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CA SIR EDITED BY 2 th Se DR. E. M. WALKER, Biological Department, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO, EDITORIAL COMMITTEE : A. W. Baker W. H. Brittain L. Caesar | N. Criddle A. Gibson F. J. A. Morris R. C. Treherne A. F. Winn Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH, ONT. London, @ntario: The London Printing and Lithographing Company Limited 1918. LIST: OF CONTRIBUTORS: TO VO: ALDRICH, J. M., U. S. Bureaw of Entomology.............ccc:secsres0s0-08 WASHINGTON, DC. _ ALEXANDER, C. P., University.of Kansas....:.......:ccscsesecosevecereceoevs LAWRENCE, KANS. BAKER, A. C., U. S. Bureau of Entomology.........-200:c--cceccccsassectsenee WASHINGTON, D.C. BARNES) DR. Wi Manic meaner wee ..DECATUR, ILL. BEUTENMUDLGER: AWM citiicce iiss cctacsecoedennte iuliagsdetena eerie eee BLACKMORE; E. H., Provincial Musetura.iA.,:.crsssctsasscecestauseeoosees Victori 1895. Separable from the other species in having the second and third joints of the antenne equal in length. Recorded as occurring in Colorado and Dakota. Hadronema festiva Van D. Hadronema festiva Van Duzee, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. XXXVI, No: 2, p. 80, 1910. The only species of the genus having the third joint of the antenne longer than the second. Also readily distinguishable by the radically different colour markings. Mr. Van Duzee records its occurrence in New Mexico. Hadronema splendida, n. sp. Resembles festiva Van D. Head small, vertical, black with light markings next to eyes, near base of head, on the centre of the face, and below the antenne. Buccule bordered with white. Antenne black, third joint noticeably shorter than second. Pro- notum dark gray or black, callosities black, anterior border of pro- notum light. Scutellum red. Elytra greenish white, smoky at middle of corium, clavus smoky along inner margin, cuneus white except smoky at apex. Costal border of elytra whitish. Membrane smoky. Abdomen dark beneath but light at the middle.. Femora bright orange red, tibia and tarsi black. Size 3.8 mm. long, 1.2 mm. wide. Described from a female collected at Albuquerque, N.M., Aug., 1909, now in the U. S. National Museum. The peculiar colour markings readily separate this species from all others. ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 85 A NOTE ON THE OCCURRENCE OF ABDOMINAL SPIRACLES IN THE COCCID/Az. (HEMIPTERA). BY G. F. FERRIS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. ‘Abdominal spiracles have been noted in but a limited number of species of Coccida and when noted seem usually either to have been passed over as of no particular significance or to have been regarded as evidence that the forms possessing them are merely aberrant. Savage, (1) who has described the tracheal system of Monophlebus stebbingi var. octocaudata Green, seems to have be- lieved that the abdominal spiracles in this species are an adapta- tion to meet the needs occasioned by the extraordinarily large size of this particular insect. In a few cases they have been re- garded as of some taxonomic significance. The genus Perissopnet- mon Newstead was based partially upon the fact of their presence and they are noted among the generic characters of the genera Stigmacoccus Hempel and Cryptokermes Hempel, while Pergande based his sub-family Xylococcine partially upon them, stating (2) that, “In the true Monophlebine the abdominal stigmata are wanting or not observable: * : Newstead (3) stated in 1901 that abdominal spiracles are present in Stigmacoccus and Perissopneumon, but that, . . this peculiarity does not exist in any other Coccid,’’‘and Savage (ref. cit.) repeated this statement in 1914. As a matter of fact it was erroneous when first made for such spiracles had been recorded in the case of Cryptokermes brasiliensis Hempel, which was de- scribed in the same paper as was Stigmacoccus, in the case of Xylococcus betule Perg. and also in some of Maskell’s species of Celostomidia (=Celostoma). In 1903 Newstead (4) recorded the discovery of abdominal spiracles in certain species of Orthezia, stating that, ‘““The’presence of abdominal spiracles in the three - species of Orthezia hereafter described is a marked characteristic, and one which has not hitherto been observed in this sub-family of Coccide.’’ Here he was again in error, for the abdominal (1) Savage, R. E. The tracheal system of Monophlebus stebbingi var. octocaudata. Jn Bul. Ent. Res. 5: 45-7: pls. 5-9. (1914). (2) Pergande, T. Bul. 18, u.s., U. S. Dept. Agzic., Div. Ent., p. 26. (1898). (3) Newstead, R. Mon. Brit. Coccide, vol. 1:15. (1901). (4) Newstead, R. Mon. Brit. Coccida, vol. 2 : 227. (1903). March, 1918 86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST spiracles of Orthezia cataphracta (Shaw), one of the three species discussed by him, had been noted by List (5) in 1887 in an ex- haustive paper dealing with the anatomy of this species. How- ever, Newstead does, indeed, appear to have been the first to note their presence in any other species of this genus. As far as I am at present able to determine the following list includes at least the genera in which abdominal spiracles have been noted, although it probably does not include all the species, some descriptions not being accessible. In the subfamily Mono- phlebine there are recorded the genera Stigmacoccus: with one species, Perissopneumon (perhaps not a synonym of Stigmacoccus as it has been regarded) with two species, and one species of Mono- phiebus. In the Margarodine there are the genera Xylococcus with four species, Steingelia with two, Stomacoccus with one, some of the species of Margarodes, and at least two of Celostomidia. In the Dactylopiine there is but the monotypic genus Crypto- kermes. In the Ortheziine there are three species of Orthezia. On the face of these records it would appear that the presence of abdominal spiracles has indeed but little significance and their occurrence might well be taken as evidence of aberrancy, the more so as most of the species in which they are recorded are curious enough in other respects as well. However, an examination of even the limited number of species available to me for study has shown that these records are extremely misleading. In short, abdominal spiracles are present in several forms in which they have not been noted and are in all probability present in many others. The most surprising fact is that they appear to have been overlooked in such a well known species as [cerya purchasi Maskell, as well as in at least two other species of this genus. In J. pur- chasi Maskell two pairs are present, while in J. seychellarum (Westw.) and J. aegyptiaca (Dougl.) there are at least three. The original description of J. jacobsoni Green is not available and I do not know if they have been noted in this species, but in specimens from the Philippine Ids. (det. Cockerell) there are at least two pairs. In all these species the spiracles are situated toward the posterior (5) List, J. H. Orthezia cataphracta Shaw. Jn Arbeiten a. d. zool. Inst. zu Gratz, 1.: 5 : 201-278 : pl. 1-6. (1887). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 87 end of the abdomen. It is, perhaps, after all, not so surprising that they have not been observed for they are quite small and difficult to find among the many pores, spines and cicatrices, even in well stained preparations, but that they are really spiracles has been clearly demonstrated for it is possible to see the trachez proceed- ing from them. Three other species belonging to the Monophlebine are at hand, these including Paleococcus pluchee (Ckll.), Drosicha bur- meisteri (Westw.), (det. Kuwana) and Drosicha corpulenta (Ku- wana), and in none of these have abdominal spiracles been recorded. My single specimen of Paleococcus pluchee (Ckll.) shows at least one pair but is in too poor condition to decide whether or not there - are more. Both the species of Drosicha show seven clearly dis- tinguishable pairs. : Of the species of Margarodine in which these spiracles have not been noted there are at hand specimens. of Kuwania quercus (Kuwana) and Kuwania (?) zeylanica (Green). In the former there appear to be but four pairs, these being on the anterior segments, and in the latter there are eight, of which the posterior two are so much reduced as to amount to but little more than points of attachment for the trachee. In the Ortheziine abdominal spiracles have been seen only in the three species noted by Newstead, O insignis (Dougl.), O. cataphracta (Shaw) and O. urtice (Linn) but they are present in O. californica Ehrh., O. galapagoensis Kuwana and in an unde- termined species of which I have specimens. In O. californica | note seven pairs, but in the other two species examined by me the material is in too poor condition to permit conclusions as to the real number. Newstead apparently does not state the number in the species examined by him, but List has recorded seven pairs in O. cataphracta (Shaw). Newstead states that he has not been able’ to trace them in Newsteadia floccosa (De Geer), nor have I been able to find them in Nipponorthezia ardisie Kuwana. The monotypic genus Cryptokermes Hempel, which possesses abdominal spiracles, forms an extremely discordant element even in such an aggregation of disharmonies as the “subfamily Dacty- lopiine (of the Fernald Catalogue) to which it is now referred. Specimens of C. brasiliensis Hempel, (Mexico, det. Cockerell) are SS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST at hand and are sufficient to show that the species has been thoroughly misunderstood and that it cannot be referred to this subfamily. It is, in fact, a member of that group, whatever it may eventually be called, that includes the present subfamilies Monophlebine and Margarodine, although it cannot be referred to either of these groups as they are at present defined for it seems to combine the characters of both. I shall discuss the species at some length in a later note. The facts here presented are too few to permit of any very sweeping generalities, yet they are suggestive enough and I present them at this time, in spite of their fragmentary character, in order to call attention to them and to their possible significance. It will be noted that, with the exception of the species of Orthezia, all the forms in which these spiracles have been noted belong to the two subfamilies Monophlebine and Margarodine. Conversely, it is possible, if indeed not probable, that all the members of these groups will eventually be found to possess such organs. It, therefore, appears that we may have available a taxonomic element that has not been fully utilized and that may throw a considerable amount of light upon the relationships of these forms. Whether or not the presence of abdominal spiracles is any evidence of a close relationship between the Ortheziinee and the other two subfamilies remains to be seen, but there is some other evidence that the present division between the Mono- phlebine and the Margarodine is by no means as clear as it has been thought. The Board of Regents of the University of Minnesota at their meeting on January 18th elected Dr. W. A. Riley, of Cornell, Professor of Parasitology and Chief of the Division of Economic Zoology. Associate Professor A. G. Ruggles was, at the same time, appointed Station Entomologist, which position carries with it the office of State Entomologist. At the December meeting of the Board Professor F. L. Washburn, who has held the position of State Entomologist in Minnesota for nearly sixteen years, asked and obtained permission to be relieved of that position and its attendant police duties, and the action of the Board on the 18th was necessary to fill the vacancy thus caused. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 89 APHIS SALICETI (KALTENBACH), SIPHOCORYNE PASTINACZ:E (LINN.), AND’ ALLIED SPECIES. BY G. P. GILLETTE AND L. C. BRAGG, FORT COLLINS, COL. It is the object of the authors of this paper to give the results of their studies on a half dozen species of aphides that are quite similar in general appearance, and all but one of which have the willows for their winter hosts, in the hope that they will clear away some confusion and prevent further mixing of data. We believe we have the Structural characteristics and food habits well enough worked out so that these species may be readily separated, whether from their winter or summer hosts, by use of the following simple key: Cornicles cylindrical or slightly tapering. Pre-caudal spine on dorsum of 8th abdominal seg- (TS Fo Se Can en a A phis theobaldi, n. sp. No pre-caudal spine on 8th abdominal segment..A phis salicett. Cornicles distinctly clavate. With pre-caudal spine on 8th abdominal segment, Joints 4, 5, 6 and spur sub-equal......... Siphocoryne capree. Spur equal to joints 4, 5 and 6 com- US ak PS Se Re Siphocoryne essigt, n. sp. Without pre-caudal spine on 8th abdominal segment. Antenna shorter than the body...... Siphocoryne pastinace. < Antenna longer than the body.......... Siphocoryne grabhamt. - In order that others interested in these species may look up the literature readily, we are giving references to the more im- portant papers: Aphis saliceti Kaltenbach. = Aphis salicetit, Monographie der Fam. der Pflanzenlause, p. 103,. 1843. Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 118, 1857. Buckton, Monograph of British Aphides, vol. II, p. 52, 1879. Siphonophora salicicola, n. sp., Thomas, Bul. 2, III, St. Lab. Nat. Hist., p. 8, 1878. A phis salicicola, Monell, Bul. 5, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 24, 1879. Oestlund, Aphididz of Minn., p. 63, 1887. March, 1918 CANUTEND? VOLsE: PLATE I. A_theoba! di alate X80 salice alate X30 ed wes Sa te a sO OOS os" hic Ey aes er alate x80 9 apt X30 aie apt 10 x60 dale A. pastinacae = 17 (8019 090° 85658 4 grabham A_pastinacae atatae x30 19 alate x30 18 Figure 1—4, Aphis theobaldi; 5—6, A. saliceti; 7—11, Siphocoryne capreae; 12—16, S. essigi, n. sp.; 17—18, S. pastinacae; 19—20, S. grabhami. Original, Miriam A. Palmer Delineator. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 91 Aphis salicola, Cowen, Hemip. of Colo., Bul. 31, p. 121, 1895. Morgan, Jour. Exp. Zool., vol. VII, p. 301, 1909. Aphis salicicola, Davis, Jour. Ec. Ent., vol. 3, p. 490, 1910. Williams, Aphididae of Neb., Univ. Studies, vol. 10, No. 2, p. 55, 1910. _ Aphis saliceti, Theobald, Rep. on Ec.’ Ent. for 1912, p. 84 (theo- baldt). Aphis salicicola, Davidson, Jour. Ec. Ent., vol. 5, p. 408, 1912. Patch, Bul. 213, Me. Exp. Sta., p. 81, 1913. Siphocoryne saliceti,' Borner, Blattlausstudien, in Abhand, Naturwiss. Ver. Bremen, XXIII, pt. I, p. 164, 1914. Aphis saliceti, Van der Goot, Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Holland- ischen Blattlause, p. 225, 1915. The salicicola_of Thomas is undoubtedly a synonym of sali-: cett Kaltenbach, and the cases where the specific name is given as “‘salicola”’ are errors in spelling, Cowen being the first offender, and others following. This species is of special interest because of the cytological work done upon it by Dr. N. M. Stevens and Dr. T. H. Morgan. We happen to know this is the species that was worked with as specimens’ were submitted to us by Dr. Morgan for identification. It differs from the others mentioned in this paper in its habit of remaining upon the willows throughout the year, and seems not to. have an alternate summer host. It is also peculiar among the aphides, that deposit over-winter eggs, in that the sexual forms appear very early in the summer. We have taken the males and _ OViparous females at Fort Collins as early as June 20, and the eggs before the end of June. We know no other species approximat- ing it in this respect. Our records for the capture of the sexual forms are as follows: : Woods Hole, Mass., June 29, 1909, L. C. Bragg. Geneva, N. Y., June 30, 1909, C. P. Gillette. Fort Collins, Colo., July 14, 1910, L. C. Bragg. io ", ne 17, 1912 EC. Brage: ri = “June 20, 1912, L. C. Bragg. Lansing, Mich., July 12, 1912, C. P. Gillette. Fort Collins, Colo., July 30, 1912, L. C. Bragg. Manitou, Colo., June 14, 1917, L. C. Bragg. 92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST We also have viviparous lice in the collection taken as follows: Russia, 1893, N. Cholodkovsky. Mass., 1909, T. H. Morgan. Webster, Mass., June 19, 1909, L. C. Bragg. , Lyons, Colo., June 11, 1916, L. C. Bragg. Fort Collins, Colo., June 11, 1917, L. C. Bragg. Dr. Stevens,in her paper, referred to above, states that Kyber, in his paper on ‘‘Einige Erfahrungen und Bemerkungen iiber Blatt-— lause in Germar’s Magazin der Entomologie, 1815, records find- ing sexual forms of what was, undoubtedly, this species, on willow in June, and she also sevais taking the sexuales on June 29 at Harpswell, Maine. Aphis theobaldi, n. sp. Aphis saliceti Kalt., Theobald, Rep. on Ec. Ent. for 1912, p. 84. The presence of the pre-caudal spine, or produced eighth abdominal tergite,and the cylindrical cornicles, are characters that readily separate this species from the others mentioned in this paper. It seems to be the species described and figured by Theo- bald in his Report on Economic Zoology for 1912, page 84, and Plate XIII, and Figure 24. The species is one having alternate food habits, and may be described from our material as follows: Alate Viviparous Female. From specimens mounted in Canada balsam. Head, thorax, antenne, tarsi and distal ends of tibia, black or blackish; abdo- men greenish or yellowish; cornicles cylindrical, .28 long, or about as long as the spur of the antennz and yellowish in colour; cauda barely one-half as long as the cornicles; a short, blunt tubercle on the median line of the 8th abdominal tergite; antenne nearly reaching the base of the cornicles; 1.13 long; joint III with about 40 strong tuberculate sensoria and longer than joint VI with the spur; spur as long as joints IV, V and VI combined; length of body, 1.50; wing venation normal. Described from. specimens taken at Geneva, N.Y., July if 1909. A pterous Viviparous Female. From specimens mounted in Canada balsam. Colour, a uniform yellowish brown, probably green or yellowish green in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 93 life; legs, antenne and cornicles yellow, with tips of antenne and tarsi black; cornicles yellow and nearly cylindrical, slightly taper- ing and curved outward at the distal ends; .40 long, or fully as long as joint VI of the antenna with its spur; length of antenna, 1.20; joint III] without sensoria; cauda rather broad and spatula- like: or pre-caudal tergite, a somewhat knobbed tubercle, fully half as long as the cauda, projecting directly above it and bearing two prominent hairs; antenne and legs sparsely set with short, stout, blunt hairs that can hardly be said to be capitate; length of body, 1.60. See figures. Described from specimens taken along with the alate vivi- parous females at Geneva, N.Y. Both alate and apterous forms, in every respect like those de- scribed above, were taken at the same place and date on flower heads of Heracleum species, and we have also taken it from celery, Webster, Mass., 6, 19, 1909, so there can be little doubt but that this species also alternates between the willows and umbelliferous plants as in the cases of capree@ and essigt. Siphocoryne caprez (Fabricius). Aplus capree, Ent. Syst. Nat., IV, 224, Syst. Ent. 217; Syst. Rhyng., p. 294, 1803. Kaltenbach, Monographie der Pflanzenlause, p. 109. 1843. Rhopalosiphum capree, Koch, Die Pflanzenlause mica p37, figs. 46-47, 1857 (not this species). Rhopalosiphum cicute, Koch, Die Pflanzenlause, p. 24, 1857. Rhopalosiphum pastinace, Koch, Die Pflanzenlause Aphiden, p. 41, figs. 52-54, 1857. Siphocoryne capree, Passerini, Gli Afidi, 1860. Siphocoryne pastinace, Buckton, British Aphides, vol. II, p. 24, 1879. . Rhopalosiphum salicis, Monell, Bull. 5, U. S. Geol. Surv., p. 26, 1879. Thomas, 8th Report St. Ent. III, p. 194, 1879. Siphocoryne salicis, Weed, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. XX, p. 297, 1893. 94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Siphocoryne angelice, (Estlund, Aphidide of Minn., p. 70, 1887. Rhopalosiphum capree, Gillette, Jour. Ec. Ent., vol. IV, p. 320, 1911. Siphocoryne capree, Theobald, Rep. Ec. Zool. for 1912, p. 87. Siphocoryne capree, Essig., Univ. of Calif. Tech. Bull., vol. I, No. 7; p: 342, 1917. Siphocoryne essigi, n. sp. Hyadaphis pastinace, Essig, Pomona Jour. of Ent. 1911, p. 534. This species which was well described and figured by Essig, differs from pastinace by having the pre-caudal spine, and from capree by the long antennal spur and in other ways. Siphocoryne pastinacez (Linn.). Aphis pastinace, Fauna Suecica, p. 259, 1761. A phis xylostei, Schrank, Fauna Boica, p. 107, 1801. Aphis pastinace, Fabricius, Systema Rhyngotorum, p. 269, 1803. Siphonophora pastinace, Buckton, vol. II, p. 24, 1879 (caprez). Hyadaphis pastinace, Schouteden, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belgique, p. 229, 1906. Hyadaphis xylostei, Davis, Jour. Ec. Ent., p. 493, 1910. Rhopalosiphum pastinace, Gillette, Jour. Ec. Ent., pp. 320-322, 1911. aS ant Rhopalosiphum xylostei, Gillette, Jour. Ec. Ent., p. 320, 1911. Hyadaphis pastinace, Essig, Pomona Jour. Ent., p. 534, 1911. Rhopalosiphum xylostei, Murtfeldt, Jour. Ec. Ent., vol. 4, p. 226, 1911. Syphocoryne pastinace, Theobald, Rep. on Ec. Zoology for 1912, p. 88. Syphocoryne xylostet, Essig, Univ. of Cal. Tech. Bull:, vol. I, No. 7; ps 324, 1907. : While Linnzus took his pastinace from Pastinaca sativa, and Schrank took his «ylostei from the European honeysuckle, Lonicera xylosteum, we now know that the latter food plant is an over- winter host for pastinace, and, as the descriptions of these species do not differ in any important particular, we believe xylostei should be considered a synonym of pastinace. Siphocoryne grabhami. Cockerell. Canadian Entomologist, vol. XX XV, p. 342, 1903. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 95 ODONATA OF THE RED DEER DISTRICT. (Continued from page 103, Vol. XLIX). BY F. C. WHITEHOUSE, RED DEER, ALTA. In the introduction to my original publication I expressed the opinion that it would be slow work to lengthen the Odonata list in the vicinity of Red Deer to any extent. This has proved correct during the 1917 season, since I have succeeded in adding but one species. From 11th to 19th July, however, I devoted my time to collecting at Nordegg, Alta., the site of the Brazeau Collieries Ltd., situated 120 miles due west and, I should judge, just within the Hudsonian zone. The result of such collecting so far as the Odonata are concerned, was to add eight additional species to my list, and these of such special interest as to warrant a supple- mentary article. Dr. Walker has kindly examined the material, and given the manuscript critical reading. As in the prior list, the first numbers are my series, and the second refer to the pages of Muttkowski’s catalogue. Coenagrionide. CGENAGRIONIN. 28-65. Nehalennia irene Hagen. July Ist, north end Gaetz Lake, Red Deer, I saw ‘a pair in coitu, but failed to take them. July 2nd, at the large slough north of the river, I captured a male and female. July 8th, 2 males at “‘run”’ of stagnant water west of Gaetz Lake. All the insects were of adult colouration, and all were flying down among the slough grass. I was not previously familiar with this species, which probably accounts for my failure to note it last year. However, I am convinced that it is not common in this district—at least around waters where most of my collect- ing has been done. New to Alberta list. 29-66 Cenagrion interrogatum Selys. At Nordegg, 19th July, 30 couples of this rare insect were taken in probably less than half an hour and within a space of 50 feet. In the morning in question my friend Mr. Kk. Bowman, of Edmonton, was giving the Lepidoptera a short respite and me his his kindly assistance. At one time we had five couples in our March, 1918 96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST nets, i.e., more than all previous captures of interrogatum up to that time. All the insects were fully adult and flying in coitu. Dr. Walker’s descriptions and illustrations of this species are so therough that little remains to ke said. In the long series, however, one very obvious colour variation attracted attention, viz., that in several of the males, dorsal view, the black marking nearest the thorax (segment 3) is not po:nted, but a plain black band. For three seasons I have been on-the lookout for interrogatum, cand have made a practice wherever I noticed insects of the genus flying to capture a few for examination. At the slough in question Lhad examined both resolutum and angulatum before coming upon the prize. Now that I have located the spot where the insect amay be described as common, it might be well to record it. It is the round slough north of the track, to be seen from the train just ‘before pulling into Nordegg. The water is about eighteen inches «deep and abounding with ‘“‘suckers.’’ The bottom is soft mud and free from weeds, though, at the margins, a slight fringe of reeds rises from the moss. A tamarack swamp adjoins the pond. Of the specimens taken I placed 12 couples in alcohol and jpapered the balance in pairs. New to Alberta list, and most westerly record. Libellulidz. CORDULIINE. 30-129 Somatochlora albicincta Burmeister. At Nordegg between 12th and 19th July I took some 18 amales and 3 females of this species. Of these two or three were captured at the top of what is locally known as Coliseum Moun- tain, 6,500 feet, cne or two at the camp 1,200 to 1,500 feet below, and the balance down in the valley, say 4,000 feet. On 19th July, 18 males and 1 female were captured at the round slough described above (see C. interrogatum) flying with S. hudsonica and C. shurtleffi. On that day I searched the mossy edges of the pond for nymphs and took a number of exuvie of 4shna eremita, which was in company with A. juncea, on the wing there and a series of what on circumstantial evidence should be S. albicincta. With regard to the adults of albicincta that I captured, there was one feature in the general appearance that immediately THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 97 enabled me to distinguish them from hudsonica, quite apart from the appendages, viz., the impression that the white bands are interrupted dorsally. 31-129 Somatochlora cingulata Selys. At the mountain camp at Nordegg on the evening of 14th July something flew by over the spring of water that looked like ‘a huge Somatochlora, with pink bands. Next afternoon among the small spruce on the mountain top I was sweeping with my net at a female of franklini at rest on a spruce, when something large settled about a foot away. I diverted the sweep of the net to take the larger fiy, for I had a good series of franklini and pre- ferred to settle the identity of the insect. Then I put my arm in the net and drew out my captive, a large Somatochlora with pink bands. The July number of the Can. Ent., vol. XLIX, containing Mr. Kennedy’s article on the cingulata group, had not arrived when I left Red Deer for Nordegg, and the insect was unknown to me. Of course, I realized that the pink bands were probably only teneral colouration, but that, and the identity of the insect could wait, what I must find was a male. But I saw no more Somato- chlora of the required dimensions that day, nor the next. On the morning of July 17th July (to be my last on the mountain) I found three flying together on the top, close to where I had taken the female, but I seemed out of luck. One I took a risky flying shot at and struck with the rim of the net. It went off into the empyrean. Another I missed at rest on a spruce, at least it did not wait long enough, but thoroughly frightened, also went off into space. The third I stalked, on and off, for three or four hours. It would rest on the small spruce frequently, the long abdomen hanging quite perpendicularly, but never would it give me the chance I desired, and I dare not take a risky shot. At last the moment came. At rest on the extreme tip of a spruce bough and not too high. I crept nearer and nearer; then struck up with maximum speed. I had him at last—yes, a beautiful young male just at his prime. During the next two days in the valley below, 4,000 feet, I saw no more of this species. The pair I took are in alcohol. New to Alberta list. 98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 32-130 Somatochlora franklini Selys. On the top of Coliseum 11th July I took 2 females of franklini flying with males of S. minor. It was not until the 14th that I captured any more, when [| got 4 and also four males. On the 15th I took more females, the 16th more males and females, and the 17th again females only. I have a good pair in alcohol, but the insects were mostly but passing from the teneral stage, and among the papered specimens the percentage of casualties is regrettably high. I did not take, nor see, any of this species in the valley. The wings of the females varied in the tinting considerably, due doubtless to some extent to the period since emerging. The darkest shade is best described a ‘‘smoky black.’’ Like all the Somatochloras that I took on the mountain franklini rested fre- quently on spruce, etc., but the fact must not be overlooked that all the mountain specimens of this and the other species were young insects. New to Alberta list. 16-131 Somatochlora hudsonica Hagen. At the round slough at Nordegg 19th July I took three males of hudsonica flying with S. albicincta and C. shurtlefi. Mr. Kennedy points out in his article (referred to above) that my 1916 cap- tures at Red Deer are the only record for this insect, except the original three types taken 1861 at Ft. Resolution, Hudson Bay territory. The dates of my 1916 captures were given in my prior list, those of 1917 are as follows: Red Deer, Ist July, 3 males at the same ‘‘run”’ of still water north of Gaetz Lake; and the 3 : males at Nordegg 19th July. In all I have, therefore, taken 13 specimens of .S. hudsonica, of which only one was a female. The Red Deer and Nordegg insects were of about the same age, ac- countable, of course, to the change from Canadian to Hudsonian zone. Mr. Bowman, who has studied this point somewhat care- fully in the Lepidoptera, informs me that he finds in the case of most species that occur both on the prairie and in the mountains there will be an average difference in appearance of two to three weeks. 33-131 Somatochlora minor Calvert. July 11th on top of Coliseum, Nordegg, 2 females, flying among THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 99 the spruce. From that date to 18th July I took 12 more males and 12 females. The captures of 18th July, a male and female, were taken at the slough by the Forestry Station in the valley, 4,000 feet. The insects were all fresh and some damage occurred to the papered specimens. New to Alberta list. 34-132 Somatochlora semicircularis Selys. At the camp, Coliseum Mountain, in the evening 16th July, I took a male at rest on a spruce. I immediately realized from the general appearance that the insect was distinct from the other somewhat similar species that I had been taking, i. e., franklinz. Not only was it larger and had a relatively greater wing spread, but the abdomen, flattening to some extent in the process, at- tained its greatest girth at segments 6 and 7, and tapered again to segment 10, while in franklini the most robust segments are 7 and 8, and the reduction in 9 and 10 very slight.” I have the specimen in alcohol. Semicircularis has previously been recorded from Banff and Laggan. 35-132 Somatochlora septentrionalis Hager. On the morning 18th July I had been collecting at the sloughs each side of the trail at the Forestry Station. At noon I was knee deep in slough when the Forestry Officer hailed me to come up to lunch. Dripping water, I climbed through the fence, and there in the enclosure I saw a Somatochlora flying in the shade of a Jack pine. If I had refrained from taking it from laziness, hunger or politeness, that fine male of septentrionalis would never have been captured, and I should not have taken eight different species of Somatochlora at Nordegg in nine days. The specimen is in alcohol. New to Alberta list.* . 36-132 Somatochlora walshii Scudder. A single female was taken on July 15th on the top of Coli- seum. It was mistaken for minor, which it resembles very closely except in the form of the vulvar lamina. Beside the 15 species of dragonflies dealt with, or indirectly *A female evidently of this species, though differing from the published de- scriptions and figures of septentrionalis in the form of the vulvar lamina was also taken by Mr. Whitehouse on the top of Coliseum on July 12.—E. M. W. 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST mentioned, in the foregoing, it might be well to record others observed at Nordegg between 11th and 19th July, viz., Lestes uncatus; 1 female on top of mountain; Ashna sitchensis, 2 males on top of mountain, Libellula quadrimaculata, numbers at slough at Forestry Station; Sympetrum rubicundulum decisum, common on top of mountain and in the valley, Leucorrhinia borealis 2 males on top of mountain; L. hudsonica, common on mountain top and in the valley. While the object of the collecting trip on the Coliseum Mountain was not solely dragonflies of the genus Somatochlora, the hopes of taking such insects was certainly one of the strong inducements. Just why I believed that I should find them on the top I do not know, and having found them another question presents itself. What are they doing there? It is not their true home as it is to the mountain-top butterflies Colias nastes, Brenthis astarte, etc., for these live there absolutely, and never descend to lower altitudes. In the case of dragonflies whether Somatochlora or any other genus this is clearly impossible, for there is no water. The insects must have passed the aquatic stages in the ponds, lakes, muskegs and creeks of the valley below, and with equal certainty they must return to the valley for ovipositing. I have already stated that all the insects taken on the mountain were young ones—many barely out of the teneral stage, and further that a male of S. minor would be found flying with females of franklini, and in the same way males of albicincta with females of minor. In other words they had not reached the stage when they must concern themselves with the next generation. My opinion, based on my observations, is as follows: that the teneral Somatochlora upon emerging aspires to higher altitudes and, judging from my captures at the camp, travels up the sheltering ravines in its journey to the top. Arriving there, it feeds; plays in the sun-lit glades of spruce or Jack pine; rests frequently and having reached the breeding stage once more returns to the valleys. This being the case it is clearly not necessary for the collector to work the mountain top at all. I think, however, that it may have one advantage, viz., that a representative variety of species, raised over a number of square miles of valley below, are con- veniently assembled within a limited area. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 101 LECTOTYPES OF HYMENOPTERA (EXCEPT APOIDEA) DESCRIBED BY ABBE PROVANCHER. BY A. B. GAHAN AND S.,. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D, C. (Continued from Vol. L, page 33.) Mesoleptus variabilis. (Faun. 1883, p. 759, not Nat. Can. 7, p. 115). Type.—Female, yellow label 682. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Mesoleptus variabilis. (Nat. Can. 7, p. 115, not Fauna 1883, p. 795). Type.—Male, yellow label 1080, name _ label Mesoleptus muliebris Cress. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Apical joints of hind tarsi gone. Mesostenus albicoxus. See Phygadeuon. Mesostenus albifacies. Type.—Female, blue label 553; yellow_label 1583. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair, some- what oily. Mesostenus apicalis. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Ichneuwmon finitimus Cress. - Mesostenus armatus. Type.—Female, Harrington Coll. Pink label ‘‘P. 416.” Mesostenus brevipennis. Type.— Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Mesostenus promptus Cress. This synonymy indicated by Provancher’s annotated copy of Fauna. Mesostenus collinus. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Cryptus eburneifrons Prov. Mesostenus flavipes. Type.—Male, yellow label 459. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Mesostenus jocosus. Type.—Female, yellow label 304. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks apices of antenne. Mesostenus latigaster. Type.—Female, Harrington Coll. Pink label ““P. 407.’ Abdomen broken off and when glued on covered propodeum. Mesostenus longicornis. Type.— Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec,, unless under Mesoleptus moveni Prov. Mesostenus nitidus. Not Grav. See Phygadeuon niti- dulus. Mesostenus nobilis. Type.—Female, yellow label 1049. March, 1918 102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Left antenna gone and apices of right wanting. Mesostenus pallipes. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Mesoleptus triangularis Cress. Mesostenus pluricinctus. Type.—Harrington Coll. Pink label ‘“‘P. 462." Dayis has labeled this Diacritus muliebris Cress. Mesostenus ruficornis. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Phygadeuon nitidulus Prov. Mesostenus ruficoxus. Type.—Not located. =provan- chert D. T. : Mesostenus rufocinctus. Type.—Not located. . Mesostenus sagax. Type.—Female, yellow label 522. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks left antenna and apex of right. Mesostenus saint-cyri. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Echthrus abdominalis Cress. Mesostenus tarsatus. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Cryptus americanus Cress. Metacolus conicus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1365. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Meteorus gracilis. Type.—Female, yellow label 1264. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Poorly mounted on tag. Antenne and right hind leg missing. Meteorus incompletus. Type.—Male, yellow label 1283. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Poorly pinned. Antenne broken. Meteorus politus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1266. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly pinned. Meteorus robustus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1265. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Poorly pinned, one antenna be- yond middle and hind legs at coxe, gone. Microctonus laticeps. Type.—Female, yellow label 1286; blue label 616. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Right antenna at 4th joint, front legs, right hind leg missing. Meteorus vigilax. Type.—Probably male, yellow label 565. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Abdomen gone. Allotype, female without labels. Microdus bicolor. Type.—Female, yellow label 905. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 103 Microdus dispar. Type.—Female, yellow label 1256(s). 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Poorly tag-mounted. Microdus nigricoxus. Type.—Female, blue label 656; yel- low label 1572. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Microdus quebecensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 581. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Microgaster auripes. Type.—Female, blue label 673; yel- low label 590. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. One antenna broken at middle. Microgaster brevicaudus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1167. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. One antenna broken at tip. Microgaster crenulatus. Type.—Male, yellow label 1577. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Left fore leg and left hind leg miss- ing. Microgaster lateralis. Type.—yYellow label 1306. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antennz, wings on right side and abdomen missing. ; Microgaster melligaster. Type.—Female, yellow label 1301. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antennz broken at tip. Microgaster 4-dentatus. Male, blue label 45, yellow label 1271. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Microgaster rubricoxus. Type.—Male, yellow label 1576. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne and right hind leg broken. Micromelus nigricornis. Type.—Yellow label 942. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Mictropis nebulosa. Type.—Harrington Coll. Monedula nigrifrons. Type.—Female, yellow label 1616. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Monedula parata. Type.—Female, yellow label 1617. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Monobia bicolor. Type.—Female, white label 61(s); yel-~ low label 1629. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Monodontomerus viridzneus. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Oligostenus stigma Fabr. Monophadnus pallipes. Type.—Female, yellow label 1675. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Mutilla canadensis. Type.—Not located. Myrmica incompleta. Type.—Not located. 104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Nematopodius coxatus. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Cryptus americanus Cress. Nematus decoratus. Yellow label 1541. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus. Quebec. Nematus fulvicrus. Type.—yYellow label 485. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Nematus tetraopsis. Type.—Yellow label 1673. 2nd Coll. Mus. Parlement, Quebec. Neuropenes ovalis. Type.—See Introduction. (Aphidiinz.) Neuroterus crassitelus. Type.—White label ‘“Cap Rouge, Canada;”’ yellow label 934. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Bad condition. Cynips (Neuroterus) crassitelus—under Cynips in Provancher’s catalogue. Neuroterus terminalis. Type.—White label 114; white label 72(s); yellow label 1593. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Nomia compacta. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec. Nototrachis canadensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 275. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne at scape and front legs missing. Nysson nigripes. Type.—Male, yellow label 1429. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Odontomerus canadensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 426. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks meet antenna. Male, allotype, without labels. Odynerus antillarum. Type.—Not located: Odynerus bimaculatus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1692. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Odynerus robustus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1708. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Odynerus tricolor. Type.—Male, white label 182, yellow label 1694. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Odynerus truncatus. Type.—Male, yellow label “1693. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Oenone sericea. Type.—Female. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Poorly tag mounted, right antenna broken at tip. Oligostenus bimaculatus. Type.—Harrington Coll. Ophion nigrovarius. Type.—Female, yellow label 273. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne, left hind leg beyond THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 105 ‘femora, right hind tarsus in part gone; abdomen broken off but stuck on pin below label. Allotype—Male, yellow label 322. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Opius cinctus. Type.—See Introduction. Opius macrocephalus. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under under Alysia rudibunda Say. Opius mellipes. Type.—n. n. for O. pallipes Prov. Opius nanus. Type.—See Introduction. Opius niger. Type.—See Introduction. Opius pallipes. See Introduction. Opius ruficeps. Type.—See Introduction. Opius variabilis. Type.—See Introduction. Orgilus detectus. Type.—Female, blue label 680, yellow label 1573. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Ormyrus bruneipes. Type.—Female, yellow label 1358. - 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Orthocentrus abdominalis. Type—Female, yellow label 357. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus. Quebec. Orthocentrus albofasciatus. Type—Male, yellow label 935. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks apices of antenne. - Orthocentrus canadensis.. Type.—Male, yellow label 356. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Orthocentrus carinatus. Type—NMale, yellow label 518. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Apices of antenne gone. Orthocentrus lucens. Type.—Not located. Orthocentrus nigricoxus. Type.—Not located. Probably returned to collector. s Orthocentrus pilifrons. Type—yYellow label 355. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks antennae, some legs and abdo- men. Oxybelus brodiei. Type.—Female, yellow label 1041. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Double mounted and with fly as prey. Apex of right fore wing gone. ; _ Oxylabis spinosus. Type.—Blue label 759; yellow label 943. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Pachyprotasus delta. Type.—Female, yellow label 496. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Right flagellum gone. 106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ————————————— Pammegischia burquei. Type.—Female, yellow label 507. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Paniscus albotarsatus. Type.—Male, yellow label 288. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Paniscus albovariegatus. Type.—Male, yellow label 287. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antennz and abdomen at apex broken off. Paniscus appendiculatus. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under name, Paniscus geminatus Say. : Paniscus quebecensis. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under name Exetastes suaveolens Walsh . Pantoclis inermis. Type.—Yellow label 1119. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. | Fair. 5 Paphagus rugosus. Type.—Yellow label 1383. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly mounted. ; Paramesius longicornis. Type.—Yellow label 950. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. 3 Pelopzus argentipilis. Type.—Not located. Periclistus obliquus. Type.—White label 156; white label 74(s); yellow label 1594. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Perilampus aciculatus. Type.—Blue label 767(s); yel- low label 1359. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne and abdomen gone. Perilampus levis. Type.—Harrington Coll. Paratype— Yellow label 932. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. _ Badly mounted. Perilampus_ stygicus. Type.—yYellow label 1599. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Perilitus incompletus. See Meteorus. Perilitus mellinus. Type.—Female, yellow label 727. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne, median tarsi, right hind leg at coxe, left hind tarsi broken. Perilitus nigritus. Type.—Male, yellow label 1579. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tag mounted. Right antenna entirely, left beyond middle, left posterior wing, median and hind leg on left and right hind tarsi missing. Pezomachus niger. Type.—Female, white label 34(s); yel- low label 1492: 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. (To be continued) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 107 —— 5; - BOOK NOTICES. PLANT MATERIALS OF DECORATIVE GARDENING—The Woody Plants, by William Trelease, Professor of Botany in the Univer- sity of Illinois, Urbana. Published by the Author 1917, $1.00 postpaid. A good entomologist is necessarily more or less of a botanist. If he has not studied botany he is hampered in his work by his in- ability to name the food plants of his entomological captures. The modern entomology necessitates ecological study. Doctor Trelease has prepared a little. handbook under the title given above, which is inexpensive and of a size to readily fit the pocket, and which, nevertheless, includes within its flexible coyers more than two hundred pages of condensed information which will ap- parently make it possible for any careful observer to learn the generic and usually the specific name of any hardy tree, shrub, or woody climber that he is likely to find cultivated in the Eastern United States (not in the extreme South) or in Northérn Europe. Of course, on the more pretentious estates, or in nurseries or bot- anical establishments, introduced forms will be found which are not included in this book; but it indicates 247 genera and 782 species, with some 375 minor forms, or over 1,150 distinct kinds belonging to 83 natural families. The author, in his introduction, states that for a few hopelessly complicated genera, such as the haws, the cotoneasters, mockoranges and roses, only a few of the most easily recognized species have been admitted. Except for these, an effort has been made to include all but the newer species; and, by way of compensation for omissions, the common trees and shrubs of the orchard may be traced to their species, and also the commoner native shrubs and cover plants. I have not tried to use this book in the field, but I am struck with the choice of easily observed characteristics of differentiation and with the full glossary. It is a book which every field ento- mologist should possess. ; L. O. Howarp. A PRELIMINARY LIST OF THE INSECTS OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, Part III—CoLeropTEerA. By G. Chagnon, Montreal. Pub- lished as a supplement to Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants 1917. 108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST It is gratifying to note the good progress made by the ento- mologists of the Province of Quebec in their arduous task of list- ing the insect fauna of their Province. With the appearance of the third part, three of the four largest orders have now been covered, and the work is, therefore, more than half-way towards completion. The list of Coleoptera, numbering 1,810 species and varieties» is compiled from various published lists together with records of captures furnished by a number of collectors, of whom the author contributes a large majority. It-.is a very creditable list for a region of which but a small part has been explored from the ento- mological standpoint, and in which but few entomologists have made a specialty of the beetles. As the author remarks, the number of species which occur in the Province will be easily in- creased by over 500 by more assiduous collecting, particularly in the remoter districts. STUDIES IN Kansas INsEcts.—A Treatise of the More Com- ‘mon Species. Bulletin of the University of Kansas, Biological Series, vol. XVIII, No. 1, October, 1917. This is a most useful report, which should find its way into every entomological library. It contains the following five articles: ‘The Grasshoppers of Kansas, Part I, The Melanopli of Kansas,” by P. W. Claasen. This is divided into’ two parts, (1) Systematic, (2) Biologic and Economic. No fewer than 6 genera and 39 species are discussed. Part 2, ‘‘The Oedipodine of Kansas,’ by Raymond Beamer; a systematic account of this subfamily, which is richly represented in the State. It is abundantly illustrated, chiefly by photographs of actual specimens. ‘‘The Dragonflies of Kansas,” by C. H. Kennedy, an annotated list with an analysis of the fauna from the standpoint of distribution, illustrated by 7 excel- lent plates. ‘‘Scale Insects Injurious to Shade and Fruit Treés, The Coccide of Kansas,’’ by P. B. Lawson, a valuable descriptive account of the 75 species of this family known to occur in the State. All the species are well figured. ‘‘The Cankerworm—An Orchard and Shade. Tree Pest,” by Walter H. Wellhouse, a very full account of both species of cankerworm, describing their various stages, distribution, life-history, food, enemies, methods of con- trol, etc. It is illustrated by 3 plates. Maiied March 15th, 1918. The Ganadiay Fantomologist, Vor. L. LONDON, APRIL, 1918 No. 4 POPULAR AND. PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. A Rep-LeETTeEeR Day. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. Part I. On July 2nd, 1917, I formed one of a party of friends who motored up to Chemong Lake. We were celebrating the holiday, but in a peculiar way; half an acre of ground had been rented by the more enterprising members of the party, and on it quite a respectable market garden was in process of culture; how re- spectable, you will perhaps best understand when I tell you that it yielded during the season several barrels of potato bugs. When Tom Sawyer wanted his fence whitewashed, he simply cracked up the job till his friends insisted on doing the work for him; much in the same way for more than a week—especially in the leisure hours of evening—my neighbour had been carefully preparing the ground for me to dig in with the hoe. But the strategic advantages of his position were more than neutralized by my thorough ac- quaintance with Tom Sawyer and the famous whitewashing episode. I was well aware that the picnic wasn’t going to be all cakes and ale and that I should be expected to do my bit; but just as my neighbour took rod and reel, I took insect net and cyanide bottle, to provide for lucid intervals. It was about half-past ten‘when our chauffeur drew up in a spacious cedar thicket almost at the water’s edge. We found the occupants of the other car had stopped at the kitchen-garden instead of coming on the last half mile to headquarters. Feeling - confident that there were not hoes enough to go round [ invited the only other man in our party to come exploring the wood with me; he had spent 60 years diligently ignoring woods, so I knew he was pretty safe to refuse; and indeed I hardly waited to see what “starting-hole’’ of excuse he would wriggle down, before plunging into the shadowy cedar aisles in a direction calculated to bring me out near a big hill that I had noticed during the drive. This height commanded a view of the lake and was wooded in front all 110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST down the steep slope to the shore; the trees were mixed, but with cedar predominating. On the top of the slope were 3 or 4 magnifi- cent basswoods, a landmark for miles around. Moving south-westward I soon shook myself clear of the cedar thicket, and crossing a somewhat spongy meadow began to ascend the slope. Half-way up I came upon a small clearing, partly filled in with raspberry bushes and surrounded on all sides by cedars. Hardly had I stepped into this, than a sharp, querulous bark, almost like a fox-terrier’s, warned me that I had been dis- covered by a sentinel crow on its outlook post overhead. Almost immediately bedlam broke loose and the air was thick with these black, jabbering lunatics. For a moment I was puzzled to know why a general alarm had been rung in, but it was soon apparent, nearly every cedar round the edge of this hidden glade had 3 or 4 young crows roosting on its branches, and though at first they tried the dodge of ‘‘freezing’’ on their perch, they soon began hop- ping and fluttering clumsily into cover, while the old birds guarded their retreat. Finding nothing of interest about the raspberry thicket or the elder shrubs in its midst, I resumed my climb and presently won out to the top. Here I paused and took my bearings; just beyond me, on the far side of a low bank of field-stone, topped by © a rickety old rail fence, lay an open meadow, while over my head stretched the noble canopy of a giant basswood. If my tribe had a totem pole, it should be of either basswood or white pine, for most of my lucky finds have been about these two trees, and I seldom pass either without giving it a goed look-over. If my faith had ever wavered, that tree effectually nailed my colors to the mast forever and a day: on the very first leafy branch and almost the first bit of foliage that caught my eye, there sat an unmistakable . specimen of Hoplosia nubila. Now this beetle is far from com- mon; during all the years of collecting in Port Hope, I had never seen it, and in three seasons at Peterborough I had taken but four, all on freshly fallen timber, three on basswood and one on beech. There was a breathless moment of suspense while I captured the insect and registered a mental vow not to leave the spot till I had hunted high and low for further trace of its kind. For some minutes my eye ranged over the foliage for insects as searchingly THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST fit as an up-to-date spraying machine, but without result. I then drew close to the trunk of the tree, and on the jutting spike of a dead branch appeared another Hoplosia nubila. 1 had seldom found anything of much account on dry wood, but I recalled the book statement that this insect bred in dead limbs of basswood. Half the tree spread out on the meadow side of the low stone rampart, so I made to enter the field; on the upper end of a picket and again on the top rail of the fence | met—apparently, like me, getting over the wall—three more specimens of Hoplosia nubila. Where had they come from? Had they dropped from the green foliage above, or emerged from a dry branch under the tree? I noticed now for the first time a large, dead limb lying along the bank of field stone—a windfall of several years ago—rotting, but fortunately not sodden from contact with the earth; the end away from the butt had one or two boughs still armed with broken branches, and one of these rose at an angle and was partly sup- ported on the second rail of the fence right at the picket. Only an enthusiastic collector knows how my mouth watered and my heart danced when I looked closely at the picket and the branch here on the sunny side of the fence: resting on their surface, within easy reach, I counted 7 specimens of Hoplosia nubila. By the time I turned reluctantly away to join the hoeing-bee at lunch, I had captured 17. As soon as lunch was over some of the men scattered to look for bait, hoping to catch a bass or two before revisiting the kitchen- garden. I, too, set out to look for bait, but as soon as I rounded the corner I dived into the friendly shelter of the cedars and made a bee-line for the basswood. The sun had almost given my re- cruiting ground the slip, but I succeeded in capturing 8 more specimens about the dead limb and the picket fence; and on visit- ing some trees further along the ridge I captured 2 more. To test out the insect’s habits and season I made it a point during the next few days to visit all the basswoods newly felled or dead that I could think of in the neighbourhood;on July 3rd I examined some newly felled basswood at Nassau and succeeded in capturing 3 specimens of Hoplosia, apparently attracted to the dying trees either to breed or to oviposit on the branches; and a few days later I took 5 on some windfalls and one on a lopped 112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST branch in the same neighbourhood; also on July 4th, revisiting this dead limb of my first captures west of Chemong, I took 4 more specimens, including a mating pair and a single specimen in the very act of emerging, its head and antenne aloné being visible. Examination of the insect’s burrow and of others in which I found larve, went to prove that it is fondest of dead wood and that it does not bore deep, the tunnels being all either in or just below the under bark. For nearly a fortnight I came across occasional specimens of the beetle, and had the unique experience of making one capture on a dead maple; altogether my catch for the season of this rare longicorn was well over 40 specimens. It never rains but it pours. ; Part He: On this holiday of July 2nd, it was still early afternoon when I returned to the picnic ground; learning there that the men, after landing a small sunfish, had been converted from angling-rods to hoes, I hurried off to encumber them with help. When I reached the fence and hailed the toilers, I found that the stony land in a fit of wanton mischief had smashed one of their hoes and—in short they scorned my proffered help and (in much the tone that the Athenians of old consigned a man ‘“‘to the crows’’) they bade me be off to my beloved bugs. ‘“There’s many a true word spoken in jest,’”’ though that was not the comment I muttered as I turned away in the direction of a fallen poplar by the roadside. It was a balsam or small balm- of-Gilead, and on it I found 2 specimens of Hyper platys aspersa, my first that season. Working east, I then skirted the fence be- tween the road and the market-garden. Almost at the corner of of the half-acre lot I noticed, doing duty for a top rail in the old snake-fence, a dead brush-head of hemlock; branches, twigs, and actually a few cones still in place: quite dry, even to the patches of resin upon it. I examined this closely in hopes of longicorns or buprestids, as the sun poured its burning rays over the suriace, and presently on the south side I noticed a curious looking weevil that was strange to me; it was black and rough on the back, with a conspicuous, broed patch of dull, white across the elytra near the base; it reminded me a little, in pattern at least, of a somewhat uncommon beetle called Eurymycter which I have occasionally THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 113 captured; only the patch on this last is snow-white and situated at the outer end of the elytra. Before dropping my prisoner into the oubdliette, 1 took off my glasses and examined it closely; ijt was entirely new to me; on the centre of the thorax was a perfect little flewr-de-lys or trefoil of fawn-coloured pubescence, while on the scutellum was a tiny spot of white. On getting a front view of the head, I found it had the long, broad, flat ‘‘horse-face’’ of the Anthribide, and this feature was rendered all the more conspicuous from being white with dense pubescence. I had never ventured very far into even generic distinctions of the great Clan Curculio, and made no at- tempt when I got home to examine my find under a lens. But meantime I searched carefully over the bark of the hemlock for more, and at last, just when I was giving up the search, I spotted a second specimen (rather larger, but with decidedly shorter antenne) right on the upper surface of the hemlock. Seeing two or three more hemlocks in the same condition of decay, I spent an hour of unremitting toil scouring their surface, above, below and on the sides, ferreting into every nook and cranny with searching looks; but all in vain. When I came to pin my captures, I found that the tiny white scutellum had immediately behind it (i. e., further from its base) a spot of jet black pubescence that looked like a cavity, and also that the roughness on the elytra was strongest a little behind the base, where it rose into two bold tubercles (one on each elytron), for all the world like a pair of projecting shoulder blades; and these tubercles were partly within, partly without the white patch mentioned before. After dating the insects and putting them into one of the collecting cases in which I keep the season’s catch from spring till fall, lsoon forgot all about them in the more. fast and furious fun of hunting Long-horns. During July and August I was corresponding with a well- known New York coleopterist in the matter of Microclytus gazel- lula Hald. and its puzzling little doppelganger Microtlytus gib- bulus LeC. This correspondence culminated in the arrival of a precious little box at our tent on Cache Lake. It contained a beautiful specimen of M. gazellula; in writing to thank for this most acceptable present, I promised the donor a verified pair 114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (* and @) of M. gibbulus as soon as I returned from camp. A few days after, I received a letter of acknowledgement, with a P.S. which declared that the writer had for years greatly desired to possess in his cabinet a specimen of a small beetle found, but rarely, on fungus-covered logs in our northern forests; it was called Gonotropis gibbosus. 1 had never heard this name before, nor did I know to what family the beetle belonged; so, naturally, my first thought was that I could never have come across the insect or I should have known the name, and further, that among the 10,000 or 11,000 beetles known in North America, it was most improkable I should ever stumble upon the particular one my correspondent desired. When, moreover, I returned from the backwoods and drew out my Henshaw to find Gonotropis a weevil, I felt still more cer- tain it was a case of looking for a needle in a haystack; nor was it much better to learn that it belonged to the small family of Anthri- bids, for of these I had only 2 or 3 representatives at most. How- ever, I turned up the two works I possess on the weevils, LeConte and Horn’s monograph and the recent book of Blatchley and Leng; here, avoiding the small print of detailed description, I looked to see the range and record of captures; from the older work I found that the insect was sui generis and (worse and worse!) that both generic and specific descriptions were founded on a single specimen from Colorado; the recent work did indeed record it over a very wide range on both sides of the border, but it was evi- dently extremely rare, for the senior author, Leng, was the very man who had written to me about it. Having gone so far, however, I glanced over the detailed specific description: ‘“‘convex, black; white face, proboscis and scutellum; broad, saddle-shaped patch of white near the base of the elytra; two humps on the 8rd interval; and suddenly there rose out of the page before me the picture of a stony market- garden, two mccking men with hoes, a snake-fence, a dead hem- lock rail, and that queer little pair of weevils squatting on the bark, like hobgoblins in a fairy tale. I jumped for the shelf on which my July captures lay cabined, and from the middle of a box mcst ludicrously labeled ‘‘Bachelors,’’ drew out the tiny pair of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 115 oddities (husband and wife, as sure as antennal measurements could make them) captured at Chemong on July 2nd. I then subjected them to a careful scrutiny with the specific description before me. Point for point, they coincided throughout. The only thing debatable was the ‘‘deep fovea’’ behind the scutel- lum; if ‘“behind”’ meant further from the base, there was no cavity there; I focused the insect under a two-inch objective in the micro- scope, and after some trouble succeeded in touching the centre of this so-called pit with the point of a fine needle mounted on a pen-holder; as soon as the needle point came into focus the insect was jarred into a blur, and when the vibration ceased there was the needle-tip still in focus and resting on the centre of the black spot; it was no fovea, but a tiny patch of jet-black pubescence on a level with the snow-white scutellum. To the best of my belief, then, on July 2nd, 1917, besides capturing over a score of Hoplosia nubila, | had taken two speci- mens of this great rarity Gonotropis gibbosus, specimens, moreover, that by a unique stroke of luck formed a natural pair, male and female. If it never rains but it pours, assuredly on this date, in the quaint parlance of Geoffrey Chaucer, it fairly ‘‘snewéd’’ of good things. . A TIPULID FLY FROM BALTIC AMBER. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL AND GRACE E. CLARK, BOULDER, COL. In Canad. Entom., 1915, p. 159, it was remarked that some of the Mycetophilide had remained without evolutionary progress in about a million years, exhibiting merely minor changes or the shuffling of characters, producing closely related species. The Baltic amber is probably twice as old as the Florissant shales, and yet, in spite of the great age of the specimens, dating back to Oligocene times, we find that many of the species differ little from those of to-day. Such, for instance, is the Tipulid fly now de- scribed. It presents an assemblage of characters which permit its recognition as a species; but we cannot say that it is more primitive or archaic in appearance than its descendants or representatives living in the same region at the present time. Limnophila electrina, n. sp. Male.—Body and legs dark reddish brown, thorax decidedly April, 1918 116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST reddened above; head black; tibiz with minute spurs; antenne as shown in Fig. 1. Wings nearly 6 mm. long, without markings; subcosta branched at end, with lower branch a trifle longer than upper, its termina- tion level with basal end of discal cell; radius straight except for a very slight upward bend at the end; radial sector sharply bent near its origin, with an appendicular nervure directed basad from the angle; Re and Rs both show a gentle and practically even Fig. 1.—Limnophila electrina, n.sp.: antenna, Fig. 2.—Limnophila electrina, n.sp.: wing. curve; upper branch of media forked a considerable distance be- yond end of discal cell, the stem a little longer than the fork; radial cross-vein joining radial sector at base of fork of its upper division (as in L. nacrea and lentoides figured by Alexander, and L. rogersui figured by Scudder); posterior cross-vein joining discal cell a little beyond middle; Cuz sharply deflected downward at its end. Ra The following measurements are in microns: end of Scz to radial cross-vein, 784; upper apical corner of first basal cell to separation of Re from Rs, 496; radial sector from basal angle to end of first basal cell, 1089; discal cell on second basal, 352; discal cell a fifth posterior, 240; first posterior on third, 640; first posterior on second, 592. In Baltic Amber; received from Mr. F. H. Ward. This appears to be distinct from all the species described by Meunier from amber. The antennae have bristles resembling those of L. vulcana, but the basal joint is far more robust. The wings appear to be quite distinctive. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Ibs THE INSECT COLLECTIONS OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES. BY W. H. BRITTAIN, PROVINCIAL ENTOMOLOGIST FOR NOVA SCOTIA. The following notes on the insect collections of the Maritime Provinces have been compiled from information sent me by the owners or curators of the collections referred to in the article. It has not been possible for the writer personally to examine all the collections, and accordingly he has to acknowledge his indebted- ness to the following: Mr. Harry Piers, Curator, Provincial Museum, Halifax, N.S.; Mr. Jos. Perrin, McNab’s Island, N.S.; Mr. Wm. Mackintosh, Provincial Entomologist, St. John, N.B.; Mr. LS. McLaine, Fredericton, N.B., and Mr. A. G. Dustan, Annapolis Royal, N.S. In some cases the exact words of the foregoing have been used in describing the collections. InsEcT COLLECTION OF THE PROVINCIAL MuseuM, Ha.irax,N.5. The insect collection of the Provincial Museum of Nova Scotia consists of about 2,000 Nova Scotia specimens, most of which have been collected since 1900. It consists almost entirely of Lepidoptera, with a few Coleoptera, some Orthoptera and other miscellaneous insects. The principal components are: 1. The Russell Colection of Lepidoptera, consisting of about 259 specimens of butterflies and about 788 specimens of moths, total about 1,047 specimens, each with full data attached, and collected by John Russell in the vicinity of Digby, Nova Scotia. It-was purchased from him in 1906 and 1909. This is part of the material upon which Messrs. Joseph Perrin and John Russell pre- pared their ‘‘Catalogue of Butterflies and Moths, mostly collected in the neighbourhood of Halifax and Digby, N.S.,’’ which was published in the Proc. and Trans. N. S. Institute of Science, Vol. 12, pp. 258-290 (read 1909, published 1912). 2. The Eaton collection of Lepidoptera, with a few other insects, consisting of about 450 specimens, with data collected during a number of years by Miss Lucy C. Eaton, in the vicinity of Truro, Col. Co., N.S. Of these 379 were purchased from her in 1905 and the remainder under her donations. The Lepidoptera in this collection formed the basis of her paper on ‘“‘The Butterflies of Truro, N.S.,’”’ which was. published in the Proc. and Trans. N.S. Institute of Science, Vol. 9, pp. 17-18 (1895). April, 1918 118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3. Miscellaneous specimens of Nova Scotia Coleoptera col- lected by A. H. C. Prichard, specimens of Orthoptera and other Nova Scotia insects from various sources. Owing to the lack of proper insect cabinets for the preserva- tion and display of all these specimens, they are at present stored in boxes and somewhat liable to attack by pests, but it is the in- tention of the institution to obtain proper cabinets for them as soon as possible. INSECT COLLECTION OF THE NovA SCOTIA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The great bulk of the material composing the collection of the Nova Scotia Agricultural College consists of specimens taken in the province by members of the entomological staff from the summer of 1913 up to the present time, together with a few insects captured in other provinces. There is also a small collection of Coleoptera taken in Kansas a good many years ago,.as well as a certain amount of material received in exchange from various American entomologists. All doubtful specimens have been submitted to specialists for determination. The Coleoptera have been determined by Pro- fessor Wickham and Dr. Van Dyke; the Lepidoptera, by Mr. Arthur Gibson; the Hemiptera by Messrs. E. P. Van Duzee, H. H. Knight and H. S. Parshley and the bees by Mr. Sladen. Dr. L. O. Howard and the members of his staff have from time to time reported upon a large number of insects of different groups. The following account does not take into consideration. a large number of insects that have been determined but not put away in the collection. There is also some accumulation of material that has not yet been put up ready for determination, and still more that we have not been able to get determined at all. The latter particularly applies to Diptera and to parasitic Hymenoptera. In the Coleoptera we have about 1,000 specimens distributed over 38 families and 203 genera; in the Lepidoptera about 1,000 specimens, 25 families and 300 genera; Hemiptera about 800 specimens, 23 families and 115 genera; Hymenoptera 340 speci- mens, 10 families and 19 genera; Orthoptera, 164 specimens, 3 families and 13 genera. There are about 110 named species of Diptera, but the greater part of the material in this order is still THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 119 undetermined. The material in groups other than those men- tioned is insignificant. A complete card index is kept of all insects in the collection, with full details regarding each species. In this way it is intended to build up an authentic list of Nova Scotian insects as rapidly as this can be accomplished. The Lepidoptera are put up in Com- stock cases with the bottoms lined with patent cord instead of wooden blocks. All other orders are placed in Schmitt boxes. After a representative number are placed in the regular collection, the remainder are placed in duplicate boxes to be used in exchange. OTHER INSECT COLLECTIONS IN NOVA SCOTIA. Mr. Jos. Perrin, McNab’s Island, Halifax, N.S., has a private collection of Lepidoptera, mostly taken on McNab’s Island. He also has twelve cases of American and foreign Lepidoptera. The collection is housed in an oak cabinet with thirty drawers and containing material collected for the Russell-Perrin List pub- lished February, 1912, and for the supplementary list published October, 1915. The number of specimens contained in the collec- - tion is 1,470, representing 286 genera and 122 species and varieties. Mr. Perrin also has in his care at present eight Riker speci- men mounts, containing 387 specimens of Lepidoptera taken at Stellarton, N. S., by Mr. C. B. Hills, of Wabana, Newfoundland. Many of these are of interest and are not yet identified. Mr. Chesley Allen, Normal College, Truro, N.S., has collected in all orders but, with the exception of the Lepidoptera, most of the material has not yet been arranged, though work on this is now proceeding. Mr. Allen is especially interested in the Micro- lepidoptera and has a complete collection of Nova Scotian Cram- bine, including a number not recorded in the list. He is now pre- paring an article on this group. Mr. Harry Piers, Curator, Provincial Museum, Halifax, N.S., has a private collection of insects, consisting mostly of Orthoptera, on which is based a paper dealing with this group, which he will shortly publish. The collection of the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Annapolis Royal consists of nearly 3,000 specimens, most of these belonging to the Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, but the other main orders are represented to some extent. Much of the material is still undetermined. 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST COLLECTION OF INSECTS IN THE NATURAL HIstorRY MUSEUM AT STs Joun, N; Bt The Natural History Society of New Brunswick was organ- ized in 1862. The majority of the members at that time were geologists and ornithologists, and it was not until about 1884 that the first collection of the insects of St. John County was pre- sented by Mr. H. E. Goold. Mr. Goold may be considered the pioneer entomologist of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. A few years later Mrs. C. E. Heustis made a collec- tion of insects in the vicinity of St. John and presented it to the Museum. For a number of years Mrs. Heustis was a contributor to the Canadian Entomologist. These collections were exposed to light and insects were almost entirely destroyed. About 1895 Wm. McIntosh began making a general collection of the insects of New Brunswick. This collection has steadily grown, and at the present time numbers about nineteen thousand four hundred and sixty-seven specimens. Mr. A. G. Leavitt collected Hymenoptera for several years and recently presented his collection, numbering about two thousand specimens, to the Museum. Smaller collections have been presented from time to time. At the time of writing the insect collections in the Museum number over 24,000 specimens, including several thousand speci- mens, which have not yet been incorporated in the general collec- tion and a large number of unnamed “‘unique’’ specimens. As is the case in so many collections, the Lepidoptera outnumber the other orders. The general collection shows some five thousand one hundred and seventy specimens representing less than eight hundred species. The New Brunswick material was determined mostly by Dr. Fletcher and Herman Strecker. The Noctuidae were named by Dr. John B. Smith and Dr. Ottolengui: Geometers by Rev. G. W. Taylor, of British Columbia, and others by Dr. H. C. Dyar and Wm. Beutenmuller. The Hymenoptera, numbering some four thousand eight hundred and thirteen are not well worked up. Mr. Sladen determined a number of the bees, and Mr. H. H. Harrington many of the saw-flies, etc. S. A. Rohwer, of the United States National Museum, determined a number of the saw-flies, finding THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 121 twelve new species among them. Some hundreds of species re- main undetermined. The Coleoptera were examined first by Mr. Harrington and later by Dr. Wickham. They include about six hundred named species and a considerable number undetermined, about four thousand one hundred and eighty-seven in all. The Diptera number about four hundred species, three thousand three hundred and sixty-five specimens, many unnamed not being enumerated. The other orders are not very well represented in the collection—Hemiptera about four hundred and _ forty-two specimens; Dragonflies, two hundred and thirty-one; Orthoptera, one hundred and twenty-nine. Stone-flies and their allies two hundred and seventy-six; other orders about four hundred and fifty-four. It has always been the policy of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick to make its collections useful to the public, and with this end in view nearly two hundred large Denton tablets have been prepared showing the various insect orders, with life- histories of the important economic pests, useful insects, etc. These tablets have been around the province twice on ‘‘Better Farming Special’’ trains, and have been exhibited at a number of Agricultural Exhibitions. They are used in the Agricultural and Natural Study Short Courses for teachers in winter and summer, and are loaned to schools when available. Indeed, so much ma- terial has been given to schools and farmers and used for educa- tional exhibits as to seriously deplete the general collection. OTHER NEw BRUNSWICK COLLECTIONS. A good many years ago the Provincial University at Frederic- ton purchased the Preston collection. These were collected by Dr. Preston, a homeopathic physician at St. John, and consisting of a cabinet of eight or ten trays. Four of these were Coleoptera, native and exotic forms herein represented. They are partially named. There are also two cases of Lepidoptera, native and exotic, partially named, and one case of Odonata. The collec- tion is in poor condition at the present time, and evidently has not been’ touched for years. The University also has six trays of native insects, mostly Lepidoptera. A few of these have been named by Dr. L. W. Bailey and William McIntosh. They are not in very good condition. 122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Fredericton has acollectionof Diptera in which the New Brunswick forms are well represented, especially the following families: Tachinidae, Tipulide, Tabanide, Syrphide, Dolichopodide, Muscide, Asilide and Anthomyiide. There is a small collection of parasitic Hymen- optera and one of Formicide fairly representative of the province. There are also a few Lepidoptera. The foregoing are a few of the chief insect collections found in the Maritime Provinces. We have heard of others, but have been unable to secure accurate information concerning them. Doubtless still others are in existence, and it is hoped that this article may have the effect of bringing them to light. Up to the present time we have been unable to get word of a single systematic collection of insects in the Province of Prince Edward Island. A NEW SPECIES OF SARCOPHAGA FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA.* BY R. R. PARKER, BOZEMAN, MONT. Sarcophaga vancouverensis, n. sp. Holotype.—Male, collection of R. R. Parker. Allotype.—Female, collection of R. R. Parker. Paratype.—Male, United States National Museum. Length 8 to 10 mm. : Male.—Head. Viewed from side parafrontals and gene with dark reflections; from front transverse impression unusually dark. Breadth of front at narrowest part about one-third eye width; cheek height approximately one-third that of eye. Front promi- nent; frontal vitta at its narrowest part about three times width of each parafrontal. Second and third antennal segments very dark; third, one and one-half times length of second; arista short plumose to slightly beyond middle. Back of head with the black cilia behind eyes extending half-way to foramen, otherwise clothed with whitish hair. Gena with several irregularly placed hairs be- tween transverse impression and lower eye orbit. Chaetotaxy.—Lateral verticals absent; vibrisse inserted slightly above oral margin; frontal rows of bristles extending but slightly *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Montana State College, Bozeman, Mont. April, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 123 below base of vitta, the lower few pairs somewhat divergent from its edges. Thorax.—Metanotum clothed with sparse, slender, reclinate bristles. Spiracular hairs very dark, except those of spiracular cover which are light coloured at tips. Epaulets dark. Wings.—Distinctly smoky under binocular; bend of fourth vein normally a right angle, anterior cross-vein scarcely more basal than end of first longitudinal (almost beneath it); third vein bristly; costal spine vestigial; section III of costa slightly greater than section V; calypters whitish, fringed with ‘white hair. Legs.—Dark. Posterior femur sub-cylindrical, a little arched; distal half of posterior ventral surface with a thin beard of long hair; anterior face with three rows of bristles, those of intermediate row few and not present distally, those of lower row scattered; tibia with anterior and posterior beards of long, coarse hairs, the former much the stronger. Middle femur clothed beneath with short hair; anterior and posterior ventral rows of bristles present, latter not complete proximally; distinct ‘‘comb”’ absent; tibia with a slight beard-like fringe of hair posteriorly; submesotibial bristle present. Chaetotaxy.—Anterior dorsocentrals long, as long as the two anterior pairs of postsuturals; acrostichals absent; inner presuturals scarcely or not at all differentiated: three pairs of well developed postsutural dorsocentrals; praescutellar acrostichals present; scutel- lar apicals present: two or three sternopleurals, if three the middle one is very slender: lower sternopleurals slender, with hairs an- terior to them. Abdomen.—Clothed above with short, reclinate bristles, be- neath with longer, mostly erect hairs. Ventral plates almost - square. (posterior angles not rounded), vestiture erect except that of third which is short and decumbent. _ Chaetotaxy.—Second segment without marginal bristles; third with two marginals and four or five laterals (marginals and laterals may not to be separated by increased spacing, so that there may appear to be a complete marginal row of bristles). Genital Segments.—First, shining black or deep brown, in pronle:slightly convex, for most part the hairy vestiture shorter than that of second, marginal bristles absent; second (g. s. 2),— 124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST shining orange, anal area small, hairy vestiture long. Forceps ~ (f.), darkened, especially the distal portion, in profile the hairy vestiture extends well toward tip of prongs, later attenuate, curved forward and slightly spreading. Genitalia.—See figure. Anterior claspers (a.c.), posterior claspers (p. c.), accessory plate (a: p.). Female.—The single female examined differs from the male in the following important characters: breadth of front at narrowest part nearly equal to eye width; frontal vitta at its narrowest part about one and one-half times the width of each para- frontal, and just below ocellar triangle with several hairs at each side. Arista more plumose. Posterior ny st a Aaa femur spindle-shaped, its posterior ventral surface eenital pot mae with a proximal row of bristles. Anterior and posterior rows of ventral bristles of middle femur complete. Costal spine short. Three sternopleural bristles. Vestiture of abdomen of short reclinate bristles throughout. Genital segments dull orange: first not divided into two lateral. lips, but carinated on mid-dorsal line (appears like two lips), spiracles central and visible. Ventral plates overlapped and concealed by lateral edges of first genital segment. Described from 7 male and 1 female specimens. Range.— British Columbia, Vancouver; May 12 and 19, 1916, June 11, 1916; Savary Island, July 3, 1916. One specimen is labeled “Bd. Bay, May 22, 1915.” Collector, R. S. Sherman. Both holotype and allotype were collected on Savary Island on July 3, 1916. We regret that the statement in our March issue concerning Professor W. A. Riley’s change of position was inaccurate. A corrected statement is given below. Professor Wm. A. Riley; who has been connected with the Entomological Department of Cornell University for the past eighteen years, has been appointed Professor of Entomology and Chief of the Division of Entomology and Economic Zooloogy at the University of Minnesota. He will continue his teaching work in Insect Morphology and in Medical Entomology. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 125 AN APPARENTLY NEW SPECIES OF LEPTINILLUS. (COLEOPTERA, LEPTINID-..) BY G. F. FERRIS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. The coleopterous family Leptinide includes but two genera and two species, but it is of especial interest because of the fact ‘that these two species are exactly half of the number of species of Coleoptera that are known to be, or suspected of being, ecto- parasites upon birds and mammals. Of the other two species one, Platypsyllus castoris Ritsema (the only representative of the family Platypsyllide) is a permanent, obligate parasite upon. beavers in both its larval and adult condition. The other, a Silphid, Lyrosoma opaca Mann, is a resident of the nests of certain maritime birds but is suspected of utilizing the birds for purposes of transportation. Of the two Leptinids one, Leptinus testaceus Miill. is an oft-recorded resident of the, nests of bumble bees and small mammals, but it has once been recorded as occurring on mice! and once from shrews?. The other, Leptinillus validus (Horn), is apparently a much less common form and of its habits nothing is known, except that it has once been taken from the skins of Alaskan beavers!. The discovery of a second species of Leptinillus with some definite information in regard to its habits is, therefore, of considerable interest. Leptinillus aplodontia, n. sp. Female.—Length 3 mm., depressed and broadly oval in shape, of a reddish brown colour, feebly shiny, the entire dorsum closely and uniformly beset with fine, setiferous punctations, the sete short and slightly lighter in colour than the body. Head hemi- hexagonal in shape behind the frontal suture, the labrum convex anteriorly, the posterior angles of the head nearly right angles, the occiput much constricted and produced into the prothorax. Beneath the lateral margin at each posterior angle is a shallow; longitudinal groove which extends forward to the base of the antenne and into which the first antennal segment may be re- ceived. Antenne 11-segmented, slender, reaching but little be- yond the posterior margin of the pronotum. Mentum with the posterior angles produced into a stout process about as long as 1. Riley, C. V. Insect Life, 1 : 306. (1889). joe Kellogg, V.L. Science, N. S., XX XIX : 360-61. (1914). pril, 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the mentum itself. Pronotwm anteriorly of the same width as the head, posteriorly about twice as wide, the greatest width about one and one-half times the length, the lateral margins arcuate. Fig. 4.—Leptinillus aplodontiz n. sp.; labium. Fig. 5—Leptinillus aplodontiz n. sp.; genitalia of male. Prosternum extending over, but not separating, the anterior coxe, without a brush of hairs at the tip. Elytra at the base very slightly narrower than the pronotum, then widening slightly, sharply LI \p Fig. 6.—A: Prosternum of Leptinillus aplodontiz n. sp. B: Prosternum of Leptinus testaceus Mull. from a specimen from Forrester Id., Alaska, det. Van. Dyke. rounded posteriorly, entirely concealing the abdomen. Wings lacking. Legs clothed with fine pubescence. Abdomen ventrally with fine, setiferous punctures. i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 127 Male.—Length 3.5 mm., elytra not concealing the tip of the abdomen. Otherwise resembling the female. Genitalia very closely resembling the genitalia of Leptinus testaceus Miill., as figured by Sharp and Muir’. Habitat—From A plodontia sp. (a genus of rodents peculiar to the Pacific Coast), Fallen Leaf Lake, Plumas Co., Calif., Aug., 1917. W. K. Fisher col. Types.—Holotype, a female, and allotype, and thirteen para- types, one dissected, mounted on slides and used as the basis of the accompanying figures, deposited in the collection of the De- partment of Entomology of Stanford University. Remarks.—While this species is obviously very similar to L. validus (Horn) there are certain differences that are apparent upon a comparison with his original description* and later notes’. L. validus is described and figured as possessing ‘a distinct brush of stiff hairs at the tip of the prosternum, a feature that is not present in the new species, and it is also indicated that the pro- longations of the posterior angles of the mentum are very long and slender, while in my specimens they are short and stout as in Leptinus testaceus Mill. Nor do my specimens possess any trace of the eye spot described by Horn. Certain apparent differences in shape might easily disappear upon a direct comparison of specimens but there is a real difference in size, the new species measuring but 3 mm. in length for the female and 3.5 for the male as compared with 5 mm. for validus. Certainly as far as the literature is concerned there is sufficient ground for recognizing the specimens from A plodontia as distinct. It should be noted that although the prosternum extends back over the anterior coxe it does not actually separate them, and they are in fact fully as contiguous as they are in Leptinus testaceus Miill. Mr. Fisher informs me that the specimens were found upon two individuals of the host, and that they leave the host, after it 3. Sharp, D. and Muir, F. Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 506; pl. LI, f. 55- 55a. (1912). 4. Horn, G. H. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 4 : 145-6; figs. (1872 5. Horn, G. H. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., 10 : 113-4; pl. 5, f 128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is killed, as soon as the body begins to cool. I have myself pre- viously examined numerous specimens of the same genus of mam- mals in a search for ectoparasites but without result, but as all my specimens were examined some time after death it is possible that the beetles had already departed and that they may occur much more frequently than the lack of collecting records would indicate. STUDIES OF CANADIAN SPIDERS IN SUMMER OF 1917. BY J. H. EMERTON, BOSTON, MASS. In the past summer I have continued the collection of Canadian spiders north and west of the region covered in 1915 and 1916, in the great bog country south and west of Hudson Bay, which | has now been made accessible by the Grand Trunk Transcon- tinental line and the Hudson Bay railways. Starting in the latter part of June it seemed best to visit the most northern points first, and so in company with Mr. J. B. Wallis,of Winnipeg, I arrived at The Pas, June 30, and took the next train down the Hudson Bay Railway on July 4. The country all the way is nearly flat, de- scending from about 800 feet at The Pas to 350 feet at Kettle Rapids, 330 miles distant, and the present end of the road. It is covered with a thick layer of sphagnum moss in which grows a forest of small spruce with undergrowth of Labrador Tea and Mountain Cranberry. The drainage is naturally slow, and large and small lakes cover much of the country, connected by streams through which the summer travel of the country is carried -on. After a few days at The Pas our next stop was at the railroad camp at mile 214, where we spent nearly a week, then at mile 256 where there is a large area of gravel rising to twenty feet above the general level and then to Kettle Rapids, where we collected for a week in the neighbouring bog and on the river banks. The spiders are for the most part, those which have been long known in the bogs of Maine and Labrador, the tops of the White Mountains or the Rocky Mountains. The most conspicuous species are the three cobweb spiders of the spruce trees, Theridion zelotypum, Linyphia limitanea and Linyphia nearctia. T. zelotypum covers the whole area from Kettle Rapids on the north to Minoki and Cochrane April, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 129 on the south. Linyphia limitanea is also found through the whole area except the most southern stations. It is most abundant on trees growing near lakes and rivers. Linyphia nearctica appeared only at Kettle Rapids, the most northern station. It had pre- viously been found at Nipigon, Montfort and Lake St. John and onthe coast of Maine and Labrador. For its eastern distribution see the Canadian Entomologist for January, 1917. With these species occurred usually Lophocarenum decemoculatum, Grammonota pictilis and occasionally Dipena nigra and Tilla montana, and in the southern part of the range Theridion montanum. Among the spiders without webs the most common was Dendryphantes flavi-_ pedes and in the southern part Dendryphantes militaris and D. aestivalis. The rarer D. montanus of the White Mountains oc- curred at Kettle Rapids, and with it Szttacus rainieri of the Rocky Mountains. Half-way along the railroad were found the rare Habrocestum (Euophrys) cruciata of the White Mountains, and also rare Epeira aculeata of Laggan and Jasper. The Lycoside were of species already known to extend across the continent. As usual where the ground is covered with sphagnum but few spiders were found in it, but in the southern part of the region where the land is higher and drainage better other mosses and leaf mold accumulate and the usual transcontinental spiders occur, Pedanostethus fuscus, Tmeticus montanus, Hahnia agilis, Bathy- phantes subalpina and Amaurobius borealis. At Minaki a new Lophocarenum was found, closely resembling L. sculptum of the west coast and L. excavatum of the east coast. In the bog at Minaki was the black and white variety of Epeira labyrinthea with nests hung in the stiff grass near the ground as in bogs of Maine and New York. Outside of the spruce forest area a little collecting was done at Dauphin and Winnipeg, and around the home of Mr. Criddle at Aweme. At the latter place two species of burrowing spiders, Lycosa missouriensis and Lycosa wrightii were found in great numbers in the sandy fields, as they are around Chicago and along the Great Lakes. At Dauphin and around the ponds at Cochrane occurred Singa campestris a species living in tall grass and before found at Kenora and Edmonton. 130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A PARTIAL KEY TO SPECIES: OF THE GENUS AGE MYZA (DIPTERA.) SECOND PAPER. BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. The species included in the present key are distinguished from their congeners by having the costa discontinued at or slightly beyond the apex of the third vein, and the halteres yellowish or whitish. The larval habits of very few of the species are known and their known distribution indicates, not their actual range of oc- currence but, rather, the fact that very little attention has been paid to the group by collectors. The same fact is in evidence throughout the genus. This group contains species placed by other authors in Napo- myza Haliday, and Domomyza rondani. Melander records the European species anomala Strobl. from Idaho and Washington. I have not seen this species. 1. Frons lemon-yellow; cross-veins very close together.......... ca Frons red or blacks... 7¢....4.0. i 4 2. Lateral margins of mesonotum broadly pale yellow; anterior 2 pairs of dorso-centrals much weaker than the posterior 2 pairs, the front pair much cephalad of suture. Food-. plantunknown. Montana; Idaho................. (brevicostalis Malloch) plagiata Melander. Lateral margins of mesonotum not yellow, coloured as disc....3 3. Antenne black; length of costa from humeral vein to apex of first two-fifths as long as next section; third vein ending little more than length of preceding section of costa be- fore apex of wing. Larve mining in Ranunculus abor- fivus. ~Ind:: Whi eee davist Walton. Antenne black; length of costa from humeral vein to apex of first over three-fourths as long as next section; third vein ending over twice as far as length of preceding section of costa from apex of wing. Larve mining in Verbena, Centaurea, etc., Col.; Ariz.; Alaska; Furopec io 0 iy eae. te .......dateralis Fallen. April, 1918 10. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 131 Antenne yellow. Food-plant unknown. 1 gt BBS ag a ae Se aristata Malloch. RE le Fae cea acca ta gue esxands¥ se tn--easc0s Various experiments were made to determine the effective- ness of bait prepared in different ways. That is, bait where lemon extract was used in place of lemon fruit; and with and without molasses. There was no great difference between baits prepared with bran, lemon extract and molasses; bran, lemon fruit and molasses; bran and lemon extract; bran and lemon fruit; bran and molasses and bran and bananas. However, in all of the experi- ments where lemon extract was used in comparison with lemon fruit, the extract gave a higher percentage of effectiveness, and these experiments, although carried on in the laboratory, seem to be sufficiently-conclusive to warrant the use of lemon extract in 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST place of fruit if more convenient. There seems to be no notice- able difference in batts where molasses was used and where it was left out, and conversely approximately equal effectiveness was obtained where the fruit or extract was left out of the bait. We had only two experiments using banana in place of the citrus fruits, and the results were very satisfactory and warrant further trials in the field. Tests of different formule to determine the attractiveness of different baits can hardly be considered satisfactory or reliable when conducted in a small pan such as we used, but it is believed that they indicate certain possibilities which should be tested in the field to determine their practical application. This summary is given for the benefit of others who may be planning work along this line the coming season. “The crude arsenous oxid referred to above contains 85 to 92 per cent. arsenous oxid (As2O3), the sample used in our experi- ment containing 88 per cent., according to the analysis furnished by the U.S. Insecticide Board. It is obtainable from the Anaconda Copper Mining Company, Anaconda, Montana, through the sales agents, The United Metals Selling Co., 42 Broadway, N.Y., at 714cents per pound, but only in barrel lots of 400 to 500 pounds.”’ NOCTUID NOTEs: BY WM. BARNES, M.D. AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH. D., DECATUR, ILL. We have read with great interest Mr. Wolley Dod’s able criticism of the arrangement of species in our recent Check List (1918, Can. Ent., L, pp. 8-16 and 43-51). We have long regarded Mr. Dod as one of the most careful students of Noctuide in America and believe that, in most instances, the shifting of species advo- cated by him will be found to be correct. In the preparation of our Check List we found it impossible thoroughly to revise each Noctuid genus, as the work involved would have necessitated the postponement of the list for at least several more years; we, there- fore, with certain minor limitations, followed the order of species as given in Hampson’s Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaene of the British Museum, although fairly certain that an intensive study of the structural details of this ,.oup, and especially of the June, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 193 male genitalia, would lead to considerable alteration in the sequence of species within the genera (especially such bulky ones as Pola, Hadena, Acronycta, etc.) The only two genera on which we ex- pended more than the usual amount of time and attention were Euxoa Hbn. and Catocala Schr.; our arrangement of species in this latter genus is vastly different from that given by Hampson and is based upon work done for the American Museum of New York in connection with a forthcoming Memoir on the Catocala moths; in the genus Euwxoa we had studied rather exhaustively the male genitalia and based the specific synonymy on a comparative study of the genitalia of specimens which we had matched with type specimens in the various museums; very possibly some altera- tion in the sequence of species may be necessary, but (rightly or wrongly as the case may be) we believe that the synonymy is largely correct. A few notes on some of the species which Mr. Dod discusses may be of value as giving our standpoint in the matter; we shall only touch on those species concerning which we are inclined to differ from Mr. Dod or about which we are still doubtful. Arctia obliterata Stretch is not definitely known to us; we based our reference to ornata on the strength of the red secondaries and the figure given in Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XIV, Pl. VI, Fig. . 14, which looks rather like a specimen of edwardsi Stretch with re- duced banding on primaries. We had never heard of any tendency in turbans to show red secondaries but if, as would appear from Mr. Dod’s note, he possesses a specimen with secondaries of this colour his association would probably be more correct than our own. Euxoa relaxa Sm. Our reference of this species to septen- trionalis Wk. is based on a study of the genitalia of the type male from San Francisco in the National Museum. The genitalia of - septentrionalis are very characteristic and strikingly different from those of messoria with which it superficially agrees very closely; the salient features of the genital structure could be seen on the type of relaxa without removing the abdomen, and seemed to us to be identical with that of septentrionalis. Euxoa campestris Grt. We are not surprised that Mr. Dod questions the correctness of separating this species from declarata 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST EE WIk. (decolor Morr.). A study of the genitalia of a number of astern specimens convinced us that there were two very closely | allied species associated under the one name and occurring apparent ly thrgughout the same general territory; the one form has the primaries very dark purple-brown with scarcely any contrasting shades and with small reniform and orbicular; the other form has a more reddish cast to the purple-brown of primaries, the reniform and orbicular are often distinctly larger and the secondaries of the @ appear to be paler. The two forms are extremely alike, and we must confess that individual specimens have caused us considerable trouble to place. The differences in the @ genitalia are slight but constant, the first form having a shorter inner branch to the harpe, the outer branch being not so evenly rounded at its base and much longer, whilst in the second form the two branches form a very regular U, and the inner is only slightly shorter than the outer. We found considerable difficulty in de- termining whether names were valid for each of these species. Declarata W\1k., the oldest name available, we knew was based on a Vancouver Island male; we had seen the type once but this was before we had realized the existence of two species; from the specimens before us from this region we believed it would apply to the second form and used it in this sense in our list. Campestris Grt., another available name, was? first described in the October number of the Can. Ent., 1875, VII, 188; a few months later (December) a redescription appeared in the Proc. Acad. Nat: Sci. Phil., p. 423. The specimens from which the description was drawn were from Orillia, Canada, (Norman); N. Y. (Mead); Vancouver Is. (Hy. Edwards), and in the December number of the Can. Ent. for the same year Grote figured the Orillia speci- men, a female, (Pl. 1, Fig. 6) designating it (p. 227) as the type. We believe that this action on Grote’s part must be taken as definitely fixing the type specimen and “that, therefore, the specti- men in the British Museum, a 2 from New York, which bears the tvpe label can at the most be considered a Paratype. Very possibly the Orillia specimen is also in the British Museum as Hampson’s catalogue mentions a female from Canada (Norman); if so 1t-should be marked as type; it will be interesting to dis- cover whether the two specimens, the real type and the pseudo- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 1935 type, represent the same species or whether Grote’s type series was mixed. Judging by his figured type we were led to apply the name campestris to the first form mentioned by us, but this will need verification by an actual examination of the specimens, which possibly Mr. Dod can carry out. Decolor Morr. presents a still more difficult and unsatisfactory - problem, since the type specimens cannot be found and are probably destroyed; we placed the species tentatively as a synonym of declayata but should not be surprised if it really were found to be a dark form of tessellata; the original description (1874, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. Hist., XVII, 162) is poor but mentions a dark, terminal area and dark space between the spots, also a whitish hind-wing with dark border; in Can. Ent. VII, 214, Morrison elaborates on his previous description but his series then probably contained both forms, and his remark about a yellow spot being present at the base of the tegule certainly savors of fessellata, although the fact that a slight, whitish scaling is often visible in declarata makes it impossible to definitely refer decolor to tessellata on these grounds. -Euxoa orbicularis Sm. The specimens figured by us (Contr. 1, (4), Pl. XVII) as this species does not belong here at all but should be referred to remota Sm., a spectes doubtfully distinct from fessellata. The true orbicularis, the type of which we have seen in the Tepper collection, is an entirely different species which we have not yet satisfactorily indentified in our material, but which seems best placed somewhere near merens Grt. Euxoa remota Sm. We cannot agree with Mr. Dod in re- ferring tristicula to this species; it is true that the @’s in the Hy. Edwards’ collection represent nesilens but the & specimen in the National Museum, labeled ‘‘type’’ and to which the name must be held is a form (superficially like nesilens we admit) closely . allied to some of the fesselloides forms and well matched by the specimen we figured as orbicularis (Pl. XVII, Fig. 16). Graptolitha winnipeg Sm. If a specimen before us compared with type and marked ‘“‘exact’’ be correct, we cannot agree with Mr. Dod’s reference of this species to laticinerea. The colour of the primaries in winnipeg is a distinctly dark blue-gray without the greenish tinge found in Jaticinerea; a reference of winnipeg to unimoda would have surprised us less. 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST LECTOTYPES OF THE, SPECIES: OF HYMENOPTERA (EXCEPT APOIDEA) DESCRIBED BY ABBE PROVANCHER. BY A. B. GAHAN AND S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D.C. (Continued from page 17.) Semiotellus suborbicularis. Type.—Yellow label 972. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Sigalphus canadensis. Type.—Female, 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec, pinned opposite male with name label and yellow label 594. Both lack head, type-has wings crumpled. Sigalphus trisectus. Type.—Male, blue label 115; yellow label 1302. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Spalangia aenea. Type.—Harrington Coll. Spathius laflammei. Type.—Female, yellow label 563. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Dirty, apices of antenne gone. Sphacophilus crawii. Type.—Cat. No. 1979, U. S. Nat. Mus. Sphaerophthalma alveolata. Type.—yYellow label 1685. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tagged ‘‘Cap Rouge.”’ Sphaerophthalma argentipilis. Type.—Male, white label 17 (in pencil); yellow label 1406. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Sphaerophthalma unicincta. Type.—Yellow label 751. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Sphaeropyx ovalis. Type.—Female, yellow label 1272. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Badly tagged. Sphaeropyx parvus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1027. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Apices of antennz gone. Sphaeropyx quebecensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 601. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Right antenna and apex of left, gone. Steniola duplicata. Type.—Male, yellow label 1614. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Apex of left antenna gone. Stilpnus appendiculatus. Type.—Not located. Stilpnus canadensis. Type.—Male, yellow label 234. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne broken at apex; abdomen, right fore-wing and all legs except one front one broken off; abdo- men and part of legs glued on yellow label. Stilpnus deficiens. Type.—Harrington Coll. Antenne . Missing and wings dirty. June, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 197 Stilpnus laevis. Type.—Yellow label 702. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne (right at 7th joint, left at scape), legs on right side at coxe, left hind leg, right fore-wing and abdomen gone. : Strongylogaster abnormis. Type.—Female, yellow label 1147. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Allotype-—Male without label. Strongylogaster albosectus. Type.—Female, yellow label 96. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks right flagellum. Two specimens without labels. Strongylogaster impressatus. Type.—Not located. _ Strongylogaster luctuosus. Type.—Female, Harringtcn Coll. Strongylogaster pallicoxus. Type.—Female, yellow label . 1149. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Allotype—Male, Harring- ton Coll. Paratype.—Female, also Harrington Coll. Strongylogaster politus. Species must be accredited to Cresson. Type.—Female, Philadelphia No. 274. Male, yellow label 498; Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec, not a type. Strongylogaster proximus. Type.—Female, Harrington Coll. Paratype.—Yellow label 1159. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Strongylogaster soriculatus. Type.—Female, yellow label 692: name label “‘Strongylogaster soriculatipes Prov.’’ in Prov. hand. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Synairema americana. Type.—Female, yellow label 1081. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks right flagellum. Synairema pacifica. Type.—Female, Harrington Coll. An- tenne and right fore-wing gone. Synaldis pilicornis. Type.—Female, yellow label 1165. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Ovipositor broken off. Syntomaspis splendens. Type.—Harrington Coll. Abdo- men missing. Tapinoma boreale. Type.—Yellow label 1403. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Eight specimens on one tag. Badly glued. Taxonus floridanus. Type.—Cat. No. 13965, U. S. Nat. Mus. Paratype.—Yellow label 1540. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Taxonus parens. Type.—Female, Harrington Coll. An- tenne wanting. ; Taxonus robustus Type—Yellow label 931. 2nd Coil. — Pub. Mus., Quebec. ~Flagellum gone. Telenomus rufoniger. Type.—Yellow label 1364. . 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Telenomus stygicus. Type.—White label 20; yellow label 1120. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec Abdomen gone. Tenthredo atrocoerulea. Type.—Not located. Probably returned to collector. (Geddes). Tenthredo basilaris. Type—Female, yellow label 58 and name label Tenthredo signata Nort. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Proved by Prov. Catalogue. Tenthredo cingulata. Type.—Female, yellow label 59, and name label Tenthredo verticalis Say. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Proved by Prov. Catalogue. Tenthredo decorata. Type.—Not located. Tenthredo erythromea. Type.—Harrington Coll. Female. Paratype.—Yellow label 1154. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tenthredo jocesa. Type.—Female, yellow label 494. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fenthredo lineata. Type.—Female, yellow label 63. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks part of flagellum. Tenthredo mellicoxa. Type.—Female, yellow label 109; white label ‘109 mellicoxa.”’ 1st Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tenthredo montana. Type.—Not located. Probably re- turned to collector. (Capt. Geddes.) Tenthredo nigricostata. Type.—Female, Harrington Coll. Lacks antenne. Tenthredo pallicoxa. Type.—Female, yellow label 69. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Rather dirty. Tenthredo ruficoxa Type.— Female, Harrington Coll. Right median tarsi gone, slightly dirty. Tenthredo terminalis. Type.—Male, Harrington Coll. Left flagellum gone. ; Tetrastichus trisulcatus. Type.—Harrington Coll. Fair. Allotype.—Yellow label 1377. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly glued. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 Thalessa quebecensis. Type.—Not located. Theocolax canadensis. Type.—Yellow label 1030. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly glued. Thersilochus errabundus. Type.—Harrington Coll. Thersilochus maturus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1227, blue label 106 (s). 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Thersilochus micans. Type.—Female, yellow label 372. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Allotype.—Male, yellow label 1040. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Right antenna at scape missing, abdomen broken off at petiole but glued on yellow label. Thersilochus pallipes. Type.—Female, yellow label 676. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Antenne broken at tips. Thyreocera lzeviscutum. Type.—Yellow label 1322. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly glued. Thyreopus elongatus. Type.—Not located. Thyreopus rugosopunctatus. Type.—Female, blue-green label 851(s); yellow label 1445. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Thyreopus sinuatus. Type.—Not located. Probably re- turned to collector. Tiphia minor. Type.—Not located. Trichacius clavatus. Type.—Blue label 764; yellow label 1376. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Trichacis auripes. Type.—Not located. Trichiosoma taylori. Type.—Female. Lacks left antenna. Allotype—male. Ent. Branch, Dept. Agr., Ottawa. Male para- tvpe.—Yellow label 1151. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Trogus canadensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 241. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Allotype.—Male, yellow label 194. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Trogus quebecensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 240. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Right antenna gone. Tropistes elegans. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, un- less under Arvotes amoenus Cress. Tryphon canaliculatus. Type.—Female, vellow label 325. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Fair. Tryphon clapini. Type.—Female, vellow label 421. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Es Ne a i oa es ee Tryphon clypeatus. Type.—Male, yellow label 333. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. . Tryphon dionnei. Type.—Female, yellow label 657. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks left flagellum. Tryphon dorsalis. Type.—Female, yellow label 363. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tryphon dufresnei. Type.—Female, not located. Allo- type.—Male, yellow label 329. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tryphon excavatus. Type.—Female, yellow label 1560. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks apex of right antenna. Tryphon fractus. Type.—Male, blue label 560. 2nd Coll. . Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tryphon hervieuxii. Type—Female, yellow label 656. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Head gone. Tryphon pediculatus. Type.—Male, yellow label 1236. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tryphon rufigaster. Type.—Female, yellow label 1562. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Tryphon rufopectus. Type.—Male, yellow label 1563. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Poor condition, apices of flagellum gone. Tryphon scutellaris. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless as var. of dufresnet Prov. Tryphon tuberculifer. Type.—Female, yellow label 1237; labeled ‘‘Tryphon tuberculiferus Prov.” 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Trypoxylon striatum. Type.—Not located. Probably re- turned to collector. Urocerus tricolor. Type.—Female, yellow label 72. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Westwoodiafumipennis. Type.—Female, yellow label 388. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Xiphidion canadensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 138. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Xiphydria canadensis. Type.—Female, yellow label 187. Ist Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Apices of left wings wanting. Xorides canadensis. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Xylonomus albopictus Cress. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 201 Xylonomus calidus. Type.—Female, blue label 596, in large figures. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Xylonomus lavallensis. Type.—Not in Pub. Mus., Quebec, unless under Xylonomus humeralis Say. Zele basalis. Type.—Female, white label 81; yellow label 1483. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly tagged. Zele cinctus. Type.—Male, yellow label 729. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Abdomen, left legs, left fore-wing and part of antenne gone. Zele curtus. Type.—Female, blue label 277(s); yellow label 1276. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Wings somewhat matted. Zele gracilis. Type.—Male, yellow label 1277. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Badly tag-mounted. Zele palliventris. Type.—Female, yellow label 573. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. Lacks left flagellum and all legs except left front leg; abdomen glued on card. Zele rufipes. Type.—Female, yellow label 731. 2nd Coll. Pub. Mus., Quebec. THE EARLY STAGES OF EMPOASCA TRIFASCIATA SILL:* BY HARRY B. WEISS AND EDGAR L. DICKERSON,* NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. While not recorded in Smith’s List of the Insects of New Jersey, this attractive little leaf-hopper appears to be fairly well distributed in New Jersey, having been found by the writers on poplar at Irvington, Red Bank, Ridgefield, Trenton and New Brunswick. De Long in his ‘‘Leafhoppers or Jassoidea of Ten- nessee”’ (Bull. 17, Vol. V, No. 2, Tenn. State Bd. Ent.) records it as being swept from cottonwood at Clarksville, Tenn., and Van Duzee in his check list of the ‘Hemiptera of America, North of Mexico,” gives its distribution roughly as ‘‘Eastern States to the Mississippi Valley and Eastern Canada.”’ It was described by Gillette in the Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. XX, p. 726 (1898) from specimens taken at Douglas Co., Kansas, Champaign, IIL, 1TIdentified by E. P. Van Duzee. *The arrangement of the authors’ names has no significance, and _ indi- cates neither seniority nor precedence. June, 1918 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and Ames, Iowa, having been found on cottonwood at the latter locality. In New Jersey it has been found on both Carolina poplar (Populus deltoides) and Lombardy Poplar (Populus nigra italica) principally on the former. Over-wintering takes place in the egg stage, the eggs being found in young twigs and hatching occurs Fig. 8.—Empoasca trifasciaia Gill. during the last of May or first part of June. From three to four weeks are required for the nymphal stages, and by the last of June or first of July, adults of the first brood are present. Summer eggs are then deposited in the tissue of young twigs, and these hatch during the last week of July. By the last of August, adults of a second brood are present. Winter eggs are deposited during THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 203 September, and the adults linger on the trees until the cool weather of early October. Both the nymphs and adults are very active. After hatch- ing, the nymphs make their way to the leaves and can be found on both surfaces, principally the lower. They appear to scatter con- siderably after the early stages. In one instance only, early in the season, a colony of nymphs was found, but during the re- mainder of the season, all stages of the nymphs were found singly on the leaves and scattered over the trees. When many nymphs are present, their feeding produces a characteristic, whitish dis- colouration of the upper leaf surface. The adults are extremely active and scatter soon after emer- gence. On rainy days they exhibit a tendency to collect to a certain extent on the foliage, and at these times many can be ob- tained without difficulty. Egg.—Length 0.92 mm., width 0.15 mm. Translucent, cylindrical, elongate, sides parallel; basal end rounded: neck bent slightly to one side; slightly curved when viewed laterally. The eggs appear to be laid singly in the last made growth of the twig. The position of each egg is indicated by a blister-like elevation of the bark about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter. These blisters may be either circular or oval. Each egg is firmly embedded in the tissue under the bark with its long axis parallel to the twig and with its cap facing the bark. Upon removing the blister- _ like elevation of the bark, only a slight discolouration of the green tissue indicates the presence of-an egg. On account of their translucence, they blend with the tissue and are easily overlooked unless a careful search is made. The blisters are found anywhere on the young twigs, sometimes in groups of two or three, but more often widely removed from each other. First stage nymph.—Length 1.25 mm., width of head includ-- ing eyes 0.26 mm. Shape elongate, broadest at head and fore part of abdomen, tapering posteriorly. Dorsal surface reddish brown. Fine median white line on front of head and dorsal sur- face of head and thorax. First and second abdominal segments white. Dorsal surface of head, each thoracic and abdominal seg- ment bearing transverse rows of hairs; several hairs on head and a transverse row on posterior margin of each thoracic and abdo- 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST minal segment. Eyes prominent. Antenne reddish brown, about one-half the length of the body. Legs reddish brown except coxa, trochanter, basal portion of femur, apical end of tibia and base of tarsus which are light. Femur and tibia bearing hairs. Rostrum extending to second pair of legs. Second stage nymph.—Length 1.72 mm., width of head in- cluding eyes 0.46 mm. Similar to first stage but slightly darker. Median line indicated on dorsal surface. Third stage nymph.—Length 2.1 mm., width of head including eyes 0.5 mm. Similar to preceding stage but slightly darker. Dorsal surface of thorax depressed. Sides of mesothorax extend- ing half way through metathorax. Metathorax extending slightly at sides. Antenne two-fifths the length of the body. — : Fourth stage nymph.—Length 2.8 mm., width of head includ- ing eyes 0.7 mm. Similar to third stage but darker. Light median dorsal line indicated on abdomen in some specimens. Wing-pads of equal length, decidedly more pronounced, narrow, extending to the third abdominal segment. Fifth stage nymph.—Length 3.5 mm., width of head including eyes 0.75 mm. Dorsal surface dark, reddish brown. Fine median line on front and dorsal surface of head and thorax. A light patch on each side of line on head. Median posterior portion of meso- thorax white. Surface of metathorax white, tinged with brown. Wing-pads of equal length, long, narrow, reaching fourth abdominal segment. Fine, median, dorsal line indicated on abdomen. Eyes prominent, Antenne reddish brown, basal joints darker, one- third length of body. Legs, light reddish brown, lighter at base of femur and tip of tibia. Coxa and trochanter white. Rostrum white, reaching to between second pair of legs. Adult.—Empoasca trifasciata Gillette. The description of this species by Gillette in “American Leaf-hoppers of the Subfamily Typhlocybine” (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol.- XX, - p. 726) fol- lows: ‘‘Pale green, with three transverse, smoky bands above. Length 4mm. Face golden yellow above, shading into green on the clypeus, with a broad, whitish, median stripe; face fully as long as broad. Front with sides nearly parallel, two-thirds longer than broad between the eyes, very obtusely rounded above. Clypeus about one-third longer than broad, a little less than one- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 205 half the length of the front, broad at the base, constricted at the upper One-third, rather blunt at the apex. Gene appearing as a mere line past the lore but nearly attaining the tip of the clypeus; gene, lore and clypeus pale green. Vertex slightly longer at the middle than at the eyes, very obtusely rounded in front, colour golden yellow, paler on posterior margin, having a slender, dark median line, ocelli pits large and pale in colour, but no ocelli; eyes very black and large, shortest distance between the eyes 1.7 times the length of the vertex at the middle. Pronotum twice the length of the vertex and nearly twice as wide as long; anterior two-thirds golden yellow, the remainder black. Scutellum bright green at tip but somewhat smoky on posterior portion. Elytra pale green, a deep smoky transverse band at the middle of the clavus, not quite attaining the costal margin, the apical area deep smoky on inner half, second apical cell with a short peduncle. Tergum washed with golden yellow, venter pale green, tips of pygofers and ovipositor deep green. Legs pale green with tips of tibiz and tarsi deep blue green.” AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE CERAMBYCIDA OF CALIFORNIA. BY RICHARD T. GARNETT, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, CAL (Continued from page 177.) 53. Aneflus volitans LeConte. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. 54. Aneflus prolixus LeConte. Found at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 55. Aneflus protensus LeConte. Found at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 56. Aneflus linearis LeConte. Found at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 57. Eustroma validum LeConte. Found in Southeastern California and at San José del Cabo, Lower California. 58. Compsa puncticollis LeConte. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. 59. Compsa quadriplagiata LeConte. Found at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. June, 1918 206 60. — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Poecilobrium chalybeum LeConte. Found in the middle part of California, common on flowers of Ceanothus at Pasadena; also on poison oak flowers in Sonoma Co. June 3—July 7. Poecilobrium rugosipenne Linnell. One specimen taken from California. Eumichthus oedipus LeConte. Found in Humboldt and Sonoma Counties on flowers of Spiraea. Phyton discoideum LeConte. Found at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. Hybodera tuberculata LeConte. A number of specimens have been taken by Ricksecker at Camp Meeker, Sonoma County. Breeds on maple in Washington. Hybodera debilis LeConte. Found in Los Angeles County by Fall. Has been beaten from live oak in the Bay Counties by Van Dyke. Callimus cyanipennis LeConte. Found occasionally in Northern California and Sierras. Taken frequently in Southern California, at Los Angeles on Ceanothus by Fall. Found on Ceanothus, Spiraea, and other flowers by Van Dyke. Callimus ruficollis LeConte. Found commonly in Northern California on Ceanothus and poison oak flowers by Van Dyke. I found this so numerous in June in Lake County as to be present in almost every sweeping of poison oak; so numerous that most were allowed to escape. June 7—July 9 Megobrium edwardsii LeConte. This has been found on live oak at Pomona by Fall, on oak at San Diego by Blaisdell, taken from Ceano- thus twigs at Monterey by Slevin, and also found at Santa Rosa Island. Callimoxys sanguinicollis Olivier (C. fuscipennis Lec.—male). Found rarely in Southern California, common in Northern California on flowers of Ceanothus and poison oak. June 1—July 3. J or 78. C9; 80. . Molorchus longicollis LeConte. bo =) ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Found rarely in Southern California, common in Northern California on Ceanothus and various other flowers. June 13. Rhopalophora bicincta Horn. Found in Lower California. Rhopalophora rugicollis LeConte. Found in Lower California. Holopleura helena LeConte. (H. marginata Lec.—female). Found in Northern California and Sierras, rare in Southern California. Bred by the author from laurel at Oakland, Alameda Co. June 28—July 3. Rosalia funebris MotschuJsky. This is common in the redwood belts of Marin and Sonoma Counties. Breeds -in laurel (Umbellularia californica). In State of Washington it breeds in ash. Taken at Oakland, June 21. Dendrobias mandibularis Serv. (quadrimaculatus Dup.) Has been found commonly by Fall on the wing in early evening, about the willows along the Colorado River at Yuma in July. Found in Lower California. July 5. Lissonothus multifasciatus Dup. Found in Arizona; supposed also to be in vicinity of Yuma. Found in Lower California. Stenaspis solitaria Serv. Common at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. Tragidion annulatum LeConte. Found by Fall at Pomona, Pasadena, Lower Cali- fornia; by Van Dyke at Banning on mesquite; by Cottle at Upper Soda Springs, Shasta Co.; also by Van Dyke on South Fork of the King’s River Canyon, Fresno. Tragidion armatum LeConte. Found by Van Dyke at Newhall, Los Angeles Co., sucking the sap of Yucca whipplei. Purpuricenus dimidiatus LeConte. Taken by Blaisdell at San Diego, by Van Dyke in Shasta Co., by Huguenon at Alma, Santa Cruz Co. 208 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sas Sh ee et Found on Yerba Santa, locally called “Mountain Balm.” July 12. 81. Metaleptus angulatus Chevrolat. Found in desert region of Southern California. 82. Amannus pectoralis LeConte. Location given as Yuma by LeConte. 83. Batyle suturalis Say. Taken in numbers by author in latter part of May at Calistoga, Napa County. On Ceanothus flowers. May 28—June 27. 84. Oxoplus marginatus LeConte. This and the following may be sexes. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. 85. Oxoplus cruentus LeConte. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. 86. Oxoplus jocosus Horn. Rare in the foothills near Pomona; found by Fall fly- ing in day-time along the streams. 87. Crossidius ater LeConte. Found in Nevada. Probably is also found in adjacent parts of California. x 88. Crossidius testaceus LeConte. Found at San Diego by Ricksecker, flying in Septem-" ber. Breeds on the roots of Bigelovia arborescens. 89. Crossidius intermedius Ulke. Found in Los Angeles County on small, yellow-flowered plants. 90. Crossidius discoideus Say. Taken by Coquillett in Mountains of Los Angeles County. ; 91. Perarthrus vittatus LeConte. Found by Ricksecker at San Diego in September on the flowers of Bigelovia arborescens. 92. Sphenothecus suturalis LeConte. No data on this species. 93. Sphenothecus basalis Horn. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 209 94. Stenosphenus novatus Olivier. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. Several specimens were beaten from willow ‘in July at Yuma by Fall. 95. Cyllene antennatus White. Common in the deserts of Southern California, breed- ing in mesquite. Has been picked up on the streets of Los Angeles. Also bred by Van Dyke from mesquite brought to Los Angeles as fire wood. 96. Cyllene crinicornis Chevrolat. Found in the deserts of Southern California. Have a specimen sent to me from Hololulu, T. H. 97. Clytus lanifer LeConte. Found throughout the State, especially north of San Francisco and in the Sierras. Taken by Van Dyke on the flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum. Abundant on the flowers of the chestnut oak in Sonoma Co. Also taken in the San Bernardino Mts. by Van Dyke. Taken by myse f at Newcastle in July. 98. Clytus planifrons LeConte. [Xylotrechus in Henshaw—6189]. Found rarely north of San Francisco and in the Sierras. Bred by Rivers from dead branches of willow at San Francisco. 99. Xylotrechus undulatus Say. Found in northern part of the State and in the Sierras. Breeds in Pseudotsuga taxifolia and probably other coniferous trees. Taken at St. Helena, Napa Co., by the author from cordwood of Pinus ponderosa. June 1—-July 30. 100. Xvylotrechus insignis Lec.—female. (X. obliteratus Lec. male). Breeds in various species of willow; found in all parts of State. There are two forms, one of them a southern form with much yellow pubescence. 101. Xylotrechus annosus Say. Rare in northern part of State. Taken by author at Donner Lake in July. Taken by Van Dyke in Trinity County breeding in poplar. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 1 el 112. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Xylotrechus nauticus Mannerheim. Found commonly throughout the State. Taken by Blaisdell and Van Dyke breeding in live oak; taken by Blaisdell and Pierson breeding in Eucalyptus globulus at San Diego and Berkeley, respectively. Also taken in Sonoma County by Ricksecker. June 2—Aug. 14. Neoclytus trroratus LeConte. Rare, but several have been found in Southern Cali- fornia. Taken at Pasadena by Dagget, at Santa Barbara by Fall, at Los Angeles, Mt. Shasta, and the south fork of the King’s River Canyon by Van Dyke. Neoclytus conjunctus LeConte. ; Found in Northern California. Taken by Van Dyke breeding in manzanita and madrone; found by Kusche breeding in Quercus douglasi and Fraxinus oregona. Neoclytus muricatulus Wirby. Feeds on Pseudotsuga taxifolid in the northern part of the State. Neoclytus balteatus LeConte. Rare, 2 taken in Shasta County, one by Caries one by Van Dyke; taken on manzanita. One taken by Van Dyke near the King’s River, Fresno County, and one by Slevin near Monterey. Neoclytus interruptus LeConte. Found in Northern California. July 26. Neoclytus modestus Fall. Taken by Fall and Hopping at Pasadena and Kaweah, respectively. Neoclytus carus Fall. Found in the mountains near Pasadena by Fall, and at Santa Monica by Van Dyke. Neoclytus tenuiscriptus Fall. Taken by Fall at Pasadena and Claremont. Euderces parallelus LeConte. Found at San José del Cabo, Lower California. Callichroma cobaltinum LeConte. Found at Cape San Lucas, Lower California. 113. 114. 115. 116. KET. TER: 119. 122. 123. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 211 Atimia confusa Say. ; This has been cited from California by Henshaw, but this is doubtful. (Teste Van Dyke). Atimia dorsalis Le Conte. Found mainly in the north and in the middle Sierras. Is found rarely at Riverside. Taken by Van Dyke breeding in post cedar. Desmocerus auripennis Chevrolat. Found from Mt. Shasta to Mt. Whitney in the high Sierras, breeding in mountain elderberry. Taken at Truckee in July by myself. July 7. Desmocerus cribripennis Horn. Found mainly in Coast Belt not more than several miles from the sea, as far south as Mt. Tamalpias. Breeds in red-berried elderberry trees. (Van Dyke). Desmocerus californicus Horn. Rare, found from Los Angeles north through the coast range to Marin County. Breeds in black-berried elder- berry trees. (Van Dyke). Necydalis laevicollis LeConte. Found in Northern California. Bred from tan bark oak by H. C. Muzzall. Necydalis cavipennis LeConte. Found in Santa Cruz County, also on Russian River. Taken by Van Dyke in the North, and by Ricksecker in San Diego and Sonoma Counties. Necydalis barbare Rivers. Found rarely at Santa Barbara. Ulochetes leoninus LeConte. Found in Northern California and Sierras, also San Bernardino Mts. Bred from P. ponderosa by Van Dyke at Sissons and King’s River. Pyrotrichus vitticollis LeConte. Found by Fuchs and Van Dyke breeding in the heart- wood of alders about San Francisco Bay. May 29. Leptalia macilenta Mannerheim. Breeds in willow, found along the coast belt from 212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST northern boundary to Santa Cruz. Taken at Oakland, November 2. 124. Rhagium lineatum Olivier. Breeds in various pines. Found by Blaisdell breeding in yellow pine; by author on Jeffrey pine at Summit, Nevada County; by Slevin on Monterey pine at Mon- terey. Found north and throughout the Sierras. June 18—July 29. 125. Centrodera nevadica LeConte. Taken by Fuchs near Lake Tahoe; by Blaisdell at San Diego; by Pilate in Tulare County; by Van Dyke in Trinity County, breeding in Pinus ponderosa. 126. Toxotus vestitus Hald. Common in Northern California and throughout the Sierras. Found on flowers of wild hollyhock, azalea, lupine, etc. There are several colour varieties. Taken at Oakland, June 2. var. nubifer LeConte. var. lateralis Casey. Taken at San Francisco. 127. Toxotus flavolineatus LeConte. This is the western phase of T. vittiger Rand (=T. trivittatus Say). Found in the deep woods of the coast belt just north of San Francisco. 128. Pachyta monticola Rand. Rare in the Sierras and north, probably feeds on spruce. 129. Pachyta liturata Kirby. Found at high altitudes in the Sierras. Taken by Daggett on Mt. Whitney at elevation of 8,000—9,000 feet. Taken by Van Dyke at Mt. Shasta at elevation of 8,000 feet, breeding in fir. 130. Pachyta spurca LeConte. Several specimens taken by Fall at Echo Mt., Southern California. Found by Van Dyke at Santa Monica. Breeds in Pseudotsuga taxifolia. It flys at night and is attracted to light. Is more common in the Sierras and north of San Francisco. July 13. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138 139. 140. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 213 Anthophilax tenebrosus LeConte. Rare in the Sierras, several specimens having been — taken in Placer and Eldorado Counties. July 13. Acmeops pinguis LeConte. This is probably a variety of A. tumida LeConte. Acmeops tumida LeConte. Rare in Southern California; common in Central and Northern Califcrnia on flowers, especially Ranunculus californicus, wild sunflower, wild hollyhock, etc. Taken by author at Oakland and Calistoga. June 1—Novem- ber 7. Acmecps viola LeConte. Found in the extreme northern part of the State on flcwers. Also taken at Calistoga by author. May 28. Acmeofs vincta LeConte. DescrilLed from Montana, also takeats in Oregon. Prob- ably found in the extreme north of California. Acme@ops basalis LeConte. Common in the middle of California and occasionally in the north on wild rose and certain umbelliferous _- plants. Jurte 20. Acmeops militaris LeConte. Fairly common in parts of the extreme north of the State and in the Sierras. Taken in Sonoma County by Ricksecker. June 11—July 21. Acmeops falsa LeConte. Found by Daggett at Mt. Whitney, between the leaves of Yucca whipplei. Taken by Van Dyke in June on flowers, especially those of wild holly. Found also at Calmalli Mines, Lower California. Acmeops proteus Kirby Taken by author at Calistoga, June 1. Reported from Lower California. Acme@ops pratensis Laich. Rare in Northern California and occasionally in the higher Sierras as far south as Mt. Whitney. More common in the North and in the Rockies. (To be continued) 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ON THE VALIDITY OF EUPITHECIA HARLEQUINARIA DYAR. BY E. H. BLACKMORE, VICTORIA, B.C. In the Check List of B. C. Lepidoptera, published by the Pro- vincial Department of Agriculture in 1916, the late Rev. G. W. Taylor listed Eupitheeia harlequinaria Dyar as a synonym of bifasciata Dyar. Later, in the Can. Ent., Vol. XVII, No. 3, p: 80, he says of harleguinaria that ‘‘one of the Victoria specimens passed through my hands and I have no hesitation in saying thet it was merely a very brightly coloured, fresh specimen of bifasciata.”’ As I have been making a special study of the B. C. Geometrids for the past four years, I was naturally interested.in the above re- mark. In 1914 I took a worn specimen of Eupithecia which was referable to harlequinaria as compared by me with one of the types which is in the Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C. In 1915 I took another specimen, which was in perfect con- dition and matches the type exactly. Through the kindness of Mr. J. W. Cockle, of Kaslo, who sent’ me_ three specimens of bifasciata | have been able to make a careful comparison of them, and I have no hesitation in saying that they are two distinct, and easily recognizable species, and that they are not liable to be con- fused one with the other. One of Mr. Cockle’s specimens bears a label in his handwriting: ‘‘One of the original set from which Dyar’s determination was made’’ and I presume that Mr. Cockle means that it is one of the short series that he had, from which Dr. Dyar selected the one which he made the type. However, it exactly fits Dr. Dyar’s description of bifasciata (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XXVII, p. 891). Dr. Dyar’s description of harlequinaria (Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., vol. 7, p. 29, 1905) is par- ticularly good, and the specimen I took in 1915 fits the description in every particular. Anyone reading the two descriptions together could not, by any stretch of the imagination, believe them to refer to the same species, and it is inconceivable to me that Dr. Dyar would de- scribe the same insect twice in such a short space of time. The most striking difference between the two species is the presence, in harlequinaria of a large, bright, ochreous patch on the upper side of the primaries, running from the discal spot to fringe, and occupying the space between veins 3 and 4, overspreading each a tay Oe eR en 1S ie Shy Can ENT: Voce. L. PLaTE III. EXPLANATION OF PLATE III. ig. 1.—Eupithecia harlequinaria Dyar. Type specimen in Provincial Museum, Victoria, B.C. Taken by E. M. Anderson, May 20, 1903. Fig. 2.—Euptthecia harlequinaria Dyar. at Victoria, B.C., by E. Fig. 3.—Eupijhecia bifasciata Dyar. Taken at Kaslo, B.C., by J. W. Cockle, June 7 Fig. 4.—Eupithecia bifasciata Cockle, June 17, 1507. Agrees with type, bu t isa perfect specimen. Taken H. Blackmore, May 2, 1915. ; i : r One of the short series from which Dyar selected his type. , 1903. Dyar. Agrees with Fig. 3. Taken at Kaslo, B.C., by J. W. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 little. It is an irregular oval patch, measuring approximately 5 mm. in breadth by 2 mm. in depth. This at once distinguishes it from any other Exupithecia known to me. The btroad, whitish band at the outer third, which is a dis- tinguishing feature of bifasciaia is not present in harlequinaria. Apart from the difference in maculation, they also differ in time of emergence. My two specimens of harlequinaria were taken May 2nd, 1915, and May 22nd, 1914, (worn), respectively, and the type in the Provincial Museum bears a label in Dr. Dyar’s hand- writing: “20th May, 1903.’ The three specimens of bifasciata from Mr. Cockle bear dates June 7th, 1903; June 17th, 1907; and July 3rd, 1910, and Dr. Dyar’s types were June 13th and 25th, so that it is quite evident that there is a full month’s difference in the time of their appearance. : Further I have no record of bifasciata being found west of the Cascade Range, and all the specimens of harlequinaria that I know of, have been taken on the immediate coast. As regards the latter species it must be exceedingly rare, as I can find no record of any specimens being taken at Victoria between those taken by Mr. E. M. Anderson in 1903, and the two that I captured in 1914 and 1915. I have seen all the chief collections in Vancouver and on Vancouver Island, but none of them contain any specimens of harlequinaria. ; In conclusion I think that I have adduced enough evidence to prove conclusively that harlequinaria and bifasciata are two distinct species. AvutTHor’s Note.—This article was written eighteen months ago, but was accidentally mislaid and only recently found. I wrote to Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough, pointing out these dif- ferences about a year ago, and they have listed them as distinct species in their new Check List. BCOK NOTICE. Fre_p Boox oF INsEcts—By Frank E. Lutz,-Ph. D., As- seciate Curator, Dept. of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History. Pp. 509. About 800 illustrations, many in colour. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York and London, 1918. $2.50. This is‘a companion to the Field Book of Wild Birds and their Music, Field Book of American Wild Flowers and Field Book of American Trees and Shrubs, and its aim is to give the kind of 216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SS a SS information about insects usually sought by the laity, with whom the author, in connection with his museum work, has long been in close contact. Its usefulness, however, does not stop here, for it will prove invaluable to every young entomologist and service- able even to those of experience. It contains a great deal of in- fcrmation within a small compass, and although necessarily much condensed it is written in simple language as free as possible from technical terms. The first 38 pages contain brief sections of an introductory nature on the system, growth and structure of insects, longer dis- cussions on collecting and mounting, and on the control of in- juricus forms, and on insect-like Arthrcpods, particularly spiders. The rest of the book treats of the various orders and families, with brief accounts of the commoner or more striking species found in the Northeastern United States. Particular attention is given to such forms are are commonly observed by the layman, such as the larger, more conspicuous or more injurious species, but some notice is taken of nearly all the families. Thus we find that a relatively large space is given, and quite properly so, to the butterflies and larger moths and to some of the beetles. The long-horned beetles, however, receive somewhat more than their share of space, there being a key to the species extending over nearly twenty pages. There are a number of other keys to families and genera and in some cases species, and among the latter is a useful one to the commoner kinds of Muscid flies, which is followed by brief de- scriptions of the characters and habits of the more important species and of the methods of combatting these dangerous insects. There is also a special section at the end of the book on galls, which is illustrated by a large number of figures. The illustrations form a most attractive feature of the book. Almcst 700 of the entire number are the work of Mrs. E. L. Beuten- muller, who deserves great credit for the faithful manner in which she has performed an enormous task. Some of the coloured plates have suffered in the reprcduction but most of them are satisfactory and the black-and-white figures are almost uniformly — excellent. Nearly 600 species are illustrated by one or more figures. We heartily recommend this admirable work to every young entomologist and outdoor naturalist. Mailed June 5th, 1918. i ; q fhe anatliay Futomologist, VoL. L. LONDON, JULY, 1918 No. 7 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. POPILIA JAPONICA NEWM., A RECENTLY INTRODUCED JAPANESE . PEsT. BY EDGAR L. DICKERSON AND HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. While inspecting a nursery in Southern New Jersey during the middle of August, 1916, the attention of the writers was at- tracted by a scarabzid feeding on the tips of Crategus. Specimens were collected, and inasmuch as it was assumed to be a southern species, no particular attention was paid to it at that time. Recog- nizing, however, that it was new to New Jersey, specimens were recently sent to Mr. H. S. Barber and identified by him as Popilia japonica Newm. Mr. Barber stated that our specimens seemed to agree satisfactorily, even in the female genitalia, with the series of Japanese specimens in the collection of the United States Na- tional Museum. He also stated that this was the first record of the genus from America, and further that species in allied genera have caused considerable trouble in the Old World and when introduced into various of the Pacific Islands. On July 31, soon after receiving this information, the nursery was visited and the beetles found to be present. They were especially abundant on weeds in one corner of the nursery, and to a lesser extent on adjoining nursery stock. On August 8, 1917, the nursery was again visited for the purpose of determining the exact status of the insect. At this time a considerable area was scouted and the following conditions observed. The beetles were found to be extremely abundant on weeds growing along one side ™ of the nursery and extending at one point for a few feet into an adjoining orchard and along one side of the orchard away from the nursery and for a couple of hundred yards beyond. The infested area was small but the beetles numerous, and the line of spread ap- peared to have followed the weeds. At several places the insects were found on nursery stock, in most cases not far from the heavily infested weeds. 218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The feeding appears to be somewhat like that of the rose chafer and other scarabeids, but the destruction of the foliage is much more complete. Smartweed (Polygonum virginianum), tear- thumb (7%iniaria arifolium) both belonging to the Polygonacee, evening primrose (Oenothera biennis), Virginia creeper (Ampelopsis quinquefolia), a member of the Vitacez, were the principal food plants among the weeds, and in some cases the leaves of these plants were completely riddled. Other weeds infested to a less extent were ragweed (Ambrosia sp.), velvet leaf or Indian mallow Fig. 9.—Popilia japonica Newm. (Abutilon avicenne), jewel weed (Impatiens sp.) and the -tlossoms of milkweed (Asclepias syriaca). In the nursery the beetles were found feeding on the foliage of Ampelopsis quinquefolia, flowering cherry. grape, elder, Crataegus, button bush, and in or on the flowers of double Althea, Spirea and Vitex agnus-casius. They were especially abundant on the foliage of the first three plants, and sometimes four or five were found buried in the double Althea flowers. On the smartweed as many as a dozen were found on single leaves. It was interesting to note that in the nursery, the beetles had apparently passed over the flowers and foliage of hydrangia and the foliage of Deutzia, peony and some other THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 219 plants and infested Althea blossoms and Ampelopsis foliage further away. Alfalfa, corn, tomatoes, pears in adjoining fields and cow- peas and pole beans in the nursery were uninfested, although the beans were close to the infested weeds. Smartweed in the midst of the cowpeas and tomatoes was badly eaten. The insects were found occasionally resting on other plants such as Tamarix africana in the nursery and corn silk in the field, but no feeding could be detected. When disturbed during the heat of the day, the beetles would partly fall and fly off in a clumsy manner with a slight buzzing sound. On the whole they were quite active. Late in the day they were less active and would fall to the ground when disturbed. A number were noted in the attitude of copulation, but very few were found in copulo. Mr. C. H. Uchida was kind enough to translate accounts of this insect as given in two Japanese text books. The first one is that given by S. Matsumura in his “‘Japanese Insect Pests,’* part 2, p. 247. He states that the beetles do considerable damage to - string beans, grapes and certain wild beans; that the adults emerge in June and remain until September; that they are attracted by lights and controlled by hand picking and spring and fall plow- ing. The other account is that given by A. Fukatani in ‘Practical Methods of Destroying Insects on Horticultural Plants,’ p. 325. Mr. Fukatani gives the following account: The species feeds on string beans, peas, grapes and peanuts, the larve being found in the soilon the roots. The eggs are milky white, elliptical and about one-sixteenth of an inch in length. ._ The larva is a characteristic white grub about three-fourths of an inch long, milky white, with a yellowish brown head. The pupa is about one-half inch in length, yellowish, covered with short hairs. The larva winters in - the soil and pupates in May or June, the beetles emerging in July. Eggs are deposited singly in the soil and the larve moult several times before winter, the complete life cycle requiring one year. He also states that control is effected by jarring the beetles off the plants into a dish of oil and water; by jarring them from trees to a cloth spread below; by spraying with Paris green, lime and water; Paris green and Bordeaux mixture and by the use of Vaporite 220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST in the soil, also that the use of organic manure and_ especially compost should be avoided. From these two accounts it is evident that Popilia japonica is regarded as a pest in Japan. It was probably introduced into New Jersey in the larval stage in the soil around iris roots imported from that country. Japanese iris roots were first planted in the nursery where the infestation occurred about six years ago, and there have been two or three plantings of similar stock since that time. Azaleas imported from Japan have also been planted in this block but not previous to two years ago. Judging from the number of beetles observed, the insects must have been present more than two years. That it was not noticed sooner is due to the fact that its feeding is largely confined to weeds as has been stated. Its rate of dispersal is apparently very slow, as at the present time its feeding in the nursery is confined largely to that part where it apparently originated, and in the weeds outside of the nursery along the road it has not extended more than a few hundred yards. The fact that its rate of dispersal is slow is for- tunate since if it became widely distributed it might become a serious pest on plants of the family Polygonacee such as buck- wheat, and of the family Vitace@, such as grapes and perhaps on plants of other families such as cherry, etc. While the Japanese account states that this insect infests leguminous plants, it is interesting to note that these plants re- mained uninfested althcugh other plants in their midst were hadly eaten, as has been mentioned above. The infestation in New Jersey is under careful observation; infested weeds and nursery plants are being treated with arsenic supplemented by hand pick- ing. In this connection, it is interesting to note that where Ampe- lopsis was sprayed with arsenate of lead, the plants were practically free from the beetles, although previous to the spraying they were badly infested. No dead beetles were observed on the ground un- der the sprayed plants, but after careful observation it was found that some of both sexes had burrowed several inches into the soil under the infested plants. These beetles were very sluggish and had apparently been affected by the poison. The beetle can be recognized from the following brief de- scription: It measures a little less than one-half inch in length THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221 and is similar in shape to species of Euphoria. The body and legs are metallic, bronze green in colour, save for the elytra which are reddish brown with dark margins. The lateral margins of the abdomen bear single tufts of conspicuous yellowish white hairs on each segment and a pair of these tufts on the exposed dorsal surface of the last segment. Each tuft extends downward form- ing a transverse line on the ventral surface, which becomes obsolete in the central portion. The ventral surface of the thorax and the basal segments of the legs are conspicuously hairy. NOTES ON COCCIDZE (HEMIPTERA). BY G. F. FERRIS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. It is the belief of the present author that more may now be accomplished by the redescription of many of our named species of Coccide than by the addition of new forms. Especially is it desirable that the types of many of the non-Diaspine genera be elucidated for the existing descriptions are, in certain cases, so inadequate that only the most vague and unsatisfying conception can be formed from them of the real character of the genera which they typify. Nor will the mere redescription of these forms in terms of the methods heretofore so generally employed by certain authors be sufficient. There must be an accompanying search for characters of real significance. Confidence in the ail-suffi- ciency of the number of antennal segments and the character of the secretions as taxonomic criteria can no longer be maintained. The present paper, therefore, is the first of a proposed series in which redescriptions of and notes upon the more interesting and more significant species available for study will be presented. Throughout these papers no references other than to the Fernald Catalogue and its supplements will be given, except in the case of ~ some which may not be found therein. Genus CRYPTOKERMES Hempel. 1903. Fernald, Catalogue of the Coccide, p. 88. Monophleboid Coccide in which the adult female is entirely without legs-or antennze (and possibly without mouth-parts), re- maining enclosed within the derm of the penultimate stage; penult- July, 1918 222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST imate stage with an anal tube which is formed by the chitiniza- tion of the posterior portion of the anal ring and not by the in- vagination of the posterior portion of the abdomen, with short, stout legs and antenne and with mouth-parts; first larval stage in general resembling the first stage of Icerya, with slender, six- segmented antenne, a well-developed anal tube, and with a series of long, slender setee along the posterior margin of the body; all stages with six pairs of abdominal spiracles. Type of the genus, Cryptokermes brasiliensis Hempel. Notes on the genus.—In the Fernald Catalogue this genus is referred to the subfamily Dactylopiine, and is placed between Ourococcus and Sphaerococcus, apparently because of Cockerell’s statement (1902) that “It is now clear that the genus is related to the Australian Sphaerococcus and Ourococcus.’’ The real nature of the genera mentioned cannot well be determined from the ex- isting descriptions, but it is fairly evident that Cryptokermes is re- lated to neither of them. It is, in fact, unmistakably a Mono- phleboid form, the presence of the abdominal spiracles alone being sufficient evidence of this. I may say that in this opinion Mr. E. E. Green concurs. The exact affinities of the genus are somewhat in doubt. The first stage larva is distinctly Icerya-like, while the inter- mediate stages are very similar to Xylococcus except for the presence of the short legs and antenne. The absence of legs and antenne in the adult female is unique in this group, although by no means uncommon in the Coccide. _ Cryptokermes brasiliensis Hempel. 1903. Fernald, Catalogue of the Coccide, p. 88. Adult female.—Length (flattened on slide) 5 mm. Derm membranous except for a large area of the dorsum(and possibly a portion of the venter) at the anterior end of the body, which is heavily chitinized. The eyes appear as two light spots in this chitinized area, which is thickly beset with short, spike-like spines. Remainder of the body sparingly beset with short, slender sete, except about the vaginal orifice where the sete are longer and more numerous. Dermal pores of the types shown in Fig. 5. The anal tube of the penultimate stage (in my specimens at least) CAN. ENT. VOL. L. PLATE IV CRYPTOKERMES BRASILIENSIS Hempel. (See p. 225.) 224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST remains within the body of the adult female. Spiracles large and distinct. The absence of mouth-parts may be apparent only, as they may possibly be obscured by the heavy chitinization of the anterior portion of the body. Penultimate stage-—Length (flattened on slide) 4.5 mm. Globose in form. Derm everywhere quite heavily chitinized, especially toward the posterior portion of the body, and every- where beset with many short, spike-like spines. Antenne (Fig. 4) short and stout, six-segmented. Legs (Fig. 3) short and stout. Mouth-parts well developed, with a mentum present. Anal tube (Fig. 11) very heavily chitinized, its details not discernible in my specimens. In the specimens at hand the anal tube of this stage remains at the final ecdysis within the body of the adult female, a circular area of the derm of the penultimate stage sur- rounding the base of the tube remains attached to it, breaking away from the shed derm of this stage, and thus leaving an open- ing through which the eggs or larve probably escape. Dermal pores of the types shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8, the type shown in Fig. 7 being merely a more or less irregular chitinized ring. Second (?) stage—Except for the unchitinized derm and the presence of but few spines, resembling the penultimate stage. The anal tube (Fig. 10) chitinized only at the inner end. First stage-—In general much resembling an Icerya larva (Fig. 12). Antenne (Fig. 1) 6-segmented, slender and presenting a clavate appearance, bearing numerous short hairs. Legs (Fig. 2) slender. Posterior end of the body with a series of eight long, slender setze. Derm beset with many pores of the type shown in Fig. 6 and with a few pores of the type of Fig. 8, also with many short, slender setee and toward the posterior end of the body with short, tubercle-like spines. Anal tube well developed, chitinized only at the inner end. Material examined.—Specimens in the Stanford collection from Mimosa sp., Zapotlan, Mex., C. H. T. Townsend collector. Received from T. D. A. Cockerell and evidently a portion of the material recorded by him in 1902. Notes on the species——Yhe adult female. has not heretofore been described, that which both Hempel and Cockerell described ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 225 ~as this stage being in reality the penultimate stage. The form de- scribed by Cockerell as the first stage larva of this species is prob- ably either incorrectly described or does not belong with this species, for he speaks of the presence of ‘‘figure-of-eight’’ pores and of projecting anal lobes. The form described by him as the second stage is what I here consider to be the first stage. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IV. Cryptokermes brasiliensis Hempe!. Fig. 1. Antenna of first stage larva. Fig. 2. Leg of first stage larva. Fig. 3. Leg of penultimate stage. Fig. 4. .Antenna of penultimate stage. Fig. 5. Dermal pore of adult female. Fig. 6. Dermal pore of first stage and succeeding larval stages. Fig. 7. Dermal pore of second (?) and penultimate stages. Fig. 8. Dermal pore of larval stages. Fig. 9. Anal tube of first stage larva. Fig. 10. Anal tube of second (?) stage larva. Fig. 11. Anal tube of penultimate stage. Fig. 12. First stage larva. Note.—Antenne and legs only drawn to uniform scale. THE HEATH COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA. (Continued from Vol. XLIX, p. 92.) BY J. B. WALLIS, WINNIPEG, MAN. The Geometride were, in cases of doubt, submitted to Mr. A. F. Winn or to Drs. Barnes and McDunnough. In all the following species it was considered advisable to give the changes as indicated by the new check list. But as it is ~ improbable that the collection will be re-arranged for a consider- able period; the order of the species in the collection, that is, of the Smith list, is adhered to. The names in brackets are those given in Drs. Barnes and McDunnough’s list. Geometridez. 3504 Nyctobia nigroangulata Strck. 3508 Rachela bruceata Hulst. Rare in Manitoba. July, 1918 3651 3655 3659b 3660 3663 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST eee ee Paleacrita vernata Peck. Alsophila pometaria Harr. Rare in Manitoba. Eudule mendica W\k. Talledega (Lobophora) tabulata Hulst. Tephroclystis (Eupithecia) ornata Hulst. ag miserulata Grt. a ‘ absinthiata Clerck. Not North American according to the new list. Tephroclystis (Eupithecia) ravocostaliata Pack. Eucymatoge (Eupithecia) anticaria Wk. (Horisme) intestinata Guen. A badly worn specimen of this stood as “‘vitalbata.” Euchoeca (Trichodesia) albovittata Guen. ; (Eupithecia) cretaceata Pack. ‘“ (Hydrelia) brunnetfasciata Pack. Hydria (Calocalpe) undulata Linn. Eustroma (Lygris) diversilineata Hbn. * a testata Linn. Stood as “‘populata.” ve : propulsata Wik. Stood as “‘testata.”’ A x destinata Moeschl. var. oh a triangulata Pack. Stood as “‘destinata.” + e cunigerata Wk. Rheumaptera (Eulype) hastata Linn. 23 (Epirrhée) tristata Linn. is FS sociata Bork. (alternata Mull.) Percnoptilota (Orthonama) fluviata Hbn. (obstipata Fab.) Mesoleuca ruficillata Gn. es (Xanthorhée) lacustrata Gn. he (Euphyia) intermediata Gn. Stood in part as Cymatophora flavicaria and what are apparently badly worn specimens of this as Xanthorhée montanata. Mesoleuca (Dysstroma) truncata Hufn. s, :, hersiliata Gn. Hydriomena nubilofasciata Pack. bs autumnalis Strom. (cerulata Fab.) This and the preceding stood as Mesoleuca hersiliata. Hydriomena ruberata Frey. :3 californiata Pack. 3665 3673 3674 3689 3710 3731 3732 3743 d7ol 3702 3755 3762 3769 3772 3773 3775 3786 3820 3821 3834 3841 3845 3857 3864 3881 3882 3883 3884 3885 3896 3897 3900 3926 3927 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 227 Hydriomena reflata Grt. cB (Euphyia) multiferata Wlk. = (Euphyia) latirupta Wk (centrostrigaria Woll.) Stood as Xanthorhée ferrugata and munttata. Triphosa hesitata Gn. Correctly and also as dubitata. Gypsochroa (Xanthorhée) designata Hufn. Xanthorhée munitata Hbn. - ferrugata Clerck. Stood as munitata. Hemotopis grataria Fab. Mycterophora slossonie Hulst. (inexplicata Wk.) Deptalia insularia Gn. (Pleuroprucha insulsaria Gn.) Cosymbia lumenaria Hbn. Synelys ennucleata Gn. (Ocidalhia enucleata Gn.) Xystrota hepaticaria Gn. Cinghis similaria Wk. (“‘“Probably” McD.) (Cabera erythemaria.) < URES (Acidalia) purata Gn. es ancéllata Hulst. ‘Apparently’? McD. Leptomeris (Holarctias) sentinaria Geyer. Stood as magne- taria. Eois persimilis Hist. (Acidalia junctaria WIk.). “ (Ptychopoda) inductata Gn. ° Annemoria (Cheteoxelis) bistriaria Pack. Nemoria (Chlorissa) subcroceata Wk. Eucrostis (Mesothea) incertata \WW\k. In the series with the preceding. Synchlora denticularia Wik. Stood as liquoraria. Chlorosea (Memoria) mimosaria Gn. Epelis faxonit Minot. (Isturgia amitaria Gn.). Eufidonia notataria W1k. Orthofidonia exornata W1k. (tinctaria Wlk.). i (Bapta) semiclarata Wk. ‘“* vestaliata Gn. Gueneria basiaria Wik. Stood as Deilinea erythremaria. ig (Cobera) borealis Hulst. “ vartolaria Gn. peaeraphia (Macaria) granitata Gn. Ms denticulata Grt. 4189a 4193 4202 4206 4209 4216 4218 4218a 4224 4227 4232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sciagraphia (Phasiane) meadiaria Pack. Stood as continuata. =e (Phasiane) mellistrigata Grt. Philobia enotata Gn. (emulataria Wlk.). Macaria (Phasiane) ordinata W\k. Cymatophora (Itame) ribearia Fitch. - P sulphurea Pack. 3 i occiduaria Pack. “8 “ pustularia Hbn. inquinaria Hulst. (quadrilinearia Pack.). Sympherta julia Hulst (Dysmigia loricaria Evers). Alcis (Hesperumia) sulphuraria Pack. =e i baltearia Hulst. Paraphia subatomaria Wood. Cleora indicataria Wk. “ pampinaria Gn. larvaria Gn. ‘““ takenaria Pears. (ephyraria Wlk.). Melanolophia canadaria Gn. ia: Ectropis crepuscularia Schiff. ~ Stood as Cleora inductaria | and Sabulodes umbrosarium. Lycia ursaria Wk. “ (Amphidasis) cognataria Gn. Nacophora quernaria S. & A. Erannts tiliaria Harris. Cingilia catenaria Dru. Dyscia orciferata Wik. (Aspilates orciferaria). Anagoga occiduaria Wk. Sicya macularia Harr. Therina (Ellopia) fiscellaria Gn. j Metrocampa pregrandaria Gn. (Campea perlata Gn.). Eugonobapta nivosaria Gn. Ennomos magnarius Gn. Xanthotype crocotaria Fab. a celaria Hulst. Plagodis phlogosaria Gn. probably. Hyperetis amicaria H. S. Ania limbaria Haw. (Nematocampa limbata Haw.). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 229 4236 Gonodontis duaria Gn. Stood in part as warnert. 4247 Euchlena obtusaria Hbn. 4248 . effectaria Wk. (effecta Wlk.). Mixed with obtusaria. 4251 Euchlena johnsonaria Fitch. 4254 sy astylusaria Wlk. Probably. This was under marginata and amoenaria. 4255 Euchlena marginata Minot. Mixed with pectinaria. 4256 iy pectinaria D. & S. 4261 Eutrapela (Selenia) alciphearia Wk. 4272 Metanema inatomaria Gn. 4273 = determinata Wk. 4281 Priocycla armataria H. & S. 4292 Azelina ancetaria Hbn. (Pero honestarius W1k.). 4299 fe (A picia) confusaria Hbn. 4300 ‘“ majoraria Gn.=confusaria, according to the new list. 4304 Tetracis crocallata Gn. 4307 Sabulodes arcasaria Wk. 4309 2. lorata Grt. 4319 5 transversata Dru. 4321 Abbotana clemataria S. & A. 4330 Brephos infans Moeschl. One only. 4333 Leucobrephos brephoides Wk. Epiplemide. 4336 Callizzia amorata Pack. (To be continued.) NEW SPECIES OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA. BY ANNETTE F. BRAUN, CINCINNATI, OHIO. HELIODINID. Erineda aenea, n. sp. — Palpi and face pale buff, head yellowish, slightly purplish opalescent or brownish in the female. Basal segment of antenne yellowish, stalk clothed with dark brown scales, except the last SIx Or seven-segments which are white. Antenne of male with long, sparse ciliation in the basal half, with short cilia in the apical half. Thorax purplish opalescent. Fore wings dark golden brassy, July, 1918 230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST becoming darker towards apex. A velvety dark brown spot at base of costa is surrounded by opalescent purple, which gradually fades into the ground colour. The purplish opalescence is less noticeable in the female. Hind wings brownish brassy. Hind tibia bright yellow, with upper edge and spines orange-tinged, apex black; hind tarsi blackish above, whorls of spines yellowish. Abdomen concolorous with hind wings at base, dark brown to- ward tip, anal tuft in male yellowish. Expanse 8-9 mm. Localities.—Cincinnati, O.; Clermont Co., O. Type and two paratypes in author’s collection. This species may be distinguished from E. elyella Busck by the larger basal brown spot, much darker colour, with absence of dorsal light streak, and by the different antennal coloration and structure. The larve feed on the spores of two species of ferns, the narrow-leaved spleenwort (Asplenium angustifolium) and the silvery spleenwort (A. acrostichoides). A web, beneath which the larva feeds, is spun along the underside of the leaflet, often extend- ing for three-fourths its length by the time the larva reaches maturity. When young the larva mines into, the sorus, eating out the greater portion of the spores and leaving the indusium hollow. Later the larva becomes too large to mine and consumes the entire sorus, except the annuli of the sporangia, in many places leaving only the ridge along which the indusium was fastened to the leaf, indicating perhaps that this is also consumed in addition to the spores. Near the beginning of the web, and to one side of the midrib, a circular opening leads to the upper side. Protect- ing the opening on the upper side, and broadest and thickest just over the opening, is a tubular web tapering and crossing the mid- rib diagonally. It is somewhat raised at the beginning, but flat- tens toward its narrow end, where there is an opening through which the larva ejects the frass. On the underside of the leaf, the web is also thickest over the circular hole. The web is decor- ated with the innumerable rejected annuli of the sporangia, which cover closely those portions around the circular opening, both on the upper and under surfaces of the leaf, thus affording protection to the larva when not feeding. The larva while feeding is yellowish Akin THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 231 white with slightly darker head and prothoracic shield; at maturity it turns to a bright vermilion orange colour. It spins a double cocoon of very fine, white silk, broadly oval, with one end _a little more pointed, the inner cocoon more elongate than the outer. The larve may be found in September; the exact time of reaching maturity depends upon the time of spore production in the ferns. Asplenium acrostichoides produces fertile fronds and ripe spores a couple of weeks in advance of A. angustifoliwm. Where both species of ferns-occur together, full-grown larve may be collected on the former species when the larve on the latter have eaten but one or two sori on each side of the midrib. The imagos emerge during the latter part of July and early August. In repose the moth rests with the brightly coloured hind legs raised above the body. : Y PONOMEUTID&. Argyresthia pallidella, n. sp. ; Palpi pale yellowish white, fuscous beneath. Face and head yellowish white, tuft almost white, antenne grayish yellow, an- nulate with dark brown. Thorax and fore wings pale shining yellowish white; extreme costa in the basal fourth dark brown. Cilia whitish. Hind wings very pale gray or concolorous with the fore wings, cilia whitish. Legs whitish, tibia and tarsi of the first pair fuscous. Abdomen brownish yellow at base, gray behind except tip, which is whitish yellow. Expanse 11 mm. Locality.—San Barnardino Mts., California, July 7. Type and paratype in author’s collection. The specimens were collected amongst fir, which is perhaps the food plant. This species is very similar to A. Jaricella Kearf, the chief difference being the darker annulated antenne. Swammerdamia cuprescens, n. sp. Head and face white; palpi white with fuscous under surface; ; basal segment of antenna white, stalk dark fuscous, annulate with pale gray. Thorax white, very sparsely sprinkled with pale gray specks. General colour of the fore wing pale gray, due to gray- tipped whitish scales, with the base of the wing somewhat darker gray. There is a dark gray half-crescent-shaped mark situated at the basal third of the dorsum, curving slightly outwards and 232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST not reaching the costa. There are some longitudinal series of dark fusccus spots lying chiefly near the costa and dorsum. At the beginning of the cilia is a white costal spot; beyond it the avical pcrtion cf the wing is dark fuscous, the fuscous shade usually extending downward to the dorsum. Cilia dark with a coppery © lustre and a dark fuscous line through the middle. Hind wings pale gray, closely irrorated with fuscous. Legs pale gray; tibie and tarsi of the first pair and tibie of the second pair dark fuscous; tarsal segments tipped with fuscous. Abdomen gray. Expanse 12.5-13.5 mm. Locality.—Field, B.C. Type and two paratypes in author’s collection; one paratype in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. 2 Four specimens bred from larve in webs on birch (Betula glandulosa), Field, B.C. Larve were also collected on alder at Glacier, B.C., but no moths were reared. Larve collected in August, pupated in a few days, and the moths appeared in the breeding jars in April and May of the following year. This species differs from the European SS. heroldella, also a birch feeder, by the distinct coppery lustre of the cilia. Xyrosaris ochroplagiata, n. sp. Palpi white with under surface irrorated with blackish, except towards apex. Face dusted; head pure white; antenne white with fuscous annulations. Thorax white slightly dusted. Base of wings irrorated with fuscous-tipped scales, blackish toward costa; beyond this is a pale ochreous, almost undusted area, extending obliquely from costa to dorsum, and broadening toward the dorsum, occupying approximately one-fourth the wing area; remainder of the wing covered with more cr less deeply fuscous-tipped white scales, mingled with patches of whitish and ochreous. Immediately following the basal ochreous area, near middle of dorsum is a small, curved, white streak, margined outwardly with a patch of scales, darker tipped than general over the wing. A similar dark patch on ccsta opposite. A white costal spot at beginning of cilia. Several rows of very minute tufts of black scales; immediately below costa, along middle of wing, just above fold, and one or two of a fourth row below fold on outer half of wing; the largest tufts THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST - 233 are those at the basal third and above the tornus belonging to the row above the fold. Cilia ochreous, with a line of dark-tipped scales. Hind wings gray, with a faint ochreous tinge; cilia gray, ochreous at extreme bases. Fore and middle legs closely irrorated with fuscous, hind legs sparsely speckled. Abdomen gray, margins of segments whitish. Expanse 11.5 mm. Locality.—Winnfield, La., June 26 (G. R. Pilate). Type in author’s collection. GRACILARIID. Acrocercops affinis, n. sp. Palpi with whitish ground colour more or less obscured with fuscous dusting; second segment of labial palpus white on the under surface, elsewhere fuscous; third segment whith the base white followed by a narrow, blackish annulus which is succeeded by a narrow whitish annulus, remainder of segment fuscous. Antenne fuscous faintly paler annulated. Head whitish more or less densely streaked with fuscous. Fore wings brownish fuscous, dusted, marked with a series of ten transverse whitish strigule, the first eight equidistant, the last two in the apical cilia; these strigule are most distinct on the costa, obsolete or ill-defined where they cross the middle of the wing, and ending in whitish spots on the dorsum. The first streak is usually nearly obsolete; the fourth ends in a whitish blotch on the dorsum; the seventh is more oblique and more clearly defined in the middle of the wing than the preceding ones; the eighth encloses the apex. The fifth streak on the costa is sometimes double.. The ground colour is more or less darkened on the margins between the streaks, especially between the fourth and fifth, and sixth and seventh costal streaks; and between the second and third, and fourth and fifth dorsal streaks. Hind wings and cilia gray. Legs whitish banded with fuscous. Abdomen gray. Expanse 9.5-10 mm. _ Localities.—Yosemite National Park, California; San Ber- nardino Mts., California. Types in author’s collection. A large series bred from upper side blotch mines on oak, both deciduous and evergreen. The mine starts as a narrow, white 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST line, expanding abruptly into a large, white blotch, within which the parenchyma is to a large extent consumed. Cocoon oval, brownish, ornamented with a few whitish globules. Larvae col- lected June 20 (San Bernardino Mts.); July 26 (Glacier Point, Yosemite), at which time they were nearly full grown, produced imagos in about two weeks. Closely allied to A. strigosa, from which it differs by having the transverse lines broken and less distinct and a little more irregularly placed. Ornix spiraeifoliella, n. sp. Palpi grayish white, face grayish white, tuft of gray and whitish scales intermixed, antenne gray, faintly annulate. Thorax and fore wings uniform shining seal brown; a white line on each side of the thorax is continuous with a broad, white basal streak above the fold to one-fifth; base of dorsum narrowly and indis- tinctly white; from one-third of costa a very oblique costal streak narrowing below ccsta into faint line, then expanding in the middle of the wing, where it meets, almost at right angles, the apex of a less oblique streak from the middle of the dorsum. A second slightly oblique spot at the middle of costa; somewhat oblique narrow ccstal and dorsal streaks at two-thirds meeting in the middle of the wing; following them a pair of inwardly oblique streaks. A large triangular, white costal spot lying chiefly in the cilia just before apex, is more or less distinctly divided into two by a gray streak; opposite it a white spot in the terminal cilia; cilia else- where concolorous with wing; extreme apex of wing slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wings and cilia gray. Legs gray, banded with white. Expanse 6.5 mm. Locality.—Field, B.C. _ Tyre in author’s collection. The larva mines the underside of leaves of Spirea sp., making a much wrinkled mine in which the parenchyma is entirely con- sumed; in the breeding jar the larva on leaving the mine, folded the leaf inwards with upper surfaces together; later made a fold on to the underside in the usual way; cocoon in a folded edge of the leaf. Larva collected August 22; moth the following spring. A very distinct species, belonging in the group of guttea, kalmiella and preciosella. ED od eel VS ae ee ea THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 235 Gracilaria hypericella, n. sp. Face whitish; palpi whitish, with the tip of the maxillary palpi and the tip of the second segment of the labial palpi and outer and upper surface, and sometimes the entire apical half of the third segment except the extreme tip, blackish. Head ochreous, more or less overlaid with fuscous purple. Ground colour of the fore wing ochreous, more or less overlaid with shining purplish fuscous: usually the costal third of the wing, except toward base and in the apical fourth, is comparatively free from purplish dust- ing. There is a series of minute fuscous dots on the costal edge; in darker specimens sometimes indistinctly continued across the wing. The dark scales form an indistinct spot in the middle of the disk. Cilia fuscous, with three or four indistinct, darker lines running through them. Hind wings and cilia gray. Fore and middle legs black, except the tarsi; hind legs whitish dusted with fuscous; tarsi white with black tips. Expanse 8.5-10 mm. Localities.—Cincinnati, O.; Clermont Co., O. Types in author’s collection. Seventeen specimens, reared from larve on St. John’s Wort, Hypericum cistifolium, and H. punctatum. The larva makes a small linear mine, usually distinctly visible on the upper side of the leaf; this mine enlarges into an elongate blotch on the under- side, 7 or 8 mm. long and 2 mm. or less wide, which becomes tentiform, resembling a minute Lithocolletis mine. The cone is rolled from the tip of the leaf downward on to the lower side, usually taking up the entire small leaf. The cocoon is spun on the under- side, the leaf béing curled over so as entirely to conceal the cocoon. On leaves of Hypericum cistifolium, the cocoon is almost always placed near the tip over the midrib, and the leaf on both sides is curled over the cocoon. Larve and cocoons collected July 20 and August 27; one captured specimen July 8. This species is close to G. desmodiella, but lacks the violet tint of that species and the discal spot is never distinct. Gracilaria ferruginella, n. sp. Labial palpi densely dusted with reddish fuscous outwardly, yellowish on inner side, with third segment slightly dusted except at extreme tip; third segment thickened with scales to near apex. Head and thorax purplish brown, slightly mixed with ochreous. 236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Antenne purplish fuscous, annulate with ochreous. Fore wings purplish brown, somewhat mixed with ochreous; rarely the ochreous predominates. Beneath the fold irrorated with blackish fuscous; these blackish scales are aggregated into a large spot beneath the trigonal mark. Wing sprinkled with whitish or ochreous spots along the fold. An indistinctly outlined trigonal spot at one- third, is marked on the costa by a series of black spots, usually two larger followed by four small ones; between the trigonal spot and an elongate ochreous spot beyond, the ground colour deepens on the costa to blackish fuscous. The second spot is also marked on costa with blackish dots. Sometimes the trigonal marks are obliterated by fuscous purplish ground colour which then suffuses almost uniformly the entire wing. A few ochreous costal spots along margin from beginning of cilia; one at extreme apex; more conspicuous whitish spots along termen; sometimes irregularly placed whitish dots along dorsal margin. Cilia rust red, espe- cially at their bases and along termen near tornus; conspicuously marked with a dark brown band which crosses in a broad curve from the tips of the costal cilia to the tips of the terminal cilia just beyond the tornus, almost touching the apex; tips also of the apical cilia dark brown. Hind wings and cilia gray. Fore and middle legs closely dusted with fuscous purple, tarsi white with black tips; hind legs gray. Abdomen gray. Expanse 15 mm. Localities—Yosemite Valley, California; Mt. Tamalpais, Marin Co., California; San Bernardino Mts., California. Types in author’s collection. Three specimens, from larvae on Azalea, Rhododendron occi- dentale, from Yosemite, and a series of about twenty-five captured specimens. The larva makes a tentiform mine on the under surface of the leaf, later rolling the leaf from tip down into a cone. The cocoon is whitish elongate. The larve were collected July 29, yielding moths about the middle of August; the captured specimens were taken July 9 to 30. The markings of the cilia are the most distinguishing charac- teristic of this species. In some of its forms it approaches varieties of G. alnivorella, from which the markings in the cilia and thickened palpal segment will always separate it. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 237 NOTES ON- THE NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICAN SPECIES OF ACANTHOCEPHALA, LAP. (Fam. Coreidz: Heteroptera.) BY EDMUND H. GIBSON AND ABBY HOLDRIDGE, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D. C. An exceptionally good and large series of specimens of the genus Acanthocephala Lap. in the collection of the U. S. National Museum has afforded the writers an opportunity for detailed study of this group, and has enabled them to untangle several of the perplexing questions in regard to the identity of species. Acanthocephala is a neotropical genus and contains a rather long list of described species. However, it seems warranted to believe that with further study of South American material the number of species will be reduced as many will probably be forced into synonymy. Seven species are known to occur in Central America, five of which are also to be found in southern United States. . Previous workers have divided the genus into two subgenera, according to the’ variation in the form and shape of the thorax, but as this character exhibits great variability within a species and the form and the shape of the dilatation of the hind tibia is cer- tainly of more value in separating the species and is constant within a species, the present authors feel justified in not recog- nizing the old subgeneric divisions and are even restrained from forming new ones. Acanthocephala was described by Laporte in 1832, Ess. Hem., p. 29, and may be characterized as follows: Head short, terminating in a spine as viewed from above. Antenne long and slender, first joint stouter than the rest and slightly longer than the length of the head, fourth joint usually somewhat curved. Thorax wider than elytra. Membrane ex- tending slightly beyond apex of abdomen. Posterior femora more or less swollen, sometimes greatly so and curv ed, armed with prominent spines. Posterior tibia with dilatations on either side, the outer dilatation the widest and longest. It is the largest and best known genus of the tribe Acantho- cephalini Stal. The orthotype of the genus is latipes Drury, July, 1918 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The following key to the species includes all those occurring in Central and North America. KEY. 1. Thorax greatly expanded laterally beyond margin of abdo- men and elytra. Thorax prominently con- CAV Conc ete ocicisn ss dian estos see boda cta teeta a eno eae declivis Say. Thorax wider than abdomen but not greatly expanded, not prominently CONCAVE. ..0.....ccccce eee ee teeters terete tenetenerenerene tenes: 2 2. Dilatation of posterior tibia very small and limited to basal third. Inner margin of posterior tibia spinous in male. Femora of male greatly swollen.................... bicoloripes Stal. Dilatation of posterior tibia noticeably greater, inner margin of male comparatively smooth)... 3222.59) rere 3 3. Outer dilatation of posterior tibia in both sexes very broad, widened at apex and broadly rounding........... latipes Drury. Form of dilatation of posterior tibia not as above.................... 4 4. Outer dilatation of posterior tibia in both sexes broad to almost the very tip, but not widened at apex. Large SPECIOS.¢....-2-sg-e--ent-o-bo egke tence ecg eee granulosa Dall. Outer dilatation of posterior tibia not wide at or near the apex. If it extends to near the apex then much narrowed........ 5 5. Species small. Dilatation of posterior tibia in both sexes ex- tending but two-thirds or slightly more the entire length of tibias: 2s, 2s eee terminalis Dall. Species large. Diseuen of posterior tibia extending dis- tinctly more than two- thirds the length of tibia, some- times to nearly the apex. 2.c:.00-0)c:=.ccye see tener ee eee 6 6. The outer dilatation of posterior tibia of male without dis- tinct scallops. Hind femora of male usually greatly swollen and bowed. Female broad. Thorax promi- nently tuberculate....0......0..00:cceee eee femorata Fabr. The outer dilatation of posterior tibia of male with distinct scallops. Hind femora straight and not as greatly swollen. Female comparatively more narrow. Thorax minutely tuberculated: )....2- e-em confraterna Uhl. Acanthocephala bicoloripes Stal. Metapodius bicoloripes Stal., Ofv. Vet. Ak. Forh. p. 184, 1855. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 239 This species may easily be distinguished from all others by the small andextremely short dilatationof the posterior tibia which is limited to the basal third of the tibia. The apical two-thirds of the posterior tibia in the female is slender and slightly spinous along inner margin, while in the male it is gradually narrowing and distinctly and coarsely spinous. The hind femora of the male is greatly swollen and somewhat curved as in femorata Fabr. It is a distinctly smaller species than femorata Fabr. It has been recorded from Costa Rica and Columbia. All specimens examined are from the first mentioned country. Acanthocephala femorata Fabr. Cimex femorata Fabricius, Syst. Ent., p. 708, 1775. Rhinuchus nasula Say, New Harm. Indiana, p. 10, 1832. Metapodius bispinus Westwood, in Hope Cat., II., p. 15, 1842. Metapodius obscura Westwood, in Hope Cat., II., p. 15, 1842. Metapodius luctuosa Stal., GEv. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 184, 1855. Of all the species this one shows the greatest variability, both in male and female. The variations are most notable in the general size of the bug and character of its posterior femora. The posterior femora of the male varies from one extreme in being very greatly swollen and prominently curved, to the other extreme of being only normally swollen and almost straight. Innumerable gradations between the two are to be found. The character of the dilatation of the posterior tibia is, however, stable. This species has been recorded from all of the Southern States, and is also known to occur in Mexico and Central America. Acanthocephala confraterna Uhl. Metapodius confraterna Uhler, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. XIV, p. 99, 1871. In general this species most nearly resembles the preceding;. especially is this so-with the females. The character of the dila- tation of the posterior tibia of the male is like that exhibited in terminalis Dall. The posterior femora of the male are more slender and not so curving as in femorata Fabr. The females are some- what longer and narrower than in femorata Fabr. The species is noticeably larger than terminalis Dall. The species examined are from Florida and Texas. 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Acanthocephala terminalis Dall. Metapodius terminalis Dallas, List of Hem., II, p. 482, 1852. Metapodius instabilis Uhler, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. XIV, p. 98, 1871. This is the smallest species of the genus and is the most con- stant in its characters. Normally it is very dark, almost black. The posterior femora in the male is only slightly larger than in the female. The authors are unable to separate Uhler’s instabilis from this species, and feel warranted in placing it in synonymy with fer- minalis Dall. Specimens in the National Museum collection record its distribution from New York west through Illinois and Missouri and south to Texas. Acanthocephala granulosa Dall. Metapodius granulosa Dallas, List Hem., II, p. 430, 1852. Diactor alata Herr.-Sch., Wanz. Ins:, VI, p. 53, 1842. Metapodius thomasii Uhler, Hayden’s Surv. Mont., p. 339, 1872. The wide dilatation of the posterior tibia which extends to the apex is characteristic of this and the following species. In latipes Drury, however, the dilatation is widened and broadly rounded at the apex, while in this species it is slightly and gradually narrowed. Typical specimens have their elytra of a distinct mahogany brown. The long, bright orange fourth antennal seg- ment with the bright orange tibia of the first two pairs of legs are also characteristic. It is a large species and is known to occur in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, as well as throughout Central America. : Acanthocephala latipes Drury. Cimex latipes Drury, Ill. Nat. Hist., III, p. 62, 1782. Lygaeus compressipes Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 209, 1803. Acanthocephala albicollis Dall., List, III, p. 427, 1852. The characters as mentioned in the key to the species will suffice to distinguish this species. It might also be remarked that the fourth antennal joint is extremely long, and the posterior- lateral angles of the thorax terminate in almost a spine. Specimens are at hand from Panama and Costa Rica. indtow ye? ake Bist err THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 241 Acanthocephala declivis Say. Acanthocephala declivis Say, New Harm. Ind., 1832. Diactor alata Burm., Handb., II, I, p. 334, 1835. Metapodius thoracicus Dall., List, I], p. 428, 1852. Acanthocephala subalata Distant, Biol. Cent. Amer., p. 119, 1881. The extremely. wide and concave thorax readily separates this species, although the shape of the posterior lateral angles varies a great deal. These are broadly rounding in some speci- mens, in others acutely pointed, with every intergradation to be found. The form of the dilatation of the posterior tibia places it with latipes Drury and granulosa Dall. The general size varies from specimens as small as terminalis Dall. to those larger than granulosa Dall. The species is known to occur throughout Central America and north into southern United States. fate BLACK *CHERRY- APHIS, MYZUS.CERASTI. On page 434 of the Canadian Entomologist for 1917, Mr. W. A. Ross calls attention to the fact that in my paper before the California State Fruit Growers’ Convention in 1914, the black cherry aphis was referred to as a species not having alternate food habits. Since that date we have recorded this species a few times in small numbers upon water cress, collected by L. B. Bragg. However, our observations and records indicate that this aphid continues throughout the year upon the cherry in Colorado, and we have never found it abundant upon the alternate host. No one in the department recalls seeing this species upon the sweet cherries—Royal Ann, Bing, Black Tartarin, Black Re- publican, etc., and we can recall but very few cases where it has . been seen in any abundance upon the semi-acid cherries, the Dukes, but it is a common and, often, abundant louse upon the sour red cherries, English Morello, Montmorency wragg and their like, on the eastern slope of the mountains. It yields readily to the ap- plication of the contact insecticides as the leaves do not curl enough to give protection to the lice. CP. Guerre, 242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA) PAR Tov; BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, LAWRENCE, KAS. (Continued from page 165.) Genus Tvricyphona Zetterstedt. Tricyphona protea, new species. General coloration pale yellowish brown; wings with the free portion of vein R2 very long, only a little shorter than the sector; cell Ra short-petiolate; cell 1st M2 open by the atrophy of m. Male.—Length 6.4 mm.; wing, 6.5 mm. Described from an alcoholic specimen. Rostrum and palpi pale; palpal segments nearly subequal, the fourth a little longer than the third and more slender. Antenne dark brown, the basal segments paler; flagellar segments oval, the terminal segment not elongated. Head _ yellowish, darkest on the vertex. Thorax light yellowish brown without apparent darker stripes. Halteres short, pale, the knobs large. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dull yellow; remainder of the legs broken. Wings a pale yellowish tinge; veins yellowish brown. Venation: Sci ending just before the fork of R23; Sce some distance before the origin of the sector, this distance about equal to the basal deflection of Cu; vein Re fused with R: for a short distance back from the wing-margin, this fused portion about equal to 7-m; petiola of cell Rs short, less than r-m; cell 1st M2 open by the atrophy of m. Abdominal tergites dark brown, paler laterally; sternites dull yellow; apices of the segments darker brown; hypopygium dull yellow. Habitat.—Washington. Holotype.-—o&, Mt. Rainier, Washington. In many respects this is a very remarkable fly, easily told from all its relatives by the great length of vein Re before its fusion with Ri. I have pointed out in another paper the reasons for changing the nomenclature of the radial veins in the Pediciini, this vein Re having been hitherto considered as being the radial cross-vein. July, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 243 SUBFAMILY TIPULIN&. Genus 7Tipula Linneus. Tipula margarita, new species. General eoloration of the head and thorax light gray; an- tenne short, black, the three basal segments orange-yellow; femora with a broad, subterminal yellow ring; wings with four brown cross-bands; abdomen yellow, the tergites with a broad, dark brown median and narrow dark brown sublateral stripes; lateral margin of the tergites broadly light gray; male hypopygium with the ninth tergite large, subquadrate, with a deep median split; ninth pleurite complete. Male.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 14.4 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head long, grayish above, more reddish laterally, nasus long and slender. Palpi with the first segment reddish, the remainder black. Antenne with the first segment long and slender, orange-yellow, a little grayish pruinose on the basal fourth; segments two and three orange-yellow, re- maining flagellar segments dark brown, the apices only a little more reddish; flagellar segments very short with long verticils, the basal swelling inconspicuous, only a little thicker than the rest of the segment. Head gray, on the disk of the vertex suffused with brown; vertical tubercle prominent, narrowly split by a deep, im- pressed median line; occiput more reddish. Thorax gray, the praescutum with three dark brownish gray stripes, the median one longest, broadest in front, narrowed to the suture; scutum light gray with two darker gray blotches, the larger of which lies on the scutal lobes; scutellum light gray with a faint, reddish cast; postnotum light gray with a narrow, in- distinct median brown line which is continued forwards on to the scutellum. Pleura light grayish pruinose. Halteres rather short, yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe light gray. pruinose; trochanters dull yellow; femora yellow, beyond the middle passing into light brown; tips broadly black, a broad, yellow subterminal annulus; this yellow femoral ring is most distinct on the fore legs, less evident on the posterior legs; tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings whitish with a heavy brown pattern; dark brown blotches at the arculus, stigma, and a smaller one at the origin of the sector; four grayish brown cross-bands, the first 244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST basal in position occupying the cubital and anal cells; the second band about mid-length of the basal cells, darkest in cells R and MV, in the anal cells paler but more diffused; the third band at the cord, darkest near the stigma and along Cu; fourth bandeoccupying the wing-apex, darkest in the apices of cells Re and Rs, caudad of these paler; base of the wing, costal and subcostal cells indistinctly tinged with yellow; veins dark brown. Venation: vein Re: per- sistent for its entire length; petiole of cell M1 shorter than this cell; cross-vein m-cu present, situated at about the basal third or quarter of cell 1st Me. Abdominal tergites yellow with a very broad, dark brownish black dorsal stripe beginning on segment two, continuing to seg- ment seven; this occupies most of the dorsum of all these seg- ments being interrupted caudally by a broad, yellowish ring; lateral margins of the tergites very broadly silvery, caudal margins very narrowly of the same colour; a narrow, interrupted, dark brownish black line just inside the gray margins; segments eight and nine brown. Sternites light yellowish brown with an indis- tinct, pale brownish line, the apical sternites light brown. Male hypopygium enlarged; ninth tergite very large and prominent, subquadrate, the dorsum almost flat, not chitinized; caudal margin with a very deep, narrow, median split, the adjacent lobes very broad, their apices almost truncated, very narrowly chitinized. Ninth pleurite small, complete. Ninth sternite deeply and broadly split, the margins fringed with abundant long, pale hairs that are decussate across this median notch. Eighth sternite almost straight or with a very broad, V-shaped notch, on either side with a large tuft of yellow hairs that are decussate across the median line. Habitat.—New York. Holotybe.— ', Ithaca, Tompkins Co., New York, June 12, 1915. This beautiful 7zpula is very different from any species that I have ever seen, in some ways suggesting 77pula ternaria Loew of Northeastern North America but in reality a very different species. The yellow subterminal annulus on the femora will separate the fly from all its relatives in Eastern North America. Tipula kirbyana, new species. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOI.OGIST 245 Allied to T. whitneyi; general colour of the head and thorax light gray; a narrow, brown or black dorso-median vitta extends the length of the thorax and abdomen; antenne black; femora strongly incrassated; wings indistinctly marked with pale brownish clouds; abdomen reddish yellow with a brown dorso-median black stripe. Male.—Length 10.2 mm.; wing 11.7 mm. Palpi dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head moder- ately elongated,"deep chestnut-brown, above sparsely dusted with gray; nasus lacking. Antenne dark brown, the scapal segments a little more reddish and sparsely dusted with gray; flagellar seg- ments rather short, deeply incised, the basal swelling shorter than the pedicel of each segment. Head gray, the vertical tubercle large, prominent, with an indistjnct, brown median line that becomes indistinct behind; eyes very small, widely separated. Thorax light gray, the usual praescutal stripes. not very dis- tinct, the median one tinged with brown; scutellum more reddish with an indistinct, median brown line; postnotum gray with a brown, median line. Pleura light gray, the dorso-pleural mem- brane obscure yellowish. Halteres light brown, the knobs. a little darker brown. Legs with the coxe long and powerful, light gray; trochanters chestnut-brown; femora short and stout, con- siderably incrassated apically, reddish brown; dark brown at the tips; tibize dull brownish yellow, the tips darkened; tarsi dark brown, the metatarsi paler. Wings slightly crumpled, possibly the first indications of degeneracy; membrane indistinctly blotched with brownish; cells C and Sc a little more yellowish; stigma in- distinct, brown; clouds of brown at the origin of Rs; along the cord in cell M; apex of cell /st A, etc. Venation: vein Re per- sistent but pale at its tip; cell 1st M2 very small and short, only a little longer than broad; fork of cell Mi deep; cross-vein m-cu | obliterated by the fusion of Cui on M 3+. First abdominal tergite brownish basally, the remainder of the dorsum of segments 1 to 8 light reddish yellow, the segments broadly ringed with yellowish; a very conspicuous black median vitta runs the length of the abdomen, inter- rupted only by the yellow caudal margins to the segments; this vitta begins on segment 1 and continues to the eighth tergite; 246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST lateral margins of the tergites broadly yellowish. Sternites reddish brown with an indistinct, narrow, brown median line; lateral portions of the sternites ‘infuscated, caudal margins of the segments yellowish. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite rather prominent, the caudal margin with a broad and deep, U-shaped median notch; the basal portion of the tergite is tumid, shiny chestnut but a broad margin around the notch is flattened, the extreme edge narrowly blackened, chitinized, lateral lobes truncated. Ninth pleurite complete, semicircular; outer pleural appendage elongate-cylindrical, clothed with long, golden hairs; inner pleural appendage very long and narrow, jutting into the notch of the tergite, the outer edge clothed with long, pale hairs that project backward to produce a hystriciform appearance; apex of the appendage shiny chestnut-brown. From the ventral caudal angle of the pleurite arises a shiny, chestnut-brown, flat- tened lobe that is directed caudad, its apex truncated. Ninth sternite with a deep, V-shaped median notch that extends a little more than half the distance to the margin of the eighth sternite. Eighth sternite unarmed. Habitat.—Alaska. Holotype.—o, Point Barrow, Alaska, July 14, 1898. This species is closely allied to 7ipula whitneyi Alex. from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska, but is readily separated by the full- winged males and the details of the hypopygium. NOTE ON OVIPOSITION OF GASTEROPHILUS NASALIS L. BY CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, WASHINGTON, D.C. In the November, 1892, issue of Entomological News, pages 227-8, I published some notes on this subject, in which I stated that “I noticed the fly alight several times, always exactly in the re- gion ventrad of the first cervical vertebra.’’ This observation relates to a female which I captured May 15, 1892, while it was flying at the throat of my horse, near Las Cruces, New Mexico. In the same notes I quoted Brauer’s statement (Mon. Oestr., page 60) that “according to Dr. Green G. nasalis deposits its white eggs in the region of the throat of the horse.’’ I further stated that I had not found the eggs of the fly, though I searched the ventral region of the throat after capturing the above female. July, 1918 ee a Se. Al * THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 247 On October 2 and 3, 1917, while in camp on the East Verde River, Arizona, at a point about eight miles north of Payson, altitude 4,400 feet, I took two females of masalis, and noted others, flying at the throat of my horse, but in no case did they alight there. They were seen to hover directly under the animal's throat, and then dart suddenly at the muzzle. I saw this opera- tion repeated many times before I was able to capture the fly, as this action of darting at the muzzle made the animal especially wild. On examination immediately thereafter, I found several whitish eggs with their sharp bases penetrating and adhering in the skin of the upper lip. These eggs were lost owing to the frantic struggles of the horse at the time, but similar eggs were dissected from the abdomen of the fly. The egg is practically the same size and shape as that of intestinalis and not at all like that of haemorrhoidalis, but the anal end is moderately pointed though somewhat blunt as seen under a high power. It is capable, however, of penetrating tender skin, as tested on the back of my finger. Moreover, the chitinized clasping forceps at the end of the heavy ovipositor are quite sharp in nasalis, while they are decidedly blunt in both intestinalis and haemorrhoidalis. On the East Verde intestinalis was common but caused no such alarm as did masalis while ovipositing. No specimen of haemorrhotdalis was seen anywhere in that region. The above facts seem to indicate that nasalis oviposits about the muzzle of the horse, hovering under the throat merely as a preliminary while seeking a good opportunity to dart at the lips, and piercing the tender skin with the sharpened forceps of the ovipositor while thrusting the anal end of the egg into the puncture. It seems further that this habit of darting at the muzzle of the animal was known to Linnzus, else why should he have named the species nasalis? It appears that in later times the preliminary action of the fly in seeking the throat has been commonly observed and its darting thence to the muzzle, overlooked by some investi- gators though recorded by others, hence the mistaken opinion still held by some that it oviposited in the region of the throat. It is against all reason that the eggs should be placed under the throat, 248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST since they would be least likely to reach the mouth from such loca- tion. It mey be édded that Gasterophilus has no incubating uterus, - but that the large ovaries are packed with eggs which come down a few at a time. for depcsition. The eggs of the above nasalis female show no incubation, and the chorion is transversely corru- gated so that it holds on insertion in the skin. All the records of lip and muzzle oviposition of this species that I have seen state that the eggs are attached to the hairs. This might easily happen when the fly misses its mark, and no doubt it misses frequently, but the effort is evidently directed at the tender skin of the lips. The eggs are sticky when freshly extruded, and the fly may even, at times, inadvertently leave them on the hairs of the throat when caught by the convulsive movements of the intended host. This would explain throat oviposition records. AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE CERAMBYCIDZ: OF CALIFORNIA. BY RICHARD T.GARNETT, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY,CAL. (Continued from page 213.) 141. Gaurotes cressoni Bland. Rare in Northern California. Several taken by Van Dyke in Marin County on flowers of the wild honey- suckle in April. 142. Leptura obliterata Hald. Breeds in Douglas spruce, sapwood of redwood, and other coniferous trees. Found in the coast counties from Santa Cruz to the Oregon line. 143. Leptura soror LeConte. Found throughout the Sierras at altitudes of 4,000— 8,000 feet, usually on flowers of veratin. Taken by author at Donner Lake and Tahoe Tavern, breeding in branches of Pinus ponderosa., July 1-21. 144. Leptura propinqua Bland. Found north and in the higher Sierras on various flow- ers. Breeds in various coniferous trees. Taken by author at Donner Lake. July 10. July, 1918 PELE Node ices « 145. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 249 Leptura kerniana Fall. Taken by Daggett on the Kern River. Leptura plagifera LeConte. Taken rarely in northern Sierras. Found especially on the eastern sides of the Cascades. Leptura rubida LeConte. Rare. Taken in Northern California, Coast belt to San Francisco, and in Sierras—a different colour phase in each section. Leptura subargentata Kirby. Common at Camp Meeker, Sonoma County. var. ruficeps LeConte. Found throughout the Sierras. var rhodopus LeConte. Breeds in tan bark oak. var. similis Kirby. Leptura molybdica LeConte. Fairly common throughout the State on various flowers. Taken by Fall at Pasadena on Ceanothus; by Van Dyke in Sierra County, and the middle and northern Sierras. Leptura leta LeConte. Found throughout the State; not abundant anywhere, most common in the foothills of the Sierras. Found by Van Dyke on flowers, especially those of California wild holly. Bred by Rivers from live oak. Taken by author at Donner Lake, July 12. Leptura tribalteata LeConte. Found in Northern California and Sierras as far south as Walker Basin. Taken by author at Donner Lake July 6 on meadow flowers. Leptura coquilletti Fall. Taken on flowers of Eriogonum fasciculatum in June by Ricksecker. Taken by Van Dyke in Sierra Madre Mts., San Bernardino Mts., and also Los Angeles County. 250 153. 154. 155. 156. 158. 159. 160. 161. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Leptura impura LeConte. Taken rarely in the redwood belt of Sonoma County. One specimen taken by Van Dyke in Siskiyou County. Supposed by Blaisdell to breed in the sapwood of red- wood. Leptura instabilis Hald. Taken in moderate numbers in parts of Northern California and in Sierras. Rare in June on Pomona foothills. Taken by Van Dyke on lupine at Tahoe; by author at Donner Lake, July 3. Leptura sexmaculata Linne. Northern, barely running over into this State. Breeds in spruce. Leptura barberi Fall. Taken in Humboldt and Shasta Counties. Breeds in ° the Sitka spruce. Rather rare. Leptura vexatrix Mannerheim. Found on umbelliferous flowers, yarrow, etc., through the Sierras from Siskiyou County south to Calaveras County. This is considered by Van Dyke as a variety of guadrillum Lec. Leptura sexspilota LeConte. Taken abundantly in Southern California by Van Dyke in May and June on flowers of greasewood; also taken near Los Angeles on wild walnut. Taken at San Pedro Martir, Lower California. Leptura matthewsii1 LeConte. Never found on flowers, but resting on leaves. Found in the Coast belt from Marin County to the northern line. Has been bred from the sapwood of the redwood. June 27. Leptura grossa LeConte. Rare in the Sierras, on veratrin flowers. One taken by Van Dyke on stump of Pinus ponderosa in Yosemite Valley. Leptura brevicornis LeConte. Found rarely in the north and in the Sierras. Breeds in Pinus ponderosa. Taken by author at Donner Lake. July 7. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 251 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. asf. 172. Leptura nigrella Say. No data. Leptura carbonata LeConte. Northern California. Leptura subcostata Fall. One specimen taken by Fall at Tahoe: Leptura dehiscens LeConte. Rare, in the Sierras; northern, one specimen taken by Van Dyke in Siskiyou County. Four taken from small limbs of Pinus ponderosa at Calistoga by author. May 28. Leptura sanguinea LeConte. Found in Northern California and piso the Sierras on veratrin and other flowers. May 30—July 17. Leptura letifica LeConte. Taken in Sierras and Northern California; common in places in Shasta Lake, and Sonoma Counties on flowers of Eriogonum, etc. May 25—June 19. Leptura pernigra Linnell. Taken in Sierras Madre Mts., Los Angeles County by Van Dyke. Leptura quadrillum LeConte. Found on yarrow, etc., in the northern part of the State. Leptura chrysocoma Kirby. Common in the Sierras and Northern California on veratrin, yarrow, and other flowers. Taken in large numbers at Donner Lake and Tahoe by the author in July. July 1-21. Leptura dolorosa LeConte. Found especially on the Ceanothus in ‘Northern Cali- fornia and the Sierras; common in places. Leptura crassipes LeConte. Found throughout the State, common in the northern part, less common in the south. Taken by Fall in the San Bernardino Mts. Usually found on the flowers of the yarrow, ox-eyed daisy, etc. Bred from Umbel- lularia californica by Rivers and Van Dyke. Bred from Eucalyptus globulus by Van Dyke. Taken by author at Calistoga. May 21, 252 173. 174. 175. LCG. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Leptura behrensi1 LeConte. Rare Two specimens taken by Baumberger in North- ern Sonoma Co.; type specimen from Mendocino Co.; one taken by Van Dyke in Humbolt County. Leptura scripta LeConte. Common on Coast belt from Marin County to northern line on flowers, especially Azalea, Rhododendron; rare in the various parts of the Sierras. June 9. Leptura gnathoides LeConte. Found in Sierras and Northern California. Rare. Taken in Placer County by Van Dyke on young trees of post cedar. Leptura valida LeConte. Found rarely from Shasta to the Southern Sierras. Breeds in pine. Taken by author at Donner Lake. July 18. Leptura insignis Fall. Taken by Fuchs and Fenyes at Monterey. Breeds in Monterey pine; remains also found in Pinus muricata at Inverness; a specimen was bred by Van Dyke from Douglas spruce branch of unknown locality. Leptura aspera LeConte. Northern, may possibly run over into California. Leptura cubitalis LeConte. This species, which looks like an Acmzops, is fairly common in the middle part of California. It is found on wild rose, etc., in Sonoma, Napa, San Mateo, and Lake Counties. June 8-29. Ophistomis ventralis Horn. Taken at El Taste, Lower California. Strangularia delicata LeConte. Occasionally found in most parts of the State, but is more common in the north and middle Sierras on various flowers. June 3. (To be continued) Mailed July 10th, 1918. aii he hho Tee he SO ieee 2 es t ee vee = The G anadlian Funtomologist. mor. L. LONDON, AUGUST, 1918 No. 8 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. THE RELATION OF AGRONOMY TO ENTOMOLOGY: A PRACTICAL ILLUSTRATION. BY JOHN J. DAVIS, WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. Numerous instances are on record where the occurrence of a noxious insect has resulted in recommendations which are not only effective in controlling the pest, but at the same time a benefit to agriculture. It is here sufficient to illustrate with such common examples as the northern corn root-worm (Diabrotica longicornis) and the corn root-aphis (A phis maidi-radicis) which are controllable by proper rotations, and the alfalfa weevil (Phytonomus posticus) which is checked by the use of methods beneficial to the plant and disastrous to the insect. Recommendations for Hessian fly control may likewise be considered beneficial from the point of view of the agronomist, since it has been learned that the time of seeding to avoid the fly attack in the fall is coincident with the proper seed- ing date regardless of insect prevalence, and further that the supplementary recommendation, namely that of destroying the summer brood of fly by plowing under the stubble, is a good agronomic practice according to certain authorities, and especially in those sections where the fly is so frequently abundant. In the past we have been largely dependent on two practices for the control of the common white grub (Lachnosterna spp.), namely that of pasturing hogs in infested fields and a rotation whereby corn, the most important field crop injured by grubs, is planted the year of grub abundance on ground which was con- _tinually cultivated during the flight of May-beetles the preceding spring. In other words, the control is practically a recommenda- tion to plant corn on corn ground, that is, corn on ground likely to contain fewer grubs, in order to avoid injury. This can hardly be considered a remedy since it avoids rather than destroys the insect, and the practice of planting corn on corn ground is not good i (oO aa -— - yo 7 254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST agronomic advice, nor indeed is it a good entomological practice in relation to such insects as the root aphis and root worm. For several years past our records have shown very little or no injury to corn planted on ground which was in clover the pre- ceding year, and not infrequently observant farmers have reported this condition. The past year observations which are more con- clusive and which corroborate the above statment have been made. For instance, last fall at Cascade, Iowa, we collected grubs behind a plow which circled a field, two-thirds of which bore a crop of timothy and one-third a good stand of alsike clover. As the plow turned up the soil in the timothy area the grubs were very abundant but as soon as the clover sod was reached, scarcely a grub could be found. Further, at one corner of the clover area the clover had died out, apparently because the lime had washed away, and the small patch had grown up in smartweed, sorrel and the like. and here the grubs were again abundant as in the timothy end of the field. At Richland, Michigan, a farmer limed his field pre- paratory to sowing clover, but left one drill row unlimed to satisfy himself on the value of the lime. Last spring when the May- beetles were abundant at Richland there was an excellent stand of red clover over the entire field excepting the unlimed strip which grew up to grass and timothy. An examination this spring re- vealed 30 to 40 grubs to the square yard in the unlimed strip, that is, where the timothy was growing, while in the rest of the field where the clover had made a good growth only 1 or 2 grubs to the square yard were to be found, and in digging a trench from the clover into the timothy one knew as soon as the timothy strip was reached by an abundance of grubs. All of these facts give us conclusive evidence that May-beetles will not deposit their eggs in numbers in ground which has a stand of clover which covers the ground, probably because the clover mats over the surface and makes it difficult for the beetles to make an entrance. The natural conclusion is to substitute clover for timothy in the rotation and to follow corn on clover ground, especially the year following an abundance of May-beetles. The growing of clover in place of timothy is a practice which has been recom- mended and advised by agronomists, but in most sections where bee it ata THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 255 the grubs are destructive the advice has not been followed. Farm- ers, as a rule, tell us they cannot grow clover in northern Illinois, southern Wisconsin and similar latitudes because of winter killing. - On the contrary thoroughly competerft authorities inform us that if the land is properly prepared for clover the danger of loss by winter killing is of little consequence, and that agriculture would be greatly improved in these sections if it were possible to secure a greater acreage of clover to replace the now large acreage of timothy. With the knowledge we now possess with regard to the importance of clover in the rotation as a means of preventing white grub injury it is not unlikely that it will have some influence in reducing the timothy and increasing the clover acreage in the white grub districts, and in this way in part compensates for the losses which have resulted within the past ten years. A rotation which we have recommended in the past for the white grub territory of northern Illinois and southern Wisconsin and similar latitudes and which is approved by the agronomists is oats or barley, clover and corn. If oats or barley are on the ground the year of the May-beetle flight it will contain many grubs but since either will be followed by clover which is little injured by white grubs, no harmful results will follow. If the field bears a good stand of clover during May and June of the year May-beetles are abundant, few or no eggs will be laid in the ground and it can be safely followed by corn, while if the field is in corn the year the beetles are abundant, few eggs will be laid if the field is kept culti- vated during the flight of the May-beetles,as it naturally should be,and further even should there be eggs laid in the corn ground as there occasionally are when the field is alongside a timber lot, the ground would be planted to oats or barley the following year - according to the rotation suggested and these grains are little injured by grubs. These few facts regarding the role of clover in the rotation to prevent white grub losses are brought together not only to empha- size the entomological importance of this crop, but also to show again the intimate relation between the study of soils and crops and field crop entomology,and the importance of a more intimate correlation of the two subjects. 256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NEW-SPECIES OF ODONATA FROM THE SOUTH- WESTERN UNITED STATES. , ‘Part Il. THREE NEw ARGIAS. BY CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, CORNELI. UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y. The following new species of Argia have been in the writer's hands for three years awaiting such time as he might have to describe them. The specimens from the Museum of Comparative Zoology: labelled solita were called to my attention by Dr. Calvert. 1 wish to thank Dr. Calvert and Dr. Banks for the privilege of describing these. After I had taken hinei at Fillmore, Calif., I found that Dr. Hine had taken it in Arizona and his material was in Mr. Williamson's hands awaiting description. I wish to thank Mr. Williamson for the privilege of describing these. Argia solita, n. sp. . Holotype-—Male in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., with the pin labels; “Arizona, C. U. Lot 35;” and ‘‘A. solita.” The Cornell catalogue shows that this was pur- chased from H. K. Morrison in 1883, when it was probably sent to Hagen for identification. A study of the penes shows this to be a near relative of Argia agrioides. Among my material of agrioides from California are specimens from Chico which have unforked humeral stripes and which in drying have turned partially violet, so this may be a badly faded, pale variety of agriozdes. Length of abdomen 26 mm., length of hind wing 22 mm. Colour: labium creamy; entire face and head otherwise violet, except rear of head which is pale (creamy?). -Eyes? . Prothorax violet with a small black spot on the side. Meso- thorax and metathorax violet, shading to creamy below with a mid-dorsal black stripe one-sixth as wide as either mesepisternum. Humeral stripe a hair line and a similar black line on second lateral suture. Legs and feet pale with a narrow, external black stripe on the femur. Wings hyaline, pterostigma mounting but one cell and brown in colour. Abdomen violet. Segments 1 and 2 without distinct mark- ings except a lateral spot at apex of seg. 1 and a narrow, black ring around apex of seg. 2. Segs. 3-6 each with a narrow, black August, 1918 ’ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 257 apical ring and a.lateral apical spot of irregular outline which is one-fourth as long as the segment. Seg. 7 with an interrupted, irregular stripe along the side, below the apical end of which is a - small detached spot. No apical ring on seg. 7. Segs. 8-10 blue? _ —some itregular, obscure dark areas along lower side of seg. 8, which may represent a black lateral stripe in better preserved material. Dorsal appendages short with a large ventral hook on the internal angle. Inferior appendage, bilobed, the lobes triangular and subequal; the posterior lobe directed caudad, the dorsal lobe directed dorsad, bearing on its apex an ill-defined spur directed dorsad. Inferior appendages as long as seg. 10 and twice the - length of the superior appendages. Female unknown. Argia alberta, n. sp. Holotype.—Male, collected by the writer in the Owen's Valley, at Laws, California, August, 1915, and now in the U. S. National Museum. Paratybe.—Female, collected by the writer in the Owen's Valley, at Laws, California, August 17, 1915, and now in the U. S. National Museum. This species simulates. Argia sedula in Peis and appendages, but the penes show this to be more nearly related to the northern _ wvtolacea group, while sedula is nearer translata and a large series of _ Mexican species. I take pleasure in naming it after my father Albert Hamil- ton Kennedy. Male, length of abdomen 22 mm., hind wing 18 mm.; female, abdomen 22 mm., hind wing 18 mm.; _ Male.—Colour: Labrum pale blue, the remainder of the face and head blue with an olive or,in some dried material, a violet cast. Under surface of head yellowish gray with a small black spot on each side of the occipital foramen. Clypeus edged with _ black. A wide bar through the paired ocelli and a broad, black _ stripe behind each postocuiar area. Eyes dark blue, paler below. Prothorax black dorsally with a bluish spot on each side. _ Mesothorax and metathorax dull blue (violet or brown in dried e material) darker and duller on the dorsal surface and grayish on 258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the sides. Mid-dorsal stripe occupying one-third of the area be- tween the humeral sutures. .Humeral stripe half as wide as the mid-dorsal, its upper third forked. A black line on second lateral suture 1 mm. wide. Pterostigmata brown subtended by one cell. Legs pale with blue on base of femora, broadly marked with black on the dorsal and anterior surfaces of the femora and on the anterior and in- ternal surfaces of the tibiz. Tarsi black. Abdomen with segs. 1-3 dull blue becoming duller or brownish on the lower sides. Seg. 1 with a baso-dorsal black spot. Seg. 2 with a narrow apical band and a lateral stripe black. Seg. 3 with the apical third and a lateral stripe black. Segs. 4-7 with the apical third and the dorsum black except a narrow basal band blue, the sides bluish or brownish. Segs. 8-10 pure, pale blue the lower edges more or less blotched with black. Superior appendages twice as long as wide when 2 from above, slenderer in profile. A prominent, internal, apical hook directed ventrad. Inferior appendages bifid, the lower ramus round or bluntly triangular directed caudad, superior lobe directed dorsad and terminating in an acute point. Female.—Colour as in the male but with the blue of the head and thorax paler. Eyes gray bluish above. Humeral stripe but half as wide as in the male, its branches linear. Legs marked as in male but the black on the femora reduced somewhat. Abdo- men brown with a narrow apical band on segs. 2-6. Segs. 2-6 with an apical dorsal spot, a lateral stripe and an oblique spot on the lower apical angle of the side. Seg. 7 with dorsal half black except a narrow band across the base. Segs. 8-9 with dorso- lateral stripe. Seg. 10 pale. In some females seg. 6 is coloured like 7. Mesostigmal laminz with no special modifications. A single male of this is in the Snow Collection from Colorado Springs, Colo., collected by E. S. Tucker. A male and female from Provo, Utah, are in the collection of Dr. Ris. Argia hinei, n. sp. Holotype.—-Male, collected by the writer at Fillmore, Ventura Co., Calif., Aug. 7, 1915, and now in the collection of Mr. William- son. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 259 Paratype.—Female, collected by the writer at Fillmore, Ventura Co., Calif., Aug. 7, 1915, and now in the collection of Mr. Williamson. Other material examined included thirteen males and a second female from Fillmore, Calif., and five males from Santa Barbara, Calif., all of which were of the dark typical coloration. A series of specimens from Arizona with less black were as follows: A male in Dr. Calvert’s collection labelled ‘‘A. solita’’ by Hagen and which had been associated in the M. C. Z. collection with the type of solita. See figs. 17-22. Seven males and a female from the Huachuca Mts., Arizona, collected by Dr. Hine, July 28-29, — 1907, and now in Mr. Williamson’s collection. A single male from the Santa Rita Mts., Arizona, in the Snow Collection, Kansas University, collected by Dr. F. H. Snow, in June, at an elevation of 8,000 feet. I take pleasure in naming this after Dr. Hine, a suggestion made by Mr. Williamson. Male abdomen length 26-27 mm., hind wing 20 mm.; female abdomen 26 mm., hind wing 21 mm. Male.—Colour: Labium and rear of head pale; labrum, face and top of head violet. A black bar through the ocelli; postocular areas edged posteriorly with black. Eyes violet in life. Prothorax violet with a mid-dorsal stripe and a lateral stripe black. Mesothorax and metathorax violet with mid-dorsal keel edged with pale; the mid-dorsal stripe slightly wider than either pale stripe bordering it. Humeral stripe one-third as wide as ' the mesepimeron, forked in its upper third. Second lateral suture narrowly black. Pterostigmata subtended by one cell, brown. Legs pale with a heavy black stripe on the upper and anterior surfaces of femur, and an internal black stripe on the tibia. Abdomen with segs. 1—7 violet, segs 8-10 blue with the follow- ing black markings: a dorso-basal spot on seg. 1, narrow apical rings on segs. 2-7. Seg. 2 with a lateral stripe not reaching the apical edge. Segs. 3-5 with a spot covering apical fourth of the side, the pairs on segs. 4-6 confluent on the middorsal line. A small antero-lateral spot on seg. 6. Seg. 7 with the dorsal half black except a narrow basal band; and having a small latero- 260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST apical spot in the ventro-apigal angle of the segment. Segs. 8 and 9 with more or less black on the lower sides. Some males show antero-lateral spots on segs. 4-6. The specimens from Arizona have less black on the head and thorax. In Dr. Calvert’s specimen the humeral stripe shows no trace of a fork. _ In the male from the Santa Rita Mts. the humeral stripe is forked and almost as heavy as in the Fillmore and Santa Barbara specimens. The specimens from the Huachuca Mts. have humeral stripes from the narrow form in the Dr. Calvert male to those in which a fork is suggested by a more or less perfect branch, but in all cases narrow. Appendages: superior appendage cupped on the ventral sur- face, with a tooth on the ental edge, which turns under the ap-. pendage thus being directed ectad; and a blunt, black subapical ventral tubercle. Inferior appendage bifid, the lower lobe rounded or triangular, the upper directed caudad and bearing a small tooth on its upper edge. ‘ Female colcured brown with the black markings on the head _and thorax as in the male. Eyes in life brownish violet. The abdomen with lateral stripes on segs. 2-9, those on segs. 7 and 8 more or less confluent with their mates along the mid-dorsal line. Segs. 2-8 with a latero-apical oblique spot on the lower apical angle of the side. Segs. 2-7 with a narrow apical ring. The female mesostigmal laminze have each a small posterior, free lobe. EXPLANATION OF PLATE V. Figs. 1-4. Holotype of Argia solita. Fig. 1 colour pattern, figs. 2-4 appendages. Figs. 5-10. Types of Argia alberta. Fig. 5 colour pattern of male, fig. 6 of abdomen of female; fig. 7 mesestigmal lamina of female. Figs. 8-10 male appendages. Figs. 11-16. Types’ of Argia hinei. Fig. 11 cclour pattern of male, fig. 12 of abdomen of female; fig. 13 mescestigmal lamina of female. Figs. 14-16 appendages of male. Figs. 17-22. Pale Argia hinez from Arizona. Figs. 17, 20-22 the male labeled solita by Hagen and now in Dr. Calvert’s coll. Figs. 18-19. Female from the Huachuca Mts. CAN} ENT. VOL... Li PLATE V THREE NEW ARGIAS. See p. 260. 262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE HEATH COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA. BY J. B. WALLIS, WINNIPEG, MAN. (Continued from Vol. XLIX, page 229.) Limacodidez. 4445 Tortricidia testacea Pack. Thyridz. 4471 Thyris lugubris Bdv. Cossidz. 4482 Cossus (Acossus) centerensis Lint. 4483 z ie popult Walk. 4487 Prionoxystus robinieé Peck. Sesiide. 4523 Bembecia marginata Harr. Many of the ‘‘Micros’” had been identified by Mr. Kear- fott. Unfortunately the names had been taken off the specimens and placed behind series often containing several species. Some of these were identified by com- parison with specimens in my collection, identified by Mr. Kearfott. The remainder were sent to Mr. Busck who kindly went over them. Pyralide. 4640 Desmia funeralis Hbn. 4703 Evergestis straminalis Hbn. 4709 Nomophila noctuella Schiff. 4714 Loxostege chortalis Grt. 4725 € sticticalis Linn. 4726 e commixtalis Wk. 4748 Diosemia plumbosignalis Fern. 4769 Peripasta ceculahs Zell. 4770 Phlyctenia ferrugalis Hbn. 4773 ‘ itysalis Wk. A779 a terrealis Tr. 4782 rs tertialis Gn. 4789 Pyrausta thestealis Wk. 4792 i oxydalis Gn. Probably. August, 1918 4805 4811 4812 4814 4816 4824 4837 4842 4858 4863 4866 4881 4888 4895 4913 4916 4917 4917b 4918 4936 4939 4940 4953 4958 4960 4974 4977 4980 4982 4995 5000 5004 5079 5108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Pyrausta fumalis Gn. fumoferalis Hulst. untfascialis Pack. * fodinalis Led. perrubralis Pack. ochosalis Dyar. generosa G. & R. nicalis Grt. funebris Strom. Nymphula icciusalis Wk. “ badiusalis Wk. a maculalis Clem. Scoparia centuriella Schiff. Pyralis farinalis Linn. 44 Herculia himonzalis Zell. This, according to Drs. Barnes & McDunnough is an abberation of olinalis Gn. Schenobius unipunctellus Rob. es tripunctellus Rob. a mellinellus Clem. albicostellus Fern. clemensellus Rob. Crambus pascuellus Linn. ~ unistriatellus Pack. ia prefectellus Zinck. perlellus Scop. (innotatellus WIk.) vulgivagellus Clem. ruricolellus Zell. dorsipunctellus Kearf. mutabilis Clem. 8 trisectus Wk. caliginosellus Clem. luteolellus Clem. Thaumotopsis fernaldellus Kearf. Argyria auratella Clem. Diatrea idalis Fern. Chilo comptulatalis Hulst. Mineola tricolorella Grt. Ambesa letella Grt. sé 46 264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 5110 Ambesa niviella Hulst. 5127 Meroptera pravella Grt. 5150 Salebria basilaris Zell. 5155 5 purpurella Hulst. (Myrlea delassalis Hulst.) 5159 Laodamia fusca Haw. 5175 Epischnia albiplagiatella Pack. 5176 * boisduvaliella Gn. | 5185 Megasts atrella Hulst. 5189 Lipographis leoninella Pack. 5232 Hulstia undulatella Clem. 5258 Homeosoma uncanale Hulst. 5270 Moodna ostrinella Clem. 5300 Peoria approximella Wk. Pterophoride. 5326 Platyptilia cosmodactyla Hbn. In the collection as punc- tidactyla Haw., which is a synonym. Platyptilia pallidactyla Haw. 5351 Pterophorus homodactylus Wik. 5352 i brucet Fern. 5370 2 monodactylus Linn. Tortricide. 5424 Exartema fasciatanum Clem. 5427 - inornatanum Clem. 5434 ea (Argyroploce) nimbatana Clem. 5436 capreana Hbn. 5437 rf - dimidiana Sodoft. 5444 st ES hemidesma Zell. 5452 a = duplex Wism. 5453 pone = nubilana Clem. 15) meee as 2 constellatana Zell. 5467 ¢: ee instrutana Clem. 5469 - i campestrana Zell. 5474 a s bipartiana Clem. 5489 Eucosma morrisont Wlism. & 5493 us vidingsana Rob. 5496 circilana Hbn. 5503 ‘i agricolana W}sin. =a il 5528 5532 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 2€5 Eucosma cuiminana Wlsm. z juncticiliana Wlism. confluana Kearf. A form of dorsisignatana Clem. heathiana Kearf. pallidicostana Wals. annetieana Kearf. imbrifiana Dyar. Probably. costastrigalana Kearf. bilineana Kearf. tenuiana Wals. awemeana Kearf. umbrastriana Kearf. iliotana Wism. dorsisignatana Clem. Cydia radiatana W\sm. ‘“ dorsiatomana Kearf. . pseudotsugana Kearf. triangulana Kearf. Epinotia fasciolana Clem. Ancylis mediofasciana Tr. “ nubeculana Clem. burgessiana Zell. Acleris subnivana Wk. ‘““ nugrolinea Rob. Probably. hastiana Linn. cervinana Fern. Cenopis reticulatana Clem. ““ groteana Fern. Sparganothis ideusalis W1k. Sparganothis puritana Rob. oi xanthoides W1k. ¥ irrorea Rob. vocaridorsana Kearf. Archips rosaceana Harr. “— purpurana Clem. cerasivorana Fitch. persicana Fitch. Platynota sentana Clem. aa ae . aa “é ae “a ae 266 5811 5816 5826 9827 5829 5840 5851 5892 6033 6034 6035 _ 6164 6226 6254 6262 6335 6344 6380 6402 6403 6404 6409 6412 6421 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Pandemis canadana Kearf. Tortrix alleniana Fern. ““ querctfoliana Fitch. “ conflictana WIk. osseana Scop. clemenstana Fern. argentana Clerck. Eulia triferana Wik. Phalonia vitellinana Zell. Hysterosia inopiana Haw. ze cartwrightiana Kearf. merrickana Kearf. “c Yponomeutide. Harpipteryx canariella Wlsm. e dentiferella \WIsm. % frustella W\sm. Gelechiidz. Gnorimoschema gallesolidaginis Riley. Gelechia lugubrella Fab. a ornatifimbriella Clem. pseudoacaciella Cham. Trichotaphe flavocostella Clem. setosella Clem. Gt Xylorictidz. Stenoma algidella Wlk. (Ecophoridz. ERENT Co arnicella Wism. Probably. argillacea Wlsm. sanguinella Busck. novimundt Wlism. i cintflonella Zell. Probably. canadensis Busck. Probably. juliella Busck. (A Se Beoe) flavicomella Engel. walsinghamiella Busck. — Accord- ing to the new list a synonym of fernaldella Wlsm. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 267 6436 Semioscopsis packardella Clem. 6438 ve aurorella Dyar. 6439 os megamicrella Dyar. 6440 = tnornata Wlsm. 6443 Ethmia fuscipedella W\sm. Elachistide. Mompha claudiella Kearf. Tineidz. 7024 Tineola bisselliella Hum. Probably. 7026 Monopis biflavimaculella Clem. 7030 ““— monachella Hbn. Hepialidz. 7150 Sthenopis argenteomaculatus Harr. Probably. C151 ‘‘ quadriguttatus Grt. Probably. A study of our Manitoban forms of Sthenopis is desirable. ECOLOGICAL NOTES ON THE SPRING CANKER WORM (PALEACRITA VERNATA, PECK). BY B. P. YOUNG, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y. During the past few years the elm trees of Lawrence, like those of many other Kansas municipalities have suffered materially from infestations by the spring canker worm, Paleacrita vernata, Peck. In fact, the large increase in numbers of this insect during the spring of 1916 seemed to foretell the impending danger of a worse devastation the next season and brought about a co-operative move on the part of the citizens to control the pest. Early in February, 1917, the city commissioners banded all elm trees, and other trees adjacent, as well as poles, with tar paper and tangle- foot, both in yards and on terraces in front. The cost of this work, combined with that of keeping the tanglefoot sticky during. the season of emergence, was charged to the various taxpayers con- cerned. ; Realizing the advantages of such conditions for an ecological study of the pest, the writer, while associated with the Depart- ment of Entomology of the University of Kansas, chose a district ° in which the trees had been completely defoliated the previous year and carried on the experiment outlined below. August, 1918 268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The initial objects of the experiment were (1) the determina- tion of the minimum temperature at which adults would emerge from the ground; (2) the average number of eggs laid by each female; (3) the incubation period; (4) the lowest temperature at which eggs would hatch, and (5) the percentage of sterility among eggs. Incidentally other interesting results were obtained. On February 27th and on each of the twenty-five succeeding days which were warm enough to permit the emergence of adults from the ground, 100 female moths were collected from the trunks of a certain group of eight trees, either from the free portion below the bands or from the cotton beneath the bands. On two days, the 4th and 5th of March, the temperature became prohibitive to the emergence of the females. and on the 6th of the same month two separate increments were taken as a check upon each other, thus basing the results of the experiment upon the activities of 2,500 females. Each increment of 100 females was taken to the insectary and placed immediately in a wide-mouthed, four-ounce bottle, con- taining a loose roll of cheesecloth. The mouth was then covered with the same material and the bottle kept under ordinary inside conditions of temperature, humidity, etc. On each succeeding day, including the fourth, the eggs were scraped from the cheesecloth roll and weighed on a balance, ac- curate to milligrams. These eggs were then placed in separate vials, plugged with cotton, and placed outside a west window of the insectary office in a window box. All eggs deposited after the fourth day of confinement up to the time of death of all females were weighed together and placed in the fifth vial of a series of five. In order to determine the average number of eggs to the milligram two large masses of eggs, especially free from foreign particles, were counted. Knowing the weight in milligrams and the total number of eggs in each, the desired average was readily computed. These two counts gave results so nearly identical that it was decided that the consideration of other masses was "unnecessary, and an average of the results obtained in these two cases was used throughout the experiment. Vials containing eggs were examined from day to day and ies tee whe 1091/ - bb oose soiree rawgp polinroy pied INNS E FELL a y (/ | : . i Y : : | , . r a he spb Lt ay Ss np é pri eT 0 I i peredap td ye ail ‘UW ———— 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST were recorded as hatching when at least twenty-five larve had emerged. Oftentimes one or two larve would appear in a vial several days before the majority of the eggs were ready to hatch. For the determination of the percentage of sterility in the eggs, those oviposited by ten different increments of 100 females were used, giving in all 50 vials of eggs. The number of eggs failing to hatch when compared with the total number of eggs in a vial gave the percentages of sterile and fertile eggs therein. Furthermore, 25 females were taken from the sticky bands to see what effect the tanglefoot on the body of the insect would have upon the number of eggs deposited. Observations upon the number of males and females emerging from a very limited area were ascertained by placing a light-tight box over this surface and counting those coming up within. By placing a shell vial in a cornucopia-shaped piece of cardboard in the side of the box the adults emerging would seek the light of the vial and could be counted from day to day. Unfortunately, the possibilities of this phase of the experiment presented them- selves too late for the collection of sufficient data upon which to base definite conclusions. It would be interesting to learn whether the relative proportion of males to females differs materially dur- ing the season of emergence. Average indoor temperatures were secured from a self-record- ing thermometer by averaging the twelve hourly readings during the day and night, respectively. Outdoor mean day-and night temperatures were computed from the daily readings taken by the physics department at 7 a.m., 2 p.m., and 7 p.m. The mean night temperature was assumed to be the average of the readings of the thermometer at, 7 p.m. and 7 a.m. The mean day temperature, however, was not so easily obtained, but by giving the 2 p.m. reading double significance, as this was probably the highest daily temperature reading, and using this reading with those at 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. a fair average was secured. Thus, in order to compute the mean day tempera- ture on March 25, '17, which showed the following readings: Tema) wade - 12 p.m., 69.5°; and 7 p.m., 64°, we would add 43,69.5, 69.5, and 64 and divide by four, getting 61.5°. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 271 _ Fig. 10 is primarily a data sheet. Here the letters of the alphabet are used to designate ithe several increments of 100 females collected. The groups of figures extending diagonally across the plate represents milligrams of eggs deposited on suc- cessive nights from February 27th until March 24th, inclusive. The first four figures of each horizontal row indicate the deposits of a single increment during the first four nights in the insectary; the fifth, all after the fourth night until the entire increment of 100 females was dead. The last vertical column represents, in days, the length of time each increment was kept; the column next to this the total number of milligrams of eggs deposited by each increment. A grand total of the eggs deposited by the 2,500 females appears below as well as the average number of days the insects were kept before all were dead. The number of eggs to the milligram was computed by counts made of the eggs deposited by increments O and R on the nights of March 14th and 18th, respectively, these masses being ex- ceptionally free from foreign particles. The count on the former, weighing 330 milligrams was 3,851 or 11.67 eggs to the milligram; that on the latter, weighing 250 milligrams, was 2,930 or 11.72 eggs to the milligram. These results were considered close enough to warrant the adoption of 11.7 to be used as a multiplier in chang- ing milligrams to number of eggs. Table III shows the number of eggs considered in computing the incubation period for different parts of the season, together with the total number of eggs upon which was based the de- termination of the average number of days spent in the egg stage. Table IV gives the data upon which the calculation of the average percentage of fertility of the eggs depends. In each case the letter in the first vertical column specifies the particular in- crement whose total number of eggs deposited during each suc- cessive night is designated and totalled; whose sterile eggs deposited during each successive night is recorded and totalled; and the computed percentage of sterile eggs for each night’s deposit ap- pears with its average. At the bottom of the table appear grand totals which show an almost identical percentage of sterility in the first two nights’ deposits with an increase thereafter approximat- ing a geometrical ratio. TT “31 ESS eam, FLEE 2/8 / NWO(LIGOL IY SO FLILT coo Os GO Se CP $2 2/7 WHAM UG WEE uM wb £9 t o£ a7 emai Seerecoeeeeseoas catetes pas FUMLbHIAWT) DL FOVLE 997 LO NOLLVTEY ONINGHO STAT sane ua : eee aaiaeaEHREHEEeaEaze S 2 8 N 7 LALLOLT 8 —FNZ? FM 8 17 Wyre beep STH/1LIUSAWT YL — PNET) PMID 77027 (tes bb? yy SHYT 10 LY THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 273 The relation of the duration of the egg stage to outdoor temperatures is shown graphically in Fig. 11. The full line temperature date curve was plotted by using the average daily outdoor temperatures as ordinates and the dates as abscisse; the broken line egg-stage-date of oviposition curve, by using the incubation period as ordinates and dates of oviposition as abscisse. On the same plate the parallel transverse lines represent the incu- bation periods of eggs laid at different times during the season; the left end indicating the date of oviposition and the right that of hatching. Passing now to the consideration of results it seems best to discuss first the reasonably definite conclusions and later those ~ which might be termed suggestive. The females began to oviposit during the second night after emergence from the ground,if we assume that most of the moths collected each day emerged the evening of the preceding day. Or, in other words, they began to oviposit during the first night in captivity. The relative percentages of eggs laid during each day following collection are: Ist, 32.93%; 2nd, 38.4%; 3rd, 15.64%; 4th, 7%; during remaining period of life, 6.03%. It is interesting to note that 71.33% of all eggs deposited appeared during the first two nights after the moths were collected. The average number of eggs deposited by each female under the conditions of the experiment was surprisingly low. The 17,681 milligrams of eggs deposited by 2,500 females means only an average of 82.7 eggs apiece, which when contrasted with figures running as high as 400 given by dissections as weil as by standard texts, seems hard to account for. In all probability the females of this species, like those of many others among insects, normally fail to deposit all the eggs of which they are capable or possibly - some sterile females die before leaving a single mass of eggs. Turning to the figures on the percentage of sterility of eggs we find the following averages for all laid during the various nights in captivity: Ist, 10.8%; 2nd, 11.2%; 3rd, 22.4%; 4th, 46.7%; and thereafter, 82.8%, with a general average of 19.15°% sterility. Therefore, if the average females lay 82.7 eggs and 19.15% of these are sterile we can say, disregarding all other casualty factors, 274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST that each emerging female will ordinarily start sixty-eight larve on their perilous life cycles. . The longest incubation period for any egg mass was found to be 32 days, the shortest 23, with an average of 26 days. Un- doubtedly, as is to be expected, temperature plays an important role in the determination of this period, for eggs exposed to the sun, on account of a crack in the window box, under the identical conditions of others in other respects, hatched at least two or three days before those better protected from its rays. The average number of days the females lived after being taken was about nine, although individuals varied widely in this respect. Considering now some of the suggestive results we find good reasons for believing that the temperature prohibitive to the emergence of females is between 20 and 25° F. During the first four days of the experiment the average daily temperature re- mained steadily below freezing, about 30° F., and females were found in abundance, but during the fifth night the temperature dropped to 18° and as a result it was impossible to secure the moths either the next day or the following, which was preceded by a night even colder, but on the third day thereafter, following a decided rise in temperature during the previous day and night, plenty of moths were taken. The temperature of the fifth night was assumed to be that critical to the emergence of the females. A study of Plate II shows no eggs hatching on April Ist, 4th, 7th, 8th and 15th at temperatures of 38, 40, 36, 391% and 46 degrees respectively, but on the other hand on April 2nd, 5th, 12th, 13th and 14th thev are shown to have hatched at tempera- tures as low as 4814, 50, 49, 4914 and 4814 degrees. Based upon the above figures an average daily temperature around 45° F. might be considered as that fatal to the hatching of eggs in the ordinary run of weather. The count made upon the males and females emerging under a single light-tight box, 17 x 251% inches in area, showed 34 males and 11 females, or approximately 75% of the whole number were of the winged sex. On March 20th aside from the usual 100 normal females, 25 were taken from the tanglefoot bands, each having a certain amount THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 275 of this sticky material on its abdomen. Comparing the 33 milli- grams of eggs laid by the latter 25 females with 828 milligrams by the above-mentioned 100 females, we find that in case a moth is able to drag herself through the sticky band and go on up the tree she is not likely to deposit more than 16% as many eggs as she would otherwise have done under normal conditions. The conclusion to be drawn is that even those bands which do not keep the moths away from the lower branches are somewhat effective. It was found by isolating individuals that eggs are not all deposited at one time but may be laid in at least four different masses. Almost always sterile eggs appeared bunched together, as if from one female and not a few heré and there, mixed with fertile ones. In conclusion, we might add one more suggestion gathered from the data on the fertility of eggs, Table IV. It would seem from the consideration of the uniformity which the grand total of the number of sterile eggs indicates for each succeeding night, when compared with the pronounced dropping off in the total number of eggs laid after the second night, that the sterile females retain their eggs as long as possible, while most of the fertile females oviposit during the first or second nights after emergence. Results of similar experiments in other localities would be interesting for comparison. Tassie I, MEAN TEMPERATURES (FAHRENHEIT DEGREES). INSECTARY OFFICE. 1917. Date Day Night Date Day Night February 27.......... 82.0 80.0 March lS. s..:<0-633 70.0 62.5 e Deters dics 79.0 80.0 ere De eae ee id aed 82.0 Marah’ U5 :isccc.:- 81.0 76.0 BA a ae 85.25 81.0 ¢. eee 77.0 78.0 Spun eco cote. 79.0 79.5 ne Stes nee 80.5 76.67 ee Maer aaa 83.5 = 84.0 oa AE eases 64.0 71.0 SS tee ee 78.5 74.25 a Dihottaswces 72.0 76.0 Ce Se: ee 13.25 76.75 Ss ee 83.0 69.5 LGD Genero 73.5 69.0 ie ees, oe Fe 13.9 Lose ee ee 69.0 67.0 hs eee aeransees 82.0 83.0 a MS tr 72.5 74.5 os hs ee 84.5 83.5 ape ts, 76.5 87.5 es 0 eS eee 81.0 86.5 250) eae 86.5 83.0 a Jil te eae 1Oka 62.0 Ls) Ree 82.25 83.17 eee 75.0 77.0 eo) Pee 80.25 80.5 sd S'S ae 75.0 73.33 AYU oe tecccse 70.0 71.0 iar ere 80.33 81.33 er Tk aes 70.0 72.83 2G Us See 81.5 87.5 OE Sites ocr: Ce ae 81.5 pe A Eee teens 74.0 70.0 ee oT ee 78.33 73.33 sol wt ere 76.33 74.0 Sy OS scan nebeneees 76.5 83.75 276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST TABLE II. OUTDOOR TEMBERATURES 0: nitt Sie eae 1917. Mean Mean Average Date 7 a.m. 2p 7 p.m. day night ‘daily Pebraatyi2a:e..iins.t. 36.0 65.0 59.0 56.25 46.0 51.12 ie Dee es. 33.0 37.0 29.5 34.0 25,25 29.62 21.0 39.5 32.0 33.0 26.25 29.62 20.5 44.0 36.5 36.25 29.25 32.75 22.0 36.5 29.5 Sue 0) 27.75 29.37 26.0 39.0 31.5 34.0 28.5 31.25 205 Soh 28.5 29.25 18.25 23.75 9.0 22:0 19.0 18.0 14.5 16.25 9.5 40.0 44.0 Sanu 41.25 37.12 38.5 56.5 51.5 50.75 42 75 46.75 34.0 44.0 40.0 40.5 33.75 37.12 PAE} 53.0 47.5 45.25 Sheehan 41.5 32,0 69.0 62.5 57.0 60.75 58.87 59.0 73.5 70.0 69.0 51:75 60.37 33.5 52.0 47.0 46.0 41.25 43.62 Sono 40.5 37.0 38.5 35.0 36.75 33.0 37.0 35.5 3535 31.75 33.62 28.0 44.5 41.0 39.5 35.0 37.75 29.0 55.0 46.0 46.25 41.75 44.0 Sto 38.0 34.0 37.0 Sled 34.25 29.0 38.0 34.5 35.0 34.5 34.75 34.5 43.0 41.0 40.5 40.25 40.37 39.5 65.0 54.4 56.0 46.75 51.37 39.0 46.5 43.0 43.75 BMG 40.62 32.0 63.5 57.0 54.0 523 53.25 48.0 VCE 66.0 67.25 50.5 58.69 36.5 54.5 50.0 49.0 43.75 46.37 Sif fee) 66.5 61.5 60.5 52.25 56.37 43.0 69.5 64.0 61.5 46.5 54.0 39.0 46.0 42.5 43.5 33.75 38.62 25.0 53.0 47.5 44.5 44.25 44.37 41.0 73.0 64.5 63.0 53.25 58.12 42.0 66.0 56.0 5725 55.0 DGE2D 54.0 79.5 75.5 72.0 64.0 68.0 52.0 59.5 54.0 56.25 48.0 52.12 42.0 40.5 39.0 40.5 35.75 38.12 Bau 55.0 50.5 48.25 48.25 48.25 46.0 58.5 BY 6575) aoe 51.25 53.19 45.0 41.0 41.0 42.0 38.25 40.12 35.5 55.0 53.0 49.62 49.25 49.44 45.5 65.0 62.0 59.37 54.25 56.81 46.5 39.0 S20 39.25 32.75 36.0 33.0 48.0 40.5 42.37 36.5 39.44 S255 60.5 Sas 52.75 52.25 o2.0 47.0 GUE) 64.5 63.37 57.25 _ 60.31 50.0 65.0 58.0 59.5 48.75 54.12 44.5 D4 0s ayes f 51.25 46.0 48.62 39.5 59.5 51.0 S237, 47.0 49.69 F 43.0 56.0 BLES: 51.62 45.25 48.58 39.0 45.0 44.0 43.25 48.5 45.87 53.0 71.0 70.0 66.25 64.0 65.12 58.0 Lie) (ERIE bes y/ 68.0 69.69 62.5 KR 72.0 (P4583 V6 65.5 68.94 59.0 70.0 65.0 66.0 ooRDL ee 59.75 i i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 277 TABLE III. INCUBATION PERIOD. (PALEACRITA VERNATA). Number of eggs | Number of days considered Oviposited Hatched in egg stage i 4,364 11-27-17 Tk at 17 32 5,288 II-28—"17 III-31-"17 31 2,948 III- 1-17 III-31-"17 30 3,650 III- 2-17 III-30-"17 28 4,610 III- 3-17 III-29-"17 26 3,264 III- 4-17 ITI-30-"17 26 2,591 III- 5-17 III-30-"17 25 6,507 III- 6—17 II{-31—17 25 11,279 III- 7-17 III-31—17 24 4,973 III- 8-17 III-31-"17 23 4,411 III- 9-17 IV— 2-17 24 7,570 III-10—'17 IV- 5-17 26 2,820 III-11-"17 IV-— 6-17 26 6,447 III-12-"17 IV-— 6-17 25 7,348 III-13-"17 IV-10—'17 28 3,861 III-14-17 IV-— 9-17 26 3,463 III-15—'17 IV-10-'17 26 3,077 III-16-"17 1V-12-'17 27 6,295 III-17-"17 IV-12-'17 26 4,914 III-18—17 IV-12-"17 25 5,090 III-19-"17 IV-13-17 | 25 8,237 III-20-—'17 IV-14-17 25 5,932 III-21-17 IV-16-"17 | 26 7,383 III-22-17 IV-17-"17 | 26 5,347 ITI-23-"17 IV-17-17 | 25 6,002 III-24-'17 IV-18-17 25 2,200 III-25-'17 IV-19-'i7 25 139,871 Total Average | 26 TABLe IV. OVIPOSITED. Increments Ist 2nd 3rd 4th There- of 1002 9 Data night night night night | after | Totals 1. Total number of eggs...| 4,364 2,469 714 257 SoL- TES, 155 A 2. Number of sterile eggs..| 480 494 251 117 310 | 1,652 3. Pctge. of sterile eggs..... 11 20 35.2 45.5 88.3} 20.2 1. Seesame numberabove! 3,650 4,610 1,088 725 257 =| 10,330 D Ze a ae 341 707 256 204 132 1,640 3. 2 x 9.3] 15.3 23.5 27.8) 51.4 15.9 v3 oa s 1,065 3,264 2,691 1,170 726 8,916 E 2. 47 sr 222 303 431 605 537 2,098 3. td se 19.9 9.3 16.6 Le, 74 230 ie > a 2,656 4,595 | 2,048 667 139 | 10,105 F 2. rs ee 140 374 507 347 108 | 1,476 oes ¥ ; 5.3] 8-1 24.7 52 7%.7| 14.6 iL, Ms re 2,504 4,352 1,778 620 760 10,014 I 2 ae i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 313 —_— tance between hind ocelli; frontal stripe extending to ocelli; orbits very narrow, widening below, shining black to below level of arista, then thinly brown pollinose; facialia and lunule more densely brown pollinose; antenne black, of ordinary size, arista bare, its penultimate joint longer than wide; palpi and proboscis black; postorbital cilia long, slender, curling over the eye. Thorax shining black, unstriped, only the postnotum and a space above the hind coxa with thin, brown pollen; prealar indistinguishable among some long hairs, several pairs of long, erect anterior acrosti- chals mixed with slender, tall hairs; mesopleura and sternopleura with abundant long hair, the two stpl. bristles of striking length; halteres blackish, calypters deep yellow. Abdomen rather elongate, shining black, only when viewed from behind showing a thin, dark pollen with a median dark stripe. Legs wholly shining black; front femora with the usual two teeth below, and abundant hairs on outer side, among which below about five bristles form a short row; front tibiz broadly flattened and corrugated on the inner side opposite the femoral teeth, without bristles except at tip; middle femora on front side with short, erect, dense hairs, on hind side with immensely long hairs, some 2/5 as long as the femur; middle tibia on outer front side with four slender bristles beyond middle, the subapical long and hairlike; on the outer hind side with four bristles, and on inner hind side close to tip with half a dozen smallish, hairlike bristles; middle basitarsus with unusually long hairs below, which are longer apically and continue but slightly reduced to the tip of the following joint; hind femur below at base with a stout, erect double spine with crooked tip; on the outer side the upper series of bristles is complete and the lower begins at the middle; hind tibia with striking rows of long villous hairs or bristles on the outer and inner flexor sides, the outer espe- cially long, some of them 2/5 as long as the tibia; a distinct bristle just below the middle behind, and on the outer hind side a series of long hairs in which two bristles occur. Pulvilli dark, not elongated. Wings brownish, third and fourth veins barely convergent; last segment of the fourth less than twice the preceding. Female.—Shining black, including abdomen. Front one-third the head-width, velvet black except the large, shining ocellar 314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST triangle, which stops just short of the cruciate bristles, and the shining orbits, which become very wide near the antenne, where together they exceed the stripe; thorax with the hairs not unusually developed; two pairs of large, anterior acrostichals with hairs be- tween and before; prealar distinct, more than one-third as long as following bristle; two sternopleurals behind, the lower smaller, and one in front. Front tibia with one or two very minute bristles in front; middle tibia with three on outer front beyond middle, four on outer hind; hind tibia with one long behind, three on outer hind, three on outer front; middle tarsi normal; middle femur with a row of short bristles on front side, ending abruptly at middle, no unusual hairs behind. Calypters as in male, halteres more brown than black. Length of male 7.2 mm.; of female 6.4 mm. One male, one female, collected at Tacoma, Wash., on June 27, 1917, by Professor A. L. Melander, to whom they are returned. The male runs to occulta in Malloch’s table, from which it differs in many charaters, among them the presence of dense hair below on the first two joints of the middle tarsus. The female hardly runs at all in Malloch’s table, as the halteres are inter- mediate between yellow and black, the first alternative; it separates from all other species in large size, wide shining, black orbits, and the armature of the middle tibia. OBITUARY. LIEUT. VERNON KING. We regret to record the death of Lieut. Vernon King of the Royal Flying Corps, who was killed in France on April 11th, 1918. Lieut. King was a graduate of the Ontario Agricultural Col- lege, Guelph, and before enlisting was a Scientific Assistant in the Branch of Cereal and Forage Insect Investigations of the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. He resigned his position in November, 1914, .and proceeded to England. After serving at the Dardanelles he joined the Flying Corps and was. killed in an air fight while carrying on duties as an observer on the date mentioned. He was an extremely promising young man, and was very well liked by all who knew him. September, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 315 PARTIAL KEY TO THE GENUS AGROMYZA (DIPTERA), FOURTH PAPER. BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. The key presented in this paper contains species with the following characters: Frons partly reddish or yellow, either the interfrontalia or orbits or both entirely or in part pale; scutellum not noticeably paler than dorsum of thorax; costa extending to apex of fourth vein; halteres whitish or yellowish. I believe that the species I described as coloradensis in October, 1913, is the same as that described by Melander, a week or two. before the appearance of my paper, under the name genualis. The descriptions agree so clearly that I have indicated the synonymy in the present paper. I have included aceris Greene in this key although I cannot tell definitely from the description whether the frons is partly red in front or not. The species is closely related to pruinosa with which it is compared in the key. There are several species closely related to these two, including pruni Grossenbacher, and walton? Malloch, the arbitrary characters used in the keys being responsible for their occurrence in different papers in this series. All of the cambium-mining species I have examined have the orbits poorly or not at all differentiated from the interfrontalia, the thorax with very dense pruinescence, and 4 pairs of dorso-central bristles. 1. Mesonotum opaque gray; centre of disc between the rows of dorsocentrals with a yellowish brown longitudinal vitta which extends on to the disc of scutellum; 4 pairs of dorso- centrals present. Food-plant unknown. N. H.; Mo.; Mb Woes Be Coo cee co aks. ..c.-........ mmaculata. Coquillett. Mesonotum shining, or if opaque gray then without a - Mesonotum shining, or if opaque gray then without a brown OTE es ey ie ee Fab 2. Antenne entirely yellow or reddish, the third joint occasion- ally slightly darkened at insertion of the arista......... ees: At least the third antenal joint black.......0000000............. Teta 5" OS sree Pleurz black, at most the sutures yellowish ......000.0.0000............6 September, 1918 316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 4. Lateral margins of mesonotum concolorous with disc; pleure entirely yellow. Food-plant unknown. | Ea en pte > ere be eee PEW atta ye ere pleuralis Malloch. Lateral margins of mesonotum yellow; pleure with dark marks)... less) hose te ei oe os ne Seen Sane eae 5 5. Very small species, 1 mm. in length; frons subquadrate; mesonotum with 3 pairs of dorso-centrals. Food-plant unknown.) Wash 204 2.0)2.).0toe ae ee clara Melander. Larger species, 1.5 mm. in length; frons longer than broad; mesonotum with 4 pairs of dorso-centrals. Food-plant un- known. Call: Maine 30sec citreifrons Malloch. 6. Lateral margins of mesonotum pale yellow..............2.....0.0 7 Lateral margins of mesonotum concolorous with disc........ A 7. Last section of fifth vein subequal to preceding section. Food- plant unknowny. Alaska< {isc Races pollinosa Melander. Last section of fifth vein twice as long as preceding section. Food-plant unknown. N. M............0....... indecisa Malloch. 8. Legs entirely black; frons reddish in front, blackish behind; thorax densely gray pruinescent, with 4 pairs of dorso- centrals; outer cross-vein at its own length from inner. Larve mining in cambium of Amelanchier canadensis. W. Valeo a amelanchierts Greene. Legs with the knees at least pale, either reddish or yellow....8a. Sa. Large, robust species, at least 4 mm. in length; orbits poorly or not at all differentiated from interfrontalia; thorax with 4 pairs of dorso-central bristles. ....20...) sh. aeeee eee oe 8b. Smaller, slender species, at most 3 mm. in length; orbits well differentiated from interfrontalia; thorax with 2, rarely 3, pairs of dorso-central bristles. 225-45 eee ee 9 Sb. Palpi reddish yellow; first costal division not over two-thirds as long as second; last section of fifth vein subequal to penultimate section. Larve mining in cambium of Betula niger. Col. Na. IV 222 pruinosa Coquillett. Palpi black; first costal division about three-fourths as long ~ as second; last section of fifth vein distinctly longer than penultimate section. Larve mining in cambium of Acer TUDI UM Na... oc he aceris Greene. 9, Last section of fifth vein 1 1/38 times aslong as preceding sec- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 317 tion first costal division (that beyond humeral vein) over half as long as second; interfrontalia entirely reddish; _ orbital and dorso-central bristles weak; proboscis and palpi fuscous; food-plant unknown. IIL.....albidohalterata Malloch. Last section of fifth vein subequal to preceding section; first costal division half as long as second; interfrontalia infus- cated on upper half; orbital and dorso-central bristles strong; proboscis and palpi orange-coloured. Food-plant naomi ee. C Pas We. otk .... varifrons Coquillett. 10. Lateral margins of mesonotum broadly pale yellow....... Sao A Lateral margins of mesonotum narrowly, or not at all, vel- low, the pale colour confined almost entirely to the suture or to the extreme upper margin of the pleure........... 12: 11. Frons with the centre stripe pale yellow; orbits sometimes blackened posteriorly; legs black, knees never vellow. Larve mining leaves of Malva, Verbena, Solidago, Helian- Mesa IG MG GREE AN 20 22.2928 2 Se jucunda V. d. Wulp. Frons with centre stripe more or less blackened; legs with knees pale yellow. Larve mining leaves of oats, wheat and other cereals. General...................... coquilletit Malloch. 12. Palpi yellow. Food-plant unknown. (22 ET LS A a ee ee longipennis Loew. Re tana A Ace eccntsteveerteee ae 2 Bere entirely lack oo oi. k sede cicc tse. oer is 13: we So. TE DRE Se re a8 be 3 ee Abe 14. Shining black species, very slightly dusted; interfrontalia yel- low; thoracic bristles very long; 4 pairs of strong dorso- centrals; last section of fourth vein three times as long as preceding section. Food-plant unknown. 2 lk Oe rutiliceps Melander. Opaque black, pollinose species; thoracic bristles distinct from setule; abdomen entirely black; frons reddish anteriorly, black posteriorly. Larve mining in cambium of Amelan- basen Camadensis.. W. Va......0..........006+: amelanchieris Greene. Opaque black, pollinose species; interfrontalia yellow; thoracic setulae long, dorso-centrals scarcely distinguishable from them except the posterior pair; last section of fourth vein Ss THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 4 times as long as preceding section. Food-plant unknown. Id: J jdt: aie Sa ecke: SE eee auriceps Melander. Ld; Small species, 1. a 2 mm. in length; general colour shining black, interfrontalia black; orbits lemon yellow on upper half; apical half of femora yellow; tibiae brownish yellow. Food- plant unknown. Mass., D. C., Ind., IlL.....marginata Loew. Larger species, 2.5-3.5 mm. in length; general colour opaque black, gray pollinose; interfrontalia and orbits largely or entirely yellow; femora narrowly yellow at apices. Food- plant unknown. Mont., Id., Wash., Col., Mateo cia (coloradensis Malloch) genualis Melander. OUR BIRCH SYMYDOBIUS DISTINCT FROM THE EUROPEAN. (APHIDIDA!—HOM.) BY A. C. BAKER, WASHINGTON, D.C. In 1909 specimens of the oviparous female of a species of Symydobius were collected from birch by the writer at Puslinch Lake near Guelph, Ont. These were determined as oblongus Heyden. Dr. Edith M. Patch* found the same species in Maine in 1908 and gave an excellent description and figures of it. under the name oblongus. Specimens collected in 1903 on Betula alba in Minneapolis, Minn., presumably by Mr. Theo. Pergande, are now in the collection of the Bureau of Entomology. Fig. 12.—Ehrhornia graminis, 0-SD.: A, female in last instar but not fully grown; B, posterior end of abdomen of first stage larva; C, dermal pore; D, anal ring of adult; E, large pore of the median ventral series. 7 % - xs ee j THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ 327 Morphological characteristics —Length of largest specimen (flattened on slide) 2.8 mm. Mounted specimens pyriform or circular. Adult female with well developed legs and with 6-seg- mented antennz, the last segment longest. Derm membranous throughout except for some irregular chitinization in old individuals. Anal ring (in specimens flattened on the slide) appearing on the ventral side of the body, in old individuals at some distance from the posterior margin, quite small, heavily chitinized, non-cellular, bearing 2 small sete. Body destitute of all but a very few ex- tremely minute sete and three slender sete on each side of the anal ring. Dermal pores quite numerous, all circular, the ma- jority borne at the inner end of short ducts. On the ventral side of the abdomen there is a median, longitudinal row of five quite large, sessile pores. First stage larva with six-segmented antenne. Body beset with many slender sete, especially toward the posterior end. Anal ring simple, bearing six long sete. Anal lobes lacking. Dermal pores numerous, circular, multilocular or occasionally trilocular. Type host and locality—From an undetermined species of perennial grass growing on the ridge about a mile east of the reser- voir at Pacific Grove, Monterey County, Calif., Dec. 1, 1917. Collected by the author. Paludicoccus, n. gen. Coccidz of the type described above. Adult female apodous and with the antenne reduced to mere stubs, three-segmented. Ventral side of the abdomen without cribriform plates. Anal ring quite heavily chitinized, normally with 6 small sete. | Dermal pores circular and without distinct loculi. First stage larva with 6-segmented antennz. Adult male apterous; antenne 8-segmented. Type of the genus; Spherococcus disticlium (Kuwana). Paludicoccus disticlium (Kuwana). 1902. Pseudolecanium disticlium Kuwana, Ent. News, vol. 13, p. 134, figs. 1, 2. 1903. Spherococcus disticlium (Kuw.); Fernald, Cat. Coccide, p. 85. The descriptions and figures given by Kuwana are in general 328 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST quite satisfactory, but there remain certain very important de- tails that were overlooked. ¢ The anal ring is not hairless, as was stated in the description, _ but bears six very small sete. Due to the heavy chitinization of the body these are usually somewhat difficult to see. The an- tenne are 3-segmented. The dermal pores are in part tri- - ‘ tae : A .~ locular but the majority are cir- cular. The circular pores are in part multilocular and sessile and in part without distinct loculi, those of the latter type being borne at the end of short ducts. In the first stage larva the Fig 13.—Paludicoccus disticlium( Kuwana): anal ring bears six slender hairs, . A, antennae of adult male; B, posterior end of A ‘ abdomen of first stage larva. not “four spiny hairs.’”’ The second stage differs from the adult only in the membranous condition of the derm and the smaller spiracles. The adult male is apterous. The antenne are 8-segmented and somewhat clavate. The body is entirely destitute of hairs except for a group of three long sete on each side at the posterior end of the abdomen. The eyes each consist of a dorsal and a ventral ocellus, the former the larger. Material examined.—Type and topotype specimens. Callococcus, n. gen. Coccide referable to the tribe Asterolecaniini of the subfamily Dactylopiine (of the Fernald Catalogue). Adult female apodous and with the antenne reduced to mere chitinized points. Anal | lobes lacking. No stigmatic clefts or stigmatic spines. Anal ring extremely obscure—apparently hairless. Pores of the 8-shaped type confined to a longitudinal row which extends along the median line of the dorsum from one end of the body to the other. Derm with many tubular ducts of the type common to the tribe, these espe- cially numerous along the median line of the dorsum. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 329 First stage larva without anal lobes; with the anal ring ex- tremely minute and hairless; 8-shaped pores large, confined to - the margin of the body; antennz 4-segmented. Type of the genus: Spherococcus pulchellus Maskell. Notes.—Although this genus appears to be unquestionably Asterolecanine it differs markedly from any other known to me. I can say nothing in regard to its relationship with the other mem- bers of the group. Callococcus pulchellus (Maskell). 1896. Spherococcus pulchellus Maskell, Trans. N. Zealand Inst., vol. 29, p. 324, pl. 21, figs. 10-13. The adult female of this species is enclosed in a pretty, waxy covering that has been well described by Maskell. Morphological characteristics. — Adult female merely an elongate, oval sac, without appendages of any sort. Fig. 14.— Callococcus pulchellus Anal lobes entirely lacking, their posi- tee tion not indicated by sete. Anal ring zs | probably very minute and _ hairlesss, a it does not appear even in well stained preparations. Derm membranes except for a narrow, somewhat irregular, longitudinal, chitinized area extending the full length of the body along the median line of the dorsum. This area appearing only in fully mature individuals. Derm with many rather short, tubular ducts, these especially numerous along the dorsal area just described. Pores of the 8-shaped type extremely minute and inconspicuous, confined to a row which extends along the median line of the dorsum from one end of the body to the other. In the fully mature insect this line of pores is almost entirely obscured — by the chitinization of the dorsum. First stage larva with 4-segmented antenne. Anal lobes lacking, the posterior end of the abdomen pointed. Anal ring extremely minute, hairless. Derm destitute of hairs and with a single, marginal row of large, 8-shaped pores. Material examined.—Specimens determined by Froggat as this species and agreeing in all respects with the original description. 330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Mycetococcus, n. gen. Coccide referable to the tribe Asterolecaniini of the sub- family Dactylopiine (of the Fernald Catalogue). Adult female apodous and with the antenne reduced to mere unsegmented tubercles. Body top-shaped, ending in a pair of prominent lobes, which, together with the last segment of the abdomen, are heavily chitinized. Type of the genus: Cerococcus ehrhorni Ckll. Cerococcus corticis Towns. and CkIl., also included. Notes.—The description here given will doubtless appear extremely short, but the characters enumerated are the only ones that the two species included have in common. Although the two are very similar in general appearance and occur upon hosts of the same genus, I am unable to avoid the conviction that they are not congeneric and perhaps should not even be referred to the same group. It has seemed best, however, to place them together until the value of the characters that seem to separate them has been more fully investigated. These differences will be discussed under the species. Neither of the species can be considered as having anything in common with the genus Cerococcus to which they have been referred. The first stage larve are very different from those of typical Cerococcus, the adults lack the ‘“‘cauda’’ be- tween the anal lobes and the cribriform plates of the latter genus while the heavily chitinized anal lobes and terminal segment of the abdomen are quite distinctive. Mycetococcus ehrhorni (CkIl.). (Fig. 15 A.) 1895. Cerococcus ehrhornt Ckl\l. Psyche, vol. 7, p. 255. 1901. Cerococcus ehrhorni Ckll.; Patterson, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 387, pl. 22, figs. 1-9. A sufficiently accurate general description of the insect will be found in the papers of Cockerell and Patterson, but there are certain details that have been overlooked. The derm in the adult female bears numerous small, 8-shaped pores and a very few, extremely minute and delicate tubular ducts that appear to be of the type common to the Asterolecanine forms. — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 331 There are no trilocular pores. The anal ring appears to be very small and is entirely obscured by the heavily chitinized anal lobes. In the first stage larva the anal ring is extremely small and appears to bear but fotir very minute sete. The terminal seg- ment is not chitinized. There are marginal and two submedian, longitudinal rows of 8-shaped pores. The antenne are five-seg- mented. Fig. 15.—A, posterior end of abdomen of first stage larva of Mycetococcus ehrhorni (Ckll.); B, posterior end of the abdomen of Cerococcus bryoides (Maskell); C, tubular duct of Mycetococcus corticis (Towns. & CkIll.); D, posterior end of the first stage larva of M. corlicis. Mycetococcus corticis (Towns.). Cie ath 15 D):) 1898. Cerococcus corticis Towns. & Ckll., Jn. N.Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 6, p. 170. 1901. Cerococcus corticis Towns. & Ckll.; Patterson, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 3, vol. 2, p. 387, pl. 23, figs. 23-28. As in the case of M. ehrhorni there are certain details that former authors have overlooked. The derm in all stages is entirely destitute of 8-shaped pores. In the adult there are numbers of quite large, tubular ducts of a type quite unlike that usually found in the Asterolecaniine and, in fact, unlike any that I have seen. This peculiarity arises from the fact that the delicate filamentous prolongation of the duct arises some distance before the apex of the larger portion. The anal ring is quite large and cellular. The first stage larva bears a few trilocular pores instead of 8- shaped pores. The anal ring is very large, heavily chitinized and 332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ——— - cellular and: bears six large sete. The terminal segment of the . body is strongly chitinized. The antenne are 6-segmented. Material examined.—Specimens from the type material. Cerococcus ovoides (CkIl.) (Fig. 16.) 1901. Pollinia ovoides Ckll., The Entom., vol. 34, p. 225. 1909. Pollinia ovoides Ckll.; Green, Coccidze Ceylon, pt. 4, The description given by Cockerell needs to be amplified at several points. The adult female is in general form entirely like the other members of the genus to which I am referring the species. Legs entirely lacking. Pores of the 8- shaped type small, confined to a narrow zone extending about the body at the lateral margin. Tubular ducts abundant, small, slender, usually presenting an elbowed appearance. Two pairs of cribri- form plates present, the members of each Fiz. 16 Cerococeus ovoides Pair: close together. @ Analemnes were et) (Ckll.); dorsal aspect of ana’ sete. Anal lobes quite small, their mesal and ecthe 2OUno et es margins but slightly chitinized. Between the lobes is the characteristic ‘‘cauda’’ of the genus. Cockerell states that the antenne of the first stage larva are 6-segmented, but all the specimens examined by me show but 5 segments.. The matter is not especially important as the first stage larva in other species of this genus may show either 5 or 6 segments. The 8-shaped pores of the dorsum are much smaller than those of the marginal series. Specimens examined.—Part of the type material. Notes.—Green has already pointed out (ref. cited) that this species appears to be close to Cerococcus. 1 am unable to find any basis for separating it generically from C. quercus. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 333 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS TEGRODERA. (Order, Coleoptera; Family, Meloida:) BY FRANK E. BLAISDELL, SR., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Recently while studying the Meloidze in the collection of the California Academy of Science, San Francisco, a small series of ten specimens of a form of Tegrodera from Arizona was studied and considered worthy of a name. It is a race of Tegrodera erosa Lec., and its description will give an opportunity to review the genus as a whole. The species and races of Tegrodera have never been brought together in one paper. and the present time seems to be very opportune for so doing. The genus Tegrodera was erected by Le Conte. It is character- ized by having the penultimate joint of the tarsi cylindrical, the lower portion of the claws shorter than the upper and connate; the labrum is emarginate and the body glabrous. The species and races may be separated as follows: Elytral reticulations small and close; transverse fascia broad, sub- equal in width and distinct; meshes more or less pale to SESE Eo Se a ee Bei laticincta. Elytral reticulations coarse and well separated; transverse piceous fascia variable. Transverse fascia obsolete, reduced to a subtriangular marginal blotch; meshes yellow...................... inornata. Transverse fascia narrow, more or less constricted at middle of each elytron, sometimes divided into a marginal and sutural subtriangular blotch; meshes piceous black. Suture pale, sometimes blackish in basal third, meshes SET PS oS ee ee ee ee eee erosa Suture black, meshes decidedly black as a rule, the black . SSMARAANAE SS NAOH LURE ASTOR jn Feo ocho a encanta Fares aloga. Tegrodera erosa Lec.—Head red, pronotum black or varied with red. Elytral reticulations very coarse; colour pale orange yellow with the tips always piceous for a short distance. Legs and under surface of the body black. In the male the oblique frontal grooves and fovea of the vertex are strong; the median frontal fovea is similar in October, 1918 334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST development. The last abdominal segment is slightly emarginate at apex. Length 16.0—-27.0 mm. Typical erosa is very abundant in Southern California (San Diego Co.) and Northern Lower California. It is markedly gregarious in large or small companies. In the author’s boyhood days the insect was known as the “soldier-beetle’’ in Poway Valley (twenty-five miles northeast of San Diego.) This name was given to it on account of the peculiar habit they have, when disturbed, of raising the elytra and wings perpendicularly, showing the bright red of their upper abdomen and walking as high as possible on their legs. The red head, red abdomen and yellow elytra, with the bandy-legged way of marching and falling into single file—one after the other, gave a peculiar soldier-like aspect to their actions. Erosa apparently feeds upon various plants. The author’s mother—Mrs. Anna G. Blaisdell—states that in 1907, when col- lecting a large series on Kent’s Ranch at Poway, a large alfalfa field was inhabited by thousands of this beetle, feeding upon the alfalfa. Mr. L. Kent, owner of the ranch, stated that the tumble- weeds (a species of Amaranthus that grows to an immense size and is blown about by the wind in the fall of the year) are com- pletely defoliated by them. In those individuals of erosa in which the transverse piceous- black fascia of the elytra becomes more or less obsolete, the meshes remain black and do not become pale as in tnornata. Habitat.—California (Poway, San Diego Co., July 5th, elev. 700 ft., Soboba Springs, Riverside Co., June; E. P. Van Duzee, collector). Lower California (Tia Juana). Bibliography.—Annals Lyceum, V, 159; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.; June, 1870, p. 93; Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVIII, Feb., 1891, p. 390. Tegrodera inornata, n. var. (A race of erosa Lec.). Head red, prothorax rufo-piceous to black varied with red. Elytra very coarsely reticulate, middle transverse band entirely wanting, ex- cept a small sub-triangular marginal blotch, meshes always yellow. Dr. Horn mentions a pale form taken by Mr. Gabb in Lower California. During fourteen years residence in Poway Valley, the author never saw a completely pale form of erosa Lec., although i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 335 the transverse piceous band was at times very much reduced and subobsolete, but in these individuals the elytral meshes were always black. Jnornata is described so as to correlate the variants of erosa more exactly. Length 23.0—-27.0 mm. Holotypes are in the collection of the California Academy of - Sciences. Paratypes are in the author’s collection. ne Habitat.—Arizona. Exact locality has not been recorded on the specimens studied. Tegrodera aloga Skinner.—(A race of erosa Lec.) Head red, antenne and collar black. Thorax red or variegated with black. Elytra bright yellow, reticulate; black between the reticulations, with apices black. There is a transverse piceous fascia, constricted in the middle of each elytron. Elytral suture black. Abdomen and legs black. Length 14.0-26.0 mm. _ Habitat.—Near the banks of the Gila River, near Florence, Arizona. Collected on May 4th, 1903, by Mr. C. R. Biederman. Holotypes in the collection of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Dr. Skinner states that his series-of sixteen specimens shows no variations, except in size. It differs from Jaticincta Horn in being more coriaceous, the reticulations being much coarser and showing the background more conspicuously. The transverse elytral fascia in /atécincta is wider and not constricted in the middle of each elytron. It may be distinguished at once from erosa Lec. by the distinct, black suture. Bibliography.—Ent. News, vol. XIV, No. 6, June, 1903, p. 168. Tegrodera laticincta Horn.—Head red, pronotum black or varied with red; antenne black. Elytral reticulations more or less close, with a rather wide and exactly transverse piceous fascia at middle; meshes variable as to colour in the same individual, pale to black, general colour being yellow; piceous area at apex better indicated. Length 19.0-22.0 mm. Habitat.—California (Owens Valley; type region (Horn). Freeman and Bishop, Inyo Co., June, Dr. A. Fenyes collector). Bibluography.—Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XVIII, Feb., 1891, p. 390. 336 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NEW AND LITTLE-KNOWN CANADIAN OSCINIDA:.* BY J. M. ALDRICH, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRICULTURE. In 1915 and 1916 the writer received for study many lots of small flies swept by Mr. Norman Criddle at Aweme and -Trees- bank, Manitoba, on grains and grasses. In a few cases he added material from other points. These accumulations came to repre- sent the Oscinid fauna of the region quite fully, and to contain several undescribed species in some numbers. It is the purpose of the present paper to describe a few of the most abundant species and to clear up some obscurities about several genera and species; it does not by any means exhaust the material which Mr. Criddle furnished with infinite industry, persistence and patience. Type material in all the species will be deposited in the Cana- dian National Collection, and also in the United States National Museum. LAsIOSINA Beck. This genus, described by Becker in 1910 in the first part of his Monographie der Chloropiden (Archivum Zoologicum, 1, 73), has for its type Chlorops cinctipes Meig. (Diplotoxa tnconstans Lw.), and originally included two other European species. Two of the three had been described in Diplotoxa by Loew, the other being new. The genus, therefore, represents a subdivision of Diplotoxa, from which as restricted it differs in having longer thoracic and frontal bristles, and the cross veins less approximated, separated by about twice the length of the hind one. Becker did not see any North American material. ‘The first species to be found on this continent was a single female from Springer, N.M., in the National Museum, which Malloch de- scribed (Proc. U.S. N. M., XLVI, 140, 1913) as Euchlorops similis, placing it in the Milichine. From Euchlorops vittata, the type species of the genus, similis differs in having but one dorsocentral bristle, the former having a row of four. I have examined both types and also the European L. albipila Lw., the last in Professor Melander’s collection. We have a common northern species which has come into my possession only since I saw the type of similis; October, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 337 et SE a ee I am indebted to Mr. Chas. T. Greene for making comparisons with the latter, from which I conclude that it is a distinct species. Lasiosina canadensis, n.sp. (Figs. 17, 18, 19). Front more than half the head-width, flat, somewhat project- ing over antenne, pale yellow in colour, with the following pairs of bristles, large for the family: 3 and sometimes 4 fronto-orbitals; 1 divergent ocellar; 1 convergent post-vertical or post-ocellar; 1 inner vertical, strongly convergent, just outside the hind angle of triangle; 1 outer vertical, strongly divergent, on a slight swelling farther back than preceding; there are also 40 pe eine sasedenss: or 50 small black-hairs, mostly.on the _ anterior half of front, of which one or two pairs near the bade line may be a little larger. Triangle distinct, of moderate size, its sides convex, the apex drawn out in a slender point which almost reaches the extreme anterior edge of the front; ocellar dot black, connecting with black of occiput, rest of triangle dark yellow to brown, subshining, often with darker margin. Face and bucca light yellow, the latter over half the eye-height; eye strikingly elon- gated lengthwise of the head; antenne of moderate size, yellow, in the female the third joint wholly infuscated, in the male it is largely or wholly yellow, the in- fuscation usually confined to a spot at base of arista; the latter black, bare, Palpi yellow in male, distinctly brown in female. A pair of small, pale vibrissal hairs. Back of head yellow except cen- trally and directly behind the posterior curve of eye. Thorax opaque yellow to reddish, the notum with three broad opaque black stripes, the middle one narrowed or abbreviated be- hind, lateral ones distinctly shortened in front, not connected with the dark of humeri; scutellum yellow, its sides blackish; post- notum dull black; pleurze with a shining black spot on lower edge as Ky Fig. 18—Same from above. ~ 338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of mesopleura and a larger on the sternopleura, the latter, how- ever, opaque below; an opaque black spot on pteropleura and one above hind coxa. Halteres white. The bristles of the thorax are as follows: humeral 2-3; notopleural 3; postalar 1; posterior dorsocentral 1; scutellum 2 pairs, the outer small. Abdomen rather uniform subshining brown above, the last segment more or less yellow; the hairs are pale except along the sides apically and on last segment, the male showing more dark then the female; male hypopygium black, shining. Legs dark yellow including tarsi, but there is some tendency to a dark ring on hind tibiz and to a vague darkening of the front tarsi and the basal half of hind femora. Wing subhyaline, vena- tion as in Chlorops; the dis- tance between cross veins is from 11% to 2 times the hind one. Length 2—2.6 mm. Eleven males and twenty-two females. The male is from Ogema, Sask., June 16, 1916;.. Paratypes are from Ogema (6) and Estevan (2), Sask.; Treesbank and Aweme, Man., (18); Sheridan, Wyo., (1, Metz); Pullman, Wash., (1, Melander); Bovill, Ida., (1, Melander); Powell Co., Mont., (1, Mann); and Saranac Lake, N.Y., (1, Johannsen). The type of similis Mall. is in general very similar, but although a female it has the antenne and palpi coloured as in the male of canadensis, and ‘‘tibie darkened from near base, becoming black. at apices; tarsi black.”’ The European cinctipes, type of the genus, has the same sexual distinctions in the colour of antennz and palpi as in canadensis, or essentially the same. Fig. 19.—Same species, wing. DicrAEus Loew. This genus was established in Berl. Ent. Zeitsch. in 1873 (XVII, 51) for the single species obscurus; Becker (Mon. Chlor. I, 111, 1910) regards this as synonymous with raptus, Haliday THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 339 (Ann. Nat. Hist., XXII, 187, 1838, as Oscinis). Thus the type species becomes Dicreus raptus Hal. Loew gives as generic characters that the costa ends before reaching the fourth vein, the hind cross vein is absent, and the second vein is straight, un- usually long, and parallel with the third. He placed it in Chloro- pine on the costal character. Becker (op. cit., 109) finds five species of the genus in Europe, of which only one lacks the hind cross vein, while three have the costa fully reaching the fourth vein. Thus he makes absence of the cross vein only specific (Strobl, in Tief’s Nachlass, 64, 1901, had argued that it is merely varietal); and what is more surprising, he reduces to specific value in this little group the costal character also, which elsewhere in the family is decidedly of subfamily importance, and has been so considered by Becker himself (the first dipterist to make use of the character was Fallén, Oscinides, 1820, p.3; he separates two groups of his genus Oscinis by it). In Becker’s use of Dicreus, the chief generic character is the unusually long second vein; he places the genus, I think correctly, in Oscininz close to Oscinis. In his treatment of the nearctic Oscinids (Mon., IV, 103, 1912), Becker mentions the European Dicreus ingratus Loew (Zeitsch. f. Ent. Breslau, XX, 26, 1866, as Eutropha) as occurring in Idaho and Washington, but says the specimens have a little shorter second vein than the European. However, on examining my two Idaho specimens returned by him, I find that they have the costa evidently reaching the fourth vein, so they would not go to ingratus in Becker's own table of the European species. The same is true of all but one of about 70 specimens that I have since accumulated. The character is possibly not of specific value, though so taken by Becker. I have not seen European material, and the case is not free from doubt; but in view of the discrepancies and the geo-. graphical separation I believe myself justified in describing ours. as a distinct species. The figure of the wing shows the course of thesecond vein, which is the main generic character; the rest is included in the description. Dicrzeus incongruus, n.sp. (Fig. 20). Shining or subshining black robust species. Frontal triangle subshining, not very distinctly bounded, ending acutely at about 340 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the second third of the front; anterior third or more of front broadly yellow; antenne dark yellow, third joint small, round, with darker upper edge or more; arista short, bare; face, epistoma and bucca yellow, the last with narrow shining black lower edge, the dark line continuing up nearly to the antenna, between the parafacial. and central part of face; bucca from one-fourth to one-third the eye- ’ height; palpi brown; edge of mouth black; proboscis small, blackish; eyes round, bare; back of head black. Front with four or five minute orbitals; ocellars minute, erect, convergent. Mesonotum shining black, yet with very thin, delicate pruinosity, the abundant minute hairs not arranged in rows, and no noticeable punctures. Cheto- taxy: ‘dc. 1am aiesceie ss. postal. 2, sc. 2 pairs nearly equal, erect. Pleure shining black except upper hind part of mesopleura and the region behind and just below the wing. MHalteres lemon yellow with brown stem. Scutellum concolorous with mesonotum. Abdomen black, not very shining, with only a few hairs, which are black; the male has a polished, knob-like black genital segment, from which project forward a ‘pair of long, stout, nearly straight black forceps, reaching almost to the hind coxe, very characteristic. Coxe, trochanters, and femora black, the knees narrowly yellow; hind tibiz black to tip, a little widened, not with “‘sense organ;”’ fore and mid tibiz yellow to brownish, tarsi wholly yellow. Wings distinctly milky, veins black, the fifth paler, especially its last segment; the first vein is merely a light streak in the wing, invisible except in favourable light, at its apex the costa is broken more distinctly and widely than in any other Oscinid that I know. As this wide break is shown in Becker’s figure of the type species, it is probably of generic importance. Venation as figured. In order to determine the trustworthiness of the costal character, I measured with eye-piece micrometer the distance between the tips of the first and second veins, and between the second and third, Fig. 20.—Dicraeus incongruus, wing of female. a aa A a ge ———ae SU teed len ar ‘<.:. : ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 341 dividing the former by the latter. This I did with five specimens of each sex: the males gave 2.63; 2.70; 2.75; 2.81; and 2.20,— average 2.62;—while the females gave 2.75; 3.50; 3.50; 3.00; and 4.00,—average 3.35. Length 1.5 to 1.7 mm. Seventy-five specimens, both sexes: 68 from Treesbank, Man., (Criddle); 2 Moscow, Idaho, determined by Becker as Dicreus ingratus; 1 Potlatch, Idaho; 1 Emigration Canyon, Utah, back of Salt Lake City, about 7,000 feet; 3 Powderville, Mont., (R. R. Parker). The Potlatch specimen is dated June 20, the rest all in July. ELACHIPTERA PLANICOLLIS, Beck. Becker, Mon. Chlorop., IV, 114, 1912 (Oscinella).—Collins, Ida. (By mistake Collins, Texas). The type is in Professor Melander’s collection, and until I saw it in 1916 I failed to identify the species, having it in my col- lection as Elachiptera n. sp. It is in reality very closely allied to the abundant Elachiptera longula, having the same _ elongated shape, diagonal eye, flattened thorax and scutellum; but differing in having the arista not thickened and all the femora black. The colour as.in longula is opaque, but inclines more to plumbeous. As far as the aristal character is concerned, there is a little varia- tion in the thickening in both species, so I have specimens running together in this respect. Becker placed Jongula in Melanocheta, in which he also placed aliena, a species having a plain arista like. that of plamicollis; but at the same time he admitted that there was no natural line of division between Elachiptera and Me- lanocheta, either in the European or North American fauna. My specimens of planicollis are the following: 26 from Trees- bank and Aweme, Manitoba, collected by Mr. Criddle from June to September; 4 from Chatcolet, Idaho, August 15, collected by Professor Melander; and 1 from Waubamic, Ont., near Parry Sound, collected by H. A. Parish. Oscinis criddlei, n.sp. (Fig. 21.) A black species with the fore and middle tibiz and all the tarsi wholly yellow, and the third antennal joint subangulated above at apex. 342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ‘ Eyes hairy; frontal triangle shining black, short, ending in an acute angle about the middle of the front; rest of front opaque, blackish, the lower part sometimes indistinctly paler; antenne black, third joint reddish on inner side, rather large and of very characteristic shape, almost angulated above apically; arista bare; epistoma and bucca varying from dark yellow to brown, the lat- ter about one-fourth the eye-height; palpi black; proboscis small, short, dark; occiput black. Thorax and scutellum above sub- pollinose, gray, the black ground colour very evident, shining through; the pollen of dorsum extends down over the hind part of the mesopleura, and also behind the wing to the halter, which is yellow; rest of pleura shining black; scutellum with a pair of good-sized bristles at apex, and a much smaller pair outside and higher. The mesonotum has short, stout, brown hairs, rather scattered; in strong light they look pale. Abdomen black above, generally more brownish basally, with scattered pale hairs. Coxe, _ femora and middle of hind tibiz black; trochan- g ters, tips of femora, front and middle tibia, all but Fig.21.—Oscinis middle of hind tibia, and all tarsi to their tips, criddlei, antenna, A 5 rs inner side. yellow; claws black. Wings hyaline, veins rather pale, venation ordinary; tip of second vein at 3/5 the distance from the first to the third. Length 1% mm. Fifty-eight specimens, both sexes, all taken in July and August at Treesbank and Aweme, Manitoba, by Norman Criddle, in whose honour I name the species in appreciation of his active and continued assistance in my work on flies of this family. Oscinis scabra, n. sp. . An opaque gray, short, broad species allied to trigramma, but not vittate. Front almost one-half the head-width, square, the short, opaque triangle blending with the rest, lower half of front yellow, slightly prominent above antenne, the whole surface punctured except close about ocelli, the setae very short, hardly visible; antenne yellow, third joint orbicular, infuscated on apical half, arista short, bare; palpi yellow, proboscis small, retracted; bucca yellow, one-third the eye-height; back of head opaque gray. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 343 Thorax short and broad, square, flat, densely gray pollinose on black ground, with distinct, close punctures which are not arranged in rows and bear only minute hairs, giving the meso- notum a bare appearance; the lateral sete very short but stout; scutellum a little elongated, flat, punctured and concolorous with dorsum, with only one pair of apical sete of noticeable size; pleurz black, gray-pollinose except in the depressions above the front and hind coxe; postnotum shining black; halteres yellow. Abdomen subshining black above, indistinctly paler basally, opaque black below. Legs including coxe opaque black, the knees vaguely, the tibiz except a broad, median ring on middle and hind ones, and all the tarsi yellow. Wings subhyaline, veins blackish, the costal segment before the tip of second vein less than double the one beyond it. Length 1.3 to 1.5 mm. Thirteen specimens, both sexes: ten from Treesbank, Manitoba, May 6, 1916, including the type, a female; two Aweme, Manitoba, Sept. 12 and Oct. 13, 1916; one Estevan, Saskatchewan, May 20, 1916. All collected by Norman Criddle. NEW HALICTINE BEES FROM CHILE. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. The Chilean bee-fauna is one of the most remarkable in the world, many of the species having a facies quite distinct from those of other parts of South America. Many species were long ago described by Spinola; others have been made known at intervals since, but there can be no doubt that very many remain to be discovered. Agapostemon (Pseudagapostemon) xanthorhinus, sp. n. #@.—Length about 7.5 mm.; anterior wing 5.5; bluish-green; clypeus (except two dots and narrow lateral margins), labrum and mandibles (except black basal spot and ferruginous apex) yellow; a yellow stripe across tubercles; legs bright yellow, with the coxe, trochanters, anterior femora basally, middle and hind femora ’ October, 1918 344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST largely behind (but not apically), piceous; clypeus produced, but ordinary; sides of face with dense, appressed, very pale yellowish hair; front dull and granular; antenne long, the scape and two _ following joints yellow, the others pale ferruginous, the flagellum more or less dusky above, especially at base; fourth antennal joint about as long as second and third together; mesothorax and scutel- lum densely punctured but shining, with thin, rather long, pale © hair; basal area of metathorax covered with coarse, vermiform ruge; tegule pale, with a yellow spot; wings hyaline, stigma pale ferruginous, nervures testaceous; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell beyond the middle; hind legs not modi- fied; abdomen closely punctured but shining, with thin hair, but no bands; apical segment pale reddish, emarginate; venter mainly yellow, hind margin of fourth segment broadly W-like, the margins of the notch ferruginous. Chile (E. C. Reed), U. S. Nat. Museum. Closely related to A. citricarnis (Halictus citricarnis Vachal), but that species dif- fers by the somewhat greater size, the presence of yellow depressed hair on abdomen, the granular area of metathorax, the yellow antenne, and the slightly emarginate fourth ventral segment. Also related to A. paulisia (Pseudagapostemon paulista Schrott.), but differs in being smaller, with yellow mandibles. It has the clypeus yellow with two dots, asin A. paulista, not as in A. nasua (Pseudagapostemon nasua Schrott.). It does not seem advisable to regard Pseudagapostemon as more than a subgenus. Rhopalictus corinogaster chiloeensis, subsp. n. Q.—Wings dusky, nervures pale fuscous; tegule black, anteriorly margined with testaceous; legs and antenne darker; abdomen darker red, first segment black except the broad, apical margin. Island of Chilée, Dec., 1894. Collector unknown. Type in my collection. ; Rhopalictus callicladurus, sp. n. o'.—Length about or nearly 9 mm.; head and thorax raétallic green, with abundant white pihescenes labrum, mandibles and apex of clypeus pale. testaceous; eyes deeply emarginate and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 345 strongly converging below; antennz very long, the rather swollen scape black; the flagellum ferruginous, dusky above, strongly crenulate; front, sides of thorax and metathorax blue-green, but _ face, mesothorax and scutellum yellowish green; mesothorax finely punctured but moderately shining; area of metathorax with radiat- ing plice, more or less connected by cross-ridges; tegule pale testaceous; wings ample, hyaline, stigma and nervures sepia; first recurrent nervure joining second submarginal cell very near end; tibiz and tarsi, and much of apical part of femora, bright ferru- ginous, but femora otherwise green; abdomen clavate, long and slender, first segment swollen dorsally; first segment practically black above, second and third very bright ferruginous, fourth and fifth deep metallic green with hind margin red, apex red. Chile (E. C. Reed), U.S. Nat. Museum. Easily known by the peculiarly coloured abdomen, but nearest to R. corinogaster (Spinola). Rhopalictus melanocladus, sp. n. o&.—Length about 8.5 mm.; head and thorax black, with white hair, the entirely dull and granular front, vertex, meso- thorax and scutellum with a faint greenish tint; clypeus and labrum black, mandibles dark reddish beyond middle; eyes deeply marginate and strongly converging below; antenne extremely long, black, the flagellum dark coffee-colour below, and strongly crenulate; area of metathorax strongly reticulate; tegule dark rufo-fuscous; wings brownish-hyaline, stigma and nervures dusky- ferruginous; second submarginal cell not very broad, receiving first recurrent nervure a short distance from its end; legs black, with the long tarsi; pale ferruginous; abdomen elongate, clavate, first segment swollen dorsally, but its apical part in a straight line with second (which is not true of R. callicladurus); abdomen’ black, with a very faint greenish tint, hind margins of segments obscurely reddish; apex pale ferruginous. Chile (Z. C. Reed), U. S. National Museum. Related to R. chilensis (Spin.), the type of the genus, but readily distinguished by the dark abdomen and the shape of the second submarginal cell. 346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST AFRICAN BUPRESTID4 (COL.) OF THE GENUS STERNOCERA. BY RICHARD T. GARNETT, BERKELEY, CAL. The following table will separate the various forms of Sterno- cera interrupta Olivier: I. Impressions of elytra present. A. Fovez of thorax and elytra with white pilosity. B. Beneath dull bronze, above black; elytra black or dull castaneous, lighter punctured.............. S. interrupta Olivier. ' BB. Entirely dull bronze; elytra PUBOSEI EES hee ee var. reticulata Kerremans. AA. Fovee of thorax and elytra golden. B. Entirely bronze; base of abdominal segments metallic purple: os Ses an ee var. klugz J. Thomson. BB. Below golden green; elytra CAStATEOUS .)s.....4 00a ee var. mephisto J. Thomson. AAA. -Fovea of elytra rediit.. cha var. vandyket, subsp. nov. II. Impressions of elytra absent............ var. immaculata Kerremans. S. interrupta Olivier. Thorax entirely covered with irregular pits, smaller towards the middle and filled with white pubescence; beneath sombre bronze, above black, elytra black or sombre ‘castaneous, more smoothly punctured. Elytra with 2 vittae at base on each side filled with white pilosity, the inner one small and short, the outer cne long and broader and another on the elytral fold beneath the humeral umbone; posterior half of elytra with long vitta on each side filled with whitish pilosity, this vitta often broken up. Beneath rugose, entirely covered with the same white pubescence, except the median line where the pubescence is scanty or lacking altogether. Length: 27-42 mm. Width: 10-15 mm. Habitat: Damaraland; Senegal; Zambesi; Dakar. Var. reticulata Kerremans. Entirely sombre bronze, metal- lic, with the elytra very strongly reticulate. Length: 26-35 mm. Width: 10—-13.5 mm. Habitat: Senegal; Guinee. Var. klugi Thompson. Fovea of thorax and elytra golden; entirely bronze; base of abdominal segments metallic purple. Length: 34mm. Width: 13 mm. Habitat: White Nile; Senegal. October, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 347 Var. mephisto Thomson. Fovea of thorax and elytra golden; Beneath golden green, shining; elytra castaneous. Habitat: White Nile; Senegal; Benue; Niger. Var. vandykei subsp. nov. The form, size, and punctuation are as in S. interrupta Olivier but the colouring is radically different from that of other varieties. Head and thorax the same as infer- rupta. Differs by having all the elytral impressions filled with red pilosity including the one below the humeral umbone; also by having a row of semi-triangular red spots on each side of the ab- dominal segments, those on the fourth and fifth segments largest, that on fifth running from top to bottom and from margin inwards from each side for 1/3 the width of the segment; segment 4 also has 2 extremely small more rounded spots in centre, not spaced evenly; the pilosity being otherwise normal and white. This variety is remarkable in that both red and white pilosity is present and the hairs of each colour are equally dense on the ventral surface of the abdomen. Length: 36mm. Width: 14144 mm. Habitat: Bafulabe (Senegal). Onespecimen. Type in my collection. Taken by W. F. Blakeslee. The specimen was sent to me loose and as aresult it has lost 2 3/5 tarsiand 1 joint of an antenna. I take great pleasure in naming this after my friend and former teacher, Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke of Berkeley, California. Var. immaculata Kerremans. Impressions of elytra absent. Stevensii and its one good variety may be separated as follows: A. Thorax black; elytra castaneous..........S. stevensit Waterhouse. AA. Thorax brassy; elytra very dark brown, with blue reflec- LE Le ee var. waterhousei, subsp. nov. S. stevensii Waterhouse. For description of this and its variety I will quote Mr. Waterhouse in toto. ‘‘Resembles and is closely allied with S. interrupia, but it differs in the sculpture and ornamentation of the abdomen. Head and thorax black, with - numerous moderately strong punctures and a median impressed line, all filled with whitish pubescence, as in interrupta. Each elytron with a small dirty white spot near the scutellum, an elongate spot in the middle of the base, a longer one below the shoulder, and a line behind the middle (near the side). Body beneath dark aeneous. Abdomen marked with punctures, each puncture bearing an obscurely brassy hair. These punctures are placed in 348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST groups of 2 or 3 or in undulating lines at the sides of the segments. On the 8rd and 4th segments these punctures are crowded together so as to form an undulating band, leaving a smooth shining spot on each side at the base, and a wide, triangular, sparingly punctured area in the middle. Punctures in the apical segment crowded to- gether so as to form triangular patches on each side, leaving the middle space sparingly punctured.” Length: 35 mm. Width: 13 mm. Habitat: West Africa; N. Nigeria. Var. waterhousei subsp. nov. ‘Thorax brassy. Elytra very dark brown, with blue reflections.’”” Habitat: Damaraland. Mr. C. O. Waterhouse in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. No. 82, p. 248 gave this variety without a name, and I have taken the liberty of affixing one to it, the characters given seeming sufficient to warrant it. A GROUP OF AMERICAN HALICTINE BEES SIMULAT- {NG THE OLD-WORLD GENUS NOMIOIDES. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. The gaily-marked little Halictine bees of the genus Nomioides are widely distributed over the Old World, even extending to Australia (N. perditellus Ckll.). They are extraordinarily like our American species of Perdita, but structurally are so distinct that we can hardly suppose that there is any particular affinity. More recently, however, there has been found in South America a group of Nomuoides-like insects which might almost be referred to the Old World genus, did they not possess a sharply pointed marginal cell as in Halictus. This affords another instance of similarity between neotropical and Old World insects, which may be due to common descent or to ‘Sconvergent evolution,’ or to both. The group referred to, with ten described species, has been found in the Andean region, but it now appears that it extends northward to Panama. The following new species has been col- lected by Mr. Busck. Halictus xanthinus, n. sp. 9? .—Length 5 mm. or a little over; head and thorax brilliant emerald green; mandibles pale yellow; clypeus ferruginous in middle and dusky reddish apically, but above and at sides green; October, 1918 = ; | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 349 sides of face shining; inner orbits concave but not abruptly emar- ginate; scape long, black; flagellum dark above and ferruginous beneath; mesothorax dull and granular, with fine, very short, pale pruinose pubescence; tubercles yellow; tegule light fulvous; wings hyaline, nervures fuscous, outer nervures not weakened; first recurrent nervure joining extreme apex of second submarginal cell; area of metathorax large, microscopically reticulate, not plicate; legs pale yellowish or fulvous, the middle and hind tibie ’ and tarsi fuscous, the middle tibiz pale in front; hind spur with three very long spines; abdomen broad, smooth and _ shining, reddish fuscous and fulvous marked with lemon yellow; first seg- ment broadly yellow basally and at sides except apically, where it is dark brown, but otherwise the segment is pale fulvous; second and third segments with a broad, yellow basal band, widest sub- laterally, the segments otherwise fulvous in-middle and dark brown laterally; fourth and fifth segments reddish-fuscous, with basal yellow bands; venter pale yellow, with the last three seg- ments fuscous. Porto Bello, Panama, March 13, 1911. (Aug. Busck), U.S. - Nat. Museum. Nearest to the Brazilian H. callichroma (Ckll.), but with entire yellow bands on abdomen. The structure of the meta- thoracic enclosure is quite the same, with fine reticulations, the lines mostly transverse. Of the other species of the group, I possess H. ephelix Vach., from Marcapata, Peru; H. phacodes Vach., from Mapiri, Bolivia; and a cotype of H. maculiventris (Crawford), described under Awgochlora. Crawford’s species seems doubtfully distinct from H. trinax Vach., but I have no authentic material of the latter. Crawford and _ I,- describing species of this group, have referred them to Awgochlora. Vachal referred all the species to Halictus, but he included Awugochlora in Halictus. Schrottky in 1910 placed the species in his genus - Nescorynura. They are certainly not genuine Awgochlora, nor do they agree well with typical Nescorynura or Halictus. They may be considered a distinct subgenus of Halictus, or even a separate genus. I do not propose a name, because it is possible that Cteno- carynura Schrottky (Deutsch. Ent. Zeit., 1914) is applicable. I have not been able to procure Schrottky’s description, and there is no reference to the genus in the Zoological Record. 350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. Under this heading we propose to present notices from time to time of entomological publications by writers residing in Canada, or such as appear in Canadian periodicals, whether by Canadians or not. Exceptions will be made in the case of papers published in the Annual Reports of the Entomological Society of Ontario and the present journal. Short articles or those of a popular character will, as a rule, be merely listed. Authors will greatly assist the Editor by sending him copies of their publications for notice in this section. The following papers were all published during the present year: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF NOVA ScoTIA FoR 1917. No. 3. Truro, January, 1918. Pp. 1-96. This excellent report gives ample evidence of the vigorous condition of the youngest branch of our Society, and is a most creditable production. It contains no less than sixteen papers by ten contributors, dealing with a variety of subjects, both economic and faunistic, and these are illustrated by 15 plates, most of them half-tones of fine quality. The following papers are mainly of economic interest: Work of the Dominion Entomological Laboratory in Nova Scotia. By G.E.Sanders. An outline of the results of experiments testing the effects of different combinations of insecticides and fungicides in apple spraying. Notes on the Yellow Leaf Hopper of the Birch (Oncopsis sobrius Walk.). By W. H. Brittain.. The life-history is given in detail and is illustrated by two plates, showing all the stages, and the hymenopterous parasite, Polynema striaticorne Gir. Miscellaneous Notes on the Apple Maggot. By. W. H. Brittain. The Zebra Caterpillar. By.H. G. Payne. The Fall Cankerworm. By H. G. Payne. The Rusty Tussock Moth. By H. G. Payne. The White-marked Tussock Moth. By H. G. Payne. Detailed life-histories of these four species are given, based on original data. They are illustrated by 5 excellent photographic plates. October, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 351 Empoasca unicolor as an Apple Pest. By W.H. Brittain and L. G. Saunders. Discusses the injuries caused by this insect, its life-history and methods of control. One plate. Introduction of the Parasites of the Brown Tail and Gipsy Moths into Canada. By L.S. McLaine. A concise account of the methods employed in collecting and rearing the three important natural enemies of the Brown Tail and Gipsy Moths, viz., A panteles lacteicolor, Compsilura concinnata and Calosoma syeophanta, and their introduction and liberation into the infested parts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia The Dropping of Apples Caused by Spraying with Lime-Sulphur. By G. E. Sanders and A. Kelsall. A valuable paper, discussing the available data on this problem, including original investiga- tions on the factors which influence lime-sulphur injury in Nova Scotia. | Notes on the Biology of Lygus pratensis in Nova Scotia. By W. H. Brittain and L. G. Saunders. Discusses the life-history of this injurious insect, its food habits at different periods of the life cycle, oviposition, injuries, etc. The papers dealing with general and faunistic subjects are as follows: The Tree Hoppers of Nova Scotia. By W.H. Brittain. This paper and the following one are part of a useful series of articles on the insects of Nova Scotia, designed to make their identifica- tion easier for the general student. Keys to the genera and species are given and descriptive notes on the latter. The life-history of Publilia concava, not previously known, is given in detail. Twelve ‘species are listed and are illustrated in 5 plates. The Locustide of Nova Scotia. By C. B. Gooderham. Con- tains keys to the subfamilies, genera and species. Six species are recorded, all of which are described and five of them illustrated in . detail. Some Reasons for Studying Pupe. By Edna Mosher. A suggestive paper, showing the need of more careful study of pupz from various points of view, economic, taxonomic and morpho- logical. Some Notes on the Crambine of Nova Scotia. By E. Chesley Allen. An annotated list of 21 species of these moths. 352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Spiders Collected in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick by Robt. Matheson in 1912. By J. H. Emerton. Seventy-two species are listed. : PUBLICATIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH, DOMINION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. In the effort towards increasing food production the Entomo- logical Branch is doing valuable national service. In connection with this work a series of circulars or ‘‘Crop Protection Leaflets”’ were issued and distributed during the early part of the year to be of timely value to growers during the present season. These leaf- lets dealt with the most approved methods of controlling the more serious insect pests, and are all appropriately illustrated. Those published during 1918 are as follows: No. 3. Cutworms and Their Control. By Arthur Gibson. “4. Root Maggots and Their Control. By Arthur Gibson. “5. Prevent White Grub Injury. By Arthur Gibson. ‘6. How to Control Locusts or Grasshoppers. By Arthur Gibson. No. Rats and Mice. By C. Gordon Hewitt. i ‘8. Aphids or Plant Lice. By Wm. A. Ross. “9. The Pea Weevil. By Arthur Gibson. 10. Arsenate of Lime. By George E. Sanders. ae The following articles by members of the staff of the Entomo- logical Branch have appeared in the pages of the Agricultural Gazette, vol. 5, 1918. The Black Cherry Aphis. By Wm. A. Ross (No. 1, pp. 13-16). Describes the history, habits and depredations, and the life-history of this pest. Hlustrated from four photographs. Some Results of Scientific Research on Insect Pests in Canada. By C. Gordon Hewitt,-D. Sc.. ‘(Nos 2, pps 128=132). sae priet exposition of the value of entomological research to agriculture and forestry as illustrated by some of the more striking results of the work of the Dominion Department of Agriculture. The Alfalfa Looper, Autographa californica Speyer. By Arthur Gibson. (No. 2, pp. 132-136). This insect, which is widely dis- tributed in Western North America, has been known as a pest in Canada only since 1914, when an outbreak occurred in British THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 353 Columbia. The habits, life-history, crops attacked, — natural enemies and methods of control are described. The Predacious Mite, Hemisarcoptes Malus Shiner and 1ts Relation to the Natural Control of the Ovster-shell Scale. By John D. Tothill. (No. 3, pp. 234-239, 3 figs.). This mite, which feeds on the eggs and sometimes the later stages of the oyster-shell scale is believed to be the most important single factor in the natural control of the scale in Eastern Canada. It has not been found in British Columbia. Some Ladybird Beetles Destructive to Plant Lice. By Wm. A. Ross. (No. 4, pp. 344-347, 2 figs.). This paper contains brief descriptions and notes on the habits of the eight species of lady- bird beetles which are most important in the natural control of aphids on the Niagara Peninsula. Experiments were made to de- termine the egg-producing capacity of each species, the duration of the various stages and the feeding capacity of the adults as measured by the number of aphids consumed in a given time. The Habits and Control of White Grubs in Manitoba. By Norman Criddle. (No. 5, pp. 449-454). Mr. Criddle has made a careful study of the four species of Lachnosterna found in Manitoba (L. anxia, nitida, draket and rugosa). He describes the general life-history of these beetles and the peculiarities of the habits and habitat of each species. He recommends ploughing between May 14 and July 1 at an average depth of 5 inches, this being a time -when none of the stages are below plough Jine and when the largest number of all stages will be turned up, the majorlty being then usually picked up by birds. _ He also discusses thoroughly the natural control of these insects and the crops most suitable for sowing on infested lands. Some Blood-sucking Flies of Saskatchewan. By A. E. Cameron. (No. 6, pp. 556-561, 6 figs). An interesting general account of . the more troublesome mosquitoes, black flies and horse flies of the Saskatoon district. ~The Control of Insects in Ships by Steam. By R. C. Treherne. (No. 7, pp. 668-669). . Describes an instance where a vessel in- - fested with the rice weevil (Calandra oryse) was freed from in- festation by subjecting the hold to a high pressure of steam, after failure by an all-night fumigation with sulphur. 354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Some Notes on the Natural Control of the Cherry-tree Ugly Nest Tortricid, Archips cerasivorana Fitch. By A. B. Baird. (No. 8, pp. 766-771). The action of the various parasites and other controlling factors is considered for each of the principal periods in the life- history, and their effectiveness is calculated on a percentage basis. Other publications by the staff of the Entomological Branch are the following: The White-marked. Tussock Moth and its Control on Shade Trees and Orchard Trees. By J. M. Swaine and G. E. Sanders. Circular No. 11, March 7, 1918, 12 pp., 2 plates. This paper is divided into two parts. The first, entitled “‘The White-Marked Tussock Moth (Hemerocampa leucostigma S.& A.)” (pp. 1-11), by Mr. Swaine, gives descriptions of the various stages, the life- history, habits, kinds of trees attacked and the natural and arti- ficial means of control. The second part, ‘‘The White-marked Tussock Moth as an Orchard Pest,” (pp. 11, 12), by Mr. Sanders, describes the injuries done to fruit, and the spraying methods recommended for its control in orchards. The Pear Thrips (Teniothrips inconsequens Uzel) and its Con- trol in British Columbia. By A. E. Cameron and R. C. Treherne Bull. No. 15, Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture. May 8, 1918, 51 pp., 22 figs. In this bulletin are set forth the results of a most careful and detailed investigation, extending over two years, of an insect, which has for many years been causing very serious injury to orchards on Vancouver Island, though known only since 1915 as the cause of this damage. The chief injury consists in a “blighting’’ of the blossom buds in early spring, due to the entrance of the hibernated adults which feed upon the young delicate tissues within, and also to the later attacks of the larva, which hatch from eggs deposited in the petioles and midribs of the leaves, and the calyces and stems of the young fruit. The larve attack not only the blossoms and leaves but also the young fruit, causing a ‘‘russetting” of the skin . known as ‘‘thrips scab.’’ When mature the larve fall to the ground and, penetrating the soil, pass through the remaining stages, the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 355 prepupal and pupal periods under ground, changing to adults late in the autumn and emerging early the following spring. Although most destructive to pears, plums and prunes, the pear thrips readily attacks other fruit trees such as apples and cherries, besides many other trees and shrubs, the broad-leaved maple being one of the worst sufferers of all. It is not a native insect and is as yet unknown ig Canada outside of Vancouver Island, though it has been reported from several localities in both Eastern and Western United States as well as from Europe. The question of controlling this pest is thoroughly considered, and the authors state confidently that it can be readily held in check. Spraying is the only satisfactory method and may be ap- plied twice or three times, according to the severity of the infesta- tion, two sprayings in either case being made before blossoming, as treatment against the adults is more important than that directed against the larve. Miscible oil No. 2 in combination with nicotine sulphate gave best results for the first spray, while whale oil soap also with nicotine sulphate is most suitable and “economical for the second and third sprays. The bulletin is admirably illustrated with photographs and drawings by Dr. Cameron. _ Life-history of the Leaf-eating Crane-fly, Cylindrotoma splen- dens Doane. By Alfred E. Cameron, M.A., D. Sc., F.E.S., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., XI, No. 1, 1918, pp. 67-87, 18 figs. This is an important contribution to the biology of crane- flies, as the species described is a member of a particularly interest- ing and isolated tribe of Tipulidae, the Cylindrotomini, the known larve of which live exposed upon the leaves of various terrestrial and aquatic plants, instead of living in the mud of streams or in rotten wood as is the case with most of the family. The discovery by Dr. Cameron of the larve of this species feeding on the leaves of the false bugbane (T7vautvetteria grandis) on Vancouver Island is the first finding of the immature stages of Cylindrotoma in America, the only other nearctic species of the tribe; whose larva is known, being Liogma nodicornis. The other four species with known larve are all palearctic and belong to as many genera, one of which is also a Cylindrotoma. 356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The writer succeeded in obtaining eggs from reared parents which mated in the rearing cages, and from -these larvae were obtained and successfully brought to maturity. More than 100 adults in all were reared. In addition to careful observations on the behaviour in copu- lation, mechanism of oviposition, duration of immature stages, larval habits, etc., detailed descriptions are given of the larva and pupa, containing valuable information on the minute struc- tures of the larval mouth capsule and other structural features. The figures illustrating these features are the work of the author and are admirable. (To be continued.) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. The 55th Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, Ontario, on Wednesday and Thursday, November 6th and 7th, 1918. Members intending to present papers are requested to send in to the Secretary the titles (stating length of time required for reading and whether a lantern is desired) as soon as possible, in order that the programmes may be issued a week or more before the meeting. It is requested that papers do not exceed a twenty- minute time limit. Accommodation for visitors can be secured in the men’s residence at the College. Those intending to be present should send in their names to the Secretary on or before November Ist. The Plant Pathologists of Canada have arranged to hold their Convention at the same place on Friday and Saturday, November 8th and 9th, immediately following the Entomological Society meeting. L. CAESAR, PRESIDENT, A. W. BAKER, SECRETARY, O. A. College, O. A. College, Guelph, Ont. Guelph, Ont. October, 1918 Mailed October 10th, 1918 Che Hanadian Fatomologist Vor. -L: LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1918 No. 11 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. Insect TROPISMS.* BY PROFESSOR A. WILLEY, MCGILL UNIVERSITY, MONTREAL. The behaviour of insects, like that of. other animals, is the result of the interaction between the organism and the medium or environment in which it lives. When properly understood it has the value but not always the precision of-a chemical reaction, being the summation of a long series of physico-chemical changes. The fundamental relation between organism and medium is determined by the necessity of the former to extract its nutriment from the latter. The medium not only furnishes food for the organism but also for its enemies and, in addition, it is the source of catastrophic danger. In order to procure its food the insect has to circumvent the enemies which persecute it and evade the dangers which threaten it. There are thousands of ways of avoiding or minimizing risk and thousands of species to adopt one or other of these ways. They all come under the head of avoiding reactions,’ whether they operate as visible movements or attitudes, or as structural features; in the former case they may be called ‘‘global’’ reactions, in the latter they are cell or tissue reactions, i.e., reactions of the idioplasm resulting in adaptive growth. After the emergence from the egg the life-history of the holo- metabolous insects is broken up into two sharply marked periods of active struggle for existence. The larval activities are directed towards solving the problem of food and growth; those of the imago are concerned directly or indirectly with the problem of reproduction to which all the sense-organs are subordinated. A larva has only one question to answer: What can be eaten with impunity? For the imago the burning question of the day is: Where can the eggs be laid with safety? It is one of the tasks of the entomologist to ascertain how these elementary realities are _*Abstract of paper read at 54th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, Nov. 9th, 1917. 358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST faced, and that is the reason for studying insect behaviour. It is not enough for the imago to deposit its eggs upon the food-plant of its larva. The crisis of pupation has still to be passed. And all this is done, without reflection or premeditation, by hereditary predestination depending ultimately upon the specific physico- chemical properties which make up the ‘hereditary patrimony”’ of the organism. The habits of the insects of to-day afford a picture, more or less altered by repetition and by circumstances, of the habits of their ancestors, so that their observation has an antiquarian or historical interest as well as an economic bearing, and it is not necessary to mix up these two aspects. It is one of the paradoxes of natural history that ancestral types can persist for untold ages alongside the more differentiated types. The tropical genus Peripatus is to the insect world what Amphioxus is to fishes. The latter has the English name of lancelet, and by a corresponding verbal transposition, Peripatus might perhaps become known as the “‘larvelet’’ since it has some of the properties and much of the appearance of an insect larva. Its habits are to this extent amphibi- ous that whilst breathing air it requires an excess of moisture; hence, like the alpine salamander amongst batrachians, it is charac- teristically, though not invariably, viviparous. Whether oviparous or viviparous, there is no free larval period in the life-history of Peripatus; its trophic and reproductive phases are not separated. The multudinous traits of insects may be grouped under two categories corresponding approximately with their larval and imaginal phases. Idiotropic tendencies comprise the feeding, rest- ing and protective devices of individual life. Phylotropic ten- dencies comprise habits looking to the preservation of the race, e. g., nest-building, egg-laying and brood-nursing. As an example of a casual observation of an idiotropic performance I may relate a small incident in my own experience. In December, 1905, I was descending the bund or high embankment of one of the ancient irrigation tanks of Ceylon when I noticed a dark brown Mantid ensconced amidst the green foliage of a low shrub. It happened to be a male of Gongylus gongylodes, a floreate species with folia- ceous expansions on prothorax, legs and abdomen, known to Aldrovandus and figured by him in 1602. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 359 As I approached it, several times in succession, on each oc- casion the insect squared the elbows of its fore limbs nearly at right angles to the body, the femur bent close against the long coxa, and the tibia pressed against the femur. This alert, de- fensive attitude had a terrifying aspect which was enhanced by a loud, rasping sound produced by rubbing the borders of the hind femora against the rim of the fore wings. The outer free border of each fore wing is thickened by a chitinous rim which is finely serrate. In the region of the hind femur the border of the wing is slightly emarginate, allowing free play to the thigh under ordinary circumstances. The femur itself is smooth, carrying a few minute hairs, but without any rough edge. When the insect is alarmed, each hind femur is rubbed de- liberately to and fro against the saw-like edge presented to it along the concave border of the wing, and a very effective stridulat- ing sound results from the friction. The same sound can be closely reproduced upon the dead insect by gently passing a porcupine quill backwards and forwards along the wing-border. The serrate border of the wing is also present in the female Gongylus, where the emargination is still more pronounced.** Quite recently I have become acquainted with a paper by J. Wood-Mason: On the presence of a stridulating apparatus in certain Mantide, (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1878, pp. 263-7) in which he, described the toothed edges of the tegmina of Gongylus, and sup- posed erroneously that the sound, which he had never heard, would be produced by the rubbing of the abdomen against the toothed edge. Professor Westwood asked Wood-Mason how it was that nobody had ever heard the Mantide stridulate, these insects being common enough where good observers have been. The answer was “‘that the species in which the stridulating ap- paratus is present are few in number;” and it may be added that they only perform under the right kind of stimulation applied at — the right moment. The homing instinct which we admire so much in bees and ants and wasps has been shown to depend to a surprising extent upon the chemical or olfactory sensitiveness of these insects, many **Spolia Zeylanica, vol. III, p. 226, Colombo, 1906. 360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of whose actions are reducible to chemotropic responses.*** The most trival movements may have the deepest significance for the individual, and, when repeated regularly under certain conditions, they have the value of tropistic reactions. It is well not to forget that the record of a vital act is less easy to couch in critical terms than is the description of an inert form. There are several factors which influence behaviour, such as the nature of the species, the susceptibility of the individual, the place and time of observation. If for any reason, known or unknown, the behaviour is inde- terminate, we can do nothing with it and the result of observation is negative. Indeed the interaction of tropisms may so confuse the issue as to render observation nugatory. It is only under the fortunate train of circumstances which permits straight and clear- cut reactions, several times repeated, that the study of behaviour becomes available for synthetic treatment. NOTES ON NOVA SCOTIAN EUPTERYID LEAF- HOPPERS INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. BY W. L. MCATEE, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professor W. H. Brittain, Provincial Entomologist of Nova Scotia, sent the writer a small collection of leaf-hoppers of this group, which is herewith reported upon, chiefly for the reason that characterization of two new species is required. LIsT OF SPECIES. Dikraneura mali Provancher.—Truro, August 26; Digby County. Empoasca atrolabes Gillette.—Kentville, July 3; Annapolis, ) ealbyeaks Empoasca obtusa Walsh.—Kentville, August 14, 16; Annapolis Co., August.6, 15, we: Empoasca unicolor Gillette-—Annapolis Co., August 11. Typhlocyba cymba, new species.—Head and thorax pale yellow flecked with pellucid greenish yellow; elsewhere pale yellowish ***N EE. McIndoo: Recognition Among Insects. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 68, No. 2, Washington, 1917. November, 1918 ow THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SOL hyaline. Scutellum and a straight-sided band just behind middle of, and confined to, clavi, fuscous. Margin of last ventral seg- ment of female concave on each side before apex. Length 4.5 mm. One specimen, a female, Halifax, N. S., Sept. 1, 1917, in collection of Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture. Typhlocyba lethierryi Edwards.—Truro, August 17. Typhlocyba rose Linneus.—Annapolis Co., August 5; Truro, August 26; Halifax, August 5, on elm; September 1, on maple. Typhlocyba ulmi Linneeus.—Halifax, October 6. Erythroneura ador, new species.—Venation nearly as in E. obliqua Say. Coloration unusual for an Erythroneura being pale yellow, except fore wings which vary to golden yellow, pale apically, and tips of tarsi which are dark. Length 4-4.5 mm. Described from four females (one the type) from Halifax, Nova Scotia, August 5, 1917, on elm, and one from same place September 1, 1917. Type and three paratypes in collection of Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture and one paratype in collection of writer. TWO NEW DIPLOPODS FROM LOUISIANA. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. The two new species described below were found represented in a miscellaneous lot of myriapods sent to me for identification by Percy Viosca, Jr., of the Southern Biological Supply Co., of New Orleans. Other diplopods in the lot are Callipus lactarius (Say) and Polydermus serratus (Say) also from Covington, Para- julus sp. and Spirobolus marginatus (Say) from New Orleans, and. Julus cerulocinctus Wood from Rochester, N.Y. The chilopods consist of the following species: Otocryptops sexspinosus (Say), Theatops posticus (Say), and Hemiscolopendra punctiventris (New- port) from Covington, Arenophilus bipuncticeps (Wood) from New Orleans, Neolithobius mordax (Koch) from Lake Charles, and Scolopendra viridis Say from Florida. Ethojulus amphelictus, gen. et sp. nov. This form is separated generically from Parajulus because of its different type of structure in the male gonopods. The November, 1918 362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST anterior gonopods, which are ectal in position, are deeply bifid; the anterior branch is of ordinary texture, clavate in outline and pilose; the posterior branch is strongly chitinized and smooth, rather slender and blade-like, curving first caudad and then ventrad and mesad, each presenting an acute spur from its mesal edge just distad of the middle of its length. The posterior gonopods are long, slender, chitinous blades curv- ing forward, downward, caudad and _ then again dorsad, thus forming three-fourths of a circle, with the tip bent slightly to one side; from near the base arises a shorter, distally acute, blade which is weakly sigmoidally bent and which extends ventrad nearly to the lower segment of the principal branch. Sides and venter light brown. Dorsum of pale ferruginous cast, dusky; a longitudinal mid-dorsal black line; a row of large black spots along each side over the pores; above each black spot a fulvous spot and between this and the mid-dorsal line a narrow, fulvous stripe and a stripe of similar colour also commonly showing across the anterior border of the somite. The sides above, espe- cially in anterior region of body, with a network of black lines over the lighter background. The collum covered with a similar network, a solid dark, transverse band just caudad of the anterior border, this widening toward the middle; a similar but narrower band across the caudal border, this connected with the anterior one along the median line. Vertex of head also with a network of dark lines; a solid black band between edges, this including the usual light spots below. Antenne blackish. Legs fulvous. In the female the second tergite extends very much below the level of the collum; angularly pointed below. The collum with a longitudinal stria just above the margining sulcus on each side. In the male the collum is more elongate, as usual in Parajulus, with the lower margin long and straight. The second tergite does not extend below the level of the collum and its lower edge is straight. The cardo of the mandibles in the male is strongly produced below; the process narrowed angularly ventrad, its apex narrowly rounded and reaching to the level of the lower edge of the labrum. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 363 Segmental sutures strongly curved at level of pores. Anal scutum exceeding the valves moderately, the tip straight and acute. Number of segments, fifty-six and fifty-eight. Diameter of female 3 mm.; of male 2.5 mm. Locality.—Louisiana; Covington, Dec. 16, 1917. < Fontaria louisiana, sp. nov. Type above dull brown; carinz bright yellow. Vestigial foveole 2+2. Characterized by the structure of the gonopods of the male- In these the posterior or principal limb of the telopodite is bifid, the branches long, slender and subequal and cross those of the other gonopod; of the two branches or prongs the mesal one is geniculate near tip with the latter acute, while the ectal one is straight, its tip also acute. The proximal, undivided and less chitinous, stalk is thick, densely hairy, and is prolonged along the mesal side of the mesal’ prong. The anterior or lesser spine is much shorter than the bifid branch; it is much narrowed distad, is moderately sigmoidally flexed, and crosses that of the other gonopod. a The body is narrowed at both ends between which the sides are subparallel. The caudal plate short, truncate at tip. Pro- cesses of penultimate keels distally rounded, the other acute. Length (male) 50 mm. Locality.—Louisiana; Covington, Dec. 16, 1917. A LONG-FASTING LEPIDOPTER. BY R. R. ROWLEY, LOUISIANA, MO. On May 15th, 1915, I received from Miss Harriet Boyes, of San Benito, Texas, twenty-four cocoons of Rothschildia jorulla, which she informed me were collected during the previous winter and spun by larve of the autumn of 1914. The record for emergence of imagos is as follows: October 14th, 1915, one male moth; October 9th, 1916, one male; October November, 1918 364 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 10th, 1916, one male; October 16th, 1916, one female; July 19th, 1917, one female; September 20th, 1917, one male; April 25th, 1918, one female; May 2nd, 1918, one male. Two cocoons gave large wasp-like hymenopters, five contain dead chrysalids, three are doubtful, and six pupe are still alive and will doubtless give imagos in the autumn, next spring and — perhaps later. Miss Boyes, as well as Miss Pattie Hutchinson, of Beeville, Texas, inform me they have had similar experiences with jorulla cocoons. This coming autumn these cocoons will be four years old. Think of a macro-moth 4 years as a chrysalis! I have had pupe of A utomeris 10 produce imagos on the second summer, of Callosamia promethea to do the same, and occasionally a few to live into the second winter, but have known only one butterfly to live two years as chrysalis, Anthocharis genutia. Little danger of such insects becoming extinct, but four years between meals is a long time to go hungry. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. NoTICE OF POSTPONEMENT OF MEETING. Owing to the epidemic of influenza it has been thought wise to postpone the annual meeting of the Society, and to hold it on Wednesday and Thursday, the 4th and 5th of December, instead of the 6th and 7th of November. . The place of meeting will be, as previously announced, the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. It is expected that accommodation for all members can be secured in the residence at the College. Members who proposé being present will kindly notify the secretary in advance, and also . send as soon as possible the titles of their papers. The Plant pathologists will meet on the Friday immediately following the Entomological Society meeting. L. CaAEsAr, President, O. A. College, Guelph, Ont. A. W. BAKER, Secretary, OQ. A. College, Gueph, Ont. November, 1918 = ee ‘ed — ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 365 ———o ON THE AMERICAN REPRESENTATIVES OF SOMATO- CHLORA ARCTICA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES. (OQDONATA). BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. Three North American species of Somatochlora have been described in which the appendages of the male are of the same general form as in the palzarctic species S. arctica Zetterst. These are S. forcipata Scudd., S. semicircularis Selys, and S. franklini Selys. Another species, S. macrotona, has been described by Williamson (Ent. News, XX, 1909, pp. 78-79) but, as mentioned below, I find this to be identical with franklini. To these three species | have two others to add, so that we have in North America five species of the arctica group. I had intended that the descrip- tions of these new species should first appear in a monograph of the American species of this genus, which is now in course of preparation, but at the request of another writer who wishes to list one of them I decided to publish them in advance. The five North American species of Somatochlora of the arctica group may be separated as follows: A. Superior appendages of 6 with a prominent external tubercle beyond the middle, visible from above; vulvar lamina half as long as 9th sternite, bilobed; postclypeus wholly eI ee a cts skeen. ie eee semicircularis Selys. AA. Distal external tubercle of superior appendages when present not or scarcely visible from above; vulvar lamina little or no shorter than the 9th sternite, entire; postclypeus variable. B. Abdominal segments 5 to 7 with yellow latero-basal spots, greatest width of @ abdomen distal end of seg. 5, thence narrowing caudad. C. Lateral thoracic spots brownish, scarcely paler than the ground colour, the mesepimeral elongate, ill de- fined; superior appendages of & in profile straight, ventro-lateral tooth not affecting the outline; vulvar lamina extending almost or quite to the hind margin af 10th stermite........00.00000.00.0...... reper ncrd eS "Pies Fae RS Tea bier ie re lp ee cash apecint —}i aaa ees eee ee Sn vecesy aia: ,————- Sar = NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF SOMATOCHLORA OF THE ARCTICA GROUP. 370 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST feebly convex. Colour yellowish, darkened in the middle. Ap- pendages about as long as vulvar lamina or as segs. 9 and 10 together. VENATIONAL DETAILS. (2 7's 10 9’s.) No. of] No. of No. of No. of} No. of No. of veins | wings, o& | wings, 2 veins | wings o& | wings 2? Antecubitals 7 Sno 2nd poste. 3 4 17 =85% fore wings 8 2 16 =80% before pter., 4 4 3=15% 9 2 l= 5% fore wings Antecubitals 5 2 18 =90% 2nd poste. 3 4=20% hind wings 6 2 2=10% before pter., 4 4 14=70 hind wings 5 2=10% Postcubitals 5 6 =30% Veins in 0 2=10% fore wings 6 4 10 =50% triangle, 1 4 18 =90% if 4=20% fore wings Postcubitals 6 2=10% Veins in 0 2=10% hind wings 7 1 12 =60% triangle, 1 ‘4 18 =90% 8 3 5 =25% hind wings 10 1 = ts oO 1 Measurements*.—(2 o&’s, 10 Q’s)—Length (without apps.) oO 52.0-54.5, 9 -47.5-56.5; thorax, o& 8-9, 2 7.5-8.5; abdomen (without apps.), o& 38.0-39.5, 9 35.0-43.0; hind wing, o& 33.0- 34.0, 9 32.0-36.5 ; sup. apps. o& 4; apps. 2 3.0-3.75; ptero- stigma of hind wing (costal margin), o& 2.75-3.0, Q 2.8-3.5; width of hind wing, o 9.25-10.0, 2 9.0—-10.3; width of head, o' 7.6-8.0, 2 7.0-8.0. Holotype.-—o Whitefish Pt., Chippewa Co., Mich., July 29, 1916 (A. F. Combs). Allotype—9Q, same data. Both in the University of Michigan Museum, Ann Arbor, Mich. Paratopo- types.—1 of 2. 9’s Aug. 7, 1916; 6 9’s July 29, 1916; 1 9 Aug. 4, 1916, 1 9 without date. Total 2 o’s 11 9’s. This species is a very close relative of S. forcipata. Its average size is larger and the lateral thoracic spots differ in shape and colour, otherwise the colour pattern approaches that of forcipata closely. The superior appendages of the co appear in profile more like those of kennedy: than forcipata and, as in the former the inferior appendage is only about half the length of the superiors. The vulvar lamina is decidedly longer than in any other species. Somatochlora forcipata Scudder. This slender, dark-coloured species is rather widely dis- tributed but seems to be everywhere rare. It ranges from New- *All measurements are in millimetres. i a ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 371 foundland and Labrador to Great Slave Lake and southward to Nova Scotia, northern, New England, Quebec, Ontario and northern Michigan. [I have seen but nine specimens from the following localities: Hopedale, Labrador, Aug., 1917, 1 o&, (W. W. Perrett) Ashwanipi River, Northern Quebec, July 25, 1917, 1 2, (Carnegie Museum Coll.); Isle d’Orleans, Que., Aug. 27, 1904, 1 o&, (Walker); Algonquin Park, Ont., July 15, 1900, 1 o’, (J. Macoun); De Grassi Pt., Ont., June 26, 1918, 1 o’, (Walker); Profile Lake, N. H., July 20, 1918, 1 o&, (R. H. Howe); Manistiqua River, Schoolcraft Co., Mich., 2 i's, (A. F. Combs); Marquette, Mich., 1 9, (Coll. Hubbard & Schwarz, U.S. N. M.). Somatochlora kennedyi, n. sp. Male.—Occiput, frontal vesicle and upper part of frons metallic blue-black or green-black; sides of frons and a moderately broad, lower margin yellowish brown; postclypeus dark brown or black in centre, lateral lobes yellow; labrum black or deep brown, anteclypeus and labium pale yellow. Pile somewhat dense, blackish on top of head, pale yellowish on face. Rear of head black with whitish pile. . Prothorax greyish brown, anterior lobe edged with whitish, posterior lobe testaceous. Meso- and metathorax metallic gold- green with blue reflexions, the actual brilliancy of the colour much obscured by dense, light brownish pile; the following parts ochreous but not forming well-defined nor conspicuous spots:— the antealar sinus, the ventral edges of the mesepisternum, a narrow area below bases of wings, an oblong or ovate spot on the mesepimerum connected with the above area, an ill-defined blotch enclosing the metastigma, and the posterior half or more of the metepimerum. Fore coxe black in front, dull yellowish above . and behind, this colour extending over trochanters to outer sur- face of fore femora in their basal half. Wings hyaline or tinged with yellow, especially along costa, sometimes entirely suffused with amber yellow; costa yellowish proximally, darkening beyond nodus; pterostigmata dark yellowish brown; hind wings with a yellow basal spot of variable size and 372 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. depth of colour, but not extending much beyond the anal triangle; membranule dark smoky brown, the’basal third or fourth paler. Abdomen greatly constricted at seg. 3, slender and scarcely expanding on 4, thence gradually widening to the distal end of 6 or even that of 7, beyond which it is considerably narrowed again. Pile pale brownish, long and thick on segs. 1 and 2, elsewhere very short. Genital lobes large, subangulate below, moderately in- curved, with dense pile. Colour greenish black, but little shining, marked with dull yellow as follows: Seg. 1, a large lateral spot. Seg. 2, a large antero-ventral and usually a postero-ventral spot on each side, narrowly separate or connected, the latter extending upon bases of auricles; a pair of large, rounded postero-dorsal spots, which may be narrowly connected with the postero-ventral spot, and a pale, apical annulus. Seg. 3, a pair of small, antero-dorsal spots and larger paler antero-ventral spots, continued caudad as narrow marginal streaks. The remaining segments have no pale markings except the brownish streaks along the tergal margins on the ventral surface. The abdominal appendages (pl. X, figs. 4b, 4c) differ from those forcipata as follows: The superior appendages are less arched in profile with a less prominent distal ventro-lateral prominence; the lateral carina extends farther distad and gives a broken appear- ance to the outer margin in dorsal view, the apices are more acute. The inferior appendage is a little shorter. The broken outer margin and acute apices also distinguish the appendages from those of incurvata and semicircularis, the latter differing also in other points already noted. Female.—Similar to male in coloration with the following slight differences: Abdominal segment 2 with a single large pair of ventro-lateral spots and a pair of postero-dorsals, or these may fuse to form one large lateral blotch. Seg. 3 with antero-dorsal spots much larger and broadly connected with the antero-ventral spots. The basal yellow spot of the hind wings may be very small or indistinct. The shape of the abdomen varies much according to age, and is similar to that of incurvata. Vulvar lamina about four-fifths as long as 9th sternite, not elevated, spoon-shaped, broadest at | | | { THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 373 _ base, but little narrowed distad, the = margin entire, broadly rounded, colour yellowish. ~ VENATIONAL DETAILS. (10 o’s 10 Q’s.) | | |no. of| No. of No.of | No. of} No.of | No. of veins | wings, 7 wings, 92 | veins wings, 3 wings, 2 Antecubitals, | 7 | 11=55% | 11=55% | Antecubitals| 4 | 1=5 % fore wings. 8 9=45% 8 =40% hindwings. | 5 17 =85% | 19=96% i=5 % 6 | 1=5%)| 1=5% z | 8 | 1= 5% Postcubitals, 5 6=30% | Postcubitals, 5 1= 5% | 2=10% fore wings. 6 12 =60% 6=30% hind wings. 6 | 1=5% | 2=10% 7 4=20% 8 =40% 7 8=40% | 12=60% 8 =20% 8 7=35% | 3=15% 9 2=10% | 10 1= 5% | 1= 5% Triangles 0 ee Triangle | 0 | 7=35% | 4=20% fore wings 1 20 =100% | 20=100% | hindwings | 1 | 13=65% | 15 =157% : 2 Zee 1= 5% Measurements.—10 3&’s 10 9’s. Length (without apps.) 7 46.5-51.0, 2 46.0-52.0; thorax, o& 8.5-9.0, 2 7.0-8.0; abdomen (without apps.), o’ 33-36, 2 34-38.5; hind wing, o& 30-31.5, 2 30-32.5 ; sup. apps. co 3.6-4; apps. 2 3.44.3 ; pterostigma of hind wing, o' 2.5-3, 9 2.5-3; width of hind wing, o& 8.5-9, 2 9-10; width of head, & 7-7.5, 2 7.25-7.6. Holotype —o¢, Orono, Me., F. L. Harvey, collection of Dr. P. P. Calvert. Allotype—g92?, Orono, -Me., F. L. Harvey, col- lection of Dr. P. P. Calvert ; taken in cop. with holotype. Paratopotype—o, June 15, 1891, Harvey, collection of Dr. Calvert. I have also examined the following specimens: Orono, Me., June 18, 1898, Bartle Harvey, 1 2, (U.S. Nat. Mus.); Manchester, Me.; Miss M. Wadsworth, June 20, 1904, 1 2, (coll. Calvert); Concord, Mass., R. H. Howe, June 18, 1917, 1 2, (teneral); id., June 24, 1917, 2 o’’s 1 9 ;id., June 4, 1917, 1 2 ;id., June 4, 1918, 1 of 1 9; id., June 6, 1918, 1 & 1 9; id., June 9, 1918, 1 oF; Manistiqua River, Schoolcraft Co., Mich., 2 #@’s, (A. F. Combs); Godbout River, Quebec, July 29, 1918, 1 @ 12, (Walker); Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, Ont., June 9, 1903, 2 o’s 2 Q’s, (A. Gibson); De Grassi Pt., Lake Simcoe, Ont., June 19, 1917, 1 o&, (Walker). Total 13 o’s, 11 Q’s. This species has been confused with both forcipata and semi- circularis. Eastern records of this latter species all belong to 374 THE. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST kennedyi. The untangling of the synonymy, however, can be omitted here, as it will be considered in my revision of the genus, now in preparation. I take pleasure in naming this species after Mr. Clarence Hamilton Kennedy in recognition of his valuable contributions to North American Odonatology. Mr. Kennedy recognized this species as distinct independently of the writer and at about the same time, so that it is particularly fitting that it should bear his name. Somatochlora franklini Selys. This species is remarkable for the great length and slender- ness of the abdomen and shortness of the wings in the male, and to a less extent in the female. There is much variation in these characters, and also in size, coloration of wings and length of ap- pendages of the 9. A study of this species in considerable series shows that S. macrotona Wmsn. (Ent. News, Feb., ’09, pp. 78-79) is not dis- tinct from franklini, the characters employed to separate the two forms being very variable, especially in the female. The principal character upon which the specific diagnosis of macrotona was based is the presence of small genital lobes in the 9, these being absent in franklini. I find these lobes are sometimes present as an in- dividual variation, but are independent of the other characters given for macrotona. They show various degrees of development, being sometimes barely indicated. There is some doubt as to whether the present species is the true franklini of Selys. In case it proves to be a distinct species, the name macrotona will still be valid. S. franklini is the most widely distributed species of this group, and is characteristic of the Hudsonian and Canadian zones from Labrador, Newfoundland and Maine to the Rocky Mountains, probably ranging to the Pacific Coast. I have examined the following material: Hopedale, Labrador, Aug., 1917, 1 9, (W. W. Perrett); East Main, Hudson Bay, Que., July 8, 1914, 2 9’s, (W. Todd); Sherbrooke, Que., 1 2, (Abbé Begin); Mer Bleue, near Ottawa, Ont., June 9, 1908, 1 o, (A. Gibson); Western Ont., Hudson Bay drainage, July 21, 1917, (Mrs. G. K. Jennings), 1 9; Winnipeg, Man., June 16, 1910, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 375 141 9, (J. B. Wallis); Winnipeg Beach, Man., June 19, 1909, 1 2, (Wallis); Husavick, Man., Aug. 17, 1910, 1 2, (Wallis); Le Pas, Man., July 1, 1917, 1 @ 2 9’s, (Wallis); Hudson Bay Railway, various points from M214 to M332, July 7-19, 1917, 4 #’s 7 2’s, (Wallis); Nordegg, Alta., July 11-17, 1917, 5 o's 17 9’s, (F. C. Whitehouse); Chemo Stream, Bradley, Me., July 27, 1891, 1 &, (F. L. Harvey); Whitefish Point, Chippewa Co., Mich., Aug. 4, 1916, 1 o%; id., no date, 2 o’s, (A. F. Combs). Total 16 o’s, 34 Q’s. EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. Fig. 1—Somatochlora semicircularis Selys, @ (legs and wings omitted); la, front view of head; 2b, abdominal appendages of o, dorsal view; 1c, same, lateral view; 1d, end segments of 9, later- al view; le, same, ventral view (appendages omitted). Figs. 2—2e, Somatochlora incurvata, n. sp., same parts in fig. 1-le. Figs. 3—3e, Somatochlora forcipata Scudd., same parts as in figs. 1-le. Figs. 4—4e, Somatochlora kennedyi, n. sp., same parts as in figs. 1-le. Figs. 5—5e, Somatochlora franklini Selys, same parts as in figs. 1-le. ZOROTYPUS HUBBARDI, A NEW SPECIES OF THE ORDER ZORAPTERA FROM THE UNITED STATES. BY A. N. CAUDELL, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, U. S. DEPT. OF AGRI- CULTURE, WASHINGTON, D.C. For over two decades a very unusual termitophilous inquiline has remained unstudied in the National Collection in spite of its . having been several times brought to the attention of men better fitted to publish upon it than myself. It seems wrong to neglect longer the recording of this interesting addition to our fauna, and especially the interesting notes made by Mr. H. G. Hubbard, the original discoverer of the species, and I have, therefore, decided to assume the responsibility for the new name here erected. In November, 1918 376 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST my studies I have benefited greatly from advice and assistance from various of my office associates. At an opportune moment, just as I was studying the Hubbard material, there came to hand an additional lot of six specimens taken but a month previous by Mr. Snyder. This accession of fresh material proved of great value. It was in 1895 that this insect was first discovered, Mr. Hub- bard collecting material at Haw Creek, Florida, in March of that year. Specimens were taken in termite galleries in a decayed log, and field notes were made on their appearance and habits. Except for an extract published by T. E. Snyder, Bull. Bur. Ent., U.S. Dept. Agric., No. 94, part II, p. 71 (1915), these notes are still in manuscript. Deeming them well worth printing I here quote them in full: ‘“’Termitophilous insects Haw Creek, Fla., March 4, 1895, (Trichopsenus? and a Thysanuran near 'Campodea imitating a young termite) found in galleries of Termes flavipes, small var., living in large, red rotten log in palmetto hammock. The Campodea lives in galleries not among the termites but in their immediate vicinity. It can only be distinguished from the im- mature termite by its longer legs and greater activity. It is very difficult to capture. I saw several, got only one in small vial of alcohol. ‘March 26 from same log I took numerous specimens of the Thysanuron, but lost one vial and saved only a few specimens, one of which is mounted on a point, the rest in alcohol tube. “May 16. I mounted in balsam on a slide two specimens, one on its back and one on its belly. The balsam clouded con- siderably.”’ The Trichopenus? mentioned in the above quoted notes is a Staphylinid beetle. Some time later, the exact date not known and of little im- portance, the above notes were rewritten by Mr. Hubbard in a more permanent form and show a change of opinion as to the probable identity of the species concerned. This recasted note is here copied in full: . ‘247 Termitophilous Psocid found with termites in large log in pine swampy hammock of Prairie Farm, Haw Creek, Fla., ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 377 March 26, 1895. Several specimens in alcohol together with worker of the termite collected at the above date, also one speci- men dry on triangle point, collected March 4, ’95, from the same log. The resemblance to a young termite is perfect, especially in mature specimens like that mounted dry. The psocid is, however, much more active than the termite and very difficult to capture. Immature specimens were not rare, and I took a large number but lost most of them with the vial that contained them. The im- mature specimens inhabit the galleries of the termites, but are not so apt to be found among the termites themselves as in their immediate vicinity. No. 244 Mucrocpytus testaceus was taken from this log at the same time. ‘Balsam slide with two specimens of the Psocid. “In the spring of 1896 I visited this log and found the vial with specimens lost the previous year. These are in separate vial (alc) numbered 247*. The termites from this same collecting vial are in a separate vial and numbered 707.” The lost vial mentioned in this note has again been lost track of and its whereabouts is at the present time unknown. The recently acquired material was taken in Florida by Mr. T. E. Snyder, who has kindly furnished the following field note regarding them: “‘15290*. Miami Beach, Fla., April 10, 1918. Inquilines? With termite in decayed red mangrove log; with termite and in adjacent wood. Very much more active than the termite.’ The above material, ten specimens in all, four from Hubbard and six from Snyder, forms the basis for the following description: Zorotypus hubbardi, new species. General habitus very like that of a termite. Entire insect beset with stout, inclined bristle-like hairs, those on the dorsal . surface of the abdomen directed backwards and mostly arranged in two transverse rows on each segment, one post-mesial and one at the posterior margin. A few of these bristles towards the end of the abdomen are sometimes quite long, almost as long as the basal segment of the antenna, but for the most part they are less than one-half that long and those of the sides and especially on the venter of the abdomen are very small and short. These 378 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ny bristly hairs are scattered over the entire insect, body and ap- pendages, including even the palpi, those on the legs and other ap- pendages smaller and shorter, some on the antennz being some- what longer and a few on the coxe as long as or even longer than the average ones on the dorsum of the abdomen, but less stout. Head from above about as long as broad, without a prominent nasus as common in wingless psocids. Antenne thick and con- sisting of nine segments; basal segment large, the apical four- fifths swollen, the entire segment almost three times as long as the greatest width; second and third segments approximately a third narrower than the first and subequal in length, their com- bined length scarcely as much as that of the basal segment; fourth to ninth segments about the same thickness and length as the basal one, the fourth slightly shorter, and the ninth somewhat more pointed apically than the others. Mandibles subquadrate and heavily chitinized, with two major teeth and some smaller notches and with a few fine hairs on the outer side; between the mandibles and the antenne is the clypeus, which is small and narrow, making the antenne but little separated from the base of the mandibles; maxilla large and well developed, from a side view forming no inconspicuous feature of the head in fresh material or specimens preserved in spirits, the tip pointed and chitinized and with several moderately long teeth and some short brush-like bristles; maxillary palpi consisting of five segments; basal segment short and generally inconspicuous, little longer than broad; second segment of about the same thickness as the basal one, thickening somewhat in about the apical two-thirds and about four times as long as the greatest width; third segment about as long as the second but a little thicker; fourth segment but little longer,than the apical width, apically about as thick as the preceding segment but basally much narrowed, the tip concave; fifth and last seg- ment noticeably longer than any of the preceding ones, nearly as long as third and fourth together, and somewhat thicker than any of the preceding ones, the margins very slightly rounded and the tip broadly rounded; labial palpi three-segmented, the basal two short and generally obscure and the apical one large and thick, being nearly as thick as the terminal segment of the maxillary palpi, and but a little shorter, the whole segment about three THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 379 times as long as the greatest width. Eyes wanting, two speci- mens on a slide in balsam showing pigmented lateral spots which may represent eye facets. Ocelli wanting. Thorax well developed; pronotum from dorsal view about as long as broad, about as long as the meso- and metathorax com- bined, and very broadly rounded anteriorly and truncate posterior- ly the sides very gently rounded and gradually convergent pos- teriorly where it is nearly a fourth narrower than anteriorly, the length about equal to the anterior width; mesonotum from above half as long as the pronotum and posteriorly broadly rounded, the sides straight and gradually divergent posteriorly, where the width is slightly greater than that of the posterior part of the pronotum; metanotum similar to the mesonotum in length and shape but a little broader. Legs stout, coxz very large and broad, being fully as broad as the femora; trochanters well developed, being of about the thickness of the apical tarsal segment and a little longer than broad; femora stout and decidedly swollen, about four times as long as broad and beset with small bristles except on the inner surface, which is naked, otherwise unarmed except the posterior . ones, on the inferior caudal margin of which there are two black chitinized teeth, one at the basal and apical thirds; the hind femora are somewhat larger than the others and have eight or nine bristles on the lower margin in addition to the two larger chitinized teeth; tibiz less than one-half as thick as their respective femora and of about the same length except the posterior ones, which are somewhat longer than the corresponding femora; the tibize are beset on every side by short bristles but are otherwise unarmed; the anterior ones on the anterior inferior margin with a series of a score or more bristles; tarsi consisting of two segments, the basal one triangular and very minute, the second one large, somewhat less thick than the tibiz, about five or six times as long as broad and beset all over with short bristles which, like those on the tibia and femora, are not erect but considerably inclined. Claws two in number on each foot, slender, as long as the thick- ness of the terminal tarsal segment and abruptly curved at a right angle at about the basal fourth. Abdomen but little flattened, from a dorsal view decidedly 380 THE CANADIAN. ENTOMOLOGIST broader mesially and apparently consists of seven dorsal seg- ments in the female and eight in the male; apically there is a pair of short, thick, fleshy, unsegmented cerci, as thick as the basal segment of the antenna, a little longer than broad, apically moder- ately narrowly rounded and, like the rest of the insect, bearing bristly hairs, four or five at the tip being unusually long, the apical one being sometimes even as much as twice as long as the cercus itself; genitalia usually concealed, in alcoholic material some males have a somewhat chitinized compressed organ more or less exserted. A detailed study of the genital characters was scarcely possible with the material at hand. : Entire length from front of head to tip of abdomen two mm., of pronotum three-eighths mm.; of hind femora seven-twelfths mm.; antenne one and one-third mm. Described from a total of ten specimens; one male on card point, one female in alcohol and two specimens, probably male nymphs, in balsam on a slide, taken by H. G. Hubbard in galleries of Leucotermes flavipes Kol. at Haw Creek, Fla., on March 26, 1895; four males, one female and one mutilated specimen of doubt- ful sex, all in spirits, taken by T. E. Snyder, at Miami Beach, Fla., April 10, 1918, in galleries of a termite of a different genus and species than the above. Type, male; allotype, female, from material taken by Snyder. These two specimens are preserved in a hermetically sealed tube of spirits. Type U.S. N. M. Cat. No. 21835. The above described species is related to Zorotypus neotropicus Silvestri from Costa Rica, but seems a little larger, and the pro- portionate length of the basal segment of the antenna is different and the number of seta on the lower margin of the anterior tibize appear to be greater. The description of neotropicus makes no mention of the two chitinized teeth on the inferior caudal margin of the posterior femora, a character present in hubbardi and one scarcely likely to have been overlooked by Sitvestri, and thus. pre- sumably not present in the Costa Rican species. The Order Zoraptera was established by Silvestri* for the ' *Bollet. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agr. Portici, vol. VII, p. 193-209, figs, I-XIII 1913.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 381 single genus Zorotypus containing three species, guineensis from Africa, ceylonicus from Ceylon and javanicus from Java. Excellent figures showing the general appearance and details of these in- teresting insects are given by the describer. Later* the same writer described a new species from the New World, Z. neotropicus from Costa Rica. Melander and Brues, Key to the Families of North American Insects, Plate 2, Fig. 26, copy one of Silvestri’s figures showing the general appearance of Zorotypus. Silvestri compares the Zoraptera with the Isoptera and with the Blattide and mentions the Dermaptera in this relation, but did not seem to consider any possible relationship with the Psocide. Thus it seems somewhat odd that they should have been con- sidered psocids by Mr. Hubbard and others. The rapidity of movement was probably responsible, as structurally little simi- larity to Corrodentia seems to exist. The presence of cerci, the situation of the antenne near the base of the mandibles and espe- cially the general appearance show a wide divergence from the psocid type but a near relationship to termites. NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA). PART VI. BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, LAWRENCE, KANS. _Dicranomyia rhipidioides, new species. Antenne black, moniliform ; general coloration brownish yellow, the prescutum with three dark brown stripes; wings grayish with sparse brown spots and subhyaline drops; Sc short, cell 1st M? closed, elongate. Male.—Length about 5.2 mm.; wing 6.9 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne black, the flagellar segments moniliform, subglobular. Head dark. Thorax pale brownish yellow, the prascutum with three dark brown stripes, of which the median stripe is very broad, the lateral stripes narrow, continued backward so as to suffuse the scutal lobes; postnotum darker. Pleura light yellowish brown. Halteres *Id, vol. X, p. 120 (1916.) November, 1918 382 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ———— SSS SSS SSS SSS short, pale. Legs with the coxe pale yellowish brown; trochanters and femora dull yellow, the tips of the latter narrowly dark brown; tibia yellowish brown, passing into dark brown at about mid- length; tarsi brown. Wings strongly tinged with gray, sparsely marked with brown and subhyaline; small brown spots and seams at the arculus, origin of the sector, along the cord, and the outer end of cell {st M2; stigma pale, rectangular; subhyaline drops as follows: before and beyond the stigma; end of cell R®; cell 1st M?; a few small droplets in cells M, Cu, and 1st A. Venation: Sc short, ending opposite the origin of the sector; Sc! slightly retracted from the tip of Sc!; Rs long, strongly arcuated at origin, about twice the length of the deflection of R 4; 7 at the tip of R!; cell 1st M? very long, closed; outer deflection of M* about twice the length of m; M* beyond m but little longer than that portion of the vein before m; basal deflection of Cu just beyond the fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the caudal margins of the segments pale; sternites pale brown. Hypopygium with the pleurites long and slender, about twice the length of the appendages; ventral pleural appendage terminating in a slightly curved cylin- drical point. Habitat.—California. Holotype-—o', Alameda, Cal., May 26, 1915, (M. C. Van Duzee). This fly bears a superficial resemblance to Rhipidia fidelis O.S., but may readily be distinguished by the structural details. . Erioptera (Erioptera) pilipennis, new species. Related to EF. laticeps Alex.; wings with a sparse pubescence in the apical cells. Female.—Length 3.2 mm.; wing 5 mm. Rostrum, palpi and antenne black. Head dark gray. Thorax dark gray, the pleura a little brighter. Halteres pale. Legs with the coxe and trochanters brownish yellow; femora dark brown, more yellowish basally; tibiae and tarsi dark. Wings grayish; veins dark brown; a distinct though sparse pubescence in the centres of the apical cells from R? to Cu!, inclusive. Ven- ation: almost as in E. laticeps but Rs longer; R?** longer; r b. > ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 383 inserted farther out on R? and closer to the tip of R'; Cu! at the fork of M. : Abdomen dark gray; ovipositor horn-coloured. . Habitat.—Oregon. Holotype-—°, Hood River, Oregon, June 2, 1917, (F. R. Cole). In our fauna this species resembles E. laticeps, from which it is readily separated by the sparsely pubescent wings, the venation and the coloration of the abdomen. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) needhami, new species. Related to E. dulcis O.S.; coloration pale grayish. yellow, the mesonotum with four separated brownish stripes; legs white with a brown ring before the tips of the femora; tip of the tibize not darkened. : Length 4-4.2 mm.; wing 3.8-4 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne yellow, the term- inal segments of the flagellum a little darker. Head pale. Thorax pale grayish yellow, the prescutum with four narrow, dark brown stripes, the median pair widely separated from one another, lying outside the tuberculate pits; lateral stripes on the margin of the sclerite. Pleura with two narrow, dark brown stripes enclosing a broad, silvery stripe; sternites silvery. Halteres pale, knobs brown. Legs with a broad, dark brown ring before the tips of the femora; remainder of the legs white excepting the slightly darkened last two tarsal segments. Wings grayish brown, dark brown on the anterior half, fading into grayish on the posterior half; a few large, whitish spots on the surface including the arculus, origin of Rs, Sc?, Sc’, R', R®, along the cord and smaller spots near the tips of the other longitudinal veins. Abdomen yellow, the segments marked with brown; hypo- pygium yellow; sternites with an interrupted dark brown lateral stripe and a less distinct but broader, pale brown median stripe. Habitat.—Eastern United States. Holotype, Sacandaga Park, Fulton Co., N.Y., June 17; 1910. Allotype.— 2 , with the type. 384 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Paratopotypes.—Abundant specimens of both sexes. This species is related to FE. dulcis O.S. (Western United States) but is much paler, the legs white and completely lacking the dark tibial tips of dulcis. The fly is very common throughout the Eastern States. My distribution sheets indicate a wide dis- tribution (Maine, Vermont, Connecticut, New York, Pennsyl- vania, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina). The fly has hitherto been determined as dulcis by Mr. Johnson and the writer, but comparison with authentic specimens of dulcis show that it requires a new name, and I take great pleasure in dedicating the form to Dr. James G. Needham. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) spinifer, new species. Related to G. cognatella O.S.; thoracic pleura with a broad, dark brown stripe; abdominal tergites dark brown, tipped with yellowish; sternites yellow; male hypopygium with the ventral pleural lobes elongate, on the dorsal face before the tip with a sharp spine. Male.—Length 3.8—4 mm.; wing 4.9-5 mm. Female.—Length 3.8 mm.; wing 4.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown.’ Antenne with the scape light yellow, the flagellum dark brown. Head yellow. Thorax yellow, the prasscutum with three broad, brown stripes that are confluent behind. Pleura yellow with a rather broad, dark brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites to the base of the abdomen and including the halteres; sternites dusky. Halteres pale. Legs dull yellow, the tips of the femora and tibize and the terminal tarsal segments a little darker. Wings pale gray; stigma indistinct, pale brown; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc short ending far before the origin of Rs, this distance a little longer than y-m; R?*® arcuated, a little longer than the sector; veins RK? and R? divergent at the wing-tip; cell 7st M? open by the atrophy of 7; basal deflection of Cul before, at or just beyond the fork of M. Abdominal tergites dark brown, the caudal-lateral angles of the segments yellowish; hypopygium yellowish; sternites light a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 385 yellow. Male hypopygium with the ventral pleural lobe elongate, fleshy, projecting far beyond the other appendages, on its dorsal face before the tip with a sharp, dark-coloured spine. Penis- guard narrow subtended on either side by a sharp, curved chitinized hook whose points are directed ventrad; these hooks are unequal in size, one being much smaller and feebler than the other; at its apex the guard ends in a slender dorsally curved hook. Female Ovipositor with the valves long and straight. Habitat.—California. Holotype—¢, Los Cerritos, Cal., March 19, 1915, (M. C. Van Duzee). Allotype.— 2 , with the type, March 14. Paratopotypes.—2 o's. Tipula entomophthore, new species. Mesonotal prescutum gray with three brown stripes; wings gray with a broad cross-band of white beyond the cord; vein R’ persistent for its entire length; male hypopygium having the ninth tergite deeply notched medially, the lateral angles obliquely truncated. : ' Male.—Length about 18 mm.; wing 15.8 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head elongate, yellow above, dark brown beneath and on the sides. Antenne with the three basal segments brownish yellow, the remainder of the flagellum dark brown. Head gray with an indistinct; median brown line. Thoracic pronotum gray, narrowly brown medially. Meso- notal prescutum light gray with three dark brown stripes that are centred with gray, the median stripe narrowed behind. Pseu- dosutural fovee prominent. Scutum with two brown marks on. each lobe; median lobe of the scutum and scutellum with a very’ narrow, brown line; postnotum yellowish brown. Pleura clear gray. Legs with the femora dull yellow, the bases brighter, the tips more infuscated; tibie and tarsi dark brown. Halteres broken. Wings brown, gray and whitish, cross-banded. A dark area at the arculus and cross-vein /, another at the origin of the sector, a large area at the stigma continued down to cell ist M?; 386 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST apex of the wing brown including the apical half of cells R? and R’, the apical two-thirds of cell R® and all of cells M2 and 2nd M*; remainder of the wing grayish brown with a large, white cross-band beyond the stigma extending clear across the wing except the apex of cell M %; a broad cross-band before the stigma and beyond the origin of the sector extending into cell M; a large white blotch in the base of M and the basal half of cells Cu and ist A. Venation: R? persistent for its entire length; petiole of cell 7 ' short, a little longer than m; m-cu short but evident. Abdomen dull yellow, the tergites and sternites with a broad, median brown line. Pleural region and sides of the sternites brownish."= Hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium with the ninth’ tergitel large, sub-quadrate, the caudal margin with a deep U-shaped notch, this latter medially with a still smaller but similar notch; lateral angles obliquely truncated. Ninth pleurite complete, large, the ventral portion with dense long sete; outer pleural ap- pendage narrow at base, expanded into a flatted blade which is covered with numerous long stiff sete; inner pleural appendage terminating behind in a scoop-like lobe that is two-toothed, the inner tooth longest and acutely chitinized, the convex lower sur- face with long, pale hairs; anteriorly the blade is white, very flat- tened, the outer edge heavily chitinized, jet-black, the tips ex- panded, in a position of rest lying beneath the ninth tergite. Ninth sternite with a deep, median notch behind which is a membra- naceous area; margin of the sternite adjoining the pleurite setigerous, the posterior portions smooth. Habitat.—North Carolina. Holotype.—o, Cranberry, N. Car. (Roland Thaxter.) Paratopotype.—o, in the author’s collection. This species is related to T. angulata Lw, T. penobscot Alex., T. subfasciata Lw., etc., but is separated from all by the structure of the male hypopygium and from the last two species by the com- plete vein R?. The material was heavily infested with the type- material of Entomophthora caroliniana Thaxter. The type and two additional specimens have been placed in the M.C.Z. collec- tion by Dr. Thaxter. (To be continued) ia THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 387 jp THE OTTAWA NATURALIST. To the officers of the Ottawa Field-Naturalists’ Club we ex- tend our hearty congratulations on the great improvement in the appearance of the new volume of its organ, THE OTTAWA NATURAL- Ist. The size is considerably larger, the number of pages in- creased, while the quality of the paper is vastly superior, being adequate to the needs of the best half-tone illustrations, as shown by the excellent plate of photographs of mushrooms, accompany- ‘ang Mr. F. W. Waugh’s article on ‘Wild Plants as Food.” The magazine also gains in appearance by the attractive design on the cover. ; THE OTTAWA NATURALIST, which was established in 1887, is one of the oldest natural history periodicals in North America. It is the only Canadian magazine whose scope extends to all branches of the subject, and it should, therefore, receive the hearty support of nature lovers, teachers and educational institutions throughout the country; as without an adequate subscription list it cannot be expected to maintain the high standard it has now reached. The subscription price, one dollar per year, remains un- changed, and for this small sum a volume consisting of nine-num- bers is offered. In the wider sphere of usefulness upon which it is entering we wish THE OTTAWA NATURALIST a long and successful career. BOOK NOTICE. Report of the Proceedings of the Second Entomological Meet- ing, held at Pusa on the 5th to 12th February, 1917. Edited by T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, F.L.S., F.E.S., F.Z.S., Imperial Entomo- logist, Calcutta, 1917. Rs. 3 or 4s. 6d. This volume does not consist of a series of separate con- tributions from different writers but is virtually a summary or abstract of the current knowledge of the insects injurious to Indian crops of all kinds, based upon notes prepared before the Meeting by the Imperial Entomologist and the discussions of these which took place at the Meeting. November, 1918 388 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST To the general reader and those unfamiliar with the peculiar problems that confront the economic entomologist in India, the introductory remarks by Mr. Fletcher will be found interesting. He gives much sound advice on the need of exactness in the mak- ing of observations and recording of data. The life-histories of most Indian insects are as yet very imperfectly known, and there are gaps in our knowledge of the life cycles of some of the com- monest species, such as, e. g., Agrotis ypsilon and Pieris brassice, both of which, during certain months, disappear completely from the affected regions, the adults suddenly reappearing after a long absence to deposit their eggs. Their disappearance is probably due to migration, but nothing is definitely known as to their movements. Such information is necessary in order to determine the most effective methods for their control. In the body of the report the various crops are taken up in, order, the pests enumerated in each case, and each species is then discussed in its turn. On account of the enormous field covered the specific accounts of the numerous pests are necessarily very brief; the object of the meeting having been to bring up for dis- cussion any questions or recent observations by the members, on matters of importance in their work. It. should be remembered, in this conneetion, that in India there is but one entomological staff, the work of the provinces being under the advice and direc- tion of the Imperial Entomologist. In order to give the reader some idea of the variety of crops and other plants grown for useful purposes in India, the following classification employed in the report may be quoted from the table of contents. The figures refer to the number of different crops listed under each heading: Hill crops, 6; leguminous field crops, 24; oil seeds, 7; Malvacez, 10; non-malvaceous fibre crops, 3; sugar cane, paddy (rice) and other cereals, grasses and fodder crops, 23; fruit-trees, 38; palms, 4; garden plants, 15; drugs and dyes, 5; cruciferous crops, 10; other vegetables and condiments, 31. There is also a section on stored products, 3. The various insect pests discussed and the crops they infest are so numerous and so unfamiliar to most of our readers that it would be useless to give them more than a passing notice. A few 7 on oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 389 of the destructive species are also well known in America, such as Heliothis obsoleta, Cirphis unipuncta, Agrotis ypsilon and Aphis brassice, and many others belong to familiar genera, e. g., Diacris- ia obliqua, a woolly-bear, which attacks a great many plants and sometimes occurs in very destructive numbers. Among the more important crops cotton suffers from a very long list of pests, including several species of boll-worms (Earias fabia, E. mnsulana, Gelechia gossypiella). The American boll-worm, Heliothis obso- leta, also occurs on cotton but is not destructive, preferring other plants, particularly certain of the leguminous field crops. Rice or ‘‘Paddy,”’ the most important of all Indian crops, also suffers from a great variety of pests, of which the most important of all is Schenobius bipunctifer, a moth whose larva does enormous damage by boring in the stalks. It is estimated that the injuries caused by this one insect in Southern India alone amount to one hundred millions of Rupees annually. Pachydiplosis oryze, a gall midge, is another very destructive enemy of rice. Two of the other pests of rice are not insects but crustaceans, a land crab. Paratelphusa hydrodromus, and a Phyllopod, Apus cancriformis. Wheat and oats are both attacked by the common Army-worm (Cirphis unipuncta) and other species of Cirphis, but the most im- portant pest of wheat seems to be a termite (Microtermes anand1), which destroys seedlings and sometimes also plants that are com- ing into ear. Of the numerous fruit-trees, mangos are among the most widely grown and the most extensively attacked by insects. No less than 57 species attack the various parts of this tree. The principal enemies of the fruits are weevils of the genus Crypto- rhynchus and three species of fruit-flies, Chetodacus spp., this genus being the one to which most of the fruit-flies of the region belong. The general question of the control of fruit-flies is taken up at’ some length under the discussion of insects affecting the peach. On account of the fact that agriculture in India is practised chiefly by the natives whose superstitious beliefs and utter igno- rance of the life-histories of insects are deep-rooted and difficult to overcome, the methods of controlling insect pests must needs be of the simplest character. Hence we find that the use of in- 390 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST: secticides is rarely possible on an effective scale, and it is. neces- sary in most cases to resort to such simple expedients as hand- picking, destruction of affected parts, the use of bait and light traps, bag-nets, etc. Considerable experimental work is being done, however, in the use of insecticides and the introduction and dissemination of parasitic and predaceous insects is also receiving much attention. The report is beautifully illustrated by 35 coloured plates of very fine quality, each showing the life-history of a single species of insect. . RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. (Continued from page 356.) THE ORTHOPTERA ((COCKROACHES, Locusts, GRASSHOPPERS, CRICKETS) OF NOVA SCOTIA; WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SPECIES AND NOTES ON THEIR OCCURRENCE AND HaABItTs.— By Harry Piers, Curator of the Provincial Museum of N. S. From Trans. N.S. Inst. Sc.; vol. XIV, pp. 201-356, with 4 plates. Halifax, N.S., 1918. It is gratifying to note the growing interest in systematic entomology in Nova Scotia. Through the combined. efforts of Messrs. Piers and C. B. Gooderham considerable information has been gathered on the distribution and habits of the native species of Orthoptera, a group of which until recently little has been known in the Maritime Provinces. The fauna is very sparse, only 26 species having been recorded, although two others are included as being practically certain to occur in the Province. This is somewhat surprising in view of the fact that the Transition Zone is said to be represented in the Pro- vince, and many other species range throughout this zone in eastern North America. Possibly intensive collecting in a larger number of localities will reveal a fair number of additional forms, though the-author believes the. total number By never. figecd about 35. In Part I; which contains peneral matter ‘rateeneeen to ike, study, of the Orthoptera, there is also a.valuable historical account. of our knowledge of the. Nova Scotia species, in which the author’ ~ November, 1918 as THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 391 has been able to establish the identity of the species recorded by Francis Walker (Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., 1869-71). This part also contains an account of the life zones of Nova Scotia with the distribution of the Orthoptera within these, useful information on climatic conditions of the Province in relation to the time of hatching and other phenomena of seasonal distribution, and some interesting comparisons between the faunas of Nova Scotia and other regions in Eastern North America, more particularly New England. Part II contains keys to the families, genera and species, with descriptions of each form and full notes on distribution, both general and local. There are also many interesting notes on habits haunts, stridulation, etc. A very full account is given of the variations in Nova Scotian specimens of the common field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus (G. assimilis). ~~ “The following minor errors may be noted here: P. 256. Nomotettix cristatus has been reported from Go Home Bay; Georgian Bay, Ont., in addition to the Toronto record (39th Ann. Rep. Ent. Soc. Ont., 1909, p. 113.) P. 297. The macropterous form of Melanoplus fasciatus, stated to be known only from Michigan, has been reported also from’ Lake Simcoe (Can. Ent., XX XI, p. 32), Fort William and the Temagami District’ Ont. (I. c., XLI, pp. 142, 207). P. 325. ‘The genus Ceuthophilus is now referred to the sub- family Rhaphidophorine, not the Stenopelmatine. P. 336. Concerning Nemobius carolinus it is stated that the present author ‘‘does not report it from Ontario (1904), although his common JN. angusticollis seems to be a somewhat related form.” The latter name hasbeen placed in the synonymy of N. carolinus (Walker, Can. Ent.,-XLI, p. 211). The paper is illustrated by four plates and several text figures, characters of all the species pene shown. DRAGONFLIES eine) oF ALBERTA.—By F. C. Whitehouse. Published by the Alberta Natural History Society, Red Deer, March, 1918. 16 pp. 44 figs. We welcome this first entomological contribution from the Alberta Natural History Society, and-hope that many more will ’ 392 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST be forthcoming. So little is known of the insects of Alberta that Mr. Whitehouse’s work makes a valuable addition to our knowl- edge of the fauna of this Province. The author has aimed to make the paper useful to the be- ginner and he has, therefore, avoided all but the most necessary ~ technical terms, and has made the descriptive notes as brief and simple as possible. They are not intended to enable the student to determine all his captures with certainty, but with the help of the figures, which in most cases illustrate the male appendages, (these being usually among the most useful characters), the identi- fication of the males, at least, of most of the species, should not be a difficult matter, especially as the Alberta fauna is not a very large one. There are 48 species actually recorded from the Pro- vince and 12 others are included as probably occurring there. The omission of exact localities and dates of capture, though regrettable from the specialist’s standpoint, is, no doubt, due to the author’s object of merely providing a simple guide for the use of the beginner, this information having been already published for most of the species in Mr. Whitehouse’s papers on the Odonata of the Red Deer District (Can. Ent., XLIX, pp. 96-103; L, pp. 95-100). As a substitute, a key is given to the seasonal distribu- tion, with remarks on the range within the Province and the relative frequency of occurrence of each species. The data for the seasonal distribution is, however, in most cases insufficient and must vary considerably according to altitude and other factors. It is, in some cases, based on a single record, which has no value for such a purpose, and in other cases the records are from localities outside of Alberta, which are equally valueless. To this extent, therefore, the key is misleading. Unfortunately, through no fault of the author, the numbering of the pages has been omitted, We hope that this useful little guide will stimulate others to take up the study of dragonflies in this interesting region where mountain and prairie faunas meet. (To be continued.) Mailed November 13, 1918. ee = The Ganattiay Futomologist wer.) L. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1918 No. 12 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. PRACTICAL RESULTS IN SPRAYING A COMMERCIAL ORCHARD FOR THE GREEN APPLE Bua. BY W. H. BRITTAIN, PROVINCIAL ENTOMOLOGIST FOR NOVA SCOTIA. The cost of spraying for sucking insects is so much higher than for fungous diseases and biting insects, that even progressive fruit growers sometimes hesitate before applying the remedies recom- mended for insects of this type. In the case of orchard aphids, it is often difficult to advise a definite course of action—outbreaks of these insects are so dependent upon climatic conditions and the action of parasitic and predaceous enemies. In the case of severe infestations of the Green Apple Bug (Lygus communis var. nova- scotiensis Knight), no such hesitation need be experienced. An abundance of data has now been accumulated, which shows that even when a single year only is considered, economically profitable results can be expected, though, of course, the benefit from the work should be considered over a period of years. The tables accompanying this paper give details of the results of control . Operations in one orchard. Needless to say, such results can only be obtained by a thorough knowledge of the life-history and habits of the pest and by the most thorough and searching work. The orchard for experiment was taken over in 1917 as a demon- stration in the control of the Green Apple Bug. One part, com- prising approximately 6 acres, consisted of very large 60 year old trees of mixed varieties; another part consisted of about four acres of 30 year old trees, mostly Golden Russets. The remainder con- sisted of a mixed lot of trees of varying ages, but mostly younger than the Golden Russets, comprising between two and three acres. This lot was very thickly planted and set with fillers of plums, pears, etc. The work of the insects was first noticed in the old orchard where the infestation was still most severe. Here it was gradu- ally rendering the trees worthless, reducing the crops of the chief 394 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST varieties to such an extent as to scarcely repay picking. The work of the insects was, for the three years in which we had it under observation, so severe that most of the blossoms would be stung to death before forming fruit. In most cases these trees would blossom heavily, but any fruit that was able to set would soon be punctured by the bug and either drop to the ground. or develop into a gnarled or twisted apple. The damage to the smaller twigs was also very apparent, a great deal of the fruiting wood being severely damaged by repeated punctures and covered with scars resulting therefrom. Much of the young growth had been killed outright. The past was now becoming similarly in- jurious in the Golden Russet orchard and, while the damage to the twigs had not here reached such a state as in the older trees, the crop was gradually and steadily being destroyed. Finally, the bug was rapidly gaining a foothold in the remaining part of the orchard, though the infestation was far from being as sévere as in the rest. The whole orchard, with the exception of the smallest part mentioned above, which was sprayed by the owner, was treated for Green Apple Bug, nicotine sulphate (blackleaf 40), 1 pint to 100 gals. being used. In the spray immediately before the blossoms opened, this was combined with lime sulphur and arsenate of lime. In the after-blossom spray, the fungicide was sodium sulphide (“soluble sulphur’) and the arsenical poison was omitted. All ° our attention was concentrated on spraying for the bug, and when weather conditions were such that injury from the application of the fungicide seemed likely, it was omitted from the spray. A “Friend”’ spray gun was used throughout the work, as this in- strument proved more effective than the ordinary nozzles. On the Golden Russet orchard and on the Gravensteins in the large orchard, the spray was applied under ideal conditions and resulted in the practical elimination of the bug. A few might still be found in the tops of the trees, but their number was insignificant and they were able to accomplish little damage. In the remainder of the old trees, trouble with the outfit resulted in considerable de- lays, and most of this block failed to receive the first and~ most important spray, so that it was only with great difficulty and by Fin gh tdi) ie ew eee ee «aii THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 395 taking the utmost pains that we were able to secure a fair measure of control. - In analyzing the results of this work we are unable to make comparison with check plots, as the owner did not desire to leave any trees untreated, and to have done so would have disturbed our COMPARISON OF VALLEY CROP WITH THAT OF EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARD. > TABLE No. 1. Total crop | Percentage} Total | Percentage} Total | for entire jof previous} actual |of previous} theoretical|No. bbls.!No. bbls. |No. bbls. Year valley seasons’ | crop in |years crops| cropin Grav. Nonpareils| Russets bbls. crops orchard |all varieties} orchard | 1910 323,000 1911 1,740,000 538.7 2200 220 95 600 1912 993,338 57,1 1800 81.4 1256 206 55 400 1913 | 650,901 65.5 1300 72.4 1179 Tea mee CR a 1914 650,900 100.0 | 780 60. 1300 159 | 4 75 1915 | 613,882 | 94.3 | 560 71.8 7a5--| 90 |} 1 46 1916 | 681,470 | 111.0 360 | 64.3 621 | 39 | 3 25 1917 744,730 109.26 1465 406.9 393 246 | 75 330 sprayed plots to some extent, owing to the flying in of adults from the untreated plots. It was, therefore, necessary to compare the quantity and quality of apples obtained in 1917 with that obtained in previous years, and further to compare this with the general crop for the whole Valley over the same period. This is to make certain that the results obtained actually represent the effects of our work, and not of other factors which might have operated over the entire district. Last of all, we will compare the results obtained by our own work with those obtained on the portion sprayed by the owner, as far as this is possible. In doing so, it should be remembered that the conditions in that part were not ideal for good work and that the comparative inexperience of the man who did the spraying, would render effective control un- likely. On the other hand, however, the infestation in this part of the orchard was much lighter than the rest. Table No. 1 shows that in 1911 there was a phenomenally large crop, following an abnormally low one of the previous year. The crop of 1912 was also large, but since that year the fluctuations have not been wide. 396 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — For the purpose of better emphasizing the result of our work in the orchards, the table gives not only the actual crop, but also a “theoretical crop.’ This is obtained by calculating the crops which the orchard would have yielded had it followed the general average for the Valley. For example, the crop for the entire Valley in 1916, was 111% of the 1915 crop. The 1915 crop in the experi- mental orchard was 560 barrels; therefore, the theoretical crop could be 621 barrels, though the actual crop was considerably below that figure, viz., 300 barrels. By comparing the theoretical crop, obtained in this way with the actual crop, we find that up to and including the year 1913 the crop in the orchard is better than the » average, but in 1914, it dropped below and continued to do so every year until 1917. This period corresponds with the increas- ing severity of the infestation of the Green Apple Bug as shown by actual observation. The figures for the three leading varieties show in a very striking manner the steady falling off in yield, and no one who watched the work of the pest in the orchard could doubt that it was the cause of the decline. In 1917, the year the treatment was given, the crop for the entire Valley was 109.26% of the previous crop, while the crop in the orchard was 406.9% of the crop of the previous year. Expressed differently, the actual crop was 1,469 barrels, while the theoretical was 393 barrels. PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF ALL VARIETIES IN ENTIRE VALLEY AND IN EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARD TABLE No. 2. Per Cent. of Different Grades Per cent. of Different Grades Year in Entire Valley. in Experimental Orchard. Noa |. Ne 2a) cakes “No, I" a4e= Nexen ai eo ens 1912 39.5 15.2 45.3 49.6 “Abe 34.4 5 isis 32.10 14.4 53.5 33.9° Sele amiga 47.7 1914 50.1 23.3 26.6 59.3 22.4 18.3 1915 34.1 Jas 54.8 | 22.2 7.6 70.2 ae 1916 40.3 18.9 40.8 49.9 18.8 31.3 1917 34. 20.8 45.2 65.3 12.4 22.3 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 397 a I BSE ag) te PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENT GRADES OF ALL VARIETIES IN EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARD, IN 1917. TABLE No. 3. Per Cent. of Different Grades Per Cent. of Different Grades Variety on Portion Sprayed by on Portion Sprayed by Owner. Department. No. 1 | No. 2 No. 3’s & Culls) No. 1 Ne. 2 |No. 3’s & Culls MGEAVs eles cieess-5: 28.9 4.6 66.5 43.5 9.6 46.9 IRIDSEON:. bess.e-<.- 53.8 19.4 19.4 Wo 9 13.7 UG ee 33.5 19.3 47.2 (Pat 13 14.9 WET oo sa.hse08 53.8 17.4 28.8 Waener...:.....:... aye 25) 38. Can. Orange..... 40.8 28.9 30.3 | Pewaukee.......... 40. 40. 20. Golden Russet.. 20.9 49.3 29.8 ‘Blenheim....... .. 74.3 if. 14.7 Baldwin............ 66.4 12.9 | 20.7 It should be noted here that the orchard in question has always received better than average care. Before the infestation of the bug began to make itself felt, it yielded crops considerably above the average. It has always been sprayed for apple scab and biting insects, and the quality of fruit has generally been better than the average in spite of the increasing number of gnarled and twisted fruit due to the work of the bug. The percentage of different grades obtained since 1911, is shown in Table No. 2. _ Lastly, a comparison of the different grades of fruit in the orchard treated by us and by the owner, shows a decided advantage in favour of the former, as shown by Table No. 3. This was largely due to the smaller percentage of twisted fruit, as the scab control was about equal. As previously stated, the natural infestation in that part of the orchard treated by: the owner was much lighter than in the remainder. A comparison of the conditions in the experimental orchard in 1918 with those of the previous season is of interest. This year the orchard was not sprayed for the Green Apple Bug. Care- . ful examination of the orchard shows that in the older, larger trees, there is still a considerable infestation, though not quite so severe as formerly, while in the Golden Russet orchard, where it will be remembered the best work was done in 1917, the pest could only be found by searching. The necessity of doing timely, thorough work from the standpoint of future years’ infestations, is thus further emphasized. 398 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NOTES ON CHALEPUS RUBRA WEB., IN NEW JERSEY. BY ALAN S. NICOLAY AND HARRY B. WEISS,* NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. This species occurs throughout New Jersey, and according to Smith’s List is common during May, June and September on locust and sometimes on basswood. Blatchley in his ‘Coleoptera of Indiana’’ states that it occurs on locust, oak, soft maple and basswood. Neither of these publications mentions the leaf min- ing habits of the larva. Chittenden, in his paper on ‘The Leaf- Mining Locust Beetle with Notes on Related Species,’’ (Bull. 38, N. Ser., U. S. Div, Ent.) states that Harris discovered the larva in 1827 mining the foliage of white oak (Harris, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., vol. I, pp. 141-151, 1835) and further records it from New York during June and as late as September. According to Beutenmuller, it mines the leaves of apple and linden, and the adult is recorded as occurring on white birch, hornbeam, cherry, Juneberry and Pyrus arbutifolia. Harris in his “Insects Injurious to Vegetation”’ lays stress on its importance as an apple pest and mentions chokecherry and shadbush as ad- ditional food plants. Chittenden (loc. cit.) states that. its life- history appears to be similar to that of the locust beetle C. dorsalis Thunb., and records from published statements that the beetles appear during the last of May and deposit eggs on the host leaves in which the larve mine. The eggs are described as small, round and of a blackish colour, being fastened to the surface of the leaf either singly or in groups of four or five. In New Jersey we have found the mines not uncommon on the leaves of various species of oaks, each one usually being at the edge of aleaf. The larva eats all of the parenchyma in its, mine resulting in the mine being visible on both leaf surfaces. It shows plainest, however, on the upper surface as a white elongate irregular discoloration. During the last half of June and first half of July the larve can be readily found within their mines. We have never found more than one larva ina mine. The pupal stage requires about two weeks and occurs the last week in July and first part of August, the beetles emerging during the second week of August and later. After emerging from the pupa case the beetles are light yellowish red, without distinct markings. *The arrangement of the authors’ names is alphabetical. December, 1918 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 399 After remaining in the larval mines for several days the colours become darker and the markings more distinct. Full grown larva. Length 7.5mm. Elongate, composed of 13 segments, very little tapering posteriorly. Colour white except the head, most of the first thoracic segment, legs and upper side of anal segment, which are brownish or brownish red. Thoracic and abdominal segments convex above and less so below. Head sub- quadrate, flat, shining, with median dorsal line groove terminating - jin an inverted V. Head about 1% the greatest width of the first thoracic segment. Antennz 3-jointed, joints of equal length. First thoracic segment 11% times the length of the second. Second and third of equal length. Thoracic segments of equal width, sides arcuate. Sides of abdominal segments 1 to 8 pro- duced into triangular tubercles (giving abdomen a notched ap- pearance) capped with minute globular tubercles bearing several minute hairs. First thoracic segment bearing a faint, median dorsal impressed line with a transverse, foveiform impression on either side. Dorsal surface of 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments and abdominal segments 1 to 8 each with a transverse, median impression and a short, oblique one on either side. Ventral sur- face of abdominal segments 1 to 8 similar to dorsal surface except that the transverse impressions are somewhat curved. Nine pairs of stigmata, one pair on second thoracic segments, and a pair each on all abdominal segments except the 8th. Each abdominal spiracle situated at the base of the lateral tubercle a little before the middle of the segment, the ninth pair in the dorsal surface of the anal segment. Thoracic and anal stigmata larger than the others. Pupa. Length-6.5 mm. Resembles larva in general shape but is shorter and moreconvex. Colour reddish brown. Abdomen showing lateral tubercles conspicuous in larva, each tubercle bear- ing 2 or 3 long bristles. Dorsal surface of Ist thoracic segment bearing 6 pairs of minute tubercles arranged in a triangle of three on either side of a fine median white line, each tubercle bearing a long spine-like hair. Dorsal surface of each abdominal segment bears 10 minute tubercles, (4 medially and 3 lateral ones on either side) each bearing a long spine-like hair. A pair of spine-like hairs 400 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST at the base of each antenna. Tip of mesothoracic wing-pad _ bear- ing several bristles. Distal ends of femora each bearing a pair of minute tubercles tipped with long spine like hairs. Ventral sur- face of each abdominal segment bearing several tubercles and spine-like hairs, those on last two segments being the most promi- nent. By reason of this armature and abdominal movements, the pupa can move quickly and readily. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Figs. 1 and 38. Oak leaves showing mines of C. rubra. Fig. 2. Chalepus rubra (after Chittenden in Bull. 38, N. Ser. U2 St Div. Ent: ). AN ENTOMOLOGIST WANTED. The Civil Service Commissioners of Canada hereby give public notice that applications will be received from persons qualified to fill the following positions in the Civil Service of Canada:— An Assistant Entomologist in the Entomological Branch of the Department of Agriculture in Grade ‘“‘C”’ of the First Division at an initial salary of $2,200 per annum. Candidates must be ~ graduates of a recognized university, and must possess a good working knowledge of the classification of the orders of insects in addition to any special knowledge they possess of particular groups. Candidates should submit a statement of their training, experience and other qualifications, also a list of the entomological papers published by them, together with copies of such papers when possible. Applications should be sent at the earliest possible date to the Secretary of the Civil Ser vice Commission, Ottawa, from whom application forms may be obtained. Particulars with regard to the duties of this position may be obtained from the Dominion Entomologist. December, 1918 CAN: ENT., VOL. L. € ~ SEZ Tiere ies teal ne po bUC a hove owns We aS «Ria ; oo nore Cpe a) oe esata: oa} Prare Xo \ AVE Sal a \ +. 4 ai OAISaIEr S IN y ) ILT AND LARVAL MINE ADT PUS RUBRA, ~ ~ (lS HANI THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST o 540} THE LIFE-HISTORY AND EARLY STAGES OF CORY- THUCHA PARSHLEYI GIBSON. BY HARRY B. WEISS AND EDGAR L. DICKERSON, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.]. This species was described by E. H. Gibson in the Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. XLIV,- 69-104, April 4, 1918, from specimens collected by us on walnut at Hammonton, N.J. In the above publication, Gibson states that the food plants are walnut and juneberry (Amelanchier intermedia). When we first collected this ‘species on walnut, specimens were submitted to Mr. Parshley to- gether with specimens of C. cydonie from juneberry. When Mr. Parshley sent the specimens to Mr. Gibson for description, it is quite possible that the host labels might have been accidentally changed. However, repeated visits to the type locality, Ham- monton, N.J., and numerous examinations of both walnut and juneberry -have resulted in finding the species only on the former plant. In New Jersey we have found parshleyi at Hammonton on butternut (Juglans cincerea), walnut (Juglans nigra) and Japanese walnut (Juglans sibboldiana), and at Cedarville and Bridgeton on walnut. An additional locality in New Jersey is Ramsey, by Dr. F. E. Lutz. Records of its occurrence outside of New Jersey are: Lake Waccamaw, N.C., April 20, (on pecan) (R: W. Leiby) and Great Falls, Va., Sept. 5, (on walnut) (Coll. of H. G. Barber). It undoubtedly occurs in many other localities and is possibly wrongly labeled in collections as Corythucha juglandis Fitch. The following observations relative to C. parshleyi were made at Hammonton, which is in the southern part of New Jersey. Overwintering adults appeared about the middle of May, and during the third and fourth weeks of this month egg laying was well under way. From one to four eggs were laid in the angles formed by the mid-rib and the side ribs on the under leaf surfaces. Some eggs were found upright in the leaf close to the mid-rib and removed from the vein angles, while others were inserted in the base of the mid-rib, projecting parallel to the leaf surface. Most of them, however, were found in the vein angles in groups of two or three, each egg being more or less perpendicular to the leaf surfaces. Here they were partly hidden by pubescence, only the December, 1918 402 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST black, conical tops being visible. Most of the eggs were found in the basal half of the leaf, and none at the tips where the veins were finer. The basal ends were inserted only slightly in the tissue, and each egg could be easily removed. By the third week in June, a few second stage nymphs, many third and fourth, and a few fifth, were found. By the end of the first week in July, quite a few adults of the first brood were present together with many fifth stage nymphs. Eggs were deposited soon afterward in uninfested leaves, and during the last week in July first stage nymphs of a second brood were observed. Dur- ing the last part of August and first part of September adults of a second brood appeared and later went into hibernation. Thus it is seen that there are two generations, each requiring about six weeks. On account of the extended oviposition period, it is possible at times to find all nymphal stages and adults and more or less overlapping of the broods takes place. After hatching, the nymphs feed in colonies on the under leaf surface, causing a discoloration of the upper surface. In severe infestations, the leaves become yellow and dry, and many fall to the ground. The dorsal surfaces of all nymphs are covered with minute spines in addition to the larger tubercles and spines. As the nymphal stages advance, the insects tend to become broader and flatter; the lateral margins become flatter and more con- spicuous, and the spines and hairs more pronounced. Egg.—Length 0.51 mm. Greatest width 0.14 mm. Elongate oval, slightly curved when viewed laterally. Basal end rounded, gradually narrowing to distal end, which is covered with a conical cap, below which is a constriction. Widest at basal third. Basal one-half to one-third translucent, remainder dark brown to black. First Nymphal Stage—Length 0.5 mm. Greatest width ex- clusive of spines 0.2 mm. Broadly elliptical. General colour brown, lightest at posterior end of thorax and anterior end of abdomen. Fine median dorsal line beginning on head and ex- tending through the second abdominal segment. A single broad, dorsal light band extending from head to posterior end of abdomen. Entire dorsal surface covered with minute spines. Eyes not THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 403 prominent consisting of a group of five ommatidia. Antenne one- fourth to one-third the length of the body, translucent, bearing several hairs. Head with two minute tubercles on front each bearing a hair, a divided tubercle on vertex bearing two fine hairs and a pair of tubercles on dorsum each bearing a hair on tip and another one posterior. A pair of median tubercles on meso- thorax each bearing a hair. te Fig. 7—C. Iloydi, full view of pygofer. § Fig. Sa.—Lateral view of same. Fig. 10. — Chloriona THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a7 Re F g. 7a.—Lateral view of same. Fig. 9. — Megamelus timehri, full view of pygofer. Fig. 11. — Delphacodes {guianensis, full view | of pygofer. .a ; fuscipennis, full view Fig. 12.—Delphacodes subfusca, of pygofer. full view of pygofer. 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Chloriona fuscipennis, sp. nov. Fig. 10. Male, macropterous. Length of vertex twice the width, apex slightly narrower than’base, length of face two and one-half times the width, slightly wider on apical half; antenne reaching to the base of clypeus or slightly beyond, first joint half the length of the second; hind tibia of equal length to tarsi, first tarsus longer than the other two together, spur nearly as long as first tarsus, wide, laminate, many small teeth on the hind margin; lateral pronotal carine diverging pcesteriorly, slightly curved, not reaching the hind margin. Dark brown, front and middle legs lighter brown, antenna, rostrum, hind legs, lateral portions of pronotum, middle of pro- and metanota yellowish or light brown. Tegmina hyaline, fuscous, an area over apex of costal and sub- costal cells clear, infuscation darkest along cubital area, commissure white with a dark mark at apex, granules minute with black hairs; wings hyaline with brown veins. Pygofer opening wide, dorsal emargination deep; anal segment sunk into emargination, round; genital styles long, straight, flat, narrowed on apical third, apex truncate. Length 2.5 mm.; tegmen 3.4 mm. Habitat—Demerara River, British Guiana. Delphacodes guianensis, sp. nov. Fig. 11. Male, macropterous. Vertex as long as wide, length of face slightly more than twice the width, sides subparallel, slightly narrowed between the eyes; antenne reaching slightly beyond the base of the clypeus, first joint more than half the length of the second (1 to 1.4); hind tibia longer than tarsi, first joint of hind tarsus as long as the other two together, spur large, as long as the first tarsal joint, broad, laminate, apex acute, small teeth on the hind margin. Light brown or ochraceous; a minute black spot on the lateral carine of face in front of the ocelli, a slightly darker longitudinal mark down the tibiz, abdomen darker with a light line down the middle of the ventral surface and on pleura. Tegmina hyaline, slightly yellow, veins yellow, granules fine with black hairs; wings hyaline with yellow veins. | ; Opening of pygofer slightly deeper than broad, anal segment small not closely embraced by pygofer, a pair of short, stout, curved, diverging spines on medio-ventral surface, their bases approximate; genital styles large, flat, broadest at apex which is truncate and oblique, outer edge slightly concave, inner edge produced into a process at the middle, which is longer than broad and rounded at apex. Length 2 mm.; tegmen 3.3 mm. Habitat.—Demerara River, British Guiana. Delphacodes subfusca, sp. nov. Fig. 12. Male, macropterous. Vertex slightly broader than long; antenne reaching to base of clypeus, first joint about half the length of second; length of face about twice the width, slightly narrowed between the eyes, beyond which the sides are parallel; median carina furcate at base; hind tibia equal in length to the tarsi, first tarsal joint equal to the second and third together, spur as long as first tarsi at joint, wide, pointed, laminate, small teeth on the hind margin. Light brown or ochraceous, darker between carine of head and over coxe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 39 and abdomen. Tegmina hyaline with light brown veins, granules very small bearing black hairs, a dark mark at end of commissure, wings hyaline with brown veins. Opening of pygofer round, margin produced into a small lobe at each side of the anal segment; anal segment small with a pair of small, stout spines on the medio-ventral edge, touching at their bases and slightly diverging to the apices; armature or diaphragm small, Y-shape; genital styles long, flat, slightly curved, slightly narrowed at middle, apex truncate with the coraers slightly produced. Length 1.6 mm.; tegmen 2.0 mm. Female lighter in colour, especially so on coxz and abdomen. Length 2.2 mm.; tegmen 2.8 mm. Habitat.—Demerara River, British Guiana. SAMUEL WENDELL WILLISTON. In the death of Samuel Wendell Williston, on August 30, 1918, American entomology has lost one of its keenest students. Aithough his professional work lay mainly in paleontology, in which field he attained great d’stinction, he also ranked as the foremost American dipterist of his time and a world-author- ity in this branch of entomology The following brief sketch of his life is based upon, and largely quoted from, the admirable account by Prof. J. M. Aldrich, wh'ch eppeared in the November number of the Entomological News (vol. XXIX, pp. 322-327, with portrait). Samuel Wendell Williston was born on July 10, 1852, and was, therefore, 66 years old when he died. At this time and for some years previously he was Professor of Paleontology and Director of the Walker Museum in the University of Chicago. His boyhood was spent at Manhattan, Kansas, where he entered the Agricultural College, graduating in 1872. He began to study medicine in 1873, but in the following two years he spent the summer months in fossil- collecting expedit’ons in Western Kansas, the work being done for Prof. Marsh, of Yale University. After a winter at the Medical Schoo! of the University of Iowa, he visited Prof. Marsh in the spring of 1876, and this visit resulted in almost continuous emp oyment with Marsh for nine years, until 1885, when he received his Ph. D., spec alizing in paleontology. He also managed to finish his med cal course in 1880, and in 1886 was appointed demonstrator in anatomy at Yale Medical School. So great was his abil‘ty as an anatomist that he obtained a full professorship in Human Anatomy ‘n the follow ng year. After three years in ths position he accepted a call to the University of _ Kansas as Professor of Historical Geology and Paleontology. Twelve years of arduous and productive work followed, during which he helped to organize the Medical Department of the University and took on the deanship of the latter in addition to his other duties. Though possessed of a vigorous constitution, his health began to give way unde~ the strain of cverwork, so that, after resigning from this post, he went to ‘Chicago in 1902 as Professor of Paleontology, in which capacity he was able to concentrate upon his chosen specialty. Here he spent the last 14 years of his February, 1919 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST life, beginning under some unexpected hardships and gradually working up to full recognition and honours. Williston never held an official entomological position, but he found time to do much valuable work as a pioneer in dipterology. His interest in flies began to be serious about 1878, but he was virtually alone in the field in America, and the difficulties which confronted him in the identification of genera and species were almost overwhelming. After a year or two of slow and tedious effort, however, he came upon Schiner’s Fauna Austriaca, in which he found great relief and satisfaction, for he was now able, through its excellent analytical tables, to trace all his American flies to their families and, in most cases, to their genera. “He was so impressed by the saving of time accomplished that his own publications coming later show the effect of this early experience on every page; everywhere he has the beginner in mind and is clearing the way for him. ‘In a few years he began publ’shing tenative papers analyzing the American families and genera of flies. These he extended and enlarged in a pamphlet in 1888, and again in a bound volume in 1896; and in 1898 published a third edition still more complete, with 1,000 figures, his well-known Manual of Diptera. This third edition is his main contribution to entomology. It is a handbook unapproached by anything else dealing with a large order of insects. From necessity he published it at his own expense; it was eight years before the receipts from sales covered the cost of printing, but happily he lived to see this con- summation. ‘‘His other papers of his early period, 1881-89, dealt with Asilidaee, Conopide, Tabanide, and smaller groups, and especially with Syrphide, in which his fine monograph of 1886 is still in universal use, and by the taxonomic genius of its author has created in the United States an ineradicable belief that the family is an easy one, well adapted for the beginner to publish in; a mistaken belief, but highly complimentary to the monographer. ‘From 1890 his more important papers were concerned with tropical Diptera (Mexico, St. Vincent, Brazil), and with bibliography As his official duties grew more exacting, he gradually abandoned entomology, but he had as many farewell appearances as an opera singer, for he could not resist the tempta- tion to come back again and again * * * But after 1896 he did little work on the order except in preparing the third edition of his Manual, which cost him two years of arduous work, as he drew 800 figures with his own hand His deep interest in genera and his very wide acquaintance with them, together with his universally recognized taxonomic ability, made him in the period 1890-1900, the peer of Osten Sacken, Brauer and Mik as a world-authority in Diptera.” Williston exercised a stimulating aud inspiring influence upon his students, with whom he associated himself intimately. Although he never gave any formal entomological courses, he gave much informal assistance to many who were interested in his special studies, and among these are some of our most eminent dipterists, as well as others who attained distinction in paleontology. “But his life work was mainly directed to the larger circle outside his own in- stitution.” “His last years were full of honours. He was a delegate to the International Zoological Congress at Monaco; Yale University gave him an honorary D. Sc.; - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 41 he was chosen to the limited membership of the National Academy of Sciences, and the Entomological Society of America made him an Honorary Fellow, one of seven out of its membership of 600. “He was married in 1880 to Annie I. Hathaway, of New Haven, who sur- vives him together with three daughters and a son.” In his concluding paragraph Prof. Aldrich says: “More than any other of my teachers, he became my ideal of a scientific man; and if in later years my ideal took on larger proportions, so he too seemed to expand in his nature powers; and at the close of his life I still feel that a splendid and inspiring example of scientific work and achievement is contained in his career.” SOME NEW LACHNIDS OF THE GENUS LACHNIELLA. (HOMOPTERA-HEMIPTERA.) BY H. F. WILSON, MADISON, Wis. (Continued from page 22.) Lachniella nigra, n. sp. Descriptions made from specimens collected at Kilbourn, Wisconsin, August 18, 1917, on Pinus sp. Very abundant and found in colonies on the underside of the branches or on the trunk of young trees. General colour shining or a metallic chocolate brown, not pruinose. Colour notes from live specimens, other notes from alcoholic and balsam material. Types in the writer’s collection. _ Apterous viviparous female.—General colour metallic brown with the legs and antenne black. After being in the balsam for a few months the antenne and front and middle pair of legs became lighter, especially the tibiae. Antenne with the third segment being much stouter. Third segment approximately as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth together, the sixth being slightly longer than the fourth, and both less than the fifth. Third segment without sensoria, fourth with two small ones, and the fifth with one small sensoria near the middle, and a very large one at the distal end. Beak long, extending to the tip of the body. Nectaries very large and with a straight sloping base, cauda angled ‘rather than rounded at the tip. Hairs abundant and of medium length. Measuremenis.—Length of body 2.5 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.5 mm.; IV, 0.187 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.21 mm. Total length 1.34 mm. eth of beak 2mm. Length of fad tibiz 2.35 mm. ae Se ae ee CTC Alate viviparous female——General colour bronze brown with antenna and legs black. Colour notes made from live specimens, other notes from balsam mounts. After several months in balsam the antennz and legs become lighter coloured. The antennz from the base of the third segment, gradually becoming darker toward the tip, the last segment being dusky to black. The tibie of the first and second pair of legs excepting at the joints become quite clear, those of the hind pair continue to be dusky black. Third antennal segment approxi- mately as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth. As in the apterous forms the antennz taper somewhat, the last two segments being thicker than the preceding; from one to three sensoria are found on the distal end, except that occasionally _ two sensoria may occur near the end, and one larger one about the centre of the segment. Fourth segment normally with one sensorium, but two may occur. : February 1919 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST , Fifth segment with two large or one large and two small sensoria. Beak reaching to tip of abdomen, wings as usual in the genus. Nectaries not quite as large as in apterous forms, and cauda more rounded. Measurements.—Length of body 2.25 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.62 mm.; IV, 0.25 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.187 mm. Total length 1.5 mm. Length of beak 2.15 mm. Length of hind tibiz 2.6 mm. Lachniella montana, new species. Description made from three apterous specimens on one slide. Material sent to me by Prof. C. P. Gillette and designated as a new species by him under the name Lachnus montanus collected by Prof. Gillette at Cimmaron, Colorado, on oak August 22, 1906. Apterous viviparous female-—General colour cannot be determined. Antenne light coloured throughout, legs slightly darker without black areas. Antenne reaching slightly beyond the hind coxe, third segment not as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth together. Third and fourth antennal segments without sensoria, fifth with one at the distal end. Beak reaching slightly beyond the hind coxe. Abdomen with a row of distinct tubercles along each side, which are raised areas on the front edge of each tracheal opening. A few scat- tered glandular areas are also to be found on the abdomen. Each hind tibiz has a number of round to oblong sensoria on the upper side of the basal one- third of the segment. It is possible that the specimens at hand are oviparous females, but it hardly seems possible that this form would occur in that climate as early as August. The cauda and oval plate are slightly distinct. Measurements.—Length of body 3.5 mm.; width 2mm. _ Length of antennal segments: III, 0.72 mm.; IV, 0.31 mm.: V,. 0:4 mim) Vip 20mm] otal length 1.67 mm. Beak: III, 0.23 mm.; IV, 0.21 mm.; V, 0.083 mm. fk Lachniella burrilli, new species. From material collected by Professor A. C. Burrill on Sabina scopulorum at Twin Falls, Idaho, July 6, 1917. One alate specimen in good condition, one apterous specimen in poor condition and a number of larve. Mr. Burrill states that these were found on the underside of the limbs feeding on the bark, and that they greatly resembled the colour of the bark. Mr. Burrill’s notes on coloration are included in the descriptions. Specimens of what is evidently the same species but differing slightly were sent to me from Fort Collins, Colo- rado, by Professor C. P. Gillette. These were collected on the same food plant. Types in writer’s collection. A pterous viviparous female.—General colour closely resembles the bark, being black with pruinose patches which produce a calico effect. Antenna cream-coloured at the base and black at the tip. Abdomen with two rows of black blotches along the median line and two rows of black dots dorso-laterally along the abdomen. Legs with the femora black, and the tibia black at the tip. Nectaries black, cauda light coloured. Antenne with third segment less than length of fourth, fifth and sixth segments. Fourth longer than the sixth. Third segment with three sensoria, fourth with one and five with one. Nectaries small conical, and diameter of base not much greater than that of the opening. Body, legs and antenne moderately hairy, hairs short and inconspicuous. Measurements.—Length of body 3 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.42 mm.; IV, 0.2 mm.; V, 0.17 mm.; VI, 0.12 mm. Total length 1.3 mm. iat) oe | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 43 Beak: III, 0.166 mm.; IV, 0.166 mm.; V, 0.063 mm. Total length 1.56 mm.? Length of hind tibiz 0.95 mm.; hind tarsus 0.21 mm. Alate viviparous female.—General colour black with white pruinose areas producing a calico effect. Antenne cream-coloured at the base of the third and fourth segments, other parts dusky and tip dusky black. Head dusky, thorax black, wings dusky, veins with dusky borders. Legs with femora light coloured at base and dusky toward the tip. Tibiz light coloured except slightly at the base and a small part toward the tip. Tarsi black. Abdomen smoky, with two rows of dorso-lateral black dots, and an extra dot on segment four. Posterior segments almost black. Cauda black. Third antennal segment shorter than the three distal segments, four and five approximately equal, and six shorter than four. Beak reaching to base of nectaries. Nectaries cone- shaped and rather large. Cauda and anal plate broadly rounded. Measurements.—Length of body 2 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.33 mm.; IV, 0.166 mm.; V, 0.18 mm.; VI, 0.1 mm. Total length 1.36 mm. Beak: III, 0.166 mm.; IV, 0.166 mm.; V, 0.083 mm. Total length 1.55 mm. Length of hind tibie 1.46 mm. Hind tarsus 0.23 mm. Lachniella caudelli, new species. From specimens collected by A. N. Caudell at Kaslo, B.C., July 7, 1903, on spruce. One slide containing one alate and five apterous forms. This species is sufficiently distinct to warrant a description, although the material at hand is not abundant. Types in U.S. Bureau of Entomology collection. Apterous viviparous female.—General colour cannot be determined. Antenne light at the base growing darker toward the tip, last segment dusky. First and second pair of legs light except at the joints, tarsi dusky. Hind legs with femora light at base and dusky towards the distal end; tibia dusky except a light area near the base. Tarsi dusky and long and slender. Antenne with third segment shorter than the fourth, fifth and sixth together. Fourth and sixth approximately equal in length. Third antennal segment without sensoria, fourth with one small, one or none and the fifth with one large one near the distal end. Beak reaching to base of nectaries. Nectaries with - base quite flat and about three times as wide as the opening. Opening pro- portionately larger than the base. Abdomen with two irregular rows of black spots dorsolaterally placed, and with two rows of five oblong spots which appear to be glands. These spots are distinct on two individuals but their structure is obscured by the balsam. Cauda broadly rounded and anal plate wide and dished. Measuremenis.—Length of body 2.42 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.63 mm.; IV, 0.166 mm.; V, 0.25 mm.; VI, 0.19 mm. Total length 1.28 mm. Length of beak: III, 0.23 mm.; IV, 0.18 mm.; V, 0.1 mm. Total length 1.76 mm. Alate viviparous female.—Antenne dusky throughout and each segment of _ the same relative thickness. Third segment slightly longer than the fourth and fifth together, the fourth and sixth approximately equal. Third segment with _ five or six large sensoria, fourth with one or two and fifth with one very large, and one small sensoria. 1 The legs are generally dusky black with a slight yellowish area near the base of the hind tibia. Wings with the median vein having but a single fork. 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Whether or not thisis normal cannot be told until more specimens are gathered. Only one nectary is visible but it is distinctly shown. The base is a little wider than in the apterous forms, and is distinctly cone-shaped but with widely sloping sides. Hairs on antennae medium short and not overly abundant; they are shorter on the legs but more abundant. They are fine and inclined backward. Measurements.—Abdomen of this individual crushed, approximate length 2.5 mm.? Length of antennal segments: III, 0.47 mm.; IV, 0.21 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.22 mm. Total length 1.32 mm. Length of beak: III, 0.21 mm.; IV, 0.167:mm.; V, 0.0883 mm: Total length 1.6 mm. Lachniella pinivora, new species. From material collected by A. D. Hopkins No. 7422. Two slides containing six alate specimens. This species resembles L. gracilis quite closely but there is considerable difference between the two, in that the hairs at the base of the tibiz of L. pinivora are longer and more inclined than is the case with L. gracilis. Alate viviparous female.—Antenne light coloured at the base of the third, fourth and fifth antennal segments, distal portion of these segments and the sixth dusky. First and second pairs of legs yellowish at the base of the femora and along the middle of the tibia. Other parts and tarsi deep dusky brown. Hind femora yellow at the base and dark brown at the joint, hind tibiz with yellow area clear and covering about one-third of the segment. Nectaries large and volcano-shaped. Cauda and anal plate both broadly rounded. Third antennal segment with seven medium-sized sensoria widely set apart, fourth with one or two and fifth with two. Third segment shorter than the last three together, five distinctly longer than four and six four-fifths as long as four. Beak short, extending to the farther edge of the middle coxe. Hairs long and drooping, but not so much so as in L. strobi. , Measurements.—Length of body 2.9 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.55 mm.; IV, 0.22 mm.; V, 0.24 mm.; VI, 0.164 mm. Beak: IIT, 0.172 mm.; IV, 0.15 mm.; VI, 0.63 mm. Total length 1.25 mm. Length of hind tibia 2.29 mm. Hind tarsus 0.27 mm. Lachniella edulis, new species. From material collected by Mr. L. C. Bragg at Trinidad, Colorado, June 18, 1911, on Pinus edulis. Other specimens collected on the same plant by — Professor C. P. Gillette at Walsenburg, Colorado, and by Mr. Bethel, Cannon City, Colorado, may possibly be the same species although some differences have been noticed. Types in writer’s collection. A pterous viviparous female.—Antenne clear at the base and dusky at the tip. Two anterior pairs of legs dusky except over a greater portion of the tibia. Hind legs dusky except a light coloured area near the base of the tibie. Third antennal segment slightly shorter than the fourth and fifth together; sixth segment about two thirds the length of the fourth. Apterous forms on Prof. Gillette’s slide do not show sensoria on the third segment, while those collected by Mr. Bragg have three small ones near the distal end. Fourth segment with one or two and fifth with two sensoria. Nectaries large and volcano-shaped. Antenne and body with a moderate number of medium short hairs, legs more abundantly set with short drooping hairs. Hind tibiae distinctly curved. , . = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 45 Measurements.—Length of body 3.74 mm. Length of antennal segments: VII, 0.5 mm.; IV, 0.25 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.145 mm. - Total length 1.32 mm. Beak: III, 0.187 mm.; IV, 0.155 mm.; V, 0.063 mm. Total length 2.1 mm. Length of hind tibie 2.9 mm.; hind tarsus 0.33 mm. Alate viviparous female.—Specimens cleared before mounting and colour characteristics not definite. Antenne with third, fourth and fifth segments light at the base and dusky at the tip. First and second pair of legs with femora dark, tibie light coloured except at the ends. Hind legs with the femora and tibie dark except a yellowish area near the base. Third antennal segment slightly shorter than the fourth and fifth together, sixth segment little more than half as long as the fourth. Third segment with four to six round irregular sized sensoria, four with two or three and five with two. Wings folded under the specimens so that venation cannot be determined. Nectaries very large and volcano-shaped. Tibiz long and strongly curved. Antenne and body moderately set with medium short hairs, hind tibia, thickly set with short drooping hairs. Measurements.—Length of body 3.5 mm. Length of antennal segments: Pty O52 mim. LV; 0:31 mm.; V, 0.31 mm.; VI, 0.187 mm. Total length 1.55 mm. Beak: III, 0.25 mm.; IV, 0.21 mm.; V, 0.063 mm. Total length 2.8 mm. Length of hind tibize 2.8 mm.; hind tarsus 0.35 mm. Lachniella montanensis, new species. -From material sent to me by Mr. J. R. Parker, of the Montana Agricul- tural College. Two slides, one containing specimens collected by F. C. Bishop at Florence, Montana, July 2, 1914, on Pine and a second containing specimens collected by Mr. Parker at Bozeman, Montana, June 25, 1915, on Pinus laricis. Types in writer’s collection. Apterous viviparous female.—Antenne with segments three, four and five yellowish at the base and dusky at the tip, sixth segment completely dusky. Legs completely black except a small section at the base of the femora and light areas near the base of the tibiz. This area is a little longer on the front tibia. Nectaries dusky black broken with light patches about the base. Third antennal segment longer than segments four and five together, fourth almost equal to five and six about one-half as long as four.’ Third seg- ment without sensoria, fourth with one or two and fifth with three. Nectaries large and volcano-shaped, cauda angular. Antenne and body moderately hairy, legs, abundantly set with short and drooping hairs. Hind legs strongly curved. Measurements.—Length of body 4 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.58 mm.; IV, 0.27 mm.; V, 0.27 mm.; VI, 0.15 mm. Total length 1.46 mm. Rostrum: III, 0.31 mm.; IV, 0.381 mm.; V, 0.1 mm. Total length 2.39 mm. Length of hind tibie 2.9 mm. Length of hind tarsus 0.27 mm. Alate viviparous female.—Antenne dusky to deep black with light areas at the base of third and fourth segments. - Legs as in the apterous forms except that the light areas on the tibiz are less prominent. Nectaries similar to those . of the apterous forms. Third antennal segment approximately equal in length to the fourth and fifth segments together. The two latter being approxi- mately equal in length to the fourth and fifth segments together. The two latter being approximately equal in length. Sixth segment about one-half as 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST long as four. Third segment with seven or eight regular and round sensoria whose diameter is about one-half the diameter of the segment. Fourth seg- ment with two or three and five with two sensoria. Beak extending slightly beyond the hind coxee. Wings typical of the genus. Measurements.—Length of body 4 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.6 mm.; IV, 0.29 mm.; V, 0.29 mm.; VI, 0.15 mm. Total length 1.48 mm. Rostrum: III, 0.81 mm.; IV, 0.30 mm.; V, 0.1 mm. Total length 2.4 mm. Length of hind tibiz 2.9 mm.; hind tarsus 0.39 mm. Lachniella schwarzii, new species. From material collected by E. A. Schwarz at Prescott, Arizona, June 20, 1901, on Pinus sp. Also three specimens collected by Professor C. P. Gillette at Laporte, Colorado, July 1, 1898, on Pinus ponderosa. Types in U.S. Bureau of Entomology collection. At a first glance this species may be taken for Lachniella montanensis as the markings of the legs and antenne are quite alike and the wings, nectaries and cauda are very similar. The antenne vary considerably, and the beak of L. schwarzit is much the longer in proportion to the length of the body. A pterous viviparous female.—Antenne light coloured over basal two-thirds of third and basal one-third of fourth and fifth segments, remaining parts and sixth segment dusky black. The three pairs of legs except the base of the femora and a yellowish area towards the base of the tibia dusky black. This light coloured area is much more extensive on the two front pairs than on the rear pair. Third antennal segment equal to or slightly longer than the fourth and fifth segments together. Fifthsegment slightly longer than fourth, and sixth about two-thirds as long as four. Third segment with one small sensoria at the distal end, fourth and fifth with two each. These are larger than the one on the third segment. Beak long, extending almost to or beyond the tip of the abdomen. Hairs on antennz and body moderately abundant. Legs thickly set with short drooping hairs. Hind tibize strongly curved. Nectaries large and volcano-shaped. Cauda angular. Measurements.—Length of body 2.5 mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.56 mm.; IV, 0.23 mm.; V, 0:26 mm.; VI, 0.166 mm:-1V, Oi2semimiee 0.1mm. Total length 2.49 mm. Length of hind tibie 2.45 mm.; hind tarsus 0.33 mm. Alate viviparous female.—Colour markings of antenne and legs like those of the apterous female except that the light areas on the tibia are not as extensive. Comparative length of antennal segments as in the apterous form. Third antennal segment with four to six round sensoria of irregular size, fourth with — one or two and fifth with two. Rostrum long, reaching to or beyond the tip of the abdomen. Cornicles large and volcano-shaped, cauda angular. Measurements.—Length of body 3mm. Length of antennal segments: III, 0.51 mm.; IV, 0.28 mm.; V, 0.25 mm.; VI, 0.166 mm. Total length 1.3 mm. Rostrum: III, 0.25 mm.; IV, 0.22 mm.; V, 0.1 mm. ‘Total length 2.9 mm. Hind tibia 2.49 mm.; hind tarsus 0.31 mm. r Mea Lachniella pergandei, new species. Description made from four slides selected from 25 as being representative of the different stages of the species. Ge ee ee ee =< THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 47 Apterous viviparous female.—Specimens in balsam collected by Theo. Pergande, from Pinus inops in Virginia near Washington, D.C., June 9, 1903. The prominent character of this species is the deep brown to almost jet black tibiz set with heavy leaning spines. Antenne medium slender and extending to the second pair of coxe. All segments light coloured at the base, dusky toward the tip. Sixth segment fingerlike and approximately as long as the fourth. Fifth segment with three small sensoria toward the distal end. Beak short, reaching to the base of the third pair of coxe. Tip dusky black. Nectaries conical and with a widely sloping base. Cauda bluntly angled and short. Abdomen covered with irregular black spots, a hair arising from each one. The purpose of these spots has not been determined; outside these are found other hairs or bristles, the entire body being set with numerous long spinelike hairs. The femora are brown in colour and the spines, which are not as coarse as those on the tibiz, stand more nearly upright. The tibial spines are set in a leaning position pointing toward the tarsi. Measurements.—Length of body 4.16 mm. Antennal segments: III, 0.52 min.; IV, 0.29 mm.; V, 0.31 mm.; VI, 0.25mm. Total length 1.52mm. Length of beak 1.5 mm. Hind tibie 2.39 mm. Alate viviparous female.—Specimens in balsam collected by Theo. Pergande, on Pinus inops, Catholic University, D.C., June 19, 1905, and by H. F. Wilson at D. C. July 4, 1909. Three specimens in all. Antenne dusky toward the tip, lighter at the base of the fourth segment and only the distal one-quarter of the third dusky. Legs with femora brown, tibie black. Beak black at the tip and extending slightly beyond the third pair of coxe. Antennzel moderately slend- er and reaching to the hind coxe. Segments four and five approximately equal. Fifth segment about three-fifths as long as the third, and much longer than the fourth or sixth. Third segment with six or eight round sensoria along the distal two-thirds. Fourth segment with two or three sensoria on the distal half. Nectaries as in apterous forms. Abdomen with numerous dusky spots each of which bears a spine-like hair as in the apterous form. Additional spines occur outside these areas. Entire body, legs and antenne witk numerous hairs. Measurements.—Length of body 4.08 mm. Antennal segments: III, 0.56 mm.; IV, 0.27 mm.; V, 0.29 mm.; VI, 0.25 mm. Total length 1.55mm. Length of hind tibiz 2.33 mm. (To be continued.) BOOK NOTICE. THE WINGs oF INsEcTs.—By J. H. Comstock, Ithaca, N.Y., The Comstock Publication Company. Pp. XVIII + 423, 9 plates and 427 figs. Among recent publications in the reali of entomological science few have given us more pleasure to read than Professor Comstock’s work on the wings of insects, a pleasure that arises not only from the intrinsic value of an important series of investigations thoroughly prosecuted, but also from the assurance that 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SS the subject is presented to us in logical fashion by a recognized authority. The terminology of the wing-veins of insects has always been a subject for debate, and the difficulties have not been diminished by the fact that at different times various authors have adopted systems of nomenclature that have taken little recognition of the work of others. Some authors, indeed, have not helped to. unravel the skein by using different systems even when dealing with the same order of insects. It is a matter for congratulation, therefore, that Professor Comstock has found it possible to gather together and present in book form his numerous researches and those of other workers with a view to the adoption of a uniform terminology, the well-known Comstock-Needham system. Commencing with what he considers as the most likely hypothetical type of wing-venation, the author traces out the homologies of the wing-veins and shows how the more specialized forms have arisen from the more generalized along three quite distinct lines; namely, 1. Increase in the number of wing- veins by the addition of accessory veins. 2. Increase in the number of wing- veins by the addition of intercalary veins. 8. Reduction in the number of wing-veins by the coalescence of veins, and also in many cases, by the atrophy of veins. In support of his theories Professor Comstock brings to bear informa- tion and facts laboriously gathered from the various provinces of paleontology, morphology, embryology and histology. In the first of these, judicious use is made of the careful work of Anton Handlirsch embodied in his ‘“‘Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen.’”’ Whilst on the whole Professor Comstock agrees with the views of the paleontologist, he differs with — Handlirsch in his idea that all insects had a common ancestry in the Paleodicty- optera of Devonian times. In a work that bears throughout the impress of the master-hand, it were invidious to make distinctions; but we must say that the chapter dealing with “The Basal Connections of the Trachee of the Wings of Insects,” written by one of Professor Comstock’s students, appeals to us_particularly as a very careful piece of work. It is shown that there is a strict correlation between the trachea- tion of the wings of insects and the venation, although this fact is often obscured in the adult to accord with its needs and habits. In the study of the tracheation of the wings of nymphs and of pupa the truth of the conclusion is demonstrated that the wings of all orders of insects are modifications of a single primitive type, and that consequéntly it is possible to homologise the wing-veins of any of the orders with those of any other order. In a series of nineteen chapters Professor Comstock discusses in detail numerous types of venation as found in the various orders of insects, and a valuable chapter outlining laboratory work in the study of the venation of the wings-of insects, enhances the value of the book as an aid to the teaching of the subject in universities and colleges. The student will also find an exhaustive bibliography of the more important works referred to in the text. The illustra- tions are excellent, and the explanatory letters very distinct. ae Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agri., Ottawa, Ont. A. E. CAMERON. Mailed February 28th, 1919. - Che Canadian Entomalogist Voc. .LI. - LONDON, MARCH, 1919. : No. 3 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. Doc Days. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. Almanacs heliacal and cosmic notwithstanding, sunworshippers in Canada ‘during the first fortnight of July, 1916, could hardly question the ascendancy of Sirius. The heat was so intense here, in Central Ontario, that tropical thunder- storms burst over the land every few days without ever lowering the mercury longer than a matter of hours. For certain forms of insect activity (we may safely say) it cannot be too hot, and at such times, if your observer is a real enthusiast, he will be more than busy. For my part I was enjoying the rest and leisure of summer holidays by hurrying at red-hot speed—a slow walk sufficed— to a succession of stations at four diverse radial points from the city of Peter- borough, six miles east to the Wood of Desire, eight miles south to the neigh- borhood of Hiawatha, two miles west beyond Jackson’s Park, and five miles north between Nassau and Lakefield. At the western station I was burrowing into the heart of a woodpile with results that have already been put on record. I wish here to say something of a trip I took towards Hiawatha. On July 5th I boarded the early morning train to Keene, my object being to make a general reconnaisance of the country lying between Indian and Otonabee Rivers just north of Rice Lake; a solitary tramp one April, when wild geese were wedging north, had revealed some likely looking woods, and their promise had been confirmed by a motor ride to Hiawatha and a river trip to Jubilee Point. I started out determined not to show any more bias or dis- crimination than a man who is “‘sot”’ in his few peculiar ways can help, and that was why I carried field glasses and a pocket plant-press as well as insect net and collecting bottle. On leaving Keene station, after a few uncertain questings like a hound at fault, I finally headed west, nose to the ground, and swung south at the second cross-road, in full cry for a compact-looking bush of hardwood and hemlock. Presently I came to where dense cedar aisles flanked the road on both sides. Experience had taught me to look in such places for some of the smaller Botry- chiums (ferns), and I dived into the depths. As soon as I had had time to collect myself and look about, like some Indian pearl-gatherer, I found myself staring atalarge clump of Macrae’s Coral-root (Corallorhiza striata), still in bloom though 3 weeks later than usual; quite near it were some small plants of Botry- chium simplex, while further on I found a few fairly large specimens of Botry- chium matricarie (ramosum). All this on'the west side of the road; on the east this rare Coral-root was abundant, especially some feet down a steep bank on the outskirts of the wood I had been making for. It seems to have a decided preference for sheltered roadsides and the edges of woods, especially under evergreens; though one station at least that I know of is under hardwoods. The plant, usually known as Striped Coralroot, is a western species, and in Ontario is reputed quite as rare as, say, the Evening Grosbeak among birds; in the neighborhood of Peterborough, however, it is of fairly general occurrence, t 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and I have found about a score of colonies; it is in fact Slocally rare,’’ but we happen here to be a favoured district for the plant, as we are for the bird. Once down the bank | found the adjoining wood so inviting that I stepped in and spent a couple of the morning hours wandering about in the shadows of its cloistered beech and maple. A footpath traversed the wood N. E. to a clearing partly filled with woodpiles, and close by the path I happened on several colonies of Corallorhiza multiflora just coming into bloom, and yet another “‘sicht for sair een’’ in the shape of Habenaria hookeri. For this plant I had only known a single station heretofore, a few miles north of Port Hope, and in recent years the colony had dwindled to 1 or 2 plants in a season. Here by Hiawatha I counted clese on a score of plants; it is nowhere nearly so common an orchid as its next-of-kin Habenaria orbiculata. From the shadows I emerged about 11] a.m. into the glare of the clearing and made a fairly thorough scrutiny of the woodpiles; there were no traces of longicorns about them, but buprestids (mostly Dicerca divaricata) in great numbers and astonishingly active in the fierce heat; almost as ready to take to flight on being approached as to play dead, an unusual condition for the species; two kinds of Agrilus, also, were to be seen about the piles and numbers of Chrysobothris femorata; however, these insects had all become common to me and I was free to pass on to further explorations. I could not but admire, however, the wonderful protective colouring which enabled these large, heavily built Dicercas to shuffle about over the grey bark of beech or maple almost unobserved and immune from attack; on a single small woodpile I counted upwards of 40 of these insects basking, crawling, or settling on the billets, and I brought 11 home to mark the occasion. My parting thought was how lucky I should have thought myself a few years before, as a young collector, to meet so fair a fortune face to face right on the threshold of the woods and a July holiday. ; Next I made my way to a small grove of pines on a knoll beyond a soggy pasture; here were some bushes of sweetbriar and a patch of gowans from whose blossoms I gathered a few Lepturas, pubera and proxima, Clytanthus ruricola and Typocerus lugubris—an old friend now met again for the first time since leaving Port Hope. I then crossed to the S. W. of the meadow, approaching the road along the edge of a wooded swamp. Right in the sun stood a large hemlock, its bark — glowing red in the light, and immediately in front of it were some logs of hem- lock lying; on one of the logs I spied an uncommon Dicerca with somewhat short-pronged elytra tips, noticeably stout across the back and remarkably rugose, the ridges dark grey, but the grooves and channels brilliant with a mixture of silver and rich green as of verdegris. Hardly had I captured the prize when a facsimile suddenly lit on the standing hemlock; but alas! as I approached over the rough, swampy ground, the insect flew and soaring in an upward plane was soon swallowed in space. Have you ever fed your spleen at the expense of some poor lumbering spaniel trying by a sudden dash to sur- prise a flock of sparrows feeding by the barn—for ever foiled, but never losing hope? I have, and smiled cynically at its comic look of dejection; but when cynic and hound are both in one skin, look you, the cream is off the joke. My capture hes been identified as Dicerca tenebrosa,one of the most pleasing to look ae “a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 51 at of all its genus and quite rare,—this being only the third specimen ever taken by me. Just south of where I made these captures ran a good gravel road east and west; I struck west and after two miles entered a wayside smithy for directions; here they told me that the next cross-road would take me south to Hiawatha and north to the flag station of Drummond's. Both here at the blacksmith’s and further on at a farm where I called for a drink of water, I was conscious of being eyed with suspicious looks, but since August, 1914, I had been taken for so many aliens that I gave the matter hardly a moment’s thought. To my delight I recognized at the next corner a piece of country near the Otonabee through which I had once motored, and I knew there was a fine stretch of woodland just S. W. of the cross-roads. It is always a great relief to swing out of the dusty highway with its cramped fence margins into the spaciousness of pasture and woodland. The wood was too dense at this point for floral treasures, and proved after all a very narrow belt with the river in full view just beyond some stumplands. Just north-west the axe had been recently at work levelling part of a farmer’s woodlot; there were stacks of cordwood visible, and a recent storm had taken heavy toll of timber on the newly exposed western edge. In the mid distance I spied a fallen spruce and a large limb of beech torn from its trunk. The day Was at its height and no tiniest breath of wind invaded the throbbing heat. If ever there were insects abroad here in the day-time, it would be now. My first venture was the fallen spruce, but nothing was to be seen about its rough, scaly bark, or among the branches and foliage. In falling, however, it had struck and heavily ‘“‘blazed” a nearby balsam fir; this tree was languish- ing, for the foliage had gone brown. On examining the tree closely, I found just beside the grazed patch of bark (which was oozing resin freely) a fine speci- men—a large female—of X ylotrechus undulatus ovipositing, and then, somewhat lower, a male of the same species; these beetles I had seldom taken before, and had indeed been uncertain as to which of our conifers it attacked. But I was able to make good use of my discovery, and secured later in the season over a score of the insects in the Algonquin Park. The other tree infested by it is the hemlock, and very rarely I have captured a specimen on spruce. Both these beetles were on the sunny side of the tree, and when I worked round to the shady side no more of their kind were to be seen; but I soon detected—courting the shadow as usual—a pair of Acanthocinus obsoletus; this was of some interest, for I had never before taken the species on any tree but white pine, where it is fairly frequent. Examination of several other balsams brought no fresh captures and I determined to move on towards the S. W., where fire had run between the belt of woodland and the river. A path took me right past the broken limb of beech, part of which lay along the ground. Beech had never before brought me any captures of longicorns, and I was passing on with only a casual glance when I was stopped short by a discovery that proved the forerunner of many interesting captures during the dog-days of 1916. It was a small specimen of Neoclytus erythrocephalus that I spied running along one of the branches of the fallen limb. I suppose this insect is fairly common, a few specimens were once sent me from near the Rideau by an old friend who had noticed them racing over some fresh-cut 52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ logs and branches of maple; about 4 years ago I captured 3 or 4 on some newly- lopped branches of hawthorn. But they are quite a difficult insect to capture; in my experience they are even more active than Neoclytus muricatulus, a black species with white or grey pubescence, occurring on white pine. So far as I have been able to observe (by a comparison of these two species of Neoclytus with Xylotrechus undulatus and colonus), the former have a far better title to the name X ylotrechus than the latter, which are much more sedate and leisurely in their movements; both species of Neoclytus are expert and habitual “‘log- runners,” as the word X ylotrechus implies; they have extremely long hind legs and travel at a great rate, zig-zag or spiral, even leaping or dropping from one branch to another, by long odds one of the nimblest of our longicorns; in hot sun, they are quite as active on the wing as in running and dodging. Indeed, they are seldom at rest, except momentarily when breeding, or while ovipositing in shadow on the under side of the limbs and branches. In about half an hour I had captured 3 specimens and lost 2 more; I found that they soon returned, after escape by dropping or flight, to the log or limb of their choice. Besides these, on the broken trunk and upper part of the torn limb I captured an A grilus that was new to me, 5 or 6 specimens,—A grilus obsoletoguttatus. About a quarter of a mile farther on I came across an old hollowed beech, which the same storm had broken off near the root; the tree had been partly dead before its fall and appeared to be even more attractive than the sounder wood of the torn limb. I captured 5 Neoclytus erythrocephalus, including a breeding pair which I detectéd perfectly motionless on the under side of a small branch; several more Agrilus obsoletoguttatus and 2 Agrilus bilineatus. These were all captured from above or the sides, on the branches and limbs; before leaving I stooped to look at the under side of the trunk which was a couple of feet up from the ground and parallel with it. I immediately became aware of a grey longicorn—indeed a pair—and by lying down under the tree I was enabled to make captures at several points on the lower surface; 4 Urographis fasciatus, 1 Hoplosia nubila and 1 Neoclytus colonus; none of my readers, if interested in Cerambycide, will deny that this was reward enough for a certain discomfort of body; but, I have, sometimes, since, in atrabilious humour, pictured myself a middle-aged plumber of palpably inattenuate bulk, engaged in driving rivets up into the under side of many-jointed boilers and squat kitchen stoves. On my way back to the road, I captured on raspberry foliage a specimen of Oberea having the thorax entirely light creamy brown, the body, legs, wings, and scutellum being black. This was the last of my captures that day, but the observations led eventually to quite a series of finds and really opened a fresh field of investigation for my tramps abroad. The heat lasted on, and I managed a few days later to make a trip to the east section of the Wood of Desire, where beech trees are numerous; I figured on the storm which had taken toll so heavily near Hiawatha, having swept the west or windward side of that wood, and sure enough, I found nearly a dozen beeches down. On four of them, longicorns were busy; and on two that had come down together with roots intertwined, I captured 8 specimens of Xylo- trechus colonus and 34 of Urographis fasciatus. Only trees in full sunshine seemed to be attractive, and the weather was unusually hot. I have examined beech assiduously all through July since 1916, and though I have made an THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 53 occasional capture, I have never taken insects in any great abundance. My experience has been very similar in the case of basswood, white pine, poplar, balsam and spruce; an occasional haul, but usually little or nothing; and even less on the harder wood of elm, maple, ash, butternut, hickory and oak. Theories are dangerous, but I incline to think that some sense of smell—probably sap or vegetable juices fermenting in the hot sun—releases the reproductive impulse in these woodborers and brings them in ever-growing numbers from all parts of a wood to the few windfalls that their instinct ‘‘senses’’ as the proper nursery of their race. It was in piecing out such problems as these in the late afternoon of July 5th, 1916, in ruminating over the day’s take, and in planning my next campaign, that I beguiled my way along the last few miles of this 12-hour jaunt. On arriving home I found that the weather man had recorded 98 degrees Fahr. in the shade, and when I caught sight of myself in the bathroom mirror I realized why I had been the object of so many suspicious looks. My face was tanned to the colour of a well-boiled lobster and smeared with muddy streaks that had once been summer dust; my tie had disappeared and my collar wilted to the form and semblance of a dirty handkerchief; the philosopher’s dignity was further impaired by the revelation of a large, 3-cornered rent in one trouser leg. I was really lucky to have made my way home through more than a mile of populous city streets unarrested, if not unrecognized. NATIONAL COLLECTION OF INSECTS. Dr. J. McDunnough has been appointed Assistant Entomologist, in the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, to have charge of the National Collection of Insects. Canadian Entomologists will welcome the return of Dr. McDunnough to his native country, and his appointment to a position in which he will be able to devote his extensive knowledge of system- atic entomology to the care and building up of the National Collection. AN ENTOMOLOGIST’S HANDBOOK. An entomologist’s handbook or compendium is very much needed, espe- cially by economic entomologists. It is planned to compile such a handbook, which will include principles and methods of studying the life histories of insects, of conducting field experiments and demonstrations, handy tables for field work- ers, etc. It is desired to have references, or better, to have separates of all published notes dealing directly or indirectly with the subject and to have details, and if possible drawings or photographs as well, of cages, apparatus, methods, etc., as yet unpublished. The handbook will be a compilation and full credit given to all contributions. The co-operation of entomologists is solicited. Joun J. Davis, Box 95, West Lafayette, Indiana. 54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST THE CYRTID GENERA THYLLIS AND MEGALYBUS. BY F. R. COLE, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, FOREST GROVE, ORE. The genus 7hyllis was established by Dr. Erichson in a monograph of the Cyrtide published in 1840. Four species were described in this paper, all from Capeland, South Africa. In the year 1865 Dr. Philippi described six species of Cyrtide from Chile, for which he erected the genus Megalybus. In 1868 Schiner gave notes on two Chilean species in his ‘‘Reise der Novara,”’ recognizing in these two forms two of the species described by Philippi a few years before. In this paper Schiner placed Megalybus as a synonym of Thyllis. In a note he stated that there was no doubt in his mind that the genera were the same, at least no character was given that would justify separation. In the two species before him he noted that the eyes met above and below the antennz and he continues, “‘whether this is the case with all Megalybus species I cannot say, were it so, those Megalybus species in which the eyes do not come together under the antenne would be in another genus, that would then differ from Philopota in the wing venation, from Thyllis by the eyes not joining under the antenne.”’ In 1876 Westwood described four species from Chile, stating “the names here employed for this genus and its four species were found attached to the specimens in Mss. when purchased, and have been retained, although, I believe, they have never been published.’’ Evidently Westwood had not seen Philippi’s above mentioned paper, for all four species were synonyms of those described by Philippi and had perhaps been named from his collection. Neither did West- wood compare the genus Megalybus with Thyllis, to which it is so nearly related. In his generic description he states that the eyes are contiguous above and below the antenne. It would appear then that Schiner was correct in his synonym, but unfortun- ately all of the Chilean species of this group do not have the eyes touching be- neath the insertion of the antenne. My attention was called to this point when examining specimens of what I take to be Megalybus gracilis Phil. in the U. S. National Museum. There are three specimens collected in Chile by Mr. E. C. Reed. All have the eyes distinctly separated below the antenne. Mr. J. R. Malloch informs me that all of his Chilean species of the genus Megalybus have the eyes separated below the antenne. Verrall, in his “British Diptera,” considers Megalybus as a distinct genus. It may be that one sex has the eyes contiguous below the antenne and the other has not; if so, it is something occurring nowhere else in the family. It is my opinion that the genera should be considered as distinct, although they are very closely allied, as can be seen from the figures. The species of Thyllis which I have figured has two median dorsal ridges on the mesothorax, which are not present in the Chilean species of Megalybus. There are five genera in the Cyrtide belonging to the remarkable group Philopotine, if we consider Megalybus as a genus, the others being Thyllis, Philopota, Terphis and Helle. They are distinguished from all other Diptera by the remarkable development of the prothoracic humeral lobes, which meet in front of the thorax in these forms. Most of the species have a grotesque, hump-backed appearance. Some of the literature on the two genera under discussion is rather in- accessible and I give a translation of the descriptions below. March, 1919 © ais tat i i ee ed ee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 2 59 Thyllis Erichson. ‘The proboscis has nearly the length of the body; it nearly but not quite reaches to the tip of the abdomen. The shield, lying at the base of the proboscis, projects somewhat in the form of a ‘‘Halbrinne.’’ The antennz are very small, the first joint exceedingly short, the second pear-shaped, the tip prolonged into a-bristle. The pilose eyes are very large, contiguous in the middle line of the head, only that on the front arched side of the head there is a small triangular space for the face, a very small triangle on the vertex and also below the middle, island-like, a small rounded place, on the under side of which, but free from it, are placed the antenne. On the somewhat raised vertex are three inconspicuous ocelli. Behind the eyes the head is considerably prolonged cylindrically. The head is moderately small. The thorax is convex, somewhat bowed or hunch-backed, the dorsal pieces of the prothorax are proportionately large, with the inner corners contiguous, and with the broadened anterior margin encroaching on the hind margin of the head. The separate segments of the abdomen are quite apparent. The wings have a complete submarginal cell, five incomplete posterior cells, of which the first takes in the tip of the wing, and two complete, long, slender discal cells. The body is thinly clothed with fine, short, recumbent, almost silk-like pile. Cyrtus, under which genus (Acrocera) Fabricius and Wiedemann placed the one species described by them, is easily separated from these flies by the situation of the antennz. It is more closely related, particularly in the structure of the thorax and the greatly developed prothorax, to Philopota. In venation it is intermediate between the two. In common with Terphis it has the eyes con- tiguous under the insertion of the antenne.”’ The following is a translation of Erichson’s descriptions of his four species. Thyllis crassa. Black, red mottled, anterior margin of prothorax, curved lateral meso- thoracic stripes and marginal fasciz of abdomen yellow, costal region of wings fuscous. Length 214-314 lines. Acrocera crassa Fab., Syst. Ent., 332,2. Cyrtus crassus Wied., Ausser. Zweifl. Ins., II, 15,4. Body black, finely cinereous pubescent. Prothorax rufous, anterior margin yellow, lobes on both sides with a median black spot. Mesothoracic dorsum on both sides with a lateral curved yellow stripe bordered rufous, above scutellum twin reddish spots, posterior calli before scutellum with median testaceous stripe; pleura with a reddish spot before insertion of wings. Scutellum with an apical rufous fascia. Abdomen swollen, each segment reddish apically, apical fascia attenuated on both sides, interrupted in the middle, yellow. Legs rufous, fermora blackish, apex yellowish. Wings hyaline, costal vitta before apex marked fuscous. Squame hyaline. Wiedemann described all the markings as yellow, Fabricius pointed out the presence of red at !east on incisures of the abdomen. Thyllis turgida. Black, marked reddish, outer and posterior margin of prothorax, and lateral mark on mesothorax yellow, wings fuscous hyaline, toward the costa fuscous. Length 4 lines. 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Body finely ashy pubescent. Thorax black and red marked, prothorax rufous, anterior and posterior margin yellow, lateral subarcuate obsolete vitta on dorsum of mesothorax and posterior calli before scutellum yellow. Scutellum all red. Abdomen swollen, first segment black, narrow apical margin yellow, the rest rufous, base of 2-4 fuscous, apex of 4-6 with yellow margin. Legs reddish brown, unspotted. Wings fuseous hyaline, costal vitta wholly brown. Squame hyaline. Near the foregoing species but somewhat larger; the prothorax also has the hind margin yellow, the yellow band on the side of the mesodorsum is simply bowed, on the wings the light part is brownish, and the brown colour on the veins reaches to the tip; the femora are entirely red, and without yellow tips. Thyllis obesa. Black, anterior and posterior margin of prothorax, sides of mesothorax, scutellum and posterior part of abdominal segments yellowish, wings hyaline, fuscous toward costa. Length 4 lines. Body finely ashy pubescent, black. Anterior and posterior margin of prothorax, dorsum of mesothorax on both sides with an arcuate marginal vitta and posterior calli before scutellum yellow. Scutellum black, yellow margined. Abdomen swollen, each segment above with terminal belt of yellow. Legs brown, femora from base to beyond middle black. Wings hyaline, costal strip fuscous, abbreviated before apex, rest of costa testaceous. Squamez whitish hyaline. | In form similar to the two species above, somewhat more finely punctate and in colouring without a mixture of red, therein differing from Th. crassa, which also has the hind margin of the prothorax yellow and the lateral bands on dorsum of thorax are simply bowed. The yellow bands on abdomen are all of like size. The wings are coloured as in Th. crassa, the veins themselves are, however, not brown, as the bands lying back of them, but brownish yellow. Thyllis compressa. Black, thorax compressed, on both sides with a longitudinal brown vitta and a posterior brown spot, abdomen oblong, ferruginous, segments with basal bilobed black spots. . Length 3 lines. Head black, frons a small spot, brown. Thorax gibbous, compressed, above on both sides with a longitudinal stripe, from anterior margin thence gradually attenuated to base of scutellum, almost straight, reddish at termination, before scutellum two small spots, oblong, marked yellow, posterior calli before scutellum yellow vittate. Scutellum thick, bordered rufous, with a median apical yellow spot. Abdomen as the thorax much less highly arched (than usual), oblong, parallel sided, apex rounded, convex above, brown, segments with two dorsal black spots confluent at base, a small intermediate spot of yellow included, the lateral margin and venter all yellow. Legs yellow, femora brown, base fuscous. Wings all fusco-hyaline. Squame whitish hyaline. In the laterally compressed form widely differing from the foregoing species, at first glance appears nearer a Philopota. / All four species are from Cape Land. The third is in the Drege collection, the others are from the material sent by Krebs. ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a¢ a Below is the description of a species of Thvilis loaned by Prof. A. L. Melander which may prove to be an undescribed species when more material is collected. It is near 7. compressa Erich. Thyllis, sp. near compressa Erich. Head rather flat in front. Eyes short blackish pilose and meeting above and below the antennz (see Figs. 2b and 2c). It will be noticed that there is a line between the eyes below the antenne. Antenne brownish, the small first joint scarcely visible. Ocellar tubercle very small and with three ocelli. The occiput is black and punctate. Frons reduced to a tiny triangular shining black space. Proboscis does not quite reach tip of abdomen, black at base, brown the rest of the distance, lobes at tip of galea rather short. Thorax black, marked with yellow and red, the pile rather short, fine and ashy coloured. There is a very noticeable ridge each side of the median line of the dorsum (see fig. 2a). The prothorax is very remarkably developed as in others of the group and is mostly pale yellow. It is butterfly-shaped as seen from above, marked with reddish brown on the lateral margins, and on either side of a median black spot. There is a yellow crescent rimmed with brown above the base of the wing and a smaller spot just back of it. Two oval yellow spots just in front of scutellum. Postalar calli pale mottled brownish, black in the depression just back of the wing. Scutellum black with yellow margin, the yellow expanded in the middle. Pleura black with a reddish brown spot on mesopleura. Halteres yellow. Abdomen rather short and thick. First segment very short. Segments 2-5 increasing slightly in length, the incisures deep and clearly marked. Second ‘segment broadest, the following gradually decreasing. Colour of abdomen mostly brownish red, all segments except sixth black basally. A median line of yellow spots on the posterior border of each segment, the yellow surrounded by a brownish red which nearly reaches the base of the segment. Lateral margin of abdomen narrowly whitish yellow as in the margin of the fifth segment. Venter yellowish. Squamz whitish hyaline with a sparse fringe of short hairs. Very little of genitalia projecting in the female. Coxe and bases of femora blackish. Tibiz, tarsi, tips and part of under- side of femora yellow. Claws black, yellow at base. Venation typical of genus. Wing veins on anterior half of wing strong and blackish. Veins from posterior cells do not reach posterior margin of wing. Wing membrane strongly rippled, infuscated, darker in costal region. Length 5 mm, measured over dorsum of thorax 7mm. One female specimen from Willowmore, Capetown, S. Africa, collected by Dr. Brauns. Specimen in collection of Prof. A. L. Melander. Below is given a translation of Philippi’s description of the genus Megalybus and its six species published at Vienna in 1865 in the K. K. Zool. bot. gesellsch. Verhandl., V, 15, p. 641-644. The head is very strongly bowed (geneigt), rounded, composed almost entirely of the eyes, behind which a very prominent ring-like occiput is to be seen, that is, however, smaller than the front part of the head. The eyes are dark brown and pilose. The small ocellar triangle shows the usual three ocelli. In the middle of the height of the head when one sees it in profile, projects a small, smooth knob between the eyes, and under this are situated the small o8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST apparently two-jointed antenna, whose first two joints combined are hardly twice as long as this knob; the second (actually the third) is rounded and ends in a fine bristle. The proboscis is long, pointing back under the body, split at the end into two thread-like lips, which are somewhat curled up. The palpi are (as in M. pictus) very small, awl-shaped, horizontal. The thorax is as large as the abdomen, extraordinarily gibbous, that is, the mesothorax is raised high so that the abdomen forms a right angle with the forepart, of the thorax; pro- thorax, mesothorax and metathorax are clearly separated by sutures.—The abdomen is cylindrical, thick or slender, six-segmented, but the first segment is very short; all segments separated by deep incisures.—The wing venation is “nearest Cyrtus, but it is characteristic, namely the cell which takes in the tip of the wingis not petiolate as in Cyrtus. The squame are convex, thick, glass- like. The legs are simple; the tibia somewhat thickened at the end, entirely unarmed, the claws large, there are two ‘“Haftlappen.”” + ‘’The adult insect is found on flowers; the larve live, it would seem in wood, at least my son Karl, in Dec. 1863, found a fly of this genus just crawling out of a tree: “1. Megalybus pictus Ph. M. niger, helvolo-pictus, antennis capitesque nigris, rostro helvolo; thorace vittis interruptis helvolis notato; abdomine crasso, maculis ternis triangula1ibus helvolis in quovis segmento picto; alis ante apicem fascia abbreviata nigra ornatis; femoribus nigris, genubus, tibiis tarsisque flavis. Length 3 lines, expanse of wings 5% lines. ‘Habitat in the province of Santiago. ‘The prothorax is clearly differentiated, black, rimmed light yellow, has a short furrow in the middle, and its hind margin forms two corners. The meso- thorax is of great height, has on the fore part four short, light yellow stripes, of which the side ones are strongly curved, and as many shorter stripes in the posterior part. The hind margin of the scutellum is yellow. On each side of the scutellum is a yellow dot between the edge of the mesothorax and the glass- like squame. “2. M. crassus Ph. M. thorace maxime gibboso, rufo, strigis helvolis et castaneis picto; abdomine crasso, supra nigro-castaneo, et in medio marginis postici segmentorum macula parva triangulari flava notato, lateribus potius, ferrugineo, marginibus flavescentibus, alis hyalinis fusco-bimaculatis; pedibus e ferrugineo luteis. Length 31/3 lines, expanse of wings8Y%lines. (See figure). ‘Captured in province of Valdivia. ‘The head is brownish, the proboscis reaches three-fourths the length of the body. The antenne are light brown and the prominence above them white. The prothorax is light rust brown with whitish yellow margins; the mesothorax is of the same ground colour and marked with the same whitish yellow stripes as M. pictus, but in the middle is deep chestnut-brown, and is highly arched in a very remarkable manner. The scutellum is dark chestnut brown, with whitish yellow margins. Also the abdomen is dark chestnut brown, with small triangular whitish yellow spots on the middle of the posterior margin of the second, third, fourth and fifth segments, on the sides rust brown with pale yellow margins. The wings have a blackish cross-band shortly before the tip, — which reaches to the anterior margin, but ceases some distance from the posterior PLATE II. CAN: ENT., VOL. LI RSD FSS WON 1) ALYBUS ‘el Lx THE CYRTID GENERA THYLLIS AND ME( 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST margin, and a blackish cloud in the middle. The legs are entirely yellow, and. the femora hardly noticeably darker. “3. M. obesus Ph. M. rufo-castaneus; antennisque nigris; thorace vittis tribus nigris, maculisque sex helvolis picto; abdomine crasso, ad medium margin- um posticorum segmentorum macula parva helvola notato, ad latera immaculato; alis fusco-bimaculatis; pedibus rufo-fuscis, femoribus piceis. Length 34 lines, expanse of wings almost 9 lines. ‘Specimen prope Corral estate 18624 lectum est. ‘“The proboscis is yellowish, the frontal prominence over the antenne yellow- ish white. Of the spots on the thorax two are before the scutellum, another on either side before the base of the wing, and one on each side before the end of the scutellum. The fifth abdominal segment has a narrow yellow posterior margin, which coalesces with the yellow spot in the middle of the same. The abdomen is dull, the base of all the segments is clothed with fine reclinate hair, which gives the effect, that they shimmer gray in certain lights. This is the thickest and largest species and separated from M. crassus through the lack of yellow colour on the sides of the margins of the abdominal:segments. By closer observation the whole colouring is seen to be quite different. “4. MM. gracilis Ph. M. corpore obscure brunneo; thorace quam maxime gibboso, flavo-picto; abdominis tenuis, cylindrici, apici incrassati segmentis lateribus helvolo-marginatis; pedum luteorum femoribus supra fuscescentibus; alis infuscatis, immaculatis. Length 31% lines, Expanse of wings 7 lines. “Inhabiting the province of Valdivia. ‘The dark brown eyes are white pilose, the antenne brown, the frontal protuberance above the same whitish yellow, the light yellow proboscis is hardly half as long as the body. The thorax is brown, clothed with yellowish hair in front and ornamented with pale yellow marks. The prothorax has a yellow margin, the mesothorax is marked with four short yellow stripes above, with two short yellow stripes above the scutellum and a yellow stripe on each side, which commences back of the base of the wing. The scutellum is unmarked above, brown, but the underside is yellowish. The abdomen is very thin, cylindrical, thickened posteriorly; the second segment is as long as wide, smaller posteriorly, the third segment at least 11% times as long as broad, the fourth similar, the fifth of the same length, but thickened posteriorly, the sixth segment is small, directed downward, not visible from above. The colour on the dorsum is dark brown, on the side each segment has a yellow spot, becoming broader posteriorly ; the fourth and fifth have above in the middle of the posterior margin a small yellow spot, which on the fifth segment coalesces with the (also yellow) hind margin. The venter is yellowish. The wings are infuscated, brownish gray, unspotted. “5. M. tristis Ph. M. corpore nigro, sub-unicolore; thorace minus gibboso, flavo-punctato; abdominis gracilis segmento primo lateribus, tertio in margine postico flavis; pedibus ferrugineis, femoribus atris, basi tibiarum nigricante; alis infuscatis, nubecula centrali obscuriore. Length of body 3% lines, expanse of wings 6 lines. ‘Taken in my Valdivian estate at San Juan, of which I have frequently spoken. “The yellow proboscis is about half as long as the body or only a little THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 61 longer. The thorax is back and lacks the yellow stripes. Also the prothorax has no yellow margin, and only the raised edges, which separate the middle from the side parts of the same, have in their posterior region a yellow colouring. The Mesothorax is almost always very strongly arched but not so unusually as in M. gracilis or M. crassus. Over the base of the wing on either side is a small circular, yellow spot, and four of the same on the posterior margin before the scutellum, of which the outer are the larger. Also the downwardly directed tip of the scutellum is yellowish. The abdomen is of the same slender form as in the preceding species, but entirely black with the-exception of the narrow poster- ior margin of the fifth segment, which is yellow; on the third and fourth segment _ only the lower half of the posterior margin is yellow, and on the second segment _is likewise furnished with a yellow posterior margin. The legs are in general dark brown, the tibiz lighter, the femora deep black, at the lower end with a yellow ring; also the ends of the tibie are yellowish. The wings are infuscated and have a dark cloud in the middle. At first glance one could take this species to be a colour variety of M. gracilis, but the height of the thorax is very different, etc. “6. M. subcylindricus Ph. M. niger, margine prothoracis, vittis interruptis mesothoracis, margine posteriore lateribusque segmentorum abdominis cylindrici, crassiusculi flavis; alis infumatis; pedibus luteo-ferrugineis, femoribus nigris. Length of body 234 lines, expanse of wings 41% lines. “One specimen taken with the previous species. “The head is black, frontal protuberance and proboscis yellow. The pro- thorax has a yellow hind margin and now and then the anterior margin is yellow- ish brown. The mesothorax is highly arched for this genus, somewhat as in M. tristis, and has in front four abbreviated yellow stripes and four similar stripes posteriorly. The margin of the scutellum and the sides of the mesothorax are yellow. The abdomen is not nearly so slender as in M. gracilis and tristis, but much thinner than in M. pictus and crassus; the first segment is clearly visible, the second broader than the following, but the same length as these, the third, fourth and fifth are apparently as broad as long. The sides and posterior margins of these segments yellow and the margins have a yellow spot in the form of a triangle in the median section of the dorsum. The wings are infuscated, unspotted, yet a darker cloud can be made out in the middle. The legs are dark as in M. tristis. : Through the kindness of Mr. F. Knab I obtained the loan of three specimens of a species of Megalybus from Chile which I have mentioned in the first part of this paper. They are probably M. gracilis Phil. and I give a description below: Head black, occiput ring-like and with a rim next to the prothorax (see fig. 1). The occiput is finely punctate and with fine white pile. Eyes with fine, short white pile, the facets very small. Ocellar tubercle triangular and raised only slightly. The head appears round from in front and more than a hemisphere viewed in profile. The small triangular frons projects somewhat and is black at the base, the lower half being ivory white. The antennz are small, yellowish brown, contiguous at the base, the first joint scarcely visible, the third ending in the usual bristle. The eyes are separated below the antennz by almost the _ width of the frons at the widest part (see fig. la). The proboscis reaches almost to the tip of the abdomen, brownish at the base, otherwise yellowish, and ends 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST in two long slender lobes which are curled up and give the appearance of being jointed beyond the middle. (See fig. 1). Prothorax remarkably developed as in others of the group, dull black, finely punctate, and with yellow margins. The thorax is of like colour and texture, short shining white pilose posteriorly and laterally, the rest brownish pilose. Two widely separated, short yellow lines on the anterior mesonotum, and a yellow curved mark outside these on the lateral margin. Two oval yellow spots in front of the scutellum, and a yellow spot above the postalar callosities which runs down across them. Scutellum black with a yellow hind margin. Pleurz black with a yellow mark in front of the wing. Abdomen black, the lateral margins yellow, broadly on the second, the yellow reaching across on posterior margins of segments some distance. First segment very short. On the dorsal margin of the second, third and fourth are small median yellow triangles. The sixth segment is black with a yellow margin. Squame with narrow margin and almost transparent. membrane. The pile on the abdomen is rather short, recumbent and shining in certain lights. Legs yellow, femora blackish brown, pale beneath, the base and tips yellow. Tibiz and tarsi yellowish brown. Wing venation typical, the membrane strong- ly rippled and infuscated light brown. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. Fig. 1. Megalybus gracilis Ph. la. Outline drawing of head from front and greatly enlarged figure of frons and the region around it. Fig. 2, Thyllis compressa? Erich. 2a. Head and thorax from above. 2b. Outline of head fron front. 2c. Drawing showing eyes meeting above and below the insertion of the antenne. AN APPEAL FROM BELGIUM. The following letter has been received from the Curator of the Entomo- logical Section of the Royal Museum of Natural History of Belgium: Translation. : Brussels, 11—1—1919. Dear Sir: It is absolutely necessary that you write some notices in the American scientific journals in order to save the Selys Catalogue. I have lost twenty subscriptions in Europe and I must retrieve them in the United States. Financial aid from the de Selys family is impcssible for a long time. Each new subscription will bring a little capital to the reconstitution of this work which can be brought to a termination with a little energy and with the aid of all. The great institutions, libraries, etc., ought to put some of their pennies into subscriptions. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST * 63 Here we have suffered much from the slow and inexorable hunger, from the nervous depression of our abominable slavery that no one can describe. Our museum and our collections are saved, but I have lost one of my two sons who was at the front, a fine boy of 24 years, a captain of engineers. I have lost a part of my small fortune and my health, but more-I fear that the sufferings from hunger have compromised the future of my younger son and of my grand- children. The balance sheet is sad, and I have little courage to take it up. I would not, however, see the Catalogue, to which I have devoted myself for years, founder. This is why I call for your aid. Write to your entomological friends and sustain me, Yours sorrowfully, G. SEVERIN. The Baron Edmond de Selys Longchamps (1813-1990) was known as the chief authority on the taxonomy and geographical distribution of the Odonata. He formed an extensive collection of these insects and of other “neuropteroids”’ from all parts of the world, and of the vertebrates and some other grcups of Europe. These collections were presented, after his death, to the Brussels Museum by his two sons. The publication of the Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif des Collecitons Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps, ‘‘designed to realize the supreme desire of their late possessor and at the same time to serve science,’’ was begun in 1906 under the care of the two sons, M. Severin and a number of zoologists, who interlook, as specialists, the preparation of certain parts thereof. It was planned to appear in 32 fascicules of a varying number of pages, of large quarto size, illustrated by text figures and some plates. The subscription price for the complete work was fixed at 25 centimes (20 centimes for the fasci- cules on Orthoptera, Lepidoptera and Vertebrata) per page of text, 2.75 francs per coloured plate and 2 francs per black and white plate, with an increase of 25 per cent. for subscriptions to separate parts only. At the beginning of the war 21 fascicules had appeared, treating of the Orthoptera, Embiide, Perlodides, Megaloptera, Trichoptera, Ascalaphide, Libelluline, Corduline, Aeschninze, Birds, Mammals, Amphibia and Fishes, at a total price of 703.50 francs. The eight fascicules on the Libelluline by Dr. F. Ris, of Rheinau, Switzerland, constitute the most extensive monograph on that subfamily ever produced, and several other groups have been dealt with a similar fashion. Several fascicules are in such an advanced state of preparation or of printing that they can be issued in a short time. There are many reasons—scientific, humanitarian, international, appreci- ative of the nation which has suffered so fearfully—why the Selysian catal »gue should be carried to completion, and it is to be hoped that readers of this apreal will personally do all in their power to aid in this accomplishment by inducing _ institutions which they can influence to subscribe. All correspondence relating to subscriptions should be addressed to M. G. Severin, Musee Royal d'Histoire Naturelle, 31 Rue Vautier, Bruxelles, Belgium. PHILtip P. CALVERT, University of Pennsylvania. 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST THE DIPTEROUS GENUS IMITOMYIA TNS. (HIMANTOSTOMA LW.). BY J. M. ALDRICH, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. Loew described Himantostoma sugens as number 87 of his Fourth Century of N. A. Diptera, in Berliner Ent. Zeitschrift for 1863. He appended a note describing the genus as new also; it contained but the one species, based on a single male specimen, the locality being given as Illinois. Until recent years this genus remained an enigma to dipterists. Coquillett in his Revision of N. A. Tachinidz, 1897, 40, mentions it among those unknown to him. Adams, in Williston’s Manual, 1908, 377, lists it among those which he canrfot place in his table. Townsend, however, states in his Taxonomy of the Muscoidean Flies, 1908, 126, that he has seen the type; without further - comment he places it in his tribe Clistomorphini, family Phasiide. Later (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XIV, 49, 1912) he proposes Imitomyia to replace Himan- tostoma, which is preoccupied by Agassiz in Coelenterata in 1862; this time he refers the genus without comment to tribe Eutherini, subfamily Pseudodexiine, family Exoristide. In 1915 Harrison E. Smith published the new genus and species, Saskatche- wania canadensis (Can. Ent., XLVII, 153), based on two males and four females taken at Farwell Creek, Saskatchewan. A few months later when visiting me he stated that Dr. Townsend believed this to be the long-lost Himantostoma sugens. On June 18, 1918, I collected thirteen females of sugens at Minot, N.D., on flowers of ox-eye daisy growing in low ground (slough or hay land among small timber) near the Mouse River just above the city. One of these I later sent to Nathan Banks at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, who compared it with the type of swgens and pronounced it the same species. My material exactly fits Mr. Smith’s excellent description of Saskatchewania canadensis, and was taken about 60 miles from the southeast corner of Saskatchewan. Since the species has been rediscovered in the northern plains region, it would appear quite likely that the original specimen came from there also. Osten Sacken received much material from Robert Kennicott (see his Record of My Life Work, p. 35), who collected in Illinois as well as in the far north for him; so there was an opportunity for error before the specimens reached Osten Sacken. In 1897 Thalhammar (Termesz. Fiizetek, XX, 145) described a Himan- tostoma hungarica from Hungary. Bezzi in the Palearctic Catalogue made this a synonym of Ancistrophora miku Schiner. The genus was described by Professor Bezzi in Boll. de Lab. Zool. Portici, XII, 86-93, 1917. Here he recognizes hungarica as a valid species of Himan- tostoma, and describes a species from North Africa as H. mochti. In receiving this paper from the author in 1918, I sent him a specimen of the type species sugens, and he has since informed me that neither of the old-world species is congeneric; hungarica he puts back as it was in his catalogue, and has proposed a new genus for mochi, which is still I believe unpublished. A new description of the genus and species is unnecessary, since Mr. Smith has given a complete one which is readily accessible. I will add, however, that in the table in Coquillett’s revision Imitomyia will come out at couplet 6, page 30, where it separates by possessing a long, slender proboscis and very striking flat facial carina; and in Adams’s table it runs to couplet 10, p. 361, where it~ separates on the same characters. March, 1919 ee eee ee se THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 65 SOME NEW OR SCARCE COLEOPTERA FROM WESTERN AND SOUTHERN FLORIDA.—III. BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, IND. (Continued from p. 32.) Molorchus semiustus Newm.—One specimen taken by beating in Skin- ners’ Hammock, March 9. Usually classed as a variety of bimaculatus Say, but aside from the nearly uniform reddish-brown hue, it is stouter, with broader more depressed thorax, the sides of which are less rounded and disk without the smooth callosities present in bimaculatus. It has previously been known only from St. John’s Bluff and Crescent City, Fla. Neoclytus erythrocephalus Fabr.—One specimen taken at same place as the two preceding, Feb. 16. Schwarz (Ms.) notes its occurrence at Enter- prize and Crescent City. Leptostylus parvus Lec.—One taken at light in house at Lakeland, Feb’ 22. Schwarz (Ms.) records it from Lake Worth and Key West. Labidomera clivicollis Kirby.—I was surprised to find this large, well- known Chrysomelid not listed from Florida. Two specimens were beaten from bunches of dead leaves, where they were hibernating, in February at Skinner’s Hammock. j Galerucella nymphzez Linn.—This is usually supposed to be a species of strictly northern distribution. Five specimens were obtained from the flowers of the yellow water-lily, Nymphea advena Sol., near Moore Haven, Fla., on March 2. It is possible that the species may have been introduced near there from Northern Europe, where it is said to be common. Disonycha leptolineata Blatch.—Farther examination of 30 or more specimens taken during the past two winters leads me to believe this distinct and not a variety of D. abbreviata as described.* It occurs on ferns in Skinner’s Hammock in February and March, and has also been found at Lakeland and Lake Istokpoga. _ Longitarsus fuscicornis, sp. nov.—Oblong-oval. Shorter and more convex than L. testaceus Lec. Pale brownish yellow, not alutaceous, head and hind femora slightly darker; elytra with a vague darker, W-shaped, scutellar blotch; antennz fuscous, the four basal joints pale; under surface dusky brown. Antenne rather stout, two-thirds as long as body, the second, third and fourth joints subequal in length, shorter than those which follow. Thorax slightly wider than long, sides feebly curved, rounded into base, disk very minutely and sparsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, rather strongly convex, umbones evident but small, punctures of disk very fine, almost invisible. Wings present. Length 1.3-1.5 mm. Described from four specimens swept from low vegetation about ponds near Dunedin, Oct. 26—Dec. 13. Differs from both testaceus and cotula, our other species of similar hue, by the fuscous antennz and the lack of the greasy aspect which they have, due to their alutaceous surface. The form is com- paratively more robust than in either, and the punctuation finer. Longitarsis solidaginis Horn.—Two specimens taken by sweeping north of Dunedin, March 20 and 25. Known only from Sumter and Orange Counties, Florida. *Can. Ent., 1917, 143, March, 1919 66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Cheetocnema cribrifrons Lec.—Taken at Dunedin by sweeping in February. Horn gives its distribution as Colorado, Texas, Dakota, Georgia and California.* This is the first record for Florida. Epitrix parvula Fab.—Horn says of this species: ‘Occurs throughout the entire U.S. extending also to the West India Islands.” It has not been reperted from Florida. A specimen was taken by sweeping on Hog Island, March 26. Bruchus coryphz Oliv.—One specimen beaten from a mass of Spanish moss near Dunedin, Dec. 28. No .previous published record for the State. Schwarz (Ms.) notes its occurrence at St. Augustine and Haw Creek. Bruchus cruentatus Horn.—Hibernates like the preceding in bunches of Spanish moss. Quite frequent near margins of lakes at Lakeland, Feb. 22, and also taken at Dunedin on several occasions, Nov. to March. Recorded only from Tampa. The hind legs of Florida specimens are more often red than black. The form with red spots absent, nigrinus Horn, also occurs near Dunedin, but only two specimens have been found. Bruchus macrocerus Horn.—This species, known heretofore only from New Jersey, Tennessee and District of Columbia, occurs also near Dunedin, three specimens having been taken in March while sweeping huckleberry and other low shrubs. Bruchus compressicornis Scheff.—Frequent at Dunedin; also taken at Ormond and Sanford. Occurs on flowers of the frost-weed, Helianthemum corymbosum Michx., in March and April. Described from Brownsville, Texas, and not elsewhere recorded. Strongylium anthrax Sz.—Described from Enterprise, and noted by Schwarz (Ms.) as occurring at St. Augustine. One specimen taken at porch light at Dunedin, Aug. 6. * * * The family Cistelide is especially well represented in western Florida. Five species from there have been described by the writer in previous papers, and at least half a dozen which cannot be placed by the literature extant are at hand. Examples of all species taken were recently sent to Col. Casey, who monographed the family some years ago.** He states that a number of them are unknown to him. Notes on several of the species and descriptions of three which are undoubtedly new are herewith given as follows: Hymenorus difficilis Casey.—Two specimens, so pronounced by Casey, are from Ormond and Dunedin. They were taken in April by beating. His type was from New York. Hymenorus dichrous, sp. nov.—Elongate-oval, large for the genus. Nearly uniform dark brown, shining; head and thorax often slightly darker; elytra with basal third more or less tinged with dull red; antenna, palpi and legs pale reddish brown. Head small, coarsely and sparsely punctate between the eyes which are very large, coarsely faceted, separated by about their own width (female), almost contiguous (male); clypeus, and occiput behind the constric- tion, coarsely and densely punctate. Antenne short, stout, the apex of eighth joint reaching base of thorax, the third and following joints subequal in length, the second only one-fourth the length of third. Thorax one-third wider than *Trans. Amer, Ent. Soc., XVI, 1889, 261. **Ann. N. Y, Acad. Sci. VI, 1891, 69-170. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 67 long, sides straight from base to beyond middle, thence rounded into apex, hind angles rectangular; disk rather closely, not coarsely aciculately punctate, the punctures separated by nearly their own diameters. Elytra scarcely wider at base than thorax, sides parallel for two-thirds their length, then converging and rounding to the obtuse apex; striz very fine, their punctures small, round, close-set; intervals flat, each with two rows of minute punctures, each puncture bearing a rather long, strongly inclined, pale brown hair. Abdominal segments 1-3 finely and sparsely punctate, four and five almost smooth. Length 6.7—7.2 mm. Described from nine specimens taken at Sanford and Dunedin, Fla., March 29-Oct. 31, mostly by beating, some at porch light. In colour resembles dorsalis Sz., but larger, broader, less parallel, with shorter antenne and more sparsely punctate thorax, the red hue of elytra less distinct. In dorsalis the eyes are as widely separated in male as in female, the back portion of occiput 1s sparse- ly punctate, the. middle of seventh joint of antenne reaches base of thorax, and the punctures of elytral intervals are much more distinct than in dichrous. Hymenorus sabalensis, sp. nov.—Elongate-oblong, smaller and more slender than dichrous. Head, thorax, antenne and basal third of elytra dull red, legs paler; apical two-thirds of elytra dark brown. Head rather large; interocular area and clypeus coarsely and very sparsely punctate; eyes separated by one-half their width. Antenne rather stout, half the length of body, the third joint two-thirds the length of fourth. Thorax one-half wider than long; sides evenly and broadly curved from basal third to apex; disk vaguely and broadly impressed each side on basal third, its surface sparsely and rather finely punctate, the punctures separated by twice or more their own diameters. Elytra at base slightly wider than thorax; strie fine, their punctures small, close-set; intervals slightly convex, each with two rows of punctures which are almost as large as those of striae. Under surface dull red, the abdomen punctate as in dichrous, the prosternum more densely so. Length 6 mm. One specimen taken by beating palmetto leaves on Hog Island,-March 22. Distinct by its peculiar coloration and widely spaced punctures of thorax. Hymenorus sobrinus Casey.—One specimen, so determined by Casey, taken at Lakeland, Feb. 22, by beating masses of Spanish moss. The species was described from Florida without definite locality. Andrimus brunneus Casey.—Frequent at Dunedin and “La Belle in February and March. Taken by sweeping, and, in late March, at porch-light. Described from Haulover, Florida. Andrimus parvulus, sp. nov.—Elongate-oblong. Pale chestnut-brown, shining; legs and palpi paler. Head small, with a wide groove between the eyes; clypeus and occiput finely and densely punctate. Eyes large, coarsely granulate, separated by a distance one-third greater than their width, Antenne stout, joints 4-11 flattened, 2 and 3 together only one-third the length of fourth. Thorax subquadrate, slightly wider than long, base squarely truncate, front and hind angles rounded; disk minutely alutaceous, very finely and sparsely punctate, without trace of basal fovee. Elytra one-third wider at base than thorax, sides subparallel to apical fourth, then feebly converging to the separately rounded tips; striz fine, their punctures small, close-set; intervals flat, each 68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST with a single row of minute, hair-bearing punctures. Under surface very finely and sparsely punctate. Length 5.5 mm. Dunedin, March 29, 31; swept from huckleberry. Smaller and paler than our other species, the antennal joints relatively broader, the second and third shorter than in any of the others. Toxotropis floridanus Leng.—This prettily marked little Anthribid occurs on ferns in dense hammocks, a half dozen or more having been taken near Dunedin, January—March. It was described from Enterprise, Fla., and is not known outside the State. Rhinomacer pilosus Lec. — Although it is said that the species of Rhinomacer occur exclusively on coniferous trees, a dozen or more specimens of R, pilosus were swept from an Ericad, Xolisma fruticosa Michx., near Dunedin, in January. The plant was then full of the fruit or seed pods of the season before, and the weevil was doubtless living in or among these. Tachygonus lecontei Gyll.—This species is not mentioned in any of the lists of Florida Coleoptera. It has been taken by the writer at Jacksonville, Ormond, Lakeland and Dunedin, a half dozen or more having been secured the past winter by beating oak about the borders of ponds or hammocks. Listronotus floridensis Blatch.—This well-marked weevil was found in numbers near Moore Haven, March 2, on the flowers of an arrow-head (Sagit- taria). Fresh specimens are more conspicuously and densely scaly than any of the allied species. Otidocephalus dichrous Sz.—Occurs at light; three specimens taken in June at porch-light, having been sent me from Dunedin. Anthonomus costulatus Suff.—This is a submaritime species frequenting the foliage of the Florida buttonwood, Conocarpus erecta L. It was taken in numbers on Hog Island in February and March. Anthonomus sexguttatus Dietz.—Both this species and Neomastix solidaginis Dietz occur frequently about Dunedin on the flowers and foliage ofa tall scurfy Ericad shrub, Xolisma ferruginea Walt., which grows in very dry sandy soil. The Neomastix was also taken at Lakeland and Ft. Myers. Baris scintillans Casey.—This, the smallest and one of the most shining members of a large genus, was taken at Lakeland and Moore Haven in some numbers by sweeping low vegetation about the borders of lakes. It is probably wide spread throughout southern Florida. Nicentrus grossulus Casey.*—This name should replace that of Nicentrus canus Lec., on page 392 of the ‘‘Rhynchophora of N. E. America,” and Limno- baris canus Lec. should be inserted near the top of page 402 of that work. A specimen of NV. grossulus was swept from the low sea-blite, Batis maritima L., on Hog Island, March 26. L. canus Lec. is known from Enterprise and St. Augustine. . Conotrachelus seniculus Lec.—This was found to be a common weevil at Ft. Myers, La Belle and Moore Haven, where numbers were taken by sweeping low vegetation, and also at light. Conotrachelus belfragei Lec.—A single specimen of this handsome species was taken on Hog Island, March 14, by beating the seaside grape, (Coc- *Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VII, 1893, 599. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 69 coloba uvifera L.). One had -previously been taken at Eustis. These are the only two records for Florida, the species having been described from Texas. Chalcodermus inzequicollis Horn.—This species was found hibernating in the axils of a tall thistle growing on Hog Island. A dozen or more specimens were there taken while searching for Paragraphus setosus. It is known also from Capron and Buck Key, Fla., and from Georgia and Arkansas. Tyloderma maculata Blatch.—A single example of this prettily marked weevil was taken March 3 by beating at Moore Haven, and another on Hog Island, March 26, while sweeping Batis. It was described from a unique taken at Little River, Fla. Tyloderma lzvicollis, sp. nov.—Elongate-oval; smaller, more slender, with sides more parallel than any other of the brown forms. Dark reddish brown; the head, thorax and legs strongly shining. Head and beak rather finely, not densely punctate, without frontal fovea, the punctures isolated, not confluent or reticulated as in variegata; beak stout, about as long as head, cari- nate above. Thorax longer than wide, strongly produced over the head, sides feebly rounded; disk very minutely and sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a minute prostrate white hair; flanks behind the ocular lobe strongly concave and coarsely punctate. Elytra one-third wider than thorax, sides parallel from humeri to apical third, then converging to the obtuse apex; striz shallow and sparsely punctate on basal half, much deeper and without punctures toward apex; intervals feebly convex; disk with scattered small patches of white hairs, which tend to form very narrow, broken cross-bars. Last ventral coarsely punctate, abdomen otherwise almost smooth; sterna coarsely and _ sparsely punctate. Length 3 mm. Two specimens taken March 4 by beating at the point where the Palm Beach Canal leaves the east shore of Lake Okeechobee. The elongate slender form, almost smooth thorax and deep, subapical striz of elytra readily separate this from any known species. Cryptorhynchus apiculatus Gyll.—This species is not so scarce as is commonly supposed. A half dozen or more have been taken at Dunedin in February and March, and one at Okeechobee City, March 6. It occurs on dead branches in wet hammocks. Cryptorhynchus schwarzi Blatch.—A single example of this elongate, dull coloured form was taken near Moore Haven, March 1. The type was from the north end of Lake Okeechobee and the only other known specimens are from Biscayne Bay, so, as far as known, it is confined to southern Florida. Caulophilus latinasus Say.—Hibernates in bunches of Spanish moss, numerous specimens having been taken at Lakeland, Feb. 21. Pentarthrinus atrolucens Casey.—One specimen taken by beating dead branches in Skinner’s Hammock, Dec. 20. Recorded before only from Enter- prise and Biscayne Bay, Fla. Calandra linearis Hbst.—A West India species known as the tamarind weevil. A single specimen was beaten from oak in open sandy woods near ; Lakeland, Feb. 22. Not before definitely recorded from Florida. 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST? NEW ENGLAND HEMIPTERA-HETEROPTERA. New Recorps. BY H. M. PARSHLEY, SMITH COLLEGE, NORTHAMPTON, MASS. Since the publication of my New England List* a number of additional species and significant records have come to light, together with a few errors which require correction. All available information on these points is brought together here in the belief that the value of such a list can be main- tained only by keeping it up to date. New England records have particular interest for students of distribution in Canada, and some interesting compari- sons should be brought out in connection with studies now in progress on the Hemipterous faunas of the eastern and western regions of the Dominion. In the following notes bold-faced type is used to indicate forms new to the list; italics to mark those previously recorded. In all trinomials here and in the List the third name is varietal, not racial. For collectors’ names see the List. LYGAID-. Geocorts bullatus var. discopterus Stal. Mass.—Northampton, 5 June, 18, (H.M.P.). Kolenetrus plenus (Distant). N:. H.—Crawfords, 28 Sept:, 716, (Hi. MM, P?, Trapezonotus arenarius (Linné). Me.—Casco Bay (fide Barber). N. H.—Claremont (G. P. E.) (fide Barber). Drymus unus (Say). Mass.—Northampton, 14 Nov. 717, (Esther W. Hall). TINGID-. Corythucha pallipes Parshley. In Gibson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1918, vol. 44, p. 82. Conn.—Stamford, 16 Aug, ’12, (W.E.B.). Corythucha cyrta Parshley. In Gibson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1918, vol. 44, p. 86. Mr.—Ft. Kent, 17 Aug., '10, (C.W.J.); Liberty, 16 Sept., 913, (J.A.C.); Orono, 4, June, 07. N.H.—Bretton- Woods, 26 June, ’13, (C.W.J.). : Mass.—Beach Bluff, 21 June ’15, (H.M.P.); Chester, 27 May, ‘12, (Eee): Corythucha betulz Drake. In Gibson, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1918, vol. 44, p. 86. Me.—Cumberland, May, ’16, (A. Seger (fide Drake in litt.). Corythucha borealis Parshley. In Gibson, Trans. Am. ies Soc., 1918, vol. 44, p. 92. Me.—Orono, 14 July, ’1 Leptostyla heidemanni Bass and Drake. Mass.—Sunderland, Mt. Toby, 15 Aug., ’18, (H.M.P.). *Occas. Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History VII, Fauna of New England. 14. List of the Hemiptera-Heteroptera, 1917. March, 1919 al a ais a al natal THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST . 71 MESOVELIID-. Mesovelia mulsantt White. Mass.—Sunderland, Mt. Toby, 23 Sept., 17 (H.M.P.). NABID. Nabis sordidus Reuter. Mass.—Northampton, 21 Oct., °18, (H.M.P.). ANTHOCORID&. X ylocoris cursitans (Fallén). Mass.—Sunderland, Mt. Toby, 11 Oct., °17, (H.M.P.). MIRIDE-. Paracalocoris scrupeus var. bidens McAtee. Mass.—Northampton, 22 June, ‘18, (H.M.P..). Paracalocoris hawleyi var. fissus McAtee. Me.—Princeton, 12 July, (C.W.J.). Paracalocoris colon var. amiculus McAtee. Mass.—Northampton, 8 July, 18, (H.M.P.). Dichrooscytus elegans Uhler. Mass.—Beach Bluff, 28 June, 15, (H:M.P.). Horcias dislocatus (Say). Mass.—Sunderland, Mt. Toby, 6 July, °18, (H.M.P.). Horcias dislocatus var. coccineus (Emmons). Mass.—Sunderland, Mt. Toby, 6 June, °18, (H.M.P.). Platylygus luridus (Reuter). Knight, Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1918, vol. 13, p. 16. N. H.—Claremont, 10 July, (G. P.E.). Lygus vitticollis Reuter. Mass.—Northampton, 4 June, °18, (H.M.P.). Neoborus pubescens Knight. - Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., 1917, vol. 12, p. 81. N. H.—Hanover, 3 July (C.W.J.). Dicyphus vestitus Uhler. N. H.—Mt. Washington, 3,000 ft., 4 July, °13, (C.W.J.); Crawfords, 28, Sept. °16, (H.M.P.) ; Macrolophus separatus (Uhler). Mass.—Whately Glen, 5 Aug., °18, (H.M.P.). Lopidea heidemanni Knight. Ent. News, 1917, vol. 28, p. 456. Vt.—Bennington, 24 June, (C.W.J.). Mass.—Natick, 20 June, ‘14, (C.A.F.). Conn.—S. Meriden, | June, (H/.L.J.). Lopidea reuteri Knight. Ent. News, 1917, vol. 28, p. 459. Mass.—Chester, 8 Aug., °12, (C.W.J.); Fall River, 11 Aug.; Rutland, 31 Aug., 16, (C.W.J.); Sharon, 3 Aug., ’09, (C:W.J.); Southbridge, 16 July: Williamsburg, 7 Aug., ’11, (C.W.J.). Conn.—Portland, 10 July, (A. E. Moss), 10 Aug., (B.H.1W.). 72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Lopidea staphylez var. sanguinea Knight. Ent. News, 1917, vol. 28, p. 461. Mass.—Brookline, 4 July, Mt. Tom, 14 July, ’07, (C.W.J.). Conn.—Mt. Carmel, 24 July, (W.E.B.). Diapnidia provanchert (Burque). N. H.—Alstead (A.P.M.) (fide Van Duzee). Diaphnidia capitata Van Duzee. Mass.—Beverly, 23 July, ’17, (Z.B.). Orthotylus uniformis Van Duzee. Mass.—Beach Bluff, 28 July, ’17, (H.M.P.). Orthotylus catulus Van Duzee. Conn.—Mt. Carmel, 25 May, ’06, (B.H.W.). Cyrtorrhinus caricis (Fallén). Mass.—Cohasset, 8 Sept., (C.W.J.); Nantucket, 6 Aug., ’13, (J.A.C.). Mecomma ¢ilvipes (Stal.). Records given for M. ambulans (Fallén), List, p. 102, pertain to this species. Macrotylus amenus Reuter. Mass.—Sunderland, Mt. Toby, 8 July, ’18, (H.M.P.). _ Very numerous in upland pasture. Oncotylus punctipes Reuter. ME.—Calais, 10 July, (C.W.J.); Eastport, 15 July, 09, (C.W.J.). Reuteroscopus ornatus (Reuter). Mass.—Northampton, 3 Oct., ’17, (Esther W. Hall). Microphy!ellats modesius Reuter. Vt.—Burlington, 22 June, ’06, (C.W.J.). Campylomma verbasct (Meyer-Dur). Mass.—Northampton, 21 June, 718, (H.M.V.). SALDID-. Pentacora hirta (Say). Conn.—Branford, 11 Aug., ’04, (H.L.V.). CORRECTIONS. Pages 8-9.. In the Palearctic list add Scolopostethus thomsoni, Cyrtorrhinus caricis, Oncotylus punctipes. Delete Mecomma ambulans. Page 29, line 6. For (G.P.£.) read (J.R.T.B.). Page 50, line 17. For Rhyparochromus read Kolenetrus and insert reference: Barber, Concerning Lygeida, No. 2, Jour. N.Y. Ent Soc., 1918, vol. 26, p. 49. Page 51, line 14. Delochilocoris should probably read Aphanus (Barber, op. cit., p. 61). Page 54, line 19. For cratzegi Morrill read cydoniz Fitch. Page 82, line 2 from bottom. For punctatus (Zetterstedt) oblineatus (Say). Page 86, line 8. For Knight read Reuter. Delete the next line. Page 107, line 11. Insert Forest Hills. Page 119, last line. Insert additional data: 22 Aug., (NV. Banks). Mailed March 31st, 1919, read var. ; “ a Aas = ; . ; ‘ ? 4 7 . rl 4 A j ‘ t } . - 7 i ‘ : : - f ’ my i ’ f ni 3 ! 4 ; F . i it , 34 . i A i : f 7 nore F y : Pies j “ 7 c 1 ; , , ‘ ' , ‘ ; . 1 * ' ' ig Ce y 4 | in ; ; 7 ‘ Py Lae - a 4 . t \ ' . L ; } wy i 4 ’ ity - A ' , ; rat ‘lp No i Pee r : | oe 4 + A% / q ‘ 4 : : 7 ¥) a ' 1 . : f , : . . 7 < ’ ' =. “ee, Ps é ” ; a7 als LU fe b \ i o a a | i ; ¥ iy ‘4 ’ ; A lt uw j ee t A - ( , ' ‘ Mes = y eee 3. ie rakes ; Ss Pan on ae Tae) \ NS a ae - : ; ' C 4 j r th =, 4 : ; ye a : ‘ ‘ Wore ; a j : iT . * " % : vhate a £ 1a are : : A » Mt fs A }! r : d rh . Z Ne 9 ie . 4 ' Fy ‘ y j 4, r, ® - 7 i io, ¥ fe " h J ’ 1 | aa =v ’ ! var ee ee OO Cae ul ees * F } c ee 12xh +7 1 =) x) 7 CF * GAN, ENI. VOL. El: PxiaTeE III. ACHORUTES SOCIALIS VUZeCEe An example of the sub-order Arthropleona. (See p. 73.) 4 = 4 ee Z _ 5; ho ~ s Che Canadian Entomalogist Vou. LI. LONDON, APRIL, 1919. No. 4 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. REMARKS ON COLLEMBOLA. BY CHARLES MACNAMARA, ARNPRIOR, ONTARIO. That ingenuous character, the Man in the Street, commonly holds the erroneous opinion that an entomologist is a person who knows all about insects. Consequently, on the rare occasions when he brings some Entomological Depart- ment a “bug” to be named, if his specimen happens to be anything a little less common than a cicada or a Luna moth, he sustains a distinct shock when he finds that even the professional entomologist cannot tell him offhand exactly what it is, and must refer it to a specialist for determination. Our friend’s surprise is, of course, due to the fact that he does not realize the vast, over- whelming abundance and variety of insect life; and he is not aware that no investigator, however studious, can even in the course of a whole life-time become acquainted with more than a small proportion of the prodigious number of different creatures included in the class Hexapoda. And, besides the sole weight of numbers forcing the student of insects to specialize if he wishes to make any real progress, other influences also work in the same direction. The moths and butterflies, for instance, attract such a : host of collectors as much by their beauty as by their biological interest, that there are probably more students of Lepidoptera than of all the other orders put together. Beetles, too, make a fine showing in a cabinet, and Coleopterists are legion. Then again, we are forced to give earnest if unwilling attention to those pestilent and all too numerous insects that devour our crops, bite our bodies, inoculate us with disease, or otherwise interfere with our living. All this tends to focus entomological study on certain handsome or obnoxious orders and categories, while other less showy or more inoffensive insects are passed over. One of these neglected orders is the Collembola, familarly known as Springtails. These insects are so minute that, preserved in alcohol in tiny vials or mounted on microscope slides, they make no display in a collector's 7 cabinet. And they are practically without economic importance. Some slight injuries to garden and greenhouse have been alleged against them, but their very worst depredations bear about the same relation to the virulent activities of say-the locusts or the mosquitoes, as a small boy with a peashooter does to a German army corps invading Belgium. Consequently, they have been little studied. Unassuming and harmless as they are, however, they have always attracted some attention. Owing to their wide distribution and, at times, extraordinary abundance, they drew some notice even from the earliest naturalists. I do not know that they are mentioned in the classic though unreliable pages of the Elder Pliny, but Linnzus did not overlook them, and with his passion for classi- fication, duly tabulated them in his great ‘‘Systema Nature’’ under the generic name of Podura. . 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sf oF 9 tak But a century later we find Nicolet reproaching naturalists that they have attached but little importance to the study of the order; and in 1872 Lubbock in his elaborate Monograph repeats the same complaint. Even to-day the sum of Collembola literature,—for the most part scattered through reviews and ‘Yproceedings” in half a dozen different languages—comprises only a few, score papers. Nicolet’s Memoir of 1841 and Lubbock’s Monograph of 1872, although both beautifully illustrated with drawings and coloured pictures of an excellence seldom seen in modern insect books, are not nowadays of much use to the systematist. Linnaniemi’s large Memoir (1907-1912) on the Aptery- gotan fauna of Finand is very useful to the American student, as many European species occur here. Guthrie’s ‘‘Collembola of Minnesota’ (1903) is the most comprehensive American volume, but the collector in this part of the country soon comes across numerous species not mentioned by Guthrie. However, Dr. J. W. Folsom, of the University of Illinois, the well-known authority on the Order, has lately published several exhaustive memoirs on certain of the North American sub-families, and I understand has others in preparation, so we may hope to have soon accurate and authoritative descriptions of all the known species on this continent. And we should be glad of this, for the Collembola are well worthy of study. The economic entomologist with his mercenary instincts may elect to ignore them, but their exceedingly primitive development makes them intensely interesting to the student of insect genealogy; while the astonishingly wide dispersal of some of their species and genera over the globe points to the immense antiquity of the Order, and sets some hard problems for the geologist to account for the primordial distribution of land and water. If the bees and the ants be regarded as the aristocrats of the insect world, we must look on the springtails as belonging to the submerged tenth. They are among the most primitive of the “‘six-leggers.’’ Some writers class the Thysanura as the lowest of the true insects, while others confer that doubtful honour on Berlese’s Mirientomata; but all agree in placing the Collembola second on the list, only one step above the simplest known hexapods. The Order is divided into two suborders: the Arthropleona and the Symphypleona—which may be translated as the ‘‘Jointed-abdomens” and the ‘/Together-grown- abdomens.”’ The terms well express the difference in the appearance of the two divisions. The Arthropleona, which are considered the more primitive, have a well-marked head carried horizontally and bearing a pair of antenne usually four jointed (but six jointed in one genus). The thorax consists of three conspicuous segments each with its pair of rather short legs, and the elongated abdomen is made up of six distinct divisions. In the Symphypleona the head is vertical, the constricted prothorax simulates a neck, while the other thoracic divisions are fused with the abdomen into an unsegmented globose body, the insect somewhat resembling a minute spider. (See plates III and IV.) All the Collembola are without wings, and as no trace of these appendages can be found in the embryo at any stage of its growth, it is apparent that the wingless condition is primitive, and not the result of degeneration, as in the case of numerous other insects. Typically the mouth-parts of both sub-orders are withdrawn within the head, and are adapted for chewing, but in a few genera they project in a suctorial cone. = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 75 About 700 species of Collembola have been described so far, and of these some 200 have been found in North America. But there are certainly a large number to be discovered yet. Dr. Folsom estimates the collembolan fauna of this continent at not less than 250 species.. They are all very small, delicate insects, ranging from one-half millimeter to five millimeters in length, but the commonest kinds are from one to two millimeters long. Their integument is very soft, and great care is necessary in handling them. Most of them are clothed, thinly or densely, with hairs of a remarkable variety of form. There are long, slender, simple hairs, and stiff, spiny bristles; there are wide, ribbon-like hairs, and hairs terminating in fancy spear heads and in cups; there are hairs with flat, broad bases notched along one edge; there are feathered hairs, clubbed hairs and hairs bent over sharply at the ends. Of course, no one species possesses all these different kinds of hairs, but most springtails can boast of three or four varieties at least. For con- venience sake, we speak of these growths as hairs, but they have little in common with the hairs of a mammal that grow out through the skin like an onion in a garden bed. A springtail’s hairs are really continuous outgrowths of the in- tegument, and when the insect moults its skin, as it does frequently in the course of its life, it sheds the outer layer of these so-called hairs also. A few genera are covered with scales, not unlike the scales on a butterfly’s - wing, but very much smaller. These scales are lined and fluted so minutely that they are often used as test objects for microscopes, and the exact nature of the markings appears to be as hard to make out as the pattern on a diatom. In colour the Collembola run through the whole spectrum from red to violet with black and white thrown in. Some are coloured uniformly all over, some are irregularly blotched and spotted and some wear veritable Joseph’s coats of complicated symmetrical designs. Most of the colour is pigmentary, but the scaled species often show beautiful iridescence. Some species are very constant in their coloration, while others assume several different liveries according, it would seem, to their food or their habitat. Thus Sminthurus hortensis Fitch, taken on garden beds, is a very dark purple ' with minute yellow spots, whereas a bright yellow variety, indistinguishable in everything but colour, is found living in the adjacent grass. Achorutes armatus Nic. may be a dirty white, pale violet, wine colour, or dark blue; and one variety, Dr. Folsom says, is canary yellow mottled with lavender. The common and abundant Podura aquatica, known all over the northern hemisphere, has always been described from the time of Linneus himself as dark blue with red brown legs and antenne. But P. aquatica, recently found in the vicinity of Arnprior, Ontario, is coloured uniformly red all over. Indeed, variations of this kind are so common among the Collembola that colour is scarcely of any diag- nostic value at all. The most striking feature of the Collembola is the leaping apparatus to which they owe their popular name of Springtails. This apparatus is not _ characteristic of all the Order, however, for there are a good many species without any springing device at all, and in others it is so poorly developed as to be inoperative; but the majority are active jumpers. The apparatus, which a 3 is known as the furcula, consists of a forked appendage, (the dentes) hinged by a broad base, (the manubrium), to the belly at the fourth abdominal segment, ae nt 2 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST —— and is normally folded under the insect with the free forked end towards the head. The dentes terminate in curious hooked and toothed pieces (the mucrones) plainly designed to give the insect a firm purchase for its leap; and with the- same object in view, the underside of the dentes are often studded with spike- like setee. The acme of stinginess is reputed to have been reached by a man who used a wart on the back of his neck for a collar botton. Without accusing the springtail of parsimony, it must be stated that it adopts much the same means to hold its furcula in place. On the third abdominal segment is a curious little double-fingered protuberance (the tenaculum) which, when the furcula is folded in place, projects between the dentes. The fingers of this excrescence each provided with three or four teeth to ensure a firm grasp—bending outwards against the dentes, serve to hold the furcula close along the belly, where it is under considerable tension from the muscles of the manubrium. When the fingers of the tenaculum are relaxed, these muscles pull the furcula strongly downwards and backwards, and the insect is flung upwards into the air. Any- one who remembers that homely toy, the goose-bone jumping jack, that used to delight the children of a past generation, will readily understand how a spring- tail leaps. The length of a jump may be as much as five or six inches. An Achorutes socialis, one millimeter long, easily springs four inches or 100 millimeters, and A. socialis is by no means one of the most active species. In proportion to the size of the insect, these are prodigious leaps. It is as if a man could cover a mile in nine or ten bounds. While in the air, the insect folds the furcula back into place again, so that on alighting it is immediately ready for another leap, and it almost invariahly comes down on its feet. Only a few species, however, such as Tomocerus flavescens, jump several times in quick succession. | Generally there is an interval of half a minute or more between the leaps. And, as a rule, leaping is only resorted to in order to escape from danger. The usual mode of progression is- walking or running by means of the legs; although the migrating kinds when on the march, keep leaping from time to time, but apparently largely at random. While the springing apparatus is the most noticeable structure of the majority of the Collembola, it is not the distinguishing mark of the Order, for, as already mentioned, a good many species are entirely without it. It is the possession of the mysterious organ known as the “‘ventral tube” that decides the springtail lineage. This organ, situated ventrally on the first abdominally segment, is in some species merely a cleft tubercle, the sides of which open back like the jaws of a steel trap, exposing a wet, stickly-looking disc within. In other species it takes the form of a relatively long, projecting tube, from which (among some of the Symphypleona) can be protruded two lengthy, slender, transparent filaments, thickly studded with circular glands. Dissection does little to explain the use of the organ, but Sir John Lubbock named the order Collembola—literally ‘‘glue-insertion’’—from the idea, com- mon to most entomologists of his day and apparently still held by some writers, that the ventral tube enabled “‘the creature to attach or glue itself to the body on which it stands.’ That this is the special function of the organ seems very doubtful. Springtails do not appear to be in any particular need of attaching themselves so securely to surfaces. They do not habitually live upside down, 2. é. a SS > i o _ > A

* 7 _ a oe 2 st . ~ = * a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ; 93 surrounding which the blue is of a somewhat paler colour than on the remainder of the wing; a small patch without blue sealing at costal angle; terminal dark line; fringes on both wings with basal half blackish and outer portion white, except along abdominal margin of secondaries where they are totally white. Beneath both wings pale gray, sprinkled with greenish at base and suffused with whitish rather broadly along outer margin; primaries with the dark discal dash and postmedian row of spots reduced in size as compared with those of typical icarioides (Sierra Nevada region) but broadly encircled with white; subterminal spots obsolete; secondaries with a white lunate discal mark and a curved postmedian row of rather obscure white spots, very faintly centered with black dots; traces of faint whitish subterminal lunules; fringes white. Q. Upper side deep black-brown, basal half of primaries scaled with blue; a narrow, black discal mark; secondaries bluish at base and along abdominal margin; a narrow, broken, bluish line along outer margin, behind which are traces of dark spots similar to those of the <’, partially outlined by blue scaling; no red scaling. Underside very similar to that of the o, with slightly darker ground colour. .Expanse, o and 9, 30 mm. - Holotype.—1 o, Goldstream, Vance. Is., B.C., (May 31). Coll. Barnes. Allotype.—1 9, Goldstream, Vanc. Is., B.C., (May 31). Coll. Barnes. Paratypes.—7 o's, 5 Q’s (same locality and date) in Coll. Barnes, and 7 o&’s, 5 Q’s in Coll. E. H. Blackmore, Victoria, B.C. In the o@ sex the variation of the upperside is inconsiderable, consisting in the greater or less width of the dark border of primaries and the degree of dis- tinctness ef the marginal spots of secondaries which may either become more or less suffused to form a complete border or be almost completely covered by the blue scaling; occasionally a black discal lunule is present on the primaries. In the @ the discal lunule is at times entirely silvered, approaching in this respect pheres; other specimens show a more or less complete row of subterminal bluish lunules on secondaries; in none of our specimens is there anything but the very faintest traces of the red submarginal shading so often seen in typical icartoides. Mr. Blackmore writes us that the food plant of the larva is Lupinus columbianus Heller, and that the race is localized to a small hill, 700 feet high, about three miles south of Goldstream. ADDITION TO THE ODONATA OF FRANCONIA REGION, N.H. In the Canadian Entomologist for January, 1919, (Vol. LI, 9-15) I pub- lished a list of the Odonata of the Franconia Region. Mrs. Slosson had been good enough to send me her complete list of Odonata collected at Franconia a decade or more ago, and her annotations were included in this paper save for the addition of three species inadvertently omitted by the printer. These bring the list to seventy-five species: 73. Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis (Walsh). 74. Gomphus abbreviatus Hagen. 75. Tetragoneuria spinigera Selys. Mr. L. B. Woodruff has since the publication of the list sent me also a record of Somatochlora elongata (Scudd.) from Bretton Woods. R. HEBER HOWE, JR. B Thoreau Museum of Natural History, Concord, Massachusetts. April, 1919 a7 -* r Ar SF \ . Se %; ; . ! 94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A NEW JAPANESE SPECIES OF THE CYRTID GENUS OPSEBIUS. BY F. R. COLE, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, FOREST GROVE, ORE. In a collection of Cyrtide kindly loaned for study by the Entomology Department of Cornell University I found one specimen which was collected at Harima, Japan. The specimen belongs to the genus Opsebius and is an undescribed species. As far as I know this is the first Cyrtid recorded from Japan. The genus Opsebius was described in 1856 by A. Costa from a species, O. perspicillatus, collected in Spain. In the following year Loew described inflatus from Spain, and not having seen Costa’s paper erected for it the genus Pithogaster. In 1870 Loew described O. pepo from Spain, and in 1871 described QO. formosus from the locality termed Gallia, probably southern France. The five other described species in the genus are all from the United States. Fig. 13.—Opsebius nipponensis, n. sp. The American species are uniformly blackish in body colour. In the three European species the body is black and yellow, and in the Japanese species described below the body colour is metallic green. All species of Opsebius have a characteristic cross-vein dividing the long cell above the discal. This cell may be an outer first basal or the first posterior. Loew left out this cross-vein in figuring the wing of O. inflatus, but Osten Sacken examined the type years afterward and found it to be present. Opsebius nipponensis, n. sp. ?. Eyes black with a purplish tinge. Head viewed from in front almost round. Eyes with long, dense black pile. Antenne black with the long bristle-like arista characteristic of the genus. Occiput metallic green with long yellowish pile. Thorax and scutellum metallic green with long, almost erect, yellowish pile. Ptero-and metapleure a bluish green, the upper pleurz with yellowish _ pile. Squame semi-transparent and coloured a peculiar shade of brown, the — rims yellowish. a 3a April, 1919 4 ¥ io, hate ey Ser. nae * = a> of % 7" = ‘gee hE > ~ ~ = ‘ = f me ors pe 2 a" 4 » = 5 E Tye ee aa ' - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ; 95 =" > oh d 7 = are ee Abdomen bronze green and clothed with a yellowish pile which is reclinate on the last four segments and thicker on the dorsum near the posterior margins of the segments. The abdomen is swollen in appearance and much larger than the thorax (broken at the base in this specimen). Venter much the same colour as the dorsum. Genitalia yellowish brown Legs honey yellow, the claws black. Wing membrane infuscated, darker toward the base. Veins blackish. Venation near the North American OQ. diligens O. S. Besides the characteristic outer cross-vein in the cell above the discal, there is a supernumerary crcss-vein in one wing of this specimen just inside this vein. Length 8.5 mm. -Habitat—One specimen collected at Harima, Japan, on May 19, 1916. The type is in the Cornell University collection. ‘* A NEW SPECIES OF HYLEMYIA FROM CANADA (DIPTERA, ANTHOMYIIDA:). BY J. R. MALLOCH, F.E.S., URBANA, ILL. The species described in this paper belongs to the genus Hylemyia, sub- genus Pogonomyza S. and D. There are three other North American species of the subgenus known to the writer, all of which occur in the northeastern United States. The type specimen of the species described in this paper is in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, at Ottawa. Hylemyia (Pogonomyza) spinosissima, sp. n. Male.—Black, distinctly shining, entire body with rather dense, brownish gray pruinescence. Orbits, face, and cheeks with white, almost silvery, pruine- ‘scence; second antennal joint reddish yellow at apex. Thorax indistinctly vittate. Abdomen with a poorly defined dorso-central black vitta. Wing yellowish, veins pale. Calyptra and halteres yellow. Head small; eyes separated by a little more than width of anterior ocellus; orbits sparsely bristled on almost their entire length; arista with dense, very short hairs; parafacial much narrower than third antennal joint; cheek not twice as high as width of parafacial; proboscis as thick as fore femur. Presutural -acrostichals weak, 2-rowed; prealar bristle about one-third as long as the bristle behind it; sternopleurals. 1:2 or 1:3; scutellum bare below. Abdomen narrow, parallel-sided, all dorsal segments with long, strong bristles on posterior margins and in a transverse series on disc; hypopygium of moderate size; fifth sternite with very short hairs. Fore tibia with from 2 to 4 bristles on antero-dorsal and on pcsterior surfaces; mid femur not much swollen, with a series of short bristles on entire antero-ventral surface, and 4 exclusively leng, strong bristles on postero-ventral surface, the one furthest from base directed slightly apicad, situated at middle; mid tibia with 1 antero-dorsal, and 4 irregularly placed ‘posterior bristles; hind femur with a series of bristles on antero-ventral surface, and another, weaker, series on basal half of postero-ventral surface; hind tibia “Se ~ with 4 or 5 strong antero-dorsal and 3 strong postero-dorsal bristles, the antero- _ ventral and posterior surfaces each with some setulose hairs. Costal thorn $2 “small; last sections of veins 3 and 4 subparallel. : — Apeit 1919 06. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST aay oe : Rel Tyce Ee" a eee Length 5.25 mm. 3 Type.—Port Hope, Ont., June 13, 1897, (W. Metcalfe). 2 Sata This species is separable from its allies by the bristling of the mid fornia a % the postero-ventral bristles being much longer than in any of the other species, —__ the longest at least twice as long as the femoral diameter. pea) A NEW SPECIES OF CCENOSIA FROM CANADA (DIPTERA, ANTHOMYTID£). : BY ;. R. MALLOCH, F.E.S., URBANA, ILL. j The species described in this paper is one which was submitted for identi- fication by the Dominion Entomologist. The type specimen is deposited in ) the National Collection of Insects, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. i Coenosia fuscifrons, sp. n. ! Male.—Black, covered with dense white pruinescence. Head black, with white pruinescence except on interfrontalia; antenne and palpi black; proboscis 1 : brown. Thorax and abdomen unmarked, apices of abdominal segments yel- lowish. Legs pale yellow, gradually darkened from near base of femora apicad, the tibiz and tarsi usually fuscous, sometimes the bases of tibiz pale. Wings white at bases, distinctly browned beyond to apices. Calyptra white. Halteres yellow. Frons nearly twice as long as bread; orbits narrow, well defined, the bristles long, upper pair shorter than second and ocellars; antenne reach; ing over two-thirds of the distance to mouth-margin, third joint slightly angulate at apex above; arista bare; parafacial in profile almost linear; cheek higher than width of third antennal joint, the margin with a few long, slender bristles. Humeral angle with one long and _ four or five short, stout bristles; presutural acrostichals in an irregular single or double series; intra-alar bristles weak; lower stigmatal bristle weak or absent, when present directed laterad or slightly upward. Abdomen short, cylindrical, dorsum with a few scattered setulose hairs; hypopygium small, retracted; fifth sternite with a large V-shaped excision, the processes short and broad. Legs long and slender, the bristles hair-like; basal joint of tarsi on all legs at least half as long as tibia; fore tibia with one median posterior bristle; mid tibia with the two median bristles very short, situated at about the same distance from base; hind tibia with the antero-ventral bristle very weak and short, the antero-dorsal and preapical dorsal bristles each over one-third as— long as tibia. Inner cross-vein of wing below apex of first vein; third vein ending in apex of wing; apex of fourth basad of apex of third. ae Length 2.25 mm. si Type.—Brockville, Ont., August 12, 1903, (W. Metcalfe). Paratypes, — Ottawa, August 17, 1907, (J. Fletcher); Port Hope, Ont., May 14, 1897, (W.., Metcalfe). ai This species most closely resembles argentate Coquillett of the North American fauna, but may readily be separated from that species by the narrower — frons and the colour of same, which is fuscous instead of silvery. E Mailed April 28th, 1919. Che Canadian Crtomolonist WoL. Lt. LONDON, MAY, 1919. No. 5 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. FRAGMENTS IN THE LIFE-HABITS OF MANITOBA INSECTS. BY NORMAN CRIDDLE, DOMINION ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY, TREESBANK, MAN. Field work such as is carried on by the staff at an entomological laboratory naturally presents many opportunities for insect studies apart from the major problems for which the laboratories were primarily established. Thus the odd hours when more important matters are temporarily absent, or the less frequent occasions provided by the stops between trains, present opportunities for numerous minor studies resulting in the accumulation of various more or less disjointed notes which under ordinary circumstances remain unpublished. As such notes might well prove of interest to others, I have taken advantage of the Editor’s request for an article to bring a few of them together under the above heading. Peecilopsis (Apochiema) rachelz Hst. This moth has usually been considered rare but in reality is probably more numerous than is generally supposed. It appears quite early in the spring at the time when the first willows are flowering, though I have never observed it actually resting upon the flowers. It becomes active at the time when the beauties of sunset are darkening into twilight, and for that reason we christened it “the Twilight Moth.” At that time the male moths may be seen flying in a jerky, up and down flight not unlike that of the buck moth (Hemuleuca) and if we watch carefully, the hovering of the male over a certain spot will occasionally reveal the wingless female. The latter, however, is very difficult to find, and more often than not its discovery is due to accident rather than to search. The females have been found resting upon the ground, on the trunks of trees, or on the smaller twigs of shrubs such as willows. Aspen poplar appear to harbour them most frequently, possibly because the moth shows a wonderful colour resemblance to the bark. Willows, too, are often chosen for resting places, and here again the little bundle of fluff, of which the female moth reminds one, is very like a pussy willow. The life-history of A pochiema rachele@ was described in the Canadian Ento- mologist by Mr. Arthur Gibson, Vol. XLV, No. 12, 1913, but the egg-laying habits, of which the strange ovipositor had occasioned considerable speculation, remained in some doubt at the time, and the observations which eventually filled the gaps have remained unpublished since 1915. In that year a female Apochiema was found running actively along the ground in broad daylight on April 13, having probably been disturbed by the building operations taking place close at hand. She was placed in a cage in which a goodly number of twigs, rotten wood, sods and other objects were added for ovipositing purposes. During the day time she remained quiet, but as the shades of evening approached she became active and was used to lure males within reach. Later it became evident that she was seeking a suitable situation for her eggs, and as she showed 97 98 THE CANADIAN wxivYTOMOLOGIST little concern for the dimmed light of a lantern, I was able to watch her mov- ments without in any way interfering with her work. Thus, she was seen to run actively about the cage, climb up and around the various twigs, and when a promising crack appeared test its possibilities with her ovipositor. Eventually reaching a dead twig containing loose bark she became greatly excited, and before long had thrust her ovipositor behind the bark between a crack and deposited an egg upon the wood beneath. Then moving to another spot she repeated the performance. Many of her efforts to reach a favourable situation were, how- ever, without avail, and while she seemed to object strongly to placing more than one egg in the same place, the scarcity of appropriate cracks elsewhere invariably induced her to return to the original twig. It thus happened that while she searched over every object in the cage with great care her entire clutch of eggs was ultimately placed in the cne twig. In all about 40 eggs were de- posited. These, as was to be expected, were somewhat bunched though no egg actually rested upon another, and all were well hidden by the overhanging bark. 3 The foregoing observations provide strong evidence to show that the eggs of Poecilopsis rachele are not laid in masses as was previously supposed, but instead are deposited singly or at most in small numbers. They are placed beneath the dead loose bark, probably on those twigs so commonly found at- tached to the,lower stems of aspen poplars or upon willows which provide many similar conditions. This will, of course, explain why the larve are generally found singly and have a diversity of food plants. It also accounts for the remarkable agility of the female moth and the activity of the young caterpillars. Eggs from the above-mentioned moth hatched on May 10-11, and moths from the resulting pupe on April 20 of the following year. A majority of the adults were, as usual, females. Leucobrephos brephoides Wk. , The remarkable earliness at which this moth makes its appearance in spring- time has often occasioned speculation as to whether or not it was able to force its way through the snow. The adults have frequently been observed flying, and were captured too, while the woodlands still rested under a thick covering of snow and only the extreme uplands were free from its mantle. This seemed strong circumstantial evidence in favour of the supposition that the moths did make their way, though the small amount of visible land always left a doubt as to whether this was actually so cr not. In 1916, however, evidence of a direct nature became available, which left no doubt as to the moth’s habits in this respect. The spring of 1916 was an unusually late one in Manitoba, while the winter preceding it had provided an abnormal amount of snow. Thus up to April 10 no land was visible anywhere, and the woodlands among which L. .brephoides is known to breed presented a solid covering of approximately two feet in depth. Odd thaws had occurred, however, and once the temperature rose to 44° F. in the shade, so that the snow wes actually in a thawing condition. The first moths were seen flying on April 1, and during the succeeding days were observed frequently up to the 10th, some of which we captured. As a rule these moths were noted resting upon bunches of straw, hay or some other material dropped an ee a: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST | 99 along the trails, and it was only on the warmer days that they appeared on the snow itself. One of these latter captures, however, presented unmistakable evidence of having recently emerged as it had not yet reached the state when active flight was possible, the wings being soft and not fully developed. It has been suggested that the larve of this moth might pupate in the dead, partly rotten wood as Brephos infans is supposed to do, and so perhaps lie above the snow line. Breeding experiments have failed, however, to show any indication of this. Moreover, the open woods in which L. brephoides breeds were in the above instance practically free from necessary dead material. Perhaps not the least interesting point in this moth’s habits is the fact that it emerges when the temperature registers but a few degrees above freezing and while the ground upon which the pupz rest must be very close to the freezing point. The moth, however, is thickly clothed with hairs which doubtless help to protect it from the cold. Hemileuca lucina var. latifascia B. and McD. This moth is by no means uncommon in the sand dunes near Aweme, Man. The handsome black and yellow caterpillars are at first found in bunches feed- ing upon the low shrubby aspen poplars and later as they attain maturity, scattered singly upon the same type of vegetation. They are often heavily parasitized and, in consequence, the moths only appear in large numbers at intervals of several years. The moth is an unusually handsome one, and its jerky, up and down flight, from whence it gets the name “buck moth,’’ makes it an object of particular interest, flying as it does in broad daylight and during the finer days of autumn. For a long time we found difficulty in securing them. Then in a moment a secret was revealed to us whereby the males were collected with little effort. The moth is, of course, a day flier so that light traps are out of the question; yet, strange as it may seem, fire still provided the at- tractant, though in a totally different way. The means adopted to obtain the desired end were extremely simple and consisted of lighting a small fire from which sufficient smoke issued to drift ‘“down wind” for about half a mile; in other words, to make a smudge of some dead grass and leaves. Then the collectors would calmly sit near and await the coming of the moths, nor were the latter long in appearing. A moth would be seen dodging backwards and forwards across the smoke as if seeking the strongest part of it, but at the same time steadily moving nearer to its source. Soon it was hovering over the fire and shortly after found a resting place in a convenient cyanide bottle. Others quickly followed, perhaps two or three at once, and the sport became fast and exciting. From what distance these moths came is unknown, but doubtless it was from as far as the smoke remained fresh. A bright, sunny day with a breeze sufficient to keep the smoke low provided the ideal conditions. We noted that these moths came towards the fire without hesitation, and that they invariably flew towards its source as if recognizing at once from whence it came. When actually over the fire they hesitated, hovered over it, and at times flew directly into the flames; on other occasions they recognized the heat sufficiently soon to enable them to ‘‘make off’’ before being injured. From the fact that only males were enticed it would seem as if the smoke provided some odour or other attracting properties reminding the male of the opposite sex rather than of food. . But whether this is so or not cannot 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST be definitely settled at the moment. The habit, however, provides an instance of how the males of this moth might be destroyed in large numbers were they ever to become a pest. Unfortunately the females are not attracted in this way, and it is on them after all that the perpetuation of the species depends most. My brothers and I have since attempted to lure other insects by similar methods, but our efforts for a long time were without avail; indeed, so far as one could judge, most insects had a decided objection to the smoke. Later, however, we found that we had been actually associated with another insect that came persistently though doubtless from a very different motive from the Henuleuca. An account of this is given under the next heading. Musca domestica Linn. The common house-fly needs no introduction and it has been dealt with so frequently, both scientifically and popularly, that one can hardly expect to add much to what has already been written. Our first experience with the house-fly as attracted to camp-fires was many years ago. We thought then that it was the savoury smell of a roasting grouse that induced the gathering, and I am not prepared to say even now that this was not, in part, the case. Later, however, we discovered that the flies came almost, if not quite, as readily when no cooking was in progress. But the climax was reached when we attempted to drive the pest from a building by smoking it out and after being forced out ourselves and permitting the smudge to modify, found to our astonishment that the flies were thicker than ever inside as if waiting a promised feast. It seemed to matter little where the fire was started, be it in the wilds far removed from habitations or close around the farm yard, the smoke no sooner had time to spread than along came a house-fly and soon a small procession was seen rapidly beating ‘“‘up wind.’ Unlike the moth de- scribed above the flies did not fly directly into the fire, but instead seemed to use the smoke merely as a guide that led to other objects more attractive. Further observations convinced us that smoke constituted an invariable attractant for these insects. We also noted that a frequent method of entering a house, namely, by means of a chimney was only utilized when a fire provided the necessary smoke, and not to any noticeable extent when heat alone issued forth. Thus the contention that the attraction was in reality heat and not smoke, does not seem to be warranted from this evidence, and while the gather- ing of flies around screen doors and windows is doubtless, in part, due to warmth it may also be largely influenced by the smells from within, including smoke. Our experiments in the field, in which we provided a maximum quantity of smoke with a minimum amount of heat, in every way confirmed our previous observations as to smoke being the true cause of the attraction. It might be asked why should flies be drawn to smoke and foilow it to its source. What does smoke usually foretell? A habitation or camp fire and these in their turn, man and food. Is it not possible that this reasoning acquired from long associa- tion with mankind, has become part of the fly’s instinctive nature? It seems so to me, but I am content to let others judge. In any case, there are opportuni- ties for some interesting experiments along the lines of this study which would seem well worth while. a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 101 Cicindela limbalis var. awemeana Casey. This insect, in its adult state, is usually found on semi-moist roads, on similar moist areas along river banks or on pocket gopher hills in openings among semi-wooded areas. In autumn it seeks rather higher situations in which to hibernate. The larve occur in much the same places as the beetles, but are more easily discovered on the old gopher mounds that have become firm through the combined action of snow, rain and time. In 1916, I came across a single gopher hill on quite high ground’‘in which were no less than 16 burrows, most of which contained almost mature larve. These were marked for further observation and on August 8th dug up. The result showed 11 beetles about to emerge, 5 empty holes from which adults _ had issued, several parasite cocoons and a dead larva from which were coming numerous minute hymenopterous insects which were secured. These latter were afterwards determined by Mr. Girault, through the courtesy of Dr. Howard, as Tetrastichus microrhopala Ashm. There was also one living larva which would undoubtedly winter over and become a beetle the following year. Pupal cells were always either in, or very close to, the larval burrow and the average length of the two combined was three inches, while the deepest slightly exceeded four inches, and the shallowest two inches. The single larva had a burrow measuring four and a half inches, which represented the height of the gopher hill. This seems to be the usual depth even in winter time, as the larvae, apparently, are unable to dig through the sod found below the mounds. The beetles are alsg content with shallow winter burrows which seldom exceed a foot in depth. Eleodes tricostata Say. While investigating wireworms in grain fields during 1915, a new form of injury was noted which, in many respects, resembled the work of cutworms. This on close inspection, I traced to an active wireworm-like larva having indeed a close superficial resemblance to a true wireworm, but showing structural characters which placed it among the Tenebrionide. Specimens collected were about an inch in length, shiny, brownish-slate in colour above, with a blackish head, a light undersurface and a dark stripe along the ventral side. Pupation took piace about August 18 and adults emerged the second week in September. The habits of these Eleodes larve closely resemble those of ordinary cut- worms, Euxoa spp. They appear above the ground at night, run actively about until they locate a suitable plant for food purposes, and then usually devour the leaves above ground, but at times, cut the stem off close to the surface. Their method of attack is generally told from that of cutworms by the plant being eaten above ground instead of being -partly dragged under and eaten from below. The larve are very general feeders. In a wheat field they preferred lamb’s quarters but ate wheat plants readily also. In captivity they feed upon various plants including red-root, pigweed, lambs’ quarters, Russian thistle, tumble weed, Russian pigweed, wild buckwheat, hares-ear mustard, tumbling mustard, cabbage, turnip, beets, wheat, oats, barley and rye. It is also noteworthy that bran was consumed readily. Hence, there is reason to expect that the usual poisoned baits as used for cutworms would prove equally efficient in the control of this insect. 102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NOTES ON THE GENUS OLENE WITH DESCRIPTION OF :A-NEW SPECIES. BY WM. BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH. D., DECATUR, ILL. In our Contributions, Vol. IV, No. 2, p. 129, we called attention to two distinct species of Olene Jarva found in Maine; the one we identified as that of vagans B. & McD. and the other as willingt B. & McD. This latter identifica- tion was, however, an unfortunate error on our part; at the time we had only the single 6 type of willing: before us, a rather suffused, poorly marked speci- men, but later Prof. Willing was kind enough to send us for examination the co-type and the larva from which the figure in our revision of the genus (1913, Contr. II, (2), Pl. V, fig. 5) was made. These proved conclusively that our identification of the Maine larva as willingi was incorrect and that our treat- ment in the revision should hold. From information received from Mr. T. Spalding, of Provo, Utah, concerning the larva of grisea B. & McD., we believe that this name also for the present must remain associated with vagans as the two larve agree in lacking the dorsal hair pencil on segment XI; in any case grisea cannot be associated with the Maine species which we wrongly called willingt, the larva of this being at once separable by the presence of the afore- said dorsal hair-pencil. Mr. W. H. Brittain, Provincial Entomologist of Nova Scotia, is about to publish a Bulletin on the life-history of vagans which obviates the necessity for any further remarks on our part concerning this species. During the summer of 1918 Dr. McDunnough was fortunate enough to discover eight more larve of the second Olene species on oak and beech trees in the vicinity of Ottawa, Ont.; these agreed exactly with the specimen found feeding on hazel the previous summer in Maine and eventually hatched out into three o’s and five 9’s; the o’s agreed well with the Maine specimen figured in our Contributions, Vol. IV, Pl. XX, fig. 7; the 9’s proved to be identical with our Q type of vagans, a fact which we had already hinted at in our notes (1. c. p. 129) when restricting the type of vagans to the o& specimen. As the species is without a name we offer the following description based on our Ottawa material. Olene dorsipennata, sp. nov. o'.—Head, thorax and primaries rather even, dull, greenish gray; a straight black basal half-line; t. a. line broadly geminate, angled outwardly slightly in the cell, strongly in the fold and again immediately above inner margin, the included space partially filled with brownish shading; reniform of the usua: broad lunate shape, incompletely outlined in black with traces of white shading within and around the edges, but much less prominently than is usually found in the group; t. p. line irregularly dentate, slightly bulging opposite the ce.l and strongly angled inwardly above inner margin, followed by a diffuse, dull liver- brown subterminal shade which in turn is bordered outwardly by a poorly defined whitish shade, most prominent as a small, white patch above anal angle; an irregular terminal black line slightly interior to the outer edge of wing, especially at anal angle; fringes greenish-gray, faintly checkered outwardly with pale ochreous. Secondaries dark smoky with faint traces of a darker subterminal line. Beneath smoky gray, darker in cell of primaries with large discal dot and diffuse subterminal line on all wings. Expanse 37 mm. May, 1919 = — eee ee ; : 5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 103 ° .—Similar in coloration to the & but with the brown shading before the t.a. line and beyond the t. p. line more prominent; the reniform is contained in a distinct white patch and the black terminal line is bordered inwardly with white. Expanse 50-55 mm. Holotype.—1 o, Chelsea, Ottawa Co., Que. (July 8-14.) Allotype.—1 o, Chelsea, Ottawa Co., Que. (July 8-14.) Paratypes.—1o’, 2 Q’s from same locality, and 1 o&’, 2 Q’s from Aylmer, Que.; all in Coll. Barnes. We have already noted (1. c. p. 129) the points by which this species may be separated from the very similar vagans, but we must confess that, without a knowledge of the larva, in many cases a definite identification is practically impossible. There is considerable variation in the species, especially in the 2’s; these tend to show an indistinctness of maculation, combined with a diffusion of the pale shades, which gives a general washed-out appearance to the specimens and is quite characteristic of the species. As regards the larva we have nothing to add to the description we published under the name of willingi (Contr. IV, (2), p. 180); we have taken the caterpillars on oak, beech and hazel and have found the empty cocoons on poplar so that the range of food-plants appears to be wide. Of the Olene species feeding on deciduous trees we now definitely know the larvee of meridionalis, vagans, leucophea,atomaria and dorsipennata. Of these meridionalis and vagans are very similar and it may be, when the connecting link, basiflava, from the Southern New England States is known, that these three forms will be regarded as races of one species rather than as distinct species. It should not be hard for some of our New England collectors to settle this question as the larve are quite readily found by searching the trunks of trees in the day time; in most instances they are partially concealed in crevices of the bark. Beating in the early morning or at dusk is also productive of good results, especially in a neighborhood where the species has been definitely located. The following table may be used as a means of separation: Earva entirely ochreous............:..:....:.--+. Bes OS? a re UT iene leucophea. Larva gray or brown With lateral black hair pencils anteriorly only......................atomaria. With lateral black hair pencils anteriorly and posteriorly With long dorsal black hair pencil on Segment XI....dorsipennata. Without hair pencil on Segment XI. Dorsal tuft on Segment XI broad, brown; many black, plumed hairs from lateral tubercles............0........... meridionalis. Dorsal tuft on Segment XI narrow, blackish; only one or two black plumed hairs from each lateral tubercle......vagans. Concerning the pine-feeding Olenes Dr. McDunnough was successful in securing a number of the larve of plagiata by searching pine trunks in the vicinity of Ottawa the last week in May; they were then full grown, pupating in about a week and producing the adults in early June. Mr. J. M. Swaine, of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa, brought in two young larve of the same species in June, obtained by beating young pine trees in the vicinity of Ft. Coulonge on the Ottawa River; one of these fed up and produced the adult in August; 104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the other hibernated half-grown, and is at the time of writing commencing to feed again. It is evident that at least a certain proportion of the larve hiber- nate twice; in the case before us this took place in a slight web uniting two or three pine needles to form more or less of a protective covering; whether this is the natural method or whether the larva descends to the ground ordinarily is unknown to us. Plagiata larva is gray with a decided yellowish tinge; the dorsal tufts on abdominal segments 1—4+ and 8 are deeper mouse gray, intermingled with plumed white hairs; there are also lateral black hair pencils anteriorly and posteriorly as well as a single dorsal pencil arising out of the tuft on the 8th abdominal segment; the dorsal tubercles on the remaining segments show a rosette of short plumed white hairs and a number of longer slightly barbed yellowish hairs; the supra- and subspiracular rows of tubercles are very similar but contain in addition a single (occasionally two) long black plumed hair. Subventrally there is a fairly heavy clothing of long whitish, bipectinate hairs; the eversible dorsal glands are coral red. : Judging by the description given by Dr. Dyar of the larva of pimi (1911 Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XIII, p. 19) the two must be very closely allied and may even be identical; however, as we have had no opportunity for a careful examination of either the larve or the adults of Dr. Dyar’s species the two names may stand for the present as given in our Check List. KIRBY'S INSECTA: VOL. IV’ FAUNA BOREALIPANMERECANA: RESTRICTION OF AN INDEFINIEE-LOCARITS BY ALBERT F. WINN, WESTMOUNT, QUE. Anyone who has occasion to consult this volume about Canadian Insects can hardly fail to notice the oft-recurring words ‘‘Taken in Canada by Dr. Bigsby,” and will probably lay the book down wishing that the author had been more definite in quoting localities. While Canada in 1837 was of a very limited area compared with our country at the present day, it was of large extent. Some months ago, having an enquiry as to what part of Canada, in my opinion, the types of a species of butterfly described in this volume probably came from, I tried to get a little light on the subject. The introduction to the work conveys nothing further than acknowledgement and thanks to Dr. Bigsby, of Newark, and Capt. Shepherd, of the Royal Artillery, for records for Canada, and to Dr. McCulloch and Capt. Hull for those of Nova Scotia. In the Redpath Library of McGill University, however, there are three bcoks by Dr. Bigsby. In one of these, entitled, ‘‘The Shoe and Canoe,” by John (Jeremiah) Bigsby, D.D., late Secretary to the Boundary Commission, published in London 1831, I find the following: ‘‘Both my duty and my pleasure took me out of the common track———-——— to Lakes Simcoe, Huron, Superior, etc., into a portion of Hudson’s Bay and up the River Ottawa into Lake Nipissing as well as to the rarely visited Highlands of the St. Lawrence below Quebec.”’ It would seem safe to limit the locality ‘‘Canada” to the districts above mentioned, and wide though they still are, all are within the present boundaries of the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario. May, 1919 a ee, a os CAND ENT VOLE le PLATE VII. 5 8 SPIDERS FROM CANADA AND ADJOINING STATES. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 105 NEW SPIDERS FROM CANADA AND THE ADJOINING STATES, No. 2. BY J. H. EMERTON, BOSTON, MASS. The first paper of this series was published in August, 1917, and described a number of spiders from the Pacific coast, eastern Canada and northern New York and New England, part of them collected in the summer of 1916. The present paper describes a few new species collected and identified from the same parts of the country since 1916. In addition to the new species, the male of Pardosa vancouveri, described in the paper of 1917, has been found, and its palpus is now figured. Dzplostyla canadensis Emerton, described in Trans. Conn. Acad., 1882, from Montreal, has been again found, at Lake Tear on Mt. Marcy in the Adirondacks, N.Y., at an elevation of 4,500 feet. Lophocarenum minakianum, n. sp. Hardly 2 mm. long. Light brown with the legs and palpi and underside of the abdomen pale. The whole upper half of the abdomen is thickened and covered with small depressions in which are minute hairs. The head of the male has a hump which carries the posterior middle eyes. It is about as high as wide, and rises abruptly before and behind. It is rounded on top and has a slight groove in the middle, but is not as deeply divided as in L. sculptum Em., (Can. Ent., Aug., 1917,) which this species closely resembles. At each side of the hump is a deep groove as in sculptum and excavatum. The male palpus ‘s much like that of sculptum, but the process on the top of the tarsus is longer and more narrowly pointed. (PI. 7, Fig. 1, a and b.) Minaki, Ontario. Sifted from leaf mould near Minaki Inn. - Ceratinopsis obscurus, n. sp. Male 2 mm. long. Legs and cephalothorax yellow brown and the abdomen dark grey. The cephalothorax is nearly as wide as long and narrowed in front. The male palpi resemble those of C. nigripalpis, but the outer process of the tibia is wide and flat. The tarsus has, asin nigripalpis, a wide, thick ridge on the outer edge, at the side of which is a narrower groove. The palpal organ resembles that of nigripalpis and nigriceps. (Pl. 7, Fig. 2, a, b.) In leaf mould in pine and birch woods at Minaki, Ontario. Grammonata semipallida, n. sp. Scarcely 2 mm. long. Legs pale, cephalothorax but little narrowed in front, pale on the hinder half and darker gray in front. The palpi are also dark grey. The abdomen is gray, pale in front and marked behind with alternate dark and light transverse spots. (Pl. 7, Fig. 3, a.) The male palpi are large and the tarsus round. The tibia has a short, blunt process extending over the tarsus, which has a distinct groove in which the process fits. The tarsal hook is curved in a half circle. The tube of the palpal organ is slender and abruptly curved backward in the middle. (PI. 7, Figs. 3, b, c, d.) Winnipeg, Manitoba, June, 1917. F. W. Waugh. Diplostyla crosbyi, n. sp. Male 4 mm. long. First femur 3 mm. Height of head and mandibles nearly equal to length of cephalothorax. (P1.7, Fig. 4,a.) The cephalothorax and legs are brown and the abdomen gray with light markings in pairs, as in migrina. The tarsus of the male palpus is but little longer than wide. The tarsal hook has a sharp angle near the end and the terminal part is thin and flat and curved, May, 1919 106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST as if to fit against the convex side of the palpal organ. Near the base of the tarsal hook are several long hairs. The basal process of the palpal organ is not as straight as in nigrina, but is turned a little inward, as in inornata, (P1.7, Fig. 4, b,c) and the narrow terminal half is flattened and slightly grooved in the middle. Sifted from moss at 3,500 feet near the mouth of Uphill Brook, near Mt. Marcy, in the Adirondacks, N.Y. One male only. Dictyna quadrispinosa, n. sp. Male 2 mm. long. Colours and markings like muraria. The male palpi have the tibia wider than long. The usual two spines are sessile at the front edge of the tibia on the outer side, they are close together and curved down from the base and upward at the points. Behind the two spines is a ridge somewhat longer than the spines, ending in blunt points above and below.a (Pl. 7, Fig. 5, a, b.) The palpal organ is smaller than in muraria, and the tube and its supports more slender. (PI. 7, Fig. 5, c.) Black Brook, Clinton Co., N.Y., June, 1916. C. R. Crosby. Pardosa vancouveri Emerton, Can. Ent., Aug, 1917. The original description was of the female only, the male has since been found and resembles the female in size, colour and markings, with slightly longer legs and smaller abdomen. The male palpus ( Pl. 7 Fig. 6) has the basal. process very long and flattened and curved obliquely across the palpal organ. The whole palpus is very dark coloured and the details hard to see. Near Lytton, B.C., from W. Taylor, Vancouver. Amaurobius agelenoides, n. sp. Female 9 mm. long. Male a little shorter and more slender. Colours pale yellow and brown in a distinct pattern on the back. The cephalothorax is brown with pale lateral stripes and a pale middle stripe half as wide as the head extending from the eyes to the dorsal groove. (Pl. 7, Fig. 1 a) The legs are pale with fine, dark hairs. The abdomen has a pale middle stripe divided in two in the front half and broken by several indistinct, dark middle spots behind. The rest of the abdomen is brown above and below without any other distinct markings. The upper spinnerets are twice as long as the lower pair, with the terminal joint conical and as wide as long. The cribellum is two-thirds as wide as the lower spinnerets and distinctly divided across the middle. The calamistrum is. three-fourths as long as the fourth metatarsus, but does not show at all in the male, which also has the cribellum narrower and less easily seen than in the female. The epigynum is more open than in sylvestris and pictus, the middle lobe wide and dark coloured. (Pl. 7, Fig. 2b.) The male palpus has two processes on the outer side of the tibia, which show best when seen from below. (Pl. 7,Figs. c, d.) The tarsus is twice as long as wide, widest near the base, and nearly straight on the inner side. (PI. 7,Fig. d.) Immature individuals have long been known, but only in the summer of 1918 were adults secured, the male by C. G. Hewitt at Jasper, and the female by N. B. Sanson at Banff. Clubiona furcata, n. sp. Male 4 mm. long. Pale with the abdomen reddish in alcohol. The size, eye arrangement, and length of legs resemble C. abboti. The male palpus has the tibia short with the long, outer process curved downward and outward with THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 107 a short fork at theend. (PI.7, Figs.7,a.) The palpal organ, (PI. 7, Figs. 7, b), is long and somewhat like that of C. canadensis. Saskatoon, T. N. Willing. Clubiona saltitans, n. sp. Male 3 mm. long. Female 3.5 mm. Cephalothorax 1.5 mm. Colour pale, less red in alcohol than C. abboti. Eyes of the upper row in line with the front row and covering the whole width of the head. (Figs. 14,d.) Length of mandibles equal to width of head and slightly longer than in abboti. The male palpus resembles that of abbott, but is more slender and the outer process of the tibia has the lower branch one-half longer than the upper. (Figs.14,a,b.) It has been found at several places near the seashore under stones and sticks on the sand. It sometimes jumps when pursued. This species has been confused with C. abbeii. In general it is slightly larger, paler and more slender, and the tarsus of the male palpus is distinctly smaller. The mandibles are slightly longer, but the arrangement of the teeth is the same in both species. (Figs. 14, c.) Ipswich, Plum Island and Wellfleet, Massachusetts. Fig. 14 Xysticus acquiescens, n. sp. : Male 5.5 mm. long. Legs very short, the first and second pairs 7 mm. long. The general colour is brown, the first !egs a little darker and the palpi lighter than the rest. The cephalothorax has the light middle stripe much darkened with brown in the front half. The abdomen has the usual markings in pairs, the hirder fairs united into transverse stripes. (PI. 7, Figs. 1,a.) The first and Fig. 15 second legs have the femur, patella and tibia darkly spotted with brown, and the tarsus and metatarsus a little lighter. The male palpus has the two pro- cesses of the palpal organ both small, the basal one simple and the distal one narrow at the base and thickened at the end where it curves toward the other. In front of the two processes is a wide, dark brown ridge. (Fig. 15, b.) Saskatoon, T. N. Willing. 108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Xysticus ontariensis, n. sp. Male4mm.long. First and second legs9mm. Cephalothorax dark brown, showing a middle strip2 very indistinctly. The first and second legs have the femur and patella dark brown, and the rest of the leg pale. The third and fourth legs are spotted as usual but not very strongly marked. The abdomen has Fig. 16 two irregular brown patches on the front half, and three or four transverse stripes behind all with irregular outlines and variable colour. (Fig. 16, a.) The male palpus has the tibia white. The palpal organ has the two processes on the under side, simple hooks turned toward each other as in X. gulosus, with which this species has been confused. (Fig. 16, b.) Cloyne, Ontario, A. B. Klugh; Wellesley, Massachusetts. NOTES ON COCCIDA:—ITf. “G@ENIEP REI rs BY G. F. FERRIS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. Continued from Can. Ent., vol. 50, p. 332. Genus Stigmacoccus Hempel. 1908. Fernald, Cat. Coccide, p. 20. Monophleboid Coccidein which the adult female possesses mouth-parts, legs and antenne, the latter 7—8-segmented; immature stages without legs and with the antenne reduced to mere chitinized points, with an anal tube formed by the chitinization of the posterior portion of the alimentary canal, this tube terminating at its inner extremity in a series of tentacle-like processes. Abdo- men in adult and penultimate stages with 8 pairs of spiracles. Type of the genus, Stigmacoccus asper Hempel. Notes.—The original description of the type species was based upon the adult alone and the immature stages have not been described. In general the genus appears to be quite similar to X ylococcus, but the very peculiar character of the anal tube alone seems sufficient grounds for its separation. Whether the genus Perissopneumon Newstead is a synonym of Stigmacoccus, as Cockerell has indicated, is perhaps doubtful. Stigmacoccus asper Hempel. Fig. 17. Penultimate stage. Enclosed in a test, as described by Hempel for the adult female. Body more or less spherical, with the anal opening high up on the dorsum. Derm membranous throughout, except for a small, circular, May, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 109 chitinized area surrounding the base of the anal tube, everywhere beset with small, spike-like spines. Legs lacking. Antenne reduced to mere chitinized points. Anal tube of a very distinctive type (Fig. 17A), its inner end terminating in a series of tentacle-like processes (in my single specimen 7 in number), these processes and the tube itself thickly beset with pores. Dermal pores of three types. Of these, one (Fig. 17B) is more or less 8-shaped, with one of the loculi Fig. 17.—Stigmacoccus asper Hempel. A, anal tube, with chitinized area and spiracles at its base; B, 8-shaped pore; C, simple pore, from clusters about spiracles; D, spiracle, external opening at lower end. much smaller than the other. Another resembles the first in shape, but is much smaller and is borne at the inner end of a short duct. The third (Fig. 17C) appears as a simple ring with the enclosed area partially chitinized. The pores of the last type form clusters about the spiracles; those of the first two types are scattered about over the body. Eight pairs of abdominal spiracles present, all of the type indicated in Fig. 17D. The last abdominal pair are situated at the edge of the circular, chitinized area which surrounds the base of the anal tube. Material examined. Part of the type material, this including a single immature individual. Genus Xylococcus Loew. 1903. Fernald, Cat. Coccida, p. 32. 1917. Florence, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 10, p. 147. : This genus has been assigned by previous authors to the subfamily Margarodinz because of the supposed absence of mouth-parts in the adult female. I have at hand a series of adult females of X. macrocarpe Coleman, and in this series practically every stage from a complete absence of mouth-parts to mouth- perts which are to all appearances functional is represented. It appears from this series that the foundations of the mouth-parts are probably always present, but that in some instances they do not become chitinized. Ihave not observed mouth-parts in the adult females of other species of X ylococcus, but the number of specimens examined is small, and it is not at all improbable that the examination of a long series would reveal conditions similar to those found in X. macrocarpe. It is becoming increasingly evident that the distinction heretofore drawn 110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST between the Monophlebine and the Margarodine on the basis of the presence or absence of the mouth-parts in the adult female cannot be maintained. Xylococcus betulz Perg. 1898. Xylococcus betule Pergande, U.S. Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., Bull. LS at..5. PES. 1917. Xylococcus alnt Florence, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. 10, p. 158. There is, I think, no question that these two species are identical. I have at hand the types of X. alni and specimens of X. betule as follows: from ‘cherry birch,’’ Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada, adult female, intermediate stages and larva; from beech, Ithaca, N.Y., intermediate stages; from beech, Michigan, adult female, intermediate stages and larva. The characters used by Miss Florence for the separation of X. alni are hardly sufficient. The differences in the anal tube of the apodous stages are not con- stant. The first larval stage of alni (in the two specimens examined) has 6-7 median ventral pores and the first stage of betwle (in numerous specimens) has but 5, but in all other respects the two are identical. Whether X. quercis is distinct is questionable. There appear to be certain differences in the first stage, but if these differences be allowed as of specific value it will be necessary to name another species for specimens taken from Quercus californicus. More material is desirable before forming any con- clusions. X. macrocarpe Coleman is very distinct. I would separate this from X. betule by the following characters: Adult female with the derm of the dorsum practically destitute of spines; anal tube of apodous stages with pores at the inner end only; marginal pores of first stage sessile, X. macrocarpe Coleman. Adult female of the dorsum everywhere quite thickly beset with slender spines; anal tube of apodous stages with pores both at the inner end and near the base; marginal pores of first stage borne at the inner end of short ducts.............. ene Mal, aye X. betule Pergande. Genus Kuwania CkIl. 1903. Fernald, Cat. Coccide, p- 30. 1909. Cockerell, Can. Ent., vol. 41, p. 56. Monophleboid Coccide in which the adult female appears normally to lack mouth-parts but with the legs and antennz present; tarsal claw without digitules, the tibia with numerous digitule-like hairs on the inner side at its apex; intermediate stages without legs and with the antenne reduced to mere chitin- ized points, anal tube lacking. Four pairs of abdominal spiracles present in adult and penultimate stages, these on the anterior segments of the abdomen. Type of the genus Kuwania quercus (Kuwana). Notes.—I am inclined to doubt that K. zeylanica (Green) is congeneric with K. quercus. The immature stages have not been described, and it is upon these that the matter will largely depend, the adults of all of these forms being quite similar. I have at hand an adult female of K. zeylanica which differs from the same stage of K. quercus in having well-developed mouth-parts with a distinct mentum, and in having 6-8 pairs of abdominal spiracles. 3 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST i st ba | -Kuwania quercus (Kuwana). Fig. 18 1903. Fernald, Cat. Coccide, p. 30.. 1917. Ferris, Can. Ent., vol. 49, p. 377, fig. 39b. The general characteristics of the adult female have been described by Kuwana, but there remain certain points of interest. The mouth-parts appear really to be lacking as they are absent in all of numerous preparations examined It is not impossible, however, that further examination would reveal a condition similar to that found in Xylococcus macrocarpe. There are four pairs of abdominal spiracles (not noted by Kuwana), these of the type shown in Fig. 18. D. Penultimate stage. Oval in form (Fig. 18C). Antennz reduced to mere chitinized points. Spiracles arranged as in the adult but of a quite different Fig. 18.—Kuwanta quercus (Kuwana). A, larva; B, spiracle of apodous stage C, apodous stagé; D, spiracle of adult; E, pore of apodous stage. form (Fig. 18B). Margins of the body with large, circular pores (Fig. 1SE), these mcst numerous toward the head. Anal opening simple, without an anal tube. First stage larva. (Fig. 18A). The description given by Kuwana appears to be accurate except for the statement, ‘‘Margins of the body with capitate hairs.” These hairs do not appear in my specimens. The larva is so minute that I have been unable to detect the arrangement of the spiracles, or, indeed, whether or not they are present. Each abdominal segment bears at the margin a small object that may ke either a pore or a spiracle. Material examined. Preparations from the type material. 112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Genus Cissococcus Ckll. Coccide referable to the subfamily Coccine. Adult female with the anal plates borne at the apex of a low prominence, their dorsal surface beset with numerous small spines; antennez and legs present but extremely small; stigmatic depressions apparently lacking, their presence not indicated by differentiated spines. First stage larva likewise without differentiated stigmatic spines. Type of the genus Cissococcus fulleri Ckil. Notes.—The original description of this genus is much in error. The author states, ‘‘Belongs to the Eriococcini. Larva typically Eriococcine, with rows of dorsal spines. . . Adult . . . witha pair of plates simulating those of the Lecaniine.’’ The larva is in all respects of the type usual in the Coccine (=Lecaniinz) and is entirely without dorsal spines. The anal plates of the adult are very much of the type seen in Ceroplastes, except for the numerous spines on the dorsal surface. In spite of the gall-making habit the genus is indeed possibly close to Ceroplastes. The species described by Ehrhorn as Cissococcus ? oahuensis has nothing to do with C. fulleri and has quite properly been referred by its author to a new genus. : Cissococcus fulleri CkIl. Fig. 19. My single adult specimen is not in sufficiently good condition to permit adding much to the description already given for the genus. The anal plates (Fig. 3C) are rather long, the lateral margin rounded, the tips quite pointed, resembling in this respect the type of plates seen in Ceroplastes. There appear , B Fig. 19.—Cissococcus fulleri Ckll. A, posterior extremity of abdomen of larva, showing the eversible anal tube, which is characteristic of the Coccinae; B, antenne of larva, sete not indicated; C, anal plates of adult, spines of dorsal surface indicated in but one plate. to be no marginal spines. The antenne are extremely minute, with the number of segments undeterminable; the legs are likewise very small but possess the normal parts. : The first stage larva bears a marginal series of short, stout spines (Fig. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 113 19A); the antenne are 6-segmented, rather short and stout; there are no dorsal spines. Material examined. Part of the type material. CORRECTIONS TO EARLIER PAPERS. In my description of Stomacoccus platani (2) the caption for Fig. 38B has been omitted. This is the antenna of the prepupa of the male. On page 376 it is stated that the antenne of the prepupa of the male are 8-segmented, while the figure shows 9 segments. The figure is correct. In the redescription of Cryptokermes brasiliensis Hempel (3), the second line on page 222 reads in part, “posterior portion of anal ring.’’ This should read, “‘posterior portion of alimentary canal.” *THREE NEW SPECIES OF BRACONIDE. BY C. F. W. MUESEBECK, ITHACA, N.Y. Apanteles phigaliz, n. sp. Female.—Length 2.2 mm. Black, shining. Head transverse, broad; mandibles reddish brown; palpi yellowish; face slightly convex, medially punctate, and with a distinct median ridge originating between the antenne; antenne black. Mesoscutum closely punctate; scutellum distinctly but shallowly punctate, slightly convex; both mesoscutum and scutellum shining. Meso- pleura punctate cephalad and ventrad, and with a large, shallow, perfectly smooth and highly-polished area posteriorly, which does not possess the crenulate fovea common to many species of the genus. Propodeum smooth and shining, with a number of short radiating striule extending upward from the middle of the posterior margin; no median carina nor median fovea present. Wings.—Tegule and wing-bases black; veins and stigma brown; radius and transverse cubitus meeting in a sharp angle, with a distinct heel at the point of union, the two veins about equal in length. Legs.—All coxe black, the posterior rather smooth, above with a basal elongate-oval flattened shining area, which has a few scattered punctures; all trochanters dusky; fore and middle femora somewhat dusky at extreme base, the hind femora dusky at extreme base and apex and along the upper edge, the hind tibiz dusky at apex, and the hind tarsi, except on the basal two-thirds of the basal segment, entirely dusky. Abdomen black and shining, moderately broad; first tergite almost twice as long as broad at base, parallel-sided, and rounded off very strongly at apex so that apex is much narrower than base, almost entirely smooth and polished, only the extreme apex being weakly punctate; plate of second dorsal segment triangular, very narrow at base, and three times as broad as apex as at base, three-fourths as long down the middle as broad at apex, and very slightly, or not at all, shorter than the third plate; the basal middle of this plate is smooth and polished, while the apical margin and the apical angles are finely rugulose. The membranous margins along the apical half of the first tergite and all of the second are fuscous, and exceedingly broad along the second plate, the mem- 2. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 49, p. 375-378, figs. 36 to 39, (1917) 3. Canadian Entomologist, vol. 50, p. 221-225, (1918) *Contributions from the Gipsy Moth Laboratory, United States Bureau of Entomology, Melrose, Highlands, Mass. May, 1919 114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST branous portion on either side of this plate being almost as large as the plate itself. Segment three and beyond smooth and shining. Ovipositor subexserted. Male.—Like the female except for the usual sexual differences. Type locality —Melrose Highlands, Mass. Type-—Gip. Moth Lab. No. 12007N-16. Deposited in U. S. Nat. Mus, Type No. 22095 U.S. N. M. Host.—Phigalhia titea Cram. Described from 21 specimens (13 females; 8 males) bred by Mr. R. T. Webber, of the Bureau of Entomology, at the Gipsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Highlands, Mass., from nearly full-grown larve of the above species, June, 1916, the adult parasites issuing the following spring. Cocoons are light brown in colour, parchment-like, and have about eight strong, regular, longitudinal ridges; they are broader at the anterior end and taper considerably toward the posterior end; they resemble somewhat the cocoons of some species of the closely-allied genus Microplitis Foerst., especially those of M. gortyne Riley, but are much smaller. Although this species of Apanteles is gregarious the cocoons are not fastened together, but are formed individually on the back of the caterpillar. The species resembles somewhat A panteles feltie Vier., but differs as well in the paler stigma and lighter legs as in the second abdominal tergite being considerably longer in proportion to its width at the apex. Apanteles compressus, n. sp. Female.—Length 2 mm. Black, shining. Head transverse; face punctate, slightly broader than long; palpi yellowish white; antenne yellowish-brown on scape and basal third of flagellum, darker on apical two-thirds; apical flagellar segments of antenne broad, almost as broad as long and broader than the basal segments. Mesoscutum and scutellum closely punctate, the latter some- what less so medially, only slightly shining; scutellum narrow, distinctly longer than broad at base, very slightly convex. Mesopleura punctate and dull anteriorly and below, smooth and polished above and posteriorly, where there is a long, narrow, finely crenulate, longitudinal channel. Propodeum very finely rugose, the posterior angles deeply sunken and shining; a very weak suggestion of a median carina on the propodeum. Wings.—Tegule and wing-bases black; stigma and veins brown; radius and transverse cubitus forming a rather uniform arc, without the sharp angula- tion at the point of union as found in many species of the genus. Legs.—Fore and middle legs entirely yellowish; hind coxe black, smooth and shining, having only a few distinct punctures at base above; hind trochanters and femora yellow, except the upper edge of the femora dusky on the apical two-thirds; hind tibiz blackish except on basal fourth, where they are yellowish; hind tarsi dusky except at base of basal segment; spurs of the hind tibia not one-half as long as the metatarsus. Abdomen black, shining; very narrow, being greatly compressed at apex; first tergite long, narrow and parallel-sided, twice as long as wide at base and narrower at apex than at base, very finely rugulose, feebly striate at extreme sides; second tergite triangular, only one-half as broad at base as long down the middle, and three times as broad at apex as at base, almost entirely smooth and polished, only the apical angles finely rugulose, this rugosity extending toward THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 115 middle along the margin; membranous margins along apical third of first plate and all of the second, broad, dark testaceous; third tergite and beyond very smooth and shining; ovipositor subexserted. Males.—Agrees well with the female except for the usual sexual differences. Type locality—Lunenburg, Mass. Cocoon mass with the host larva firmly attached collected by Mr. S. M. Dohanian, of the Bureau of Entomology. Paratype localities—Exeter, N. H.; Pelham, N. H.; Bristol, R. I. Type.—Gip. Moth Lab. No. 10697AK. Deposited in U. S. Nat. Mus. Type No. 22094 U.S. N. M. Host.—Evidently a species of Hypoprepia. Described from 24 specimens (13 females; 11 males) bred at the Gipsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Cocoons are pure white, thin, clustered together, and usually firmly cemented to the under side of the host caterpillar. Resembles very closely A. sarrothripe Weed, but the latter has a much less punctate and a highly polished mesoscutum and scutellum; the apical flagellar segments of the female antenna are much longer than broad and much more slender than in the present species; the hind coxe are reddish black rather than black; and the abdomen has more or less reddish on the segments posterior to the second, while in the present species the dorsum of the abdomen is entirely black; also, the venter of the abdomen is more testaceous in sarrothripe, and the second abdominal tergite is broader at base so that the lateral margins are less oblique; the venation of the anterior wings also differs, in that the radius and the transverse cubitus meet in a sharp angle in sarrothripe. From the species phigalie, described above, compressus may be distinguished by the much narrower and more compressed abdomen, by the yellowish fore and middle coxe, by the rougher propodeum, and by the cocoons. Meteorus triangularis, n. sp. Female.—Length 5 mm. Head yellowish; eyes black; antenne yellowish red; stemmaticum black. Prothorax, meso- and metapleure yellowish red; mesonotum yellow except the lateral lobes, which are black; scutellum yellow; pestscutellum blackish; propodeum black, except the apical angles, which are reddish. Legs entirely yellowish, except the hind tibia, which have a dusky annulus near the base and another at the apex, and the hind tarsi, whieh are dusky. Wings hyaline, stigma and veins brownish, the stigma without the dark spot found in some species of the genus; the recurrent vein interstitial with the first transverse cubitus; tegula and wing-bases yellow. Abdomen blackish brown above, except the extreme base of the first tergite, which is yellowish, and a yellowish-brown triangular spot at the base of the second tergite, which extends across the entire plate, but is very narrow laterally; the first tergite is longitudinally aciculated on the apical two-thirds or more, which part is black in colour; the deep fossa, which are found on the upper side of the petiole of a number of species of Meteorus, are wanting in this form. Ovipositor half the length of the abdomen. Male.—Resembles the female except for sexual differences. Type locality.—Mass. (?) 116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Type.—Gip. Moth Lab. ‘No. 6988-1. Deposited in U. S. Nat. Mus. Type No. 22096 U.S. N. M. S Described from eight specimens (4 females; 4 males) reared at the Gipsy Moth Laboratory, Melrose Highlands, Mass. In most of the genera of this order and of the Machiloidea, however, the sternite is absent from the 9th segment, but in the latter group the other abdominal sterna, or most of them, show all these parts, although the coxites are separate from the sternite, and basally from one another, only by sutures. In this connection it may be added that Grylloblatta is interesting as giving additional support, if such be necessary, .to the view that the lateral gonapo- physes of the female are prolongations of the coxites of segment 9. Thus in the structure of the 9th sternum of the male, Grylloblatia is not only more primitive than any other Orthopteroid insect, but also more so than the Plecoptera, Embiidina and Dermaptera (together constituting the ‘“Pan- plecoptera”’ of Crampton) in all of which the division into sternite and coxites, and the styli, have been lost. It is also more primitive than any of the true Orthoptera in the absence of a subgenital plate in the female other than the 5. Escherich, K., Das System der Lepismatiden, Zoologica, 1905, Bd. 18, Heft 43, p. 25. — PASE as exe Ets re) ENT., CAN. SEK: STRUCTURAL (PP 138.) A MPODEIFORMIS W DE Taio, a €. GRYLLOBLATTA 138 — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST unm< dified 8th sternum, and in the details of the ovipcsitor, which are yet to ke described. The immature ovipositor is of a distinctly more primitive type than that of the most generalized Orthoptera of corresponding stage, e. g., Ceuthophilus of the Tettigoniide. This is seen in the form and position of the valvule, the presence of well-marked styli and the more definite basivalvule. In these respects it approaches the Blattidae and Mantide, but the valvule of the 9th segment have not the terminal position, nor have the dorsal valvulz the broad, flattened form found in these groups, in which respects they are apparently the more primitive, at least at this stage. The great reduction or complet2 loss of the ovipositor in the Panplecoptera is, of course, a secondary feature, in which they are negatively specialized, as compared with the majority of Orthopteroi | groups. The male genitalia considerably resemble those of certain Blattoidea and Mantoidea, and also the Phasmoidea, and the fundamental plan of structure seems to be the same in all of these groups, although I believe the asymmetry has been independently acquired in some of them, at least. The true Orthoptera seem at first sight to be constructed upon an entirely different plan, but further investigation tends to indicate that it is a very highly modified form of the same plan. It is my present opinion that the ‘“Panisoptera’’ (Blattoidea, Mantoidea and Isoptera), which is unquestionably a natural assemblage, and the Orthoptera together with the Phasmoidea, represent two main branches of the same stem, originating as a section of the Palaeodictyoptera, and that Grylloblatta is the sole survivor of a twig which separated from this stem before the two main branches had become differentiated. The Phasmoidea also separated very early from the Orthopteran branch. The characters in which Grylloblatta and the Phasmoidea resemble the ‘‘Panplecoptera”’ are all primitive ones, and only indicate the common origin of the two stems. The five-jointed tarsi, which are present in Grylloblatta, the Blattoidea, Mantoidea and Phasmoidea, are characteristic of primitive Orthopteroid insects, but I agree with Crampton’s suggestion that the trimerous type may be, after all, the more primitive for the Class Insecta in general. We never find penta- merous tarsi in the Apterygota, nor in any of the Panplecoptera, so that they were probably acquired very early in the Orthopteroid stock, and probably also in other branches of the Paleodictyoptera. The reduced number of tarsal joints in the Iscptera and true Orthoptera is doubtless a secondary feature. EXPLANATION OF PLATES VIII ann IX. Abbreviations. atg 10—arm of 10th tergite. pm—chitinous process of right lobe. bc—hbasipodite of cercus. of phallus. bs—basivalvula. pr—paraproct. c—cercus. sa—supra-anal plate. cxr, cxl—right and left coxites. st 9—9th sternite. cxp—process of right coxite. tg 9, tg 10—9th and 10th tergites. es—eversible sac. vd—dorsa! valvula. Im—lamine forming part of clasping vfi—valvifer. apparatus. _ vi—inner valvula. ventral valvula. lr, ll!—right and left lobes of phallus. vv THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 139 Plate VIII.—Grylloblatta campodeiformis, terminal abdominal segments and genitalia of male. 1, adult, dorsal view; 2, same, ventral view; 3, same, caudal view; 4, same, ventro-caudal view; 5, nymph, stage A, ventral view; 6, nymph, stage B, ventral view; 7, same, caudal view. Plate IX.—Grylloblatta campodeiformis. 8, adult male, right lateral view of terminal abdominal segments; 9, left lateral view of same; 10, female nymph, ventral view of terminal segments; 11, same with ventral valves bent forward to show inner valves; 12, diagram of probable method of coupling; 13, adult male dorsal view; 14, male nymph, stage A; 15, male nymph, stage B. Toe MAY-FPLY OVIPOSITOR, WITH NOTES ON LEPTOPHLEBIA AND HAGENULUS.* BY EMILY REED MORRISON, WASHINGTON, D.C. The biological and morphological information contained in this paper was obtained from field trips made at Cornell University in the early summer of 1917, and from a laboratory study of the material thus collected and of related forms in the University collection. The work was undertaken at the sug- gestion of Dr. J. G. Needham who called the writer’s attention to this may-fly and to the unusual structure present on the seventh and eighth abdominal segments of the adult female, and suggested that it might prove an interesting subject for a summer’s study, an examination of other related species perhaps revealing similar modifications heretofore unnoted. For this original suggestion and for subsequent additions and corrections to the work, the writer is greatly indebted to him. This species was first described by Dr. Needham (3) as Choroterpes bettent from specimens which had been collected by Dr. Cornelius Betten near Hamburg, N.Y., in 1906. Only adults were available for study at that time, and the species was doubtfully referred to the genus Choroterpes. Ten years later Dr. Needham found a swarm of little red may-flies near McLean, New York, which upon examination proved to be the same species; and in the nearby stream were the reddish-brown nymphs which he suspected to be its immature form. An examination of the nymphs showed that they belonged to the genus Leptophlebia. The observations and breeding work of the writer confirmed Dr. Needham’s opinion that both nymphs and adults were the same species, Leptophilebia bettenv. Habitat. The local habitat of this species is rather unique. It lies in the midst of -a series of peat and grass bogs which are located near McLean, New York. Both the fauna and flora of this region are extremely localized, owing to the peculiar manner of the formation of peat bogs. The water in the streams which run through the peat bogs is of a deep coffee colour. Itisin such a coffee-coloured stream which runs from a pond in the midst of the bogs that the nymphs of Leptophlebia betteni live, on logs which have dropped into the stream and have become water soaked and partially rotted. The brown nymphs were found in the longitudinal fissures of these logs, and so closely do they resemble the wet wood in colour that it is impossible to distinguish them when they remain motionless. On the logs with them may be found numerous Parnid beetles, ee from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University. une, 191 : 140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Bryozcans and fresh water sponges, together with the comb-horned fish fly, Chauliodes; the green may-fly, Baetis; Chironomid larve; the stone fly Perla; such caddis worms as Hydropsyche; and the Hydrophilid beetle, Hydrobius globosus. This may-fly is also extremely localized in habitat for the imagos were found for a distance of only about twenty feet and were abundant fer only about six feet. The immature forms were found in the stream opposite this place of greatest abundance. At this point the stream Led breaks into gentle riffles in which lives the mollusk, Anodonta footiana, in some numbers. Just above the riffles the stream bed, changes abruptly to soft, black ooze which is filled with another mollusk, Spheriwm. The writer visited the stream on the 25th and 30th of June, hoping to find the may-flies swarming, and if possible to observe mating and oviposition. However, the season had been late and cold and there were no swarms, although the nymphs were transforming; both subimagos and adults were clinging to the herbage and shrubs along the stream. Although no egg masses could be found, there were many of the small brown nymphs on the water-soaked wood, and from some of these which were carried into the laboratory it was possible to rear both sub-imagos and adults. Description of the Stages. Egg. A dissection of the ovaries of a female of this species showed the presence of about six hundred eggs. The following description was made from material thus obtained. The egg (PI. X, Fig. 9) is broadly ovate, .195 mm. long, by .11 mm. wide. The surface of the egg shell is laid off in numerous minute hexe- gonal areas with depressed centres. The dissected material was translucent whitish, and it was necessary to stain the shell to bring out the reticulation clearly. Nymph. The fully grown nymph (PI. X, Fig. 8) is 7 mm. long with the three anal sete 4 mm. long and subequal, and the antenne 1.7 mm. long. The body is elongate, slender, flat below and slightly convex above. It is widest at the mesothorax, while the prothorax is slightly narrower than the head. The wing pads project posteriorly over the margins of the first two segments of the abdo- men. The abdomen is long and narrow, twice as long as the head and thorax combined, widest at the sixth segment and with segments eight and nine pro- duced posteriorly at each lateral margin into a triangular spine, while the caudal margins of segments nine and ten bear a fringe of spines dorsally. The deeply bifurcate abdominal gills are present on the lateral margins of segments one to seven and are all approximately equal in length, with broad basal portion about half as long as each of the slender terminal filaments. The body above is reddish brown in colour and slightly lighter beneath. Mouth Parts of the Nymph. The labrum (PI. X, Fig. 1) is larger than wide and rather deeply incised medially, while on the under surface are a number of fine hairs which aid in straining food particles from the water. The mandibles are very roughly and irregularly triangular in shape, with the articulation and muscle attach- ment occupying about half of the base and with a group of large, erect fangs Can. Ent VovscbI. PEATE 2X: If, Ih, re ily fll My ' | | wii —Ts4 LEPTOPHLEBIA BETTENI (NEEDHAM) AND L. PRAEPEDITA ETN.(?) 142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST projecting at right angles to the axis of each mandible near its apex, while just within this group of fangs is the much smaller movable endopodite, terminating in a tiny brush of differentiated long and short hairs. The molar surface of the right mandible (Pl. X, Fig. 4) is situated on the lateral margin, while that of the left mandible (PI. Fig. 3) is on the outer anterior margin. Each maxilla (Pl. X, Fig. 6) is made up of a basal portion, the cardo, which is roughly broad- triangular in shape and apparently divided into two sclerites. A united galea, lacinia and stipes, oblong in shape, more or less constricted in the middle, with apex diagonally truncate and the base rounded off on the inner side, is ap- parently attached to both sclerites of the cardo. A short suture at the inner apical corner of this combined sclerite marks the only differentiation between the galea and lacinia, while these structures cannot be separated from the stipes. A thick brush of long, fine hairs borders the truncate distal margin of the galea. The four-segmented palpi are attached about midway on the outer margin of this combined sclerite, with the basal segment minute tringular and the remaining segments elongate cylindrical. The second and fourth palpal segments are subequal in length, the third is a little shorter. The apical seg- ment terminates in a cluster of hairs nearly as long as the segment. The labium (Pl. X, Fig. 5) consists of a ligula divided into oval glossee and much wider para- glosse, a pair of large, three-segmented labial palps, and a very much reduced and undifferentiated mentum, submentum and palpifer. The gloss are clothed, except at the base with short, fine hairs, have a row of short, stout spines on the lateral margin, and terminate at the apex in a hook-like spine. The hairs on the distal portion of the paraglosse are much longer than those on the glcssz. The apical segment of each labial palpus possesses a row of rather stout hairs on its inner margin, while there are finer hairs on the outer margins of the basal segments. The hypopharynx (PI. X, Fig. 2) which normally fies closely applied to the labium, is divided into a central piece and two large lateral lobes which have long, fine hairs on their distal portions, while there are two short tufts close to the median margin of the central piece. Adult. (Pl; X) Fig. 10). Dr. Needham (3) has described the adult as follows :— ‘“? Choroterpes bettent “Length 5-6 mm.; expanse 10-11 mm.; sete of the male 5-6 mm., and of the female 414-5 mm.; colour nearly uniform, dark reddish brown, slightly paler on the middle abdominal segments in the female; wings hyaline, veins pale brown; legs yellowish brown, hind femur with two darker bands, fore femur of the female wholly dark; sete pale yellowish with brown rings, three in num- ker, equal; forceps of the male pale brownish, darker beneath with one very long basal and two very short apical joints.”’ x, X, Male Genitalia. The male genitalia follow the general plan of structure which is constant in all of the species of Leptophlebia which were examined. They (Pl. X, Fig. 13) consist of paired penes placed between the forceps, each limb of which is made up of ore lerg stout, slightly tapering basal segment and two small oval terminal segrents, cqual in size. The penes form an unjointed lobe-like pro- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 143 tuberance, akcut half the length of the basal forceps arm, the paired arrange- ment, which shows distinctly in other specics, being indicated only by a deep median cleft. The sperm ducts terminate in a pair of openings at the end of the paired lobes, while from below the middle of each margin there projects upwards and outwards as far as the base of the lobe, an elongate slender struc- ture, slightly clavate near the apex. So very distinct are these variations in structure that they may be used to separate the species. Thus in Leptophlebia mollis (Pl. XI, Fig. 11, 12) the basal portion of the basal forceps segment is decidedly enlarged and there extends from each of the divided penes a distinctly sword-shaped protrusion.. And in a form clcsely resembling Leptophlebia prepedita* (Pl. XI, Fig. 13, 14) there is a smail, additional segment at the base of each forcep limb, and the penes are long with a proportionately smaller lateral extension. The Ovipositor in May-flies. That a modification of the abdominal segments about the egg-valve, (that is ventrally between segments seven and eight) exists in certain may-flies, has previously to the description of L. betteni, been noted apparently by but two other workers. Dr. Hagen (2) seems to have been the first to note the presence of any such mecdification, for he states (p. 2) “Some of the females have a rounded egg-valve at the antepenultimate abdominal plate;’’ and again in character- izing the genus Pofamanthus which included the Leptophlebia of modern writers, he states (p. 17) that the egg-valve is long. Dr. Eaton (1) in his Monograph of the Ephemeride, (p. 2) makes the following statement :— “In the female the oviducts terminate separately in the joining of the seventh and eighth segments; there is no real ovipositor, but in some genera (e. g., Heptagenia) the apex of the seventh segment is produced into a short, rounded flap, and in one Hagenulus this projection takes the form of a spout.” In order to determine if this modification existed in any other forms, the writer made an examination of several species of the genus Leptophlebia, of the related genus Choroterpes, and the genus Heptagenia, all of which had been collected near Ithaca, New York. In Choroterpes and Heptagenia no trace of such a condition could be found, but in two species of Leptophlebia other than betteni there was a marked differentiation in the ventral structure of seg- ments seven and eight between which the egg-valve opens. Leptophilebia mollis shows the simplest condition in this respect. The ventral portion of segment seven extends backward very slightly, as compared with the other abdominal segments, to form a broad truncated lobe, under which lie the two openings of the oviducts. Plate XI, Fig. 10 shows the ventral aspect of the abdomen at this point. In the centre of segment seven are two prominent conjoined ganglia (m) on either side of which lies an oviduct (0) filled with eggs, opening beneath the lobe. The modification of segment eight consists of two rounded chitinous ridges, converging posteriorly, covered with small *“This is the Leptophlebia prepedita (?) Etn. of Needham’s ‘May-flies and Midges of New York’”’ (N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 86, pp. 49-51, 1904, Pl. 11, Fig. 1, 2) and the nymph is there described. The gills lack the basal tracheal stubs that are shown in both the forms figured in this paper.’’—J. G. N. 144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST spinules, with a concave area between the ridges, placed on the anterior third of the segment and extending nearly to the truncate lobe of the seventh segment. In Leptophlebia submarginata these last mentioned ridges are closer together and shorter and completely covered by a mid-ventral triangular prolongation of the apex of segment seven. In Leptophlebia prepedita (?) (Pl. X, Fig. 11) the posterior portion of the seventh abdominal sternite is still more elongated, extending outward and backward so as to be distinctly visible from the side. Segment eight is but slightly modified. Leptophlebia betteni shows a further specialization in which both segments seven and eight are conspicuously involved (PI. X, Fig. 12). The greatest development occurs in segment eight, the expanded portion of which is extended ventrally into a long and narrow, distinctly ovipositor-like organ the tip of which is quite heavily chitinized and basally into a short egg guide. A backward prolongation of segment seven forms with segment eight a channel for the passage of the eggs. An internal dissection showed that the oviducts, extend to the egg-valve and open separately at its base. One species of Hagenulus, which is found in Cuba has a much longer ovipositor-like extension (Pl. XI, Fig. 8) than has Leptophlebia betient. A female specimen of this form, which is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge, Mass., was kindly leaned by Dr. Nathan Banks, and upon examination it was found that segment seven extends beyond the apex of the abdomen, folding together toward the tip in a tubular form with an opening on the upper surface. Three chitinous ridges extend along the under surface, converging to the tip. The oviducts extend and open separately, the eggs passing into the ovipositor in two strings whose identity is lost as they pass out of the aperture in a cylinder. No nymphs of the genus Hagenulus have hitherto been made known; but a specimen collected by Professor C. F. Baker in Cuba and sent to Dr. Needham, in whose slide collection it now appears, dissected and mounted, has enabled the writer to present herewith Figures 1 to 7 of Piate XI. Noteworthy are the inequilateral gills, the form of both labial and maxillary palpi, and most re- markable of all, the extraordinary lateral extension of the labium, its breadth greatly exceeding that of the head. Bibliography. (1) 1883. Eaton, Rev. Alfred Edwin. A Revisional Monograph of Recent Ephemerida or May-flies—Part I by Rev. A. E. Eaton. In the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2nd Ser. Zoology, Vol. IIT, Part 1 (18838) p. 1-281, pl. 1-63. (2) 1863. Hagen, Hermann August. Synopsis of the British Ephemerida. In the Entomologist’s Annual for MDCCCLXIII, (1863) p. 1-35. (3) 1908. Needham, James ‘s. New Data Concerning May-flies and Dragon Flies of New York. In Museum Bulletin 124, 33rd Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious and Other Insects of the State of New York, 1907 (1908), p. 188-198, pl. 10. Can. Ent., Vor. LI. PrArE or HAGENULUS AND LEPTOPHLEBIA; STRUCTURAL DETAILS. 145 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST EXPLANATION OF PLATES. Plate X. Leptophlebia bettent. 1. Labrum of nymph. 2. Hypopharynx of nymph. 3. Left mandible of nymph. < 4. Right mandible of nymph. MG 5. Labium of nymph. i 6. Maxilla of nymph. Abdominal gill of nymph. 8. Fully grown nymph. 9: _ Eve, ‘* 10. Adult female. Leptophlebia prepedita (?). 11. Lateral view of end of abdomen of female. s Leptophlebia bettent. ‘42. Lateral view of end of abdomen of female, showing an egg partly extruded between the prolongations of segments 7 and &. Plate XI. Hagenulus sp. Figure 1. Hypopharynx of nymph. 2. Right mandible of nymph. 3. Left mandible of nymph. a3 4, Maxilla of nymph. 5. Labium of nymph. 6. Head and labium of nymph. 7. Inequilateral abdominal gill of nymph. Hagenulus caligiatus. 8. Lateral view of end of abdomen of adult female, showing ovipositor bearing extruded egg-mass at its tip. Leptophlebia submarginata (European). 9. Ventral view of segments 7, 8 and 9 of female, 7 and 8 being slightly separated to show prolongations that form the egg-guide. Leptophlebia mollis. ‘ ‘* 10. Ventral view of segments 7 and 8 of adult female. ‘* 11. Lateral view of male abdominal appendages. ‘12. Dorsal view of male abdominal appendages. Leptophlebia prepedita (?). ‘18. Dorsal view of male abdominal appendages. ‘14. Laterai view of male abdominal appendages. DELPHACID4 OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM—ERRATUM. On p.7, line 16, for ‘'3, Pundaluoya simplex Dist.” read “3, Pundaluoya simplicia Dist.” F. Murr. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 147 THE PROPLEURA AND THE PRONOTAL SULCI OF THE ORTHOPTERA. BY E. MELVILLE DUPORTE, MACDONALD COLEEGE (MCGILL UNIVERSITY). A few months ago while studying the musculature of Gryllus pennsyl- vanicus, | was impressed by the evident homology of the muscles of the mess- and metapleura with those attached to what I then thought was simply an entopleural apodeme of the prothorax. It occurred to me that this process might really represent the propleuron which externally is limited to a small ~ triangular sclerite in front of the coxa. Examination of other Orthoptera convinced me of the correctness of this view. Recently Crampton* has shown that in Dissostetra carolina the pleural region is not ‘“‘crowded out”’ but overgrown by the pronotum. This is the first published observation on this peculiar con- dition in the Orthoptera, and it has induced me to ccllect and publish my own notes on the subject. I was pleased that Dr. Crampton in his paper drew attention to the mis- application of the terms prescutum, scutum, scutellum and postscutellum, in re- ference to the areas of the pronotum cut off by the sulci. Since it is generally accepted that the sclerites of the meso- and metathorax to which these terms are applied developed as a consequence of the growth of wings on these segments, - and since there is no evidence that the prothorax has ever borne wings it is evident that the pronotal areas cannot be homologous with those of the hinder segments. . I hope to show that the overgrown pleuron is general throughout the Orthoptera (sens. sir.), and that the sulci of the pronotum are integumental folds which originated as the result of mechanical stress. a. THE PROPLEURON. The Acridiide (Pl. XII, Figs. 1-3, 12). Rhomalea microptera. (Figs. 1 and 2). Externally the episternum is visible as a small, triangular sclerite (Fig. 1, est.) protruding from beneath the anterior half of the ventral edge of the pronotum. The position of the over- grown region of episternum is indicated externally by a darker pigmented and more densely punctate area on the pronotum in front of the third sulcus, and its anterior edge is outlined by a lightly impressed dotted line (Fig. 1). The pronotum can be lifted and cut away from the episternum without difficulty as the two are not very closely united. From within the episternum appears as a triangular sclerite with a convex anterior edge. It extends dorsad nearly half way up the pronotum. Its posterior edge lies against the third sulcus and is inflexed, uniting with the similarly inflexed anterior edge of the epimeron to form the entopleurite (Fig. 2, entp.), a triangular ridge which at its apex near the ventral edge fuses with entosternite or furca. A similar entopleural ridge is formed in the meso- and metathorax of this and other orthopterous insects (cf. Fig. 18, entp. 2). The epimeron (Figs. 1 and 2, epm.) is a very narrow sclerite hardly visible externally except at its junction with the episternum. Its position, like that of the episternum, is indicated externally by a more densely punctate area at *Crampton, G. C., The Thoracic Sclerites of the Grasshopper, Dissosteira carolina, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., vol. XI, p. 347, Dec., 1918. June, 1919 148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the ventral edge of the pronotum. It tapers posteriorly to a point which is attached near the posterior ventral angle of the pronotum. Much the same conditions are found in the other Acridiida examined, viz., Melanoplus, Dissosteira, (Fig. 3) Stenobothrus, Chortophaga, Camnula and Acridium. The Tettigide. (Figs. 4 and 5). Tettix granulatus. A notch in the edge of the pronotum exposes a very small portion of the ventral edge of the episternum (Fig. 4, est). Internally the appearance is similar to that of the Acridiide. The episternum narrows more abruptly and the epimeron is shorter and more narrowed posteriorly. The entopleurite is thin and quite deep. The entosternal arch (Fig. 5, ents.) fuses with the entopleurite near its dorsal end and not, as in the Acridiide, near the ventral end. The Locustide. (Figs. 6, 7 and 8). Conocephalus (Fig. 6). Externally a very small, triangular portion of the episternum may be seen lying cephalo-laterad of the coxa. The greater portion of this sclerite, however, lies on the inner side of the pronotum extend- ing more than half way towards the dorsal median line. The anterior edge is inflexed slightly and almost parallel with the posterior edge; the dorsal edge is rounded. The entopleural ridge projects ventrally and articulates with the coxa. At the dorsal end of the pleuron the epimeron is represented by a very small, narrow sclerite. At the ventral end there is a short, narrow, rod-like sclerite projecting backwards in much the same position as the epimeron in the Acridiide but very much more reduced. The pleural regions of Xiphidium are very similar to those of Conocephalus. Microcentrum (Fig. 7). Here the episternum is triangular, tapering dorsally. The epimeron is very narrow and, as a free sclerite, is confined to the dorsal haif of the pleuron. It projects dorsally some distance beyond the episternum. Ceuthophilus maculatus (Fig. 8). The episternum is broad and deeply bilobed. The entopleural ridge is strong and curved; the epimeron is very narrow, widest at the dorsal end and extending almost to the ventral edge of the pronotum. The Grylliide. (Figs. 9, 10, 11). Gryllus pennsylvanicus (Figs. 9 and 10). The pleuron extends dorsad almost to the rsedian line. It is irregular in shape, and as it follows the curve of the pronotum is itself pronouncedly curved. The episternum is narrow but well developed, and the ventral edge projects slightly below the pronotal edge. The entopleural ridge is deep and projects ventrally, articulating with the coxa by a ball and socket joint. The epimeron is narrow and is best de- veloped dorsally. It does not descend as far as the ventral edge of the pronotum. (Ecanthus nigricornis (Fig. 11). In (E£canthus the pleuron is completely overgrown by the pronotum. The anterior ventral angle projects slightly beyond the membranous integument (shown by the dotted line) connecting the pronotum and the sternal sclerites, so this small portion of the episternum cen be seen on the ventral side beneath the flange-like edge of the pronotum. The episternum is broadly oblong. The entopleural ridge is narrow and but Can. Ent., Vor. LI Pra Xl, ce: ee —_— pronofum PROPLEURAL AND PRONOTAL SULCI OF ORTHOPTERA. (Page 153.) 150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST slightly raised; as in the Locustids and in the other Gryllids it projects ventrally and articulates with the coxa. The epimeron is very narrow, almost as deep as the episternum and practically uniform in width except at the ventral end, where it projects farther caudad. It is entirely an internal sclerite. In the insects described it is possible to trace a distinct gradation in the development of the propleura as ental sclerites. In the Acridiide (Figs. 1-3) the ventral end of the pleuron had undergone but little change and still stretches from the anterior to the posterior end of the prothorax. The epimeron is greatly reduced dorsally, much more so than the episternum. It is possible to lift the edge of the pronotum and show that the episternum is a continuous sclerite overgrown by the pronotum. In the Tettigide (Figs. 4, 5) the epimeron is still further reduced. In the Locustide (Figs. 6-8) the ventral end of the epimeron no longer extends to the posterior end of the segment but is gradually disappearing, the last vestige of it remaining in the Conocephaline (Fig. 6). After this we find the epimeron reduced to a very narrow sclerite, best developed dersally. In Ceuthophilus (Fig. 8), except for the broad anterior lobe the pleuron closely resembles that of the Gryllide (Figs. 9 and 10). In the Locustide and Gryllide, unlike the Acridiide, the episternum is fused with the ventral edge of the pronotum and (at least in the Gryllide) have only a muscular attachment with the inner face of the pronotum, so that the internal portion of the pleuron has the appearance of a process of the small externally visible portion of the episternum; only by comparison with the Acridiida, and by a study of their musculature in comparison with that of the hinder segments of the thorax can their true nature be definitely ascertained. The Musculature of the Propleuron. (Figs. 12 and 13). The reason why the propleuron has persisted in spite of the fact that its position and function as an external lateral wall of the prothorax has been usurped by the overgrowing tergite, probably lies in the fact that important muscles of the leg arise from its inner surface.’ As fewer of these muscles arise from the epimeron this sclerite is accordingly more reduced than the episternum. If we examine the mesopleuron of Gryllus (Fig. 13) we find the following muscles arising from the episternum. 40a. From the basalar sclerite, a detached portion of the episternum, into the anterior edge of the trochanter. An extensor of the femur. 42. From the dorsal edge of the episternum into the anterior,edge of the coxa. An extensor of the coxa. 43. From near the middle of the sclerite zuto, (1) the precoxale, (2) the trochantin, and (3) the anterior edge of the coxa. An extensor of the coxa. The pro-episterum of Rhomalea and Gryllus (Figs. 12 and 13) show homo- logues of these muscles as follows:— 25, homologue of 40a; 26, homologue of 42, and 27, hgmologue of 43. From the proepimeron a single muscle 25a originates. It is inserted into the anterior edge of the trochanter. I have not yet found its homologue in the hinder segments. A similar homology exists between the muscles of the propleuron and those of the metapleuron. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 151 be -DAE"SULcr: Rhomalea microptera (Figs. 1, 2 and 12), having four well developed prenctal sulci gives good material for a study of these structures. The first sulcus (su1) lies a very short distance behind the anterior edge of the pronotum and does not quite extend either to the median carina or to the ventral edge of the pronotum. The three other sulci all cut the median carina; the second (suz) runs about half way down the pronotum and curves forward; the third extends to the ventral edge, and its lower half is coincident with the entopleural ridge formed by the infolding of the contiguous edges of the episternum and epimeron; the fourth runs from the median carina almost to the postero-ventral angle of the pronotum. An examination of Figure 12 will show that the first sulcus lies near the line where the infolded integumental membrane of the anterior end of the pronotum merges into the cervical membrane, and marks the furthest point to which the head may be retracted within the prothorax. This sulcus may be regarded then as marking the extremity of the primitive prothorax, the portion of the pronotum in front of this being probably a later developed growth forming a flange to receive and protect the retracted head. The anterior sulcus represents the fold which would naturally be formed when this flanking piece is pushed back by the retracted head. That this is the case is shown in Tettix granulatus (Fig. 5) where the prosternum has grown forward, completing the flange formed by the pronotum. In this insect the anterior notal sulcus is continuous with a sternal sulcus (s.su) which marks the position of the anterior end of the sternum in other Orthoptera. A similar explanation accounts for the origin of the fourth sulcus (sus). As Crampton (l.c.) has pointed out, the third sulcus originated with the infolding of the contiguous edges of the pleural sclerites to which it is closely attached. This accounts for the origin of the lateral portion of the sulcus, and it will be noted that in Dissosteira and many other insects this sulcus does not extend to the dorsal portion of the pronotum. The dorsal portion of this sulcus in Rhomalea arose as a result of the pull of the muscles which are attached to it, viz., one head of the third pronotal muscle (20) and one of the elevator of the head (4). The origin of the second sulcus (suz) is also due to the pull given the integu- ment by the muscles attached to it. These muscles are an elevator of the head (4), a rotator of the head (8), one head of the third pronotal muscle (19), and an extensor of the coxa (23). At the time the sulci were formed the integument was aronably more flexible and less highly chitinized than it is at present. The method of origin of the second sulcus is well illustrated in the condition which now obtains in the flexible sutural membrane between the pro- and mesonotum. Here the _ pull of the first (XIX) and third (19, 20) pronotal muscles has produced a distinct fold in the integument (Fig. 12 F.). The hardening of this membrane would undoubtedly produce a sulcus exactly similar to those of the pronotum. SUMMARY. 1. The propleuron in the Orthoptera has not been forced out by the downgrowing notum, but has persisted on the inner side of the pronotum which has grown over it. Can. Ent., Vou. LI. : PLATE XIII. PROPLEURAL AND PRONOTAL SULCI OF ORTHOPTERA. (Page 153.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 153 2. The episternum, epimeron and entopleural ridge can be easily dis- tinguished though in most cases greatly modified. 3. The pleural sclerites have probably persisted because of their muscular attachments. 4. The musculature of the propleuron is similar to that of the mesopleuron and metapleuron. 5. The sulci are integumental folds formed by mechanical stress due to (a) the pulling of the head and mesothorax against the pronotum, (b) the in folding of the pleural suture, and (c) the pull of the prothoracic muscles at- tached to them. REFERENCE LETTERING. fom —Ccoxa. Muscles. epm. epimeron. a 4. Elevator of head. entp. entopleurite. 5. Retractor of head. ents. entosternite. 6, 7, 8. Rotators of head. est. | episternum. 19, 20, XIX. Retractors of the pro- F. fold in sutural membrane. notum. aa base of head. 22, 26, 27, 42; 43. Extensors of the pex. precoxale. coxa. s. su. sternal sulcus. 23. Flexor of the coxa. su. sulcus. 25, 25a, 40a. Extensors of the femur. tii: trochantin. 44. Depressor of the wing. it: trochanter. . ve. veracervix. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Fig. 1. External view of the pronotum and propleuron of Rhomalea micro- ptera. 2. Internal view of same. 3. Internal view of pronotum and propleuron of Dissosteira carolina. 4. External view of pronotum and propleuron of Tettix granulatus. © 5. Internal view of same. 6. Internal view of pronotum and propleuron of Conocephalus. 7. Same of Microcentrum. 8. Same of Ceuthophilus maculatus. ‘ 9. Same of Gryllus pennsylvanicus. * 10. Anterior view of detached propleuron of G. pennsylvanicus. “11. Internal view of pronotum and propleuron of Oecanthus nigricornis. “12. Musculature of the propleuron and pronotal sulci of Rhomalea micro- plera. “13. Musculature of pro- and mesopleuron of Gryllus pennsylvanicus. Change of Name.—Prof. R. W. Dawson, of Lincoln, Neb., who is making a special study of the genus Serica informs me that my Serica carinata (Cole- optera of Indiana, 1910, p. 950) is preoccupied by Serica carinata Burmeister (Handbuch IV, 2, p. 175). I, therefore, propose for my Indiana species the name Serica evidens, sp. nov. W. S. BLATCHLEY. 154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NORTH AMERICAN SARCOPHAGIDé: FLIES OF GENUS METOPO- SARCOPHAGA TOWNSEND.* BY R. R. PARKER, BOZEMAN, MONT. The writer described the species Sarcophaga pachyprocta in 1916 (Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 24, pp. 171-175). In connection with the description it was noted that the species was considered to represent a form separable from Sarcophaga and possibly should be placed in a distinct genus, but the writer refrained from so doing till it was possible to examine other closely related species. In 1917, however, Townsend made this species the genotype of Metopo- sarcophaga (Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., vol. 30, pp. 46) but mentioned no other species as belonging to the genus. In the same paper (p. 43) Sarcophaga incurva Aldrich was made the genotype of Thelyleptococnema. It is the writer’s opinion, however, that the two species are congeneric and Metoposarcophaga is hereby designated as the name of the genus. WM. tothilli and M. pachyproctosa, new species of the genus, are described in this paper. The following characters are common to the males of all four species :— parafrontals and gene silvery grey; front broad, very prominent in profile;- vestiture of back of head black or with some light coloured hair close to foramen (in pachyprocta); lateral verticals present, greater ocellars as strong or stronger than uppermost pair of frontals; frontal bristles not numerous (six to seven, sometimes eight or nine); epaulet dark; anterior acrostichals well developed; scutellar apicals absent or weak and hair-like; lower sternopleura with bristles only; vestiture of nota of short reclinate bristles that become longer and more slender ventrally; vestiture of fourth ventral plate erect; posterior surface of anterior tibia with two bristles about one-third from distal end (only one in Sarcophaga and Ravinia); first genital segment much larger than second and its vestiture longer; marginal bristles absent; forceps slender, bent so that prongs are at a pronounced angle to the base; accessory plate at side of forceps (not anterior to them as in Ravinia, etc.), erect and hiding at least part of base of forceps (in fothilli and incurva only tip of forceps visible from side); claspers on each side united basally (not separate as in Ravinia, etc.); posterior clasper with variously shaped expanded base with bristle at upper anterior angle, distally with a curved hook. The genus quite naturally divides into two groups, the pachyprocta group, containing pachyprocta and pachyproctosa, and the incurva group containing incurva and tothilli. The pachyprocta group is distinguished by the following characters :— three pairs posterior dorsocentrals; scutellar apicals absent; first vein bristly; costal spine present; posterior tibize of normal length; ventrally sides of fourth notum with marginal bristles only; profile of genital segments as in Fig. 1; first genital segment grey pollinose. The penes and claspers very similar but not alike, forceps essentially the same. Characters of incurva group:—four pairs posterior dorsocentrals (some- times five); scutellar apicals, if present, weak and hair-like; only third vein bristly; costal spine vestigial; pesterior tibia much shorter than femur or tarsus; ventrally sides of fourth notum clothed with long, slender bristles; profile of _ *Contribution trom the Entomological Laboratory of the Montana State College, Bozeman, Mont. June, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 155 genital segments as in figure 2; first genital segment dull orange, darkened anteriorly; claspers and forceps are essentially alike in both species. Examination of the figures shows that there is a fundamental likeness in the structure of the accessory genital parts of all four species. TABLE OF SPECIES. 1. Four or more posterior dorsocentrals, posterior tibia very shott.................. 2. Three posterior dorsocentrals, posterior tibia of normal length....................3. 2. Posterior femur normal, tibia short, but not distorted................ tothilli, n. sp. Posterior femur very large with protuberance beneath bearing a ‘*brush,”’ EMERGE AIS ISL GCECR ss 2522 22.2 .021 5's eaten ee ee incurva Aldrich. 3. Anterior clasper reversed S-shaped, penis on long, slender = I ee acess ow agig sun 3 Sun deena np on ncaa scene eee pachyproctosa, n. sp. Anterior clasper with distal hook and large expanded base, penis on short Ne acc ooo cdeidan ds dine devas onanotoodssecnaven pachyprocta (R. Parker). Metoposarcophaga tothilli, n. sp. Holotype (male).—Collection of R. R. Parker. Male.—Parafrontals and gene silvery grey; vestiture of back of head black except for some light coloured hairs just below foramen (difficult to see) ; lateral verticals present, greater ocellars well developed, section III of costa about equal to section X; leg vestiture short; anterior face of posterior femur with only upper row of bristles complete; posterior tibize very short, much shorter than either femur or tarsus; anterior acrostichals present; four pairs posterior dorso- centrals (sometimes five); genital segments dull orange except that first is darkened anteriorly. Length 6-10 mm. Head viewed from side parafrontals and gene with dark reflections; trans- verse impression same colour as gene. Breadth of front at narrowest part about three-fifths eye width; cheek height approximately three-sevenths that of eye. Front very prominent; width of frontal vitta variable but at narrowest part of front at least twice width of each parafrontal. Second antennal segment dark; third about twice length of second; arista short plumose about to middle. Vesti- ture of back of head black. Gena with scattering hairs above, below with a row close to lower eye orbit. Chetotaxy.—Lateral verticals present; vibrisszee inserted slightly above line of oral margin; greater ocellars well developed; frontal rows of bristles extending to or slightly below base of vitta, the lower few pairs derergent from edges of vitta. Thorax.—Vestiture of mesonotum black, cilia-like, slightly reclinate. Wings.—Anterior cross-vein more basal than end of first longitudinal; third vein bristly; costal spine vestigial; section III of costa practically equal to section V; calypters whitish, fringed with white hair. Legs.—Dark, vestiture short. Anterior face of posterior femur with com- plete upper row of bristles, intermediate row absent, lower row with a few rather weak distal bristles; tibia very short, beardless, about three-fourths length of femur, much shorter than tarsus, middle femur without ‘“‘comb.” Chetotaxy.—Well developed. Anterior acrostichals present; inner pre- suturals absent; four pairs posterior dorsocentrals (sometimes five); prescutellar 156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST acrostichals present; scutellar apicals absent or scarcely differentiated; three sternopleurals; lower sternopleura with bristles only. Abdomen.—Rather short. Clothed above with short, reclinate bristles, beneath with longer, more erect hair; on each side ventral portion of fourth notum clothed with long, slender bristles (not confined to edge as in most species of Sarcophaga); ventral plates not rounded posteriorly, fourth clothed with erect hair. Chetotaxy.—Second segment without marginal bristles or, if present, short, decumbent and inconspicuous; third with two, sometimes very weak; fourth with complete marginal row. Genital Segments.—Both dull orange except that first is darkened anteriorly. First much the larger, marginal bristles absent: second, flattened, vestiture shorter than that of first; anal area small. Forceps slender, abruptly curved “ i : ; ac, asa i fu p.cs Sigg 78 | Bie Sy Stayer P: 5 ne. Fig. 22.—Metoposarcophaga spp., male genitalia. (Page 157.) at right angles to the basal portion, distal end slightly enlarged with a short tooth directed forward; forceps in profile view except tip concealed by accessory plate. Penis and accessory parts almost identical with those of M. incurva Aldrich. Described from nine male specimens. Range.—British Columbia; Savary Island, July 13, 18, 20, 31, 1917, (R. S. Sherman, collector). Holotype taken in same locality and by same collector on July 18, 1917. The writer has two females which are obviously either M. incurva or M. tothilli and though the posterior tibia is shorter than the tarsus, it is not as short as in the males of these species nor does it present the peculiar structural modi- fications found in M. incurva. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 157 Metoposarcophaga pachyproctosa, n. sp. Holotype (male).—Collection of R. R. Parker. Allotype (female).—Collection of R. R. Parker. This species is so close to M. pachyprocta that a repetition of the description is unnecessary. So far as observed the only reliable differences between the males of the two species are to be found in the characters of the genitalia as here listed. M. pachyproctosa. 1. Anterior clasper reversed S-shaped (Fig. 12). 2. Penis distinctive, but with long, slender base (Fig. 12). 3. Fifth ventral plate distinctive (Fig. 13). M. pachyprocta. 1. Anterior clasper with broad expanded basai portion (Fig. 9). 2. Penis distinctive, with short base (Fig. 10). 3. Fifth ventral plate distinctive (Fig. 7). In addition the second genital segment of pachyproctosa is dull orange throughout, and there is a narrow, posterior, dull orange band on the first seg- ment, whereas in pachyprocta the second segment is more or less greyish pollinose and the grey pollen of the first segment extends to the middle portion of the posterior margin, at least. These characters may well be variable, however. I have three females collected in the same locality as the above males. These females are not separable from those of pachyprocta, but this species has never been found in several lots of materal from Savary Island. The females are therefore assumed to be those of pachyproctosa. Described from two male and three female specimens. Range.—British Columbia; Savary Island, July 9, and Aug. 11, 1916. July 11 and 12, 1917, (R. S. Sherman, collector). M. pachyprocta is known to occur in Mass., N. Y., N.J., Pa., Va., N.C., peer, toa. fa, Ind; Ohio, Col., S: Ds, Calif., Maniteba, Cuba (?) and Hayti (?): M. pachyproctosa and M. tothilli are known only from British Columbia: M. tncurva occurs in N. Mex., Mont., and British Columbia. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 1. Profile view of genital segments of MW. pachyprocta R. Parker and M. pachyproctosa, n. sp. 2. Profile view of genital segments of M. incurva Aldrich and M. tothilli, Nn. sp. 3. Penis of M. tothilli. 4, Claspers of M. tothillt. 5. Forceps-and accessory plate of M. tothilli. 6. Fifth ventral plate of VW. tothilli. 7. Fifth ventral plate of MW. pachyprocta. 8. Forceps and accessory plate of M. pachyprocta. 9. Claspers of M. pachyprocta. 10. Penis of M. pachyprocta. 11. Forceps and accessory plate of M. pachyproctosa. 12. Claspers and penis of M. pachyproctosa. 13. Fifth ventral plate of WM. pachyproctosa. 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ABBREVIATIONS. a. c. anterior clasper. p. c. posterior clasper. a. p. accessory plate. f. forceps. p. penis. g.s. 1 and g. s. 2 first and second genital segments. 5 v. p. fifth ventral plate. A NEW CISIDE GENUS WITH NEW SPECIES FROM MANITOBA. BY CHARLES DURY, CINCINNATI, OHIO. Dolichocis, new genus. This genus is proposed for a species of narrow and elongate form, having a combination of the characters of Cis and other described Ciside genera. It has the antenne 9-jointed, the elytra finely beaded along suture. The pro- thorax at side edges strongly margined and finely serrate. Dolichocis manitoba, n. sp. Elongate, narrow, oval in form. Brownish piceous in colour, when mature. Vestiture of rather sparse, pale sete. Punctures deep and strong, those of prothorax closer and finer than those of elytra. Head—epistoma subtruncate and margined. Palpi thick, with terminal joint oval and blunt at tip. Pro- thorax as long as wide, with sides rounded, margined and with finely serrate edges. Elytra two and one-fourth times as long as wide. Beneath the pro- sternum is flat between coxe, and long before them. Fore tibize not produced at outer tip. Males with a sharp, round fovea on first ventral. Length 2 mm.; width 07 mm. Aweme, Manitoba. Norman and Talbot Criddle. From fungus growing on ash and elm. Twenty specimens; in the Canadian National Collection at Ottawa, Ont., and in my collection at Cincinnati, Ohio. Cis criddlei, new species. Elongate, with sides straight, colour piceous, vaguely paler on posterior third. Vestiture of conspicuous hairs arranged without order. Head with epistoma truncate and narrowly reflected. Prothorax as wide as long, sides feebly rounded. Hind angles viewed from above almost right angled. Punctures dense and deep. Elytra twice as long as wide, more sparsely and coarsely punctured than the prothorax. Beneath, the male has a large fovea on first ventral segment. Length 2 mm.; width 1 mm. Aweme, Manitoba. Norman Criddle. Eight specimens; in Canadian National Collection at Ottawa, Ont., and my collection, Cincinnati, Ohio. This species is the size and shape of Cis wenzeli, but differs from that and all other species known to me in structural characters. June, 1919 _—-_ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 159 ON SOME TINGIDZ NEW TO THE FAUNA OF CANADA (HEMIP.). BY CARL J. DRAKE, SYRACUSE, N.Y.* Corythucha salicis Osborn and Drake. Specimens of this insect were taken on willow, Salix discolor, at Aweme Manitoba, Aug. 13, 1918, by Mr. N. Criddle; other specimens were co.lected at Trenton, Ontario, Sept. 11, 1910, by Mr. Evans. From the United States specimens are at hand from Montana, Wisconsin, New York, Massachusetts and New Jersey. The known food plants are willow, Salix spp., and currants; Ribes sp. Corythucha elegans Drake. Mr. H. Groh took a few specimens of this species at Ottawa, Ontario, Oct. 13, 1908, on poplar, Populus balsamifera; two specimens were collected in Ontario, July 27, 1903, by Mr. Evans. One specimen is before me that bears the locality label “{Mich.”’ The type specimens are from Colorado. During the summer of 1917 and 1918 the writer noted hundreds of specimens, adults, nymphs and eggs, on willow in the vicinity of Cranberry Lake, New York. Corythucha padi Drake. Chilliwack, British Columbia, collected by Prof. F. C. Ewing. This insect breeds upon the western choke cherry, Prunus demissa. Specimens have been examined from Oregon, Washington, Idaho and Montana. Corythucha parshleyi Gibson. Several specimens, collected on walnut (Juglans nigra), butternut (Juglans cincerea), Japanese walnut (Juglans sibboldiana) and juneberry (Amaelanchier intermedia). It is a common insect in the eastern part of United States, rang- ing from Canada to North Carolina. Corythucha heidemanni Drake. Two specimens, collected at Ottawa, Canada, by Mr. W. H. Harrington. This is a common insect that infests birch in the vicinity of Cranberry Lake, New York. * Corythucha betulz Drake. Two specimens from Ottawa, Canada, collected by Mr. Harrington. Thousands of specimens, adults, eggs and nymphs, have been seen by the writer _on yellow birch, Betula lenta, in Adirondack Mountains, near Cranberry Lake, New York, during the summers of 1917 and 1918. Two specimens have also been examined from Maine. Corythucha immaculata Osborn and Drake. Lilloet, British Columbia, collected by Mr. A. W. A. Phoir. This species infests balsam root, Balsamorrhiza sagittata. Specimens are at hand from Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Montana and California. Corythucha hewitti, new species. Four specimens, taken on hazelnut, Corylus americana, October 8, 1918, at Aweme, Manitobs, by Mr. N. Criddle. Length 2.78 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Type and paratype in the National Collection of Insects, Entomological Branch, Ottawa; paratype in the author's collection. Named in honour of Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist. Hood moderately elevated, the length slightly less than twice its height. *Contribution from the Department of Forest Entomology, the New York State College of ~; sla) OF al New York. une, 19 160 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Median carina slightly raised anteriorly; outer carine normal. Spines moder- ately long, the tips dark fuscous. Reticulations of the hood moderately large, slightly larger than those of the paranota. Tumid elevations of the elytra normal; costal area triseriate, the outer margin slightly concave. A small spot on the paranota, another on the median carina, and greater part of the dorsal portion of the hood dark fuscous. Body beneath blackish, sometimes slightly tinged with reddish. Nervures whitish. Elytra with a band across the base, another near the apex, a spot on the paranota, part of the inner portion of sutural area dark fuscous.. The apical band of the elytra without large hyaline cells; some cells with tiny hyaline centres. Legs and antenne yellowish white. Readily separated from the hazelnut tingid, Corythucha coryli Osborn and Drake, by the much less elevated hood. Akin to C. bellula Gibson, from which it may be distinguished by slightly longer spines, the globose portion of the hood being much less narrowed dorsally and not distinctly angulate at the crest, darker colour pattern, the apical band of elytra without large hyaline areole. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR NEW PARASITIC HYMENOPTERA. BY S. A. ROHWER, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D.C. Tetrastichus rugglesi, new species. Female.-—Length 1.75 mm. Subopaque dark blue, without sculpture; intraocellar line subequal with the ocellocular line; antenne eight-jointed; one ring joint a three-jointed funicle and two-jointed club; funicle joints subequal in length and subequal in length with the pedicle; club one-fourth shorter than two funicle joints, pointed apically, the apical joint longer than the preceding one; mesonotum with a rather faint median furrow; scutellum with two well- defined furrows; propodeum smooth, shining; prepectus sculptured like meso- pleure, i.e., smooth and shining; abdomen ovate, ovipositor sheath slightly exserted; costal margin of hind wing with one spine. Antenne brown; scape, tibia and tarsi and narrow apices of femora yellowish-white (tibiz somewhat infuscated medianly); wings hyaline, venation yellowish. T ype-locality.— University Farm, St. Paul, Minnesota. Described from. eleven females (one type) reared as parasites of A griius arcuatus by A. G. Ruggles. Material reared July 24, 1916, (type), July 11, 1916, and September 16, 1915. Type.—Cat. No. 22132. U.S. Nat. Mus. Trigonura hicoriz, new species. Female.—Length 4.5 mm. Head with large umbilicate punctures; area between eyes about one-fourth greater than length of eye; antennal fovez smooth; antenne thirteen-jointed with one ring joint; ocellocular line slightly shorter than the interocellar line, and not much greater than the greatest diameter of a lateral ocellus; thorax with large umbilicate punctures, smaller and closer on the prothorax; the depressed area of mesepisternum in which the middle leg fits transversely striate; legs shining with very fine scattered punctures; hind femora with eight teeth, the three apical teeth close and smaller, the posterior one well removed from the others; abdomen shining, the apical segment with large, irregular setigerous punctures. Black; a yellowish spot on venter; four June, 1919 Fi THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 161 anterior knees and all the tarsi yellowish-brown; wings hyaline; marginal and stigmatical veins black; a brown spot basad of stigma. Male.—Length 4.25mm. Except for usual differences, like female. Venter without yellow. Type-locality.—Syracuse, New York. Described from two females and five males reared from Hicoria glabra by M. W. Blackman and H. H. State and ~under their numbers H-171 (type), H-114 (allotype), H-955, H-134, H-892, H-1367 and H-212. Type.—Cat. No. 22098, U. S. Nat. Mus. Ecphylus hicoriz, new species. Readily distinguished from related American species by its colour and sculpture. Female.—Length to apex of abdomen 3 mm.; length of ovipositor 2.5 mm. Face granular and with irregular transverse, raised lines; frons and vertex with distinct transverse strie; posterior orbits smooth; postocellar line about half as long as ocellocular line; antennz 27-jointed, the third joint distinctly shorter than the fourth; pronotum with lateral angles prominent; prescutum punctured, and with a median impressed longitudinal line; notauli foveolate; scutellum without sculpture; propodeum coriaceous, reticulate in apical dorsal middle, a faint dorsal median longitudinal carina and a transverse carina at top of posterior aspect; recurrent interstitial with intercubitus; first tergite one-fourth longer than apical width, with distinct longitudinal striz, these more prominent laterally so there is a triangularly-shaped median area which is not so coarsely striate, - remaining abdominal segments smooth, polished. Black; abdomen beyond first segment rufous; basal joints of antenne and legs yellowish-ferruginous; pro- notum anteriorly and lower part of mesepisternum rufous (may not be constant) ; wings hyaline; venation dark brown. Male.—Length 3mm. Agrees with female except for usual differences. Type-locality.—Syracuse, New York. Described from three females and one male reared from Hicoria glabra by M. W. Blackman and H. H. Stage, and recorded under their numbers H-972 (type , H-956, H-947 and H-118a_allo- type). Type.—Cat. No. 22080, U.S. Nat. Mus. In the male and in one female the frons are partly ferruginous. Heterospilus blackmanni, new species. Because of the colour and length of ovipositor this new species would be grouped with consimilis Ashmead, but the sculpture is quite different from that species. Female.—Length to apex of abdomen 2.55; length of ovipositor 2.5 mm.; length of abdomen 1.25 mm. Head smooth, polished; ocelli in nearly an equi- lateral triangle; inner margins of eyes parallel, the distance between them somewhat greater than their length; antenna, 20-jointed, the third joint about one-fifth longer than the fourth; scutum and prescutum shining, practically without sculpture; notauli well defined, not foveolate; suture in front of scutellum finely foveolate; scutellum smooth, shining; dorsal lateral areas of the propodeum polished, median carina distinct; posterior face of propodeum finely coriaceous; first tergite about one-sixth longer than apical width, with distinct longitudinal 162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST striae; base of the second tergite longitudinally aciculate; most of the second and all of the remaining tergites smooth, polished ; mesepisternum smooth; sides of the propodeum sculptured fike the posterior face; second abcissa shorter than the first intercubitus; recurrent slightly beyond the intercubitus. Black; mandibles, three basal joints of antenne and the legs yellow; wings hyaline, venation pale brown, stigma somewhat darker. Male.—Length 2 mm. Agrees well with female except the second tergite is yellowish. T ype-locality.—Syracuse, New York. Described from five females and one male collected by M. W. Blackman and H. H. Stage from Hicoria glabra, and recorded under their numbers H-107 (1 type), H-608, H-1141, H-118 and H-608a (allotype). Type.—Cat. No. 22031, U. S. Nat. Mus. NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (RHYPHIDAD AND? ipa. DIPTERA) PART Vit BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, STATE LABORATORY OF NATURAL HISTORY, URBANA, ILLINOIS. FAMILY Rhyphide. Trichocera colei, new species. Thoracic stripes indistinct; wings light grey, yellowish at the base, a faint brown cloud on r-m; male hypopygium conspicuously enlarged. Male.—Length, including the hypopygium, about 7—7.5 mm.; wing 6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne of the male setaceous, black. Head dark grey. Mesonotum brownish grey without distinct stripes, the posterior half of the scutellum yellowish; postnotum dark. Pleura dark brown, sparsely grey pruinose. Halteres pale, the knobs dark. Legs light brown, the coxe, tro- chanters and bases of the femora paler. Wings with a faint grey tinge, the base of the wing yellowish; stigma brown, diffuse; a brownish cloud on r-m. Venation: Sc ending slightly before 7; Re+3 a very little longer than Re before 7. Abdomen dark brown, the incisures paler. Male hypopygium conspicuous, very large for this genus of flies. Pleurites with a group of sete near the distal end on the inner face. Pleural appendage longer than the pleurite, at the apex enlarged into a blackened lobe which is densely covered with short, erect, yellowish hairs; on the dorsal inner face near the base of this lobe, a slender cylindrical arm. Penis-guard broad at the base, rapidly narrowed to the blunt tip. Gonapophyses in the form of two strongly divergent chitinized horns. Habitat.—Oregon. Holotype—o, Forest Grove, Washington Co., November 11, 1918, (F. R. Cole). Type in the collection of the author. Paratype.—o’, Vancouver, Washington, Dec. 12, 1918, (Wm. Giles); reared from turnips. In the collec- tion of the U. S. National Museum, Chittenden, No. 2772. The conspicuous male hypopygium will easily separate the fly im any of the known American species. The species is dedicated to Mr. Frank R. Cole to whom I am indebted for many favours. June, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 163 Famity 7ipulide. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) mainensis, new species. Related to G. subcinerea O.S.; thoracic pleura striped; abdominal tergites dark brown; male hypopygium with the outer pleural lobe rather short with its apex obliquely truncated; inner lobe bifid, with a posterior flattened blade. Male.—Length about 5 mm.; wing 5.6 mm. Head dark, discoloured in the type. Antenna broken. Pronotum clear light yellow. Mesonotal prescutum pale brown, with three indistinct, dark brown stripes, the lateral margins light coloured; scutum pale brown, the lobes dark; remainder of the mesonotum brown. Pleura light yellow with two distinct, purplish brown stripes, the ventral stripe occupying the mesosternum. Halteres very long and slender, pale, the knobs darkened. Legs with the coxe dull brownish yellow, darkened on the base of the outer face; remainder of the legs light brown, the tarsi darker. Wings with a faint greyish tinge; stigma darker; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc rather long, ending opposite about one-third the length of the radial sector; Rs very long, straight; Re+3 very long, Re correspondingly shortened; deflection of R4a+s puncti- form; cell 1st M2 with the inner end slightly narrowed; basal deflection of Cu beyond the fork of M. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium yellowish. Male hypopygium with the outer pieural lobe stout, hairy, slightly darkened toward the apex, which is obliquely truncated and produced inwardly into a small tooth; inner appendage bifid, consisting of a posterior flattened blade terminating in a hook, with a single seta on its face; ventral lobe short, terminating in about two stiff sete. Gonapophyses small, curved, strongly chitinized, in the unique type unequal. Habitat.—Maine. ; Holotype.— oo, Fort Kent, Aroostook Co., August 29, 1913. Type in the collection of the author. Gonomyia mainensis differs conspicuously from G. subcinerea in its striped pleura, venation, and, especially, the very different structure of the male hypopygium. Limnophila (Ephelia) angustior, new species. Wings narrow, the brown markings confined to the vicinity of the veins; pleurites of the male hypopygium with a tuft of long, yellow hairs at the apex; outer pleural appendage with a prominent lateral tooth on the outer margin. Male.—Length 6.5 mm.; wing 7.5-7.6 mm. Female.—Length 8-8.4 mm.; wing 8.3 mm. Similar to L. superlineata Doane, differing as follows: Antenne dark brown throughout. Mesonotal prescutum without a lateral brown line, the lateral stripes less distinct, the median stripe entire Wings very narrow, strikingly different from those of either L. superlineata or L. aprilina. Wings light grey with a dark brown and greyish brown pattern, the costal markings relatively small, much narrower than the interspaces; the markings on the disk take the form of narrow seams along the veins and cross- veins; veins dark brown, Sc and R more yellowish. Venation: the super- numerary cross-vein in cell M is inserted so that it lies beyond the end of the 164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 2nd anal vein; the wing pattern is not so heavy as in L. aprilina. Male hypo- pygium with the pleurites moderately elongated, covered with numerous sete - that become very numerous along the basal inner two-thirds; outer apical angle of the pleurite a little produced and blackened, provided with a loose tuft of long, yellow hairs that exceed the pleural appendages in length. Outer pleural appendage slender, with a prominent tooth before the apex on the outer margin, distad of this with numerous appressed teeth and a small, stout apical spine. Inner pleural appendage fleshy, stout, blunt at the tip. Habitat.—Colorado. Holotype.-—o, Platte Canon, Jefferson Co., altitude 10,000 feet, June 27, 1915,-((E. \eOslar). Allotopotype.— @ . Paratopotypes.—11 & Q. Type in the collection of the author. Limnophila (Ephelia) apiculata, new species. Closest to L. angustior; pleurites of the male hypopygium without an apical tuft of hairs; outer pleural appendage straight, without a prominent lateral tooth on the outer margin. Male.—Length, about 6.8 mm.; wing 7.2 mm. Very similar to L. angustior, differing as follows: Antennal flagellum with the basal segments light brownish yellow, passing into darker brown on the terminal segments. Mesonotum light grey with four dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair very long and separated by a capillary vitta of the ground colour. Dark tips to the femora and tibiz less distinct. Wings slightly more yellowish, the brown pattern heavier but confined to the vicinity of the veins. Abdomen dull brownish yellow, with an indistinct, dark brown dorso-median stripe. Hypopygium more reddish. Pleurites moderately stout, without a conspicuous apical tuft of long yellowish hairs. Outer pleural appendage black, stout, the apical third along the outer margin with numerous, acute, appressed teeth, the terminal one extended into a free spine. Inner pleural appendage fleshy, pale, covered with numerous stout sete, the apex narrowed and tipped with three or four setz. Habitat.—California. Holotype.—o, Alpine, San Diego Cc., April 8, 1915, (M. C. Van Duzee). Paratopoiyvpe.— oS Type in the collection of the author. Limnophila (Ephelia) edentata, new species. Closest to L. superlineata Doane; size small, wing of the male abate 6.5 mm.; first segment of the antennal flagellum yellowish; wings with a heavy brown pattern, the outer four costal blotches confluent in pairs; outer pleural appendage of the male hypopygium without appressed lateral teeth on the outer margin near the apex. Male.—Length 5.6 mm.; wing 6.5 mm. Similar to L. superlineata Doane but differing in numerous regards: Size very small. First flagellar segment of the antenne yellow, the remaining flagellar segments light brown. The median prescutal stripe is widely divided for its entire length; in addition to the narrow lateral stripes and a dark spot THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 165 at the margin of the sclerite, there is a small, brown line between the lateral and intermediate stripes that crosses the suture onto the scutal lobes. The femoral tips are broadly dark brown, but the tibial tips are but narrowly and indistinctly darkened. The wings are narrower with a much heavier pattern, the markings at Sci and R:1, and at R2 and Rs being confluent behind; a few brown dots in the costal and subcostal cells between the larger blotches; petiole of cell Mi a little longer than this cell. Male hypopygium with the pleurites rather slender. Outer pleural appendage blackened, terminating in a long, curved hook whose outer margin is not minutely tooth as in many species of the subgenus; on the outer face before the tip with a stout spine; a small, black- ened tubercule on the inner margin near the base of the appendage. Inner pleural appendage stout and broad, flattened, covered with numerous sete. Habitat —California. Holotype.-—o, Apline, San Diego Co., April 9, 1915, (M. C. Van Duzee). Type in the collection of the author. Eriocera saturata, new species. Antenne black, the scapal segments brighter; prescutum yellowish gray with four dark brown stripes, the intermediate pair narrow; wings reddish brown; cell 1 lacking; abdomen dark brown, the lateral margins broadly yellowish. ; Female.—Length 13.5 mm.; wing 9.4 mm. Rostrum short, light brown. Palpi black, the basal segments more brownish. Antenne with the scapal segments yellowish brown above, reddish beneath; flagellum black. Head broad, brown, with an indistinct darker median area. Frontal tubercle dark brown. Mesonotal prescutum yellowish gray with four dark brown stripes, the intermediate stripes very narrow, separated from one another by a distance a little less than the diameter of one; anterior portion of the scutal lobes dark; scutellum grey, with the extreme base darkened; postnotum grey. Pleura clear silvery grey, the dorsal pleural region dark brown. MHalteres short, brownish yellow, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe pale brown, sparsely grey pruinose; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brownish yellow, narrowly darker at the tips; tibia and tarsi brown. Wings with a strong reddish brown suffusion, the colour being a little darker than in E. californica O.S.; a small, brown cloud on 7-m; veins Sc and R brown, remaining veins dark brownish black; stigma indistinct. Venation: Cell Mm lacking; vein Mi+2 beyond cell 1st M2 longer than this cell. ; Abdominal tergites dark brown, the lateral margins broadly yellowish. Ovipositor rusty red; sternites light brown, margined laterally with yellow. Habitat.—California. Holotype.— 2 , Fallbrook, San Diego Co., August 2, 1917, (E. G. Holt). Type in the United States Biological Survey collection. E. saturata is closest to E. velveta Doane from which it may be told by its deep, saturated reddish brown wings with the stigma not darkened, the greater length of the veins issuing from cell /st M2, the colour of the abdomen and other characters. 166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Tricyphona macateei, new species. Antenne black; mesonotum yellowish grey, the prascutum with three stripes of which the median one is divided by a capillary pale line; wings nearly hyaline with a heavy dark brown and grey pattern, the mark at the origin of the sector running into the costal cell; abdominal segments indistinctly banded with yellowish. Male.—Length 8-8.5 mm.; wing 7.8-8.6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antenne dark brownish black throughout, the intermediate flagellar segments short-cylindrical or almost rounded, the terminal segments smailer. Eyes broadly contiguous beneath, widely separated above. Head small, dark grey. Mesonotal preescutum light yellowish gray, with three brown stripes, the median stripe more or less distinctly divided by a ground vitta, this pale stripe clearer behind; scutal lobes dark. Pleura gray with indistinct blotches of darker Halteres short, pale brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe dull yellow, the middle and posterior cox sparsely grey pruinose; trochanters dull yellow; femora brownish yellow, the tips broadly dark brown; tibie and tarsi dark brown. Wings almost hyaline with a heavy dark brown and grey pattern, this including about six larger markings along the costal margin, the first sur- rounding the humeral cross-vein, the second Sc, the third the origin of the sector, passing into the costal ceil, the fourth mark at the tip of Sci; small, pale seams along the margin of the wing at the ends of the veins; narrow seams along the cord and m. Venation: Scz about midlength between / and the origin of the sector; Rs very strongly arcuated at origin; cell M1 shallow, its petiole longer than m; m-cu obliterated by the punctiform contact of Cui and M. Abdominal tergites indistinctly banded with dark brown and paler yellowish brown; sternites brown, the posterior half of each of the intermediate segments yellow. The male hypopygium shows the moderately powerful pleurites in- clined toward one another so that the tips are contiguous, the apices with abundant blackened spicules. Habitat.—Maryland. Holotype—, Beltsville, Prince George Co., October 7, 1917, (W. L. McAtee). Paratopotype.—o&. Type in the United States Biological Survey collection. T. macateei is readily separated from T. vernalis (O.S.) by the uniformly dark antenne, the almost hyaline wings with the pattern larger, darker and more clearly defined, the blotch at the origin of the sector including the costal cell, the short cell Mi with a long petiole and other characters. This very interesting new species is dedicated to its collector, Mr. W. L. McAtee. Tipula pendulifera, new species. Belongs to the cunctans group; antennal flagellum dark brown; mesonotum light grey, the preescutum with four stripes; wings with a faint yellowish tinge, the stigmal region and wing-base more suffused; abdomen yellowish with a broad, dark brown median stripe; male hypopygium with a long, pendulous lobe at the ventral angle of each pleurite. Male.—Length 17 mm.; wing 18 mm. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 167 Female.—Length about 20-21 mm.; wing 18.5-19 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head brownish grey. Palpi dark brown. Antennz with the scape reddish brown, the flagellar segments uniformly dark brown. Head dark grey. Mesonotal prescutum light grey with four greyish brown stripes; scutellum and postnotum clear light grey. Pleura heavily greyish white pruinose. Halteres light brown. Legs with the coxe yellowish, sparsely grey pruinose; trochanters and femora light brown, the latter darkened at the tips; tibiz yel- lowish brown, the tips darkened; tarsi brown. Wings with a faint yellow suffusion; base of the wing and the stigmal region vellowish, this latter including the apex of the costal cell, the apex of cell st Ri and most of cell 2nd k:2; costal and subcostal cells brownish; veins dark brown. Venation: Petiole of cell M1 short. Abdomen yellowish; segment eight and the basal half of nine in the maie dark brown; a very distinct, dark brown, median stripe on both the tergites and sternites; on the former it begins at about midlength of the first tergite as a narrow line, gradually widening behind; these stripes are continuous except for narrow yellowish silvery posterior margins to the segments. Male hypo- pygium with the sclerites fused into an almost continuous ring. Eighth tergite concealed beneath the seventh, except laterally. Ninth tergite extensive, the posterior margin with a broad median notch, the lateral angles subacute, black- ened; on either side of the median line is a small obtuse knob; the ventral margin of the ninth tergite bears two median blackened points. Region of the ninth pleurite long and narrow. Outer pleural appendage broad and flattened, pale, very narrow at the base. Inner pleural appendage complicated in structure. At the ventral angle of each pleurite hangs a very long, pendulous lobe, pale, directed ventrad, slightly enlarged distally and here provided with long, coarse hairs; the dorsal end of this appendage is likewise slightly produced. Between these pendulous lobes a flattened, elongate oval disk is visible. The female is similar to the male, differing in the sexual characters; the dorsal abdominal stripe is narrower and attains the end of the seventh tergite. Ovipositor with the tergal valves straight; sternal valves very short, high, obtusely rounded at their tips, a little more than one-half the length of the tergal valves. Habitat.—Colorado (Saguache County). Holotype-—, Cochetopa National Forest, Upper Saguache Ranger Sta- tion, September 7, 1917, (A. K. Fisher). Allotopotype.— @ . Paratopotypes.—3 9Q’s. Type in the United States Biological Survey collection. T. pendulifera is a well-defined species, allied to T. cunctans and T. carinata, from which it is easily told by its larger size, and the ‘conspicuous pendulous lobes of the male hypopygium. Tipula noveboracensis, new species. Belongs to the tricolor group, closest to 7. caloptera Lw.; antennal flagellum short, dark brown; wings with cells M1, M2, Cui and most of Ms brown; male 168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST hypopygium with a powerful curved clawlike horn on either side of the median lobe of the ninth tergite. Male.—Length, 18-22 mm.; wing, 20.5-25.5 mm. Close to 7’. caloptera Lw., differing as follows: Antennal flagellum sHbee darker, almost uniformly dark brown, the first segment a little paler. Ground colour of the thorax, including the pleura, bright silvery white. Preescutal stripes darker, the lateral stripes more or less confluent anteriorly with the median stripe, the pale ground interspaces indicated near the suture. ‘Wings with the brown markings darker and differently arranged: cell 1st M2 and the apical two-thirds of Rs hyaline, cells i, M2, Cui and all but the extreme ; base of Ms brown; in T. caloptera the white area includes the basal half of cell Ist Ms, the bases of cells Mi, M2 and Ms: and the apical half of cell Rs; the brown in the base of cell M is about equally extensive in the two species. The abdominal pattern is more contrasted than in T. caloptera, the broad, lateral stripe being almost black; in the holotype, the ground colour of the tergites is yellowish on the first two segments only, on the remaining segments passing into grey; in the paratypes, however, the bright yellow colour persists to the fifth or sixth segments; in all cases the black, lateral stripes are narrowly connected across the caudal ends of the segments; the lateral margins of the tergites are broadly silvery, more buffy near the end of the abdomen. Male hypopygium conspicuously different from the other members of the tricolor group, the narrow, rectangular, somewhat depressed, median lobe with parallel sides being subtended on either side by a powerful, slightly curved clawlike horn which is sometimes slightly roughened. Habitat.—Northeastern North America. flolotype—o, Power-house Creek, near Gloversville, Fulton Co., New York, altitude 1,000 feet, June 24, 1916, (C. P. Alexander). Paratopotypes, 2 &’s; paratypes, &, Ithaca, Thompkins Co., New York, May 12, 1915, (C. P. Alexander); 1, May 24, 1898, pinned with the cast pupal skin; o"’s, Beaver Dam, New Brunswick, June 23, 1914, (J. D. Tothill). Type in the collection of the author. The type and paratopotypes were found resting on small boulders pro- jecting from the bed of a sntall mountain stream. The flight of these large, beautiful crane-flies is unusually vigorous for a member of this family. Tipula calopteroides, new species. Belongs to the tricolor group, closest to T. caloptera Lw.; antennal flagellum long, clearly bicolorous; mesonotal prescutum with the stripes dull grey, not distinctly margined with darker; wings with the base of cell M clear. Female.—Length about 25 mm.; wing 25.3 mm. Close to Tipula caloptera Lw., differing as follows: Antennz longer, distinctly bicolorous, the basal enlargement of the flagellar segments dark brown, remainder of the segments yellowish. Mesonotal prescutal stripes dull grey, very indistinct, the usual dark margins scarcely evident; the brown median vitta very distinct. Wings with considerably more pale markings than in T. caloptera, more nearly approaching the type of 7. strepens; the brown in the base of cell M practically lacking THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 169 excepting the usual broad brown seam along Cu and its branches; the pale pattern includes the base of cell /st M2, apical two-thirds of cell Rs, base of cells Mi, M2 and Ms, and the centre of cell Cu. Abdominal tergites with the dark brown lateral stripes very broad, about as wide as the yellow mid-dorsal area, this latter most distinct on tergites one to seven. Habitat.— North Carolina. Holotype.— 2 , Canton, Haywood Co., June, 1911. Type in the collection of the author. Tipula manahatta, new species. Belongs to the f¢ricolor group, closest to 7. sackeniana Alex.; antennal flagellum light yellow throughout; mesonotum reddish brown with indistinct prescutal stripes; wings with a strong fulvous tinge with scarcely any pale areas on the membrane; abdomen reddish brown without darker stripes. Male.—Length about 15 mm.; wing 15 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head light yellowish on the sides, darker above, indistinctly lined with brown; palpi short, brown, the basal segments more yellowish. Antennz moderately elongated, the scapal segments brown, the flagella# segments light yellowish throughout, the terminal segment brown. Vertex dark grey; occiput and a very narrow margin around the eye paler. Mesonotum reddish brown, the prescutal stripes very indistinct; scutellum yellow. Pleura yellowish, the mesopleure faintly grey pruinose. Halteres dark brown, yellowish at the extreme base. Legs with the coxe yellowish, faintly pruinose; trochanters yellow; femora and tibize reddish brown throughout; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a strong greyish fulvous tinge, the costal margin and a broad seam along Cu very broad, rich fulvous; there are scarcely any paler areas on the membrane, the obliterative streak extending about to mid-length of cell 1/4; cell Rs, and the bases of the anal cells a little pale. Abdomen reddish brown, the sides of the first segment more yeilowish; abdominal tergites very narrowly and indistinctly ringed caudally with silvery. Male hypopygium as in the tricolor group, the sclerites of the ninth segment fused into a continuous compressed ring. Ninth tergite with the median lobe, prominent, depressed, slightly expanded distally, reddish, the extreme posterior margin minutely spiculose; margin of the sclerites between the tergal and pleural regions light yellowish. Outer pleural appendage large, fleshy, distinctly notched at its apex, covered with short dense hairs. Inner pleural appendage subchitinized, flattened, with a deep split that separates off a posterior hook or lobule whose posterior margin is grooved longitudinally into a scrobe; posterior margin of the anterior appendage with a high, flattened carina; apex broadly rounded. At the base and ventrad of the pleural appendage is a triangular lobe which is densely covered with a short, golden yellow pubescence and, ventrally, a number of long reddish hairs. Region of the ninth sternite extensive, the adjacent margins almost continuous, from between them projecting the straight, slender penis-guard and two small oval, flattened lobes. 170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Habitat.—New York (Suffolk County). Holotype-—&, Yaphank, Long Island, September 3-4, (Charles Schaeffer). Paratopotype.—o’. Type in the coilection of the Brooklyn Museum. Tipula phoroctenia, new species. Belongs to the marmorata group, closest to 7. fragilis Lw.: male hypopygium with the ninth tergite having a broad V-shaped notch; outer pleural appendage without a basal tooth; eighth sternite strongly projecting, shovel-like, the pos- terior margin shallowly notched and with a row of black, comb-like spines. Male.—Length about 13 mm., wing 14 mm. Similar to T. fragilis Lw. in most respects, differing as follows: The preescutal stripes are broader and less distinct, the intermediate pair extending a little farther cephalad, the grey thoracic interspaces narrower. The wings are a little narrower, with the dark pattern less distinct. The abdomen is light yellow with a narrow, dark brown sublateral stripe and silvery grey lateral margins. The ninth tergite and the sixth to ninth sternites are dark brown. The most conspicuous differences are to be found in the structure of the male hypopygium, the ninth tergite of which has a broad, posterior V-shaped notch the caudal margin blackened, with the lobes running out into slender, chitinized points, the space between with a few smaller elevations; lateral notches ex- tensive, not so deep as in T. fragilis. Outer pleural appendage long, slender, somewhat flattened, without a distinct chitinized basal ridge or tooth as in most other species of the group. The fleshy lobes that arise near the ventral angle of the pleurites are very large so that they practically fill this portion of the opening of the genital chamber: they are pale reddish, covered with a short, dense pale pubescence. Ninth sternite with a broad square notch, from the base of which projects a stout, reddish rod, presumably the penis-guard. Eighth sternite extensive, projecting, the posterior margin nearly truncated with a very shallow notch, set with a row of short, black spinous teeth; extreme pos- terior lateral angles of the sternite with a few long yellowish hairs. Habitat.—Maine. Holotype-—&%, Orono, Penobscot Co., in a bog at the edge of a wood, October 3, 1913, (H. M. Parshley). Paratopotype.— 3, indoors, October 16, 1913. Type in the collection of the author. Tipula nebulipennis, new species. Belongs to the marmorata group, closest to T. fragilis Lw.; legs mostly brown with only the femoral bases yellowish; male hypopygium having the caudal margin of the ninth tergite with two flattened divergent lobes separated from one another by a very small notch; outer pleural appendage with a subacute shiny chitinized tooth; eighth sternite slighlty projecting, the posterior margin with a broad, U-shaped median notch. Male.—Length 12-13 mm.; wing, 12.2-13.5 mm. d Frontal prolongation of the head dark grey, the sides more brownish. palpi short, brownish black. Antenne with the scape yellow, the flagellum brownish black; flagellar segments only slightly enlarged basally. Head grey. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 171 Mesonotal prescutum light grey with four brown stripes, the intermediate pair becoming indistinct anterior to the level of the pseudosutural fovez: scutal lobes largely brown; scutellum and postnotum light grey. Pleura grey, clearer and lighter posteriorly. Halteres brown, the extreme base yellow. Legs with the coxe light grey; trochanters light yellow; femora yellowish basally, soon passing into brown, the tip narrowly darker brown; tibiz with the basal half light brown, the apical half darker brown; tarsi dark brown. Wing pattern and venation about as in T. fragilis, the stigma paler brown. Abdomen with the first tergite grey pruinose, the other tergites brown with a broad, dark brown sublateral stripe, ringed posteriorly with yellowish, these rings broadest on the basal segments, becoming indistinct about the seventh segment; sternites one to five bright yellow, the basal segments a little darker laterally; remaining sternites dark brown. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite rather large, divided into two apparent halves by a mid-dorsal impression; each half is produced caudad into an inner flattened lobe, separated from its mate of the opposite side by a very small and narrow notch, the lateral angle of each lobe slightly produced and with a few stout black setz; the tergite is dark, the lateral margins yellowish, the apical lobes orange yellow and pro- vided with a short, dense pubescence. Outer pleural appendage large, greyish, slightly curved, the outer face with appressed black hairs: near the base of the appendage a shiny, flattened, chitinized tooth. Inner pleural appendage com- pressed, flattened, extensive, near its base forming a cup-like hollow. An enlarged, dark-coloured, fleshy lobe provided with numerous pale hairs lies on either side near the ventral angle of the pleurite, extending dorsad along the opening of the genital chamber; the outer basal margin of this lobe is light yellow in colour. Eighth sternite slightly projecting, the posterior margin with a large, shallow, broadly U-shaped notch, the lateral angles of which are provided with long whitish hairs, the outer basal margin of this lobe minutely spinulose, light yellow beneath. Habitat.—Labrador. Holotype.—%, Battle Harbour, August 1, 1912, (G. P. Engelhardt). Paratopotype.— of. Type in the collection of the Brooklyn Museum. Tipula fragilina, new species. Belongs to the marmorata group, closest to T. fragilis Lw.; legs darkened, the femora with a broad, yellowish subterminal ring before the black tip; male hypopygium having the ninth tergite with a wide V-shaped notch: outer pleural appendage with a blunt, blackened basal lobe; eighth sternite carinate, the posterior margin with a very deep and narrow median notch, the margins con- tiguous or nearly so and provided with Iong, yellowish hairs. Male.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 13.3 mm. Female.—Length about 13 mm.; wing 13 mm. Generally similar to T. fragilis Lw., differing as follows: The intermediate stripes of the prascutum are broader and extend further cephalad; the ground colour between the intermediate and lateral stripes narrower. Pruinosity -.of the pleura darker.- Legs darker, the black femoral tips broader and with a 172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST distinct yellow subterminal ring. Hypopygium darker coloured. The most striking differences between this and the related regional species are found in the male hypopygium, as follows: Ninth tergite dark coloured, with a deep, impressed mid-dorsal line; posterior margin with a wide V-shaped notch, the lateral lobes formed terminating in blackened chitinized points, the lateral notches only slightly concave, larger and not so deeply rounded as in T. fragilis. Outer pleural appendage long, slightly flattened, not as stout as usual in the group, pale, almost white in colour, the basal third slightly contracted and produced proximad into a blunt, blackened lobe. Inner pleural appendage a pale, almost white, compressed blade, on the posterior margin near the base bearing a small knob provided with numerous short, black sete. At the ventral angle of the pleurite, jutting dorsad across the face of the genital chamber as a long, slender, slightly sinuous lobe tapering to a point, densely covered with white hairs; this structure is considerably larger than the corresponding one in 7. fragilis. Ninth sternite with a deep notch which is slightly enlarged at its base, the sides parallel or nearly so. Eighth sternite compressed, with a very deep median notch, the adjacent lobes con- tiguous apically, though separated basally, provided with long, yellow hairs. In 7. fragilis, the eighth sternite is spade-shaped, unnotched. Habitat.—Alaska. (Iditarod River Country). Holotype.— o&, Flat, September 6, 1917, (A. N. Twitchell). Allotype.— 2 , Bethel, September 24, 1917, (A. N. Twitchell). Type in the United States Biological Survey collection. Nephrotoma euceroides, new species. Generally similar to NV. eucera (Lw.) from which it differs as follows: Average size much smaller (male, length 14-14.2 mm.; wing 13.8-15 mm.). Male antenne with only 17 evident segments. Thoracic stripes distinct, reddish brown, much darker than in N. eucera. Wings with a more greyish yellow tinge, the stigma poorly defined, pale. Abdomen darker, brownish yellow, the hypopygium brown. Male hypopygium with the ninth tergite having the caudal margin evenly rounded with a small, narrow median notch whose nearly contiguous lateral angles are produced beneath into blackened lobes which are densely spiculose. Eighth sternite with a broad, deep posterior notch, the median area of the sternite not so densely hairy as in N. eucera. Habitat.—Northeastern North America. Holotype-—o, Sport Island, Fulton Co., New York, altitude 750 feet. June 16, 1910, (C. P. Alexander). Paratype.—o’, Perth, New Brunswick, June 15, 1915, (F. M. McKenzie), In general appearance, N. euceroides is very similar to N. breviorcornis (Doane) from which it is most easily told by the number and structure of the antennal segments. Mailed July Sth, 1919 Che Canadian Cutomologist ~I VoL. LI. LONDON, AUGUST anp SEPTEMBER, 1919. No. POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. COLLECTING TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS IN BARBADOS AND ANTIGUA, BRITISH West INDIEs. BY DAYTON STONER, IOWA CITY, IOWA. I. Barbados. The data upon which the following notes are based were secured by the writer and Mrs. Stoner during the time spent on the islands of Barbados and Antigua as members of the Barbados-Antigua Expedition sent out by the University of Iowa in the spring of 1918. The time between May 9 and June 17 was spent at Barbados. Collecting at Antigua was done between June 19 and July 19. The island of Barbados is situated in 13° 4’ North latitude and 59° 37’ West longitude, and is the most easterly of the Antillean chain. It is about twenty-one miles long by fourteen broad, with an area of 166 square miles and a popuiation of about 200,000, nine-tenths of which is biack. The strata forming the basement series of Barbados consist of siliceous and calcareous sandstones and clays. About six-sevenths of the total area of the isiand is covered by a cap of corai rock which is more or less flat, and rises in a series’ of terraces to Mt. Hiliaby in the ‘Scotland district,’’ which is 1,104 feet in height. An area of approximately 6,000 acres at the northern and eastern side of the island has received that name on account of its peaked and hilly character. The remainder of the island is low and flat or at most slightly rolling, with few swamps and marshes and but two or three fresh water streams of any importance. Practicaily ali the tillable land is under sugar cane, and but few remnants of the forests which once covered the island now remain. The annual rainfall is about sixty inches, and usually comes in the form of showers during the sum- mer months. The dry season occurs in the winter and early spring months. On account of the slight physiographic differentiation, the almost uniform state of cultivation and the density of the population, Barbados is not a par- ticularly favorable: place for collecting insects. In addition, practically all the grass land is closely grazed by goats and cattle, so that dense growths of vegeta- tion are much restricted. In general the affinities of the insect fauna are with that of South America, but a number of North American and closely allied forms are to be found. A few indigenous forms also occur. Whenever the entomologists started out on a collecting trip, the fact was quickly noised abroad that strange people were collecting butterflies. How the news spread so quickly was somewhat of a mystery in view of the fact that telephone service is seldom available to the blacks. But in a short while groups of children and older persons as well would put in their appearance and express a desire first to know what we were going to do with the insects, and suggesting as a probable answer that perhaps they were to be made into medicine. Having been more or !ess satisfactorily appeased by our answers. the second thought was to be of assistance—for a consideration. After a few usually vain attempts 173 174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ey to secure the particular insects desired the youngsters desisted in their efforts to capture specimens, but often continued to follow at a safe distance to view the strangers. Not always were the followers peaceable, for on one occasion the entomologist was followed for a considerable distance over the hills of the Scotland district by an ever-increasing mob of black children, who drew others from far and near by their shouts of “A German spy.” On another occasion the writer was taken for an escaped lunatic, and three big black fellows armed with a rope were making ready to capture the luckless “‘bug man’’ and escort him within the four walls of the nearby lazaretto. However, the persuasive powers of the intended victim were sufficient to permit him to continue un- molested. Among the men in jiLittle England”’ who take a special interest in ento- mology and who did much to aid us were Mr. Wm. Nowell, Mycologist in the Imperial Department of Agriculture; Dr. J. C. Hutson, the then Acting Ento- mologist in that Department, and who was taking the place of the regular Entomologist; Mr. H. A. Ballou, then absent in Africa on special economic investigations, and Mr. J. R. BovelJ, Entomologist in the Colonial Department of Agriculture. Rev. N. B. Watson, of St. Lucy’s Parish, one of the delightful old-time naturalists, has a fine collection of native insects, and Sir Gilbert Carter, a former Governor of Barbados, has in his beautiful home an excellent collection of native Lepidoptera. A few of the principal collecting places may be briefly referred to here. One of the chief places frequented by insects of various kinds is the more or less protected series of terraces referred to above. Here on the side next the sea the vegetation is somewhat sheltered from the direct rays of the sun, and the more delicate shrubs, small trees, weeds and Solanacez in particular offer a plentiful supply of food for plant-feeding insects, many kinds of which were taken in the sweep net. The high, dry flats between these terraces are often thickly overgrown with the long, dense, sour grass which, however, is harsh and supports few insects other than grasshoppers. It was indeed a pleasure to meet with one of our old friends, Megalla maculata along with many other less well-known forms of Colgoptera, as welJ as an abundance of Hemiptera in the small ditches scattered over the island. These are usually grown over with grass and weeds, and in them, during heavy rains, the water flows in torrents; shortly thereafter they again become dry, but the stimulus given the vegetation by the more than usual amount of water keeps it continually green and fresh. The surrounding country often becomes ex- ceedingly dry, and many species of insects congregate in these welj-watered places on account of the abundant food supply. The semiaquatic vegetation bordering small pools and streams also often furnishes good collecting places, as indeed do the waters and bottoms of the pools and streams themselves. Often along the uncultivated borders of cane fields various kinds of weeds and grasses grow, particularly if in low or somewhat moist and shaded situa- tions. Even the cane fields themselves offer somewhat fimited opportunity for collecting. Nor should the Scotland district with its dense tropical vegetation and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 175 its rock ledges and bluffs be omitted; nor Calais and other sandy beaches; nor the cliffs and upland flats near Speightstown—each somewhat different in its aspect from the other, and lending some variety to the scenery as well as to the day’s catch. - The Arachnids are extremely well represented on Barbados, and vary in size from spiders with an extent of from four to five inches to the minute Tetranychus. The Barbados tarantula, a tailless whip scorpion, is among the most interesting of the group, and is commonly found under the moist bark of decaying trees. . Myriapods are very common. A black Julid with transverse markings of green and averaging from four to four and one-half centimeters in length is most abundant. On one occasion a sort of migratory movement of these Arthropods was observed. Hundreds of them were crossing the dazzling white coral road in moving from one cane field to another, and alj seemed to be going in the same direction. A small Polydesmid is very common under rocks along the bases of the terraces. Scolopendrids are abundant under sticks and stones in damp places and under the dried leaves of sugar cane, with which some of the fields are covered. These Centipedes are known locally as ‘‘forty-legs,’’ and the natives have 4 great fear of them. The popular belief is that a bite from one of them will cause a “fever” in the victim. The specimens are commonly from th:ee to six inches in length, very active and difficult to handle, and it requires ~nsider- able dexterity to transfer one safely to the killing bottle without beg bitten, Many years ago the Mongoose (Herpestes) was imported int) Barbados for the purpose of destroying the rats. It is now fairly common all over tle island. While it, no doubt, has been responsible for sor-e diminution in che number of rats the experiment has not been a success for in addition 40 1ts destruction of birds of various kinds, particulariy the Ground doves (Caumbi- gallina), the blood-thirsty animal has killed off a geat many lizards and cent- pedes, which are enemies of insects. As a resu:t destructive insects have be- come more abundant on the island since the introduction of this animat, which is now much despised by the natives Of the Hexapoda only the mee conspicuous will be mentioned here. On account of the scarcity of suitable breeding places the order Odonata is not well represented. The vicinity of Indian and Bird Rivers and the large swamp in the suburbs of Bridgetown offer limited opportunity for larval development. The common pond fly (Erythrodiplax umbrata) and the red pond fly (Tramea abdominglis) are probably the most abundant. Four or five other representa- tives of the order occur here also. The order Orthoptera is represented by a goodly number of species. Ear- wigs (Forficula) are common in rocky places in the vicinity of cane fields, and in leaf sheaths and stems of old canes. Cockroaches are abundant in cane fields and houses; a half dozen species are found on the island. One of the most common, and at the same time conspicuous representatives of the group is the large, yellowish, short-horned grasshopper (Schistocerca pallens), which is found commonly on the flats grown up in sour grass. The insect is very difficult to capture on account of its rapid flight and its habit, when closely pursued, of crawling some distance in the short grass before again taking flight, and then 176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of springing up suddenly in an unexpected quarter and flying off again. Many miles were traversed in pursuit of these elusive insects. Another common Acridiid is Orphulella balloui, which also frequents grass lands. Conocephatids — and Gryllids are not abundant. The Hemiptera is the best represented of any of the orders, both in actual abundance and in number of species. Of the aquatic forms the water strider Gerris marginata is by far the most abundant, and is found in all the permanent fresh-water streams and ponds of any size. Of the other Heteroptera the family Pentatomide is well represented, about twelve species having been coljected . The two most common species are the green bug (Nezara viridula) and the brown bug, known locally as the “‘pea chink’’ (Edessa meditabunda). This latter form is one of the most abundant plant feeding Heteroptera on the island. Two other Pentatomids, Pziezodorus guildinit and Arvelius albopunctatus are also worthy of mention, the former being much the commoner of the two. The cotton stainers (Dysdercus spp.) have not yet made their appearance on Barbados although they are present in all the other islands of the West Indian group. Of the Homoptera there are several kinds of scale insects; Cicadellids and Membracids are common on vegetation in moist or partly-shaded places; a few Fulgorids are found in the wooded Scotland district. Beetles are well represented on Barbados, and a number of them are of considtrable economic importance. Perhaps the most conspicuous species in this Comection is the Scarab«id beetle, locally called the ‘‘brown hardback’ (Phytalus snithi), the larve of which injure the roots of sugar cane, citrus trees, alms and ‘ananas. Effort is being made by the Colpnial Department of Agiculture to control the pest by offering prizes to schools and schoolmasters for \he greatest numer of the insects brought in to the entomologist’s office. In adition, a “bounty” of 2d. per four hundred is paid. The writer saw in a glass laboratory jar in M) Bovell’s office 27,200 live specimens of this beetle which had been collected fo: the bounty offered. In 1916 the collection. of adults on one estate amounted to 589,680. A small Hymenopteron, Ttphia paraiiela, is parasitic on the beetle, but the parasite is not sufficiently abundant to hold the pest in check. A single tiger-beetle (Cicindela suturalie var. hebrea) is found upon the island, and at only one place, Calais beach, southeast of Bridgetown. A long stretch of sand affords a typical habitat for this beautiful white form. Of the aquatic beetles the Dytiscidz are most abundant, though in the larger pools and streams the large black Hydrophilid, H. ater, is not uncom- mon. Among the Coccinellids, in addition to the common spotted ladybird (M. maculata) the red ladybird (Coccinella sanguinea) is also found, and is even more common than the former. Strangely enough carrion beetles are not found upon Barbados, and but one species of short-winged scavenger beetle was collected. Once, upon coming across the decaying remains of a mongoose the carcass was examined carefully for insects, but the net result was a single fly puparium. Two other beetles should receive special mention on account of their abundance. The fine black Tenebrionid Hopatrinus gemellatus is found everywhere under small stones along the bases of the terraces, and the Chryso- melid Homopheta aequinoctinalis is abundant on the common weeds and grasses. Of the weevils the beautiful gray and black striped Curculionid Diaprepes ——. = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 177 abbreviatus is one of the most common and, at the same time, destructive. The larve are very injurious to sugar cane, boring into the cane bases and some- times completely severing them. This insect is found throughout the West Indies. Of the Rhopalocera there are not many examples on the island, but among them are two of our well-known forms, the monarch butterfly (Anosia plexippus) and the painted lady (Vanessa cardui) both of which are fairly common. The three other common species are Catopsilia eubule, Dione vanille and Junonia genevevd. Moths are moderately common, the Sphingids and Noctuids being best represented. Some of these are present in sufficient numbers to cause con- siderable damage in the larval state. Among these are the tobacco worm (Protoparce sexta and P. cingulata), while the familiar cotton worm (Alabama argillacea), corn ear worm (Laphygma frugiperda) and the boll worm (Heltothis obsoleta), as well as various species of ‘““cutworms”’ (Prodenia spp., etc.), come in for their share of attention from the plantation owners. Perhaps the most common moth on the island is the pretty Arctiid Utetheisa ornatrix, which is particularly abundant on the high grassy flats and in open places in palm groves. -The order Diptera is well represented, and some of its more notorious members are fairly common. Both the filaria mosquito (Culex fatigans) and the yellow fever mosquito (Stegomyia fasciata) are present, the former being the more abundant. Practically all the houses of the white people and the better class of negroes are furnished with mosquito nets over the beds, although neither the doors nor the windows are screened against these or other insects. Numerous cases of the deformity known as elphantiasis or Barbados leg are to be seen among the natives, who sometimes adopt curious methods in an attempt to hide their affliction from the public. Since there is a goodly numbe- of brightly coloured flowering trees and plants on Barbados one naturally expects to find a large and varied hymen- opterous fauna. However, he is somewhat disappointed, for the paucity of flower-visiting forms is very striking. One of the most conspicuous bees is the large bluish-black carpenter bee (Xylocopa aeneipennis), which builds its nest in old posts and decayed branches of trees. A still larger and reddish-brown form (Xylocopa fimbriata) is also quite common. Both are excellent flyers for such heavy bodied insects. Of course, the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is also found in some numbers, although it is not so common as with us.- Of the wasps (Vespide) the “Jack spaniard’* (Polistes annularis) is very common and builds its paper nests on the sides of the rocky terraces. The cow bee (Polistes bellicosus, is found less commonly but in similar situations. The family Formicide is represented by considerably the largest number of species. Aside from the strictly entomological aspect and from the facts already mentioned, two or three items of particular interest stand out in the writer's mind as worthy of special note. Seldom is it that a tropical country is entirely free from snakes but, so far as is known, none now occur on the island of Barbados and but one small worm-like form (Typhlops sp.) has been able to survive the mongoose and other enemies on Antigua. Lizards are, however, extremely abundant on the trees and among the rocks and, of course, form an important natural check to the increase of noxious insects. 178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST As the collector proceeds along his hot and dusty way he suddenly comes upon one of the dazzling white coral roads. Following this for a short distance a large iron hydrant comes into view, and soon refreshing water is to be had. These hydrants, similar in size and shape to the fire hydrants in our cities, are found along the main highways at intervals of from a mile to two miles, and are practically the only means the natives have of obtaining water which is stored in reservoirs far inland and piped to all portions of the island, except the rough Scotland district. Quite a different situation pre ‘ails in Antigua, where prac- tically all the drinking water is collected in great catch basins and the natives in the rural districts must carry it to their homes, sometimes a considerable distance away. (Co be continued.) THE IMMATURE STAGES OF THE GOLDENROD LEAF-BUG, STRONGYLOCORIS STYGICA SAY (MIRIDA, HETEROP). BY MORTIMER D. LEONARD, ITHACA, N.Y. During the latter part of May and the first of June, in the vicinity of Honeoye Falls, N.Y., the nymphs of a black leaf-bug are found in great abundance in patches of goldenrod, where they subsist on the leaves of this plant. Little is known concerning the life-history or the seasonal history of this insect. In 1916 on June 5, nymphs of all stages were found in a large patch of goldenrod. Chose of the second stage, however, predominated, and only a few individuals in the fourth and fifth stages were present. Second and third stage nymphs . were noticed as early as June 1, feeding on the tender leaves of the terminal shoots. By July 5, fifth stage nymphs predominated. Following is a description of the several stages which the insect passes through in the course of its development. To Mr. H. H. Knight I am indebted for the determination of the species. The drawings were made from living material by the writer. ; Egg (Fig. 1). The eggs of this species have not been found, but they are undoubtedly inserted into the more succulent portions of the goldenrod stems during late June and July, where they remain over winter and hatch the following May. On June 25, 1915, females, apparently swollen with eggs, were common. On opening the abdomen of some of these eggs, which were undoubtedly mature, were found. The description of such an egg is as follows: length 1 mm.; greatest width .27 mm.; pale yellowish or translucent, shining, cylindrical and slightly curved; somewhat compressed, and with a prominent cap which is narrowly elliptical when viewed from the top. Stage I (Fig. 2). Length .93-.97 mm.; width of head including eyes .33 mm. General colour yellowish; head and thorax slightly tinged with orange or pale brownish; each of the thoracic segments with a pair of darker spots. These spots are usually faint, but vary somewhat in intensity with the individual and as to whether it is newly hatched or nearly ready to molt. Eyes reddish. Antenne tinged with dusky; tip of first three segments often somewhat paler. Tarsi tinged with dusky. Caudal border of meso- and metathorax slightly curved backward. Stage II (Fig. 3). Length 1.3 mm., greatest width (across abdomen) .6 sri Head and prothorax blackish; the hind angles of the mesothorax and August, 1919 CAN, ENT., VOL. LI. PLATE XIV. : 5 STRONGYLOCORIS STYGICA SAY (MIRIDA, HETEROP). 180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the lateral border of the metathorax yellowish brown; a brownish yellow median line on the thorax meets a V-shaped line of the same colour on the head between the eyes. Abdomen yellowish brown with a series of darker median transverse spots in the centre of each segment, becoming successively smaller toward the caudal end; abdominal spiracles indicated by a series of small dark dots. Eyes dark reddish. Antenne brownish yellow, tip of first three segments somewhat lighter. Legs concolorous with antenne; femora, except tip, and tarsi darker. Caudal margin of meso- and metathorax either straight or curved slightly forward. Stage III (Fig. 4). Length 1.6 mm., greatest width (across mesothorax) .7mm. Head and thorax shining black; inner margin of eyes narrowly yellowish; a narrow, yellowish median line on thorax, which, as in the preceding stage meets a V-shaped line of the same colour on the head between the eyes. In the darker specimens this is sometimes but faintly indicated on the thorax. Abdomen dark reddish, marked as in preceding stage, except that in the darker specimens the median spots entirely overlie the ground colour. Eyes dark reddish. Antenne pale brownish; tip of first three segments lighter. Legs dark brownish or dusky; tip of femcra lighter; tarsi somewhat darker. Wing- pads becoming apparent. Stage IV (Fig. 5). Length 1.8 mm., greatest width (across wing-pads) about 1 mm. Head and thorax black, somewhat shining and finely punctate. The narrow median line-on thorax and V-shaped line on head in this stage are reddish. Inner border of eyes narrowly reddish. Abdomen very dark-reddish brown; posterior border of segments narrowly reddish. Eyes blackish. Antenne grayish brown; extreme tip of first two segments lighter. Legs con- colorous with antenne; extreme tip of tibie fighter; tarsi darker; coxe and trochanters pale translucent yellowish. Wing-pads reach nearly to fourth abdominal segment. Venter reddish brown. Beak brownish yellow; tip and base blackish. Stage V (Fig. 6). Length 3.1 mm., greatest width (across wing-pads) 1.8 mm. Much the same as the preceding stage. There is, however, no median line on the thorax or V-shaped line on the head, and the antennz are some- what darker than in the preceding stage. The femora, except the tip, and the basal half and tip of the tibia are dark brownish. The wing-pads now reach nearly to the fifth abdominal segment. r Adult Fig. 7). Length 5 mm. Shining black; membrane dark brownish. Eyes dark brown. Leg markings somewhat variable but in general femora are blackish, tip brownish yellow; base and usually tip of tibiz blackish; some- times only base of front tibize black, and more or less all of middle and hind tibie black. Tarsi often entirely blackish, or with two basal segments some- — what paler. Beak more or less brownish. Venter shining black, nonpunctate, and in certain lights finely clothed with short golden hairs. With the exception of the genetalia there is no apparent difference in the sexes. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIV. Fig. 1. Egg. Fig. 4. Third stage nymph. Fig. 2. First stage nymph. — Fig. 5. Fourth stage nymph. Fig. 3. Second stage nymph. Fig. 6. Fifth stage nymph. Fig. 7. Adult. : es)! ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 181 NOTES ON THYSANOPTERA FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA. BY R. C. TREHERNE, FIELD OFFICER, ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH DOMINION DE- PARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, The following notes are submitted herewith to augment our knowledge of Western Thysanoptera, a group which appears to have been sadly neglected by Canadian entomologists. Orothrips kelloggii yosemitii Mouiton. (Plate XV, Figs. 1-3.) A single female of this variety was taken on Mt. McLean at Lillooet, B.C., at an altitude of about 6,000 feet, off Amelanchier, on July 25, 1917. I have been unable to compare this single female with specimens of elloggii or of its variety yosemitii. From the description, however, given by Moulton (1), the the shape of the sense areas on antenna! segments 3 and 4, together with the relative lengths and colours of the antennal joints, clearly place the specimen from Lillooet as belonging to the variety vosemitii. There are, however, certain structural features in the specimen before me which differ from the short de- scription given by Moulton. Antenne.—The measurements of the antennal segments compare with the des¢ription with the exception of segment 4, which compares with segment 3 in length as 74 to 99u, instead, of as 96 to 99u. The constriction in segment 3 is not very apparent, and the base of segment 3 is white or at least lighter in colour than the apical portion of segment 2, which is yellow. Sense areas are present on the apical portions of segments 3, 4, 5 and 6; those on seg- ments 3 and 4 ovoid; those on segments 5 and 6 circular, with a simple trans- parent sense-cone protruding from each. There also appear to be two ovoid sense areas, beside each other, on segment 3, and the same on segment 4. Mouth Cone—Maxiilary palpi 7-segmented, the basal joint large and as long as the remaining six segments; labial palpi 4-segmented.(2)* Colour.—The colour is brown; head and prothorax darker than the re- mainder of the body, which is shaded with orange. It may be seen, therefore, that despite the smail variations noted, the species from Lillooet belongs to the variety yosemitii. Being so, it is interesting, as this record greatly extends the distribution of this insect, which so far has only been recorded from the Yosemite Vajley, California. £olothrips fasciatus Linn. (Plate XV, fig. 4.) I find in my collection two male specimens of this species; one taken off Lithospermum pilosum from Kelowna, B.C., on May 16, 1917; and the other off the bloom of the cultivated dahlia from Agassiz, B.C., on July 14, 1914. The latter specimen was taken in association with females of the same species and with many adults of Frankliniella tritici. In the literature at my disposal I have been unable to find any reference to males of 4. fasciatus. For that reason I submit herewith the following description with the respective measure- ments of the two specimens before me. ZA, fasciatus, 2 males (A and B). Head, length .14 mm. and .14 mm., width .17 mm. and .18 mm.; prothorax, length .15 mm. and .15 mm., width across centre .18 mm. and .20 mm.; meso- *Moulton (2) gives labial palpi 4—segmented in the key, but on pp. 45-46 gives S—seg- mented in the description of the genus and species. August, 1919 182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and metathorax length over dorsal plates .26 mm. aad .22 mm., width across metathorax .28 mm. and .26 mm.; abdomen, length .84 mm. and .82 mm., width across male appendage on 9th segment .21 mm. and .21 mm.; total length of body 1.39 mm. and 1.33 mm.; antennal length .46 mm. and .37 mm.; length of segments: ] we 5) + 5 6-9 1 Wea es ag ae 52 113 105 87 70 | 5B ER babe A 04 43 78 87 70 61 Colour, uniformly light brown, first few abdominal segments slightly lighter in colour, though blending with remainder of body; male appendage of same colour as the head, intersegmental and body pigment carmine. Antennal joint 1, concolorous with head; 2 brown shading to light brown at tip; 3 light brown at base, brown in upper half with a circle of darker brown at tip; remaining segments 4-9 brown. Legs brown concolorous with head with the exception of upper half of fore-tibie and fore-tarsi, which are light brown. Fore-wings banded with two brown between three white areas. Females have been taken on a variety of plants of which may be mentioned Elymus condensatus, clover, crategus, cherry, Prunus demissa and Amelanchier at various times during May, June and July 1914-1918 at Victoria, Lillooet, Agassiz, Vernon and Kelowna. The distribution of this species in the Province of British Columbia must, therefore, be widespread, inasmuch as it has been taken in localities varying from the humid to the arid. During the summer of 1918 females of this species were observed to be in association with the Onion Thrips (7. tabaci, upon which it is doubtless predacious, on onion foliage at Kelowna, B.C. Williams (3) records this species as predacious on the pea thrips (Kakothrips pisivora West) in Europe, but also notes that it feeds on pollen and plant juices (4). ‘ /Eolothrips annectans Hood (5). (Plates XV, fig. 5, and Plate XVI, fig. 1.) This species apparently occurs commonly in British Columbia. It has been taken on several occasions during May, June and July in the past three years at points in the Okanagan Valley, and in the vicinity of Victoria on Van- couver Island. It has been taken also on a variety of plants, among which may be mentioned, Acer glabrum, Ribes viscosissimum, Sambucus racemosa, Ilex europeus, apple, alder, Lithospermum pilosum, Amelanchier florida, and in sweeping through general vegetation. Possibly the most notable record of its presence in numbers was observed in Kelowna, B.C., during early July (1918) in commercial onion plantations, where many specimens were seen associated with and doubtless predacious upon the onion thrips (T. tabacz). Mr. J. D. Hood, to whom some British Columbia specimens were submitted, agreed that my “determination was correct, though a remarkable addition to its known distribution,’ (April, 1918). According to my information this species thus far has only been recorded from Maryland, Virginia and New York State, 1S Ae (Gh: | Eleven specimens before me clearly agree with the account given by. Hood (5). The presence of slight transverse striations across the occiput constitutes — PLATE XV, CAN. ENT., VOL. LI. * in BRITISH COLUMBIA THYSANOPTERA. 184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a the only main difference from the published description. The fore-wings are shaded as described, but in addition have their extreme basal portions, (scale and fore-wing), shaded brown-gray. The measurements of the British Columbia specimens may be briefly given as follows: Head, length .15 mm., width across occiput .19 mm.; prothorax, length .15 mm., width at centre .22 mm.; total length of body, 1.7 mm—1.8 mm.; fore- wing, length .94 mm.—1.01 mm.; antennae, length .40 mm.—.42 mm.; antennal segments, length: | Bes fa 21 Me, Sener Soy ae 30 52 105-122 87-96 70 52 In addition, the following notes are added to the description already given by Hood: } Fore-wings.—Cross-veins present; two cross-veins connecting anterior ring vein to first longitudinal vein, one connecting the two longitudinal veins, one and (apparently) sometimes two connecting second longitudinal vein to posterior margin of wing; spines on anterior margin of ring vein 37-41, on first or anterior longitudinal vein 13-16 (arranged 6-8 brown, 2-3 white, 4-6 brown), on second or posterior longitudinal vein 19-21 (arranged 1 white, 18-20 brown); on scale 5—6 on anterior margin and one central. The two wings of the same specimen often vary in the matter of alar spines. Maxillary palpi.—3-segmented, geniculate, basa: joint twice as broad and nearly twice as long as the middle joint, apical small; labial palpi 4-segmented, basal joint as long as the remainder. Eolothrips auricestus, new species. (Piate XV, figs. 6, 7, and plate XVI, fig. 2.) I am indebted to Mr. J. D. Hood, cf the United States Biological Survey, for confirming my beljef, that this species has not been previously described. Measurements.—Head, Jength .18 mm., width across occiput .21 mm.; prothorax, length .18 mm., width .22 mm.; mesothorax, length .24 mm., width 35 mm.; abdomen, length 1.48 mm. Total length of body about 2.08 mm. ; antenne, total length 44 mm.; antennal lengths: DE RIUIEML scr 0h. anes oe BPE 2 3 4 5 6-9 ———— —— es Lenetligs oo Mies 85 61 . 113-122 97-9ieeeeee Colour.—Brown; head slightly darker brown than other parts of the body; antennal segment 1, brown; 2, brown at base (at times light brown at base) shading to white at tip; 3, creamy-white with a circle of brown at tip; 4, pale- brown at base shading to brown at tip; remaining segments similar to segment 1. Legs brown, fore-legs lighter; fore-tibie and tarsi light-brown; abdomen segments 2-6 golden-yellow, last four segments brown, segment 1 light brown shading to yellow on posterior half. Fore-wings banded, with two brown areas between three clear white ones, each area of about equa! width. Hind wings banded, similar to the fore-wings, but the bands of brown are pale and indistinct. Scale shaded brown at base. Head.—Slightly wider than long, about equal in length to the prothorax, slight transverse striations across occiput, covered with numerous small spines; . 7 as ' ‘ : a ' L Pa . ‘ p 4 / t i * i. ly ; 5 ‘ re ; a ' Mi 7 : F 1 : : } ' . i b s - 7 + a - » ' . ; : ; . : i ie : | " ‘y y o a a os : ° y ; * 2 . . ** , * PLrare XVI- eT ENT., VOL. CAN. VAALIONVSAHL VIEINNIOD A HSILIad 4 f } THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 183 eyes large, om ventral surface extending rather more than half way the length of the head, coarsely faceted and sparsely pilose; ocelli three, conspicuous, the posterior pair contiguous with the inner margins of the eyes; mouth-cone reach- ing into the posterior third of the prothorax; maxillary palpi 3-segmented. geniculate, basal joint twice as broad and nearly equal in length to the middle joint, apical small; labial palpi 4-segmented, three apicel joints slightly longer than basal joint; antenne 9-segmented, about two and one-half times as long as the head, all segments clothed with numerous short spines, those on segments 1 and 2 fewer and stouter, spines on all segments about equal in colour to the segments upon which they are placed; sense areas on apical portions of segments 3, 4 and 5, being respectively elongated and inconspicuous, elongated and conspicuous, oval and conspicuous. Prothorax.—Slightly wider than long, about equal in width and length to the head, emarginate midway on each lateral margin, the dorsal surface clothed with numerous stout spines. Mesothorax wider than prothorax, mesoscutum _ striate-reticulate, with eight prominent spines. Metathorax narrower than mesothorax, metascutum reticulate, with four spines on dorsal surface. Legs, front femora thickened, s.ightly lighter in colour to femora of middle and hind legs, all tibia armed at apex, those spines on hind tibiae much the strongest, “hind tibie with 8-10 stout spines on inner margin, each fore-tarsus armed with a stout hook, which is yellow, and a tooth, which is shaded brown. Fore-wings reaching to about the eighth abdominal segment, rounded at tip, cross-veins present, no cross-vein apparent connecting the second longitudinal vein with the posterior ring vein, five to eight minute spines on each brown area on the anterior longitudinal vein, and six to eight on each brown area on the posterior longitudinal vein, right wing often varying from the left wing in the matter of alar spines, al! spines equal in colour to the portion of wing upon which they are placed; scale with one central spine and six to eight inconspicuous spines on anterior margin. Hind wings with a short spine-like fringe on anterior margin reaching from basal fourth to tip, simple fringe along the posterior margin. Abdomen elongate-ovate, conspicuous spines only on the ultimate and penulti- mate sgments. Described from 9 macropterous females, taken by the author from the Western Wild Rye grass, Elymus condensatus, at Vernon and Kelowna, British Columbia, in July, 1917. Brachypterous forms also occur in association with the macropterous forms. Their body characters agree with the above account. The type and cotype have been placed in the collection of the National Coliection of Insects, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada. Paratypes are also retained in the coilection of the author. Taeniothrips inconsequens Uzel. (The Pear Thrips.) Plate XVII. During the course of a two-year’s study (1916, 1917) of the pear thrips Taeniothrips (pyri Dan) inconsequens Uzel, on the Pacific coast of British Colum- bia, a number of variable points in the external anatomy became apparent following the close examination of a large number of specimens. Early in the .. study it was apparent that the spines upon the wing, both as regards numbers and position, represented too variable a character alone to certify its specific identity. This observation led to a ciose examination of the essential specific 186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST _—_—— _ characters of the species, and the results of this study are recorded herewith, supplementing the description already given by Moulton (2). Head.—Width across the occiput .15 mm., across the eyes .138 mm.; iength 3. mm.; slightly wider than long; cheeks arched; occupit transversely striate, bearing eight minute spines immediately posterior to the compound eyes; a pair of very prominent spines between the posterior ocelli, situated within the margins of the pigmented ocellar crescents; a single minute spine, on each side, near the margin of the compound eyes, in a lateral direction from the anterior ocellus; vertex smooth; compound eyes, prominent, oval in outline black with light borders, coarsely faceted and slightly pilose; ocelli approximate yellow, margined inwardly with orange-brown crescents, posterior ones approxi- mate to but not contiguous with the light inner borders of the eves. Mouth- cone pointed, tipped with black, maxillary palpi three-segmented, each seg- ment about equal in length, the second shortest and the third longest; labial palpi two-segmented, basal segment very short. Antenne eight-segmented, about two and one-half times the length of head (.32 mm.); spines.on all seg- ments pale; a forked sense area on dorsa] surface of segment 3, with. a similar area on ventral surface of segment 4, with a pair of moderately stout spines immediately beneath each area; whorls of minute inconspicuous hairs on posterior portions of segments 3 to 6. Antennal lengths, segment 1, 33u to 36y; 2, 42y to 47; 3, 63yu to 64u; 4, 54u to 64yu; 5, 33u to 42u; 6, 57u to 66u; 7, 9p» to 10y; 8, 124 to 134. Total length .30 mm. to .34 mm. The head characters, thus given, are apparently stable, and represent the typical formation. Three prominent spines of equal and normal length may, however, at times, be found between the posterior ocelli. Variations in the antenne are frequently met with, but these may be classed as distinct de- formities. They often take the form of a reduction in the number of segments from eight to seven or six, either by the fusion of two segments or by the complete elimination of certain segments. Prothorax, length .18 mm.; breadth .2 to .25 mm.; as lpng as head, but wider; dorsal surface smooth; sides slightly arched; a weak spine anteriorly- directed on the anterior angles; a pair of large, strong spines on the posterior angles; from twenty-eight to thirty-six spines scattered over the dorsal surface, . all small and inconspicuous, except a central moderately stout pair on the posterior margin and a single one, of equal strength, on each side, situated im- mediately cephalad of the stout pair in the posterior angles. Mesothorax, sides evenly convex, angles rounded; scutum (mesonotal plate) striate. Metathorax, scutum and scutellum (metanotal plates) faintly striate; four spines along anterior margin of scutum, the inner two the largest. Legs moderately long; spines on tip of fore and middle tibiz weak; hind tibiz furnished with a row of seven to nine strong, light-brown spines and a pair of stout spines borne at the tip of each tibia; tarsus furnished with one comparatively stout Iight-brown spine near the base, and a few pale ones. Wings present, extending slightly beyond the tip of abdomen, about twelve times as long (1 mm.) as wide; pointed at tips; colour very slightly tinted light-brown; costal vein thickly set with from twenty-three to thirty-three long spines; costal fringe twice as long as __ costal spines; fore-vein with twelve to twenty-two spines arranged in groups. On the basal half of wing, on the fore-vein, a single small spine, fokowed by a CAN. ENT., VOL. LI. PLATE XVII. —aq ee SSS See See BRITISH COLUMBIA THYSANOPTERA 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST group of three spines, followed by a variable group of not less than four and as many as eight spines; on the distal half of wing the spines of the fore-vein are exceedingly variable, both as regards numbers and disposition; hind-vein with twelve to eighteen regularly placed spines; scale five spines; interior of scale one spine. It may be shown, also, that it is the exception, not the rule, to find the two wings of the same specimen equal as regards length of wing, or number and disposition of alar spines. Almost invariably the two wings are dissimilar in some respect. Plate XVII represents outline camera lucida sketches of the right and left wings of ten typical specimens. Rather more than half of the wings examined (59 per cent.) showed the basal portion of the fore-vein with spines ‘arranged in two groups of 3 to 6, respectively,’’ whilst 28 per cent. were arranged in two groups of 3 and 5, 7 per cent. in 3 and 7, 5 per cent. in 3 and 4, and 1 per cent. in 3 and 8. These figures, indicating the differences that are liable to occur plainly, show that the wing characters are of minor value in the quick and ready examination for the determination of the species. Abdomen sub-ovate; 10-segmented, tapering abruptly toward the tip from the eighth segment. Dorsal surface of segment 2 to 8 with from eight to ten spines on each segment, the most prominent being on the lateral margins; posterior margin of segment 8 with a fine comb-like structure consisting of from thirty-eight to forty-four teeth; segments 9 and 10 with about ten of the longest and most prominent spines of the body. Total length from tip of vertex to tip of abdomen about 1.26 mm. Colour, head, thorax and abdomen uniformly dark-brown with connective tissue between segments of the abdomen, the tarsi and tibia shading from tight-brown to yellow. Segment 3 of the antenne light brown. The wings though slightly tinted with tight-brown, when resting over the back, appear, to the naked eye, to be grey in comparison to the dark-brown of the abdomen. Many light coloured specimens, especially those forms which have recently emerged from the soil in the spring, may be frequently observed; this colour difference, however, may be preserved throughout the life of the adult. Thrips physapus Linn. This species is common in British Columbia, under arid and humid conditions, and may be found throughout the entire season. It has been taken commonly off dandelion at Vernon and near Victoria during early April and May, as well as off Rubus parviflorus flowers during June in Vancouver, and recently it has been found in the blooms of partly frozen garden flowers, during December. Carpenter (7) before the Royal Dublin Society in 1900 and again in 1901, draws attention to this species as being destructive to the blossoms of the pear near Dublin, Ireland, causing a failure in the fruit crop. In British Columbia, in localities frequented by Taentothrips inconsequens, Thrips physapus also is found to occur, often in similar positions on like plants, frequently as- sociated in the same blossom. Thrips tabaci Lind. The adults of this species are known as the ‘‘Onion thrips” in British Columbia. The species undoubtedly occurs on a wide range of plants, and is ’ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 189 ——————————— ——-. known to cause considerable commercial loss in onion plantations in the “dry belt’’ of the Province. First generation Iarve developing from eggs laid by Overwintering specimens become first apparent in early June in the Okanagan Valley. This species also occurs on Vancouver Island. Haplothrips statices Hal. This species has been beaten from the branches and foliage of cultivated apple and plum trees, Spir@a discolor, and other native shrubs at Victoria on Vancouver Isfand and at Vernon, B.C. It appears to be the commonest species infesting the flower heads of clover, having been observed in great numbers in such plants, both at Vernon and Penticton, B.C. This insect has been recorded from many widely separated points, including, on the west, Oregon and Cauti- fornia (8). From Montana (9) we receive information that this species has been proven destruction to the set of red-clover seed. Judging from the num- bers that this species occurs in the clover heads, particularly in the ary belts”’ of the Province of British Columbia, it is possible that some injury, not as yet proven, may be caused. Leptothrips mali Fitch. I am indebted to Mr. J. D. Hood for establishing the correct identity of both a nymph and an adult of this species. With this assistance I am able to offer the following few additional notes on the habits of the species: A colony of twelve adults was taken clustering in the empty burrow of some solitary burrowing hymenopteran in a dead twig of an Olivet cherry tree at Okanagan Faile, B.C., on April 10, 1918. It was evident that these insects, which were a few inches from the entrance of the burrow, had hibernated in this position. They were observed first on splitting the twig lengthwise. On August 27, 1917, a group of 5 nymphs and 2 females of this species were taken off the gummy exudation caused by the larva of Anarsia lineatella on a peach tree at Penticton, B.C. They were apparently feeding on the exudate. Specimens of individual adults have been taken at various times during May, July and July off the foliage and branches of Acer glabrum, alder, amelanchier, apple, peach and crategus, at points in the Okanagan Valley be- tween Vernon and Vaseaux Lake, Lillocet, and near Victoria on Vancouver Island. As recorded by Hood (8) this species is widespread in its distribution and common “‘from early spring to late fall.’ He states that for the most part this species lives ‘‘singly on the leaves of various trees.’’ This agrees entirely with the majority of the records noted above. It is only necessary to add that, apparently, adults cluster for hibernation purposes, and that nymphs may, at times, be found closely assembled at one place. Chirothrips manicatus Hal. Males and females of this species occur commonlf at the Coast, and in the Interior of British Columbia on many roadside grasses. I wish in conclusion to thank Mr. J. D. Hood, of the United States Biological Survey, for the assistance he has given me in this group of insects. Further - more, my thanks are due to Mr. Warburton Young, of the Health of Animals Branch, Dominion Experimental Farm, Agassiz, B.C., for his drawings of 4E. aur-cestus and AE. annectans. 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST REFERENCES. (1) Moulton, Dudley, U.S.D.A. Bur. Ent. Tech. Ser. No. 21, p. 34, 1911. (2) Moulton, Dudley, U.S.D.A. Tech. Ser. No. 12, Pt. 3, 1907. (3) Williams, C. B. The Entomologist, Vol. 49, p. (277) 13, 1916. (4) Williams, C.B. Annals of Applied Biology, Vol. 1, p. 240, 1915. (5) Hood, J. D. Proceedings Biological Society Washington, Vol. 29, p. 109, 1916. (6) Hood, J. D. Insecutor Inscitiz Menstruus, Vol. 5, p. 55, 1917. (7) . Foster, S.W., & Jones, P.R. U.S.D.A. Bur. Ent., Bull. 173,9p55,,6;1915: (8) Hood, J. D. Insecutor Inscitiza Menstruus, Vol. 5, Nos. 4-6, p. 61, 1917. (9) Cooley, R.A. Montana Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. 98, 1914, p. 123-136 (Review of Applied Entomology, Vol. 2, p. 536, 1914). EXPLANATION OF PLATES. PLATE XV. Fig. 1. Orothrips kelloggit yosemitu, maxillary palpi. Fig. 2. Orothrips kelloggi yosemit.i, labial palpi. Fig. 3. Orothrips kelloggi yosemiti, right antenna. Fig. 4. olothrips fasciatus, male. Fig. 5. Molothrips annectans, right wing. Fig. 6. olothrips auricestus, n. sp., maxillary and labial palpt. Fig. 7.. olothrips auricestus, n. sp., left antenna. PLATE XVI. 1. Brachypterous female of Molothrips auricestus, n. sp. (drawn and painted under author’s instruction, by Mr. C. W. Young, Agassiz, B.C.). 2. Macropterous female of olothrips annectans Hood, (drawn and painted : under author’s instruction, by Mr. C. W. Young, Agassiz, B.C.). PLATE XVII. Variations in alar armature of fore-wing of Taniothrips inconsequens (diagrammatic, author’s illustration). APPOINTMENTS—CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH. Mr. Leonard S. McLaine, M.Sc., of the Canadian Entomological Branch, has been transferred from the Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Fredericton, N.B., to Ottawa, and has been appointed Chief of the Division of Plant In- spection and Executive Assistant to the Dominion Entomologist. As Chief of the Division of Plant Inspection, Mr. McLaine will have immediate charge of the work of inspection and fumigating impoited nursery stock, and of the field work against the Brown-tail Moth in Eastern Canada, and such other duties as the enforcement of the insects and pests regulations under the De- structive Insect and Pest Act may involve. Mr. M. B. Dunn, Temporary Assistant at the Dominion Entomological Laboratory at Fredericton, N.B., has been appointed an Entomological Assistant in the Division of Forest Insects of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa, and , under the direction of Dr. J. M. Swaine he will be assigned to sample plot i in- vestigations in | the forests of Quebec and Ontario. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 191 NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA) PART VII. BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, URBANA, ILL, As in the other papers of this series, the types of the new species are de- posited in the collection of the writer, unless stated otherwise. GENus Dicranoptycha OSTEN SACKEN. Dicranoptycha sobrina quadrivittata, new subspecies. Female.—Length 10 mm.; wing 10.5 mm. This variety is similar to typical sobrina, differing as follows: Mesonotal preescutum gray, more yeliowish on the disk, clearer gray along the margin; four distinct dark brown stripes, the median pair longest, indistinct in front, clearer behind, lying parallel and separated from one another only by a capillary gray tine. Tuberculate pits distinct, close together, ving just be- fore the level of the pseudosutural fovezw, separated from one another by a distance a iittle less than the diameter-of one. Pseudosutural foveze very pale, elongate, linear. Lateral stripes short. Scutal lobes dark brown. Pleura grayish above, paler ventrally. Coxe whitish. Wings gray; veins dark brown; wings very long and narrow; Rs_ shorter than cell /s¢ M2, almost square at its origin and running close to Ri; Sc ends just before the fork of the sector. Abdo- minal tergites uniformly dark brown. Habitat —Colorado. Holotype— 2, Peaceful Valley, Colorado, August 25, 1917, (T. D. A. Cockerell). This species was included in some interesting crané-fly material kindly sent me for study by Prof. Cockerell. It is very different in the details given above from the extensive series of typical sobrina in my collection. More material will be needed to determine the true status of the fly. i GENuS Molophilus Curtis. Molophilus squamosus, new species. Antennz of the male short; general coloration dark gray; male hypopygium with the dorsal pleural appendage flattened, very broad, the dorsal face rough- ened; ventral pleural appendage a powerful black arm that is acute at the tip, which is bent ventrad. Male.—Length 3.2-3.4 mm.; wing 4.7—-5 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz of the male short, dark brown throughout. Head gray. Pronotum dark brown medially, yellowish laterally. Mesonotum gray, the humeral angles paler; scutelum yellowish; postnotum brownish gray. Pleura - grayish. Halteres yellow, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxe, trochanters and base of the femora yellowish; remainder of the legs brown. Wings whitish subhyaline; veins dark brown; a very indistinct darker clouding along the cord at 7, r-m and the basal deflection of Cui. Venation: deflection of Ras short, subperpendicular, shorter than the basal deflection of Cu1; fusion of Cui and Ms very long, much longer than Cu: beyond the fork. Abdomen dark brown, the posterior margins of the tergites yellowish, broader on the terminal segments; hypopygium grayish brown. Male hypopy- gium with each half of the tergite contiguous or overlapping at the tips. Dorsal pleural appendage lying transversely, the tip directed proximad and dorsad, August, 1919 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST very broad and flattened with the dorsal surface minutely roughened into tiny spines or raised scales that are more prominent, subserrate, along the outer margin. Ventral pleural appendage powerful, acute, shiny black, straight basally, suddenly narrowed to the acute tips which are directed ventrad, the concave face weakly toothed. Habitat.—California. Holotype.—o, Alpine, San Diego County, California, April 9, 1915, (M. C. Van Duzee). . Paratopolype.—Sex uncertain. The type is in the collection of Mr. Van Duzee. Additional specimens of a closely related form from the Muir woods, Marin County, California (May 19, 1915, M. C. Van Duzee) agree closely with this species in generai characters, but are much more reddish in their general colour, the dorsal pleural appendage not so broad, and the ventral pleural appendage with about three or four large spinules before the tip. Molophilus squamosus is a small, delicate species, allied to M. paulus Bergroth, but readily distinguished by the very broad, dorsal pleural appendages and the differently constructed ventral appendage. From M. spiculatus Alex., M. comatus (Doane) and other ailied forms it is told by its much smaller size and slightly different structure of the male hypopygium. Molcphilus bispinosus, new species. Antenne of the male short; general coloration light brown; ma.e hypopy- gium with the lobes of the ninth tergite produced apically into straight, slender arms; dorsal pleural appendage elongate, very straight and siender, acute at the tip; ventral pleural appendage powerful, sickle-shaped, the concave face with strong spinules. Male.—Length about 4 mm.; wing 5.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne of the male short, the scape brownish yellow, the flagellar segments dark brown, clothed with a long pale bebeagence. Head with the front yellow, vertex and occiput gray. Pronotum pale. Mesonotum light brown, the tuberculate pits black, widely separated. Pleura grayish brown. Halteres’ pale. Legs brownish yellow, the tips of the tarsi darkened. Wings subhyaline; a faint blotch of dark hairs on the radial cross-vein and another on the radial-median vein; a faint cloud at the basai deflection of Cm; veins dark brown, subcosta yellow. Venation: basal deflection of Ras and r-m in alignment; fusion of Cui and Ms a little shorter than Cui beyond the fork. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium reddish yellow. Male hypopygium with the tergite profoundly split medially as in the genus, the halves thus formed with the tips rather narrow, directed proximad so as to be almost contiguous on the median line; each Jobe on the sides at the apex produced caudad into a slender, flattened, straight, fleshy lobe whose inner margin is fimbriate.. Dorsal pleural appendage slender, elongate, almost straight beyond the enlarged base, the tips acute. Ventral pleural appendage powerful, strongly curved, the subacute apex directed ventrad, the ventral or concave face with several equi- distant large and acute spinules. Habitat.—California. Holotype. 12H} Berkeley, California, May 25, 1915, (M. C. Van Duzee). * all - aoa THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 193 - GENUS Gnophomyia OSTEN SACKEN. Gnophomyia tristissima cockerelli, new subspecies. Female.—Length about 8.5 mm.; wing 7.2 mm. Similar to typical tristissima, differing as follows: Antenne a little longer. Legs somewhat stouter. Wings hyaline, with a few dark seams along the veins, these seams on Rs, Rais, M, Cu, Ms and second A; cell Sc dark. Venation: Sc ending beyond the fork of Rs; Sci long, about equal to Re+s. Habitat.—Colorado. Holotype.— 2, Campus of the University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, September 20, 1917, (Felicita Claer). The distinctly bicolorous, longitudinally streaked, wings is the most con- spicuous character to separate this fly from typical tristissima O. S. of the eastern United States, in which the wings are uniformly darkened. The type was kindly sent me by Prof. Cockerell, to whom the form is respectfully dedicated. In the collection of the United States National Museum there are a few speci- mens of this variety, likewise from Colorado (from the collection of C. V. Riley, taken by Morrison). GENUS Gonomyia MEIGEN. Gonomyia (Gonomyia) aciculifera, new species. Belongs to the noveboracensis group; similar to noveboracensis Alex. but larger; wings with Sc shorter and with Scez at the tip of Sci; Re not so close to Ri: at the wing margin; male hypopygium with the ventral pleural appendage expanded at the apex into a paddle-like blade whose lower margin is minutely toothed. - Male.—Length 5 mm.; wing 5.4 mm. Described from an alcoholic specimen. Rostrum and palpi entirely dark brown. Antenne dark brown through- out, the basal segments enlarged. Head dark. Mesonotum dark, the humeral angles a little brighter. Pleura brownish, brighter posteriorly. Halteres elongated, pale, the ktobs dark. Legs with the coxe dark, the trochanters 2 little paler; remainder of the legs broken. Wings pale grayish yellow; stigma indistinct; veins light brown. Venation: Sc rather short, ending far before the origin of the sector, the distance between the two only a little less than the length of the basal deflection of Cu1; Scz very close to the tip of Sc: and about subequal to it; Rs strongly arcuated; Ra+3s very long as in this group of species, almost straight beyond the origin; Re semiperpen- dicular, short, the distance on the wing margin between the tips of veins Ri and R:z is a little greater than R2 alone; cell R2 a little larger than in noveboracensis; Rats straight, not approaching M12 at the wing margin; basal deflection of Cui at the fork of M. Abdomen dark, the posterior margins of the tergites paler. The colours produced by pruinosity in dried specimens are undoubtedly somewhat dif- ferent from those of the alcoholic type just described. Male hypopygium similar to that of noveboracensis (as figured in the Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia for 1916, Pl. 30, Figs. 79 and 80), but dif- fering in many important respects;the flattened dorsal pleural appendages have but few setz along the truncated or concave apex; the long, slender, ventral arm is expanded into a paddle at the tip, this with the lower margin minutely 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST — —— eee a nae denticulate, the teeth coarser proximally but very minute and delicate on the distal two-thirds of the blade. The tubercle at the dorsal inner edge of the pleurite bears three very long bristles that are but little shorter than the dorsal pleural appendage. The gonapophyses and penis-guard are fused into a sub- cylindrical tube that is armed caudally with several needle-like points. The arrangement of these chitinized horns is about as in noveboracensis, but their shape and structure is very different; appendage b is almost straight and has the two arms of the bifid tip very unequal, the shorter one appearing as a small spine at about mid-length of the appendage; appendage c appears forked at its very base, the one arm very stout basally, near the apex narrowed and strongly curved; the other fork is shorter, gradually pointed and flattened to the tip, the margin with a thin line of hairs. Below (ventrad of) the tube on either side is a very large, flattened, nearly hyaline plate that is almost invisible in balsam. Habitat.—California. Holotype—¥, Wildcat Cafion, San Pablo, California, September 16, 1906, (J. Chester Bradley). The type is in the collection of Cornell University. The only described Nearctic species that is close to G. aciculifera is G. noveboracensis Alex. (Can. Ent., Vol. 48, pp. 319, 320; 1916) of the northeastern United States. The wing venation and the structure of the male hypopygium will easily separate the two forms. In this group of species, the male hypopygium is very complicated in structure, and I am unable to correlate the remarkable structures that surround the penis-guard, with the gonapophvses found in other groups of the genus. Very few specimens of these two species have yet been discovered, and mcre material is needed to finally decide these homologies. GENUS Tricyphona ZETTERSTEDT. Tricyphona petiolata, new species. Size very small; antenna dark brown, with fifteen evident segments, those toward the tip small and nearly globular; general coloration light buff, the mesonotum with a singie conspicuous median dark brown stripe; wings nearly hyaline; cell Rs petiolate; Re perpendicular, at the very tip of R1; cel! M1 lacking; cell /st Mz open by the atrophy of m; abdomen brown, the hypopygium con- spicuously light yellow. Male.—Length about 5.5 mm.; wing 6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black, the former very short. Antenne dark brownish black, with fifteen evident segments, short, the first segment elongate, the second enlarged, globular, the first flagellar segment elongate ova ; those toward the end of the organ smaller and subglobular; the last seg- - ment is elongated and constricted medially as though formed by the close ap- proximation of two small segments. Head brownish gray. Pronotum buffy, broadly dark brown medially. Mesonotum light buffy yellow, the prescutum with a single broad, dark brown median stripe that is narrowed at the tip and becomes obliterated before the suture; lateral prascutal stripes lacking. Pleura buffy yelfow. Halteres pale basally, the knobs dark- brown. Legs with the coxe buff; trochanters light yellow; femora brown, paler basally; tibia and tarsi dark brown. Wings nearly hyaline, narrow; stigma lacking; veins yellowish brown. Venation: Sc long, ending slightly i ££ ees oe rs THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 195 beyond the fork of Re+3+4; Rs short, oblique, almost straight; Re+3+4 variable in length, in one wing shorter than the basal deflection of Cui, in the other a little longer; Re (the apparent r cross-vein; see Alexander; A New Interpretation of che Wing-venation of the Pediciine Crane-flies, Ent. News, Vol. 29, pp. 201- 205, pl. 12; 1918) inserted at the extreme tip of Ri, perpendicular; cell Mi lack- ing; ceil /s¢ Mz open by the atrophy of m; petiole of cell Ms nearly equal to the basal, deflection of C21. Abdomen dark gravish brown, the subterminal segments a little darker; hypopygium conspicuously light yellow. Habitat.—Colorado. Holotype—o, Peaceful. Valley, Colorado, August 25, 1918, (T. D. A. Cockerell). This interesting little fly is to all appearances a Rhaphidolabis of the sub- genus Plectromyia, but the number of antennal segments precludes it from that group, and until more material is available J prefer to consider it a Tricyphona to where it will run by the keys. There are only fifteen distinct antennal seg- ments, but the terminaf one is evidently formed by the close approximation of two very small segments. The fly somewhat resembles a very smal] speci- men of Rhapidolabis major Alex., but the size and venation, especially the position of Re and the lack of cell M:, easily separate the two. GENus Liogma OSTEN SACKEN. Liogma nodicornis flaveola, new subspecies. Male.—Length 12 mm.; wing 8.3 mm. Female.—Length 11 mm.; wing 9 mm. This variety is similar to typical nodicornis, but is much more yellowish throughout. Compared with specimens of typical nodicornis, the following differences are apparent: Antenne light brown. Mesonotal prescutum with the ground colour yellowish brown with the three brown stripes rather narrow and scarcely con- fluent; scutal lobes only indistinctly darker; mesonotal postnotum yellowish with only the terminal third blackish. Pleura mostly vellow, a small, circular, dull black area on the mesepisternum behind the fore coxa. The extensive shiny black areas on the mesosternum before the middle coxa are not continuous across the midventral line. Abdomen pale brown. Habitat.—Virginia. Holotype.— o, Great Falls, Virginia, May 19, 1915. Allotopotype.— 2, June 771915. The northern L. nodicornis nodicornis (O.S.) is easily told from the pale yellowish southern race above diagnosed by its much more extensive black thoracic pattern. In the type-material of typical nodicornis, both varieties are represented. As typical of nodicornis in the strict sense the writer selects the lectotype from the material taken in the White Mts., New Hampshire. GENus Tipula LINN2Us. Tipula doaneiana, new name. Ttpula californica Doane (1912), non Tipula californica (Doane) (1908). In 1908, Doane described under the name Pachyrhina californica, a species of crane-fly that both Dr. Dietz and the writer now refer to the pachyrhinoid series of the genus 7ipula. Dietz (1918), under the misconception that it was 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the 1908 name that was preoccupied, renamed this species Tipula xanthomela. The 1912 species is here renamed as above in honour of Prof. R. W. Doane. Tipula ludoviciana, new species. Belongs to the tricolor group; closely related to 7. sayt Alex. (costalis Say); male antenne very long, bicolorous; wings with a dark costal margin, beneath which is a vitreous streak; a narrow, brown seam along vein Cu. Male.—Length about 13.5-14 mm.; wing 11.5-11.8 mm.; antennz about 13-13.5 mm. Hing leg, femur 9.3 mm.; tibia, 11 mm. Female.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 11.4 mm. Male.—Frontal prolongation of the head moderately elongated, light brown, the nasus slender. Mouth-parts and palpi dark brown. Antennz exceedingly elongate, approximately as long as the entire body, the scape iight brown, the flagellar segments with the basal swelling dark brown, the pedicel light yellow, on the terminal segments more infuscated; the pedicel of the in- termediate flagellar segments is six times as long as the basal enlargements; in addition to the usual black verticils, the segments are provided with a delicate pale pubescence that is easily removed. Vertical tubercle prominent, entire. Head dark with an indistinct darker median line. Mesonotum brown, probably more or less gray pruinose in dry material, the prescutum with three very broad, dark brown stripes; postnotum pale, margined with brown. Pleura pale, probably more or less pruinose in }fe, with indistinct dark markings on the mesopleura, and dark brownish black on the mesosternum between the middle and hind cox. Haliteres slender, brown. Legs with the coxe largely pale; trochanters yellowish, dark brown apically; femora and tibie brown, darkest apically; tarsus brown. Wings gray, the costal region dark brown, this including cells C, Sc, 1st Ri, 2nd Ri, the anterior portion of R, and the outer end of Re; a broad brown seam along vein Cu occupying the space between that vein and the weak degenerate anal vein immediately behind it; a vitreous longitudinal-stripe behind the brown costal margin, this including the posterior portion of cell R, the anterior portion of M, and the base of cells Rs and Rs; veins dark brown. Venation: m-cu short but distinct; petiole of cell Wi about as long as cell 1st Me. Abdominal tergites light brown, the transverse impressed areas on either side near the base of the segments very distinct, bljack ; sternites paler. Male hypopygium smalJ, compressed, as in the tricolor group, with the sclerites fused into a continuous ring. Ninth tergite with the median lbbe very depressed, broad, the posterior margin with a very flattened, V-shaped notch which is black and roughened; no pencil.of hairs on the sides of the median lobe. Outer pleural appendage oval, flattened, pale, with sparse black hairs; inner pleural appendage simple in structure. Ninth sternite carinate. Eighth sternite unarmed. Female.—Similar to the male; antenne shee: much darker coloured than in the male; ovipositor with the tergal valves long, slender, straight; sternal valves short, very compressed, the tips subacute. So Habitat.—Louisiana. Holotype.— 3, Morgan City, Louisiana, June 18, 1917, (Cornell University Expedition, Lot 542, sub. 16). Allotopotype.— 2 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 197 Paratopotypes.—2 o's. The type is in the collection of Cornell University. Tipula ludoviciana is allied to, and superficially resembles, T. sayz Alex. (costalis Say) which has the antenne of the male short, about reaching the base of the abdomen; no dark seam along the vein Cu; the petiole of cell Mt much shorter, and the colorational and hypopygial details different. This new species of Tipula has the male antenna of a length that is quite unique among the known nearctic species of the genus, but which is equalled or exceeded in certain exotic forms. Tipula plutonis, new species. Similar to 7. coracina Alex. of northern Alaska; general coloration gray, the prescutal stripes darker; wings almost clear; abdomen dark gray with the lateral margins of the tergites broadly yellowish; male hypopygium very simple in structure, the ninth tergite broadly transverse, the posterior margin almost straight across with a tiny V-shaped median notch; outer pleural appendage very large and tumid, working transversely across the genital chamber; ninth sternite with.a deep, V-shaped notch. Male.—Length 10.5 mm.; wing 11.5 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, the nasus distinct; mouth- parts dark brown. Antenne short, the basal segments paler brown, the flagellum dark brown throughout; segments of the flagellum short-cylindrical with the terminal swelling about equal to the basal enlargement, the segments but feebly constricted at midlpngth. Head light gray, more obscure posteriorly. Mesonotal prescutum dark gray with four indistinct dark brown stripes, the median pair very indistinctly divided by a capillary line. Remainder of the mesonotum dark gray, the scutal lobes indistinctly marked with brownish. Pleura gray, the dorso-pleural membranes more yellowish. Halteres yellowish brown, the’ knobs dark brown. Legs with the coxe dark gray, tipped with _ paler; trochanters yellowish, tipped with blackish; remainder of the legs broken. Wings subhyaline or very pale grayish; stigma distinct, brown;a distinct obliter- ative streak extending from before the stigma through cell ist M2; veins dark brown. Venation: Rs almost straight; cell Mi very deep, the petiole short, _ about equal to a or a little less than r-m; cell 1st Mz pentagonal; m-cu obliterated “——~ T= ir ee by the punctiform contact of Cui on Mss. Abdomen dark gray, the lateral margins of the tergites broadly yellowish, the posterior margins of the tergites and sternites very narrowly and indis- tinctly ringed with silvery. Male hypopygium of very simple structure. Ninth tergite flattened, broadly transverse, almost rectangular, the pcsterior margin almost straight across and with a minute median V-shaped notch. Ninth pleurite very extensive, the suture indicated by a distinct curved line beneath, the proximal ventral angle narrowed and tufted with a few long, silky hairs. Outer pleural appendage very large and tumid, the ventral face blackened, the surface of the appendage covered with a few short appressed hairs; inner pleural appendage represented by a small flattened, subcircular lobe. The pleural appendages work across the genital chamber after the fashion of the Limnobiini, not against the ninth tergite as in most species of the genus. Ninth sternite profoundly notched by a narrow, V-shaped incision. Eighth sternite 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST unarmed. Eighth tergite, except at the ends, concealed beneath the seventh tergite. Habitat.—California. Holotype-—&%, Alta Meadow, Sequoia National Park, California, altitude: 9,000 feet, Jully 19, 1907, (J. Chester Bradley). The type is in the collection of Cornell University. This primitive little Z7ipula bears a certain resemblance to T. coracina Alex. of Alaska, and the two probably belong to the same group of the genus. The type of 7. plutonis was sent to Prof. Doane for comparison with his types; he notes the general resemblance of the species to 7. spernax O.S., to which, however, the species is at most distantly related. The fused hypopygium of T. spernax with a broad, median tergal lobe will easily separate the species from any other similar member of the genus. Tipula shasta, new species. Belongs to the angustipennis group, close to TI. angustipennis Lw., but with the thorax darker coloured, the wings of a very decided reddish yellow tinge, the abdomen without a black dorso-median stripe, and the details of the male hypopygium different. Male.— Length 20-21 mm.; wing 17-18 mm. Frontal prolongation of the head black, moderately elongated, the nasus distinct; mouth-parts black. Antenne with the first segment black; the second segment and basal two-thirds of the first flagellar segment pale brown to almost black; remainder of the antennz black; flagellar segments with the basal swelling moderate in size. Head broad, gene swollen, eyes small. Head dark brown with a very narrow, pale, whitish yellow line surrounding the eyes. Mesonotal preescutum buffy, more dusky anteriorly, clearer near the suture; preescutum with four very distinct, dark brown stripes, the median pair long, slightly narrowed behind, separated from one another by a more or less distinct 4 capillary line; the lateral stripes, and, less distinctly, the median stripes, are surrounded by a narrow, intensely black border; scutum buffy, the lobes dark brown, surrounded by narrow, black margins; scutellum with three blackish F lines; postnotum dark. Pleura dark brown, indistinctly blotched with still” 4 darker markings. Halteres orange, the knobs and terminal portions of the stem dark brown. Legs with the coxe grayish brown; trochanters brown, femora reddish with the tips narrowly dark brown; tibiee pale reddish, the tips narrowly and indistinctly darkened; tarsi with the basal segments dull reddish, - eradually passing into a dark brown. Wings with a strong, saturated, reddish yellow tinge, clearer, more yellow, on the costal region, especially cell Sc, more brownish on the posterior portion and the, wing-apex in cells Re and Rs; stigma large, dark brown; a small hyaline obliterative area before and beyond the stigma; an indistinct hyaline line across the base of cell 1st Mz; a large pale blotch toward the end of cell M, as usual in this group of species; the only nearctic species of Tipula known to the writer with wings of this colour is T. ultima — Alex. (flavicans Fabr.) of the eastern United States. Venation: cell M: short- | petiolate, the petiole a little longer than r-m; m-cu distinct or punctiform. Abdomen with the first segment blackish; remainder of the abdomen — bright reddish, the lateral margins of the tergites more obscure; third abdominal - tergite usually a little darker in colour than the other segments. Male hypopy-_ ~ ao ” THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 gium very similar to that of 7. angustipennis, but more enlarged and com- pressed. Ninth tergite large, gradually narrowed posteriorly, ‘the caudal margin with a very broad and deep V-shaped notch, the apices of the adjacent lobes bluntly rounded, and each tipped with a small, chitinized tubercle. Ninth pleurite complete, large, the posterior angle produced caudad into a broad, flattened, obtuse chitinized lobe; proximal ventral angles of the pleurité each . with a very prominent yellowish fleshy lobe that juts caudad, the apex bifid by a broad notch; outer pleural appendage small, cylindrical to subclavate. with numerous long, pale hairs; inner pleural appendage a large, compressed _ blade whose apex juts into the notch of the tergite. Ninth sternite with the adjacent margins contiguous, from the opening a long, slender, chitinized rod and a few long, coarse, yellow hairs protrude. Eighth sternite unarmed, some- what projecting behind. Eighth tergite entirely concealed beneath the seventh tergite. - Habitat.—California. Holotype.— %, Foothills of Mount Shasta, California, May 17, 1914. | Paratopotypes.—Males with the type, May 16, 17; paratypes two d's, Yosemite Valley, California, May 22, 1908, (E. T. Cresson, Jr.). The type is in the collection of Dr. Dietz; paratypes in the collection of the writer and the American Entomolpgical Society. This beautiful, yellow-winged 7 7pula is related to 7. angustipennis Lw. of northern North America, but is abundantly distinct. The type material was very kindly sent me by Dr. Dietz with the indication that it probably represented a new species. The writer could not reconcile the fly with any of the descriptions, and sent the material to Prof. Doane for his opinion and com- _ parison with his extensive series of Western Tipulas. He also believes the species to be close to T. angustipennis, which is certainly the case, but the two species show numerous constant differences. Prof. Doane writes that he has a female of this species from the Yosemite Valley. pall. i pd ela i alll NOTES ON PELENOMUS SULCICOLLIS FAHRS. (CURCULIONIDA&). BY ROBERT MATHESON, ITHACA, N.Y. During the past three seasons a small patch of some five or six square yards of fringed loosestrife (Steironema ciliatum (L) Raf.) growing on the. bank of a small stream which passes near my house has been badly destroyed by some foliage feeding insect. My attention was attracted to it this season as nearly every plant, and it was aimost a pure stand of this species, was practically destroyed, the leaves having been completely riddled, and many of the stalks badly eaten. Previous eXaminations had shown that a small coleopterous larva was doing the work, but I had not noted them in any considerable num- bers. Late in July (1918) I found numerous small silken cocoons scattered _ over the under side of the leaves of the loosestrife, and on later examination | - found many small snout beetles feeding on the plants. As the beetle seemed to be a species about which very little was known, I reared a few of the larve and made a close examination for the place of egg deposition, My efforts were rew arded and, though rather late in the season, _ I found all stages of the beetle. The beetle was kindly identified by Mr. C. W. ___ Augnst, 1919 ? 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST = Leng as Pelenomus sulcicollis Fahrs. (Curculionidae), and as nothing has ever been published on the biology of this genus I think these few notes may be of interest. The beetles were very abundant during August and early September, oftentimes five or six beetles being present on a single leaf. They feed largely on the leaf tissue, skeletonizing it; though this year, on account of the almost complete destruction of the leaves by the larve, the beetles were forced to feed on the stems and mid-ribs of the leaves. These they cut into with their mandi- bles, and then eat the softer parts within. During the latter part of September the beetles became fewer and fewer in numbers, and there is no doubt that they hibernate somewhere amongst the fallen leaves and rubbish. After some search I found where the eggs are laid. Just beneath the lower epidermis of the leaves near the veins I found a few empty egg-shells. (Plate XVIII, Fig. 3): The eggs are laid singly and, as a result of the oviposition, the area in which the egg is laid dies and becomes brown. This dead area shows only on the lower surface, evidently the parenchyma not being suffi- ciently damaged. The larve feed on the lower surface of the leaves almost entirely. They destroy the lower epidermis and parenchyma, leaving the upper epidermis intact. This soon dies, and large open spaces are left, giving the appearance shown in Plate XVIII, Figs. 1 and 2. As the larve do not possess legs they evidently move by the action of the large flat surfaces on the ventral side of each segment. These can evidently be moved slightly by muscular action, though I have never seen the larve actually crawl. Fig 23.—Pelenomus sulcicollis Fahrs.; mature larva, pupa and adult. When mature the larve spin small silken cocoons on the under surface or axil of the leaf, and in the destroyed ends of the stem. These pupal cases are rather beautiful, especially when a number of them are formed close together. (Plate XVIII, Fig. 5.) In these silken cells the larve transform to pupz within a few days, and the adults emerge in about two weeks. After emergence the — beetles feed quite extensively before going into hibernation. So far as my observations go there is undoubtedly only a single generation a season. Sits a ie ; . Pe EA A Mia! PPR He bre, Py ae CANVENT, VOEQER. PLATE XVIII, Pelenomus sulcicollis Fahrs.—1. Destruction of foliage. 2. Destruction of plant. 3. Eggs in leaf tissue. 4. View of destroyed plants. 5, Pupal cases on stem and leaves, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 201 DESCRIPTION OF STAGES. The egg —The egg was not observed though egg-shells were found in the place of oviposition. The larva.— The mature larva is dirty white to almost pure white in colour. The head is rather strongly chitinized, and the prothorax possesses a narrow, chitinized area on the dorsal surface. The rest of the larva is soft and possesses no defensive structures, even sete of all kinds being absent. [The head is small, rounded, a:most sphericai: in shape, and about one-half as wide as the thorax. Two black ocelli are present on each side of the head just above the mandibles. The body of the.mature larve is strongly curved dorsally, much wrinkled by transverse depressions, and tapers slightly in both directions. The ventral surface is flattened. Legs are absent. The larva measures 4 mm. in length. The pupa.— The pupa is broad, short and somewhat flattened. It is at first pure white, later darkening, and before transforming assumes the dark colours of the beetles. The wing-pads lie curved under the body, passing between the second and third pair of legs. The prothorax is strongly tubercu.ate, and from the tubercules arise long, chitinized seta, about 14 in ali. Similar setz arise from the distal lateral ends of the femora, the head and beak. These long sete prevent the soft body of the pupa from coming in contact with the pupal cell. The pupa measures 2.5 mm. in length by 2 mm. in extreme breadth. The beetle.— The beetle is a rather pretty snout beetle, and is described by Blatchley and Leng in their ‘“‘Rhyncophora of North-eastern America” as follows:—“Broadly oval. Dark piceous, clothed with brown scales having a brassy tinge and variegated with pale ones, the latter condensed on the sides and on basa: half of dorsai channel of thorax, and formting on the elytra a smali post-scutellar and numerous smailer subquadrate spots; antenne and legs reddish-brown. Beak scarcely longer than head, widened toward apex, densely and finely punctate. Thorax nearly twice as wide at base as long, dorsal, channel entire, widening into a fovea in front; lateral tubercles acute, disc finely and closely punctured. Elytra one-fourth wider at base than thorax, sides broadly rounded, strie punctured; intervals feebly convex, the alternate ones slightly more so. Length 2.3-2.5 mm.” THE SYNONYMY OF HELICE CHAMBERS AND THEISOA CHAMBERS. (MICROLEPIDOPTERA). BY ANNETTE F. BRAUN, CINCINNATI, O. The description of the venation of Theisoa by Chambers in his character- ization of that genus, and his figure in the Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History were both made from male specimens, as an examination of material of both sexes shows. Singularly enough, subsequent studies on this genus have also been confined to males, as must be concluded from the published notes by Mr. Busck (cf. Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XI, 94, 1909), where, in estab- lishing the synonymy of Cacelice and Theisoa, he refers to the figure of the “characteristic venation” of this genus, as shown in Cacelice permolestella Busck. Observations made by the writer on Theisoa constrictella, T. permolestella and Helice pallidochrella, and presented below reopen the interesting question of August, 1919 - 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ee the relationship of 7heisoa and Helice. For earlier references to these genera see Dyar’s List, Nos. 5592, 6130, 6182. In Theisoa constrictella, males (Fig. 24-a) in the fore wing, veins 7 and 9 are out of 6, with 8 absent; here the transverse vein is much nearer to 10 than to 9. In the female (Fig. 24-b)8 is present, and 9 separates from the stalk of 6, 7, 8 and 9 sooner than in the male, thus showing a less specialized condition. In the hind wing of the male (Fig. 24-c) the vein apparently forming the upper margin of the cell reaches the margin of the wing just below the apex; if followed toward base, it is seen to curve downward, being more or less distinctly con- nected with lower margin of cell near the middle of the wing by a very short discal vein, from thence to base it is obsolescent. In one specimen,: the hind wing on one side (Fig. 24—d) shows an additional vein lying costalward of this;it is indistinct from base to middle, where it makes a scarceiy noticeabie bend toward the discal vein, and reaches the costa at about two-thirds .the wing length. I consider this vein 7 and its presence in this instance an atavistic character. In the hind wing of the female (Fig. 24-e) the upper margin of the cell extends almost straight from base, reaching the costa almost at apex; it is rather in- distinct in its basal half. Its course in the basal half is exactly that of the “additional vein’’ in one male wing, above mentioned; in its apical half its course is such as to lead to the inference that it is formed by the coalescence of the vein, which normally in the male forms the upper margin of the cell with the “additional vein.” There is no indication of a discal vein in the female. From these observations I conclude that the venation of the hind wing in this species was derived from a type in which both veins, 6 and 7, were present and separate; in the process of evolution, the male and female show a divergence, in direction of development to the extent that in the male vein 7 has disap- peared completely by obsolescence leaving vein 6 to form the upper margin of the cell, while in the female, 6 has coalesced completely with 7, the only evidence of the process remaining being the costal ending of the apical vein as contrasted with its terminal ending in the male. Fig. 24. In order to determine whether the same difference in venation exists be- tween the sexes of Theisoa permolestella, an examination of a series of specimen. was made; this examination revealed that all the specimens of T. permolestella ee en hho Oe eg Ste THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 203 are males. The venation agrees with the usual venation of the male T. con- strictella. No indication of vein 7 was found in the hind wing; vein 6 reaches the marg.n considerably below the apex. Helice ‘pallidochrella is found to be represented by females only. The venation agrees with that of the female Thetsoa constrictella; with slight dif- erences indicating a more generalized condition, viz., in the forewing (Fig.24-f) 9 is separate from the stalk of 6, 7 and 8; in the hind wing (Fig. 24-g) 6+7 is distinct to the base, but its course is exactly that of this vein in 7. constrictella female. My conclusion is that Thetsoa permolestella is the male of Helice pallido- chrella. In the genus Helice we have an extremely specialized Gelechiid genus, -of which the female of one species, in venation the least specialized, has alone retained the characteristic Gelechiid shape of the hind wing. Another factor which argues against the retention of the genus Theisoa as a Cosmopterygid genus, is that the costa of the hind wing does not show a degree of modification in outline corresponding to the specialization in venation. The supposed specific differences separating Theisoa permolestella from Helice pallidochrella, are not confined to either, but are shown in individuals of both. Late summer specimens of males (supposed 7. permolestella) and females (H- pallidochrella) show a dark tornal spot opposite the costal spot at the apical ‘third, which is more or less distinct, sometimes as large as the costal spot. The synonymy of the genera and species under discussion will, therefore, stand as follows: Helice Chambers, Can. Ent., V, 187, 1873 (Type H. pallidochrella Chambers). syn. Theisoa Chambers; Cacelice Busck. 1. pallidochrella Chambers. syn. gleditschigella Chambers; permolestella (Busck). 2. constrictella (Zeller). syn. bifasciella (Chambers). 3. multifasciella (Chambers). NOTES ON SULCACIS LENGI DURY* AND ORCHESIA CASTANEA MELS.,* BREEDING IN FUNGI. BY HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. Sulcacis lengi Dury. This species, which was described by Dury in 1917 (Syn. of Col., Fam. Ciside (Cioide) of Amer. N. of Mex.-Jour. Cin. Soc. Nat. His., Vol. XXII, No. 2, p. 20) from Vermont and Cincinnati specimens, has recently been found in New Jersey breeding in the following fungi, **—Lenszites betulina L., Polyporus versicolor L., Polyporus giluus Sch., and Polyporus hirsutus Wul., all of which eccur on dead wood of deciduous trees. It was most abundant in Polyporus versicolor at Monmouth Junction, N.J., and occurred only sparingly in Polyporus hirsutus. Hibernation appears to take place in both larval and adult stages, as both r of these forms were found on March 1, but no pupe. By keeping the infested ; *Kindly identified by C. W. Leng. Me Beene vesned by Erdman West. 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST fungi in a warm room for several weeks, pup were finally secured. Most of the larval feeding was done in the context, and it was here also that pupation took place. Full-grown Larva.—Length 1.7 mm.; width 0.42 mm. Grub-like; slightly curved when viewed laterally; subcylindrical, tapering slightly anteriorly; skin somewhat wrinkled, creamy white except for mandibles and adjacent mouth- parts which are dark; ocelli lateral, one pair and a single one above; body seg- mentation distinct; body bearing a few scattered hairs; first thoracic segment twice as long as second; remaining thoracic and abdominal segments subequal in length; ninth and last abdominal segment bears a dorsal pair of dark, strongly chitinized, comparatively large hooks curved anteriorly; each leg terminated by a fine curved hook. Pupa.—Length 1.22 mm.; width 0.48 mm. Creamy white, sparsely hairy, posterior end terminated by two parallel spines. Orchesia castanea Mels. This species was described by Melsheimer in 1846 (Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sei., III, 57). Blatchley (Coleoptera of Indiana) records it from Indiana in woody fungi and Smith (N. J. State Mus. Rept. 1909) lists it from several points in New Jersey from ‘‘hard fungi’’ on trees. During the first week of March, larve of this species were plentiful in Trametes suaveolens L., on willow at Kingston, N.J., and to a slight extent in Lenzites betulina at New Brunswick, N.J. In view of this it appears that over- wintering takes place in the larval stage. It undoubtedly breeds in other species of fungi as Trametes suaveolens and Lenzites betulina are not what one would call hard fungi, and as Schwarz (Psyche I, 1876, pp. 145-148) mentions it as inhabitating a fungus growing on a dead beech. The larva feeds in the context and tubes, and pupation, which requires about eight days in April, occurs in the context. Full-grown Larva.—Length 7 mm.; width 1.6 mm.; subcylindrical, slightly curved when viewed laterally; sparsely hairy; segmentation distinct; creamy white except for head and mouth-parts, which are brownish; antenna conical, light, three-jointed, distal segment bearing two hairs-on tip; ocelli lateral, five in number, three in a row and two single ones posterior to them; first thoracic segment one and one-half times length of third; second thoracic segment some- what constricted medially; nine abdominal segments; ventral abdominal sur- face wrinkled; legs three-jointed, each terminated by a dark, chitinized hook; each leg bears a few spine-like hairs and a group of short spines on anterior basal portion; spiracles on first prothoracic and abdominal segments one to eight. a) Pupa.—Length 5-6.5 mm.; width 1.8-2.3 mm.; elongate, rounded an- teriorly and pointed posteriorly; creamy white; head and prothorax bearing numerous large and small acuminate spines each with a tuberculate base, each spine bearing a long hair which arises just below the tip, the largest spines occurring near lateral and anterior margins of prothorax; a pair of similar spines: occur on dorsal surface of second and third thoracic segments; each abdominal segment bears a transverse row of dorsal spines, the largest ones being median and lateral; abdominal spines slant posteriorly; last abdominal segment bears a pair of small hooks curved upward and anteriorly. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 205 THE PANURGINE BEES OF NORTH DAKOTA AND = A NEW EPEOLUS. (HYM.) BY 0. A. STEVENS, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, N. DAK. Since 1910 the writer has spent as much time as other duties would permit - collecting and studying the flower-visiting insects, chiefly bees, of this state. A list of the wasps had been published (Ent. News, Vol. 28, pp. 419-423, 1917) Records of some of the bees have been published as follows: Cockerell—Can. Ent. Vol. 48, p. 390, 1911.—Neopasites (Holcopasites) robertsoni Cwfd. and Andrena hirticincta Prov. Crawford—Can. Ent., Vol. 45, pp. 155-156, 1913.—Prosopis stevensi, n. sp.~ —Proc. U.S. Mus., Vol. 48, p. 579, 1915.—species of Panurginus. —Insec. Ins. Menst., ‘Vol. 3, pp. 125-126, 1915.—Holcopasites Stevenst, N. sp. Franklin —Ent. News, Vol. 26, pp. 413-415, 1915.—species of Bombide. Swenk —Univ. Nebr. Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1, 1912.—species of Nomada (3 new). —TIbid., Vol. 15, No. 2, 1915.—species of Nomadide (8 new) and Stelidide. The present paper presents records of the Panurgide of Ashmead, and also a new Epeolus. Prof. Cockerell has kindly suggested that these described species were new and has looked over the descriptions. The types will be placed in the U. S. National Museum. Family MAcCRoPID. Macropis morsei Robertson. (det. Crawford). Fargo, Kensal, New Rockford, Deering, Kenmare, Pleasant Lake and Granville. Mostly at flowers of Steironema; at one time many of both sexes were found sucking nectar at Lactuca pulchella (which was growing near a quantity of Stetronema), Occasional specimens at A pocynum androsenufolium and A. hypericifolium (males), Petalostemon oligophyllum, Onagra strigosa, Solidago canadensis, Symphoricarpos occidentalis and Taraxacum taraxacum; June 26 to Aug. 11. Family DUFOUREID2. Halictoides marginatus (Cresson). (det. Crawford). Fargo, Valley City, Lakota, Rugby, Monango (J. F. Brenckle). Mott _ (J. R. Campbell), Dickinson (C. H. Waldron). A rather common bee, mostly at sunflowers (Helianthus petiolaris, H. scaberrimus and H. tuberosus), also at _ Grindelia squarrosa; Aug. 9 to Sept. 18. , Halictoides maurus (Cresson). (det. Crawford). Cavalier, Valley City, Mandan, Glen Ullin, Leeds, Minot, Marmarth. A fairly common bee at flowers of Campanula rotundifolia; June 30 to Aug. 5. Family PANURGID2. Perdita canadensis Crawford (det. Crawford). Sheldon, Pleasant Lake, Williston and Dickinson (C. H. Waldron). At flowers of Helianthus petiolaris and. H. scaberrimus; July 25 to Aug. 21. Some twenty of each sex and several pairs taken in copula. The male has not been described. The more strongly marked ones agree quite closely with the de- scription of that sex of P. lacteipennis Swenk and Cockerell. In others the yel- low markings are almost entirely absent. The mandibles are usually yellowish- August, 1919 206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST red medially, darker. red apically and greenish black basally. The females agree well with the original description. The spots on the first abdominal segment are often absent, and the bands on the others are sometimes all in- terrupted medilly. Mr. Crawford writes that he is uncertain of the validity of the species. Perdita bruneri Cockerell. k Fargo, Enderlin, Sheldon, Valley City, Jamestown, Bismarck, Pleasant Lake, Rugby, Minot, Schafer, Williston and Dickinson (C. H. Waldron); Aug. 6 to Sept. 15. A common bee and much the most common of the genus in the State. Only four females were taken at Fargo previous to 1917, when it was found in considerable numbers. Mostly at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa; also at Chrysopsis villosa, Aster multiflorus and Helianthus petiolaris. Perdita swenki Crawford. Valley City and Pleasant Lake at Grindelia squarrosa, Chrysopsis villosa, Helianthus maximiliani and Solidago canadensis; Aug. 11 and 13. Taken only the two times, although in considerable numbers at Valley City. These two species determined by Prof. Cockerell some time ago as P. cockerelli Cwfd. and P. bruneri Ckll. Perdita tridentata, new species. (Fig. 25, 1). Male.—Length 4 to 5.5 mm. Head and thorax greenish-blue. Yellow markings as follows: base of clypeus with a broad median and narrow marginal extensions, supra-clypeal spot about half as high as wide, lateral face marks gradually or irregularly narrowed to a point at about the upper level of antennal sockets (see Fig. 1), mandibles except tips, scape and under side of flagellum (less so on first three joints); tegule, wingbases and small spots on pronotum; front half of anterior legs for their entire length, a narrower stripe on intermediate ones, knees of posterior legs and often a very narrow stripe on their tibize; bands on first, fourth and fifth segments interrupted medially, those on second and third slightly notched. Apex of clypeus, labrum, upper side of flagellum and a small spot on apex of scape, light brown; legs and abdomen dark brown; wings clear but nervures dark, apex of abdomen triangular but obtusely rounded. Type No. 6372. The type is from a series of 13 specimens taken on He- lianthus petiolaris at Pleasant Lake, North Dakota, Aug. 11, 1918. Two were taken on H. scaberrimus near Sheldon, Aug. 14, 1916, and one on H. petiolaris at the same place Aug. 21, 1918. ‘“A species of the affinis group,’’ writes Prof. Cockerell. The abdomen is very much like that of P. swenki Cwfd. The clypeal marking is somewhat variable, the central extension sometimes quadrate and covering a large part of the clypeus, but more commonly rounded and shorter, the lateral extension _ sometimes nearly absent. In one specimen the clypeus is nearly all dark and the abdominal bands are considerably reduced. Supra-clypeal mark often notched above, sometimes almost divided. Perdita laticincta Swenk and Cockerell. Sheldon, Pleasant Lake and Dickinson (C. H. Waldron). All at Helianthus petiolaris; July 28 to Aug. 21. Prof. Cockerel! has confirmed the identification of this and the next two species. ’ i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 207 Perdita citrinella Graenicher. Minot and Granville. At Petalostemon oligophyllum; July 8 and Aug. 22, five females, eleven males.’ Female.—Dark sutures of head and thorax quite prominent; two specimens have tibie dark except knees, middle tarsi dark, ventral surface of abdomen dark medially, and scape and upper side of flagellum dark. Male.—Closely resembles the female. Hind tibia usually dark behind; abdomen usually with dark triangular patches at sides of segments 2 to 5. The males does not seem to have been previously described, although Crawford recorded* a specimen from Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. The markings of both sexes vary quite a little, but there is no suggestion of inter- ’ grading with the following species. In a series of eight males taken at the same time, considerable variation is known. The dark lines next the eyes are shorter than in the female, but the spots between these and the antenne are prominent, sometimes each occupying one-fourth the width of the front; well developed spots are sometimes present at sides of lateral ocelli and small ones behind apex of eyes. Two have lateral brown lines on the mesoscutum, while one has suf- fused brown lines both medially and laterally, and nearly complete bands on abdomen. One has hind tarsi yellow. Perdita perpallida Cockerell. Sand hills near Sheldon, Aug. 12, 1916, and Aug. 21, 1918, at Petalostemon villosum; ten females, seven males. This species would seem to have been expected where the preceding was taken, and vice versa. This plant occurs only in this part of the State and near Pleasant Lake and Towner (not far from where Perdita citrinella was taken); P. oligophyllum and purpureum are common plants throughout the State. Perdita martini Cockerell. 1895.—Perdita martini Cockerell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1895, p. 14, male. Male.—Agrees closely with the original description. The yellow on the face extends about to the middle of the anterior ocellus, its upper line irregular, being depressed under the lateral ocelli and slightly produced next the eye, a narrow line following the direction of its upper border reaching the lateral ocellus. Brown of the antenne above mostly limited to the junctions of the first four or five joints of the flagellum; yellow on cheeks extending fully two- thirds the length of the eyes. Meso-pleure with a broad yellow mark extending from front coxe to mid- way between middle coxe and tubercles; middle tibiz with a dark spot above, posterior tibize dark, and femora on apical half both above and below; posterior tarsi brownish; stigma yellow, nervures brownish. Female.—Length 5 mm. Yellow on clypeus, labrum, a low supra-clypeal _ spot, spot behind base of mandibles, lateral face marks extending from middle of clypeus to slightly above base of antenne with an irregular margin, scape of antenne and lower side of flagellum, tegula, tubercles and a line on prothorax connecting them. Legs with coxe dark, trochanters yellow; anterior yellow except a spot in inner side of femora; middle with a larger spot on femora, and a small one on outer side of tibia; posterior dark except knees. Dark bands of - *Can. Ent. vol. 44, p. 359, 1912. 208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST abdomen rather more pronounced than in male, the first three slightly produced backward at the sides. Minot, North Dakota, Aug. 22, 1915. One of each sex on Grindelia : squarrosa. Allotype No. 9293; male No. 9294. The female runs in Cockerell’s table (1896) to zonalis Cress. or rectangulata Ckll. It resembles the latter in face markings. Mr. E. T. Cresson, Jr., has kindly compared these with the type of P. martini and considers them. identical. He notes: “‘yellow of cheeks to Y eye and black of occiput extends nearly to lower orbit level; mid-tibia not darkened,. post-tibie darkened above, all femora immaculate; nervures pale and all pale parts more whitish than yellow.’”’ He also sends a sketch of the pleural markings, which shows a rather greater and more irregular extension of yellow on the fore part of the mesopleure. Greeyleyella beardsleyi Cockerell. (det. Crawford). 1907.—Panurginus malvastrt Swenk and Cockerell, Ent. News, Vol. 16, p. 179. Dickinson, two females July 4, 1912 (C. H. Waldron), two females and a male July 4, 1914; Gascoyne, June 19, 1918, one pair in copula, five males and three females; Mott, July 7, one male. All at flowers of Malvastrum coccineum. To the list of species Panurginus which Crawford has published *, a num- ber of new localities may be added and the complete list is given, herewith. P. innuptus, nebrascensis and renimaculatus are quite common bees, the others less so. Panurginus innuptus Cockerell. Fargo, Nicholson, Valley City, Bismarck, Dickinson (C. H. Waldron), Marmarth, Lakota, Stanley and Minot. At flowers of Helianthus annuus (cult.), H. maximiliani, H. tuberosus and H. strumosus, Brauneria pallida, Ratibida columnaris, Solidago canadensis, Grindelia squarrosa, and Centaurea jacea (cult.); July 4 to Sept. 11. Panurginus renimaculatus Cockerell. Fargo, Jamestown, McKenzie, Bismarck, Dickinson (C. H. Waldron), Sentinel Butte, Grand Forks, Lakota, Crary, Perth, Devils Lake, Minot and Williston. Mostly at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa, occasionally at Aster multiflorus, A. paniculatus, A. chinensis (cult.), Boltonia asteroides, Helianthus maximiliant and H. petiolaris; Aug. 5 to Sept. 22. In addition to the characters given by Crawford for the male, the wings are clear, and the dorsal surface of the first abdominal segment closely punctured up to the depressed apex (nebrascensis has smoky wings and first segment with more or less of a smooth shining space before the depressed apex, and a smooth, slightly raised median line.) Panurginus nebrascensis Crawford. Fargo, Valley City, Jamestown, McKenzie, Bismarck, Lakota, Crary, Devil’s Lake, Granville, Minot, Tolley, Williston. Mostly at flowers of Grindeha squarrosa, also at Chrysopsis villosa, Cuscuta gronovii (1 male), Petalosteon oligophyllum, Solidago canadensis and Taraxacum taraxacum; Aug. 5 to Sept. 28. Panurginus simulans Swenk and Cockerell. Fargo, Williston and Dickinson (C. H. Waldron). At flowers of Helianthus annuus (cult.), H. maximiliani, H. petiolaris and Taraxacum taraxacum; July 28 — ee a ee ny : j ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 209 to Sept. 8. I have never been quite satisfied with the disposition of this species, but Mr. Crawford writes that he has twice compared it with the types. Panurginus piercei Crawford. Fargo, Valley City, Dickinson (C. H. Waldron), Monango (J. F. Brenckle). Mott (J. R. Campbell), Wales, Lakota, Crary and Perth. At flowers of Grindelia squarrosa, Helianthus annuus (cult.), H. maximiliani, H. scaberrimus, H. tuberosus and Solidago rigida; Aug. 8 to Sept. 16. = Two other species of Panurginus have been collected but not yet determined. One is a species related to P. parvus Rob. flying in July; the other is autumnal and probably related to some of the eastern forms. 2 Fig. 25.—1. Perdita prideuiiin fave markings of type. 2 and 3. Hesperapis carinata—dorsal (fig. 2) and laterol (fig. 3) view of seventh and eighth abdominal segment. Hesperapis carinata, new species. Male.—Length 10-11 mm. Black with dense ochraceous pubescence, which is paler on the face and pleurz, also on the thorax above in some speci- mens; face narrowed below, about as long as the median width; vertex smooth and shining, produced but very little beyond the eyes; antenne not elongate, black; the flagellum reddish beneath, its joints scarcely longer than wide except the first and last which are slightly so, the second half as long; maxillary palpi about 750 microns, the six joints subequal; joints of the labial palpi about 425, 425, 275 and 275 microns; mandibles toothed. Mesoscutum rather dull, the punctures of moderate size and separated by slightly more than a puncture width; propodeum rounded, the central area very smooth and shining, the sides dull and hairy; tegule reddish yellow; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma honey colour, the subcosta darker; first submarginal one-half longer than second, the second narrowed a little more than half; cubital nervure very straight throughout, also the second transverse-cubital, and the basal nearly so; the basal received a little anterior of the transverse medial; legs not thickened, dark, tarsi reddish yellow, the claws deeply cleft. Abdomen dull, first segment more shining and with a thin ochraceous pubescence; the others with short black hairs and a few scattered ochraceous ones especially on the second and third; all with prominent apical ochraceous bands; seventh dorsal segment punctured at the base and with ochraceous pubescence at base and on the sides, testaceous, smooth and shining with a high, Y-shaped carina; eighth ventral somewhat narrowed and rounded at apex. (Fig. 25—2, 3). Ten males, at flowers of Helianthus scaberrimus in the sand hills near Sheldon, . North Dakota; August 12,1916. Type No. 9681. Also six males at H. petiolaris, same place August 21, 1918. This runs in Cockerell’s table (Psyche, 1916, p. 176) to Jarree, but Prof. Cockerell writes that the superficial resemblance is 210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST rather to rhodocerata— has quite the appearance of some Hesperapis, but is a peculiar and isolated species.’ The finding of a species of this genus previously known only from the southwestern United States, presents another interesting question in the status of this group. The first lot were taken early in the fore- noon on a misty day and were inactive. The second trip proved too much the same to shed any further light on their habits. Calliopsis coloradensis (Cresson). Fargo, Valley City, Jamestown, Bismarck, Sentinel Butte, Lakota, Crary, Devils Lake, Perth, Granville, Minot and Williston. A common bee, usually at flowers of Grindelia squarrosa, also at Chrysopsis villosa; Aug.'4 to Sept. 10. Specimens of this species have been examined by both Cockerell and Crawford. Calliopsis nebrascensis Crawford. (det. Crawford). Valley City, July 26, 1913. A number at flowers of Verbena hastata. Calliopsis andreniformis Smith. (det. Cockerell). Fargo, Aug. 24 and 26, 1912. One female and two males at flowers of Melilotus alba. Another female on Solidago canadensis, Fargo, Sept. 11, 1917, is referred by Cockerell to var. rhodophilus Ckll. Protandrena asclepiadis Cockerell. (det. Crawford). Minot, Aug. 22, 1915, 2 females; Marmarth, July 4, 1918, eight females, ten males. At flowers of Lactuca pulchella, Petalostemon oligophyllum, Sym- phoricarpos occidentalis and Astragalus gracilis (males, about sunset). Epeolus dacotensis, new species. Female.—Length 12-14 mm., stout, black with four white abdominal bands which are broad, entire and nearly straight; sparse white appressed pubescence on margins of mesoscutum especially anteriorly, on collar, metano- tum, tubercles and a small patch behind them, a few on base of abdomen and sides of fifth segment; otherwise entirely black; a few erect, black hairs on upper part of face, vertex, cheeks, pleuree and mesoscutum. Clypeus with close, shallow punctures and scattered larger ones; Hace slightly narrowed below; maxillary palpi with only one evident free joint which is about .3 mm. long; central lobes of mesoscutum large, low and rounded, the lateral ones small, indistinctly pointed; mesonotum coarsely and somewhat confluently punctured; wings dark, the second submarginal narrowed nearly to a point, third not narrowed; abdomen broad, band on first segment broader than the rest, concase medially (from the base of the abdomen); last two bands slightly curved at the sides; fifth segment with a large differentiated area which is scarcely at all flattened. Male.—Entirely similar, length 12-13 mm.; apex of abdomen truncate. Williston, North Dakota; one female (type No. 8969) Aug. 8, four males Aug. 14, 1915; one of the males on flowers of Helianthus petiolaris, the other, at a clay bank; Marmarth, North Dakota, July 4, 1918, two females on Lactuca pulchel a and one on Helianthus petiolaris. A very distinct and striking species probably parasitic on Anthophora occidentalis and A. neomexicana, colonies of the former nesting at Williston, the latter at Marmarth. One of the Marmarth females has the pale pubescence more abundant on the mesonotum, and extend- — ing considerably on the mesopleure and a little on the outer sides of the legs, especially the tibia. 4 8 - Foe 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 211 ON THE USE OF THE NAMES LACHNUS AND LACHNIELLA. (HOM.) BY A. C. BAKER, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D.C. In aphid literature much confusion has existed in the use of the two names mentioned in the title of this note, and it seems worth while to give the history of the names at the present time in order that entomologists may have the facts before them. The genus Lachnus was erected in 1835 by eurmeister, and five rather diverse species were included in the genus, but no type was set. Of these species fagt L. and quercus L. were removed as the types of other and more recent genera. Various species were from time to time set as the type of Lachnus: These are as follows: 1840. Aphis roboris Lin. by Westwood. 1863. Lachnus pinicola Kalt by Passerini. 1908, Aphis nudus De Geer by Mordwilko. 1910. Lachnus punctatus Burm. by Wilson. 1911. Lachnus fasciatus Burm. by Wilson. Now the first three fixations are invalid, since the species were not included in the original genus.- The first valid fixation, therefore, is that of Wilson 1910, when he set punctatus as type. According to the rules of nomenclature, this species must remain the type of the genus Lachnus. Unfortunately there is no uniformity of opinion as to what punctatus really is. In other words, the genus Lachnus must remain unknown until punctatus is definitely determined. In 1911 Wilson wrote as follows: ‘‘A careful study of Lachnus viminalis Boyer, Boyer’s description of that species and Burmeister’s description may (?) show that L. viminalis Boyer is identical with L. punctatus Burm. In that case Lachnus will be definitely established with L. fasciatus as type.” According to the present writer’s reasoning it would be definitely established with L. punctatus (=viminalis) as type, the species set by Wilson in 1910. Later in his 1911 paper Wilson assumed that the two species punctatus and viminalis were the same and, following his argument as just quoted, he made L. fasciatus the type of Lachnus, disregarding his earlier fixation. This was evidently done because L. viminalis had been fixed as the type of Tuberolachnus by Mordwilko in 1908. In a recent paper (1919) Wilson makes the simple statement that fasciatus is the type of Lachnus. The writer contends that if the identity of punctatus and viminalis is con- ceded to be established, then according to our rules Tuberolachnus will become a synonym of Lachnus having the same species punctatus (=viminalis) as type. And this is a species very different from fasciatus. The writer holds no brief for either species, but contends that without special action suspending the rules in this case it is impossible to consider fasciatus the type of Lachnus. He is as anxious as any other worker to have the genus Lachnus definitely established, but he feels that if a change of type for the genus is desirable, considering all the facts, it can be had only through action by the authorities properly qualified to suspend the rules. The genus Lachniella was erected by Del Guercio in 1909, but no type was set for the genus. In 1911 Wilson-stated this fact, and then placed the genus as a synonym of Lachnus in the following way: August, 1919 212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST - 7. Lachnus Burmeister. Syn. Lachniella Del Guercio. Type L. fasciatus Burm. Since no type had previously been established for Lachniella, and since the genus contained a number of diverse species the placing of it thus, according to the writer’s reasoning, indicates fasciatus, one of the included species of Lachniella as its type. Otherwise there would be no reason for so placing the genus. In his most recent paper (1919) Wilson has used Lachniella in quite a different sense, and would exclude fasciatus from the genus. This species, the present writer contends, is the only one that has in any way been suggested as type of Lachniella, and he believes that it is the type of the genus. Otherwise the genus is without a type. This leaves the genus Lachniella of Wilson without a name, and to this genus we give the name Wilsonia and fix Lachniella gracilis Wilson as its type. The different genera with designated types will thus stand as follows, at least until some definite ruling has been made changing the present ligitimate type of Lachnus. Genus Lachnus Burm.—Type Lachnus punctatus Burm. Genus Lachniella Del Guercio—Type Lachnus fasciatus Burm. Genus Wilsonia Baker—Type Lachniella gracilis Wilson. REFERENCES. 1835. Burmeister—Handbook Entom. II, p. 91. 1840. Westwood—Int. Mod. Class. Insects II, Synopsis, p. 118. 1863. Passerini—Aphididz Italice, p. 62. 1908. Mordwilko—Ann. Mus. Zool. de L’Acad. Imp. Sci., Vol. XIII. 1909. Del Guercio—Redia, Vol. 9, p. 286. 1910. Wilson—Ent. News, Vol. XXI, p. 147. 1911. Wilson—Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., Vol. IV, p. 54. 1919. Wilson—Can. Ent., Vol. LI, p. 18. NEW COLEOPTERA. VIII. BY H. C. FALL, TYNGSBORO, MASS. The receipt of a very distinct new species of Ochthebius from California which it is desirable to make known, affords the opportunity for recording one or two errors in the literature of this genus. Descriptions of a few other new species are added. All types are in the author's collection. , Ochthebius martini, sp. nov. Form very broad, aeneo-piceous, side margins of elytra explanate through- out and paler in colour. Labrum deeply triangularly emarginate. Prothorax one-third wider than long, widest at anterior third, sides arcuate in basal half, then suddenly deeply sinuate, nearly as in rectus (See Horn’s figure), transparent ~ border extending from apex to base, becoming very narrow in front of the middle, the sides strongly obliquely convergent from the point of maximum width, feebly arcuate to nearly straight basally; median line deep and entire; discal fovee rather small and not very conspicuous, well separated, the posterior narrow and about twice the length of the anterior; lateral impressions deep and subparallel sided; surface rather densely, coarsely, evenly punctate, distinctly alutaceous throughout between the punctures. Elytra not more than one- August, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 213 eighth longer than wide, strial punctures. moderately coarse, intervals feebly convex, wider than the stria on the disk, scarcely so at sides, finely transversely wrinkled. Legs pale, femora more distinctly punctate than usual. Length 2 mm.; width 1.2 mm. A good series of this very fine species was taken at Redwood Park, Cali- fornia, by my friend Mr. J. O..Martin, to whom it is a pleasure to dedicate the species. Of our previously described species, puncticollis alone possesses an equally broad form, but in it the thorax is much less conspicuously narrowed behind than in martini, and the surface is not alutaceous. The terminal joint of the maxillary palpus in the present species is unusually short, not, or only just perceptibly longer than wide, not narrowed apically, the tip broadly arcuato- truncate. In this respect it differs from every other species with which I have compared it, though most nearly approached by puncticollis. In this connection it may be remarked that the very unique marine Ochthebius lapidicolus, recently described by Van Dyke, has also aberrant maxillary palpi, the terminal joint very small, short and pointed. O. fossatus Lec. An examination of the type of this species described in 1855 from Ft. Yuma, Cal., shows that it is not the same as nitidus, with which it was united by LeConte, but is really identical with the closely allied tuber- culatus and foveicollis, described in 1878, the former from New Mexico, the latter from Florida. Horn correctly united tuberculatus and foveicollis in his revision of the genus in 1890, choosing to retain the latter name, although tuberculatus takes page precedence. Both these names, therefore, fall into synonymy, and fossatus must be restored to the List. O. nitidus Lec. This seems the proper place to say that the drawing of the thorax of this species, Fig. 7, in the plate accompanying Horn’s paper shows that the author must have had something entirely different in hand. The thorax in nitidus is closely similar to that shown of foveicollis, Fig. 2, differing only in the discal foveze being smaller and more widely separated. The textual description of the thorax harmonizes completely with the plate; in the de- scription of the elytra, however, special mention is made of the unusually smooth apex, which is the most characteristic feature of the true mitidus. Whether this latter character was taken from the specimen in hand or was merely trans- cribed from LeConte is now a question. Saprinus rugosifrons, sp. nov. (Horn’s Group IV). ~ Rather broadly oval, convex, polished black, the legs dark rufous. . Head rather densely substrigosely rugose, marginal stria feebly traceable at sides of the front. Prothorax distinctly less than twice as wide as long, punctures rather closely placed throughout, rather abruptly longitudinally strigose in about the lateral fifth, much finer toward the middle, with coarser punctures along the base, and a few in a vague longitudinal median impression, which is most evident basally. Elytra about one-third wider than long, sides broadly arcuate, more strongly so about the humeri, finely punctate basally, becoming gradually more densely and coarsely so at apex, where the interstitial surface is finely alutaceous. First dorsal stria attaining the apical fourth; second, third and fourth strie progressively slightly shorter, the fourth arcuately joining the sutural which is slightly abbreviated at apex; oblique humeral well impressed 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and almost attaining the internal subhumeral which parallels the posterior half of the first dorsal; external subhumeral entirely distinct from the marginal. Pygidia alutaceous, closely punctate, with a slight tendency toward substrigosity, especially at apex. Prosternum moderately convex at summit, striae long, parallel, abbreviated in front. First ventral plate concave at middle and with a small tubercle near its posterior margin; last ventral with a transverse flattened tumidity which is obtusely prominent at its lateral limits. Length (to elytral apex) 3.15 mm. Width 2.6 mm. Aweme, Manitoba. A single example sent by Mr. Norman Criddle. This species is to be placed near obscurus of Horn’s Group IV. It is at once separable from any described species of the group by its rugose front and strigose sides of the pronotum. The remarkable ventral modifications are without doubt sexual in nature. Saprinus castanipennis, sp. nov. (Horn’s Group IV). Broadly oblong-oval, black, elytra castaneous, legs rufous, surface polished throughout. Head finely, rather closely, punctate. Prothorax and elytra punctate over the entire surface, sparsely finely so medially, the punctures becoming much coarser and closer at the sides of the thorax where they are separated by less than their gwn diameters, also toward the elytral apex where they are of the same size as at the sides of the thorax, but separated on the average by their own diameters. Prothorax a little less than twice as wide as long, sides rather strongly convergent and straight in basal two-thirds. Elytral stric strong, rather feebly punctate, first attaining the apical fourth, second and third nearly as long, fourth nearly reaching the apical third, strongly arched at base and joining the entire sutural. Pygidia rather densely punctate. Pro- sternum moderately convex, the striae parallel and terminating about one-fourth from the apex. Anterior tibia multispinulose. Length 2.3 mm. to the elytral apex, 2.5 mm. over all; width 1.85 mm. Aweme, Manitoba, 21-VI-1918, (Criddle). Judging from the description this species. is nearest Casey’s laramiensis, which is, however, a much larger insect (3.-3.4 mm.) with darker legs and with the thoracic punctuation “‘only slightly closer laterally.” Saprinus iris, sp. nov. (Horn’s Group VIII). Not very broadly oval, polished areas with viridi-aeneo-cupreous lustre, the dull punctured areas bluish, legs dark rufo-piceous. Head smooth, a feeble transverse impressed line above the frontal margin. Prothorax nearly twice as wide as long, sides moderately converging and feebly arcuate, surface not densely strigoso-punctate at sides and in front, leaving a triangular discal polished impunctate area; side margins very narrowly smooth, base with the usual coarse marginal punctures. Elytra rather more than one-fourth wider than long; striz finely punctate, the first nearly as long as the elytra and curved = at its extremity, second three-fourths as long as the elytra, the third and fourth slightly passing the middle; fourth hooked at base, sutural interrupted widely at base in the type, feebly joining the fourth stria in a second specimen; oblique — humeral fine and nearly parallel with the first stria; internal subhumeral cccupy- F ing the middle third of the elytra, with basal appendix nearly joining it to the ~ oblique humeral; external subhumeral not distinct from the marginal; disk rather finely, not densely punctate in somewhat less than apical half, the punc- — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 215 ee ——— tured area finely alutaceous and dull, the impunctate area between the first and fourth striz also slightly dull owing to an extremely fine, scarcely visible ground sculpture; area between the fourth striz highly polished. Propygidium and pygidium evenly rather closely punctate, the punctures becoming gradually a little smaller toward the pygidial apex. Prosternal lines approximate, gradually convergent anteriorly, becoming subconfiuent and evanescent at about the anterior fourth. Length (to elytral apex) 2.1 mm.; width 1.75 mm. Described from two examples submitted by Mr. Norman Criddle, who took them at Aweme, Manitoba, V—31—1909 (type) and VII-1-1915. I thought on first sight that these might be small specimens of the rare seminitens of LeConte, to which they are certainly allied. On comparing them, however, with the unique type of the latter I find it to be not only much larger, but also a much more coarsely and densely sculptured species with brown bronze surface lustre (not at all bluish) external subhumeral stria distinct from the marginal, the fourth stria joining the sutural and strongly impressed all the way around. None of the more recently described species of Blatchley, Wolcott and Casey agree very closely with the present one. Telephorus neglectus, sp. nov. Very similar to cavolinus with which it is likely to be found mixed in most ccllections. It may easily be recognized by the following comparative charac- a te Nee 4 LCT Se Neglectus. — . Carolinus. Size smaller, averaging 8-9 mm. Size larger, averaging 9-10 mm. Antenne a little shorter, Antenne a little longer, joints 4-10 each, about three joints 4-10, about four times as long as wide. times as long as wide. Front, before the antenne, ' Front, before the antennz broadly infuscate. more narrowly infuscate at middle Prothorax more strongly Prothorax less strongly transverse. | transverse. Claws with a rather strong Claws “‘cleft’’; the basal but acute basal tooth. tooth long and narrow. The types (oc, 2), mounted on one pin, bear labels “‘Framingham, Mass., V-23-10, C. A. Frost and ‘‘Beating oak.’’ Other specimens before me are from Sherborn, Hopkinton and Tyngsboro, Mass., and Berkely, R.I. I am indebted to Mr. Frost for calling my attention to the difference in the claws, which led him to separate his carolinus material into two species. The two species are about equally common in Eastern Massachusetts, and it would be interesting to know how widely meglectus is dispersed beyond the type region. The form with cleft claws, which is doubtless the true carolinus, is quite widely diffused, the material in my own cabinet ranging from New England to Nebraska and North Carolina. 216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Pedilus parvicollis, sp. nov. Very elongate; black; prothorax, labrum and front coxz rufotestaceous; palpi dusky testaceous; legs varying from brown to piceous, the tarsi paler. Head rather small, tempora wanting, eyes large, separated by a distance equal to their own width as viewed from the front; front closely punctate, vertex and occiput sparsely so. Antenne (0) strongly flabellate; joint 1 of the usual form, 2 very short, transverse, 3 equal to 1 and 2 united and with a branch slightly shorter than its own length, 4-10 shorter, the outer ones with branches about four times their own length, 11 about as long as the branch of the preceding joint. Prothorax of same width as the head, sides strongly rounded before the middle, oblique and nearly straight posteriorly, surface polished and rather finely sparsely punctate. Elytra nearly parallel, nearly twice as wide and six times as long as the prothorax, less finely and more closely punctate than the latter. Pubescence fine and sparse. Body beneath shining, finely punctate, last ventral segment very broadly obtusely rounded posteriorly. Claws with a small obtuse basal angulation. Length 6 to 7 mm. Habitat.—California Sierras. : Described from four males, two of which, including the type, were taken by Mr. G. R. Rilate at Monache Meadows, Tulare Co., 8,000 to 8,300 feet.; the other two by Mr. Hopping at Round Meadow in the Giant Forest region. This species can only be compared with P. flabellata, with which alone it agrees in the flabellate male antennz and in the form of the thorax. In flabellata, how- ever, the antennal rami begin on the fourth joint, the third being small and similar to the second, and the prothorax is relatively larger with the sides less strongly rounded than in the present species. The absence of tempora, and the head and thorax of equal width distinguishes parvicollis from every other species of our fauna. GIFT TO THE LIBRARY The Rev. Dr. Fvles, of Ottawa, a Life-member and former President ot the Entomological Society of Ontario, has most generously presented to the Library a remarkable original work, ‘‘as a token of his appreciation of the great pleasure and profit his connection with the Society has afforded him.” It is a large folio volume, handsomely bound in leather and entitled, ‘‘Illustrations in Natural History.’’ It contains 107 water-colour drawings, chiefly of insects but including a few depicting flowers, birds, reptiles and other animals. The pictures were originally prepared to illustrate popular lectures, and are accord- ingly of large size and strikingly coloured in order to be visible to the whole of a numerous audience. Manv of them were exhibited for this purpose at the annual meetings of the Entomological Society. The volume is a highly-prized addition to our Library, and will serve as a lasting record of the author’s artistic skill and devotion to nature in all its aspects. To many also it will bring back memories of delightful addresses by the now venerable author. — C. J. 5S. BETHUNE, Librarian. . Mailed September 2nd, 1919. Che Canadian Cntomalanist VoL. LI. LONDON, OCTOBER, 1919. No. 8 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. COLLECTING TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS IN BARBADOS AND ANTIGUA, BRITISH WEstT INDIES. BY DAYTON STONER, IOWA CITY, IOWA. (Continued from p. 178.) Pa ANTIGUA. The island of Antigua is situated in latitude 17° 6’ N., and is the principal island of the Leeward group of which it is the political capital. It is roughly oval in outline, twenty-four miles long by about fifteen broad, with an area of 108 square miles and a population of about 36,000. The central part of the island is low and flat and the soil more or less clayey; the southern and south- western parts, in the vicinity of English Harbour, where a large share of the collecting was done, are volcanic and mountainous and covered, in many places, with dense forests. The greatest elevation is about 1,500 feet. To the north and northeast the soil is composed of calcareous marls and coarse sandstones. Extended periods of drought often visit the island, and the average annual rainfall is a little less than fifty inches. Asa result of the nature of the soil and the protracted dry periods the uncultivated vegetation is largely of a xerophytic nature. However, the soil where it can be worked at all is fertile and retains well the small amount of moisture. Sugar is the principal industry although corn, yams and pineapples are cultivated on a small scale. Antigua is not under so high a state of cultivation as is Barbados; neither is itso thickly populated as that island; natural enemies of insects .are not numerous—all these conditions make for a more abundant and varied insect fauna than we found at Barbados. The majority of native Antiguans living in the rural districts and small villages are extremely poor, but they are neither so inquisitive nor so insistent on offering their services in collecting specimens as are the Barbadian negroes. This was a great relief to us, and much less trying on our temper and vocabulary. While the Imperial Department of Agriculture maintains some of its activi- ties on Antigua there is at present no resident entomologist, and we came upon none of the inhabitants of the island who were particularly interested in ento- mology as a science. Of the lower forms of terrestrial Arthropods, scorpions and tarantulas, as well as other forms of Arachnids, are abundant. In low-wooded areas, under dried leaves, we found considerable numbers of a large brachypterous cock- roach, but in reaching out to seize these agile fellows it was necessary for the collector to look sharply in order to make sure that a scorpion or two did not lurk close enough to be dangerous. Centipedes are not uncommon in moist places. In addition to the large cockroach above mentioned, two other forms, Periplaneta australasie and P. americana are also very common. A greater 217 218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST variety of both Acridiids and Locustids was secured here than at Barbados, the large Schistocerca pallens being among the former. The Phasmid Bostra maxwelli is very common in some portions of the wooded districts. There are few fresh-water streams and ponds on Antigua. However, one of these ponds, situated about three-fourths of a mile from the Dockyards at English Harbour, was made the object of a rather intensive study. Among the more interesting forms of insect life found here is the mole cricket (Gryllotalpa sp.) which we had not discovered at Barbados. The mud shores of the little pond in some places were literally undermined by the tunnels of these peculiar insects. Other groups represented in the pond were Gerrids, Notonectids, Hydro- batids, Belostomids, Hydrophilids and Dytiscids, dragon-fly and damsel-fly larve and adults, various species of dipterous larve—in fact, the place was found to be a veritable storehouse of interesting entomological material. Of course, such ponds offer excellent breeding places for mosquitoes, and we found great numbers of both larve and pupe. Needless to say, mosquito nets are a part of the furnishings of every well-ordered house on the island. The low, grassy lands towards the centre of the island furnish a great variety of insects, particularly in Hemiptera and Orthoptera, and collecting with a sweep net was very productive of results in such situations. At the south end of the island, where most of our collecting was done, many localities are heavily wooded. Small cultivated and semi-cultivated places on both high and low lands offer excellent collecting grounds. In many places highly xerophytic conditions prevail, particularly on the hills in the in the vicinity of English Harbour. Here the soil is very thin, although it is able to support many harsh and spiny plants. On the mud flats near the harbour at the foot of the hills are to be found great numbers of the elusive tiger-beetle Cicindela trifasciata var. tortuosa. The same white form (C. suturalis var. hebrea) that we found at Barbados was also discovered on the sand beaches at Half Moon Bay. In walking through the wooded districts about Antigua the newcomer is at first struck by the great number of what appear to be climbing vines on the trees. Upon closer examination it is discovered that these ‘‘vines’’ are really the covered galleries through which the termites travel from place to place. These tunnels are everywhere, winding about over the trunks and branches of the trees, and usually terminate in a nest of some size either on the ground or in the trees themselves. The termites are usually sightless, and, being averse to the light, construct tunnels when it becomes necessary to cross an open surface. Both the nests and tunnels are made of pellets of chewed wood fastened together with sticky saliva secreted by the insects, and turn grayish after short exposure to the elements. When thoroughly dry the nests are very tough and resistant, being of about the consistency of hard rubber. The gal- leries are much more fragile A most interesting and, to the writer, unusual place in which to find insects is in the great epiphytes or air plants locally known as wild pineapples which grow, sometimes in great numbers, on the manchimeel and other trees in the wooded districts. Upon carefully removing one of these “‘pines” from the tree to which it is ordinarily loosely attached and turning it upside down, the co lector is often well repaid for his efforts. Spiders, scorpions, beetles and cock- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 219 roaches are sure to be found. The large leaves of this plant form a receptacle for water, and it is not an uncommon occurrence to find mosquitoes, both larve and adults, in such situations. Among the commonest insects on Antigua are cotton-stainers (Dysdercus spp.) of which two or three forms occur on the island. Adults were found in copula in late June and early July at which times also nymphs in all stages of development were taken, particularly along the edges of cultivated fields and on low grasses in open places near woods. By preference these bugs feed on the bolls, seeds, leaves and tender shoots of the cotton plants, but when cotton is lacking they will feed upon other related plants. In addition to lessening the vitality of the plant by extracting the juices, cotton-stainers have been found to transmit a fungous disease which has become serious in some of the islands of the West Indies. Indeed, these pests are responsible, in large measure, for the almost complete abandonment of the cotton-growing industry in Antigua. The name stainer arises from the fact that the cotton lint is discoloured by the excrement of the insects and by the fungous disease which gains entrance through the punctures as well as by the crushing of the insects themselves in the gins. Other kinds of Hemiptera, both Homoptera and Heteroptera, were taken in great numbers from the grasses and bushes in the cultivated and partly cleared areas all over the island. In fact, the hemipterous fauna exceeded that of any other group of insects, both in variety and abundance. One of the principal families of Heteroptera represented is the Pentatomide, of which more than fifteen species were taken. Of these, Solubea pugnax, Piezodorus guildinti and FEuschistus crenator are perhaps most generally abundant. In favourable localities Mormidea vosilon is often abundant on Solanaceew. Open fields in the central flats yielded great numbers of Thyanta antiguensis, and on the low grass within the crumbling walls of Fort Barclay the peculiar Mecidea longula was extremely abundant. A colony of the beautiful steel blue and red Vulsirea nigrorubra was found on a small tree along a trail leading through the woods. The cleared spaces in and near the woods offer good collecting grounds for butterflies. On ascending Monks Hill from the south side by one of the numerous trails great numbers of gaily coloured Hesperids, Nymphalids and Lycaenids are to be found in the neighbourhood of the little truck patches. In the low cultivated fields along the hills great numbers of larve and adults of the boll-worm (Heliothis sp.) and the cutworm (Prodenia spp.) were found, and some injury was being done to various plants, including corn and sweet potatoes. In such places also the familiar Chrysopa larve and adults are very common. Small Chrysomelids are not uncommon, Homopheta aequinoctialis and Chaetocnema sp. being among them. Very often moths of different kinds were attracted by the lights in our quarters at night, the mest notable of these being several forms cf Proloparce and a specimen or two of the interesting noctuid, the black witch (Erebus odora). With such a variety of habitats and faunas represented, collecting was indeed a pleasure, and many localities still remained to be investigated at the expiration of our allotted time upon this interesting tropical island. Although one often associates large, striking or bizarre forms of insect life with tropical countries, particularly with tropical islands,such forms are, with few exceptions, lacking on both Barbados and Antigua. 220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A great mass of material was secured, and as soon as it is put into proper shape for examination will be submitted to specialists for detailed study and report. As might be expected, the Antiguan material is much in excess of that secured at Barbados. FOUR NEW AFRICAN MEMBRACIDA.* BY W. D. FUNKHOUSER, LEXINGTON, KY. 1. Anchon gunni, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 and 2). Near A. nodicornis Germar but lacking the anterior tooth on the angle of the posterior process, and differing in the markings of the pronotum and tegmina. Slender, black, punctate, sparingly pubescent; densely white tomentose behind suprahumeral horns and on sides of thorax; suprahumeral horns long, broadly foliaceous at tips which are strongly decurved and sharply pointed; posterior process strongly angular at base, depressed at centre, tip just reaching apex of abdomen; scutellum about as long as broad, strongly bidentate at tip; tegmina smoky-hyaline with ferruginous margins; legs and under surface of body brown, tarsi flavous. Head broader than long, finely punctate, rather densely pubescent with white hairs; base strongly convex, slightly sinuate; eyes prominent, gray-black; ocelli large but not conspicuous, sordid gray, about equidistant from each other and from the eyes and situated about on an imaginary line drawn through centres of eyes; inferior margin of gene strongly sinuate; clypeus twice as long as wide, black, punctate, pubescent, extending for more than half its length below inferior margins of gene, tip rounded and weakly pilose. Pronotum black, finely punctate, rather sparingly pubescent with white or silvery hairs; metopidium perpendicular, somewhat convex, about as broad as high, narrowest at bases of horns; humeral angles very prominent, triangular, acute; median carina strongly percurrent; suprahumeral horns long, narrow at base but broadly foliaceous at tip, practically contiguous at bases, extending upward and outward, the tips flattened, triangular, sharp, and suddenly bent outward and backward; posterior process rising well above scutellum, then bent sharply backward, sloping downward to meet internal angles of tegmina and then following margins of tegmina to a point about as far caudad as the end of the abdomen, tip very sharp and slightly decurved; scutellum about as long as broad, black, punctate, gradually narrowed towards the apex which is strongly bidentate; a dense linear patch of white tomentose pubescence extends backward from the posterior base of each suprahumeral horn over the pro- notum and on to the base of the scutellum. Tegmina long, narrow, smoky-hyaline, much wrinkled; base narrowly brown, punctate and pubescent, internal apical margin tinged with ferruginous; tips pointed; costal margin not marked with brown; five apical and two dis- coidal cells. Hind wings with three apical cells. Under surface of body dark brown; sides of mesothorax and metathorax densely white tomentose; hind trochanters not armed with spines; femora and tibiz brown, tarsi flavous; claws brown. ~ *Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Kentucky. October, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 2Ar = Length including tegmina 7 mm.; width between tips of suprahumeral horns 5.8 mm. Type.—Female. Locality.—Pretoria, South Africa. Described from a specimen collected by Mr. David Gunn on January 8, 1915. Type in author’s collection. I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Mr. Gunn, who has so kindly furnished me with a large number of interest- ing species of Membracide from South Africa. The genus Anchon is apparently well represented in South Africa. Mr. Gunn has sent me specimens of A. senegalensis Fairm., collected at the same locality and at the same time as the above. 2. Anchonoides minutus, sp. nov. (Figs. 3 and 4). Small, black, punctate, densely pubescent; suprahumeral horns short and very thick; posterior process raised above scutellum, strongly sinuate but not angulate, extending beyond internal angles of tegmina but not reaching apex of abdomen; scutellum entirely exposed, longer than broad, bidentate; tegmina smoky-hyaline faintly tinged with ferruginous, base brown; under surface of body black; legs dark brown with tibiae somewhat ferruginous and tarsi flavous. Head wider than long, black, finely punctate, densely pubescent; much swollen in front; base convex and sinuate; eyes large, prominent, brown; ocelli small, pearly, conspicuous, somewhat protruding, about equidistant from each other and from the eyes and situated about on a line drawn through centres of eyes; inferior margins of gene sinuate, lobed at margins of clypeus; clypeus longer than wide, extending for half its length below inferior margins of gene. Prothorax very dark brown in front, black behind, finely punctate, very densely pubescent with silvery hairs; metopidium higher than wide, narrowest at base of suprahumeral horns, brown on upper two-thirds, black just above head, very roughly sculptured, swollen along central line; median carina per- current; humeral angles large, prominent, triangular, acute; suprahumeral horns very thick, heavy, short, roughly quadricarinate, extending almost directly out- ward, about as long as the distance between their bases, tips sharp and decurved; posterior process long, very slender, strongly sinuate, smooth, tricarinate, base raised high above scutellum, tip sharp and decurved, extending beyond internal angles of tegmina but not reaching apex of abdomen; scutellum entirely exposed, a little longer than wide, brown, punctate, densely pubescent, gradually narrowed toward tip which is strongly bidentate; a linear white tomentose patch extending backward over the pronotum from the base of each suprahumeral horn and covering external basal angle of scutellum. Tegmina smoky-hyaline, wrinkled; a ferruginous spot at internal angle, another at distal end of basal costal cell and a faint fascia at apical margin; base brown, coriaceous and punctate; tip rounded; veins strong, ferruginous, marked with brown in central areas; four apical cells. Hind wings with three apical cells. Under surface of body black; sides of thorax densely pubescent; margins of abdominal segments ferruginous; coxz, trochanters and femora dark brown, tibize ferruginous and minutely spined, tarsi flavous. Length including tegmina 5 mm.; width between tips of suprahumeral horns 3 mm. 222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Type.—Female. Locality.—Pretoria, South Africa. Described from a specimen collected by Mr. David Gunn on Nov. 3, 1914. Type in author’s collection. 3. Otinotus pilosus, sp. nov. (Figs. 5 and 6). Large, brown, very densely pilose; suprahumeral horns short, heavy, blunt, extending outward and upward and no longer than the distance between their bases; posterior process long, slender, sinuate, impinging on tegmina and extending toa point about half-way between internal angles and apices of teg- mina; tegmina hyaline, wrinkled, base narrowly brown; legs and under surface of body uniformly brown. Head twice as wide as long, subquadrate, dark brown, finely punctate and densely pubescent; base sinuately convex; eyes large, prominent, brown; ocelli large, prominent, glassy, transparent, considerably nearer to each other than to the eyes, and situated about on a line drawn through centres of eves; inferior margins of genz rounded; clypeus nearly three times as long as wide, extending for three fourths its length below inferior margins of the gene, margin adjoining gene angulate, tip brcadly rounded. Pronotum dark brown, finely punctate, densely pilose with yellowish hairs; metopidium about as broad as high, nearly perpendicular above the head, slightly convex; median carina distinctly percurrent; humeral angles very large, prominent, triangular, blunt, extending almost as far lateral as the suprahumeral horns above them, suprahumeral horns short, heavy, blunt, somewhat com- pressed dorso-ventrally, strongly tricarinate, extending outward and slightly upward, tips as seen from above roughly truncate; scutellum well'exposed on each side, apex yellow, smooth and bidentate, base ferruginous, punctate and densely pilose; posterior process long, slender, sinuate, tricarinate, impinging on tegmina, base not elevated above scutellum, tip acuminate, decurved and black, extending to a point about half-way between internal angle and apex of tegmen but not reaching extremity of abdomen. Tegmina hyaline, wrinkled; base narrowly brown, coriaceous and punctate; tip pointed; five apical cells. Hind wings with four apical cells. Legs and under surface of body uniformly dark ferrguinous brown; sides of thorax densely white tomentose; tibiae closely pilose with long, white, bristly hairs. Length including tegmina 9 mm.; width between tips of suprahumeral horns 4.7 mm. Type.—Female. Locahity.—Dutch East Africa. Type in author’s collection. This species is apparently close to O. nigrorufus Distant, but differs in colour, in the markings cf the tegmina and in the structure of the base of the posterior process. 4. Otinotus arcuatus, sp. nov. (Figs. 7 and 8). Large, robust, ferruginous-brown; suprahumeral horns short, pyramidal, sharply angular, extending outward and upward and about as long as the dis- tance between their bases; posterior process long, heavy, strongly arcuate, the XIX. NEW AFRICAN MEMBRACIDAE. 224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST base slightly raised above the scutellum, tip sharp and extending to a point about midway between internal angles and tips of tegmina; tegmina sordid hyaline, wrinkled, base brown and punctate; legs and under surface of body ferruginous- brown. Head twice as broad as long, bright reddish brown mottled with black, roughly sculptured, sparingly punctate, sparsely pubescent with silvery hairs; base regularly rounded; eyes large,prominent, dark brown; ocelli large, reddish, somewhat protruded, conspicuous, much nearer to each other than to the eyes and situated about on a line drawn through centres of eyes; inferior margins of gene nearly straight, sloping downward; clypeus nearly three times as long as wide, lobed at angles of gene, extending for three-fourths its length below margins of gene, tip swollen and subtruncate. Pronotum reddish brown, finely and closely punctate, sparingly pubescent with whitish hairs; metopidium broader than high, swollen in centre, perpen- dicular above the head, a large irregular callosity above internal angle of each eye; median carina strongly percurrent; humeral angles large, prominent, triangular, blunt; suprahumeral horns short, straight, heavy, strongly tri- carinate, acute, extending outward and upward, about as long as the distance between their bases; scutellum broadly exposed on each side, brown, punctate, pubescent, gradually narrowed to apex which is smooth, white and bidentate; posterior process long, heavy, strongly arcuate, tricarinate, the base slightly upraised above scutellum, the tip acuminate and extending to a point about midway between internal angles and apices of tegmina, but not nearly reaching extremity of abdomen. Tegmina hyaline, wrinkled; base brown, coriaceous and punctate; veins prominent and brown; no maculations; five apical cells. Hind wings with four apical cells. Legs and under surface of body uniformly ferruginous-brown; sides of thorax densely white pubescent. Length including tegmina 8 mm.; width between tips of suprahumeral horns 5.8 mm. Type.—Female. Locality —Pretoria, South Africa. Described from two females collected by Mr. David Gunn on January 11, 1915. Type and paratype in author’s collection. The South African species of the genus Ofinotus bear a strong superficial resemblance to the old genus Centrotus (Fabr.), but may be at once separated from the genus by the difference in the number of apical cells of the hind wings. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIX. Fig. 1. Lateral outline of Anchon gunn, sp. nov. 2. Frontal outline of Anchon gunnt, sp. nov. 3. Lateral outline of Anchonoides minutus, sp. nov. 4. Frontal outline of Anchonoides minutus, sp. nov. 5. Lateral outline of Otinotus pilosus, sp. nov. 6. Frontal outline of Otinotus pilosus, sp. nov. 7. Lateral outline of Otcnotus arcuatus, sp. nov. 8. Frontal outline of Otinotus arcuatus, sp. nov. Ce THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 225 ———— ee ee REPORT ON A SECOND COLLECTION “OF NOVA SCOTIAN EUPTERYGID LEAF-HOPPERS, INCLUDING DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW VARIETIES. BY W. L. MCATEE, WASHINGTON, D.C. Like a previous collection* sent to the writer by Professor W. H. Brittain, Provincial Entomologist of Nova Scotia, the present is reported upon in print, because it contains undescribed forms. All specimens are in the collection of the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture. List OF SPECIES. Alebra albostriella var. fulveola Herrich-Schaffer.—Digby Co., N. S., Aug. 14, 1918. Empoasca atrolabes Gillette.—Digby Co., N.S., Aug. 3, 1918. : obiusa Walsh. “ * es aphates ae Tee - pergandei Gillette.— “ . “ ag eae. Se : unicolor 5 . ae 4c ae ae ae if Typhlocyba querci Fitch. This is a robust Typhlocyba, measuring up to 5 mm. in length. The length of vertex in proportion to width of space between inner margins of eyes (synth- lipsis) is as 7-8: 14-16. The ground colour usually is pale yellow. The colour varieties including those hereafter described may be separated by the following key: A. Elytral markings in the form of small dusky spots. B. With spots only in apices of the discal cells of SLOPE FS RS SEs eat ara var. querct Fitch. BB. With three pairs of spots along the commissural CET BIS Wi a aaa var. 6-notata Van Duzee. AA. Elytral markings in the form of cross-bands or lengthwise vitte. C. The most conspicuous markings are cross-bands. D. Anterior cross-band narrow, directed backward-on the sides. (var. bifasciata Gillette and Baker MORALE) is Wes ee oe a var. gillettex Van Duzee. DD. Anterior cross-band broad, directed forward on the HSi See ee var. volans, n. var. CC. The most conspicuous markings are lengthwise. E. Clavus except extremities and adjacent corium dusky; no Pesretioe cLoss-bane. 21-60 iis te. hl ae var. grata, n. var. EE. Elytron with a lengthwise streak connecting anterior and posterior cross-bands...... Ap ee var. Scripta, n. var. In the present collection are represented: Typhlocyba querct var. querci Fitch.—Digby Co., N.S., Aug. 3, 1918. Typhlocyba querci var. gillettei Van Duzee.—Digby Co., N.S., Aug. 8, 1918: Victoria, B.C. July 17, 1918. Typhlocyba querci var. volans, new variety. With two dusky cross-bands, much broader than in variety gillettei Van Duzee, the posterior over the cross-veins, the anterior over middle of clavi, sloping forward on the corium parallel to anterior edge of elytron. In var. *See Can. Ent., Vol. L, No. 11, 1918, pp. 369-361. October, 1919 226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST gillettet this band is narrower, nearer apices of clavi and slopes obliquely back- ward, not forward. One 2 specimen, Digby Co., N.S., Aug. 18, 1918. Typhlocyba querci var. grata, new variety. Scutellum dusky; elytra with a large dusky saddle-spot, occupying most of the clavi, and a portion of each adjoining corium; no posterior band or clouding. One @ specimen, Digby Co., N.S., Aug. 14, 1918. Typhlocyba querci var. scripta, new variety. Scutellum chiefly dusky; elytra with dusky bands at middle and on cross- veins, as in var. gillettei, apical cells smoky, and with a longitudinal dusky stripe on clavus and overlying claval suture connected with band over cross-veins. These markings leave the margin anteriorly and the tip posteriorly, of the clavus, of the ground colour. One @ specimen, Digby Co., N.S., Sept. 5, 1918. Typhlocyba rose Linneus.—Digby Co., N.S., Aug. 3, 5, 8, 13, 15, 1918; Truro, N.S., July 24, 1918; Royal Oak, B.C., Sept. 29, 1917. Erythroneura obliqua Say.—Acaciaville, N.S., May 16, 17, 1917. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOUR CATOCALA LARV. BY R. R. ROWLEY, LOUISIANA, MO. Among a number of mature Catocala larve, taken under the bark of hickory trees in the early part of last summer, a dozen or more proved of unusual in- terest, one a lachrymosa, previously undescribed, another a typical obscura, a third and fourth showing the slight differences between the closely related species retecta and flebilis, while still ancther gave judith, but the description was misplaced. Other larve were of angust and its variety lucetta, hardly distinguishable from habilis. Of six angust moths, five were var. lucetta, only one being a typical angusi; a like ratio existing in the woods here between the variety and present form. The species, however, is usually rare. Catocala flebilis—Mature larva 21% inches long, leaden gray with lighter tubercles. The mid-dorsal band lighter than the general body colour, con- stricted at the segment edges, forming a series of spots of chain-link appearance. . The spots on the first, second and fifth abdominal segments bordered by a black encircling line (on three sides). A dark cross-band covers the back half of the fifth abdominal segment. A black-cross line behind the eighth abdominal seg- ment. The sublateral line or narrow band is dark or quite black above the spiracles. True and pro-legs general body colour. The lateral line of sete composed of so few and short bristles as to be hardly noticeable. Head gray, round, with short lateral mouth dash of black. Ventral colour soiled white with faint red blotches about the row of mid- ventral black spots. Larva taken under bark of Carya alba (shag-bark hickory). Cocooned June 15th, and gave imago July 20th. Catocala retecta.—Mature larva 2'/ inches long, dark leaden brown. A mid-dorsal longitudinal ‘‘chain link’’ like narrow band, a little lighter than the general body colour. Still narrower bands of darker hue bound the mid-dorsal band and, beginning with the second abdominal segment, these bounding bands October, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Re are very dark brown, almost black, for three or four segments. No dorsal hump. Lateral sete very short. Head rounded, mottled gray and brown with a short, lateral black dash. Tubercles whitish. Ventral surface pale with greenish tinge except mid-ventrally where the black spots are set in pink patches, A wavy, longitudinal line or narrow band along the line of lateral sete is dark or quite black. Taken under the bark of Carya alba (shag-bark hickory). Spun cocoon June 11th, and gave imago July 15th. Catocala lachrymosa.—Full-grown larva 2!/ inches long, very dark brown with a lighter cross-band (irregular) over the first abdominal segment, and a less pronounced one behind the fourth pair of pro-legs. No dorsal hump. Head light gray mottled with darker markings. True and pro-legs dark. Tubercles very dark reddish brown. Lateral fringe of rather long bristles. Head round and full. Ventral surface pinkish, with the characteristic black spots. Larva taken under the bark of Carya alba (shag-bark hickory). Began spinning cocoon June 29th, and gave imago August 2nd. Catocala obscura.—Larva 2)/2 inches long, leaden gray. with only dash lines No hump, no lateral row of setae. Head round and streaked as in other hickory larve. Tubercles pale yellow or quite white, giving the body a speckled ap- pearance. Ventral side of body white with tinge of green. Central row of black spots. Larva taken in hickory bark but fed through to maturity on pecan (Carya oliveformis). Larva cocooned July 8th, and gave moth August 7th. The imago has white fringe on back wing. THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. The Fifty-sixth Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at Ottawa, Ont., on Thursday and Friday, the 6th and 7th of November. All the sessions will be held in the Carnegie Library, (Metcalfe Street). On the evening of November 7th the members and visitors will be the guests of the Officers of the Entomological Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, at a smoker, the place of meeting to be announced later. Members or visitors having papers which they wish to present will please send the title of the same to the Local Secretary not later than October 18th, and state time required for presentation. It is requested that no paper exceed 20 minutes in length. If a lantern is required this fact should also be Stated. L. Caesar, President, O.A.C., Guelph; A. W. Baker, Secretary, O.A.C., Guelph; Arthur Gibson, Local Secretary, Entomological Branch, Dept. Agric., Ottawa. Charles W. Leng, Secretary of the New York Entomological Society and Research Associate in the American Museum of Natural History, has been ap- pointed Director of the Museum of the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences. Mr. Leng has been interested in the natural history of Staten Island, where he was born and lives, since boyhood. Entomologists and other natural- ists, visiting New York City, can reach the Museum of the Institute by a pleasant half hour’s sail across the bay on the Staten Island ferry, and thus inspect the collections in all orders that have been accumulated. 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ———. eee MISCELLANEOUS APHID NOTES: 1. BY JOHN J. DAVIS, WEST LAFAYETTE, INDIANA. Heteroneura, new genus. Erected for the species A phis setarie Thomas, which is herewith designated the type. The genus may be characterized as a typical Aphis excepting the venation of the hind wings which have but a single cross-vein (Fig. 26). The filament of antennal segment VI is quite long, being 6 to 8 times the length of the base of this segment. Heteroneura is analogous to Carolinaia in the venation of the hind wing and bears the same relation to the genus A phis as Carolinaia bears to the genus Rhopalosiphum (Siphocoryne). The late Theo. Pergande recognized this as a distinct genus, and used the name here adopted on his slides of sefarie. Fig. 26.—Heleroneura selariz Thos. Hind wing. Aphis scotti Sand.t is a synonym of setarie. The description of Aphis prunicoleus Ashm.? is a clear characterization of this species and should be listed asasynonym. Aphis bituberculata Wilson ** is also a synonym of selari@ as determined by a comparison of the types by Wilson. The writer’s collection contains sefarie from Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, New York, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas and Wisconsin and our host records include, in addition to the reported hosts, the following: corn, sugar cane, Eragrostis sp., Sorghastrum nutans, Pani- cum capillare, Paspalum dilatatum, and Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon). Aphis heraclella, n. n. This new name is offered for Aphis heraclit Cowen, preoccupied by A phis heraclet Koch. Aphis rociadz Ckll. What is considered the same as Cockerell’s Aphis rociade* was found abundant on the flower stalks of Delphinium tricorne at Lafayette, Indiana, May 9, 19138. The original description included only the apterous female, but certain characters are so unusual and prominent there appears to be little question as to the identity of our species. Winged viviparous female: Head, thorax and abdomen very dark brown, apparently black. At base of each cornicle brownish. In some specimens the abdomen is distinctly shining dark brown. Antenne and eyes black. Legs pale brownish, blackish at apices of femora and tibiz, and tarsi black. Cornicles moderately dark brown. Wing veins black. 1.- Bull>Ga. St. Bd? Ent., No: 17,-p.995. Oct, 1905: 2. Pacific Rural Press, Vol. 22, No. 1, p. 8, July 2, 1881. 2a. Ent. News, Vol. 25, No. 7, p. 298, 1 pl., July, 1914. 3. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. 29, p. 115, 1908. I have since had an opportunity to identify gee species with certainty by comparing with the type, kindly loaned by A. C. Baker. October, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 229 Antenne reaching to or beyond tip of abdomen; segment III with 4 to 8, usually 5, round sensoria, and segments V and VI with the usual ones; filament of VI quite long, being more than half longer than III and seven times the length of VI base (fig. 2a). Beak reaching almost to coxe of third pair of legs. Cornicles (fig. 2b) of moderate length, being approximately half the length of antennal segment III, cylindrical, and flaring at the tip. ‘Cauda (fig. 2c) broadly rounded and scarcely visible. Wing veins dark brown, the second branch of discoidal branching about !/2 the distance from tip to where first branches, Fig. 27.—A phis rociade Ckll. A, antenna; B, cornicle; and C, cauda, of winged viviparous female. Wingless viviparous female: Entire body very dark shining brown, ap- parently black, excepting posterior end of abdomen which is of a slightly lighter brown. Antenne apparently black excepting segment III, which is brownish. Legs as in winged female. Cornicles pale brown and black at tip. Cauda not apparent. The antenne similar to those of the winged female, except that they lack sensoria on segment III. Cornicles moderately short and cauda not exposed, but visible as a broadly rounded organ through the transparent body wall when mounted in balsam. Since writing the above I have received from J. R. Parker sexes of what I believe may be this species, collected in Montana on larkspur. The males are winged and the noticeable differences from the winged viviparous female are as follows: Antennal segment VI, filament longer than III, but not one-half longer; segment III with 60 or 70 small, somewhat tuberculate sensoria, irregu- larly placed; IV with 12 or 15, and V with 10 similar sensoria; cornicles less prominent, being paler and less conspicuously shaped. The apterous oviparous female differs from the apterous viviparous as follows: Antennal segment VI filament, longer than III but not one-half longer; segment III with 15 to 20 small sensoria, irregularly placed on basal two-thirds; antennal hairs longer; cornicles as in male; and basal third of hind tibia swollen and bearing numbers of small inconspicuous sensoria. Aphis cuscute, n. sp. This typical aphis which appears to be undescribed, was collected by P. H. Timberlake at Kaysville, Utah, on dodder (Cuscuta epithymum) growing on alfalfa. Live specimens were received from Timberlake Oct. 21 and Nov. 10, 1914, from which the following descriptions are made. It might be noted here that from this live material we reared (Lysiphlebus) Aphidius testacetpes Cress. (Gahan det.) and a syrphid (Syrphus opinator O.S., Aldrich det.). 230 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Winged viviparous female: Head and thorax black, abdomen pale green with three dusky spots on each side anterior to the cornicles and one at the base of the cornicles, an impressed dusky dot on each side of each segment, a brighter green transverse area on each side of the dorsal median line of the segments anterior to the cornicles, a small dusky spot on the dorsal median line of the cornicle-bearing segment, and a similar transverse dusky to blackish marking on the penultimate and last abdominal segments. Antenne black. Eyes dark reddish brown. Beak black at tips. Legs with femora pale dusky to blackish at tips, tibia brown to blackish at tips and tarsi black. Cornicles, cauda, and anal plate black. oS B Fig. 28.—A phis cuscutz, n.sp. A, antenna; B. cornicle, of winged viviparous female; C, cornicle of wingless viviparous female. Antenne reaching about to base of cornicles, segments III and filament of IV subequal, the former being slightly the longer, III subequal in length to IV and V combined, segment III with about 40 to 50 circular, slightly tuberculate sensoria scattered irregularly over the surface, and the usual sensoria at distal end of segment V and VI base (fig. 3a). Beak not quite reaching to coxe of the middle pair of legs. Wings normal, veins narrow, and blackish, the branch- ing of the third discoidal nearer the tip than point where second branches. ° Cornicles moderately long and reaching just a little beyond tip of body in live specimens (fig. 3b). Cauda typical of the genus, being slender, conical and constricted near the middle. The prothorax with a tubercle which is hidden by the mesothorax in mounted specimens; also a rather prominent tubercle on each side of the first abdominal segment. Measurements: (Averages) Length of antennal segments III, 0.508; IV, 0.238; V, 0.228; VI, base, 0.122; VI, filament, 0.405 mm.; cornicles 0.379 mm.; cauda, 0.151 mm. Pupa: Head dusky, thorax pale yellowish green and abdomen marked as in apterous form, but lacking the black markings and bearing a row of rather conspicuous pulverulent spots on each side of the median dorsal line, and the entire body covered with a fine inconspicuous pulverulence. Antennz dusky to blackish, excepting segment III and base of IV, which are whitish. Eyes dark reddish brown, almost black.. Beak not quite reaching coxe of middle pair of legs. Wing-pads blackish at tips. -Legs whitish, the tips of tibia and femur and all of the tarsi blackish. Cornicles black and not quite reaching to tip of cauda. Cauda pale with an almost imperceptible duskiness. Wingless viviparous female: General colour pale green (Smith colour key) and entire body covered with a very thin pulverulence. Head and prothoracic segment dusky to blackish, second thoracic segment dusky on either side of dorsum and a fainter dusky area connecting the two. Abdominal segments THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 231 anterior to cornicles with an impressed dusky dot on each side and a brighter green transverse marking on each side of dorsal median line; also marked with a black dot at base of each cornicle and a transverse dusky band on the dorsum of last abdominal segment. Antenne black excepting basal two-thirds of III which is whitish. Eyes apparently black. Legs with fore pair whitish excepting at joints and the tarsi which are black; middle and hind pair similarly coloured except the femur is dusky to blackish. Beak pale with tip dusky to black. Cornicles black, and cauda pale greenish to blackish, Antenne with relative lengths of segments as in winged form, no sensoria excepting the usual distal ones on segments V and VI, base. Prothorax bearing a moderate tubercle near the base on each side. Beak reaching a little beyond coxe of the second pair of legs. Cornicles moderately long, curved outwards (fig. 3c) and in live specimens reaching beyond tip of cauda. Cauda conical and typical of the genus. Measurements: (Averages) Length of antennal segment III, 0.486; IV, 0.230; V, 0.226; VI, base, 0.122; VI, filament, 0.452 mm.; cornicles 0. 527 mm.; cauda 0.191 mm. Cotypes in the collections of the U. S. and Canadian National Museums, and in the writer’s collection. Siphonophora achyrantes Monell. The type slide (Monell number 125x) of the species described under this name was examined by Monell and the writer in February 1914, and it was ol EEE ESB : a A Fig. 29.—"Siphonophora achyranthes Monl."’ A, antenna; B, wing; C, cornicle; and D, cauda, of winged viviparous female. Drawn at St. Louis, Mo., Feb., 1914, from type specimen. agreed that it was the same as Myzus persice Sulz. The frontal tubercles and abdominal markings were typical. Other important characters shown in the accompanying drawings (fig. 4) made from the type. Macrosiphum ribiellum, n. sp. What is here considered as a new species was originally described by the writer as Marcosiphum cynosbati Oestl.4 Since writing this description the writer has had an ‘opportunity to examine the type of cynosbati, and finds it _ 4. Studies on Aphidide. Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 2, 1909, p. 38, figs. 232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST quite a different species, a typical Myzus. This species will be discussed in a following paragraph. M. ribiellum (fig. 5) seems to be quite different from any previously de- scribed species occurring on Ribes. It is not a typical Macrosiphum but probably can best be placed in that genus. From other species occurring on Ribes it may be separated as follows. The slightly swollen cornicles and fewer sensoria on antennal segment III of the apterous distinguishes it from Macrosiphum lactuce Schr. We are not familiar with M. ribicola Kalt., but Theobald gives it as a synonym of M. lactuce Schr. Rhopalosiphum lactuce Kalt. has much greater swollen cornicles which are conspicuously club shaped. Whether R. sonchi Oestl. is a synonym of lactuce Kalt. is questionable in my mind. In examining specimens which appear to be typical sonchi collected on Sonchus and typical lactuce collected on Ribes, I can make out no constant character to distinguish the two except that the filament of antennal segment VI in all my sonchi specimens is approximately one half longer than segment III, while in Fig. 30.—Macrosiphum ribiellum, n.sp.—A, cornicle of apterous viviparous female; B, antennal hair; C, antennal segments III and IV of winged viviparous female; D, antennal segments III and IV of apterous viviparous female. lactuce filament of VI is only very slightly (1/7 to 1/6) longer. Rhopalosiphum brittenit Theob. has large swollen cornicles like Jactuce which at once separates this species. Myzus ribis L. bears numerous sensoria on IV and V, and has very slender cylindrical cornicles which easily separate it from Macro. ribiellum. Myzus whitei Theob. is separated by the occurrence of a number of sensoria on IV and V, but resembles ribiellum in the character of the cornicles. Myzus dispar Patch also resembles ribiellum in the character of the cornicles, but dispar differs by having antennal segment VI filament twice the length of seg- ment III. We have not seen Rhop. ribesina v. d. G., but the cornicles are said to be distinctly club-shaped and the antenne to bear sensoria (10-15) on antennal segment IV. Myzus cynosbati Oestl. and M. houghtonensis Troop have more sensoria on segment IV and the cornicles are short, cylindrical and typical of many species of the genus Myzus. Aphis (Myzus) neomexicanus Ckll. is characterized by antenne much shorter than body, cylindrical cornicles which do not reach tip of abdomen, and by black markings on abdomen of winged female. Myzus ribifolii Davidson is readily separated by the cornicles which — are typically Myzus. se CAN. ENTE, VOL. LI. PLATE XX, Myzus cynosbati Oestl. A, head; B, antenna; C, cornicle; D, tip of cornicle much enlarged; E cauda; F, side view of cauda: much enlarged, of winged viviparous female. Drawn from type specimen in collection of Prof. O. W. Oestlund. Myzus houghtenensis Troop. G. cornicle; H, tip of cornicle much entarged; I, cauda; J, antenna; » head; L, wing; and M, antennal hair, of winged viviparous female. Drawn from type slide 9919a in the collection of The United Siates Nationa! Museum. 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Myzus cynosbati Oestl. As already stated the species. described as cynosbati by the writer® is a different species. The accompanying figures (fig. 6, a-f) were made from the type slide through the kindness of O. W. Oestlund. The type slide is labeled 17/86" and bears dissected winged viviparous female. Antennal segment III bears 50 and 53 sensoria, respectively, (two antenne on slide) irregularly placed the entire length of segment, segment IV 22-24 sensoria, V with 3 and the usual distal one. One of the wings on the slide is deformed, having the dis- coidal vein only once branched; the other wing with the second branch notice- ably nearer apex than where first branches. Head mounted on side and view of tubercules not obtainable. Cornicles Myzus-like, imbricated at tip, slender and relatively short. Cauda also short as shown in figure 6e. Legs rather long. Sensilla of antenne slightly swollen at tip but very inconspicuously so. Myzus cynosbati we have collected on flowering currant (Ribes aureum) at Oak Park, Ill., June 23, 1909. A species closely related which may prove a synonym of cynosbatt was described by J. Troop as A phis houghtonensis*. We have had the opportunity to examine the type slide of houghtonensis through the kindness of A. C. Baker. The types differ from the types of cynosbatt by having fewer sensoria on seg- ments III and IV of the winged female, having 25 to 28 on III and 2 to 7 on IV, while cynosbati has 50 to 53 on III and 22 to 24 on IV. Also the antennal sensilla are conspicuously knobbed in houghtonensis and only slightly so in cynosbati. (See figure 6, g to m). However, we have seen specimens sent us by R. H. Pettit collected on gooseberry which show all variations between the types of these two species. Further study and breeding work seems necessary to settle the question of synonymy in this case. Myzocallis alnifoliz Fitch. The species referred to by the writer under the name Callipterus alni Fabr.? should be alnifolie Fitch according to Baker’s key’. Saltusaphis elongata Baker. The original description of this aphid was for the oviparous females only®. In the writer’s collection is a slide of this species bearing a number of apterous viviparous females collected by J. G. Sanders on Scirpus sp. at Madison, Wis., July 18, 1912. It readily runs to elongata in Baker’s key” and differs from the oviparous female only slightly as follows: Hind tibia not swollen nor bearing sensoria; antennal measurements, III, 1.34; IV, .65; V, .53; VI, base, .25; VI, filament, .42 mm., the total length noticeably more than that of the body. Annals Ent. Soc. Amer., Vol. 2, 1919, p. 38. Ent. News, Vol 17, No. 2, p. 59-60, 3 figs., Feb., 1906. Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 3, p. 416, Oct., 1910. Jour. Econ. Ent., Vol. 10, p. 423, Aug., 1917. 9. Can. Ent.,; Vol. 49, No. 1, p. 4, Jan., 1917. 10. yaLocxeit= pe: o> Or we ™ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Zan NOTES ON ALLOGRAPTA FRACTA O.S. (DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE). *BY W. M. DAVIDSON, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. During the spring and early summer of 1918 the writer was stationed in the Imperial Valley of southern California, and was afforded good opportunity to observe the habits of the predaceous fly, Allograpta fracta O.S. Previous to the first settlement and cultivation, some twenty years ago, the Imperial Valley was a flat, almost treeless, dry plain and, therefore, was not a habitat congenial to Syrphidz, a family most of whose members prefer moist forested localities. In 1918 with several hundred thousand acres under cultiva- tion to grains, corn, alfalfa, cotton and grapes and with canals everywhere a fairly rich syrphid fauna might have been expected. This was not the case, and with three exceptions the writer failed to observe during five months’ time other than aphidophagous types and some of these, the species of Melanostoma, abundant elsewhere in California were conspicuous by their absence. The three exceptions above mentioned consisted of the species Mesograpta geminata Say, M. marginata Say, and Ceria sp., the last-named breeding in wounds in the trunks and limbs of cottonwood (Populus fremontii). From February to July Allograpta fracta was without doubt the most abundant species present, and the larve were very beneficial, acting as an undoubted check upon the barley and corn aphis (Aphis maidis Fitch). So mild was the winter that numbers of adults were observed January 3rd, on the occasion of a visit to the valley. After the middle of February, when the writer took up his duties, until the end of June, when he !eft the valley, the adult flies were seen nearly every day, often in abundance, about barley and corn fields infested with aphids. The first larva was observed February 19th, and thereafter larvae and pupz were to be found at any time first on barley and later on corn. The larve were especially beneficial to barley from March 15th to April 30th, at which date most of the grain had ripened, and to corn during May and June. In some fields they were more abundant than in others, and in those in which they especially abounded it was found that about 25% of the infested heads had larve working on the aphids. Experiments on the number of aphids a larva could destroy -indicated that one could in its life-tin-e eat all the aphids on from three to four heads of grain of average infestation. It therefore appeared that if at any one time larve were found to be worl:ing in a quarter of the infested heads in a field they might be expected to wipe out in due course between 75% and 100% of the infestation of aphids. In one field of 20 acres examined on a number of occasions, it appeared that A. fracta was responsible for an almost total de- struction of barley aphids. Larve of Eupodes volucris O.S., Syrphus americanus Wied., Allograpta obliqua Say, and Catabomba pyrastri L. were present in the barley and corn fields, but in much smaller numbers than those of Allograpia fracta. In the Los Angeles district of southern California Allograpta obliqua is very abundant and A. fracta comparatively scarce, whereas in the Imperial Valley the reverse evidently holds true. /racta is common in the San Diego mountains. In 1918 fracta was not bred from any other host than Aphis maidis, except that a single larva was taken attacking Aphis pseudobrassice Davis. Aphis *Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture October, 1919 236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST brassice L., Myzus persice Sulzer and Macrosiphum pisi Kalt. colonies were searched frequently, but in vain, for larvee and pupe of the syrphid. Stages and Parasitism. At El Centro 8 ova of fracta deposited March 22nd hatched 4 in two, 4 in three days, and two resultant larve pupated after a stage of 11 and 12 days; one individual emerged as an adult fly 8 days after it pupated. Six other individuals varied in the pupal stage from 5 to 12 days in April: From March 22 to April 30 the minimum daily temperatures ranged from 50 to 63 F., and the maximum from 71 to 96 F.; the average daily minimum was 58 F., and the average daily maximum 86 F. Between the middle of February and the end of April 45 large larve and pupe of Allograpta were collected in the field; of these 12 died in the pupal stage, 14 yielded mature A. fracta, 1 yielded mature obliqua, and 18 yielded parasites. From two of the parasitized puparia several imagoes of Pachyneuron issued, and from the other 16 puparia single Ichneumonid adults emerged. Most of the latter were Eiplazon laetatorius Fabr., adults of which were com- monly observed flying about the fields. The puparia of the parasitized flies turned brown almost immediately after pupation. Within the puparia the parasites developed a little more slowly than the hosts. DESCRIPTIONS The egg is white, microscopically sculptured, elongate oval, in length about 85 mm.; in diameter about .25 mm.; deposited by the parent beside a colony of aphids. Eggs observed on barley plants were all placed so that their long axis was aparallel to the long axis of the blade. At birth the larva is nearly cylindrical, widest at the middle, whitish in colour, the mouth-parts gray. Each segment bears small, fleshy, conical eleva- tions. The posterior respiratory tubes are short, not fused, and divergent; they are whitish, tipped with light brown. The transverse folds of the body are faint. After feeding the colour of the larva during the first instar becomes grayish white, the area about the dorsal vessel pink. After the first moult the larva measures about 4.5 mm. in length, and 1 mm. in breadth. The green colour which persists until the pupa is about to give forth the imago is now obvious. Each of the fleshy conical elevations of the integument is surmounted by a short pale bristle. The posterior respira- tory tubes become lengthened, basally fused mesad, divergent at the apices, twice as long as their combined basal width, pale green tipped with brown. For a few days after the first moult the pink dorsal stripe is apparent, gradually fading away. The fat bodies show through the integument as two narrow whitish stripes running longitudinally one down either side of the narrow dark dorsal vessel. The full-grown larva is 8 to 9 mm. in length, 2 mm. wide, and about 1.2 mm. in height; elongate oval, somewhat flattened on dorsum, the anterior end drawn out to a point when the insect extends itself; integument finely papillose, transversely wrinkled, the fleshy conical elevations surmounted with pale spines, colour green, with two narrow whitish longitudinal stripes flanking the dorsal vessel, posterior respiratory tubes fused mesad, .5 mm. long, the combined base about 27 mm. wide. The structure of the stigmal plates is very similar to THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SBT that of the larva of Allograpta obliqua as shown by Metcalf (1)*, except that the anterior interspiracular spine beside the circular plate is much less prominent in A. fracta than in A. obliqua. The larva pupates commonly on the plant surface, generally close by the place where it last fed. On blades of barley and corn the pupze were almost always oriented parallel to the long axis of the blade. The puparium is green; the two whitish larval stripes apparent for a day or two; as the true pupa inside takes on the black and yellow cclour of the adult fly the colour of the puparium changes until all the green van’shes. The anterior face is bulbous, the outline of the dorsum convex, curving downward to the base of the pesterior respiratory tubes, not concave anterad of the tubes, the venter is gently concave, sides narrowing posterad. Armature consists in the pale inconspicuous bristles of the larval integment. Length of puparium 5 to 6.5 mm., maximum breadth 2 to 2.3 mm., height 1.7.to 2.1 mm. (7 indi- viduals). Adult Female. Oval. Vertex shining black, continued as a broad stripe to base of antenna, thence as a narrow stripe to, or almost to, mouth cavity, face narrow, pale yellow or white, the light colour coming up on the sides almost to the ocelli, cheeks pale yellow, in front below the eyes a small brownish spot; pile of face short, pale yellow; pile of frons chiefly light-coloured, but some examples have considerable black pile in the middle; profile of face below antennze gently con- cave to the base of tubercle; occipital pile silvery, above fulvous. Antenne reddish yellow; third segment blackish or grayish along the upper edge, oval in shape, but little longer than wide in middle; arista brown, lighter basally. Thorax shining metallic green, with short fulvous pile; a pale, yellow lateral stripe from humerus to suture, three yellow spots on the pleure; scutellum yellow, the extreme anterior corners black, pile light yellow except for a few black hairs on the disc. Wings hyaline, stigma brownish yellow. Legs yellow, posterior femora with a brown ring near apex, posterior tibiae with brown rings at basal third and before the apex, hind tarsi reddish brown, last three joints brown; pile light-coloured. Abdomen narrow, oval; first segment metallic black, anterior and lateral margins pale yellow, sometimes almost half the dorsal surface of the segment is yellow; remaining segments with shining black crcss-bands, one on anterior, one on posterior margin, the central black part opaque; second segment with a slightly arched yellow cross-band, reaching the sid¢s fer its full width, about one-third as wide as the segment, constricted and sometimes interrupted in the centre, in some individuals continued up the sides to the anterior angles of the segment; third segment with a similar cross-band, wider and more con- spicuously arched, not constricted, between one-third and one-half as wide as the segment; fourth and fifth segments with two median longitudinal, narrow, yellow stripes, and with two obliquely placed yellow spots, the latter on the fourth segment rarely coming in contact with the central stripes and reaching the lateral margins in their full width about apical fourth of the segment. Pile of abdomen short, except on the sides cf the two basal segments; colour light _ yellow, on the disc black and yellow mixed. *Figures in parenthesis refer to Literature Cited. 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Length 6 to 7 mm.; length of wing 5 to 5.5 mm. Described from 12 specimens taken in 1918 at El Centro and Alhambra, al. Adult male (after Williston’s quotation of Osten Sacken) (2). i Length 7 mm. Face, including the frontal triangle, pale yellow, slightly opalescent; a bluish black stripe extends from the oral edge to the antenne, forming a semicircle above them. Antenne reddish, third segment brown along the upper edge, vertex black. Thorax bright metallic green, a pale yellow stripe on each side between the humerus and the root of the wings; ante-scutellar (post-alar) callosity yellowish; scutellum of a saturate yellow, the extreme corners dark; halteres with yellow knobs. First abdominal segment metallic greenish black, its extreme anterior margin only yellow; the rest of the abdomen black, opaque; an interrupted yellow cross-band on the second segment equal to about one-third the segment in breadth; a somewhat broader, slightly arched, and not interrupted yellow cross-band on the third segment; on the fourth, two narrow, parallel, longitudinal lines in the middle and an obliquely placed, large, oval spot on each side of them, yellow; the narrow fifth segment shows a yellow picture, somewhat resembling that of the fourth segment. Legs yellow; tip of tarsi brownish; hind femora with a brown ring before the tip; hind tibize with two such rings, one before the middle, the other before the tip; hind tarsi brown, except the under side of the first joint. Wings hyaline; stigma brownish yellow.” Fig. 31. A, B.—Allograpta obliqua, female, dorsum of abdomen and front view of head. C, D.—Allograpia fracta, female, dorsum of abdomen and front view of head. Osten Sacken (3) described the species from a single male collected at Santa Monica, Cal., in 1876. There are before the writer 22 males from southern California; of these 20 have the cross-band of the second segment constricted in the middle and 2 have it interrupted, so that normally this band is not divided as in the type specimen. Also in these 22 males the coloration of the first abdominal segment varies as in the females, some having considerably more than the ‘‘extreme anterior margin only’’ yellow. In the males the cross-band of the third abdominal segment is on the average broader, and the oblique spots of the fourth segment larger than in the females. Williston (2) indicated the differences between Allograpta obliqua and A. fracta to consist in the faint brownish facial stripe and yellow first abdominal THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 239 segment of the former as compared with the narrow, bluish-black facial stripe and blackish first abdominal segment of the latter. In the writer’s series of both species the facial stripe colour character holds good, although many obliqua specimens have the brown stripe hardly ‘‘faint’’ but quite prominent. In the fracta series no individual has as much as half the first abdominal segment yellow above, while in the obligua series all specimens have considerably more than half the segment yellow, in fact only the posterior margin is black. The scutellar pile is a good character for separation; in obliqua it is all black, and in fracta almost all yellow. In both species the picture of the fourth segment is variable, but all the fracta females have the longitudinal stripes divergent anteriorly, while all the obliqua females have these parallel the whole length. This character does not hold for the males, owing to some of the fracta males having stripes not divergent. A. fracta is a smaller species than A. obliqua. The immature stages are virtually indistinguishable. The only known extra-Californian record for A. fracta is that of Metcalf (4) for Blowing Rock, N.C. This record suggests a transcontinental range for the species. PITERATURE ‘CITED (1) Metcalf, C. L. Syrphidze of Maine. Me. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 253, 1916, p. 234 and fig. 31. (2) Williston, S. W. Synopsis of the North American Syrphide. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 31, p. 97. (3) Osten Sacken, C.R. West. Dipt., p. 331. (4) Metcalf, C. R. A List of Syrphide of North Carolina. Jour. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, Dec., 1916, p. 102. OBITUARY. F. H. WOLLEY DOD. On the 24th July, of enteric, at 49 Hospital, Chanak, Frederic Hova Wolley Dod, of Midnapore, Alberta, Sec. Lieut., Yorkshire Light Infantry, attached Macedonian Labour Corps. Naturalists are born, not made, and if ever there was an enthusiast—a zealous seeker of scientific truths, it was our good friend who is gone. But to F. H. Wolley Ded even his beloved study of entomology had to take second place in his thoughts after the outbreak of war. He must go, and serve! and handicapped by his years, and his unfitness as a fighting man, he finally over- came all obstacles; obtained a commission; and served as a lieutenant in a Labour Battalion in Macedonia. His last letter to me was joyous in the Allied victory, and full of plans for the future. ‘‘He must set up his Macedonian material, do a little collecting in England for old times sake; and then for Canada, and a trip into the mountains for alpine stuff. Would I go with him?’’ Aye, gladly would I go! Dod was the pioneer worker in Alberta on the Ledpidoptera, with a special leaning to the Noctuide. For many years he contributed regularly to The Canadian Entomologist, the first of his long series of paper ‘‘ Preliminary List of 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the Macro-lepidoptera of Alberta’ appearing in June, 1901. Five or six years ago he again went through his list, publishing additions and corrections. He also published papers in The Entomological News. His great trait was thoroughness; and a bookcase of his notes on the type specimens, made on the occasions of his periodical visits to South Kensington, etc., not to mention his fine private collection, bear witness to his diligence. In the end he would take nothing for granted; and believe nothing unless sub- stantiated by proofs. Nor can he be blamed for his incredulity when his own side of the case was told, viz., the confusion and added difficulties of his work in the early days, due to the snap judgments and incorrect identifications of the specialists of that time. So thoroughness begat real knowledge, and in the end he enjoyed an international reputation as an authority, if not the greatest authority, on the North American Nectuide. A member of a well-known English family, and of excellent education, he loved his Alberta ranch at Midnapore next only to the Empire, and the science to which he devoted his lesiure hours for so many years. As a scientist leaving an irreparable gap in the ranks, his death could be deplored, and as a friend I could find it in my heart to bitterly begrudge his loss. But neither of these would be worthy nor characteristic of the man—cf the sacrifice he so gladly made, and the life he was so ready to give. He, I know, would have but one request to us all: ‘‘Continue the good work!” BR. Cow. Mr. W. Downes, Temporary Assistant at the Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Victoria, B.C., has been appointed a Junior Entomologist and will assist Mr. R. C. Treherne, Entomologist in charge for British Columbia, in the investigations on small fruit insects that are being conducted on Vancouver Island and the Lower Fraser Valley. Edmund H. Gibson has resigned his position with the U. S. Bureau cf Entomology, and is entering upon a new field of endeavor for himself. Be- lieving that entomology can be put on a dignified professional business basis the same as law, medicine, engineering, etc., he is taking the initial step, and believcs that after a certain amount of pioneering work the field should open up to other entomologists. Mr. Gibson’s headquarters, for the time being, will be Alexandria, Virginia. His professional card is worded ‘Consulting Entomo- logist and Agricultural Engineer.”’ —_—.. Mailed October 14th, 1919 The Canadian Entomologist Vo. LI. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1919. No. 11 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. FURTHER REMARKS ON COLLEMBOLA. BY CHARLES MACNAMARA, ARNPRIOR, ONTARIO. A very remarkable feature of the Collembola is their amazingly wide dis tribution. They are found all over the world, and as Dr. Folsom: remarks’ ‘‘may be expected to occur wherever there is a soil that supports vegetation.” The one condition fatal to them is dryness. Some of the scaled kinds are said to live in comparatively arid situations, but the vast majority can exist only in a decidedly moist atmosphere. Given a modicum of humidity, however, they can make themselves at home anywhere. You can collect them on cloud- capped mountains, under the dense shade of forests, over grassy plains, along the sea shore, or in your own wood-shed at home. They are perhaps most abundant among the moss, dead leaves, and rotten logs of woodlands, but they are common also in fields, gardens, and green-houses. They shelter under the bark cf trees, (I have found them living at the top of a 75-ft. maple)—they are _ plentiful in long grass and damp soil, and certain over-ripe toadstools often swarm with them. They are counted among the unbidden guests in ants’ nests, and one species is known in the United States as a household pest, though admittedly a very minor one. Many frequent caves,—some species occur nowhere else—others find their way deep down into mines, and one ghastly white Isotoma (J. sepulcralis Fols.) makes its hideous habitation with moulder- ing human bodies in the grave. Some occur along the sea shore, and may be submerged by the tide for hours every day without hurt. Others live on the banks of fresh-water streams, and many venture out on to the surface of ponds. A curious accident sometimes happens to these aquatic kinds. The “‘surface skin’’ of the water is for them a firm floor which they cannot break through, but occasionally an adventurer among them, by crawling down the stem of a water plant, penetrates beneath the surface. If he returns by the same road, good and well; but if he lets go of the plant, he at once floats up against the under side of the water film, and being as unable to break through from be- neath as he was from above, he perishes miserably. Quite as remarkable as this ‘‘sub-ubiquity”’ of the order is the exceedingly wide range of certain genera and species. The name of the springtails common to the whole Northern Hemisphere is legion; indeed no other order of animals is known to show such a large proportion of Holarctic species. Isotoma palustris Mull., to mention only one, abundant on water in this country, is domiciled also in California, Great Britain and Siberia. Other species range even farther. Sminthurus hortensis Fitch, which you are sure to find in your garden in May and June if you look for it, is a resident also of Scotland, Bohemia, Japan and Tierra del Fuego. Achorutes armatus Nic., plentiful everywhere in our woods, is recorded from Greenland, Spitzbergen, Great Britain, Switzerland, North 241 242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST te bes $e Africa, Brazil and Chile, Ceylon, Sumatra, and New Zealand. I once heard a shantyman describing the camp he worked in as being in such an out of the way place in the woods, that even the chickadees had not discovered it. If this man’s tastes had been entomological, he would certainly have found that he was not beyond the range of A. armatus. The genus Isotoma, however, holds the distributional record. It is not only known all over the globe from the shores of the Arctic Ocean to the remote islands of the Antarctic, but one of its species, Jsotoma klovstadi Carpenter, shares the honour with another Collem- bolan, Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter, of constituting the entire land fauna of the’ great Antarctic continent. Excluding as essentially pelagic the sea-birds that visit those desolate shores merely to’ nest, these two tiny and primitive insects are, so far as known, the only indigenous form of terrestrial animal life on Antarctica. How these delicate, wingless insects have reached such widely separated. stations is an interesting question. They are feeble and uncertain travellers, and their dispersal by their own efforts must be very slow. They have, of course, been transported to a certain extent by man along trade routes, but Dr. Folsom regards running water as the chief means of their spread over land areas, and some may be carried for limited distances by ocean currents along coasts and. to outlying islands. But this does not explain how they have managed to cross vast ocean spaces and reach far distant and isolated archipelagoes in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. Their presence in the nests of gulls and puffins on de- tached rocks on the coast of Ireland, as noticed by Carpenter, indicates the possibility of their transfer in some instances by birds. But the fact, also recorded by Carpenter, that they are plentiful on the ancient granite-formed islands of the Seychelles while nearly absent from the more recent coral islands of the same group, would suggest that their spread by birds must be both slow and limited in extent. It seems most probable that in some cases they have travelled to their present stations by land connections that have since disap- peared. It is significant, too, that only the Arthropleona, the more primitive of the two sub-orders, have been found on-the Seychelles and Hawaii. Ap- parently these islands were cut off from the rest of the world before the more specialized Symphypleona had been evolved. The Collembola are of an ancient race, and were old settlers in the world even in the inconceivably far-off days of those strange continents that geologists tell us existed where the oceans are now, and which they map out to the bewilderment of plain people who have been brought up on Mercator’s Projection. Heat and moisture, in some degree, are absolutely essential to all forms of life, vegetable or animal. The Collembola evidently regard moisture as a prime necessity, but many of them are not so particular about heat, and low temperatures affect them less than any other hexapod. This is shown by the habit of numerous species in coming out on the snow—a practice which has earned for them the popular name of ‘‘snow-fleas.” Like most popular names, the designation is inaccurate, for the Collembola are not in any way related to the true fleas (Siphonaptera) and the species that come out on the snow occur in the summer also. But as the term is convenient to distinguish the insects in their snow-frequenting phase, its use persists. — i. - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 243 A considerable number of arthropod sare recorded as having been taken on the snow, including mites and spiders and members of almost every order of insects. The occurrence of a good’ many of these creatures, however, is purely accidental and involuntary, and is due to their having been evicted in some way from their winter shelters. On the other hand, others come out regularly and with intent, or, if you prefer, as the result of some tropism. But with the doubtful exception of Isotoma saltans Ag., reported from the glaciers of the Swiss Alps, no hexapod, so far as I know, makes its permanent habitat on the snow. There are some micrcscopic rotifers and some curious worms (Oligocheta) that seem actually to live and breed in the snow of glaciers, but the snow-frequenting hexapods merely emerge from the soil and surface detritus for a few hours, more cr less, and those that do not perish on or in the snow, eventually retire again to their subnivean shelters. In this class may be mentioned in addition to the Collembola, the Mecopter genus Boreus, and some of the stone-flies, (Plecoptera). I have seen thousands of the latter coming out of the Madawaska River at Arnprior about noon on a fine day in March, and all setting off southwards in obedience to a pcsitive heliotropism that headed them straight into the sunlight. But the best known and most regular frequenters of the snow are certain species of Collembola. The term ‘‘snow-flea’’ is sometimes used as if it designated a single species. Doubtless the title was first applied to Achorutes socialis Uzel, by far the most frequent and abundant species on the snow. But it is necessary nowadays to widen the application of the name; for at least eight genera of Collembola including more than thirty species, have been recorded as appearing on the snow in Europe and North America. Here again, however, we must distinguish between mere chance appearances and regular occurrences. Authors generally have paid little or no attention to this point, but there is no doubt that a good many springtail species appear on the snow, not in the course of a normal life activity, but as the result of an accident. Of the eleven species I have collected on the snow in the vicinity of Arnprior, four had obviously fallen out of logs or been washed from the ground by the running water of a thaw, and the individuals were either-dead or numb with cold, although at the same time, the hardier species were quite active on the surface. But even allowing this, the Collem- bola have still a far larger number of snow species, both actual and proportional, than any other order of insects. It is remarkable that practically all the snow habitués among the spring- tails belong to the more primitive of the two sub-orders; the Arthropleona. The only record I can find of a Symphypleona on the snow is given by Schétt, who speaks of Sminthurus aureus Lubb. as having so occurred in Sweden. But while he mentions no date, the context of his statement leads to the suspicion that the snow fall was an unseasonably early one, and that the creatures were there by accident. It is also worth noting that, so far as my observations go, none of the white or light-coloured species ever come out in the winter. The snow frequenters are of various shades of blues, browns, yellows, reds, greens and purples, but the colours are all so dark that nearly all the insects look virtually black on the snow. The celebrated Count Rumford, giving practical effect to his studies 244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ee in heat and light,dressed in white in the winter, on the principle that, as he was a warm-blooded animal, this costume would reduce to a minimum the radiation of heat from his body. Conversely, the snow-flea being a cold-blooded animal, with no bedily heat to lese, finds its dark pigmentation advantageous in assist- ing it to absorb heat when it comes to the surface in winter. A great many species of Collembola survive the northern winter, but the snow-frequenting habit is sharply confined to certain kinds, while other clesely allied species never emerge while the snow is on the ground. Available North American and European records credit about one-half of all the snow appearance, accidental or intentional, to the genus Isotoma. The other genera represented are Entomobrya, Achorutes, Onychiurus, Anurophorus, Orchesella, Tomocerus and Sminthurus. My experience in this district also is that Isotoma can claim more species on the snow than any other genus, Jsotoma nigra MacG. is the mcst abundant of the genus here, and it is sometimes found over many acres of open woodland or beaver meadow, with a frequency of one or two specimens to the square yard. JI. palustris Mull., more local in its distri- bution, often reaches about the same frequency in swampy places. J. mac- namarat Fols., which affects wet places also, is scarcer, and it usually takes some searching to collect a dozen or so specimens. J. viridis Bourl. var. riparia Nic. I have found only towards spring. Once I collected 25 or 30 specimens in April on the snow covering a rather dry pasture, but mostly they are found sparingly in woods. A couple of other Isotomas of undetermined species are represented by only a specimen or two, and the appearance of one at least was accidental. Also a few odd specimens of Tomocerus sp., Orchesella sp. and Entomobrya sp. had evidently not come out of their own accord where I found them. Among the real snow travellers, however, we must class Achorutes armatus Nic. It never emerges in very large numbers, but I have found it active on the snow in the vicinity of small streams from November to March. Very seldom do any of the species mentioned so far ever appear on the snow in sufficient numbers to attract the attention of the casual wayfarer; no one but the entomologist who is looking for them is likely to notice them. This does not mean, however, that the insects occur only sparingly, for many people are extraordinarily insensible to phenomena that do not affect them directly, and even when in large numbers, snow-fleas are often passed by unnoticed. One morning, crouched on my snowshoes in a narrow pathway through a cedar swamp, I was picking up Isotomas with a small brush and dropping them into a vial, when I heard another snowshoer come crunching over the crust towards me. It was a labouring man of my acquaintance with his axe on his shoulder, taking a short cut to his work across the Ottawa River. He gave me a polite ““good-day,’’ but looked so curiously at my occupation, that in order to preserve at least the remnant of a reputation for sanity, I thought it well to explain to him what I was doing. He was greatly surprised to see the insects on the snow. They were plentiful that morning, and for some distance he had been crushing scores of them under his snowshoes at every step, but he had not noticed them until I pointed them out to him. ‘Well, by gosh!” he said, “‘I often heard tell of snow-fleas, but I never seen them before.’’ A worthy man. as I know, though imperfectly instructed in grammar. i alia i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 245 But the most heedless passer-by cannot overlook Achorutes socialis Uzel when it makes up its mind to come out. The vast swarms literally blacken square yards of the snow around the principal foci from which they emerge. On level surfaces they may be as thick as 500 to the square foot, while in hol- lows and depressions in the snow—such as foot-prints—from which they cannot easily escape, they sometimes accumulate in solid masses that could be ladled out with a spoon. (I find the mark of a No. II shoe-pack an admirable snow- flea trap,—and to prevent unkind inferences | hasten to point out that in winter this footwear calls for at least four pairs of heavy socks.) Spreading out from these centres, the distribution becomes thinner, though fcr acres the insects often run from 10 to 50 to the square foot, and examination of a yard or so of the surface anywhere over miles of country is almost certain to show two or three specimens leaping and clambering among the snow particles. Mest writers speak of snow-fleas as occurring in the spring, and it is true that some species of them seem to come out only at that season, and in general they are most abundant towards the end of the winter. But it is the effect of the mild weather whenever it occurs and not the season that brings them out, for most of them can be found on the snow every month from November to April whenever the rising temperature approaches the freezing point. Those excellent field-naturalists, the Red Indians, noticed this. Among the native weather lore recorded by F. W. Waugh in his ‘‘Iroquois Foods,”’ the snow-fleas are said to indicate mild weather, and the Onondagas, Mr. Waugh says, called them ‘‘soft weather fleas.”’ But it should be borne in mind that while the snow-flea tide rises in direct relation with the temperature, the soft weather is not the determining cause of the insects’ emergence. The real factor is the amount of moisture in the atmosphere. In mild weather, the large quantity of water vapor released by the melting snow soon brings the humidity, both relative and absolute, to a high figure, and the snow-fleas, finding a more (To be continued.) NEW APHIDS FROM OAKS. *BY W. M. DAVIDSON, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, SACRAMENTO, CALIFORNIA. Vacuna californica, sp, nov. : Vacuna dryophila Schrank?. Davidson, Journal Econ. Ent., Vol. X, Apr., 1917. In April, 1917, issue of the Journal of Economic Entomology, the writer referred this species doubtfully to dryophila Schrank of Europe, only a single winged individual having been taken up to the time the article (Little-known Western Plant-Lice II) was submitted for publication. Since that time more winged insects have been collected, and all prove to differ from the typical dryophila in the same manner as the first. It appears, therefore, that the Californian insect is worthy of specific rank. *Published with the permission of the Secretary of Agriculture. November, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 246 ‘aA0qe Wor; je [vue ‘FT SaAoqe WOIJ VpNLS ‘s) FapoTUIOD “WT ‘euuaque jo TA WWIOl ‘| : (III 0} J Sur0f) & *aAOqe WOIf BPN ‘ :uUsMTOpge JO sJo1oqn} [B197e| ‘g ee a ee ee ae Se uudajue 3a] pue peay ‘q ‘Aou ‘ds ‘270fi94anb sujos0zh py “H-C ‘euuojue 1a] pue pray ‘y {:aou ‘ds ‘pa1uW40fyp9 DunaD A ‘D)-Y¥—' SE “SIA | lle ae ari 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 247 The two species differ as follows:— V. dryophila V. californica 4 or 5 sensoria on antennal III. Only the apical sensorium on anten- nal III. About 9 long hairs on antennal III. 3 or 4 long hairs on antennal III. Mesothorax appearing as single chitin|/Mesothorax appearing as partially plate. divided into lobes. Dates of collection of winged forms are as follows: May 16, 1915; April 29, 1916; May 8, 1916; Quercus lobata Nee, Walnut Creek, Cal., May 14, 1917; Quercus macrocarpa Michx., Sacramento, Cal. Myzocallis quercifolii, sp. nov. Alate viviparous female. General colour light green; antenne pale green with narrow brown annu- lations at apices of joints, filament of joint VI brownish; head and thoracic lobes olive green; wings hyaline, stigma very pale with dusky brown spots at base and apex; legs pale green, base of tibiz with a brown ring, femora brownish near apex, tarsi and tibial apices brown; tubercles of thorax and abdomen paler than body colour; cornicles pale green; cauda and anal plate pale green; beak pale, extreme tip brown; venter light green. Antenne on short frontal tubercles, slender, longer than body, base and filament of joint VI subequal; joint III with one or two circular sensoria near the base; antennal spines rather stout; the forehead bears 8 stout prominent pale capitate spines, in length equal to half the width of the forehead. Pro- thorax and mesothorax each with a pair of tubercles on the dorsum. Abdo- men narrow, with three pairs of conical tubercles on the dorsum and with three pairs of blunt tubercles on sides. Cornicles slightly longer than wide at base, somewhat constricted in centre. Cauda globular, spinose. Anal plate deeply cleft, spinose. Beak reaches to the second coxe. Wings longer than body. Measurements.—Length of body (mounted specimens) about 1.25 mm. Width cf body about .45 mm. Antenne, joint lengths: III .61 mm., IV .35 mm., V .32 mm., VI .28 mm. (.145 mm. plus .135 mm.). Length of wing 1.94 mm., of cornicles (085 mm., of cauda .08 mm., of beak .23 mm., of hind tibia 1.06 mm. Described from 3 individuals collected on the leaves of Blue Oak (Quercus douglasu H. & A.) by Mr. F. B. Herbert, Los Gatos, Cal., June 4, 1917. This species is closely related to Myzocallis quercus Kaltenbach, M. pasanie Davidson, M. californicus Baker, and M. californicus Baker var. pallidus, below described. The prominent capitate spines on the forehead will distinguish it from others. The following key will separate the above species: CS SS SE Sct al 0] Ete) re Myzocallis quercus Kalt. PITRE ILO UE IIOUL...0.¢. 02... eescrtechetcs...chscedsevocedeccocsccecessscsvesesevdecsenteccersess 2: 2. Forehead of winged vivipara with prominent capitate MERE MATa Wc pau aie, ccs dssnidlenc sel -vf eadecedscescsne Myzocallis quercifolit, sp. nov. Forehead of winged vivipara with spines non-capitate or indistinctly eco FE Sa CT. cE cdo ce. Cacgsacccncsdequlvaclessdsne;SeansavatcvesJeerecnuan totes 3. 248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3. Distal antennal joint about .58 mm. in length... ie tee ee eee Myzocallis pasanie Davidson. Distal antennal joint about-.34 mm, in lengthy -..,...22 4) sts. 4, 4. Distal sensorium of antennal III at or beyond middle of Journ ia Ses sears eee ee ieee ee Myzocallis californicus Baker. Distal sensorium of antennal III hardly one-third of the length of the joint from! Dases.vce ree? Myzocallis californicus Baker var pallidus var nov. Myzocallis californicus Baker var. pallidus var. nov. This form differs from var californicus in the sensoriation of the third antennal joint, pallidus having 3 or 4 sensoria all in the basal third of the joint, whereas californicus has from 4 to 6 sensoria more widely distributed and oc- cupying the basal half or more of the joint The structure of the body includ- ing the dorsal tubercles is very similar Var pallidus is pale green in colour, smaller in body than californicus; it was collected January 5, 1918, on Quercus dumosa Nutt, an evergreen scrub oak, near Jacumba, Cal. A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS TACHYDROMIA FROM ILLINOIS (DIPTERA, EMPIDIDZ:). BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. The type series of the species described herein is deposited in the collec- tion of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. Tachydromia harti, sp. n. Male and female.—Glossy dark brown. Head black; antenne yellowish testaceous; palpi brown. Thorax brown, paler anteriorly; propleura with white pruinescence. Abdomen yellowish at base of venter. Legs yellowish testaceous, darker in female, hind femora and tibie except bases, mid tibiz at bases, and apices of basal three and all of apical two joints of all tarsi in both sexes blackened; fore tibia in male with two deep black spots on the inner or anterior side, one, heart-shaped, beyond middle and the other, round, at apex. Wing with two broad, black fascia as in schwarzi Ccquillett, but the apical fascia extending nearer to apex of wing. Knobs of halteres white. Eyes distinctly separated in both sexes; third antennal jcint not large than second; arista terminal. Dcrsum of thorax nude; scutellum with two bristles. Ventral sclerite of abdomen in male in front of hypopygium with a number of curved bristles, apex of hypopygium with a few similar bristles. Fore femur much swollen; fore tibia cf male very much dilated from base to apex. Venation as in schwarzt. Length 1.5-2 mm. Type—male, Havana, Ill., June 5, 1918, (J. R. Malloch). Allotype and paratypes topotypical. One male and three females. This species is mcst closely allied to schwarzi Coquillett, but may be sep- arated from it by the breadened fore tibia of the male and the very much closer approximation of the subapical fascia to the apex of the wing. Named in honour of my late colleague, C. A. Hart, who did some of his best work in the locality where the species was taken. November, 1919 7 i sel THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 249 NOTES ON COCCIDE—IV. (HEMIPTERA).* BY G. F. FERRIS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. In an earlier paper of this series I called attention to the artificial character of the genus Sphaerococcus, and began the process of transferring the included species to other genera. At that time specimens of the genotype, S. casuarine Maskell, were not available for examination, but since then (through the kind- ness of Professor Cockerell) I have been enabled to see specimens of this species. The suspicion that I then expressed to the effect that this species is merely an _ Antonina is nearly, if not quite, substantiated, for it is certainly of this type. However, there are certain points upon which the genus Sphaerococcus may, for the present, be maintained. __ Iam here redefining the genus. Also, I am removing from this genus three mcre species, one of which, S. obscuratus Maskell, I refer provisionally to the genus Kuwanina, another, S. leptosbermi Maskell, which I refer to the genus Amorphococcus, and another, S. pirogallis Maskell, for which I name a new genus, Eremococcus. I may note here that Sphaerococcus sylvestris Ckll. and King, is probably nothing more than an immature stage of some species of Kermes. Genus SpHAEROCOcCcUS (Maskell). Coccide referable to the subfamily Dactylopiine (of the Fernald Cata- logue) and belonging to the Pseudococcus group, that is, possessing dorsal ostioles. Adult female resembling the female of Antonina; apodous; with the antenne reduced to mere vestiges of three or four minute segments; with the posterior end of the abdomen invaginated to form a short tube at the inner end of which is the anal ring, this bearing six short sete. Differing from Antonina (if at all) only in the fact that the legs are present in the penultimate stage of the female. First stage larva with six-segmented antenna, with six hairs on the anal ring, with dorsal ostioles. Type of the genus, Sphaerococcus casuarine Maskell. It is probable that none of the other species now referred to this genus are congeneric with the geno-type. Notes.—As I have pointed out in the description given above, this is essen- tially an Antonina, differing only in the fact that the legs are retained in the penultimate stage. However, this point needs investigation. I would call attention to the fact that in one species now referred to Antonina (A. parrottt Ckll.) the anterior pair of legs alone are retained in what has been described astheadult. In specimens of A. indica Green, the legs are lacking in the penulti- mate stage. Sphaerococcus casuarinae (Maskell). Fig. 33. There is little except detail to add to the description given by Maskell. The species resembles the various species of Antonina except that it is more nearly circular. The anal ring bears six short sete and is not hairless, as asserted by Maskell. Beyond this the material examined does not permit me to gO. *Continued from Canadian Entomologist, vol. 50, p. 113, (1919). November, 1919 250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The first stage larva is quite as in Antonina. The antenne are six- segmented. The anal lobes (Fig. 33) bear a single stout spine, a short seta and the usual long seta. ; Material examined. From Casuarina quadrivalvis, Australia. Genus AMoRPHOCOCCUS Green. But two species are at present referred to this genus, one A. mesue Green, from Ceylon and another A. acacie Brain, from South Africa. With these Fig. 33.—Sphaerococcus casuarine (Maskell); dorsal Fig. 34.—Amorphococcus leplospermi (Maskell); A, tubular aspect of portion of caudal extremity of duct; B, anal rings and surrounding structures, left first larval stage. half dorsal, right half ventral. Sphaerococcus leptospermi Maskell appears to be strictly congeneric. All are gall makers, the galls appearing as twig swellings. Amorphococcus leptospermi, (Maskell). Fig. 34, Habit.—Occurring in a twig gall, this gall being merely a swelling with a small, pore-like opening at the top. 4 Morphological characteristics—Adult female apodous and with the an- tenne reduced to mere vestiges, which show three or four minute segments. Derm membranous throughout. Pores of the 8-shaped type small and rather few, scattered over the body but mcst numerous in a narrow zone extending about the lateral margin of the body. Tubular ducts likewise relatively few, of the type shown in Fig. 834A. Anal lobes rather prominent, each bearing one moderately long and two much shorter sete. Anal ring borne at the inner end of a quite deep cleft, apparently at the end of a short invagination, rather small, bearing six slender setee. The mouth of the invagination (Fig. 34B) is surrounded by a narrow chitinous ring. From this ring a chitinized areaextends posteriorly along each side of the cleft. Immature stages not seen. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 251 Material Examined.—Specimens from Leptospermun sp., Australia, de- termined by Froggatt at this species and agreeing in general with the original description. Notes.—Assuming this determination to be correct (as it doubtless is) the original description is in error in the statement that the anal ring is hairless. Also the original description hints at the presence of abdominal spiracles, which are certainly lacking. This species appears to differ from A. mesu@ and A. acacié in the much deeper anal cleft and the form of the chitinized areas about the anal opening. Genus Kuwantna Cockerell. Kuwanina obscurata (Maskell). Fig. 35. Habit.—Occurring in galls which are mere swellings of the bark. Morphological characteristics —Adult female (Fig. 3A) apodous and with the antenne reduced to mere vestiges with three or four minute segments. Form broadly oval or subcircular. Derm everywhere heavily chitinized. Anal opening appearing on the ventral side, small, heavily chitinized and only slightly cellular, bearing six very small spines. The opening is covered by a small, cauda-like flap. Constrictions between the abdominal segments very Fig. 35.—Kuwanina Obscuraia (Maskell); A, adult female, venteral aspect; B, pore-like structures of the intersegmental furrows; C, antenna of first stage; D, antenna of penultimate stage. deep on the dorsal side and extending somewhat to the ventral side. In these constrictions there appear numerous pore-like openings which communicate with invaginations of the derm (Fig. 35B). These invaginations show no evidence of internal pores and are, therefore, hardly to be described as ducts. They are confined to the intersegmental furrows of the abdomen and are most numerous toward the posterior end, forming a continuous, transverse row on the last 252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST four cr five segments. Anterior.to these segments they appear only toward the lateral margins. Abdomen with a few rather stout, conical spines arranged in transverse rows. Spiracles not unusually large, associated with a few very small, circular pores. Behind each of the posterior pair there is a small, cribri- form plate or tubercle. : Penultimate stage-—In form resembling the adult but without the con strictions between the abdominal segments, without the pores in the inter- segmental furrows and less heavily chitinized. Antenne and legs present, the former (Fig. 35C) quite stout, six-segmented, the latter of ordinary character, the tibia somewhat shorter than the tarsus, the claw with a small tooth. Anal ring as in adult but at the tip of the abdomen. Body with a few, scattered conical spines and a very few, small, multilocular pores. First Stage-—Antenne (Fig. 35D) six-segmented, the last three segments each with one or two long, stout, curved spines. Anal ring with six slender sete. Anal lobes each with a single slender seta and two short spines. Derm with a few small, stout spines and multilocular pores. Specimens examined.—From Eucalyptus, New South Wales, Australia. Collected by Kcebele and received by me from Mr. Ehrhorn. They agree in all respects with the original description. Notes.—While it is possible that this species is not strictly congeneric with K. parvus, | am inclined to think that it belongs in the group with that species. It will at least rest better in Kuwanina than in Sphaerococcus. It differs from K. parvus in the nature of the first stage and in the entire absence of the tubular ducts which are a conspicuous feature of K. parvus, while it agrees in the presence of the pair of cribriform plates or tubercles behind the posterior spiracles. Genus EREMOCOCCUS, new genus. Coccide referable to the subfamily Dactylopiine (of the Fernald Catalogue) but of doubtful pcsition within this group. Adult female apodous and with the antennz reduced to mere unsegmented vestiges; anal orifice simple, minute, borne on the dorsum; dorsum of adult flat, heavily chitinous, venter mem- brancus; mouth-parts with internal framework unusually large and heavily chitinized; first stage larva with anal ring small and simple as in adult, with the antenne composed cf a single very large segment (and possibly one or two minute basal segments), with the anal lobes obsolete and not marked by a long seta. Dorsal ostioles lacking; tubular ducts lacking. Type of the genus, Sphaerococcus pirogallis Maskell. Notes.—I am unable to throw any light on the relationships of this genus. I would suggest that possibly its nearest relatives are to be sought for in such forms as Sphaerococcopsis and Pseudoripersia. Eremococcus pirogallis (Maskell). Fig. 36. Habit.—Enclosed within a small, pear-shaped gall which has a minute opening at one side near the base. The insect lies in a saucer-like elevation at the far end of the gall. J Morphological characteristics.—In addition to the characters given in the - description of the genus I may add the following. The female of the early adult stage is entirely membranous but at maturity the dorsum becomes heavily — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST yas chitinized and the venter becomes much expanded (Fig. 36A). This dorsal, chitinized area is destitute of spines and pores except around its margin where there are numerous slender sete and pores of the type shown in (Fig. 36B). There are also numerous setz about the vaginal orifice. The antenne (or what appear to be the antennz) are a pair of small, tubular, wrinkled, chitinous structures, usually appearing behind the mouth-parts and presenting no traces of segmentation. The internal framework of the mouth-parts in unusually Fig. 36.—Eremococcus pirogallis (Maskell); A, adult female, from dorsal aspect; B, type of pore. large, and the rostrum is borne upon a prominence, the derm of which presents a somewhat papillate appearance. I have been unable to detect any trace of tubular ducts. The first stage larva is as described under the genus. My material is not in sufficiently good condition to permit the presentation of figures. Material examined.—Specimens from Froggatt and from Ehrhorn, de- termined as this species and agreeing with the original description. WILSONIA—A CORRECTION. A curious case of lapse of memory occurs in my article, Canadian Ento- mologist, Vol. LI, p. 212. Although I know several species of Wilsonta I used this name for a genus of Aphids. Both Dr. Cockerell and Mr. Criddle have called my attention to it. It is inexcusable. I herewith substitute the name Dilachnus. A. C. BAKER. 254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A NEW OAK GALL FROM ARIZONA. (HYMEN., CYNIPID4). BY LEWIS H. WELD, EVANSTON, ILL. Andricus splendens, n. sp. Female.—Head a clear, dark red, finely shagreened, with whitish hairs on lower face and cheeks, slightly broadened behind the eyes, concave behind. Eyes black, bare, coarsely granulate. Antenne 14-segmented, the third and fourth slender and equal, the last slightly longer than the next to last, distal half darker. Palpi 5- and 3-segmented. Mesonotum reddish with a median black area enclosing the two anterior parallel lines and a smooth, black area over base of each wing (but sometimes almost uniformly infuscated). It is one and a half times as long as the width of the head, its surface finely coriaceous (best seen in balsam mount) with scattered punctures bearing short whitish hairs. Scutéllum is rugose behind with setigerous punctures, has a medio- dorsal smoothish area behind the two distinct black polished shallow pits and a steep triangular impression on each side. Mesopleure polished, bare except for pubescent area above. Legs lighter in colour, yellowish, with middle and hind coxz infuscated, hind femur normal, tarsal claws small but in balsam showing a distinct tooth. Wings hyaline with distinct brown veins, surface short brown pubescent and margin short ciliate. Median segment with two distinct outwardly curved ridges enclosing a smooth area which is narrowed at the top. Abdomen darker, smooth and polished, not compressed, as deep as long and with a pubescent area on each side at base. Ventral spine about three times as long as broad, slightly pubescent. Ovipositor (when dissected out) a little longer than length of antenna, eggs well developed, nearly globular with long pedicel. Using the width of head in widest part in balsam mount as a base the length of wing ratio is 4.61-4.78; length of antenna ratio 2.75- 2.93; length of ovipositor 2.71-3.00. Range in length of 350 dry specimens measured by optical methods to nearest tenthof amillimeter was 1.3-2.4mm. Other constantsforthe group were calculated. Mode 1.950 mm. Mean 1.926-0.007. Median 1.933-0.008. Standard deviation 0.181-0.005. Coefficient of variability 9.40%-0.24%. Average deviation from median 0.147 mm. Quartile deviation 0.127 mm. Described from two balsam slides, 84 pinned specimens and others in vial dry. Type and paratypes in U.S.N.M. Type No. 22328. Paratypes de- posited also in N. Y. State, American, Cornell, Field and Harvard Museums, and with Wm. Beutenmuller and author. Related to Andricus rileyi Ashm. (to which it runs in the Dalla Torre and Kieffer key in Das Tierreich) which is a larger species from east of the Rockies without a tooth on tarsal claw. Type Locality.—Prescott, Ariz. Host.—Quercus grisea Lieb. Gall.—Single or scattered on the under side of leaf. Cylindrical with ends and middle slightly swollen, 2 mm. in diameter and 3-5 mm. high, covered with short stout blunt spines from which run faint decurrent ridges. Sessile, often lop-sided, spines more numerous on basal third. The rosy red colour with a straw yellow band.around the middle and some yellow at either end, together November, 1919 > THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST psi) with its crystalline appearance make it a very beautiful ee and suggest the name. The basal third is solid, then comes the thin-walled larval cell in the middle of the gall leaving the distal third or more tubular with the open end slightly flaring. The exit hole is made into the hollow portion. The gall was figured by Dr.E.P. Felt in his paper on ‘“‘Gall Insects in their Relation to Plants” in Sci.Mo. 6:515, Fig. g (June,1918), and again in the Ottawa Naturalist 32:130, Fig. g, and was also characterized by him under the above manuscript name in his “Key to Am. Insect Galls’’ in Bull. N. Y. State Mus. 200:106. Habitat.—The species was first brought to my attention by three specimens sent by Dr. Felt, collected by Messrs. Bethel and Hedgcock two miles S.W. of Prescott, Ariz., in the fall of 1917. These were cut open on Dec. 5, 1917, and gave three living adults, one of which was selected as the type.- On Apr. 11, 1918, while collecting for the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Division of Forest Insects, I took galls near Williams, Ariz., on a hillside N.W. of Supai siding, and flies began to emerge before Apr. 16. On Apr. 13, 1918, a lot more were taken near Prescott, and flies emerged by Apr. 20 and continued to come out until the last of May. The larve evidently transform to adults in the fall but remain in the galls all winter and emerge the next spring. An alternating sexual generation produced in an early summer gall is suspected but not known. The U. S. National Museum possesses galls of this species, found on an unknown oak from Durengo, Mexico. Ge CATORAMA NIGRITULUM Lec.,} AND ITS FUNGUS HOST. BY HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.]. This member of the family Ptinide was recently found at Springfield and Monmouth Junction, N.J., breeding in the sporophore or fruiting body of Fomes applanatus.2, Smith*® records it only from Woodbury, July 7 (Brn.) and Blatchley* states that it is scarce in Vermillion and Lawrence counties, Indiana, May 24~-June 13. Fall in his ‘‘Revision of the Ptinide of Boreal America’’® records it as occurring in Mass., D.C., Va., W. Va., Ohio, Mich., Tenn., Miss., — Territory and Texas, and writes as follows about the genus Catorama,—'‘‘very little is known as yet concerning the life-habits of the species of this genus. Certain species are known to inhabit galls while others have been found in the seeds or stems of various plants.”’ At Springfield, N.J., on April 8, several specimens of the beetle were taken from the fungus Fomes applanatus. More than a month later,or on May 30, numerous adults, several pupez and many larve of all sizes were found in an- other specimen of the same fungus at Monmouth Junction, N.J. Both the context and tubes of the fungus were bored by the insects, but most of the feeding appeared to have taken place in the tubes. The pupal cells also were found in the tubes. Fomes applanatus (Pers.) Wallr., occurs on old logs and stumps of de- ciduous trees in various parts of New Jersey. Overholts in his ‘‘ Polyporacee 1. Kindly identified-by Mr. C. W. Leng. 2. Kindly identified by Mr. Erdman West. 3. Insects of New Jersey, N. J. State Museum Report, 1909, p. 307. 4. Coleoptera of Indiana, p. 880. S.- tie. Am. Ent. Soc., a eae 1905, p.’97—296. November, 1919 256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of the Middle. Western States’’® records it from Mich., Ohio, Ky., Ind., IIL, Wis., Minn., lowa, Mo., Kan., Neb., N. Dak. Heald’ describes a disease of the cottonwood due to Fomes applanatus, but Von Schrenk and Spaulding® consider it as a saprophytic form. Full-grown larva.—Length 2.5 mm. to 3 mm. Width 1 mm. Colour whitish or dirty white; body soft, curved, resembling a miniature white-grub, strongly convex above and flattened beneath, skin transversely wrinkled. Head whitish, mouth-parts dark. Body and head sparsely hairy. Median dorsal surface of thoracic segments elevated into a distinct ridge. This ridge not as pronounced in immature larve. Dorsal portion of abdominal segments supplied with transverse group of minute stiff hairs or spines. Fewer similar spines on dorsal surfaces of thoracic segments. Legs short and weak. Pupa.—Length 2.2 mm. Width 1.4 mm. Suboval, white or yellowish white, smooth. Posterior end prolonged into a somewhat flattened blunt process armed at each posterior, lateral edge with a transverse leg-like ap- pendage, each appendage terminated by a chitinous hook. Adult.—Catorama nigritulum Lec., (Proc. Phil. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1865, 241). The following description is by Blatchley. ‘‘Elongate-oval, moderately robust, less than twice as long as wide, not narrowed behind. Black or piceous; pubes- cence sparse and very fine. Head and thorax finely, closely and evenly punctulate without intermixed ccarser punctures. Elytra finely punctulate with scattered larger punctures. Eighth antennal joint broadly triangular. Length 1.7-2.4 mm.” =o A NEW SPECIES OF PHORID FROM ILLINOIS (DIPTERA). BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. The species described herein was taken by me in 1918, and the type is deposited in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. Beckerina luteola, sp. n. Female.—Testaceous yellow, shining; third antennal joint orange yellow; frons brownish; dorsum of thorax with 3 faint reddish vitte; pleura with a small, dark spot below base of wing; dorsum of abdomen except the anterior and pcstericr margins of each segment brown; apices of hind femora infuscated ; wings clear, veins pale brown; halteres yellow. Frons about 1.5 as broad as long, the surface with sparse, erect setule in addition to the strong bristles; preocellar series of bristles almost straight, second series following contour of anterior margin of frons, slightly curved; postantennals two in number, divergent, erect, moderately strong; third antennal joint rounded, about one-fourth as large as eye; arista longer than width of frons, pubescent; palpus larger than third antennal joint, with a few bristles along lower margin; proboscis short, stout, fleshy. Dcrsum of thorax with dense, short, pale hairs; scutellum much broader than long, with two bristles; mesopleura bare. Abdomen with a few weak bristles on lateral margins of second and third dorsal segments. Legs stout; fore tarsi slender; all tibiz 6. Wash. Univ. Studies, Vol. III, Part 1, No. 1. 7. Nebr. Agr. Sta. Rept. 19; p. 92-100, 1906. 8. U.S. Bur. Plant Industry, Bul. 149, p. 58. November, 1919 Tea Cee Oe ep ts OTE ere ee ee ae ru . es. rs i" + THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 257 rounded, without dorsal setulae. Costa extending nearly to middle of wing, noticeably thickened from near base to apex, the setule rather close, not much longer than diameter of costa, first section slightly longer than 2+3, third about half as long as second; fourth vein arcuate, ending well in front of apex of wing; — all thin veins evanescent at apices. Length 2.25 mm. Type.—Cobden, Ill., May 9, 1918. One specimen. This species differs from the only described North American one, orphne- philoides Malloch, in being yellow instead of black, in the armature of the frons, and the much shorter costal vein. A BUTTERFLY NEW TO KANSAS. BY HORACE GUNTHROP, WASHBURN COLLEGE, TOPEKA, KANS. The capture of a specimen of Eresat texana Edwards in the city of Topeka by Prof. W. A. Harshbarger on October 24, 1918, adds a new species to the list of Kansas butterflies. The specimen, a female, was caught on a hedge,on West Sixth St., near the city limits. According to Holland*, this species: ranges from Texas into Mexico, so its presence as far north as Kansas must be looked upon as accidental rather than as an extension of its normal range. It is probable that the chrvsalis was carried here upen some shipment of goods on the railroad, or by some other human agency. ‘ ——— PISCATORIAL ENTOMOLOGY. Entomologists not familiar with the classification of insects more or less current among fly fishermen, may be interested in a brief review of the subject based chiefly on an American book. The classification rests essentially upon the works of various English fly-fishermen but has been applied to American insects, worked out and illustrated in the book to which we refer, namely, ‘‘American Trout-Stream Insects,” by Louis Rhead (1916). The names for insects orders which differ most from those in ordinary use among entomologists are: drakes for the may-flies, browns for the stone-flies, duns for the caddis-flies, and spinners for the crane-flies. The nomenclature of species is more or less fanciful, for instance: brown buzz, nobby spinner, yellow sally, black dose. However, names of this sort cannot be entirely ignored by entomologists for among them are some genuine vernacular terms, viz., redbug for Aphodius fimetarius in the Catskill region of New York. Since common names for insects are so rare, yet desirable, all those actually in use should be noted. Fishermen are not to be severely criticized for inventing a classification and nomenclature especially adapted to their special needs, but it should rest upon accurate observation, and reasons urged for adopting it should be the real and perhaps justifiable ones, honestly stated, not unfounded allegations regarding the lack or unreliability of scientific system. *W. J. Holland. The Butterfly Book. New York, 1904. November, 1919 258 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The author here reviewed commits all these errors, and his book would have been better without them. As examples of mistakes in observation, we n —— So ee may point out the following: April Insect Chart., Fig. 1. The figure is said to represent one of the Trichoptera, which it illustrates with a caudal appendage having two pairs of branches, something no North American insect of any order has. May Insect Chart, Fig. 14. A crane-fly is drawn with netted venation a character which the artist should have restricted to his browns, duns and drakes, August Insect Chart, Fig. 14. This ‘‘fluffy spinner,”’ said to be one” of the Diptera, but is drawn with only four legs (all insects having six). The original of this sketch probably was a Pterophorid moth. The author speaks a number of times of his faithful representations of the insects and especially of getting the colours true, but to those accustomed to good entomological illus. trations, these are crude, and the colours, as reproduced unsatisfactory. Now, as to reasons for not adopting the classification of scientists Mr. Rhead says: ‘‘European entomologists have divided insects into various orders; each season finds them making new classifications so conflicting as to bewilder the lay mind,” (p. XVII). Taxonomy has had to bear many reproaches, but this is the first we recall, to the effect that the insect orders are changed each season. Other reasons given by the author for disregarding scientific classi- fications are expressed in the following sentences: ‘‘I was asked by an angling expert who was examining my drawings, ‘‘Why don’t you give the proper Latin names to each fly?’ My answer was, “I would do so, but no ento- mologist has yet made any effort to classify American trout insects into orders or divisions, families and species as has been done in France and England.” (p.. 102): It appears, therefore, that the works of Hagen and of Banks, culminating in the latter’s catalogue of the Neuropteroid Insects (1907), which includes all the browns, duns and drakes of Rhead, go for nothing, so far as this author is concerned. Similarly, the works of Osten-Sacken, and of Alexander and the Aldrich Catalogue of Diptera (1905) take care of all of his spinners and other flies, but he knows it not. Our author makes the remarkable statement also that “Inquiries from— various State entomologists failed to locate a single volume or treatise on trout- stream insects’’ (p. VII). He surely did not inquire of his own State ento- mologist, for the fact is, that New York State issued long before the date of Rhead’s work two very valuable and well illustrated reports on this very sub- ject. These are Needham and Betten’s ‘‘Aquatic Insects in the Adirondacks’”’ (1901), and ‘‘ Aquatic Insects in New York State,’’ by Needham, MacGillivray, Johannsen and Davis (1903). The shorter papers bearing more or less on trout stream insects, and publications on kindred topics are numerous. Another work entitled ‘Fishing with floating flies’ (S. G. Camp, 1913), varies somewhat from the book reviewed in nomenclature of insects, calling the May-flies duns and the caddis-flies sedges. It has the commendable feature, however, of quoting most of its entomological material from a standard work, namely Kellogg’s ‘‘American Insects” (1905).—W. L. MCATEE. . a - S ig _— aa * Pe: oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 259 oS RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. CLASS BOOK OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY—By Wm. Lochhead, (P. Blakiston’s Son & Co., Philadelphia). : This compact book of 436 pages, many of them in reduced type, covers a wider scope of Entomology than any text book we have seen. Part I (65 pages) deals with the structure, growth and economics of insects: and is of special interest and value, not only because it describes in much more detail than usual the external and internal anatomy—especially the various types of mouth-parts—but also because it brings together in a clear and concise way much valuable data on such interesting subjects as beneficial insects, dis- tribution of insects, insects and disease, and methods of studying insects. Part II contains tables for the identification of insects injurious to farm, garden and orchard crops, separate tables being made for each host plant. Cross references are also given with each insect to the pages in the latter part cf the- book where such insect is described in more detail. This enables the student to verify his determinations. Tables of this nature though difficult to construct and seldom satisfactory would appear to be a valuable feature in a book of this nature. Part III, the main part of the book (280 pages), deals with the classification, description and control of common insects. The old classification has been revised and brought up to date. Each order is treated in considerable detail and keys given not only to the families likely to be met with by the student, but also in many cases to the genera and in a few cases to the most common species. These keys should prove a boon to teacher and student. Under each family the insects of economic importance are described and an account given of their life-history and the method of control. The total number of insects thus dealt with is large, possibly somewhat larger than necessary. ; Towards the end of this part a few pages are assigned to the near relatives of insects, especially such pests as red spiders, sow-bugs, millipedes, slugs and eelworms. Control measures for these are also indicated. Part IV discusses, in a general way, the control of injurious insects under such subjects as factors of control, cultural or preventive methods, artificial methods, insecticides, spraying, etc. Although there are 257 illustrations, all of them good and valuable, more would have added to the merits of the book even though this meant an increase in size. The compilation of a work of this nature, embracing so many aspects of Entomology, must have involved an enormous amount of labour and time, and the author is to be congratulated on the clear, concise way in which he has accomplished his task. The book has many merits and should be of great assistance in furthering the study of Entomology. Its chief defect so far as one can judge without having tested it in the class-room, would appear to be that an attempt has been made to include too many subjects, and while most of these have been well treated, the so-called strictly economic aspect of the work—the life-histories ‘and control measures—have been somewhat sacrificed to the necessity for brevity. L. CAESAR. 260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF Nova SCOTIA FOR 1918.— . No. 4. February, 1919. 89 pp., 7 plates. In this volume we again have proof of the vigorous condition of our Mari- time Branch. It contains 13 papers, many of which are important contributions to Canadian Entomology. Six of these papers deal mainly with the life-histories of particular insects, four with general questions of natural and artificial control, while only one is strictly taxonomic. The following is a list of these papers:— f A few notes on ant history and habits. By Rev. H. J. Fraser. Pp. 6-9. The meaning of Natural Control. By John D. Tothill. Pp. 10-14. An analysis of the factors operating in the natural control of Lepidoptera, with special reference to the Forest Tent Caterpillar and the Fall Webworm in New Brunswick. Tables are. given, showing the average history of an egg- mass of each of these species during certain years. Further notes on the Apple Maggot (1918). By W.H. Brittain. Pp. 15-23. In this paper tables are given to show the dates of emergence of 640 adults during the season of 1918, with maximum and minimum temperatures and associated climatic conditions. The time of emergence in early spring is prac- tically the same, whether the season is early or late. Two other tables give dates of emergence according to the variety of apples infested. Experiments were also made to determine the length of the pre-oviposition period, under conditions of control in cages and in the open. It is shown that in certain orchards formerly infested by the apple maggot, but which were rid of the pest by spraying, these insects are now increasing, owing to the orchards having been untreated for two years. The Salt Marsh Caterpillar (Estigmene acraea Drury). By H. G. Payne. Pp. 24-31. A-detailed account of the life-history of this “‘woolly-bear,’’ with descriptions of all the stages and a table giving dates of hatching, lengths of instars and other data on the seasonal history. The paper is illustrated by an excellent half-tone from a photograph. A Copper Dust. By G. E. Sanders and A. Kelsall. Pp. 32-87. Gives the results of experiments with a mixture of powdered dehydrated copper sulphate, arsenate of lime and hydrated lime, containing 5 per cent. of metallic copper and 2 per cent. of metallic arsenic. Methods of preparation, storage and cost are also discussed. According to laboratory tests this mixture does not decrease the killing value of arsenicals to the same extent as liquid Bordeaux. Late. potato blight was effectively controlled by it. Notes on the life-history and immature stages of three common Chrysimelids: By W. E. Whitehead. Pp. 38-50. The species discussed are Disonycha 5- vittata, Chrysomela scalaris and Gastroidea polygoni, all of which are illustrated on plates 2 and 3. Full data on the seasonal history of each is given in tabu- lated form. A modified Bordeaux mixture for use in apple spraying. By G. E. Sanders. and W. H. Brittain. Pp. 51-61. An extended discussion of the properties and actions of the various formule used in the preparation of Bordeaux mixture, particularly with reference to the proportion of lime in its effect on the mixture as a fungicide. Conclusions believed to be correct for Nova Scotian conditions are given on pp. 59-60. Se Re ee ge ey ee eee vs ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 261 Some notes on Olene vagans B. and McD. in Nova Scotia. By W. H. Brittain and H. G. Payne. Pp. 62-68. Gives a full description of the life-history of ‘this little-known tussock moth, with tables giving duration of stages. These are well illustrated on plate 4, from a photograph. Some miscellaneous observations on the origin and present use of some in- secticides and fungicides. By G. E. Sanders and A. Kelsall. Pp. 69-75. A useful article dealing with the properties and uses of the more important in- secticides and fungicides, with particular reference to Nova Scotian practices. Notes on Lygus campestris Linn. in Nova Scotia. By W. H. Brittain. Pp. 76-81. Discusses the distribution, host plants, injurious habits, life- history and control of this Mirid. The stages are illustrated on plate 5: Life-History and immature stages of Abbottana clemataria, Smith and Abbott. By H. G. Payne. Pp. 82-85. The various stages are shown on plate 6, from a photograph. Key for determining the Crambine of Nova Scotia. By E. Chesley Allen. Pp. 86-88. The key is based chiefly on the colour-pattern, and the 20 species listed are all illustrated on plate 7 by life-sized figures. A treehopper new to our list. By W.H. Brittain. P.89. Gives notes on Enchenopa binotata Say, recorded from Nova Scotia for the first time. Tue Apple Bup-MoTHS AND THEIR ContTrRoL IN Nova Scorta. By G. E. Sanders and A. G. Dustan. Bull. 16, (Technical Series), Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture. March 1, 1919. 39 pp., 14 figs. in text. This is a very thorough account of the habits and methods of control of the four commonest and most injurious species of Bud-moths found in the apple orchards of Nova Scotia, viz., the Eye-spotted Bud-moth (7 metocera ocellana), the Oblique-banded Leaf-roller (Cacoecia rosaceana), the Lesser Bud- moth (Recurvaria nanella) and the Green Bud-moth (Argyroploce consanguinana): “The bud-moths are the most serious orchard insects in Nova Scotia, probably causing more injury to apple orchards than all the other insect enemies com- bined. ‘‘It is estimated that in unsprayed or poorly sprayed orchards in Nova Scotia they reduce the crop about 30 per cent. About 75 per cent. of the bud- moths can be destroyed and the crops increased about 22.5 per cent. by two thorough applications of poisoned spray applied before the blossoms open, with a nozzle throwing a coarse driving spray. “Open planting and thorough pruning help in the control of the bud- moths by allowing the wind to blow away and destroy many of the adults when they are on the wing in June and July.” The Eye-spotted Bud-moth is by far the most important of the four species, over 90 per cent. of the ldarve infesting buds being usually of this species. Considerable difference exists in the susceptibility of different varieties of apple to bud-moth injury, the varieties having wrinkled twigs being almost invariably more heavily infested than those with smooth twigs, owing to the better hibernating quarters offered by the former to the half-grown larve. Accurate data are given on the injuries to the buds and set of fruit, e. g., _ the exact reduction in the set as determined by counts of infested blossom clusters in the same variety of apple in the same orchard; the comparative size of the 262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST apples from infested and uninfested clusters; the relation between spring and fall injury, etc. The control of bud-moths is discussed at length, the measures recom- mended being based on a long series of experiments on different varieties of apple, using different sprays and nozzles. The latter part of the paper is taken up, with the detailed descriptions: life-history and habits of the four species discussed. THE FRuIT WorMS OF THE APPLE IN Nova Scotia. By G. E. Sanders and A. G. Dustan. Bull. 17 (Technical Series), Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture. March 1, 1919. 28 pp., 9 figs. in text. The fruit worms discussed in this report are the larve of a number of Noctuid moths belonging to the genera Graptolitha, Conistra and Xylena. They are important enemies of the apple in Nova Scotia, and the damage which they effect by eating into the young fruit or the set of the apples causes the dropping of about 72 per cent. of the injured fruit and the deforming of about 78 per cent. of the remainder. The commonest species is Graptolitha bethunet. The life-history of the various species is so similar that a general account is given which applies to all. The moths appear in the autumn, hibernate and deposit their eggs on the twigs of the apple during May. ‘These eggs hatch about the time the apple buds are beginning to show pink. The larve feed for two first two weeks on apple leaves and blossoms, and drop to the ground very readily when disturbed. After the first two weeks the larve feed more on the fruit than the leaves, causing an immense amount of injury.”’ Pupation takes place in the ground in early July. Fruit worms are difficult insects to poison, and their control is largely mechanical. The authors find that an arsenical spray applied immediately before the blossoms is the most valuable, while that applied immediately after the blossoms comes next in importance. The pre-blossom spray should be applied at a high velocity in serious outbreaks: The latter part of the report consists of descriptions of the earlier stages of the nine species of fruit worms discussed. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BOT-FLIES, GASTROPHILUS IN- TESTINALIS, DEG., G. HAEMORRHOIDALIS, L., AND G. NASALIS, L. By S. Hadwen. D.V.S., (Dominion Pathologist, Health of Animals Branch) and A. E. Cameron, M.A., D. Sc., F.E.S. (Technical Assistant, Entomological Branch), Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. Bull. Ent. Research, Vol. IX, pt. 2, Sept., 1918. An investigation into the life-histories and habits of the three species of horse bot-flies that occur in the western provinces. Detailed descriptions are given of the eggs and the manner of their deposition, the young larve and their method of entering the host. Experimental evidence is given to show that the eggs of G. nasalis and G. haemorrhoidalis are capable of hatching spon- taneously, and that the larve probably penetrate directly into the integument of their host. The eggs of G. intestinalis, on the other hand, require moisture se eS eee " ee eee ee eT oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST - 263 and friction in order to hatch, and the larve experimented with failed to enter the skin but succeeded in entering the buccal mucosa. The distribution of these flies in Canada, the habits of the adults and the period of activity is also discussed. As a preventive measure against the attacks of G. haemorrhoidalis a nose fringe is recommended, consisting of a leather band around the nose and cut. into strips long enough to cover the lips of the horse. An additional flap is attached to the band to protect the nose, and a piece of canvas, extending from the nose band to the throat, may be used to ward off attacks of G. nasalis. Some NEw SPECIES OF TACHINID# From Inp1A.—By John D. Tothill. Bull. Ent. Research, Vol. IX, pt. 1, May, 1918. Pp. 47-60, with 16 text figures. This paper gives descriptions and figures of eight new species of Tachinid flies, which constitute the major part of a collection received from Dr. A. D. Imms. They belong to the genera Gymnochaeta, Servillia (2 species), Gonia, Paraphania, Chaetoplagia, Frontina and Lophosia. Some NoTEs ON THE NATURAL CONTROL OF THE OYSTER-SHELL SCALE (LEPI- DOSAPHES ULMI L.). By John D. Tothill. Bull. Ent. Research, Vol. IX, pt. 3, March, 1919. Pp. 183-196, 7 figs. in text. This study is based on an examination of about 18,000 egg-masses collected between September, 1916, and April, 1917, from representative places through- out Canada. It was found that the most important single factor in the control of this scale is the predaceous mite Hemisarcoptes malus Shimer, a species of European origin, which feeds upon both the eggs and the growing scales. In some locali- ties, e. g., Moncton, N.B., where the scale has been very abundant, it has been almost exterminated by the mite. In British Columbia, on the other hand, it has not yet been found. “As hundreds of the mites can be sent through the mail on an apple twig it should be possible to colonize it in scale-infested places and countries where it may prove to be absent from the local fauna.”’ Other important factors in the control of the summer stages of the scale are overcrowding of the scales and the Hymenopterous parasite A phelinus mytilaspidis LeBaron, which in one locality was found to have destroyed 75 per cent. of the scales. E. M. W. (To be continued.) CORRECTION (APHIDID£:). _ lam obliged to Dr. A. C. Baker for the information that Heteroneura, recently described by the writer in Canadian Entomologist, (1919, page 228) as a new genus to include A phis setariz Thos., is preoccupied. I am, therefore, proposing a new name, namely, Hysteroneura, as a substitute for Heteroneura. Joun J. Davis. 264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NOTES ON THE LARCH CASE BEARER (COLEOPHORA LARICELLA HBN.). BY H. T. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS. During the present season (1919)the Larch’ Case Bearer has made its ap- pearance in Northampton, Mass., apparently at the same place where it ap- peared in 1886, as recorded by Hagen (Can. Ent., XVIII, 125). A number of good-sized larches have been injured, the outer half of the leaf being thoroughly mined, causing the trees to look quite badly. By the middle of June all work was at an end and no moths could be found, and it is probable that at this time the insect was in the pupa stage. On July 18th another examination was made, and eggs and newly-hatched larvee were found in abundance. The egg is rather dome-shaped, its diameter at the base being about .8 mm., and its height the same or slightly less. It is of a grayish or brownish colour, apparently determined by the age of the embryo within, the more advanced eggs being darker. The centre of the top © is irregularly roughened and about a dozen ridges diverge from. this area toward the margin of the egg, the exact number of ridges varying somewhat in different examples. The surface between the ridges is minutely roughened, resembling the surface of an orange. The egg may be placed on either side of the leaf, but most frequently upon the upper one, and somewhere on its outer half. The larva on hatching appears to enter the leaf, and forms its mine along ~ one edge, working sometimes toward the tip, sometines in the other direction. At this time no trace of a thoracic shield could be found in any of the specimens examined, though quite high power lenses of a compound microscope were used, nor were any prolegs or spines on the body visible, except two or three of the latter on the head and prothorax, so small as to be extremely difficult to locate. The general colour of the larva was brown, but under the microscope appeared mottled with dark reddish. Unfortunately, it was not possible to carry the observations farther. Mailed Novemober 20th, 1919 5 a ; a . ty 7 ae a. eS oe, ee The Canadian Entomologist VoL. LI. LONDON, DECEMBER, 1919. No. 12 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. FURTHER REMARKS ON COLLEMBOLA. BY CHARLES MACNAMARA, ARNPRIOR, ONTARIO.* (Continued from page 245.) and more grateful air, come out in constantly increasing multitudes. Experiments showed that a temperature of zero Fahrenheit killed Achorutes socialis in less than an hour, while at 5° F. they survived indefinitely. But although 5° F. seems to do them no harm, they never expose themselves volun- tarily to that degree of cold. The lowest temperature at which I have seen them on the surface was 18° F., and that was very exceptional. Asa rule they do not appear until the thermometer approaches 25° F., and from 30° F. up- wards they reach their greatest abundance. Their reaction to a rising tempera ture is rapid. Even when the snow lies two feet deep or more, they are out within an hour or so after the milder weather begins, and after 24 hours cf thaw they may be looked for in large numbers. No marked difference in response to temperature changes can be noticed between the various snow frequenters, and usually three or four different species can be found at the same time. In this district Achorutes socialis is generally in excess of all the others, but oc casionally, for some reason or another, the mild weather fails to attract it, and Isotoma nigra or I. macnamarat may be the predominant species on the snow. Outside of temperature, the other weather conditions have little influence on them. Provided the day is mild, they come out as readily in wind, pouring rain cr heavy snow as in calm sunshine. During a snow-storm it is interesting to watch how they keep constantly climbing to the surface in order to avoid being buried by the falling flakes. It is quite possible that sometimes the insects reach the surface by com- ing up straight through the snow. Their integument is far too delicate for any forceful burrowing, but snow lying loosely as it falls, always has interstices between its particles amply wide enough for the free passage of these minute creatures. This mode of emergence, however, cannot very often be used in mid-winter, for generally the snow stratum, when it attains any thickness, includes one or more layers of crust that are quite impervious to the soft-bodied springtail. Nevertheless, another exit is open to them. Around every stalk of grass, brushwood stem, tree trunk or other object projecting through the snow, there is always a clear space, no matter how deep the snow, resulting partly from the shrinkage of the snow as it settles, and partly from the radiation of absorbed heat by the object. It is from these sally-ports that the snow- flea hosts principally issue. * We regret the awkward division of Mr. Macnamara’s article. Through an unfortunate oversight the concluding sentence of the first part in the November number was left unfinished. 265 266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST = — ao — This method of reaching the surface together with other snow habits of the insect were well illustrated in an enormous outbreak of Achorutes socialis. Uzel that I observed one day in February, and which may be taken as a good example of snow appearances in general. But here, in order to explain how I came on the insects on this occasion, I must make a slight digression. Achorutes socialis has a strong and distinctive but inconstant smell. I have never seen any reference to it in literature, but Dr. Folsom tells me that he has noticed it both from A. socialis and from the closely allied A. packardt. It is not easy to describe, but it reminds me most of the smell of that favourite fruit-salad of the small boy: a slice of raw turnip. Sometimes the scent can be caught from half a dozen captives in a vial, at other times a hundred of them give off no appreciable odour whatever. Similarly, during an extensive emergence, sometimes no smell at all can be noticed, and sometimes it is so strong that it is possible to discover an outbreak of the insects by the sense of smell alone. The first time I experienced this I was walking through a hardwood bush one morning in December, and not thinking particularly of springtails, when it suddenly occurred to me that a few moments before I had smelled Achoriutes socialis. I retraced my steps, and about 50 feet back there they were to one side of my path, coming out of a mossy log in thick, blue-black agglomerations. It was in the same way that I discovered the insects this day in February. A favcurite winter trail of mine at one place goes down the middle of a beaver meadow about half a mile long by 200 yards wide, through which in summer a small, sluggish stream meanders to a sandy bay of the Ottawa River. The meadow is bordered by an open growth of moisture-loving shrubs and trees, such as speckled alders, black and white ashes and soft maples. These occupy a strip a couple of hundred feet wide, and on the drier ground behind, cedars, spruces, hemlocks and pines are mixed with elms and hard maples. The temperature had been above freezing point for the preceding 24 hours, and three inches of wet snow had fallen in the night, bringing the total depth on the ground up to 18 inches. At noon the thermometer stood at 36° F., the sky was overcast, and the relative humidity was 91 per cent. It was not the kind cf day that most people would chocse for a snow-shoe tramp fer the snow was very wet and the going heavy, but it was ideal snow-flea weather, so I was out bright and early. There was the usual sprinkling of Jsotomas in the drier woods and Achorutes in the damper situations, but I found nothing out of the common until I reached the beaver meadow. Here, while pursuing my ac- customed track, as I paused a moment to pick up a specimen, in an instant I caught the familiar smell of Achorutes socialis, wind-borne from the south side of the meadow. I followed up the scent and among the ashes and soft maples I found them. They were coming up to the surface through the spaces in the snow around the trees and shrubs, some climbing the snow wall, and some the trunks and stems. Most of the latter sprang off on to the snow, but a good many remained on the trees, and either gathered in blue patches here and there or went wander- ing up the trunk, although not to any height, for above 10 feet I could find none. The principal area cf emergence was between 50 ft. and 100 ft. wide, and extended all along the south side of the marsh,—a distance of about 800 yards. Over this space there were from 50 to 100 insects to the square foot. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 267 Their movements as usual seemed to lack decision, but the net effect of their apparently purposeless walking and aimless leaping was to spread them out from under the trees in the direction of the light, and they thinned out towards the open meadow into successive bands of approximately 25, 10 and 5 insects to the square foot, until at last in the middle of the marsh only an occasional jumper was to be seen. While the boundary of this edge of the outbreak was indefinite, the other edge, as I had often noticed before in similar cases, ended sharply at the dark evergreens, and not a snow-flea was to be found in the shadows beneath these trees. The insects are evidently possessed of a positive phototropism, although it does not work with the accuracy and directness of the similar tropism of a great many other invertebrates. Another factor in snow-flea distribution is the wind. I once saw the insects blown out on the snow in a long comet tail radiating from the base of an ironwood around which they were emerging during a strong wind, and on this occasion I am sure the fresh southerly breeze aided their spread over the meadow. By pacing the distances and carefully estimating the average number of insects to the square foot, I calculated that there were not less than 9,000,000 to 10,000,000 A. socialis disporting themselves on the snow along this narrow half-mile strip. They were of a well-grown generation, most of them reaching a length of 1.5 mm. with here and there a few 2 mm. individuals, which is the maximum length of the species. A. socialis seldom pays any attention to the close approach of the observer, but this day they were more alert than usual, and when I bent to examine a crowded alder stem with my magnifying glass, the occupants all flung themselves off on to the snow,and when, in focusing a wide procession wandering up a tree, I brought my face close to the trunk, a rain of the insects pattered down on my cheek and ear, and the raw turnip “smell was very evident. It was 11 o’clock in the morning when I reached the beaver meadow, and up to 5 p.m. there was no very apparent change in numbers or distribution of the multitude. They kept ceaselessly crawling and leaping, but without seem- ing to get anywhere in particular. About 5 o’clock, however, a slightly lower temperature set in, and with the first cool breath, the insects began to leave the surface by insinuating themselves between the snow particles, and by 5.30, when I had to leave for home, the numbers visible were noticeably diminished. The temperature was still above freezing, and it was evidently the downward trend and not the absolute degree that drove them to shelter. For although the thermometer registered no lower than 28° F. during the night, and stood at 31° at 9 o’clock next morning—temperatures at which the insects often emerge abundantly—when I got back to the marsh about half past nine, not a single Achorutes was to be found on the trees, and 95 per cent. of those on the snow had disappeared, as I ascertained by counting the few individuals remain- ing on areas I had marked out the day before. In the course of the next few days I visited the place several times to study the further behaviour of the insects, and my observations may be conveniently summarized as follows: When the colder and drier weather drives the snow-fleas to shelter, those on the trees and shrubs reach the soil by walking down the way they came up. The insects on the snow, however, show no tendency whatever to go back to 268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the openings by which they reached the surface, they simply work their way into the snow wherever they may be. Probably when the bed of snow is shallow and soft, they soon get down to the ground, but on this occasion their progress earthwards was decidedly slow. For more than a week after they had left the surface they were still to be found scattered through the snow at various depths. Trenches dug in the snow at several points revealed three crusts— the result of thaws earlier in the winter—each about an inch thick and separated one from the other by from three to seven inches of loose, dry snow. The tiny creatures seemed to have had little trouble in finding passages through the upper crusts, but the bottom crust was solid ice, and here in the first days of my investigations I found the snow-fleas accumulated in considerable numbers. Later on, these insects gradually disappeared. Although lacking any direct evidence, I am of the opinion that by degrees many of them worked their way along through the snow until they encountered some twig or root that pierced the crust and enabled them to crawl down to the earth. There is no doubt, however, that a very large number of the adventurers perish. The fact is that in six years’ observation of their winter habits, I have never seen two large emergencies occurring in the same locality,indicates that a great destruction of the insects must take place on every excursion. After all that has been said about their appearances in the winter, it might be thought that the insects only come out when the ground is covered with snow. The truth is that in favourable weather they emerge just as readily when the ground is bare, but, of course, they do not then attract attention as when they are set off by the vivid background of the snow. One calm misty morning in that golden prime of spring when the first wild flowers are all out and the mosquitoes aren’t, I came down through the woods, leafless as yet, to a marsh that was flooded a couple of feet deep with the high water from the Ottawa River. The whole half mile of swamp, I remember, was ringing from end to end with an astonishing chorus of frogs,—a great volume of sound, but so steady and sustained that presently, like the music of the spheres, it went out of my consciousness, until suddenly I was made aware of it again by the startling abruptness with which it stopped: a marsh hawk sweep- ing over the water had struck the massed choirs instantaneously dumb. As I worked my way through the alders along the edge of the water, I noticed a good many A_ socialis climbing in the withered ‘‘beaver hay,” the blue black colour of the minute insects rendering them conspicuous in the yellow grass As I advanced they became thicker, and here and there strings of them floated down runlets from the woods. And then I came on the springtail metropolis. It was a large, moss-covered log so rotten that its species could not be determined, but it was probably a pine. It was bedded on the dead leaves of yester year just at the edge of the water, and from a crevice in its brown crumb- ling side, A. socialis were emerging in solid dark blue masses. The easiest way to appraise them would have been by dry measures. There must have been something over an imperial pint of them visible, and more were continually coming out of the log. On the damp leaves they were gathered into several patches six inches in diameter and fully half an inch thick. I filled a number of collecting tubes chockfull by merely scooping two or three times into these masses. A fine spray of leaping insects played continually over the side of the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 269 log, and the characteristic smell was very apparent. And strange to say, the insects made themselves unexpectedly manifest to another sense also. Rivalling the fairy-tale hero who could hear the grass growing, to my surprise I found I could hear the springtails leaping on the dead leaves. So many hundreds of them were jumping at the same moment, that the myriad simultaneous impacts became audible even to the coarse human sense of hearing, and sounded like the tiny rain we must suppose fell in Lilliput. Watching any general movement of these insects is like watching the hour hand of a clock. They were evidently spreading out from this focus, but so slowly in spite of all their leaping and crawling hither and thither, that very little change could be noticed during the thirty or forty minutes that I observed them. When I returned to the spot the evening of the following day, they had as usual nearly all disappeared. On the leaves were many white patches of cast skins, and a few stragglers were still crawling over the log, but the millions of yesterday were gone. These eruptions of Achorutes socialis and its congeners are due to over- crowding of the domicile, and in that respect they parallel the swarming of the bees and ants. But there the resemblance stops, for, of course, the spring- tails have no special organization whatever, and those found living in colonies are merely kept together by a common. interest in some food supply or other favourable condition. When the place becomes too small to support them, practically the whole population leaves at the same time, each individual to seek his own private fortune, and the old home is completely abandoned. One obvious advantage of the movement, in addition to a mcre abundant forage, is the cross-breeding that takes place between different colonies. The in- creased vigour of the race which accrues no doubt more than counterbalances the large mortality among the emigrants. The Collembola as an order have never attracted many students, and it is not likely that this article will do anything to increase the number, but ‘‘should one heart throb higher at its sway,’ it would-be a pity not to encourage the aspirant to springtail lore, and so I will say something about collecting methods. The Collembolist’s collecting outfit is simple, inexpensive and not at all bulky, but as the insects are found in a variety of situations, several different pieces of apparatus are necessary to capture them. Among the first requisites are the small straight-sided bottles without shoulder or lip, known as shell vials. For general use in collecting and for storage purposes, round-bottomed shell vials about 50 mm. !ong by 10 mm. in diameter, as recommended by Dr. J. W. Folsom, are best. But for very minute specimens even smaller bottles than these are often desirable, and I usually carry a few vials 40 mm. and 25 mm. long by 6 mm. or 7 mm. in diameter.” If not obtainable from stock, any dealer will have such bottles as these made to order at a small cost per gross. In summer a small fragment of damp, rotten wood or a piece of a moist, dead leaf tamped down into the bottom of the vial will keep the specimen from dying of aridity until you get them home. In winter, when everything out- doors is dried up by the frost, my bottles are furnished with a scrap of filter paper, which can be moistened when required by dropping a granule or two of snow on to it. But one must be careful not to get the bottles too wet inside, or the insects will drown in the water film. 270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The Collembola, being all very soft-bodied, must be handled with great delicacy to avoid injuring them. The best implement for the purpose is the fine red sable brush used for oil painting, American size No. 1, (English size 00 or 0), preferably of the round shape, but the flat will do. The long handles may be cut down to a length of three or four inches convenient for the pocket or vial case. In a pinch an emergency brush can be made by chewing the end of a small succulent twig into fibres. A great many Collembolans live under the bark of more or less rotten logs and stumps, and when collecting in this habitat a large pocket knife is very useful to separate the layers of bark. Also the student, unless he has exceptional eyesight, will find a watchmaker’s glass necessary to discover the smaller speci- mens. A glass of two and a half inch or at most two inch focus is strong enough. Any higher magnification leaves too small a working distance. To prevent dewing of the glass in cool weather, two or three holes of about 4 mm. diameter should be bored through the mounting. As any small object dropped into forest litter or long grass is very hard to find, I tie the collecting brush and the watchmaker’s glass at either end of a fine string about 18 inches long This insures their safety, leaves the hands free, and enables the brush to be found without taking the eye off the quarry. Of course, like every other good thing, the arrangement has its drawbacks. But when the cord catches on some obstruction just as a particularly fine speci- men has been sighted, and the glass is jerked out of the collector’s eye, curses both loud and deep will be found to afford considerable relief to many temper- ments. The very ingenious collector devised by Berlese is an admirable instru- ment for automatically extracting springtails and other small creatures from the debris of forests and such like materials But for adequate results the apparatus must be employed on a larger scale than is possible for an amateur without any special laboratory. And so, while I have used a small Berlese collector with some success, I prefer to sift for the insects in the open. My sieve consists of a wooden hoop 12 inches in diameter and one inch deep, to which is attached a sleeve of ticking about 10 inches long, while the netting is wire cloth of 12 meshes to the inch. A black silk handkerchief and a white linen one complete the outfit. In practice, one sits down in a likely place, puts a couple of handfuls of dead leaves into the sieve and shakes it over the handkerchief spread on the knees. Then by means of the brush, the dislodged Collembolans are transferred to a vial. Changing occasionally from the black to the white handkerchief, or vice versa, often reveals many minute and un- suspected insects of the contrasting hue. For springtails of a different milieu a very useful device is a tin funnel 31/, inches or 4 inches in diameter at the mouth, such as can be bought at any hardware store for a few cents. A fair-sized, straight-sided bottle is corked to the tip of the funnel, and the implement is used to sweep herbage, the surface — of pools, wet sand and similar formations. The leaping insects are caught in the funnel, and a sharp tap from time to time shakes them from the slippery sides into the bottle. Also the easiest way to capture specimens on loose pieces of bark is to shake them off into the funnel. And the catch can be safely trans- ferred from the funnel bottle to the regular collecting tube by inserting the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 271 point of the funnel into the latter, and emptying the contents of the larger bottle into the funnel. When he comes to use the brush, the collector soon sees that his manipu- lation must be varied according to the habit of the different species. The active high-strung Jsotoma and the nervous Tomocerus must be “‘flipped’’ or herded into the bottle with a dry brush, while the non-leaping kinds, such as Neanura and Onychiurus and stolid genera like Achorutes and Xenylla can be picked up on a moistened brush without any trouble. Whatever others may say, the enthusiast sees no objection to moistening the brush with the lips. The absorp- tion of an odd Collembolan that this practice may sometimes entail is entirely negative in result, as I can testify from several years’ experience. The insects are brought home alive, and are best killed, as Dr. Folsom advises, by theapplicationof 95 percent. alcohol heated almost to a boiling point. They may be then transferred to 80 per cent. alcohol for preservation. Spring- tails should never be mounted on points, as they soon shrivel up. Microscope preparations in Canada balsam, Dr. Folsom says, tend to shrink, and he sug- gests a mixture of glycerine jelly and acetic acid as the most satisfactory medium. An invaluable tool for “setting up’ springtails and all other minute insects was discovered by Mr. J. M. Swaine, of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa, in the fine-pointed flexible wire instrument used by dentists to extract nerves, and known technically as a “‘broach.”’ As doubtless many collectors have discovered for themselves, the best work is done when one is alone. Unless your companion is equally interested with you in the particular insect you are after, his impatience and desire to move on distract, and his lack of sympathy chills you. I know people who could not watch one hour while a log was being examined with a magnifying glass, and whom even the discovery of a rare Pseudachorutes left quite cold. fne BERS OF GOLD HILL, COLORADO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. Gold Hill is a small mining town in the mountains of Boulder County, Colorado, with an altitude of about 8,600 feet. It is rather well known in zoo- logical circles because it was the residence of an indefatigable student of birds and mammals, Denis Gale. At Ward, a few miles away, Gale discovered the mouse which Merriam named Evotomys galei. On July 13, 1919, my wife and I spent the forenoon collecting bees at Gold Hill, on the dry hill immediately east of the town. Twenty species were obtained, listed below. The fauna is by no means entirely of the boreal type; one species, Andrena prunorum, ex- tends to Southern New Mexico. Prosopis varifrons Cresson. Females at Rubus. Colletes kincaidii Ckll. _ Both sexes abundant at flowers of Frasera (Tessaranthium). Sphecodes eustictus Ckll. Female at Geranium. Halictus cooleyi Crawford. Common, visiting Frasera. Halictus lerouxti Lepeletier. One male. Halictus nigricollis Vachal. One male. Described by Vachal from a male December, 1919 272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST tn ee in the Vienna Museum, collected by Morrison in Colorado, and not previously recognized by me. Halictus arapahonum Ckll. One male, this sex previously unknown. It is like H. provanchert nearcticus (Vach.), but the abdomen is olive green, with very distinct, faintly ochreous hair bands. Femora light ferruginous, with- out dark markings. Halictus pruinosiformis Crawford. One female. Halictus ruidosensis Ckll. One female; a rather large form with strongly dusky wings, perhaps separable. Halictus galei, n. sp. @. Length about 4.5 mm.; head and thorax bluish green, not bright, somewhat shining but not polished; hair of head and thorax white, not dense; head oblong, facial quadrangle much longer than broad; front minutely excessively densely punctured all over, but this does not extend to the region between the ocelli; antenne black, flagellum obscurely reddish beneath toward end; tegula dark, not punctured; wings clear hyaline, nervures and stigma testaceous; mesothorax micrcscopically tessellate and with distinct punctures, about the diameter of a puncture apart; area of metathorax with very irregular strong plice, and smaller ridges between, the apical part hardly sculptured{ its surface microscopically reticulate; legs black; hind spur with three long}spines; abdomen black, shining; sides of second segment (especially basally) and all of the following covered with white hair, not so dense as to entirely hide the shining surface, the little hairs beautifully plumose; hind margins of second and following segments narrowly pallid. In my manuscript key to the subgenus Chloralictus this runs to H. perdz- fficilis Ckll., which it resembles in the hairy abdomen. It differs from perdifficilis by being very much smaller, with narrower head, and also in coloration. The narrowerface, with straighter inner orbits, at once separates it from H. ruidosensis, but the peculiarity is not carried nearly so far as in H. longiceps Rob., which I have from Southern Pines, N. C. (Manee). Andrena lupinorum Ckll. Commcn on flowers of Rubus, and also collected from Potentilla. 1 had only the type cf this fine species. Andrena apacheorum Ckll. One female at Potenitilla. Andrena prunorum Ckll. Female at Rubus; scape red, clypeus mainly red. Melissodes confusiformis Ckll. One male at Geranium. Epeolus hitei Ckll. One male at Geranium, differs from the female by hav- ing the first two antennal joints black, and the third red only in part. I had only the unique type of female. Anthophora smithit Cress. One male. Chelynia elegans Cress. One male at Geranium. Osmia armaticeps Cress. One female at Gazllardia. Megachile pugnata Say. Both sexes at Gaillardia. Bombus juxtus Cress. Workers common cn Frasera. The Rubus referred to is R. melanolasius Focke. Summing up the principal results; the morning’s collecting gave us one new species, two previously unknown males, one species described in Europe and not before recognized by us, and several specimens of a species of which we — previously had only the single type. Also, the M. confusiformis was the first male in good condition. In connection with Mr. Sladen’s recent interesting & 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 213 observations on the relation between climate and characters, it may be of in- terest to note that in a considerable series of Chloralictus, the tegule are dark in those species which come from the north and the mountains, light in those from the south and lowlands. Thus: Tegule dark. H. cressonti, nigroviridis, viridatus, perdifficilis, versans, ruidosensis, hortensts, planatus, etc. Tegule light. H. semibrunneus, sparsus, floridanus, ashmeadii, versatis, zephyrus, gemmatus, brunert, exiguus, etc. A LIST OF SYRPHIDA OF NORTHERN INDIANA. BY M. R. SMITH, RALEIGH, N.C. The following is a list of Syrphids collected in the vicinity of Plymouth, Indiana, during the summer of 1918. As the writer does not think he will have opportunity to collect in this region again, this short list is being published with the hope that it may be of interest to the Syrphidologist and to those interested in working up the State’s fauna. To Mr. J. M. Craig much credit is due for assistance in collecting. The writer also wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Mr. C. L. Fluke for a number of the determinations. UPLAND SPECIES. MARSH SPECIES. Fristalis tenax Linn. Helophilus stmilis Macq. E. arbustorum Linn. H. latifrons Loew. E. transversus Wied. E. dimidiatus Wied. Sphaerophoria scripta Linn. S. cylindrica Say. Paragus bicolor Fabr. P. tibialis Fabr. P. angustifrons Loew. Allograpta obliqua Say. Mesogramma marginata Say. M. geminata Say. M. polita Say. Syrphus ribesit Linn. S. americanus Wied. S. xanthostomus Williston. S. abbreviatus Zett. Syritta pipiens Linn. Milesia virginiensis Drury. Spilomyia hamifera Loew. S. longicornis Loew. Baccha fascipennis Wied. Xanthogramma flavipes. December, 1919 H. divisus Leew. H. chrysostomus Williston. H. conostomus Williston. H. laetus Loew. Volucella evecta Walker. Xylota fraudulosa Loew. X. equncida Say. Tropidia quadrata Say. T. calcarata Williston. Pyrophaena rosarum Fabr. P. granditarsus Fabr. Platychirus quadraius Say. P. hyperboreus Staeger. Melanostoma mellinum Linn. M. obscurum Say. Neoascia globosa Walker. Chrysotoxum pubescens Loew. Pterallastes thoracicus Loew. Eristalis bastardt Macq. E. flavipes Walker. 274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : ee ee THREE NEW CANADIAN ANTHOMYIIDZ:. (DIPTERA). BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. The three species described in this paper were submitted to me for identi- fication, and in order to include them in synopses which are ready for the press, they are now described in full. The generic name Aricia R.D., is preoccupied and the next available one Helina R.D., is used in this paper. Helina fletcheri, sp. n. Male.—Black, so densely covered with gray pruinescence as to appear opaque gray. Orbits, face and cheeks with silvery pruinescence, antenne and palpi black. Thorax without vitte. Abdomen with a faint dark dorso- central vitta, and a pair of small brown spots on segment 2 and another on ‘segment 3. Legs black. Wings clear, veins pale, yellow at bases. Calyptra and halteres pale yellow. Eyes bare, separated by about 3 times the width across posterior ocelli; interfrontalia at its narrowest part a little wider than either orbit; each orbit with 3 or 4 strong bristles and one or two weak hairs parafacial at base of antenne about as wide as third antennal segment, a little narrowed below; cheek not over twice as high as width of parafacial, with a series of bristles along lower margin, 2 or 3 of which, below anterior margin of eye, are upwardly curved a bristle above vibrissa; longest hairs on arista a little shorter than width of third antennal segment. Thorax without strong presutural acrostichals or prealar bristle; postsutural dorso-centrals 3; sternopleurals 3, in a nearly equilateral triangle. Abdomen cylindrical, slightly tapered behind; tergites 3 and 4 each with transverse median and apical bristles; hypopygium large but not protuberant, fifth sternite with a rather wide, deep, wedge-shaped posterior excision, a few long bristles on each lateral extension. Fore tibia with or with- out a median bristle, only the dorsal apical bristle strong; fore tarsus about — equal in length to fore tibia; all pulvilli longer than apical tarsal segment mid femur with a complete series of long, strong bristles on postero-ventral surface, the antero-ventral surface bare; mid tibia with 1 weak antero-dorsal and 2 or 3 posterior bristles; hind femur with a series of long bristles on postero-ventral surface and another on apical half of antero-ventral; hind tibia with 2 or 3 short bristles on antero-ventral and postero-dorsal surfaces and 2 longer bristles on antero-dorsal, the apical antero-dorsal bristle long. Costal thorn small, outer cross- vein straight; veins 3 and 4 divergent apically; last section of fourth vein over twice as long as the preceding. Length 5 mm. Type.—Radisson, Sask., July 30, 1907, (J. Fletcher), in the Canadian National Collection. This species has the appearance of a Coenosia. It differs from any other North American species known to me in having the eyes widely separated,the femora very strongly bristled and the postsutural bristles 3 in number. Hylemyia pedestris, sp. n. Male.—Black, slightly shining, densely gray pruinescent. Head black, orbits, face, and cheeks with white pruinescence; palpi largely yellowish basally. Thorax with 5 black vitta—a narrow median, two narrow submedian, and two December, 1919 —— ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 275 broad lateral. Abdomen with a narrow black dorsal vitta, which is obsolete on apical portion of basal segment; hypopygium glossy black. Legs yellowish testaceous, cox, femora and tarsi largely fuscous, sometimes the femora almost entirely fuscous, or almost entirely pale. Wings slightly grayish, yellow at bases. Calyptra and halteres yellow. Eyes separated at narrowest part of frons by a distance equal to width of anterior ocellus; parafacial at base of antenna about half as wide as third antennal joint, much narrowed below; cheek as high as width of third antennal joint, with a few long bristles along lower margin, one of which is upwardly curved, antenne reaching nearly to mouth-margin; arista with very short pubescence. Thorax with 2 or 3 pairs of presutural acrostichal bristles and a few intermixed setulose hairs; prealar less than half as long as the bristle behind it. Abdomen short, depressed, parallel-sided; hypopygium large; fifth sternite in both specimens before me projecting downward, large, the processes slightly curved, rounded at apices, their inner halves furnished with dense, erect black hairs, a rounded elevation laterad of base of each process on each of which there are a few bristles. Fore tibia with a short, sharp apical posterior bristle; mid femur with a few bristles near base on postero-ventral surface; mid tibia with 1 postero-dorsal and 2 posterior bristles; hind femur with antero-ventral bristles long and widely. separated, the postero-ventral surface with a rather closely placed series of short bristles on basal three-fifths; hind tibia with 1 antero-ventral, 2 antero-dorsal, and 2 postero-dorsal bristles; mid and hind tarsi shorter than their tibie. Costal thorn small, cuter cross-vein slightly curved, veins 3 and 4 subparallel apically, the former terminating almost in the apex of the wing which is slightly pointed. Length 5.5 mm. Type and paratype, Godbout, Quebec, Canada, ve 25,. 1918. (Ha Wee Walker). Named in honour of the collector. The series of short bristles on basal two-fifths of hind femora and the fringes on processes of fifth abdominal sternite distinguish this species from any known to me. Type in the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Toronto. Hylemyia quintilis, sp. n. Female.—Black, shining, rather densely gray pruinescent. Head entirely black, the orbits and parafacials with white tomentum, the remainder of head with less dense pruinescence. Thorax with 5 poorly defined brown dorsal vitte. Abdomen more distinctly shining than thorax, with a large patch of gray pruinescence on each side of each tergite posteriorly. Legs black. Wings with a yellowish brown tinge, veins dark brown, yellow basally. Calyptre white. Halteres vellow. Frons over one-third of the head-width, a little widened anteriorly, orbits well defined, each about one-fourth as wide as interfrontalia at anterior ex- tremity of ocellar triangle, and with 3 bristles in front of lower supraorbital bristle, otherwise bare, interfrontalia with a pair of strong curciate bristles, and a few microscopic hairs on each side, ocellar triangle with 2 long bristles and ‘several long setulz, parafacial at base of antenne wider than height of cheek and a little wider than third antennal joint, narrowed below, the vibrissal angle much produced, anterior upper margin of mouth forming a sharp ridge which 276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST projects well beyond the line of anterior margin of frons; lower margin of cheek with a few strong bristles in a single series and some short weak hairs, the series of strong bristles widely interrupted below parafacial; third antennal joint broad, about twice as long as second, arista almost bare, second joint longer than thick, third swollen at base. Presutural acrostichals 2“rowed, one pair strong, prealar bristle long; sternopleurals 2:2, the lower anterior one weak. Abdominal tergites with strong bristles on posterior margins; sternites 3 to 5 each with strong bristles on lateral margins, basal sternite bare. genitalia with two slender processes at apex. Fore tibia with a strong median posterior bristle, basal joint of fore tarsus nearly as long as the other four combined, third, fourth, and fifth joints broadened, third twice as long as fourth, the latter one-third as long as fifth, which is about three times as long as broad, mid legs lacking, hind femur with about 8 bristles on apical three-fifths of antero- ventral surface, and 1 bristle near base on postero. ventral; hind tibia with 3 short antero-ventral, 3 moderately long and 4 short antero-dorsal, and 3 long and 5 or 6 short postero-dorsal bristles. Costal thorn short; veins 3 and 4 subparallel apically, last section of the latter not much longer than the pre. ceding section. Length 7 mm. Type.—Godbout, Quebec, Canada, July 25, 1918, (E. M. Walker). This species resembles the female of latipennis Zetterstedt, in having the apical fore tarsal joint dilated, but Jatipennis has the fourth joint much longer, distinctly longer than wide, the hind femur with 2 or 3 bristles on apical fourth of antero- ventral surface, and the hind tibia with 3 long bristles on the postero- dorsal surface, the short bristles being absent. Type in the Royal Ontario Museum of Zoology, Toronto. NOTES ON PLATYDEMA ELLIPTICUM FAB., AND ITS FUNGUS HOS BY HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. During the middle of September, larvze and pupe of this species were quite abundant in the fungus Polyporus giluus at Union, N.J. Many of the larve were full grown at this time, and adults had just started to emerge. Larval burrows were found throughout the fungus, but most of the pupal cells were located in the base of the fungus clcse to the bark of the tree. Polyporus gilvus is a woody fungus which is extremely common in Eastern Canada and Northern United States, occurring on dead deciduous wood. Full grown larva.—Length 12 mm. Greatest width 1.7 mm. Elongate, subcylindrical, somewhat hard, whitish or with dark contents of alimentary tract showing. Head and anterior portion of first thoracic segment dark, reddish brown. Faint to dark transverse chitinized areas on dorsal surface of each segment. Head with a fine, white, U-shaped line which connects with a fine, median, dcrsal line extending to first abdominal segment. Head bears a few punctures within the U-'shaped line and many without. Head and body sparsely hairy. Legs bearing several spine-like hairs. Last abdominal seg- ment bearing a row of five minute spines on its posterior edge, the middle spine being the largest. December, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Pathe Pupa.—Length 7 mm. Width across wing-cases 3 mm. Whitish, sub- oval, rounded anteriorly, gradually tapering posteriorly. Head, thorax and ventral surface sparsely hairy. Dorsal surface bears a number of fine, minute hairs. Hairs on anterior and lateral thoracic margins long and fine. Lateral body hairs longest. Sides of abdominal segments two to five produced into somewhat flat, plate-like, subrectangular, expanded tubercles. Anterior and posterior transverse edges of each expansion or tubercle chitinized and serratu- late, the distal corner ending in a minute spine. Lateral edge of expansion bears a minute, median spine with a long hair arising from below the tip. The lateral expansion on the first abdominal segment has a heavily chitinized posterior edge, a minute, median, lateral spine but the anterior edge is not chitinized nor serratulate. Lateral expansion on sixth abdominal segment is smaller than the others and lacks the posterior edge. Last abdominal segment termin- ated at each edge by a comparatively prominent, pointed spine. Adult.—Platydema ellipticum. This was described by Fabricius in 1801 (Syst. Eleut., II, 1801, 566). The beetle is elongate-oval, about 6 mm. long, black, each elytron having an oblique irregular reddish spot extending from the humerus to the suture. The thorax is finely and sparsely punctate, the elytra finely striate and the striz with fine, distant punctures. It is generally distributed throughout New Jersey and occurs according to Smith (Insects of N.J., N.J. St. Mus. Rept. 1909) under the bark of fungus-covered trees. Blatchley (Coleoptera of Indiana) states that it is frequent in the southern half of Indiana beneath bark on fungus-covered logs. Up to the present time this species has been found associated only with Polyporus gilvus in New Jersey, but it is extremely probable that it breeds in other woody fungi also. A NEW ANTHOMYIID FROM LABRADOR (DIPTERA). BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. The species described herein I have placed in the genus Helina Robineau Desvoidy (Aricia auct.) with some hesitation. The genus is, however, de- cidedly composite and pending a satisfactory subdivision of it the present arrangement is the best available. Stein in all his more recent papers on Antho- myiide uses the name Mydaa for this genus, but that name is, as I have pointed out in several of my papers, properly applicable to the small group of which pagana Fabricius is the type. Helina tuberculata, sp. n. Male.—Black, shining, with conspicuous gray pruinescence. Head entirely black. Thorax with 4 broad, black vitta. Abdomen with a pair of large, ill- defined, subtriangular black spots on second and another on third segment. Legs black. Wings slightly brownish, more distinctly so along the courses of veins, yellowish basally. Calyptre and halteres orange yellow. Eyes distinctly hairy, separated by about width across posterior ocelli; parafacial at base of antenna at least as wide as third antennal joint at apex, not narrowed below; third antennal joint broadened apically, second with several long bristles above; arista short pubescent. Thorax with or without a pair of long presutural acrostichals; prealar bristle at least half as long as the bristle behind it; postsutural dorso-centrals 4; hypopleura bare; sternopleurals: 1: 2; scutellum bare below and on sides. Abdomen ovate; first sternite bare; December, 1919 278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST fifth sternite with a broad shallow posterior emargination, a number of long bristles on each side at base of emargination, the lateral projections bare. Fore tibia without median bristle; mid femur gradually thickened to beyond middle, then rather abruptly attenuated to apex, a group of strong bristles at apex of swollen part on antero-ventral surface, and two or three bristles near base on postero-ventral surface; mid tibia slightly distorted, with about a dozen strong bristles on basal half of posterior surface, a small tubercle one-third from apex on same surface, and dense, short bristles on ventral surface from base to and covering the tubercle; hind femur slightly curved, slender basally, with a num- ber of long bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibia very slightly curved, antero-ventral surface with about 9 short bristles, antero-dorsal surface with five or six short bristles, the posterior surface with about eleven long bristles on apical three-fifths. Third and fourth veins much divergent apically. Lower calyptra about twice as large as upper. Length 9 mm. Type.—Rigolet, Labrador, July 18, 1906. This species has the hind tibia armed almost as in pectinata Johannsen, but the peculiar mid tibia separates the species from it and all other species known to me from this country or Europe. This specimen was sent to me by Mr. C. W. Johnson, and pending its final disposition the type is in the collection of Illinois Natural History Survey. A PLEA FOR MORE ACCURATE TAXONOMY IN MORPHOLOGICAL AND OTHER STUDIES. BY MORGAN HEBARD, CHESTNUT HILL, PA. It has been noted by the author that morphologists and students interested in specialized studies of certain species are often inclined to give imperfectly or inaccurately the necessary taxonomy for the material treated. This is understood only when we realize that the subject treated is of great interest in such papers, the proper name for the material studied often of little or no interest to the morphologist. That the correct name is of very great importance it would seem must be admitted by all, when it is pointed out that from different species, though some- times apparently very closely related, different results are often obtained, even from morphological studies. It is true that the systematic work of the past has often left much to be desired, and many changes have been necessitated thereby. That, however, should not warrant slurring systematics any more than that equally unsatis- factory past work of morphologists and reversal of conclusions should cause interest in morphology to wane. The advance of all science is built in part upon the correction of past errors. Another excuse for lack of proper taxonomic assignment is that it is often difficult to secure the required names from a systematist. This is indeed some- times true, but, in the great majority of cases, one fiftieth the time and effort expended in preparing the material in question for study, would have Snes the necessary determinations. As a concrete instance, we would note Mr. E. Melville Du Porte’s recent article, ‘‘The Propleura and the Pronotal Sulci of the Orthoptera.”(@) (1) Can. Ent., LI, pp. 147 to 153 (1919). December, 1919 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 279 This excellent paper treats, in a masterly way, a most interesting subject. It is marred solely by inaccurate or incomplete taxonomy The taxonomic faults may be summarized as follows: Acridude = Acridide. Rhomalea = Romalea. Tettigide = Acrydine. Tettix granulatus = Acrydium granulatum. The references in this paper to Acrydium are correctly referable to that genus, of which granulatsum is a member. Locustide = Tettigoniude. Conocephalus = Neoconocephalus, a genus including but few North American species. It has been recently revised and the specific determination would, in consequence, have been easily made‘ Xiphidium = Conocephalus. Microcentrum. As there are but two, widely distributed, North American species of this genus, Jaurifolium and retinerve, the specific assignment could have been readily made. Gryllus pennsylvanicus =Gryllus assimilis. The taxonomy in this paper could have been corrected by a systematist in a few minutes. Would it not be desirable to have all such papers correct throughout, rather than satisfactory as far as the subject being studied is con- cerned, but full of inexcusable taxonomic flaws? NOTE ON MR. HEBARD’S ARTICLE. The Editor, having given some attention to the taxonomy of the Orthoptera, was aware that the nomenclature followed in Mr. Du Porte’s paper was not up- to-date, but considered it inadvisable to alter it, since the names employed have long been in common use, and are more or less familiar to the general student, for whom the paper is intended. The nomenclature of Orthoptera has undergone numerous changes in late years, and some of these changes, though doubtless necessary, if the law of priority is to be followed, are of a most unfortunate character. Many old familiar generic terms have been abandoned, cr what is more confusing, transferred to other forms. For example, the little ‘‘grouse-locusts,’’ generally known as Tettix are now Acrydium, while the large locusts formerly called Acridiwm are now Locusta, a name which used to ke employed for insects of another family. Again, the name Cono- cephalus, so long and appropriately given to the large ‘‘cone-headed grass hoppers’’ must now be shifted to the little meadow grasshoppers familiar to all as Xiphidium, the cone-heads becoming Neoconocephalus. Such changes as these are, of course, very confusing to all but the specialist. Were they really permanent, it would indeed be desirable to promote their use as rapidly as possible, but what guarantee have we that they will remain more than a few years? They are not even universally accepted by specialists. Is there such a thing as ‘‘correct taxonomy?’’ We think, at least, that systematists are inclined to over-estimate its importance; and while we agree with Mr. Hebard’s contention that morphologists are too apt to be careless in regard to taxonomic matters, we think that the converse is equally true, that the systematist is usually very inaccurate in the use of morphological terms, and indifferent as to the morphological significance of the structures he describes. 280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST RECENT CANADIAN PUBLICATIONS. (Continued from page 263.) THE AppLE Maccor.—By L. Caesar, B.A., B.S.A., Provincial Entomologist; and W. A. Ross, B.S.A., Entomological Branch, Dominion Department of Agriculture. Bull. 271, Fruit Branch, Ont. Dept. of Agriculture. Pp. 1-32, with 17 figures in text. The investigation upon which this excellent bulletin is based was com- menced in 1911, when the apple maggot was abundant in many parts of Ontario, and has been continued during each succeeding year. It contains a detailed account of the life-history of this insect, with full data on its seasonal history, habits, distribution, influence of environmental factors and methods of control. Although normally the life cycle is completed within a year, a certain num- ber of pupe remain in the soil during a second winter, the flies emerging the following summer. There is also in the warmer parts of Ontario a partial second brood in some seasons, though a very insignificant one. The time of emergence of the flies, which begins as a rule about the first week in July, and continues throughout most of August, is not influenced by the time of pupa- tion, i. e., flies from pupe from early varieties of apples do not appear to emerge any sooner than those from later varieties. Natural control seems to depend mainly upon weather factors, parasites being apparently of very minor importance. Hardening of the soil surface, as a result of heavy rains followed by drought, may either prevent the flies from emerging or the larve from pupating beneath it, and large numbers may perish in these ways. Much variation exists in the susceptibility of different varieties of apples and crabs to infestation. The most effective control measures are found to consist in spraying with arsenicals, the mixture recommended being arsenate of lead paste, 2!/ Ibs. to 40 gallons of water, without any molasses or other sweetening. ‘‘ The first applica- tion should be given as soon as the flies begin to emerge, so that they may be killed before they can lay eggs,” the proper date of application in an average season varying according to the district, from June 25, in the warmest parts of the province, to July 7 in the more northerly localities. A second applica- tion should be made as soon as the first shows signs of disappearing, and a third may be necessary if heavy rains should wash off the second, and is recommended in all cases the first year after a bad infestation. Good figures from original photographs are given to illustrate the dif- ferent stages of the insect and its work on the apple. REPORT OF THE PROvINCIAL MusEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR THE YEAR 1918, Province or British CoLumBIA.—Victoria, 1919. Pp. T 1-16, with 2 plates. Entomology. By E. H. Blackmore. Mr. Blackmore’s article constitutes the greater part of the report (pp. 6-13), and consists chiefly of notes on the occurrence of uncommon insects taken in British Columbia during the season of 1918. These include 12 species, belonging to several orders, that were described as new during the year, and a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 281 considerable number of Lepidoptera, 20 species of which are illustrated on the two plates by excellent half-tones from photographs. Four species of this order are reported as having been present in the province in destructive numbers, viz., the forest tent-caterpillar (Malacosoma pluvialis), the tortoise-shell butterfly (Aglais californica), the alfalfa looper (Autographa californica) and a tussock moth (Hemerocampa vetusta gulosa), which was dev- astating Douglas Fir at Chase, B.C. REPORT OF THE CANADIAN ARCTIC EXPEDITION, 1913-18.—Vol. III—Insects. Southern Party 1913-16. Ottawa, 1919. Six parts of this volume have thus far been issued. Most of the collec- tions in all the orders were made by Mr. Frits Johansen, and a large part of the material was collected at Bernard Harbour, Dolphin and Union Straits, Northwest Territories, and at Nome and other localities on the Arctic coast of Alaska. Part A, Collembola. By Justus W. Folsom. Pp. 1-29, including 8 plates with 72 figures. This is a very full report on the 12 species and varieties of springtails taken by Mr. Johansen. All the species are described and the characters well illustrated. An extensive bibliography is also given. The species are distributed among the following genera: Podura (1); Achorutes (2, 1 n. sp.); Onychiurus (1 n. sp.); Tetracanthella (1); Isotoma (2 sp.); Ento-@f mobrya (1); Lepidocyrtus (1); Sminthurides (1). Part B, Neuropteroid Insects, by Nathan Banks. Pp. 1-5 with 1 plate. Only two orders are represented in the collection, the Plecoptera and the Tri- choptera, three species of the former and four of the latter having been taken. One species of each order is described as new, a Capnia and an Anabolia, but other new forms may be present as the specimens are not all specifically de- terminable. ‘Part C. Diptera. Craneflies; by C. P. Alexander. Mosquitoes; by H. G. Dyar; Diptera (excluding Tipulide and Culicide); by J. R. Malloch. Pp. 1—90, with 10 plates. Craneflies.. The collection is relatively rich in these forms, there being at least 16 species represented, including one Rhyphid (a Trichocera, represented by larve only) and 15 Tipulide. Five of these belong to the Limnobiine, embracing 4 genera, and 10 to the Tipuline, representing 3 genera. The largest genus is Tipula with 7 species. With but two exceptions the craneflies of this collection all belong to new species. All the species, including larval forms, are fully described and figured. Mosquitoes. Only two species are represented among the 134 specimens in the collection, both belonging to Aedes (Ochlerotatus). One of these, taken in large series and also reared is described as new, A. nearcticus. The other species is represented only by females and was left unnamed. Diptera (exclusive of Tipulide and Culicide); pp. 34-90, pls. VII-X. These belong to 18 families in which they are distributed as follows: Sciaride, 3 sp.; Chironomide, 16 sp. (with a new species each in Tanypus and Diamesa); Simuliidz, 6 sp. (1 n. sp. each in Prosimulium and Simulium); Leptide, 1 sp.; 282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST = Empidide, 7 sp. (all Rhamphomyia, 5 new); Dolichopodide, 6 sp. (1 n. sp. each in Dolichopus and Hydrophorus); Phoride, 3 sp. (all Apiocheta, 2 n. sp.); Borboride, | sp., a new Leptocera; Syrphide, 8 sp.; Oestride, 2 sp.; Tachinidae, 2 sp. (1 new Peleteria); Calliphoride, 4 sp. (1 new Phormia); Anthomyiide, 26 sp. (n. sp. in Phaonia, 1 Mydeina n. gen., 1 Aricia, 1 Hydrophoria, 1 Alliopsis, 1 Hylemyia and 1 Phorbia); Scatophagide, 8 sp. (1 n. sp. each in Gonatherus and Cordylurella, n. gen., Dasypleuron n. gen., and Allomyia n. gen.; Helomy- zide, 3 sp. (1 n. sp. each in Oecothea and Neoleria); Piophilide, 1 sp. (a new Piophila) and Chloropide, 1 sp. Much of the material in the collection was specifically indeterminable, so that it is probable that it contains a considerable number of undescribed species. This paper also contains keys to the genera of Phaonine and Anthomyiine, and to those of the entire family of Scatophagide and Helomyzide. Part D, Mallophaga and Anoplura. Mallophaga; by A. W. Baker; Ano- plura, by G. F. Ferris and G. H. F. Nuttall. Twenty species of Mallophaga are listed from 13 bird hosts and one mammal. All belong to described species with the possible exception of three species which were too immature for specific determination. Four of the species are illustrated on the plate. Only three species of true lice or Anoplura were taken, one of these being the human head louse, collected from the head hairs of copper Eskimos. Part F, Hemiptera, by E. P. Van Duzee. Pp. 1-5. ‘Tite scarcity of Hemiptera in the Arctic regions is indicated by the small size of the collection, which consists of but 12 species. Only 6 of these were specifically determinable, one species being described as new, viz., Euscelis hyperboreus, n. sp. Part H, Spiders, Mites and Myriopods. Spiders, by J. H. Emerton. Acarina, by Nathan Banks. Chilopoda, by Ralph V. Chamberlin. Spiders (pp. 1-9, pls. I-III). The collection of spiders include 13 species of which three are described as new. They are distributed among the follow- ing genera: Erigone (1), Typhlocrestus (1), Tmetocerus (2, 1 n. sp.), Microveta (2, 1 n. sp.), Epeira’ (1), Dictyna (1), Lycosa (2, 1 mn. spe Pardosaete) sma Xysticus (1). Descriptive and distributional notes are given on many of the species and structural details of most of the forms are figured. Acarina, (pp. 11-13). The mites belong to 7 families, 14 genera and 17 species, only one of which is described as new. (Stigmeus arcticus, figs. 1 and 2). They belong to the genera Rhagidia (1), Bdella (3), Bryobia (1), Stigmzus (1), Trombidium (1), Evlais (1), Hydrophantes (1), Thyas (1), Lebertia (1), Laminipes (1), Curvipes (1), Parasitus (1), Galumna (1), and Scutovertex (2). Chilopoda (pp. 15-22, pl. IV). Two species of Chilopods, one belonging to the Lithobiomorpha, the other to the Geophilomorpha, are the only Myrio- pods collected by the Expedition, and both were taken in the Cape Nome region, Alaska. Mr. Chamberlin, however, gives a list of all the Alaskan Chilopods (14 species), a key to the genera of the family Chilenophilidz, and a full de- scription of Cryophilus alaskanus. n. gen. et sp. Ethophilus integer, n. sp., though not represented in the collection of the Expedition is also described, a subspecies (alaskanus) having been reported from Alaska. The typical form comes from Washington and Oregon. E.M.W. (To be continued). Index to Volume LI. Achorutes armatus, 75, 79, 242. socialis, 76, 79, 243, 245, 265. Aeolothrips annectans, 182. auricestus, n. sp., 184. fasciatus, 181. Aeschnide from the Franconia,. N. H., region, 12. Aeshna, species from the Franconia, N. H., region of, 13. Agentella eximia, n. sp., 83. Agrilus cupricollis, 29. “ floridanus, 29. Agriogenia, n. gen., 83. Agrion, species from the Franconia, N. H., region of, 9. Akilas, 8. Avpricu, J. M., article by, 64. ALEXANDER, C. P., articles by, 162, 191. Allograpta fracta, notes, on, 235. ir obliqua, 235. Amaurobius agelenoides, nu. sp., 106. Ambarvalia, 6. Amorphococcus, characters of, 250. leptospermi, 250. Anax junius, 13. Anchon gunni, n. sp., 220. Anchonoldes minuius, n. sp., 221. a clarkella, 124. cockerelli, 129. gwynana, 130. “ hattorfiana, 129. ¥ species from Gold Hill, Col., of, 271. fe wilkella, 124. Andricus splendens, n. sp., 254. Andrimus brunneus, 67. ZL parvulus, n. sp., 67. Anoplius depressipes, n. sp., 81. similaris, n. sp., 82. Anthomyiidez, new species of ,95, 96,274, 277. Anthonomus costulatus, 68. a sexguttatus, 68 Anthophora furcata, 125. ee collecting terrestrial arthropods in, “ce Anurida maritima, 80. A panteles A gee n. sp., 114. a phigalia, n. sp., 113. Aphid notes, miscellaneous, 228. Aphids from oaks, new, 945. Aphis cuscute, n. sp., 229. “ heraclella, n. n., 228. ‘* sociade,; 228. Aphodius bicolor, 31. Apis mellifera, 127. Apochiema, see Poecilorsis, 97. Apple Maggot in British Columbia, 2 2. pi in Ontario, 280, Argia rita, n. sp., 17. species from the Franconia, N. H., region of, 10. Arizona, a new oak gall from, 254. Arthropleona, 74. Arthropods, collecting in Barbados and Antigua, 173. BAKER, A. C., articles by, 211, 253. Banks, NATHAN, article by, 81. Barbades, collecting Terrestrial Arthropods in, 173 Baris scintillans, 68. Bark-beetles, 23. Barnes, W., article by, 92, 102. Basieschna janata, 12. Beckerina luteola, n. sp., 256. Bees, Canadian representatives of British, 124. Bees, new and little-known American, 26. of Gold Hill, Colorado, 271. of North Dakota, Panurgine, 205. Belgium, an appeal from, 62. BETHUNE, C. J.S. , article by, 4 BLATCHLEY, W.S. ’ articles by, 28, 65, 153. Bombus borealis, 126. distinguendus, 126. lapidarius, 130. lapponicus, 127. lucorum, 127. occidentalis, 127. pennsylvanicus, 128. terrestris, 126. terricola, 126. Book NOTICEs: Caesar's Apple Maggot, 280. Comstock’s Wings of Insects, 47. Hadwen and Cameron’s Cortribution to the Knowledge of Botflies, 262. Lochhead’s Class-book of Economic Entomology, 259. Proceedings of the Entomological So- ciety of N. S., 260. Report ‘of the Canadian Arctic Ex- pedition, 281. Report of the Provincial Museum of BC. 280: Sanders and Dustan’s Apple Bud- moths and their control in Nova Scotia, 261. Sanders and Dustan’s Fruit Worms of the Apple i in Nova Scotia, 262. Swaine’s Canadian Bark- bectles, Part es: Tothill’ s Natural Control of the Oyster- shel! Scale, 263. Brachys aerosus, notes on life-history of, 86. lugubris, 30. ss ovatus, notes on life-history of, 86. Braconide, new species of, 113. BRAUN, Miss Bork, article by, 201. Breathing spell, a, 1. British Columbia, a new Parajulus from, 119. the Apple Maggot in, 2. Bruchus, species from Florida of, 66. Buprestidae, 50. CAEsAR, L., article by, 259. Calandra linearis, 69. Calliopsis coloradensis, 210. nebrascensis, 210. Calochromus perfacetus, 30. CALVERT, P. P., article by, 62. CaMERON, A. E., article by, 47 Canadian Entomological Service, appoint- ments, 190, 240. Canadian Publications, Recent, 23, 259, 280. Canyra, 6. 284 INDEX TO VOLUME LI. Catocala flebilis, larva of, 226. 7 lachrymosa, larva of, 227. larvee, descriptions of four, 226. obscura, larva of, 227. retecta, larva of, 226. ulalume, 130. ulalume \s. carolina, 16. Catorama nigritulum and its fungus host, moe Caulophilus latinasus, 69. Cerambycida, 50. Ceratinopsis obscurus, n. sp., 105. Cerceris abbreviata, n. sp., 84. me completa, n. sp., 83. interjecta, n. sp., 84. snowt, n. sp., 84. yakima, n. sp., 85. Ceuthophilus maculatus, propleuron of, 148. Chaetocnema cribrifrons, 66. Chalcodermus inzquicollis, 69. Chalepus nervosa, probable food plant of, 118. Chauliognathus pennsylvanicus, 30. Chirothrips manicatus, 189. Chloriona fuscipennis, n. sp., 38. Chromagrion conditum, 11. Cicindela limbalis awemeana, habits of, 101. Cis criddlei, n. sp., 158. Ciside genus, a new, 158. Cissococcus, characters of, 112. = fulleri, 112. Ciaycomks, G. B., article by, 25. Clisodon terminalis, 125. Clubiona furcata, n. sp., 106. " saltitans, n. sp., 107. Coccid on cocoanut palm, a new, 116. Coccidz, notes on, 108, 249. CocKERELL, T. D. A., articles by, 26, 271. Cockroaches in Antigua, 217. C1 lioxys clypeata, var. a., 27. crassula, n. sp., 27. - deplanata, 27. nigrofimbriata, n. sp., 26. panamensis, n. sp., 26. , ribis, 128. Coenagrionide from the Franconia, N. Lal region, 10 Coenosia fuscifrons, n. sp., 96. Coug, F. R., article by, 54, 94. Coleophora laricella, notes on, 264. Coleoptera, Florida, 28, 65. — in Antigua, 218. oo in Barbados, 176. e new, 212. Collembola, remarks on, 73, 241, 245, 265. Colletes cunicularia, 124. ‘inaequalis, 124. Columbiana Iloydi, n. gen. et. sp., 35. Conocephalus, propleuron of, 148. Conotrachelus belfragei, 68. es seniculus, 68. “ce ae Consualia, 6. Copris inemarginatus, 31. Cordulegaster diastatops, 12. x maculatus, 12. Cordulia shurtleffi, 14. Corizus, key to N. American species of, 89. ‘“ “notes on N, American species of, 89. Corythucha betule, 159. a elegans, 159. _ heidemanni, 159. es hewitti, n. sp., 159. immaculata, 159. os New England records of, 70. Corythucha padi, 159. ze parshleyi, 159: salicis, 159. Cotton-stainers in Antigua, 219. Crane-flies, new nearctic, 162, 191. Cryptarcha strigata, 29. Cryptokermes brasiliensis, 113. Cryptorshynchus apiculatus, 69. & schwarzi, 69. Cyrtide, 54, 94. ae Davipson, W. M., articles by, 235, 245. Davis, J. J., articles by, 53, 228, 260. Delphacide in the British Museum, 6. é some new American, 35. Delphacodes guianensis, n. sp., 38. = subfusca, n. sp., 38. Dianthidium bicoloratum, 28. i multifasciatum, 28. Dicerca punetulata, 29. pean sobrina quadrivittata, n. subsp., Pictyna quadrispinosa, n. sp., 106. Dilachnus, n. n., 253. Diplostyla crosbyi, n. sp., 105. Diptera, in Barbados, 177. as American, described by Swederus, 23. Disonycha leptolineata, 65. Dog days, 49. Dolichosis manitoba, n. gen. et. sp., 158. Dorocordulia libera, 13. Downes, W., article by, 2. Dragonflies from the Franconia, N. H., region, 9. DRAKE, C. J., article by, 159. Drosophila, variation in, 122. DuportE, E. M., article by, 147. Dury, C., article by, 158. Earwigs in Barbados, 175. Ecphylus hicoriz, n. sp., 161. Elater manipularis, 29. Eleodes tricostata, habits of, 101. EmErTON, J. H., article by, 165. Enallagma, species from Franconia region of, 10. Entomological Society of Ontario, 227. % i Annual Meeting of, 4, Entomological Society of Ontario, gift te Library of, 216. Entomologist’s Handbook, an, 53. Entomology, piscatorial, 257. Epeolus dacotensts, n. sp., 210. “< hitet, 272. Epibidis, 6. Epitrix parvula, 66. Eremococcus pirogallis, 252. Eresai texana, 257. Eriocera saturata, n. sp., 165. Eupactus obsoletus, 30. FAL, H. C., article by, 212. FERNALD, H. T., article by, 264. FERRIS, G. F., articles by, 108, 249. FRENCH, G. H., articles by, 16, 130. Funxuouser, W. D., article by, 220. Furcaspis hematochroa, n. sp., 116 ~~ ————- ~~ _) ie) — INDEX TO VOLUME LI. Galerucella nympheez, 65. Gipson, E. H., article by, 89. Gnophomyia tristissima ‘cockerelli, n. subsp., Goldenrod leaf-beetle, immature stages of, 178. Gomphicephalus hodgsoni, 242. Gomphus, species from the Franconia region of, 12 Gonomyia aciculifera, n. sp., 193. bs mainensis, n. sp., 163. Grammonata semipallida, n. sp., Greeyleyella beardsleyi, 208. Grylloblatta campodeiformis, male and im- mature stage of, 131. Gryllus pennsylvanicus, propleuron of, 148. GunTHROP, HORACE, article by, 257. 105. Hagenulus, larval characters of, 146. ovipositor of, 143. Halictoides marginatus, 205. maurus, 205. Halictus galet, n. sp, 272. “species from Gold Hill, Col., Hapalornelus, characters of, 8. Haplothrips statices, 189. HEBARD, MorRGAN, article by, 278. Helice and Theisoa, synonymy of, 201. Helina fletcheri, n. sp., 274. “ tuberculata, n. sp., 277. Helocordalia uhleri, 13. Hemileuca lucina latifascia, habits of, 99. Hemiptera i in Antigua, 219. Barbados, 176. Hemiptera-Heteroptera, New England, 70 Hesperapis carinata, n. sp., 209. Heterachthes pallidum, 32. Heterocerus beetles, habits of, 25. bi pallidus, 25. tristis, 25. Heteroncura, n. gen., 228. satariz, 228. Heterospilus blackmanni, n. sp., 161. Himantosoma sugens, 64. Hister, Florida species of, 28. HoweE, R. H., articles by, 9, 93. Hylemyia pedestris, nesSps O74. a quintilis, n. sp., O75. ‘. Spinosissima, n. sp., 95. Hymenoptera, four new peresitic, 160. in Barbados, 177. Hymenorus dichrous, n. sp., 66. difficilis, 66. sabalensis, Deispes Oi. sobrinus, 67. _Hysteroneura, n. n. for Heteroneura Davis, 263. Ilburnia, 6. Illinois, a new Tachydromia from, 248. Imitomyia, the Dipterous genus, 64. Indiana, Syrphide of Northern, 273. Insect larvae and pupe, method of pre- serving, 117. 5 Insects, the variation of, 121. aay aes from the Franconia region oO Isotoma klovstadi, 242. macnamarai, 244, 265. 4 nigra, 244, 265. * palustris, 244. 4 saltans, 243. viridis riparia, 244. of, 271. we ae ‘ 285 article by, 117. article by, 32. Jackson, F. S., JOHNSON, (Ce W., Kalpa = Delphacodes, 8. Kansas, a butterfly new to, 257. KENNEDY, Care , article by, lif ones s Insecta, "Fauna Boreali- Americana, 104. Kuwania, characters of, 110. ss quercus, 111. Kuwanina obseurata, 251. Labidomera cliv icollis, 65. Labrador, a new Anthomyiid from, 277. ie ate of the genus Lachniella, some new, 8, 41. Lachniella arizonica, n. sp., 22. % atlantica, n. sp., 21. burrilli, n. sp., 492. caudelli, He Sp. 45. edulis, n. sp., 44. gracilis, n. sp., 20. inoptis, n. sp., 18. montana, n. sp., 42. montanensis, n. sp., 45. nigra, n. sp., 41. pacifica, n. sp., 21. pergandet, n. sp., 46. pinivora, n. sp., 44, schwarzi, n. sp., 46. synonym of Lachnus, 7A thunbergi, n. sp., 19. vandyket, n. sp., 19. Lachnus and Lachniella, use of the names, ALL. Larch case bearer, notes on the, 264. LEONARD, M. D., article by, 178. Lepidoptera i in Barbados, 177. Leptinotarsa, variation in, 1. Leptophlebia betteni, habitat of, 139. af life- history cf, 140. ns mollis, 143. a praepedita, 143. Leptostylus parvus, 65. Leptothrips mali, 189. Lestes, species from the Franconia region of, ce ce Leucobrephos brephoides, habits of, 98. Leuc opelmonus, characters of, 33. confusus, 33. Leucorrhinia, species from region of, 15. Libellula, species from the Franconia region of, 14 Limnophila angustior, n. sp., 163. . apiculata, n. sp., 164. zs edentaia, n. sp., 164. the Franconia Liogma nodicornis flaveola, n. subsp., 195. Listronotus floridensis, 68. Longitarsus fuscicornis, n. sp., 65. solidaginis, 65. Lophocarenum minakianum, n. sp., 105. Lopidea, New England records of, 72 McATEE, W. L., article by, 225, 257. McDunnoueu, J , articles by, 92, 102 MacGIitiivray A. D., article by, 33. MACNAMARA, C., articles by, 738, 241, 265 Macromia illinoiensis. 13. Macropis morsei, 205. Macrosiphum ribiellum, n. sp., 231. 286 INDEX TO VOLUME‘LI. Ma ttocu, J. R., articles by, 95, 96, 248, 256, 274, 277. Manitoba, a new Ciside from, 158. Manitoba irsects, fragments in the _life- habits of, 97. Mestogenius subcyaneus, 29. MATHESON, R., article by, 199. Matutinus, 8. May-fly ovipositor, the, 139, 143. Megachile inermis, 125. ’ ligniseca, IPaay notes on latimanus group of, 85 Megaly bus crassus, 58. gracilis, 60. obesus, 60. pictus, 58. subcylindricus, 61. synonym of Thyllis, 54 subcylindricus, 61. ry tristis, 60. Megamelus timehri, n. sp., 36. Megilla maculata, 174. Membracide, four new African, 220. Meteorus triangularis, n. sp., 115. Metopsarcophaga, characters of, 154. incurva, 155, 157. pachyprocta, 155, 157. pachyproctosa, n. sp., 155, ae ae 157. Metopsarcophaga tothilli, n. sp., 155, 157. Microcentrum, propleuron of, 148. Molophilus bispinosus, n. sp., 192. . squamosus, n. sp., 191. Molerchus semiustus, 65. Morphological studies, a plea for more ac-' curate taxonomy in, 278. Morris, F. J. A., articles by, 1, 49. Morrison, E. R., article by, 139. MUESEBECK, C. F. W., article by, 113. Murr, F., article by, 6, 35. Musca domestica, attracted by smoke, 100. Mycetophagus pini, 28. My riopods from British Columbia, 119. 4 in Barbados, 175. Myzocallis alnifoliz, 234, ‘i californicus, var pallidus, n. var., 248. My Z0ce allis quercifolit, n. sp., 247. quercus, 247. My Zus cynosbati, 233, 234. dispar, 233. houghtonensis, 233. a cibitolits233. y eo utibisa2oa: neomexicanus, 232. Nannothemis bella, 14. National Collection of Insects, 53. Nehalennia irene, 11. Neoclytus erythrocephalus, 65. Nephrotoma euceroides, n. sp., 172. New Hampshire, Odonata from, 9. Nicentrus grossulus, 68. Nicoray, A. S., article by, 86. Nilaparvata = Delphacodes, 7. Nova Scotian Eupterygid leaf-hoppers, 225. Oak gall from Arizona, a new, 254. OsiTuARY NOTICES: Dop, F. H. WoxLLeEy, 239. WILLIsTON, S. W., 39. Ochthebius martini, n. sp., 212. Odonata in Barbados, 175 “of the Franconia region, N. H., 9. “of the Franconia region, addition to, 95. Oecanthus nigricornis, propleuron of, 148. . Olene dorsipennaia, n. sp., 102. notes on the genus, 102. table of species, 103. Onkelos, 6. Onthophagus alutaceus, n. sp., 31. Ophishoniny us, species from Franconia region ore 12! Opiconse va = Delphacodes, 7. Opsebius nipponensis, n. sp., 94. Orchesia castanea, breeding i in fungi, 204. Orothrips kelloggii yosemitii, 181. Orthoptera in Antigua, 217. e ‘“ Barbados, 175. : ; propleura and pronotal sulci of, oe 147. Osmia fulviventris, 125. ‘purpurea, 125. Otidocephalus dichrous, 68. Ottnotus arcuatus, n. sp., 222. “ -ptlosus, n. spi 222. OUELLET, J., article by, 118. ee ee Panurgine bees of North Dakota, 205. Panurginus, innuptus, 208. iP nebrascensis, 208. piercei, 309. renimaculatus, 208. simulans, 208. Parajulus hewitti, n. sp., 119. Pardcsa vancouveri, 105, 106. PARKER, R. R., article by, 154. PARSHLEY, H. M., article by, 70. Pear thrips, in British Columbia, 185. “” occurrence in Ontario of, 85. Pedilus parvicollis, n. sp., 216. Pelenomus sulcicollis, habits of, 199. ES stages of, 201. Pentarthrinus atrelucens, 69. Perdita bruneri, 206. canadensis, 205. ‘““ citrinella, 207. ‘““ ~ Jaticincta, 206. martini, 207. ‘““ perpallida, 207. ““ swenki, 206. tridentata, n. sp., 206. Phengodes floridensis, n. sp., 30. Philanthide, new, 81. Phoride, a new species from Illinois of, 256. Piscatorial entomology, 257. Pissonotus megalostylus, n. sp., 36. Plathemis lydia, 14 Platydema ellipticum and its fungus host, 276. , Plebeius icarioides blackmoret, n. var., 92 4 Podura aquatica, 75. : .) Peecilopsis rachela, habits of, 97. Polyphylla occidentalis, 31. Pompiloides canadensis, n. sp., 82. Populer and Practical Entomology, 2, 25, 49, 73, 97, 121, 173, 217, 241, 265. Psammochares ‘lasiope, n. sp., 'g1. Psammocharide, new, 81 Psithyrus ashtoni, 127. s vestalis, 127. Pundaluoya, 7. cc a ae INDEX TO VOLUME LI. 287 Rhagoletis pomonella, 2. Rhinogastrophilus nasalis, oviposition of, 120. Rhinomacer pilosus, 68. Rhomalea microptera, pronotal sulci of, 151. propleuron of, 147. Rhopalosiphum britteni, 232. lactuce, 232. - sonchi, 232. RouWER, S. A., article by, 160. Ross, W. A., articles by, 16, 85. Row ey, R. R., article by, 226. Saltusaphis elongata, 234. Samia, variation in, 123. Saprinus castanipennts, n. sp., 214. S iris, n. sp., 214. rugostfrons, n. sp., 213. Saskatchewania canadensis, 64. Serica evidens, n. n. for S.carinata Bl., 153. Siphonophora achyrantes, 231. SLADEN, F. W. L., articles by, 85, 124. Sminthurus hortensis, 75. Situ, M. R., article by, 273. Snow, Collembola on, 242. Sogata, characters and species of, 8. Somatochlora, species from the Franconia region of, 14. Sophropompilus quadrispinosus, n. sp., 82. Sphzrococcus casuarine, 249. characters of, 249. Spiders from Canada and adjoining States, new, 105. Stelis aliena, n. sp., 27. STEVENS, O. A., article by, 205. Stigmacoccus asper, 108. characters of, 108. Stomacoccus platani, 113. STONER, D., articles by , 173, 217. Strongylium anthrax, 66. pee coors stygica, immature stages of, aa Sulcacis lengi, breeding in fungi, 203. Swederus, N. American Diptera described by, 32. eee, species from Franconia region of, 15. Symphypleona, -74. Syrphide of Northern, Indiana, 273. Tachydromia harti, n. sp., 248. Tachygonus lecontei, 68. Taeniothrips i inconsequens, 185. occurrence in On- tario of, 85. Taphrocerus agriloides, 30. albonotatus, n. sp., 29. Taxonomy in morphological studies, a plea for more accurate, 278. Telephorus carolinus, 215. # neglectus, n. sp., 215. Tetragoneuria canis, 14. Tetrastichus rugglesi, n. sp., 160. Tettix granulatus, pronotal sulci of, 151. propleuron of, 148, Thecodiplosis mosellana in Ontario, 16. Theisoa, synonymy of Helice and, 203. Thrips, pear, 185. “occurrence in Ontario of, 85. physapus, 188. ok tabaci, 188. Thyllis, the Cyrtid Genus, 54. Thyllis compressa, 56. © Strassa, 50800: ‘“ obesa, 56, 60. oe turgida, 55. Thysanoptera from British Columbia, 181. Tingide, some new Canadian, 159. Tipula calopteroides, n. sp., 168. fragilina, n. sp., 171. ludoviciana, n. sp., 196. manahatta, n. sp., 169. nebulipennts, n. sp., 170. noveboracensts, n. sp., 167. ‘“ pendultfera, n. sp., 166. phoroctenia, n. sp., 170. “ plutonts, n. sp., 197. ‘‘ shasta, n. sp., 198. Tomocerus flavescens, 76. TownseEnp, C. H. T., article by, 120. Toxotropis floridanus, 68. Toya = Delphacodes, 8. TREHERNE, R. C., article by, 181. Trichocera colei, n. sp., 162. Tricyphona macateei, n. sp., 166. i petiolata, n. sp., 194. Trigonura hicorie, n. sp., 160. Trogosita hubbardi, 29. Trout-stream insects, American, 257. Tyloderma levicollis, n. sp., 69. maculata, 69. Typhlocyba querci, key to varieties of, 225. var. grata, n. var., 226. var. scripta, n. var., 226. var. volans, n. var., 225. ae ae ae ae ae Ugyops, 6. Upachara, 6. Vacuna californica, 246. ‘““ dryophila, 247. Variation of insects, the, 121. Vespa carolina, 129. WALKER, E. M.., articles by, 23, 39, 131, 260, 279, 280. Wess, H. B., articles by, 86, 203, 255, 276. WELD, L. H., article by, 254. Wheat Midge in Ontario, identity of, 16. WHITEHOUSE, F. C., article by, 239. WItson, H. F., articles by, 18, 41. Winy, A. F., article by, 104. Xy lococcus betulez, 110. characters of, 109. X ysticus acquiescens, n. sp., 107. ‘« ontariensts, n. sp., 108. Zuleika, 7. Mailed December, 20, 1919 QL The Cenedian entomologist 719 Vv. 50-5] Als! PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET CB ne en UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY mee A : : Sone ome 0 a eras eee > fate A RE le yl eee AE pete ~~