baly and its allies ; other specimens have the discoidal spots entirely absent ; in both these last forms the sutural spot is only a piceous line ; all the 16 examples in my collection come from Bahia, Brazil, which is the typical locality for the species. On page 38 D. fulvofasciata Jac. is given by Baly as a synonym of tumidiconnis Er., the description of the former given by Jac., Py Leg 1889, p. 281, speaking of the ¢ antenne, ‘‘the second and third joints very short ard equal, the f/th to the ninth joints greatly dilated and thickened,” and the habitat Caracas. Baly, on pages 38-39, speaking of tumidiconnis Er., says of the ¢ antenne, ‘the 2nd joint very short, the 3rd nearly one-half longer, the 4th longer than the preceding two united, January, 1911 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the 7th and following two joints in the ¢ thickened,” and the habitat Peru and Bolivia. The differences given in the above descriptions are even more notice- able in the specimens themselves ; the two forms are plainly distinct, and should not be united. I have one ¢ of each form from the type localities. D. tibialis Baly, p. 79. This name being previously used by Jacoby in the Biologia, p. 512, should be changed to confusus. . D. variolosa Jac. (type in my collection) comes near marginata Sturm. : In identifying species of this genus, it should be borne in mind that the antenne of the #’s are usually the longer, and the third joint in the @ is relatively shorter than the same joint in the 2. The foveation of the thorax seems to me, in some instances at least, to be possibly a matter of sex. This, however, is more a suggestion for future research than a definite opinion. The specimens sent me by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas as cotypes of D. angustofasciata Jac. in litt., belong to. Luperodes. D. suffusa Baly is not mentioned in Mr. Baly’s paper. If it has been sunk as a synonym I have-overlooked it. The Jacoby collection had it marked as a distinct species. I place it near rugu/ipennis Baly. D. hahneli, nov. sp. Black, base, and joints nine and ten of antennz, thorax, femora and middle of first three abdominal segments yellow, elytra almost smooth, slightly plicate, with four white spots on each side placed 2-1-1. Length 7 mm. Type collected by Dr. Hahnel, Amazons (Staudinger). Form stout, head black, clypeal ridge not well defined, antennz stout, more than half the length of the body, joint 2 short, 3 barely one-half longer, 4 much longer than the two preceding united, joints 1-3 flavous, tinged with piceous above, 9-10 and base of 11 flavous, thorax flavous, convex, shining, broader than long, a few fine punctures at the sides, lightly trifoveate, scutel dark piceous, elytra shining black, very finely punctate, a round white spot back of the base, near the suture, a smaller one near the margin back of.the shoulder, a small transverse spot back of the middle and a’round spot at the apex,,equidistant from the margin and suture ; the inflexed edge of the elytra, behind the shoulder, is faintly piceous, body beneath black, excepting the thorax, the anterior breast and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ll middle of the first three segments of the abdomen, which are yellow (the black edge of these segments is about 114 mm. wide), legs with tibizw and tarsi black, coxz and femora yellow, with apex of the hind pair piceous. The form is very slightly dilated at the rear. The type specimen has the plication of the elytra slight but well marked. In addition to this speci- men I separate another example marked by Jacoby as Lacordairet, labelled “‘Amaz.,” which seems to be a ¢, and has the joints 2-3 of the antenne equal and the plication very slight; the colouring and form, however, are precisely similar. Should be placed in § A, Baly’s paper ; the coloration of the abdomen easily distinguishes it. D. sancatarina, nov. sp. Head black, antenne dark, with three basal and three upper joints flavous, thorax yellow, smooth, shining, elytra not plicate, black, tinged with greenish, shining, punctured, with the lateral margin, extreme apex excepted, and basal and apical round spots and median transverse spot flavous, below yellow, with pectus, tibiz and tarsi bleck. Length 6% mm. Four examples from St. Catharina, Brazil (Mr. Klages). ¢ antenne three-fourths as long as body, joints 2-3 short, equal, 4 almost twice as long as both combined; shorter in 9, with the joint 3 one-half longer than 2; and 4 not twice as long as both combined, three upper and three lower joints flavous, the tip of the last piceous, thorax one-half broader than long, convex, shining, impunctate on the disk, scutel dark piceous, elytra shining, evenly and strongly punctured, slightly depressed along the suture at base, the epipleure and inflexed margin yellow, the flavous colour vanishing when it reaches a poiit just behind the apical spot, which is round and equidistant from the suture and margin, the basal spot is round, discal and near the suture, the transverse spot is behind the middle and oblique, not attaining either the side or suture ; one of my specimens has the elytra very obsoletely subplicate ; belongs in § A, Baly. Dz. funerea, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt.). Piceous brown, with dark piceous, almost black head, elytra not plicate, each side with two round basal, one transverse submedian and one round apical white spots, antenne with joints g-10 white, femora yellow, tibiz and tarsi colour of head. Length 5-6 mm. Seven examples, all labelled Surinam, and deep orange-colour label. 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Antenne more than half the length of the body, joints 2-3 short, the latter slightly the longer, 4 equal to, or longer than the preceding two united, according to sex, colour light piceous, growing darker and becom- ing black on joints 7-8, eleventh white at base, black at tip, sometimes the tenth is piceous at the upper half; thorax about as broad as long, sides nearly parallel behind, smooth, convex, shining, piceous, a few fine punctures at the sides and obsolete traces of two fover, elytra piceous, shining, slightly dilated at the rear, finely and sparsely punctured, each with four flavous or white spots, the first round sub-basal near the suture, the second round sub-humeral near the margin, the third elongate sub- median, transverse not attaining either suture or margin, the fourth round, apical, equidistant from the suture and margin; all below piceous, with the femora and abdomen flavous. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name of Junerea Jac.; three of my specimens were sent me as cotypes by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas. I have preserved this and some following names to save confusion. Sec. A, Baly. D. fusculus, nov. sp. Head black, antenne piceous, joints 1-3 flavous, then gradually becoming piceous, 9-10 white ; thorax yellow, transverse, disk smooth, convex, shining, faintly bifoveate, scutel black; elytra plicate, black, thickly and evenly punctate, the Jateral margin narrowly (extreme apex excepted), a round apical spot and an oblong submedian lateral spot yellowish-white, also from the middle of the base of each elytron to a point beyond the middle an ill-defined long yellowish-white mark not attaining the suture, body beneath yellow, breast black, legs yellow, tibize and tarsi faintly piceous. Four examples, Peru, green label (Callanga ?). Length 6 mm. Apparently a variable species, the, form above described is a dg, of which I have two examples practically alike, the other two aie ?’s, and have the fiavous colour of the elytra diffused over the whole surface, leaving the suture narrowly dark and a humeral sublateral line of black, extending around the curve of the convexity and showing the two yellow spots above described, indicated by dark rings ; other forms doubtless occur. ‘The sides of the thorax are strongly sinuate and reflexed behind, the elytra are moderately dilated behind, especially in the ¢; the punctua- tion is coarse, thick, and in some places confluent. I place it near THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 decaspila Baly. The elytral pattern is almost exactly duplicated in some of the varieties of zo.guttata Oliv., but the antennal joints at once differentiate it. D. unicincta, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt.). Head black, antennze dark piceous, last three joints flavous, thorax rufous, shining, impunctate, except the sides, broadly depressed and lightly trifoveate, scutel black, elytra black, tinged with cyaneous, obsoletely plicate, strongly dilated posteriorly, shining, punctate, with lateral margin dilated at the apex, a narrow curved fascia behind the middle, and suture narrowly from the fascia to the apex flavous, below black, with abdomen and bases of femora yellow. Length 6-714 mm. Three examples, Marcapata, Peru. Antenne three-fourths as long as the body, joint 3 one-half longer than 2, which is short, 4 longer than the preceding two united, four or five lower joints light piceous, the last three, apex of the eleventh excepted, flavous ; thorax about as long as broad, sides very lightly sinuate, finely punctured at the sides, broadly depressed (one example very lightly) behind ; the side fovew small, but distinct, the third subobsolete, placed just before the scutel, which is dark piceous ; the elytra differ in colour in each of the examples before me, black, black tinged with green, dark steel-blue ; all, however, have the margin, apex and fascia and one the sutural border flavous, as above described ; the form is broadly dilated at the rear, slightly depressed behind the scutel, surface evenly and moder- ately punctured, with a tendency to be semisulcate longitudinally, especially near the apex. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name uwnicincta Jac. Two of my specimens were sent me as co-types by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas ; one of them seems as if it might be a different species (angustofasciata Jac. in litt.?), as the fascia is almost transverse in place of being curved, and the thoracic depression is wanting ; what I take as the type is the other example, having black elytra, a narrow curved fascia and depressed thorax, the longitudinal ridges of the elytra showing at the sides and rear, and the femora very slightly flavous at the base. D. semiviridis, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt.). Head, antenne, legs and breast black, thorax greenish, flavous, con- vex, shining, very lightly foveate and punctate, elytra not plicate, prasinous, with a dash of orange, coarsely, confluently punctate, with a 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. humeral, and a common triangular, elongate sutural, and two or three small spots triangularly placed at the middle of each elytra black. Length 5-54 mm. Six examples, Marcapata, Peru, and also Bolivia (Mapiri ?). Resembles some of the forms of zo-punctata Latr.; antenne about three-fourths the length of the body, wholly black, joints 2-3 short and about equal in ¢, 3 little longer in 9, 4 longer than the preceding two united, noticeably so in ¢, thorax about as long as wide, convex, shining, sparsely, finely punctulate, very sparingly on the disk, two small foves faintly indicated, one on either side of the middle, sides nearly straight ; scutel black ; elytra slightly dilated at the rear, and. depressed back of the scutel, punctuation finer behind ; the elytra show a suffused orange- colour, which seems normally to be a cloudy vitta from the shoulder to the apex ; in some examples it is almost wanting, and in others the orange tint suffuses nearly the whole elytra. The humeral spot is round, the sutural, elongate triangular, about 1 mm. long; there is a small round spot on the disk just before the middle, another between the last and the margin, but a little to the rear, and a third on the disk,-in line with the first but about the beginning of the convexity, in some examples there are indications of a fourth spot between the last and the margin, and in others the third spot is absent ; probably examples occur in which some or all the other elytral spots disappear; body beneath and legs black, except the abdomen and thorax are yellow. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name of semiviridis Jac. Three of my specimens were sent me as cotypes by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas ; the typical form I regard as the one with the three discal spots ; distinguished from zo-punctata Latr. by the coarse punctuation of the elytra, the thorax also seems to have the sides less sinuate. D. piceopunctata, nov. sp. Head, breast and scutel black, antennz flavous, fuscous in middle and at end, thorax yellow, convex, finely punctate, elytra obsoletely plicate, bright yellow-prasinous, shining, with common sutural triangular spot, a humeral, two lateral, and a small, submedian discoidal spot, rufous piceous ; body below yellow, legs yellow, with tarsi and outside of tibiz VA ra ; faint piceous. Length 514 mm. One example, San Augustin, Mapiri (M. Stuart). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 Head with a sharp, round frontal fovea, antenne about half the length of the body ; joint 2 short, chubby ; 3 one-half longer, more cylindrical ; 4 as long as preceding two, 1-3 and base of 4 yellow, then dark piceous to the gth, then flavous to the piceous upper half of the rith, thorax broader than long, sides strongly sinuate, disk very obsoletely trifoveate, elytra scarcely dilated to the rear ; punctures close and even, somewhat dulling the shiny appearance, the sutural spot is broad and abruptly attenuated to the rear, where it is drawn out as a thread-like line on the edge of the suture, gradually fading away about the middle, humeral spot, joining the sutural at the extreme base ; the rst lateral spot is large and round at the median side, and the 3rd lateral spot is ona line with the discal, and. probably at times connected with it. The general effect is bright yellowish-green, with three basal and two lateral and a small hind spot rufous piceous. I place it next atomaria Jac. D. neoatromaculata, nov, sp. Head and breast black, antennz fuscous, thorax rufous, convex, shin- ing, very finely and sparsely punctulate, elytra slightly plicate, dull orange, with a common triangular sutural spot, a broad humeral sublateral stripe extending to the middle and just before its end, extending inward toward the suture, and a curved fascia between the apex and middle, concave behind and not reaching either the margin or suture, all cyaneous blue, beneath and legs yellow, tibiz and tarsi dusky brown. Length 5 mm. One example, Rio Mixiollo, Prov. Huallaga, Peru (G. A. Baer, Aug. 8, 1900). Shape, size and general appearance of atromaculata Baly, but with black tarsi and tibie. “Head with well-marked frontal fove, antennz A length of body, joints 2-3 short, about equal (¢?), 4 longer than both together ; 5, 8 and 11 are darker fuscous ; thorax longer than broad, lightly sinuate behind, the two ordinary fovez are visible only at certain angles as minute de- pressions, punctuation of elytra moderately thick and even at the base and middle, becoming sparse towards the apex, the cyaneous markings have the appearance of being impressed, so that the yellow central parts seem slightly raised ; the tibia and tarsi are about the colour of the darkest part of the antenne. The elytral markings are almost exactly those of atromacudata Baly, the colour of which is given in the description as black, but an example in my collection (ex Baly) has the markings b/we-black, but the dark tibia and tarsi will at once separate the two. | 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D. bioculata, nov. sp. Head, pectus, tibie and tarsi black, antenne dark, lighter at base and apex, thorax yellow, with a few fine punctures, scutel yellow, elytra pale flavous, plicate, each elyiron with two blue-black or cyaneous rings, one basal touching the suture and not the side, the other apical and not attaining either the sutural or margin. Length, 6-6.5 mm. Type from Jalapa, four specimens Vera Cruz; Mex. two examples. Similar in appearance to dannularis Har., but with black tibiz and tarsi. Antennz more than half the length of the body, with joint 2 short, 3 not half longer, 4 equal the two preceding, colour dark fuscous, the first three or four joints pale, also ro-11, excepting the apex of the last ; thorax broader than long, more or less depressed and bifoveate, sides plainly sinuate behind ; scutel yeilow or piceous ; elytra pale yellow, moderately and finely punctured, each with two blue or cyaneous rings which enclose a round yellow spot, femera yellow. This species has here- tofore been confounded with ¢7dfa/is Jac., and ééannularis Har.; from the former it differs by the colour, size and sculpture of the thorax, and from the latter by the black tibiz and tarsi; two of my Jalapa examples were in the first Jacoby collection as d/annu/aris Har., and were collected by Hoege. They were gummed on cards, so the legs were not readily visible. Two others from the same locality among the Tring material and two from Vera Cruz, collected by Townsend. — (To be continued.) OBITUARY. We regret to record the death of Mr. Otto Seifert, who was stricken with cerebial apoplexy on Oct. 18, 1910, while planting flowers in his garden, and died two days later at his home, 230 West 2nd St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. ’ Mr. Seifert was born in Hildesheim, Germany, on Feb. 26, 1848, and studied at the Goettingen University. He came to America in 1871, and for a number of years was engaged in the practice of pharmacy. From his earliest childhood he was a lover of nature, and later an enthusiastic entomologist, devoting all his leisure time to the study of Lepidoptera, the North American Arctiide being his special favourites. He published several articles in various entomological journals, and was for many years a subscriber to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. He was a man whom all men loved and honoured, and his death is a great loss to his family and his many friends. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, iby NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF TWO SPECIES OF CAPSIDE. ; BY C. R. CROSBY, ITHACA, N. Y. The brilliant red nymphs of Aeterocordylus malinus Reut., and Lygidea mendax Reut., are found during May and June abundantly on the leaves and fruit of the apple in many parts of New York State. The eggs of both species are laid during the summer, and are inserted their full length into the bark on the smaller branches, two-year-old wood being preferred. The eggs are very difficult to find, and I have not been able to make as many observations on them as desirable. All the eggs definitely known to belong to 4. madinus were found inserted in slits in the bark at the base of the fruit spurs. As far as I have observed, the normal number of eggs for each cavity is four. Each egg is 1.6 mm. long by .4 mm. wide. [It is rather strongly curved, slightly compressed and dull whitish in colour. The embryo develops in the lower enlarged portion, its head being some distance from the tip of the egg. The woody tissue of the bark, especially the outer portion, adheres so closely to the egg that it is impossible to remove it completely, even when hardened in alcohol. The eggs of Z. mendax are usually inserted in pairs in the lenticels of smooth two-year-old wood. ‘They do not lie parallel to each other, but diverge at a wide angle in order to avoid the solid wood, since they are longer than the thickness of the bark. In size and shape they closely resemble the eggs of 7. madinus. The eggs of both species hatch soon after the opening of the apple buds, and the nymphs feed on the leaves and also attack the fruit as soon as it sets. In the Cornell Insectary I have reared both species to the adult stage exclusively on foliage. _ As the nymphs grow older they become more active, and when disturbed retreat to the twig, where they adroitly dodge to the opposite side like a squirrel. They will frequently drop suddenly, but rarely fall to the ground, usually alighting on another branch. They have a curious way of getting a new hold. The posterior end of the alimentary canal can be extruded, and is covered with a viscid secretion. As soon as they strike an object in falling, this sticky organ adheres to it until the insect can regain its foothold. When confined in a glass bottle young nymphs become attached in this way so firmly to the glass that they cannot escape, and so perish. January, 1911 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Both species pass through five immature stages, and attain wings at the fifth moult. Under natural conditions the time required for the nymphs to reach maturity varies considerably with the weather. In the Cornell Insectary, which is heated by steam, 77. ma/inus required about 35 days, and Z. mendax about 37 days. Under these conditions each stage lasted about one week. A longer time is required in the orchard. The young nymphs of the two species are quite similar. Those of Z. — mendax may be distinguished by their brighter red colour, the absence of dusky markings on the thorax, and by having the body clothed with fine short black hairs. The nymphs of this species retain their bright colour until fullgrown, while those of Z mad/inus become nearly black on the thorax after the third moult. In the nymphs of 4% madinus the beak is dusky, while in the other species it is nearly colourless, with a black tip. DeEscRIPTION oF ‘tHE NympHa. STAGEs. H, malinus. — Stage Z.—Length, 1.2 mm._ General colour a light tomato red. Each segment of the thorax has a large, transverse, medially interrupted dusky area, the one on the metathorax being smaller than the others and obliquely truncate laterally. Head dusky, with two oblique light lines, which on the vertex meet the median line of the thorax. Legs, antennz and beak slightly dusky, the antennz yellowish-red at the joints. As growth takes place the first and second abdominal segments shorten and the constrictions become deeper. Stage /{.—Length, 1.7 mm. Head dusky reddish. Thorax with the median line and the posterior margin of the pro- and mesothorax red, the rest dusky over a red ground colour. Abdomen tomato-red, with irregular lighter markings towards the sides; first segment with a broad transverse dusky spot, the second with a smaller one, the next six Segments each with a very small spot, and the ninth with a large dusky area. Legs and antenne dusky over a red ground colour. Beak dusky. Under parts tomato-red, except a small dark area just above the base of each leg. Stage J//,—Length, 2.2 mm. Head and thorax dull reddish. A small white area below and behind the eye. The wing-pads begin to show on the mesothorax. Abdomen with a median row of dull reddish spots, those on the first; second and ninth segments the largest. General colour of abdomen bright red, variegated with white laterally, the white markings more pronounced anteriorly. Narrow posterior margin of first and second THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 19 segments white. Antenne dull reddish, lighter at the joints. Legs dull reddish, dusky distally. Beak dusky. Stage 7V.—Length, 2.5 mm. Head and thorax as in preceding stage, except the red is darker and the median line is whitish. Narrow posterior margin of prothorax bright red. The wing-pads extend to the third segment. Abdominal marking as in preceding stage, except that the median reddish-brown areas are larger, and all but the anterior margin of the ninth segment is of this colour. Legs, antenne and beak darker than in the last stage. Stage V.—Length, 4.3 mm. Head and thorax dull black over a red ground colour. Median line of thorax whitish. First and second abdominal segments nearly black over reddish, posterior margin of each white; third to eighth segments light red, variegated with lighter markings, and there is a median longitudinal row of large transverse reddish black spots. Ninth and tenth segments reddish-black except the red anterior margin. Legs and antenne nearly black, with a reddish ground colour. Abdomen beneath lighter red, with a submarginal row of small black spots ; ninth ventral segment nearly covered by a large black spot; a smaller one on the eighth. L. mendax. Stage /—Length, 1.5 mm. General colour tomato-red. A distinct whitish ring around eye. Thorax slightly dusky over ared ground colour. Legs dusky, antennz brownish, beak colourless, with the tip black. Whole dorsal surface clothed with short stiff black hairs. Stage (7.—Length, 2.5 mm. Very similar to last stage. Antenne dusky brown, last segment lighter except at base. Tylus dark. Stage 777—Length, 2.5 mm. The wing-pads just begin to show on the mesothorax. Coxe tomato-red, rest of legs and beak translucent, slightly dusky; posterior tibiz brownish. Tylus dark brown. Legs clothed with stiff black hairs. Stage 1V.—Length, 3.25 mm. Very similar to last stage in colour. The wing-pads extend nearly to the posterior margin of the second abdominal segment. Stage V.—Length, 4 mm. Wing-pads extend to fifth abdominal segment. General colour bright tomato-red, tip of wing-pads and line along scutellum dusky. Legs dusky, darker towards the tip. Antenne dusky, neatly black ; last segment brownish at base. ‘Tylus jet black. 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Last two abdominal segments with a broad median dusk mark on the dorsum. Whole body clothed with short, fine, black hairs. Oviposition has not been observed, but probably takes place during June and July, but in the case of Z. mendax it may be deferred till Sep- tember, as Reuter records adult specimens captured during that month. I have reared the nymphs of both species from apple branches sent in from Brockport, Syracuse, Albany, Waterloo, East Palmyra, Lafayette, and Batavia, N. Y. In some apple orchards they are serious pests, deforming with their feeding punctures a large proportion of the fruit of certain varieties. A NEW SPECIES OF PHALANGIDA FROM MISSOURI. BY CYRUS R. CROSBY, ITHACA, N. Y. Nemastoma dasycnemum, n. sp.—Length,.95 mm.; width of abdomen, .59 mm. General colour in alcohol very dark brown, in life nearly black; in one specimen the body is distended, making it appear white, with black markings, but in the other, which was studied alive, this is not the case. Cephalothorax squarely truncate in front, with the lateral angles oblique when viewed from above. Eyes smail, situated on a low tubercle close to the anterior margin, separated by a little less than their diameter, each one surrounded by a series of sharp black spines. Frontal pieces of the cephalo- thorax two in number, transverse, contiguous and gradually enlarged laterally. Two-thirds the distance from the eyes to the posterior margin of the cephalothorax there is a distinct transverse groove, which becomes indistinct at the sides. In the distended specimen the thickened parts of the tegument are separated from each other and contrast sharply with the snow-white connecting membrane. The first five dorsal abdominal segments are united into a single piece, free from the cephalo- thorax, and with the anterior and posterior margins convex. The sixth, seventh and eighth dorsal segments are represented by narrow, transverse sclerites. On the ventral side five segmerfts are distinguishable. The first is large, narrowed in front and separated from the terminal portion by a January, 1911 Fic. 1—Ventral view of mouth- parts THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 distinct suture ; terminal portion rectangular, with the anterior margin slightly convex. Second, third and fourth segments linear, fifth much wider. The anal piece consists of three parts: the superior part (pygidium) semicircular, the two lateral anal valves small and triangular; the anal sternite represented by a small dark spot scarcely hardened. Between the ends of the fifth ventral and eighth dorsal segments there is on each side a small, irregularly-shaped sclerite. The hardened parts are brown, with the surface slightly roughened by minute tubercles ; certain areas are, however, armed with larger tubercles less thickly placed, as follows: The entire cephalothorax, except the area between the eye tubercle and the transverse groove ; a large quadrate area on the anterior part of the Jarge dorsal plate, indistinctly divided into three parts ; two transverse areas behind this ; narrow transverse areas on the sixth, seventh and eighth dorsal segments ; the entire surface of the pygidium, and the posterior part of the first ventral segment. Coxe of nearly equal length, trochanters globular, both are dark brown and armed with short black spines. Base of femur white and unarmed, rest of femur, pateila and tibia brown, and armed with short acute perpen- dicular spines and long slender hairs, which in their basal half are at right angles to the segment, and in their distal half bent forward and somewhat matted together. ‘The other segments pale, thinly clothed with slender oblique spines and very fine appressed hairs. Each tibia armed at the tip above with a short, stout, slightly curved, tooth-like spine. ‘Tarsal claws unarmed. Palpus long and slender, sparsely clothed with short, erect sete ; trochanter armed below with three longer recurved sete ; tarsus slightly clavate and more thickly clothed with sete than the other segments. Chelicerz light gray, the claw armed with a series of fourteen teeth, of which the terminal two are the largest; the opposing figure armed with about ten similar teeth. Preépistome broad, convex and _ strongly chitinized, epistome produced into a sharp vertical ridge. Endites of the palpus white, triangular, with the outer margins slightly convex. Endites of the first pair of legs with a chitinized lateral border, curved and enlarged distally, inner portion white, with the anterior margin convex ; situated between them is a small semicircular sclerite, which seems to represent the sternum. Coxe of the second pair distant from sternum and not provided with endites. (Fig. 1.) 22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In the following table the length of the segments of the legs and the palpus is given in millimeters. Owing to the difficulty of determining the division between the tarsi and the metatarsi because of the presence of several false articulations, I have for’ convenience in the table considered the first segment after the tibia as representing the metatarsus, the remaining segments the tarsus. LeGs. I. II. 16s IV. PALPUS. (es 16 fore) 27 ; i ee em ee 5 26; 5.068 25 .24 i .06 .09 | 225 -24 27 Otay: oaks. wees cA 7, .69 45 .49 Metasy f. sir 259 ay dee le fee PTD ee wiett te eer .66 43. 3< 2 oe at 43 PD aberrshl raeiey ks a a4 12 a 4 REM tae ee 55 A 3 .48 .64 52 ALTO 225 a5? ves .24 Three specimens, Columbia, Mo., November 8 and 20, 1904, July r2, 1905, collected under leaves on a heavily wooded north slope on the bank of Hinkson Creek. I place this species in Vemastoma for the present, although it differs from it in the separation of the dorsal plate of the cephalothorax from the tergites of the abdomen, the presence of a transverse groove on the cephalothorax back of the eye tubercle, the exposure of the stink glands, the suppression of the anal sternite, and the dentition of the digits of the cheliceree. RANDOM NOTES ON ENTOMOLOGICAL FIELD WORK.* BY E. S. TUCKER, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agric. Opportunfties often occur in entomological field work for the obser- vation of interesting features of insect life apart from the main subject of © investigation. Such features in many cases are presented in connection with the regular observations, but independently as time permits, casual *Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. January, 1911 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 attention at least can frequently be given to occurrences none the less worthy of record. My practice of keeping on the lookout for all kinds of insects or their work has led to some important economic discoveries, but my present paper is prepared with the object of bringing together some miscellaneous results for reference. In several instances my specimens were submitted through Dr. L. O. Howard to experts in the Bureau, and his prompt attention and courtesy in furnishing reports of their determinations have greatly aided me. Each authority is given credit for such helpful assistance. INSECTS TAKEN IN DRY COTTON BOLLS. While making search for hibernated cotton-boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boh., other insects and a few myriapods have been taken under the same conditions, but not all of the specimens thus obtained have been specifically determined. However, the results of my collecting in two lower Red River localities of Louisiana may throw light upon the winter habits of certain species, as follows. Old cotton bolls collected at Alexandria, La., February 26 and 27, 1909, harbored the forms here listed in addition to the boll weevil. COLEOPTERA. Apocellus gracilicornis Casey.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in fallen boll. Apocellus sphericollis Say.—Common,. Adult in fallen boll. Atenius abditus Hald.—(Det. E. A. Schwarz.) Adult in fallen boll. Myochrous denticollis Say.—(See Additional Records.) Adult in fallen boll. Anthicus confinus Lec.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in fallen boll. Eudiagogus rosenscheldi Fah.—Adult in abandoned cell of boll weevil in fallen boll. Baris area Boh.—Adult in fallen boll. Aracerus fasciculatus De G.—Actively breeding in both hanging and fallen bolls, all stages from larve to adults; pupe in one fallen boll attacked by mites, TZyroglyphus breviceps Banks. (See Additional Records.) MYRIAPODA. A few myriapods were found in rotten bolls on the ground. ‘Their partial identifications by Mr. Nathan Banks areas follows: ‘The myriapods belong to three different genera, one near Lolydesmus, one near /u/us, 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and one near Lithobius. The Polydesmus and Julus are vegetarians, the Lithobius is carnivorous.” - Similar bolls collected at Mansura, La., March 1 and 2, 1909, directly after my visit at Alexandria, were found to harbour quite different species, and the list affords an interesting comparison. : COLEOPTERA. Bradycellus rupestris Say.—Adult in fallen boll. Melanophthalmus simplex Vec.—(Det. H.,S. Barber.) Adults in hanging bolls. Acylomus ergoti (Walsh) Casey.—Adults in hanging bolls. Megilla maculata De G.—Adults in hanging bolls. Cathartus cassie Reiche [ gemed/atus Duv.].—Adults in hanging bolls. (See Additional Records.) ; Cerotoma trifurcata Forst.—Adult in fallen boll. vo Cassida bivittata Say.—Adult in hanging boll.. Anthicus fulvipes Laf.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in hanging boll. One emerging March 24, in isolation, Tyloderma dentipes Pierce MS.—Adult in hanging boll. Arecerus fasciculatus De G.—Breeding in both hanging and fallen bolls, as at Alexandria.—(See additional Records.) OTHER ORDERS. Dicymolomia julianalis Wk.—(Det. H. G. Dyar.) A larva in hanging boll damaged by Aracerus fascicudatus matured after isolation in a breeding jar. So far as known to me, the only published record of the occurrence of this lepidopterous species in cotton bolls is the statement of Dr. Dyarin Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v. XI, 1909, p. 66, though in habits it is-con- sidered as a scavenger. Batrachetra Rileyi Wishm.—Larve of this moth were frequently found in fallen bolls associated with and without Arecerus fasciculatus or its work. The larva is supposed to feed on insect remains. (See Additional Records.) Cremastogaster lineolata Say, subsp. /eviuscu/a Mayr, var. clara Mayr.—A solitary female of this ant in hanging boll, and five incipient colonies, composed of female, workers and young larve, in similar bolls. Doru luteipennis Serv.—(Det. A. N,.Caudell.) Adults of this earwig in both hanging and fallen bolls. Schenomyza chrysostoma Lw.—(Det. D. Coquillett.) Adult fly from hanging bell emerged in breeding jar, March 19. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 INSECTS TAKEN IN DRY CORNSTALKS. Examinations of cornstalks in the same localities and on the same dates as mentioned for cotton bolls failed to disclose a single cotton-boll weevil, although the finding of this insect in stalk cavities probably formed by Arecerus fasciculatus had been previously reported by the overseer of a plantation near Alexandria. ‘The latter species was found to have bred extensively in the stalks, a large proportion of which, in consequence, presented a riddled condition on account of emergence holes opening from the larval excavations in the pith. These cavities afforded attractive retreats for other species, mainly in hibernation, and including common weevils that are apt to be mistaken for boll weevils. The species ‘thus found at Alexandria, La., are herewith recorded. COLEOPTERA. Languria mozardi Lat.—Adults mostly in cavities of Arecerus Sasciculatus. Silvanus bidentatus Fabr.—Adults all in Avecerus cavities. (See Additional Records.) Paromatlus conjunctus Say.—Adults in broken stalks on ground. Carpophilus hemipterus L..—Adult in Arecerus cavity. Moncrepidius bellus Say.—Adults in broken stalks on ground. Atenius abditus Hald.—(Det. E. A. Schwarz.) Adult in broken stalk on ground. Atenius cognatus Lec.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in broken stalk on ground. Myochrous denticollis Say—Adults rather common in Arecerus cavities. (See Additional Records.) ~ Chetocnema denticulata \\l.—Adult in Arecerus cavity. Tanymecus confertus Gyll.—Adult in Arecerus cavity. Eudigogus rosenscheldi Fah.—Adults in broken stalks on ground. Chalcodermus eneus Boh.—In one field wholly in Ar@cerus cavities ; cowpeas had been grown in this cornfield. In another field, found in broken stalks not attacked by Avecerus fasciculatus. Common, and apt to be mistaken for the boll weevil. Calandra oryze 1.—Adults commonly found in stalks not attacked, as well as in Ara@cerus cavities. Apt to be mistaken for the boll weevil. (See Additional Records.) 26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Stephanoderes, near hispidulus Lec.—(Det. A. D. Hopkins.) Two adults in dry stalks on ground, the stalks being perforated by fine pin: -hole esapnels made by the beetles. (See Additional Records.) OTHER ORDERS. Cremastogaster lineolata Say, subsp. leviuscula Mayr, ° var. clara Mayr. These ants occurred in Ave@cerus cavities. Celioxys rufitarsis Sm.—Two leaf-rolled pupal cells of a Megachile bee were found in pith of dry stalk on ground; a male Celioxys rufitarsis emerged from one cell March 30, and dissection of the other cell disclosed a nearly matured male of same parasitic bee in its own pupal case within the Afegachile pupal case. Geocorus punctipes Say.—(Det. O. Heidemann.) Adult bug in stalk attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus. Cardiastethus assimilis? Reut.—(Det. O. Heidemann.) Adult bug in stalk attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus. ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF INSECTS FROM COTTON AND CORN. A number of species already mentioned noe been taken at other times either hibernating in or attacking the same host-plants, and the following additional records are given, including mention of further species in relative connection. Silvanus bidentatus Fabr.—Found in dry standing cornstalks at Alexandria, La., during my first examination for Are@cerus fasciculatus, September 18, 1908. Cathartus cassie Reiche {gemed/atus Duv.|—Collected on matured cornstalks and a damaged ear at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908, and besides was reared from stalks attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus in same field, emerging October 29. At Sherman, ‘Tex., on November 25 of the same year, the species occurred in dried cotton boll. Mr. J. D. Mitchell found it in old cornstalks attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus, at Victoria, Tex., March 6, 1909. Typhea stercorea L. | fumata L.|.—Reared from corn ear collected in field at Shreveport, La., September 24, 1908, emerging October 3. Carpophilus dimidiatus Fabr.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Collected on corn ear in field at Alexandria, La., August 2, 1909. _ Conotelus stenoides Murr.—Taken in dried cotton boll at Sherman, Tex , November 25, 1908. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 Ligyrus rugiceps Lec.—At Gurdon, Ark., on June 25 of the present year, field corn was found to have suffered greatly from attacks of this beetle, specimens of which were dug from the ground close to the corn roots. ‘The injuries were primarily caused by ragged wounds gnawed in base of stalks, usually just above the roots, but also beneath them at the extreme base.’ Two plantings reported ruined in this manner, and the third was being worked on. Only casual examination made owing to limited time, but enough seen and learned to prove extensive damage. Myochrous dentibollis Say.—Common on cotton squares and green cornstalks at Shreveport, La., September 24-25, 1908; and on green corn at Alexandria, La., August 2, rg09. At Plano, Tex., on April 3, 1909, a field of corn with sprouts about four inches high was found badly damaged by the beetles, the tender leaves being eaten through in irregular holes and the stems gnawed. Some plants had stems broken at point weakened by attack. The beetles were found hiding in the earth around base of stems. Three counts of a number of plants gave the following percentage of injured ones : in middle of field, 5074; between middle and edge, 25% ; near edge, 12%; average damage, 29%. Slight injuries were observed in a near field of same farm, but on another farm no attacks were noticed, though in this case the plants had barely appeared above ground. At the same place on May 5, the fields having been replanted owing to complete loss of first planting on account of frost, similar damage was noticed to a slight extent, but the beetles had become scarce. Tribolium ferrugineum Fabr.—Matured May 5, 1909, from dry corn- stalks attacked by Aracerus fasciculatus, collected at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908; also taken from similar stalks at Victoria, Tex., March 6, 1909, by Mr. J. D. Mitchell. Calandra oryze L.—Adult found inside a leaf sheath on matured cornstalk, September 18, 1908, at Alexandria, J.a. Arecerus fasciculatus De G.—For report of discovery in cornstalks, and other particulars, see ‘‘New breeding records of the coffee-bean weevil” (U.S. Dept. Agric., Bu. Ent., Bul. 64, pt. VII), and further records, ‘‘ Additional notes upon the breeding of the coffee bean weevil ” (Jour. Econ. Ent., v. 2, No. 6, 1909, pp. 373-381). Hypothenemus sp, and Stephanoderes, near hispidulus Lec.—(Det. A. D. Hopkins). Specimens of minute beetles and pieces of dry cornstalks were received from Mr. J. D. Mitchell, at Victoria, Tex., under date of 28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. March 6, 1909. The stalks showed openings of minute tunnels, greatly resembling pin holes. These holes appeared on one stalk otherwise perforated by Arecerus fasciculatus, Dr. Hopkins reported that the specimens taken from the stalks constituted two apparently undescribed species as designated. His remark will also apply to the Svtephanoderes specimens collected by me at Alexandria, La., as previously mentioned. Similar work by these insects was later found by me in an upper joint of a green cornstalk, which, however, was beginning to mature, being found at Alexandria, La., August 2, 1909. ; Batratchetra Rileyi Wishm. — (Det. A. Busck.) In cornstalks infested by Arecerus fasciculatus, or where it had worked and left, and decay had begun, numbers of the pink larvee of. this moth were living. They occurred particularly in rotting, rain-soaked stalks. Collected at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908; adults matured in breeding cage on October 22 and 29. Larve also found frequently associated with or following the work of Ar@cerus fasciculatus in-green cornstalks, and some- times in ear tips injured by corn-worm, Heliothis obsoleta Fabr., at same place, August 2, rg09. Mr. J. D. Mitchell submitted pupal cases taken from Arecerus cavities in cornstalks at Victoria, Tex., March 7, 1909. Monorium carbonarium F. Sm.—(Det. R. A. Cushman.) These ants were found by Mr. J. D. Mitchell in the cells of Arecerus fasciculatus in old cornstalks at Victoria, Tex., March 7, 1909. Pterodela pedicularis ..—(Det. N. Banks). This Psocid bred in dry comstalks attacked by Araecerus fasciculatus, collected at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1g08. Adults were taken in breeding cage October 29, and April 14 following. Chetopsis enea Wd.—(Det. D. W. Coquillett.) Adult flies emerged August ro and 23, from green cornstalks cullected August 2, 190g, at Alexandria, La. ‘The larve appeared to be associated with or following the work of Arecerus fasciculatus in lower joints, occurring generally in spots at node or base of leaves. Oscinis carbonaria Lw.—Adult flies emerged August ro from green staiks as in preceding case, though apparently independent of Aracerus Jasciculutus attacks, a Oscinis trigamma Lw.—Det. D. W. Coquillett.) Two adult flies emerged from old cotton boll, Dallas, Tex., March, 1909. Gryllus Pennsylvanicus Burm.—A body. of this cricket was found impaled evidently by a loggerhead shrike, otherwise called the southern THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 butcherbird, on an open prong of an empty hanging cotton boll in field of old stalks, at Wolfe City, Tex., January 20, 1909. This record affords interest from the fact that cotton bolls may be utilized in such manner in place of thorns or wire-fence barbs. The cricket had been pierced side ways in the thorax by the point of the boll, Geocoris bullatus Say.—See ‘Propensity of Plant-bugs for Biting Persons.” — Atomoscelis sericatus Reut,—See “Propensity of Plant-bugs for Biting Persons.” ARACHNIDS FROM SPANISH MOSS. In further connection with the hibernation of boll weevils, a quantity of Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides ., was examined at Natchez, Miss., during the middle of May, 1909. ‘The few insects found besides the boll weevil have not yet been studied, but the arachnids have been identified by Mr. Nathan Banks, as follows : Liobunum vittatum Say. Zelotes sp. (immature). Anyphena fallens Hz. Theridium spirale Emer. Grammonota maculata Bks. Philodromus pernix, Bik. Dendryphantes octavus Htz. PROPENSITY OF PLANT-BUGS FOR BITING PERSONS. Several times during August, rgog, at Dallas, Tex., I was annoyed by being bitten on my hands by little green leafhoppers, which bounded away as soon as I gave a jerk on feeling the bite. These insects entered my room at night through the screens of open windows, being attracted by electric lights above my desk. Early in September specimens were captured in the act of biting me, and their identification by Mr. O. Hetde- mann was reported as Empoasca mali Le B. The same species was again detected in biting me during July, r9to, and subsequently another occasion was presented for observing its attack from start to finish. This ' last occurrence happened on the night of October 2. From the time my attention was first attracted by feeling the bite until the insect desisted, a trifle over four minutes elapsed according to my watch. ‘The insect was then captured, and after being crushed on a white sheet of paper, a faint bloody streak was produced, which proved beyond any: doubt that the specimen had actuaily engorged itself with blood. 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. On the night of October 5 a cool northerly wind brought a sudden decline of temperature, and myriads of small bugs invaded dwellings and late business rooms wherever lights attracted the insects and nothing barred their way besides the ineffectual screens. In swarming around the lights, they caused a distractive annoyance to persons within range of theirmove- ments, more than on any preceding night. My. daughter complained that the insects bit her, and her. neck showed three small lesions, each- of which was the nucleus of a stinging irritation. The insects were accused of being the culprits, because she had brushed them away. A quantity of the insects which fell from the light globes and died were collected and examined next morning. Nearly all were leafhoppers, of the family Jasside. A few heteropterous plant-bugs were among them. The pre- vailing species of leafhopper was “Athysanus exitiosus Uhl., which outnumbered De/tocephalus itnimicussSay, at the rate of too to 6. Empoasca was much more abundant than De/tocephalus. Only a single specimen of another Jassid appeared in the examination. No record of such abnormal habit concerning these insects or other related species is known to me, but two of my associates have declared that they as well as some members of their families have been bitten by leafhoppers of common size, at various times and places, even during the recent abundance of these insects at lights in Dallas.. Another bug, to which my attention was drawn on account of its stinging bite on the back of my hand, was recognized as TZriphleps insidiosus Say. This attacked me while doing field work on May to, Igto, at Dallas, Tex. Still another species, which proved to be Geocorus budlatus Say, has been brought to notice by an associate, Mr. Harry Pinkus, who was examining cotton plants with me ina field at Plano, Tex.; July 12, also in rg1o, when he captured the bug in the act of biting his hand. An additional species, which agreed with identified specimens of Atomoscelis serieatus Reut., belonging in the family AZiride | Capsidel, was taken in the act of biting the back of my hand while I was engaged in writing at my desk at night under electric lights, September 8, 1910, at Dallas, Tex. Its persistency in biting until I could obtain a cyanide bottle and capture it is strong evidence that it attempted to feed on blood, and perhaps succeeded ; in fact, it seemed loth to relinquish its attack even after being enclosed by the mouth of the botile. The bite THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 31 produced a sharp stinging sensation, much like a mosquito puncture, and left a faint pale spot on the skin. Its rostrum was distinctly perceived to be directed into my skin. The species has otherwise been collected by me at the following places in Texas: Goliad, June 16, 1908; Pearsall, July 12, 1908, taken on Croton weed ; and at Dallas, August rr, 1908, on cotton. The biting of these insects, as mentioned, may possibly be induced by mere force of habit, since they live on many kinds of plants, but in view of the supposition that they attack an animal by mistake, I had doubted up to the time of my last experiences that they would actually feed on blood. Really, I had not suffered myself to endure the stinging sensa- tion of a bite long enough for an insect to effect more than a puncture, until my last experience took place. MORTALITY OF AN ANTHOMYID FLY DUE TO FUNGUS. The occurrence of dead flys hanging on the wire screening of the insectary at Dallas, Tex., attracted my attention on March 29, 1910. On examination, fungus spores were observed in clusters on the bristles of the abdomen and on the legs of the flies, which proved to be the species Phorbia fusciceps Zett., whose larvez are widely injurious to roots of vege- tables. Maggots, which afterwards matured as this species of fly, have been taken while depredating on bean roots in a truck patch at Dallas, Tex., April 10, t909. The disease, however, seemed to act upon the flies during night, since the dead bodies were noticed in new places for several mornings, being found attached to the leaves of an ash tree on April r2, by Mr. H. Pinkus. Specimens were submitted to Vera K. Charles, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., who gave the following report : “ The fungus is a species of Hmpusa, probably Empusa musce, Cohn. This host is not represented in our collections, nor has the fungus been reported upon it.” DANGER OF POLLUTION BY HONEYBEE. At an open public privy in Hackett, Ark., on September 13, 1910, chickens and insects were observed to have free access from the.rearc to the excrement on the ground. Although lime had been used to disin- fect the place, the recent deposits on top nevertheless attracted numerous flies, and among them a worker honeybee was seen investigating the polluted matter, It alighted on and examined one vile spot after another. 32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, What significance the conduct of this bee might have in the pollution of honey in its hive can only be imagined. I learned that some hived bees were kept near town. THE SHRUB, CEANOTHUS OVATUS, DESF., AS A HOST- PLANT. ; On April 7, 1909, my attention was drawn to this shrub growing near Dallas, Tex., on account of the occurrence of scale insects om the main stem. The specimens were identified by Mr. J. 4G. Sanders as Lecanio- diaspis celtidis Ckil., which has been found extensively infesting hackberry trees in the city. Mr. Sanders remarked that the shrub “seems to be a new food-plant for this species.” From elongate gall formations on the branches, the moth determined by Mr. A. Busck as Stagmotophora ceanothiella Cosens, emerged on the 7th, 12th, r4th and roth of the month. On the flowers the moth, Scythris albt/ineata Wishm. (det. A. Busck), was taken ; also the flies, Geron senilis Fabr., and Phorbia fusciceps Zett. (both det. D. W. Coquillett) ; and two male sawflies identified by Mr. S. A. Rohwer as his species Hy/otoma grandis. In addition, two species of Chrysomelid beetles were collected, their determinations being made by Mr. Frederick Knab as Cryptocephalus notatus Fabr., and Diachus auratus Fabr. OCCURRENCE OF A LEAF ROLLER ON VJBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM Il... On same date and near the same place of collection as for the directly preceding records, the rolled leaves of the stag-bush or sloe, also improperly called the black haw, were found to occur extensively. These distortions were due to the work of caterpillars, one of which was enclosed or had pupated in every curled leaf. ‘he moth, Anacampsts rhoifructella Clem. (det. A. Busck), matured from cellected rolls, on May 8 and ro. In closing these notes for the present, mention might be made concerning the unfavourable seasons of 1909 and 1gro for the collection of insects in Texas. On account of the unusual hot and dry weather which prevailed, there ha8 been a marked restriction in the occurrence of many insects, resulting particularly in‘’a deficiency of observations upon breeding habits. From the records and special notes herewith presented, I trust, however, that some advance in information is gained. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333 SOME BEES FROM WESTERN CANADA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. I am indebted to Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt for the loan of a small collection of bees obtained by Mr. T. N. Willing, of Regina, Saskatche- wan. ‘Although the number of species is not large, several are new to the Canadian fauna, or otherwise of interest. It is in this region that the arid transition zone enters Canada, and consequently, any one who will collect diligently there is sure to find a considerable number of species not otherwise known as Canadian. I have omitted from the list three species of Andrena, two from Regina and one from Mortlach. I do not recognize these at once, and it may be that some or all are new, but it does not seem worth while to spend time on them until Mr. Viereck’s paper on the genus has been published. Colletes salicicola geranii Ckll.—1 ¢, Pincher, Alta., July 10, 1904. Hlalictus lerouxii ruborum Ck\l.— 2, Mortlach, Sask., May 31. Hlalictus trizonatus Cress.— 2, Mortlach, May 31. Agapostemon texanus Cress.— ? , Mortlach, May 31, 1909. Andrena cockerelli Gren.— ? , Lipton, Sask., June 5, 1907. Halictoides maurus Cress!'— ?, Kinistino, Sask., July 26, 1907. Coelioxys ribis Ck\l.— g, Prince Albert, Sask., July 27, 1907. Like the male of C. ribés kincatdi, but hair a purer white, and scutellum subangulate in middle, with the lateral teeth short as in v7bis 2. Osmia novomexicana Ckll.—Medicine Hat, Alta., one 9, May 30, 1904. Anthidium tenuiflore Ck\l.— ¢ , Radisson, July 29, 1907; ¢, Suks- town, July 18, 1909. Megachile: calogaster Ckl\l—@, Meota, Sask., July 8, 1906; 9, Swarthmore, July 15, 1910; ¢, Macleod, July 2, 1904. Megachile manifesta Cress.— 3, Davidson, Aug. 21, 1907. Megachile (Sayaphis ) pugnata Say.— g , Radisson, July 29. Megachile ( Anthemots) infragilis Cress.— § , Regina, July 11, 1909. A form with the light hair yellowish-white. Anterior coxze with no spines. Megachile relativa Cress.—Four ?’s, three from Regina, Aug. 24, Sept. 4 and 7, one from Davidson, Aug. 21. Peculiar for having the hair on last dorsal abdominal segment partly or mainly black instead of orange. Megachile latimanus Say.— 2 , Regina, Aug. 15. Melissodes confusa Cress.—Males from Meota, Sask., July 8; Macleod, July 8; Radisson, July 29; Prince Albert, July 28. January, 1911 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Tetralonia medicata, n. sp.— ¢ , Medicine Hat, Alberta, May 30, 1904. Length, about 1414 mm.; like Z: atriventris Sm., but pygidial plate narrower (as in fuscipes Rob., from, Washington, D. C.); hair of head (except occiput), of pleura and under part of thorax, a// black, of thorax above creamy white ; hair of legs black, or nearly, except on inner side of anterior and middle tibiz and anterior tarsi, where it is reddish, on middle tarsi, where it is red, brilliant on inner side, and the scope of. hind legs, which is golden red; clypeus coarsely, irregularly punctured, with a median ridge; eee dull, finely granular; mandibles with an orange patch ; wings not so brown as in atriventrts or fuscipes; abdomen without bands. When working on this species, I had occasion to examine a cotype of Cresson’s Melissodes dubitata. The specimen, which agrees excellently with the description, shows that duditata is not Zetralonta atriventris, as has been supposed, but is a valid species of true Afe/issodes. It is readily distinguished from 7. afriventris by the clypeal structure and sculpture (punetures very dense) and the shining mesothorax. es Anthophora bomboides Willing?, n. subsp.— 3, Prince Albert, Sask., June #8, 1905. Rather small; pale hair wholly dull. white ; middle of thorax with a small amount of black hair ; first #20 abdominal segments with pale hair (first Aree in true bomboides) ; sides of second segment posteriorly with black ; third and following with black hair; scape with a small light spot ; clypeus yellow, except a crescent-shaped black mark on each side, the convexity inward, and the lower inferior corners broadly ; lateral marks reduced to narrow stripes contiguous with the black part of clypeus ; labrum yellow, except lateral and apical margins, and the usual ~ lateral spots. Proportions of antennal joints, venation, toothed hind basitarsi, etc., normal. A DECISION ON MEIGEN’S 1800 PAPER. BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. In the CanapiaAn Entromotocist of October, 1908 (pp. 370-373), I published a discussion of this paper of Meigen’s, to which I added a brief item the next month (p. 432). Some time afterward, learning that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature was accepting certain nomenclatural questions for consideration, expecting to render opinions on them, I sent to Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles, secretary of the Commission, copies of what I had published on the Meigen paper, and asked him to have the question taken up by the Commission. I did not precisely specify the question to be considered, but simply gave him my ~ January, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35 discussion, my idea being to ascertain whether the 1800 names would be considered valid. The opinion of the Commission was delivered to me last May, and has lately been published among others in circular form by the Smith- sonian Institution (Smithsonian Publication, No.1989, p. 68, October, 19 10). The question is taken up in the following form: ** The question primarily before the Commission is whether Meigen’s ‘ Nouvelle Classification’ has been published or not.” Omitting the discussion, the conclusion is given in the following paragraph: “In the face of this evidence submitted by Doctor Stejneger, it cannot be doubted that Meigen’s paper has been published in the sense of the International Code, and the Secretary concurs with Doctor Stejneger in submitting to the Commission the motion that the Commis- ‘ sion is of the opinion that the generic names in Meigen’s Nouvelle Classification, 1800, must take precedence over those in his Versuch, 1803, in every case where the former are found valid under the International Code.” This motion was agreed to by eleven commissioners, four not voting; none voting in the negative. After receiving this decision, on May 31, 1gto, I wrote Mr. Stiles a letter, in which I said : “TI do not find that you have touched the point at issue. In my published articles on the matter, which I sent you, I did not dispute that the paper was published in 1800. The question is whether the 1800 names were accompanied with enough data to make them valid. Andon this I still await a decision.” Mr. Stiles’s reply concludes with the following niennne **You summarize your point of view in the following sentence : ‘ The question is whether the 1800 names are accompanied with enough data to make them valid.’ My view is that this is a question for you and other specialists to answer zoologically. The opinion in question as written is to the effect that they are avai/ab/e, and this is a question of the Code. Whether they are va/id involves a question of systematic zoology, namely, can specialists recognize what is included under those names.” The foregoing facts will, I think, show that the Commission did not only not decide against my contention, but that the Secretary expressly says that the essential feature of the case does not lie within the jurisdic- tion of the Commission, and cannot be acted upon by them. 36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, BOOK NOTICE. Genera Insectorum dirigés par P. Wytsman, Coleoptera Adephaga, fam. Carabide, subfam. Cicindelinz, von der Walther Horn, 1910. Fasci- cule 82b avec planches, 6-15. ° This, the second part of Dr. Horn’s “Cicindelinz,” has recently come from the press, and is devoted to the platysternale phylum, including the tribes Mantichorini, Megacephalini and Cicindelini. The general plan follows that indicated in the review of the first part (vide CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1910, p. 65), but so many items Of interest to American entomologists appear that it seems worth while to notice them in some detail. Under Dr. Horn’s arrangement, our genera, Amblychila and Omus (together with the South Ametican Pycnochila), form the subtribe Omina of the tribe Megacephalini. Of Amblychila, two species are recognized, cylindriformis Say (with the subspecies picolominii Reiche), and bareni Rivers (with the subspecies Schwarzi \W. Horn), the recently described Jongipes Csy. ranking as a synonym of daronz.. In Omus only three species are recognized, dejyeani Reiche, submetallicus Horn, and ca/i- fornicus Esch. The first two of these are without synonymy, but the string of names assigned to subspecific or other local forms of ca/ifornicus is a long one. Those given specific rank are (1) vandyket W. Horn, (2) audouint Reiche, (3) ambiguus Schpp., (4) punctifrons Csy., (5) seguoiarum Cr., (6) fraterculus Csy., (7) horni Lec., (8) /evis Horn, (9) edwardsi Cr., (10) intermedius Leng, (11) /econtet Horn, (12) fuchse W. Horn. This leaves about two dozen of the names applied by LeConte, W. Horn and Casey with no higher value than that of synonyms. The reviewer is bound to confess that his own series of Omus is too small to throw any light upon the matter. Zefracha, which is made a subgenus of AZegace- phala, of the subtribe Megacephalina, gets through with no change of name in our two species. The arrangement of the Cicindelini is not completed in this section, but it is divided into two subtribes, only one of which (Cicindelina) is found with us. This has not been reached, but the next part, containing it, will be looked forward to with interest and perhaps with some apprehension by subscribers to the work. Something should be said of the plates, which are beautifully executed, and illustrate a large number of exotic forms, as well as a few from North America. As in the preceding part, a good share of the drawings are devoted to structural details. The work as a whole is to be recommended to all naturalists interested in phylogenetic studies, since it represents the views of a writer who considers the insect not as a mere separate entity, but in relation to life as a whole. H. F. WICKHAM. Mailed January 12th, 1911. € he Fanadiay Entomologist Vor. XLII. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1911. No. 2 NEW HISTORIES AND SPECIES IN PAPAIPEMA AND HYDRCCIA. BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. (Continued from Vol. XLI, page 118.) The environs of large cities are often prolific of Papaipema species, which, in comparison with rarer forms of other Noctuids, quite surprise one at first. While the flora of a section must indeed be indicative of the species to be expected, it is an undisturbed and unburned flora that at this day exerts a lasting influence on the perpetuation of these moths. So it happens the very urbanity which drives much insect life away helps, through lessening the indiscriminate burning of neglected areas, where a fire might be dangerous to buildings, to allow many species of this genus to breed in good numbers. Although a preferred indigenous food-plant has been established for most of their known larve, there is one introduced weed to which a great many will substitute upon necessity, this is the common Burdock, Arctium, and its prevalence in vacant city lots and waste places is sure to be detected by some of these boring larve. In fact, it is hard to find an extended growth of Burdock that is not bored by some Papaipemid, though cataphracta and nebris are the species to be generally expected. Investigations around Buffalo, N. Y., show an unusual number of species in Arctium, and several unfamiliar forms are bred. The primitive flora and fauna of this section must have been very rich ; the extreme fringe of the prairie zone here met the general Atlantic State forms, with conditions of damp bottom lands and water margins in proximity to the sand-dune life of the lake shore. It certainly reflected many varied characteristics, as is evidenced by the flora of Niagara Glen to-day. : Opportunity was offered to observe Papaipema harrisii in well-estab- lished colonies, and the following notes are additional to published data : The wide dispersion of Heracleum lanatum, the preferred food-plant of this species, would naturally suggest some environmental forms, but aside froin this, much instability in colour of the imago is found in every colony, and the range of variation seems most marked with it. We may use the term colony, for though in no sense gregarious, the persistent 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, nature of Heracleum in circumscribed areas permit broods to continue and inter-breed for a great many consecutive years. Hence the more apparent reason for environmental forms. And it is not the moth alone which shows variability, the larva exhibits a feature of individual instability with a tubercle plate which has not been observed with others. As only the mature larva has been described, attention may be drawn to the rest of the life-cycle which follows the normal routine. Ova deposited in September winter over and emerge during the last week of May. The early stages of the larva show the characteristic markings ; -colour light brownish- maroon, which becomes very dull in the penultimate stage, with longi- tudinal lines white. The dorsal line is continuous, the subdorsal is broken on joints four to eight. This feature places the larva in the grouping to which webris and marginidens belong, and holds with each stage except the last. The tubercles are as usual, well marked and normal for the genus, excepting the accessory 1Va, orf joint ten. This is small, never as large as IV on the preceding joints, as holds’with cerussata for instance. Its uncertain accession is marked in that some specimens have it and some do not, and, further, that an individual may have IVa on one side and not on the other. The thoracic and anal shields are of the usual prominence, and at maturity the colours fade to a soiled, whitish translu- cence. Crochets of prolegs in single row of equal length, hooking out from a broadly U-shaped setting, colour brown, number twenty; as contrasted to cerussata, where the number is twenty-two, colcur black and the hooks slightly larger. Jarve leave plant for pupation ; July 25-31; moths emerge in four weeks. A familiarity with the type form, the extreme of variation where the stigmata are black and the primaries darkly suffused, designated by Hampson as aberration No. 1, Vol. IX, Catalogue of Phalzene, together with the usual intermediate variations, following a three-years’ study of Buffalo material, has given the writer a fuller knowledge of Aarrisiz, which seemed necessary before passing finally on two apparently allied forms. One is from California, a species discovered by Mr. F. X. Williams, of San Francisco, bred by him from larve boring Cirsium occidentale. He kindly forwarded a number of the pupz within their borings where they had changed. One larva had died of a fungous disease, drying into a satisfactory specimen, and was seen to be of the common type, as shown by harrisii and arctivorens, but altogethtr seemed within the scope of a geographical race of the former. Satisfactory evidence to the contrary is- now at hand, and the following name is proposed: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 Papaipema erubescens, n. sp. Form congeneric, front smooth, pattern typical. - Head and thoracic vestiture yellowish or fawn, mixed with rosy-brown, collar tipped above in lighter shade. Antenna ciliate, with tuft of white scales at base. Primaries rather narrow, apex acute ; basal, medial and terminal areas yellow, powdered with purple-brown ; the ante- and postmedial areas dull purple, but contrasts are not strong, due to the more or less dense powderings. Postmedial line most prominent, indistinctly double, the inner line brown the outer dark purple. It projects very slantingly out- ward from the costa, making quick turn at vein six, thence nearly straight to inner margin, which it meets at a much less oblique angle. Stigmata usually white, sometimes entirely yellow; size normal, agreeing with typical harristi in definition. The central mark of reniform and the outer middle portion always yellow, the orbicular shows a central brown dot. Second- aries pale yellowish, more or less roseate, always with smoky medial band and the veins showing a little darker. The under side is more glistening and densely powdered with smoky-brown. The genitalia conform to the normal type for the genus in the harpes, but the curved hook arising on the side is without the usual teeth on the posterior edge. Expanse, 36-40 mm. Habitat, San Francisco, Cal., and probably over the range of its food-plant in that State. Eleven males are for comparison, and other specimens have been seen. A male type is in the author’s collection, and cotypes are with Messrs. Moeser and Williams. While somewhat variable, erubescens will be easily recognized super- ficially and by the wing outline. The smooth hook or clasper of the genitalia is not -duplicated exactly in any other species, except the Cali- fornian angelica, whereas the toothed form of this process holds with over thirty species, and is a feature emphasized by Prof. Smith as an exception for the Noctuids, at the erection of Papaipema. Mature larva similar to Aarrisii series in size and appearance. Head normal. Colour pale flesh-tint, whiter on last five joints, lines lost. Tubercles prominent, roughed ; Ilb, III and IV large and close together on thoracic joints ; IV the largest on the abdominal ones, with no trace of [Va on joint ten. Shield smooth, glistening-brown ; spiracles black. Pupa very cylindrical, though not apparently cramped in the burrow; similar to ¢mpecuniosa, though the latter is always wedged tightly in the, boring. There is no unusual feature, no prominence on the front, and there may or may not 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. exist a small bifidate spur. Colour brown. Length, 18-2¢ mm. Dates of emergence of series, Aug. 25 to Sept. 14. ; In the season of t908 a number of nearly matured xecopina larve were secured boring in Burdock about Buffalo. From this lot, supposedly all alike, a rather large, dark ochreous Pafaifema moth appeared at an early date, being, in fact, the first specimen to emerge from a large series of various species. It had concolorous stigmata, and differed from anything previously seen. A relationship to zmperspicua seemed most probable, and the next year the Burdock were closely observed for some unfamiliar larva which would prove this:species. Nothing out of the ordinary could be detected, however, though the final aggregation from this plant again produced one of these aberrant moths. Mr. Mceser, the local enthusiast, found, when emergence began, that he had succeeded in locating the oddity boring in Angelica atropurpurea, and secured a good series of the moths. In rgto he sent on the larve, which seemed to work in Ange/ica as a preferred food-plant, though many occurred in Heracleum also, and the two last stages were observed. Anextended series of the moths show the stigmata may become fully white, when they become comparable to a smoky variation of Aarriszi that is white-spotted. The result of the study is to conceive this form an aberration of the Grote species that is forsaking Hleracleum as a staple diet, which probably represents a prairie race, and really gives an example of a species in the making. As it never seems to revert to the type form as exemplified by Kittery Point, Maine, material, and is in no sense a case of individual variation, and, indeed, may prove enurely distinct, a designation for it as an aberration of harrisii at least seems advisable. Papaipema rubiginosa, new aberration. Head, legs and thorax dull purple-brown, irrorated with yellow scales ; abdomen lighter. Collar edged above with yellow, the spreading tuft’ of usual proportions. Fore wings dull yellow, with smoky-brown powderings more or less dense. At the hinder margin the yellow becomes brighter, due to less powdering. Basal and medial areas the same shade of yellow- brown ; ante- and postmedial areas purple-brown, but with litle contrast. Terminal space faintly lighter and yellower ; as is also the apical patch. Basal line sinuous, double, filled in with yellow, not always well defined ; antemedial line sinuous and indistinct ; median shade line shows plainly from the lower end of the reniform, extending straight and obliquely to the inner margin paralleling the postmedial. , The latter distinctly double and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41 nearly straight. The orbicular and claviform are indistinctly defined in dark purplish, sometimes partly outlined with bluish-white atoms. The reniform indistinct, the central lunulate line strongest and shown in yellow. Or the stigmata may be wholly pure white, but gradations between the two have not been seen. The hind wings are smoky-brown, paler in some specimens and usually show a medial shading. Beneath the media] lines are stronger, on a lighter, more luteous ground. Fringes slightly dentate. The male genitalia agree with the common type, does not differ to a noticeable degree from arrtsii, or, for that matter, from arctivorens, nebris and others. Expanse, 38-42 mm. Habitat.— Buffalo, N. Y. A series of thirty-two specimens have been examined, and a cotype is in Mr. Meeser’s collection. Rxdiginosa differ from aberration No. 1 of Hampson in general ground colour and in the definition of the postmedial line, which in the latter are counterparts of the typical specific maculation. Types of both forms are with the author. The larva in penultimate stage is similar to arristt, and is hard to differentiate by any character of notice. Head isa little larger, and the lines appear better defined, the dorsal alone being continuous. Tubercles normal, brownish-black, rather small. An accessory IVa, which is very small, occurs on joint ten, shields and leg-plates normal. Larvee are thus far advanced about July 20. At maturity the colour is a whitish translucence, the tubercles become blacker and larger, which is an unusual feature. On joint ten [Va becomes as large as IV on the preceding joint, and occupies a correspond- ing position. Some variation may exist in this, however. The setze seem especially well developed, even those ventrally situated on the small tubercles on joints 4 and 5, that apparently merge into the leg-plates on the succeeding.four joints, are easily discerned. Length, 42-44 mm. July 30 finds most larve full-fed and the borings deserted. The pupa is entirely normal. Emergence ranges from Aug. 17 to Sept. 9. By far the finest disclosure for tg10 was the apprehension of a beautiful, distinct and unknown species at Buffalo by Mr. F. E. Mceser. This new departure had escaped him by a narrow margin the previous season, but by persistent effort and an early beginning he was able to round up a species well worth the pains. As with other simiar surprises in this genus, one wonders how such a thing has escaped notice so long. Its beautiful tints, comparable to a cross between a_high-coloured 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. marginidens and cerussata, make it a very striking species, and though much smaller, would court notice at any collector’s hands. The quest for the larva of Xanthecia buffaloensis, known only in the single example taken many years ago, which stands as the British Museum type of Papaipema speciosissima and furcata, taken in recent years in a few random imagoes at light, had served to keep an interest in larva-hunting, which now meets with this unexpected reward. Thus, in recognition of the persistent and skillful work done by Mr. Meeser in this group, it is fitting to dedicate this fine pecies to him, Papaipema meseri, n. sp. Antenna slightly ciliate, front smooth, habitus typical, Vestiture of head and thorax rich purple, collar edged with cream, crests and tufts fully normal, abdomen dull purple-gray. Primaries short and stout, yet acute at apex; ground colour rich violet-brown, the medial area red, irrorated with yellow toward the inner margin, the ante-, postmedial and terminal areas purple, with a satin sheen ; within the basal line the usual contrasting spots are yellow and not large, an elongate dot outside this line at its middle ; antemedial line indistinct, very sinuous, touches lower edge of claviform and bends outwardly before reaching the inner margin, claviform two obliquely placed, rounded, white spots, the lower twice or three times the size of the upper ; the orbicular. whose axis is in the same oblique line, is an irregularly rounded white spot, sometimes centrally marked with a brown dot; reniform large, the usual cluster of broken white spots around a yellow lunulate line, except the spot at the middle outer side, which is yellow ; five yellowish dots on costa ; postmedial line, two fine indistinct lines, beginning on costa above and very near the reniform, past which it sweeps in a full curve, nearly touching again the lower end, and thence nearly straight and oblique to the inner margin ; the deep brown median shade is noticeable in its lower course across the median field ; terminal line defined by an illumination of glistening orange scales, inwardly dentate between the veins and brightest near the apex ; it serves to define the terminal from the postmedial areas, which otherwise would be a solid blending of rich purple gloss. Secondaries violet-gray, with a fine, indistinct medial line avd terminal band. Beneath the violet-gray is darkened with smoky powderings. The male genitalia, though typical, shows some individuality ; the lower lobe of the trigonate end of the Harpes, as occurs with the Aarrisit group, is aborted, and the clasper-hook, bearing the typical teeth, seems finer and shorter. Its a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 design approaches sciata and impecuniosa most nearly. Expanse, 34-36 mm. Dates of emergence, Aug. 23 to Sept. 28. Habitat.— Buffalo, New York City, N. Y.; Montreal, Que. Eighteen examples furnish the description. A male and female cotype are with Mr. Moeser, and a male type and female cotype are with the writer. J/@seri, in its freshness, is very distinct from any well-known species. It is constant in colour and size, the only variation in the series being in the outward curve of the postmedial line where passing the reniform, which in one specimen angles inward at this point, deflecting the usual true sweep, and some specimens are a little yellower. Nepheleptena Dyar is very close in some respects, but differs in the angle that the white spots bear to the costa. From a cotype sent to the National Museum Dr. Dyar inclines to concur in its distinctness. Unfortunately, zepheleptena is not represented by a very bright example in the unique type. The writer has seen a great deal, first and last, of the species cataphracta, as will anyone who investigates Papaipema life-histories. It is the one general feeder, the only thorough plebian, the great ubiquitous nuisance. Its list of food-plants include about everything the other species eat, so one cannot help gathering them in along with desiderata, as well as a host of others. As the seeker in these larval investigations is always on the alert to detect some new food-plant being bored, the work of this species is constantly brought to the front and deplored, after the moment of hope that sprung from some new observation. Further than that, the larve change to pupz within their borings, which adds to the flame, for one may happen on the pupe in some new and likely food-plant, only to be disappointed later, after a long wait, for the moths are tardy in emerging. Our fingers seem still to tingle from the great box: of Nettle-roots which were once painfully gathered in, thinking the small pup contained therein would surely prove a novelty. Hope continued to mount until after the first of October, in this instance before the first cataphracta appeared, when the disappointment was correspondingly keen. Which is but one instance out of a great many. But there is a redeeming feature, its larva can be easily identified, for there is none other just like it, and ‘upon a glance it may be returned to its newest food-plant. Further, if the plant is large and the stage late, one may detect its work by the large amount of frass thrown off, for it is a great gourmand, and no false hopes need be entertained fora moment. Yet it is not a common species in 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. flight, and many good collections of Noctuide are without a representative. This digression is but to emphasize the fact that the writer is familiar with the species, and in all the years up to encountering the Buffalo fauna we will say in pattern, colour and design it has been constancy itself. Not the faintest fleck of white has ever appeared in the stigmata for instance, the weak point in Papaipema. But the Buffalo Burdocks seém replete with enigmas, and a darkly suffused, white-spotted form appears, which, did not more apparent inter- grades exist to the normal form, would warrant the assumption of further specific departures. From, circumstantial superficialities one would declare that the wecopina and cataphracta, with which these plants are teeming, had irredeemably mixed, though their very numbers might argue against the need or likelihood of hybridism. _ Even mecopina shows apparent taint in examples deeply powdered with the peculiar yellow tint of catapiracta, running to forms having a well-defined and white-marked reniform. Whatever the cause, the only facts known are that this peculiar aberration is produced from a larva having the full specific attributes of cataphracta in the last two stages at least. A rather striking feature with this new form is that it begins to emerge in August, whereas the type form rarely begins before Sept. 15, and continues until the middle of October, for New York State at least. A name for this form of cataphracta is considered desirable, and the following is proposed : Papaipema fluxa, new aberration. Vestiture of thorax purple-brown mixed with gray. Primary broad, entirely suffused with umber-brown, concealing more or less the yellow under colouring and the usual lines; ante - and postmedial areas fainly show a purple reflection; stigmata small and white-marked, or the orbicular and claviform may be lost entirely, or the reniform may show the outer spots yellow ; a powdering of yellow scales over the lower median area, producing a patch at the apex, and a sprinkling is noticeable on the costa. Secondary the smoky-gray of the abdomen. The genitalia agrees with type form. Expanse, 34-38 mm. A cotype is with Mr. Mceser and a male type with the author, Papaipema arctivorens Hmpsn. The life-history of this species has never been fully recorded. It is an Eastern Canadian form, occurring commonly about the City of Montreal. Its larva bores in stems of Arctium lappa, Cirsium lanceola- tum, C. arvense, Dipsacus sylvestris and_other thick-stemmed weeds. A THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 45 preferred indigenous food-plant has not been associated with it, and its range is surely of a northern character. Its prevalence in Arctium was very marked in the season of 1909, all undisturbed waste places, even in the heart of the city that are productive of this weed seem to support flourishing colonies. Cataphracta and necopina occur with it in much less numbers, but the work of arctivorens is confined more particularly to the top of the plant. It prefers to pass most of its period in the parts at the head of the main stem or branches, which produces a more or less aborted growth. At the middle of July the midday sun causes a notice- able wilting of the growth above the cell-like boring, and as several examples are often in one plant, the effect becomes marked. Mr. A. F. Winn, who, among other of the Montreal collectors, has had the species long under notice, years ago coined the term “hydreecitis” for this appear- ance of the plants. . Of his interesting observations he has seen the newly- emerged larva ascending the plants and drilling its way within the stem, and has drawn our attention to a parasitic wasp, which is an additional species as effecting this genus. Ova were secured Sept. 6 from a pair confined in a roomy vivarium. They were deposited scatteringly without apparent design, singly or in small clusters. The egg is slightly flattened, the greatest diameter .6 mm., colour yellowish pearly-white. They winter over and emerge the latter part of May. Stage I.—Generic characters fully evident, the dark middle joints, four to eight, are crossed by the continuous whitish dorsal line, the sub- dorsal being here discontinued ; tubercles and setz pronounced, the latter on abdominal joints one, two and three appear longer than the others ; true legs black ; spiracles ringed with black ; head and shields shining yellowish. Stage II.—Similar to preceding, the darkened portions become darker now, a deep purple-lake, the lines purer white. Tubercle IV becomes larger on abdominal joints. Stage III.—As before; head and thoracic shield of equal width, polished, yellowish, a black line from the ocelli crosses the epicraneum obliquely to lower edge of shield, which is here bordered with black ; tubercles blacker. Stage 1V.—Colours as before; the first pair of abdominal legs are still shorter, but now used ; the blackish line on head and lower edge of shield finds continuation in the dark body colour existing as a stripe on 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the thoracic joints between the white subdorsal and substigmatal lines ; tubercle IVa now occurs on joint ten, at the upper corner of spiracle, is slightly larger than IV on this joint, but smaller than IV on the preceding one; I and II small on all joints to eleven. : ; Stage V.—Similar to preceding, colours intense, lines sharply defined, joints four, five, six and seven show as a solid girdle of blackish- purple, except where crossed by dorsal line. Tubercle [Va on joint ten as before. Penultimate stage.—Similar, except the ground colour. fades to a lighter shade; tubercles the same, IVa holding its corresponding size, and is without seta. Mature larva; head normal, smooth, polished, now becomes brownish-yellow, side marking lost, though shield holds its conspicuous black edging; ocelli and mouth-parts touched with black ; epicranial setee normal, of about equal length, 1V seeming longest, adfrontal area defined by nearly straight suttires ; thoracic shield wide as head, long as joint one, smooth, shining, yellowish-brown ; anal shield forms similar protection to joint twelve, but its surface is minutely roughened with granulations ; tubercle IV is largest on first ten segments, exceeding the spiracle, on joint eleven III slightly exceeds IV, as do I and II, on joint ten [Va still holds the size of true IV lower down ;.all are brownish- black ; spiracles dull black ; crochets of prolegs similar to Aarrisiz; body colour has now faded to whitish translucence, all lines lost ; length of larva per stages, 6, 9, 12, 20, 26, 34, 42 mm. Larval period fifty to fifty-six days. The boring is forsaken usually, and the pupal period, covering ewentys eight to thirty-six days, is passed in the ground or beneath some slight covering of refuse. The pupa is shining brown, the wing-cases well defined and thin enough that the stigmata are plainly seen shortly before emergence ; abdominal joints taper evenly; a slight bifidate spur. Length, 18-22 mm. - Among the yellow-brown species of the genus of which it is a good type, arctivorens comes closest to the yellow, or type form of Aarrisit, both in larva and imago. Its individuality seems most pronounced in the white marking formed by the orbicular and claviform, being proportion- ately larger than with its allies, a feature especially accentuated in dwarfed or abnormal examples. There is no erratic variability as occurs with | harristi. The genitalia are of the usual pattern, showing no distinguish- ing features. : . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 Papaipema rigida. The list of food-plants can be increased to include He/ianthus tuberosus, Arctium lappa and Zizsia aurea. Tho preferred food-plant, instead of Helianthus decapetalus, as stated by the writer in this magazine, Vol. XLI, p. 116, should be revised to Heliopsis helianthotdes. ‘The latter is by far most accepted, and seems very generally bored under favourable conditions. This plant does not occur at Rye, N. Y., and here rigida flourishes to some extent in the roots of Z7zzza, which is not nearly so well suited for such a larva. The examples in Arctium were plainly cases of substitution. An undescribed western species of Hydrecta has been referred to the writer, for which the following name is proposed : Hydrecia repleta, uv. sp. Head and thorax clothed with admixture of yellow and reddish or garnet, hair-like scales, abdomen darker. Fore wings brown, of a nearly even shade, probably with red or garnet tinge when fresh ; basal area rather large, yellow, defined by a double inwardly-waved line at vein I, beyond this point an elongate white dot ; antemedial line double, filled in with yellow ; median shade faintly discernible, blackish ; orbicular large, round, white, with central speck of brown; claviform rounded, white, bisected by brown hair line ; reniform large, a yellow bent bar surrounded by white spots divided by brown hair lines ; postmedial line double, ill-defined, illuminated near costa by yellow scales, bends outwardly past reniform, thence with ogee curve to inner margin; subterminal line irregularly waved and generally parallel to postmedial ; postmedial area probably shows purplish-sheen when fresh ; terminal space faintly dashed with yellow between veins, and a yellow blotch at apex. Hind wings solid, dull black, with pale rufous fringes. Beneath the wings are smoky-black on a luteous ground, having a garnet suffusion.at costal and terminal areas ; .a black medial line and discal spots. Expanse, 34-36 mm, Habitat.—Huachuca and Chiris Mts., Paradise, Ariz., Aug. 21 to Sept. 13. Collector unknown. Three specimens are at hand through the courtesy of Prof. J. B. Smith, who retains a male and female cotype. The species is an exact counterpart in maculation of the fore wing of the well-known serrata, which seems common at Denver, Colo. The one male specimen is minus antenna, so it cannot be stated if it has this pectinated as holds with its ally. The darker tone and black secondaries easily separate them, however, though the genitalia of the new form does not differ markedly from serrata, which has been figured by Prof. Smith, 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON THE BREEDING OF ZROPIDOPRIA CONICA. FABR.* BY G. E. SANDERS, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, OTTAWA. In carrying on some dipterous experiments in the Division, in August, 1g1o, many of the puparia of Z7stalis tenax Linn. were found to contain the well-known parasite TZropidopria conica. About forty per cent. collected under natural conditions in August and September were found to be infested, giving on an average 35 adult parasites to each puparium. The highest number from one puparium was 46, and the lowest 21. Emer gence.—This takes place through one or more round, somewhat jagged holes, about 3 mm. in diameter, cut in the side of the puparium. The holes are cut by the adult after they have completed their transforma- tions. All the parasites in one puparium appear to complete their trans- formations at the same time, showing no indication of a partial retarded development as is so often found in similar parasites. Mating.— About three hours after emergence many pairs were seen together, apparently in coitu; closer éxamination, however, showed that this was not the case. The male had placed himself firmly upon the dorsal surface of the female, and with his two front tarsi had caught hold of the antennee of the female and drawn them upwards and backwards until they lay nearly perpendicular, one on each side, close to the fore part of his thorax. The antenne of the male were thrown back so that the sense organ, or gland, situated on the fourth antennal joint, as shown in figure 2, lay directly against the antennal club of the female. This organ was being: passed quickly up and down the female’s antennal club, and was evidently intended to A B excite the female sexually; the wings ei opi pre ree Rut Of the male were raised and fluttered antenna ;, B, left antenna. continuously during the process. Often this means of excitement continued for three minutes, but more often it *Scientific Contributions from the Division of Entomology, Ottawa. February, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 lasted for from thirty to forty seconds. Copulation did not follow in all cases ; in several cases it did. The exciting process appears to be always preliminary to copulation. The gland-like organ is found on the fourth antennal joint of the male in Zropidopria and many allied genera, and it appears that its sole purpose is for the exciting of the female in the manner described. Oviposition.—This takes place in the puparium. The _ earliest instance was observed forty-eight hours after emergence. The ovipositor is, in all cases, inserted directly back of the respiratory “horns” in the suture forming the cap, which is forced off by the Zristads adult in emerging. Freshly-found puparia were selected, when possible, for ovi- position in preference to those in which the host was well advanced. It was observed, however, that they would deposit their eggs in old puparia when only one is exposed. Several such cases, even when the female was known to be fertilized, did not harm the host, the adult Zr/sta/’s emerging. The ovipositor appears to be inserted by a straight slow thrust ; the body of the female while ovipositing is raised in a semi-circle, except for an occasional movement of the antennze, which for the most part are extended forward and rest upon the puparium. The time from the insertion to the withdrawal of the ovipositor was taken in four cases, being 173 minutes, 185 minutes, 96 minutes and 1o1 minutes respectively. Development.—The larva is an internal feeder, developing and trans- forming within the soft tissues of the abdomen and thorax. In the early stages they do not retard the development of the host, as in instances where the puparia were known to be freshly formed when the eggs of the parasites were deposited in them, and when one of these was broken open fifteen days later the head, thorax and legs of the fly were found to be perfectly formed. Length of cycle.—The two broods carried through from the egg to the adult took, in one case, 36 days, from August 7th to September rath, and in the others 41 days, from September 7th to October 18th ; in this last case the larval and egg stages were 30 days and the pupal 11 days. On account of the difficulty found in rearing the larvee the cycle of the host could not be determined accurately. Data taken in the latter half of August and in September, when put together give the complete cycle at about 30 days—about 18 days larve and 12 days pupe—in all a shorter cycle than that of the parasite. 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, The adult Zropidopria is particularly long-lived ; in one lot, which — emerged on September 2rst, the majority lived until October r2th, and a few survived until October 14th. Several pupz were removed from one puparium and placed singly in gelatine capsules in order to secure unfertilized females. These, when they emerged, were placed on puparia which had been reared Parthenogenesis. from larvee, and were known to be free from parasites. On September 18th 9 adults, all males, emerged from one puparium. Relative number of the sexes —Under natural conditions there is a great preponderance of females. From one phial containing several puparia, 298 parasites emerged; of these, 101 were tales and 197 females. Two lots, each from one puparium, were examined, the one was found to contain 9 males and 35 females, the other 17 males and 29 females. MELITHA THEONA MENETRIES.AND ITS SYNONYMY. BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. Melitea theona was described by Menetries. in. his Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei imperialis Academie Scientiarum Petropoli- tanez, 1855 (p. 86, and a figure, 5, on plate 2). Dr. Skinner has kindly sent me a copy of the original description, which reads as follows : “444. Melitea theona nob.—Encore une espéce de ce groupe americain de nos artemis, athalia, etc., dont on compte déja plus d’une dixaine d’espéces. Sa taille est celle d’un petit individu de la IZ. athalia Esp., c’est-a-dire d’un pouce deux lignes d’envergure. Au premier abord, elle ressemble un peu a la JZ. edttha Boisd. En dessus, les ailes sont d’un brun noiratre, avec des bandes formées de taches jaunatres et fauves, ainsi disposées : aux ailes supérieures, la bande la plus externe est com- posée de taches fauves, a l’exception de la 4e, qui est plus grande et d’un blanc jaunatre ; la seconde bande, qui est plus interne et plus irregulitre, est formée de 7 taches d’un blanc jaunatre ; plus prés de la base, on remarque plusieurs taches fauves, separées entr’elles par une tache d’un blanc jaunatre, placée diagonalement au milieu de Ja cellule discoidale, puis une autre en dessous de cette cellule, plus poche de la base enfin une 3e allongée, dans ia cellule et plus rapprochée encore de la base. Les ailes inférieures présentent une bande parallele au bord externe, composée de S$ taches fauves, ces taches sont arrondies A leur sommet et tronquées inférieurement ; le disque est coupe par une autre bande parallele de 8 February, 1911 ‘ : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ay | ‘taches oblongues, également fauves ; et enfin, plus proche de la base, on compte 3 ou 4 taches peu distinctes. En dessous, les ailes supérieures offrent de plus, outre le dessin du dessus, une rangée de petites taches blanchatres qui part du sommet et le long du bord externe ; la base est fauve, présentant les trois taches blanchatres du dessus, entourées d’une ligne noire. Les ailes inférieures différent du dessus, en ce qu’elles présentent de plus une band de taches blanc-jaunatres, le long du bord externe ; la bande qui traverse le disque de laile est formée de taches oblongues d’un blanc jaunatre comme en dessus, mais bordées de noir inférieurement et d’un simple lisére de cette teinte antérieurement; la base présent une bande de taches, en rayons, ¢troites, surtout les plus internes, d’un blanc jaunatre, un autre plus bas au milieu, le tout reposant sur un fond fauve.” The type locality is given as Nicaragua. Edwards, in 1870 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol. 3, p. 191), described M. thekla, “taken by Dr. E. Swart in So. Calif.,” and which has since been found to occur commonly in Arizona and Texas. I know of no definite locality for tHekZa in California, and Mr, W. G. Wright (Butt. West Coast) has apparently never met with it in this State. 4o//ic Edwards was published in Field and Forest, Vol. 3, p. 101, 1877, and isa synonym of thek/a, as Dr. Holland, who possesses the types of both, has pointed out. Dr. Scudder, in his Synonymic List of the Butterflies of North America, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sciences, Vol. II, p. 265, 1875, gives for the habitat of tHeona, which with /eanira and thek/a, he places in his genus Thessalia, “So. Cal., Nicaragua and Guatemala.” Boisduval, in the classic Lepidoptéres de la California, p. 55, 1869, says of fheona that “ Cette espece tres commune dans certaines localités du Mexique, a été retrouvée dans la Sonora par M. Lorquin.” Sonora evidently is referable to Southern California, I have long suspected that our JZ, ¢hek/a is a pure synonym of ¢heona. Certainly the description of tAeona is applicable to either ¢hek/a or boliti, and furthermore, Godman and Salvin, in the Biologica Cent. Americana, state that specimens of Jo0//i¢ and thek/a from northern Sonora are not distinguishable from ¢heona, except in being somewhat more fulyous. It is quite obvious then that ¢hek/a and bollii must be relegated to the synonymy of ¢Aeona, which has long priority. It is a matter of astonishment that this group should have stood erroneously so long in our lists. Dr. Skinner (Cat. Rhop.) does not include ¢heona in our fauna, but later in his first supplement (p. 9) he lists ¢Aeona var. ~ 52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. perlula Felder (Wien. Ent. Mon., 5, p. 104, n. 80, 1861), which Doll. Ent. News, Vol. 15, p. 350, 1904, reports from Brownsville, Texas. I am totally unacquainted with this, but believe that it is another ¢theona synonym, or that the identification is incorrect, as per/u/a is not known to occur in the intermediate region between Texas and Venezuela. The Biologica makes no mention of it. Dr. Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Museum, includes ¢heona, and gives it the habitat ‘‘ Texas, Colorado,” placing fu/via Edwards as a synonym. ‘This. is certainly incorrect, as fudvia is a synonym of a/ma Strecker. Strecker, Cat., p. 126, 1878, records ¢heona, No. 231, from S. California, S.-West Texas, Cent. America. Dr. Smith’s Catalogue gives theona (No. 110), and places it between wrightii and thekla. The synonymy is asfollows : 2 Melitea theona Menetries. syn. thekla Edwards. bollit Edwards. M. definata Aaron belongs in this group, and may be the insect recorded as perludu. The Department of Zoology and Entomology of the Ohio State University has recently received as a donation a fine collection of Lepi- doptera from Mrs. Catharine Tallant, of Richmond, Indiana. The collection was made by Mr. W. N. Tallant during a series of years in the nineties and up to about 1905. It contains mainly species occurring in central Ohio, especially at Columbus, but has also a number of species from different parts of the United States, and also some fine samples of species occurring in South America, Japan, China, India, Ceylon and Africa. The collection contains about 10,000 specimens in most excellent condition, very beautifully mounted, and many of the species contain very full series, showing variations, etc., which will make them of special value for scientific study. They are, for the most part, carefully identified, included in good cases and cabinets, and will be kept under the name of the “ Tallant Collection.” Taken with the other collections in, Lepidoptera, the collection of Odonata left by Professor Kellicott, and those in various groups which have been accumulated by the efforts of the members of the Department, the University is now provided with an excellent collection of insects, including representatives in all the different orders, the total number of specimens probably coming close to 100,000. HERBERT OsBorn, Columbus, O. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 em NOTES ON DIABROTICA AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS, (Continued from page 16.) D. peckit, nov. sp. Yellow; head, intermediate joints of the antennz, scutel, pectus, tibie and tarsi black ; elytra smooth, shining yellow, each with a large quadrate black patch at the base and a large circular black spot at the apex, in the middle of each a round yellow spot. Length, 534 mm. One example, Manatee Dist., Brit. Honduras, Dec. 6, 1909. Coliected by Mr. Peck. Head with fovea small and abrupt ; antenne a little more than half the length of the body, joint 2 short, 3 one-half longer, 4 equal to two preceding ; 1 and g-10 and base of 11 pale yellow, 2-3 cloudy, the rest dark. Thorax pale flavous, smooth impunctate, faintly depressed behind and at the middle, and obsoletely bifoveate ; elytra very slightly dilated behind, smooth, shining, faintly and finely punctulate, longitudinally sul- cate, when looked at from behind at a certain angle obsoletely, the basal black patches join at the suture, each is convex towards the apex and reaches nearly the middle of the elytra, but does not attain the lateral edge ; the apical patch oblong circular, nowhere attaining the edge or suture. Very close to d/ocu/ata Bow., but with three, in place of two, upper joints of the antennz light, thorax wider and more indefinitely foveate, elytra much more sparsely punctured, and colour of markings dull black in place of blue or cyaneous. D. columbiensis, nov. sp. Head, tibize and tarsi black, antennz more than half the length of the body, joints i-—3 and g-1o flavous, rest piceous, thorax rufous (like varicornis Jac.), deeply bifoveate, and sometimes an indication of a third just before the scutel, which is piceous; elytra yellow, strongly plicate, with a blue-black annulus at the base (often broken), and a curved fascia behind the middle, not attaining either edge (often broken) ; between these blue marks is a suffused rufous-orange band, and the tip is the same colour, abdomen and femora yellow. Length, 5-6 mm. Type Columbia, also Ibague, Columbia (Fr. Claver) 4 var., Calif, Columbia (Rosenburg), (Venezuela, Mocquerys ?). February, 1911 54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Very close to varicornis Jac. and Haro/di Baly ; from the former it differs by the black tibia and tarsi and different colouring, from the latter by the narrower rufous thorax and different colouring, and from both by the shorter second and third joints of the antenne, which are short and equal ; fourth much longer in g and somewhat longer in the @; thorax a little longer than wide, lightly sinuate at the side; elytra slightly dilated behind ; what I regard as the typical form has the basal ring-shaped-mark, complete, contiguous at the suture, but not attaining the margin and with- out any projection at the outside rear, similar to what is found in fzba/is and adelpha, the rear fascia is broken into broad spots, the general effect being rather orange-coloured, elytra with dark spots, surrounded with a lighter colour, after the manner of certain specimens of C/larkella Baly ; abdomen and femora yellow. Two of the Cali examples have light piceous legs (immature ?). In-its elytral markings the variety, when the spots are broken, much resembles semicircudata Jac. from Bugaba. D. chimborensts, nov. sp. : ae Head, scutellum, pectus, and tibiz and tarsi black, antenne piceous, flavous at base, joints 9-10 white, thorax a little longer than broad, rufous, shining, sparsely, finely, but evidently punctured, elytra pale yellowish- white, with a vivid cyaneous or bluish band at the base not attaining the margin (enclosing a round yellow spot) and an oblique fascia of the same colour behind the middle, femora and abdomen yellow, the former tinged with piceous at the apex. Length, 64% mm. ; Type, one example “above Chimbo., 3000 vili, ’97, Rosenberg.” Very like tibialis Jac., or adelpha Har.; frontal fovea not very deep, antennz a little more than one-half as long as body, the first joint pale, with piceous tip, joint 2 short, 3 one-half longer, piceous with pale bases, 4 almost one-haif longer than the two preceding, joints 4-8 black, 9-10 and base of 11 white, thorax comparatively longer and .narrower than tibialis and punctured, the forward band of the elytra, with its enclosed spots, is the same marking as ¢/bia/is and ade/pha, but cyaneous in place of black ; the postericr fascia is almost straight-edged, oblique and not right-angled or semilunate, as in the ¢/b/adis and adelpha. The form is moderately dilated to the rear, and the elytra are not plicate. I have two examples from Caracas, Venez., which I include with this species, one of which was labelled as ¢#biqdis Jac. in his second collection. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 55 D. purpurascens, nov. sp. Head flavous, vertex and front tinged with purple, labrum black, antenne fuscous, flavous at base and apex, thorax as long as broad, smooth, convex, impunctate, light piceous purple; elytra plicate, orange, with three basal spots, a common scutellar, and a humeral, and two trans- verse bands, one before and the other behind the middle dark piceous purple, and the lateral and sutural margins lighter purple, beneath and tibiz and tarsi light piceous purple, femora flavous. Length, 6 mm. Two examples, olive-green label (Pachitea), Peru. Antenne three-fourths the length of the body, fuscous, lighter at the base, joint 9 white (10-11 missing), joints 2 and 3 almost equal in length, 4 much longer than the two preceding, the thorax in certain angles shows obsolete depressions where the usual fovev are, sides very lightly sinuate ; elytra moderately dilated to the rear, strongly plicate, thickly and strongly punctured ; neither of the transverse fascize attain either the margin or suture, the anterior one, however, joins the humeral patch at the side, the sutural purple begins just behind the scutellar spot, the general colour beneath is light piceous-purplish with flavous femora. The purple colour- ing is probably much brighter in fresh specimens ; seems to belong near S-pustulata Baly. D. argo, nov. sp. Head black, antennex black, base of the first and joints 8, 9, 10 and extreme base of tr pale, thorax yellow, smooth, transverse, depressed, obsoletely trifoveate, scutel black; elytra nearly parallel, not plicate, -punctured, yellow, a basal band and a curved fascia behind the middle, cyaneous, ¢ with a tubercle near the suture in the curved fascia, body below yellow, pectus black, legs yellow, tibie and tarsi black. Length, 6% mm. One ¢, Cali, Columbia, ix, xii, *94 (W. Rosenberg). One a2 Pus; Pischindé, Columbia (Rosenberg). The antenne are about three-fourths the length of the body, joint 2 short, 3 nearly twice as long, 4 longer than both preceding united ( 7), in the ? joint 3 is relatively a little longer; the thorax is much broader than long, sinuate at tne sides behind, impunctate, shining, broadly depressed ; the scutel is polished convex ; the punctuation of the elytra is obsolete at the rear, but coarse and confluent anteriorly, the anterior cyaneous band occupies about quarter of the length, and except for the extreme iaflexed edge of the elytra is entire, the rear fascia is about half the width of the 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. anterior band and convex anteriorly, the ¢ tubercle is on the forward edge. This species is, so far as I am aware, the only one in §t where the ¢@ has a sutural tubercle. It is of course nearly allied to those forms in the Baly-Gahan paper covering §2 ‘“C.” D. songoensis, nov. sp. . - Head black, antenna, thorax, scutel and legs flavous, thorax bifoveate, elytra plicate, strongly punctate, pale flavous, with three basal spots, one common, wedge-shaped sutural, the other oblong humeral, and an oblique patch on the convexity behind the middle, and equidistant from the margin and suture, all vivid cyaneous biue. Length, 5 mm. One example, Songo, Bolivia. , The mouth-parts are yellow, frontal fovea very large and round, antenne longer than half the body, joints 2-3 short, the latter one-half longer than the former, 4 equal to the two preceding ; thorax about as long as broad, sides moderately sinuate, surface smooth, deeply bifoveate and depressed at rear; the elytra are slightly dilated behind, and the punctuation, especially forwatd, is comparatively coarse, the plica- tion is not strong, and the suture is slightiy depressed -behind the scutel, the humeral blue marks are truncate at the rear. Comes near 5-maculata Fabr. ; D. klagit, wov. sp. Head piceous brown, antennze fuscous, prasinous at the base, thorax prasinous, convex, shining, impunctate, scutel flavous, elytra flavous, plicate, lateral edge prasinous, a common elongate sutural, a humeral, a median discal and a large apical blotch, chocolate-brown ; body beneath- and legs flavous, with the under part of the thorax, the antepectus and femora prasinous. Length, 6 mm. One example (¢), St. Catharine, Brazil (Klages). This species has superficially the appearance of zrz-punctata Jac. The antenne are a little more than half the length of the body, joints 2-3 short and of equal length, the third obconic and stout after the manner of the forms near s/mzdata Baly, fourth joint slightly longer than the two preceding (or the longest of all) ; the joints 4-10 are somewhat thickened and dilated so,they appear stout, the thorax is very sinuate behind; the plication of the elytra is strong and about two or three sulcations indicated between it and the suture, the depression behind the scutel is narrow but well marked, and the punctuation is fine and even. I place it next Zr-punctata Jac., from which it is at once separated by the smooth thorax and incrassate antennee. . — so ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 57 D. septemplagiata nov. sp. Head prasinous, with black labrum and piceous vertex, the fovea on top, very large and well marked ; antennz black, prasinous at base, tenth joint white ; thorax prasinous, convex, shining, sparsely but distinctly punctured, and with three obsolete foveze, scutel black ; elytra prasinous, plicate, punctured, the disk longitudinally, obsoletely yellow from the base to near the apex, two spots at the base of each elytron, one common wedge-shaped sutural, the other small humeral; also two small round discal spots, one about the middle and the other directly behind on the convexity, all black ; body below and legs yellow prasinous, tibiz and tarsi black. Length, 7 mm. One ¢ example, S. Catharine (Liiderwoldt). Antenne filiform, about three-quarters the iength of the body, joint 2 short, 3 a trifle longer, 4 longer than both together, g-10 white, base of Ir more or less white ; the sides of the thorax are much rounded in front of the middle and nearly straight behind; the elytra are moderately dilated behind, shiny, thickly and strongly punctured, even a little con- fluently, along the suture forward ; the depression back of the scutel is distinct but not noticeably great ; the four round black spots on the disk, two on each side, are placed on a yellowish-green ground, so as to form the corners of a square, ::, and are the most noticeable thing about the species. D. delrio, nov. sp. Head prasinous, with piceous labrum and mouth, and black eyes ; antennz fuscous, prasinous at base; thorax prasinous, convex, shiny, impunctate, scutel piceous ; elytra prasinous, plicate, with three flavous spots, the first basal, median, elongate, a trifle more than one-third the elytral length, the second submedian, transverse, slightly oblique, and a littie nearer the suture than the margin, the third apical, round, equidistant from the suture and margin ; below and legs flavous, with the thorax prasinous and tibia tinctured with prasinous. Length, 5 mm. One ¢ (?), Rio de Janeiro. Antenne about three-fourths length of body, joint 2 short, 3 scarcely one-half longer, 4 longer than the two preceding, thorax a trifle broader than longer, very slightly sinuate, elytra barely dilated behind, with one or two sulcations indicated on the disk of the elytra, punctuation fine and rather sparse. Among the green species this will come near se/ecta Jac. and g/aucina Baly, but these, however, have the basal yellow spot humeral, here it is strictly median, and does not encroach on the humeral knob. 58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D. rosenbergi, nov. sp. Head dark piceous, antenne nearly as long as pede, fuscous, with three upper joints flavous, thorax dark olivaceous, rather opaque, bifoveate, scutel piceous, elytra castaneous, with prasinous suture and margin, vanishing before the apex, and one or more cross bands of the same, indicated before and behind the middle; body beneath flavous, with piceous breast, legs with prasinous fenton and piceous tibize and tarsi. Length, 6-7 mm. Three examples, two ?’s, one ¢, R. Dagua, Columbia, Rosenberg. This comes near 6-maculata Baly, and also curvipustulata Baly, but differs in colour of the head, and the last ¢Aree joints of the antenne being pale, the elytra also are not spotted but wholiy suffused, though I assume a larger series might show distinct spots. My ¢ has the antenne nearly as long as the body, joints 2-3 short and equal, the latter, however, more obconic in shape, 4 nearly twice as long as both preceding, and easily the longest joint of all, three upper joints pale flavous, the extreme tip of the last piceous, the thorax’ and elytra are entirely castaneous (faded ?) with a touch of piceous on the suture, the shoulders, and in the disk before and behind the middle ; the punctuation of the elytra is thick and moderately coarse, and there are several indistinct sulcations on the disk.. D. rufopustulata, nov. sp. Head prasinous, mouth piceous, antenne prasinous, becoming fuscous at middle and end, thorax shining prasinous, deeply bifoveate, scutel piceous, elytra prasinous, almost parallel, depressed, strongly plicate, and punctured, each side with a bright rufous, round spot on the disk in front of the middle, and rather distant from the suture, also an indistinct rufous spot near the apex on the convexity, legs prasinous, tarsiand apex of tibia piceous, abdomen yellow, pectus black. Length, 4% mm. One (9?) example, La Paz (Bolivia?), green label. _ Antenne about half length of body, joints 2-3 short and equal, 4 equal the two preceding, basal joint prasinous, then the colour gradually grades up to the eleventh joint, which is dark fuscous and the darkest of all, thorax is rather longer than broad, and nearly parallel, and the fovea large and deep, elytra rather dull, with the thick punctuation, flat, also depressed along the suture, the plication below the shoulder very strong and deep. The noticeable thing about the species is the rufous anterior spot, which is easily visible, and at once distinguishes this species. (To be contmued.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 TWO NEW GENERA AND SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY APHIDID. BY H. F. WILSON, OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Amphorophora howard, n. sp. This species is dedicated to Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, who has in the past two years extended me many favours whereby I have been able to carry on my aphid studies with much benefit to myself. Alate viviparous female.—General colour light brown; antenne, head, thorax and legs black. Abdomen light brown, robust, and with a row of dusky transverse dorsally placed spots. Wings long, broad, and with the cubitus twice forked. Nectaries about one-fourth the length of the body, vasiform. Cauda ensiform, one-half the length of the nectaries ; anal plate rounded ; tip of abdomen and cauda with short bristles. Antenne with six segments and placed on prominent antennal tuber- cles. Spur of sixth longer than the third segment, and about five times as long as the sixth. Measurements —Length of body, 1.9 mm.; width, 9 mm.; length of _ antennze by segments, I, .10 mm.; II, .o5 mm.; ITI, .45 mm.; IV, .3 mm.; V, .33 mm.; VI, .15 mm.; spur of sixth, .7 mm.; total length, 2.98 mm.; length of wing, 3 mm.; total expanse, 6.5 mm.; nectaries, .41 mm.; cauda, .23 mm. Apterous viviparous female.—General colour light brown, antenne slightly longer than the body, and placed on. more or less prominent tubercles ; colour darker brown. Abdomen robust, each side with seven or eight dorsally placed black spots. Nectaries about one-fourth the length of the body and strongly vasiform ; cauda ensiform. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.75 mm.; width, .85 mm. Length of antennz by segments, I, .10 mm.; II, .o5 mm.; III, .4 mm.; IV, .29 mm.; V, .32 mm.; VI. .12 mm.,; spur of sixth segment, .68 mm.; nectaries, .46 mm.; cauda, .22 mm. This species was fairly abundant throughout the summer on the heads of Panicularia nervata among streams and in swampy ground about Batesburg, S. C. Aphis sasscert, N. sp. This species was sent to me by Mr. E. R. Sasscer, from Miami, Fla., where he collected it in the Subtropical Gardens from Anona rectilinata. Specimens were sent to me alive, and received June 2, 1910. February, 1911 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Alate viviparous female.—General colour orange-yellow, antenne, thorax, distal ends of tibiz, nectaries and tip of cauda dusky ; wings hyaline. Antenne with six segments, shorter than the body and not placed on antennal tubercles. Spur of sixth segment longer than any one segment, and about three times as long as the sixth; 5 slightly shorter than 4, and 3 and 4 about equal in length ; third segment with four to six large round sensoria, fifth with one large sensorium near the distal end ; first segment slightly gibbous at the upper inner angle. Head broad and nearly flat, slightly elevated at the inner base of each antenne. Wings long and broad, veins hyaline. Abdomen robust, nectaries tapering and bent out- ward at the tip. Cauda two-thirds the length of the nectaries and knobbed at the end. Anal plate broadly rounded, tip of cauda and anal plate with a number of prominent hair-like bristles. Abdomen with a row of three black spots on each side, and also with a number of dentate tubercles in a line along each side. . Measurements.—Length of body, 1.05 mm.; width, 0.45 mm.; antennal segments, I, 0.05 mm.;. IT, .o4 mm,; III, .17 mm.; IV, .14 mm.; Me ake mm.; VI, .o8 mm.; spur, .26 mm.; total length, .87mm. Length of wing, 1.5 mm.; width, .56 mm.; total expansion, 3.82 mm. Length of nectaries, .12 mm.; length of cauda, .o6 mm. Apterous viviparous female, — General colour greenish-brown antenne, tarsi, tips of tibize, and nectaries dusky. Antennz six-segmented, nearly as long as the body and not on antennal tubercles. Antennal seg- ments compare as in alate form. Body short and stout, nectaries tapering and curved outward. Cauda broad, short and pointed. Abdomen with a row of five or six dentate tubercles along each side. Measurements.—Length of body, 1 mm.; width, .56 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o5 mm.; IJ, .og4 mm.; III, .22 mm.; IV, .14 mm.; V,.14 mm.; VI, .og mm.; spur, .22 mm.; total length, .9 mm.; nectaries, .10 mm.; cauda, .o6 mm. ; Aphia minuta, 0. sp. Collected on Aero potato, Buréau of Plant Introduction greenhouses at Washington, D. C. The plant belongs to the morning-glory family. Alate viviparous female.—General colour yellowish-green, antenne, tarsi, tips of femora and tibie, and nectaries dusky. Antennz with six segments, not set on antennal tubercles, and as long as the body. Third segment the longest, but the spur of the sixth is longer than the third and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 fourth segments together, and about five times as long as the sixth; fourth shorter than the fifth ; third with two to five large round sensoria. Nec- taries thick, about as long as the tarsi and tapering. Cauda large and slightly longer than the nectaries. Measurements.—Length of body, 0.47 mm.; width, 0.18 mm. Length of antennz by segments, I, .o26 mm.; II, .o26 mm.; III, .og mm.; IV, .52 mm.; V,.0o6 mm.; VI, .o5 mm.; spur, .19 mm.; length of wing, .97 mm.; total expanse, 2.1 mm.; length of nectaries, .o8 mm.; cauda, .o6 mm. Apterous viviparous female.—General colour yellowjsh-green, tips of antenne, tarsi and nectaries dusky. Body oboval and almost as broad as long. Antenne as long as the body, with six segments and not placed on antennal tubercles ; third segment the longest, but spur of sixth as long as the third and fourth together. Fifth segment with one large sensorium near the distal end. Nectaries twice as long as the tarsi, thick and tapering. Cauda two-thirds as long as the nectaries, broad and with a semi-knobbed tip. Anal plate very short and broadly rounded. Cauda and plate with few long hair-like bristles. Measurements.—Length of body, .59 mm.; width, .47 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .03 mm.; II, .o26 mm.; III, .11 mm.; IV, .10 inmm.; V, .o6 mm.; VI, .o52 mm.; spur, .19 mm.; nectaries, .o8 mm.; cauda, .o6 mm. Carolinata, n. gen. This genus is closely related to CerosipAa in that the alate forms have six segments in the antenne, while the apterous forms have but five. Antenne shorter than the body, and not placed on antennal tubercles. Venation of fore wing regular, hind wings with but a single cross-vein. Nectaries about one-fifth the length of the body, and swollen in the middle. Cauda one-fourth the length of the nectaries and tapering. Carolinaia caricis, n. sp. Alate viviparous female.—Geineral colour greenish-yellow, head and thorax black, antennz, legs and nectaries dusky yellow. Antennz shorter than the body, six-segmented and not on antennal tubercles. Sixth antennal segment slightly shorter than the spur, and about half as long as the third segment. Third with seven to eight round slightly raised sensoria. Wings long and slender, fore wing with regular venation, hind wing with but a single cross-vein. Nectaries one-fifth the length of the body and swollen in the middle. Cauda very short and tapering. 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Measurements.—Length of body, 1.55 mm.; width, .67 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o45 mm.; II, .o66 mm.; III, .3 mm.; IV, .13 mm.; V,.12 mm.; VI,.13 mm.; spur,.22 mm.. Length of wing, 1.86 mm.; total wing expansion, 4.17 mm.; length of nectaries, .59 mm.; cauda, .og mm. . Apterous viviparous female.—General colour greenish-yellow, tinged with brown. Body quite flat, slightly rounded above, cauda ‘slightly darkened at the tip. Antenne less than one-half the length of the body, and with but five segments, spur of the fifth slightly longer than the seg- ment. Nectaries one-fourth the length of the body, and swollen in the middle. Cauda short and triangular. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.55 mm.; width, 1 mm. Length of antennal segments, I,.045 mm.; II, .o45 mm.; III, .18 mm.; IV, .066 mm.; V, .c66 mm.; spur, .135 mm.; length of nectaries, .58 mm.; cauda, .og mm. : Specimens collected on seed pack of Carex sp.; quite numerous in swamps, with two to ten specimens on a plant. Batesburg,S. C., summer of 1910. Pergandeida nigra, N. sp. Alate viviparous female.—General colour grayish-black, antenne, except segments one and two, and tibia and tarsi yellowish. Wings hyaline, veins dusky. Antenne shorter than the body, six-segmented and not on antennal tubercles. Segments three to six and spur slender, ene and two stout. Spur of sixth segment longer than third segment, third with four to seven large round sensoria more or less regularly placed. Head with a prominent frontal ocellus and raised at the inner base of each antenne. Prothorax with a single dentate projection on each side. Abdomen also with a single protuberance on each side close to those of the thorax. Wings long and robust, with the second fork of the median vein running close to the edge of the wing. Abdomen robust, and witha number of protuberances on each side. Nectaries twice as long as broad and tapering. Caudal plate broad and tapering. Measurements.—Length of body, .89 mm.; width, .39 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o39 mm.; II, .o39 mm.; III, .15 mm.; IV, .104 mm.; V,.cg mm.; VI, .065 mm.; spur, .26 mm.; nectaries, .o65 mm.; cauda, .o7 mm. ° ' , a -_ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 63 Apterous viviparous female.—General colour grayish-black, segments three to six of antenne, tibia and tarsi yellowish. Antenne shorter than the body and without antennal tubercles. The lateral projections of the body are very distinct, there being three sets of large and three sets of small protuberances, the first set placed just behind the eyes, the second midway on the abdomen, and a third large pair between the base of the nectaries and the cauda. Nectaries about twice as long as wide and tapering ; cauda short and thick. Measurements.— Length of body, .79 mm.; width, .49 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o4 mm.; II, .o3 mm.; III, .12 mm.; IV,.o8 mm.; V, .og mm.; VI, .065 mm.; spur, .235 mm.; length of nectaries, .o5 mm.; cauda, .o8 mm. Collected from Cyril/a racemiflora at Batesburg, S. C., during the summer of r1g10. ; Anecia Enothere, vn. sp. Alate viviparous female.—General colour yellowish-green, antenne, head, thorax and legs dusky to black. Antenne about one-third the length of the body, with six segments, the sixth bearing a short thumb-like spur. Antennal tubercles wanting. Spur of sixth segment about one-fourth the length of the segment, the segment being slightly longer than five, and about one-half as long as three. Five slightly longer than four, and four not much longer than one or two. Third segment with three or four widely-separated sensoria, which are not as prominent as those in other species of Avecia. Fourth with one or two near the distal end. Fifth with one large sensorium near the distal end and sixth with one large and several small sensoria at the base of the spur. Head broadly rounded, body short and robust, wings short and broad. Wing-veins not heavy, fore wing with two oblique veins and cubitus once forked. Abdomen yellowish, with five dorsal stripes distally placed, and a row of six or seven black spots, one each side. Nectaries are but flanged edges on a slightly raised base. Cauda broadly rounded and broader than long. Anal plate broadly rounded and merged into the abdomen. Antenne, legs, cauda and tip of abdomen with numerous fine hairs. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.66 mm.; width,.76 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o4 mm.; II, .o5 mm.; III, .18 mm.; IV, .065 mm.; V, .og mm.; VI, .o78 mm.; spur, .o3 mm.; length of wing, 1.89 mm.; total expansion, 4.0 mm.; length of nectaries,.o4 mm.; cauda, .15 mm. 64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Apterous viviparous female.—General colour yellow, tips of the antenne, tibia and tarsi dusky. Antenne six-segmented and not on antennal tubercles. Spur of sixth segment one-third as long as segment, fifth and sixth equal ; four shorter than five, and third as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth together; eyes undeveloped, nectaries as in alate form. Cauda and end of abdomen a little more pointed. Abdomen with three or four dorsal stripes.. Antenne, legs and body with numerous fine hairs. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.68 mm.; width, 1.09 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o5 mm.; II, ..05'mm.; III, .18 mmngave-e52 mm.; V,.065 mm.; VI, .o65 mm.; spur, .o3 mm.’ length of nectaries, .o4 mm.; cauda, .19 mm. This species was very abundant in the cotton fields on the roots of Cnothera sp. up to the time that the migration commenced, about the first of May. After the last of May very few specimens were to be found. A search was made for the summer host-plant, but without success. The first winged specimens were taken May 2, 1910. Georgia, n. gen. This genus is probably closely related to’ both Schizoneura and Pemphigus, and may prove to be the dividing genus. The wings are veined, as are those of the species which belong in Schizoneura, while the antenne are similar to those species belonging in the Lemphigus group. The stem mother has five segmented antenne, with a very short spur. Antenne of the alate females with six segments and a short spur, s¢gments three to five being more or less corrugated on the outer side, the corruga- tions being rudimentary sensoria. Front pair of wings with the cubital vein once forked. Hind wing with but a single oblique vein, which is sometimes forked about a third of the way from its base. Georgia ulmi, n. sp. Apterous stem mother.—General colour reddish-brown ; head short and dished, body oboval in shape. _Antennz short and with five seg- ments, the spur of the fifth being very short ; third longer than the fourth, fifth and spur; eyes small and apparently simple. Nectaries are but pores, cauda very short and broadly rounded. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.5 mm.; width, 1.17 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o4.mm.; II, .056 mm.; III, .15 mm.; IV, .07 mm.; V, .042 mm.; spur, .o21 mm, ’ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 Alate viviparous female.—General colour reddish-brown, head and thorax black, the third segment of the antenne and the femur of each leg dusky. the remaining segments of the antennz and the other parts of the legs are greenish-yellow. Antennz about one-third the length of the body and not on antennal tubercles. Spur very short. Third segment as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth together, and with nine to ten transverse rudimentary sensoria or elevations along the outer side. Fourth with four to six, and the fifth with three to five toward the distal end. Forehead slightly dished, body elongate, wings hyaline, with veins slender and dusky. Fore wing with venation as in Schizoneura, hind wing with one oblique vein, which is sometimes forked. Nectaries are but pores, with a slightly thickened edge. Cauda triangular and short. Body with a row of stna!l pores along each side of the abdomen, about six in number. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.85 mm.; width, .94 mm.; length of wing. 2.4 mm.; width, 1.88 mm.; total expansion, 4.6 mm.; antennal segments, I, .056 mm.; II, .056 mm.; III, .33 mm.; IV, .11 mm; V, .084 mm.; VI, .o7 mm.; spur, .or4 mm. The pseudo-gall formed by this species is made on one edge of the leaf, and is spindle-shaped in form, being about one-fourth of an inch in diameter, and from one to two inches in length. When first formed the leaves turn yellow, and then red, after which they drop off. Collected at Batesburg, S. C., spring of rgto. The second generation is winged, and migrate from elm during the early summer. THECLA CHRYSALUS, EDWARDS, AND ITS VARIETY CITIMA,, HENRY EDWARDS. BY WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK, NEWARK, N. J. On pages 374 and 375 of the November issue of the CANADIAN EntTomotocist, Mr. Karl R. Coolidge says: “I can see no need of retaining c/tima Hy. Edwards in our catalogues as a variety of chrysalus, since it is only an individual variant.” Having in my collection a very fine series of Zhecla chrysalus, I feel called upon to answer this remark. From a variation series of ten males and ten females which were selected from more than twice this number of specimens, I feel confident that c’tima may be held as a good varietal name for a geographical form of Zhecla chrysalus. In many specimens the orange markings of the upper side are completely wanting, and the ground colour of the under February, 1911 66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. side is of decidedly lighter tone, which is in accordance with the original description of ci#ima (Papilio I, 53), and with the type specimens in the Henry Edwards collection, with which I am familiar. My observations of this insect lead me to believe that in the south (New Mexico and Arizona) type chrysadus is found predominant with the rich orange markings, while in the north (Utah), whence I have a good - series of specimens, the orange markings are aborted and in many speci- mens entirely wanting. I think the form designated as citima as worthy of a varietal name as many other colour varieties of the butterflies. In the Colorado specimens it is, moreover, not unusual to find the black patch midway of the wing on the costa entirely wanting, and also the black scales along the costa reduced to a very fine band, thus leaving the entire disc of the primaries purple. Another interesting variation is a tendency in some female specimens to have yellow spots replacing the orange found in the type chrpsadus. “A DECISION ON MEIGEN’S 1800 PAPER.” BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. In concluding the article under the above heading, which appeared in the January number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the statement is made that “the Commission did not only not decide against my conten- tion,” (2. ¢., that the Meigen names of 1800 are nomina nuda), “but that the Secretary expressly says that the essential feature of the case does not lie within the jurisdiction of the Commission.” f This is an extraordinary deduction, in view of the fact that in the portion of the decision quoted it is stated that ‘the Commission is of the opinion that the generic names in Meigen’s Nouvelle Classification, 1800, must take precedence over those in his Versuch, 1803, in every case where the former are valid under the International Code.” Thus the names of 1800 are placed on the same footing as those of 1803, otherwise they could not take precedence over the latter. The status of the names of 1803 has never been questioned. It must be borne in mind that the Commission applies the term va/id only to the oldest available names of the various genera, not to synonyms or homonyms. In view of this fact, the statement of Dr. Stiles, that the question of the va/idity of the names rests with the specialist, becomes perfectly plain. None but a specialist could unravel the synonymy in a given-group. __ : - February, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 67 THE LITHOBIOMORPHA OF COLORADO. RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY, PROVO, UTAH. The records given in the present paper are based upon a study of collections made by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, chiefly in Boulder Co., and by the author during brief periods spent near Glenwood Springs (1904) and at Colorado Springs and Manitou (1910). The list is necessarily but partial, and when collecting for Myriapoda has been done in other sections the number of species will undoubtedly be considerably increased. Family Henicopide. In addition to the Lamyctes listed below, another member of the _ family will in all probability be found at upper elevations in the Colorado Mts. This is Zygethabius dolichopus Chamb., which has been found by the author in the Uintah Mts., as well as in the Wahsatch and Sierra Nevada Ranges. It may readily be distinguished from the Lamyctes by its larger size, by having the posterior angles of the ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates produced, whereas they are straight in the Lamyctes, and by having the tarsi all biarticulate instead of those of the first thirteen pairs being undivided. Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinett. Two specimens, agreeing fully with some from Wisconsin, IIl., etc., were taken by the author at Colorada Springs (Aug., 1910). Family Lithobiide. But one genus of this family is represented by the species thus far found within the State, namely, Lithobius. None of the species conforms to Monotarsobius, which Verhoeff would separate from Lithobius. Probably Vothropolys will be found in the western or north-western parts of the State, where B. bipunctatus and possibly also B. perimunda or an allied species may be expected. The following key will aid in showing the relations between species thus far known from the region. Key to Species of Lithobius. a. Angles of the 7th, gth, 11th and 13th dorsal plates produced. Articles of antenn 30-40 ; prosternal SMC RAN REIL fT tiara, 60: poy an Keke <6, we) a a's L. mordax Koch. aa. Angles of the gth, r1th and 13th dorsal plates produced. b. Claw of anal legs armed with a single spine or accessory claw at base. February, 1911 65 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. c. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. Spines of penult legs 1, 3, 3, 2; of first legs 1, 1, 15 claw of female gonopods entire .....Z. edipes Bollman. cc. Claw of penult legs armed with a single spine. Spines of penult legs 1, 3, 3, 1; of first, 1, 3, 1 ; claw of gonopods of female : tripagiites:. < {% s.2 a aeere L. harriete Chamberlin, bb. Claw of anal legs unarmed. Coxal pores transverse ; articles of antennz 33 to 43 or more ; ocelli 20 to°50. 22> bis... «a Oe ’ aaa. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. b. Claw of the anal legs unarmed. Spines of first legs 2, 3, 1-2, 3, 2; of anal 1, 3, 2, 1; claw of female gonopods entire,...........Z. jowensts Meinert. bb. Claw of anal legs armed with one spine at base. c. Articles of antenna 25-32. Spines of first legs 0, 1, 1 ; of penult-legs 1, 3, 3, 13 of anal 1, 3, I, 0-1, 3, 2,0.....Z. ¢ivius Chamberlin. cc. Articles of antenne normally 20-21. (Spines of penult leeS a 235 ot 2 oo d. Spines of anal legs 1, 3, 2, 0; penult legs armed with one spine at base ; spines of first legs 1, 3, 1; claw of female gonopods tripartite ; length, 12-16 mm..... L. dopaintus, sp. nov. dd. Spines of anal legs 1, 3, 2, 0; claw of penult legs with two spines; spines of rst legs 1, 1, I-I, 2, 1; claw of female gonopods mostly bipar- tite ; length, 7-8 mm....Z. coloradensis Ckll. Lithobius mordax Koch. A single male appearing to be this species has been examined from the State. It had lost the posterior pairs of legs. The species abounds in the States to the south-east. Boulder Co. (Cockerell). Lithobius edipes Bollman. A number of specimens, both males and females, were taken by the author at Manitou (rgto). The species was known previously only from- the type specimens which were from Arkansas. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 69 Lithobius harriete Chamberlin. _ Described originally from specimens collected some miles east of Glenwood Springs (author, 1904). Several specimens of the species have also been received from Prof. Cockerell, who secured them in Boulder Co. Lithobius forficatus (Linnzus). Numerous specimens were obtained by the author at Colorado Springs (tg10). The species will doubtless be found common in and about towns along the western sides of the mountains, and especially northward. This is the most abundant North American member of the genus, occurring throughout the northern sections, but not ranging into the southern States. Lithobius dopaintus, sp. nov. None of the dorsal plates with posterior angles produced. Articles of antenne 20. Ocelli about 15, arranged in four series: 1+e, 5, 3, 3. The ocelli of the most dorsal series distinctly larger than the others. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2. Last two pairs of coxe laterally armed, the last three pairs dorsally armed, Spines of the first legs 1, 3, 1; of the penult 1, 3, 3, 2, the claw armed with a single spine ; of the anal 1, 3, 3, 1, the claw armed likewise with a single spine. Coxal pores round, 4, 6, 5, 5. Claw of the gonopods of the female tripartite ; basal spines 2 + 2, apically bi- or tridentate. Length, 12-16 mm. Locality, Manitou (author, 1910). About a dozen specimens were secured. Apparently most closely related to Z. socius Chamb. of Utah. Lithobius tivius Chamberlin. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Articles of anteanze 25-32, but mostly 28 and 30. Ocelli mostly 8 or g, arranged in two series, which form a narrowly elongate patch: 1+ 4, 3-1+5, 3. Prosternal teeth 2 + 2. None of the posterior cox armed either laterally or dorsally. Spines of the first legs 0, 1, 1; of penult 1, 3, 3, 1, the claw armed- with one spine; of anal 1, 3, 1, 0 (mostly) —1, 3, 2,0 (rarely 1, 3, 0, 0), the claw armed with one spine. 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Coxal pores round, 3, 4, 4, 3. Claw of the gonopods of the female tripartite, one lateral lobe commonly small, and sometimes almost obliterated, leaving the claw bipartite. Basal spines 2 + 2: Length, ad 8 mm. Locality, Manitou (author, 1910). Numerous specimens, agreeing mostly with the desenamant above, were secured. These bring the species still closer to Z. exiguus Meinert, from which, however, all the western specimens examined seem to present constant differences. ’ Lithobius coloradensis Cockerell. Syn. Lithobius kochii Stuxberg, Bollman, 1888, Proc. U. S. N. M. Lithobius kochii, var. coloradensis Cockerell, 1893, Tr. A. Ent. Soc. | Lithobius kochii Stuxburg, Chamberlin, 1909 (in part), Ann. Ent. Soc. America. Reported from West Cliff (Cockerell, collector) by Bollman. Several specimens in bad shape, in having lost the last pairs of legs, but seeming to be this species, were secured by Prof. Cockerell in Boulder Co. and sent to the author. The specimens seen, upon careful study are found not to be identical with the California form. Lithobius jowensts. Meinett. Syn. L. bilabiatus Bollman (nec Wood), 1887, Proc. U. S. N. M. L. bruneri Kenyon, 1893, CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. No dorsal plates with angles produced. Antenne with 20-25 articles, the number of articles of the left antenna exceeding those of the right in the Colorado specimens examined. Ocelli about 14, in 4 series: 1+ 4, 4, 3, 2 Prosternal teeth 2+ 3-3 + 3. Last three pairs of cox dorsally armed; last two pairs laterally armed. . Spines of 1st legs 2, 3, 1-2, 3, 2; of penult 1, 3, 3, 2; the claw armed with two spines ; of anal 1, 3, 2, 1, the claw unarmed. Coxal pores round, 3, 4, 4, 3. Gonopods in female with the claw entire ; basal spines conical, 2 + 2. Length, 11-15 mm. Locality, Manitou (author, 1910). Several specimens agreeing essentially with the. description above -were secured. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 SUBSCRIBERS to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are reminded that the annual dues of one dollar were payable last month. Remittances should be made by post office or express orders, and should not be made payable to the Editor, but to THE ENTomoLocicaL SociETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH, ONT. BOOK NOTICE. THE DETERMINATION OF DOMINANCE AND THE MODIFICATION OF BE- HAVIOUR IN ALTERNATE (MENDELIAN) INHERITANCE, by conditions surrounding or incident upon the Germ cells at Fertilization. By Wm. L. Tower (Biol. Bulletin, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, rgro). Prof. Tower has been engaged in an evolutionary study of the genus Leptinotarsa since 1895. In 1906* he published extensive data concern- ing this group from a number of points of view. The most interesting part of the results made known at that time was the production of new forms by exposing the beetles to extreme conditions of temperature and moisture during the period of the growth and maturation of the germ cells. The new forms were bred under normal conditions, and bred true in every case. All of the new forms (or nearly so) occur under natural conditions, either as distinct species or as extreme variants (sports). The new forms were obtained in varying proportions. In the best experiment all of the progeny (those that reached the adult stage) were of the new type. In the present article Prof. Tower has given the results of a series of experiments to determine the effect (as shown in succeeding generations) of external conditions on hybridization. Here, also, extreme conditions of temperature and moisture were the factors. The contrasted characters in the beetles crossed were such as gave under certain conditions (normal ?) typical Mendelian proportions in the second generation after crossing. In crosses between ZL. signatico/lis and ZL. diversa the results varied, depending upon the conditions during mating, from one in which the offspring of the first generation were all true hybrids, as shown by a splitting into three groups in the second generation, to one in which all the offspring of the first and succeeding generations were entirely like the femaie signatico//is parent. In crosses between ZL. undecimlineata and L. signaticollis the results were similar, but more complicated, owing to there being three pairs of contrasted characters instead of a single pair. *W.L. Tower, Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa. Carnegie Institution, Publication No. 48. =~! le THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, These results, as published, are marred by contradictory statements. in reference to one of the experiments. Briefly, the result of the second part of Exper. No. H 409/411 should be, and is stated to be, the same as the result of Exper. No. H 410, but the result described on p. 295 and figured in Plate III is anything but that of H41o! The article being a preliminary one, many of the details are very meagre. This is especially the case with regard to the duration of the peculiar conditions and with regard to the conditions (normal ?) under which the subsequent generations were bred. The title of the article calls for peculiar (varying) conditions at fertilization. In most cases the author states that the species were crossed or mated under the conditions, but in one case he states that the eggs developed under the conditions. This permits of the results being in part purely ontogenetic. Some of the results appear to indicate this. However, the interaction between the two germ plasms might be assumed to continue throughout the ontogeny. In that case a longer duration of the stimuli would be advisable. In the previous experiments the different kinds of progeny were iso- lated and bred separately (Experiments in Analysis). In another series of experiments the species were permitted to hybridize freely under diverse natural conditions, and these are called Experiments in Synthesis. Crossing between ZL. undecimlineata and L. signaticollis at Cuernavaca resulted finally in the complete disappearance of the former species. The same cross at Paraiso resulted in the disappearance of Z. signaticod/is. In experiments with Z. decemlineata, L. oblongata and L. multiteniata, conducted at four different places, a single type, which bred true, was obtained 1n each case, but of the types obtained no two were alike. The type at Balsas was a complex of the three species used. The type at Escamela was an intermediate between Z. decemlineata and L. oblongata. The type at Tucson was a variable one, with the characters of decem/ineata dominant. The type at Chicago appeared to be pure decem/ineata. Subse- quent cultures of these types (with the exception of the last) gave sporadic variants (2-34), which were reappearances of ‘characters or combina- tions thereof that went into the cross.” Tower compares these with De Vries’ @nothera mutants, and states that they behave in a similar fashion. The author maintains that the variable outcome of these crossings under natural conditions is the result, not of any process of natural selection, but of some process of hybridization, which is influenced by the external con- ditions. He states that this view is fully borne out by experiments in which the selective factor was eliminated.—[A. G. HunrsMan, Biological Dept., University of Toronto, Mailed February roth, IQil. .- The Ganadiay Eutomolagist. VoL. XLIII. LONDON, MARCH, roir. No;,%3 GEOMETRID NOTES ON THE GENUS AYDRIOMENA, HUB. BY L. W. SWETT, BOSTON, MASS. As I was unable to identify material in this group, and realizing that the species were badly mixed, I decided to try to straighten them out. First, I was puzzled by the markings, I could find little constancy and every style of variation ; secondly, in similarly marked species every variety of colour occurred, which made the specimens so different looking that I did not dare call them the same. Starting wich the first species of Hydriomena in Dyar’s List, namely, Yydriomena sordidata Fab., I was struck with the variability of colouring and markings, aud realized that I must depend on something more constant than markings to separate such an unwieldy mass of specimens. The genitalia, an important character, I was unable to study much, as most of the material at my disposal was loaned, so that I could not proceed very far, but I noticed that the palpi of certain species seemed to be of approximately the same relative length, «lowing for variation in size of specimens. This set me on the right path, as I found that by grouping certain species with palpi of the same length [ could follow the variations in colour, and that there seemed to be a regular colour scheme in variable species, so that by knowing the colour of the type specimen I could predict the variations to a ceita'n extent that ought to occur under the species. The colour scheme suggested itself to me from a French author’s work on another group, and I found I cou'd apply it here. Mydriomena sordidata Fab., or more properly furcats Thunberg, Diss. Ins. Suec., pt. 1, Dec. 11, 1784, has priority over sordidata Fab., Ent. Syst., III, pt. 2, p. 185, 1794, which my kind friend, Mr. Louis Prout, first points out in the Entomologists’ Record (l.ondon). Vol. 9, p. 84-87, April, 1897. Aydriomena sordidata Fab. does not become a synonym, as it is a green variety of furcata Vhunb., and should be listed so. An excellent figure of furcata is given, tab. 3, No. 10, and ‘jt is strange that the older authors did not recognize this. The colour scheme of //ydriomena furcata \hunb. is as follows, and applies to the other variable species : 1, cinereous or gray ; 2, greenish; 3, reddish ; 4, yellowish ; =, suffused ; 6, mesial space white. 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. All these colours may cccur with or without the dark bands, or there may ke combinations. ‘The first five colours seem to be most commonly met with, the white-banded form being the rarest. Now, according to my theory, we should find all the above variations of colour with palpi of approximately the same length; which we do find ; and this enabled me first to see my way clear through the variations. Food-plints, I feel sure, play an important part in the colour variation, as does altitude; mountain- ous forms varying more than lowland. I should like to make the revision more:complete by comparing the life-histories of the American specivs with those of the European, and also the genitalia, but untl this can be done my work will remain rather crude, but, at any rate, a ready means of grouping them. ‘The specimens examined were mostly loaned, so that is why I have done so little work on the genitalia, and it may be possible that the true furcata Thunb. is not found in North America, the variety guinguefasciata Pack. taking its place here. This point can be, perhaps, decided on a more complete ‘comparison with the European form. The length of the palpi seems to be a very. constant character, and I examined some six hundred specimens. It is surprising that the older authors like Packard and Guenée failed to notice this, Packard having lumped species with very long palpi, such as glaucata Pack., distrioata Zzll., with such species as nubilofas-iata Pack. and furcata Thunb., in which they are short. AMydriomena furcata or its variations have never been taken in New England, and I should say are strictly western. Just what the boundaries are I cannot say, as the species have been so confused. I notice one difference between European and American forms of furcata, that is the basal band is heavier and wider in the latter than in the Euro- pean form, but I would hesitate to separate them on such slight differences. Both forms have sometimes a white streak on inner margin of fore wings, but this is not always present. Taking the species of Dyar’s List, and applying my palpi and colour scheme they would arrange as follows : I. Hydriomena furcata Thunberg, Diss. Ins. Suec , pt. 1, 1784. —sordidata (of authors) not Fab. Short palpi, cinereous ground colour. The true furcata (like fig. 10, table 3) may not occur in North America, as I have not seen a specimen exactly like the European form, and the forms seem closer to guinguefasciata Pack. than furcata. If itis found here, the. west will probably be jts home, as none of the varieties THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. io or typical form are recorded trom the east. //pd. furcata is more heavily speckled than guinguefasciata Pack., and the extradiscal line is much narrower after it leaves the costa than in guinguefasciata, where it is heavy and broad the entire distance. I saw a ¢ in Dr. Barnes’ co.lection from Arrowhead Lake, B. C., July 16-18, which seems nearer to tvpical furcata than anything I have seen. It is not unlike German and Iceland specimens in my collection. ‘There seems to be some doubt in the Rev. Geo. W. Taylor’s mind whether we get the true furcuta here, and I am inclined to agreed with him, yet they run so close in markings as to be difficult to separate, and I shall leave them as listed until I can study the genitalia and compare the life-histories, which must be done to complete my work, as it is, in a way, superficial. Var. (a) edutata Hiib., Schmett Eur., 224 (post 1797). This is a synonym of furcata Thunb. according to Mr. Prouvs and my own views, and should be dropped from our lists. Var. (a) guinguefusciata Pack., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, XIII, Pp. 397, 1871, Monog. p. too, 1876. Short palpi, smoky bands, clear discal space. This may be the North American form of furcaza if we do not get the European here, and it is a variety at any rate. ‘The figure in Packard’s Monograph, Plate VIII, fiz. 36, is exc llent. There is an error in fig 35, as this is not furcata nor a variety of it, but a green form of nubilofasctata Pack., which is in his collection and which I examined. The differences between guinguefasciata and furcata are in the former having a clear gray mesi:l space where the latter is irrorated, in the smoky bands of the former and form of the extradiscal or fifth band from body. Dr. Barnes has a g from Arrowhead Lake, Aug. 24-31, in which the bands are bluish instead of smoky, otherwise it is like guinguefasciata. 1 have seen a similar form from Calgary, July 24. This var. guinguefasctata is found probably through the whole Northwest, and does not vary greatly. Mr A. J. Croker, of Victoria, B. C., has a specimen from there, taken July 27, 1909, in which the white round spot of typical furcata appears in the middle of the fifth band of fore wing, near the inner margin. ‘The general colour is smoky-gray, and resembles a variety of sfeciosata Pack., and would be hard to separate were it not for the long beak-like palpi of the latter. The ground colour varies from greenish to reddish, the specimen Ihave from the Rocky Mts. seems more brownish. In the European var eties of furcata the extradiscal line tapers to a narrow line near the inner 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, margin, as a general rule, whereas, in the American, it is the same width from costa to inner margin. Packard’s statement that the outer margin is clei has 1 ttle weight, as it is so in most forms of furcata Thunb., except in var. ¢fuscata Staudinger, where it is smoky-brown, The type, one 9, Calif. (Behrens), is in the Packard collection. - Var. (B) virtdata Pack., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, p. 21, 1874. Monograph, p. ror, 1876. ~ Short palpi, greenish. - ; In his original description Packard calls attention to this form as being close to guinguefasciata, and he is quite correct, as it is a greenish variety of furcata Vhunb., and is almost exactly like German examples of var. sordidata Fab., which is the green form of the European variety. Variety viidata may sink later.to a synonym of sordidata if we get the true furcata here. The palpi of the type are on!y moderate, and not long as Packard states, and the ground colour of the fore wings is greenish- yellow. The type, t 2, Calif. Behrens), isin the Packard collection and very perfect. Z Var. (C) sordidata Fab., Ent. Syst., III, pt. 2, 185, 1794. Short palpi, heavily irrorated, greenish. 4 This green form [ retain in our lists until it is. proved that the Euro- pean one Goes not occur here, but if it does, then wridata Pack. will become a synonym of var. sordidata, There 15 very little difference be- tween tie ‘wo in the markings, but until the genitalia are studied we cannot be certain as to tieir standing. Hyd. sordidata in Europe is said to feed on the willow, but we have no records of the food-plint of viridata here. Mr. Fred. X. Williams, of San Francisco, sert me a specimen from there, captured May 12th, 1909, that is very close to specimens in my collection from Germany, except that the basal line is broader, as is also the extradiscal, and straighter, which may be the differentiating point between the North Americanand European forms. So sord:duta becomes a variety and not a good species, on account of Thunberg’s priority. Var.-(D) resecta Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., rg10. Short palpi, reddish ground colour. This is the red form of furcata Thinb., and corresponds to the European, red variety, festaccafa Prout, only the markings are same as in Jurcata. This is very similar to //yd. reflata Grote, only the latter is gray and has a broad black mesial band where sesecta is reddish, and has a narrow mesial band, which also distinguishes it from the red variety of refata. which sometimes occurs in Arizona. This form resecta THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77 is deeply suffused with red, and sometimes has the typical white spot near outer portion of fore wing, but always has narrow mesial band. I imagine this variety is not very commonly met with, as I have seen only short series and mostly from California. Var. (E) peric/ata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., 1910. Short palpi, suffused. This is the smoky, suffused form of furcata Thunb. The type speci- men is speckled with green, but probably in specimens not so perfect, the green colouring may not be so prominent. This is reiated to var. infuscata Stgr., of Europe, and holds the same position, only it lacks the smoky-brown of the Iceland specimens before me and is more like a melanic form than the European. The bands are as in typical /furcata, only the basal is broader. Var. (F) a/bifasciata Pack., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sci., p. 41, 1874. Previously figured Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, XVI, pl. 1, fig. 5, 1874. Monograph, p. 97, 1876. Short palpi, greenish, white mesial space. Mr. G. W. Taylor, of Wellington, B. C., first separated this variety from the genus Zuchoria Hulst, and pliced it correctly as a Hydriomenid, but stopped there (Ent. News, p. 310, July, 1907) Where to place it is the next question. It has the short palpi, so will go in the short palpi group, and remembering that furcata Thunb. has a white-banded form in Europe, it seems not unreasonable to suppose this is the white-banded variety of our species. I so place it according to palpi and colour scheme, and I notice Mr. L. B. Prout does the same in his article, Ent. Record (London), Vol. IX, p. 84-87, April, 1897, and was the first to so place it. I did not put it there on that account, but because of the relationship to the white-banded fusco undata Donov. of Europe, which it somewhat resembles: the only difference being the course of the extradiscal line of fore wing, which runs out almost to outer border at vein 4, while this does not occur in the European form. Thus, a/é/fasciata Pack. becomes a variety of Surcata, and in this | believe I am quite correct, as the white mesial] space would show. ‘This colour variety may be caused by its food-plant, as var. fusco- undata Donoy. is said to be produced by feeding on the bill-berry, but there is no record of the food-plant of a/b/fasciata so far as I know. Rev. G. W. Taylor and Mr. Grosbeck both suggest that reflata Grote and abacta Hulst may be synonyms of a/b/fasciata Pack., but after comparing ty pes with specimens in my collections, there are differences which | will puint out later in the revision. On _ page 310, July, 1907, Ent. News, 78 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Rev. Taylor says it is nota variety of sordidata Fab. ‘This is true in a measure, as sordidata is only a variety itself. The suffused green colour with white central band wil distinguish a/b/fasciata from any variety. It is closest to var. vudnerata of Swett, but in the latter the green is replaced by red and has more bands on the fore wing, there being a inarginal band in vudnerata. Type, t 2 from Calif., in Pack. coll. ‘This includes all the varieties under /wrcata for the present, and the others listed in Dyar’s Catalogue under sovdidata Fab., such as g/aucata, bistrivlata, nubtlofas- ciata, are all good species and go into other groups, as i intend to show Jater. Next after furcata and its colour varieties comes a very closely- aliied species, Hyd. reflata Grote. ’ 2. Hydriomena reflata Grote, Can. ENT., XIV, 186, 1882. Short palpi, grayish. This species has been a stumbling block for all of us, as the types in the Brooklyn Institute of Sciences (Neumoegen coll.) were unknown for some time to specialists. Rev. G. W. Taylor (Ent. News, July, 1907, p. 310 and 311) says a/bifasciata Pack. is very close to this, which is true, but the following differences can be distinguished, as I have just returned from examining the types of both. The mesial band or second band from body is very broad and black. Mr. Grote makes special mention of this. and it is constant in all specimens I have see so far, and the general colour is gray, where the mesial band in addifuscfuta is very narrow and the general colour is greenish with white mesial space. ‘There is a cone- shaped projection in the extradiscal band which is not found in alb/fase’- ata. Dr. Barnes has a beautiful red variety of reffata from Arizona, male and female, but the wide black mesial band is constant as in the types. Specimens from Arizona and Victoria, B. C., both show this striking black band and cone-shaped projection, which I do not find in adbifasciata. 1 place reflata Grote as a good species on account of these differences, and because it has a red variety with the characteristic markings. The white spot near the outer margin would tend to show that it is an allied form of furcata, so I place it to follow furcata. Mesoleuca abacta Hulst, described in Can. Ent., Vol. XXX, p. 117, 1898, was said to be a Hydriomena by Mr. Grossbeck in Trans. Am, Ent. Soc., XXXIII, Nov., 1907, and would probably be a synonym of refata Grote. This is quite true, as I have a photograph of the type sent me by Mr. Grossbeck through Prof. J. B. Smith’s kindness, and it is the same as reflata, the broad black mesial band showing plaiply. The specimen in Brooklyn is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘79 also the same, so abacta Hulst becomes a synonym of refata Grote. There is a type in the National Museum, 3924, which I did not see. ‘Types of reflata Grote, 1 f and 1 Q, Arizona, coll. of B. Neumoegen, Brooklyn Institute. 3. Hyd. nubilofasciata Pack., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIil, p. 398, 1871. Monog., p. 98, pl. VIIL, figs. 31 and 35. Short palpi, yellowish. This is a good species and not a variety, as Packard placed it, being distinct in its size and markings from furcata. It is incorrectly spelled in Dyar’s Catalogue. The marginal band on fore wing separates it from any other species ata g'ance. ‘The type have yellowish ground colour with reddish shading in the mesial space, and it looks rather different from all other species and varieties. It is closely allied to furcata Thunberg, so I placed it to follow reffata. Prof. Packard’s plate in the Monograph clearly shows the markings, and I think most collections have this form correct, but it is a very variable species, and according to my colour theory has the same varieties as fuscata, which are as follows: The types, ¢ and ? (Edwards & Behrens), from California, are in the Packard coll. at Cam- bridze. I have specimens from Oregon, Arizona, California and British Columbia before me, showing that it occupies a wide range of territory. Var. (A) raptata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., rgto. Short palpi, greenish. This is the green form of nuhilofasciata according to my colour scheme, and the markings are the same as type, only the ground colour of the fore wings is green, without any other shading, making it look quite distinct. Var. (B) scalata Warren, Nov. Zool., p. 519. Vol. II, 1904. Short palpi, green, red shading. I believe this to be a colour variety of nudilofusciata, as the latter is found in the type locality, Mr. Marloff sending me specimens from Oregon. Mr. Warren, in his description, speaks of the characteristic marginal band whicn is found only in nzudbilofasciata, the difference being the colour of the fore wings of sca/ata, green with red shading. Types, 2 f’s, Gold Hills (Biederman) ; the size, 38 mm., is rather puzzling, as the type is small. Var. (C) cupidata Swett, Can. Ent., XLII, Aug., 1gto. Short palpi, reddish. 80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, This is the red form of nudbilofasciata, and corresponds to red form resecta Swett, of furcata Thunb,, for the marginal band separates them, as it does in all forms of nudilofasciata. Var. (D) cumulata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., tgto. — Short palpi, suffused. This is the suffused form of xudbi/ofasciata, and should be so placed. It resembles slightly var. inter-fuscata Staud., of furcata, and corresponds to this variety, but the marginal band on fore wiags separates them. Var. (E) vulnerata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLUI, Aug., rgto. Shert palpi, white-banded. This is the white-banded form of zudi/ofasciata, and corresponds to fusco-undata Donov. of Europe, and is closer than to the American variety of furcata, form albifasciata. The ground colour of vudnerata is reddish, with snow-white mesial space. Var. (F) sparsimacula Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X XTER pres 1896. K Short palpi, marks on costa onlys I saw a specimen of sparsimucuda marked ‘‘type,” in the handwriting of Hulst in the Brooklyn Institute, agreeing with a photograph of the type in the Hulst collection at New Brunswick, and this is a variety of mzbdz/o- fasciata, being greenish, with the bands showing at costa only. It is possible these are rubbed specimens and not worthy the name, but it is best to give it the benefit of the doubt until a series can be examined. Types in Brooklyn Institute and New Brunswick are labelled “Calif.” Mr. Hulst says in his description, “near cadiforniata Pack.,” but it resembles neither this species nor g/aucata, both of which belong to other groups. 4. Hyd. manzanita Taylor, Can. Enr, Vol. VIII, also Grossbeck, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. X, Sept. rr, 1908. Short palpi, gray. This is the long-winged species, and not to be confused with any other. Mr. Taylor kindly sent specimens from Victoria, and I have seen them from other localities, and I do not see that they vary, all being a dull gray. r 5. Hyd. cochiseata Swett, CAN. ENT, July, 1909. Short palpi, gray, white mesial space. This is a large species, and does not resemble any other so far as I can see. The wide, white-banded mesial space would make one imagine THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SL that it might be the white-banded form of some undescribed species. Mr. Broadwell has another specimen in which the central! band is suffused, and the whole insect has a grayish appearance. ‘Types, 2 ¢’s, in Mr. Broadwell’s coll., Newark, N. J. 6. Hyd. pernotata Hulst, Can. Ent., XXX, p. 117, 1898. Short palpi, gray. Said by Dr. Dyar “to be Hyd. magnoliata.” This species seems very hard to place, and as I have not seen the type, I cannot say exactly what it is like, but, according to the description, it belongs to the short-palpi group. The type is from Fort Wrangel, Alaska, and is in the U. S. National Museum. 7. Hyd. irata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, p. 280, Aug., 1910. Short palpi, gray, reddish suffused. This is a very peculiar species, and looks almost exactly like cadv- Jorniata Pack., except that it lacks the longer palpi and has subdentate antenne. It also resembles var. perfracta Swett, of autumnudis, but differs again in the antenne and palpi, and also inthe black lines across the mesial space on veins 2 and 3. The peculiar antenne would almost seem to place it out of the sord:data group, as it really lacks the smooth flattened antenne of that group, in some specimens being very subdentate. No doubt this species has been confused with cad/iforniata Pack., but its earlier appearance (in May, where ca/tforniata flies in July) will also help to separate them. ‘The females appear to be quite rare, as Mr. Croker, who kindly sent me a series of males, stated that he took but one or two. This includes all the species and varieties of the short-palpi group so far as known. By “short palpi,” I mean hardly projecting beyond the head, or « mm. in length. The “mesial band” is the group of three bands forming the basal, second and intradiscal. The mesial space is the area between intradiscal and extradiscal lines. In regard to the colour varieties, I am opposed to giving every forma name, as it would fill up the catalogue unnecessarily, and I do it only where variable species could be confused, as it would be impossible to separate the species if this were not done, ¢.g., the red varieties of nubilofasciata and furcata, californiata and var. perfracta Swett, of avtumnalis. The colour scheme seems to work out well, and gives us the first means of separating an unwieldly mass of specimens, but the palpi seem to be the most important character, as we know in which of the three groups—short, moderate or long—to place it. There is possibly one change to be made later in the colour scheme regarding green and ycllow. I notice that specimens emerge yellow, while others, at first green, turn yellow after flying for some $2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, time. These two colours, therefore, might be merged under one, but the effect is so different in some cases that I believe it is better to keep them separated until they are better understood. I have made a key to the species and varieties which ought to make their classification fairly easy. I shall be glad to have any criticisms or corrections on my work, as it is impossible not to make errors on such a difficult group and one so little understood at present. i wish to thank the following gentlemen for either loan of specimens or help: Messrs. William Reiff, Barnes, Taylor, Broadwell, F. X. Williams, Grossbeck, Doll, Croker, Pearsall, Henshaw, Prout, Marloff and Bastleberger, and it is owing to their generosity ee I have been able to accomplish this beginning. SHORT: PALPI. GROUP. Var. Hyd. furcata Thunb. Syn. = (a) e/utata Hub. “ (B) viridata Pack. “ (C) sordidata Fab. “< (D) resecta Swett. 3 ms periclata Swett. “(I ) albifasciata Pack. (A) guinguefasciata Pack. } ces scheme cinereous. (a) fuscous, less irrorated, clear dis- cal space. *(b) green, smoke bands. (c) yellowish-green. (d) reddish. (e) s suffused. (f) white mesial band. a Lyd oe S Grav, wide black central band. Syn. = adacta Hulst. \ ; 3. Hyd. nubilofasctata Pack. Yellow, reddish cast. the shori-palpi group. Var. (A) raptata Swett. ““ (B) sca/ata Warren. “ (C) cupidata Swett. “ (D) cumulata Swett. * (E) vudnerata Swett. “ (F) sparsimacu/a Hulst. Hyd. manzanita Vay lor. . Hyd. cochiseata Swett. . Mya. pernotata Hutst. . Hyd. trata Swett. (a) green, suffused. (b) red and green, green shaded. (c) red. (d) suffused, smoky. (e) white banded. (f) marks on costa only. Gray, long fore wings. Gray, white banded. ’ Gray, red stained. Probably yd. magnoliata Gn. Gray, red shaded. This includes all the species and varieties that should be placed in long palpi groups. The others I shall treat of in the moderate and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 2H LIFE HISTORIES OF TWO LYC4ENID BUTTERFLIES. BY E J. NEWCOMER, PALO ALTO, CAL. Chrysophanus sere Bdv. Nothing has hitherto been written on the early stages of Crryso- phanus sere, except a short description of the egg, made from a single specimen by Mr. K. R. Coolidge, in Psyche, XVI, 31. This egg was collected by me at Deerpark, Placer Co., Cal., in 1908. It was the only one found. and I did not at that time have the leisure to hunt for others. However, I spent six weeks in the same locality during the summer of 1909, and determined, if possib!e, to work out the life-history of this species, which is quite abundant in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. ‘The one egg I had found (I saw the female lay it), was on an inconspicuous plant not over eight or ten inches high, growing on a flat place among other species of plants of the same general size and appearance. In 1909 I looked over the ground and decided that the food-plant of sere was one of two species. A careful search for eggs on these two species revealed none. I then watched every female I came across, and one day was rewarded by seeing a female lay an egg, and it was on one of the two likely plants. I immediate!y captured several females and con- fined them under mosquito netting placed over growing plants of this species, which is Polygonum douglasii Greene. The next morning all that was left of the butterflies was a wing or two—ants had taken care of the rest ; but there were a number of eggs on the stems of the plant. By a repetition of this method I secured about sixteen eggs. These eggs were laid on July 27th and 28th. As they had not hatched when I returned home, I put them in a cool place to hibernate. The larve began to come out on February 15th, and the last one hatched latein March. I gave the first larve leaves of our common Polygonum aviculare, but they refused to eat them, and died in a few days. Several which hatched later, I tried on Rumex, and succeeded in rearing some of them. The young larva begins eating the shell of the egg at the micropyle, and makes an irregulir hole, through which it escapes. It does not con- sume the remaining eggshell. The larva, in its earlier stages, eats pits into the leaves, but in the last two instars the leaves are entirely devoured. The larve that I reared pupated about seven weeks after hatching, and the adults emerged two or three weeks later. Thus in one case the larval stage lasted 48 days and the pupal stage 17 days, making a total of 65 days from egg to adult. In another case the larval stage was 52 days and the pupal 14 days, making 66 days altogether. March, 1911 St THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Egg —Diameter, 0.85 mm.; height, o5¢ mm. ‘Shape depressed spheroid,”* ornamented with deep, polygonal pits, smallest and shallowest about the micropyle ; micropyle in a rather deep depression. _ Base of the egg flatand smooth. Colour pale bluish, the raised network about the pits white. ; Larva, First Instar.—Length, a little over 1 mm. _ Slug-shaped ; brownish-yellow, thickly covered, particularly laterally, with minute black dots. A row of long, dark -brownish, rough hairs on each side of the dorsal line, extending from segments 2 to 12, one hair to a segment in each row; another row of finer, shorter hairs laterad of this row, extending from segments 2 to g, the individual hairs caudo laterad of the corre- sponding ones of row t. A fringe of more delicate hairs on the lateral ridge, also a number of scattered ones on first segment. All these hairs proceding from tubercles of a shiny brownish colour, black at insertion of hair, . L. exiguus Meinert, dd. Spines of first legs o, 1, 1-1, 2, 1. Z. ¢ivéus Chamberlin. bbb. Claw of anal legs armed with three spines. c. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. Articles of antennze 20-31 ; spines of first legs 2, 3, 2; of penult legs 1, 3, 3, 1; of anal legs 1, 3, 3, 1-1, 222. enoths 0-0 MIM... .°s, L. cardinalis Bollman. 1. Lithobius mordax Koch. A species abundant in the south and south-east. Localities.—Tama, Iowa (common); Wisconsin (one young male, probably this species) ; Nebraska (Kenyon). Also reported from Winona, Minn. In 1887 Bollman reported the form from Indiana, but the following year eliminated it from the State list, referring the specimens which he had to the following species : 2. Lithooius tyrannus Bol\man. Localities.—Reported as common in Indiana at Bloomington, La Fayette, Greencastle, Salem, New Providence. 3. Lithobius juventus Boliman. Locality.— Bloomington, Indiana. 4. Lithobius howei Bollman. Localities.— Reported from Ft. Snelling and Winona, Minn., and from Bloomington, Kokoma and Dublin, Indiana. Lithobius forficatus (Linnzeus). The most common chilopod in the northern sections of the United States. It is exceptionally abundant throughout Wisconsin. 102 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Localities.— Peoria, East Peoria, Franklin Grove, Dwight and Ster- ling, Ill; Mongona, Boone, DeWitt, Marshalltown, Tama and Ogden, Iowa ; Kimball’s, Fond du Lac, Marinette, Eau Claire, Haugen, Devil’s Lake, Janesville, Ashland and Beloit, Wisconsin; Ann Arbor, Waters- meet, Powers and Menominee, Michigan. Also reported from Winona, Minn. {common), and from Lawrenceburgh, Greencastle, Connersville, Westfield and Bloomington, Indiana (common in northern section). 6. Lithobtus celer Bollman. Localities. —A specimen from Michigan and one from Wisconsin are referred provisionally to this species. There is considerable doubt as to their position. Both are not fully-grown males. , 7. Lithobius numius, sp. nov. Angles of the gth, rrth and 13th dorsal plates produced, those of the 7th plate also slightly extended. Antenne with 20 articles.- Prosternal teeth 2+ 2. - Last two pairs of coxe laterally armed, last three pairs dorsally armed. Spines of the first legs 1, 3, 1-2, 3, 1; spines of the penult legs 1, 3, 3, 2, the claw armed with two spines; spines of anal legs 1, 3, 2, 0, the claw armed with one spine. Coxal pores round, 3, 5, 5. 5- Gonopods of female with the claw tripartite or almost bipartite through the pronounced reduction or almost obliteration of one tooth ; spines 2 + 2. Length, 11 mm. Locality.— Haugen, Wisconsin. 8. Lithobius bius sp. nov. Angles of the 9th, rrth and 13th dorsal plates produced. Antenne with 20 articles. Prosternal teeth 3 + 3. Last three pairs of cox laterally armed; last four pairs armed dorsally. Spines of first legs 1, 3, 2; of penult legs 1, 3, 3, 2, the claw armed with two spines; spines of the anal legs 1, 3, 2, 1, the claw armed with two spines. : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 Coxal pores small, round, 3, 4, 5, 3. Length, 13 mm. Locality.—Saunders, Michigan. 9. Lithobius sexdentatus Kenyon. ~ Locality.—Sioux Co., Nebraska (Kenyon). 10. Lithobius politus McNeil. Localities.—Peoria, Ill. Previously reported from Ludington, Mich., and from Bloomington and Dublin, Indiana. 11. Lithobius cardinalis Bollman. Localities.— Reported from Bloomington, Westfield, Salem and New Providence, Indiana. 12. Lithobius bilabiatus Wood. Syn. L. tuber Bollman, Proc. U.S, N. M., 1887. L. malterris Kenyon, CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1893. Localities:—Grand Island, Neb.; DeWitt and Tama, Iowa; Rock Island and East Peoria, Iil.; Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin. Also reported from Winona, Minn., and from Bloomington, Indiana. 13. Lithobius jowensis Meinett. Syn. L. bilabiatus Bollman, Proc. U. S. N. M., 1887. L. bruneri Kenyon, Canap. ENT., 1893. A very common species throughout the region. Localities —Omaha and Fremont, Nebraska; Mongona, Boone and DeWitt, Iowa; Rock Is., Franklin Grove, Sterling, Peoria and East Peoria, Ill.; Watersmeet, Saunders and Menominee, Michigan ; Haugen, Marinette and Beloit, Wisconsin. Reported also from Ludington, Mich., and from Bloominton, LaFayette, Richmond, Greencastle; Salem, New Providence and Wyandotte, Indiana. 14. Lithobius proridens Bollman. Localities.—Reported from Bloomington, LaFayette, Richmond, Brookville, Salem, New Providence and Wyandotte, Indiana. 15. Lithobius pullus Bollman. ? Syn. L. dorsospinorum Kenyon, Canap. ENT., 1893. Localities. —Dwight, Ill. Also reported from Nebraska and from Bloomington, Indiana. 104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 16. Lithobius ho/zingeri Bollman. Localities.—Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin. Also reported from Winona, Minn. (common). 17. Lithodius minnesote Bollman. Localities —Haugen, Wisconsin. Reported from Ft. Snelling, Minn. 18. Lithobius trilobus Bollman. Localities. —Reported from Bloomington and Salem, Indiana. © 19. Lithobius exiguus Meinert. Localities. —Columbus, Neb.; Mongona, Boone, Marshalltown, Iowa ; Peoria, Dwight, Sterling, Ill.; Janesville and Beloit, Wisconsin. 20. Lithobius tivius Chamberlin. Localities.—Fremont and Omaha, Nebraska. The specimens present slight differences from typical ¢ivius, but probably represent the same species. HABITS OF S.\SER/INTAUS GEMINATUS SAY, AND-S. CERISYT RIRBYS Os I have sometimes taken the above two species here, night after night, in about equal numbers, “ playing” over water. The habit is a peculiar one, which I have not noticed in any other species. I sometimes find them singly, and sometimes five or six together, flying to and fro, close to the water at open places between the willows, in a creek which runs through my place, generally at places where the banks have been worn down by stock crossing. Their motion is not regular, as in the Hepialide, but varied and meandering, usually over an area of about 20 feet square or less. So close do they fly to the water, that in striking at them with the net I often splash in mud and water. Though they generally vary their flight a few feet if a net is thrown close to them, they are not easily driven away unless actually struck at and missed, and not always then. The flight lasts about half or three-quarters of an hour, commencing in late dusk, and jasting for some time. Often I have to use a lantern to see to catch them. Ifa light is shown too close to them, they just move away a few feet, as they do from the net. All I have caught in this manner have been males, but their behaviour has not suggested an assemblage to females. Nor do they seem to be drinking, as I very rarely see one dip. Mr. G. O. Day, of Duncans, B. C., tells me that his son mentions having noticed the habit in cerésyz. =F. H. Wottey Dob, Millarville, Alberta. “- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 INSECTS AND DISEASE. «THE PREVENTION OF MarariA,” by Ronald Ross, with contributions by other authorities. XIII—669 pp., with plates. (London: John Murray.) INSECTS AND Disease,” by R. W, Doane. XIV—227 pp., 112 figs. (American Nature Series, New York: Henry Holt & Company.) If the goal of civilization is the supremacy of man over the antago- ‘nistic forces of nature, then the part which the entomologist is playing in enabling the human race to reach that goal is no small one. No other branch of entomological study has drawn the attention of men, and in particular of statesmen, to the importance which insects play in the economy of mankind, as that which deals with the direct relationship of inseéts to man as the carriers of disease, When an insect-borne disease is responsible in India alone for an annual mortality of over a million people, when another-exacts a penalty of fifty thousand lives from the French-as a toll for cutting a portion of the Panama canal, and a third disease in,a few years results in the loss of over two hundred thousand lives in Central Africa, it is then that the importance of insects, as the necessary hosts of such.diseases as Malaria, Yellow Fever and Sleeping Sickness, is recognized. At the anniversary meeting of the Royal Society, held in December, Lord Robson gave an indication of the forcible manner in which these questions are appealing to men of to-day. He remarked that it is the man of science who is to decide the fate of the tropics, not the soldier or the statesman with his programmes and perorations, but the quiet entomologist. He is the man of science who above all others strikes popular imagination the least and gets less of popular prestige, but he has begun a fascinating campaign for the sanitary conquest of those enormous tracts of the earth, and before long he will have added their intensely fertile soil, almost as a free gift, to the productive resources of the human race. Coming from one who is not a scientist, this statement is all the more significant of the trend of opinion among our public men. The mosquito is shown to be the factor which _has prevented the opening up of enormous areas of Africa, and likewise the tse-tse fly by its attacks upon domestic beasts of burden; the flea is proven to be the means of disseminating the plague bacillus ; the house-fly is condemned as a serious menace to public health as a carrier of the germs of typhoid and other infectious diseases, and so the story is 106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, continued, the commonest creatures in our midst are proving to be our greatest enemies. Laveran’s discovery of the parasitic organism of malaria in 1880, and the subsequent demonstration seventeen years later by Ross of the part played by the mosquito in its transmission, have, as Prof. Osler has said, ‘‘a greater significance fer a greater number of persons than any single observation made in connection with disease.” The treatment’ for a subject whose literature stretches back over a period of more than two thousand years, would be an enormous undertaking, and the first of the two books under review does not attempt it. It treats of the prevention of the disease, based on the investigations which have been carried on in malarial regions since the author’s discovery of the part which the mosquito plays.