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THE CANADIAN

Be OV] Ole TS 1

SW -OWSUINER, Xx xeyene

EDITED BY THE

Reo. C. I. S. Bethune, HM. a. B.C. Z,,

—

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.

AS Sai Sl) Sire

J. Fletcher, Ottawa; H. H. Lyman, Montreal, and
Rev. T- W. Fyles, South Quebec.

Hondon, Ont. :

LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING CO.

1894.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME.

+

ASHMEAD, W. H

BVA ICG Ol Bahay OAL Ec Scie tid enemas

BANKS, N
BEAN, Tr. E

BETHUNE, REV. C. J. S. (The Editor)...
3 ...2.-++ TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA.

BIGAT GUE AY meWV oct ste se

LeU NCI 3) ILA. 1a ee vier Peary

AMIE VAENIRED eer Ree ao ote
COCKE RELIEF Ay:

COOMWME LED Wier ae ec

DAVIS, G. C
DYAR, HARRISON G
HDI WORD Bey cnicss sack:

EO WED Sy Wie dears cies ats So
VER RUINGAINING, (Gay Avan tant ates ee

WLLIS, CARLYLE

EAMES LT ae vee ee eea ae

a5 Cal etal al epee acginae

TSUN CIDE dees (OG sls Gage

BBE Dee Artisans coe

FLETCHER, JAMES........ Ae or:
OAD Spl Ee meetin <i sehaeean
PRENGH, PROF G. H.. .v.\.:

TSU 1 an 0p ed oP

GIVUb LE, CPs. .
GROW A. R
GUIGNARD, J. A

HANHAM, A. W
HEATE, 2. F

EL OMISENS sas ey cei

ELOY DR Me NO) cs oh ytosctetee kis

ORD AIN e MiDS SAG Mies oars.
KEMEICORE PROD. DS;

LEE; Gd.

Ti; FIVE RT Ne ey lenia ater oem deeds nice, arose »

LONNBERG, DR. E.:.
LRA Wad Pred we Leola LE 2a 3

ata ia ,é le 006 o'Gn wise ales) d dia 6

eee ewww ee

WASHINGTON, D. C.
Forr CoLiins, COLORADO,

22 SEA) CEIR ES SING mic

.. COLESBORNE, ENGLAND.

LAGGAN, ALBERTA.
Port Hore

Lonpon, ENGLAND.
PHILADELPHIA, Pa.
Las Cruces, NEW MEXICO.

.Los ANGELES, CAL,

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH,
NEw YORK.

COALBURGH, WEST Va.
PITTSBURG, PA.

. TORONTO,

COLESBORNE, ENGLAND.

HORT PLAIN, NeoY.
.. AMHERST, Mass,

.. MILTON, Mass,

.. OTTAWA.

.. PHILADELPHIA, PA.

CARBONDALE, ILL.
SOUTH QUEBEC.

. Fort CoLiins, COLORADO.

PEAS VICIIERE IN SIDR @UEWIN ie oretens.<!eieunts ater oe

HARRINGTON, W. HAGUE..

BREMEN, GERMANY.
OTTAWA.
ALLEGHENY, Pa.
WINNIPEG.

.. OTTAWA.

sse+-e+++-CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA.
WOWTIEAIN DERE) Wis Pepe tercys rs fativtanee aha

PITTSBURG, PA.

.. MORGANTOWN, WEST VA.

WASHINGTON, D. C.

.. NAPA, CALIFORNIA.

TOTES INIUASIN cE Ae Stet cele Sire reece ne

CoLUMBUS, OHIO. /

. RIDGEWAY.
.. CLEVELAND, OHIO.

Yo SEMITE, CAL.

.. UPSALA, SWEDEN.

Ae Serie es MONTREAL.

MVEA C Gals Te VISA Ae ai) retieenct ea sg) Sh eoks aia. See LWA CAsy INA WY.

DARE AT De Cilesniaceuenink.!

MOREA Meow, |...

NEU MOEGEN, B.
OSBORN, PROF. HERBERT.
PATTON, W. HAMPTON
PROUT, L. B..
SCUDDER, S. H
SHERATON, W..
SNYDER, W. E...
STEWART, G
STRECKER, DR. H
STROMBERG, C. W..

eee ee eee

TOWNSEND, C. H. TYLER

os
VAN DUZEE, E. P

WARNER. MISS H. H
WEBSTER, PROF. F. M
WICKHAM, H. F......

WIL®ISTON, PROF, S. W.......

Bid Toe). 6

.. WASHINGTON, D. C.

.. LONDON,

ONT.

.. NEW YORK.

eee bosere

. AMES,

Iowa.
HARTFORD, CONN,

.. LONDON, ENGLAND.

«sib ae hie ah

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.

... LORONTO.

. BEAVER DAM, WISCONSIN,
.. LORONTO.

READING, Pa.

.. GALESBURG, ILL.
Las Cruces, NEw MEXICO.
LONDON, ENGLAND.

see OU DAT Os Ns es

LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY.
WooOSTER, OHIO.

Iowa City, Iowa,
LAWRENCE, KANSAS.

‘LIBRARY,

ee ey

ENCE

BETHUNE.

5

J

Gi

REV

The exaion atomel logit.

VOL. XXVE LONDON, JANU ARY, 1894. No.

OUR QUARTER CENTENARY.

How swift the flight of time appears—
As t’were but yesterday

The fourth part of an hundred years
Has winged its course away !

Through all these years our folded page
Has monthly shown its face ;

So many moons of science sage
Succeeding in the race!

The story that we had to tell
Of bee and butterfly,

Our story—have we told it well,
With love and earnestly ?

O, with the lapse of years, how small
Do all our quarrels seem !

Like children’s play, or like the fall
Of shadows on a stream !

This story of the spider’s nest,
Of beetles, black or gray,

Is but a story, at the best,
Told by ephemera !

Still is it the pwrsuct of truth
Where all the pleasure lies,

A perfect knowledge—/fat, in sooth
Is hidden from our eyes.

Upon this quest our little barque
Has bravely held its way,

On board a crew of men of mark
As e’er sailed for Cathay ;

And all our volumes, as they lie,
Came ever opportune,
Thanks to the patient industry
Of Saunders and Bethune!
January, 1894 A. R. GRore.

2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1894.

With the December number, the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST completed
its twenty-fifth volume. The Council of the Entomological Society of
Ontario have endeavored to make it as useful as possible to the working
entomologists of North America. The publications of our Society con-
sist chiefly of the ANNUAL REpoRT published by the Hon. Minister of
Agriculture and Arts of Ontario, in his annual report to the Legislature,
and the monthly magazine, the CANADIAN ENromo.Locist. The former
of these is devoted particularly to papers of economic interest, and is
distributed not only to our own members, but to every member of the
Fruit Growers’ Association of Ontario, to members of Parliament, the
Mechanics’ Institutes, etc., making an issue of about 6,000 copies. The
CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is published periodically, so as to give an
opportunity to authors to describe new species and to record observations
of scientific interest. In starting a new volume, the Editor and Council
desire to thank their many eminent and sympathetic contributors for their
valuable assistance in the past, and trust that by careful attention to their
wishes and prompt publication of their articles they will be able not only
to keep up the standard of excellence and popularity to which the maga-
zine has attained, but to show every entomologist on the continent that
the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is indispensable, if he wishes to keep in
touch with what is going on in connection with his studies. The Council
presents herewith, as a frontispiece to the new volume, a likeness of the
Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, who for so many years and so acceptably has edited
this magazine. They feel sure that contributors and readers who have
not had the pleasure of meeting Dr. Bethune will be as much pleased to
receive his likeness as a New Year’s card from the Council, as we know
those will be who have made his personal acquaintance and experienced

his genial courtesy as editor.
W. H. HarrRINGTON,

President of the Entomological Society of Ontario.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3

_— —_—————

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PHY-
CIODES CARLOTA, REAKIRT (CHARIDRYAS
ISMERIA, SCUDDER).

BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

Ecc.—Pear-shaped, broad at base and rounded, tapering rapidly to a
small, slightly depressed, truncated summit ; marked by about twenty-four
low, vertical, not sharply defined ribs, which extend a little more than
half way from the top to base, but vary in\ individuals ; below the ribs to
base thickly covered with shallow and irregular (both as to size and shape)
indentations, not separated by definite ridges or threads; colour, when
laid, pale green. Duration of this stage, nine days.

Younc Larva.—Length, at one day from the egg, .o8 m. ; cylindrical,
even, each segment rounded, with black hairs or processes rising from
concolored minute tubercles, arranged as in Zharos and JVycteis ; colour
green with a tint of brown ; head scarcely broader than 2; obovoid, bi-
lobed, black-brown, with many short and curved black hairs over the
face. Duration of this stage, between two and three days.

After first moult : length, at one day, .12-inch ; each segment rounded ;
colour variable, either dark-brown altogether, or light yellow-brown with
a darker sub-dorsal stripe; under side, feet and legs, yellow-brown; armed
with spines as in the genus, these being small, conical, shining black, with
black bristles about the sides, and one larger at the top ; head nearly as
before. Duration of this stage, three days.

After second moult: length, at one day, .18 to .20 inch; shape as be-
fore, the spines somewhat longer in proportion; colour variable, some
being wholly yellow-brown, some light-brown (not so yellow), and both
these types sometimes have a dark-brown sub-dorsal stripe ; some are all
dull green, and some are pale black, a little mottled with gray ; the
spines are black and rise from small shining black tubercles ; head as be-
fore. To next stage, from two to three days.

After third moult: length, at one day, .3 inch; same shape; the
lower lateral spines brown-yellow, the upper rows black, and in shape as
before ; colour variable, some being light yellow-brown, with a dark sub-
dorsal stripe, some brown-black, with a patch ot red-fulvous on dorsum of
2; others have a mid-dorsal row of such patches, one to each segment ;
others are reddish-brown ; in all the lower half of the side is different from
the upper part, being either greenish-brown, mottled more or less with
whitish, or light brown and so mottled, but without green ; head as before,

4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

About two-thirds of the larvee in July, and all in August and September,
went into lethargy immediately after third moult, shrinking to the length
of .24 and even to .2-inch, and becoming wider in the middle ; the rows
of spines were brought close together, with no visible interspaces.
But a few of the larve in July went on to fourth moult and pupation.
With these the duration of the stage was about three days.

After fourth moult: length, .5 inch; of three larve, all were black,
with red-fulvous dorsal band. Probably in a large number the colours
would be quite as variable as after third moult.

Mature Larva.—Length, .8 inch. Colour (of three examples under
view), deep black, specked with white or yellow-white ; a red-fulvous mid-
dorsal band from 2 to 13, sometimes widening on 2, interrupted by the
tubercles after 4; along the lower half of side the black ground is much
mottled with white, so as to have the effect of a white band, and on either
edge is a macular white line, most complete on the upper ; the spines, as
in the genus, rising from shining black tubercles, and are concolored with
them, tapering to a blunt point, out of which springs a straight short
‘bristle, and there are many such about the sides from top to base ; under
side gray-brown ; the feet black, pro-legs gray-brown ; head obovoid, bi-
lobed, shining black, with many short curved-down black hairs from black
tubercles. From fourth moult to pupation about six days.

CurysaLis.—Length, .54 inch; shape of Zzaros, and resembling that
species at all points ; head case narrow, excavated at the sides, nearly
‘square at top, a very little depressed ; mesonotum rather prominent, not
carinated, the summit rounded, the sides a little incurved; followed by a
shallow depression ; the abdominal segments somewhat raised anteriorly
and compressed into a low and narrow transverse ridge, which reaches
from one sub-dorsal tubercle to its fellow, but on 6 and 7 extends one
tubercle farther ; in all, the five upper rows of tubercies of the larva are
here reproduced, low, conical, buff ; general colour white, with pale black
markings, specks, and abbreviated lines, so that the effect is gray, or
pepper and salt, over the entire dorsal area,and the abdomen ; but the
wing cases have a tint of brown ; across these last an extra discal, sinuous
row of seven clear white dots; the antennal cases blackish, with many
dull white cross bars. Duration of this stage, eight days.

Considering what a common species CARLOTA is over at least one-
third of the territory of the United States, it is remarkable that so little
has been published respecting it. M. Scudder, Butt. N. E., p. 1811, says;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5

—_——_—_

“This butterfly (Zsmeria) is found over a wide extent of territory, being
known south of lat. 40° from the Atlantic to the Rocky Mountains, and
at the higher levels of the west, even into the heart of Colorado, and as
far north as Montana, and, according to Geddes, at Brandon, Manitoba.
Little is known of its history, or how many broods there are, or how it
passes the winter . . . . It awaits a biographer.” French, Butt., p. 175,
gives as its habitat, “Southern and Western States, Rocky Mountains,
Montana to Arizona, occasionly in West Virginia.” Mr. T. L. Mead,
Wheeler Report, 1875, p. 763, says : ‘‘ Not uncommon at the lower levels
and at Denver. Females much worn were taken early in June, so it is
probable that the species appears about the first of May, though some-
what later in the mountains.”

Mr. Bruce writes :—‘‘ Cardofa is common in every part of Colorado
that I have visited, and in the eastern part of the State is _par-
ticularly abundant up to about 8,o00 feet altitude. At and near
Denver it flies early in May and again in midsummer. There are also a
few individuals in September, a partial brood. In July, it may be seen
near the foothills and in neglected clearings on flowers, the many species
of Erigeron being the favourites. The disks of these flowers will be hid-
den by the many Car/ofa and with them P, Camid/us. It collects in im-
mense swarms in certain damp places, such as where a stream has over-
flowed and left the ground in that condition. Larve of all sizes can be
found almost all summer in great numbers upon the leaves of the food-
plants. I have sometimes seen hundreds of them running along the
railway track in search of food, having eaten every leaf from the patch of
sunflowers where the eggs had been deposited, at the edge of the prairies
and along the various canons and gulches.” But Mr. H, W. Nash, at
Pueblo, writes me he has rarely seen this species there.

I have never seen this butterfly on the wing but once, and that was at
Coalburgh, May 3, 1878, when a fresh male was taken near my house.
On 17th July, 1867, another was taken here by a visitor. Mr. A. D.
Hopkins, of the West Virginia Agricultural Station, at Morgantown,
writes me that on July 8th, 1890, he found Car/ota abundant in Upshur
Co., on the summit of Stone Coal Mountain, flying in the road and in
damp places on the road.

The single mention in books of any of the early stages is by Mr. Dyar,
Can. Ent., XXV., p. 93, 1893, who briefly describes an adult larva found

6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

by him in Colorado, apparently after it had changed colour for pupation ;
he also describes the pupa from it, but unfortunately gives no feature
whatever by which a pupa could be identified or determined.

.

Mr. Scudder assumes that /smeria, B. & L., is the same species as
Carlota, and gives that name priority. No one would ever know it from
either the description or Boisduval’s plate (A. D. 1833). In Butt. N. E.,
the description of larva and chrysalis is translated thus: Adult larva
“ yellow, with blackish spines and three longitudinal stripes (of blackish) ;
the thoracic legs and ventral surface black, the other legs yellow.” ‘The
chrysalis: ‘‘ashen gray, with some paler light spots and little dorsal
tubercles nearly white.” This description of the larva has no application to
Carlota, and that of the chrysalis is too indefinite for identification. The
figures of both are wholly out of drawing, and of the insects so barred and
striped and spotted as to be unrecognizable. I had a copy of the book,
and Mr. Reakirt had access to one, but to neither of us did it occur that
Ismeria was what was called Car/ota. It appears that Mr. Scudder, some
years after the date of Reakirt’s name, saw certain unpublished drawings
by Abbot, in the British Museum, among which was /smeria. Boisduval
credits Abbot. Now, many of Abbot’s figures, especially of larvae and
pupe, are bad as can be, and where Boisduval has copied them there is
no improvement on the original. Whether it is a true copy or not, Bois-
duval’s figures of /smeria do not represent Cardota, and by comparing
the description with the figures it is plain that it has been drawn from the
plate and not from nature. It fits no American butterfly. Consequently,
the name /smeria has been rejected by every American lepidopterist, so
far as I know, except Mr. Scudder, and the species is known as Car/ota.
It is right that any species so figured and described should have no
standing.

It will be seen that the egg of Car/ota is closely like that of Zharos,
built on the same plan, same shape, same ribs, though they are more
numerous, (about twenty-four in Cardota to about fifteen in Zharos), same
thimble-like depressions below the ribs. It differs somewhat from the egg
of WVyctezs, which is taller in proportion to its breadth, and which shows
the depressions for a space below the ribs, while the lower part is smooth.
The young larvee of all three species are alike in shape and armature.
The adult Car/ota is more like JVyctecs in one respect, namely, that its
pines are larger in proportion than those of Zharos. I discern no other

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 7

difference. In the chrysalis Carlota is like Zharos, and differs much
from /Vyctezs, which is built on the plan of P#aeton and the true Meliteas.
In habits, all three are essentially alike. I should put ZAraos and
Batesii, with Camillus, Picta, and other western species in one group.
Car/ota in the next, and /Vycfe7s in the third, of the genus Phyciodes.

I first received larve of Car/ota on the 15th of July, 1893, from Mr. |
Charles A. Wiley, of Miles City, Montana, about a dozen, past second
and third moults, found on sunflower. On 24th, one larva pupated, on
28th another, and a third adult was put in alcohol. The rest of this lot
went into hibernation immediately after third moult, gathering in clusters
on a leaf, on a slight bed of spun silk.

On roth August, I received another invoice of larve in younger
stages from Mr. Wiley, after first and second moults. All these hiber-
nated after third moult.

On Sept. 8th, came a cluster of about seventy-five eggs, from Mr.
Gillette, at Fort Collins, Colorado, laid by a female confined on leaf of Iva
Xanthifolia, 2nd Sept. Mr. Gillette informed me that at the same date
full-grown larve were abundant on same plant and also Helianthus
annuus. ‘These eggs were laid three deep, the bottom layer in rows of
nine eggs each, standing on their bases and close together ; the next layer
consisted of about a dozen, laid mostly on their sides, and the third layer
of three or four only. These eggs hatched, Sept. 11th, or after nine days.
Mrs. Peart compared these eggs with eggs of Synchloe Zacinia, which we
had at the same time, and wrote me: ‘There is very little difference
between the two, about the same number of ribs (24), which reach a
little more than half way the length of sides, not so much as two-
thirds, but variable as to length; the indentations below the ribs
shallow and irregular, the meshes between the indentations not sharply
defined; the same is true of the ribs also; the tops of both are
very little depressed, but Cuar/ota is of lesser diameter,” These
larve went on to third moult, passing each moult the same day.
I noticed the habit they had when alarmed of swaying the anterior half (or
more) of the body from side to side, all moving together, and just as may
be seen in larve of Melitea Phaeton and other species of that genus.
Almost at once after passing the third moult, zoth September, they
gathered in clusters on the side of the box or on the leaves, shrunk up

8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and slept. This is like the behaviour of Vyctezs, as related by me in
Can. Ent., XI., 102, 1879, only that Myctezs hibernated after second
moult, instead of third. In Vyctezs (p. 104, 1. c.), of g2 larve of, the June
brood, 32 or about one-third hibernated, while the rest went on to pupa-
tion. Of 11 Carlota, from Montana, of July brood (probably the first
brood), about two-thirds hibernated ; of the August brood (probably the
second), all hibernated. The larvee from Colorado, of September (the
last brood of the year), all hibernated. .As fresh examples were taken at
Coalburgh 3rd May and 17th July, there is evidence of two broods at
least.

I gave these larve leaves of Actinomeris squarosa, the food of
WVycteis, and of the Aster, the food of Zhavos, but they refused both and
fed only on sunflower.

NOTE ON COPIDRYAS PLATENSIS.
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M.

I have suggested in “ Papilio” that this South American species
belongs to Copfidryas, and is congeneric with our C. Glovert. Berg's
original description says of the frontal structure :—‘“ Fronte valde pro-
minenti, supra cornu complanato depressione declivi marginata fusca
ornata.” This character agrees well with Copidryas, but not with Zudryas,
in which latter the front is not horned.

Of the colours of P/atensis, Berg says, the hind-wings are ochraceous
with broad and even pale fuscous marginal band, and compares the orna-
mentation with that of wzéo. ‘There can thus be no shadow of doubt that
my £. cypris, with its vermilion red unbanded secondaries and related to
E. grata rather than to wz2o, is specificially and generically distinct. Berg
uses Luthisanotia insteadof Zudryas. Hubner’s genus has mixed contents,
and so far as I can see, from what literary material I have at hand, Bois-
duval was justified, in 1836,in proposing a, new generic title for grata
and uzio.

Eudryas cypris, from Paraguay, is allied very clearly to our North
American Z. grata; it is perhaps a still handsomer species from the red
colour of hind-wings and under surface. The Audriine are generally
quite pretty moths, while I think the palm for beauty must lie between
Ludryas cypris and our North Am. Ciris Wilsonz.

——

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

lo}

AN ENTOMOLOGICAL TRIP TO COPPER CLIFF, ONT.

BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA.

In June, 1892, in company with Mr. Fletcher, who was anxious to
obtain Hrebia Discoidalis, Kirby, I made a visit to the famous Sudbury
mining region. Leaving Ottawa on the 15th, at 3.40 p.m.,we arrived at Cop-
per Cliff at5 a.m. the following day. As the hour was so early we tried a
little collecting before calling on our friend, Mr. J. D. Evans, manager of
the copper and nickel mines, who had kindly invited us to stay with him.
Everything was rather moist, however ; and but little could be found at
this early hour except a few examples of Banchus flavescens. After break-
fast, and some ertomological discussions with our host, we sallied forth
again, but showers interfered materially with collecting, and we were able
to do little more than gain an idea of the character of our surroundings.
The district, which is situated about long. 81 W., lat. 46.30 N., is in
general somewhat similar in character to the description given by Dr.
Hamilton, in a recent paper, of Sparrow Lake, from which it is distant
about 150 miles in a north-westerly direction, while it is about 30 miles
north of the Georgian Bay. ‘This region is much broken with small hills
and hummocks of Laurentian formation, which formerly were apparently
covered by heavy forests of pine and other conifers, but which have been
swept by fires, and now are sparsely clothed by a second growth of shrubs
and small deciduous trees which are springing up among the burnt stumps
and logs ; while in numerous places the bare glaciated knobs of rock are
exposed. Between the hills are occasional small areas of seemingly fertile
soil, but usually these low places are swampy and contain the plants com-
mon to such moist habitats. The entrance to the Copper Cliff mine
faces on a somewhat level piece of ground of moderate area, which has
been converted into an artificial so/fatara, where the glare of molten slag
and the fumes of burning sulphur strongly remind one of a volcanic dis-
trict. In the immediate vicinity of the roasting grounds, and for a radius
of several hundred yards around, especially in the direction of the pre-
valent winds, vegetation has been completely destroyed by the sulphuric
acid, with which every shower drenches the ground. Beyond the
denuded area the effects are visible for a long distance in the discolora-
tion and bleaching of the plants, which sometimes produce not unpleasant
shades of colour or variegations of foliage. Near the mine a small stream
flows down through a beaver-meadow, and further up it has been dammed
to supply water for the mine. ‘The stream is fringed with alder, willow,

10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
cornel, etc., and the meadow. which has been caused by a former beaver-
dam, is covered with coarse grass and sedges, and bordered by small
spruce and tamarack.

The afternoon was brighter and Mr. Evans drove us down to Sudbury
(about five miles), so that we might visit with him the locality where he
had captured five examples of the desired Erebia on rzth May, 1889
(Ottawa Naturalist, Vol. IIL, p. 154.) It was of course a month later,
but he was almost certain that he had seen one of these butterflies flit past
the Sudbury Railway Station a week before, and we had hopes that we
might obtain the coveted insect. Along the road every butterfly that
flitted on ahead was anxiously watched, but each proved to belong to
some commoner species. We collected many fine examples of Phyciodes
WVycteis, which was very abundant and in perfect condition. We also
obtained, under the loose bark of a stump, a pupa of this species which
transformed to the imago during our visit.

From Sudbury we walked across the country in the direction of the
Stobie mine; the ground being, as usual, rough and largely covered with
ferns and brambles, interspersed with clumps of small poplars, birches,
chokecherries, etc. No trace of Erebia could be found, but smaller and
less remarkable insects occurred in fair numbers, including several
species of saw-flies, of which Zenthredo semirufa was the most abundant.
Black-flies (Szmudium) were, however, so numerous and voracious that
they made collecting very difficult, while they were ably assisted by the
deer-flies (Cirysops.) I have had opportunities of becoming acquainted
with such intrusive insects from the Atlantic to the Pacific, but I think
that the black-flies of Sudbury could take first place for persistence of
attack. Having separated from my companions, who carried the bottle
of mosquito-oil, I was finally obliged to beat a retreat to the village, where
my gory visage excited the risibilities of some of the inhabitants and in-
duced them to size me up asa “tenderfoot.” One mining individual
went so far as to make some personal reflections on my “everlastingly
chawed up” appearance, for which he afterwards apologized by stating
that he had recently suffered in the same way himself, and he offered to
confirm his unintention of giving offence, by inviting me to inspect the
nearest poison (not fly) dispensary, hoping probably to find out if I was
prospecting, or interested in mining areas.

Returning to Copper Cliff we spent a very pleasant and profitable
evening examining the fine collections made by Mr. Evans in this district,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. vg

as well as those which he had gathered at Trenton. The next morning
he advised us to go up along the beaver-meadow, and this proved to be
the most interesting and profitable collecting ground which we found.
Along the short wood-road leading up along the brook to the meadow,
Carterocephalus Mandan occurred abundantly and a few other butterflies
were not uncommon, while coleoptera and hymenoptera were moderately
plentiful. In the meadow itself we captured a number of interesting
species, of which the rarest was Wematoplus collaris, which has not been
recorded from Canada. Four examples were taken of this beetle and an
equal number of Dodichosama foveicolle, a species which at Ottawa has
only been once taken, in a similar habitat. JVemia episcopalis was com-
mon with An/soticta strigata, and several examples of Ditylus ceruleus
occurred on low plants. Ovrsodacna atra was exceedingly abundant,
and variable both in size and colour, and several svecies of Lampyride
were more or less common. In the sluggish stream which divided the
meadow, Donacia proxima was as usual on lily-pads, while D. dstincta,
D. subtilis and D. emarginata ? were swept from the fringing sedges and
shrubs: Of hymenoptera the most conspicuous was Z7ichiosoma triangu-
Jum, upon small willows and spireas. Some fifty or more were taken,
which, with few exceptions, were males. Along the borders of the adjacent
wood several fine ichneumons were taken, including males of Coleocentrus
Pettitii, of which Mr. Fletcher subsequently obtained females (CANADIAN
Enromo.ocist, Vol. XXV., page 30.) A pleasant breeze tempered the
heat and kept off the flies, so that we were enabled to collect most
pleasantly.

The afternoon was spent upon the adjacent hillocks, among the
stumps and debris of the old burnt woods, which formerly had yielded to
Mr. Evans large numbers of longicorns, etc., but which were then too old
to be longer tenanted by such insects. Several of the larger Pimpline
occurred here, such as Coleocentrus, Ephialtes, Euxorides, Xylonomus
and Ecthrus. Hibernated specimens of Vanessa antiopa and some
skippers were the only butterflies observed. Willows yielded numerous
examples of the pretty little weevil Rhyuchites cyanellus, also Orchestes
ephippiatus, O. subhirtus, Lepyrus geminatus, etc. ; spiked maples in
bloom furnished several elaters and some small bees and other hymen-
optera, while a fine male of Agri/us acutipennis was captured on birch.
In the evening we made, under the guidance of our host, an inspection
of the extensive smelting works, and were extremely interested in the

12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

several operations required to produce the large cakes of copper and
nickel known as ma¢te. The molten slag poured out on the dump-heaps
lit up the country for miles around and produced a very weird effect all
night. Mr. Fletcher had to leave for Ottawa by the night train, but I
remained two days longer and went over the same routes and somewhat
extended the area of investigation, but did not materially enlarge our list
of captures. A species of Diodontus (which I have not yet been able to
place with any of the described forms) was somewhat common, generally
at rest on leaves of maples, but not many specimens were collected as the
foliage was too damp for sweeping and the insects were too nimble to be
easily taken with the fingers alone. Oryssus Sayi was taken upon a
burnt pine tree, so that possibly it may infest this tree as well as the
maple and poplar.

The last day of my stay was so wet that no collecting could be done.
Mr. Evans did indeed go with me in the morning to the beaver-meadow,
where we waded about through the wet grass, but the rain became so
heavy that all the insects disappeared, except mosquitoes, which were ex-
ceptionally numerous and aggressive. My time was, however, not unpro-
fitably or unpleasantly spent, as fuller opportunity was afforded for
further examination of the extensive collection of beautifully prepared
specimens which has been gathered by Mr. Evans, and in which are
many rare and interesting species. Each evening numerous moths were
taken upon the study window screen, to which they were attracted by a
light arranged so as to serve for that purpose as well as for the preparation
of accumulated material.

To give some idea of the insects which may be taken in two or three
days at the season in question (middle of June), I append a list of the
species we collected, with the hope that at no late date our esteemed
friend and co-worker, Mr. Evans, will publish his promised catalogue of
the large and valuable collection he has made in this little-known region.
No attempt was made to collect Lepidoptera other than butterflies, or
Diptera (except a few of the larger species), while Orthoptera and Neurop-
tera were too few in number to be worth recording :—

LEPIDOPTERA.

Papilio Turnus, Linn, Common.

Pieris Napi, Esp., winter form Oleracea-Ayemailis, Harris. Several.
Colias Philodice, Gat.

Argyunis Myrina, Cram. Common in beaver-meadow.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13

Argynnis Bellona, Fab.

Phyciodes Tharos, Dru. Common along wood-road.

Phyciodes Nycteis, Doub—Hew. Common along roads.

Grapta Progne, Cram. One specimen.

Vanessa Antiopa, Linn. Hibernated individuals.

LNeonympha Eurytris, Fab.

Lycena Pseudargiolus, Bd.-Lec, ; winter form Zucia, Kirby. Not rare,
flitting over bushes of spiked-maple in flower.

Lycena Comyntas, Gat.

Feniseca Targuinius, Fab.

Chrysophanus Hypophleas, Bdv.

Carterocephalus Mandan,Edw. Abundant in wood-roads and openings.

Pamphila Zabulon, Bd.-Lec.. In open woods.

Pamphila Zabulon, Lin., aberrant 9 Pocahontas, Scud.

Pamphila Peckius, Kirby. In grassy localities.

Pamphila Mystic, Edw. Along borders of woods.

Nisoniades Icelus, Lint Common along wood-road.

Nisoniades Brizo, Bd.-Lec.

Fudamus Pylades, Scud. Border of woods.

HYMENOPTERA.

TENTHREDINIDE—Cimbex americana, Leach, var. La FPortei, St.
Farg. ¢; Zrichiosoma triangulum, Wirby ; Hylotoma McLeayi, Leach ;
H. clavicornis, Fab., 2 ; Nematus corniger, Norton; MW. pallicornis,
Norton ; Doderus aprilis, Norton; D. sericeus, Say ; Monophadnus
tibie, Norton, ¢; WZonostegia maculata, Norton; Selandria flavipes,
Norton ; Macrophya flavicoxe, Norton; M. contaminator, Prov., @ ;
M. n. sp. (?) 2; M. trisyllaba, Norton; M. varia, Norton, $; Pachy-
protasis delta, Prov.; Zaxonus rufipes, Harr., $3 Strongylogaster api-
calis, Sey, 3 93; S. soriculatus, Prov., 9; S. annulosus, Norton, 9 ;
Tenthredo rujipes, Say, 9; T. verticalis, Say, 23 7: semirufa, Norton,
2; ZL. signata, Norton? ¢ (probably the ¢ of semirufa); T. n. sp. (2)
2; LZ ruficolor, Norton (?) 9; Pamphilius ocreatus, Say, 2.

UrocerIp&—Oryssus Sayi, Westwood, @.

Cynipipa—Sfigites (Figitodes, Ash.) inermis, Prov. &.

ICHNEUMONIDE—Jchneumon malacus, Say, 2; L. acerbus, Cress., ¢;
I, subcyaneus, Cress., 6; 1. parvus,Cress., ¢; L. canadensis, Cress., ¢ ;
f. nigrovartegatus, Prov. (?); ZL. terminalis, Cress., (2); Amblyteles
stadaconensis, Prov, 6; A. perluctuosus, Prov., @.

14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Phygadeuon n. sp. 9; Cryptus proximus, Cress., 9; C. nuncius,
Say, 9; C. canadensis, Prov., g; C. un. sp., 9; Pesomachus sp. (canaden-
ses, Cress. ° gap

Exochilum fuscipenne, Norton, 2 ; Anomatlon anale, Say, 2 ; Paniscus
albotarsatus, Prov., 6 2; Campoplex sp.; Casinaria n. sp. (?), 9;
Limneria, 3 sp. not determined; Banchus flavescens, Cress, 9; B.
canadensis, Cress., 6; B.. borealis, Cress, 9); B. spinosas, ~ Cress:
(?), 9.

Mesoleptus, n. sp. (2?) ; Mesoleius sp. (2); Tryphon anatis, Cress., 6;
T: tibialis, Cress., ¢; Erromenus crassus, Cress., 9; &. pedalis, Cress.,
O sare. (Py on. sp. (P)3 Cleniscus, (spss i Leyston welaumties, OO Tessheat
Exochus levis, Cress, f; Orthocentrus sp.

Coleocentrus Pettitiz, Cress., 6 9; Hphialtes sp. (near gigas, Walsh);
Pimpla conguisitor, Say, 6 9; P. tenuicornis, Cress, 6 2; & rufo-
pectus, Cress., 2 var.; Glypta erratica, Cress.,9; Meniscus superbus,
Prov., 9; Phytodietus vulgaris, Cress., 9 var. ; EHuxorides americanus,
Cress., ¢ 9; Xylonomus stigmapterus, Say, 2 9; Odontomerus mellipes,
Say, 2; Ecthrus abdominatis, Cress., 9.

Braconip&.—Lracon longicauda, Prov. ; Rhogas parasiticus, Norton ;
Meteorus vulgaris, Cress. ; four undetermined species.

CHALCIDIDZ.—LZurytoma, sp. ; one Pteromalid undetermined.

PROCTOTRYPIDA.—S/sobrachium, sp. (?).

CHRYSIDIDZ.— Omalus leviventris, Cress. ; Elampus speculum, Say ;
Notosus viridicyaneus, Norton; Chrysis cerulans, Fab.

PomPILIDE.—Agenia pulchripennts, Cress.

PEMPHREDONIDA. —Cemonus inornatus, Say ; Pemphredon concolor,
Say; Passalecus mandibularis, Cres>.; Diodontus sp.

CRABRONIDE.—LRhopalum pedicellatum, Pack. ; Crabro bellus, Cress.,
3¢; C. atrifrons, Oress. (?), 6; C. effossus, Pack.,?2; C. 6-maculatus,
Say ; C. maculipennis, Smith, g; C. sp., undetermined 2.

EuMENIDAH.—LHumenes fraternus, Say, ; Odynerus arvensis, Sauss.,
2 3; O. leucomelas, Sauss., 3; O. tigris, Sauss., 3; O. albophaleratus,
Sauss., 9 ; O. debilis, Sauss., ¢.

VesPID&.—Polistes pallipes, St. Farg.,?; Vespa maculata, Linn., ? ;
V. scelesta, McFar., 2.

ANDRENIDE —Prosopis basalis, Sroith, 3 ; Sphecodes dichroa, Smith, ° ;
Hlalictus coriaceus, Smith (?),9; 7£Z. confusus, Smith (?), 2; Andrena
Atlaris, Sraith (?), @.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 15

Apip&.—Vomada bisignata, Sav,23; Osmia lignaria, Say,?; O.
simillima, Smith, 2; Apathus Ashtoni, Cress., 29; Bombus ternarius,

pay; O".
COLEOPTERA.

Carapip&.—Prerostichus lucublandus, Say; FP. patruelis, Dej.
Bradycellus neglectus, Lec. (?) or n. sp.

HypropuiLip&.—Helophorus lineatus, Say.

STAPHYLINIDE.—Listotrophus cingulatus, Grav.; Stenus sp., a small
specimen since lost; Anthobium pothos, Mann.

CoccINELLID&.— Anisosticta strigata, Thunb.; Memia episcopalis,
Kirby ; Wippodamia 5-signata, Kirby ; 4. 13-punctata, Linn. ; Cocinella
trifasciata, Linn. ; C. transversalis, Muls.

CRYPTOPHAGIDA.— Loberus tmpressus, Lec.

DERMESTIDEH.—Lyturus unicolor, Say.

DascyLuip&.—Cyphon variabilis, Thunb.

ELATERIDA.—Later pullus, Germ. ; £. luctuosus, Lec. ; E. nigricans,
Germ. ; Z. rubricus, Say ; L. apicatus, Say ; Agriotes oblongicollis, Me'sh. ;
Dolopius lateralis, Esch.; Melanotus castanipes, Payk. ; M. sp. (probably
a small form of preceding) ; Limonius eger, Lec. ; Campylus denticornis,
Kirby ; Sericosomus incongruus, Lec. ; Corymbites tarsalis, Melsh.; C.
triundulatus, Rand. ; C. eripennis, Kirby ; C. metallicus, Payk. ; C. a. sp.?
(one specimen.)

THROSCIDE.— Throscus constrictor, Say.

Buprestip&.—Dicerca divaricata, Say; Melanophila longipes, Say ;
Agrilus acutipennis, Mann.; Brachys erosa, Melsh.

LAMPYRID&.— flateros modestus, Say ; Ellychnia corrusca, Linn. ;
Podabrus diadema, Fab. ; P. modestus, Say ; P. piniphilus, Esch. ; P.
lateralis, Lec. ; Silis percomis, Say; Telephorus fraxini, Say (?); 7.
rectus, Melsh. (?); Z: tuberculatus, Lec. ; Malthodes sp.

Marachip&—Dolichosoma foveicolle, Kirby.

CLERIDEA—fydnocera difficilis, Lec.

Lucanipb&—Vflatycerus depressus, Lec.

SCARABEIDE—Aphodius hamatus, Say.

CERAMBYCIDE— Clytanthus ruricola, Oliv.; Achmaops proteus, Kirby ;
Leptura sexmaculata, Linn; L. chrysocoma, Kirby ; L. sphericollis, Say;
L. mutabilis, Newm. i

CHRYSOMELIDE—Donacia proxima, Kirby ; D. distincta, Lec.; D.
subtilis, Kunze; D. emarginata, Kirby (?); Orsodacna atra, Ahr. ;

16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Syneta ferruginea, Germ. ; Pachybrachys hepaticus, Melsh. ; Diachus
catarius, Suff.; Chrysomela Ligsbyana, Kirby; Gastroidea polygont,
Linn. ; Lina lapponica, Linn. ; Gonioctena pallida, Linn. ; Adimonia
cavicollis, Lec.; A. rufosanguinea, Say ; Adionychis quercata, Fab. (?);
Haltica bimarginata, Say ; HZ. ignita, Ul. ; Crepidodera Helxines, Linn.

CisTELIDE—ymenorus pilosus, Melsh.

LAGRIDE—Arthomacra enea, Say.

CEDEMERIDE—Ditylus ceruleus, Rand.

MorDELLIDZH—Anaspis atra, Lec. ; A. flavipennis, Hald.; A. rufa,
Say.

ANTHICIDE—LVematoplus collars, Lec.

PyRocHROIDA—Schizotus cervicalis, Newm.

RuHyYNCHITIDE—Lhynchites cyanellus, Lec. ; Rhynchites (2) sp. (a
small brownish weevil).

ATTELABIDE—A?telabus rhois, Boh.

CurRcuLIONIDE—Lepyrus geminatus, Say ; Pissodes affinis, Rand. ;
Fylobius confusus, Kirby; Erycus puncticollis, Lec. ; Anthonomus signa-
gus, Say ; A. sp. nov. ? (“marked exactly like scute//atus, but more elon-
gate,” Dr. Hamilton); Orchestes pallicornis, Say; O. niger, Horn; O.
cphippiatus, Say; O. subhirtus, Horn; Lilleschus bipunctatus, Linn.;
Caliodes tenuipes, Lec. ; Ceutorhynchus decipiens, Lec.

ScoLtyTIp&—Dryocetes septentrionis, Mann.; Hylurgops pinifex,
Fitch.

HEMIPTERA.

HETEROPTERA.—Lurygaster alternatus, Say; Perillus exaptus, Say ;
Podisus modestus, Dallas ; Neottiglossa undata, Kirby ; Cosmopepla car-
nifex, Kab. ; EHuchistus fissilis, Uhl. ; Corisus punctiventris, Dallas ;
Cymus augustatus, Stal., common; ALiris affinis, Reut.; Lygus flavono-

tata, Prov.(?); Camptobrochis grandis, Uhl.; Anthocoris musculus, Say ;
Aradus rectus, Say ; Aradus (two species unnamed) ; Coriscus inscriptus,
Kirby. i

Homoprera.— fPudbilia concava, Say ; Cixius stigmatus, Say; Steno-
cranus dorsalis, Fitch; Lephyronia quadangularis, Say ; Lythoscopus
sobrius, Walker; &. variabilts, Fitch; B. pruni, Prov. (?); Sdtocerus
alternatus, Fitch; Agallia novell1, Say ; Tettigonia hieroglyphicus, Say ;
Lhamnotettix subcupreus, Prov.

SUMMARY.

The species enumerated in the foregoing lists are as follows : —Lepid-
optera (Butterflies) 21, Hymenoptera 125, Coleoptera 102, Hemiptera 27,
making a total of 275.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 17

SOME UNDESCRIBED STAGES OF NOCTUID LARV.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.

RAPHIA FRATER, a7. COLORADENSIS, Put.—Cr.

Mature larva.— Head rounded, partly retracted under joint 2, waxy
greenish-white, ocelli black ; mouth white. Body of nearly uniform
width, joint 13 smaller; segmental incisures deep. Colour translucent,
clear green, with many yellow piliferous dots, on joints 3 and 4 the dorsal
ones tipped with red, and a central pair of these are prolonged into short,
contiguous processes. On joints 5, 9 and 12 each, a transverse, curved,
yellow band, reaching to the first dot above the spiracle. These bands
are whitish anteriorly, those on joints 9 and 12 partly bordered in front
with crimson. Feet green, the anal pair tipped with yellow and crimson.
Spiracles small, black. There are 8 of the piliferous dots on each side of
a segment, besides a dorsal row of non-piliferous ones.

Cocoon.—Hard and firm ; composed of bits of dirt and stones spun
together.

Pupa.—Cylindrical, abdomen rounded, its segments appressed ; cre-
master very short, but broad and thick, without hooks. Cases and central
portion of abdominal segments densely and finely wrinkled. Colour,
chestnut ; width, 5 mm.

Food-plant.—Poplar. Larve from Yosemite, California.
ACRONYCTA RADCLIFFEI, Harvey.

Dr. Thaxter has described the mature larva, and noted that it mimics
Datana larve.

Larva before last moult.—Head bilobed, shining, the tops of the
lobes brown, the front and sides mottled with large blotches of pink, the
back of the head white, the clypeus and an area outside of it, green ;
mouth and ocelli brown ; width, 2.4 mm. A few hairs arise from the head.
Body enlarged dorsally on joint 12, with five rows of warts on each side,
one on each segment and each bearing a black hair. Cervical shield
black ; a broad brown dorsal stripe, containing a red line centrally and
edged with yellow, covering the first two rows of warts and ending at joint
12; the rest of the body is green with a faintly indicated white stigmata]
line. Spiracles small, black rimmed.

18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

After last moult.—Head bilobed, slightly shagreened but shiny, and
furnished with a few hairs ; colour black, the upper third in front, reach-
ing to the upper half at the sides and posteriorly, orange-red ; width, 3.3
mm. Body enlarged a little dorsally at joint 125; cervical shield with
two rows of small warts, black, as are also the anal plate and feet. Warts
small, some minute, about 24 per segment, besides those on the venter
of the legless segments ; warts pale, bearing thin, long, whitish hairs (7
mm.) Body black, paler ventrally, a dorsal red line from joints 3 to 11 ;
two lateral and one substigmatal pale yellow lines, the upper one reaching
from joints 3 to 11, the lower two from joints 2 to 12, confluent posteriorly.
The substigmatal band is broader than the others and reaches narrowly
to the top of joint 13, sending a branch to the top of joint 12, to which
branch the two other lateral lines barely reach. Spiracles white. As the
stage advances the dorsal line fades to the colour of the others.

Food-plant.—Wild cherry (Prunus serotina).

Larve from Rhinebeck, New York.

ACRONYCTA IMPLETA, Walker,
subochrea, Grote.

Larva, about half grown.—Head subquadrate, notched on vertex, the
lobes pointed anteriorly ; pale whitish, with eight pale brown spots: one
covering the eyes, one before apex of each lobe, and two smaller ones
respectively above and below and below the other two. Body deeply
incised between the segments. Feet normal. Warts arranged as in the
Arctiide and Liparide ; row i. on joints 5-12 in subdorsal space; row ii.
subdorsal ; row iii. superstigmatal ; row iv. obsolete ; rows v. and vi. in ~
the subventral space. All concolorous with the markings. Colour pale
translucent yellowish, with a white subdorsal line below warts ii. Warts
ii. and iii. on joint 2, and ii. on joint 3, brown. Brown patches dorsally
on joints 5, 6 and 9, and irregular ones on joints r1 and 12. Hairs
blackish, fine, not abundant.

Food-plant.—Witch-hazel (Hamamelis virginica ).

Larve from Rhinebeck, New York.

PERIDROMA INCIVIS, Guen.
£gg.—lIrregularly spherical, the base flattened ; vertically striated, the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19

strie becoming irregular near the vertex where they meet. Colour pale
yellow. Diameter about 0.5 mm. Laid in a single layer, the eggs con-
tiguous to each other.

First stage.—Geometriform. Head round, brownish. Body semi-
transparent whitish with a purple shade, and small black dots. Thoracic
feet black, the abdominal ones well developed only on joints 9, ro and 13.
Later it becomes more as in the next stage in markings.

Second stage —Head semi-transparent, almost colourless but with a
reddish-tinge ; ocelli black, jaws brown; a brown line along the side ;
width, about 0.6 mm. Body green, a distinct brown stigmatal line with
two more above it but less distinct. Another line in the subventral space.
A few short, black set. Feet all concolorous with body. The larve
walk like geometers.

Third stage.—Head shining, pale whitish with two faint brownish
bands in front, divergent basally ; a distinct band at side of head covering
eyes, preceded by a fainter one ; mouth brownish ; width, o.g mm. Body
grass-green with five dark brown lines on each side, the upper ones
rather faint, the stigmatal one very distinct, the subventral one diffuse.
Between these last two is a broad white band. Feet all present, but the
two anterior pair of abdominal ones much smaller than the others. The
larvee still walk with a looping motion, but less decidedly than before.

Fourth stage.— Head grass-green, shining, marked as before, but the
mouth whitish ; width, 1.3 mm. Joint 12 slightly enlarged. Colour
grass-green ; a geminate, dorsal, brownish line, continuing the front lines of
head ; a pale, obscure, subdorsal and a superstigmatal line, each edged
with brownish above ; a broad dark brown stigmatal band, below which
the substigmatal ridge is white. Thoracic feet semi-transparent. The
spiracles on joints 2 and 12 are white. Later, a brownish-red band
appears in the centre of the white band.

More rarely the head is very pale whitish-brown, marked as above.
Body reddish-brown, somewhat mottled with darker brown. Markings
the same, but there are six faint, narrow lines between the dorsal and
substigmatal ones.

Fifth stage—Brown form. ead very pale brownish, marked with

black on the clypeus, two broad lines divergent basally and three bands
at the side, connected by mottlings ; eyes black, jaws brownish, antennze

20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

pale; width,2 mm. Body pale brown, mottled with dark brown, more
thickly along the longitudinal lines. A row of subdorsal brown spots,
smaller at the extremities. Subdorsal and lateral lines faint, narrow,
double, irregular. Substigmatal band broad, pinkish-brown, edged on
both sides with white, extending on to the feet of joint 13. Piliferous
spots small, black. Spiracles white, those on joints 2 and 12 large.
Abdominal feet nearly equally developed, the larva walking normally, no
longer geometriform.

Green form.—Head pale green, marked the same, but less distinctly.
Body grass-green, finely mottled with white, with the faint, narrow, irregu-
lar dorsal, double subdorsal and lateral white lines and substigmatal band
as above.

Sixth stage.—Head shining pale whitish-brown; antennz and mouth
paler ; jaws tipped with black ; ocelli black. Down the front of the head
extend two broad, black bands, diverging on either side of the clypeus
and ending before reaching the mouth. These are connected by mot-
tlings with a fainter band before the eyes on each side. Behind the eye
are three more bands, irregular and partly connected. An obscure white
band runs from base of antenne to meet the substigmatal line on the
body. A few sete. Width, 3 mm. Body pale brown, mottled with black
and a little white on the dorsum, the latter mostly in narrow dorsal, sub-
dorsal and traces of the other lines. A subdorsal row of black diffuse
spots, more distinct on the middle segments. Substigmatal band pinkish,
edged with white. Piliferous spots small, white, those on the venter black.

food-plant.—F¥ed on bur-grass ( Cenchrus tribuloides).

Larva from Lake Worth, Florida.

HADENA EVELINA, French. ,

Head sordid green ; ocelli black ; width, 2.5 mm. Body green, mot-
tled with white ; a narrow, dorsal, white line and traces of a subdorsal
one in segregations of the mottlings ; a distinct, but narrow stigmatal
white line, passing below the spiracle on joint 12 and on to the anal foot.
Spiracles black ringed. Piliferous dots not distinct. Later the colour is
pale brown, sparsely mottled with black. Head brown, reticulated with
dark brown. Anal plate and cervical shield dark brown, the latter edged
in front with black. The mottlings give the appearance of oblique seg-
mental shades. Piliferous dots black, narrowly surrounded by white.

food-plants.—Lupine (Lupinus) and wild currant (Ribes).

Larve from Yosemite, California.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ° 21

- XYLOMIGES SIMPLEX, Walker.
crucialis, Harvey.

Head black, smooth, shining; labrum and bases of antenne pale
yellow ; width, 2.6 mm. Body not distinctly enlarged at joint 12, but
joint 13 small. Piliferous tubercles very large, shiny brownish, each with
a single hair. Body sordid greenish-white, of no decided colour, slightly
translucent. A dorsal and subdorsal paler white lines. A broad pale
yellow stigmatal line, shaded with orange centrally, continued narrowly
and indistinctly on to the anal feet. Spiracles black.

Last stage.— Head bright shining red-brown ; labrum and bases of an-
tennz white ; jaws and ocelli black; width, 4 mm. Thoracic feet pale
red-brown. Body sordid, subtranslucent white. Dorsal and subdorsal
lines narrow, faint, white. Stigmatal line broad, pale yellow, enclosing
the black spiracles. Piliferous dots small, black, with somewhat elevated
larger bases. Under a glass the body appears mottled with white.

Food-plants.—Willow (Salix) and wild currant (Ribes). The larve
live singly in houses made of leaves lined with silk, closed except for a
hole at one end.

Found at Yosemite, California.

ACONTIA ERASTROIDES, Guen.

£gg.—Conical, flat at base, with 14 longitudinal ribs, the alternate
ones slightly projecting at the top, the others not reaching quite so far.
Besides these are many transverse ridges, but slightly elevated. Colour
uniform green ; width, 0.25 mm.; height, 0.35 mm.

First larval stage-—Geometriform, with only ro well-developed legs.
Green, a transverse band around each segment brownish, somewhat ele-
vated. Head, cervical shield and thoracic feet black.

Larve from Rhinebeck, New York.

CATOCALA CEROGAMA, Guen.

Ash-gray, with many longitudinal rows of black points. Two black
elevations on joint 12. Venter yellowish-green, this colour separated
from the dorsal gray by a subventral line of white fringe-like processes.
Head gray with black markings ; joint 2 spotted with black.

Food-plant.—Linden (Zilia americana).

Larva from Ulster Co., New York.

92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE MOTTLED UMBER MOTH.
(Hibernia defoliaria, L.)
BY JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA. .

Some years ago I received from the Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria,
Vancouver Island, a specimen of
E\ the Mottled Umber Moth. This
had been named by the Rev. G. D.
Hulst, of Brooklyn, and was, I be-
lieve, the first specimen of the spe-
cies recorded as taken in America.
Later, in 1889, two specimens were
forwarded from the same place by
Mr. W. H. Danby. Since that time, —
“FEMALE; CATERPILLAR AETER Tascnensenc, although looked for regularly at the
(Figure kindly lent by Miss E. A. Ormerod). time the males fly in autumn, none
had been observed until this year, when the larvae were so abundant

that they caused considerable injuries to plum and cherry trees.

The following interesting letter on the occurrence of this insect last
season is from Mr. W. H. Danby :—

“Dec. 7, 1893.—H. defoliaria has been wonderfully plentiful this
year in comparison with other seasons. During June and in the early part
of July, the larvee were a pest in most orchards and gardens, and they fed
upon cherry and plum, seeming to prefer the plum. None were seen on
apple. In one garden a young cherry tree, 6 feet high, had a quantity on
it, and the plum trees suffered considerably from the voracity of the larvze ;
but the apple trees in the same garden were not affected. I forwarded
larvee to you June 2oth, and placed others in a breeding cage, being lucky
enough to successfully rear several to the imago. I am glad to know that
you also bred the imago. In 188g, I took 3 males in Victoria, and since
then have looked for it everywhere in vain till this season, when the
larvee swarmed. The imagos began to appear about November 15th, and
the electric lights proved as usual to be a great attraction. On the door-
ways of two hotels I collected eight dozen in one morning, and every day
after that more or less were to be found on the stone walls of the aforesaid
hotels. One peculiar result of the electric light drawing the male imagos
from all quarters to the centre of the city was that in places where they
had emerged from pupze very few males were to be seen, while the apte-
rous ? was found to be common. The sexes seem to average about 1 ?

bo
iss)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

to6f g¢, or say 15% are? 2. Ihave made enquiries and fail to find that
the larva was seen on apple, whilst everyone I have interviewed on the
subject noticed the cherry and plum trees being attacked; still, the
larvee may have fed on apple in places not visited by me, and as you
say, ‘but surely they also fed on apple,’ I presume they do, and I will next
year keep a look out for them and watch closely what they do feed on.

“The markings of the males vary very much; I havea series of 6 which
are wonderfully unlike each other; in fact, H. defoliaria varies in its
markings just as much as C. Bruceata or LE. Somniaria do, and some are
beautiful by the very reason of their wonderful contrast to the type—
while one has the bands nearly black, another has apparently no median
band, but is thoroughly suffused.

‘The females are fond of climbing to the top of the fence rails and sun-
ning themselves. They have very long legs, it seems to me, so much so
that they have trouble in walking. Most of the imagos bred by me
were females.”

The caterpillars sent me by Mr. Danby were received at Ottawa on
June 28th, and were full grown. They pupated in a few days, most of
them on the surface of the ground, but some a short distance beneath. A
few specimens were parasitized by the larve of a Tachinid fly. The first
moth, a male, emerged on November 27th, so that the pupal stage lasted
almost five months, The pupa is smooth, dark reddish-brown, nearly 34
of an inch in length, and has the last segment terminated by a stout spine.
The moth is of a dull ochre-brown hue, expanding 134 inches, and has the
upper wings dotted and crossed diagonally by two dark waved bands ; the
space between these two bands is pale and bears a dark discal spot ;
the lower wings are paler than the upper, and like them sprinkled with
brown dots and have a dark spot near the middle. The female moth is
brown with two rows of conspicuous spots down the back. The wings
in this sex are almost entirely aborted.

The occurrence of this insect at Victoria is worthy of note, as in Eng-
land it is one of the worst orchard pests. In England, however, it is
chiefly an apple pest, and it is rather strange that it has not been found
on apple trees in British Columbia. Miss E. A. Ormerod says as to the
food of the Mottled Umber Moth :—‘“ The caterpillars are very abundant,
and very injurious to the leafage of various kinds of fruit and forest trees,
as oak, lime, etc. They have been especially noted as feeding at times on
unripe cherries, gnawing away one side of the fruit.” (‘‘ Manual of Injuri-

24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ous Insects,” p. 337.) The habits of this moth are very similar to
those of our canker worms (Anzsopteryx). When the moths appear in the
autumn, the females crawl up the trunks of trees and lay their eggs on the
branches. In this condition the insect passes the winter.

The following description of the larvee was taken from the British
Columbian specimens sent by Mr. Danby :—

Mature Larva.—Length, 14% inches. Head, round, bilobed at apex,
chestnut-red, mottled. Mouth parts darkened. Dorsal region reddish-
brown, darkened with fine black broken lines arranged as follows: A
dorsal double stripe which widens a little in the middle of each segment
and is shaded with pale yellow ; two narrow subdorsal lines, rather indis-
tinct, and placed on a reddish field ; a double lateral stripe, the lower line of
which is distinct and sinuous. Beneath this dorsal area the stigmatal area
is bright yellow. The spiracles themselves are white, ringed with black,
and are in the centre of blotches of reddish-brown shaded anteriorly
with black. Ventral area, including thoracic feet and prolegs, pale yellow.
Some specimens are much darker than others; in the darkest there is a
broken supraventral stripe just beneath the substigmatal fold, sometimes
running up on to it. The prolegs on roth segment are also sometimes
darkened extericrly.

I believe the British Columbian insect to be identical with the English,
as I can find no difference between either the moths or the caterpillars.

DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW HYMENOPTEROUS PARA-
SITES FROM WATER BEETLES.

BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

I can find no record of the breeding of Hymenopterous parasites from
water beetles, in either the European or American faunas, and it is, there-
fore, with considerable pleasure that I here describe two distinct species
of Hymenopterous insects, reared from water beetles by Mr. H. F. Wick-
ham, of Iowa City, Iowa, belonging in genera not yet reported as
occurring in our fauna.

The genus Gausocentrus is one of Forster’s new genera erected in his
‘‘ Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen,” 1868, p. 198,
and appears a valid one, although, so far as I am aware, it still remains
unrecognized by European authorities,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25

Cyrtogaster, Walker, is a well-known European genus well represented
in our fauna, although now noticed for the first time, my collection con-
taining not less than seven undescribed species. Kirchner records eleven
described species in Europe.

SUB-FAMILY TRYPHONINA.
Tribe AZesoleptini.
Genus Gawusocentrus, Forster.
1. Gausocentrus gyrini, sp. 0.

¢.—Length, 3.5 to 3.8 mm. Black, shining, impunctate, clothed
with a sparse, ‘fine greyish pubescence, more’ apparent on face and
metapleura, the apex of second abdominal segment broadly margined
with red; petiole and second segment towards base subopaque, the
former channeled, the latter feebly aciculated basally ; petiole very long,
rather slender and nearly as wide at base as at apex, about one-fourth
longer than the second segment; third segment about two-thirds the
length of second ; fourth about half the length of third ; following seg-
ments a little shorter subequal.

Head transverse, a little wider than the widest part of thorax, polished,
except the face, which is feebly rugulose ; clypeus subconvex, polished,
truncate at apex ; eyes larger, extending nearly to the base of mandibles ;
palpi pale or yellowish; mandibles pale rufous, bi-dentate, the teeth
subequal ; antennz long, filiform, 20-jointed, reaching to base of second
abdominal segment, the scape and pedicel obscure rufous, stouter than
the flagellum and together not quite as long as the first flagellar joint,
the flagellum black, cylindrical, of a uniform thickness throughout, finely
pubescent, the joints gradually shortening toward apex.

Thorax smooth, with two well-defined parapsidal furrows ; pronotum
contracted, much narrower than the mesonotum ; scutellum with a deep
transverse depression at base, behind which it is convexly elevated ;
metathorax areolated above, rounded off posteriorly, with the pleura
finally rugose ; tegulee and legs, including ali coxz, brownish-yellow, or
pale ferruginous, the middle and hind tarsi and the posterior tibiz above,
subfuscous ; tibial spurs, 1, 2, 2, not conspicuous ; wings hyaline, the
large stigma and venation dark brown; areolet pentagonal ;.second dis-
coidal cell only about half the length of the third, the discoidal nervure
very obtusely angulate a little before the middle of the third discoidal cell.

Hab.—Independence, Iowa.

Bred by Mr. H. F. Wickham, from pupa of a water beetle, Gyrznus sp.

26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

FaMILY CHALCIDID&.
SuUB-FAMILY PTEROMALINA.
Tribe Sphegigastrini.
Genus Cyrtogaster, Walker.
2. Cyrtogaster dineutis, sp. n.

?.—Length, 2.5 to 2.65 mm. Bronze-green, confluently punctate ;
sides of thorax and beneath bluish, or blue-green, with a conspicuous
smooth triangular cupreous spot beneath the insertion of hind wing ;
metapleura with some long greyish hairs; palpi fuscous; mandibles
piceous or rufo-piceous ; scape, pedicel and legs, except cox, brownish-
yellow ; flagellum black or brown-black ; coxz metallic-green ; wings
hyaline, the nervures pale.

The head is broadly transverse, wider than the widest part of meso-
thorax, or a little more than three times as wide as thick antero-posteriorly,
the punctation finer on face and towards the clypeus, the latter with some fine
converging striz; antenne 13-jointed, inserted a little below the middle of
the face, the flagellum subclavate, about one and a-half times as long as
the scape ; pedicel long, longer than the first flagellar joint and the two
ring-joints combined ; flagellar joints, after the first, wider than long.
Thorax with the parapsidal furrows indicated only anteriorly, the prono-
tum transverse, much narrower than the mesonotum, the metanotum
much produced at apex, confluently punctate, with a carina above ; wings
hyaline, the apical two-thirds pubescent, the basal one-third bare ; the
marginal and post-marginal nervures are nearly equal in length, about
one-third longer than the stigmal, the stigmal nervure ends in a small
stigma with a slight uncus.

Abdomen short ovate, attaclied to the produced portion of the meta-
thorax by a short but distinct petiole, the segments two and three very
large, occupying most of the surface, the second with a deep emargination
at base, the segments after the third very short, subequal, all united not
Jonger than the third.

Hab.—Independence, Iowa,
Bred by Mr. H. F. Wickham from the pupa of Dineutes assimi/is,
obtained September 1, the flies issuing September 11 and 12.

This species is probably only a secondary parasite, judging from
other bred species of the genus in my collection.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY?. 27

BOOK NOTICES.

“Tue BourrerFites oF NortTH AMERICA: By W. H. Edwards. Third
Series... “Part XIII.

Another part of Mr. Edwards’s magnificent work has been received,
and is of particular interest toCanadian students. The three beautiful plates
represent the following :—Plate I., Meominois Ridingsit, Edw. The upper
and lower sides of both sexes of the early and late forms are shown, to-
gether with the egg and pupa, and a full series of enlarged drawings illus-
trating the larva in all its stages. ‘This is a Coloradan insect, and flies in
the mountains at an elevation of from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. Up to the
present there is no recorded instance of 4. Rzdingsii having been taken
in Canada.

Plate II. shows Chionobas Aino, Bdl., ¢ and 2, and a variety of the
male, as well as Ch. 42no, var. Assimilis, Butler,and the egg of Craméis,
Freyer. 470 is an arctic species occurring with the variety in Labrador,
and also in Colorado where it inhabits the loftiest mountain peaks. An
interesting account of its habits is given from the notes of Mr. David Bruce,
who has done a great deal to work up the life-histories of the butterflies of
tne Coloradan mountains. no belongs to the Semidea group of the
genus, and has been confounded with that species and Cramdéis, Freyer.
Mr. Edwards says :—*‘ It was not till Mr. Bruce explored the peaks of
‘Colorado that it became possible to understand what 4:70 was, and the

limitation cf Srucez made clear the position of Crambdzs.”

The series is now arranged as follows :—

1. CRAMBIS, Freyer.
2. Bruce, Edw.
3. AiNO, Bdl.
; var. ASSIMILIS, Butler.
4. SEMIDEA.
5. SUBHYALINA.
Ch. Also, Bdl., Mr. Edwards rejects altogether as an American species.
Plate III. shows Ch. Macounii, the grand species which was dis-
covered at Nepigon, north of Lake Superior, by Prof. John Macoun, of
the Geological Survey, in whose honour it was named. CA. Macounii
belongs to a different group of the genus to the species mentioned above,
-and finds its place with Ca/ifornica and some other large species occur-
ring on the Pacific coast. It is a fine insect expanding 2-2% inches

28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

and has the remarkable feature of lacking the sexual band of androconia

or special scales, which is such a striking characteristic of the males of
all the other species in the genus. The plate is a very beautiful one, and

shows a pale male and the full life-history with the exception of the

pupa. The female figured, although of course copied from an actual

specimen, is hardly typical of that sex, and it is to be hoped that at some

future time Mr. Edwards will publish another illustration showing the

more usual form, which has a much richer appearance both on the upper

and under sides. |

Ch. Macounii is decidedly a variable species, both in the intensity of
the golden brown of the wings, in the amount of infuscation along the
nervures, and in the size and number of the ocelli. Both sexes frequently
have three ocelli on the primaries, and occasionally four. One specimen
in my collection, plainly a male, has four distinct ocelli on the primaries,
the second and fourth from the apex large and pupilled. In fact, this
specimen has more nearly the markings of what appears to me the typical
form of the females. ‘There is also a very much infuscated variation of
the male which is rarely taken, in which the nervures are all broadly
bordered and the greater part of the surface of the disk is covered with
dark scales. One of these was mentioned by Mr. Edwards in his
original description (CAN. Ent., XVIL., p. 74), and was omitted from the
plate now published for want of space. ‘The life-history of this species
has not yet been fully worked out, as no one has succeeded in obtaining
the pupa. It will probably be much like that of Cz. Chryxus; but for
the present it is unknown, and it remains for some expert and patient
breeder to carry the larvee through all their stages and obtain this missing
link. The eggs are easily obtained when a female has been captured ;
but the breeding is very tedious, the larval life lasting nearly two years.

JAMES FLETCHER.

- MONOGRAPH OF THE NORTH AMERICAN PROCTOTRYPIDZ, by William
H. Ashmead. Bulletin of the U. S. National Museum, No. 45 ;
pages 472; plates 18.

Every student of the Hymenoptera must be delighted at the issue of
this magnificent volume, which bears most ample testimony to the exten-
sive studies and patient industry of the author. ‘Treating, as he does, of

a family in which the American species had previously been but meagrely

represented in collections, he has necessarily been compelled to describe -

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29

a large proportion of the insects now recognized, and to erect a consider-
able number of genera for their reception. The labour involved in the
critical examinations requisite for the determination and description of so
many microscopic forms, and in the preparation of the voluminous text,
must have been enormous, yet the author has been able to amplify and
embellish his work by the delineation of some one hundred and fifty
exquisite figures.

The position of the Proctotrypide in the order Hymenoptera is con-
sidered to be much more closely ailied to some families of the Aculeata
than to the Chalcididz, with which they have been usually grouped, while
they also approach in other respects the parasitic Cynipide. The
Mymarine, hitherto included as a sub-family, are set aside as constituting
a distinct family allied to the Chalcidide, so that the species now con-
tained in the Proctotrypidz are characterized, and distinguished from the
Chalcids, by the pronotum extending back to the tegule, and the ovi-
positor issuing from the tip of the abdomen. ‘Ten sub-families are
recognized, which contain about one hundred and thirty genera, repre-
sented by nearly six hundred species—a doubling of the genera and
quadrupling of the species as enumerated in the catalogue of Hymenop-
tera issued a few years ago by Mr. Cresson. Many of the genera are
known only by single species, but others contain numerous forms, the
most extensive being Polygnotus (32), Proctotrypes (21), Prosacantha
(27) and Telenomus (32). The synoptic tables requisite for the separa.
tion of the species in such genera, as well as the tables for the distinction
of genera, etc., give evidence of great care and skill in their preparation
and arrangement.

While many of the genera are apparently confined to the more south-
erly and westerly regions, the species in other groups have an extended
range, which at times seems to be almost continental, as for instance
Proctotrypes californicus, which has been taken at Ottawa The members
of this family have received but scanty attention in Canada, so that their
distribution northward cannot be stated, but undoubtedly many interest-
ing species could be found by a careful and patient collector in any
locality. Provancher, in his Faune Entomologique, was able only to
announce the occurrence of zzze species, and about twice as many are
recorded in his Additions completed just before his death. Mr. Ashmead,
however, has been able to enlarge the list of Canadian species to about
ninety. With the exception of three forms from Vancouver Island, the

30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

species are all from a few localities in Eastern Ontario and Quebec, so
that the Dominion as a whole has been practically unworked. ‘The three
western species are AZesitius vancouverensis and Polymecus vancounerensis,
collected by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, of Victoria (and communicated
through the writer to Mr. Ashmead), and Anteon puncticeps, taken by Mr.

Wickham.
Although the Proctotrypids are all small, and frequently microscopic,

they show great variations in structure, and their study thus becomes very
interesting. A large proportion of them are egg-parasites, while others
prey upon Aphidide, Cecidomyide, etc. In many species (noticeably in
the sub-family Bethylinz) the females differ largely from the males in the
shape of the head, antennze and structure generally. Those of the sub-
family Dryininz have remarkable chelate, or pincer-like claws, on the
anterior feet, which are probably for more firmly grasping, during oviposi-
tion, the small, active homopterous insects on which the larve are
parasitic. Many forms are wingless or have very rudimentary wings, but
they are, nevertheless, very nimble little atoms, and can leap many times
their own length.

As the appearance of Mr. Ashmead’s splendid moncgraph may stimu-
late some of our members to the collection and study of these insects, it
may be stated that a considerable number of the species, such as Beeus,
etc., may be obtained even in winter by sifting moss as is done for small
coleoptera. This habit of hibernating in the moss of swampy localities is
another feature (not mentioned by the author) which separates them from

the other hymenoptera known to me, with the exception, perhaps, of ants,
which are also occasionally obtained in sifting. Wie eles dae

CORRESPONDENCE.
SYNCHLOE LACINIA, ABERR. RUFESCENS.

I had intended to withdraw this name, lest the form to which it refers
might be one of those already named as a species ; but now that it has
been published by Mr. Edwards (Vol. XXV., p. 287), it will be useful to
define its precise application. The original specimen was described by me as
follows :—Bands ochre stroagly paced with orange above and below;
bands on upper side of hind-wings broad, orange, reaching to the row os
white spots ; outer row of spots on both wings unusually large ; band on
upper side of fore-wings practically continuous. Size, rather small.
Juarez (not Juarey), Mexico, Aug. 26.

T. D. A. CocKERELL,
Las Cruces, New Mexico, Nov. 13th, 1893.

Mailed January 15th.

The Canaan, antomolonist.

VOL. 3 XXVI.

LONDON, FEBRUARY, Faas No. oi

A CHECK LIST OF THE NEARCTIC COCCID.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, N. MEX.

It is ten years since Prof. Comstock published his list of North Ameri-
can Coccidze*, and as the work done since that time is scattered through
very various publications, it seems opportune to present a check list,
from which the student can learn precisely what species are now credited
to our fauna.

All forms from America north of Mexico are included herein, but a
few Mexican species which perhaps belong rather to the nearctic than
neotropical region, are excluded. ' Species known to have been introduced
and which have no claim to belong to the North American fauna, are
placed within square brackets [ |. Synonyms are in italics.

Icerya, Sign. ?[ 13. D. iceryoides, Mask., 1891.]
(1. 1. purchasi, AZaske//, 1878. | BeRcrRoTHIA, Kraatz.

2. I. rose, Riley & Howd., 1890.

CrErococcus, Comst.

3. C. quercus, Comst., 1882.
GossyPARIA, Sign.

[4. G. ulmi, Geof: |

Eriococcus, Targ.
[5. E. azaleze, Comst., 188. |
[6. E. araucariz, Jask., 1878.]
7. E. quercus, Comst., 1881.
DactTYLopius, Costa.
2/8. D. adonidum, Zznz., 1767. |
g. D. citri, Boisd.
phyllococcus, Ashm., 1879.
destructor, Comst., 1881.
[10. D. longifilis, Comst., 1881. |
11. D. crawil, Coguil/., 1889.
12. D. ryani, Cogui//., 1889.

14. B. townsendi, C22.

PuHeENacoccus, Ckll.
15. P. yucce, Coguzll, 1890.
16. P. helianthi, Ckll.
17. P. aceris, Geoff., 1762.

Coccus, Linn.

To. Gocaeti, 27799:

1g. C. confusus, Ck. ALS.

20. C. sorghiellus, Forbes.

21. C. trifolii, Forbes. WY hs
KerMeEs, ‘ Linn.” : 4

22. K. galliformis, A7/ey, 188 1
TACHARDIA, Sign. '

23. T. larrez, Comst., 1882.'
ORTHEZIA, Bosc.

24. O. americana, Wadker.

25: O. occidentalis, cage 1891.

“2nd Rept. Dept. Entom., Cornell rai. Exper. Station n (1883).

Reg >

ae THE CANADIAN

©

26. O. anne, CZ.

27. O. edwardsii, Ashm., 1888.

[28. O. insignis, Doug/., 1887. |
PROSOPOPHARA, Dougl.

29. P. rufescens, Ck//., 1893.
ASTEROLECANIUM, Targ.

[30. A. quercicola, Bouché. |

31. A. pustulans, CA//., 1892.
LEcANIODIASPIS, Targ.

32. L. yucce, Ailey MS.
Po.tuinia, ‘Targ.

[33. P. pollini, Costa.
coste, Varg , 1869. |

Putvinaria, Targ.

34. P. innumerabilis, Rathv., 1854.
acericorticis, Fitch., 1860.
acericola, W. & R., 1868.

35. P. macluree, Kenn. AS., Fitch.

1855.
maclure, W. & R., 1868.
?[ 36. P. vitis, Zzzn. |
37. P. Salicis; bouche,” Sava .;
LS7e

38. P. bigelovize, C&d/.

[39. P. camellicola, Sigz., 1873. |
Lecanium, Illig.

40. L, hesperidum, Znz.

?[41. L. depressum, Zarg.]

42. L. armeniacum, Craw.

43. L. pruinosum, Comst. MS.,
Cog., 1891.

44. L. platycerii, Pack., 1870.
45. L. quercitronis, /itch.

46. L quercifex, Fitch.

47. 1. fletchert, (CA/Z, 1893.
48. L. quercus, “Zinn.”, Siga.
49. L. ribis, itch, 1856.

50. I. tulipiferaee, Cook, 1878.

? ¢i/ie, Fitch, nec Linn.

ENTOMOLOGIST. —

[51. L. pyri, Schrank.]|

52. L. robiniarum, Doug7., 1890.
robinie, Riley MS.

[53. L. persicae, Fabr., 1798. |

54. L. juglandifex, Fitch, 1856.

55. L. fitchii, Stgn., 1873.

56. L. cynosbati, itch, 1856.

57. L. corylifex, Atch, 1856.

58. L. cerasifex, /itch, 1856.

59. L. caryee, Fitch, 1856.

60. L. antennatum, Sigv., 1873.

61. L. hemisphericum, Zarg.

62. L. hibernaculorum, Boisdv.,
1868.

filicum, Bozsdv., 1868.

olex, Bern.

63. L.
o4. OL:
CEROPLASTES, Gray.

65. C.cirripediformis, Comst.,188t.
66. C. artemisiz, Reley AS. (nec
Rossi).

67. C. irregularis, C&//.

68. C. floridensis, Coms¢., 1881.

?[69. C. rusci, Linn. |
CTENOCHITON, Mask.

?[70. C. perforatus, AZask., 1879. |
Aspipiotus, Bouché.

[71. A. nerii, Bouché, 1833. |
72. A. uve, Comst., 1881.
var. coloratus, CR//.

73. A. perniciosus, Comst., 188r.
74. A. ancylus, Putnam, 1877.

75. A. abietis, Comst., 1883.

76. A abietoides, Pettit MS.

77. A. pini, Comst., 1881.

[78. A. cyanophylli, Sigz , 1869. |
[79. A. spinosus, Comst., 1883. |
80. A. juglans-regiz, Comst., 1881.
81. A. convexus, Comst?., 1881.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

——_—<—<—<———————EEE

. cydonie, Comst., 1881.
. rapax, Comst., 1881.
?=camelliz, Bozsdv., 1868.
. perseze, Comst., 1881.
. tenebricosus, Comst?., 1881.
. ficus, Reiley MS., Ashm.,
1880. |
. smilacis, Comst., 1883.
. obscurus, Coms?., 1881.
. aurantii, AZask., 1878.
citrz, Comst.
var. citrinus, Cogwuzid/. |
go. A. corticalis, Rz/ev ALS.
gt. A. sabalis, Comst., 1883.
PsEUDOPARLATORIA, CkIl.
92. P. parlatorioides, Coms?., 1883.
PARLATORIA, larg.
93. P. pergandii, Comst., 1881.
var. camellize, Coms?., 1883.
94. P. proteus, Curtis, 1843.
?[ 95. P. zizyphus, Zacas, 1853.|
Frorinia, Targ.
[96. F. fiorinie, Zarg., 1867.
camellie, Comst., 1881.
Iscunaspis, Dougl.
[97. I. filiformis, Douwg?., 1887.
? =longirostris, Sigv., 1882. |
Myrizaspis, Targ.
98. M. citricola, Pack., 1870.
? = pinneformis, Bouché.
99. M. gloverii, Pack., 1869.
100. M. albus, C2//., var. concolor,
Ckil.
to1. M. pomorum, Souché, 1851.
? = linearis, AZodeer.
pyrus-malus, Kenn., 1854.

Oe
OS

juglandis, Fitch, 1856.
pomicorticis, Riley, 1873.
Pinnaspis, Ckll.
[to2. P. pandani, Coms¢., 1881.
? =buxi, Bouché |
CHIONASPIS, Sign.
103. C. citri, Comst., 1883.
104. C. euonymi, Comst., 1881.
tos. C. furfurus, itch, 1856.
cerasi, Fitch, 1856.
lintneri, Comst., 1883.
salicis, Zinn.
salicis-nigre, Waish, 1868.
spartinee, Comst., 1883.
tog C. nysse, Comst., 188r.
110. C. pinifolii, itch, 1855.
t11. C. quercus, Comst., 1881.
112. C. ortholobis, Coms?., 188°.
[113. C. biclavis, Comst., 1883.|
Po.raspis, Mask.
[114. P. cycadis, Comst., 1883. |

106. C.
40793: C;

HOos GC:

Diasplis, Costa.
[x15. D. cacti, Comst., 1883. |
[r16. D. carueli, Zarg., 1868. ]
[r17. D. harrisii, Walsh, 1860.
? =circularis, Fitch, 1856.
ostreeformis, Sign., (nec
Curt.) |
Au.acaspis, Ckll.
118. A. rose, Bouché, 1833.
[r19. A. bromeliz, Kerner, 1788. |
[r20. A. boisduvalii, Sign., 1869. |
Fossil Spectes.
LEACHIA, Sign., (nec Risso.)
121. L. simplex, Scudd@., 1890.

NOTES.
(x.) An interesting Monophlebid, representing a new genus and

species, is found on Prosopis at Las Cruces.

It cannot be included in the

34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

list, being at present nameless. Prof. C. H. T. Townsend has given an,
account of it in Bull. 7 of the New Mexico Exper. Station, and it will be
described in detail and named at some future time by Prof. Riley..

The adult ¢ has a large white ovisac, and g-jointed antenne. ‘The
young (2nd stage) are so much like /cerya palmeri that J thought they
might be that species ; but Prof. Riley pointed out ‘to me that the newly-
hatched larvee could be distinguished from /. fa/meri without any difficulty,
since they possess only four (instead of six) especially long terminal hairs,
and these are not so long as in palmer.

On July 21 I was fortunate in finding the ¢. Its body is dark dull
red, antenne and legs black. The wings are smoky with a dark costa
and two white lines. There are no conspicuous caudal appendages, but
two black bristles of only moderate length. Dorsum of thorax more or
less shiny black.

(2.) It seems doubtful whether Dactylopius adonidum, as defined by
Signoret, can be definitely recorded from North America.

(3.) Dactylopius iceryoides, Ctenochiton perforatus, etc., are men-
tioned in Znsect Life, April, 1893, p. 281-2, as having been imported into
California. I suppose, however, that they have not become established
there, and so have marked them with a query in the list. The species
referred to are Nos. 13, 41, 69, 70. Others mentioned in the same article
are well-known to be established in America.

(4.) Bergrothia takes the place of Westwoodia (preoccupied). A
second species is known to occur in North America, but it has not been
named.

(5.) Nos. 14, 16, 26, 38, 67, 72 var., and 100 var. have not been pub-
lished at the date of writing, but their descriptions have been sent out
for publication.

(6.) Phenacoccus takes the place of Pseudococcus, Auctt., nec Westwood.

(7.) Coccus confusus (which probably includes all reputed C. cacti of
the Rocky Mtn. Region) is congeneric with an insect from Mexico, which
Lichtenstein identified as Acanthococcus tomentosus (Lam.). The larva
has spines after the manner of Capud/inia salle: ; the antenne of the
adult @ are very degenerate, 5-jointed. Hab., Las Cruces, N. Mex.,

on cacti.

(8.) C. trifolli and sorghiellus.—I1 know these only from Prof. Gar-
man’s account in 2nd Kentucky Report. One can safely say that they

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35

do not belong to Coccus, as now understood ; and until they are more
critically examined it will be hard to guess at their proper location.

(9.) Orthesia insignis has been found by Mr. R. H. Pettit in a hot-
house in the State of New York.

(10.) Nos. 32, 66, 52 syn., and go are credited to Riley MS. The
names have all been published (two by Prof. Townsend, two by Mr.
Howard), but no formal descriptions have appeared.

(11.) Pulvinaria vitis probably occurs with us, but it requires confir-
mation. It is recorded by Fitch.

(12.) P. camellicola I have from Macon, Ga., sent by Dr. Riley.

(13.) Lecanium armeniacum is a Californian species; to judge from
published figures, much like depressum.

(14.) Lecanium pyri is recorded by Fitch. He confused some
Pulvinaria with it, but there is no such species as Pulvinaria pyri,
Fitch, properly speaking. Mr, J. Fletcher has sent me a Lecanium on
apple, from P. Edward I. : the specimen arrived squashed flat, but on
careful examination I cannot see that it is other than veritable Z. pyri,
Schr. It is strongly and thickly pitted, like the form found by Signoret

on apple
(15.) Aspidiotus abietoides will be described by Mr. Pettit. . He has

kindly sent me specimens.

(16.) Aspzdiotus spinosus and one or two other species are marked as
introduced, because only found on hot-house plants, although their native
country is unknown.

(17.) Aspidiotus juglans-regie, from its mode of occurrence, might be
suspected as a foreigner ; and it is to be observed that in the same year
that it was published, Colvée described an A. juglandis from Catalonia.
Dr. J. V. Carus has most kindly transcribed for me the description of the
latter, and I find it very nearly fits ju/ans-regie,—so nearly, that the
differences in the descriptions may not be essential.

(18.) Parlatoria zizyphus I have found on lemons exposed for sale at
Las Cruces, N. Mex. The vendor told me he ¢hought they came from
Mexico, but was not sure.

(rg.) It has seemed strange that /schnaspis filiformis was not de-
scribed until 1887. Dr. V. Carus has kindly transcribed for me the
description of Mytzlaspis longirostris, Sign., 1882, and on reading it, I can
hardly believe it is other than Z. f/iformis.

(20.) Leachia simplex was described as a Monophlebus. Mr. Scudder

36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

has kindly sent me a drawing of the fossil, and judging from this and the
description, I would place the insect preferably in Leachia.
Postscript.—Leachia, Sign., may be altered to PaL@ococcus, as the
name is preoccupied in Mollusca. I did not make the change in the list,
as I was not sure whether the Molluscan name was valid, and I hold the
‘once a synonym, always a synonym” doctrine to the ridiculous. How-
ever, I have just received the following from Dr. W. H. Dall, to whom I
had applied for. information :—‘‘ Zeachia Leseuer, = Lodigopsis, Lam.,
but Zeachia, Risso, according to Monterosato, is valid and is the earliest
name for the group to which it is applied. I should advise changing your
Coccid Zeachia under the circumstances.” T. D. A. CockERELi

NOTES ON COLEOPTERA.
BY C. W. STROMBERG, GALESBURG, ILL.

There are still a few species of Agrilus in our fauna whose food plant
is unknown. Any contribution in that direction may, therefore, be of
interest. It is a genus that seems to be much neglected by collectors,
owing undoubtedly to the difficulty met with in separating some of the
species. ‘There are several seemingly difficult ones, however, which are
stamped with such distinct characters as to make their study exceedingly
interesting. With Dr. Horn’s valuable paper, ‘‘ The Species of Agrilus of
Boreal America,” and a well-trained eye, one should be able to get along
without much assistance. That does not apply to myself, for it was only
after Mr. Blanchard kindly undertook to help me out that my material
was properly labelled.

Agrilus mascudinus, Horn, was taken during July on the common
box-elder or ash-leaved maple (Negundo aceroides.) This species
resembles otiosus, but the g has ‘‘ prosternum with a space in front
densely covered with short erect pubescence.” This patch of hair is of
a yellowish colour and can be seen distinctly with an ordinary lens if the
insect is held up sidewise to the light. Once seen it will always be
recognized. The ¢ is not easily distinguished from ofzosus.

A. otiosus was beaten from hickory, walnut, butternut and dogwood.

A. arcuatus, oak, elm and hazel.

A. fallax, oak, June 12.

A. obsoletoguttatus, quite common on the red and laurel oaks, June.

A, Lecontei, not rare on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis), June and July.
A. impexus occurs on the two locusts (Gleditschia triacanthus and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. on

Robinia pseudacacia), July and Aug.

This sp. resembles fa//ax, but it has antenne serrate from the fifth
joint, while in /a//ax they are serrate from the fourth. There are other
well-marked characters for separating them, which are all given in the
above-mentioned paper.

Dicerca lepida, Lec., is rare here. It has been beaten from hawthorn, and
also found hibernating near the trunks of large trees on the ground
among the leaves. Also found it once under bark on astump, where
it had spent the winter.

Pecilonota thureura, Say,, occurs on the black willow hee July and
Aug., and is not common.

Cinyra gracilipes, Melsh., is quite common on the burr or moss-cup oak
(Quercus macrocarpa).

Chrysobothris asurea, Lec., not common. Beaten from linden.

Cacoplia pullata, Hald., is not often seen in exchange lists. Two speci-
mens of this species were beaten from moss-cup oak several years
ago.

Zeugophora scutellaris, Suffr., is another which is not offered for ex-
change. This pretty species occurs on the cottonwood during July
and Aug., but seems to be rare.

NOTES UPON LYCAINA EXILIS, BOISDUVAL, WITH DESCRIP-
TIONS OF SOME OF ITS EARLY STAGES.

BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

On July 24th, 1893, I received a number of pupz of Axz/is, made on
the road, and three nearly adult larvee (after the last moult), sent me by
Mr. T. D. A. Cockerell, at Las Cruces, New Mexico, and found on flowers
of Atriplex canescens, of which a plentiful supply was also sent.

Description of ADULT LaRva.—Length at rest, .26 inch ; in motion,
.3 inch; very like Z. Comyntas in shape, being long, narrow, abcut
equally rounded at the two ends, segment 2 turned forward to the
plane of the underside of the body, and concealing the head; the sides
at base nearly parallel, a little convex ; the dorsum elevated ; from 3 to
ro on dorsum is a flattened, sub-triangular tuberculous process to each
segment, as in many species of the genus; colour light green, with a
silvery sheen that is caused by innumerable fine, white appressed hairs ;
the dorsal triangles yellowish, mottled crimson, and there is a crimson
mid-dorsal line ; on 11 is a dorsal cross-slit, as in Psewdargiolus and
Comyntas, and no doubt there is a pair of cylindrical membranes with

38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

tentacles concealed within 12, as in the species mentioned, though I had
no opportunity to see them active ; head minute, obovoid, dark brown,
placed on the end of a long, conical neck.

CurysaLis.—Length, .22 inch, breadth at mesonotum, .06, at abdo-
men, .og inch ; shape elliptical; the head case rounded and truncated
somewhat ; the mesonotum slightly prominent, rounded at tip, not cari-
nated, the sides a little convex, followed by a slight depression ; abdo-
men somewhat tumid ; colour yellow-white, with a pink tint over the head
case ; surface sparsely and irregularly dotted black, with two sub-dorsal
rows of larger dots of same hue from 5 to 12. One pupa from the three
larvee gave imago 14th August, but as Ihad omitted to note the date of
pupation, Iam unable in this case to give the duration of the stage.
But another pupa of those formed in route gave imago 29th July, and
as it had been mailed on the 22nd, I conclude the stage must endure
through six or seven days.

Mr. Cockerell wrote 22nd July :—“ Yesterday, walking to the Agricul-
tural College, I found a bush with ants running in numbers over the
twigs. Looking to see what they were after, I came across a larva and
then another. Presently I saw that the bush was swarming with them,
only they were so perfectly concealed by their colour that I should not
have noticed them except for the ants. They (the larvze) were little and
big and quite exposed to view. On same bush were many Colecpterous
larvee in their cases, and flying about the bush were many of the Zxi/is
butterflies.” Some of the ants were sent me with a supply of the flowers,
and they were tiny creatures.

In letter of 29th July :—“ Yesterday I saw a female Lxz/is deposit an
egg ; she thrust it under a flower on the outside. I had to look very
closely to find it, even after seeing it laid. The egg is circular, seen from
above, flat, greenish-white.”

Dr. Boisduval described £xz/is, in 1852, from a female, which he
says is the only example of the species he has seen ; and speaks of it as
one of the smallest Lyczenz known. The male is considerably smaller
than the female, and I think may be the smallest butterfly in the world.
Notwithstanding its littleness, it flourishes in southern California, Arizona,

New Mexico, parts of Colorado, Texas, and has even reached Florida.
Mr. Cockerell wrote me gth December :—‘‘ Avz/zs is still in the imago
here. I caught one to-day at rest on the stalk of a Solanum. Is it
possible that they hibernate as butterflies? We have had plenty of frost,
though no snow as yet.”

“oe

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 539

ON SOME AQUATIC LARVA, WITH NOTICE OF
THEIR PARASITES.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

During the past summer, while on a visit to the northern portion of
this State, my attention was attracted to the presence of numerous mud
cells on the lower surface of stones lying along the bands of the
Wapsipinicon River. These cells, most of them empty, with one end
forced off, somewhat resembled the single one with which some of our
common mud-wasps start their establishment on the ceilings of little-used
rooms, or on the rafters of outhouses, but very much smaller. The
largest measure about 12 mm. in length and 8 mm. in breadth, while the
small ones are only 5 mm. long and 2.5 mm. wide.

After considerable search I finally succeeded in obtaining a curious
pupa from one of the large cells, quite different from any with which I
was previously acquainted. A cursory examination showed it to possess
four eyes, two on each side of the head, the components of each pair
being connected by a fine black line. This character directed suspicion
to the probability of its being a Gyrinid, and confirmation was furnished
by finding the legs, though rather poorly defined, evidently belonging to
a beetle of that family. It was finally decided to be Déineutes assimitis,
Aubé, the common large whirligig of our country. A half day of stone-
turning resulted in the finding of more pupe and several larvze, as well as
two or three of the soft and helpless freshly-emerged beetles. A number
of the inhabitanis of the little cells were also found in all three stages, and
proved to be a Gyrinus, probably picipes, Aubé.*

Two of the Dineutes pupe were each seen to be accompanied in their
cells by a little white larva of rather robust form, evidently there with
intent to do great bodily injury. Bringing them home in their original cells,
I was able to watch the growth of these little creatures until one trans-
formed to a pupa, and finally disclosed a beetle, which proved to be a
species of Brachinus, probably janthinipennis, Dej. However, the
determination cannot be considered authoritative, because the beetle died
before attaining its full colours. The larva lies in the cell of its host and
extracts the juices through an opening made in one of the wing-pads ; the
maggot-like body is adorned, but not supported, by six very soft and
short legs, which can be of little service except perhaps as ‘‘feelers” in

* Detailed descriptions of these larvee, with figures, may be found in Moly Fy, No,
4, of the Bulletin from the Nat. Hist. Lab. of the State Univ. of Iowa,

40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

its dark abode. The mouth is filled with a blackish fluid when withdrawn
from the feeding spot. If gently touched, the head and fore part of the
body would be raised, as stiffly as consistent with such a soft insect, and
this posture maintained for some moments.

The little animals were carefully watched and examined several times
a day, until finally the larger one, having withdrawn nearly all the juices
from the pupa and become swollen to an unwieldy size, changed, after a day
or two of resting, into a pupa—still in the original cell which I had removed
from a stone and turned upside-down for more convenient examination.
The smaller one was restless and refused to finish its feeding on the original
pupa, so, as it had apparently not completed its growth, I tried it with a
fresh one of Zropisternus glaber, which was immediately accepted as a
substitute. The first pupa was probably spoiled, either by mould or
bacterial decomposition, hence the necessity for fresh food in this instance.
As soon as the larva had completed its growth I consigned it to the
alcohol bottle for study.

How the 4rachinus gets into the cell of its host, whether brought as
a young larva clinging to that of Dineutes, or deposited as an egg by the
mother, is a mystery to me. When small it is more active than when
larger grown, and with advanced age becomes gradually more helpless.
In any case the complete adaptation to a parasitic habit is apparent in
the whole structure—the soft, juicy body, unprotected by chitinous scutes,
the weak legs, quite useless for ambulatory purposes, and the lack of
strong, locomotive bristles. The appearance is almost that of some
Hymenopteron, not at all resembling the strong raptorial larve of
Adephaga in general. I cannot believe that the larvee of all cur American
Brachinus live on Dineutes, but it is quite possible that they feed on the
helpless pupz of such other Adephaga as frequent the damp spots
favoured as habitations by these beetles. Perhaps some of the readers of
the CanaDIAN EnTromo_Locistr may be induced to investigate the matter,
or to make known the results of study if ‘the investigation be already made.

While two Dineutes pup were infested as noticed above, another of
the same species was seen to be the abode of several little maggots, which
soon changed to smajl black pupze, loose in the cell, without spinning
cocoons. From these I finally got four specimens of a small Chalcid,
eleven or twelve days after I first noticed the larvz, which, however, were
nearly full grown at that time. From Mr. Ashmead, to whom I sent the
little insects, I hear that they belong to the genus Cyrtogaster, not

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ca AD

previously recorded (though known) in North America. He has called
it C. dineutis, and as Mr. Howard, in a recent paper on the biology of the
Chalcidide*, has remarked that Hymenopterous parasites of aquatic
insects are excessively rare, I have thought it worth while to give a rather
detailed account of the circumstances connected with breeding them.

Two unbroken cells of Gyrinus each contained, besides the remains
of the pupa, one specimen of a little Ichneumonid belonging to the
sub-family Tryphoninze, which Mr. Ashmead has described as Gausocen-
trus gyrinz. One of these was quite fresh and bright, the other had been
dead long enough to break in handling. I think it extremely unlikely
that the Gausocentrus will prove to be a hyper-parasite, but of course this
can only be settled with certainty by further observations on the habits of
the larva.

A specimen of the pupa of Zropisternus glaber was given alive to a
large Carabid larva for food, but not attacked because the larva had just
fed up. Two or three days later it was seen that the pupa was dead and
the body infested by maggots, which aftewards produced a species of
Phora, a Dipterous insect which Dr. Williston (who kindly furnished the
generic determination) writes me is known to enter pupe either living or
dead. Ihave no means of ascertaining when or how the eggs were
deposited on the pupa, or whether it was attacked in this way before or
after death.

Besides the two Gyrinidz already mentioned, I found under a stone,
close to the margin of the river, another larva somewhat resembling them,
with long abdominal filaments, only one of which was terminal. Not
being able to see the mouth parts on account of the activity of the living
specimens, I was unfortunately led to speak of it as probably a Gyrinid
larva in the paper referred to, chiefly because of the fact that Packard and
Westwood both figure larvze of this family with large heads. The creature
lived in a tin box of earth for five weeks, then moulted and died almost
immediately afterward. An examination of the mouth shows it to be a
Sialid larva, corresponding closely to Westwood’s figures,; except that
only one of the mandibles has two teeth, the other being furnished with
but one, and the outer lobe of the maxilla has a process articulated to the
inner angle instead of a simple production.

* Proc. U. S. National Museum, Vol. XIV.
+ Modern Class. of Insects, Vol. II., p. 46.

42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVA OF CERTAIN TENTH-
REDINID#.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.
(Continued from Vol. XXV., page 248.)
Monostegia quercus-coccineg, Ni. sp.

Fggs apparently inserted by a series of thrusts of the ovipositor
parallel to the midrib of the leaf. The saw cuts under the upper
epidermis are confluent, forming a long blotch over 1 mm. wide and about
20 mm. long, running close to the midrib. The larvee feed gregariously,.
eating the lower epidermis and parenchyma.

First stage.—Head oval, higher than wide, mouth pointed ; blackish-
brown, nearly black on vertex, shining ; mouth pale ; width, 0.25 mm.

Second stage.—Head shining, pale brown, darker around the black
ocellus, pale around mouth ; jaws dark ; width, 0.4 mm.

Third stage-—Head oval, yellowish testaceous, shining ; a brownish
shade across between the black eyes; mouth dark; width, 0.55 mm.
Body thick through the thoracic segments, slightly flattened, of even
width posteriorly. Thoracic feet scarcely visible from above, pale.
Abdominai feet on joints 6-12, joint 13 not touching the leaf in walking,
but appears to possess a rudimentary pair of feet. Body entirely shiny,
sticky, translucent whitish, shading into orange-yellow at the front and
sides of thorax. Alimentary canal appearing by transparency dark green.

fourth stage. —Head orange-yellowish, transparent ; eye biack ; an-
tenn projecting before, conical; width, 0.8 mm. Body as before.
Alimentary canal blackish or green. Dorsal vessel and trachee very
plainly visible, the latter white, branching into fine ramifications, con-
nected along the stigmatal line.

fifth stage.—As before, but the body is very slightly milky, not, how-
ever, obscuring the internal parts, which are visible. Head, 1.1 mm. in
width. The dorsal vessel shows plainly, contrasting with the milky-
whitish body.

Sixth stage-—Head light-yellowish, eye black ; width, r.1 mm. Body
shaped as before, but whitish, ot shining, faintly 3-annulate, the internal
organs obscured. The colour shades into orange (not ocherous-orange as
before) on the thorax anteriorly and laterally ; the alimentary canal giv-
ing a purpiish median shade, centered by the darker dorsal vessel. Upon
arriving at this stage, the larve leave the tree and form little elliptical
cells in the ground for pupation,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

Food-plant.—Black oak (Quercus coccinea).

Zmago.—Black ; basal, two-thirds of the wings smoky. Head densely
punctured ; a polished prominence behind the ocelli ; two converging
ridges in front, between which the lower ocellus lies ; thorax polished.
End of femora, all of the tibize and tarsi of anterior and middle legs
white, except the last tarsal joints, which are dusky. Basal two-thirds of
the posterior tibie and bases of all the tarsal joints white, the
outer third of tibie and tips of tarsal joints banded with dusky.
Forewings hyaline along outer margin for a space limited by a line drawn
from stigma to internal angle, the basal part of wing smoky-blackish ;
veins and stigma black. Hindwings hyaline, the basal half faintly
smoky. Expanse of wings, ro mm. ; length of body, 4.5 mm.

Two 2 2, Woods’ Holl., Mass.

Strongylogaster pacificus, Macgillivray.

Head round, pale, sordid whitish with a faint blackish, mottled line
from above each eye to the vertex ; eye large, round, black ; jaws dark-
brown ; width, about 1.5 mm. ‘Thoracic feet large, bent outward ; abdo-
minal ones present on joints 6-12, 13 ; segments 6-annulate. Colour,
shining, translucent green, with a white subdorsal line running the whole
length, nearly joining its fellow at the extremities. Spiracles small, black,
joined by the thread-like white line of the trachew, showing by trans-
parency. Length, about 20 mm.

When through eating, the larva becomes reddish and bores a gallery
in a piece of decayed wood, where it remains till the following spring.

Food-plant.—Common brake (Pteris aguilina). Larvee common in
June at Portland, Oregon.

Monostegia quercus-albe, Norton.

Larve bred by me on the white oak do not agree with Norton’s
description. His characterization of the fly, however, seems to fit my
specimens perfectly.

Eggs —Deposited in the manner described by Norton ; forming small
blisters on the underside of the leaf near the tip, separated from each
other, each about 1.2 mm. in diameter.

* * * * * *

Second stage-—Head oval, brown, blackish around the eye ; mouth
pale ; width, 0.25 mm.

Third stage.—As in next stage. Width of head, 0.35 mm.

44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Fourth stage-—Head angularly pyriform in outline, narrowing up-
ward, widest above the eyes; partly retracted below joint 2; smooth,
shining black ; width, 0.5 mm. Body very thick through the, thoracic
segments, more slender posteriorly, then gradually tapering. Thoracic
feet covered to the dorsal view ; tinged with blackish ; abdominal ones
present on joints 6-12, 13, the larva resting on them on the surface of the
leaf. Colour slightly greenish, trarisparent, shining and sticky; alimentary
canal plainly visible.

Fifth stage-—Not different. Head brownish-black ; width, 0.7 mm.

Sixth stage —Head shaped as before, but of a pale whitish-yellow, eye
black ; width, o.7 mm. Body not shining, scarcely more than trans-
lucent, of the same yellowish colour as the head, and marked with orange
on the sides of the enlarged thoracic segments. ‘Two transverse, dorsal,
watery lines on each joint 5—13, the anterior one short, the other reaching
the sides. The larve now form a cavity in the earth, lined with a brown
secretion.

Nematus coryli, Cresson.

£ggs.—Laid on the midrib in the manner of Cresus datitarsus, in a
central incision.

* * * x * *

Second stage-—Head black ; width, 0.45 mm.

Third stage-—Head rounded, shining blackish, mouth a little paler ;
eye black; width, 0.65 mm. Body shining, annulate, whitish, the ali-
mentary canal giving a distinct light-green shade. Thoracic feet largely
black. A row of blackish spots along the sub-ventral ridge ; a pair of
black, conical, anal projections. Abdominal feet present on joints
6=11,/13:, No tubercles:

Fourth stage-—Head round, shining black; width, o.g mm. Body
shining, coarsely 4—annulate, smooth, with minute sete seen with a lens.
Colour uniformly slightly olivaceous-green; thoracic feet marked with
black at base and tip. A series of large olivaceous patches ventrally on
joints 6—To.

Fifth stage.-—Head flat before with clypeal dents ; shining black ;
width, 1.25 mm. Segments shining, 4-annulate, sete with inconspicuous
concolorous bases. Colour olivaceous-green, shaded with leaden-blackish
subdorsally and on sub-ventral ridge. Venter blackish, with eversible
glands as in the mature larva.

Sixth stage.--Head round with a row of indentations bordering

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45

clypeus; entirely shining black; width, 1.8 mm. Abdominal feet on joints
6-11 and 13, with fine ventral eversible glands on joints 6-10, blackish
and longer than the feet. Body segments coarsely 4-annulate, smooth,
shining, the tubercles represented by minute dark sete. Colour, honey-
brown, the dorsal region to the spiracles shaded with plumbeous black.
Thoracic feet pale, tinged with blackish. Greatly resembles the larva of
C. latitarsus ; but the colour is a watery umber-brown, the black marks
leaden.

Cocoon.—Formed below the ground. Thin, paper-like, shining, black,
elliptical, 8x3.5 mm.

The flies emerged the latter part of July. Found on Corylus rostrata

-at Woods’ Holl., Mass., and Plattsburgh, N. Y.

FOOD PLANTS OF SOME CALIFORNIAN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, JERSEYDALE, MARIPOSA CO., CALIFORNIA.

I have observed the egg laying of the following species of Lepidoptera
in the vicinity of the Yosemite Valley, California :—

Danais archippus.—Oviposits on the tender leaves near the flower
bud of Gomphocarpus cordifolius.

Argynnis epithore.—On the underside of the leaves of Viola ocellata.

Argynnis eglets (Highland variety)—On pine burrs, pine leaves,
sticks and stones, on the shaded side and as far underneath as is possible
for the @ to get.

Argynnts egleis (Lowland variety).—Anywhere on the leaves or stems
of Carex filifolia, Festuca ovina, Horkelia fusca, Potentilla gracilis,
Viola canina, etc.

Melitea chalcedon.—tIn a cluster like a bunch of grapes, from two to
fifteen or thirty eggs at a time on Castilleta parviflora.

Chrysophanus cupreus.— Under the leaves and on the side of the stalk

of Rumex paucifiorus.

Chrysophanus arota.—On the underside of the leaf of Vaccinium.

Chrysophanus helloides.—On the seed pods or in the leaf whorls or
the stems of Oxytheca spergulina and Gayophytum diffusum.

Chrysophanus editha.—On the underside of the leaf of Horkelia

Susca.

Lycena dedalus.—Between the petals and sepals or between the

sepals and bracts of the flower of Zrifolium monandrum.

46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Lycena rusticus,—As many as four eggs in succession on the upper
side of the erect leaves of Dodecatheon meadia var. lancifolium.

Anthocharis ausonides.—Mostly underneath the leaves of Arabis
[? sp. ].

Colias Behrii.—In the heart of the flower buds or tender leaves of
Vaccinium cespitosum and Gentiana Newberryii.

Farnassius smintheus.—On the side or top or hidden out of sight on
the leaves of Phlox cespitosa, Carex filifolia, Gayophytum diffusum, or on
pine burrs, sticks and rocks.

Papilio eurymedon.—Under the leaves of Ceanothus prosteratus.

Pamphila sabuleti.—At or near the base of the stem of Carex filifolia
and under the leaves of Z777/olium monandrum.

Pyrgus cespitalis.—In the centre of the plant, Horkelia fusca.

Eudamus tityrus.—On the underside of the leaves and on the stalk
of Hosackia grandifiora.

Eudamus nevada.—Singly or two beside each other on the leaves or
stem of Zrifolium monandrum.

Lepisesia clarkie.—On the underside of the leaves of Clarkia
rhomboidea and Gayophytum diffusum.

Flemaris cynoglossum.—On the same.

Alypia mariposa.—On Clarkia elegans and Godetia Williamsonii.

Alypia Ridingsit.—On Clarkia rhomboidea and Godetia Williamsonii.

Oncocnemis exemplarts.—On the underside and top of the leaves of
Gentiana Newberryit and on the grasses in the shadow of the plant.

Anarta Kellogit.—On the upperside of the erect, channeled leaves of
Carex filifolia.
Plusia californica.—On Trifolium monandrum.

Plusia Hochenwarthi.—Mostly underneath the leaves of Carex fili-
Solia, Gentiana Newberryii, Salix, Vaccinium, Axntennaria dioica,
Mimulus primulariodes, Castelleia Lemmonii and FPentstemon confertus.

Heliothis dipsaceus.—On Erythrea venusta.

Pyrausta unifascialis.—On the stems or stalk and on the leaves. A
sugar-loaf-like egg, which is laid on Sideways, applied near the pointed
end on Oxytheca spergulina and Gayophytum diffusum.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47

THE GENERA PIERIS, SCHRK., AND EUCHLOE, HB.
BY J. W, TUTT, LONDON, ENGLAND.

In the Ent. Am., 1889, pp. 33-34, is a note by Mr. T. D. A.
Cockerell, F. Z. S., “On the origin of the genus Anthocharis, Bdv., (=
Euchloé, Hb.),” and from his remarks on p. 34, it would appear that the
larva of Pieris protodice and that of Anthocharis ausonides are practically
identical, Mr. Cockerell’s assumption being based on a letter received
from Mr. W. H. Edwards. I am not at all certain as to the characters of
the American species included in Anthocharis, or whether the American
Anthocharids are co-generic with our species placed in Euchloé, Hb.
Kirby separates the genera and inciudes our common British species,
cardamines, in Euchloé, the American species in Anthocharis. I am
anxious to learn whether our species of Huchloé are co-generic with the
American species of Anthocharis.

In spite of the similarity of the larva of Pzerzs to that of Anthocharis
as mentioned by Mr. Cockerell, an unfailing (I believe) point of distinc-
tion occurs between Péeris and Euch/oé, the larva of the latter having
distinctly 7 subsegments to each segment, the larva of Prerzs but 6. But
a still more constant character exists in the neuration. In /verzs, the
neuration (Fig. 2) is as follows:—
coe, 1.¢.—Nervure 3 is absert, as also is 9,
l, but 8 gives off a small branch at

apex—8a. fueris brassicae, rape,
nap, callidice, daphlidice and bellidice
are identical in this respect.
But ELuchloé ge Ca
Fic, 2. has a different
type (Fig 3). It is as follows :—

By comparing the diagrams above it
will be noticed that in Euch/loé, 7 starts on
8 much nearer the discoidal cell than in Pveris. ;
8a, is much larger in Auch/oé, and g is an Fig. 3.
extra nervure in ELuch/oé not found in Pieris ; 10 starts nearer the end of
the cell in Preris than Euch/oé; whilst 6 is nearer to the base of 7 in
Pieris.

Our AZoria is like Pieris, except that 7 starts nearly from the base of
8 (near the apex of cell), as in Luch/oé, whilst 8a also is arranged as in
Euchloé ; 9 is absent as in Pieris.

1z

48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Leucophasia is a modification of Huchloé, but owing to the atrophy of
the cell which occupies only a small portion of the basal area of the
wing, ro and rf, as well as 7, 9 and 8a, all rise from 8.

I should be exceedingly obliged if any one who has a good, collection
of the N. American Preride would tell me which of the Pveridi and
Anthocharidi have neuration of these tyves.

I do not wish in any way to suggest disagreement with Mr. Cockerell’s
views, which may or may not be correct, but at the same time I do
wish to show that the superficia: larval resemblance is unreliable ; and
I wish also to obtain some information as to which of the American
Pieridi and Axnthocharidi agree generically with our British Huch/oé and
Pieris.

Rayleigh Villa, Westcombe Hill, Blackheath, S. E.

ADDITIONS TU THE LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.—
PART ‘ad:
BY A. H. KILMAN, RIDGEWAY, ONT.

As a supplement to my list of additions to Canadian Coleoptera pub-
lished in Can. Ent., Vol. XXI., I beg to submit the following list of
species taken since 1889, in Canada, and, as far as I can learn, not
recorded in any cf the published lists.
In the identification of species I have been aided by Mr. Ulke and
Dr. Hamilton.
(The numbers prefixed are those in Henshaw’s List.)
264 Clivina rubicunda, Zec. Very rare, on lake shore.
296 Panagzeus fasciatus, Say. One, on railway, May 23.
413 Bembidium cautum, Zec. Several, in moss, in early spring.
433 ‘lachys proximus, Say. Rare, hibernating in moss.
620 Evarthrus sodalis, Zec. Five, in clay, under moss, February.
712 Diplochila obtusa, Lec. One, under a log, May.
739 Badister flavipes, Zec. Rare, hibernating in moss.
820 Platynus vicinus, G. G #7. One, on lake shore.
838 " exaratus, Wann. Rare, on Jake shore, in the debris.
892 Lebia analis, De7. One, found while beating willows at Point
Abino.

1119 Harpalus testaceus, Zec. Rare, in pasture field, May.

1285 Ccelambus punctatus, Say. Several, in a pond, in low woods,
May.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 49

1426

1477

ee
1667

2114
2337
2484
2633
3753
3799

3804
3872

4607
4882

Agabus stridulator, Szarp. Several, in marsh drain, at Crystal
Beach, April.

Hydaticus stagnalis, “ad. Eight, in marsh drain, April.

Helophorus nitidulus, Zee. One, on lake shore.

Cercyon nigricolle, Say. Not rare here, in the manure of
pasture fields, June.

Quedius ferox, Zec. Very rare, in moss, March.

Stenus indigens, Casey. Rare, hibernating in moss.

Cryptobium badium, Grav. Rare, on lake shore, June.

Tachyporus elegans, Horn. Rare, on fungus, July.

Cryptarcha strigata, #ad. One, on a stump, June.

Corticaria dentigera, Zec. Not “common, found by beating
withered branches, July. ;

Corticaria deleta, Zann. Not common, got while sifting moss
in spring.

Bactridium cavicolle, Horn. Very rare, a pair on maple stump,
May 16.

Buprestis fasciata, var. 6—plagiata. Two specimens.

Podabrus basilaris, var. discoideus, Lec.
" " var. flavicollis, Zee.
" " var. punctulatus, Lec.

The varieties of this species are not rare here. They are found on the
foliage of pine and other trees in summer.

5°13

5594
5771
9623
9612
5774

Collops vittatus, Say. A few specimens of a variety in which
the thoracic spot is obsolete.
Odontzus obesus, Zee. One, from Vancouver.
Lachnosterna marginalis, Zec, Not rare.
" profunda, Bland. Rare.
" dubia, Syzzth. Common with L. fusca.
" rugosa, JZe/s. Occasional.

These species were found along with thousands of specimens of fusca
and other common kinds gathered on the sands of Lake Erie aftera
storm in June.

6550 Orsodacna atra var. tricolor, AZe/s. Rare.

6553

6895

Zeugophora puberula, Cv. Rare, by sweeping low bushes on
bank of creek.

Trirhabda convergens, Zec. Nepigon. Sent me by Rey, C. J. S,
Bethune ; determined by Mr. Ulke.

50 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

6944 (Edionychis 6-maculata, /7/.
Found this species abundant ‘on one occasidn while sweeping with a
net in a weedy swamp, July 8. Could not determine what plant.

7070 Microrhopala porcata, M/e/s. One specimen taken while ‘beating.

8677 Orchestes niger, Horn. Swept from weeds in June, three years
in succession. Never found it prior to 1890. W. H.
Harrington mentions this species among those found ‘at
Ottawa.

8956 Euchetes echidna, Zec. Rare, one found on elm. This speci-
men is in Mr. Reinecke’s collection.

9213 Eusphyrus Walshii, Zec. Not rare, found on dead basswood.

A VERY REMARKABLE AND ANOMALOUS SYRPHID, WITH
PECULIARLY DEVELOPED HIND TARSI.

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND.

In a lot of flies sent me from Illinois, by Professor S. A. Forbes, I
find a most remarkable species, which I am satisfied must be located in
the Syrphide, thougn the wing shows no sign of the spurious vein, and
the first posterior cell is open. The third antennal joint bears a terminal
arista, which character is shared by only two previously known North
American genera ; but the remarkable character of the fly lies in its hind
tarsi. These are most abnormaily developed, probably only in the ¢
sex, and might well be taken for monstrosities, did they not fully
correspond with each other. I regard this as a secondary sexual
character.

This syrphid will probably demand the erection of a separate tribe for
its reception, its venation being radically different from both Pedecocera and
Ceria, the two genera above referred to as possessing a terminal arista.
The wing and hind tarsus are figured in outline, merely to give a more
correct idea of the characters of this peculiar fly. On account of its
elaborately developed hind tarsi, I propose the name Caxorarsa for the
hew genus.

CALOTARSA, nov. gen.

Rather small, cinereous or blackish with yellow bands on abdomen,
the latter thinly pilose. Eyes contiguous in ¢ for fully 24 distance from .
ocelli to base of antenne, bare, extending on sides nearly to oval margin.
Ocelli situated on vertex. Antenne small, all three joints short, the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D1

third but little longer than the second, rounded and laterally compressed
but small, with a delicate, bare, terminal arista which is 2-jointed at
extreme base. Face bare, wholly dark coloured, not prominent, neither
carinate, tuberculate, nor hollowed, rather abbreviated below. Thorax
narrower than head, with a few weak bristles posteriorly and on
scutellum. Abdomen at base about as wide as thorax, narrowing
posteriorly. Hypopygium prominent, curved under the abdomen. Wings
(see fig. 4) longer than abdomen, spurious vein absent, third vein straight
and not bent into first posterior cell, marginal cell wide open, anterior
cross-vein far before middle of discal cell and rectangular, first posterior
cell open, an apical cross-vein springing from fourth vein about as far
beyond posterior cross-vein as length of latter, this apical cross-vein
evenly bowed in and leaving the remaining section of fourth vein as a
stump at its origin. While the apical cross vein greatly narrows the first

Fig 4.

Fie 5.

posterior cell, this stump, or rather this last section of the fourth vein,
proceeds on to the margin of the wing, thus forming an extra posterior
cell. Posterior cross-vein nearer to margin of wing (on fifth vein) than
¥ its length. Anterior and middle metatarsi about as long as remaining
tarsal joints together. Hind metatarsi (see fig. 5) and two following
joints equal, widened outwardly, thin and flattened, the metatarsus on its
outer edge with a long slender cilium or petiole which is winged at its
base ; the third tarsal joint with a similar cilium, but not winged at base,
bearing two round, thin and flattened chitinous tips or appendages, one
at the end, the other on posterior border of cilium a little beyond middle
and connected with base and inner extent of cilium by a clear thin mem-
braneous wing ; fourth joint more elongate, its body or inner portion
more thickened, but furnished outwardly with an enlarged thin and
flattened wing which is strongly notched on its posterior inner border,

52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

convexly curved on its outer border, and fully 3 times as long as the
flattened joint preceding ; fifth joint and claws normal.

Calotarsa ornatipes, NOV. sp, 6. |

Eyes cinnamon-brown; face, anterior portion of front, cheeks,
occiput, and oral region cinereous. Antenna fulvous, arista brownish.
Thorax cinereous, with four brownish vitte. Scutellum cinereous,
Abdomen light brownish, all of second, third and fourth segments except
hind borders dark yellow, the yellow on fourth segment being more of a
rufous, fifth segment and hypopygium nearly black ; thin pile of abdomen
yellowish on three anterior segments, darker posteriorly. Front and
middle legs light fulvous, tarsi hardly darker. Hind legs fulvous, distal
24 of femora blackish, first three tarsal joints and body of fourth clothed
with brassy hairs; the winged base of petiole on metatarsus light
brownish ; the chitinous tips or plates of petiole on third joint, wing of
fourth joint, and whole of fifth nearly black. Claws and pulvilli a little
elongate. Wings nearly hyaline, hardly tinged with tawny, the third
costal cell pale yellowish. MHalteres large, knobs brownish, stalks
yellowish.

Length, hardly 6 mm.; of wing, 6 mm.

Described from a single ¢ specimen. _ Illinois.

BOOK NOTICES.

MONOGRAPHIE DES PHYCITINA ET DES GALLERUNH: Par E. L.

RaGONOT.

The first volume of M. Ragonot’s long-expected Monograph of the
Phycitinze and Galleriinee of the World has just appeared, and forms a
quarto volume of 658 pages, besides 56 pages in the preface and introduc-
tion, and three plain and twenty coloured plates.

The first plate is devoted to structural details of the head, palpi and
antennee, while the next two plates represent the various forms of vena-
tion. The remaining twenty plates represent from twenty to twenty-five
species each, with the body and wings of one side, while, in some cases,
the underside of the wings of the other side is represented. Many
structural details of the head, palpi and antennz are also exhibited on
these plates.

The figures are very accurately and beautifully drawn, and show a
delicacy and softness rarely seen. An attempt has been made, for the
first time, as M. Ragonot truly says, to represent the veins in the hind

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53

wings correctly, and this seems to have been done quite successfully.
The colouring, however, is not as satisfactory, in some cases, as could
have been desired.

The introduction gives a complete history of the sub-family and of
their structure and classification, and, at the end, a synoptical table of the
genera of the Phycitini, the first division of the Phycitine. The second
division (Anerastini) and the Galleriinze will appear in the next volume.

It will be seen that M. Ragonot does not agree with many English
and American entomologists in classification, for he regards these insects
as a sub-family, while many others give them family rank. I must con-
fess that I have, for a long time, been of M. Ragonot’s opinion, and
varied from it in Smith’s List of the Lepidoptera only for the sake of
uniformity, since the plan of that work was determined by others, It
was a case of ‘“‘ Mohamet and the mountain.”

The entire work will form two volumes of Romanoff’s magnificent
Memoirs of the Lepidoptera, and all the species will be figured, so far as
it is possible to secure specimens, except such as have already been
figured. American students of the Microlepidoptera, as well as those of
other countries, owe a debt of gratitude, not only to Mons, Ragonot for
the excellent manner in which he has done his work, but also to His
Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Nicolas Mikhailovitch, for affording
M. Ragonot the opportunity of publishing this beautiful and useful work,
and of illustrating it so profusely. C. H. FERNALD.

EvoLutioN AND TaxoNomy: An essay on the application of the theory
of natural selection in the classification of animals and plants, illus-
trated by a study of the evolution of the wings of insects and by a
contribution to the classification of the Lepidoptera, by John Henry
Comstock, B. S. The Wilder Quarter-Century Book, pp. 37-113. _

All scientific entomologists will be gratified at the appearance of this
paper, which is an attempt to base a classification of the Lepidoptera
upon the ground of evolution. It is evolution by natural selection, not
befogged by the questionable action of so-called ‘‘acquired characters.”

The Lepidoptera are divided into two suborders, the Jugatee and Frenate,

according to the two essentially different methods of uniting the fore and

hind wings in flight.

The primitive venation is supposed to have consisted of six principal

veins or groups of veins, from which the present ones were derived by a

54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

process of specialization in adaptation to new conditions of life. A nomen-
clature is adopted for these veins, following Redtenbacher, which is to be
applicable to all insects, taking account of the veins developed in certain
families between radius (sub-costal) and media (discal), and between
media and cubitus (median). These the author believes to be of second-
ary origin. The paper is illustrated by 33 figures of venation and three
plates.
It is a valuable contribution to American entomology, and should be
carefully read by all who wish to see a scientific classification take the
place of the misty divisions heretofore in use in Lepidopterology.
Harrison G. Dyar.

CORRESPONDENCE.

PAPILIO CRESPHONTES.
On the 17th of October I found near London a colony of larve
of this butterfly, from one nearly full fed to half-a-dozen little ones about
half an inch long. J. Atston Morrat, London, Ont.

ON TRIANA.

The generic term Z7zena is used by Hiibner (see my list, Can. Enr.,
Xvii., 95, of the North Am. Dagger Moths) for a genus of (Voctuide.
Consequently, the Thysanurid genus (Can. ENT., xxv., 318) must be re-
named, and may be called Macgillivraya, with Z. miradilis, Tullb., as
type. A. R. Grote, A.M.

EUDRYAS CYPRIS. .
I would add to my description of this South American species in the
Dec. No. of the CaNnapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, that the point in which it
agrees with grata is the deep, outward, even sweep of the pale median
field of primaries. In wzzo, the uneven outer margin of the median field
is nearly perpendicular from within apices on costa to above internal
angle. Cyfris differs from grata by the darker marginal band being
continued inwardly from apices along costa, as also by the absence of the
prominent dark costal stripe from base outwardly. The darker, creamy
and olivaceous or ochraceous median field of primaries, as well as the red
unbanded hindwings and undersurface, are quick characters by which
Cypris may be distinguished from either of its alles. A. R. GRorTE.

Mailed February 3rd.

Che ol —

'

VOL. XXVL LONDON, MARCH, 1894. No! 3,

BAS); ‘BY? HENRY |e EWES LL. $., Fo Z Seb REST
DENT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF LONDON, AND JAMES EDWARDS,

KE. S.,”, TRANS. ENT. SOC,

LOND.; 1893, PART IV.

(DEC.).

BY WM. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

Mr. Elwes has again favoured us with one of his periodical Revisions
of Genera, the last of which, relating to Argynnis, was reviewed by me
in the Can. Ent., XXII, p. 81, 1890.

It is stated that Mr. James Edwards is responsible for the matter of
what are called ‘‘clasps” of the male, meaning the claspers of other
authors ; and these parts of the whole body of abdominal appendages
are the only ones treated of, or relied on. He has also given a compara-
tive table at the end, based partly on the facies, and partly on the
claspers. A plate of these last is appended. On p. 458 is a statement
of “the types of clasp-form ” found in the genus: ‘fin Vorua and Jutta
there ts an unusual amount of vuriation, but the differences are merely
those of degree, and are not, in the most extreme. cases, sufficient to
obscure the relationship of the species.” Of like types of the ‘clasp-
form ” are :——

1. Chryxus, Bore, Taygete.

2. Urda, Uhleri. 3. Foreign all.

4. Semidea, Jutta, Fulla. .

5. Subhyalina (which, according to Elwes, is vo, Boisd., and
Crambis, Freyer), Brucet, Norna. ,

It strikes me that it is rather odd, if claspers are tests of affinity or
separateness, that Chryxus and Sore should fall together; or Semidea
and Jutta; or 4no and Worna; in each case the two species named

56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

belonging to different sub-groups. Avmuce/ as a species was pronounced
by Dr. Staudinger originally to be a form cf Gore. Turning to the plate,
it appears that the claspers of Vorza and what is called “ Semidea, Colo-
rado form,” (and which is 40, Bdv.) are sufficiently alike to be one
species, though widely separated by the facies, and Semidea of the White
Mts. is farther from 470 than from Vorva, though the first two are of
one sub-group. .The truth is that claspers, or the whole body of abdom-
inal appendages, are unreliable for determining what are species. Mr.
Scudder unwittingly gave the coup de grace to that fad, when he said, p.
329, Butt., N. E., of Grapta /nterrogationis, that ‘“‘ the two forms of this
species, Habricii and Umbrosa, differ so greatly and so constantly from
each other, not only in the colouring, but in the form of the wings, and
even in the abdominal appendages, that they have been considered as dis-
tinct species.” ‘That is, if they had not by breeding from the egg been
proved to be one species, they would be considered as two! But in Mr.
Scudder’s plates, which are a marvel of drawing, and are of undoubted
accuracy, several species of Argynnis have one style of organs ; so several
Graptas ; several Phyciodes, several Theclas, several Limenitis, several
Colias, etc. ; differing between themselves in each case not more than the
individuals of any one species would doubtless differ. We read even in
this Revision under view that in orna and in /u¢ta there is an unusual
amount of individual variation in the claspers. Of course there is such
variation everywhere. In every part of the organization of every species
there is individual variation. I have before gone into this subject pretty
fully, in the Can. Enr., XXIII, p. 55, and need not say more here,
Though I may as welladd that by Mr. Scudder’s plates the allied groups
do not always show the same style of organs, thus: Grapta Progne can-
not be distinguished from Grapta Comma, though they belong to different
sub-groups, while Grapta /aunus differs conspicuously from Comma,
though these two belong to one and the same sub-group. Twenty years
ago, before the larvz of these species had been reared, Dr. Staudinger
and others, judging by the facies, insisted that Haunus and Comma and
Grapta Satyrus were nothing but one species. See Butt. N. A., Vol. L,
Note to G. Comma text. And this, by the way, is a good illustration of
the unreliability of facies alone for determining species which are closely
allied. In my opinion, after reading what has been published by Mr.
Scudder on the genitalia, and carefully going over his beautiful plates, I
deny that claspers and all the organs together are valuable for the pur-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57

poses claimed. They may be of aid in case of families and genera ; but
are unreliable, and therefore valueless in case of species.

We now come to the list of species, p. 460. I shall speak only of
the North American species, for I have no acquaintance with others, ex-
cept such as specimens of the butterflies in my collection afford, and in
several cases J have never seen the species. Under Vevadensis, Felder,
are ranged Gigas, Butler, Californica, Bdvl., and Zduna, Edw. ‘“ After
comparing very numerous specimens in my own and other collections,
from California, Oregon, Washington and Vancouver Island, of which
the last was sent me by Mr, Fletcher as Gigas, I cannot allow that the
differences relied on by Mr. W. H. Edwards between these Californica
and /duna are of any weight, and I have no hesitation in uniting these
four supposed forms. The habitat of THIS SPECIES is peculiar. I have
TAKEN IT in Oregon, at about 2,000 feet, flying 7x stony or rocky pine
woods, where there was not much undergrowth. Iv occurs as high as 7,000
Feet, on Mt. Hood, in the same State, according to Morrison, and is com-
mon in the pine forests of Mendocino County, California.” That is
as good a sample of the illumination of this author as I could select. He
has become possessed of, or has seen numerous specimens of THIS species,
(one, or at most a trifling number, was sent him as Gigas), and under-
takes to decide off-hand that all these forms are one species, and that IT
flies in Vancouver Island, Mendocino and Oregon. Mr. W. G. Wright
has taken Gizgas on Vancouver Island two seasons ; has taken /duma at
Mendocino two, if not three, seasons ; and Californica in Washington.
He is positive that they are three distinct species, from their habits of
flight, and his observations on their behaviour in natural state; and from
the character of the regions they constantly inhabit. Mr. Fletcher, who
has taken Gzgas in Vancouver, has written me since he has seen this Re-
vision :—‘‘I don’t agree with him that Vevadensis is the same as Cadi-
fornica and Gigas at all. All three are to my mind quite distinct, in the
males at any rate.” ;

I, myself, have never seen one of these species alive, but I have bred
two of them from egg to adult larva, namely, /duna and Caltfornica, in
both cases the larve reaching the adult stage the same season, but dying
before pupation ; and twice I have reared larve of Gigas to the second
moult, when they allhibernated. In fact, I have, or ought to have, larvz of
Gigas alive to-day. Aid from these stages, and the behaviour of the larve,
I am certain there are three species. As Mr. Elwes speaks of the “ differ-

58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ences relied on by Mr. Edwards,” he refers to my plates and text in
Vol. 2, B. N. A., 1875 ; and I should here say that when those plates
were published, my information as to all these forms was very meagre,
and very few examples were in collections. As to Gigas, I had never
seen the male, and the only one known to be in any collection was the
type specimen in the British Museum. So my figure was given from a
drawing made for the purpose at the Museum, and it was badly coloured,
and inadequately represented the under side of the hind wing, which in
this genus is usually the most characteristic part of the insect. As to the
female, it was copied from the best of three poor examples which I had
from Mr. Crotch, and these were the only examples of the species in
American collections. The figures of Ca/ifornica and /duna are well
done. I intend before Vol. 3 closes to re-figure Gigas, and to give all the
stages I may then be able to ; and ali the stages of the other two except
the pupe. As to Vevadensis, it is not a fourth species, though I let it
stand alone, not knowing to which of the three it was intended to apply.
It was impossible to decide from the very poor figure or the description.
I rather thought it was meant to represent Ca/ifornica, but Dr. Holland
is confident that it was intended for Gigas. If this is so, apparently the
name of the Vancouver species should be Vevadensis, as the catalogues
date it 1867, whereas Gigas dates 1868. But Mr. Butler has informed
me that Felder antedated by one year his species. It was really not pub-
lished and on sale till 1868, and subsequent to the issue of the Cat. of
Satyr., which figured and described Gigas, and so Gigas would have
priority. A vast deal has been learned respecting these species since
1875, and they are now by no means uncommon in collections.

That Mr. Elwes is sometimes willing to allow that habitat and habits
of flight are a factor in determining species, as well as distinct geographi-
cal ranges, appears in what he says of /vaZ/da, on p. 469 :—‘“ I was in-
clined to think /va//da was a pale form of this (/Ciryxus), as I could not
see any distinction but that of colour. Prof. Owen, however, who has
taken both, assures me that the habitat and flight of the two differ ; and,
as the geographical range of /va//da, which, so far as we know, is confined
to the Sierra Nevada, in Placer County, California, and about Lake
Tahoe. is quite distinct from that of Czryxus, which is not known to
occur in the Rockies in the U.S., 7¢ may probably be looked on as a con-
stantly distinct species.” ‘This is really sensible and to the point. Mr.
Bruce had written me from Colorado, last summer, after spending a day

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59

on the peaks with Mr. Elwes :—“ In Zya//da, as a species, he utterly dis-
believes, though Mr. Owen said there was a vast deal of difference be-
tween the habits of it and Czryxus.” Mr. Elwes afterwards visited Pro-
fessor Owen, and it appears yielded his prepossessions. But why does
not a difference in habits and flight and geographical range in the three
species before spoken of indicate differences which are specific, as well
as in /vallda and Chryxus ?

On page 466, our author thinks that in the absence of any confirma-
tion of Mr. Fletcher’s statement that “a single female of JZacounii was
taken at Morley, Alberta, he is inclined to think this female must have
been MWevadensis””—which is the first time I have heard that a statement
of Mr. Fletcher’s needed confirmation by another witness. ‘ But
our entomological knowledge of the vast tract of prairie and
forest north and west of Lake Superior is so trifling that
Ihave little doubt that it (Aacouniz) will be discovered else-
where.” In the Revision of Argynnis, this author laid it down as a
proposition that North America was now so thoroughly explored
that no more new species of Argynnis need be expected to appear. Since
the publication of which I have described six new species of Argynnis,
three of them as pronounced as AfZossa, Alberta and Victoria. It is un-
safe to prophecy.

Under Ufleri is put Varuna as identical. “It is impossible to
separate the two forms,” p. 472. Varuna is a plains species, in Dakota,
according to Wiley, living on the “bad lands,” and on rolling and plateau
prairie, which is covered with grass and sage-bush, the elevation about
2,000 feet. Morrison took it in Dakota also, elevation 1,200 feet. Mr.
Wright took it in Montana, on the foot-hills of the low, isolated moun-
tains, considerably to the East of the Rockies. He says: “I have never
seen it flying west of the Missouri River, nor on any of the spurs of the
chief Rocky Mts. It flies only on the lower slopes, say at z,000 feet or so
above the level lands.” Mr. Elwes says, that in the Rocky Mts. of
Alberta it goes up 4.000 feet, at Kananaskis, which would be equivalent
to upwards of 5,000 in Colorado; but that he has taken UA/eri in the
Rockies at 9,000-10,000 feet, and in Yellowstone Park at 7,000. Mr.
Bruce says UAderi is taken at from 5,500 to 10,000 feet, in Colorado.
One and the same species of Chionobas does not fly on low grassy plains
and on alpine peaks. The differences in the facies of the imago are
patent enough to an experienced eye. Undoubtedly they are two

60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

species. I have treated sufficiently of this matter in Part 12, Vol. IIL,
B. N. A. The case is parallel to that of Caryxus and Jvallda, allowed
by the author to be two species. But, if Varuna cannot be separated
from Uy’/eri, how can the author be sure that the Kananaskis examples
at 4,000 feet (5,000+0f Colorado), were not Ufleri? It is altogether
probable they were. On p. 467, anew species called A/berta is described,
from Calgary. It is a curious thing that this 4/berfa is put between 47/0
and Chryxus, though it is said to ‘“‘bear the greatest superficial resemblance
to Zaygete.” Now, on comparing the description of AZberta with the plate
and description of Varuna, in B. N. A, Vol IIL, these two cannot be dis-
tinguished from each other. Mr. Fletcher tells me he sent me an example
of this Alberta a year ago, and I returned it labelled Varuna. Really
this is too too! Why then all this jumble about three other non-allied
species ?

Mr. Elwes does not think that Semzdea is found in Labrador ; at least
he has seen no specimens from that quarter. Here I am pleased to say
that I agree with him, as I have never seen a Semidea from Labrador.
But he has no doubt that a specimen in Mr. Lyman’s collection from
Hudson’s Strait is Semédea. Similarly I have a single example, a female,
taken at Fort Chimo, Hudson’s Strait, that I consider to be Semidea.
The species will be fully illustrated in Pt. 15, B. N. A., Vol. 3, soon to
issue. What Moschler distributed as Semidea, from Labrador, was 410,
Boisd., and -4/vo is the species taken on the peaks of Colorado. Assim-
ilis is a variety of #0, taken in both localities. It is without a band on
under hind wings, or almost none. I have treated fully of these forms in
Part 14. Mr. Elwes continues, p. 473: ‘ All authors who have yet
examined specimens of the form occurring in Colorado seem to agree in
identifying them with the typical White Mountains Semdea, but, on com-
paring a series of five pairs from each locality, I can certainly pick out the
Colorado specimens by the following.characters,” etc., etc. ; closing thus :
‘‘T certainly think there is good ground for looking on it as an incipient
species.” It is identical with Labrador xo beyond a doubt.

This brings us to Subhyalina, Curtis, p. 475 :—‘ I have had more
difficulty in dealing with the synonymy of this species than any other,
but, after having compared the unique type of Subhylina, Curtis, in
Guenee’s collection, kindly lent me by Mr. Oberthur, the figure of Cram-
bis, given by Freyer, the type of Assimilis, in the British Museum, and
several other specimens in the British Museum from various parts of Arc-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61

tic America, as well as from Hudson’s Straits, I have come to the conciusion
that it is impossible to distinguish more than one species. Jf zs true that
the variations in size, colour and distinctness of the band on the hind wing
below are great, but not greater, or even so great, as that found insome other
species I have already dealt with,” and so on; “this opinion is confirmed
by Mr. J. Edwards’s examination of the clasps of some of the specimens
differing most remarkably in appearance, including the type of Subhya-
Zina, 1n which, fortunately, a critical examination is possible without
dissection.” I assert that the author here is totally wrong, and that he
has mixed up two, if not three species, and I deny that the example
in the Oberthur collection is the type of Swdhylina, Curtis. Curtis
described a single male, no other example taken, which, he says, he
thought at first sight was an old and faded specimen of Hipparchia Rosszz,
just before described. But, on examination, ‘‘it proved to be in good con-
dition.” He says it is black and the wings are semi-transparent,and the name
Subhyalina implies that it is nearly transparent. Hyaline, in the diction-
ary,is given as glassy, transparent. Now, Cramdéis is a comparatively opaque
species, and no more hyaline than are the leathern wings of a bat. 40,
Boisd,is somewhat translucent,aboutas much so as Semidea,not transparent,
like C. Brucet, which is a sub-hyaline species. Neither of these has the
peculiar appearance which led Curtis to think it old and worn. Cramdis
is dark brown, xo is brown, varying from livid to yellow-brown. Bois-
duval, Icones, p. 195, describes the color as ‘‘un gris-brunatre-livide
melé de jaunatre.” Assimidis, as I have said, is an unbanded form of
fino, and was described by Mr. Butler in his Catalogue of Satyride. I
sent two examples, one quite unbanded, the other partly, to Mr. Butler,
and he pronounced them his Assimi/is “undoubtedly.” It is found
wherever Zo flies, and copulates with “zo. Subhyalina was taken in
1830, described in 1835. In course of sixty odd years the chances are
against the survival of any particular cabinet insect. It has a hundred
enemies, beside the possibility of accident. It is not an unknown thing
for the owner of a collection of insects, when a type is destroyed, to
attach the label to another example that seems near, or pretty near, the
original. He knows of the accident, and of the shifting of the label, and
would explain it if circumstances rendered it necessary. But he dies, and
his collections pass to another hand, and no one notices the discrepancy
between the description and the supposed type. It is the rule that when -
description and type are found to be antagonistic, the latter must be ig-

62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

nored, and the description alone is the guide. We may be very sure
that Curtis never described a brown, semi‘opaque, or a yellow-brown semi-
translucent insect as sub-hyaline ; nor would he have given the name of
black to those very different hues; nor would brown and _ yellow-
brown insects have shown the worn and faded appearance of which he
speaks, and yet have been said by him to be ‘tin good condition.” To
reduce Crambis or Aino to a worn and faded appearance, a pretty
complete abrasion of the wing-scales would have been required. It is
impossible that the Oberthur insect should be the type described by
Curtis. Moreover, Boisduval described Gino in 1832, and if it and
Subhyalina, Curtis, were the same species, Zio would have the priority.
The history of this Oberthur specimen is this: after Curtis’s death, Mr.
Henry Doubleday purchased the types of Curtis’s Arctic butterflies, and
gave them as a present to M. Guenee. And my informant adds, “I
think it quite possible that the label may have been displaced. It is even
possible that Curtis did not label his types, and that Doubleday may
have done the work after Curtis’s death, and done it incorrectly. At any
rate, if the supposed type does not answer to the description, it is tolerably
certain that the type label cannot belong to it. M. Guenee hardly touched
the diurnal Lepidoptera, he was essentially a student of the Heterocera.
You ask, Why was not the type in this case placed in the British Museum ?
Probably Doubleday did not attach the importance to type specimens
which we do now-a-days.”

I will quote here a few lines from a well-known paper of twenty years
ago, by the lamented W. Arnold Lewis, entitled ‘‘ A Discussion of the
Law of Priority,” 1872. On p. 23: “‘ Now, let us see what real assist-
ance in the way of achieving certainty entomologists can obtain from
inspection of type-specimens. He who examines an author’s types may
find them just as the author placed them, and bearing his labels. On
the other hand, he may find them sorted and re-arranged, without labels
or fresh ones. 3 * * He may find the author’s labels
affixed to species for which they were not meant. Dr. Staudinger says :
‘It happens that authors after having created species afterwards mix up
in their collections, together with the originals, species which are very
near to them,’ and Mr. Dawson says: ‘Suppose Stephens’s collection,
instead of coming to us direct from the hands of its compiler and owner,
three years ago, had become antiquated, like the Linnean ; or suppose the

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65

question of the types to be discussed some 60 or 70 years hence, with no
more definite knowledge on the subject to assist the inquirer than
the Stephensian types and the Stephensian descriptions would supply ;
might it not be argued that the types (in the cases under discus-
sion) must be ignored, as they never could have been intended to
represent the true Loppa pulicaria, Steph., because they are antagonistic
to the description ?”

Again, quoting Dawson: “Dr. Schaum invariably refers to the
Stephensian types; my references are frequently given to Stephens’s
works, irrespective of the types. Now we are well aware that these do
not always correspond, but that, on the contrary, considerable difference
is often to be found between them. 4

‘Before the Linnean collection was placed in its present quarters, it
was so maltreated by additions, destructions and displacemeut of labels,
as to render it a matter of regret that it now exists at all.”

I must express my astonishment that the author of this Revision
should have undertaken to overturn the work of two generations of
entomologists, and to mix up several species as one by reference to a
single type insect, taken 64 years ago, represented, as he should at once
have seen, by a bogus specimen !

The description of Curtis, on which, is our sole reliance, applies
closely and almost exactly to the species taken at Laggan, and to which
Mr. Elwes gives the name of ABeanzz. It is sub-hyaline, as much and
perhaps more so than C. Brucei. It is pale black, and it has the
faded and worn appearance mentioned by Curtis, particularly so by its
clouded and smoky underside. ‘The other markings agree well with his
description. I described this species as Subhyalina, Curtis, in Can.
Ent., XXV., p. 137, 1893, and in Part 15, Vol. 3, B. N. A., it will be
fully illustrated. The reading of this so-called Revision convinces me
that I was and am right.

In Part XIV. I gave the series of the American species thus: 1
Crambis ; 2 Brucei; 3 Ano, and its var. Assimilis: 4 Semidea; 5 Sub-
hyalina; rejecting Adso as not American, and I hold to this to-day,

64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

On p. 459, Chionobas Stretchiz, Edw., is excluded from consideration,
on the ground that it is the same thing as Hipparchia Ridingsii, “of the
same author.” As the fact that S¢vefchiz was not a Chionobas has been
known for many years, and published in my catalogues, it was not neces-
sarv to refer to it in the Revision. But I will take this opportunity to
say tbat the types, a single pair, have disappeared. They were returned
by me to Dr. Behr, after description, 1870. I did not consider them:
Ridingsii then, of course. Now, on comparing the description with that
species, I am sure it is not Rzdingsiz. Nor is it Dionysius, the other of
the known American species of Neominois. Mr. Bruce has suggested
that it may be a third species of the genus, inhabiting Nevada (whence
the types came) and the deserts of N. E. California, a region thus far
wholly unexplored by naturalists. Mr, W. G. Wright goes there with a
party of botanists and ornithologists the coming summer, and I trust he
will re-discover Stretchzz.

The value of publications of the class of the Revision under view
depends much on whether or no the author is thoroughly acquainted with
his subject, and such acquaintance implies considerable experience as a
lepidopterist, and study of the forms he undertakes to speak of. He
should have an eye for specific differences, and while this comes in part
by training, it is largely a natural gift. Some lively workers go all their
days without having this originally or attaining it. He should have made
himself acquainted with the preparatory stages of as many of the species
treated of as possible, for there never will be a final, authoritative revision of
any genus of butterflies whatever till these stages in every species of it are
known. Species areas clearly distinguished by the formandsculpture of their
eggs, by the forms and appendages of the caterpillars, and by the peculi-
arities of the pupe, as by the facies of the imago. No man can speak
with authority who relies simply on the facies of the imago. This feature
has been the occasion of the endless and irreconcilable differences that
prevail in nearly all genera up to this day, To proceed further in the
same direction is plainly a waste of time. It is a case of the blind lead-
ing the blind to undertake to bring order out of the confessed confusion
by appealing to facies. Add to the qualifications I have enumerated an
acquaintance with the behaviour, habits of flight, and localities of the
species, either from personal observation or reliable reports of thoroughly
good observers. When an author has this equipment he may with good
reason undertake to revise genera, and his decision will be respected.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65

PREPARATORY STAGES OF LAPHYGMA FLAVIMACULATA,
HARV., AND OTHER NOTEs.

BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.

Laphygma flavimaculata, Harvey.

Determined by Prof. J. B. Smith. Eggs of this species occurred to me
in the Hawaiian Islands at Kaawaloa, Kona, Hawaii and at Honolulu,
Oahu.

Egg.—Nearly spherical, flattened at base, densely striated vertically ;
of a flesh-coloured tint, and covered with gray down ; diameter, 0.6 mm.
Deposited in a large mass on a grass stcm.

First stage.—Head rounded, slightly bilobed, shining black, labrum
whitish ; width, o.3 mm. Body small, the feet perfectly normal, the
thoracic ones black, the others whitish like the body. Warts arranged
much as in Arctia, concolorous with the body, inconspicuous, each with
a single stiff black hair. Larva walks rapidly, with a slightly geometri-
form motion.

Second stage.-—Head shining blackish-brown, much paler in front
over the clypeus and mouth ; width 0.55, mm. Body enlarged at joint
12; bluish green, the tubercles distinct, black, each with a black seta.
Dorsal, subdorsal and lateral whitish lines, distinct, even ; subventral
space whitish, but with no distinct line. Feet normal, all pale, the thoracic
ones slightly testaceous. Cervical shield largely shaded with black or
brown.

Third stage.—Head dark brown, nearly black, shining ; a paler stripe
over the ocelli ; a few hairs; width, o.8 mm. Body blackish-green; dis-
tinct dorsal, subdorsal and lateral pale green lines, the lateral one narrower
than the others. Subventral space and venter pale, defined above by a
pale green subventral band, which contrasts with the dark colour of the
dorsum, but is only a shade lighter than the venter. Piliferous dots
black, distinct, each with a minute black seta.

Fourth stage-—Head entirely black ; width, 1.2 mm. _ Body velvety
black, green centrally on the venter, with very narrow, broken, double
dorsal, single subdorsal and lateral, and broad, greenish-white subventral
lines, the latter not reaching to the last segment. Sete short, black, the
dots no longer distinguishable. Feet pale green, tipped with blackish.
Spiracles white. The larva curls spirally when at rest.

Fifth stage-—Head shining black, a little mottled with pale brown on
the sides ; width, 1.8 mm. Body deep sooty black ; the space between

66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the two narrow dorsal lines is paler, giving the appearance of a broad,
pale band with defined edges ; subdorsal line triplicate, narrow, faint ;
lateral line single, more distinct than the others ; subventral one not
broad, but distinct, yellowish with a green shade centrally. Spiracles
white. Venter pale green ; feet pale, all tinged with testaceous.

Sixth stage-—Head rounded, shining black, the sutures of clypeus
and antennz white. A pale brown, mottled lateral band. Width, 2.7
mm. Body sooty black to the venter, which is pale whitish, tinged with
red, the subventral region less deeply black than the dorsal. On joint 2,
a distinct, narrow, white dorsal and subdorsal line, the dorsal absent on
the rest of the body. A super-stigmatal, fine, white line, with a series of
five very narrow, faint lines above it bluish-white, and broken minutely
into dots. Above these two more lines, further apart than the five are
from each other, more distinct and continuous. The upper one of these
lines joins the subdorsal. line on joint 2, but is much narrower than it is.
Spiracles white. Subventral line broad, its edges irregular ; pale yellow
with a central dull greenish or reddish shade. Subventral space mottled
with yellowish. Feet pale, greenish outwardly and tipped with reddish.
Sete present, short, dark. As the stage advances, the dorsal line appears,
resembling a shining black band against the sooty black ground colour.
Subventral space blackish, densely mottled with round, pale spots.

At end of this stage the larve enter ground.

Pupa.—Of normal shape ; cremaster of two separate, rather distinct,
slender points, directed backward. Colour uniformly light brown.
Length, 13 mm. ; width, 4 mm.

Food plants.—Grasses.

Tentocampa pacifica, Harvey.

Four stages observed (full number, six ?) with the following widths of

head :—1.1 mm., 1.5 mm., 2.[2] mm., 3.2 mm.

Mature larva.—-Head whitish-green with a few black piliferous dots.
Body enlarged at joint 12 ; feet normal in all the stages observed. Body
green, speckled with white ; piliferous dots small, black. Narrow dorsal,
faint subdorsal, stigmatal and faint subventral white lines, the upper two
connected on joint 12 by a broad white band on the hump. The
stigmatal line passes on to the anal feet. A white line on anterior edge of
cervical shield. Another larva, probably the same, had its head brown-
ish-testaceous, mottled with whitish, clypeus whitish, with a large black
shade on each side. Body velvety brown, darker on the anterior portion

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67

on the segments and minutely mottled with pale. A very broad, dis-
tinct, white stigmatal line, enclosing the black spiracles and shaded
faintly on each segment with pink and yellow, passing very narrowly
on to anal foot. On joint 12, on the anterior part of the hump, a dark
brown subdorsal shade, defined on its posterior side, diffuse before.
There are traces of dorsal, subdorsal and lateral whitish lines. Found
on maple and wild cherry.

Larve from Yosemite, California.

Forms a firm cell in the ground without silk.

Xylina oregonensis, Harvey.

Head moderately bilobed, smooth, shining green, mottled obscurely
with yellowish-green ; mouth parts pale, whitish; jaws dark; ocelli
brown ; width, 3.7 mm. Joint r2 not enlarged ; joint 13 small. Lustre-
less yellowish-green, closely covered with little, short, irregular yellow
lines, resembling mottlings. Narrow, broken, almost dotted dorsal, sub-
dorsal and stigmatal lines, the latter passing obscurely on to anal foot.
Lines of equal width and much resembling the mottlings. Spiracles
small, white with narrow black edge. Piliferous dots distinct, white,
each with a single, short, pale seta. Tips of abdominal feet pale. Later
in the stage the markings become more distinct, the stigmatal line pale
yellow, spotted with red.

Food plant.—Oak ( Quercus Kelloggiz ).

Determined by Prof. Smith from two crippled specimens.

Xylomiges perlubens, Grote.

£gg.—Spheroidal, flattened, closely reticulated, the depressions between
forming vertical rows, at the micropyle forming a radiating circular row
of smaller cells. There are about 40 rows around the egg. Colour, sordid,
pearly white, not shining ; diameter 0.7 mm. Laid in a mass, two layers
deep, on the back of a leaf.

First stage.—Head pale testaceous, shining ; mouth brownish, eyes ,
black ; width, 0.3 mm. Body pale whitish, subtranslucent, with large
black piliferous dots. Only the last three pairs of abdominal feet are
distinct, and the larve ‘ loop” about very actively.

Second stage.-—Head pale whitish testaceous, densely spotted with
black ; mouth brown ; width, o.5 mm. Body pale, soft green, joint 12 en-
larged, the two anterior pair of abdominal feet smaller than the rest.
Piliferous dots large, black. A broad, evident, white stigmatal line,
besides narrower dorsal, subdorsal and lateral ones. Sets black.

68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Lhird stage —Head pale white, with large, black, piliferous spots ;
width, about 0.9 mm. Body blackish green. Lines white, the stigmatal
a little greenish centrally. Piliferous spots large, black, faintly. encircled
with white.

_ Fourth stage.-—As before. Width of head, 1.2-1.4 mm. A broad, dull
red band appears in the centre of the stigmatal band.

Fifth stage-—Head shining pale whitish, reticulated with Senate and
bearing a number ot large, black piliferous spots ; ocelli black ; a blackish
streak at vertex of each lobe ; width 1.9 mm. Body dull green, heavily
mottled with black, especially at the sides, where it is nearly entirely
velvety black. Dorsal and subdorsal lines narrow, white ; stigmatal line
sordid reddish, bordered above and below by white. Piliferous dots
black, with white centres. Feet pale.

Sixth stage.—Head pale whitish, with a tinge of green, a patch of
brown reticulations on each lobe, bordered’above and below by a broad,
dark brown streak ; a number of large, black piliferous dots ; width 2.8
mm. Body enlarged slightly at joint 12, feet normal, joint 13 divided by
a'distinct suture. Colour blackish-green, consisting of black reticulations
on a greenish ground. A narrow, black-edged, white dorsal line, inter-
rupted by a series of black intersegmental shades, double on joint 12;
a reddish tinge subdorsally ; a narrow, black-edged, white subdorsal line ;
a broad, black, lateral shade ; a broad, dull red stigmatal band, bordered
with white. Venter paler, mottled with brown. Piliferous dots white,
the subventral ones black. Feet pale. Sete pale, about 1 mm. long,
Spiracles white, with a narrow black edge.

Seventh stage—As before, but the piliferous dots smaller, and the
green colour is nearly all replaced by a pale brown.

Cocoon.—A cell in the ground with compact hardened walls, without
any web.

Pupa.—Cylindrical, abdomen. slightly enlarged centrally, cases
moderately prominent ; a slight depression between thorax and abdomen,
Cremaster very short, consisting of two fused spines, separated at their
tips, and two cthers outside of, but in line with these. Colour light
brownish-yellow, unicolorous, but darker in the abdominal! sutures.
Length of pupa, 14 mm. ; width, 5.5 mm.

Food plant.—Wild gooseberry (Ribes).

Prof. Smith has kindly determined the moth from some imperfect,
undeveloped specimens.

We)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 6

TWO MORE OF WALKER’S ‘‘ BOMBYCIDS.”

Col. Chas. Swinhoe, of Oxford, has very kindly employed an
artist to draw figures of Heterocampa thyatiroides, W\k., and Cingilia
humeralis, W\lk., for me. The latter is a synonym of Caterva catenarta,
Cram., though I presume that the genus Cingilia (Trans. Ent. Soc.,
Lond. (3), i., 76, 1862,) antedates Caterva (new check list, 1882,), and
this geometrid must be called Ciugi/ia catenaria. It stands in the
Liparide in Kirby’s catalogue. ‘The other name antedates its synonyms,
and we have :—

DASYLOPHIA THYATIROIDES, Walker.

1862—Walker, Trans. Ent. Soc., Lond., (3), i., 79.

interna, Packard.

1864—Packard, Proc. Ent: Soc., Phil., il1., 363.

tripartita, Walker.

1865— Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxil., 419.

signata, Walker.

1865—Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus., xxxiil., 758.

THREE’ NEW WEST AFRICAN MOTHS.
BY GEORGE A. EHRMANN, PITTSBURGH, PA.

Syntomis hilda, 0. sp.

f .—Antenne, head and thorax black ; first and fifth segments of the
abdomen white, the rest metallic green ; primaries dark brown with three
ovate vitreous spots on the sub-apical area ; discal space has two large
triangular vitreous spots, the largest being near the inner margin.

Secondaries dark brown, with two small elongate vitreous spots near
the base and one small round spot of the same colour in the discoidal
area. Underside the brown is a little lighter than above, otherwise it is
the same.

9° .—Similar to the male, except that the antenne are tipped with
buff, and the fifth segment of the abdomen is not white, thus leaving the
whole abdomen metallic green except the first segment, which is white on
the upperside ; th2 vitreous spots in the wings are the same as in the
mate, but much larger.

Underside same as above, except that there is a large white spot on
each side of the thorax, and the first two segments of the abdomen are
creamy white ; legs in both sexes are dark shining brown. Exp. of ¢, 14
mm.; 2,16 mm.

One male and three females in my collection. This lovely species
was first taken by Mrs. Hilda Nasmyth at Cape Palmas, Liberia, West
Africa, and I esteem it an honour to name it after her.

70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Syntomis abdominalis, n. sp.

¢.—Antenne deeply pectinated ; head and thorax black. Colour
black, suffused with blue metallic scales. Primaries dark brownish,
opaque, with two large oval semi-transparent spots in the discoidal area,
the largest towards the inner angle.

Secondaries black without any ornamental markings whatever ; abdo-
men deep maroon, except the two last segments, which are black. Under-
side the same as above, except that the entire abdomen is light carmine,
and has a very narrow black lateral stripe on each side; legs light brown.
Exp., 6, 18 mm.

Mr. G. B. Nasmyth has obtained but one example of this beautiful
and unique species at Grand Ses, Liberia, W. Africa; the type is in my
collection.

Pachypas Nasmythit, n. sp.

¢ —Antennze fawn-brown, pectinations much darker; head and
thorax fawn-brown ; the latter with a darker brown stripe running its
entire length, similar to that of A. Aonrathii, Dewitz, and P. subfascia,
Walker. Abdomen, on the upperside the first four segments are of a
very light brown, the rest, including the underside, is of a lovely ferrugi-
nous colour. Primaries light brown, median limbal area dark or chestnut-
brown ; costal inner space slightly shaded with dark-brown, similar to the
two darkish marks which are so conspicuous in P. szbfascia, Wlk. ; there
is also a dark-brown band, almost black, running through the entire width
of the forewing, but not inclined so much as It is in swbfuscia.

Secondaries, basal area whitish and thinly clothed with scales, which
gives this space a semi-transparent appearance ; the outer marginal space
has a broad brown band, darker inwardly, but much lighter on the outer
margin ; anal margin the same colour as the basal area. Underside of
thorax dark brown ; the legs are of the same colour.

Underside of primaries, costal space as far as the limbal area, light
fawn ; limbal area dark brown, with some light shading in the apical
space ; basal part on the inner angle much paler than the rest of the
wing. Underside of secondaries same as above, except that the costal
area is shaded with ferruginous. Exp., 5% inches. Type in my collec-
tion. Habitat, Cape Palmas, W. Africa.

At first sight this noble creature bears a great resemblance to Pachy-
pas subfascia, Walker, but having before me Dr. Dewitz’s paper, which
was published in the Nova Acta. Band, XLII., and which has an excellent
figure of Mr. Walker’s subfascia on Pl. 2, F. 12, I cannot believe other-
wise than that I have a new and undescribed species to deal with ; and
I have named it in honour of its discoverer. Mr. Nasmyth took but two
examples of this grand moth, which, I am safe to say, is the giant of the
genus. One specimen is in my collection, the other in that of the Rev,
Dr. W. J. Holland, Pittsburgh, Pa.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71

NEW NORTH AMERICAN TRYPETID.
BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Trypeta (Acidia) tortile, n. sp.,2. Wholly yellow except a black
dot above each wing; ovipositor brown; bristles black; scutellum
bearing four bristles ; thorax and abdomen shining ; ovipositor flat, very
broad, nearly as long as the last two abdominal segments. Wings hya-
line, the anal cell, bases of marginal, sub-marginal, and of the first basal
cell, also the apex of the second basal cell, yellow ; a black spot on furca-
tion of the second and third veins, and one on lower half of vein at apex
of anal cell; a brown band commences on costa between apices of
auxiliary and of first vein, and extends to the discal cell, going over the
small cross-vein and continuing as a yellowish streak into the discal cell ;
a second brown band commences on the costa between apices of the first
and second veins, and crosses the wing, passing over the posterior cross-
vein, and near its terminus sending a spur into the third posterior cell ;
apex of wing from slightly before’apex of the second vein to beyond tip
of fourth vein, brown; first and third veins bristly. Length, 5 mm.
Washington (O. B. Johnson). A single specimen.

The colouring of the wings somewhat resembles Figure 9, Plate X., of
Loew’s ‘‘ Monographs,” Part III., but the fifth vein is not bordered with
brown ; the brown at the apex of the wing is separated at the costa from
the preceding cross-band ; the band crossing the discal cell is scarcely
perceptible, etc. ;

Trypeta (Rhagoletis) formosa, 0. sp., 6 2. Black, the head and its
appendages (except the ocellar tubercle and occiput), a line reaching
from humeri to each wing, scutellum except the sides at base, halteres
and legs, yellowish ; thorax and scutellum sub-opaque, the abdomen shin-
ing ; proboscis slender, geniculate, the apical half bent downward ; sides
of front and scutellum each bearing four bristles ; ovipositor compressed,
slightly exceeding the last four abdominal segments in length; wings
hyaline, marked with three cross-bands and two spots of brown, extreme
base of wing smoky ; the first cross-band begins at first vein and extends
over veins at bases of discal and third posterior cells, stopping near mid-
dle of axillary cell where it is much widened ; the second band begins on
costa between apices of auxiliary and first veins and extends over small
cross-vein, and through the discal and third posterior cells to the wing
margin, its greatest width occurring at the fifth vein ; a brown costal spot
between apices of first and second veins, extending across marginal and

72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

sub-marginal cells; the next band begins just before apex of second vein
and crosses the wing, passing over the posterior cross-vein, widest and
angled at the fourth vein, the band having the form of a bayonet; a
brown spot fills apex of first posterior cell (except sometimes a spot in
its extreme apex), and encroaches on the sub-marginal and second
posterior cell ; length, 3 to 4mm. Southern California. One male and
two females, t

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 16, Plate IX,, Loew’s Mono-
graph, but the first band is at apex of second basal cell, there is an
additional brown costal spot between the second and third bands, the
third band begins at apex of second vein, etc.

Trypeta (Aciura) aplopappi, n. sp. 39. Black, the pleura
largely brown, the head and its appendages, the legs except
the coxe, yellow, a brown vitta on outer side of front femora;
knob of halteres bright red; bristles black, the short pile light
yellow; front bearing four bristles each side, the scutellum bear-
ing only two; abdomen shining, not bristly; ovipositor flattened
only at apex, as long as !ast two abdominal segments ; wings of nearly an
equal width, dark-brown, the following spots whitish hyaline: two in cos-
tal cell, two in marginal cell beyond apex of first vein, the second spot
extending half-way across the submarginal cell; one in first basal cell
opposite apex of first vein, one in upper outer angle of discal cell, a
basal spot and oblique streak crossing second posterior cell, five in third
posterior cell, three of which are on the wing margin; from two to four
in axillary angle; first vein bristly, the others bare; length, 4 mm.
Southern California. Three males and two females, which issued in
April and May from irregular galls, about 8 mm. long by 4 in diameter,
on the smaller branches of Aplopappus pintfolius.

The wings are very similar to Figure 8, Plate X., of Loew’s Monograph,
but there is no hyaline spot in the first posterior cell, only one in the first
basal, axillary angle not wholly hyaline, etc.

Trypeta (Carphotricha) cultaris,a. sp., 6 ¢. Agrees in all respects
with Loew’s description and figure of cu/ta (Monographs, etc., IIL,
pages 276 to 279) with these exceptions : Ovipositor not longer than the
last three abdominal segments ; wings having only one brown ray between
apices of second and third veins; no darker spot in second posterior
cell; length, 6 to 7 mm. Southern California. One male and two
females, in January.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 73

These differences are constant in the numerous specimens examined —
but not now before me. So far as I am aware, the typical cw/ta does not
occur on the Pacific coast.

Trypeta (Neaspilota) signifera, n. sp., d Q. Yellow, dorsum of
thorax and metanotum except the sides, opaque grayish-black, the abdo-
men sometimes brown; front bearing five bristles each side, the scutellum
bearing four ; ovipositor flattened, as long as the last three abdominal
segments ; wings hyaline, basal half or less of space between apices of
auxiliary and first vein brown ; first vein bristly, the others bare ; length,
3mm. Southern California. Six males and one female.

The wings are like Figure ro, Plate XI., of Loew’s Monograph, except
that the apex of the stigma is broadly hyaline.

Trypeta (Lephritis) baccharis,n. sp., 6 2. Yellowish-brown, bas
of each abdominal segment and spot each side of middle of metanotum,
dark grayish-brown ; front bearing four bristles each side, scutellum also
bearing four bristles ; wings narrow, of nearly an equal width, opaque
white mottled with brown, which is broken up into spots, except a border
on the apex beginning between apices of first and second veins and ex-
tending nearly to axillary angle, where the brown is very faint; along
the wing margin this border contains a white spot in each angle of the
sub-marginal cell, entire apex of the first posterior cell, three spots in
apex of second posterior cell, and seven between this cell and the
axillary angle; the brown spots form an indistinct broad band, reaching
from the stigma to the wing margin at lower end of the posterior cross-
vein ; first vein bristly, the others bare ; length, 5 mm. Southern Cali-
fornia. Nine males and seven females, which issued from January to
April from irregular oval galls about 12 mm. long by 4 in diameter, on
tender twigs of Baccharts viminea.

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 's, Plate XI., of Loew’s Mono-
graph, but are much paler, the darker portions forming two cross-bands,
one near the middle, the other at the apex of the wing.

Trypeta (Euaresta) Californica, n. sp., 2. Black, the head and its
appendages, corners of thorax, margin of scutellum, large spots on pleura,
and the legs, yellowish, halteres pink, pleura near the wings, and bases of
the latter, tinged with pink ; thorax and scutellum opaque gray pollinose,
abdomen glabrous, shining ; front bearing four bristles each side, the
scutellum bearing only two ; ovipositor longer than the last three abdom-
inal segments, over three times as broad at base as at the apex ; wings

74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

brown, the following spots hyaline: four in costal cell (none between
apices of auxiliary and first veins); three in marginal cell, situated between
apices of first and second veins, three in sub-marginal cell of which one
is contiguous to the middle spot in marginal cell and two are between
apices of second and third veins ; three in first posterior celi, the one in
the apex reaching the wing margin, three in second posterior cell, all of
them contiguous with the wing margin, four in third posterior ‘cell, of
which three are along the wing margin ; three in axillary cell, two in the
second basal, two in first basal, of which one is sub-basal and the other
near its apex, also one in discal cell near its apex; first vein bristly, the
others bare ; length, nearly 4 mm. Southern California. A single female,
in May.

The wings closely resemble Figure 23, Plate X., of Loew’s Monograph,
but there is only one hyaline spot in the discal cell, four in the third
posterior, etc.

Trypeta (Euaresta) araneosa, n. sp.,?. Grayish-black, the head and
its appendages (except a portion of the occiput), halteres and legs except
sometimes a portion of the femora, yellowish ; bristles black, the short
pile yellowish ; front bearing four bristles each side, scutellum bearing
four bristles ; wings brown, the following spots hyaline: three in costal
cell nearly filling that cell (none between apices of auxiliary and first
veins), four in marginal cell, of which two are near the base and two be-
tween apices of first and second veins ; five in sub-marginal cell, of which
one is at the base, two near the middle and two between apices of second
and third veins ; five in first posterior cell, the one in the apex reaching the
wing margin; three in the second posterior cell, each of which crosses that
cell ; four in third posterior cell, from four to seven in the discal cell, one
of which touches the vein at the base of that cell ; and three in first basal
cell; second basal, anal and ‘axillary cells largely hyaline ; first vein
bristly, the others bare ; ovipositor scarcely longer than the last abdom-
inal segment; length, 4 mm. Southern California. Four females, in
January and February.

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 21, Plate X., of Loew’s Mono-
gragh, but the stigma is wholly brown and the base of the wing to apex
of auxiliary vein is almost wholly hyaline, excepting a brown streak cross-
ing the third posterior cell near its base.

Trypeta (Euaresta) stelligera, n. sp., 6. Black, the head and its
appendages (excepting the occiput) the halteres and legs, yellow ; thorax

THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLOGIS?, 15

and scutellum gray pollinose, the abdomen glabrous, shining ; front each
side and the scutellum bearing four bristles; wings brown, the following
spots hyaline: four in costal cell (a yellow dot on costa just beyond apex
of auxiliary vein), two in marginal cell situated between apices of first and
second veins, three in sub-marginal cell, of which two are between apices
of second and third veins and the third is contiguous to the first spot in
marginal cell; three in first posterior cell, the one at apex reaching the
wing margin ; four each in second and third posterior cells, three in each
cell reaching the wing margin ; three in first basal cell, of which two are
near its base and the other near its apex ; and one in discal cell near its
apex ; second basal, anal and base of axillary cells largely hyaline ; first
vein bristly, the others bare; length, 4 mm. Southern California. A
single male specimen.

The wings resemble Figure 23, Plate X., of Loew’s Monograph, but
there is no hyaline spot just before apex of second vein, only one in the
discal cell, etc.

Trypeta (ELuraesta) tapetis,n. sp., 6 2. Yellowish, the dorsum of |
thorax, lower part of pleura, metanotuin and ovipositor, black, the abdo-
men sometimes marked with blackish ; scutellum bearing four bristles ;
wings brown, the following spots hyaline: two in costal cell, one between
apices of auxiliary and first veins ; four or five in marginal cell, of which
two or three are between apices of first and second veins ; four in sub-
marginal cell, of which two are between apices of second and third veins,
that at tip of second vein encroaching on the marginal cell; four in first
posterior cell, of which one is near the base and three near its apex, one
of the latter spots sometimes being divided into two spots ; three in
second posterior cell, each reaching the wing margin, but two of these
spots are sometimes merged into one; four in third posterior cell, three
of which reach the wing margin; three in first basal cell, and two in discal
cell, of which one is near its base and the other near its apex ; second
basal, anal and base of axillary cell largely hyaline ; first vein bristly, the
others bare; length, 4 mm. New Mexico (E. L. Keen). Four males
and two females.

The wings somewhat resemble Figure 28, Plate X., of Loew’s Mono-
graph, but the hyaline spots are larger and more numerous, some of them
merging into each other so as to form a cross-band, beginning just before
apex of auxiliary vein, and reaching the wing margin just beyond apex of
sixth vein.

76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE ODONATA OF ITHACA, N. Y.
BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y.

Most of the species recorded below were collected by the writer in the
vicinity of Ithaca, N. Y., during the years 1888 and 1889. I have
seen the collections of others, and have found in them some forms that
I had not collected. I have also examined the collection of Cornell
University, and found several species not previously seen from the locality.
This list is not complete,as undoubtedly more species will be found in the
Cordulide and Gomphide. I have added a few notes on certain species
and genera, which I thought opportune :—

CALOPTERYGID&.

Calopteryx maculata, Beaur. Common about streams during spring
and summer.

ffeterina americana, Fabr. A specimen was taken during the past
summer by a Mr. Salant.

AGRIONIDE.

Lestes hamata, Selys. Uncommon, August.

Lestes rectangularis, Say. Common during July and August.

Lestes disjuncta, Selys. Uncommon, August.

Lestes forcipata, Ramb. Not common, June.

Argia violacea, Hagen. Common, July.

Argia putrida, Hagen. Common, summer.

Ischnura verticalis, Say. Common, July, August.

Amphiagrion saucitum, Burm. One specimen.

Nehalennia trene, Hagen. Uncommon, July.

Erythromma condita, Hagen. One specimen.

Enallagma exsulans, Hagen. Quite common, July, August.

Enallagma Hageni, Walsh. A specimen in the Corneli Univ. collec-
tion is probably this species.

Enallagma ebria, Hagen. This has the superior appendages of ¢
deeply bifid, more so than in Z.czvz/e,the upper branch no longer but a little
larger than the lower. A black spot above on segment two, and the black
of segment three confined to the tip. Two specimens.

Enallagma annexa, Hagen. The ¢ has the apical black spot on
segment two, and the apical halves of three, four and five are black ;
eight and nine are blue. The superior appendages rounded, blunt at
apex, inferior pointed, as long as the superior. Two specimens, August.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

s -~I
~I

These, together with those recorded and described by Calvert in his
recent paper on the Odonata of Philadelphia, are all the species of this
genus found in the northeastern part of the United States, except Z.
traviata, Selys. This was described from Mass., I have collected a
specimen on Long Island, N. Y. It is hardly more than a variety of £.
aspersa. The superior appendages are like Z. aspersa, except the lower
branch is a little heavier ; the black on segment two has a projection to
the anterior margin of the segment, and the black on segment three also
reaches to the anterior margin in a point ; apical half of seven, all of
eight and nine and all of ten, except black spot above, blue. I have also
taken 4. divagans on Long Island.

GOMPHID.

Ophiogomphus rupinsulensis, Walsh. I took two specimens.

Dromogomphus spinosus, Selys. One specimen in Cornell Univ. col-
lection labelled “N.Y,”; itis probably from Ithaca. It has been collected
quite commonly at Baldwinsville, N. Y., by Mr. R. H. Pettit.

Gomphus fraternus, Say. Ihave but one specimen.

Gomphus villosipes, Selys. Not uncommon.

Gomphus exilis, Selys. Quite common in June and July.

Gomphus parvulus, Selys. One specimen.

Gomphus, sp. A specimen (? ) in Cornell Univ. collection, unknown
to me.

Hagenius brevistylus, Selys. A specimen in the Cornell Univ. col-
lection.

AESCHNIDA.
Anax junius, Drury. Common during summer.
Neureschna vinosa, Say. I have one specimen, 29 July.
ischna heros, Fabr. In Cornell Univ. collection, June.
Aschna constricta, Say. Common during July and August.
“Eschna clepsydra, Say. Uncommon, August.

CoRDULID&.
Macromia transversa, Say. Uncommon, June, July.

Epitheca elongata, Scudd. One specimen in Cornell Univ. collection,
June.
Cordulia princeps, Hagen. In Cornell Univ. collection, June.

Cordulia cynosura, Say. Common in the spring.

78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Cordulia semiaguea, Burm. In Cornell Univ. collection labelled
“N.Y.” ; it is probably from Ithaca; Mr. Pettit has taken it at Baldwins-
ville, N. Y.

Cordulia,sp.? Ihave an abnormal female near C. cynosura, but the
hypertriagonal space of forewings crossed, the sectors barely united at
apex; all the triangles crossed, no internal triangle to hind wings, three
or four veinlets under the pterostigma, black spots at base of the wings,
abdomen shorter than hind wings, sides of thorax without any stripe.
This and Mannodiplax vacua may serve to illustrate how fickle are the
venational characters in this family ; it would be better, I think, to draw
generic characters from the head and thorax.

LIBELLULID&.

Tramea lacerata, Hagen. I saw two specimens of this species at
Freeville (a town ten miles from Ithaca), May 31, 1889; after much
trouble I captured one of them.

Celthemis elisa, Hagen. One specimen collected by Prof. Morgan.

Libellula quadrimaculata, Linn. A few specimens in the Cornell
Univ. collection.

Libellula pulchelia, Drury. Common during spring and summer.

Libellula basalis, Say. Uncommon, August.

Libellula trimaculata, De Geer. Common during spring and sum-
mer. This is usually placed in the genus Plathemis, which differs from
Libellula only in the male genital organs, which, I think, are hardly
worthy of generic rank.

Mesothemis longipennis, Burm. Common during spring and summer.
I have a specimen with the triangles four-sided.

Mesothemis simplicicollis, Say. I have seen a specimen collected by
Mr. O. Takahashi.

Diplax vicina, Hagen. Not uncommon, July, August.

Diplax rubicundula, Say. Common during spring and summer.

Diplax semicinta,Say. Uncommon, August.

Diplax intacta, Hagen. This is placed in the genus Leucorhinia,
Britt., separated from Diplax only by structure of the vertex of head; the
venational characters vary to the usual form of Diplax. Not uncommon
in the spring.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST, 79

NOTES ON NOCTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA.

BY A. R. GROTE, A.M., BREMEN, GERMANY.
THE SPECIES OF LITHOPHANE.

Prof. Smith says that he uses the name Xy/zza in preference to Lith-
ophane, because both are catalogue names and Xy/ina has priority, since
the Verzeichniss was not published until 1818 at least. My argument is,
that Ochsenheimer took the name XyZexa from Hiibner’s Tentamen’
(1808), cites Hiibner and includes his type “thoxy/ea, which is not a
Lithophane, but a Hadena. Consequently, Xy/ina or Xylena falls before
Hadena and should not be used for this genus. . I took Lithophane,
because it thus has priority for this genus, and because it includes socéa,
which I designated as the type in 1874, being free to do so. It seems to
me this course is clear. Ochsenheimer, as I have proved, admits the
Tentamen as valid authority, and adopts Hiibner’s names out of it in a
number of instances. The authority of the Tentamen is most certainly
established by Ochsenheimer’s action and its prior date proved. See my
Buffalo list, and my papers in CanapDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST on this subject.
From an esthetic point of view Zzthophane is a more descriptive and a
prettier name, although this is no argument and a mere opinion of my
own. The fact is, that Ochsenheimer’s Xy/:va is a mixed genus ; its true
type, since this author cites Hiibner, isa Hadena. Thus it cannot, under
the rules, be used for the present structural type.

I have little to add to what Prof. Smith says as to the synonymy of
the species. I did not identify szgvosa, if I recollect rightly, from the
collection, but while I was in Buffalo, from a study of the description in
the British Museum Lists. If I made a mistake, as would now appear,
it is an excusable one. But what I do not understand is Fernald’s testi-
mony, Bull. Geol. Surv., Vol. 5, 201, 1879. From this it appears that my
petulca was “near, if not identical with Walker’s ¢zfructuosa,” a species
now referred by Smith as a synonym of confusa, Hubner! An entirely
different looking insect! Prof. Fernald does not mention my ségvosa,
Walk., specifically, but says: ‘The only Xy/iza which I found in the
Walkerean collection, under a different name from what they are known
by us, was Xylina antennata, Walk. ‘This is X. cinerea, Riley.” I had
only noted, in 1867, this gray species, but when I came to separate our
gray forms, I-found three of them, and the question was, which one of
these Walker had. From my memory of the type and from Walker's
description, I felt sure it was cénerea, and, in this instance, Prof. Fernald

80 ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

is corroborated by Prof. Smith. I do not know whether Prof. Fernald
had ségzosa with him, but one thing is clear, that if he had this or petudca,
then he could not have failed to note the fact, if petw/ca was really identi-
cal with Walker’s original type of signosa. He had petulca, and he con-
sidered it near or identical with zzfructuosa, Walk.! Now, has there
been here any shifting of Walker’s ‘“‘types”? If Prof. Fernald had my
signosa with him in 1879, then its correspondence with Walker’s signosa
would be proved inferentially by his general statement quoted above.
If, again, he saw the type of szgzosa, he could not have failed to note its
correspondence with the petu/ca he certainly had with him! Why did
Prof. Fernald compare petulca with infructuosa, if Walker’s “ type” of
signosa was petulca? As a matter of fact, what Walker says agrees
better with szgzosa than with petudca ; I have no sufficient material now
before me to go into this point. Walker’s description convinced me that
he had what I call szgnosa before him when I determined and compared
our species with his text, but I am aware that much better descrip-
tions than Walker ever wrote are liable to be misinterpreted. Nor am I
primarily interested to rescue my name. I wish to show reasons for
assuming that the Walker collection is not now, in all its details, what it
was before Mr. Butler took charge and merged my collection with it in 1883.
And I insist that Walker’s text must not conflict with the present “types ”
when we are called upon to identify the two. Perhaps, in the present
case, Prof. Fernald has some additional informatien to that which he
gathered for me and kindly communicated in 1879. At any rate, Prof.
Fernald’s published remarks (l. c.) should be read in the light of Prof.
Smith’s present references.

Lithophane unimoda, Lintner.—This may be a distinct species, but
the single specimen I saw impressed me with the probability that it was
only a dark, suffused form of one of the species of the antennata series.

Lithophane gausapata, Grt.—I believe the specimen was sent me by
my friend Behrens. Why the type ‘‘should” be in Mr. Neumoegen’s
collection I do not know, except that I gave him all my material before
leaving home. I believe he has it and also the type of Mamestra fer-
realis, unless I gave it to some one else—Prof. Smith, perhaps.

Lithophane deposita, Morr.—The specimens in my collection, or, at
least, one of them, came from Mr. Morrison, and are thus authentically
named, if not “types,” This same is true of fagina and curvimacula
in my collection.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81

Lithophane oriunda, Grt.—If the “type” is not in British Museum,
Prof. Saunders may have it. This species was, I believe, authentically
determined by me for Mr. Geo. Norman, and his specimen may be in
the British Museum.

Lithophane Bethunei, G. & R.—It is of little importance now, since
the species is so well known, but I believe our type is in Philadelphia.
Mr. Robinson gave our collection to the Central Park Museum, and Mr.
Beutenmiiller can probably testify as to what “types” of Moctuid@ it
may contain. ‘* Types,” from which a figure was made, might lose their
labels, and may not have been reclaimed by us.

Lithophane capax, G. & R.—I wish to mention this species because I
took my own original material in 1867 with me to Vienna and showed it
to Julius Lederer, the well-known European authority on the (Vocturde,
and asked his opinion on the generic location of the insect, He said of
all the European genera the moth came nearest to Xy/iza. I have been of
the opinion for a very long time that its position here was only tentative.

Euharveya carbonaria, Harvey.—When Dr. Harvey described this
species, I very much doubted its reference to Lithophane. As I have
lost the pleasure of naming a genus after him, through Mr. Walker’s
Siavana, 1 propose the present term for carbonaria, which Prof. Smith
says affords a remarkable structural character. According to my view,
the moth approached my genus Ufews.

AGROTIS MURAENULA.

I am not prepared to admit, without further study, the validity of the
generic disintegration of the species of Agrotis. It does not seem to me
probable, for instance, that occu/ta, for which I retained Hurois, Hibn.,
should be congeneric with pe//ucida/is. But all such questions, together
with the proper names according to the rules which these new groups
must bear, may be left to the future monographist. They do not affect
the present case, which is this, that two species, properly referred by me
at the time to Agrotis, were described by Walker under the same specific
name vefusta. One of these turns out to be, as I had suggested in my
essay, muraenula, G. & R., and this latter name, I claim, under the
custom and as accepted in Staudinger’s Catalogue, should be retained for
the species it designates, since at the time it was free to be named and no
subsequent generic separation can overturn its real and conceded right at
the time it was proposed. Vetusta, Walk., as applied to muraenula,
must be relegated to the synonymy.

82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

AGROTIS OPIPARA.

When Mr. Morrison described his opzpara and scropudana from Mt.
Washington, I was working out the theory with regard to the influence
of the Glacial Epoch, or Epochs, upon the geographical distribution of
to-day of our lepidoptera. It was a matter of less interest that Mr.
Morrison should have redescribed known species, than that these species
from Mt. Washington should have a representation also far away in the
higher latitude of Labrador, or that Labrador forms should be demon-
strated to occur also on mountain peaks in New Hampshire. Mr.
Moeschler sent me specimens of his zs¢andica and carnea from Labrador,
and when Mr. Morrison also sent me his “types” of ofipara and
scropulana | compared them and found the two species from Mt. Wash-
ington the same as the two from Labrador. I exhibited all these
specimens at the meeting of the Entomological Club of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, and there is record of the
fact in the Can. ENTomo.ocist. I adopted then Mr. Moeschler’s names
for these insects, having no opportunity to go behind his determination
and suspecting no necessity. Matters rested in this way until I had the
opportunity, when I found, and was the first to find, that the real
islandica, Stdgr., from Iceland was probably different from 7s/andica,
Moeschl., from Labrador, as well as from opipara, Morr., from Mt.
Washington ; the two latter being, as I had originally claimed, the same
species. Accordingly in 1882, in my New Check List, p. 25, I called
our North American species ofipara, Morr., with zs/andica, Moeschler,
in error, as a synonym. I added this note :—‘‘ This species from Mount
Washington is identical with the Labradorian species determined by
Moeschler as ¢s/andica. But I have doubts, since seeing an Icelandic
specimen, as to whether Moeschler is right. In restoring ofipara for
this species I do not in the slightest way change my opinion as to the
identity of the Mount Washington and Labradorian species.” Nothing
can be clearer than my words and action. I was bound to accept
Moeschler’s authority in the first instance since I could not but believe
he knew Staudinger’s species and Mr. Morrison knew neither that
nor carnea. Ejght years later comes Prof. Smith and (although I never
had, at any time or anywhere, described any North American species as
islandica, and although, whenever I mentioned the name, it was perfectly
clear I was speaking of the species identified by Moeschler) cites after
opipara, “ islandica, Grote, in error.” Prof. Smith goes still further. He

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 83

suppresses my reference of the species described by Moeschler as is/andica
to opipara, in 1882, as cited above, and has the courage to write “the
error is Mr. Grote’s for condemning Mr. Morrison’s species on insufficient
grounds!” By also suppressing Moeschler’s original determination, I
am brought in for a synonym I never committed! In effect what I
really did was this: I identified the two species described by Moeschler
from Labrador and Morrison from Mt. Washington as the same, which
was a clear scientific gain. I am also the first to show that Moeschler’s
name for the species was the result of a wrong identification, and that our
North American species must be called ofipara, Morr., with ¢s/andica,
Moeschl., nec. Stdgr., as a synonym! In 1885, three years after my
rectification, Mr. Smith writes (Ent. Am., I., 14,) that “‘ Mr. Moeschler’s
claim that /s/andica is faund in Labrador is based on a variety which is
certainly the of/para of Mr. Morrison.” Here was the place to say that
I had made the correction and arrived at the conclusion in my note printed
in1882! I think I may say that I have been anxious that every real mis-
take I have made should be rectified for the sake of science and that I
have never shunned a just criticism. But, in view of facts like thé pre-
ceding, it will appear that an author may allow himself to publish a
criticism the reverse of just and without any apology for his conduct.

PACHNOBIA CARNEA.

It is a matter of comparatively little consequence now whether Mr.
Morrison redescribed carnea or the closely allied Wockei from Labrador.
If the supposed “type” in Tepper coll. is alone genuine, he will have
redescribed the latter; if the two (?) specimens he sent me at the time
are genuine “types,” he will, I think, have described carnea. In order
to make out the former the true case, Prof. Smith omits Mt. Washington
as locality for carvea in his Revision, and gives it only to Wockei. I do
not feel sure the two are really different and am quite certain Morrison
did not distinguish them. He sent meat the time to Buffalo a cigar box
half full of specimens, all “types” of his scropudana, for my opinion. I
wrote him they were very beautiful, but varied so much I could not
believe well they were all one species. I was instructed to return them
at once and did so without taking them out of their places, retaining only
one or perhaps two of the dingiest specimens, which were specially
marked for me, and which, on comparison, I identified with carnea.
Now, long afterwards, and without knowledge of the facts, Prof. Smith ap-
pears and writes as if he knew all about Morrison’s “ types,” pronounces a

84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

single one in coll. Tepper as genuine, while conceding elsewhere that Mr.
Morrison was very liberal in labelling specimens as “types.” To conclude,
in the Synonymic Catalogue the locality for carnea, Mount Washington, re-
appears! On whose authority if not on mine based on Morrison’s speci-
mens? What has happened between the Revision and the Catalogue ?
Has Prof. Smith seen my specimens sent by Morrison and found them
teally carnea? In the Synonymic Catalogue several of my Agrotis species
are reinstated, and perhaps finally my determination of these two Alpine
forms may gradually come to be acknowledged. Where an examination
of my collection has resulted in establishing my determinations so very
largely, it seems hardly worth while to pursue the subject further. There
remain but afew cases of specific determination where I am still of a
different opinion from the author of the Synonymic Catalogue, and I
reserve my views on these until a proper time.

AGROTIS EXSERTISTIGMA.

This species was described by Mr. Morrison on material furnished by
me and credited to me, and I figured, in the Buffalo Bulletin, the speci-
mens returned as “types” of Lxsertistigma by Mr. Morrison. But
it appears that one of my specimens was not returned me, that this
specimen, also marked as “ type” of exsertzstigma, found its way into Mr.
Tepper’s possession, and that this specimen belongs to a species after-
wards described by me as observabilis. It may be truly said that Mr.
Morrison’s original description was totally inadequate, and that therefore
the species should remain as figured and determined by myself. There
is nothing to prove the Tepper specimen the genuine one, and mine not
genuine. My publication was the only sufficient one. Probably, almost
certainly, Mr. Morrison considered them all the same, in which case my
determination was decisive. If Mr. Morrison considered my specimens
credited to me and Mr. Tepper’s one species, I was free to determine one
as exsertistigma and re-describe the other (of the existence of which in
Mr. Tepper’s collection I was, however, ignorant). I think, with justice,
my original determination should prevail. But my original determinations
have been overturned by Prof. Smith; only this author has overlooked
the fact that his new name for my exsertistigma, viz., confusa, must fall
before Morrisonistigma, proposed by me in Buff. Bulletin.

THYATIRA ANTICOSTIENSIS.

I would draw attention to the fact that this form of Z: pudens, Guen.,

taken by Mr. Wm. Couper on Anticosti, is described by me, Can. Enr.,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85

XVIII, 215, 1886. My specimen is, I believe, now in the British
Museum, and, I think, unlabelled. It is apparently a hoary, boreal form
of pudens, but may also be restricted to Anticosti. I have not had
sufficient material to decide the question.

SPHIDA OBLIQUA, Walk.

Prof. Smith has shown that my identification of our S. oddiguata with
this species of Walker’s is correct, and the species must be known as
above. I separate Sphida from Arzama, or, as it must be now known,
Bellura, on account of the clypeal tubercle, exactly as Ochria, Hibn.,
(=Gortyna, Auct.,) is separable from Gortyna, Hubn., (= Xydrecia,
Auct.) As I use an acknowledged generic character, I do not see why it
should here fail of recognition. In some way, now incomprehensible to
me, I failed to see Walker’s species in 1867, when I was there with a
specimen to identify. The drawer may have been overlooked, or the
species not then in place—probably the latter, as Mr. Walker was then em-
ployed in arranging the material. I saw then the type only of Arzama
densa, and recognized it at once as allied to our species of Sphida. I did
not then know vu/nifica, which I described in 1872 in Philadelphia. I
left my type there and there it must yet be. The type of densa did not
recall to me vudnifica, which is more yellow; I have all along thought
these were two species; one ‘ reddish,” smaller perhaps, densa, and
another, vudnifica, differently coloured. Of this latter I regarded meZano-
pyga as a variety with blackish anal tuft. I did not see the type of
Bellura gortynoides, Walk., C. B. M., 32, 465 ; the description more re-
sembles vu/nifica than that of densa does. As I have not seen my type
of vudnifica to compare with my material or with me/anopyga, it should
be found and studied. I have now myself no, or little doubt, we have to
do with a single variable reddish on yellow species, and that Prof.
Smith’s synonomy will be found to be correct, p. 181, where the name is
mispelled gortynides. (Other cases of miswritten names are: ¢ranguila,
for tranguilla ; synochites, for synochitis; appasionata, for appassionata,
etc.) From this variable brighter coloured species, Be//ura diffusa, Grt.,
is totally distinct. It has been collected by Mr. Moffat, I believe, in
Canada. Where my type is now I cannot for the moment recollect. It
seems not to be in the British Museum. A type of Sphida obliguata is
or was in the Central Park Museum. The Arzamine, then, are a group
of noctuid genera with aquatic larve, having affinities with Monagria
and of a peculiar Bombycid appearance, owing to the tufted female abdo-

86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOUIST.

men, like Lasiocampa, Ocneria, Bombyx, etc., and soft brown colours.
They are exclusively American and seem to be the survival of an ancient
form of the family. The two genera may thus be catalogued :
BELLuRA, Walk.

GoRTYNOIDES, Walk.

densa, Walk.

vulnifica, Grt.

var. melanopyga, Grt.

Dirrusa, Grt. Spuipa, Grt.

Ostiqua, Walk.
Obliquata, G. & R.

A TERATOLOGICAL TRIO.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, OTTAWA.

For those interested in teratology I wish to record three instances of
malformations of the antenne of Coleoptera. The beetles presenting
these have been kindly given to me by Mr. W. Simpson, an energetic and
observant young collector of this city. The deformities exhibited are as
follows :—

Fig. 6—a. Right antenna of a male Dytiscus Harrisiz, in which the
third joint is enlarged and broadened toward the tip and gives off two
branches. The inner of
these contains eight f)
joints and is quite nor-
mal in appearance, but

the outer consists of wi
CL ey CS

only two articles, of
which the second is Fic. 6.

short and irregular at apex, and does not seem to have had any more
attached to it.

b. Right antenna of Adimonia cavicollis, in which the second joint
is somewhat enlarged and gives off two branches. The inner branch
consists of the full nine joints necessary to complete the organ, but these
joints are all slightly shortened and broadened, and the branch has a sub-
clavate appearance. The outer branch is imperfeet ; the first four joints
are still more shortened, and are succeeded by two irregular articles, the
first of which evidently represents at least two.

c. Right antenna of Desmocerus palliatus, in which the sixth joint is
represented by a small wedge-shaped piece. The seventh is short and
thickened, and is set at right angies to the fifth, thus making a sudden
bend in the antenna. This malformation is probably due to an injury
while the insect was in the pupa state, as indicated by fragments of skin
which remained when the beetle moulted.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87

ee

—$_—$— a

COCCINELLID OF DODGE CO., WISCONSIN.
BY WILL EDWIN SNYDER, BEAVER DAM, WIS.

Anisosticta strigata, Thunb. Very abundant, found under stones,
bark and other objects in nearly all pasture and meadow lands. I have
never taken it while feeding. A colony of over fifty was taken from
under one stone the past summer.

Megilla maculata, D.G. Abundant—to be found nearly everywhere.
Most abundant in the late fall in corn fields infested with the chinch bug.
One of our earliest beetles to appear in the spring. Also to be taken
during warm spells in midwinter, seven specimens having been taken
on the eighteenth of January of the present year.

Hippodamia glacialis, Fab. I have two of this species taken from
under bark of a stump in 1891. It is the only record I have of its
occurrence here.

Hippodamia 13-punctata, Linn. Our most abundant species of the
Coccinellide. Especially abundant in corn fields in company with JZ.
maculata, H. parenthesis and C. sanguinea. Varies much in colour and
markings. Doubtless very destructive to the chinch-bug, as it occurs most
frequently in fields infested by it.

Hippodamia parenthesis, Say. Common, especially so among the
loose bark and rotted wood on old oak stumps.

Coccinella g-notata, Hbst. Abundant, most so early in the spring,
when large quantities can be taken from under stones and other material
lying in pastures. Varies in colour and markings.

Coccinella sanguinea, Linn. Not so abundant as C. 9-notata. Found
in largest numbers in oat fields just before harvest.

Anatis 15-punctata, Oliv. Abundant, found feeding upon the leaves
of various shrubs. Noticeable here from the fact it is seldom found in the
interior of timber lands, preferring the vegetation along the borders,
especially on the north side. Larvae and pupz always to be found if an
adult can be.

Psyllobora 20-maculata, Say. 1 have three specimens in my cabinet,
all being found under stones in a pasture, two taken in 1892 and one in
1893.

Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls. The ‘twice stabbed lady bug” cannot
be called common here. During five years I have not taken more than
25 specimens. ©

88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.
Hyperaspys undulata, Say. Occasionally taken, though it can hardly

be classed as common.
Scymnus analis. I have three specimens in my cabinet which Dr.

Riley identified as anad/is.
In conclusion, I wish to thank Dr. Riley for his valued assistance in

naming the above species.

CORRESPONDENCE.
WINTER HABITS OF SOME COLORADO PROCTOTRYPIDA.

Sir,—In the review of Mr. Ashmead’s work on the Proctotrypidé in
the last number of this paper, a method for obtaining some of the species
in winter was mentioned. During a winter’s collecting, mostly beneath
stones, boards, etc., I have found the following species (determined by
Mr. Ashmead) occurring quite frequently :—Fantoclis montana, Ashm,
Pantoctis coloradensis, Ashmn., Tropidopria torquata, Prov., Tropidopria
simulans, Ashm., Tropidopria, sp., and Aclista, sp. In some localities
the species first mentioned occurs quite abundantly.

Cart F. Baker, Fort Collins, Colo.

CONCERNING CALOTARSA ORNATIPES, TOWNSEND,

Sir,—In the February number of the Can. Ent, Prof. Townsend de-
scribed and figured a peculiar fly under the above name. ‘The figure of
the hind tarsus at once reminded me of a fly I had collected some years
ago at Ithaca, N. Y., and on comparing find that it is a specimen of
Calotarsa ornatipes. | But I had not considered the fly as a Syrphid, as
its characters are opposed to almost everything of important value in the
Syrphide. Not only in the absence of a spurious vein and the open first
posterior cell, as mentioned by Prof. Townsend, but in the small basal
cells, the presence of several prominent macrochete on the thorax, and
the terminal avzsta to antenna. Some Syrphidz have a terminal sty/e,
but an avis¢a is different. Moreover, the origin of the anterior veins of
the wings is unlike that of the Syrphide. Besides there are spurs at the
tips of the intermediate tibie.

I am not a Dipterologist ; but my specimen is labelled ‘ Platypeza,”
which, I think, is correct. In this position the fly is not so anomalous
and remarkable as when placed in the Syrphide. NATHAN Banks.

Mailed March 13th,

The Canadian Hintomologist

VOL. XXVIL. LONDON, APRIL, 1894. No. 4.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA.—NO. VII.
BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.
1. IDIOCERUS AM@MUS, 7. Sf.

Allied to 7. swturadis, but smaller. Female of a uniform pale yellow
colour, pronotum and scutellum tin gedwith fulvous or ferruginous, the
former with a spot behind the inner angle of each eye and a median vitta,
pale. Mesonotum with a black band bordering the scutellum, at least
posteriorly ; extreme tip of scutellum yellow. Elytra hyaline very
slightly tinged with fulvous, becoming smoky toward the apex ; nervures
pale yellow. Wings hyaline, highly iridescent. Eyes rufous. Oviduct
ferruginous,

In this species the front is more strongly narrowed apically with the
sides nearly rectilinear beyond the antennz, not so distinctly arcuated as
in Z. suturalis; and the clypeus is less expanded at apex. The last
ventral segment is very feebly rounded behind, not distinctly advanced at
the middle as in swtura/is. In one example the pronotal markings are
obsolete and’the oviduct pale. Length, 5 mm.

Described from two female examples. One taken near Los Angeles
Cal., by Mr. D. W. Coquillett. . The other, a more deeply coloured speci-
men, was sent me by Mr. C. P. Gillette, as an inhabitant of the mountains of
northern Colorado. Mr. Coquillett’s specimen came labelled /docerus
amemus, Uhler., a M.S. name which is quite appropriate to this pretty
insect,

2. PEDIOPSIS SORDIDA, 7. Sp.

Closely allied to P. ¢rists, but smaller. Male: Greenish grey,
closely and coarsely punctured with blackish ; punctures on the face
irregularly disposed ; those of the pronotum deep, eiongated and oblique,
but rather less conspicuous than in zzsignis and ¢rzstzs ; median line dis-
tinct. Scutellum pale with the basal angles commonly fuscous.
Elytra deep smoky-brown; nervures strong, concolorous. Abdo-

90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

men, breast and legs piceous-brown ; the knees, outer edges of the
tibie, broad hind margins of the ventral segments and valve, and the
base of the-plates, whitish. In pale examples the legs are fulvous and
the venter and plates almost uniformly ashen-grey. Length, 4 mm.

Female: Larger. Grey tinged with fulvous-yellow. Elytra con-
colorous, subhyaline, with inconspicuous nervures, and with the head,
pronotum and scutellum irregularly mottled with brown ; the basal angles
of the latter. blackish ; punctures concolorous and less distinct than in
the male. Legs and all beneath brown, the outer surface of the femora
and the tibiz more or less invaded with fulvous ; the abdominal segments
and genital pieces broadly margined with whitish; or the lower surface
may be entirely pale yellow with no trace of the brown markings.
Length, 5 mm.

Colorado. Described from two male and five female examples
collected among the Rocky Mountains by Prof. C. P. Gillette. This
sombre species seems to be very unstable in its colouring, varying from a
uniform pale yellow beneath to deep brown banded and marked with
whitish. The females are well distinguished by a peculiar dusky mottled
appearance above and the evenly punctured head ; and the dusky basal
angles of the scutellum in both sexes.

3. AGALLIA CONSTRICTA, 7. SP.

Closely allied to A. ¢-punctata, Prov., but smalier and more slender.
Length, 3-334 mm.

This species can best be characterized by a comparison with
4-punctata. Female: Face a little more elongated than in that species ;
the front more gradually narrowed to the apex and not so broad at the
base of the clypeus ; clypeus more narrow and slender ; outer edge of
the cheek less deeply excavated under the eye, the edge between the eye
and outer angle shorter, and the angle less prominent. Pronotum pro-
portionately longer, with the latero-posterior margin distinctly longer and
the posterior angles more prominent. Elytra narrower, especially toward
the apex, the costa not so strongly arcuated, the apical areoles longer and
narrower. Last ventral segment more produced and narrower behind,
outer angles much depressed against the base of the pygofers, subtecti-
form, with a triangular flat basal area. In 4-punctata there is a small
oval depression on either side scarcely invading the basal half of the
segment and leaving a central ridge and usually the apical margin

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91

elevated. Pygofers shorter than in ¢-punctata and scarcely exceeded by
the oviduct which in its ally is distinctly longer. In the male the front is
as strongly constricted below the antenne as in the female, while in
4-punctata the constriction is very slight ; and the outer angles of the
cheeks in the male constricta are almost obsolete. Plates more slender
than in g-punctata, triangular at base, narrow and parallel beyond with
their rounded apex not attaining the tip of the pygofers.

Colour and markings substantially as in 4¢-punctata: Yellowish
festaceous, marked and clouded with fuscous. Sutures of the face, apical
disc of the clypeus, an oval mark on the front, a longitudinal line from
the basal angle of the front.continued over the vertex and to the apex of
the scutellum, four spots on the pronotum—two near the apex, and two at
the humeral angles—a dot on the vertex against the eye and another on
each ocellus, fuscous-brown. ‘Two round spots on the vertex, two more
on the disc of the pronotum posteriorly, and the antennal pits, black.
Pectoral pieces and legs more or less clouded with brown. Elytra
fuscous with pale nervures. Abdomen more or less fuscous or even
black in some males, the genital pieces pale.

The colours are paler in the females. Sometimes the fuscous markings
are almost obsolete above, but the four black spots on the vertex and pro-
notum seem to be constant.

New Jersey, Mississippi, Florida. Described from numerous examples
received from Mr. Howard Evarts Weed, Prof. J. B. Smith, and others,
This appears to be a common species in the Southern States, where it
replaces A. ¢-punctata.

4. AGALLIA UHLERI, 7. Sf.

Allied to sanguinolenta but more slender. Pale greyish-brown tinged
with yellow, especially beneath. Two round dots on the vertex, the basal
angles of the scutellum and two oblique marks on its apical field, some-
times continued forward as an interrupted median line, a cloud on the
pectoral pieces, the tergum, its margins excepted, and sometimes the base
of the vertex, black. Front brown, with pale lateral arcs, or pale with
brown arcs. Elytra subhyaline, with distinct brown nervures. Front a
little longer and narrower than in sanguinolenta. Last ventral segment
of the female deeply and widely cleft, the lateral lobes rounded. Genital
characters of the male about as in sanguinolenta. In deeply-coloured
specimens the pronotum shows four longitudinal vitte, the apex of the

92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

head has a brown cloud, the ocelli are rufous and some of the elytral
nervures are broadly interrupted with white. Length, about 3 mm.

Colorado, Arizona, California. Described from ten examples repre-
senting both sexes. ‘This plain little insect I have received from several
correspondents labelled Agad/ia venata, Uhl., and Agallia enervis, Uhl.,
and two highly-coloured examples from California came with the name
Agallia longula, Uhl. The Californian material was received from Mr.
Coquillett ; those from Arizona were from the Morrison Collection, and
the specimens from Colorado I owe to the kindness of Prof. C. P. Gillette.

Mr. Uhler’s M. S. name, vezata, would be appropriate fur this species,
but it is too near the European venosa. The other names, exervis and
Jonguda, are inapplicable to the more typical examples, so | have taken
the liberty of applying to it the name of the well-known scientist who first
recognized the species,

5. THAMNOTETTIX ATRIDORSUM, 7. SP.

Allied to Zh. inornata. Female: Pale yellow, washed with green
above, especially on the pronotum and elytra. Beneath tawny yellow, or
whitish on the venter; disc of the tergum, at least basally, the metaster-
num and basal segment of the venter commonly, tip of the rostrum, sides
of the oviduct and two spots, sometimes coalescing, on the middle of the
apical margin of the last ventral segment, black. Elytra subhyaline, a
little smoky at apex, in some examples quite strongly washed with
greenish ; nervures strong, greenish. Wings hyaline, iridescent. Vertex
produced and quite strongly angled before, length at the middle twice
that next the eye and nearly equal to that of the pronotum; median
impressed line distinct to beyond the middle. Front rather broad, show-
ing about six pale brown arcs above. Clypeus scarcely widened toward
the rounded apex, sides rectilinear. Cheeks obtusely angled and longi
tudinally wrinkled externally. Eyes and antennal sete pale brown.
Sides of the pronotum short, carinate. Last ventral segment long and
narrow, sides regularly arcuated from the truncated apex to the. base.
Length, 44% mm.

Colorado. Described from three female specimens received from
Prof. C. P. Gillette. This species is proportionately broader and shorter
than Zh. inornata, the pronotum is shorter and more concave behind and

~

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9:

©

the elytra are shorter and their nervures stronger than in that species.
Two larger individuals (6 mm. in length), apparently not distinct from
the above, are broader with a wider front and a shorter and more obtuse

vertex. They are both femaies.

6. ATHYSANUS SEXVITTATUS, 7. Sf.

Form of A. comma nearly. Greyish, tinged with yellow, especially on
the head. Vertex with the impressed median line brown; marked either
side on the disc with transverse oblong brown spots ; apex polished, pale
yellow with an elongated black mark on either side reaching over on to
the base of the ‘front; ocelli pale with a blackish dash on either side.
Pronotum with six longitudinal brown vitta and a few irregular marks.
before. Scutellum with two discal dots, two basal spots, and sometimes
a double cloud on the apical field, brown. Elytral areoles edged with
fuscous ; nervures thick, soiled white. Front brown, its broad base and
afew broken arcs pale; sutures of the lore brown. Tergum black at
base, the sides and about four apical segments pale, the latter with two
broad obscure longitudinal brown vitte terminating in a black spot either
side on the large polished yellowish genital segment, or these vitte may
become geminate by the intrusion of a longitudinal pale line ; sides of
these pale apical segments with a row of black dots. Venter and disc of
the valve dark brown ; connexivum, hind edge of the ultimate segment,
edge of the valve, plates and pygofers, soiled yellow or clouded with
dusky ; the pygofers with a large blackish cloud beneath toward their
apex. Anterior and intermediate femora twice banded, and the posterior
lineated with brown ; tibiae with brown dots. Vertex flat, edge subacute ;
length on the middle one-third greater than that next the eye. Front
segularly narrowed to the apex. Clypeus not widened apically. Prono-
tum short, hind edge nearly straight, anterior edge feebly rounded. Elytra
short ovate, reaching to the penultimate dorsal segment. Valve rather
large, obtuse at apex ; plates oblong, widened at base, their apex trun-
cated; pygofers large, blunt at apex, surpassing the plates. Length, 31% mm.

Colorado. Described from two males received from Prof. C. P.
Gillette. This species is most nearly allied to A. comma in most of its
characters, but it has the colours and markings, almost, of odso/etus and
extrusus. Only males are known to me.

Q4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF RIVULA PROPINQUALIS, GN.
BY E. PORTER FELT, B.S., FORT PLAIN, N. Y,

This rather common moth seems to have attracted little attention,
though the larvee are voracious feeders. The moths may be seen flying
over grass lands in the afternoon and early evening during June, July
and August. They are attracted to lights but very little, only a few being
taken in the trap-lanterns at* Ithaca, N. Y., in 1889.

The moths deposit their eggs singly, or in scattered clusters of five or
six. The eggs are a pale straw colour, and are firmly attached to blades
of grass. ‘This insect does not appear to be very prolific: out of seven or
eight females under observation, none laid over fifteen or twenty eggs and
most of them laid only eight or ten.

The eggs hatch in about five days. The larve escape from the egg
by eating nearly around the upper surface of the shell and pushing up the
lid thus formed. (Fig. 7.)

The remains of the shell are not molested:

When first hatched the larve are a pale yellowish
colour and with long fuzzy hairs on the back ; the
hairs are longer at the extremities and incline well
over the head. The young larve begin feeding
at once and soon they are a bright green colour.
When not feeding the larvae remain quietly upon
the surface of the leaf. In this position they har-
monize so well with their surroundings that it is
difficult to detect them, even when in plain sight.
Frequently the best way to find them is to look
for injuries to the grass. When very young the
Fic. 7.—Latera’ and top view larvae feed upon the upper surface of the leaf, eat-

of egg; the latter showing .

the micropyle and the lid ing only the soft. parenchyma of the leaf. When

that the larva forms as it s

makes its way out of theegg. about two weeks old they greedily devour the

Mica Meenas whole leaf. Besides eating considerable, the larvee
also waste much by cutting leaves off as they feed. The larve rarely
move except in search of food unless disturbed, when they usually drop
to the ground.

Larve coming from eggs laid in August moult three times before hiber-
nating. When cold weather approaches the larve crawl down near the

* The work upon which this paper is based was done at the Insectary of Cornell «
University.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95

base of a grass stalk and remain quiet till the warmth of spring arouses
them. After their long exposure and fast, their colours are perceptibly
duller and the body is much shrunken. ‘The larvze soon regain their normal
size and colouring. In the spring there are at least two moults. The
larvee pupate the laiter part of June. The pupa state lasts about five
days. The pupe are bright green, striped with white. They lie in loose
white cocoons, which are attached to blades of grass.

The moths that emerged the latter part of June laid eggs. The iarvee
from these eggs completed their growth about July 13, and July 20 a
second generation of moths emerged, the round of life being completed
in thirty days. It is probable that a third generation occurs in the month
of August. At least it is possible and in harmony with what is known,
because the moths are quite common in August, and there is no evidence
to show that the moths live more than two weeks.

£gg.—A pale straw colour ; form an oblate spheroid ; short diameter,
.36 mm.; long diameter, .42mm. There are numerous ridges ; micropyle
complex. (Fig. 7.)

Larva, first stage.—Head diameter, .2625 mm.; body diameter, .1875
mm.; length, .9375 mm. Head cream coloured; body a pale yellow.
There are several rows of minute tubercles on the body, and from each
tubercle a light-coloured hair grows. The hairs are longer at the extremi-
ties of the body, and give the larve a fuzzy appearance. ‘There are five
pairs of prolegs, occurring on the seventh to tenth and thirteenth segments
inclusive. ;

Larva, second stage.—Head diameter, .3875 mm. The body is more
hairy and the colour a deeper green.

*Larva, third stage-—Head diameter, .6875 mm. The body is a
bright green, and the hairs are relatively shorter than in the preceding.

Larva, fourth stage-—Head diameter, .849 mm. The larva has two
prominent dorso-lateral ridges, which are marked with white stripes.

Larva, fifth stage.—Head diameter, 1.2 mm. Markings the same as
in the preceding.

Larva, sixth stage —Head diameter, 1.8 mm. ‘The larva has two
narrow creamy-white subdorsal stripes in place of one broad one; hairs
dark coloured.

96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Pupa.—Length, 9 mm. Colour bright green with two white stripes on
the dorsum, extending from the head to the tip of the abdomen.

Cocoon.—Very thin, loose and white.

NOTES ON THE LIFE HISTORY OF ARGYRIA NIVALIS, DRURY
BY E. PORTER FELT, B. S., FORT PLAIN, N. Y.

This moth was rather common at Ithaca, New York, in 1892 and 7893.
The moths fly in the afternoon and early evening of the latter part of
June and most of July. They are attracted to lights to some extent, but
those taken are mostly males. The eggs are laid in clusters upon blades
of grass. They are firmly attached to the leaf, and the five or six ina
cluster over-lap more or less.

The eggs hatch in ten or twelve days. The young larve were placed
in a cage containing grass, clover and considerable moss. They soon
disappeared, and subsequent observation proved they had constructed
cylindrical nests in the moss. The nests were composed of bits of moss
and were smoothly lined with silk. Some of the nests were perpendi-
cular, others were horizontal. The larve devoured all the moss before
any perceptible amount of grass was eaten. After the grass was eaten
they began on the clover, and soon not a green thing was left in the cage.

When about a month old the larve are 2. cm. long, and their nests are
three to four centimetres long. At this time the nests are mostly above
the surface of the ground. There seem to be no indications of more
than one generation a year. They probably hibernate
in their nests as larve, and in the spring complete the
round of life much as do some species of Crambus.

i fgg.—Yellowish-white, flattened, oval, 1.2 mm. by
34.87 mm. Shell finely reticulated. (Fig. 8.)

Boo

& Larva, first stage.—Head diameter, .33-mm. ; body
ye diameter, .27 mm.; length, 1.65 mm. Head and thoracic
ch | shield jet black. Body a straw colour with a broad
47 transverse carmine stripe on the fifth and seventh seg-
ments. Spots of the same colour occur on the eleventh
and twelfth segments, and also just above each pair of
& legs. Five pairs of prolegs, occurring on the seventh

Ee as nla, to tenth and thirteenth segments inclusive..

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Q7

PREPARATORY STAGES OF CATOCALA RETECTA, GROTE,
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL.

Egg.—Diameter, .035 inch by .o2 inch high. Low conoidal, so much
flattened as to be somewhat lens shaped, ribbed longitudinally with 37
striae, 18 of which reach the micropyle, the strie marked transversely
with shallow cross striz. Colour, dull olive. Duration of this period,
221 days.

Young larva.—Length, .13 inch. Of the usual shape, that is
cylindrical with the head broader than the body, and the first two pairs of
prolegs short and not used in walking. Pale-yellow or brownish-yellow,
the anterior part of the body darker than the posterior, head and top of
joint 2 dark brown. Duration of this period, 5 days.

After first moult.—Length, .20 inch. Same shape as before. Head
and a small place on the top of joint 2 black. Body pale dull-green ;
three reddish purple stripes or lines on each side ; piliferous spots small,
a short gray hair from each one. Duration of this period, 6 days.

After second moult.—Length, .35 inch. Body striped with alternate
stripes of white and purplish-black, three white lines on each side outside
of the dorsal stripe, this stripe being made up of a narrow line each side
of a more or less clearly defined blackish centre. The white on the sides
in lines about a third as wide as the dark, all greenish tinged. Head
black, with no markings unless it be indistinct mottlings at the upper part ;
piliferous spots small, black ; venter sordid white with black spot in the
centre of each joint. Duration of this period, 8 days.

After third moult.—Length, .65 inch. Of the usual shape, a slight
fringe on each side. Colour dark ; three stripes on each side and one
dagsal, made up of two black lines enclosing a pale centre that is ‘com-
posed of a pale lilac-gray line with a central broken black line, the dorsal
line containing very little of the central black ; the stripes separated from
each other by a narrow light stripe that is slightly creamy, with a little
pale lilac mottlings in places, the light stripe lighter than the light lines in
the dark stripes ; a stigmatal stripe that is made up of the ground colour
of the venter mottled with black, though not heavily ; venter sordid white
with a black patch in the centre of each joint ; lateral fringe white, not
very heavy ; head black, with a few whitish lines that do not reach the
apex, some of them broken ; legs pale, mostly pale reddish, the anal and
last prolegs darkest. Duration of this period, 5 days.

98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

After fourth moult.—Length, .85 inch., Marked and striped as
before, but the lines broken into dots, and the light a pale green in the
pale stripes and a pale greenish-lilac in the darker stripes ; head with no
green ; joints 2 and 13 with very little green ; fringe more copious, about
15 to each joint on each side ; head about as before ; piliferous spots pale
orange, the posterior pair of dorsals to each joint more or less black,
these on the posterior part of the body wholly black, while on the anterior
part of the body only a part of each spot black ; the lateral spots similar.

Duration of this period, 6 days. ~

After fifth moult.—Length, 1.25 inches. Striped with dorsal, supra-
stigmatal and substigmatal pale, and subdorsal and stigmatal dark stripes,
the ground colour a pale whitish with a slight greenish tinge ; the dorsal
stripe is made up of two broken purplish-black lines that make a series of
ellipses, the whole stripe making from one to two ellipses on each joint,
and in these ellipses there is a broken line of purplish-gray outside the
general black line; the separation between the stripes is a broken purplish-
black line, that is much broken into dots in pale examples and less so in
dark ones.. The make up of the suprastigmatal stripe is two dark broken
lines alternating with three broken pale ones, this scarcely distinguishable
in the paler forms ; piliferous spots orange, a brown hair from each ; head
striped with black and sordid white; venter white, with black patch on
each joint. Duration of this period, 6 days.

After sixth moult.—Lenth, 1.90 inches. Ground colour pale green,
rather dull, with a slightly pinkish tinge over joints 5 to 8 and the anterior
half of 9 and a little over rr to 12. General colour rather a dark gray ;
stigmatal and subdorsal stripes and the central part of the dorsal mottled
with black, with broken black bordering lines, the black in dots and
elongated dots that easily group into rows ; central part of suprastigmatal
like the dorsal only not quite <o distinct black, each with a row outside
the central black of dull reddish that is between a reddish-brown and
purplish-red ; substigmatal stripe with a dark lower part and a paler
upper part containing its reddish line ; joints 2 to 4 and posterior part of
g and anterior part of 10 with all the mottlings black, so that these
parts are darker than the rest of the body, especially is this the case with
joints 9 and 10; posterior part of joint 12 slightly elevated ; piliferous
spots, dorsal and part of upper row of lateral red with whitish tips, the
others mostly whitish with a little red at base ; head with a black stripe

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99

from above the antenne and eyes one each side to the apex where it is a
little more purple, mottled slightly with whitish, the rest of head dull dark
lilac with whitish stripes that are as usual moniliform, with a dull
purplish-orange stripe across these on the apex ; venter white with a black
patch in each joint ; fringe rather copious, whitish with a faint lilac tint.
These characters will answer for the mature larva, with the addition that
at the time of pupating it was 2.50 inches long. Duration of this period,
21 days.

Chrysalis.—This is of the usual shape of the genus. Length, 1.10
inches ; diameter, .34 inch; length from head to end of wing and tongue
case, .70 inch, these extending to posterior part of joint 5; cremaster
slender, ending in two small hooks, with a few more small ones at the
base. Colour chestnut-brown, covered with a white powder. Duration of
this period, 28 days.

The eggs were obtained September 11, 1892, from a moth in confine-
ment, one of the darkest of the forms of Retecta. Two were carried
through to the imago state and produced moths that were not so dark as
the parent, though not quite so light as some of the lightest forms, about
half way between Refecta, as Mr. Hulst describes it in Buffalo Bulletin,
vol. 7, page 53, and his Zuctuosa. In Can. ENT., vol. 24, page 19, I
have referred to these two forms, stating that I regarded them as only one
species from my observations of them in the field. My raising inter-
grades from the dark form shows that they are identical. The fact is the
early fresh specimens are a combination of the light form and intergrades
with some dark forms, while later as they become worn the dark forms
predominate. I want to say again that A/ebz/is is not a variety of Retecta,
butea smaller species and an insect of different habits from Refecta,
although feeding on the same food-plant. I have taken hundreds of them
and have never seen one grading towards Aefecta. In fact it is one of
our most constant species.

The total period of the preparatory stages of Refecta were 306 days,
but this would of course vary with the deposition of eggs of different ex-
amples in the woods. The food-plant is hickory. The one described
through its changes emerged July 22, 1893. My field notes record the
capture of Fefecta in 1892 from August 5th to September 24th, which
will give a fair range of its appearance here.

+
100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON PIERIS AND ANTHOCHARIS.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.

After reading Mr. J. W. Tutt’s note on page 47 of Can. Enr., I have
looked over many of our species of Pieris and Anthocharis with the fol-
lowing result :—Our genus Pieris is probably entirely pure and congeneric
with the European, The majority of our species of Anthocharis are con-
generic with Euchloé cardamines, as figured by Mr. Tutt, but some species
are different and should be removed from the genus. I have not ex-
amined seven of the species given in Prof. Smith’s list, but those which
I have seen separate in synoptic form as follows :—Mr. Tutt’s nomencla-
ture of the veins differs from that in use here, as will be seen by a com-
parison of my figures (Figures 9 and 10) of Anthocharis sara with the
figures on page 47 of Can. Ent.

$1. Fore-wings with 11 veins.
Veins 6 to 8 on a stalk; vein 9 absent; veins ro and 11 arising from
discal cell.
Vein 8 very short—nearly absent.
Pieris monuste, P. beckerit,
P. sisymbri, P. occidentalis,
P. protodice, P. napi vars.

hulda, oleracea and venosa,
P. rapa, Nathalis tole.

Vein 8 moderately long.

ae a
~
SS ae

Fi4. 9.

Leophasia menapia, Tachyris ilaire.
Anthocharis lanceolata, A. cethura. |
Veins 6-10 on a stalk ; vein 9 absent; vein 11 from discal cell.
Anthocharis genutia.
§2 Fore-wings with 12 veins.
Veins 6-10 on a stalk ; vein 11 from cell.
Anthocharis ausonides, A. olympia.
A. coloradensis, A. hyantis, A. creusa [1].
Veins 6-9 on a stalk ; veins 10 and 11 from cell.

Anthocharis creusa [2], A. sara, A. julia, A. Morrisoni, A. stella.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101

NOTES ON PARNASSIUS CLODIUS.
BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, YO SEMITE, CALA.

After a journey of ten miles over snow and snowbanks from four to
eight feet deep, I arrived in the latter part of June, on my summer and
fall collecting ground on the Fuolumne Meadows, which lie on the edge
of the area wherein the high Sierra species of Lepidoptera are most
numerous. The Parnassius was one of the first I began to collect, as the
butterflies had just commenced to issue, and were flying in the grassy
and shaded timber-covered portions of a rocky side hill slope. After they
were out a day or so they began to settle down on flowers to feed, and
were then less difficult to catch. The first day I only caught three, and
kept on adding a few more to that number every day. Towards three

and four p. m. they camp for the night on low bushes and a low growing
sedge (Carex filifolia) and rise only when disturbed by ants or the collector
on his return towards camp. I have in this way taken a great many
females. On the 6th of July a 9 aftera hard chase up a rocky elevation
lit on the sand and walked upon a Phlox cespitosa and deposited an egg ;
she then flew to another and deposited an egg there also. I dug up both
plants and put them in a box, placing the insect in same box, but when I
got to camp she was missing. On July roth I secured an egg thata 9?
laid on Carex filifolia. The same 9 attempted to oviposit on so slender
a plant of Gayophytum diffusum that it bent backwards down on the
ground, which caused her to fly on others with the same result. Shortly
after I saw several 9’s do the same thing. One female being driven into
‘a bush by a ¢, as soon as he left, she flew ina direct line to a large
bouldér, and tacked an egg on its side. I marked the spot and secured
the egg, only to be crushed before I got home the next day, and the one
on the carex was also lost. Towards the latter part of July a ? took to
ovipositing on the Pinus Murrayana burrs lying on the ground, and then
on carex. Not being able to find the eggs on the burrs, I threw them
away. Not long after another ? did the same thing, and finally alighted
on a piece of rotten wood. After she flew away these burrs gave the same
results as the preceding ones, and on the rotten wood I could see nothing
but a small crevice ; but on breaking the crevice open I found the egg.
This unravelled the mystery why I could not find the eggs on the pine
burrs.

102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, JAMAICA, W. I.

On pp. 50-52 of the present volume of this journal, I described the
new genus and species Ca/otarsa ornatipes, which I then supposed to be
an anomalous syrphid. I am now convinced that it is a platypezid. At
the time of writing the paper, which was sent in in the fall of 1892, I
overlooked the ciliate alulae of the wings, the apical spur of middle tibie,
and the similarity of venation with the Platypezide.

I was led to place it in the Syrphidee from its extreme resemblance in
structure and coloration to that family, the only venational character in
which it was actually aberrant being the open apical cell. There is no
doubt now, however, of its true position. Credit is due to Mr. Coquillett
for suggesting to me zw Jitt. its affinities with the genus Platypeza, to
which he referred it, at the same time raising the question as to whether
it could be possible that the peculiar tarsal appendages were of extraneous
vegetable origin. Iam very certain that the appendages of the hind tarsi
are not of extraneous origin. They are exactly similar to each other
on both the right and left tarsi. As to the validity of the genus, it is,
barring the neuration, quite as unique as before supposed. It is much
larger than any known Platypezide, which range from 11% to 3 mm., or
at most 4 mm., and its colouring is quite different from what is usual in
that family. It does not agree in the structure of its hind legs with
Flatypeza, to which genus it most nearly approaches in venation. In
FPlatypeza the femora, tibiz, and tarsi are evenly widened and thickened
in the hind legs. In Cadotarsa the hind femora and tibiz are hardly at
all widened or thickened, while the tarsi are greatly widened, flattened and
winged. It is also removed from //atypeza s. str. in certain neurational
and antennal characters, for which see description, and in the prominent
hypopygium. It may be looked upon as a gradation between the two
closely related families, the Syrphide and the Platypezide, clearly located
in the latter but with a leaning in the direction of the Pelecocerini tribe of
the former.

NotTe.—Since writing the above, Prof. J. M. Aldrich has sent me
drawings of the tarsi and wing of a similar species of Ca/otarsa, which he
caught on a window at Brookings, So. Dakota. The specimen is a male,
and less than 5 mm. long. From the drawings I believe it to be a distinct
species. The venation is quite the same, except that the posterior branch
of fourth vein does not quite reach the wing margin, which I am inclined

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103

to consider a good specific character, following Schiner as Prof. Aldrich
suggests. The tarsi differ in four main points: The third tarsal joint is
not so widened ; the expanded base of the appendage of first joint is
wider and shorter, not so narrowed ; the two black disks of appendage of
third joint are not circular, especially the terminal one which is pointed-
oval, and the membraneous expansion of the same appendage occupies a
reversed position on the main stalk, being on the anterior side of it,
instead of on the posterior as in ornatipes. It is to be hoped that Prof.
Aldrich will publish the drawings of his species, together with a descrip-
tion of it.

NOTES ON NOCTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA.
BY A. R. GROTE, BREMEN, GERMANY.
AGROTIS ALBALIS.

My types of aZbadis, now in collection Brit. Mus., belong to a western
species showing a charactertistic white downy surface of the primaries,
obscuring the ornamentation. My single type of cloanthoides in coll.
Graef. belongs to a smooth-winged form with distinct, sordid or brownish-
black Cloantha-like markings. It does not appear that a/badis has an
European representative, while cloanthoides is not unlike Agrotis signifera,
of which latter it may be the American representative. In his revision Prof.
Smith unites a/bal/is and cloanthoides, apparently on the evidence of a
worn example labelled a/éa/is in the Bailey collection, and which he
claims to be really cloanthoides. Thus it seems that the a/balis of the
revision is virtually cloanthoides, and Mr. Smith does not know in that
work tht true a/ba/is. Ihave a recollection of the rubbed specimen in
the Bailey collection which is labelled a/éa/is; but whether it is one of
the original lot or whether I named it during a visit to Albany, I cannot
now say. Probably the former, and that I did not recognize it as distinct.
When I described a/baZis, I did not know yet cloanthoides, and so it might
be that a worn specimen of cloanthoides, with the markings lost, might
have been wrongly labelled by me, escaping special notice among several
albalis. But now in the synonymic catalogue Mr. Smith has seen my
types and the real a/dadis, and considers cloanthotdes as at least a good
variety. In my opinion there is little doubt that the two are specifically
distinct. Apparently Prof. Smith does not recognize colour as a character
of a true variety, and when a form intergrades with the type he refuses

104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the varietal name. So he will not recognize red specia/is as entitled to a
varietal name in contradistinction with olive-coloured W7/sonzi, and yet a
more glaring contrast in appearance can hardly be found. It is generally
characteristic of varieties that they intergrade, and of species that they do
not. Non-intergrading varieties would seem to be on the road to species.

AGROTIS SEMICLARATA,.

I believe, eventually, that this form will be found to represent a dis-
tinct species from my A. vancouverensis. The hind wings beneath are
distinctly half-pale Mr. Smith says: ‘The figure in the Illustrated
Essay is very characteristic and recognizable, and renders determination
easy. Butler says it is the 9 of vancouverensis, but I have seen both
sexes of the form.” Well, if Mr. Smith has seen both sexes of semz-
clarata, how can it be treated asa mere synonym of A. vancouverensis,
Grt.? One would think that it must be a variety at least. I expect, in-
deed, that time will show that vancouverensis (=agilis ?), semiclarata,
clodiana, all three thrown together as one in the Revision, will prove to
be, as I stated originally, three distinct species. In several cases its
author has been obliged to change his decisions. This happens not un-
frequently in this world when one has little consideration.

AGROTIS DOCILIS.

I had only a single 2 type of this species expanding 48 mil., from
Professor Snow, Colorado. This is referred as a variety to perexcellens,
Grt., in the Revision, p. 144. Prof. Smith says: ‘“ Docilis is based on
a large specimen in which lilac predominates. ‘The fine series before me
proves its identity with the normal form of perexce//ens in which the pale
colours are gray and yellowish.” Ihave not the slightest hesitation in
accepting this reference as correct. I say in my description: “ Large
sized, resembling perexce//ens (etc.) in the markings. Lilac gray over
blackish fuscous,” etc., Buil. Geol. Surv. VI., 259. I never had but the
one specimen, and if a specimen of another species of Agrotzs bears the —
label “ docidis” it is the result of accident, at the moment unexplainable
by me. At the time, and just because I only had the one specimen, I
had my doubts about its distinctness, but the colour was so different that
I concluded I had to do with another species. Docz/?s should thus be
referred as a colour variety of Perexcedlens.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105

NORTH AMERICAN THYSANURA—V.
BY ALEX. D, MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N.Y;

In a previous paper there were given analytical tables to the genera of
the families Aphorouridze and Poduridz ; in the present paper will be
found a table to the families and a table to the genera of the Entomo-
bryide. The Smynthuride and Papiride are each represented by a
single genus.

The families recognized can be separated by means of the ‘SilowiRe
table :— ‘

Wo arenla® wanting) oases 3 Ge vn tliat eines»), 0s - | OP RIO:

AA. Furcula present.

B. Furcula attached to the ventral side of the antepenultimate ab-

dominal segment......... eye . Poduride.

BB. Furcula attached to oe ee! ie of ee t ersultinate abdominal
segment.

C. Abdomen elongate, cylindrical, much longer than broad..

..Lintomobs aie

CC. ae anaes sisudine: but little Toei Visi Gree
D. Terminal segment of the antenne long, ringed .....Smynthuride.
DD. Terminal segment of the antennz short, with a whorl of hairs..
shee gs ayldh aoe Papiriide.

EN'TOMOBRYID.T

Antenne with from four to six segments ; eyes present or wanting ;
postantennal organ wanting ; abdomen cyclindrical, much longer than
broad ; tarsi with two claws; furcula always present, attached to the
penultimate abdominal segment.

A. Body naked or clothed with hairs.

B. Antenne four-jointed.

*Furcula is the name used by Tullberg for the ventral spring, the basal segment is
the manubrium, the middle segment the dentes, and the apical segment the mucrones,

+Schott describes the following new species from California, and adds several European
species :-—Extomobrya nivalis, Linn, p. 16. £. multifasciata, Tullb.=D. decemfas-
ctata, Pack, p. 17. &. marginata, Tullb, p. 17. Stra purpurea, Schott, p. 17.
Drepanura californica, Schott, p. 19. Orchesella rufescens, Lub., p. 21. Jsotoma
viridis, Bour. var. aguatzlzs, Lub. =/. tricolor, Pack, p. 22. J. palustris, Muller, p. 22.
Also the following Poduridz and Aphorurida: :—Achorutes viaticus, Tullb., p. 23. A.
armatus, Nic. =marmoratus, Pack, p, 23. Xenylla maritima, Tullb., p.24. Ltpura
tnermis, Tullb,=Z. fimetaria, Pack, p. 24.

Schott Beitrage zur Kenntniss Kalifornischen Collembola, Bihang Kongl. Svens,
Vet. Akad. Hand. Bd. 17. Afd. IV, No. 8, pp. 1-24, 1891.

106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

C. With a single eye-patch on each side of the head.

D. Third and fourth abdominal segments subequal above.

E. Dentes not extending beyond the ventral tube... ./sotoma, Bourl.

EE. Dentes extending beyond the ventral tube . Corynothrix*, Tullb.

DD. Fourth abdominal segment three or four times longer than the
third.

E. Mucrones falcate, not with an anteupical tooth..Drepanurat, Schott.

EE. Mucrones not falcate, with an anteapical tooth.

F. Eyes arranged promiscuously, not in two straight longitudinal and

four transverse rowS....................utomobrya, Rond.
FF, Eyes arranged ae ie: in two straight longitudinal and
four transverse rows. Ae me pe .. Salina, MacG.
CC. With two eye-patches on keh ide of the néaet _ Sinella, Brooks.
BB. Amennesix-joltted, <0. 0 oy ie aes « Oreneselia, emnps

AA. Body clothed with flattened scales.

B. Antenne four-jointed.

C. Apical segments of antenne ringed.

D. Eyes present, twelve, six on each side of the head. Zomocerus, Nic.
DD. Eyes wanting. . i Sie tr ee MRC EE Te . Iritomurus, Frau.
CC. Apical segments ‘om antennz Sainaie: not nwa.

D. Eyes WAMU Bs SAR racyar oe aoe Laer eee he aoa OEE Lub.
DD. Eyes present, sixteen, eight on each side of the head.
E. Mesonotum simple, head exposed..................Seira, Lub.

EE. Mesonotum projecting over the head and in part concealing
1p OR cae MR Us oe ke CSUR lira Ie .. Lepidocyrtus, Bour.

BB. Antenne five-jointed.
C. Eye spot with a single ocellus ; apical segment of the antennz

PETER sz Doosan elhebe SeAR, SUGpMie cole (ae 0 BM care tee eee ee
CC. Eye spot with eight ocelli; apical segment of the antennz
SUM E clnhs eiic se’ wiatlecd calatimctintte = tbn'bs oyun pa OCU OME Pee. (VL ete a

*Tullberg erected this genus for the reception of a species from Nova Zembla, C.
borealis, Vullb. The characters separating it from /sofoma are certainly superficial.

+As the description of this genus may be inaccessible to many, it is appended :
_‘*Mesonotum non prominens. Segmentum abdominale quartum triplo vel quadruplo
longius quam tertium, Antenne: dimidia parte corporis breviores, quadriarticulate,
articulo secundo et tertio inter se fere aequalibus, quarto omnium longissimo. Oeelli
16; 8 in utroque latere capitis. Pili clavati praecipue in regione cervicis et in seg-
mentis apicalibus stipati. _Mucrones furculae parvi falciformes. Squamae? Type,
Drepanura californica, Schott.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107.

Salina*, gen. nov.—Eyes sixteen, arranged in two straight longitu-
dinal and four transverse rows ; antennze four jointed, twice as long as the
head, segments subequal ; tarsi with two claws ; third and fourth abdomi-
nal segments unequal ; body naked. Type, Sadina Banksii, sp. nov.

Salina Banksii, sp. nov.—Light olive ; a line between the antenne, the
eye spot, a line down each side of the body, blackish-purple ; underneath
olive ; antenne purplish, with a dark ring at the apex of the three basal
segments, segments much lighter at base, hairy ; legs long, slender, light
olive washed with purplish, densely covered with long bristles ; claws
short, blunt, without teeth, inner half the length of outer ; tenant hair
wanting ; furcula long, slender, white, bristly ; the mucrones small, divided,
the upper part bowed, the end truncated, and with two notches, the lower
rounded, ovate. Length, 1.25 mm.

Habitat: Florida, (Nathan Banks, collector).

Named after my friend, Mr. Nathan Banks, of Sea Cliff, Long Island,
New York.

Strongylonotust, gen. nov.—Ocelli sixteen, eight on each side of the
head ; antenne five-jointed ; tarsi with two claws ; mesonotum projecting
over the head; third and fourth abdominal segments unequal; body
covered with scales. Type, Strongylonotus Summersii, sp NOV.

Strongylonotus Summersit, sp. nov.—Head small, white, eye spot
black; antennz long, slender, densely covered with long hairs, attached
to the head at the apex of the eye spot, first and second segments sub-
equal, white, third segment subequal to the second, much narrowed
towards the apex, white, apex with a purplish ring, fourth segment sub-
equal to the third, the basal half expanded, ovate, light purplish, the
apical half dumb-bell shaped, with the sides distinctly hollowed out,
black, appearing as a distinct segment, apical segment two-thirds the
length of the fourth, black, basal two-thirds dumb-bell shaped, not so
distinctly so as the apex of the fourth, apical third enlarged at base,
pointed at apex, slightly incurved on the outside; side of the mesonotum,
the most of the second and all of the third abdominal segments, and a
broad band across the apex of the fourth, purplish ; legs long and slender,

*Derived from the name of a village.

t orpoyytAos, rotundus ; vwros, dorsum.

108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

densely hairy, similar to those of Sa/ina Banksti, white, except the apex
of the hind cox, and the hind femora, except at apex, purplish-black ;
claws slender, outer one-fourth longer than inner, with two teeth, inner
more slender than outer, without teeth ; tenant hair present ; abdominal
segments unequal, first indistinct, second and third subequal, fourth eight
or ten times longer than third; furcula white, long, stout, densely hairy
beneath, reaching beyond the ventral tube ; manubrium broad, with a
purplish stripe down each side, reaching about the middle of the fourth
abdominal segment, with several spines at apex ; dentes about as long
as the manubrium, smooth, lateral hairs twice the length of ventral,
serrate beneath ; mucrones one-half longer than broad, with a stout ter-
minal hook and a basal denticle. Length, 3.5 mm.

Habitat: El Pilur, Venezuela. (Summers, collector).

Named after Prof. H. E. Summers, of Champaign, Illinois.

SMYNTHURID&, *

The following table will probably be found useful in separating the
species of Smynthurus. All the species are included except guadrisig-
natus, Pack., which is not certainly known and not sufficiently character-
ized to be placed from the description :—

A. Abdomen not with a dorsai spine.

B. Furcula not with laterally developed bristles.

C. Abdomen not black with white spots.

D. Fourth segment of the antenne not ringed. ...... minutus, n. sp.

DD. Fourth segment of the antenne distinctly ringed.

E. Fourth segment with six sub-segments......... hortensis, Fitch

EE. Fourth segment with more than six sub-segments.

F. Fourth segment with eight sub-segments....... errugineus, Pack.

FF. Fourth segment with more than eight sub-segments.

G. Fourth segment with nine sub segments.

H. Size small; colour deep delicate roseate...........voseus, Pack.
HH. Size moderate; colour black with lighter markings e/egans, Fitch.
GG. Fourth segment with ten sub-segments........ ..@rvadis, Fitch.

CC. Abdomen entirely black with four small dorsal white spots.

(Ne Re RARE HN rc I beri OU ri NM IN RE ee
*Schott adds the following :—Smynthurus eisenti, Schott, p.7. S. Meteus, Lub.,
p. 11. S, méger, Lub., p. 12, S. plicatus, Schott, p. 13.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109

D. Head between the antennz wholly black. . guadrimacudatus, Ryder.
DD. Head between the antennz black with

fWor white spots i lal. ss... eesemmaculatas, Harvey,
BB. Furcula with a row of long bristles on both sides of the dentes,
PRCT ea WHE Whe ence, 4s e oenaeEs, MacG,
AA. Abdomen with a dorsal spine..............-floridana, MacG.

Smynthurus minutus, sp. nov.—Black and yellow; head yellow,
except behind and the eye spots, which are black, black extending around
on the side of the face below the eye spots; eye spot narrowly encircled
with yellow ; on each side below the eye spot, three clear spots arranged
in a transverse line; a black speck, ocellus-like, on the vertex between
the antenne ; antennze reaching beyond the apex of the thorax ; basal
segment black, globular, one-half the length of the second ; second seg-
ment subequal to the third, yellow, petiolate at base, naked ; third seg-
ment about one-half the length of the fourth, enlarged at middle, yellow,
with a few scattered hairs ; fourth segment yellow, blunt at tip, moderately
hairy, not ringed ; thorax black, except a small part of the sternum, which
is yellow ; legs short, stout, yellow ; claws short, outer claw about as long
as the tibia is broad, sinuate beneath, with a single tooth, inner claw two-
thirds the length of outer, broad, stout, with a single tooth above ; three.
tenant hairs present ; abdomen black, except a yellow spot on the under-
side of the anal tubercle, naked, except a few bristles on anal tubercle ;
furcula slender, slightly hairy beneath ; manubrium reaching the middle of
the anal tubercle ; dentes subequal in length to the manubrium ; muc-
rones one-third the length of dentes, simple, pointed, with a slight hook at
_ apex, with a high power appearing very finely serrate. Length, 1 mm.

Habitat : Ithaca, New York.

Collected by Mr. R. H. Pettit under pieces of wood in a plant jar in

the University Insectary.
PaPIRIID&.*

Papirius purpurescens, sp. nov.—Blackish purple ; head between the
antenne washed with yellowish, second segment of the antennze (remain-
der wanting) and the claws white or transparent; the remainder of the
body, including the entire furcula, blackish purple; basal article of the
antenne very short, one-third the length of the second ; legs long, slender,

*Schott adds a single species, Papirzus macilosus, Schott, p. 14.

110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

hairy ; claws short, stout, outer broadly rounded, with two teeth, one at
middle, the other at base, inner claw nearly as long as outer, more
slender, with two bristles at tip; tenant hairs present ; abdomen slightly
hairy, more abundant at apex, anal tubercle with a few scattered fringed
clavate hairs ; furcula long, slightly hairy above ; manubrium extending
half its length beyond the apex of the abdomen, stout ; dentes subequal
to the manubrium in length, narrowed beyond the base ; mucrones one-
fourth the length of the dentes, apex blunt, slightly serrated at middle
Length, 3 mm.

Habitat: Sea Cliff, Long Island, New York. (Banks, collector).

Readily recognized by the purple legs and furcula.

Papirius olympius, sp. nov.—Reddish, spotted with dark brown, in
young specimens purplish; eye spot black; vertex covered with stiff bristles;
a longitudinal brown band extending from the back of the head to the
eye spot, another in the middle of the vertex, extending down the middle
of the front ; antennz nearly as long as the body, purplish, hairy, basal
segment light at base, dark at apex, one-fourth the length of the second,
second one-half the length of the third, third segment slender, with seven
sub-segments at apex, fourth segment with six sub-segments ; abdomen
and thorax with two sinuate brown bands on each side of the dorsum, the
middle ones meeting at the apex and base of the thorax, and on the basal
half of the abdomen, also a band extending from this basal transverse
band of the abdomen along the middle of the back towards the head,
bilobed in front, a triangular spot just before the apex of the abdomen:
and promiscuous mottlings on the side, brown ; body covered with broad
flattened hairs ; legs long, slender, spiny, reddish ; claws long, outer three
times as long as the tibia is broad, with two teeth, inner two-thirds the
length of outer, with a hair at apex reaching beyond the apex of the outer
claw ; tenant hair wanting ; furcula slender, long ; manubrium short, two-
thirds the length of the dentes ; dentes with a row of long hair-like spines

along each side of each member ; mucrones about one-fourth the length
of the dentes, serrate beneath. Length, 2-3 mm.
Habitat ; Olympia, Washington. (Kincaid, collector).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LEE

BOOK NOTICES.

THE INTER-RELATION OF INSECTS AND FLoweRs.-—During the last
eight years there have appeared from the pen of Mr. Charles Robertson,
of Carlinville, Ill., several most interesting articles on the inter-relation of
insects and flowers. The titles are as follows :—

Botanical Gazette.
1886. Notes on the pollination of Asclepias.
1887. Insect relations of certain Asclepiads.
1887. Fertilization of Calopogon parviflorus.
1888. Effect of the wind on bees and flowers.
1888. Zygomorphy and its causes: I—III.
1889-93. Flowers and insects: I—XI.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.

1889. Synopsis of North American species of Oxybelus.
1891-93. Descriptions of new species of North American Bees.

Trans. St. Louis Acad. of Science.
1891, 1892. Flowers and insects: Asclepiadacee to Scrofulariaceze.—
Umbelliferee.—Labiate.

Mr. Robertson began in 1886 to study the visits of insects to flowers,
and by his persevering observations he has succeeded in collecting an
enormous number of facts which he has published mostly in the Botani-
cal Gazette, and in the Transactions of the St. Louis Academy of Science.
He has studied the subject especially from a botanical point of view, and
has given particular attention to the attractions offered to insects by the’
flowers of different species of plants, to the peculiarities of arrangement
of their different parts, to their coloration, and to the modifications which
many flowers seem to have undergone from their being constantly fre-
quented by certain species of insects. Such studies have nevertheless an
immediate bearing on entomology, as they give us at the same time an
insight into the purposes of insects in visiting flowers, into their habits of
feeding and collecting either nectar or pollen, or both at once, and into
the intelligence they display in order to attain their end ‘The close
attention thus necessarily given to insects has had besides the natural re-
sult of causing Mr. Robertson to discover that many of those insects
which he was observing in his locality, Carlinville, Ill., had not even been
described. Therefore, he found it “necessary at first to pay particular

112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

attention to collecting and determining the insects.” He was helped in
this work by specialists in Diptera and Coleoptera, and had himself to
work out and describe many species of Hymenoptera: to out of 14
species of Oxybe/us, 28 out of 30 of Andrena, and at least 30 other
species of Andrenide. The descriptions of these have appeared in the
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1889-1893.

The two great agencies of cross-fertilization of flowers are the wind
and insects ; hence Mr. Robertson has thus been led to notice some in-
teresting facts concerning the effect of wind on bees and flowers. (Bot.
Gaz., XIII, 1888, p. 33).

The first papers by Mr. Robertson are on the pollination of Asclepias,
the flowers of which are most interesting in their peculiar adaptation for
cross-fertilization by the agency of insects. Their structure and the great
difficulty the smailer insects have in effecting pollination, lead Mr.
Robertson to believe that ‘‘bumble-bees have had most influence in
modifying the flowers, and they are the most common visitors after the
hive bees. Hive bees, it is to be remembered, do not belong to our fauna.”

Our space is too limited to allow us to follow the writer into what he
has observed in all the different orders and species of flowering plants
studied ; but the names of all the insects observed visiting the flowers
are given, as well as tabular data of the respective number of visitors of ©
the different classes—Hymenoptera, Diptera, J.epidoptera, Coleoptera
and Hemiptera.

As an instance, it may be mentioned that on the flowers of Ceanothus
Americanus there were seen 48 species of Hymenoptera, 45 of Diptera, 2
of Lepidoptera, 13 of Coleoptera, and 4 of Hemiptera ; and considera-
tions are given, as in the case of all other blossoms treated of, on the
arrangement of the flowers, their form, colour and other peculiarities of
structure, some of them exceedingly minute, in which close and patient
observation often succeeds in discovering most wonderful purpose and
design for insuring cross-fertilization. These investigations are of great
interest, and we commend them to the attention of Entomologists and
Botanists as a fertile field of useful special study. Our idea in mention-
ing these excellent articles of Mr. Robertson’s is to draw to this subject
the attention it deserves from Entomologists, who from their p!ace of
publication might not be aware of their existence.

J. A. GUIGNARD AND J. FLETCHER,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 113

BUTTERFLIES FROM CHINA, JAPAN AND Corea. By John Henry Leech,
B, Asp BieLsS., 2c. In. parts, 4to,. 642 pp.,43, Plates; R. H. Porter,
London, Dec., 1892—Jan., 1894.

The fifth and last part of the letter-press of Mr. Leech’s work has just
been issued, and is accompanied by the statement that five plates of
Hesperiidz and a supplemental plate will shortly follow, completing the
work. Presumably, these plates will be accompanied by the letter-press
of the title page, preface, and index, with which the work will be ready
for the binder. As to the typography of the book, it must be said that it
leaves nothing to be desired. The paper is luxuriously heavy ; the type
is beautifully clear and large ; and the text conspicuously free from errors
of a minor character, such as occasionally appear even in the most care-
fully edited works. ‘The scholarship and taste of Mr, Leech and his
accomplished secretary, Mr. Richard Scuth, are reflected in the execution
of the literary portions of the work. The plates, which are from drawings
by William Purkiss, and are executed by chromo-lithography by William
Greve, of Berlin, are without doubt the finest examples of this form of
work which have as yet graced any similar publicatiou. While a prefer-
ence is by many accorded to figures lithographed and afterwards coloured
by hand, and the most exquisitely perfect illustrations have been pro-
duced in this way, and while the results of chromo-lithography as ordin-
arily employed in scientific illustration have generally been more or less
marred by striking crudities, these plates before us are most marvellous
illustrations of the capabilities of the chromo-lithographic process, when
employed by those who are masters of the art. The plates are almost
perfect facsimiles in form and colour of Mr. Purkiss’s exquisite drawings,
_and the student of Chinese and Japanese lepidoptera may well rejoice
upon having at his command such an infallible guide to specific identity
as is found in these beautiful illustrations. The only adverse criticism
which the mechanical and typographical execution of the work admits is
on the score of the bulk of the letter-press which will necessarily be
bound up in one volume. The heavy paper employed results in the pro-
duction of a book which as a manual of reference promises to be some-
what uncomfortably “ fat.”

The title of the book indicates the consciousness of the author that
in our present state of knowledge any effort to deal with the lepidop-
terous fauna of the great regions covered by this work must at best be
attended by imperfections. There are wide areas in China in which little

114 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST.

or no attempt has yet been made to make collections, and it must neces-
sarily be many years before it can be asserted that our knowledge of the
faunistic resources of Central Asia is complete. In his classification, Mr.
Leech follows the order now almost universally recognized by writers in
England and on the continent as most natural. He erects, so far as the
writer has been able to observe, no new genera, and while giving usa
large number of new species, appears to have pursued a conservative
course in this regard, which is to be commended. ‘To the student of
Asiatic lepidoptera, the work is simply indispensable, and will remain a
lasting monument of the energy and scientific accomplishments of its
learned and enthusiastic author. W. J. HoLuanp.

Science Gossip. New Series: Vol. I, No. 1, March, 1894. London:
Simpkin Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co.

After the lapse of a few months the old established and deservedly
popular magazine, ‘“‘ Hardwicke’s Science Gossip,” re-appears under the
above title, with a change of editor and publisher, but, we are glad to
find, with no serious change of plan or scope or style. The new editor,
Mr. John I. Carrington, was for thirteen years editor of the London £x-
tomologist, and also connected for a long time with the /ve/d newspaper
as a contributor to its Natural History Department ; he has associated
with him a long list of able assistants, and we may feel every confidence
that the new series of the magazine will be as useful and entertaining as
any of the preceding volumes. The first number now before us contains
many interesting papers, including two on entomological subjects : British
Dragon-flies and Roosting Butterflies, the latter with two pretty illustra-
trations. We can heartilycommend this publication, and trust that many
of our readers will subscribe to it and receive a monthly store of delight.

MYRIAPODES DES ENVIRONS DE GENEVE PAR ALOIS HUMBERT. Genéve
et Bale: Georg & Cie, 1893.

We have to thank M. Henri de Saussure, the editor and publisher of
this posthumous work, for this handsome addition to the library of our
Society. It is a quarto volume, well printed and illustrated with a
portrait of the late M. Humbert, and fourteen beautifully executed plates
of Myriapods and their structural details. To any one interested in the
study of these rather neglected creatures, this work must be perfectly in-

valuable.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115

Eicutu REpPoRT OF THE INjfURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE
or New YorK FOR THE YEAR 1891. By J. A. Lintner, Ph. D.,
State Entomologist, Albany, 1893.

Anything published by Dr. Lintner is sure to contain much valuable
information and to be highly interesting, whether the subjects treated of
are new to us or-not. The report before us fully supports this statement.
It treats of a large number of insects, injurious or otherwise, and gives in
most cases a life history of each, including the author’s own observations,
which are always accurate and clearly detailed. Attention may especially
be drawn to the accounts of the Raspberry Geometer/( Syxchlora glaucaria ),
the Birch-leaf Bucculatrix (B. Canadensisella), and the Pear-midge (Dép-
losis pyrivora). An appendix contains some very interesting popular
lectures on Economic Entomology, which are well worth perusal. The
only drawback to the report is the late date of its publication, which is
more than two years after the observations recorded in it were made.

REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST AND BoTanisT (James Fletcher, F. R.
S. C., F. L. S.), Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 1894.

Mr. Fletcher’s reports are always interesting and valuabie, and the
present record of the chief insect attacks of last year and his observations
upon them, is not less so than its predecessors. ‘The season of 1893, as
far as destructive insects were concerned, was only remarkable for the
sup2rabundance of locusts (grasshoppers) and the consequent damage in-
flicted upon oats and many other field and garden crops. Other attacks
were for the most part of the familiar kinds which we have always with
us ; thece are briefly mentioned in the report, while more attention is paid
to the serious injury caused to grain crops in Manitoba and the North-
west by cut-worms, the ravages of locusts, granary insects at the Chicago
Exhibition, the Horn-fly, etc. Very interesting accounts are also given

of Silpha bituberosa, which attacks vegetables in the Northwest Terri-
‘tories, and Polyphylla decemlineata, which was very injurious to shrubs of
various kinds in a nursery at Victoria, B. C.

In the botanical section of the report there are two papers especially
noteworthy, those, namely, on grass for the protection of shores and
harbours, and on the ‘“‘ Tumble-weeds” of the Northwest. The pamphlet
is illustrated by a handsome full page picture of Mr. Fletcher’s grass plots
at the Experimental Farm, which are full of interest to every visitor, and
thirty wood-cuts. It is gratifying to observe how steadily the author’s
reputation is growing, and how highly his work has come to be appre-
‘ciated from one end of the Dominion to the other.

116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

CORRESPONDENCE.

GENERA OF THYSANURA.

Sir,—The recent changes in the generic names of Thysanura (Vol.
XXV., Pp. 313 et seq., vol. xxvi., p. 54) suggest a few comments.

Lipura and Anoura are changed because preoccupied in Mamma-
logy. Ido not find these names in Flower and Lydekker’s recent work,
and it may be that they do not represent valid genera of Mammals. But
on p. 314, Mr. Macgillivray states that both Anurophorus and Adicranus
have for their type Podura fimetaria, which belongs to ZLigura, Burm.
Why, therefore, is the new name Afphorura proposed for Lipura, when
two names, neither apparently preoccupied, already exist ?

Anoura, it appears, had also been used for a genus of Echinoderms.
previous to the publication of the Thysanuran genus.

Triena had been used three times before the genus of Thysanura.
was named, so it will doubtless have to be changed, as Mr. Grote indi-
cates. But can the name Macgi//ivraya be used? I find in Scudder’s.
Nom. Zool. a genus JAlacgillivraya, Forbes, 1851, belonging to the
Mollusca.

What is the date of Zubbockia, Haller? Apparently 1880. But I
find in Scudder’s work a genus Lubbockia, Claus, of Crustacea, dating
from 1862. T. D. A. CocKERELL, New Mexico Agric. Exp. Station.

Errata.—Can. Ent., p. 32, line 4, for PRosopopHaRA read BProso-
popHorA. Can. Ent., p. 36, line 6, for ‘‘the ridiculous” read “be ridiculous.”
Can. Ent., p. 38, line 22, for Coleopterous read Coleophora.

CALOTARSA ORNATIPES.

Sir,— Professor Townsend has been misled by certain resemblances in:
referring his new genus Car/otarsa (Can. Entom., XXVI., p. 50), to the-
Syrphide, where it certainly would be an anomalous form. It belongs
among the Platypezidz, and is apparently synonymous with /latyfeza,
though it may be new. The family receives its name from the peculiar
structure of the tarsi, There have been three genera with terminal arista
described from North America belonging among the Syrphide—Ceria,.
Pelecocera, and Callicera. (See Snow, Kans. University Quarterly, Vol..
I., Part I., 1892). S. W. WILLISToN, Lawrence, Kansas, Febr. g, ’94.

Mailed March 31st.

Th ean Hay Fantom logtst.

VOL. XXVI ‘LONDON, MAY, 1894. No. 5.

BUTTERFLIES COMMON TO NORWAY AND ARCTIC
NORTH AMERICA*

BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO.

In his ‘‘ Fortegnelse over Norges Lepidoptera” (Christiania Viden-
skabs-Selskabs Forhandlinger for 1893, No. 13), Dr. W. H. Schoyen,
State Entomologist of Norway, has given us a list of 1267 species of
Lepidoptera that inhabit his country, tabulated to show the Provinces in
which they occur, and the exact latitude over which each species is known
to be distributed. The interest which this list posesses for the American
entomologist is in the number of species it contains that are common to
both countries. As studies of this nature are of much interest to the
student of geographical distribution, but unfortunately out of the reach
of many, I here give a list of such species as occur with us, their distri-
bution being given both in America, as far as I am able to do so, and in
Norway according to the information contained in Dr. Schoyen’s list.

It will aid us considerably in understanding the subject, to keep in
mind an idea of the topography of Norway, stretching as it does from
lat. 58° to 71°, and throughout this distance consisting of a narrow stretch
of country lying between a mountain range and the Arctic Ocean.
Northward from about 62° 30’ the provinces extend from the sea inland
to the mountains, but south of this a range of mountains extends through
near the centre with provinces lying both to the east and to the west.

Papilio machaon, Linn. This is the only species of the genus in-
cluded in the list, and occurs in all but six of the eighteen provinces of
Norway, ranging from the extreme south at lat. 58° to 70° 18’, the un-
occupied area, however, being the central and the very extreme northern
parts of the country. In North America, var. A/iaska, Scudder, is quite
common in Alaska, from whence it extends eastward to Hudson Bay at
about 51° 30’, though I find no proof of its holding this latitude to the

*Read before the Ohio Academy of Science, Dec. 28, 1893.

118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Pacific Coast. P. machaon has been reported as far south as the north-
western United States, probably about lat. 48° or 49°, by Dr. Hagen and
Prof. Henshaw.

Pieris rape, Linn. This is found in ten provinces, thus covering a
less area than the preceding, and ranging from 58° to 69° 30’, or from the
extreme southern to within one and one-half degrees of the northern
extremity. In America it extends from the Atlantic Coast to the Rocky
Mountains, and from about lat. 30° to 48° and possibly beyond.

Pieris napi, Linn., (cum v. nepe@, Esp., and bryonie, Ochs.) This
has a still wider range in Norway, occurring its entire length from 58°. to
71. and in all but one of the provinces, this being Stavanger,-at the
south-west and coastal. With us, dryonie is found from Alaska east-
ward to Newfoundland. In his recent work, ‘“‘ Brief Guide to the Com-
moner Butterflies of the Northern United States and Canada,” Mr. S. H.
Scudder has considered this species under the specific name o/eracea,
Bois., of which he says: This northern species occurs throughout all but
the southern parts of our region, though in scanty numbers except in
mountainous districts ; it appears, however, to be absent from the prairies
west of the Mississippi river, and wherever it has come in contact with P.
rapa, it has become relatively rare. Prof. French calls my attention to
napi being given in Mr. Edwards’s list of 1884, from Michigan, and Prof.
Blatchley has since recorded it from northern Indiana, about lat. 41°,
which is probably about its southermost limit, east of the Rocky
Mountains.

Colias paleno, Linn., (v. Lapponica, Stg.) This is almost as widely
diffused in Norway as is the preceding, occurring in all but four of the
provinces and ranging from 58° to 70° 25’. It is rather a curious fact
that provinces where it is not recorded as occurring, Stavanger, South
Bergenhus, North Bergenhus and Romsdal, all lie in the south-western
part of the country, along the coast, while inland it is found in precisely
the same latitude. With us C. pa/eno is found in Labrador.

Colias hecla, Lef. The Norway distribution of this species is limited
to three provinces, Nordland, Tromso and Finmarken, the range being
from 66° 50’ to 70°, these provinces being the three northernmost. In
North America the species is distributed from Alaska to Greenland, its
southern boundaries being as yet undefined. In case C. Meadii and C.
edis should either one prove to be varieties of C. Aecla, then Mr. Thomas

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119

E. Bean’s record of its occurrence at Laggan, Alberta, 51° 25’, will be
the southern limit on the Pacific coast for the latter, while the former
extends to Colorado, at least so far as we now know.

Vanessa antiopa, Linn. This is recorded as occurring 58° to 70,
and in all but two of the provinces, Stavanger and North Bergenhus, on
the south-western coast and included in the area over which Co/éas hecla
is reported not to inhabit. However, as the two provinces are separated
by South Bergenhus, in which the species is recorded as being present,
we are led to suspect that it may yet be found in one or both of these
now unoccupied provinces. With us the species occurs throughout North
America. :

V. atalanta, Linn, Dr. Schoyen records this from eleven provinces,
and ranging from 58° 38’ to 63° 26... With us this is as widely distri-
buted as the preceding.

V. cardui, Linn. This, in Norway, occurs in two-thirds of the
provinces, and ranges from 58° to 69 40’. In America it is as generally
distributed as the preceding, In Norway the area where it is not
recorded comprises the south-west coast provinces.

Argynnis chariclea, Schn. This appears to occur in only a single
and at the same time the most northern province, ranging only from
69° 20’ to 70° 42’.. In America, it ranges from Labrador, Hudson Bay
and Gulf of St. Lawrence on the east, to probably about lat. 51° 25’ on
the Pacific Coast, no where, according to Mr. Edwards, extending into
the United States.

_ A. polaris, Boisd. This has in Norway a very little wider range than
the preceding, occurring in only two provinces, Tromso and Finmarken,
and covering area between 69° and 70° 25’. In regard to the distribution
of this species in North America, the only records to which I have access
give the habitat as Arctic America, Greenland and Labrador.

A. freija, Thbg. The Norwegian range of this species is much wider
than that of the preceding, occurring, as it does, in eight of the eighteen
provinces, and over an area extending from 59 35 to 70 25’, being
absent in the extreme southern and also the extreme northern portions.
Of these ten provinces where it is not recorded as occurring, one is
located in the central (coastal), three south-eastern (inland), two southern
(one coastal and the other adjoining inland), two south-western
(coastal), and two western (coastal), and presumably the extreme north
coastal part of Finmarken, the northernmost territory of the country. In

120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

America this species is considered as synonymous with A. freya, Thunb.
With us it occurs from Alaska to Labrador and westward to the Rocky
Mountains, which range it follows southward to Colorado, about lat. 39. It
is probable that in southern Norway it is also confined to the mountain
regions.

A. frigga, Thbg. Dr. Schoyen’s list restricts this to four provinces—
Akershus, Buskerud, Tromso and Finmarken. The first two are northern
coastal, the last two southern inland. The range is from 59 56° to
70° 40’. With us it is recorded as inhabiting Arctic America and
Labrador, and from Alaska south along the Rocky Mountains to
Colorado.

Erebia disa, Thbg. This is recorded as inhabiting but two pro-
vinces, Finmarken and Nordland, the former the northernmost and
the latter in the central portion of the country, the two being separated
by the province of Tromso. The range is limited to from 66° 50’ to 70.
In America, we have the variety mancinus, Db-Hew, which appears to be
quite common in northern Alaska, whence it extends to the Rocky
Mountains in British America, with the southern limit not yet defined.

The idea of giving the latitude of the occurrence of species is, it
appears to me, much better than giving the name of some out-of-the-way
place that is not included on even a smali portion of our own maps, to
say nothing of those to which entomologists of other countries have
access. The name of the place is all well enough, but where the latitude
can also be given it will render the statement as to location much more
intelligible, both at home and abroad, and this too despite any variation
in the matter of isothermal lines.

TRYPETA SOLIDAGINIS, FITCH, AND ITS PARASITES.
BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.

In April of last year I found on the banks of the Ottawa River, at
Como, Province of Quebec, a number of very fine stems of a species of
Golden-rod. These stems were bare and dry, and bleached by the winter
storms. Their attraction for me lay in this—nearly every one of them
was burdened with a fine large Trypeta-gall. On some of them two such
galls were to be seen, I measured one of the excrescences, and found it
to be three inches and five-eighths of an inch in circumference. The
galls cf the same kind that I have found at Quebec have not been nearly

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121

so large nor so abundant. I took a number of the Como galls home with
me, and in due time obtained a good supply of perfect specimens of
T. solidaginis from them.

The species is very fully described by Loew in his “ Monograph of
the Diptera of North America,” Part I., p. 82 (Smithsonian Miséellaneous
Collections, April, 1862). To those who have not access to this work, the
following brief description of the insect may be acceptable :—

Size.—Expanse of wings, eleven-twentieths of an inch. Length of
body, six-twentieths. Width of thorax, two-twentieths.

fTead.—Face, whitish. Eyes, bronze-yellow. Antenne, yellow, short.
Mouth-opening wide.

Thorax broad and convex, set with short yellowish. hairs, has dark-
brown longitudinal stripes. Scutellum, convex and blunt. Wings, large,
umber-brown at the base, and then having an umber-brown, zig-zag,
scroll-like band ; the hyaline interstices being finely reticulated, more or
less, with brown. The legs are flavescent—the femora being somewhat
darker.

Abdomen broad at the base, and then gradually tapering to the ex-
tremity—the segments being marked with short, whitish hairs. The
borer of the female is very distinct. It is flat, of a reddish-brown colour,
and tipped with black.

The gall produced by this insect 4s a pithy gall—it is filled up with the
cellular tissue of the plant. Why the wounds caused by some insects
should produce galls of this nature, and those caused by others should
produce hollow galls, is one of the mysteries of Nature that science has
not yet cleared up.

In the Trypeta gall, the short, plump, yellow larva lies snugly en-
sconsed, closely surrounded by the vegetable tissues. It gradually
tunnels a way of exit for the fly; and then, as the spring draws near,
undergoes the pupal change. The pupa is about five-twentieths of an
inch long, oval, ochreous, but darkening to brown at the head. This
brown portion is ruptured when the fly makes its escape.

I have raised from the galls two kinds of parasites, viz :—Eurytoma
gigantea, Walsh, and the males (called by Walsh, Pimpla celebs) of
Pimpla ingutsitor, Say.

Eurytoma gigantea is a very remarkable insect. It is described by
Walsh in the 2nd Vol. of the ‘‘ American Entomologist and Botanist,” p.
300, from two females “ captured at large.”

122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

The specimens I have vary greatly in size. The largest of them
measure five-twentieths of an inch in length, with an expanse of wings of
seven-twentieths. .

Head, biack, deeply and closely indented (like a thimble) and set
with short white bristles. Eyes, round, prominent and set high up in the
head. Ocelli very small. Antennze g-jointed (8 in the flagellum). Walsh
gives the proportions of the joints very accurately as 14, 3, 6,5. 5, 4, 4,
4, 6. Palpi black.

Thorax, black, more coarsely punctured than the head. Wings hya-
line, veins honey-yellow, Legs, black—the hindmost and middle pairs
have the knees and extremities of the tarsi yellowish-white ; the first pair
have the tibiz and tarsi honey-yellow.

Abdomen, in the female, large, compressed laterally, and ending in a
long spur turned upward ; black, smooth and polished.

The male, which was unknown to Walsh, differs from the female in
these respects :—It is smaller ; the joints of the antennz, with the excep-
tion of the scape and the terminal joint, are more nearly equal ; the tibie
of the first pair of legs are considerably infuscated ; and the abdomen is
rounded, and diminishes regularly. Around the extremity of the abdo-
men are some white bristles. The head and thorax are coarsely punctate
as in the females, and the abdomen is polished and glabrous.

It was too late when I obtained the galls to find the larve of
E. gigantea ; but I discovered severai pupz. They occupied the cells of
the Trypeta larve, and were at first of a pure white waxen appearance.
The form of the fly was clearly outlined in them. They gradually dark-
ened till the flies were ready to appear.

Concerning this species, Mr. G. C. Davis, of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College, writes to me, “‘ I am quite sure the chalcid is Zurytoma
gigantea, although it varies slightly in colour markings.

Pimpla inguisitor, Say. The male of P. imguzsitor (P. celebs, Walsh,
Trans. St. Louis Acad., III., 141) is a very elegant insect, slim and
graceful. Its length is three-tenths of an inch; expanse of wings, five-
tenths ; length of antennz, two-tenths. J/¢ has a white face, in which it
differs from the female ; and the palpi are white. The first joint of the
antennz is black and much larger than the other joints, which are dark-
brown. ‘The other parts of the head are black, rough and thickly set
with short whitish bristles, as are also the thorax and abdomen.

The first and second pairs of legs are orange-red, with whitish tarsi.
The third pair have the femur orange, with black at the extremity. In
this pair the tibia and tarsus are beautifully banded with black and white.

I obtained ro males from about 50 Trypeta galls, but not one female—
the females, however, are not scarce in these parts. At least half the
galls were parasitised by the foes above described.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123

SOME NOTES ON THE COLLECTING SEASON OF 1893.
BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON.

After the long, steady and severe winter we had in this locality, every
one hoped for an early spring ; but in that we were disappointed, things
generally being no further advanced at the end of May than they usually
are in the middle. June came in warm, but with such continuous rains
as to prevent collecting to any extent. Towards the end of the month
the weather became more favourable and insect life appeared in profusion;
belated species mingling with some that seemed to have emerged before
their time. During the first three weeks of July one might have collected
all day and night with profit, and as that was impossible, one could see
that opportunities were being lost which only occur now and again after
long intervals. August was hot and very dry, which seriously affected
vegetation and had a correspondingly injurious influence on autumn
collecting.

Of the Diurnals, the most notable to me were, Zemenitis ursuda, quite
plentiful but difficult to secure; Preris o/eracea, abundant in one locality;
Papilio cresphontes was reported in July, and during August it was fre-
quently seen. On the 8th, I took a trip to Windsor and Detroit. On
the way I saw many fine fresh specimens feeding on flowers by the way-
side. At Windsor and Sandwich, several were observed, but at Belle
Isle they were numerous. I saw six of them feeding on one flower-bed
at the same time. It was about the only large butterfly on the wing there
at that time. Toward the end of the month battered specimens were
seen on the streets of London. On the 26th, I captured three broken
‘ specimens that had been flitting about a prickly-ash bush in Mount
Pleasant Cemetery. On the 17th of October, I found a number of larve
on that same bush, and took three of them. On the artst, the largest of
them pupated, the others perished for want of food. I visited that bush
on the 2oth, the larve remaining had about doubled their size, but had a
greasy look ; there had been some hard frosty nights. On the r3th of
February, 1894, that pupa gave forth the imago, a female, extremely
small, measuring three inches in exnanse of wing, and one and three-
fourths from the front of the head to the end of the tail on hing wing. A
number of reports have been published of the appearance of cresphontes
last summer in new localities, or in increased numbers in old ones, indi-
cating that it is spreading north and west and becoming more firmly

124 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOIGST.

established where it has obtained a foothold ; but it may be periodical in
its habits, and 1893 may have been with it also an exceptional year.

In the Heterocera, I secured several good things which I had never
taken before. <Acronycta grisea, a single specimen, and there was but
one example of it in the Society’s collection. Xy/omiges confusa, a single
specimen ; ofthis also there was but one in the collection, and that in
very poor condition.

On the 31st of August, whilst strolling in a bit of woods to the east
of the city, I saw a conspicuously bright gray moth resting on the trunk
of atree. Upon close inspection it proved to be new to me. When I
removed it from the spreading-board I compared it with what I thought
it most resembled, but the nearest approach that I could find to it was
Platycerura furcilla. Shortly after I had occasion to examine the
D’Urban collection, and whilst doing so my attention was arrested by a
specimen labelled Aude/a acronyctoides, which recalled to mind my new
moth, and upon comparing them they were found to be identical, except
in freshness. Mr. Grote in his notes on the D’Urban collection (CAN.
Ent., Vol. IX., p. 27), remarks: ‘‘The specimen is in poor condition,
but its ornamentation being marked, the species is quite recognizable.”
‘hat is a correct description of it as it is to-day, and my find is a fresh
and perfect duplicate of the type, and a really handsome insect. Prof.
Smith says in reply to my enquiry : ‘‘ Audela acronyctoides is by no means
a common insect ; on the contrary, it is decidedly rare, and there are only
a few specimens known in collections. It has been taken in a number of
localities, always single specimens only, and generally very early in the
season.”

Some of the late Geometers were quite abundant. From the rgth to
the end of August I secured about twenty Semiothisa caesaria, Hulst. I
found them resting on the trunks of tamarac trees, whilst later on
Petrophora truncata was quite plentiful. In the early part of October I
took over three dozen “pirrita dilutata, Bork. On the gth I secured
twenty-seven of them on the same trees from which I took the Caesaria.
The day was cool, and they sat close ; being very conspicuous objects, I
secured in about an hour’s time all I saw of them, except one; it was
sitting on the sunny side of a tree and arose as I approached it, when a
Phoebe bird gave chase and had it before it could reach another resting
place.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125

Lindropia duaria and Ellopia fervidaria, although appearing every
season to some extent, were also unusually plentiful, and some dark
coloured and heavily marked forms of them were obtained.

Although the season was not uniformly good throughout, yet it proved
in the end to be one of the best I have had in many years.

The following names are new to the Canadian list :—

Sarrothripa Lintneriana, Speyer. Determined by Prof. Fernald, was

sent to him by me in mistake as a micro.
G@demasia nitida, Pack.
Dasylophia interna, Pack.

Panthea propinquilinea, Grote, or sp. nov. This specimen I took in
1892. I thought at the time that it was an indistinctly marked P. fur-
cilla, but upon further investigation I concluded that it required authorita-
tive determination, so I sent it to Prof. Smith, who returned thé specimen
with the following remarks about it :—‘‘ No. 37 is exceedingly interesting
and is somewhat different from anything that I have ever seen before. It
comes nearest to Demas propinguilinea ; but I never saw before one quite
so well marked as this is. All the specimens from this region are a good
deal more powdery and darker with very little contrast in maculation. I
would not be at all surprised if a good series of both species would prove
the Canadian form distinct.”

Hadena vulgaris, G. & R.

Oncocnemis viriditincta, Smith. This is a species that I took a few
specimens of at Hamilton, many years ago, It was given a name pro-
visionally and placed with the named material. I had known for long
that it was out of place, but forgot it when sending for names. So to
avoid that again, I placed a specimen with the unnamed material, and it
went to Prof. Smith, with others, in December last. When the Professor
sent me the names of the others, he pronounced this one to be an
“ oddity,” saying “It reminds me of some West Indian species,” and
suspected that it must have been a transient visitor. But upon assuring
him that I had taken four of them, that I had seen more of them than I
captured, and that they were not all taken in the same year, and on send-
ing to him a male specimen for further examination, he wrote to me thus :

126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

*‘T find on a study of the specimen this time received, that it is an On-
cocnemis, and further it looks remarkably like a species which I received
from Mr. Bean, from McLean, British Columbia, and which I called viri-
ditincta from the beautiful greenish tinge of the scales covering the sur-
face. Looking at this specimen to-day I find that this greenish or mossy
appearance is rapidly disappearing, and that in an old specimen I can
understand that there will be little or none of it to be seen.” Whilst
farther on he remarks: “It is certainly somewhat interesting and peculiar
that you should have found at Hamilton the same species under what it
seems to me must be widely different conditions. The matter is of
further interest because this makes the second species of this genus which
has been found in what may be called the Eastern States, all the others
coming from the western plateaus or from the mountains.” As a coinci-
dence, I may state that the three or four specimens of Oxcocnemis Saun-
dersiana which I have taken were secured in the same locality, and also
eeding on the Golden-rod.

Hydrecia inquesita, G. & R. 4
Semtothisa caesaria, Hulst.
Pyrausta futilalis, Led.
Cacecia semiferana, Walk.
Lophoderus martana, Fern.
Tortrix pallorana, Rab.
Cenopis diluticostana, W\sm.
Exartema versicolorana, Clem.
Penthina impudens, W\sm.
Sericoris albiciliana, Fern.
Semasta radiatana, W\sm.
Phoxopteris apicana, Walk.

et Goodelliana, Fern.

Cryptolechia obsoletella, Zell,

~
/

THE CANADIAN EN'TOMOLUGIST. Ue

NOTES ON SOME SCALE INSECTS OF THE SUB-FAMILY
DIASPIN.

BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEX.

The following notes are intended to throw further light on the affini-
ties of certain little-known species, which I have lately examined :—

(1.) Chionaspis major, Ckll.—Found on Heliotrope at Antigua by
Mr. C. A. Barber. The 9 resembles that of Déiaspis /anatus, but may
be distinguished from it without difficulty. There is only one pair of
lobes, and these are very large, elongated, and crenate on both sides ;
they touch one another at their bases, but diverge toward their tapering
extremities. There is a small spine near the outer edge of each lobe. On
the margin beyond the lobes are three spine-like plates, then a shallow
notch, then three more plates, then another shallow notch, then a series of
from five to eight spine-like plates, mostly large, one especially so. The
produced margins of the segments cephalad of this bear spine-like plates,
the first counting from the caudal end having nine, the second 5, the third
8, the fourth 4 or more, the fifth 4 or more small ones, and the sixth only
rudiments.

This insect is not allied to the common West Indian Chionaspis, C.
minor, Maskell, but belongs to the group of C. sa/icis, L., etc. The scale
is about 4 mm. long, oval, white with brownish exuvie.

(2.) Diaspis cacti, Comst. n. syn. opuntie (opunticola), Newst., Ent.
Mo. Mag., 1893, pp. 188, 280.

Mr. Wickham has sent me some specimens found in a greenhouse at
Iowa City, Iowa (coll. M. F. Linder), which lead me to advance the above
synonymy. ‘They present all the characters of cacf7, and in addition the
numerous “spinnerets or pores,” and the elongated pores, which form the
specific characters of opunticola. I cannot believe that there is a distinct
species, D. cacti, resembling the present one in all other respects, but
lacking these pores, and must assume that Comstock’s description was so
far imperfect. My variety opuntie (Journ. Inst. Jamaica, Vol. I., p. 256),
from Jamaica, looks different owing to the much paler exuvie (paler, no
doubt, because less exposed), but I can see nothing to distinguish it as a
species from cacti. It has the pores of opunticola.

Mr. Newstead’s scales differed also a little in colour from typical
cacti, so that three colour-mutations may be distinguished thus :—

(t.) Exuvize not strongly contrasting with scale, . = ofuntie, Ckll,

128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(2.) Exuvize strongly contrasting.

(a.) Scale grayish-white or greenish,. . . . = cacti, Comst.
(b.) Scale pale yellowish-brown,. . . . = ofpunticola, Newst.

The mut. opunticola is from Demerara. |

I quite expect that D. cacti will itself prove to be a synonym of D.
calyptroides, Costa. The colour character given by Comstock will not
hold, as I found D. cacti v. opuntie had the ? sometimes (in February)
orange, sometimes pale yellow. The other characters, of the grouped
glands, are surely also variable.

(3.) Aspidiotus fimbriatus, (Maskell). Syn. Déiaspis (?) fimbriata,
Maskell, Trans. N. Z. Inst., 1892 [publ. 1893], p. 208. Found on
Eugenia in Australia by Mr. Koebele.

Mr. Maskell has kindly sent me specimens, and I am convinced that
the species belongs to Asfidiotus, and in that genus to the group of A.
nerii, destructor, &c. This reference is borne out by the scale, and also
by the terminal portion of the female, which is quite unlike that of any
Diaspis known to me. The somewhat elongate form of the female is not
of any generic significance, or at all events, cannot be considered to out-
weigh the structural characters of the terminal portion, which are entirely
those of an Aspfidivtus. Unfortunately th: male scale is unknown.

(4.) Aspidiotus dictyospermi, Morgan. ‘There is an Aspidiotus which
I found on Cycas at King’s House, Jamaica, and Mr. Campbell found
abundantly on stems of rose at Castleton Gardens in the same island, that
is apparently identical with Morgan’s dictyospermi. The scales look like
those of A. aurantii, but the shape of the female is as in the majority of
the genus, which will distinguish it at once from either awrantz or ar-
ticulatus.

The colour of the ? is pale yellow.

The terminal portion of the 9 agrees weil with dictyospermi. There
are three pairs of lobes, the middle pair much largest, and notched witb-
out, the second also notched, the third very small. Between the lobes
are scaly plates. Cephalad of the third lobe, the margin presents a pair
of elongated plates, though not so long as in Morgan’s figure of dictyo-
spermi. Beyond these are two small plates. There are conspicuous
elongated sacs near the bases of the lobes, somewhat after the manner of
A. mimose and A. smilacis. The anterior lateral groups of glands are of
about three each, the posterior lateral of two. .

The scale is red-brown, with covered exuviz to one side of the centre,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 129

first skin nipple-like, shining. In regard to the scale, our insect does
not very well agree with Morgan’s account of dictyospermt, but there may
be variation in this respect ; in fact, Mr. Newstead has already indicated
that there is, by describing the peculiar variety avecw. It may be con-
venient also to distinguish the present form by a name, jamaicensis ; so
the varieties of A. dictyospermi can be tabulated thus :—

(1.) Scale elongate-oval, greyish-white, . . = dictyospermi, Morg.

(2.) Scale circular or nearly so, reddish or orange-brown.

(a.) Nipple-like prominence surrounded by a depression,

beyond which is a strong circular ridge,. —= arece, Newst.
(b.) Without any conspicuous depression or

Pag ey 6) a eet se, Cao eos es faemaicensis, GAM

On examining the form jamaicensis, one can see the characters which,
if much more developed, would give rise to arecw ; and there can be no
doubt that if it should become necessary to make two species out of the
above forms, they will be @ictyospermi and arece, with jamaicensis as a
variety of the latter.

A. mangifere, Ckll., from jamaica, has a pale scale, more like that of
typical dictyospermi; its affinity with dictyospermi is evident, and I
should not be surprised if it ultimately becomes necessary to sink it
under that species as a variety. Mr. Maskell, however, to whom I sent
specimens of mangifere, wrote that the species appeared to him to be a
valid one.

There is another scale insect, which in the female presents an extra-
ordinary resemblance to A. dictyospermi, and that is Diaspis pinnulifera,
Maskell, found in Fiji and Demerara. But the form of the male scale, as
‘described by Maskell, will at once separate this from any Asfidiotus.

(5.) Aspidiotus punice, Ckll.—Jn. Inst. Jamaica, 1893, p. 255. The
typical form of this species has the scale slightly raised, snow-white, with
orange-brown exuvie. The @ is almost circular, plump, orange with the
hind end slightly brownish. In the orange, plump @, it resembles speci-
mens of A. rapax found on guava. The median lobes are large and
elongate, close together, and notched without ; the second pair is small,
the third practically obsolete. In the region of the lobes, but not beyond,
are some scale like plates ; and beyond the rudiment of the third lobe is
a conspicuous spine. The margin, beyond, shows one or two spines.
There are four groups of ventral glands.

In the specimens on cocoanut from Dominica (the type being from

130 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST.

Jamaica) the second pair of lobes was also practically obsolete. The 7,
from Dominica, has well-developed wings ; it is dull yellow, with blue-
black eyes.

So far, the species is distinct and easily recognized ; but ee are some
allied forms, concerning which it is not easy to come to a sound judg.
ment ; I will discuss these under the head of 4. diffinis.

(6.) Aspidiotus affinis (difinis), Newstead. Ent. Mo. Mag., 1893)
pp. 186, 280. This is evidently very near to pumice, but it differs in its
high, convex, greyish-brown scale, and in the absence of plates and
grouped glands. The presence of grouped glands has been shown by
Mr. Newstead to be an uncertain character in A. zonatus, Frauenf., and
I have found it equally so in A. destructor, Sign., but the other distinctive
features seem of importance.

There is a scale found in Jamaica, which I had named in MS. Aspi-
diotus punice var. lateralis, but which I now believe must be referred to
difinis.. The following description will serve for its recognition :—

@ Scale r mm. diam. or a little over, convex, rounded, circular, or
nearly so, varying to oval, dull brownish-white, varying to brown, with
covered brown exuviz, resembling those of Aunica, but placed away from
the centre. Scale leaving a white mark when removed from the plant.

@ Nearly circular, terminal portion yellow, the rest variegated pink
and blue in a peculiar manner. The lobes and plates as in typical pumice.

g Scale smaller, elongate with rounded ends and parallel sides ; ex-
uvize away from the centre.

Hab. on stems of Jasminum pubescens, Parade Garden, Kingston,
Jamaica, Sept., 1892, collected by F. N. DaCosta.

It will be seen that this var. /ateralis resembles difinis in the scale,
but differs in having distinct scale-like plates.

On atree in East street, Kingston, Jamaica (not identified, but has
pinnate leaves, leaflets 13, oblique, tips obtuse, emarginate), I found
numerous scales which seemed also referable to var. /ateralis. They
were massed together on the petioles and stalks, mixed with a few
Asterolecanium pustulans. The scales agree exactly with 4. difinis as
described by Newstead, but most of them are parasitised, so that I could
not get very good examples of the female insect. Little bright red mites
were running about amongst them. The female, in this form, is bright
yellow to pale yellow, not pink and blue as in the Jasminum specimens.
The lobes are as in typical pwnice, and there are distinct, though narrow,
serrate plates. I failed to see any groups of ventral glands,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PSt

For the present, it will suffice to distinguish two forms of 4. dffinis,
thus :—
(1.) Plates wanting ; form inhabiting Demerara, — difinis, Newst.
' (2.) Plates present ; form inhabiting Jamaica, . = J/ateradis, Ckll.
Whether these really constitute a distinct species, or should be con-
sidered varieties of punicw, must be left for future decision. The name
punice was published about three montis before afiués, which pre-
occupied name was later altered to dzfinis.

(7.) A. biformis, Ckll. This scale seems to be common on cultivated
orchids in Jamaica and Trinidad ; it should be looked for in conservatories
in this country.

Scale about 2 mm. diam., circular to broadly-oval, depressed, sur-
face granulose ; exuvice nipple-like, dark red-brown, placed on one side
of the centre. Colour of scale dark brown to black.

Conspicuous white patches are left when the scales are removed.

Y With three pairs of lobes, the first two pairs moderately large,
well-developed, with parallel sides ; the third pair more or less rudimen-
tary. Scale-like plates between the lobes. On the margin, cephalad of
the lobes, is a pointed projection, having a spine on each side of it.

&¢ Scales much smaller than those of the female, narrow, elongate,
with the exuvize at one end.

This species might be confounded with 4. ficus, but the form of the
male scale wili distinguish it at a glance.

(8.) A. juglans-regie, Comst. Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, when Ento-
mologist of the N. Mex. Exp. Station, found a species of Aspidiotus on

“some young plum trees at Las Cruces, N. Mex. The trees were there-
upon destroyed, and the scale, which had evidently been imported, has
not been seen in the neighbourhood since.

Some specimens, however, were preserved ; and on examining them I
concluded that they were 4. juglans-regie. Not having any of that
‘species for comparison, I sent a few of the Las Cruces scales to Dr.
Riley, asking for his opinion. He kindly replied thus:—‘ The specimen
which you send differs from Comstock’s A. juglans-regie. It has four
lateral rows of pores on the anal plate, while there are but three in Com-
stock’s species. ‘The fourth or external row in the New Mexican species
is composed of about 20 pores, whereas in Comstock’s it is composed of
3 to 8 only.”

In these points it resembles Colvée’s A. juglandis, which has the

132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

four lateral rows of pores, and the external row composed of 16 to 18
pores.

A. juglandis is said to have the scale reddish, in the Las Cruces form
it is brown, in juglans-regie pale grayish-brown. I have been much in-
clined to suppose that juglandis and juglans-regie are but forms of one
species, but have not the material to prove the point. If so, our Las
Cruces scale must belong to the same species.

For the sake of distinguishing our form, it may be well to describe it
thus :—A. juglans regia var. NOV. prunt.

9 Scale varying from very pale brown to decided brown, second skin
sometimes dark brown. Exuvie apparently covered by a fine layer of
secretion, mostly rubbed off in our specimens ; second skin large, broadly
oval or sub-circular, not pointed ; first skin more or less exposed, orange
Shape of scale circular or nearly so; diameter, 24% mm.

2? Yellow, oval. Median lobes rather large, blunt and rounded, close
together, notched outwardly. Second lobes smaller but of fair size, also
notched outwardly. ‘Third lobes obsolete. Pairs of spine-like plates at
intervals along the margin. Caudolateral groups of glands of from 5 to 7,
cephalolaterals of from 6 to 7, median group represented by a single orifice,

¢ Scale, colour of 9 scale, but smaller and elongate.

Hab. on twigs of plum, Las Cruces, N. Mex., May 8. (Townsend.)

I do not knowany species with which this might easily be confounded,
except A. avcy/us, Putnam, which has a smaller scale, brick-red exuviz,
and the second pair of lobes obsolete.

Feb, 21.—I have just received specimens of Aspidiotus juglans-regia,
Comst. from Prof. Morgan, of Baton Rouge, La. He sends it on peach
and Japan plum, with the statement that eit is new in this section and is
doing considerable damage.”

Feb. 25.—Yesterday I found a new variety of Aspidiotus juglans-regie
at Mesilla, N. Mex. :—

Var. nov. albus. Scale flat, 244 mm. diam, white, with the exuviz
orange-red, but covered by white secretion. 2 yellow, four rows of orifices
marking the obliterated segments of terminal portion ; ventral glands
present, median single, cephalolaterals 9, caudolaterals zo. Marginal
spines and plates inconspicuous. On bark of pear trees, not very
numerous.

Should this hereafter be considerd a distinct species, the varietal name
now given may stand for it ; but notwithstanding the white colour, which
seems quite constant in the Messilla specimens, I have no doubt in my
own mind that the insect is a variety of juglans-regie, with which it
appears to agree in all really essential characters.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133

oS SS ——=— — ees ess ——_——
+t. :

A REPLY TO MR. W. H. EDWARDS.
BY H, J. ELWES, COLESBORNE, CHELTENHAM, ENGLAND,

I did not suppose that anything I wrote on North American Butter-
flies was likely to find favour in Mr. Edwards’s eyes, but in a long criticism
of my paper on @neis, which I have just seen in the CanapIAN EnrTo-
MOLOGIST, there are two or three points on which he has so much mis-
understood or misrepresented me that I cannot pass them by, as I shall
do the greater part of his remarks, as unworthy of notice.

As to the specific distinction of Cadlifornica, iduna and gigas, I could
find nothing in Mr, Edwards’s own figures or writings to guide me in
separating them, and now I only see that he relies on Messrs. Wright and
Fletcher, as he has seen none of them in life himself. It is quite possible
that there is as much variation in the larva as in the imago, and if there
is any invariable character by which they can be known apart, I am just
as ready to admit it as in the case of zval/da. Only I must wait for Mr,
Edwards to show it, which he has not yet done, so far as I am capable of
judging.

Next, with regard to Uh/eri and varuna; I quite admit that one and
the same species of (Eneis is not likely to fly on low, grassy plains and on
alpine peaks, though I have taken both Parnassius smintheus and Erebia
epipsodea in quite as dissimilar situations. But where did I say that
varuna was found on alpine peaks? Kananaskis, though 4,000 feet
above sea-level, is just such a grassy level valley in the mountains as
Uhleri frequents in Colorado, and the elevation of 4,000 feet there is,
with regard to timber line, equal to about 7,000 or 8,000 feet in Colorado—
just the level at which Uh/eri seems most abundant. It is Uhilert, as Mr.
' Edwards says, and so are the specimens found at other localities farther east
in Alberta. If they have a difference sufficient to distinguish them it is
for Mr. Edwards to define the range of both and give us something more
definite than he has done as differential characters.

Now we come to Zo Bvd. a name which I have ignored, because I
cannot identify it certainly with any species. Mr. Edwards, having
adopted the name on other people’s authority, feels bound, I suppose, to
support it. But it is not consistent of him after doing so to refuse to
recognize the much better evidence I have given for the identification of
the name swbhyalina ; simply, as it seems, because he prefers to suppose
that the type.is not really the specimen described by Curtis. He says
that it was described sixty years ago, and “in course of sixty odd years

134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the chances are against the survival of any particular cabinet insect! It
has a hundred enemies besides the possibility of accident. It is not an
unknown thing for the owner of a collection of insects, when a type is
destroyed, to attach the label to another example that seems near or
pretty near the original.” Here, perhaps, we have an explanation of the
reason why, as I have pointed out in my reply to his criticism on my
paper on Argynnis (see Can. Ent., Vol. XXII., p. 150), I never got any
help from Mr. Edwards in identifying so many of his types. But we do
not so use our types in Europe, and there is not the slightest reason for
assuming, as Mr. Edwards has done on the authority of an anonymous
correspondent, that the type of subhyalina Curtis, is not the insect
described by him. It happens that there was a label in what I believe to
be Guénée’s handwriting to the effect that this specimen was the one
described by Curtis; but suppose it was not, what ground has Mr.
Edwards for applying the name of a species described from Arctic
America (?) to a species now only known to occur on the high peaks of the
Rocky Mountains of Alberta, and never re-found by any of the numerous
Arctic expeditions which have been out since Ross’s time, and have
covered a good deal if not all the ground covered by him.

As to my @. Alberta, Mr. Edwards had better wait till he sees it be-
fore saying that it is varuna. If he cannot distinguish it from varuna
by the description, it only shows that either his or our description is bad,
and how does he know that the one sent him by Mr. Fletcher was the
same species P

As to the identification of Mr. Fletcher’s supposed female of AZacouniz
taken at Morley, Alberta, I can only say that there is no question what-
ever of Mr. Fletcher’s veracity, only, how can you tell female MWacounii
from female wevadensis ? I referred this very point to Mr. Scudder when
he was at my house last year, and he looked at the specimens and _ said
he could not say, but thought that it was just as likely to be one as the
other.

Lastly, Mr. Edwards says, and I quite agree with him, that the value
of publications such as mine depends’‘much on whether the author is
thoroughly acquainted with his subject ; and such acquaintance implies
considerable experience as a lepidopterist and study of the forms he
undertakes to speak of, etc., etc., and also an acquaintance with the be-
haviour, habits of flight and localities of the species, either from persona!
observation or reliable reports of thoroughly good observers, That is

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 135

just what I think, too, and I have made two journeys in the west, and a
great many in Europe and Asia in search of this knowledge ; whilst Mr.
Edwards, so far as I know, has never seen an (Eneis alive anywhere or
any collection of them at all comparable with those I have seen and have
studied specially before writing.

As to his criticism on the value of the clasper I do not think he has
any practical experience of the matter, but I will leave Mr. J. Edwards
to answer him on that point :—

**T desire to say something on so much of Mr.W. H. Edwards’s critic-
ism above-mentioned, as relates to the employment of characters derived
from the male genitalia and the comparative table, as these are the points
with which I was more particularly concerned in the preparation of Mr.
Elwes’s paper on Geis.

“My business was simply to examine the material upon which the
paper was based, and to ascertain how many kinds there were capable of
definition with reasonable accuracy ; and I endeavoured to give expres-
sion to those characters which separate any given kind from all the other
kinds under review at that time, and to contrast these characters in a
workable form in my ‘‘ Conspectus specierum.” The question of the
soundness or otherwise of my work I am content to leave to the judgment
of any competent students who may be disposed to make an honest
attempt to determine described species of (Eneis by the characters there
laid down. A comparative table may be very useful to many students
without necessarily pleasing everybody. Mr. W. H. Edwards gives it as
his opinion that characters drawn from the male genitalia are valueless,
but I find in practice that they have a value equivalent to any other mor-
phological peculiarity, and that value is, of course, in direct proportion to
their constancy in a series of individuals. Perhaps the best statement of
the exact value of these characters, so far as Lepidoptera are concerned, is
that by Prof. John B. Smith in his Revision of Agrotis (Bull. 38, U. S.
Nat. Mus., p. 7.), which I quote here as it is well worth reprinting :—
‘ The study of the primary sexual characters is one of the most valuable
guides in the recognition of species. The structures are within my ex-
perience absolutely invariable within specific limits, and species other-
wise closely allied are sometimes well separated by these characters.
They have proved invaluable in settling questions of the identity of
American and European forms so closely allied as to be considered races,
and in several instances they have proved the identity or distinctness of

136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

species when superficial characters left it in doubt. It has removed
individual judgment as a factor in many cases and allows a final appeal
in cases of difference. There is no universal test character, however, and
as with all others so sexual characters sometimes fail. Over one hundred
species referred to Carneades have so nearly the same form of structure
that there is no sufficient variation to have specific value in doubtful
cases. In some other groups, however, no two species are alike, and the
widest variance within generic limits allows definite specific limitation.’

“ As I wrote the description of @. A/berta and the paragraph im-
mediately following, I may be allowed to point out for the information of
anyone who may be disposed to accept Mr.W. H. Edwards’s statement
that Alberta and varuna cannot be distinguished from each other, that
the former may be distinguished from the Jatter (amongst other points) by
the whitish veins on the hindwing below, the absence of fulvous colouring
except on the hindwing above, and the presence of a tooth or projection
near the middle of the upper edge of the. clasp in the male; all which
particulars appear, with others, in the description in question.”

James Epwarps, Colesborne, Cheltenham, England.”

April 2nd, 1894.

NEW NORTH AMERICAN HOMOPTERA, No. VIII.

BY E. P. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y.
1, ATHYSANUS ANTHRACINUS, 72. Sp.

Allied to A. p/utonius, Uhl. Deep, black, highly polished, tibiz and
tarsi of the anterior and intermediate feet yellow. Length, 344 mm.

Head shorter and more rounded before than in p/utonzus, closely
punctured. Vertex % longer on the middle than next the eye, sloping
and strongly rounded to the base of the front, median carina very feeble;
ocelli and two dots on the hind margin fulvous. Antenne, the basal
joint excepted, pale; about six obscure arcs on the front and. the
rostrum, excepting its tip, fulvous. Sides of the clypeus parallel, tip
feebly rounded. Knees, tibie and tarsi of the anterior and _inter-
mediate feet pale yellow; slender hind edge of the ventral segments
fulvous. Pronotum obscurely wrinkled, more prominently rounded
before than in A/wtonius. Scutellum closely punctured. Elytra almost
coriaceous, deep piceous black, shagreened; nervures inconspicuous.
Wings deep smoky brown, nervures blackish.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137

Valve of the male rather large, rounded. Plates long-triangular,
exceeding the pygofers, rounded at apex and armed with a few tawny
marginal bristles. Last ventral segment of the female longer than the
penultimate, feebly concavely arcuated either side, the lateral angles quite
strongly produced, subacute ; pygofers short and thick, blunt at apex and
armed there with a few feeble bristles, a little surpassed by the oviduct.

Iowa, Kansas and Colorado. Described from one female and two
male examples. The Kansan specimen was captured at Madison, by
M. C. Van Duzee. That from Iowa I owe to the kindness of Prof.
Herbert Osborn, and the example from Colorado is from Prof. C. P.
Gillette. Prof. Osborn’s specimen came labelled Conogonus gagates,
Ashm., and in the National Museum is an example labelled Scleroracus
anthracinus, Uhler. Ihave adopted Mr. Uhler’s specific name as very
appropriate for this deep black little Jassid, but I can find no characters
to separate it generically from <Afthysanus. Its highly polished semi-
coriaceous elytra are peculiar, but hardly constitute a generic character.
This insect superficially resembles Goniagnathus Palmeri, but they are
very distinct.

2. KUTETTIX JOHNSONI, 7. sf.

Form of Paramesus Twiningi. Bright orange-fulvous maculated
with white. Anterior edge of the vertex acute, marked above with six
black points and below with an interrupted black line. Length, 4-414 mm.

Head nearly as wide as the pronotum. Vertex flat, depressed, 4%
longer on the middle than next the eye, anterior edge acute. Front
strongly narrowed below. Clypeus a little expanded toward the rounded
‘apex. Pronotum not twice the length of the vertex, sides rather long,
obtusely carinated ; latero-posterior angles rounded. Valve of the male
broad-triangular, apex truncated ; plates broad and short, little more than
twice the length of the valve, rounded behind with a short obtuse tip,
heavily fringed with soft white hairs ; pygofers short, truncated, with a few
long white bristles. Last ventral segment of the female long, rounded,
sinuated next the lateral angles, produced in a short acute tooth either
side of a narrow acute median notch. Pygofers broad, tapering suddenly
from the apex of the connexivum to the acute tip, which is somewhat
surpassed by the stout oviduct, the sides nearly rectilinear.

Colour bright orange-fulvous, paling to almost yellow beneath and on
the legs, and marked with yellow on the anterior edge of the vertex, apex

138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of the scutellum and more obscurely on the sides of the pronotum and
tergum. Two spots on the base of the vertex, three longitudinal lines on
the pronotum, the lateral broader and abbreviated before, the basal mar-
gin of the clavus, and about eighteen spots on the elytra, white ; the latter
coalescing in places, and forming about four transverse bands; the two
transverse veinlets bounding the postnodal areole brown ; nervures fulvous,
rather strong. Wings faintly enfumed, highly iridescent, nervures brown.
Anterior edge of the vertex with six black points, the, two median approxi-
mate ; base of the front with a black concentric line, crossing the temples
and interrupted at the middle and below each ocellus. Claws and antennal
sete brown. Tibial spines deeper fulvous. Face with an obsolete pale
median line.

The male is a little more deeply coloured than the female, and has the
two inner transverse nervures beyond the apex of the clavus brown, and
the wings are more deeply fuliginous.

Described from one male and two female examples taken at Philadel-
phia, Pa., by Mr. C. W. Johnson. This is, perhaps, the most delicately
beautiful little Jassid as yet described from our fauna, and it affords me
pleasure to dedicate it to Mr. Johnson, who has brought to. notice many
interesting forms of the /ass¢de from Eastern Pennsylvania and New
Jersey.

This is the smallest species of Hutettzx yet described. It has nearly
the colour and markings of Paramesus vittellinus, and the size and form
of P. Twiningi, and might readily be mistaken for a member of that
genus, but the elytral neuration and most of its characters are those of
Lutettix.

3. EUTETTIX CLARIVIDA, 7. Sp.

Form nearly of Eutettix seminuda. Pale greenish-yellow, anterior
edge of the vertex with a distant pair of large black spots and two brown
points at the apex. Length, 41% to 5 mm.

Vertex hardly 4 longer on the middle than next the eye, just 1% the
length of the pronotum; marked with an impressed median line on the
base, either side of which is the usual impressed area near the outer angle
of the disc, and anteriorly is the transverse subapical depression common
to this species of this genus. Front 4% longer than wide, clypeus scarcely
expanded apically ; cheeks as in seminuda. Valve of the male broad-
triangular, about the length of the last ventral segment; plates about
twice the length of the valve, their outer edges distinctly arquated near

THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 139

the base ; pygofers exceeding the plates, obtuse. Ultimate ventral seg-
ment of the female rather long, hind edge rounded with a short, abrupt
median projection or tooth, about twice as broad as long ; pygofers broad,
a little surpassed by the stout oviduct.

Colour: Entire insect pale greenish-yellow, polished, paler on the head
and beneath, tips of the tarsal joints embrowned, extreme apex of the
rostrum black, anterior edge of the head with a round black spot placed
just above and within each ocellus, and two minute equidistant brown
points between these on the apex. Mesonotum and sometimes the basal
tergal segments black. Eyes brownish. Elytra subhyaline with strong
yellowish nervures.

Colorado. Described from two male and four female examples received
from Prof. C. P. Gillette. Except in its want of ornamentation this
insect is closely related to Eutettix seminuda, Say, like which it
approaches Zhamunotettix in many of its characters. But its broader
form, the characters of the vertex and the wide front will indicate its
relationship.

4. CIcADULA LEPIDA, 1. Sp.

Very near C. diminuta, Leth., but larger, with the front narrower and
less tumid below, and with the clypeus broader at apex. Length, 3% to
4 mm.

Colour pale yellow somewhat intensified on the abdomen and tinged
with green on the vertex. Head marked with two points placed near the
hind edge of the vertex about midway between the nearly obsolete
median line and the eyes, two large transverse spots at apex, on the
basal sutures of the front. A vertical mark either side between the
ocellus and eye, about three very short frontal arcs, and a spot at base of
the antenne ; all black. Eyes, frontal sutures below the antenne, tips
of the tarsal joints and a row of minute points at the base of the tibial
spines, brown. Disc of the tergum, oviduct, claws and tiv of the rostrum
black. Elytra whitish, pellucid, faintly tinged with yellow at base and
smoky at tip ; nervures slender, pale yellow. Wings white. Last ventral
segment short, hind edge entire, very slightly rounded ; pygofers bearing
a few white bristles at tip, scarcely surpassed by the oviduct.

Described from two female examples, Kansas, July, Prof. F. H.
Snow. New York City, June, Mr. E. B. Southwick. Prof. Snow’s
specimen was taken at electric light, in Dodge Co., Kansas. _

140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ZETHUS AZTECUS IN FLORIDA.
BY WM. HAMPTON PATTON, HARTFORD, CONN

ZETHUS AZTECUS, Saussure (Syn. Z Poeyi, Sauss. and Z. S/ossona, F.)

The male differs little from the female in colour (specimens from
Indian River, Fla., Dr. Wittfeld) ; the described differences being all
variations. The male clypeus is often black at base and in middle.

Saussure’s description of Z. aztecus says, “ fronte transversim in lineam
elevato.” Hence Fox’s character of difference for Z. S/ossone is incor-
rect, and the new name yields to Z aztecus, Sauss.

Z. aztecus, having abdomen black, differs in this (and not in lacking a
ridge above antennz) from Z. S/ossone, Fox.

Z. Poeyi, having abdomen red, agrees in this with Z. S/ossona. ‘The
teeth of clypeus are variable.

The spiral antennal tip of /oeyz is not sufficiently invariable to hold
this species distinct from aztecus; and the length of pediele of second
segment is variable in appearance. The colour (also variable) does not
differ from S/ossone to Poeyt. Hence I unite Poeyi to aztecus and add
Slossoné as a synonym. Occurs in Mexico, Cuba and Florida.

In Zethus four divisions are named in Saussure’s “‘ Synopsis” :

Zethus, Sauss., second abdominal segment subsessile.

Heros, Sauss., clypeus lozenge-shaped, forming on each side an angle.

Zethusculus, Sauss., pedicle of second segment not more than one-
fourth length of segment.

Didymogaster, Perty, pedicle of second segment at least one-fourth
length of segment.

None of these divisions appear to be sufficiently distinct to be worthy
of mention, even as sections. The length of pedicle of second segment
is variable in the same species ; hence, aztecus was placed in Zethusculus
and Poeyi in Didymegaster.

Discelius is asynonym of Zethus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141

NOTE ON ACRONYCTA CRISTIFERA, WALK.
BY A. R. GROTE, A.M., BREMEN, GERMANY.

Thanks to the identifications of Prof. Smith with the British Museum
collection which contains Walker’s types, we have now a certainty as to
the correct names of almost all our species. It is clear from different
remarks in the catalogue that under Mr. Butler’s rearrangement of the
material some shifting of the specimens described by Walker has taken
place, and this shifting has equally certainly led here or there to an
accidental shifting of label. I suggest as a possible solution to the
Acronycta cristifera mystery, that the specimen B. Mus. Lists, IX., 230,
1856, marked: ‘“* W. Orillia, West Canada, from Mr. Bush’s collection,”
and determined as MWamestra brassice by Walker, may now figure as the
“type” of Acronycta cristifera, Walk., and the real type of the latter,
which I saw in its original place, may have become misplaced.

In 1881, before Mr. Butler had interfered with, or Prof. Smith had
seen the British Museum Collection, I examined the sole specimen and
apparent “type” of Acronycta cristifera, Walk. It was in fair condi-
tion, with clean cut wings and somewhat narrow and tufted body parts.
It belonged to a species unknown to me, of a seeming peculiar northern
type ; the specimen was labelled as from St. Martin’s Falls, Hudson Bay.
I examined it carefully, and in my memory can see the specimen before
me now. It was a dark stone-gray species, the concolorous primaries
without any warm tinting shaded here and there with whitish, but quite
obscurely, and allowing the usual lines and narrowly outlined stigmata to
be clearly made out. ‘The stigmata were defined and nearly concolorous,
‘not contrasting. The insect reminded me mostly of the species described
by Morrison as Acronycta aspera. 1 judged the specimen to have naked
eyes, but had no opportunity of verifying this. The hind wings were
concolorous, perhaps a little darker. There was not a trace of any
reddish-brown, or brighter shading or colour. The whole insect was of a
stony, somewhat fuscous or sordid dusty gray-hue. In my Illustrated
Essay I noted this examination of mine as follows: ‘‘ The type from
Hudson Bay is not an Acronycta. The abdomen is tufted ; the species
is dark stone-grey, with kidney-shaped reniform, and seems a Hadenoid
form unknown to me,” |. c. 38. Under these circumstances I was greatly
surprised to find by Prof. Smith’s Revision that Mr, Butler had referred
the specimen as belonging to Mamestra /ubens; still more so that Prof.

142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Smith afterwards confirms the decision. That the specimen considered
by Butler and Smith to be the “type” of cristifera, Walk, is really
lubens, 1 do not doubt. But that this specimen was described by Walker
and seen by me, I do not only doubt, but I shall try to show the impossi-
bility of. Let me premise that, so far as I can find out, in every case
where I have positively identified Walker’s species, after seeing the Brit.
Mus. Collection, my identification is adopted and verified afterwards by
Prof. Smith, as a study of his synonymy will show. In every case but
this ; for even where, from the poor condition of the specimen, I only
ventured to suggest the identity, as with 4. muraenuda, the supposition
is confirmed. Let me also premise that, in the search for “ types,” Prof.
Smith has not stopped to verify the supposed “type” by the description.
Yet the description is the sole real authority for the authenticity of the
“type.” A number of times have I, in print, drawn attention to this
fact, that when a supposed “type ” contradicts the published description,
the “type” must be held to be spurious. Not only does literature bring
ample evidence that “types” have been subsequently made, but a
mistake in labelling, a changing of the label, may not infrequently occur,
and has often occurred as the result of accident. We may go further and
say that a description must tolerably well conform to the appearance
and character of the specimen, to be accepted as having been drawn up
from it. But, in the present case, we may waive all such argument,
weakened as it must be by Walker’s poor descriptive methods. The
description of cristifera simply contradicts the supposition that a speci-
men of /ubens could have served for its basis. It bears out my inde-
pendent testimony, written without consulting the B. Mus. Lists, that a
sordid, dusky or “ brownish” gray insect, without any brighter colouring,
was before Mr. Walker. Accessory evidence is that /zdens is not, so far
as known, a northern species at all, not else known in the Hudson Bay
collections ; while the form I saw had the northern aspect of Podza aspera.
Again, Mr. Walker’s generic references are wild, but there is still some
method in them. A moth to be referred by him to Acronycta must have
something gray, black and white, about it, to say the least. Now /ubens
is not gray after this fashion. It is more brown than gray. It is very
dark grayish with generally over all a distinct reddish flush and tinge,
especially basally. The reniform spot is upright and yellowish, not
kidney-shaped. Beneath it is even brighter coloured, tinged with carmine
or bright red. The hind wings are not gray or “ cinereous” at all, but

THE CANADIAN ENVOMOLOGIST, 143

fuscous or smoky. The size is larger. LZubens is also altogether a com-
paratively gaily coloured Noctuid, with violet and purple-brown shadings.
It recalls somewhat Copimamestra brassice, but not in any way does it
resemble a dead stone-gray species, unicolorous in appearance. The
lines are partly yellow ; they cannot be described as “ black, undulating
and denticulated.” The type I saw allowed the fine lines, single, if I
remember rightly, to contrast and appear as if cut in the wing against the
even paler ground colour. The reniform was wide, kidney-shaped,
excavated outwardly. But let Mr. Walker speak for himself. That he
described Mamestra adjuncta and Xylomiges crucialis as Acronyctas 1s
true, but these have at least something of the Acronycta livery and
colours. Zudens has nothing of this, and is well described by Smith in
the Revision, p. 233, under cristifera. To this I can refer the reader.
Here is Walker’s description from the British Museum Lists, XV., p. 1654,
1858. The Latin diagnosis I can omit, since it merely translates the
English text :

“ Male.—Dark cinereous, brownish beneath. Thorax with black
bands. Abdomen brownish-cinereous, with high black dorsal crests,
tufted along each side, and with a large apical tuft. Forewings with
some whitish hairs here and there, with black undulating and denticulated
lines ; orbicular and reniform spots and a third hindward spot mostly
whitish; orbicular large, nearly round; reniform slightly excavated on
the outer side. Hind wings brownish-cinereous, with whitish ciliz.
Length of the body 7 lines ; of the wings 16 lines. This species much
resembles A. humame/is, but is sufficiently distinct. a. St. Martin’s Falls,
Albany River, Hudson’s Bay. Prese~ted by Dr. Barnston.”

Walker’s comparison with Acronycta hamamelis, though wide of the
mark, is only justified by the Acronycta-like gray of his ‘‘ type,” which
wanted all warm M/amestra-like reddish-brown tints. He calls a dark or
dusty fuscous-gray, a sordid stone-gray, “ brownish-gray.” There is not
the faintest resemblance to /zdens in his description, in which species the
orbicular is dark centred, and in which character Walker’s ‘“‘ type” agreed
with his description in being without dark centre merely somewhat paler,
more ‘‘whitish” than the wing. The type of crzst7/era was not rough and
powdery like /wbens, but nearly smooth. Could any sane entomologist
compare /ubens with hamamelis? I think not. There was no trace of
purple, yellow, bluish-gray, violet, carmine or reddish-brown in Walker’s

144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

‘‘ type,” and there is none in his description. The type I saw of cristifera
was evidently a male; what is the sex of the supposed “type,” the
specimen of Zubens ?

Walker’s descriptions, though inadequate throughout, do not ever
necessarily contradict his material. They generally vaguely agree, and
though inadequate for identification are often sufficient as to the colour
and markings of his specimens. With structure he was profoundly unac-
quainted in the Lepidoptera. But,while making every allowance possible,
I submit that he never could have drawn up his description of cristifera
from a specimen of Zzbens / It is’rather his weakness to exaggerate, by
not defining, small matters of shading in these sombre insects. He could
not have failed to note the centrally spotted orbicular, the ‘‘ creamy-
yellow” upright reniform, the distinctly outlined claviform, the red flush,
the blue-gray powderings, the yellowish subterminal line, the carmine tint
beneath of Zubens. Some trace of all these must have appeared in his
words. There is none at all! He had a slighter Po/a-like insect before
him, which I saw, but could not locate definitely in my brief study. This
specimen must in some way have become exchanged for a specimen of
Zubens, which may now stand there, but cannot in reason be considered
his “type” of cristifera. I pass over what I believe is the fact, that
Walker did not put the word “type” ona label attached to his specimens
and that therefore, in rearranging the material, a mistake might readily
occur. Were I to see his real “type” of cristifera, I should recognize it
at once. Error is not out of the question because /ubens is so strongly
marked, as Prof. Smith would have us believe. The ‘‘ error” is not as to
the species, but as to the specimen! Why does not Mr. Smith study the
British Museum Lists? Why adopt as infallible the testimony offered by
the fact that the specimens in place zozw in the British Museum are really
in every case Walker’s identical “types”? Is there no margin for error
here? It would seem that Prof. Smith has throughout adopted the
theory that the specimens shown him as Walker’s “ types” must and are
really always what they purport to be. Yet I have shown in this case
that it may not always be so. I can put aside the fact that it is very un-
likely that I should have been deceived in the case of so prominent a
species, which, as Prof. Smith says, ‘‘must have been familiar” to me.
Undoubtedly Zuzbens, Grt., was well known to me, known as long as most
of my moths. For a time, till 1875, I thought the species might be what
what was called “ drassice” in Europe. Is it not possible that this iden-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145

tical “type” of Walker’s was what he called drassice 2? I have not the
literature at the moment to refer to. It has no immediate bearing on my
conclusion, which is this, that the species I have named in American
collections Mamestra /ubens must retain its name.

I do not belong to the school which would ignore the British Museum
Catalogue altogether. As much as any one I have worked out Walker’s
species and generally adopted his names when earlier. It is true I lose
more than any one else by Walker’s insufficient descriptions. I do not
object to this, for the reason that our main need is a stable nomenclature.
This latter cannot be established by the procedure of taking a specimen
as Walker’s “type” which does not answer his published description.
The real basis for our nomenclature is our literature. If Zubens is drop-
ped for cristifera, then this basis is fundamentally attacked. What is
called a “type” supersedes it. But labelling a specimen can never con-
stitute a publication. Walker’s text must conform always and in every
case sufficiently with his supposed ‘‘ type,” and at least not contradict it.
In this case the description does not conform and does contradict the
assumption of Mr. Butler. There may be other cases, but I have no
means to look into them. I am quite willing that Walker’s names should
be restored and credited to him as if he had fully described his material.
That so many of my species should be thus drawn in, is certainly no fault
of mine. The labour of comparing Walker’s ‘“ types ” is no greater than
than that of determining any other lot of specimens ; but the labour used
in trying to make out his descriptions will in almost every case be always
in vain. After I had satisfied myself of this in 1868, I ceased to trouble

myself to look through the Catalogues for a possible identification, which,
~ in the best case, would be a doubtful one. It was much better to write
recognizable descriptions of our Noctuide and run the risk with Mr.
Walker. And when all is restored that can be restored to Mr. Walker, it
may, I think, be said of my work with justice, that at a time when we in
America had no names at all for our Owlet moths, I built up gradually a
nomenclature which, for the greatest part, will endure.

Two other points remain to be elucidated. I am persistently credited
by Prof. Smith with the description of /orea under the name dodge. I have
not the literature, but my me nory is that I never described such a species,
but that Mr. Morrison did. The last point relates to the type of ferrealis.
I received this from Morrison’s late Montana collections. It is very

146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

distinct from MW. stricta (ferrea), and J think the type must now be with
Mr. Neumoegen. It should be easily recognized. Prof. Smith has seen
the types and recognizes the validity of twenty-nine (29) species of N. Am.
Mamestra described by me. There remains then /zdens to be reinstated
and ferrealis to be again recognized, making thirty-one in all, I have
lost four others through comparisons with Mr. Walker’s “types.”

FOLDED WINGS IN FCENUS.
BY WMt HAMPTON PATTON.

Aside from the wasps distinguished by their folded wings (D1pPLop-
TERA) and the Chalcidian genus Zeucospis, there is no record, unless of
distant date, of any Hymenopterous insect having the wings folded. In
Coptera the ‘‘ longitudinal fold” described by Say is in reality a pleat or
ridge : the wings, as I have repeatedly observed in the living insect, being
laid flat upon the back and never folded.

I can, however, add from personal observation the Evaniad genus
Fenus, in which I have uniformly found the wings folded in a manner
homologous to that of the hornets and Leucospis (2. ¢., longitudinally
through the middle, the fold crossing the median transverse vein and the
two recurrents, the*posterior half of the wing falling under the anterior
half).

The position of the wing-fold is one of great morphological signifi-
cance, as it indicates the line of separation between the two systems of
veins in insect wings. The discovery of this fold in Evaniade proves
the recently discovered relationship between these insects and the
Diplopteryga.

On the eighth of May, 1879, at Waterbury, Conn., I bred a female
specimen (of the common small species of /@nus) from a larva found in
the pith of a dead sumach twig in the preceding month. As no descrip-
tion of the larva of this genus exists, it is doubtful whether the larva

found was that belonging to the Hymenopteron or was that of its host,
The larva was apodous, of a very slight purple shade, and covered with
fine down. There was no cocoon. The pupa is gray, the cast skin
almost white, showing the peculiar features of the genus Hwnys.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147

BOOK NOTICE.

MISCELLANEOUS ENTOMOLOGICAL PAPERS. By F. M. WEBSTER:
Feb., 1894.

We have just received a neat pamphlet of 59 pages, which forms
Bulletin 51 of the Ohio Agricuitural Experiment Station. It is by Prof.
F. M. Webster, and, like all his work, shows careful preparation.

The insects treated of in the first part are:—The Asparagus Beetle,
the Western Corn Root-worm, the Broad-striped Flea-beetle, Blister
Beetles, the Basket Worm, the Cabbage Aphis and the Apple-leaf Louse.

An interesting account of the insects which have been introduced
into the State is given under the head of “Some Insect Immigrants in
Ohio.” There appear to have been two great highways which insects im-
ported from Europe have followed: those which have entered the State
at its north-eastern corner and spread westward, and those from Southern
Europe which have generally entered by the way of the Ohio Valley and
have a more or less restricted northern distribution.

In the article “Insect Foes of American Cereals” the writer is evi-
dently dealing with a subject of which he has made a special study. By
patient observation and the application of practical common sense, Prof.
Webster has made some important discoveries in Economic Entomology.
Not the least of these is the fact recorded in this pamphlet that the
Apple Aphis passes part of the year as an injurious enemy on wheat. In
fact Mr. Webster says: “So far as my observations go, it is more detri-
mental to the wheat than to the apple.” This is an important discovery,
and will doubtless draw the attention of entomologists to this important
' subject of the “ Alternation of Generations ” among the Aphides—a line
of investigation which has engaged much of the time of Messrs. Riley and
Howard at Washington. Speaking of remedies, Prof. Webster says:
‘Tt would appear almost visionary to advocate spraying apple orchards
with kerosene emulsion in mid-winter to protect the wheat crop, but
nevertheless one of the most serious enemies of young fall wheat passes
its egg stage on the twigs of the apple during the winter season. I refer
to the Apple-leaf Louse, 4pA7s mali, Fab.”

“Soon after the young wheat plants appear in the fall the winged |
viviparous females of this species flock to the fields, and on these give
birth to their young, which at once make their way to the roots, where
they continue reproduction, sapping the life from the young plants—

148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

* * * * though they are seldom killed outright, these infested plants
cease to grow, and later take on a sickly look, and not until the Aphis
abandons them in the autumn to return to the apple, do they show any
amount of vigour. It is very seldom that the affected plants fully recover
at least in autumn ; and the result must be to reduce their productiveness
the following year.” The eggs of the Apple-leaf Aphis are deposited on
the twigs and limbs of apple trees late in the autumn ; these do not hatch
until the following spring ; the plant-lice remain on the apple trees for two
or three generations, when winged females are produced, which fly to
grasses and weeds and there pass the summer. After the young wheat is
up in the autumn, the lice congregate on the plants and reproduce
rapidly.

The above is briefly the life-history of this insect in Ohio as worked
out by Prof. Webster by careful experiments, which are detailed in the
Bulletin. At Ottawa this probably may also, to a large extent, be the
case ; but the Aphis is also sometimes abundant on young apple trees
right through the season. It is, however, seldom injuriously abundant in
Ontario, although in British Columbia it is to-day one of the most serious
enemies of the apple grower.

Professor Webster’s papers will doubtless cause many other entomo-
logists to study this insect more closely, when it is probable that further
discoveries will be made, perhaps not less interesting than that now
discussed. dts

CORRESPONDENCE.
BELLURA DIFFUSA.

Sir,—In Dr. Smith’s catalogue of the Lepidopterous superfamily
Noctuidz, found in Boreal America, on page 181, under Bellura diffusa,
Grote: he states, ‘‘ I have not seen the type of this species.” In the
March No. of Can. Ent., Vol. 26, p. 85, referring to that statement, Mr.
Grote says, ‘‘ Where my type is now I cannot for the moment recollect.
It seems not to be in the British Museum.” When Mr. Grote, then of
Buffalo, identified,my specimen, he expressed pleasure at seeing the
species again, remarking that he had not seen it since he had first named
it; which I understood from what he said was about a year previously,
indicating that it was not then in his collection. And the impression left
on my mind from his conversation was, that he had seen but one-
specimen before, and that he had returned it after naming it. All this is
distinctly impressed upon my memory, right or wrong, and my stating it
may assist Mr. Grote in recalling the transaction, and give him a clue to
where the type is now to be looked for. J. Atston Morrat.

Mailed May 3rd.

die mein bate

VOL. XXXVI. LONDON, esha 1894. No. 6.

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.
BY H, F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
1. THE CICINDELIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.

[The following is the first of a series of papers which Mr. Wickham
is specially preparing for this magazine. It is intended that they should
treat of all the more conspicuous families of Coleoptera and present in
tabular form the genera and species that are found in the Provinces of
Ontario and Quebec; a descriptive list will also be given of the species,
so far as known, that are to be found in the other provinces of the
Dominion of Canada. The object in view is to assist collectors who
have hitherto been unable, from the want of books or other causes, to
identify the beetles they have caught, and to encourage them in the study
of this most interesting order of insects. As many illustrations as pos-
sible will be given, and every effort will be made to render the papers
thoroughly helpful to those who make use of them. It is hoped, also,
that the aid thus given will lead on many of our younger readers to
become students of Entomology, rather than mere collectors. The
bibliography at the end of each paper will be of service to those who
are not content to remain “ beginners.”—Ep. C. E. |

The beetles of this family are among the first to attract the attention
‘of the collector. Their graceful forms, bright colours, and activity dis-
played in the pursuit of their prey, on sunny banks or roadsides, render”
them at once objects of interest and beauty; as much on this account as’
because of their generally conceded position as the highest of Colehy:
tera, they are given the first place in this series of articles. .

For our purpose the Cicindelide may be defined as predaceous
ground-beetles, with eleven-jointed filiform antennz, which are borne on
the front above the base of the mandibles. Two genera are represented -
in the Dominion of Canada, one of which, Omzs, is confined to the”
Pacific provinces. It is distinguishable from Cicindela by having small
eyes and separate posterior cox, while in the latter genus the eyes are
large and prominent and the posterior coxze contiguous.

150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The larva of Cicindela (fig. 11, C. vulgaris) is a somewhat
elongate, whitish grub, with a broad, metallic coloured head and
prothorax, and a large hump, bearing two hooks, on the fifth
abdominal segment. They excavate holes in sunny spots and
lie in wait for prey, with the head closing up the mouth of the
burrow; when an insect comes within reach it is seized
by the long jaws of the larva and the juices extracted. I am now
rearing larve of C. Zimbalis, Klug, which I dug from holes in a
clay bank on the fifteenth of April. They are easily kept in little tin
boxes with damp earth, and feed readily on soft-bodied larvz of wood-
borers. The pupa is figured by Letzner * and is represented as bearing
on the fifth abdominal dorsal, two long spines corresponding to the
hooks on the same segment in the larva.

The perfect insects are to be found in all parts of North America
south of the sixtieth paratlel, or at least extend very nearly that far
north, though more numerous in warm climates. The colours are
usually metallic, the elytra more or less spotted and banded with white.
When these markings are of the style shown in the figure of C. Airticol/ts
(fig. 16) they are said to be complete; if, as is sometimes the case, they are
reduced to partial obliteration or breaking up of these bands, they are
called izcomplete. The curved mark on the shoulder is known as the
humeral lunule, the one at the tip the apical lunule, while the long bent
mark extending nearly across the middle is called the median band. An
important character, which is to be used in assigning species to their
proper places in the table, is to be found in the labrum or upper lip; in
most of our species it is short, but in C. /ongilabris it is very long. The
free edge is variously toothed in the Canadian species. ‘The legs furnish
no characters that we can employ with profit, but it will be noticed that
the males have three joints of the anterior tarsi dilated and silky
pubescent beneath, the middle tibiz being pubescent on the outer side.

Of the twelve tiger-beetles reported from Ontario and Quebec, the
following five are considered varietal forms only :—C. Lecontei figures as
a variety of scutellaris, limbalis and splendida both belong to pur-
purea, generosa is an Eastern form of formosa, and 12-guttata is subordi-
nate to repanda, being simply a variety in which the bands are broken
up. The variety of Jongilabris, which is called perviridis, is known from
Newfoundland, but I think not from the provinces which are directly the

Fig. 11.

* Zeitschr. f, Entom. Breslau, 1848, Taf. on tc, campestris. ) he

Ti CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 151

subject of this paper. They may be separated among themselves as
follows, though occasionally forms will be found which intergrade
between varieties to such an extent as to render it difficult to place them
correctly from description alone. The arrangement followed ts practically
that of Schaupp, with such additions and alterations as were rendered
possible or convenient by the smailer number of species here treated.
CICINDELA, Linn.
A. Labrum very long, one-toothed. Thorax flattened, trapezoidal.
Dull brown or black above, front of head excavated. Elytra
distinctly punctate, usually with a slightly bent, nearly trans-
verse median band, and three spots on or near the margin

which is not bordered with white..........ongilabris, Say.
Green above and beneath, humeral lunule
completes.ts. ciel: Dial dy oh eae tein PEF UIFIALS,. Snapp:

B. Labrum short or aaly pageiers tly long. Thorax not greatly flattened,
quadrate or trapezoidal.

b. Thorax much narrowed behind; colours usually bright, either
purplish, green, blue or coppery. Markings often very
much reduced or incomplete.

c. Elytra without well-defined median band.

Markings marginal only, colour purplish-coppery, elytra
indistinctly Sop td front of head — sparsely
pilose. . ie ee . . Lecontei, Hald.
Wadnes canecane fat amall kha. or golden dots,
usually marginal only, but discal ones are often present.
Colour bright green. Elytra distinctly punctured, front
of head not pilose.. ower a kan hs, ee SEM RILIGLE,, Ba

cc. Elytra with median antl geet Front of head pilose.
Thorax and elytra coppery or greenish coppery, margin
green. Body beneath bluish-green. purpurea, Ol.
Thorax and Sas ee body beneath

blue: - oe apes .. limbalis, Lec.
anaes green or ine: ees coppery, body beneath
green or blue.. ee ah mn «+ 1 eS PLMOIOd. EVEN Z

bb. Thorax slightly or not at a awewea Helin Colours sober,
brownish with white markings which are usually complete.

d. Markings complete, very broad, connected at margin. Body
very hairy, labrum three-toothed. Humeral lunule ob-

lique posteriorly. . ies y REA hee BEML OSE, DEI.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

dd. Markings narrower, complete or incomplete. Humeral lunule

with the posterior extremity much prolonged backward
and but little curved. Labrum three-
toothedti. sailineaemtent 3. Skee see rman
Humeral lunule with the posterior portion incurved ;
marginal white line not extending quite to this lunule.
Markings complete, not broken. Labrum
one-tootheds? “0 g.32 cee eae Pepengas er
Humeral and other markings broken up. . 72-gut/ata, Dej.
Humeral lunule with the posterior portion very suddenly
turned inwards, at right angles to the suture or nearly
so. Marginal white line connected with humeral
Value. cyeitarecs: ers fecie nee wuts EFLICOILIS SAN,

bbb. Thorax subcylindrical. Markings almost absent. Slender, black,

Fig. 12.

shining, a row of large greenish fovee near the suture.
Apical lunule complete, the other markings usually very

much broken or wanting. Labrum one-
oathied ssc h 3Rr a Saeed punctulata, Fab.

Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16.

We offer figures of several species, as follows :—Cicindela sexguttata

(fig. 12), C. purpurea (fig. 13), C. generosa (fig. 14), C. vulgaris (fig. 15),

and C. hirticollis (fig. 16).

By request of the Editor, a list of other species and varieties reported
from the Dominion is subjoined, with localities. They are not included
in the table because they are not known from Old Canada, and our

knowledge of the fauna of the great region north of the forty-ninth
parallel and west of the ninety-fifth meridian is too limited to permit of
a synoptic treatment of any completeness. For several unpublished

records I am indebted to the kindness of Mr. Harrington and Mr.
Fletcher, who sent me lists of the species contained in their collections,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153

The species are :—

Omus dejeanii, Reiche. B. C., Van. Isl. A large back insect, 18 to
20 mm. in length, the elytra marked with rather deep, irregular fovee.

O. Audouinii, Reiche. B. C., Van. Isl. Resembles the preceding,
but the size is less (13 to 18 mm.) and the elytra simply irregularly
punctate. The species of Omus do not resemble Cicindela in appearance,
but approach rather the Carabidz, from which they may be easily
separated by the antennal characters.

Cicindela longilabris, var. montana, Lec. Resembles J/ongilabris
proper, but is black, shining, smoother, the markings absent or only a
slender median band present. Has been found in the Northwest Terri-
tory. J. B. Tyrrell (teste Harrington).

C. scutellaris, var. unicelor, Dej. Like Lecontez, but green or blue,
without marks of any kind. Taken by J. B. Tyrrell in the Northwest
Territory.

C. sexguttata, var. patruela, Dej B. C., Rev. Geo. W. Taylor. This
is a variety of sexguttata in which the middle band is more or less
distinct.

C. purpurea, var. decem-notata, Say. This is a form in which the
middle band is more deflexed than in typical purpurea. The elytra are
ordinarily ornamented also with four white dots. B.C. (teste Leconte).

C. formosa, Say. Fort McLeod (teste Fletcher), also in N. W. T.
This is like geverosa, but the ground colour is reddish cupreous instead
of brown.

C. hyperborea, Lec. Methy Portage, H. B. T. (teste Leconte),
I have never seen this species. It is rather small (12 mm.) reddish
‘cupreous_ with markings somewhat resembling vz/garis, but the
hinder portion of the median band is straight instead of being curved.

C. vulgaris, var. vibex, Horn, Vane. Isl., Rev. G. W. Taylor (teste
Harrington). A green variety of vudgaris in which the median band
does not reach the margin.

C. oregona, Lec. A variety of refanda, brownish-bronze or olive,
middle band not dilated on the margin. White dots large, lunules
interrupted. B.C., Van. Isl.

C. pusilla, Say. Wudson’s Bay Terr. (teste Schaupp). A small
black species, (12 mm.) blue or greenish beneath, with tibize pale at base,
labrum three-toothed. Elytra with faint basal and apical lunule and
recurved median band extended on margin. All but the marginal part
of this band is sometimes wanting. Unknown to me.

154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

C. pusilla, var. terricola, Say. Black beneath, differs from typical
form in having oblique punctures on the elytra, the anterior margin of
each puncture being the higher. Hudson’s Bay Terr. (teste Schaupp).

C. cinctipennis, var. imperfecta, Lec. A small species, 11 to 12.5
mm., brown above, the elytra with a long humeral lunule, which is
usually connected with the median band. The median band does not
touch the margin and its outer part is sometimes connected with the
apical as well as the humeral lunule. B. C., A. J. Hill (teste Harrington).

C. lepida, Dej. Elytra white with a few green or .bronzed lines.
Anus testaceous, labrum one-toothed. Northwest Territory (teste
Harrington).

It is to be hoped that the readers of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,
who have the opportunity to add other species to the lists of beetles of
the Dominion, will take care to see that the records of their captures are
published, as only in this way can faunal papers be made complete.
Personally, I should be very glad to see any Cicindelas which appear not
to come under the species mentioned in this article, whether in duplicate
or otherwise. ‘To those who wish to pursue the study further, the follow-
ing works are recommended as containing nearly all that is known on the
Cicindelide of North America :—

1818. Say, Thos. A monograph of the North American insects of the
genus Cicindela. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., N.S., I., 401-426. Reprinted
in Leconte’s Edition of the Complete Writings of Thos. Say, Vol. IL., pp.
415-435, Boston, n. d.

1856. Leconte. John L. Revision of the Cicindele of the United
States. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc., 2nd Ser. XI., pp. 27-62, Pl. I.

1876. Horn, Geo. H. ‘The sexual characters of North American.
Cicindelide, with notes on some groups of Cicindela. Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., V., pp. 232-240.

1878. Horn, Geo. H. Descriptions of the larve of the North
American genera of Cicindelide * * * Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., VIL,
pp. 28-37, Pl. IL.

1878. Schaupp, F. G. On the Cicindelide of the United States.
Bull. Bklyn. Ento. Soc., L, pp. 11-14, with a plate.

1883. Schaupp, F. G. Synoptic tables of Coleoptera. Cicindelidze.
Bulletin Brooklyn Ento. Soc., VI., 73-108, Pl. 1-5. This is the latest
work on the subject, and gives descriptions, with coloured figures, of all
species and varieties known from North America.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 155

THE BUTTERFLIES OF LAGGAN, N. W. T.; ACCOUNT OF
CERTAIN SPECIES INHABITING THE ROCKY
MOUNTAINS IN LATITUDE 57° 25’.

BY THOMAS E. BEAN, LAGGAN, ALBERTA.

(Continued from page 149, Vol. 25.)

ARGYNNIS APHIRAPE, VAR. OSSIANUS, HERBST.

My local material allied to the European Aphirape consists of 22
males, 11 females. ‘These have been studied in comparison with 3 ¢, 1
Q typical Aphirape from Germany, 2 ¢ 2 2 Aphirape var. Ossianus
from Northern Finland, 1 ¢ Ossianus from Sweden, 1 ¢ 1 9 Aphirape
var. Zriclaris from Labrador, and 3 ¢ 1 Q TZyriclaris collected by Mr.
H. K. Morrison in southern Colorado. In the local series the following
relationships are displayed:—Oue male is 77ic/aris, agreeing closely on
upper surface with the Colorado males, but on the under side nearer to
the singe Labrador male. Five males and four females are Aphirape
var. Ossianus. The remaining 16 males and 7 females are of an inter-
grade type, combining features of Osszanus and TZriclaris. On under
side these compare closely with my Labrador pair of Zriclaris, having
the spots of secondaries mainly surfaced in nacre and very conspicuous.
On upper side, however, they are distinctively of the Osszanus type.

Triclaris is by some authors considered a distinct species. The
examination I have now made results adversely to that view. As above
shown, the Laggan material contains over 25 per cent. of examples which
are formal Ossianus, with about 75 per cent. of specimens combining the
character of Osséanus upper surface with an extreme degree of Zrzclaris
quality below. In order to make a reasonable plea for the distinctness
of Triclaris from Aphirape, it would be requisite to prove that Osszanus
and Aphirape in the European fauna are mutually independent. For
Ossianus certainly is a resident in the bogs of Laggan, and just as surely
the Laggan intergrade series identifies Zriclaris with Ossianus.

In the Laggan series appears nothing very close to typical Aphirage.
In fact, 75 per cent. of the Laggan occurrence is at the farthest point of
separation from Aphirape. ;

Triclaris of Colorado is the North American form nearest to typical
Aphirape, which it greatly resembles on upper side, and the Laggan form
as markedly resembles Ossianus. It is also worthy of special note that
in Zri¢laris of Colorado, as in typical Apfzrape, the colour-pattern is

156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

emphatically differentiated for sex ; while in the Laggan occurrence, as also
in Osstanus of Europe, the sexes differ but slightly in appearance.

Osstanus flies at Laggan during July, or in forward seasons makes its
appearance the last week of June. My earliest date for the male is June
22 (in 1888, an early season). It is found at altitudes from 4,900 to
5,600 feet, usually in marshy places. It is not common anywhere in the
district, but occurs more freely than elsewhere in two subalpine bogs
about a mile south of Laggan, at 5,400 and 5,500 feet. I have taken the
female at Stephen, B. C., (5,290 feet), and the male at Emerald Lake
(5,600 feet). At Emerald Lake occurred also the single instance of formal
Triclaris previously mentioned.

A METHOD OF SECURING MOTHS’ EGGS.
BY JOHN B. LEMBERT, YO SEMITE, CAL.

A practical way of procuring moths’ eggs came under my observation
last season and the season before, throughan Arctia ornata 2 that I sent
to Mr. Dyar while he was in Portland, Oregon.

When I take an Arctia ornata 2, and she is ready to lay eggs, the
moment she shows signs of being stupefied in the Cyanide bottle I take
her out, close the wings over her back, and place her in a paper envelope ;
as soon as she revives, she will commence to scratch the paper with her
legs ; I then shake the envelope, and if she has given up some eggs, I
take them out, give her another dose of Cyanide fumes, and when she
revives a second time I have found as many as 125 eggs in the paper.
After she has given up this quantity the ? usually dies, even when left
to her own ways and means, and I have found them dead as perfect as
when they had just issued and were alive.

Euchaetes sciurus, Arctia rufula and Spilosoma vestalis will give
up eggs in this way also, and die like Ornata.

A Lepisesia Clarkia 2 has given up an egg in the Cyanide bottle,
but as it is so easily killed by the Cyanide fumes, I never tried to get
eggs from it in that manner.

Of butterflies, the Co/ias Behrii 2’s have given up one and two eggs
at a time in this way. The method can no doubt be improved on, and,
by careful manipulation, the eggs of a great number of butterflies can be
obtained in a short time by those intending to rear larvee, and where the
food-plant is known it will make work so much easier for the entomologist.

I my remark, also, that in atube the eggs of Sfz/osoma vestadis, with-
out the aid of any plant moisture, take about three weeks to hatch, as do
also those of Avctia ornata, if not longer.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157

NEW CYNIPIDAE.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.

Ruopites, Hartig
R. AREFACTUS, 7. sp.

The galls are dense, corky enlargements of small shoots, usually close
to the stem from which the shoot arises, and the shoot is usually dead
beyond the gall when the latter is mature. The galls are irregular in
shape, vary from one-half to seven-eights of an inch in diameter, and are
polythalamous. ‘The surface is of a rusty colour, is finely wrinkled, and
reminds me of dried fruit. The surface appears dry and hard, but it is
easily dented with the finger-nail and is always free from spines.

Described from eighteen galls collected in March in the vicinity of
Fort Collins, Colorado. Galls brought into the laboratory March 7th,
began giving flies March 23rd.

Gall-flies. —Females—General colour, cinnamon-rufous ; head entirely
rufous, except a blackish area between either compound eye and the
mouth ; under a power of 60 diameters the lower face appears rather
coarsely wrinkled, the wrinkles converging towards the mouth, the upper
face, vertex and occiput very finely rugose ; the face sparsely set with a
short gray pubescense ; antennz short, the first three joints, and some-
times the base of the third, rufous, the remaining joints black ; number of
joints, 14. Zhorax, rufous above, with a black suture separating the
mesothorax and scutellum, parapsidal grooves entire, broad, moderately
deep, well separated at the scutellum, and with numerous elevated lines
crossing them ; median groove distinct and extending well forward. The
‘surface of the thorax is finely rugose, and, in a proper light, shows
numerous punctures, each puncture bearing a short yellowish hair.
Scutellum, coarsely wrinkled near the margin, and less coarsely wrinkled
on the central portion, which is considerably elevated, transverse groove
at base, colour rufous. Mesopleura, except spot just beneath the wings,
rufous, sutures, metathorax and sternum black or blackish ; efitire pleura
rugose. Abdomen rufous, with venter and posterior half of dorsum
blackish, all abdominal segments covered with a microscopic network of
impressed lines, most prominent on the terminal segments. Wings but
little smoky, radial area not at all closed along the costal margin, areolet
distinct and rather small. ¢e¢, including the coxe, entirely rufous, the
claws only being black, Length, from 314 to 4144 mm,

158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Described from twenty-one specimens bred from the galls.

Males—Three to three and one-half mm. in length, black, feet more
reddish in colour than in the females, bases of the cox black, antennz
black throughout ; otherwise like the females,

Described from forty-two bred specimens.

There is one male among those reared that has the rufous marking of
the female on head, antenne and thorax.

This species resembles very closely Rhodites multispinosa, Gill, but
the galls are very different.

R. NEGLECTA, 2. Sp.

The gall is an abrupt, corky enlargement of a small stem, and con-
tains numerous larval cells. The gall measures 15 mm. in breadth by
18 mm. in length, and is very smooth on the exterior.

Described from a single gall taken at Manitou, Colorado, May 8, 1892.
The flies emerged on the 17th of the same month.

I have long known what I suppose to be the same gall in Michigan
and Iowa, but never before succeeded in getting the gall-makers from
them.

Gall-fly —Female—/Zead black, except a little rufous upon the vertex
and clypeus; face rather coarsely rugose, vertex and occiput finely
rugose ; antenne entirely black and 14-jointed. Zhorax entirely black,
parapsidal grooves well defined and broadened anteriorly, median groove
traceable but a short distance from the scutellum. Surface of the meso-
thorax shining, but under a low power of the microscope is seen to have
a fine network of impressed lines and numerous shallow punctures over
the entire surface; from each puncture arises a small yellowish hair.
Scutellum black, slightly rufous on middle of disk, coarsely rugose about
margin, less coarsely on the central raised portion. Pleure and meso-
thorax black and coarsely to finely rugose, most finely on the central por-
tion of the mesopleurz beneath the forewings. | Abdomen black, except
sides of second segment near the base, the seventh segment and the
anterior portion of the venter. All the surface of the abdomen is covered
with a network of microscopic impressed lines. Wngs slightly smoky,
radial area not at all closed along the costal margin. Jet rufous, except
cox, which are blackish. Length, 214 to 3 mm.

Described from two bred females,

THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159

Male—Except feet, entirely black; length, 244 mm. ; otherwise like
females.
Described from one bred specimen.

R. FULGENS, 7. Sp.

Gall unknown.

_Gall-flies.—All females, measuring from 234 to 4 mm. in length;
general colour, rufous. ead, dark rufous, beneath the eyes and back of
the eyes at the sides of the vertex washed with blackish ; in small indi-
viduals the head is darker in colour, in some entirely black, with the excep-
tion of a narrow streak in the middle of the face ; there is also, in every
case but one, some rufous colouring upon the genz. Lower face rather
coarsely rugose, vertex and occiput finely rugose, ocelli and compound
eyes whitish, in one case red, in no case black ; antennz 14-jointed, the
first three joints rufous, the remainder black. Zhorax, rufous quite dark
in the small individuals, parapsidal and median grooves well defined, all
extending to the collar ; ridges outside the parapsidal grooves and between
these and the median groove smooth and shining and sparsely punctured.
Under a power of 60 diameters these smooth polished portions are seen
to have the .fine network of impressed lines which is so constant in this
genus. Scutellum coarsely rugose towards the border, where it is blackish,
more finely rufous on the raised central portion ; no fove, but the usual
transverse groove. Metathorax, a patch on mesopleura beneath the wings,
and sternum black ; in small specimens the whole mesopleura is black,
except a shining rufous spot beneath the wings, entire pleure finely to
coarsely rugose. Abdomen rufous, somewhat blackish on dorsum and
venter, all the segments covered with the network of impressed lines, but
they are too fine to be seen with a low power on the sides of the second
segment. Wengs slightly and evenly smoky, nervures slender, with no
cloudiness surrounding them, brown in colour, the heaviest not being
black, areolet medium, radical cell not at all closed along the costal
margin. ef, including coxe, entirely rufous, in the smallest and darkest
individuals the coxze somewhat blackish at base.

Described from 17 flies sent me by Prof. J. M. Aldrich, from S. Dakota,
and 11 flies bred in this laboratory. The galls in both cases have been
lost or confused with others. The flies are at once separated from
R. multispinosa, R. arefactus, and what I suppose to be Riley’s R&. tuder-
culator, which they much resemble, by the polished mesothorax and the
greatly developed median groove.

160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

WASHINGTON PHALANGIDA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A
NEW SOUTHERN LIOBUNUM.

BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N. Y.

During the past few years Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia, Washing-
ton State, has kindly sent me many interesting arachnids from that region.
Among them quite a number of phalangids, some of which have been
described, others will be given in this paper. Previous to my descriptions
of Californian and Washington phalangids of last year, but one species
(Liobunum exilipes, Wood) was known from the Pacific region ; I have
described and recorded fifteen others. These, with the four new ones
described below, make a total of twenty ; probably as many more remain
to be described. To an Eastern student this fauna is very interesting
because of the number of peculiar forms not known in the Eastern States.
The families and genera may be separated by the following table :—

A compound claw to posterior tarsi, palpi
I very spiny. ...... See eR ne (Phalangodidee) Sclerobunus.
All tarsal claws simple. ............ een nee CAS er fara saveiie Samanel 2
Cae joint of palpus with a claw......... (Phalangidsa).., i jeascereen
ast igoint of palpusswithout-a iclaw...,.accdeee sss, amsee iaaiee eater eae ete 3
{ Palpi very short, coxse umited....... ss.c-ne: (Trogulidee) Dendrolasma.
| Palpi long, coxae separate......es0, ceseeerees (Nemastomide)...........4
(, Manaiplesmonger than DOdYy. Nascpsss sess case dares Sse cashes . Taracus.
\ Mandibles shorter than DOGY san costae carae haa aemjattia se adel cages caer camera
PAG: SHCTIGE Ra See mtb asi noa he wa \cs n'a Joa ypnn ae eaenme™ eateane ine cass LVemastoma.
Te JOINTS MMUCIE AWOMED .... 560.5 0s4,ae8 bere sama SE ADA Phlegmacera.

{ Femur I. longer than body, palpal claw denticulate, lateral pore

} ODIONY 5. seeeeececeeeseeeetter seeeee ceetttnereee erase etree teens -Liobunumn.
| Femur I. shorter than the body, palpal claw smooth, lateral

pore ‘nearly CiIneUla ge eect cbs -medseres soe vain ee taamamneneeniaats «ke inne 7
Eye-tubercle and anterior margin of cephalothorax

7} SP UDG Gens ots 610 od va seeerts RMU Vis a oie eke ot se Mae Raia aie Lfomolophus.

Eye-tubercle and anterior margin smooth,.........6.-seeee- Leptobunus.

ScLeRopuNus, Banks. .
Both species of this genus occur in the State.
Colour redsstips, of legs) black isc cravat decane os 1 te ceneky see. LOOUStUS,
Colour brown, tips of legs yellowish.....sscese.se seseee eeeeere DFUNRNCUS.

Sclerobunus robustus, Pack.
Phalangodes robusta, Pack. The Cave Fauna of North America, 1888,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 161

This species is quite common from Colorado north-westward to the
Pacific.

Sclerobunus brunneus, Banks. ‘Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. 1893.

This is not uncommon near Olvmpia.

TARACUS, Simon.
Taracus pallipes, 0. sp.

Length of body, 6 mm. ; mandibles, 9 mm.

Colour—Cephalothorax pale, with a broad, black, median stripe, as
wide as the base of the mandibles ; abdomen dark gray above with black
spots ; venter pale, darker near tip; legs pale, except tarsi, which are
mostly black ; mandibles black ; palpi pale, except last joint, which is
dark brown.

Cephalothorax smooth, with a prominent median spine behind the
eye-tubercle, the latter with several small projections, each tipped with a
hair ; anterior margin of cephalothorax strongly bi-emarginate. The dor-
sum of the abdomen has many conical tubercles of various sizes ; none,
however, large ; they are somewhat irregularly arranged in transverse
rows ; these tubercles are black, and have their base surrounded by a
black ring. Femur II. is as long as the basal joint of the mandibles,
which is equal to three-fourths of the body ; the femur of the palpus is
longer than the femur of leg I. and shorter than femur II. ; the last joint
of palpus is about one-fourth the length of the penultimate joint; the
basal joints of the mandibles have many small elevations, each bearing a hair.

Locality—Washington State, one male and one female.

This species is larger, much less spiny, and darker coloured than
T. spinosus; the mandibles slightiy longer and the legs more slender
than in that species. Some young specimens, one millimetre long, have
the mandibles much shorter than in the adult, thus plainly showing that
the genus has developed from forms with normal mandibles.
PHLEGMACERA, Packard.

Phlegmacera occidentalis, Banks. Psyche, Feb., 1894.

This species is quite frequent near Olympia.
NeEMasTOMA, Koch.

Nemastoma modesta, Banks. Psyche, Feb., 1894.

This is common in California and Washington.
DENDROLASMA, Banks.
Dendrolasma mirabilis, Banks. Psyche, Jan., 1894.

Uncommon ; I have but two specimens.

162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Liopunum, Koch
The three species known to me may be seyarated as follows, applying
especially to the males : |
Palpus with tibia, patella and tip of femur dark brown,
dorsum mostly ‘blaekish'.1175 2: Ga siecbekarns tacts scsi conte tee eee ee
Palpus and ‘dorsum paler.
Spinules on venter and coxee, trochanters brown, a brown

median stripe on Gorsumas.-sie~1 stents ws ontee sasaials »\se sn oa f @OCILOMEMEs
Only stiff black hairs on coxe and venter, trochanters pale,
a large cruciate mark on the abdomen), :... a0 <inetes'ssuee parvulum.

Liobunum pacificum, nov. sp.

Length, ¢ 4.2 mm.; femur I. 5.8 mm., tibia I. 4.5 mm., femur IV.
g mm., tibia IV. 6.8 mm. Dorsum, dirty white to gray, with a
broad median brown stripe above, which is nearly equal in width
throughout, barely wider at middle of abdomen ; two diverging white
stripes run from the eye-tubercle to the anterior margin of the cephalo-
thorax ; a few brown spots on each side of cephalothorax ; venter coxz
and palpi whitish ; legs dirty white, trochanters brown, patelle and tips
of femora and tibize light brown, tarsi brownish ; basal joint of mandibles
with a brown line above. Eye-tubercle moderate, with a few blunt pro-
cesses above. Palpus with spinules, largest on femur; none of the joints
have their angles prolonged ; tarsus nearly straight, as long as patella plus
tibia, claw with a few small teeth near base. Dorsum of abdomen granu-
late. Coxe, trochanters, sternum and ventral segments with spinules; a
white spine on inner tip of cox J. and II.; legs with short stiff hairs,
three or four false articulations in metatarsus I., none in tibia II.

? length, 7 mm., femur I. 6.2 mm. Similarto the ¢, but the brown
stripe is usually broken up into small patches on the cephalothorax, and
indistinct on the posterior half of the abdomen ; the spinules on the palpi
are smaller, and there are but three or four on each side of each ventral
segment.

Sometimes the legs are brownish and the dorsum suffused with brown.

Numerous specimens, ¢ and 2, from Olympia, Washington.
Liobunum exilipes, Wood.

Phalangium exilipes, Wood, Bull. Essex Institute, Vol. VI., p. 23.
This was described from California and Nevada; I have a number of
specimens which agree quite well with the description, but in most of
them there is a broad yellow band near the middle of the abdomen,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163

behind which the dorsum is much spotted; in front it is black, with a few
spots on each segment ; the patellee of tne legs are dark brown ; only ina
few specimens are the white lines in front of the eye-tubercle bent to form
a white margin ; the palpus has the tibia, patella and tip of femur black
only in the male.

Olympia, Washington, ¢ and °.

Liobunum parvulum, nov. sp.

Length, ¢ 4 mm.; femur I. 5 mm., tibia I. 4 mm, femur IV. 7 mm.,
tibia IV. 5.2 mm. Dorsum grayish, with a large spot on abdomen in the
form of a Greek cross, mostly brownish, but paler within, the truncate tip
reaching just beyond the middle of the abdomen; on the cephalothorax sev-
eral dark brown patches, more or less connected; no distinct lines from the
eye-tubercle to the anterior margin ; palpi whitish, with a brown line above
on patella and base of tibia ; venter, coxee and trochanters white ; legs pale,
with broad brown bands at tips of femora and tibize, less distinct ones on
middles of these joints; patelle brown, tarsi mostly blackish. Eye-tubercle
very low and smooth. Coxe, trochanters, venter, sternum, palpi and legs
with short stiff black hairs, no spinules, a white spine on inner tips of
cox I., II. and III. Several false articulations in metatarsus I., three or
four in tibia II. ‘Tibia of palpus straight, much longer than patella,
tarsus slightly curved ; about as long as tibia plus patella; claw with a few
fine teeth near base, none of the angles of the joints prolonged.

@ Length, 5 mm.; femur I. 4.2 mm. Similar to male; mandibles
slightly brownish, margin of abdomen deeper gray, ventral segments with
afew brown spots. The ovipositor is extruded; it is about haif as long as

body, cylindical and ringed, blackish in the middle.

Two males and one female, Olympia, Washington.

LEPTOBUNUS, Banks.

I have several specimens of a species belonging to this genus, but as
they are all young, I will not describe them.

Homo.opuus, Banks.

I would consider A@ztopus biceps, Thorell,as a Homolophus, though the
last joint of the palpus is longer than the two preceding; a better
character for the genus is the presence of the two prominent supra-mandi-
bular teeth. Mitopus, Thorell (of which JZ. Moro, Fab., was made the
type), differs from Oligolophus in having no spines to the femur of palpus.
O. montanus, Bks., would thus be a Mitopus. From Washington and

164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Idaho, I have another species of Homolophus, differing from AZ. biceps
in the longer body, more spinose character, and in coloration.

Homolophus punctatus, Nov. sp.

Length, ¢ 4 mm., breadth, 2 mm.; femur I. 2.6 mm., tibia I. 2.
mm., femur IV. 4 mm., tibia IV. 3 mm. Dorsum pale brownish, with
a great many small white spots and darker brown punctures ; eye-tubercle
with a broad white stripe above ; a bifid white stripe from eye-tubercle to
anterior margin; venter, sternum and cox whitish, stigmata and some
spots on the venter, brown ; trochanters white ; legs brownish, darker on
patelle and ends of tibize ; palpus with tibia, patella and most of femur
black, tarsus paler ; basal joint of mandibles brown above. Dorsum with
many spinules, a pair of elevations on anterior margin of cephalothorax
each bearing eight or ten small spines ; two rows of small spines above
on eye-tubercle ; two prominent white supra-mandibular teeth ; lateral
pore nearly circular ; no spinules on coxz except on sides near tip; a
white spine on inner tip of coxe I and II; sternum and venter smooth ;
legs with femora, patellze and tibiae quite stout, and with spinules ; a false
articulation in metatarsus I., none in tibia II.; palpus short, basal joints
very stout, with a few spinules and many short, stiff, black hairs ; tarsus
curved, not quite as long as tibia plus patella, with blunt spinules
beneath ; claw smooth.

9 length, 5 mm., breadth, 2.4 mm_ Similar to male, but the median
stripe is more distinct.

One ¢ Olympia, Washington ; one ? Bear, Idaho [L. M. Cockerell].

Liobunum flavum, nov. sp.

Length, ¢ 5.5 mm., breadth, 4 mm: ; femur 1.1.3 :mm., -tiloige
8 mm., femur IV. 17 mm., tibia lV. 12mm. Wholly yellow, an indistinct
trace of a brown vase-mark on abdomen, patellze of legs faintly brownish,
tarsi whitish ; cephalothorax with a few yellow-brown spots ; eyes black.
Dorsum hard, nearly coriaceous, covered with spinules; venter, sternum,
coxee, trochanters and femora with spinules, quite large on the coxz ;
cephalothorax broad ; eye-tubercle with a few spinuels ; a row of plates
on each side of each coxa; a spine on inner tips of coxe I., II. and IIL. ;
several false articulations in metatarsus I. and two or three in tibia II. ;
palpus slender, with a few spinules, tibia but little longer than patella,
tarsus curved, longer than tibia plus patella, claw with a few small teeth
near base.

? Length, 8 mm., femur IV. 13 mm. Similar to ¢, but a little more
browish, legs shorter and more reddish, fewer spinules on the venter,
body softer.

One 4, Shreveport, La. ; one 9, Harper’s Ferry, W. Va.

The appearance of this species is somewhat like Z. verrucosum, but
the trochanters are pale and there is no golden tinge. It is more closely
related to Z. ventricosum, but has longer and lighter legs, with a more
spinose body.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165

FLORIDA APHORURID.

[The following letter was communicated to me by Dr. Leonhard Ste}-
neger, U.S. National Museum, through Mr. E. A. Schwarz. It is of
particular interest, giving new localities for two species and adding one to
our faunal list. ALEx. D. MacGILiivray]| :—

During my sojourn in Florida, 1892-93, I happened to collect some
small insects, Collembola, of the family Lipuride. As I suppose very
little, if anything, is known about the representatives of this group from
that country, I presume every little contribution to the knowledge must be
of a certain interest, and I thus take the liberty of writing you this letter.
I have found three species, and my friend, Dr. H. Schott, who is a specialist
in this matter, has assisted me in classifying them. The first species is
the small white Zzpura* inermis, Tullberg, easily recognized as entirely
wanting anal spines (‘‘ spine anales”). It was known before this from
Sweden, Finland, Sumatra and California, and probably from Germany
and Italy. Thus it is widely distributed, but it must, anyhow, be very in-
teresting to have it ascertained from a place so far distant from the other
ones as Florida. In that State I found it twice. Both times it was
walking about on top of the water at the border of a small lake not far
from Clarhana, on the Orange Belt Railroad, in Orange county.

The second species is Anurida Tudlbergi, Schott. It isa good deal
larger and blackish with a faint blackish tint. Characteristics for this
species are that the “ organa postantennalia” show not less than 24-28
small rays or corpuscles (even called ‘‘tumors” and “ elevations,” but
I do not find those terms expressive). Till this time, strange to say, it is
only recorded from Sweden and Finland. I found it at the same place
and living together with Lipura inermis.

The third species is Anurida maritima, Laboulbene, with only 7-8
shorter and thicker corpuscles in the organa postantennalia and three of
the same kind in the tip of the antenne, which Dr. Schott calls antennal
organ. ‘This species is already known from the Swedish West Coast, Eng-
land, France and North America. I hardly think from Florida, though,
till I found it on Key West. When walking along the shore, turning over
stones in the water and looking for Blenniids and other fishes, ‘I suddenly,
under a piece of lime rock, not far from the hospital, found a great num-
ber of this little insect. It was high, or at least rising, tide, and they were

*T have changed this name to Aphorura, Lipura being preoccupied. See Can.
ENDS XOXO TOR ass eave

166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

collected in a hole on the inferior side of the stone, about one foot below
the surface of the water. WhenI turned the rock they floated on the
surface of the sea. A good many of these specimens were young and not
full grown.
Hoping these facts will be of some interest for you,
I have the honour to be,
Yours very respectfully,
Dr. EINAR LONNBERG,
Docent Zoology R. University, Upsala, Sweden,

NOTES ON THE NEURATION AND RELATIONSHIPS OF
PIERIDI AND ANTHOCHARIDI.
BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S.. LONDON, ENGLAND.
(Editor of the Aztomologist’s Record, Etc).

I little thought when I wrote my short note (azte, pp. 47-48) that the
American species of Anthocharidi were in such a muddle as Mr. Dyar
has quickly proved them to be. It will be very necessary to go much
further now with the question, and I would suggest that those who have
the opportunity should, during this season if possible, and next season if
it be now too late, examine critically and make drawings of the eggs, larve
and pupe of the Anthocharids in question and publish them in the Can-
ADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, where they can be examined by British workers and
compared with European species. Evidently, as the American species in
question are widely distributed, it will want a number of willing hands.

It must be very evident to all scientific lepidopterists that however
excellent a means of subdivision the neuration may present, yet it is only
one character of a great many that have to be considered. The neuration
I consider gives us a prima facie reason for certain groupings, and I have
but little doubt that the other stages of the insects’ life will in the main
substantiate the primary groups thus obtained.

The American species of the genus /ve77s seem to be very homo-
geneous and the genus fairly defined ; it will have to be left to American
specialists to determine the position of JVathadlis tole. (The true mem.
bers of Pieris have six subsegments in the larva).

The species creusa, sara, julia, Morrisoni and stedla would appear
to belong to Euch/oé, 7. ¢., they have the neuration (Ave, p. 47. fig. 3.) of
that genus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167

The neuration of Ausonides olympia, coloradensis, h yantis and creusa
is of a type differing from any British species, but falling intermediate
between Luchloé (where 6-9* are on a stalk) and Leucophasia (where
6-11* are on a stalk), since Mr. Dyar describes them as having 6-ro on a
stalk. It agrees, however, exactly with that of the European species ded7a
which I note as follows :—“It differs from Sue
Luchloé in as much as that part of the cell norm- 3 6
ally between the bases of 6 and 8 (agreeing
with my nomenclature, p. 47), is contracted to ZEEE
a point, and consequently 6 starts almost from Gan
base of 8 ; 10 also starts beyond the cell.” rh

would appear, therefore, that this group of —~—_————

AmericanAnthocharids will fall in generically Fig. 17.
ae ; ; Nomenclature following that
with dedia. The neuration of dedia may be Or AN My Dyan Be

figured thus (Fig. 17):

It.is evident that the primitive lepidopterous pupa was one which had
a considerable amount of free movement. Dr. Chapman, whose excellent
work on this subject should be read by all lepidopterists (Vide Trans.
Ent. Soc., Lon., 1893, Ent. Record, 1894, p. 25), has come to the con-
clusion that those pupz which are the most solidified and have the fewest
number of moveable segments are characteristic of the highest developed
species, so far as the term ‘‘highest” refers to the greatest amount of
differentiation which has been undergone from the primitive type. In
this particular it will be seen that if we take the white butterflies or
Pierine and consider the groups Preriai and Anthocharidi the latter are
much more specialised than the former, for, whilst most of the pupz of the
Pieridi have two moveable abdominal segments (5 & 6), when we
examine Euchloé cardamines and Leucophasia sinapis we find the move-
ment entirely gone and the pupa solid.

It is also worthy of note that this development of the pupa on which
Dr. Chapman relies so strongly is accompanied in these two groups, so
far as I have been able to learn, by an increased complexity of neuration,
caused, if I may say so, by a gradual atrophy of the discoidal cell, and so
gradual and continuous are the proofs of these developments that there
seems no real reason for the separation of the two groups which appear
to form a true and comprehensive whole. dl

The simplest form of neuration we get in our British species of white

168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST,

oe butterflies is that of Agorza which runs as
shewn in Fig. 18.

Pieris is also a very simple type. of neur-
ation (vide ate, p. 47, Fig. 2) where 9 is
Js absent and a nervure, which I prefer to call
™/, 8a, takes its place at apex.

The next step forward is to Euchioe
(ante, p. 47, Fig. 3), where nervure 8a of

ie ae Pieris and g of Aporia are both developed.
This is followed by the neuration of de//a (vide Fig. 17), above, where 6,
7, 8, 8a, 9 and ro all come from one stalk, 11 only
coming from the top of the cell. The highest point
of development in this direction is reached in
Leucophasia, Fig. 19.

I have also examined the exotic species, De/éas
eucharis, which comes nearest to Aporia (Fig. 18);
but lacks 10; and Zeracolus dane, which comes very
near Aporia, 7 coming, however, from apex of cell with 8.

It is very evident that there is plenty to do in these groups before we
can suppose we know anything about their real relationships, and that
even in the light of our present knowledge our generic arrangement is
sadly at fault. I can only hope that these off-hand observations made
on a few species, when working for other results, may lead to some
arrangement that does not upset the primary structural characters we
everywhere meet.

Fig. 10.

It may be here not out of place to say why I prefer my own system
of numbering the nervures. A completely typical butterfly may be ‘said
to possess 13 nervures (on forewing) ending on the margin of the wing.
Of these, all are rarely (probably never) present, but those that are must
have their representatives in the typical butterfly. No. 1, which ends at
anal angle, is always present. If, now, we look at a Papilio, we see 2, 3
and 4 coming from the base of the cell, 5 from its lower external point.
Now, I maintain that this last nervure, which is really a continuation of
the lower edge of the discoidal cell, should always be called by the same
number; hence, if we call it 5 in Papz/io, we should call it 5 in every other
butterfly, since it is structurally identical in all. Now, if we simply
number upwards, as is done by Mr. Dyar (p. 100), we should call this
nervure 4 in /verzs, because only two come from bottom of cell (3 being

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169

obsolete), thus destroying the analogy evidently existing between Pafilio
and /veris. As, therefore, (so far as I know), no butterfly has more than
12 nervures, and these nervures are not always analogous when numbered
straight on, and since it has been customary to call the costal nervure 12
and the two nervures usually arising from the top of the cell 10 and rr,
I have found it necessary to give the supplementary cell at apex of wing
another name, and I call it 8a. to prevent confusion. This is all I have
to offer as an excuse to those gentlemen whose susceptibilities I may have
offended by my vagary. Iam very sorry, but at present I cannot even
promise not to offend again.
“Rayleigh Villa,” Westcombe Hill, S. E, April 13th, 1894.

NEW SPECIES OF NOTHOCHRYSA.
BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

Since 1861, the date of Hagen’s Synopsis, only three additional
species of Chrysopide have been recorded from the United States—one
from Florida, one from Texas and one from California. During the past
summer I received a short note from Mr. A. P. Morse, of Wellesley,
Mass., enclosing a few specimens of Chrysopide which he thought might
prove new to our collection. When the specimens were studied they
were found to belong to the genus Mothochrysa and probably new.
Upon communicating this fact to him he requested me to describe the
species and sent all his material, together with some other miscel-
laneous Chrysopidz, among which was found another new species of
Nothochrysa. The collection also contained specimens of Chrysopa
upsilon, Fitch, and Chrysopa chi, Fitch ; the latter was unknown to Dr.
Hagen when he wrote his Synopsis, and is apparently rare.

. The American species of Mothochrysa can be separated by means of
the following table :—

A. Antenne with the second segment annulated with

DCA 262 ae os Se eked A Spree ee annulata.

A. A. Antennz with the second segment not annulated with black.
B. Antennz white, prothorax green, size large.......shantasma.
B. B. Antenne and prothorax black, size small ........ californica.

Nothochrysa annulata, sp. nov.—Antenne nearly or quite as long as
the wings, basal segment white, immaculate, second segment ringed with
biack, remaining segments yellowish ; head ferruginous, marked with
black, as follows ; Six dots on the vertex, one at each corner of an imagin-

170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ary square and one behind each eye, an O-shaped mark surrounding the
base of the antenne, broadest below, interrupted above; a spot between the
antennee, a crescent-shaped mark on the cheeks below the eyes, its anterior
horn coalescing with the circle around the antenne, and the apex of the
palpi; the clypeus slighty emarginate ; prothorax greenish-yellow, longer
than broad, suddenly narrowed in front just before the middle, sides
parallel behind the middle, a black dot at each corner and an indistinct
transverse band at middle; wings hyaline, slightly annular at apex;
pterostigma long, yellowish ; the longitudinal veins and the veinlets yel-
lowish white, except the following, which are black: the costal veinlets at
base and apex, the radio-subcostal cross-vein near the base of the wing,
the base of the veiniets between the first and second branches of radius,
the base of the second branch of radius, both series of gradate veins, the
base of the veinlets given off from the second branch of radius, the long
cross-vein in the anal angle; in the posterior wings, the costal veinlets
entirely and base of the veinlets between the first and second branches of
radius ; twenty-six costal veinlets before the pterostigma, fourteen or
fifteen between the radius and its sector, nine in the inner gradate series,
and ten in the outer gradate series ; legs whitish, tarsi darker ; abdomen
green, hairy.

Length, 11 mm. ; alar expanse, 30 mm.

Habitat—Wellesley, Mass , June. .

Nothochrysa phantasma, sp. nov.—Antenne longer than the wings,
white, immaculate, basal segment strongly dilated within ; head yellowish-
white, immaculate ; clypeus emarginate ; palpi white ; prothorax green,
about as broad as long, narrowed in front, sides gradually widened back-
wards ; meso-and metathorax yellowish-white, a purplish dot each side
on the suture between the front and lateral lobes of the mesothorax, some-,
times wanting ; wings narrow, elongate, hyaline ; hind wings angular at
apex ; pterostigna long, white, fuscous at base ; the veins and veinlets
green or white, except the following, which are black: the second branch
of radius, the basal three or four veinlets between the first and second
branches of radius, at their base, a spot surrounding the apical cross-vein
between media and cubitus, and the gradate veins ; in some immature
specimens none of the veins are black; the veins and margin hairy ; hairs
short, white ; twenty-six to twenty-nine costal veinlets before the ptero-
stigma, sixteen to seventeen between the radius and its sector, eight to
ten in the inner gradate series, seven to nine in the outer gradate series ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 171

legs white, tarsi darker ; abdomen green with a median dorsal yellow line ;
fifth dorsal segment with a large brownish spot.

Length, 13 mm. ; alar expanse, 46 mm.

Habitat—West Chop, Massachusetts, July to August.

The following notes on the habits of this species are of interest :—
“This beautiful little insect first attracted my attention while strolling at
twilight along the silent leaf-strewn wood-roads of the Vineyard, in the im-
mediate vicinity of West Chop. I first noticed it early in July, and it is
still common in mid-August,

“‘ Tt seems specially fond of oak trees and is nocturnal! in habits, being
rarely seen by day. When startled from its resting-place by daylight it
flutters rapidly and erratically to a neighboring branch or downward to
the sheltering undergrowth of huckleberry bushes, which everywhere fill
the woods. Shortly after sundown, however, it awakens to activity, and
may then be observed as a dimply perceptible paleness drifting silently
and steadily through the twilight gloom.

«¢ When taken in the hand, this impalpable apparition resolves itself into
a ghostly little elf clad in pale-green and white, with brilliant purple eyes
and gauzy wings ; a veritable dryad of the woods.”

Nothochrysa californica, Banks.—Antenne shorter than the wings,
wholly black ; head reddish-yellow, antennal sockets surrounded with
black, three black streaks above, connected with the black of antennal
sockets, and a few blackish lines below antennz ; palpi black ; prothorax
black, with a median light stripe, broader at each end, and the extreme
margin light, narrowed in front, sides gradually sloping ; meso—and meta-
thorax black ; wings hyaline, round at apex; veins mostly black ; costa
and base of radius on fore-wing, costa and almost whole of radius on
hind-wings, yellowish ; pterostigma brown, throughout its entire length ;
sixteen or seventeen costal veinlets before the pterostigma, ten or eleven
between the radius and its sector, ten in the inner gradate series, twelve
in the outer gradate series ; less testaceous, middle and hind femora
darker, tips of tibize and joints of tarsi black ; abdomen short, black, the
posterior margin of the segments on sides narrowly yellowish.

Length, 9 mm. ; alar expanse, 26 mm.

Habitat

I am indebted to Mr. Nathan Banks, Sea Cliff, N. Y., for notes on
this species.

California.

172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

REMARKS ON ZETHUS SLOSSON 2.
BY WM. J. FOX, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

In the Canapian EntTomotocist for May (page 140) there appears
an article by Mr.Wm. H. Patton, entitled “Zethus Aztecus in Florida,” in
which the author attempts to prove that Zethus Poeyi, Slossone and
aztecus are the same species. As I am the authority for one of these
species, it was but natural that I should make a study of the trio, in order
to ascertain if Mr. Patton’s assertions were correct. An examination of
the material in my possession convinces me that Mr. P. is mistaken, and
that his conclusions have no facts to enforce them. In my studies I have
had a series of eight female and seven male specimens of S/ossona@, three
In the first

mentioned species, notwithstanding Mr. P.’s statements that the des-

females and one male of Foeyz, and a female of aztecus.

cribed differences are but variations, the only variations noticed in my
series are that sometimes the yellow on clypeus and at apex of petiole
are wanting. There is no yellow onthe vertex of Svosson@, while Poeyi (at
least in the specimens before me) has always two large spots there; in
general appearance S/ossone is a much more robust insect than Poeyi,
particularly the head and thorax, and the yellow markings thereon are by

no means so promiscuous. Z. aztecus is quite a different insect in appear-
ance from both the other species, and scarcely requires a comparison with
them. Excluding the characters Patton regards as variations, the species
differ as follows :—

SLOSSON.
Posterior face of metathorax very

POEYVI.
Posterior face of metathorax

smooth, velvety, not at all striated ;
enlargement of petiole rather finely
punctured.

AZTECUS.

Abdomen black, greater part of
legs black, petiole with exceedingly
coarse punctures ; collar above, an-
teriorly, with a prominent crest ;

second ventral, abdominal segment

with large shallow punctures.

coarsely striated ; enlargement of
petiole tolerably coarsely punc-
tured.
POEYI AND SLOSSON&.

Abdomen, except petiole, ferru-
ginous, or claret brown; greater
part of legs ferruginous * * * *;
collar above, anteriorly, scarcely
crested ; second ventral segment
with fine, sparse punctures.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lies

ON OCHYRIA FERRUGATA, CL.
BY LOUIS B. PROUT, F. E. S$, LONDON, N. E., ENGLAND,

I have recently been investigating the synonymy, and the natural
history generally,.,of the two species of geometers which are frequently
confused under the above name,* and as Packard was not quite clear
about the matter, it seems desirable to call attention to the true position
of their American representative. In Germany there has been frequent
doubt whether /errugata, Linn., and spadicearia, Bkh., were, or were
not, specifically identical, and Zeller, to whom Packard owed his information
concerning the European forms, came to the erroneous conclusion,
though somewhat waveringly (see Stettin Amt. Zeit. xxxviil., p. 464), that
they were forms of one and the same insect. He held that ferrugata,
Cl., was really the spadicearia form, ferrugata, Linn. the ferrugata form
(according to German usage), but, of course, did not touch the synonymy,
believing that he dealt with but one species (Stettin Ht. Zeit., xiv., 249).
Now, when he sent examples to Packard, he naturally sent the form which
is labelled as typical ferrugata in his collection (the darker, purple-banded
form =ferrugata of L.inn., H.-S., etc.). This, as Packard says, agrees
entirely with the American speciest, and it is this of which the black-
banded form (var. waidentaria of Packard) is a variety (Stettin Zu.
Zeit., xlvi., 93).

But now, turning to England, we find that the specific distinctness of
the two insects (now abundantly proved) has been less questioned,
though, unfortunately, Haworth is responsible for considerable confusion
of synonymy. Like Zeller, he accepted Clerck’s figure (/coves, 6, 14) as
the lighter red species (= spadicearia, Bkh.), but knew nothing of the
name sfadicearia, and introduced the species to British entomologists as
ferrugaria ; the other species, which is generally black-banded in Eng-
land, though in America purple-banded forms seem common also, he
named wnidentaria.

In brief, spadicearta, Bkh. is = ferrugaria, Haw., Steph, Newman”
and perhaps = ferrugata, Cl., though his figure is very poor; ferrugaria,.
Linn., H.-S., Zeller, Packard, is =unidentaria, Haw., but its earliest name,,

*Some of the results of my investigations may be seen in the Avtomologists’
Record, Vol. V., p. 111, etc., London, 1894.

+I have tested this by the material in our National Museum, and by some speci
mens kindly sent me by Mr. H. F. Wickham, of Iowa City.

174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

assuming fer7ugata to be preoccupied by the other species, is corcu/ata,
Hfn., Berl. Mag., iv., 94.

So far as I have ascertained, sfadicearia, Bkh., does not occur in the
New World, and the following of Packard’s citations must be deleted, as
belonging thereto :—

Ferrugata, Cl. Ic. Ins., 6, 14, 1759 (perhaps).
Hiibn., Schm. Eur., ea

Stph., Nomencl., Br. Ins., 44, 1829.

Stph., Ill, ii 210, Tose.

Stph., Cat. i Lep., 186, 1850.

Also, theoretically, the larval description from Newman’s “ British
Moths,” though practically the two larve are so similar that the descrip-
tion of one will apply to the other. Nevertheless, it will be well for
American workers to bear in mind that our ferrugata is not identical
with theirs.

PROFESSOR 'C> Vi RILEY:

Every entomologist in North America will, we are confident, join with
us in the expression of the deepest regret that Professor C. V. Riley has
felt compelled, owing to the impaired state of his health, to resign his
position as entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture,
The admirable work that Dr. Riley and his staff have accomplished, both
in scientific and economic entomology during the many years that he was
Director of the Division, is so well and widely known that it is unncessary
to enter into any details here. There are few who possess in so eminent
a degree as Dr. Riley scientific ability, accurate knowledge, painstaking
industry and acute powers of observation; these gifts and attainments have
been abundantly manifested in the immense additions that he has made
to the knowledge of insect life in all its various phases, and it would be a
calamity indeed if they were withdrawn from active exercise. It is grati-
fying, then, to learn that Dr. Riley will retain the honorary Curatorship of
the Department of Insects in the U. S. National Museum, at Washington,
and that he will now devote himself to some long-contemplated work of
a purely scientific character. We earnestly trust that the relief from the
cares and anxieties of administrative work in a Government Office will
speedily restore his health and strength, and that we shall see the fruits of
his labours during many a year to come.

While we deplore Dr. Riley’s resignation, we cannot refrain from

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. L755

expressing our gratification at the appointment of his successor. The
authorities at Washington have shown their wisdom in conferring the
vacant office upon Mr. L. O. Howard, who has been so long and so ably
sharing in its duties as First Assistant. Tne Department is certainly to be
congratulated upon having at hand a skilled and learned entomologist,
who possesses in every respect the varied qualifications necessary for the
successful performance of so important an office. We have every con-
fidence that the world-wide reputation now possessed by the Division of
Entomology at Washington, will be in nowise impaired under the adminis-
tration of Mr. Howard, and we heartily wish him health, strength and long
life for the successtul performance of his arduous and important duties,

NOTES.

Mr. C. H. TyLer TownsenpD has resigned his position as Curator of
the Museum at Kingston, Jamaica, and has returned to Las Cruces, New
Mexico. He begs that his correspondents will take note of his change
of address. ee

At the recent meeting of the Royal Society of Canada, held in Ottawa
(May 22-26), Mr. W. H. Harrincron, President of the Entomological
Society of Ontario, and the Rev. G. W. TayLor, a member of the
Society, were unanimously elected Fellows. The meeting was highly

successful, many of the papers read being able and valuable contributions
to scientific knowledge. The Governor-General, Lord Aberdeen, was in
constant attendance, and treated the members with great hospitality.
The entomologists present were especially charmed to meet and welcome
Mr. S. H. Scudder, who was one of the distinguished visitors from the
United States.

Tue Poputar ScriENcE News (Boston Mass.), has recently been
much improved in form and matter, under the editorship of Dr. James R.
Nichols. It is now filled with interesting articles, many of them illus-
trated, by eminent writers in different departments of science. The last
two numbers contain articles by Prof. J. B. Smith, on the ‘“ Insect Para-
sites of Animals.” a

The first two parts of Mr. P. Wytsman’s (79 Rue Neuve, Brussels,
Belgium) reproduction of HuBNeEr’s Exoric BUTTERFLIES have been: re-
ceived. Each consists of ten coloured plates, without letterpress. ~They
are very nicely executed on hand-made paper, and are evidently faithful
copies both in drawing and colouring of the originals. The work will be
completed in sixty parts, and will contain about 600 plates; the syn-
onymy, nomenclature, etc., will be revised and brought down to date by
Mr, W. F. Kirby, of the British Museum.

176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

CORRESPONDENCE.

PAPILIO CRESPHONTES,

Sir,—About the 17th of August, a specimen of Papilio cresphontes
was seen by Mr, Charles Currelley, on the southern shore of Sparrow
Lake, about one hundred and ten miles north of Lake Ontario. It was a
fine specimen and was flying aimlessly about over the water. I think
that this is the most northerly appeaagce of this insect which has been
recorded. CaRLYLE ELLis, Toronto.

BREPHOS INFANS MOESCHL, AT OTTAWA,

I have much pleasure in recording the capture of a nice specimen of
this rare and beautiful moth, at Ottawa. It was taken by Lady Marjorie A.
Hamilton-Gordon, who writes: “I caught it in a sunny glade of fir woods,
behind Government House, on April 12th. It was among fir trees
and stumps. I had seen one there two days before, flying high among
the trees. I noticed my specimen crawling up a long stalk, with its
wings closed; and then it flew away, more like a butterfly than a moth.”
The Ottawa entomologists have been on the lookout for this insect

for many years ; but, until now, no one has succeeded in securing it. We
hope that Lady Marjorie, who is an enthusiastic callector, will be equally
fortunate with some of the other insects which ought to be found at
Ottawa, but which have not yet been discovered here. J. FLETCHER.

CORRIGENDA.

Sir,—It is, perhaps, worth while to suggest corrections for several
errors noticed in recent issues of Canadian Entomologist :—

In October number, 1892, on p. 265, lines 12 to 14 contain an
inaccuracy. My observations indicated willow as a food-plant of the
larva of Codias nastes (not C. interior). The record was correctly made
by Mr. Fletcher in 1889 (Twentieth Annual Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., page 7).

An error occurs in March number, 1893. On p. 87, line 20, Banff is
mentioned as a Canadian habitat of Chzonobas Brucet. The correct
locality is Hector, B. C.

On p. 54, March number, 1892, Mr. W. H. Edwards mentions my
having told him that Vaccinium was the food-plant of Co/éas interior.
My statement requires correction. It referred to a local species, which
at that time I considered as probably Jzterzor, but which, with more
complete material, has proved to be allied more closely to Pe/idne and
Scudderi than to Lnterior. Tuomas E. Bran, tees Alberta.

Mailed June 9th.

Eh 4 ntomologrst.

VOL. XXVIL LONDON, JULY, eae None:

A PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF THE NORTH AMERICAN
DECTICIDA:.

BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

Having recently put my own collection of Decticide into systematic
order and treated the collection of the U. S. National Museum entrusted
to me by Dr. C. V. Riley ina similar manner, I have thought it would
assist in obtaining better material for a future monograph if I were to
publish at least a generic discrimination of the material at hand. At the
same time I am able to clear up most of the synonymy of the species and
assign to their proper location the various described species, very few of which
(7 out of 23) will be found to have been originally placed in the genera to
which they are here assigned. This is partly because it has been neces-
sary to establish new generic categories for a large number of our species,
which are very insufficiently known, having awaited a student ever since
Herman’s sketch of the genera of Decticide twenty years ago. In the
course of another year I hope to make a complete study, and not only to
characterize the genera more carefully, but to describe the numerous
species here indicated. It is evident that in the West a considerable

“s
number of species are likely to occur additional to those now knowny to”

me, which number about fifty, divided among fifteen genera, five of which
are monotypic, and only one of which is found also in the Old World,
Much might be said regarding the geographical distribution of the genera;
but I will reserve that for a future occasion. ¢ sat

> ee
TABLE FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE GENERA OF N. A. pecries BE.

. Prosternum armed with two erect spines. S

bx. Four terminal spines on the lower side of the hind femorayy+**

two smaller ones between a larger pair.
cr. Ovipositor straight.
dx. Prosternal spines short, obtuse. . .. Lngoniaspis.
dz. Prosternal spines long and slender, oe
BNCAmeMe er 2/0: TELE y she caine te, Renn era T CUS:

178 THE CANADIAN’ ENTOMOLOGIST.

c2. Ovipositor arcuate.
dx. Ovipositor curved downward; a median
carina on the prothorax.............-Drymadusa.
de, Ovipositor curved upward ; no median
Caria ON PrOuUera s.shs 4). sees eee Orchesticus.
be. Two terminal spines only (the outer) on lower |
side of hind femora....... LUNs da hes cnn A POPIEOSAES:
a2, Prosternum unarmed.
b1. Fore tibize spined above on both margins.
cr. Large bulky insects; tegmina of ¢ almost
completely concealed beneath the pronotum ;
eyes but little larger than antennal scrobes. .. .. Anabrus.
co, Relatively small insects ; exposed portion
of ¢ tegmina half as large as prono-
tum ; eyes fully twice as large as antennal
SCTODES ec Aiays thats aOR coe eee eevee Cacopteris, p. p-
be, Fore tibize spined above on outer margin only.
cr. Fore tibize with several spines above on outer margin.
dx. Fore tibiee with three spines above on outer margin.
ex. Legs short, the hind femora scarcely or
not extending beyond abdomen ; sur-
face of pronotum granulate........ Peranabrus.
es, Legs long, the hind femora extending far beyond
abdomen ; surface of pronotum smooth.
fr. Pronotum without distinct lateral carinz, except
sometimes posteriorly ; a median carina rarely
present and then weak.
«1. Pronotum transversely arched as much on the
posterior as on the anterior half.

hr. Ovipositor straight...... Cacopteris, p. p.
he. Ovipositor arcuate.......... Eremopedes.
¢2, Pronotum laterally subangulate pos- ;

teriorly, and often with a slight me-

Ciamscarintlay scent eee Tdiostatus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 179

fe. Pronotum’ with distinct lateral and median
caring, the latter sometimes weak.
g1. Lateral carinz of pronotum parallel .
orsubparallel: tanta cs @ OLCEFON YS.
Lateral carinze approximated in
middle of anterior half of pronotum,
so as to narrow the dorsum by
nearly: \one-half....0002.2 Seen Ldionotus.
d2. Fore tibize with four spines above on outer margin.
er. Descending lobesof pronotum declivent,
fhevG@Orsnin, WArlOwes 6,6. gies nce wee oe Clinopleura.
e2. Descending lobes of pronotum narrow,
the dorsum broad.................Plagiostira.
c2. Fore tibize with only one spine above on outer mar-
iny Situated ate aper io. Tau) Pen alle. ea. ACODER

is}

Enconiaspis, Brunner (Rév. Syst. Orth., 185).

No species of this genus has yet been described. Brunner founded it

» upon a species from Missouri, in his collection, which is very likely the

same as that represented in the Riley collection of the U.S. National
Museum by an imperfect specimen from an unknown locality.

ATLANTICUS (atAavTiKds) Gen, nov.

This generic name is proposed for the only species of Decticidz
(except some species of Orchesticus) that occur on the Atlantic slope
of North America, and are confined to that district, or at

least to the region east of the Mississippi. They resemble the
European Thamnotrizon in general appearance, but have a spined
prosternum. ‘They are closely related to Engoniaspis, but the males are
not apterous, the prosternal spines are well developed and the cerci
are not depressed. Three species are known to me, two of them long
ago described by Burmeister under the names of Decticus dorsalis and
D. pachymerus (one of them, probably the latter, afterwards described by
Walker as Decticus derogatus), and a third, which appears to be a more
southern and robuster form, represented in my collection by two pairs
coming from North Carolina tq Florida. ‘These species may be thus dis-
tinguished :—

Inner tooth of ¢ cerci short; lateral carine of pronotum sharply

pronounced.

180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Hind femora less than twice as long as the pronotum; ex-
posed portion of g tegmina almost as ample as the pro-
TROON SS. So a ea athe SMPERIEIEL oe | see plete ses ees APR nM a tm
Hind femora more than twice as long as the pronotum ; exposed

portion of jf tegmina less than one-third as ample as the prono-

PAUIDD 0-5 ow sje thao anges Ga EN pak Ramee kcaligkee ky SaaS emer amare
Inner tooth of # cerci long ; lateral carine of pronotum not sharply
PFONOUNCEE Sy LEN A a Ne Piel POE A UR gs Bil em et

Drymapbusa Stein (Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., IV., 257).

Recognized in an undescribed species in my coilection, represented
by a single ? from Oregon, in which the tegmina are very abbreviated
and the ovipositor apically decurved. The genus has not before been
known to occur in. the New World, and appears to be the only genus of
Decticidze common to the two worlds. I have no European species with
which to compare it, but from the description of the genus it seems to
belong here, though the pronotum has a distinct median carina pos-
teriorly.

OrCHESTICUS Saussure (Rev. Mag. Zool., 1859, 201).

This genus was founded upon a species from Tennessee, O. americanus,
Sauss., unknown to me. The genus is, however, the richest in species of
any of our Decticide, no less than six nominal species having been
described, some of them (not yet carefully studied) possibly synonymous,
and all, excepting the typical species, described under other generic names,
These are, to give them in the order of their publication-: Anabrus hal-
demanti Girard, Anabrus minutus and A. stevensonii Thomas, and
Thyreonotus cragini and TZ. scudderi Bruner. All of these are from the
Mississippi Valley and the mountain region on the west, which seem to
be the home of the genus, though it occurs also sparingly on the
Atlantic slope. In a preliminary arrangement of the species in the
collections at hand I have separated about a dozen species.

Tropizaspis Brunner (Rév. Syst. Orth., 187).

To this genus belongs Ar-ytropteris steindachner: Herm., from Puget
Sound. The genus seems to be peculiar to the Pacific Coast, from whence
half a dozen species are known to me, none but the above described, and
this not heretofore referred to the present genus.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 181

ANnaBRuUS. Haldeman (Stansb., Salt Lake, 372).

This genus was founded upon a species from Salt Lake, 4. simplex,
and the genus seems to be mainly confined to the elevated*country west
of the Mississippi prairies. Three other nominal species have been
described, A. purpurascens Uhl., A. similis Scudd., and A. coloradus
Thom., but whether these are all distinct or are all that exist in our col-
lections, I have not yet endeavoured to determine. All the above, how-
ever, certainly belong to Anabrus, but three others, originally described as
Anabri, belong, as noted above, to Orchesticus.

PERANABRUS, Gen. nov.

This generic name is proposed for Zhamuotrizon scabricollis Thom.,
from Southern Montana, which, except for its scabrous pronotum, has
much the aspect of an Anabrus. It differs from it, however, in lacking
spines upon the inner margin of the fore-tibize above, and in its distinctly
carinate pronotum. It is poorly figured by Glover in his Ill. N. A. Ent.,
Orth., pl. 13, fig. 6.

CacopTERIs (kukés, rTepov), Gen. nov.

This genus, containing half a dozen species of minor size, none of
which have been described, is remarkable for the fact that the inner
margin of the upper surface of the fore-tibiz is sometimes spined and
sometimes unarmed ; generally individuals of the same species seem to
be always either one or the other, but in at least two of them, individuals
of the same species differ in this respect, the males being more frequently
spined than the females ; when armed, there are always three spines pres-
ent. The genus is peculiar to California and Western Nevada and the
southern margin of the United States as far east as the upper Rio Grande.
It has somewhat the aspect of the European Antaxius.

EREMOPEDES (epyp0s, 77ddw), Gen. nov.

Founded on an Arizona species, of which a single ? is in the U.S.
National Museum. It has a very uniformly rounded, slightly compressed
body, with a general resemblance to the smaller forms of Orchesticus.

Ipiostatus Pictet (Mém. Soc. Phys. Gen., XXX., vi. 63).

Two species of this genus have been described; a smaller, 7. her-
manni (Stetroxys hermanni Thos.=TJdiostatus californicus Pict.), and a
larger, /. bidineata (Steiroxys bilineata Yhom.), and there is what is ap-
parently a third species, with excessively long ovipositor, in the U. S.
National Museum. All the species come from California and Oregon.

182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Sreiroxys Hermann (Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, XXIV. 207).

We possess three species of this genus, two of which have been
described : S. ¢ri/ineatus (Thamnotrizon trilineatus Thom.), the type of
the genus from Wyoming and Utah, and SS. pallidipalpus (Decticus pallt-
dipalpus Thom.), from Utah, Idaho and Nevada ; and apparently a third
species from Northern California, Oregon and Alberta, which may be
called S. borealis. They may be distinguished as follows :—

Abdomen sruiiegs ornamented with a median series of V-shaped

black spots.. Moe hae .trilineatus.

Abdomen with no conspicuous aoe abaguiat Earle

Hind femora very long, more than three and a-half times longer

than the pronotum ; dorsal field of pronotum much less than twice

as long as greatest breadth. nares viRez dare . .borealts.

Hind femora not so long, Bees curecgen more than ce times as

long as the pronotum ; dorsal field of pronotum almost twice as

long as greatest breadth. edad ae eae gh e ...-.pallidipalpus.
IDIONOTUS (iS.0s, votos), Gen, nov.

This genus is established on a couple of undescribed species, one in
the U. S. National Museum, from California, the other in my own collec-
tion, collected by Kennicott somewhere on his explorations in or going to
Alaska. It closely resembles Steiroxys.

CLINOPLEURA (kAivo, TAevpa), Gen. nov.

This name is proposed for Stecroxys melanopleura Scudd., and its
allies. It is nearly related to the European Psorodonotus, but is abund-
antly distinct, with no such prolonged pronotum. The typical species
comes from Southern California and Utah, and two other Californian
species are in the U. S. National Museum.

PraGiostira Scudder (Wheeler’s Ann. Rep., 1876, 501).

Founded upon P. a/bonotata Scudd., from Northern New Mexico. I
have what is apparently a second and larger species of uniform colouring,
but in poor condition, taken on the surveys for the Northern Pacific R. R.

ATELOPLUS (a7eA7s, 67Aov), Gen. nov.

A peculiar form, apparently nearly allied to Idiostatus and Cacopteris
and closely resembling them in general appearance, but remarkable for
having both margins of the upper surface of the fore-tibize entirely devoid
of spines, except a single one at the apex on the outer side. I know of
but one species, from San Diego, California, represented by a single 9
in the U. S. National Museum.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183

The following alphabetical list shows the genera to which the
described species are here referred, with initial bibliographical references :—
Anabrus coloradus Thom., Rep. Hayd. Surv., V., 440 (Azadrus.)

" haldemanii Gir., Marcy Expl. Red Riv., 259 [248], pl. 15,

figs. 5-8 (Orchesticus).

" minutus Thom., Proc. Philad. Acad., 1870, 1875 (Orchesticus).

" purpurascens Uhl., Proc. Ent. Soc. Philad., IT., 550 (Azabrus).

" similis Scudd., Hayd. Rep. Nebr., 249 (Amabrus).

" simplex Hald., Stansb., Expl. Utah, 372, pl. 10, fig. 4 (Anabrus).

" stevensonii Thom., Proc. Philad. Acad., 1870, 1875 (Orchesticus).
Arytropteris steindachneri Herm., Verh. Zool.—bot. Ges. ‘Wien, XXIV.,

204-205, figs. 98-102 (Zropizasfis).
Decticus derogatus Walk., Cat. Derm, Salt. Brit. Mus., II., 260 (Aé/an-
ticus pachymerus).

" dorsalis Burm., Handb. Entom., II., 713 (A¢danticus).

" pachymerus Burm., Handb. Entom., II., 712 (A¢/anticus).

" pallidipalpus Thom., Fin. Rep. Hayd. Surv., V., 442 (Stecroxys).

" sphagnorum Walk., Cat. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., II., 258-259

(Not a Decticid).

Idiostatus californicus Pict., Mem. Soc. Phys. Gen., XXX., vi., 64-65,
figs. 35, 35a (Jdiostatus hermannt).

Orchesticus americanus Sauss., Rev. Mag. Zool., 1859, 201 (Orchesticus).

Plagiostira albonotata Scudd., Ann. Rep. Wheel. Surv., 1876, 501 (//a-
giostira).

Steiroxys bilineata Thom., Fin. Rep. Wheel. Surv., V., 905 (/dzostatus).

" hermanni Thom., Fin. Rep. Wheel, Surv., V., 904, pl. 44, fig.

4 (Zdiostatus). et

" melanopleura Scudd., Ann, Rep. Wheel. Surv., 1876, 500

(Clinopleura).
Thamnotrizon scabricollis Thom., Fin. Rep. Hayd. Surv., V., 441
(Peranabrus).
" trilineatus Thom., Proc. Philad. Acad., 1870, 1876
(Steiroxys).
Thyreonotus cragini Brun., Bull. Washb. Lab., I., 129 (Orchesticus).
" scudderi Brun., Bull. Washb. Lab., I., 129-130 (Orchesticus).

All known North American Decticide are apterous or subapterous,
their tegmina never extending over more than two abdominal segments or
thereabouts. But many European species are fully winged, and such

184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

forms should be looked for in America, especially in the West. To the
beginner it should be added that by no means all apterous or subapterous
Locustarians are Decticidz, as witness the ubiquitous Centhophili; but
Decticidz may be distinguished from other Locustarians (to follow Brun-
ners latest table for their separation) by having the tarsi more or less
depressed (the Stenopelmatidze have them distinctly compressed) ; by the
presence of foramina near the base of the anterior tibie (wanting in
Gryllacrididz) ; by having the antennz inserted between the eyes, nearer
the summit of the occiput than the upper margin of the labrum (instead
of the opposite); by having the first two tarsal joints longitudinally
sulcate on the sides; by having the fore-tibial foramina slit-like rather
than elliptical ; by the presence of an apical spine on the outer side of
the fore-tibiza above (wanting, however, in a single African genus of
Decticidz) ; and by the presence of a free plantula at the base of the first
hind tarsal joint beneath, this last character separating them from the
Locustidz proper, where the plantula is not free.

BOTYS \URTICALOIDES “NWS:
BY THE REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC.

Expanse of wings one and one-fourth inches. Length of Reape S1X-
tenths of an inch. Head and antenne black. Thorax, above black
bordered with white, beneath white. Legs white. Wings white, satiny,
translucent. Primaries have a slight tinge of yellow. On the costa, near
the middle, are two black or dark brown blotches ; below these, towards
the inner margin, are two other blotches, sometimes united—the whole
forming a broken, transverse band. Beyond this, near the hind margin
and extending from near the inner angle for about two-thirds of the width
of the wing, is a second, narrower band. Secondaries have a roseate
tinge. Abdomen above black, the segments bordered with white, and the
extremity tipped with white ; beneath white.

Described from four specimens, taken all at one time and flying by
day, in an “intervale” of Brome County, Province of Quebec.

Only one other specimen of this insect has, as far as I can learn, been
taken. It was discovered by Mr. Ashmead and Mr. Linell amongst

unnamed material in the National Museum at Washington, D. C.

i

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185

‘ THREDINIDA.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.
Blennocampa bipartita, Cresson.

A single fly, bred from a larva on oak at Boston, Mass., appears to
belong to this species. The fly differs from Mr. Cresson’s description in
that all the tarsi are blackish ; the abdomen above is largely blackish ;
there is no luteous tint discernible on the lateral margin of middle lobe
of mesothorax ; the anterior and posterior margins of the luteous stigma
are blackish and the veins are nearly black. ‘There are two black points
in the upper medial cell and one in the second submarginal cell on fore-
wings. The larva seems to closely resemble that described in the 5th re-
port U.S. Entom. Commission, p. 206, as Wonophadnus dilutus, Cresson,
but the fly belongs to a different genus.

Larva.—Sitting flat on the young leaves of the black oak and eating
holes through ; solitary. Head wider than high, rounded above ; smooth
green ; eyes black, with a blackish stripe from each to vertex, and two
contiguous black spots on upper part of clypeus ; width, 1.4 mm. Abdo-
minal feet present on joints 6-1: and 13 (20 feet). Body smooth, not
annulate, the subventral region folded. Colour uniform green. Two
transverse rows on each segment of Y-shaped furcate processes, in a
longitudinal plane, arranged as follows: Addorsal, two ; subdorsal, two;
substigmatal, one; subventral, two, not in line, one below the other.
The anterior and posterior processes are tipped with black. Length, 12
mm.

final stage.—The larva moulted and entered the ground. Smooth,
annulated, with slightly elevated, concolorous warts instead of processes,
inconspicuous. Pale greenish, concolorous; head pale testaceous; width,
1.4 mm.

The larva formed an elliptical cell in the ground, lined with a black
secretion, about the first of June. The fly emerged the following April.
Emphytus canadensis, Kirby.

(The pansy saw-fly.)

72 9. The flies differ slightly from Provancher’s description in
having the fore and middle tarsi dusky toward tips, while the veins and
stigma are black, rather than dark brown. ;

Larva.-—Eating the whole leaf, curled spirally on the back ; falls off
when disturbed. Head rounded, normal, dull black, slightly slaty ; eye

186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

and mouth black, the sutures around clypeus pale ; some short, pale
hairs; width, 1.4 mm. Body of nearly equal width, slightly largest at
anterior end ; thoracic feet small, abdominal ones well developed, present
on joints 6 to 13 (22 feet), Segments 6-annulate, rather sharply so, and
about as distinct as the segmental incisures. Colour slaty black dorsally,
not shining, smooth, the dorsal vessel showing darker ; below the spiracles
olive gray. Thoracic feet pale. On each segment, on 2nd annulet, a
transverse row of minute white points, with a second one on rst annulet
stigmatally ; a few less conspicuous ones on subventral ridge.

Final stage-—Head blackish above, pale below ; eye in a black spot ;
mouth brown; antenne and palpi pointed, minutely brown ringed ; width,
1.4mm. Body entirely dark olive-gray, rather bluish, slaty, the segments
neatly 6-annulate, not shining, evenly minutely granular. Feet trans-
parent, spiracles in paler areas. No white points or tubercles.

The larve do not feed in this stage, but seek for decayed or soft wood
in which they bore a gallery to serve as a place for pupation.

Larve abundant on cultivated pansies at Plattsburg, N. Y., in Septem-
ber, the flies emerging the following April. .

E-mphytus cinctipes, Norton.
(The rare rose saw-fly.)

Eating the whole leaf and resting on the back, curled spirally, with the
anal end on top. Head well rounded, flat over clypeus, pale brown, the
ocelius in a round black spot; mouth blackish, not shining; a blackish
longitudinal stripe on vertex of head. Width, 1.5mm. Abdominal
feet present on joints 6-12 and 13 (22 feet); thoracic feet large, visible
from the dorsal aspect, spreading, but not greatly so. Rather dark green
dorsally and in spots along the bases of the legs ; whitish subtranslucent
subventrally and ventrally and on the feet. Minute pointed, conical,
white dots arranged in three transverse rows on each segment on the
first, secona and fourth annulets ; on the first annulet, two each side sub-
dorsally ; on the second and fourth annulets, two subdorsally and two
laterally and others substigmatally ; but these last are very inconspicuous
on the pale ground colour. Trachez showing by transparency as a white
cord. The green colour becomes darker posteriorly and is interrupted at
joint 12, showing that it is partly due to the food in the alimentary canal.

Final stage.—Head shining, slightly punctured, pale straw-yellow,
with large black eye spot ; width, r.5 mm. Body smooth, 6-annulate,

v

without any tubercles, coloured as before, but paler. Dorsal colour bluish-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187

green, especially on joint 2. A little later the black shade reappears on
the vertex of head, and the dorsal colour of the body becomes dark green.
The larvz do not feed in this stage, but enter the ground and form a cell
lined imperfectly and with fragile walls.

Larve on cultivated rose bushes at Boston, Mass., in June, the flies
emerging in July.

Nematus monochroma, Norton.

664,429. The @ differs from Norton’s description only in
having the antennz black, including the two basal joints, and the tarsi
dusky. It differs from the descriptions of JV. ocreatus, Harrington, and
of WV. mellinus, Cresson, in having no black marks on the thorax or
abdomen. The metathorax and basal plates are marked with dark brown.
The ~ is like the 2 below, but above it is largely black. A black patch
covers the whole top of the head behind the antennz, except a narrow
border to the eyes. Thorax above shining black ; tegule and posterior
angles of prothorax pale. Abdomen black above, except at the extreme
tip. In other specimens the black is more extensive, staining the sides
below the insertion of the wings and the whole tip of abdomen.

Larva.—Gregarious, halding to the edge of a leaf by the thoracic feet.
Head smooth, shining black, a little paler around the mouth or else
entirely pale testaceous, with the eye black ; width, 1.3 mm. Body green,
slightly shining, annulate ; abdominal feet present on joints 6-11 and 13
(20 feet), but very small on joint 13. Two transverse rows per segment of
elevated black spots, minute on the back, confused laterally and larger,
especially two subventral ones. Spots obsolete posteriorly. Colour leaf-
_ green, darker along the back, joint 12 tinged with yellowish. Thoracic
feet greenish or tinged with black at base.

Final stage.— Differs in lacking the black spots. The larve enter the
ground and form neat, dark brown, elliptical cocoons ; that of the 9
larger than that of the ¢.

Larve on poplar at Boston, Mass., in June. The flies emerged the
following April.

Nematus salicis-odoratus, n. sp.

(The scented willow saw-fly.)

1¢g,42 9. @ Length, 5.5mm. Antenne 4 mm. long, black, third
joint a little shorter than fourth. Head pale testaceous, tips of mandi-
bles blackish brown ; a large black spot covering ocelli and reaching
nearly to base of antenne, continued backward more narrowly to the

188 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

occiput. Body pale testaceous, with a faint brownish shade; thorax above,
except the posterior angles and tegulz, black, the sutures marked by pale
lines ; abdomen with a broad black stripe above, not reaching quite to
the sides nor to the tip ; end of ovipositor sheaths black. Legs con-
colorous with body, the tips of posterior tibiz and their tarsi blackish ;
tarsi of two anterior pair of legs slightly dusky at the tips of the joints.
Wings hyaline, nervures black, stigma dull luteous or partly blackish. A
black point in the outer half of second submarginal cell.

dé Length, 4 mm. The black patch on the: head has a slight lateral
projection, nearly touching the border of the eye; there is a black line on
the pleura just below the wings and the venter is shaded with blackish
brown on prothorax and mesothorax. Otherwise as in the ?.

Belongs to the group represented by the species sumptus, pleuricus,
ribestt, lateralis, desmodioides, fulvipes, agilis, pallifrons, nevadensis and
trifurcatus, but does not seem to be identical with any of them.

£ggs.—Laid in masses on the under side of a leaf, on the surface with-
out any saw-cuts. The dried, empty skins measure .8 x.4 mm.

first larval stage.—Head .3 mm. wide, rounded, shining black as in
the next stage. é

Second stage.—Larve eating holes in the leaf, near the eggs. Head
rounded, full at vertex, black ; width, .5 mm. Body held S-shaped ;
thoracic feet blackish. Segments annulate shining greenish yellow, pale ;
the two rows of subventral tubercles visible, smoky ; none seen dorsally.
Anal plate small, black.

Third stage-—Head as before ; width, .7 mm.; anal plate and spines
black. Lateral and subventral tubercles blackish ; subdorsal black spots
faintly indicated. Body light green; joints 2,12 and 13 posteriorly
yellowish. Upon approaching a group of these larve upon a tree, their
peculiar odour is very obvious.

Fourth stage.—As in the next stage, except that the black markings
are smaller. Width of head, 1.0 mm.

Fifth stage-—Head well rounded; clypeus large, quadrate, smooth,
shining black, the sutures and antennz honey-yellow ; width, 1.4 mm.
Body normal for Nematus, terminal segments somewhat swollen.
Thoracic feet large,abdominal ones present on joints 6-11 and 13 (20 feet),
the last pairsmall. Five medioventral eversible pale yellow scent glands
behind the feet on joints 6-10. These function in the normal position of
defense of the larvee when the abdomen is held up in an S-shape. A

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189

black anal plate with pair of terminal spines. Segments 4-5 annulate,
smooth, slightly shining, the tubercles obsolete dorsally, but represented
laterally and subventrally by large, smooth, rounded, shining black
prominences, largest subventrally. A dorsal and subdorsal row of round
black spots with irregular edges, four on each segment in a straight, even
line, not shining like the subventral tubercles. Body light green ; joints
2, 12 and 13 posteriorly orange. Venter orange-tinted. Thoracic feet
black, except at the joints ; abdominal ones green.

Larve entered the earth without moulting and formed thin, elliptical
black cocoons of uniform close texture. Size, 6 to 7 x 2.5 to 4mm.

Larve at Wood’s Holl, Mass., in July and August.

FURTHER NOTES ON SCALE INSECTS (COCCID/).
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCFS, NEW MEX.

The numbering of these notes is continued from p. 132.

(9.) Chionaspis ortholobis, Comst. In the middle of March Prof.
Bruner sent me a Chzonaspfis, which he said was common on cotton-
wood in Nebraska, being also occasionally found on the white willow.
It appeared to me to be a new species, and I was about to name it after
its discoverer, but Mr. L. O. Howard, to whom I had sent specimens,
delared it was ortholobis. This I could hardly believe, as both ¢ and ?
scales disagreed with Comstock’s description of C. ortholobis, so I wrote
disputing the point, and enclosing further specimens. In due time came
a letter stating that both Mr. Howard and Mr. Pergande had taken great
trouble to examine numerous specimens and compare them with Com-
stock’s types, and that the identity was practically certain.

The fact, therefore, appears that the original description was inade-
quate and somewhat inaccurate or misleading, so to save others from the
mistake I came so near making, I append details of the Nebraska
specimens.

? Scale snow-white, broadly mytiliform, slightly convex, straight or
somewhat curved, tapering anteriorly; exuvie yellowish-white, incon-
spicuous. Removed from the bark, the scale leaves a white mark, the
so-called ventral scale. (Compared with English C. saZéc’s received from
Mr. Newstead, our species is quite different; the scales of sa/icis are
smaller and broader, and not so white, and they have conspicuous
orange or orange-brown exuvie. C. sa/icis from Rouen, France, received
from Mr. Morgan, is the same as the English form.)

190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

9? as described by Comstock. The lobes retain their brown colour
after the rest of the 2 has become colourless from soda treatment and
compression. Rows of gland-orifices indicate obsolete segmentation of
terminal portion. Ventral glands in five groups, each of about 22.
Mouth-parts very near anterior border.

Eggs dark purple, found with @ in March. The @, however, is dark
- brown, not dark purple.

$ Scale distinctly unicarinate. Comstock laid great stress on the
keel-less ¢ scale of ortholobis, but my specimens show that it has normally
a distinct keel. As Mr. Howard remarks, one can find individuals not
showing any keel, and it so happened that Comstock’s types were of this
kind.

Although my supposed new species was thus set aside, Mr. Howard
tells me that he knows of an undescribed Chzonaspis on Cottonwood.

(10.) Mytilaspis albus var. concolor, Ckl\l., common on Aériplex
canescens at Las Cruces, N. M. On March 1g, the males, hitherto un-
described, were hatching.

a with the body dark purple, legs very pale yellowish, wings white.
Thorax long, wings set far back. Caudal style long. Last joint of
antenna shorter than those before it. Tarsus with long knobbed hairs,
claw with small knobbed digitules.

(11.) Aspidiotus abietis (Schrank), Low, 1882.
n. syn. A. abietis, Comstock.
n. syn. A. pinz, Comstock, fide Pergande.

~ Lately Mr. K. Sule wrote me that the Coccus adbietis of Schrank was
now known to be an Asfidiotus ; therefore, he remarked, Comstock’s A.
abietis could not be retained, at all events under that name. He was
not able to say whether adzetis, Comst., was the same as Schrank’s insect,
but in order that I might determine this point, he was so good as to send
me examples of adéetis, Schr., which had been found on Pinus silvestris
at Chuchle, near Prague, Bohemia.

It happened that I possessed examples of A. adietis, Comst., sent
from Ithaca, N. Y., by Mr. R. H. Pettit; found on Adzes canadensis. On
comparing these with those from Europe, I was certain that I had only
one species before me. Among the Bohemian examples, I found a ¢;
it was bright yellow, with a dark brown thoracic band

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 191

Being much interested in this discovery, I hastened to communicate
it to Messrs. Riley and Howard, at Washington, at the same time sending
some of the Bohemian material. A reply came, that Mr. Pergande had
examined my specimens and also Comstock’s types, the result being that
my opinion as to the identity was fully confirmed, and A. pzzz, Comst., was
also added to the synonymy! Mr. Pergande’s report was enclosed, and
it is so interesting that I will take the liberty of reproducing it here:—

“ Examined A. adietis, Schr., from Bohemia, and compared it with
specimens of Comstock’s types of abzetzs, and found that both are abso-
lutely alike. Comstock’s description of adcet/s agrees with the characters
of the immature female, in which there are no groups of spinnerets; while
in the mature female there are plainly five groups of spinnerets, exactly
as in the European form.

“ Among the specimens of Comstock’s types of A. adzetzs I came
across one specimen, unlike the rest, with but the two anterior groups of
spinnerets present ; and found it, after comparing it with the description
of his Asp. fini, to agree with that species in every particular.

‘“‘T prepared specimens of his typical 4s/. p7zz and compared them also
with Comstock’s and the European A. adetis, and found that all three
of them agree perfectly in every respect.

“ Those described by Comstock under the name of A. fznz, are nothing
else than a younger stage of adze/zs.”

(12.) Aspidiotus ancylus, Putnam. Prof. L. Bruner lately sent me
examples of an Aspzdiotus, which occurs commonly in the City of Lincoln,
Nebraska, only on the soft maple. These I found to agree with 4.
ancylus, except for the fact that I could by no means see the grouped
glands of that species. Therefore, using Comstock’s synopsis (Cornell
Report, 1883, p. 56), they would have to be referred to perniciosus;—
although they were not quite like any perxniciosus I had ever seen, and the
circumstances under which they were found were against such a reference.

I then sent specimens to the Dept. Agriculture, remarking on this
anomaly, but stating that I believed they must certainly be some form of
ancylus. Mr. Pergande again gave assistance, and found that the lack of
grouped glands, as in A. adéetis, was simply a sign of immaturity; this he
practically demonstrated by discovering among the material I sent some
mature females, which presented the five groups of glands, exactly as in
typical ancylus.

192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ON CHIONOBAS ALBERTA, ELWES.
BY W. H. EDWARDS, COALBURGH, WEST VA.

Mr. Wolley Dod has recently sent me from Calgary quite a number
of specimens of this form, and I consider it a valid species. The
description, however, of A/berta (3) is quite inadequate. There is
great variation in expanse of wing, and in colour. Some examples are
dark brown, some are yellow-white, like the pale V. Ridingsii ; some
are decidedly fulvous, like Varuna. Of13 ¢ $, all have one ocellus on
fore-wing, and four have two; none have three. Five have one small
blind ocellus on hind wings ; the rest none at all. In a few the wings
are thin, but not so as to permit the ink on the labels to show through,
while the larger number are as opaque as in Varuna; in the thinner
ones the mesia! band shows above, defined on both edges ; in the others
it shows obscurely, and often the inner edge of the band is lost in the
dark hue of the base. On the under side the general form of the
mesial band of hind wings is circular exteriorly, and in most cases the
band is broad; but in other cases it is narrow; the exterior edge is
sometimes pretty even, a little erose ; in others distinctly crenated, the
crenations not prominent ; in other cases there is a rounded prominence
opposite the cell, closely like Varuna. In the larger part of the
examples the circular or angular outline is broken near costal margin by
a slight sinus. On the inner side the band has a rounded or angular
sinus, the deepest part of which falls on median. The largest female
expands 1.6 inch., and there is the same sort of variation in colour as in
the males. One has no oceilus on fore-wing ; one has one; three have
two, and four have three ; two have no ocellus on hind wing, and all the
rest (7) have one each. In both sexes the fore-wing beneath presents a
more or less complete band running with the band of hind wings. There
is nothing of this in Varuna. Mr. Dod sent a large number of eggs,
which he obtained by confining the females over grass, though, he says,
they laid on everything except the grass.

He also sent me twenty-five true Varuna, 6 9. The Alberta are
labelled as taken from May 12th to May 23rd; the Varuna from May
20th to May 2oth.

P. S.—I am able to add that Mrs. Peart reports that the eggs of
Alberta are ribbed like Arucez, and not at all like UAZerz, which differs
from all the Chionobas eggs we have seen. Probably Varuna will be
found to have ribs of the same type as Uh/er?.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193

CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 4.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA.

My last paper dealt chiefly with Ottawa sawflies, and in the present
article I venture to describe a few Western species which have been for
some time in my collection, and which seen to be unnamed. Synoptic
tables are added as an aid to collectors of these insects.

MONOPHADNUS ATRATUS, 2. Sf.

Male—Length, 6 mm.; black, polished; head wider than thorax, eyes
prominent; antenne short and stout, third joint nearly twice as long as
fourth, four to nine sub-equal. ' Apex of femora and remainder of legs
pale. Wings slightly infumated, marginal cross-nervure straight, re-
ceived in third submarginal cell beyond the middle, second recurrent
nervure received about one-fourth from base of same cell, an opaque dot
in second.

Described from one specimen received from the Rev. G. W. Taylor,
Victoria, Vancouver Island. Allied to AZ. nigrellus, Cress., but in that
species the third and fourth joints of antennz are about equal in length,
and the marginal cross-nervure coincides with the apical nervure of third
submarginal cell. ‘

The following table may aid in separating some of the species of this
genus, but the descriptions of many of the black forms do not give any
characters sufficiently distinctive to make the determination of specimens
satisfactory. Probably a critical comparison of the types would reduce
the number.

MOoNoPHADNUS, Hartig.

t (5) Ochraceous or luteous.

2 (3) Head castaneous, also pleura and mesothorax.. . d/utus, Cress.

3 (4) Head black, mouth-parts pale............marginicollis, Nort.

4 (2) Head black, mouth-parts and orbits pale... ....Aé/ey7, Cress.

5 (8) Dull rufous or chestnut (and black).

6 (7) Segments of abdomen darker at apex.......ineguidens, Nort.

7 (6) Segments of abdomen with pale line at apex. ./ineatus, Kirby.

8 (11) Black, thorax partly rufous.

Oy C1 Ole eS MM CR, ON. cor hha cove os cis < « OOTGMS, BAY.
eS ON oy EMSS 2s See ol Ae ee a is +) 5 of elerinaee ee eO EE:
tt (:) Black, thorax black. L
12 (13) Abdomen partly rufo-testaceous.... ...........rubi, Harris.

var. hudsonicus, Kirby.

194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

13 (12) Abdomen black.

14 (21) Tegule and collar black.

Rie Atty) lees ANAC « ooo. 2c a yn pe op stn RERUNS: 0° «=n ve ei se SCER ASO EE Sy COE
16 (15) Legs partly white.

17 (18) Third joint of antennz much longer than fourth. . atratus, n. sp.
18 (17) Third joint of antenne about equal to fourth.

19 (20) Wings pale fuliginous, irridescent............#gre/lus, Cress.
20 (19) Wings hyaline, faintly clouded at base......... 9 ¢7li@, Nort.
21 (14) Tegulz and collar pale.

22 (27) Larger species, length about .25 inch.

23 (24) Legs below trochanters reddish white, base of
femora idarker we cae 6. s.cin ig. ee ees ieee

24 (25) Knees, anterior tibiz above, and base more
or less of the two posterior pair white, ..... irrogatus, Cress.

25 (26) Knees, tibiz, except tips, and four anterior

paren exceptapex, ‘Whitte. > twee sac seas oe atracornus, MacG.
26 (23) Knees, tibize, except tips of posterior, and four

anterior tarsi, Wilber. 2s siksdast <a Ne creas ete d tiliea, Nort.
27 (22) Smaller species, length .18 inch ; knees, tibize

and base of tarsiiwhite. sc 5) 5. )-'5 8 0) 5 a P O70 eS One eas

TENTHREDO MELANOSOMA, 2%. Sf.

Female—Length, 12 mm.; black, mouth-parts and anterior legs touched
with white. Head large, front deeply channeled at each side of ocelli, and
slightly roughened, face below antenne polished; antennz rather slender,
third joint one-quarter longer than fourth (terminal five joints are want-
ing); clypeus emarginate, with a quadrangular white spot on each side,
labrum, base of mandibles and palpi also white. Thorax opaque, with-
out distinct punctuation ; anterior legs with a line on apex of femora, a
line on the tibize, and the tarsi largely, yellowish-white ; a yellowish-white
line also on intermediate tibiz within; intermediate tarsi and apical
joint of posterior piceous; wings hyaline, slightly infumated beyond
middle; abdomen entirely black.

Described from one specimen received from Mr. Wickham, taken by
him at Fort Wrangel, Alaska. It seems to be quite distinct from any of
the described American species.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195

TENTHREDO NIGRISOMA, 2. sp.

Female—Length, 13-14 mm.; black with pale legs; head very large,
wider than thorax; frontal ridges well marked, antenne slender; dot at
inner summit of eye, clypeus, labrum and base of mandibles yellow, palpi
rufo-testaceous or-yellowish. Thorax opaque, roughened, especially the
scutellum; a yellow spot above posterior cox; legs, except coxze and
dots on trochanters, entirely rufous in one specimen, and much paler in
the other which has the anterior pair, the middle femora and the pos-
terior tibiz almost yellow; wings yellowish-hyaline, stigma and nervures
black, except basal half of costa, which is rufous. Abdomen wide, flat-
tened, shining, entirely black.

Described from two specimens from Victoria, V. I., received from Mr.
Taylor (dated sth June, 1888) and Mr. Wickham. Closely allied to
T. nigricostata, Prov., of which the type is in my possession, but is
larger, the sculpture of the scutellum is coarser, the clypeus and labrum
are yellow, the costa is in part rufous, and the posterior tarsi are uni-
colorous with legs,

TENTHREDO RUFICOLLIS, 7. sp.

Female—Length, 13 mm.; black, with red legs. Head not nearly so
large as in preceding species, and the frontal grooves very shallow; an-
tennz rather short and stout ; clypeus, labrum and mandibles yellow,
palpi testaceous. Thorax uniformly, not coarsely, roughened ; tegule
and a large quadrangular spot on collar bright rufous ; legs, except coxe,
rufous, the anterior pair a little paler; wings hyaline, nervures piceous,
stigma and costa paler. Abdomen long, narrow, shining, entirely black.

Described from one specimen received (through Mr. Fletcher) from
Mr. Bean and captured at Laggan, in the Rocky Mts., B. C.

The described American species of Tenthredo are now so numerous
(over eighty) that it necessitates a great deal of labour to go over all the
descriptions. The males in some groups, such as ségvata, etc, are so
variable and resemble each other so greatly that they cannot in many in-
stances be satisfactorily separated by the present descriptions. The
three species which I have described have the abdomen entirely black,
and to assist in determining them I have prepared the following table of
the species having the abdomen black, and which seem to be twenty-one,
innumber. A table of the remaining species would be very desirable.

196

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

—_

OO ON AN BW N
ye
N
“~—

TENTHREDO, Linn. (species with black abdomen )
Antenne black with apical joints white.
Four anterior tibive and tarsi testaceous.

Collar yellow.. Ae MAUR tio) 5's) occ A ORR BIE CRT fe aU
Collar black. . 2s ORS Reeves os... migricollis, Kirby.
Four anterior bee and tarsi Hoek. a a ..grandis, Nort.
Antenne wholly biack.

Wings violaceous, paler at apex....... ... aimbipennis, Nort.
Wings fuliginous, darker at apex............/umipennis, Nort.

Wings hyaline or subhyaline.

Legs black, varied with white or yellow

Head above antenne more or less yellow... .....Zobata, Nort.
Head above antennz black.

Posterior tibize black.

Tegule and edges of collar straw-white.. . .flavomarginis, Nort.
Tegule and collar black............... .melanosoma, Ni. Sp.
Posterior tibize with white annulus, wings hyaline. decorata,Prov.
Posterior tibize oak oats tip, wings sbeekis

ish hyaline. . Belts 73 . .cinctitibits, Nort.
Legs rufous, sania more or Wess wife blac: or yellow.
Peetwsamifo use sy hess tie. beeen! ade .. rufopectus, Nort.
Pectus black.
Coxe red.. 5S Ua( MARES 1a) 07 ka ARRAS eel ay
Coxe waxen rapellaweat Se rg ee ee eS
Coxe black, in phgen or in aah
Seutellum® yellow, gsic.s i. . ssc vue oe ot, slash s 0 mee CO LOS ee
Scutellum black. ‘
[.abrum and clypeus (in part) yellow.
Femora black, except tip of anterior.............coucessa, Nort.
Femora black at base only.........,....atrocerulea, Prov.

Femora largely red or testaceous.
Posterior a black, eee ase ae of

tarsi. es: : ..uniformis, Kirby.
Pustenior tarsi gna ne oe es eee or

piceous. Lhe va) « ab ett ali os er mea ee
Legs ean, excepe coxe.
Tegule and collar black................+.-.migrisoma, N. Sp.
Tegule and edges of collar rufous............ ruficollis, N. Sp.
Labrum and clypeus black ..............igricostata, Prov.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.
II. THE SCARABAEIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

The beetles of this family are more characteristic of Southern latitudes
than of cold climes like Canada ; of about six hundred species known
from America, north of Mexico, only ninety-six are recorded from
the Provinces which form the subject of the present paper. From all
other families they may at once be known by the antenne, termi-
nating in a club composed of lamelle or plates, which are capable of
close opposition or of separation at the will of the insect. The antenne
of the Lucanidz somewhat resemble them, but the leaves (or rather plates)
are not capable of being closely brought together. The only insect in
this country which would be likely to cause a doubt to arise in the mind
of anyone is Micagus, described below, in which the lamelle are not
quite approximated on their faces, but the form is decidedly not that of a
Lucanid, and no serious trouble would follow its study. The legs of all
the Scarabaeide are fossorial, often very highly so.

The larve are elongate fleshy grubs (fig 20, 2, larva of Lachnosterna),
usually whitish in colour, with a black or brown head ; the segments of
the body are transversely
wrinkled and the tip of the
abdomen bent under, so
that when taken from the
ground the larva lies on its

side. In motions they are
slow, in feeding habits di-
verse—those of the Laparo-
sticti or Coprophaga living
in dung or other refuse
matter, such as old skins
and feathers, thus render-
ing man much valuable aid
as scavengers, by removing

tee: from sight andsmell a great
deal of filth. The larvze of the Melolonthini feed on roots of living
plants, and often do vast damage, while those of the Pleurosticti eat
various substances—some of them roots, others old dung, others rotten
wood, while still other§ occur in the nests of ants.

198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nearly all the North American genera have been treated from time to
time by Dr. Horn, and his papers may be found in the Transactions of
the American Entomological Society for the past twenty years. Some of
these essays are not now easily obtainable, and while the Doctor has, with
his accustomed care, elaborated the characters useful in synoptic work in
such a way as to leave apparently little new to be discovered, it is hoped
that to many of the readers of the CanapiAN Enromo tocist the present
paper, by bringing together in one easily accessible place the scattered
material necessary for a study of the species of Old Canada, mav not be
useless nor unwelcome. ‘The tables are based on the studies of Dr.
Horn, and in one or two cases I have used his own entire in small genera,
in which case due credit will be found to be given. In other instances I
have been able, having a less number of species to handle, to use more
evident characters, such as colour and size in the separation of species.
It must be understood that these tables apply to the forms of East
Canada ov/y, and must not be used for the beetles of the West Coast nor
of the United States generally, though many forms from the New England
and other Eastern States can be identified with proper care.

It has been thought best, in order to avoid a long, complicated
generic table, to treat the family in three divisions, as proposed by Dr.
Leconte in the Classification. They may be distinguished structurally as
follows ; the notes succeeding will make the primary separation more easy
to beginners :—

“‘T. Abdominal spiracles situated zz the membrane connecting the
dorsal and ventral corneous plates, the last one covered by the
elytra.. Le Cte ees Dish. eae .. Laparostict..

tT, basinal Bpitheles in part sistiated on me superior ens of the
ventral segments, the last one usually visible behind the elytra ; the
rows of spiracles feebly diverging. . .......0. .sseeeee ssee. elolonthina.

III. Abdominal spiracles (except the anterior ones) situated in the dorsal
portion of the ventral segments, forming rows which diverge strongly.
Last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra... ....... . Pleurostictt,”

Aside from the characters given above, the Laparosticti or Coprophaga
may be ordinarily known by the possession of the following characters :

Form compact, though sometimes moderately elongate; legs usually highly

fossorial, claws simple, suture separating clypeus from front of head not

transverse, but extending up towards the vertex. The males are often
armed with horns or tubercles on the head and thorax. In the absence

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199

of other more technical knowledge, their dung-eating habits will separate
most of them from the other sub-families. The Melolonthine (of which
the “ June-bugs ” are good examples) are usually of looser, more slender
build, the legs especially being elongate and the tarsi sometimes very
slender. The clypeal suture is transverse, not extending up on the head,
and the club of the antennz is often elongated in the males. They are
entirely vegetable feeders, and occur on leaves and flowers, or flying in
the evening—never in dung. The Pleurosticti have mostly very similar
habits in the beetle state, though Zigyrus, which somewhat resembles a
Lachnosterna in form, but with stouter legs and shorter tarsi, is found
under old dung-heaps (not in fresh manure), and Cremastochilus occurs
in ants’ nests. They are ordinarily heavily-built insects, though not
always so, and in lack of knowledge of the characters presented by the
spiracles, the beginner must rely chiefly on the specific descriptions for
classifying his specimens, since I am unable to give other means for dis-
tinguishing them as a group, though readily placed properly by anyone
who has any acquaintance with the family.

The generic key to the Coprophaga, which follows, is primarily
based on the “Classification,” though for minor divisions I have not
scrupled to use such characters as colour and size—the main object
being, of course, the easier identification of their specimens by beginners
and others who have not access to libraries, either public or private.
Their further study may easily be prosecuted, by those who wish it, at the
expense of purchase of the works mentioned above.

TABLE OF GENERA OF COPROPHAGA.
A. Abdomen with six visible ventral segments.
b. Antenne with 8 to ro joints. Mandibles concealed by clypeus
except in 4y7alia.
c. Hind tibiae with a single terminal spur (except in Canthon
nigricornis), form shorter, rounded.

d. Middle and hind tibiz slender, but little expanded at
tip. Head and thorax never horned in either
eae ede terete aaa eta eaan ad S03 ERs as falco sw os ce estes Canthon.

dd. Middle and hind tibiz much expanded at tip, horns
often present.
e. Larger species (.32 to 1.10 in.), no onychium.
Colour black... 1i.0-ienas basa seaeeee - Copris.
Colours metallic and green..... coos. LAhANLUS.

200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ee. Smaller species, .14 to .34 in. Onychium
PRESEN Es Were es nooo: Santee Onthophagus.
cc. Hind tibiz with two spurs. Species oblong-convex or
subcylindrical, usually small. .
f. Mandibles visible beyond the ciypeus......... egialia.
ff. Mandibles not visible beyond the clypeus.
g. First five striz of elytra reaching apical margin (in
the Canadtanispecies) . sods. i.i essa Pleurophorus.
gg. First five striz not reaching apical margin. Head
punctured or slightly plicate.
h. Outer apical angle of hind tibiz prolonged,
Spinttorm 235.24206) Se.cee Sitetmic.a« cvdbeniegetion Atentus.
hh. Outer apical angle of hind tibiz obtuse.
Front tibiee sh babe toothed on _ outer

AUST. 5.5 inchs aetna ane teats Aphodius.
Front ‘aie with outer teeth obtuse except at
tp alsin Gaiawed MADE female ergs Dialytes.

bb. Antenne r1-jointed, mandibles prominent, visible from above ;
form often very convex, rounded.
i. Club of antenne very large, lenticular. Brown or spotted

species.
Eyes partially divided by sides of head. Males with
slyott flattened hora y vi. ie eeesrttom ete iad ++ Dolboceras.
Eyes entirely divided. Males with long slender
ROEMINA ts Gaphieal G seer i Poach £3: Nleacapnatedy £2 ee Odonteus.
il. Club of antennz looser, more flattened. Black bluish or
STOCMISH NS HOGIES dy... catsuetuasweweete poe tle ari otaas ace Geotrupes.

AA. Abdomen with five visible ventral segments.
Tarsi with distinct bisetose onychium. ‘Thorax strongly
narrowed before and behind, angulate at middle. Sculpture
NOL VAEVTOURN 5...5 ceaeeatincson ae. chins hingiotte aieea eer tate ea emcees Nicagus.
Tarsi with distinct claws, no onychium. ‘Thorax less narrowed .
anteriorly, not angulate at middle. Sculpture very rough TZyox.
CANTHON, Hoffm.

The Canadian species are black or slightly bronzed insects which may
be seen rolling balls of excrement from place to place. These balls are
buried and the eggs deposited therein, thus ensuring the larva a supply
of food. They may easily be distinguished from the three following

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201

genera by the much more slender middle and hind tibiz, which, though
very slightly expanded at the tip, are not triangularly dilated. The clypeus
has prominent teeth at middle. They may be separated as follows :—

A. Small species, .25 to .35 in., clypeus 6-dentate, hind tibiz with two

SUR SU os amen ae eee haus Pais n+ ocean sd ones wo... Migricornis, Say.

AA. Larger species, .40 to .76 in., clypeus bidentate, hind tibia with
one spur.

Prothorax distinctly granulate, 0... 50.-ca.ce ewes levis, Drury.

Prothorax without raised granules, simply

Bisa DIG Uee cast so ence ec oan neva chivas dei ve os tao abs0'o vie conse CROPCRRESMe” ELAN

Fig. 2t represents Canthon levis.
Copris, Geoff.

The species of this geaus do not transport
excrement in balls, but bury it in burrows on
the spot. The males have the head or thorax
or both variously tuberculate or horned, as
in Onthophagus, from which they differ by
the larger size and the absence of bristle-
tipped onychium between the claws. The
table gives the chief points of difference :

A. Elytra with eight strie, front of head
Fig, 21. semicircular.

Clypeus evenly and oe sonst all around. Size large,
.52 to.70 in, eer aw 1s vesceeee, Onaglypticus, Say.
Clypeus decals qin crutel at fais) nearly smooth at middle.
SIZE SONAL, 232) LOA AGU ces wixammadoeianssdoav senensieaes' minutus, Dru.

_AA. Elytra with seven ane front of head ae Length, .80 to
.. Carolina, Linn.

EDO AM wane ass dn tdon tr ine aetasics ae
Figs ae te ene C ana ye
ticus, and fig. 23, C. carolina.

Puan&us, MacLeay.
The single species reported in

green insect, with the thorax¥f
Rusually coppery-red, the head, in
the male, with a long horn. The
length varies from .48 to .88 in.
lt is 7. carnifex, Linn. The
Fig. 22, habits are the same as in Cofr7s. Bigs 23+

202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ONTHOPHAGUS, Latr.

Three species are known from Canada. They are found in dung,
under which they burrow in the same manner as Cofris. They are thus
distinguished :

A. Larger species (.16 to .34 in.). Thoraxof ¢ protuberant anteriorly.
Black, not shining ; carina of vertex in male simple, not pro-
duced at the extremities... hits sph tnassrewe-pysApmereeOlEle, te amien
Greenish or proneenee carina af vertex “pancieed at the
extremities into horns or acute tubercles in the ¢ /anus, Panz.

AA. Smaller species (.14 to .20 in.), Thorax of male without protu-
- berance.
Black, feebly shining... et tao .. pennsylvanicus, Har.

Some of the specimens of O, Tribe in élite he head of the males
has merely an acute tubercle at the ends of the vertical carina, and in
which the colour is a bright bronze or metallic green, have been separated
under the name Orpheus, Panz.

AEGIALIA, Latr.

But one species, 4. conferta, Horn, has been recorded from Old
Canada. It is asmall insect (.14 to .18 in.), piceous-black or brown in
colour, oblong-convex, somewhat broader behind. The thorax has a
distinct basal marginal line ; the spurs of the hind tibiz are rather short,
broadly expanded at tip, with a translucent border. Other species of this
genus will no doubt occur later, but the above characters will distinguish
it from any heretofore known in North America.

PLEUROPHORUS, Mulls.

A single species (PP. ventralis, Horn) has been found in Ontario. It
is an elongate, parallel, subcylindrical insect, .16 in. in length, piceous
black, with reddish brown legs. The first five strize of the elytra reach the
apical margin, and it may thus be distinguished from any Aphodiide in
the N. A. fauna. I have seen no specimens.

Ata&NIus, Harold.

Small, slender, black insects, somewhat resembling Aphodius, but
ordinarily smaller and more elongate. They frequently occur on the
banks of streams. The species are very difficult to separate, but may be
distinguished as follows, after the table given by Dr. Horn:

A. Posterior tibize with accessory spinule (a prolongation of the
apical margin on the under side adjacent to the spurs).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203

Clypeus finely punctured, not rugose....... ty atieds strigatus, Say.
Clypeus coarsely punctured or wrinkled............ cognatus, Lec.

AA. Posterior tibie without accessory spinule.
Black, shining; form slender, elongate; head closely punctate,
clypeus broadly and feebly emarginate, elytral intervals con-
vex, abdomen coarsely punctate...... 1.2.06 sereeeee gracilis, Mels.
The specimens referred to in the Canadian lists as A. stercorator, ¥.,
are presumably s¢rigatus, which was formerly placed as a synonym of
stercorator. 1am not aware that cognatus has been found in Canada, but
as it is known from the adjoining regions and might easily be mixed with
strigatus, I have included it in the table.

DiatytTeEs, Harold.

Small, dark-coloured insects, differing from Aphodius in having the
teeth of the outer margin of the anterior tibice obsolete, except the apical
one. As all the known North American species are found in Canada, I
can do no better than to reproduce the table given by Dr. Horn, in his
Monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the U. S.*

Intervals of elytra flat ; clypeus not toothed............. truncatus, Mels.
Intervals finely carinate, striae catenulate ; clypeus with an acute
LOC TY 5G ENGI olin. cctuniavcc«d Sauepeasuanecseap Aken eee econ’ vn Utkei, Horn.
Intervals Sivoniely, elevated ; chee not toothed, thorax with deep
median impression. Se AM cigs ns woe as aks chighin ALP LEMOS OO Ye

ApHopitus, Illiger.

These are commonly found in dung, and are in fact our most numerous
scavengers. Several of them, such as A. fimetarius, a large species
' with bright red elytra ; A. fossor,a large black species, and 4. :nguinatus,
which has a black thorax and variegated elytra, are well known to every
collector. Some of the Aphodii are very widely distributed, those
mentioned above, as well as granarius, our common little black species,
being found in both hemispheres. None of them construct balls for trans-
portation, but burrow in and under the dung, and the larve go through
their transformations on the spot. I have taken pupz and perfectly
fresh imagines of A. s¢ercorosus under dry dung at the end of August, in
Towa.

From Afenius, the genus Aphodius is separable by the. outer apical
angle of the hind tibiz being obtuse instead of produced and spiniform.

*Trans. Amer. Ento. Soc, XIV., 1887.

204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

This character may be tolerably easily made out with a magnifying glass
of even low power, and is, at any rate, not likely to cause much trouble, as
most of the species can be separated by their facies after a little experi-
ence. ‘The Canadian species of Atenius are all black, the legs often a
little paler, while the Aphodii, on the other hand, are usually more or less
parti-coloured. From the other neighbouring genera of the group it is
sufficiently easily distinguished by the characters giver in the table.

The following synopsis is purely artificial, and some of the variable
species occur in it twice, but as the object of these papers is simply to
make the identification of their species easier for beginners, and not to
offer new schemes of classification, it has been thought best to seize upon
the most easily seen characters. Immature specimens are easily recog-
nized, as a rule, by the softness of their integuments, and excluding these,
we can use colour as a guide to many of the species. I have therefore
separated them as follows :

A. Scutellum long (1 to 1-5 the length of the suture),-species large.
Anterior tibiz serrulate above the teeth. Colour black, .4o to

.44 1n.. ee Deed ah aa a =, eV ilatanenegsebcuae ones <a RNO fp Leltnine
Ante viog “tibise not seta Se Note: the teeth. Colour variable,
SAO sAOMM clasts scar sorcueiun wajatiareels ov’ x aees eapanaameaeies hamatus, Say.

AA. Scutellum short (not more than % to 1-10 the length of the suture),
size variable.
b. Colour above uniform black or piceous black, tip of elytra
sometimes reddish.
c. Body beneath black or piceous, varying to brownish.
d. Front distinctly trituberculate.

First joint of hind tarsus not longer than next two,

pT GAG a2 Slaves sv woniptaw eaes «tar aaeesd eranarius, Linn.

First joint of hind tarsus slightly longer than next

£WO, :T3.£022 ID. ex serceessidvenatcerss RUTICNLGgi Mere,

First joint of hind tarsus equal to next three, .14

to .20 in.. Bahr sieavacetjecces VILLQLUS; OAV-n0VOne

dd. Front witout Maeetates
Small species, .16 to .20 in. Elytra reddish at

CID:,. sees dascnekbenpeteetrden soko se; aah terminalis, Say.
Larger, .28 to. 36 in. Elytra unicolor-
ous. cee vdanech teases OCLOREUS, Dave

cc. Body ohne not Black (abdomen, metasternum and
legs pale yellow,) .18 tO .24 iM....... cesses sere bicolor, Say.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOZLCGIST. 205

bb. Colour above not uniform black nor piceous black. Variable.
e. Elytra vittate, or spotted, or both.
Large, margins of head and thorax paler, .26 to .28
TRE aaa ci Cah rc ars'c sa»: bina $40 Se pee ee .....eopardus, Horn.
Smaller, head black, anterior angles or entire sides of
thorax paler, .18 to .22 in...............2aguinatus, Fabr.
Sides of thorax not paler,
Smaller (.16 to.20 in.), abdomen black. véttatus, Say.
Larger (.18 to .24 in.), abdomen
VSO Weer tern aise.ic. vee ss apes cue Gdcnse bicolor, Say, var.
ee. Elytra not distinctly vittatenor spotted, sometimes fuscous,
f. Thorax black or piceous, sides more or less yellow or
reddish.
Elytra bright red, .26 to .34 in......fimetarius, Linn.
Elytra of greasy aspect, pubescence well marked,
colour almost fuscous, .18 to .26 in. femoralis, Say.
Elytra shining, pubescence feeble, deciduous, colour
more yellow than fuscous, .22 to
ROMMM es Gasinty as neltradealtstskaan-aes Dar prodromus, Brahm.
ff. Thorax black, sides not yellowish,
por A SMM taicatenen ss cove watered nes .rubripennis, Horn.
fff. Ferruginous brown, head and thorax slightly darker,
UF ANEO PHO reds ceccecarecaesatee.s ai oie eS PEMRIS,) ELOLI.

Two of the names (A. Ayperboreus and A. dentiger) which occur in
the Society’s List do not appear in the above table. The former is a

variety of Aamatus, with fainter striz and flat interspaces, while the

reference of a Canadian species to dentiger, otherwise known only from

South-western Texas and Arizona, is almost certainly incorrect.

Bo.soceras, Kirby.

Two species are known in North America, of which only the first is
reported from Canada. They may be separated thus:
Colour uniform brown, shining, .........5.. <cecaeres ceeeeeen lazarus, Fabr.

Colour above yellow, head black, thorax more or less black at base

and on disk, Elytra with suture and apex black.........farctus, Fabr.

206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

OpontTzus, Kl.

The males of this genus may easily be known from those of Bolboceras
by their long slender cephalic horn. The females may be placed in their
proper genus by the complete division o1 the eyes by the side of the head.
Two species are known from Old Canada, the males of which may be
separated by the following table, the characters used having been pointed
out by Dr. Horn. Unfortunately, I have seen no females and am unable
to give characters for their specific distinction :

Horn of head fixed, less slender......... Sh Rae teeere, cornigerus, Mels.

Horn of head moveable, more slender................-. ...fi/icornis, Say.
GEOTRUPES, Latr.

The three recorded Canadian species are large insects, bronzed,
greenish or purplish in colour, easily found in dung during the summer.
They do not transport balls, but burrow under the mass. The members
of this genus have been very thoroughly studied by Jekel, Horn and
Blanchard, so that new characters for their separation can hardly be
devised. After study of their tables I offer the following, essentially that of
Dr. Horn:

First joint of hind tarsus shorter than next three; claws of middle

fanS1 CHEESE ID ioc suave nabee canes cbs eabiabellomn stages ms OL 7002 Cl ALS weed

First joint of hind tarsus equal to next three; claws of ¢ normal.

Elytral strize with coarse crenate punctures............ Egeriei, Germ.
Elytral strize with rather fine punctures............ Blackburnit, Fabr.

Fig. 24 shows a specimen of G. splendidus.
NicaGus, Lec.

The only species is JV. obscurus, Lec., a reddish-
brown or blackish-brown insect, something over a
quarter of an inch in length; clothed with short, nearly
white hair. The antennal club is large, but the lamellze
do not touch one another at base, though they some-
times meet at the tips. The thorax has a distinct angu-
‘lation of the sides behind the middle, and is fimbriate

Fig. 24. with rather long hairs. Dr. Leconte says it has been
found flying around heaps of putrid fish,—this is the only record of the
habits that I have met with.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207

Trox, Fabr. ;

The species of Trox are rough, dirty-looking, brown insects, usually
more or less incrusted with earthy matter, found under dry carrion and
old hides or feathers. ‘They are quite uniform in appearance and are
consequently not readily separated, more particularly as they vary to
some degree in sculpture within specific limits. Iam entirely unable to
find constant and easily recognized characters on which to make groups
otherwise than those established by Dr. Horn, and the table, therefore,
follows his own exactly :

A. Scutellum hastate (¢.e., shaped like a spear-head). Large species.
Sides of prothorax near base often with feeble incision. Elytra
with rows of distinct smooth tubercles. Length,
ba AEA. Wb ceeain a tales Plana Pash atk < eA Sp maak pe ieiasasas punctatus, Germ.

AA. Scutellum oval, species smaller. Hind femora without spinules on
posterior margin,
b. Tubercles of elytra with black sete.

Tubercles elevated, setze erect, rather long. Length, .25 to

Bas, Wha sctcc ey, rote a cond isee a gs Geen selda=< savess$s 385 erinaceus. Lec.
Tubercles indistinct, setze short. Length, .36
GAME cease! eee Leis so aitian Se tats side dneinitelny MAD ELLIS: AY.

bb. Tubercles of elytra with pale or rufous hairs or scales.
c. Elytra distinctly tuberculate.
d. Thoracic ridges straight or nearly so.
Elytral margin serrulate or crenulate at base. Length,

52 QO OT ee aye anes Sa cca sty See otek Baas ak sordidus, Lec.

Elytral margin entire at base. Length, .40 to

BAG Wise ease tes o:480 ie Ar edebi.'cctas MIS MiatHs; Besline

dd. Thoracic ridges very sinuous. Length, .20 to

ean RL Sak Ra Ce tee Oe 2s See soy ae aE terrestris, Say.

cc, Elytral tubercles very indistinct, being replaced by patches
of setz.

Anterior tibiz not serrulate above the lateral tooth.

Peewegr ieee 5 MIN eek ioc 3 tone shagdece seamemeat equalis, Say.

Anterior tibiz serrulate near the base. Length, .20 to
ADS ae hee ee ee IAI: o's sida soc mat states < Seeten scaber, L

208 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST.

CORRESPONDENCE.

OCCURRENCE OF TRIPTOGON OCCIDENTALIS IN MAITOBA.

Sir,—About four years ago a specimen of this moth came: to light
one evening through an open window. I saw no more until last year,
when I found two large pupe at the foot of a white poplar tree. One of
them produced the perfect insect, but the other was unfortunately a failure,
and only produced a number of Tachinous flies. I also caught, attracted
by light, a fine female moth which laid several eggs. Unfortunately I was
unable to watch them very closely, and several hatched out, and the larvee
died. I succeeded, however, in partially rearing one on the leaves of the
white poplar. This is a rough description of the larva :—Colour, polar-
green. Head large and square and with an inverted v mark. Yeliow or
gold ring between first and second, and second and third segments.
Yellowish-white stripe from anal horn, which is very small, and whitish
forward to the last pair of legs. This after 3rd or 4th moult. After 5th
moult, the head became yellowish-white with a pinkish tinge-horn almost
disappeared ; the line from the horn assumed a purplish shade; slight
oblique lines on each segment. Eight pink spiracles on either side. Pro-
legs and claspers, pink, and above the anus a heart-shaped patch of pale
bright green. Colour, whitish poplar-green, skin very rough, 2 yellow
bands between first segments as before. Shortly after taking this note the
larva died. From time to time I have seen a few specimens of MWacro-
glossa bombyliformiz, (1 use the name of the English lists as I am unable

to see any difference, and in any case you will know the insect I mean),
but last year it and JAZ. fuciformis simply swarmed on the blossom of the
wild plum and wild black currant. At the same time I took two speci-
mens of a species of Deilephila closely allied to D. Gadiz. This is the
second species of this genus that I have taken.

As Southern Manitoba may be unknown to many of your readers, a
short description of my place may be of some interest. I am some 120
miles west of Emerson, and 12 miles north of the boundary line. It is
intersected by a stream running in a deep ravine, the banks of which are
clothed with oak, white and black poplar, elm, birch, ash-leaved maple,
willows of very many species, ash, cherries, Saskatoon Amelanchier
alnifolia, cranberry, gooseberry, currants, plum, hazel and Cratzgus
thorn. The prairie, too, is not the generally conceived grassy sea, but is
dotted with clumps of poplar, willow, etc., and with here and there
patches of E/eagnus argentea, in prairie parlance “ wolf-willow,” roses,
etc. E. F. Heatu, the Hermitage, Cartwright, Manitoba.

Maiied July 6th.

Une _ _

VOL. XXVIL LONDON, “AUGUST, 1894. No. 8.

CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 5

5.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C.. OTTAWA,

This paper contains descriptions of some apparently new species of
ichneumons from British Columbia. Most of these are contained ina
very interesting collection made by the Rev. G. W. Taylor, during his
residence at Cedar Hill, near Victoria, V.I. When Mr. Taylor left
Ottawa to return to Victoria, about three years ago, he very generously
handed over to me his Hymenoptera, only asking that I should publish a
list of the species. To enable me to fulfil this request, I have found it
necessary to first prepare descriptions of the new species.

Sub-family ICHNEUMONIN.
ICHNEUMON TAYLORII, 0. Sp.

Male—Length, 15-16 mm. Ferruginous varied with yellow. Head
ferruginous on vertex, the posterior margin, a spot enclosing the ocelli
and another above the antenne, black ; face, cheeks below, mandibles
and palpi yellow ; antenne long and slender, black, with scape yellow.
‘Ehorax with the sutures more or less black ; the mesonotum, upper
nargin of pleura and base of metathorax ferruginous ; remainder yellow,
ir cluding the scutellum ; legs almost yellow, the posterior femora, apical
half of tibiz and the tarsi pale ferruginous ; cox yellow, the middle and
p) )sterior pairs with a black spot within ; wings yellowish hyaline, nervures
piceous, stigma yellow, costa ferruginous. Abdomen with the basal seg-
ments varied with yellow, the terminal ones almost ferruginous ; postpet-
ioje and base of following segment aciculated, gastrocceli shallow ; one
specimen has a narrow black line at base of segments 3—5, the other a i
only a black spot on petiole beneath.

4 This handsome species is described from two @ specimens ‘Boro
Victoria, V. I., collected by my friend, the Rev. G. W. Taylor, F. R: <4 C. mf |
after whom I have much pleasure in naming it. ‘

¢ d iY

“; lle

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210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ICHNEUMON OCCIDENTALIS, n. Sp.

Female—Length, 11 mm. Rufo-ferruginous. Head rufous, subtuber-
culate beneath antenne, face sparsely punctured ; antenne black, thick-
ened towards apex, with a white annulus, scape rufous. Thorax mostly
black ; the mesonotum, scutellum and spot at base of metathorax rufous,
legs entirely rufous, except apical joint of tarsi, which is brownish.
Abdomen rufous; postpetiole and two following segments closely opaquely
punctured, remaining segments shining ; gastrocceli oblique, linear; a
strong transverse depression near apex of the same segment.

Described from one ? specimen taken at Victoria, Vancouver Island, '
in Noy., 1890, by Mr. Taylor.

PLATYLABUS PACIFICUS, Nn. Sp.

Female—Length, 9 mm. Black, with rufous abdomen and legs. Head
small, closely punctured ; palpt reddish, antennz entirely black, slightly
stouter beyond the middle. Thorax closely punctured, the pleurz more
coarsely ; metathorax rugose, excavated behind ; carine indistinct, angles
subspinose ; legs rufous, coxe and trochanters black ; wings subhyaline,
stigma and nervures reddish, areolet pentagonal. Abdomen rufous,
polished, except postpetiole, which is aciculated, with two dorsal carine
not reaching the apex ; ovipositor slightly exseried.

Described from one ? specimen from Vancouver Island (Taylor).

CENTETERUS CANADENSIS, n. sp.

Female—Length, 5 mm. Black; legs and band on abdomen rufous.
Head large, vertex and cheeks polished, face punctulate ; mandibles
rufous, palpi pale; antennz black, scape ovai, red beneath, joints 3-5
subequal, about twice the length of the remaining joints, which are about
as broad as long. Thorax black, shining, the mesonotum and pleure
with sparse faint punctures, the metathorax distinctly areolated, the angles
spiniform ; legs rufous, the posterior cox, tibie at apex and tarsi
piceous. Abdomen polished, first and apical segments black ; two, three
and base of four rufous.

Descriped from 3 2 specimens from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

HERPESTOMUS FLAVICOX#, nN. Sp.

Male—Length, 6 mm.—Black, with rufous legs. Head black, front
rounded, sparsely punctate ; clypeus, mandibles and palpi yellow ; antennz
stout, black above, piceous beneath, scape yellow. Thorax black,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Oth

mesonotum sparsely punctulate ; scutellum with fine central carina ; meta-
thorax distinctly areolated, the posterior face striated; legs red, four
anterior cox and trochanters vellow, posterior cox black, tipped with
yellow, trochanters yellow, spotted above with black, tips of posterior
tibia and their tarsi brownish ; wings hyaline, a little dusky, stigma and
nervures dark, areolet rather large, pentagonal. Abdomen black, with
the incisures and lateral margins rufo-testaceous.
Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)
Sub-family Cryprin&.

CRYPTUS VANCOUVERENSIS, N. Sp.

Female—Length, rr-15 mm. _ Black, with rufous abdomen and legs.
Head transverse, not much swollen behind the eyes, closely punctured,
inner orbits narrowly whitish; a rounded shining tubercle below the
antenne ; clypeus swollen, shining, touched with white in one specimen ;
palpi blackish ; antennz long and slender, black, the scape rufous
beneath. Thorax entirely black; the pleure and metathorax closely,
almost rugosely, punctured ; metathorax not distinctly areolated ; meso-
notum and scutellum shining, finely and sparsely punctulate; wings
fuliginous with violaceous reflections ; tegulz piceous ; legs, including coxze
and trochanters, bright red; terminal joint of tarsi piceous ; posterior
tibiz darker toward apex, the tarsi yellowish. Abdomen entirely red,
highly polished ; the ovipositor as long as abdomen without petiole, red,
the sheaths black.

This handsome species is described from three ? specimens from
Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

CRYPTUS VICTORIENSIS, N. sp.

Female—Length, 7-9 mm. Black ; abdomen and legs mostly rufous.
. Head subrugosely punctured beneath antenne, closely but more finely
above ; inner orbits and edge of clypeus narrowly white ; antennz long,
slender, black, with a short white line above on joints 9-11. Thorax
coarsely punctured, but somewhat shining, scutellum polished, with few
punctures ; metathorax rounded, with transverse carina, but not areolated ;
collar, tegule, scutellum and posterior angles of metathorax with minute
white dots ; legs rufous, including coxe, posterior tibiz and tarsi black,
the former with a pale annulus near the base, the latter with joints 2-4
white in one specimen, but partly black in the other; wings almost
hyaline, areolet small, nearly quadrangular. Abdomen polished rufous ;

212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

postpetiole with scattered punctures, second segment strongly and densely
punctured, third more finely, remainder polished, scarcely punctate ;
petiole partly and the three or four terminal segments black, the latter
narrowly margined with white ; ovipositor one-half as long as abdomen,
sheaths black.

Described from two 2 specimens from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor). A
pretty little species resembling somewhat in coloration C. extrematis,
Cress., but easily separated by the smaller size and the much coarser
punctuation.

CRYPTUS FLAVIPES, Nn. sp.

Female—Length, 4mm. Black, with yellowish legs. Head small,
finely punctulate, vertex shining ; spot on mandibles and palpi pale ;
antenne wanting. Mesonotum polished ; metathorax rounded, closely
punctured, without distinct carinz ; legs, including coxe, pale rufo-testa-
ceous, tips of posterior tibie and tarsi darker; tegule pale, nervures
‘brownish, stigma paler. Abdomen with first and second segments closely,
finely punctulate ; terminal segments with apical margins indistinctly
whitish ; ovipositor as long as abdomen, red, with piceous sheaths.

Described from one 2 specimen from Victoria, V. I, (Taylor.)

CHARETYMMA ASHMEADII, N. sp:

Female—Length, 8 mm. Black, with redlegs. Head transverse, as
wide as thorax, polished, eyes prominent, front with sparse punctuation,
slightly concave, with a small shallow basin above each antenna ; cheeks
polished, impunctate ; face below antenne finely opaquely punctured ;
palpi pale; antennze wanting. Thorax entirely black, very slightly
pubescent ; sides of prothorax striated; mesonotum prominent, the
middle lobe slightly advanced, polished with sparse fine punctures, pleurz
closely, not coarsely, punctate ; scutellum polished ; metathorax closely
punctured, opaque; posterior transverse carina distinct, but metanotum not
areolated ; legs, including cox and trochanters, entirely red; wings
rather small, slightly infumated, nervures and stigma piceous, areolet
medium in size, subpentagonal, considerably higher than wide. Abdomen
as long as head and thorax, black ; first segment gradually expanded to
tip, finely opaquely punctulate and with fine lateral carinz ; second seg-
ment as wide as long, also finely opaquely punctulate, except at apex ;
remaining segments polished ; the ovipositor longer than abdomen, red,
with black, polished sheaths.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 213

Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor), and
named after Mr. W. H. Ashmead, as a slight recognition of the invaluable
assistance which I have received from him in my‘studies of the Canadian
hymenoptera. He kindly examined this species, and states that it
‘comes nearest to Cryptus velox, Cr., judging from description. I have
another specimen in my collection from Colorado, but with the ovipositor
a little shorter than in your specimen.” It differs, however, from C. velox
(to which I refer a species taken at Ottawa) in the entirely red legs, the
darker wings with narrower areolet, the finer sculpture of metathorax, the
shorter ovipositor with non-pubescent valves, etc., although the general
appearance of the two species is much the same.

HEMITELES OCCIDENTALIS, Nn. Sp. iy

-Female—Length, 5 mm. Black, with rufous abdomen and legs. Face
subtuberculate ; edge of clypeus and mandibles rufous, palpi pale ;
antennz piceous, the scape and basal joints of flagellum partly rufous.
Metathorax areolated ; legs, inciuding coxre, rufous, also the tegule.
Abdomen polished; the petiole black, and terminal segments dusky ;
ovipositor as long as abdomen, sheaths piceous.

Described from one 2 specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

HEMITELES PICEIVENTRIS, N. sp.

Female—Length, 3.5 mm. Black, with piceous abdomen and pale
legs. Head finely punctulate above ; palpi pale, antenne piceous, 23-
jointed. Thorax shining, the mesonotum finely punctulate, metathorax not
spined, carinz feeble ; legs yellowish, the coxz and posterior tarsi almost
piceous ; tegulee pale, nervures and stigma brownish. Abdomen piceous,
‘shining, the first and second segments finely punctulate, ovipositor
scarcely as long as abdomen.

Described from one 2 specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)
CREMNODES CANADENSIS, N. sp.

Female—Length, 4.5 mm. Rufo-testaceous. Head viewed from
above sub-quadrate, the face swollen as in Exochus, punctulate beneath
antenne ; eyes small; antennz 18-jointed, almost as long as body and
moderately robust. Thorax more strongly constricted than in Pezomachus ;
metathorax sharply truncate and the angles strongly spined. Abdomen
with the first segment slender, not expanded posteriorly, remaining seg-
ments compressed laterally, truncate at apex and strongly polished, the
second more than twice as long as all the others ; ovipositor very short.

214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Described from one 2 specimen from Queen Charlotte Islands, sent
by the Rev. J. H. Keen to Mr. Fletcher. A very interesting wingless
species, with rufous head and abdomen, and testaceous thorax and legs.
The compressed abdomen is more like that of an ophionid than of a
cryptid.

PEZOMACHUS KEENII, Nn. sp.

Female—Length, 3-4 mm. Fulvo-ferruginous. Head slightly darker
than rest of body ; antennz 19-20 jointed, more or less obscured toward
apex ; cheeks polished. Thoracic nodes subequal, not very prominent,
faintly sulcate ; legs concolorous with thorax. Abdomen ovate beyond
the first segment, which is rather suddenly expanded posteriorly ; terminal
segments slightly yellow in one specimen ; ovipositor very short, sheaths
black. .

Described from four 2 specimens from Queen Charlotte Islands, col-
lected by the Rev. J. H. Keen, after whom I have much pleasure in
naming the species, as a recognition of his efforts to advance our know-
ledge of the insect fauna of this distant portion of the Dominion.

SUBDIVISION OF THE PIERINA! BASED ON PUP.
BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S.. LONDON, ENGLAND.

An oversight (ante, p. 167, line 27) leads me to state that it is in the
Aporid section of the Prerine that the pupa has the abdominal segments
5 and 6 moveable, whilst in the Pierids proper only 5 is moveable. The
Pieridi have until now always included the Aporid section ; as a matter
of fact, many European systematists have placed our Aforia crataegi in
the genus Pieris.

There can be no doubt that Aforza represents a very ancestral form
of the Pierine, and, as such, is structurally different in all its stages from
its Pierid allies ; at the same time I am firmly convinced that the Aporidi
is as distinct from the Pieridi as is the Anthocharidi.

I am looking forward, with scme degree of interest, to the records of
observers which will tell us the American species of Pierine that have
the pup with two (5 and 6) moveable abdominal segments (Aporidi) ;
which species have but one (5) moveable segment (Pierzd7), and which
are solid (Authocharidi), and how far the structure of the pupa agrees
with the neuration of these types.

TILE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215

AN OMITTED PHYCITID.
/BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY.
I have not been able to find in the Philadelphia List of Lepidoptera

the following species :—
DIORYCTRIA, Zell.

Reniculella, Grt. ( Pinipestis), N. Am. Ent., 67; Pack., Bull. Dep. Agr.
Ent., xili., p. 21, 23; Fifth Rep. on Insects Inj. to Forest
and Shade Trees, 854; Romanoff, Mem. Sur les Lep. Tome
vii., Ragonot id. 200, Planche xxii., fig. 12.

My type is in the British Museum, where it has been examined by M.
Ragonot, who compares it in his description with the European D.
abietreila, from which this authority finds it to differ structurally. The
figure in M. Ragonot’s magnificent work seems to me excellent. I take
this occasion to express my dissent from the classification adopted in the
Philadelphia List. In 1878 I separated the Epipaschiine ( Epipaschia)
from the Phycitine (Phycide). The two groups I regard as divisions of
the Pyralidee, equal in value to the Crambing and Galleriine. So far as
I can discover, I first drew attention to the peculiar structure of the
female frenulum in the Pzyciting. At the time I did not know that the
old term Pycis (used also by Walsh for our American species) had been
superseded by /Phycita. Messrs. Scudder and Burgess first gave us
genitalic species; Lederer had used the genitalia for subgeneric and
generic divisions, and latterly is followed by Smith. Now comes Mr.
Hulst, whose mission seems to be to carry out the methods of other
entomologists to extremes, and gives us genitalic subfamilies.

Besides the above-mentioned species of Déoryctria, Mr. Ragonot

figures the following North American Phycitine originally described by

me: Salebria contatella and var. guingue punctella, Meroptera pravella,

Dioryctria aurantiacella, Pyla scintillans, Nephopteryx scobiella, Ambesa

laetella, Dioryctria (Pinipestis) Zimmermanni, Acrobasis tricolorella, A.

demotella.

In my paper alluded to above, Bull. U. S. Geol. Survey, [ gave, for
the first time in American scientific publications, figures of the neuration
and descriptions of the structure of the Phyciting. At the time only
the first part of my intended work was prepared for the printer. I had
purposed the working out of all the American genera in my collection.
We have now a most carefully written and beautifully illustrated work by
M. Ragonot, which can be studied with pleasure and profit by all Ameri-
can students occupying themselyes with the collection of these little but
very interesting moths,

216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

DESCRIPTION OF A-NEW SPECIES OF DORYCEPHALUS.
BY HERBERT OSBORN, AMES, IOWA.
Dorycephalus platyrhynchus, 0. sp.

¢ —Head produced and very flat, rounded in front, wings reaching
tip of abdomen; colour gray-brown. Length, 9 mm. Length of head,
2.3 mm.

Head thin foliaceous, margins very thin, a median, thicker space,
which beneath widens to base of head, forming a convex keel. Eyes
touching prothorax. Ocelli on margin of head, just in front of eyes, a
rather obscure mottling of brown along the disk of the head and forming
a rather distinct median stripe, a dark stripe under the tip of the head,
dividing and passing along the margins of the keel, a distinct blackish
line under the eye, and extended as a brownish stripe on thorax. Pro-
thorax transverse, with five slightly elevated convex ridges, the anterior
margin nearly straight, with slight sinuosities, the posterior margin concave
in front of the scutellum. Scutellum wider than long, convex in front,
with an acute point at the apex between bases of elytra, with a transverse
furrow behind the middle, deflected laterally. Elytra strongly veined,
costal margin arcuated, with a humeral furrow, very minutely punctate.
Legs rather slender, anterior femora fuscous beneath. Middle and
posterior femora with rows of fuscous dots forming a stripe beneath.
Tibiz fuscous beneath.

Described from two male specimens, one collected at Ames, Iowa, by
Prof. C. P. Gillette, the other collected at West Point, Nebraska, by Prof.
Lawrence Bruner.

Female larger than male ; pale yellow, with dark median line on head
and prothorax. Length, 14.5 mm. Head longer than in male, central
carina above darker. Elytra short, reaching one-half way on to the 4th
segment of the abdomen. Wings shorter, reaching nearly to posterior
margin of the 2nd segment of the abdomen. Abdomen elongate and
acuminate. First 6 segments about equal in length; 7th narrow, elon-
gate and combining with remaining segments to form the sheath of ovi-
positor. Ovipositor long, the sheath simple beginning at the 5th ventral
segment.

Since forwarding the description of the male a special student in ento-
mology, Mr. E. D. Ball, has brought in another male and the female here
described.

The larger size and elongate, slender abdomen gives this quite a
different appearance from the male, but I think there can be no question
as to the identity of the two forms. The specimen in hand has somewhat
the appearance of being fresh from the pupa stage, on account of the
lighter colour and soft appearance of the body, but the wings appear fully
developed, and in other respects it indicates maturity.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217

SOME INDIANA ACRIDID.—III.
BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA.

In the two preceding papers of this series 36 species and 3 varieties
of Acrididz have been recorded as occurring in Indiana. Since the last
paper, published in the Enromotocist for February, 1892, appeared, five
additional species have been taken within the State, and many facts have
been gathered concerning.the life history, habits and range of the species
previously recorded. Moreover, my private collection has been largely
increased by exchange for specimens from other parts of the United
States, and I have possessed myself of almost all the literature extant
upon the group, so that I am enabled to clear up a few mistakes in
synonymy which crept into my first papers.

ACRIDID.
ACRIDINE.

OEDIPODINI.

1. AULOCARA SCUDDERI, Bruner.
Aulocara Scudderi, Bruner, Proc. U.S.Nat. Mus., XII., 1890, 63.

This small locust was first taken in Indiana on July 6th, 1892, from
the sandy bed of the old Wabash and Erie Canal, five miles north of
Terre Haute, Vigo Co. Other specimens were secured at the same
locality in September of that year, and in September and October of 1893.

On one side of the canal, at the point mentioned, is a large pond,
occupying perhaps 50 acres of the Wabash River bottoms, and on the
_Other side is a sandy hill or bluff of the river, which is covered with
typical prairie grasses and plants. The locust has been found only in an
area of about five acres, on the side of the hill, and in the bed of the
canal. When disturbed it leaps vigorously, and without noise, for several
times in succession ; then, settling down on a sandy spot, it will allow a
close approach, evidently relying upon the similarity of colour between its
body and the sand to shield it from observation. According to Bruner,
foc. cit., itis a very common species west of the Mississippi; but this
I believe, is its first record east of that stream, unless the species men-
tioned by McNeill, in his “Illinois Orthoptera,”* as Philobostroma
parva (?), be the same.

*Psyche, VI., 64.

218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

2. SPHARAGEMON OCULATUM, Morse.
Spharagemon oculatum,Morse,Proc. Bost.Soc. Nat. Hist ,
XXVI., 1894, 232.

On August 1, 1892, I visited Lake Maxinkuckee, Marshall Co.,
Indiana, and in a sandy, fallow field, near the south-western border of the
lake, I found this locust to be quite abundant in company with Spharage-
mon bolli, Scudder. They never leaped when disturbed, but used the
wings to propel them in a flight of about 30 yards; the males making a
faint crackling noise as they cleared themselves from the earth, while the
females were noiseless. A number of pairs were taken in copulation on
this date.

On August 17, 1893, I again visited the locality, and found the field
to be in corn, but the Spharagemon was very common over about two
acres of the most sandy portion. Resting on the soil between the rows,
they were very difficult of detection, and eight times out of ten were not
seen until! flushed, unless they had previously been “‘ marked down” as
they alighted. A few were also taken from the sandy margin of the lake,
but careful search over a wide extent of territory failed to reveal them
elsewhere.

Without specimens for comparison, and from the literature at hand, I
determined them doubtfully as Spharagemon collare, Scudder, and sent
specimens so named to Prof. A. P. Morse, who was making a detailed
study of the genus. He found that they differed from the type specimens
of co/lare in Mr. Scudder’s collection, and so described them as new, under
the name cited above.

3. TRIMEROTROPIS MARITIMA (Harris). The Maritime Locust.
Locusta maritima, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, 178.
Ocedipoda maritima, Uhler, in Harris Rep., Zoc. cit.
Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat, Hist.
VIIL., 1862, 472.
Thomas, Syn. Acrid, N.A., 1873, 124.

Trimerotropis maritima, Stal, Recens. Orth., I., 1873, 135.
Scudder, Dist. Ins. N. Hamp., 1874, 378.
Thomas, Ninth Rep. St. Ent., Ill., 1880, 113.
Fernald, Orth., N. Eng., 1888, 45.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 919

Among a number of Orthoptera which were collected by Prof. E. E.
Slick at Michigan City, Indiana, on September 18, 1892, and forwarded
to me, was a single 9 of this species. I immediately returned it to him
with the request that, if possible, he secure a number of others. On
October 15, there having been several severe frosts in the meantime, he
sent 18 additional specimens, 6 of which were ¢’s. At the same time he
wrote concerning them as follows: ‘‘ Some were found dead and others
could but jump one or two feet. I did not realize when the first lot
was sent how nearly these were like the sand, because they were so wild.
They were never more than roo feet from the edge of the water (Lake
Michigan), and never along even the hillsides.”

The only record which has come under my notice of the occurrence
of maritima west of the Atlantic coast is the brief one given by Thothas
in his Ninth Illinois Report, Zoc. ci#., where he says: ‘‘ This has been dis-
covered only in the extreme northern part of the State.;” but he does not
state when nor by whom it was taken. McNeill includes it in his list of the
Illinois Orthoptera (PsycHE VI., 64), on the strength of the above state-
ment by Thomas.

Mr. Scudder, in his Distribution of Insects in N. Hamp., Joc. cit,
writes of it as follows: ‘This curious grasshopper is a good example of
mimicry, for it so closely resembles the colour of the sand on a sea
beach that it is difficult to see it when alighted. It is found only in such
localities, and reaches its northern limit about the narrow part of the
State washed by the sea. South-west it extends at least as far as New
Jersey.”

TETTIGIN.
4. TETTIX ARENOSUS, Burmeister,
Tettix arenosa, Burmeister, Handbuch II., 1838, 659.

Tettix arenosus, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist.,
XIX., 1877, go.
Bolivar, Essai Sur. les. Tettig., 1887.
95:

Tettix ornatus, Scudder, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist., VIL,
1862, 474 (In part.)
Thomas, Syn. Acrid., 1873, 184 (In

part.)
(Not Zettix ornatus, Say.)

930 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

In Indiana this grouse locust is much less common than Z: ornatus,
Say, with which species it has been confounded by many writers. Bur-
meister’s description was so short and unsatisfactory that unless one
could examine his types it is impossible to determine what species he had
at hand.

Bolivar, in his “ Essai,” separates the group containing orvatus from
that containing arenosus by the difference in the relative length of the
pronotum, but collectors of these insects know that this character is of
little value on account of its great variation in the same species. More-
over, he gives the length of pronotum of ovatus as 7 5-9 mm., and states
that it does not exceed the tip of the posterior femora. A glance at
Say’s description and figure will show that he was wrong concerning both
of these points, as the length of pronotum there, and the average length
in many specimens at hand, is about 11.5 mm..

Arenosus,as I have it separated in my collection, is a somewhat
shorter and broader species than ornatus, and with the median carina of
the pronotum and vertex much more distinct. The granulations on the
pronotum are longer and more irregularly distributed, and, especially on
the posterior half, have a tendency to arrangement in short, oblique waves
or ridges, while the median sulcus of the face is wider in its lower half
than in ornatus.

The general colour of avenosus is darker and the annulations of the
antenne and legs are much more distinct than in ormatus, which in colour
is an exceedingly variable insect. But little practice is necessary to
quickly distinguish the two species in the field.

Arenosus in this vicinity is found in small numbers about gravelly
hillsides, and occasionally in company with Z. cucud/atus about the
borders of streams, while ovatus is a very common species in dry upland
woods.

' 5. TETTIX GRANULATUS (Kirby).

Acridium granulatum, Kirby, ‘Fauna Bor. Am.,IV., 1837, 251.”
Tettix granulatus,Scudder, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., VII.,1862,474.
Thomas, Syn. Acrid. N.A., 1873, 182.
Bethune, Can. Ent. VII., 1875, 130. (Copy
of Orig. Desc.)
Riley, Rep. U.S. Ent. Commi, I), 1377, 256;
fig, II.
Bolivar, Essai Sur. les Tettig , 1887. 91.
McNeill, Psyche, VI., 1891, 77.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pie

Tettix ornata, Harris, Ins. Inj. to Veg., 1862, 186. (Not
Tettix ornatus, Say.)
I have found this species in both Vigo and Fulton counties, and McNeill,
Joc. cit., has recorded it from Franklin Co., Ind.

In Vigo Co. it is evidently scarce, as I have taken it only in winter
from beneath logs, in the vicinity of the large pond mentioned above,
under Aulocara Scudderi. In Fulton Co., 150 miles north, I found it
very common in the depths of a tamarack swamp, in company with
Tettigidea polymorpha, Burm.

In life, the inner wings of grauu/atus are bluish or bottle green, a
character I do not remember to have seen noted by any previous writer.

It is an insect of wide distribution, extending from ocean to ocean,
and northward through British America. Vigo county is probably near
the southern limit of its range.

* *
*

NOTES ON SOME OF THE SPECIES MENTIONED IN THE PREVIOUS PAPERS.

LEPTYSMA MARGINICOLLIS, Serville. (C. E., XXIV., 28.*)

The only habitat of this species in Indiana, known to date, is the
margin of the large river bottom pond mentioned in my previous paper.
This has been partially drained, and, as a result, the locust was quite
scarce in the autumn of 1893. I was much surprised, however, to find
there, on May 2st, a fully developed male, with soft, flabby wings, as
though just moulted, though no others of any age were seen on that date.

TRUXALIS BREVICORNIS, Linn. (C. E., XXIII., 75.)

This has proven to be a rather common species about the margins of
marshes, ponds and lakes. In Vigo county it reaches maturity about
August toth. It has been taken in Fulton and Marshall counties, thus
extending its known range 150 miles northward.

CHRYSOCHRAON viRIDIS, Scudder. (C. E., XXIII., 75.)

The brown form of this species far outnumbers the green one in this
locality. It has been taken in copulation as early as July 15. The spring
and early summer of 1892 were very damp, it raining almost every day in
the month of May. In the latter part of July hundreds of dead and
dying specimens ot this species and of MWelanoplus bivittatus, Say, were

*The references refer to the volume of Can. Ent, in which the species was previously
mentioned by myself.

a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

to’ be seen in the tops of iron weeds. They were principally 9’s, and
their death was probably due to the insect fungus, Hvtomophthora
calopteni, Bessey, an interesting account of which appeared in Bull. 22,
U.S. Dept. Agr., 1890, 104. The disease was, perhaps, more abundant
on account of the young being exposed to so much dampness in May
and June. In two instances females of JZe/anoplus differentialis,
Thomas, were discovered feeding upon the dead bodies of C. viridis, the
abdomens and soft portions of the thorax having been wholly devoured.

CHLOEFALTIS CONSPERSA, Harris. (C. E., XXIII., 75.)

The {’s of this species are among the rarest locusts found in Indiana.
Six years collecting have yielded me not more than as many perfect
specimens. The ¢’s are by no means common, seldom more than four
or five being seen in a day’s collecting.

Mr. S. I. Smith* and Mr. S. H. Scudder} have teach given an inter-
esting account of the egg laying habits of the ? conspersa. On August
rith, 1893, I discovered a 9 in the act of boring a hole in the upper
edge of the topmost board of a six-plank fence. The abdomen was
curved downward, and the forcipate valves of the ovipositor used as
pinchers with which small pieces of the wood were broken off. When
discovered, the abdomen was inserted nearly one-half an inch in the pine
board, and the upper edge of the opening about the sides of abdomen
was covered with small pieces of wood, just as. the dust or borings will
accumulate about the edge of a hole which a carpenter is boring.

I stood by and watched her work for ten or more minutes, when she
suddenly stopped, withdrew her ovipositor and hopped away. Along the
fence, within a distance of 30 feet, I found 15 other holes, 11 of which
were fresh, while the others had evidently been bored the previous year.
Most of these were on the upper edge of the top board, which was in all
cases of pine and perfectly sound. None of the holes contained eggs,
most of them being less than half-an-inch in depth.

On September 21st I found two 9’s ovipositing in the sides of a
rotten stump. Their abdomens were inserted their full length, and when
removed eggs were found in the lower horizontal portion of each cavity.
‘ CHLOEALTIS CURTIPENNIS, Harris. (C. E., XXIII, 76.)

This has proved to be a very abundant species among the tall grasse
of the low, damp prairies of Northern Indiana.

*Rep. Conn. Board of Agric., 1872, 375.
+** Distribution of Insects in New Hampshire,” 371,

THe CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 923

PkzZOTETTIX GRACILIS, Bruner. (C. E., XXIII, 81.)

Mature specimens have been taken as early as June 25th. By July
4th it is common, especially upon the iron weeds (Vernonia fasciculata,
Mich.) which grow abundantly in low, open woods. It has been found in
copulation at this date and as late as November roth, though whether
there is more than one brood each season, I have not been able to ascer-

tain.
(To be continued. )

A LEAF-TISSUE GALL ON MOUNTAIN COTTONWOOD.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, KINGSTON, JAMAICA.

A fleshy leaf-tissue gall was found on terminal twigs of Populus
Monilifera (7) June 18, 1392, a few miles to the north of Ojo Caliente, in
Southern Socorro county, New Mexico. This gall is somewhat similar in
method of formation to one that has been found on Rhus microphylla,
which possesses a cock’s-Comb-like appearance.

Gall.—Diameter (after being thoroughly dried and much shrunken)
of four galls: 15 by 12 mm. ; 17 by 19 by 14 mm.; 20 by 14 mm. ; 22
by 20 by 18 mm.; the length (extent on stem) being less than width.
Gall rather irregular in outline, fleshy, growing more or less in irregular
sections, clustered together around the twig, but springing from side
stems, consisting of a mass of fleshy, abnormally developed and degraded
Jeaf-tissue massed together. Colour, red on all surface exposed to the
sun; the lower or inner surface next the centre of the tree, when not
so exposed, but sheltered by the foliage, greenish. The irregularity of
the external surface of the gall is due to the various groups of massed
leaf-tissue being independently and unequally developed, with spaces
between.

Four galls. Two cast skins were found on the surface of these. The
skins appear to be hemipterous, possibly homopterous. The fleshy
sections of tissue contain cavities within, but there is no trace of the gall

maker.

224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ON SOME NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF CHIONOBAS.
BY DR. HERMAN STRECKER, READING, PA.

Last December Mr. H. J. Elwes gave a revision of the genus Chionobas
in Trans. Ent. Soc., London, to which Mr. W. H. Edwards, in the March
number of the CAN. ENT., gives ‘‘ notes,” or rather exceptions, in which he
still contends that Gzgas, Californica and /duna are three distinct species,
but now allows Wevadensis, which he formerly considered also to be dis-
tinct, to be a synonym of one of these, but does not know of which.
Elwes has placed these four as one species, just as they are in the
‘«« Synonymical Catalogue” issued by me in 1878, nor can I understand
how anyone can imagine there is more than one species under the four
names ; there is absolutely no point by which any of the examples can be
separated, whether they come from California, Washington, Oregon or
elsewhere ; were they to be mixed indiscriminately, without locality labels,
no one could say from whence came this or that example, or which was
this or that so-called species.

With Subhyalina Elwes has followed our Syn. Cat. in the same way,
with the single exception, an important one, that he has given the name
Subhyalina priority over Crambis, which it really has by right of publi-
cation, if the two names belong to the same insect, but the doubt sur-
rounding the former name, which I believe belongs to an Erebia,
influenced me in placing Freyer’s name first. The description of Azp-
parchia Subhyalina in appendix to Ross’s 2nd Voyage, evidently fits
Erebia Fasciata, ora variety of it, and, as Edwards suggests, the example
in Oberthiir’s collection submitted to Elwes may not be the type, as
certainly, if it is the same species as Bean took in N. W. Territory, it in
no wise agrees with Curtis’s description.

Ch. Alberta, which Edwards insists is Varuna, is a smaller form of
Chryxus, of which I have good examples, ¢ 9, received from Morrison
a number of years since, who took them in Idaho; Elwes’s types came
from Calgary ; he says in the collection of a Mr. Wolley-Dod, from whom
he obtained them, were also examples of Varuna. At the same time I
received from Morrison Alberta $ 9; he also sent Varuna, f 9, taken
at same locality. There is no difficulty in distinguishing these two, as
Varuna is a variety or form of Uhderi, whilst A/berta occupies the same
position towards Chryxus. Varuna Valso have from Bean, in N. W. Ty.,
and from Morrison, from Arizona. I have UA/erz, from Colorado, not to
be distinguished from Varuna, from Idaho and Arizona, The female of

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229

Alberta, which was unknown to Elwes, differs, as is usual in the genus,
from the male, in the wings, being broader and more rounded ; the colour
is same as 2; the outer edge of mesial band on under side of secondaries
is markedly defined, but the whole space from that edge to the base of
the wing is heavily striated. Of Ciryxus I have examples from Utah of
the pale yellowish colour of Mevadensis, which, on the upper surface,
they so wonderfully resemble as to be almost mistaken for medium-sized
examples of that species. There are yet fairly strong grounds for Elwes’s
first impression that /va//da was a variety of Chryxus, as the only
apparent difference worth noting is that of colour, but there is too little
of /va//da known to form any certain conclusion.

From Morrison I also received a 2 Chionobas, taken by him at Mt.
Graham, Arizona. The easiest way to describe this would be to say it is
the counterpart of Ch. Fud/a, Ev.,from the Tarbagatai, a species but little
known in American collections; this closely-allied American species,
which we might designate as Ch. Daura, expands nearly 134 inches, is
whitish ochraceous, almost the colour of /va//da, the primaries finely
striated on costa, a broad, submarginal band scarcely a shade paler than
the part interior to it, from which it is separated by a brown line pro-
duced in an angle at 2nd discoidal nervure, from whence it recedes in-
wardly at the costa ; in this band are three small black spots, in cells 2,
3 and 5 the uppermost one largest and minutely pupilled with white. <A
gray marginal band. Fringe from anal angle half way brown, rest brown
and whitish alternately. Inferiors have a broad, pale, submarginal band,
on which, in cell 2, is a minute black dot or point. The mesial band
defined by a dark shade at edges. A gray marginal band. Fringe
whitish, with brown at termination of veins. Reverse surface paler than
above. Secondaries almost white, markings of upper surface reproduced.
Primaries towards exterior margin delicately striated, the spot in cell 3
wanting. Inferiors most daintily mottled, much finer than in its Asiatic
analogue or in any other American species. A broad mesial band very
distinctly defined and shaded with dark brown at its edges. Towards
the margin of the wing a tendency in the mottling to segregation. Fringes
on all wings as above. I have only seen this one 9 example, and on
one example it is not to be known whether this be identical with the
Central Asiatic species compared with it (to my examples of which its
resemblance is amazing), which is possible, but scarcely probable, or
whether it be distinct, which, as far as the American species are con-
cerned, it certainly is, is one of those problems the future must solve.

226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Ch. Brucei, W. H. Edw., I cannot separate from Sore, at least not
from the examples of the latter I have from Dr. Staudinger, who, as an
authority on the Palearctic fauna, has no peer.

Ch. Beanii, Elwes, will easily be known always by its almost uniform
dark smoky hue, and will hold its own; Assimz/is, with which Edwards
contounds it, being only a synonym of Crambis, Frey.

The true Ch. Semidea I have in numbers from Okkak, Labrador, and
_ they differ in nothing from the Mt. Washington ones, as neither do several
in my possession from Hudson Strait. Those from Colorado (which
Edwards claims are Oeno) in some instances, especially in the females,
have a slightly more ochrey shade, and the secondaries beneath are not
so darkly coloured in the moss-like mottling, but these are entirely too
slight grounds to sustain any claims to specific distinctness. I possess
three distinct species from Labrador, viz., Semzdea, Crambis and Taygete,
and the two first are as easily separable from each other as from the last.

As to the value of the clasper depended upon by Mr. Elwes in associ-
ating species, I certainly have no “ practical experience in the matter,”
having never given it much attention, hence can offer no opinion, though
from what I have noted of other instances of sexual peculiarities they
sometimes would unite species otherwise by no means close.

NOTES ON SOME OF THE NOCTU IN THE BRITISH
MUSEUM COLLECTION.

BY J. W. TUTT, F. E. S, (EDITOR OF ‘‘ THE ENTOMOLOGIST’S RECORD ”),
LONDON, ENGLAND.

Some remarks made by Mr. Grote in his “Note on Acronycta
cristifera” \ead me to support his contention that in the British Museum
“types may have become misplaced.” I am, of course, simply a
specialist at European Nocru#, and only such material from outside
countries as helps my work (more especially with the British species) has
any great interest for me, and only so far as this can any remarks that I
make be considered of value.

In writing my Lritish Noctue and their Varieties, 1 was obliged to
refer continually to the British Museum material. The Nocrua@ had then
just been re-arranged by Mr. Butler, and it had been re-arranged in the
very tip-top of museum methods. The great Zeller collection had been
incorporated, Mr. Grote’s collection ditto, and the result no one can
imagine. I maintain that collections of this kind have an inherent value

b>
-~T

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in themselves, and that as soon as they are broken up no man can judge
for a moment what the original possessor intended, whereas if we can only
see the collection as a master left it, we can understand at a glance what
he intended.

To illustrate my point. In lumping the various collections together
the most ridiculous errors have been made, even with the commonest British
species. We have a common British species, very common indeed
within two or three miles of the British Museum, Hadena thalassina.
This species every youngster here gets his first season. In the Museum
collection, as arranged by Mr. Butler, it consists of eight Madena
(Mamestra) thalassina, two of H. adusta and four of H. genista; the
last specimen of VV. margaritacea is a typical lV. glareosa; the two last
specimens under the name of JV. punicea are specimens of VV. umbresa.
Four specimens.of Agrotis nigricans, var. carbonea, are placed in the series
of A. ¢ritici. A very fine series of the grey type of 4grotis (Pachnobia)
hyperborea is in the Museum under its true name, but the “ types ” of its
red British variety, carnica, are placed right away in another drawer,
mixed up with another species, P. carnea. Struck, apparently, by the
similarity of the names—carnea and carnica—the two red specimens of a
distinct species have been put into the series of another species which has
no affinities with the first. So much for some of the errors of lumping,
which I can vouch for.

Now, there is another little matter which should interest American
entomologists, and which, I am sorry to say, puts Mr. Butler’s inability to
see even the most striking specific characters in a strange light. It refers
to Leucania (Heliophila) pallens and L. straminea. Mr. Butler writes :
“TZ. pallens, of the United States, agrees absolutely with the European
L. straminea. The two forms have practically the same characters, and,
if received from any extra European locality, would never have been
considered distinct ; indeed, it is possible to find examples which cannot
with certainty be referred to one form rather than the other. Z. straminea
differs chiefly in the generally more prominent pale longitudinal streak
above the median vein of the primaries, and the better-defined black or
dark markings. Not having bred both from the egg, I have kept them
separate in the collection.” (Trans. Ent. Soc , London, 1890, pp. 660-661).
A reference to the British Museum material, on which the remark was
based, shows that they have mot been kept separate, and of a whole row
thus named by Butler, only seven specimens are s¢raminea, and not one

228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of these came from America. The two species are much more distinct
than Vanessa cardui and V. Atalanta, and I cannot imagine even the
veriest tyro, if a field naturalist, considering them identical, and still less
do I follow that the only reason for making them separate is that they do
not ‘come from extra European localities” (what a condition the extra-
European species in the British Museum cabinets, as recently re-arranged,
must be in, if named on these lines, I must leave the “ extra-European ”
naturalists to imagine !) whilst it is to be notéd that the only differences
which Mr. Butler sees are “ the generally more prominent pale longitu-
dinal streak above the median vein of the primaries” and “ the better-
defined black markings,” when, as a matter of fact, it is difficult to find a
point of similarity,—the thoracic crest in s¢vaminea, the differently shaped
wings, the sexual variation in the hind wings, development of the pale
nervures, etc., all pointing to complete distinctness, and all this muddle
about two species which swarm on the Thames’ marshes in the south-east
district of London, only a few miles, as the crow flies, from the British
Museum, and which have different larve feeding at different times in

different ways on different food-plants.

I cannot say how extremely sorry I was to find this condition of affairs
in our National Museum, but it is a most serious matter, and the condition
cf the collections in the British Museum is a matter for the consideration
of scientific men all over the world.

Two things I would ask American entomologists to do. (1) To take
nothing published on the Nocru in the British Museum for granted, and
to be sure to verify each individual statement. (2) To insist, in season
and out of season, that collections left by eminent men shall be left intact,
so that specialists may form their own conclusions. The lumping process,
which results in the production of such a condition of affairs as I have
pointed out at length ia the Introduction to Vol. IV. of my British
Noctue and their Varieties, is a matter for the consideration of every

scientific man.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.

BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

III. THE MELOLONTHINE SCARABZIDA OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.

The members of this group are distinguished, as already stated, by
the position of the abdominal spiracles, which are placed in part on the
superior portion of the ventral segments, the rows feebly diverging ; the
last spiracle usually visible behind the elytra. Secondary sexual charac-
ters are displayed often in the antenne, the club being longer in the
males; the legs and ventral segments also often give us a clue to the
sex of the specimen, as will be shown in the proper place. The following
partially artificial key will enable the genera to be properly identified so
far as the recorded species are concerned.

A. Middle and hind tibiz with only one spur, which is sometimes obsolete.
No onychium, body scaly...........0c00 sees Bela! evansPretaias «a's de floplia.
AA. Middle and hind tibiz with two spurs, onychium well. developed.
b. Form elongate, slender ; colours metallic green or bronze (at
least in part) or yellow.
Elytra not densely scaly ; claws chelate.............Dichelonycha.
Elytra densely covered with ochreous scales ; claws not chelate
PauEN ENG ki Saws swon's Siwweed stcwsihyichaeliaUehe ee tedven ates cathe QORUMMALEVENS.
bb. Form robust, heavy ; colour brownish, sometimes iridescent,
pubescent, or somewhat irrorated.
c. Ventral segments five. Elytra either uniformly rather finely
punctured or with punctured striae. ...............2..Diplotaxis.
cc. Ventral segments six.
d. Elytra with rather indistinct but regular sulci or grooves
On the Giske 5 vsize Staal 5 93, seti ys cn afisad der anedo di, ca on EP ICE
dd. Elytra without strie or sulcations over the greater portion
of the disk. Size larger.
Antenne with the third joint not elongate, the club
ENTEE FOMMEM oi. wen asows segee vores eves canes, LACKNOSLER Bas
Antenne with the third joint greatly elongate, the club
three-jointed ....... aa aig eto ey ee Polyphylla.

In using the above table care must be taken to count a// of the ventral
segments—the first or last is in danger sometimes of being overlooked.
A reference to the specific characters, as given in the following synopsis,
however, will aid inexperienced workers in clearing up possible doubts,

230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

It is perhaps unnecessary to mention that a fairly good lens should always
be at hand to aid the eye in discriminating the more difficult species.

Hop ia, Il.

These are oblong insects, more or less flattened above, and covered
either entirely or in part with scales, ordinarily yellowish, brownish,
greenish or of metallic lustre. The claws are chelate. The two sexes
often differ in size and colour, and the males have thicker hind tibiz and
tarsi. They are found on flowers during the day. Following the scheme
of Dr. Leconte, the Canadian species may be thus distinguished :

A. Claws of hind tarsi not cleft.
Prothorax wide, narrowed in front, sides subangulate and rounded.
Sexes dissimilar in colour; the ¢ black, hairy, with cinereous
pubescence, sprinkled beneath with silvery scales; 2 brown,
very densely clothed with pale brown and yellowish silvery
scales.. Racpew 3 SPE tanh ..trifasciata, Say.
pr eiharan: paines in Shhant oe dhe yen idee cance angulated.
Sexes similar, clothed with oval ochreous scales...mucorea, Germ.
AA. Claws of hind tarsi cleft near the tip ; sides of prothorax broadly
rounded, front and middle tarsi with two claws....... modesta, Hald.

The Hoplia tristis of the Society list is the male of ¢72/asciata accord-
ing to Dr. Leconte.

DICHELONYCHA, Kirby.

Elongate beetles, usually piceous or testaceous in colour, often with a
distinct green or bronze lustre, found on young shoots or the leaves of
trees. The claws are chelate (¢.c., capable of being folded along the tarsi).
The male has the club of the antenna nearly as long as the funiculus, and
the outline of the middle line of the abdomen is concave when viewed in
profile. The table as given below will assist in identification :

A. Thorax without median groove, but sometimes with a line.

b. Legs almost entirely black............ RO Hictt m5 Yh Ae a Backii, Kirby.
bb. Front and middle legs testaceous, tip of hind tibiz and the hind
LATS MICEOMES Ue see eer ence cee er emeneseas stekots tes ca05c% elongata, Fab.

bbb. Legs entirely testaceous.
c. Anterior tibiz with the upper toothobsolete, Canadensis, Horn.
cc. Anterior tibize tridentate.
Median line of thorax faint, punctures
COATSEF eof cith a ceetcetwe he’s} il fae eee eb eerrare tive

THE CANADIAN ENVOMOLOGIST. 231

Median line of thorax wanting, punctures

finer.. rr te messi . festacea, Kirby.
AA. Thorax with deep arian ¢ groove, ‘aie punctured in an even space
Geli GIG Say aa tetva Paes saeia) a '« 's @ lellaitelab a cee aeeda eae ue/OIcad/ es, | Burm

MACRODACTYLUS, Latr.

The ‘Rose-bug,” JZ. subspinosus (Fig. 25), is the only recorded
Canadian species of this genus, and is probably too well
known to need an extended description. It is an elongate
insect (about .35 inch) with very long and slender legs, the
body covered with ochreous scales to the extent of obscuring
the real colour. The thorax is very long and angulate on the

Meee... (Sides;

Serica, MacLeay.

Two species are recorded from East Canada. They are robust convex
insects of rather small size (.35 to .42 inch), broader behind, giving them
a very characteristic appearance. ‘The species fly chiefly in the evening,
and during the day may be found under leaves in the woods. They are
easily separated thus:

Body not iridescent, clypeus with a small acute incisure each

SCD ee ceded Valais SHED atted oa wen (cd ave Celotta ders oan nee > vespertina, Gyll.

Body iridescent, clypeus without incisure. ......06. sees secees sericea, Ill.

DipLoTaxis, Kirby.

These beetles are easily known from Serica, to which they bear
some resemblance, by the elytra not being sulcate, but either simply
_ punctate or with the punctures arranged in rows, the rows in pairs. The
wider interspaces are irregularly punctured ; the body is less convex and
less dilated posteriorly than in Serica. The species of the region under
consideration may thus be known :

A. Body pubescent, elytra without distinctrows of punciures..sordida, Say.
AA, Body not pubescent above, elytra distinctly punctate-striate.

Thorax with scattered punctures, leaving smooth spaces near the

MUA GISiecccscess sofas Nanas Hikaads Bed title acted Qdaw ad sdaace liberta, Germ.

Thorax densely and more finely punctured ........... tristis, Kirby.

LACHNOSTERNA, Hope.

This genus, formerly in confusion in all cabinets, has lately had the
attention of Dr. Horn, who has developed characters that may be

Doo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

used with profit in synoptic tables, and thus rendered the task of identi-
fication much less difficult, though from the extent of the group there is
necessarily still trouble in certain portions of the series. In the following
table I have used chiefly the points first recognized as important either
by him or by Dr. Leconte, but by a somewhat different, if more artificial,
sequence, am able to do away with the necessity of using the fixity or
freedom of tibial spurs of the male as a prime character, this being some-
what difficult for a beginner to demonstrate without softening the
specimen. ‘The ventral ridge referred to as separating the forms of the
Jusca group is to be found near the hind margin of the ventral segment
immediately preceding the last.

Though the species of Zachnosterna are ordinarily easily separated
from those of any other Eastern American genera by their facies (Fig. 20,
page 197, Lachnosterna fusca) their extreme similarity amongst themselves
is such as to practically debar the formation of a table based on easily
seen characters, and the females must usually be associated with their
appropriate males by comparison. They have been almost entirely left
out of account in the second division (AA) of the accompanying table :

A. Body above conspicuously hairy or pubescent.

b. Antennz g-jointed ; body above sparsely clothed with erect
og ins ena ces’ 3,5 enrn NR RMAY ALAR 7 ieSl S505, 0),

bb. Antenne r1o-jointed.
Elytra with series of erect hairs arranged in
Vibise a. 3a et ame, 8 hirticula, Knoch.

Elytra with sparse short pubescence, longer at
DASE, pigese ss AMER © o s.vlea S Shite Gene tisetee tristis, Fabr.

Elytra pruinose, pubescence uniform, recumbent. ¢/icis, Knoch.
AA. Body without conspicuous hairs or pubescence above.

c. Inner spur of hind tibize ¢ very short, the outer long and
SlOmGer tu p.-ceeweyis sy cate SOBER Dale. shat’ | s,0 Miter yc ephilida, Say.
cc. Inner spur of hind tibiz ¢ at least moderately long (usually

half as long as the other or more).
d. Yellowish-testaceous, form slender, subcylindrical, size
small (.41.t0).§2) Melidtserc.«.-..... +. 0 eractts, Bin
dd. Colour darker, form more robust, never notably slender,

size larger.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 233

Fig. 26.

e. Inner spur of ¢ hind tibiz arcuate and angularly
bent at tip, somewhat sigmoid in form (see fig.
Berea ac dev, 5 60 fin sania 5 See ona achat gibbosa, Burm.

‘ee. Inner spur of ¢ hind tibiz at most slightly curved.

f. Antenne 9g-jointed. ,
g. Sutural stria well impressed, the costa of
normal convexity.
Form oblong-oval, last ventral of ¢
convex, sometimes with a median
channel.).......- + «aa MAb Elem:

Form elongate, last ventral of ¢ broadly
concave with Jongitudinal median
impression...........védlifrons, Lec.

gg. Sutural stria indistinct, costa scarcely
GIEVBLEd %; davesdccenes alates bis Zimula, Horn.

ff. Antennz to-jointed.

h. Clypeus moderately closely punctate
only, the sides of the thorax entire,
disk never very coarsely punctate.

Ventral ridge of ¢ long, arcuate,
overhanging for its full length
DEHIMGY Stes wseracaet dubia, Smith.

Ventral ridge of ¢ longer, slightly
curved, the ends only overhang-
ing behind... ... -.. fusca, Froh.

Ventral ridge of ¢ nearly straight,
not overhanging behind............

See Guoles sais rien s grandis, Smith.

hh. eres densely punctate.

i. Thorax broadest at base, margin
entire or slightly crenate, disk
variably punctured.

Last ventral of ¢ vaguely
longitudinally impressed
sadpecten «auch Mer aenares,|.1.cC.

Last venta of ¢ with cupuli-
form fovea. .fraterna, Harr.

bo
os
re

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ii. Thorax widest at middle, margin
distinctly crenate, disk coarsely
punctate.

Punctures of thorax regularly
placed... profunda, Blanch.

~ Punctures of thorax irregularly
placed, the median line and
often lateral spaces smooth
sheSeteee weccoee FUGOSA, Mels.

Of the species above given, grandis is reported (in Canada) only from
Nova Scotia, and /imu/a from “south of Hudson’s Bay.” A few of the
others are simply recorded from “‘ Canada” without more definite locality,
but as they occur in the adjacent United States, they are in all probability
to be met with in the provinces under consideration. ‘The cognvata of the
Society’s list is simply a variety of fyatervna,in which the thoracic punctures
are equal in size and the margin irregular; swb¢onsa is a synonmy of
iicis, according to Dr. Horn.

AR f POLYPHYLLA, Harr.

fine The only form found in East Canada is P. vario/osa,
4 Hentz (Fig. 27), a very fine, large insect, nearly or quite
4 an inch in length. The form is something like that of
i Lachnosterna, but the upper surface is marked with
three white vittee on the thorax and indistinct lines and
spots on the elytra, of whitish scales. The antenna of

the ¢ is furnished with a very long club.

Fig. 27.

OBITUARY.

Died, in New York City, 21st April, 1894, Mrs. Julia Perkins Ballard,
wife of Prof. Addison Ballard, now of New York University, but for many
years of Lehigh University. It was at Easton, Pa., that Mrs. Ballard
became interested in entomology, and her personal experiences were
published in the little volume, “ Insect Lives, or Born in Prison,” later
revised and much enlarged, under the name of “ Among the Moths and
Butterflies,” Putnams, 1890. Mrs. Ballard was enthusiastic in her studies,
and her charming books have done much to foster a love of natural

history among the young people. W. BE,

Ce

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 23

NEW CYNIPID.
BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO.

(Continued from page 159.)

Cynips, Linn.
C. washingtonensis, ni. sp.

Galls of this species were sent me by Mr. Trevor Kincaid, of Olympia,
Washington, who writes that they were collected from the twigs of
Quercus garryana. The galls are ellipsoids, from 5 to 7 mm. in greatest
diameter ; they are smooth, monothalamous and ‘snuff coloured, both
externally and internally, and are attached by a small projection to the
side of small twigs. A few specimens that appear not to be mature are
greenish in colour, and have shrivelled somewhat on drying, so that the
surface is covered with small, shrunken areas. The substance of the
gall is uniformly and densely cellular. Described from 13 galls.

Gall-fly—General colour a dark brown, inclined to black. Head
small, blackish in colour, tinged with rufous ; antenne of the same colour
as the head, 14-jointed, 3rd joint once and a-half as long as the qth.
Thorax finely rugose and rather coarsely punctured, parapsidal and
median grooves distinct near the scutellum, the former extending half way
to the collar, the latter less than half way. The two parallel lines
extending back from the collar and the lines over the bases of the wings
are the blackest parts of the mesothorax. Scutellum rugose, foves
scarcely discernable ; pleurz finely punctured, the punctures giving rise to
hairs ; colour of pleure rufous. Addomen, except a large patch on the
dorsum of the znd segment and a narrow line over the succeeding
segments, densely set with silky pubescence, the hairs rising from minute
punctures. MWzngs hyaline, 5 mm. long, nervures slender, radial area long
and narrow. eet of a light chestnut colour, the tarsi being darkest,
densely set with a fine pubescence. Length, 4 mm.

Described from one bred female.

ANDRICUS, Hartig.
A. spongiola, Nn. sp.

Galls of this species were also sent me by Mr. Kincaid, who writes
that he took them from limbs of Q. garryana. They are polythalamous,
globular, buffcoloured galls measuring from 3 to 534 cm. in diameter:
some of the galls are tinged with salmon. The galls grow in clusters on
the limbs, and are in some cases much pressed out of shape. Perfectly

236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

shaped galls resemble the galls of Amphibolips spongifica. Internally the
galls are composed of an exceedingly brittle, structureless material, of a
whitish or buffy-white colour that, to all appearances, shrinks away as the
gall dries, so that there are large open spaces internally. Near the point
of attachment on the inside of the gall is more or less of a resinous
substance. The portion containing the larval cells, which are few in
number, sometimes only one, is more dense, almost woody, in structure.
The substance of these galls cuts about like a perfectly dry cracker.

This gall is separated readily from Mr. Bassett’s A. californicus by
the much less dense internal structure, in which are large open spaces.

Gall-flies.—The flies are of a very uniform walnut-brown colour
throughout. So far as I can see, this colour alone separates the species
from Bassett’s ca/ifornicus, which is very much lighter, a good cinnamon-
brown. (These colours are given in accordance with Ridgway’s Nomen-
clature of colours.) ead: Face finely rugose, more coarsely so near the
mouth ; vertex, genze and occiput very finely rugose or granular in
appearance, face rather closely set with very fine pubescence, occiput
black, antennge 15-jointed, 3rd joint 114 times as long as the 4th, joints
beyond the 4tA gradually shorter, last 7 or 8 joints quite short and thicker
than the preceding. Zhorax very finely rugose and covered with pilose
punctures, parapsidal grooves narrow and extending about half-way to the
collar, median groove wanting ; a slight groove on either side runs forward
over the base of the wings; the two parallel lines from the collar are very
distinct and extend fully half-way to the scutellum. Scutellum with two
small foveze fluted at the bottom, finely rugose, covered with a fine
pubescence ; pleure finely punctured and hairy. Abdomen polished,
sides of 2nd segment near its base hairy, all the segments very minutely
punctured. Wangs slightly smoky, venation normal. /¢e¢ unicolorous
with other parts, tarsal claws bidentate.

Length, 5 mm. Wings, 6 mm.
Described from 15 bred females. Galls were received August 26th,
and the flies emerged between the 3rd and 22nd of November.
Hotcaspis, Mayr.
HT. maculipennis, n. sp.

The fragments of a globular leaf gall, about 1%4 cm. in diameter, com-
posed of a thin outer shell and a single larval cell held in place by
radiating fibres, was sent me some time since by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST. 237

who writes me that the gall was taken on the west slope of the Organ
Mountains, in N. M., from a leaf of Q. wrightit.

Gall-fly.—A single female fly, in perfect condition, accompanied the
gall, and may be described as follows :

Colour, rufous and black. ead, gene, orbits, vertex and bases of
mandibles rufous ; middle of face, occiput and tips of mandibles black ;
face finely rugose, punctured and sparsely haired, the hairs rising from
the punctures ; vertex and genx more finely rugose or granular in appear-
ance, palpi yellowish, antennx rufous, t4-jointed, 3rd joint and last three
joints blackish, 3rd joint distinctly longer than the 4th. Zhorax: Pro-
thorax rufous and finely rugose, mesothorax above blackish, streaked with
rufous along the parapsidal grooves and along the lateral margins over
the bases of the wings, otherwise black. The surface is finely rugose and
set with punctures, moderately hairy, parapsidal grooves entire and very
distinct, but not broad, median groove absent, the polished parallel lines
extending back from the collar, and those outside the parapsidal grooves
over the bases of the wings conspicuous ; scutellum rugose, rufous, except
at base, where it is black, with shining basal groove crossed by numerous
raised lines ; mesopleure rufous above and below, but black on median
portion, punctured and moderately hairy. Addomen black and shining,
venter somewhat rufous, posterior margin of segments very oblique, sides
of znd segment near base hairy. Wangs long, nervures black, cells con-
taining numerous black spots. This beautiful maculation of the wings,
unlike any other species with which I am familiar, suggested the specific
name for the species. Feet dark rufous, femora blackish, rather hairy.

Length, 3 mm. Wings, 4 mm.

DRYoPHANTA, Forst.
D. glabra, n. sp.

Galls of this species were found abundant by the writer on leaves of
Quercus undulata at Manitou, Colo., Sep. 30th, 1892. The fresh galls
are straw-coloured, becoming brown with exposure. They are semi-
globular, flattened on the side next the leaf, from 4 to 6 mm, in diameter,
and situated along the midrib of a leaf, on either surface, but mostly
below. A single larval cell in each lies next the leaf, and from it a mass
of delicate fibres radiate to the outer shell, which is rather firm. The
inner surface of this shell, in galls that have been protected from the
weather, is of a deep pink colour. A number of the galls usually occur
on the same leaf, and sometimes crowd one another, so they are far from
giobular.

238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Gall-fly.—With the exception of a little rufous on the joints of the
feet and on the base of the mandibles, the colour is deep black. Head
finely rugose, face with two parallel grooves and median ridge, antennie
14-jointed, 3rd joint as long as rst and 2nd or 4th and sth united ; ocelli
well separated and inconspicuous. Zhgrax glabrous above, parapsidal
grooves very distinct and extending to the collar, scutellum rugose, with
basal groove, mesopleure smooth and glabrous beneath the wings.
Abdomen shining, black, without sculpturing, the posterior margin of the
2nd segment quite oblique. Wzngs long, hyaline, beautifully iridescent,
nervures slender. ef black, tibiz set with a very fine gray pile.
Length, 2% mm. Wings, 4 mm.

Described from one bred female.

(To be continued. )

CORRESPONDENCE.

LITHOPHANE ORIUNDA.
Sir,—Two localities may be mentioned additional to those given by
Mr. Moffat in July (1893) number.
Mr. Grote has recorded Wisconsin as a habitat of Oriunda, and I can
say that a single specimen was collected at Galena, Illinois, Sept. 26,
1875, from a sugared tree. Tuomas E. Bean, Laggan, Alberta.

Sir,—I wish, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, to
acknowlede the receipt of a contribution to the Society’s collection of
native Coleoptera, from Mr. A. H. Kilman, of Ridgeway. It consists of
over a hundred and fifty species that were wanting in the Society’s
cabinets, all nicely mounted and in fine condition.

London, May 16th, 1894. J. Atston Morrat, Curator.

IS CH.NONYMPHA TYPHON SYNONYMOUS WITH C. INORNATA ?

Sir,—Will American entomologists who are acquainted with the
European formas of Cenonympha typhon, especially with vars. /aidion,
Bork, and zszs, ‘Tett (probably identical), inform me whether Cenonympha
inornata, Edw., is a distinct species or is identical with these varieties?
From the descriptions, I incline to the latter view, but an inspection of
some specimens of the American insect in the British Museum (Natural
History), not very first-rate ones by the way, rather lends countenance to
the former. F. I, Bucket, M. B., 32 Canonbury Square,

London N , England.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 239

GLASS TUBES AS INCUBATORS.

Str,—On June the 24th, 1893, I was obliged to go to my home in
the High Sierras and beyond the Yosemite 22% miles, as I had some
moth eggs that I wanted to hatch and rear larve from. Before going I
placed all the leaves that had eggs on them in a small glass jelly jar ;
being three days getting there, on account of the deep snow, I kept
putting in fresh leaves every day for the young larve to feed on, as the
eggs had begun to hatch before I started, and when I got home I had
more dried and withered leaves than I bargained for, and in consequence
lost some of the smaller larve that had hidden themselves. To prevent
a recurrence of such loss, I thought of some glass tubes that were sent to
me by Prof. Riley. I then separated all the leaves that had eggs on them,
cut away all the superfluous dry parts of the leaf, and placed them all in
one of these tubes, introducing a fresh leaf or part of one until a newly
hatched larva made its appearance ; I would then draw him out with the
leaf and place him in another tube, or on a potted plant, thus ensuring
correct data and better chances of observing its natural life-habits. This
also ensures saftey to both eggs and the young larve, as new food can be

introduced and the old extracted without annoying the larve.

Joun B. Lemepert, Yosemite, Cal.

THE ASSOCIATION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS.

The Association of Economic Entomologists will hold its annual
meeting this year in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 14th and sth, dates imme-
diately preceding the meeting of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science.

The fact that the meeting is to be held in Brooklyn is a sufficient
guarantee of a large attendance and a meeting of more than usual interest.
It is sincerely hoped that every member who can will be present, with
papers to read, questions to ask and. ideas to impart, that will make the
meeting profitable and send all back to their posts of duty inspired to
better work, C. P, GiLverte, Sec’y., Fort Collins, Colo.

240 THE CANADIAN ENTCMOLOGIST.

ASSEMBLING OF ATTACUS PROMETHEA.

Sir,—About 3 o’clock p.m., on the 11th of June, whilst hunting along
the east side of a high picket fence, running north and south, with woods
on the west, and a field on the east, my attention was arrested by the
unusual movements of what I thought was a black butterfly. It was
fluttering up and down the tall pickets, passing through between them
and returning again, in a state of evident excitement. It left off, and flew
close by me, when I saw that it was a male promethea. Meanwhile
another had taken its place, and was going through similar movements.
I at once inferred that a female must be in that vicinity. I moved on-
ward, looking between the pickets, and I saw a female suspended to the
lower end of a cocoon, out of which she had probably emerged that day.
The cocoon was attached to the end of a slender twig, 12 or 14 inches
from the fence, and about 4 feet from the ground.

I remained close by and watched the movements. There were at
least four males on the wing. They would fly 20 or 30 feet along the
fence, either way, and return. They never flew far afield, and I did not
see that they ever entered the woods, whilst one or other of them was
always fluttering about the spot, regardless of my presence. They
seemed to tire themselves out in a main effort to locate the object of
their search. I had watched for about fifteen minutes, when one came
quietly along, passed between the pickets, fluttered hither and thither for
an instant, then I saw its mate was found. During my observation the
female was perfectly quiescent ; not a movement of wing or foot. There
were three males still on the wing when I left.

Are we to consider A. promethea a day flyer? or are all the Suturniide
ready to pair at any hour of the twenty-four when circumstances are
favourable ? It seems they do not require to fly at all to feed. The
female may oviposit during the night.

I was greatly impressed during the observation by noticing how little,
if at all, eye-sight was made use of. J. ALston Morrat.

Mailed August Ist,

fii

The ana Koto beat

VOL. XXVI._ _ LONDON, SEPTEMBER, ayy No. 9.

SOME INDIANA ACRIDIDA.—IIL.
BY W. S, BLATCHLEY, TERRE HAUTE, INDIANA.
(Contnued from page 223.)

Among the species of Pezotettix occuring in Indiana, there is one which
I have never been able to place satisfactorily to myself. In my first
paper on Indiana Acridide I called it P. rotundipennis, Scudder, upon
the authority of Mr. S. H. Scudder, to whom specimens had been sent.
Afterwards other specimens were sent to Prof. Lawrence Bruner, of
Lincoln, Nebraska. He referred them doubtfully to P. uzzcolor, Thomas,
stating that he had never seen wmico/or, but that in his opinion they were
not rotundipennis, as they differed materiaily from authenticated
specimens of that locust in his collections from Florida.

I then let the matter rest for three years, when, finding no description
agreeing with the insect, and having received nothing like it in exchange,
I sent a number of specimens to Mr. A. P. Morse, of Wellesley, Mass.,
who carefully compared them with Mr. Scudder’s types of rotundipennis,
and pronounced them different. Mr. Scudder, after a second and more
careful comparison, also pronounces them different. That they are not-
unicolor anyone who will carefully compare them with Thomas’s descrip-
tion (Syn. Acrid., 151) or with the figure of that species (Pl. XLIV. Orth.
of Wheeler Survey, 1875) will readily ascertain.

Taking the above facts into consideration, I believe the species to be
new to science, and describe it herewith as follows :

PEZOTETTIX OBOVATIPENNIS sp. nov.

Pezotettix rotundipennis, Scudder, Blatchley, Can. Ent.,
XXIII., 1891, 80.

A Pezotettix, the ¢ of which is below the medium in size; the ?
much larger, and quite robust. The tegmina are shorter than the pronotum,
obovate in outline, a little longer than their greatest breadth, and reach
but little beyond the first abdominal ring. Inthe 9? they are separated
SEMY

f
‘

wa

242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

from each other on the dorsum by a space equal to three-fourths their
greatest width ; proportionally nearer in the ¢. Wings represented by a
slender, oblong scale, which does not reach the tympanum.

Pronotum with both anterior and posterior margins subtruncate ; the
sides of the posterior lobe finely and densely punctate. The disk in ¢
with the lateral margins slightly divergent only on posterior half; in @
obviously divergent throughout their entire length, so that the posterior
margin of disk is one-third wider than the anterior. Median carina
distinct and equal throughout, the lateral carine present but indistinct,
especially on the posterior lobe. Occiput, tumid, prominent. Vertex
between the eyes broader than basal joint of antenne in 9, of equal
breadth in ¢ ; the margins somewhat elevated above the slightly depressed
centre and continuous with the margins of the frontal costa ; the latter
not sulcate in the ?, slightly so above ocellusin ¢. Eyes prominent.
Cerci of ¢ oblong, the basal third slightly broader than apical third, the
middle narrower ; the apical half but little curved inward, and but slightly
excavated on its exterior face, The hind femora shorter than abdomen
in ¢.

Colour of dried specimens: Above, dull grayish-brown or tan. A
shining black band starts from the middle of posterior margin of each
eye, and passes back, covering the upper half of lateral lobe of pronotum,
then narrows and curves downward to coxa of middle leg. Below, this is
bordered by an ivory-white band, which extends back from cheek and
covers lower half of lateral lobe of pronotum, and then curves down
-between the front and middle coxa. The metapleurite is also ivory-white.
Below, the general colour is a dirty yellowish-brown, with the lower face
of the femora orange-yellow. The hind femora with their apices black,
and with two indistinct blackish bars on the upper and outer faces. Hind
tibie olive-green, annulate with whitish near the base, the spines black.
Antenne with the basal half reddish-brown, the apical half fuscous.

Measurements: Length of body, g¢, 16 mm., ?, 24 mm. ; of antenne,
3,9 mm, ?, 9.5 mm.; of tegmina, J, 2.7 mm., 2, 4 mm.; of hind
femora, ¢, 1omm.,@?, 12.5 mm.; of hind tibia, 7,9 mm.,?, 10.5 mm.

According to Morse, the following are the chief differences between
obovatipennis and Mr. Scudder’s rotundipennis : The hind femora of the
latter are much stouter, and the sides of pronotum more divergent. The
anal cerci- of obovatipennis are flatter, more erect, and more nearly equal
in breadth and thickness throughout. The width of supra-anal plate,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243

instead of being equal to the length, as in rotundipennis, is much narrower
than the length. The greatest difference, however, is seen in the marginal
apophyses of the segment preceding the anal plate. In odovatipennis
these are arched, divergent, tapering, and of considerable length, with a
deep and narrow notch on each side at base; while in rotundipennts
they are fully developed as slight flattened triangular projections, shorter
than broad, and with the base not notched.

No description is extant of the ¢ of P. unicolor, Thomas. The
following characters, from the description of the ?, will show that it is
distinct from obovatipennis :

“Sides of pronotum parallel; carinz equally distinct. Elytra half as
long as abdomen, oblong-ovate. Hind femora passing the abdomen
slightly. Colour, reddish brown throughout.”

In general appearance obovatipennis resembles somewhat Pez. manca,
Smith, but the ? of the former is much larger and more robust, with the
disk of pronotum flatter, the sides more divergent, and the vertex broader.
The tegmina are shorter, and with a much narrower base than those of
manca, while the two species differ materially in colour.

Obovatipennis has been taken only in Vigo and Monroe counties. It
reaches maturity about September rst, and frequents, for the most part,
high, dry, open woods, especially those in which beech and oak trees
predominate. On the tops of the hills, in the coal district of Vigo Co.,
where the soil is a clay, and the herbaceous vegetation somewhat limited,
it is the prevailing, and often only, representative of the family. In late
October, if the season is dry, it is often found in company with Chrys-
ochraon viridis and Truxalis brevicornis among the reeds and tall, rank
grasses near the border of marshes, and as late as November 22nd has
been noted enjoying the afternoon sunshine from a perch on the bottom
plank or rail of a fence. The 9?’s are always much more numerous than
the ¢’s, the ratio being about 8 to 1x. Their larger, robust form
renders them more clumsy, and hence more readily caught by the hand,
the ¢’s being active leapers, and requiring quick movement on the part
of the collector to effect their capture.

PEZOTETTIX OCCIDENTALIS, Bruner. (C. E., XXIII, 81.)

This is the Pez. viola of my first paper. When that was prepared, I
considered P. viola and P. occidentalis as synonyms, but having received
typical examples of the former from Prof. McNeill, I find them to be
distinct,

244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Occidentalis is probably the least common species of the genus in the
State, its general range being more western.

PAROXYA ATLANTICA, Scudder.

Paroxya atlantica, Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat.
Hist., XIX; 2q

My Lezotettix hoosieri (C. E., XXIV., 31) is doubtless a short-winged
form of this species. Typical specimens of a¢/antica recently received
from Mr. A. P. Morse differ only in being much duller in colour, and in
having the tegmina reaching to end ofabdomen. I have taken hundreds
of the form Aooséeri in this State, and in no one have the tegmina reached
beyond the middle of abdomen, but wing length in orthoptera is a
character of but little importance. In Mr. Scudder’s original description
of at/antica, the length of antenne of 3 is given as ro mm., whereas, in
the examples received from Mr. Moise, and in all taken in Indiana, they
are fully 15 mm. in length.

I have found this species in but two localities in the State, viz. : about
the margins of a large pond in Vigo County, and ina tamarack swamp in
Fulton County. It is abundant in both places from August to October.
MELANOPLUS COLLINUS, Scudder. (C. E.; XXIII, 99.)

For the past three years this has been a very common locust, reaching
maturity in this vicinity about July 15th. Like the next species and
Pezotettix gracilis, it delights to carry on its courtship among the leaves
and branches of the iron weed, and hundreds may be taken there, many
of them in copulation, as early as August rst. While of about the same
length, the females are much more robust than those of either JZ. femur-
rubrum or M. atlanis, and the tegmina just reach the tip of or area
little shorter than the abdomen, instead of exceeding it as in those species.
It doubtless occurs throughout Indiana, having been taken on the border
of Lake Michigan, by Prof. Slick.

MELANOPLUS BIVITTATUS, Say. (C E., XXIII., 99.)

A common species in eirly summer, making its appearance about
June 15th, and disappearing by mid-September.

Mr. Scudder considers M. femoratus, Burmeister, as distinct from this
species, stating* that : “b/v7ttatus has the hind tibiz glaucous and yellow ;

in femoratus they are red; and the two species. can be instantly dis-
tinguished by these peculiarities.”

*Report Brit. N. A., Bound Survey, 1875, 343.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 245

I have taken in Northern Indiana a glaucous-legged ¢ in copulation
with a red-legged 9, and also specimens in which the tibiz were dark
brown at base, greenish or glaucous in the middle, and red on the apical
third. Specimens from New England, labeled femoratus, by Prof. Morse,
differ in no wise from those from Indiana, called dzvéttatus by as able an
authority as Prof. Lawrence Bruner. Iam, therefore, constrained to
believe that the two so called species are one and the same, Say’s name
having the priority.

MELANOPLUS GRISEUS, Thomas. (C. E., XXIV., 30.)

On September 24th, 1893, I found this locust to be quite common
within the depths of a tamarack swamp in Fulton Co. While other
Acridide were common up to the very border of the tamarack growth,
this and two species of grouse locusts were the only ones found within
this border. Several pairs were taken in coitu. It was not an active
insect—usually, after one or two short leaps, squatting close to the earth,
and seemingly depending upon the close similarity of its hues to the
grayish lichens about it to avoid detection.

* Ox
*

Other than the Tettiginze, the earliest dates at which mature locusts
have been taken in Vigo County are as follows :

Schistocerca americana, Drury, April 11th, 1893. Blown in by storm.*

Chortophaga viridifasciata, De Geer, Apr. 15th, 1894.

Arphia sulphurea, Fab., May 5, 1894.

Pezotettix virtdulus, Walsh, May 11, 1894.

CANADIAN HYMENOPTERA—No. 6.
BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA.

This paper contains the descriptions of the remaining new species of
Ichneumonidz from Vancouver Island. For.the generic determinations
of Amorphota, Semiodes, Phobetes and Hypocryptus, representing
genera not hitherto recognized in America, I am indebted to Mr.
Ashmead. :

Sub-family ICHNEUMONIDA,

TroGus FLETCHERII, n. sp’

Female—Length, 14 mm. Black with brownish abdomen and
ferruginous legs. Head black; face beneath antenne, narrow orbits,

*See Psyche, June, 1893.

946 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

palpi and mandibles ferruginous ; antennz long, slender, brown above,
the scape and basal half of flagellum beneath, ferruginous. Thorax
black, coarsely punctured ; two short lines on mesonotum; scutellum,
posterior face of metathorax, tegule and sutures at base of wings,
ferruginous ; legs, including coxe, entirely pale ferruginous, or rufo-
testaceous ; wings large, yellowish; nervures ferruginous, the costa darker.
Abdomen as in exesorius, but more coarsely sculptured and of a
brownish colour, the first segment and base of second a little paler.
Described from one of two @ specimens bred by Mr. Fletcher from
the pup of a Vancouver Island papilio, and named after him in recogni-
tion of the fact that to his example and incentive I owe my interest in

entomology.
Sub-family OPHIONIN#.

ANGITIA AMERICANA, 0. Sp.

Female—-Length, 6 mm. Black, with partly rufous legs. Head small,
polished ; face opaque, but scarcely sericeous ; clypeus slightly swollen,
with a small tubercle above ; antennz reaching to middle of abdomen,
slender, filiform, 19-jointed, joints 3-5 gradually decreasing in length,
remaining joints sub-equal, the apical joint flattened internally. ‘Thorax
longer than high; mesonotum and pleure polished, the former indistinctly
punctulate ; scutellum rather prominent ; metathorax declivous, areolated
and punctate, the central area fusiform and less coarsely sculptured ;
legs slender ; base of all the cox, the trochanters and the tarsi piceous ;
femora and four anterior tibie rufous, the posterior tibize dusky ; wings
hyaline, iridescent ; stigma sub-triangular and with the nervures brownish,
areolet sub-pentagonal, the outer transverse nervure less distinct. Abdo-
men strongly compressed towards apex, piceous-black and highly polished ;
first segment long and slender, not expanded at tip, which is faintly
sulcate, spiracles near apex ; second and third segments long, the incisure
almost invisible ; remaining segments short and slightly retracted ;
ovipositor scarcely exserted.

Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

PyRACMON VANCOUVERENSIS, N. sp.

Female—Length, 10 mm. Black, legs and abdomen in part rufous.
Head sub-quadrate, as wide as thorax, black, distinctly punctate ; entire
face below antennz, interior orbits nearly to summit of eyes, cheeks
below the eyes, mandibles except tips, palpi and scape of antenne,
yellow ; a puncture at each upper angle of clypeus ; antenne long, slightly

4

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : 247

swollen medially and attenuated apically. Thorax with rather coarse
punctures ; those of the pleurz and pectus less closely placed, a con-
spicuous suboval polished spot beneath the insertion of wings ; meta-
thoracic areas well defined ; legs rufous, including the coxe, the anterior
pair paler, with cox and trochanters yellow, the intermediate coxe and
trochanters also partly yellow; posterior tibie darker towards apex, and
tarsi yellowish ; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures dark brown ; areolet
triangular, the outer transverse nervure incomplete, only extending two-
thirds the distance across the cell; if complete it would meet the second
recurrent nervure ; tegule pale. Abdomen rufous; the petiole, apex of
segment three, and following segments above, black ; ovipositor scarcely
exserted.
Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

AMORPHOTA, DN. Sp.

A species referred to this genus is found in Mr. Taylor’s collection, but
it has been damaged, and the abdomen is now missing. It is therefore
not advisable to describe the species until further material is received.
There is a possibility of its having been described as a Limneria.

Sub-family TRYPHONINA.

SEMIODES SEMINIGER, N. sp.

Male—Length, 7.5 mm. Black, with legs and abdomen rufous. Head
transverse, as wide as thorax, truncate posteriorly, rather coarsely
punctured, a semi-circular carina below the antennz ; face and cheeks
with yellowish pubescence; clypeus, mandibles, and scape, beneath,
. rufous ; antennz nearly as long as body, moderately short at base and
attenuated toward apex, about 30-jointed.. Thorax entirely black, lobes
of mesonotum distinct, the central more strongly punctured than the
lateral ; metathorax truncate posteriorly and strongly areolated; legs
rather stout, the posterior femora slightly swollen ; all bright rufous, in-
cluding the coxz; wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish, the nervures
brownish, the areolet small, sub-pentagonal. Abdomen petiolate, entirely
rufous except petiole; the first segment gradually expanded to apex,
spiracles beyond the middle, two dorsal carine not reaching the apex ;
first segment and base of second sub-aciculated, the rest of abdomen
polished and feebly punctulate.

Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V.I. (Taylor.)

248 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

PHOBETES CANADENSIS, N. sp.

Female—Length, 7.5 mm. Mostly ferruginous. Head transverse,
emarginate posteriorly, pale ferruginous; eyes black ; a spot enclosing the
ocelli, others at the base of antennz and of the mandible, black ; clypeus,
mandibles, palpi and lower orbits yellowish ; antennze testaceous, nearly
as long as body and rather stout, about 30-jointed. Thorax ferruginous,
with the sutures more or less black; mesonotum rather prominent,
indistinctly punctulate; scutellum convex ; metathorax rounded posteriorly
with a triangular central area enclosed by feeble carine; spiracles circular;
legs rufous, all the tarsi paler; wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish,
nervures brownish, no areolet. Abdomen broadly fusiform, ferruginous,
the apical segments dusky; the first segment expanded beyond the
spiracles, the dorsal carine almost obsolete ; first and second segments
sub-opaque, densely, finely punctulate; ovipositor scarcely exserted.

Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

HypocrRYPTUS VANCOUVERENSIS, n. sp.

Male—Length, 6.5 mm. Black, with legs and middle of abdomen
rufous. Head rather large, about twice as wide as long; vertex rounded
and smooth, with fine punctuation ; face below the antenne with fine
silvery pubescence ; a spot on mandible and the palpi pale; antenne
stout, as long as head and thorax, black, with a yellow spot on scape
beneath. Thorax entirely black ; mesonotum closely, finely punctulate ;
pleurz shining, indistinctly punctured ; metathorax truncate posteriorly,
strongly areolated and rugosely punctured ; legs pale rufous, including
cox; the four anterior trochanters yellowish; base of posterior coxe,
trochanters, tips of tibiz and tarsi dusky; wings hyaline, nervures
brownish, no areolet. Abdomen sub-petiolate, the first segment expanded
posteriorly and with two sub-obsolete dorsal carine; segments
one and two, with base of three, densely, opaquely punctulate ;
terminal segments polished and sparsely punctulate; first and apical
segments black ; two, three, four, except sides, and spot at base of
five, rufous.

Described from one ¢ specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

Sub-family PIMpPLin&.
EPHIALTES PACIFICUS, N. sp.

Female—Length, 20-25 mm., with ovipositor 40-50 mm. Black, legs
rufous. Head polished ; face with yellow pubescence, longer on clypeus ;

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249

palpi pale; antenne slender, shorter than the abdomen. Thorax
polished, with faint, sparse punctures on mesonotum and pectus ; meta-
thorax more coarsely punctate, feebly sulcate, the carinz obsolete ;
tegule, with a brief line before, white; legs, including cox, rufous ;
posterior tibiz and tarsi brownish; wings hyaline, iridescent, areolet
sub-triangular. Abdomen slender, coarsely punctured; first segment
carinate and sulcate only at base ; segments 2-4 nearly twice as long as
the first, which is shorter than fifth ; apical third of segments 2-6 polished
and transversely wrinkled; ovipositor rufous, twice as long as the
abdomen ; sheaths black, coarsely pubescent.

Male—Length, 8 mm. Differs from ? in being so much smaller and
in having the legs somewhat paler. The anterior coxze and trochanters,
a spot on intermediate, and a small annulus at base of posterior tibiz,
white. Abdomen slender, segments of almost equal length.

Described from three ? and one ¢ specimens from Victoria, V. I.
(Taylor.) The diminutive ¢ may belong to a different species,
but it resembles this much more closely than it does any other species
from British Columbia.

EPHIALTES VANCOUVERENSIS, Nn. sp.

Female—Length, 16 mm., with ovipositor 30 mm. Black, with rufous
legs. Head finely punctulate ; face sericeous, edge of clypeus and tips of
mandibles rufous, palpi white ; antennz slender, 10 mm. long. Thorax
finely sculptured ; mesonotum finely, transversely rugulose, pleuree densely
punctate ; lateral margin of prothorax yellow, with a highly polished
groove above ; metathorax closely punctured, feebly sulcate, carinz
obsolete ; four anterior legs, including coxe, yellowish ; the intermediate
with the femora and tibie externally rufous, and the tarsi brownish ;
posterior coxe, trochanters and femora rufous, the tibiz and tarsi black ;
wings hyaline, stigma and nervures black, areolet sub-triangular and sub-
petiolate. Abdomen finely sculptured and not tuberculate, except
obsoletely on the basal segments ; first slightly longer than second, not
carinate or sulcate ; three following segments of equal length, remaining
segments gradually shorter and more finely punctulate ; ovipositor as long
as body, red, with black, finely pubescent, sheaths,

Described from one ? specimen from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor.)

550 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

ARENETRA PALLIPES, 0. Sp.

Male—Length, to-12 mm. Black, with rufous legs. Head coarsely’
punctate ; face and cheeks with very dense greyish pubescence ; antennz
long and stout. Thorax more coarsely punctured, less pubescent, the
pleuree somewhat shining ; all the coxz and trochanters black, remainder
of legs rufous, except posterior tibiae, which are brownish ; wings
iridescent, sub-hyaline ; stigma and nervures black. Abdomen finely”
sculptured, except the first segment, which is coarsely punctate at base
and longitudinally aciculate at summit; lateral margins of segments 1-4
vellowish, apical margin of 2-6 narrowly white.

~ Described from five J specimens from Victoria, V. I. (Taylor), dated
February, March and April, 1886, and marked as ‘“‘ Very common, flying
over garden at Cedar Hill.”

COLEOPTERA TAKEN AT LAKE WORTH, FLORIDA.
BY JOHN HAMILTON, M.D., ALLEGHENY, PA.

Lake Worth is an elongated bay connected with the ocean, two and:
one-half miles from its northern end, and separated from it by a narrow
elevated strip of land, varying in width from two hundred to nine hundred
yards. Its length is about 20 miles, while in width it averages about
thirteen hundred yards. The country adjacent to the west shore is
largely in its primitive state—white sand overgrown with Saw Palmetto,’
scrub live oak and many other shrubs and vines, with occasionally some
pines. The flora of the strip between the lake and the ocean is designated
the semi-tropical forest by Mr. Schwarz, who has largely developed the
coleopterous fauna of South-eastern Florida.

The part of the lake and the ocean beach where this collection was
made is that north from the inlet in about lat. 25° 40’, long. 80°, this part
of the coast being the most eastern point of Florida, and almost touched
by the Gulf stream. The collecting was done from February 18th to April,
18th, a season of the year when most insects have disappeared in these
warm regions, as is well known, just as they do at the north during the
same months, Insects were, perhaps, scarcer than usual on account of
the dryness of the season, there having been no rain from December till
my departure, and the temperature by night mostly 70°, and that of

midday 84°.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 251

The whole number of species taken was 172; of these, eleven are
undetermined, being either aZeocharini or small things, only one of which
is thought to be undescribed ; of the others, 97 are very widely distributed;
40 (marked with a +) extend westward in the Gulf States, some of these
as far as Texas ; while only 25 (marked *), so far as known to the writer,
have not occurred northward from Florida. |

How many additional species exist in the territory collected over is
conjectural, but certainly not more than 150, and these must be largely
of species whose larvee live in wood and fruits or seeds. The character
of the soil, that of the flora and the long continued droughts militate
against a coleopterous fauna prolific in species. This statement, however,
applies only to this and similar localities.

+ Cicindela tortuosa, Dej. Anisodactylus var. merula, Dej.
+ media, Lec. nitidipennis, Lec. —
marginata, Fab. Copelatus glyphicus, Say.
Pasimachus marginatus, Fab. Thermonectes basilaris, Harr.
Scarites subterraneus, Fab. * Cybister olivieri, Crotch.
Dyschirius var.* falciger, Lec. Tropisternus glaber, Hbst.
Ardistomis obliquata, Putz. + Hydrocharis castus, Say.
Bembidium contractum, Say. Philhydrus var. simplex, Lec:
+ Tachys columbiensis, Limer. + Phcenonotum extriatum, Say. *
nanus, Gyll. ? Homalota, 3 species.
+ Loxandrus agilis, Dej. ' Aleochara bimaculata, Grav.
Diplochila major, Lec. nitida, Gray.
* Platynus var. floridanus, Lec, Creophilus maxillosus, Linn.
punctiformis, Say. Staphylinus prelongus, Mann.
Galerita lecontei, Dej. Belonuchus formosus, Grav. var.*
+ Tetragonoderus intersectus, Germ. Philonthus hepaticus, Er.
Lebia marginicollis, Dej. alumnus, Er.
Brachinus cordicollis, Dej. micans, Grav.
Chlaenius fuscicornis, Dej. Actobius cinerascens, Grav.
laticollis, Say. Cafius bistriatus, Er.
Oodes americanus, Dej. Xantholinus, sp.
lecontei, Chaud. Lithocharis corticina.
Agonoderus infuscatus, Dej. Erchomus ventriculus, Say.
{ Selenophorus fossulatus, Dej. Bledius fumatus, Lec,

ch Acupalpus rectangulus, Chaud. a punctatissimus, Lec.

252

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

basalis, Lec.
Coccinella sanguinea, Linn.
Chilocorus bivulnerus, Muls.
Exochomus marginipennis, Lec.

+ Contristatus, Muls.

Hyperaspis signata, Oliv.
Silvanus rectus, Lec.
* Hemipeplus marginipennis, Lec.
* Mycetophagide.—New gen. and
spec.
Dermestes nubilus, Say.
Hister parallelus, Say.

* Chelioxenis xerobatis, Hubbard.
Saprinus pennsylvanicus, Payk.

¢ placidus, Er.

= ferrugineus, Mars.

sp. not determined.

+ Plegaderus barbelini, Mars.

Carpophilus pallipennis, Say.
mutillatus, Er.
Colastus semitectus, Say.

* Brachypeplus glaber, Lec.
Conotelus obscurus, Er.

{+ Epureea luteola, Er.

sp. indetermined.
Stelidota geminata, Say.
octomaculata, Say.
strigosa, Gyll.
Omosita colon, Linn.

* Smicrips hypocoproides, Reit.
Tenebrioides corticalis, Mels.
Monotoma fulvipes, Mels.
Heterocerus var.—of substriatus,

Mels.
collaris, Kies
Cyphon variabilis, Thunb.

+ Lacon curtus, Lec.
Monocrepidius vespertinus, Fab.

auritus, Hbst,

+ Ischiodontus ferreus, Lec.

+ Orthostethus infuscatus, Germ.
Melanotus dubius, Lec.

sp. indetermined. —
Buprestis lineata, Fab.
Chrysobothris floricola, Gory.
Brachys tessellata, Fab.

+ Pyropyga minuta, Lec.

+ Photinus consanguineus, Lec.
Chauliognathus marginatus, Fab.
Collops tricolor, Say.
Necrobia rufipes, Fab.
Sitodrepa panicea, Linn.

Cis, sp.

+ Canthon nigricornis, Say.
Chceridium Lecontei, Harold.
Copris minutus, Drury.

% gopheri, Hubbard.

+ Phanzeus igneus, MacL.
Onthophagus tuberculifrons,

Harold.

* Aphodius troglodytes, Hubbard.
Ateenius strigatus, Say.

‘rox suberosus, Fab.
scaber, Linn.

Strategus antaeus, Fab.
Cremastochilus harrisii, Kirby.

+ Trichius texanus, Horn.
Elaphidion inerme, Newm.

unicolor, Rand.

+ Plectromerus dentipes, Oliv.

+ Callichroma splendidum, Lec.
Monohammus titillator, Fab.

* Leptostylus transversatus, Ches.
Lema trilineata, Oliv.
Chlamys plicata, Fab.

+ Bassareus croceipennis, Lec.
Cryptucephalus binominis, Newm..

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 253

Pachybrachys, sp. 7 Anthicus pallens, Lec.

* Metachroma floridanum, Crotch. vicinis La.t
Lina scripta, Fab. ? vicinis var.

Haltica ignita, IIl. Attelabus analis, Ill.

+ Epitragus tomentosus, Lec. * Pachnezus opalus, Oliv.

{ Polvpleurus nitidus, Lec. distans, Horn.

+ Xylopinus saperdioides, Oliv. * Artipus floridanus, Horn.
Opatrinus notus, Say. + Listronotus setosus, Lec.
Blapstinus metallicus, Fab. t Macrops cryptops, Dietz.

+ Crypticus obsoletus, Say. Hylobius pales, Hbst.

* Phaleria puncticeps, Lec. Otidocephalus myrmex, Hbst.

i longula, Lec. * Notolomus basalis, Lec.

t picipes, Say. * Conotrachelus pusillus, Lec.
Diaperis hydni, Fab. * Cryptorhynchus lutosus, Lec.

?*Tachyporus, n.s. ii oblongus, Lec.

+ Platydema micans, Horn. + Rhyncophorus cruentatus, Fab.

+ Hymenorus densus, Lec. Sphenophorus cariosus, Oliv.

floridanus, Casey. sculptilis, Uhler.

+ Hyporhagus punctulatus, Thoms. placidus, Say.

+ Oxacis thoracica, Fab. Cossonus corticola, Say,

* Mecynotarsus elegans, Lec. impressifrons, Bohm.

7+ Formicomus scitulus, Lec. * Mesites rufipennis, Lec.
Anthicus difficilis, Lec. Xyleborus pubescens, Zimm.

Cicindela—C. tortuosa may probably be found active at all seasons,
as it was taken on the Indian river, February 9th. It occurred abundantly
on the borders of the lake, and also on moist, sandy places in the hum-
mock. C. marginata appeared February 21st, and sparingly thereafter.
C. media appeared on the beach March rst, and became very abundant
onward.

Carabide—Tachys columbiensis (undescribed) was seen March st,
and became abundant on the lake shore, seemingly at home in salt water.
Llatynus floridanus was common on the coast after February 25th, and
also on land under all kinds of rubbish where there was moisture.
Letragonoderus intersectus and Selenophorus stigmosus were taken in the
garden patches under the dry fallen leaves of vegetables—as cabbage,
beets, etc., on March sth, and thereafter frequently. |

254. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Dytiscide—Hydrophilide.—The species listed were taken alive on
the ocean side of the lake, and, with one exception, had probably fallen
into it during a nocturnal flight from some fresh water lake on the main
land. However, Phi/hydrus simplex was quite abundant under stones and
sticks on the shores of the lake, and the night of the roth of March being
damp and sultry, a flight occurred, many coming into the house to the
light. This form, though only .og to.11 inch in length, is united with
the northern ochraceus. Gyrinide were seen in abundance in a small lake
on the main land.

Staphylinide--Belonuchus formosus, var. This variety was very
abundant at all times in rotting oranges and under damp rubbish; it
differs from the typical form in being altogether rufous, except the last
two abdominal segments, black. No intermediate forms have been met
with, and Mr: Schwarz states it occurs abundantly over all Florida.

Lachyporus, sp.—Ywo examples were taken under pine bark, greatly
resembling my examples of Z? scztudus from Sweden ; the thorax and elytra
are identical in coloration, but are not perceptibly punetured when viewed
with a lens ; the abdomen is more finely margined, and the length is only
.06 to .o7 inch. Bledius punctatissimus, and &. basalis,—The latter
inhabits the wet sand bordering the lake in countless multitudes, and
with it the former, but in much less abundance. 2. fumatus was not
seen till April 1st, and afterwards rarely. One of the types of this species
was from Southern California.

Brachypeplus glaber--Five examples of this curious and still rare
beetle were taken under the bark of a dead, standing pine, with Cossonus
impressifrons. Previously I had one example taken near St. Augustine,
and the types were from Enterprise, Florida; according to Mr. Schwarz,
no others are known in North American collections.

Mycetophagide—Belonging to this family several examples were
taken in April, of what may, perhaps, be new either generically or
Specifically, or both. They were sheltering in the folds of Palmetto
leaves, on the blossoms of which Mr. Schwarz took them abundantly,
both at Lake Worth, and also at Biscayne Bay, and also the larve under
the bark of various trees ; and he also states that it occurs in the West
Indies, in Costa Rica, and was taken at the Chicago Exposition, in dried
fruits (or seeds ?) from Central America. |

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 255

Monotoma fulvipes occurred abundantly in rotting oranges, ma
Smicrips hypocoproides and several small Witidulide. 5 ac dee

Scarabeide—Copris gophert, Aphodiust roglodytes and the Histeride
Chelioxenis xerobatis were taken 12 or 15 feet under ground, at a depth
of about five feet, with the great sand-digging tortoise, Gopherus poly-
phemus. Cremastochilus Harrisiti—An example was taken April 4th,’
with a large ant. Z7réchius texanus occurred abundantly in the blossoms’
of Magnolia, April roth. i

Cerambycide—Flectromerus dentipes was taken, March sth, by bush-
beating, and the imago, pupze and larvae were found abundantly in the
dead branches of a species of Schrankia, which produces the so-called
“lucky bean,” and which is popularly termed “wait a bit,” which one
will perforce certainly do on coming in contact with its retrose thorns.
Callichroma splendidum.—Though I did not take this species, examples,
were seen which had occurred. ‘These had probably bred in some of the,
swamps some distance inland.

Tenebrionide—Opatrinus notus was at all times excessively abundant,
harbouring under boards, etc., on the dry sand. It breeds around ‘the’
stem of the cabbage Palmetto, among the bases of the fallen leaves:.
Crypticus obsoletus was quite abundant in the same situations, and with it
Platydema nitens, though less numerous. Phadleria puncticepbs was rare
on the ocean beach, while P. Zonguda and picifes appeared about March
rst, and gradually became very abundant.

Hyporhagus punctatus—Several examples were taken under. the
_ bark of dead seagrape (coco/obus ),where they seemed to be in hibernation,
though exposed to the sun with a midday temperature of 85°.

Anthicide— Mecynotarsus elegans was abundant in cultivated places
on spots of sand hot enough to blister. It is difficult to capture’ on
account of its swift, intricate gyrations. A minute ant inhabits the same
places, and goes through the same movements. It may be a question
whether the ant has learned these motions from the beetle or the beetle.
from the ant, but the advantage in one direction seems to be on the part
of the beetle, as it is usually safe from beetle hunters till accidentally
discovered. Formicomus scitulus was also abundant under boards and
the dead leaves of garden vegetables where there was sand. Anthicus, Sp.
Several examples were taken under dry cut grass with Sv/vanus rectus.

256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

It is very close to the California confinis, but may be distinguished by the
punctuation being generally finer. It may bea race of vicinus without
banded elytra and smaller than the type.

Rhyncophore—Artipus floridanus, popularly known as the “rose
bug,” does not seem to hibernate at this season, if indeed it ever does ;
it exists in great numbers and does as much mischief as its northern name-
sake ; though polyphagous, it seems to have a special fondness for citrus,
particularly the lime, destroying the blossoms and young fruit, and like-
wise nipping the margins of the leaves, which become white, giving the
tree a stunted, frosted appearance. On the main land this beetle feeds
on the leaves of the live oak, and of such, many are of a brilliant verdigris-
green colour, instead of the creamy white of those raised on citrus:
Macrops cryptops and Listronotus setosus are foundabundantly in the flowers
of Sagittaria. Votolomus basalis abound from the middle of February
till the various Palms are out of bloom. Cryptorhynchus lutosus breeds
abundantly in the disks (rods) of an abnormal leguminous shrub,
Ecastophyllum brownei. The most of the fruit ripens and falls from the
bush before February, at which time the beetles escape, but the few
belated disks found ripening, in nearly every instance contained a beetle
in some stage. The determination of both beetle and plant is due to
Mr. Schwarz, who had previously taken this insect at Biscayne Bay.

Mesites rufipennis—One example, ¢, was taken on the beach; the
antenne are inserted about the middle of the beak, which is coarsely
punctured to the tip, and has the usual frontal fovea and deep groove
extending in front of the insertion of the antennz ; on its under side is a
deep broad groove extending from the tip to the gula. This species
resembles closely immature examples of JZ. subcylindricus, but is more
depressed, and the elytral intervals are less convex and more finely
punctulate.

Scolytide—The examination of dead hardwood indicated that several
species of this family were abundant in their season. The larve of one
small species was observed in almost incredible numbers boring outwards
in the bark of Ficus aurea, preparatory to pupation ; they were so close
together that the surface of the back could scarcely be seen. They were
white, about .o6 inch long, and too numerous to make traceable galleries
under the bark, not being wood borers.

HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 957

LIFE HISTORY OF PAPILIO ZOLICAON.
BY ALICE M. JORDAN, NAPA, CAL.

£gg.—On September 2nd, 1893, it was found back of Napa College
Laboratory, laid singly on the stem of the flower of wild anise. Nearly
spherical, base slightly indented, smooth, bluish-white with grayish shade
on one side. Diameter, 1.245 mm. It hatched September 5th, bursting
the shell in halves ; the shell was white.

First larval stage-—Head rounded, black and shining. Body is
largest near the head, with short black hairs rising from two rows of
reddish-brown tubercles on segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12 on
each side of the centre of the dorsal surface, one row near the centre, the
other quite low on the side. On segments 7 and 8 are a number of
irregular-shaped white spots. Coloured dark brown, scent organs bluish-
white.

September 6—Diameter, .65 mm.; length, 3.40 mm.

" 7 " .80 " " 3:90 nm
" 8 " 89 " " 4.38 "
" 9 " .98 " " 4.75 om
" II " 1.05 " " 5:90 i
" 12 " 1.08 on 2 GrOoey
" 13 " I.20 " " 6.40 "
" 14 " 1.45 " " 6.85 "
" 15 " 1.58 " " 6.89 "
" 18 " 1.64 " " 7-309 «(on
" 19 " 1.69 " " 7:40 1
" 20 " 1.70 " " Fz:44 tt

Second larval stage.—Head slightly retracted under joint 2; rounded,
greenish with a black v-shaped line, the lower part of the v at the upper
part of the head, and a short black line in centre of v and two on each
side at base. The tubercles on segments 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12
are more hairy. The irregular white spots on segments 7 and 8 are some-
what larger. Both the dorsal and ventral sides are brown.

September 21— Diameter, 1.98 mm.; length, 7.55 mm.

" 22 " 2.00 " " 8.00 1
" 23 " 2.20 " " 8.35 "
" 25 " 3.00 I nu 10.25 "
" 26 " 3-50 " 1) wee LOO ant
" Z " 4.00 " Us gf P2BOOKs tik

" 28 " 4.00 I! " I2,00 4

258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Third larval stage.-—Head as before ; tubercles on 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
g, 10, 11 and 12 are hairless and of a bright orange colour. The body
is brown on dorsal side and brown mottled with green on ventral side.
Scent organs yellow and slightly larger than before.
September 29—Diameter, 4.10 mm.; length, 18. mm.

" 30 " 4.10 " " GTS

" 31 " 4.30 " " 20. wW"
October 2 " 4.50 " a) 20s pom

" 3 " 6.00 " " ZT eit }

" 4 " 6.50 " " 21.5 1

Fourth larval stage—Head as before; body smooth, ventral side
light green mottled with brown ; dorsal side slightly yellowish on seg-
ment 2 round scent organs ; from 2 to 12 the segments are in colour,—
in the centre of each a black line in which are four yellow spots, two on
each side ; on each side of the black line there is a narrow bluish line ; on
the outside of these is a brown line, which is on the joint, and when the
caterpillar is not crawling these brown lines are invisible. The r2th seg-
ment is bluish mottled with black. Scent organs are yellow.

October 5—Diameter, 6.00 mm.; length, 25. mm.

" 6 " 6.50 " " 26. "
" 7 " 6.98 1 " 30 "
"W 3 " 7°50 " " 35 "
1! 9 " 8.00 " " 40 "
" Io " 9.00 " " 40 "
" Iga t " 10.50 " " 40 "
" E2 i 10.50 " " 43. "

From the r2th of October until the 23rd, it remains the same size, and
on the 23rd it attached the r2th segment to a stem of the food plant, spun
a web until the web was between the 6th and 7th segments, drawing itself
together as much_as possible, it was ready to go into the next stage.

Chrysalis.—Cylindrical, the abdomen tapering, a slight depression
between thorax and abdomen, a blunt trigonate thoracic prominence
projecting forward parallel with a similar process over each eye ; a slight
lateral projection at base of wing-case and a row of subdorsal abdominal
elevations, four of which are most distinct, also a row of openings lower
down on each side. Colour light green mottled with light brown; wing-
cases same colour, only streaked longitudinaily instead of being mottled ;
the end of the thoracic projection is a dark brown ; the similar processes
over each eye are darker brown. A narrow band of dark brown extends
the length of the body on both sides ; from these bands extending along the
base of the wing-cases are small elevations, seven of which are very dis-
tinct. October 25th: diameter, 7 mm.; length, 27 mm.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259,

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

IV. THe PLeuRosTIcr SCARABAEIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.

In this group we have in some of the genera a return to the cephalic
and thoracic ornamentation by horns or tubercles in the males, as shown
in the Coprophaga ; however, none of the Canadian species would be
thus misplaced by anyone having even a slight acquaintance with the
family, as aside from this character the resemblance is slight. From some
of the Melolonthinz they are not so readily distinguished, except by the
position of the spiracles, as defined ina previous article. The genera may
be thus separted among themselves :

A. Claws of tarsi unequal in size.
b. Length not more than about % in. Antenne g-jointed.
Elytra conjointly very convex above, ofien more or less distinctly
Strate ana PUAGtALe- IN, FOWS.cccs cseaee>senconseigarsede . Anomatla.
Elytra flat, distinctly sulcate .......0. 1. .cssseses sseeenees SLPIZOMEFNG.
bb. Length greater, nearly or quite an sa Antenne ro-jointed.
Hay trardinnye mba tere sis iaccas av chivcncace sqseavawar sa xm tsiad tases toOPOepas
Elytra with black spots ..... SOS earn ster pees Pelidnota,
AA. Claws of tarsi equal.

c. Very small (about 25 in.). Colour brown, with indistinct
lighter marks, thorax distinctly channelled......... Valgus.

cc. Larger (.40 to above an inch).
d. Elytra deeply sinuate behind the humeri........uphoria.
dd.Elytra without more than a faint indication of this sinuation.

e. Thorax much narrower than elytra, often much nar-
rowed at base.

f. Size small (.50 in. or less).
Colour uniform black........... Cremastochilus.
Elytra luteous with black spots.......@zorimus.
Elytra rufotestaceous, or with transverse bands

of that colour and white.......... .Zrichius.
ff. Size large pee an inch), colour
uniform. . Sa pate Seperree aae Osmoderma.

ee. Thorax not aaicotee at pace beyond the effect pro-
duced by the rounding of the sides and about as
wide as the elytra.
g. Head entirely unarmed, clypeus
BUMPS... assess cee esau pinasmpineneins CN CLOCEDILAL Ms

260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

eg. Head with a low transverse carina anteriorly,

clypeus always toothed.
Clypeus simply bidentate at tip.........Ligyrus.
Clypeus with an elevated tridentate ‘process
BCFOTE ADEMAID v',/o0cus ives sous ionvas cad SMopeMse

ggg. Head with a long horn ye or a tubercle (?) on

BM oee s)« 2 deeeedee . A ploryctes.

The placing of a specimen in position by means Se ie Blas is easy,
as the inequality in the inner and outer ones in the species comprised in
group A is very marked. As most of the genera have but one species
belonging within our faunal limits, they present no difficulty in the way

of correct specific determination.

, Koeppe.

Two species of very variable colour and rather small size (.30 to .40

in.) are found here.

Thorax with distinct basal marginal line; colour variable, elytra
usually with two transverse bands of dark spots... w#zdudata, Mels.

Thorax without basal marginal line,
VELOW ci sis is vscd ss auccon ts

colour black to

OO CEPE EE ye ease ..lucicola, Fabr.
ST RIGEH ERAT, age

One species (S. arboricola, F.) about :40 inch. in length, resembling
Anomala in form, but the elytra are flat and distinctly sulcate. The
thorax is dark brown with a metallic lustre, the outer and basal margins

Fig. 28,

pale, the elytra are clay-
coloured. It may be found on
flowers during the day.

Penipnota, MacLeay.

The “ grape beetle,” Pe/zd-
nota punctata, Linn., is our
only representative. It is
about an inch in_ length,
brownish yellow, a black spot
near the middle of the thor-
acic side margin, and three
on each elytra (Fig. 28, @
larva; 5 pupa; ¢ beetle; @d
anal mark on larva; e antenna,
and f leg of larva).

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261

Cota.tpa, Burm.

]

One species, the “ goldsmith beetle,’
Cotalpa lanigera, Linn. (Fig. 29, beetle ;
fig. 30, larva), is found in our fauna. It
is about the size of the preceding species,
and has the head and thorax golden, the
elytra cream-coloured, with a slight
bluish cast. Beneath metallic green,
woolly.

CYCLOCEPHALA, Latr.

C. immaculata, Oliv., has once been reported hy Mr. Moffat. It is a
yellowish or reddish testaceous insect about half-an-inch in length, the
head dark or even black. It bears some slight resemblance to éertain
Lachnosterna, but has shorter legs.

Licyrus, Burm.

The two beetles belonging to this genus differ greatly in size, and are
otherwise easily separated. They are brownish in colour, heavier than
Lachnosterna in appearance and with shorter legs. Ligyrus relictus
breeds in old manure heaps.

Thorax without tubercle in front ; length, .70-.90 in....... relictus, Say.
Thorax with a tubercle near the middle of anterior margin ; length,
SPEEA Wir re Sone hey ona a: * crecevenPOpOsus, De G,

APHOoNus, Lec.
A single species bearing considerable resemblance in size, form and

colour to Ligyrus gibbosus is recorded. It may easily be distinguished,
however, by the lack of the thoracic tubercle and by the clypeus bearing
a tridentate process before the tip, whence the name A. ¢ridentatus, Say.

XYLORYCTES, Hope.

To this genus belongs the large X. satyrus, Fabr., which attains a
length of above an inch and is correspondingly heavy. The male has a
long hori, curved backwards at tip, while the female has the head orna-
mented simply with a small tubercle on the vertex.

EupuHoria, Burm.

Two species belong here, similar in shape, but
easily separated. These are £&. nda, Linn.,
(Fig. 31) and £. fulgida, Fabr. (Fig. 32),
distinguished thus:

Thorax very hairy above, elytra luteous with fig, ye.

262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

+ SAe Ree zie = Se ars. — ——— ie

small, black spots. . gee : » dldiches) tee Mann,
Thorax naked and pelened abaweae green with vellon margin, elytra
brownish red, with green surface lustre in places. . .fw/gida, Fabr.

CREMASTOCHILUS, Knoch.

The only recorded species is C. harrisii, Kirby, a rather elangaie and
flattened, black insect, .4o inch in length, the surface :
shining. The thorax has a very peculiar appearance,
because of the angles being separated from the disk
by rather deep impressions. The mentum is large
and somewhat cupuliform, with a rather deep and
broad notch behind. We figure it after Dr. Horn

(Fig. 33):

OsMODERMA, Lep.

This genus includes two very large, dark coloured .
beetles, with the thorax much narrower than the elytra.
They may be known apart thus:

Elytra nearly smooth, polished. . . evemzco/a, Kncoch.
Elytra rough, scabrous, thorax with a rather deep
channels)... . (eee ee eae re eno

Fig. 33.

Fig. 34 represents O. scabra.
Gnorimus, Lep.

G. maculosus, Knoch, is the only species. It re-
sembles Zyichius, but the elytra are yellowish (luteous)
with numerous black spots.

Tricutus, Fabr.

Fig. 34. Three species are on the Canadian lists; all are to
be found on flowers, especially wild rose and Spzr@a, during the heat of
the day, and fly readily when disturbed. The elytra are usually marked
with transverse white bands. They may be tabulated as follows:

A. Elytra rufo-testaceous, without transverse bands or velvety lateral
space.. aes peas .. bibens, Fabr.
AA. Elytra uaith Peas transverse ieoaac Ee date Seu spaces.

Second and fourth elytral intervals moderately oe punc-

tatex eeeivskantey Ey Ae ...piger, Fabr.
Second ad fourth mteErale very Patsely primes .affinis, Gory.
All are only moderate-sized insects, with rounded thorax, narrower
than the elytra, and very long legs. ;

Os

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 26

Vaucus, Scriba.

A very small, brown species, cavadiculatus, Fabr., (.25 inch), looking
Something like a diminutive Osmoderma, is our only representative. The
thorax is distinctly channelled, the elytra very much flattened, and with
indistinct yellowish or whitish markings across the middle and near the tip.

The following bibliography includes most of the more important
papers in which the North American Scarabaeidz have been treated in
synoptic or more or less monographic form :

1856. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Melolonthidz of the U. S. Jour
Acad. Nat. Sci., Phil., Vol. III., Series II., pp. 225-288.

1856. Leconte. Notes on three genera of Scarabaeidze, found in the
U: S. Proc: AON. S., Phil. Vol. VIIL, pp. 19-25.

1867. Horn, Geo. H. Descriptions of new genera and species of
Western Scarabaeide. Tr. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. L., pp. 163-169.

1868. Horn. Geotrupes of Boreal America. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Vol. I., pp: 313-322.

1870. Horn. Note on some genera of Coprophagous Scarabaeide of
the U.S. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 42-51.

1870. Horn. Description of the species of Aphodius and Dialytes
of the U.S. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 110-134.

1871. Horn. Synopsis of the Aphodiini of the U.S. Trans. Am.
Ent. Soc., Vol. III., pp. 284-297.

187t. Horn. Descriptions of new Coleoptera of the U. S., with notes
on known species. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. IIL, pp. 325-344.

1874. Leconte. Note on the genus Pleocoma, Lec. Trans. Am. Ent.
Soc., Vol. V., pp. 81-84.

_ 1874. Horn. Revision of the species of Trox of the U.S. Trans.

Am. Ent. Soc:, Vol. V., pp. 1-12.

1875. Horn. Synonymical notes and descriptions of new species of
N. A. Coleoptera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. V., pp. 126-156.

1876. Horn. Revision of the U.S. species of Ochodzeus and other
genera of Scarabaeide. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. V., pp. 177-197.

1878. Horn. Revision of the species of Listrochelus of the U. S,
Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. VII., pp. 137-148.

264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

1879. Horn. A monographic revision of the species of Cremastochilus
of the U.S. Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., Vol., XVIII., pp. 382-397.

1879. Horn. Synopsis of the Euphoriz of the U.S. Proc. Am. Phil.
Soc., Vol. XVIII., pp. 397-408. ;

1880. Horn. Contributions to the Coleopterology of the U. S., No. 3
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. VIII., pp. 139-154.

1881. Horn. Revision of the species of Polyphylla of the US;
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. IX., pp. 73-76.

1882. Horn. Notes on some little-known genera and species of
Coleoptera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. X., pp. 113-126.

1884. Horn. Notes on the species of Anomala inhabiting the U. S.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XI, pp. 157-164

1885. Horn. Descriptions of some new N. A. Scarabaeide. Trans.
Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIL, pp. 117-128.

1885. Blanchard, Fred’k. On the species of Canthon and Phanzeus
of the U. S., with notes on othergenera. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIL.,
pp. 163-172.

1887. Horn. A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the U. S.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV., pp. 1-110.

1887. Horn. Revision of the species of Lachnosterna of America,
north of Mexico. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIV., pp. 209-296.

1888. Horn. Review of the species of Pleocoma, with a discussion
of its systematic position in the Scarabaeide. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Vol. XV., pp. 1-18.

1888. Blanchard. Some account of our species of Geotrupes. Psyche,
Vol. V., pp. 103-110.

1889. Casey, Thos. L. Coleopterological Notices, I. Ann. N, Y.
Acad. Sci., V., pp. 40-198. (Table of Thyce.)

ErratumM.—Page 229, fifth line from bottom, for ‘Club three-jointed”
read “ Club many-jointed.”

Mailed September 6th,

Ube Pana = lagist

VOL. XXVI LONDON, OCTOBER, 1894. No. to.

SIXTH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION ( GE
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGISTS.

(ABSTRACT OF PROCEEDINGS BY THE ACTING SECRETARY.)

Morning Session—August 14, 1894.

The Association met at 10 a.m., in Room 12 of the Packer Institute,
Brooklyn, N. Y., August 14th, 1894. The following officers and mem-
bers were present :

President, L. O. Howard, Washington, D. C. ; Vice-President, J. B.
Smith, New Brunswick, N. J.; Acting Secretary, C. L. Marlatt,
Washington, D.C. Messrs. William H. Ashmead, Washington, D. Ce
Geo. F. Atkinson, Ithaca, N. on Nathan Banks, Sea Cliff, N.Y.; D. W.
Coquillett, Washington, D. C.; Geo. C. Davis, Agricultural College,
Mich. ; A. D. Hopkins, Mojeantonn, W. Va. ; Geo. H. Hudson, Platts-
burg, N. Now Lintner Albany,’ N.Y. v. H. Lowe, Jamaica, N. Y.;
Pow, Rate Morgantown, W. Va. ; ew ilhiars Saunders, Ottawa, Canada ;
E. B. Southwick, Central Park, New York City ; F. A. Sirrine, feces.
N. Y. There were also in attendance upon the meetings visitors and
members of other scientific societies, the average attendance being

* twenty-five persons.

The meeting was called to order by the President, and in the absence
of the Secretary, Mr. Gillette, Mr. C. L. Marlatt was elected secretary for
the meeting.

The President, Mr. L. O. Howard, of Washington, D. C., delivered
his annual address, which was.entitled “The Rise and Present Condition
of Official Economic Entomology,” the scope of which is sufficiently ex-
plained by the title.

On motion of Dr. Lintner, the thanks of the Society were unanimously
extended to the President for the admirable address presented.

A letter from the Secretary, Mr. Gillette, announced that he would be
unable to attend the meeting.

266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The following active members were elected :

F. C. Test, C. E. Chambliss and H.'G. Hubbard, all of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.; Victor “-H. Lowe and F. A.
Sirrine, of Jamaica, N. Y.; and F. W. Raine, of Morgantown, W. Va.

The following persons were elected to foreign membership :

Walter W. Froggatt, Technological Museum, Sydney, N.S. W.

Charles Whitehead, Barming House, Maidstone, Kent, England.

Geo. H. Carpenter, Science and Art Museum, J)ublin, Ireland.

Dr. Geza Horvath, Ministry of Agriculture, Buda Pesth, Austria.

Prof. A. Targioni-Tozzetti, R. Staz.d. Entom. Agric., Firenze. Italy.

Prof. A. Giard, 14 Rue Stanislas, Paris, France.

M. J. Danysz, Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Bourse de Commerce,
Paris, France.

Dr. J. Ritzema Bos, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Mr. Sven Lampa, Entomologist, Dept. Agric., Stockholm, Sweden.

Dr. N. Cholodkowsky, Institute Forestier, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Dr. K. Lindemann, Landwirthschaftliche Akademie, Moscow, Russia.

Prof. A. Portschinsky, Bur. Entom., Ministere de l’Agriculture, St.
Petersburg, Russia.

Mr. E. C. Reed, Banos de los Cauquenos, Chile.

Mr. J. B. Smith, New Brunswick, N. J., presented a paper on the use
of bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, in which he described a very
considerable number of experiments in the use of this substance against
the Melon Louse (Aphis cucumeris, Forbes), one of the most destructive
pests in parts of New Jersey and a very difficult insect to deal with. He
used the bisulphide by introducing it about the plants under wooden
boxes or bowls, placing the bisulphide directly on the ground under the
boxes and also in various receptacles. He concluded that, in melon
fields at least, bisulphide of carbon could be used very effectively, and
particularly in stamping out an invasion at its very outset, while the plants
are still of small size.

The paper was discussed by various members, Mr. Southwick
describing a combination of bisulphide with ‘ Polysolve,” which he had
used in the form of an emulsion ; and Mr. Lintner suggesting the use of
cloth coverings in place of the boxes employed by Mr. Smith. Mr.
Galloway suggested the use of the protection cloth used by seedsmen,
which is treated with oil and is practically air-tight. Mr. Howard referred
to the original suggestion by Garman, of the use of a washtub, which

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267

was thought to be very satisfactory for limited applications; and Mr. Smith
and Mr. Saunders suggested the use of paper caps, similar to but smaller
than those used by farmers for the protection of the hay crop. The
subject of the relation of parasites to the control of the louse was also
discussed, as well as the effect of the bisulphide on the plants themselves,
also upon the germination of seeds, when employed for the eradication
of grain pests, etc.
Afternoon Session—August 14, 1894.

The report of the committee appointed last year, on co-operation
among station entomologists, was presented by Mr. Smith, in the absence
of the chairman. The report covered the matter of concerted work upon
the life-history of special insects and their geographical distribution, the
selection of certain groups of species to be studied from year to year,
co-operation in experimentation with insecticide machinery to avoid
duplication, and suggestions in the matter of securing conjoint legislative
action among the States. The report was accepted and ordered to be
printed, so that opportunity might be afforded members to examine it, in
order to be able to take definite action on its adoption at the meeting
of 1895.

A letter from Miss Eleanor A. Ormerod was read by the President, in
which she expressed her regret at being unable to be present at the
meeting.

A paper by Mr. J. M. Aldrich, on spraying without a pump, was read
in his absence by Mr. Davis. This paper described a scheme for the”
mechanical mixture of water and oil by the use of an ordinary Nixon
Climax Nozzle, the combination of the water and oil being made in th
' nozzle itself.

In the next paper Mr. C. L. Marlatt gave a review of a number of
experiments conducted during the present year with several standard
insecticide mixtures, also a series of experiments testing certain of the
more important new insecticides or substances which seem to be of value-~.
as insect destroyers recently put before the public. The work was mainly»,
to determine (1) the best methods of treating scale insects ; (2) the effect of
various mixtures on trees and foliage, in both summer and winter appli-
cations ; (3) to show the relative merits of the old insecticides compared
with some of the newer ones, and (4) also the possibility of successfully
combining insecticides and fungicides.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Smith, Galloway and others.

268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGCSST.

Professor Galloway followed with a paper on various insecticide
substances, with which he had been experimenting for a number of years
past, many of them in lines which had not hitherto been worked to any
extent. He discussed particularly the kerosene emulsion made with lime,
with resin wash, and with Bordeaux mixture. He also described a new
method of making resin. wash, devised by one of his field agents in
Florida, which, briefly, consisted in using purer caustic soda, causing a
much more rapid formation of the resin soap. Various other mixtures of
possible insecticide value were also suggested. The paper was accom-
panied by the exhibition of a large series of vials, illustrating the various
mixtures and combinations described by the author. The communication
was generally discussed, and the important point emphasized that none of
the emulsions were as perfect or as permanent as the standard milk and
soap emulsions in common use, although some of them are possibly of
value for immediate application.

Mr. Webster’s paper on “Spraying with Arsenites vs. Bees” was
read, in the absence of the author, by the Secretary. The conclusions
arrived at were that arsenic is always present in the abdomens of bees
frequenting recently sprayed blossoms, and more or less of it reaches the
honey sacs ; and that bees are, therefore, liable to be poisoned by spraying
the bloom of fruit trees. He claimed that his experiments were the first
to show conclusively that actual poisoning does result to bees under the
conditions mentioned.

In the discussion, Mr. Lintner stated that even in the event of actual
harm resulting to the bees, the question is still an open one, for the reason
that many noxious insects frequenting fruit blooms are also destroyed.
The paper was further discussed by other members.

Mr. Southwick presented a paper on economic entomological work
in the parks of New York City, in which he described the general
character of the means employed to control destructive insects in the
principal parks of New York ; he also gave some notes on the occurrences
of and damage due to the principal insect pests with which he had to
contend. A general discussion of the paper followed, which was partici-
pated in by most of the members present.

Mr. Southwick followed with a second paper on the Wood Leopard
Moth in the parks of New York, giving an historical account of the insect,
its present status, the nature of the injury, the plants affected, and the
means he had adopted to exterminate the pest. He stated that this is a

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269

most difficult insect to control, and could only be reached by cutting off
the affected limb. In the case of rare trees, he had adopted the plan of
putting a little bisulphide of carbon in the larval burrow with an oil can,
closing the entrance with putty, which had proved an effective remedy.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Smith, Howard, and others.

In the absence of Prof. F. H. Snow, of Lawrence, Kansas, his paper
was read by Mr. Victor H. Lowe. This communication, entitled ‘« Work
in Economic Entomology at the University of Kansas for the season of
1894,” related particularly to the work with the Chinch Bug disease
(Sporotrichum globuliferum), and a new alfalfa and wheat pest, which
proved, on rearing, to be Agrotis introferans, Grote.

Mr. Smith reported that the same Noctuid had been found by Mr.
Gillette to occur very abundantly the present year in Colorado, and Mr.
Howard referred to the occurrence of the moth in enormous numbers in
Nebraska.

Messrs. Ashmead, Lintner and Hopkins were appointed by the Presi-
dent a committee to nominate officers for the ensuing year.

Morning Session—August 15, 1894.

Mr. Hopkins presented notes on some discoveries and observations
of the year in West Virginia. The paper dealt chiefly with wood-work-
ing insects, but also covered various garden pests, such as the Potato-
scab Gnat, the Melon Plant-louse, etc. The paper was discussed at
some length by Mr. Smith, Dr. Lintner, Mr. Raine, and others.

The President read a letter from Mr. Webster, stating that he was
unable to be present, on account of being actively engaged in stamp-
ing out an attack of Fidia larve on grape roots, by the use of bisulphide
of carbon.

Mr. Howard read a paper on the Eastern occurrences of the San José
scale, in which he briefly reviewed the history of the insect in the United
States, and showed that as a result of investigations during the winter of
1893-4, and the summer of 1894, the scale has been discovered in six
localities in the Eastern United States outside of New Jersey, while in
the latter State it occurs at many points. He traced the introduction to
two nursery firms in the State of New Jersey, and one in Missouri. He
detailed in full the remedial work which has been undertaken by the
Division of Entomology of the U.S. Department of Agriculture in each of
the six Eastern localities, and showed that by virtue of the active measures

270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

which have been taken, the insect will probably be stamped out in the
East by the close of the season.

The next paper was on the same subject, and discussion was therefore
deferred.

Mr. Smith then read a paper on the San José scale in New Jersey.
He stated that the scale had first come to him from a nursery in the
State in March, 1892, but had not been recognized, and he did not become
aware of the true nature of the insect until he received the special circular
sent out by the U. S. Department of Agriculture early in 1894. He
described his work in connection with the stamping out of the scale, and
particularly the active and energetic steps taken by the owners of the
infested nurseries, from which the scale had been exterminated on young
stock. He reported sending out letters to all persons who had obtained |
stock from’ the nurseries in question, enclosing the circular from the
Department of Agriculture referred to, and the examination of nearly 100
orchards in person. Asa result of his observations and work, he felt
confident that the scale would ultimately be completely stamped out.
The introduction of the scale was shown to have been either in 1886 or
1887, on some plum stock claimed to be curculio-proof, obtained from
the San José region in California. Other fruit trees imported from
California were also shown to be very likely infested. He gave some
facts in regard to the trees and varieties which are most liable to be
infested, also some notes on remedies.

In the discussion of these two papers, Dr. Lintner considered the
possibility of the introduction of the scale on fruit from California, and
concluded that the likelihood of the scale, so introduced, obtaining a foot-
hold was very slight.

Mr. Marlatt thought there was danger in placing too much confidence
in the work or the statements of nurserymen as to the completeness of
the eradication of the scale, pointing out the great difficulty of thorough
extermination and the ease with which a random scale here and there
could be overlooked. Mr. Banks referred to the publication ina New
York paper of occurrences of the scale in two or three localities in New
York, accompanied with the report of the adoption of active measures to
stamp it out in each instance.

Afternoon Session—August 15, 1894.
In continuation of the discussion of the morning session, Mr. Smith

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Q71.

exhibited specimens of California pears, obtained in Brooklyn, which were
covered with the San José scale in all stages of development.

Mr. Lintner exhibited an apple coming from Ottawa, Canada, handed
to him by Mr. Saunders, which was covered with the scales of AZytilaspis
pomorum.

Mr, Davis read a paper on Mealy Bugs and other lice. He gave a
careful résumé of the life-history of the common Mealy Bug (Dactylopius
destructor ), with detailed descriptions of the different stages ; also some |
notes on D. dongifilis. He also described a Coccus which he found on
roots of clover, giving a general account of the habits and careful
descriptions of the species. He also referred to Eriococcus azalee and
other scale insects.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Sirrine, Ashmead and Howard.
Mr. Sirrine thought Mr. Davis’s clover Coccus was the same as the one
found by Professor Forbes on white clover, and named by him Coccus
trifolit, Mr. Ashmead coinciding in this view, and Mr. Howard stating
that the Zriococcus azalee was certainly not an introduced species from
Belgium, as suggested by the author, since the species is not known in
Europe, amd Professor Comstock has found it on wild plants near Ithaca,
indicating that it is undoubtedly a native species. He said also that the
two old species of Dactylopius referred to by the author had been shown
by Berlese to be synonymous with European species, and that their life-
histories had been worked out by this authcr in great detail.

Mr. Marlatt read a paper on the Pear-tree Psylla in Maryland, in
which he described the sudden occurrence of this Northern pear pest in
two orchards on the eastern shore of Maryland, in very destructive
numbers. The introduction of the species was shown to have been upon
nursery stock from infested regions in New York, and the author was
confident that the injury, while excessively severe for the moment, would
not be of long duration, judging from the past history of the insect. A
brief review of the life-history was given, with some notes on the natural
enemies, notably’a species of lace-wing fly (Chrysopa oculata), the larva
of which feeds voraciously on all stages of the Psylla ; also various species
of lady-birds, which are useful in a similar way. The life-history of the
lace-wing fly was carefully worked out. Experiments with various insec-
ticides on the eggs of the Psylla were detailed, and general recom-
mendations for remedial work were given.

272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

The paper was discussed by Messrs. Davis, Southwick, Lintner, and
others, both Messrs. Southwick and Lintner reporting cases of sudden
appearance of the Psylla, with subsequent equally sudden disappearance.

Mr. Smith deferred speaking until the reading of his own paper, which
included a reference to the same insect, in which he said that the con-
ditions described by Mr. Marlatt were identical with the conditions
obtaining in localities in New Jersey, and that the source of the introduc-
tion was also the same.

Mr. Smith then read a paper, entitled ‘‘ Notes of the Year in New
Jersey,” which was a summary of the important insects brought to the
attention of the Entomologist during the present season. It contained
references to occurrences of the Pear-tree Psylla, the Pear Blister-mite, the
Pear Midge, a new pear pest in a species of Agrilus, probably avxzus, the
habits of this last insect being described at some length. ‘The paper also
considered the use of protective coverings for the trunks of trees as a
means against the borer ; invasions of cutworms ; the Periodical Cicada ;
some potato insects; onion maggots; the remarkable mortality of the
Clover-leaf Weevil larve, and the Potato-stalk Borer, 7richobaris trino-
tatus, which had been brought to his attention for the first time the pres-
ent year. The paper was discussed by most of the members present.

Mr. Davis also presented a communication covering notes on special
economic insects of the season in Michigan, referring particularly to the
occurrence of Diplotaxis Harperi as a strawberry pest, a Dipteron rasp-
berry girdler, Adimonia clavicollis, as a cherry-tree defoliator, (Votoxus
anchora, as feeding on fruit of cherry.

In the discussion, Mr. Hopkins stated that he had found the raspberry
cane maggot, described by Mr. Davis, in the Alleghany Mountains in
1892, but did not rear the adult.

In the absence of Mr. Chittenden, his paper, entitled ‘‘ Supplementary
Notes on the Strawberry Weevil, its Habits and Remedies,” was read by
Mr. Southwick. The writer noted the occurrence of the Strawberry
Weevil (Anthonomus signatus, Say.) in more or less injurious numbers in
parts of Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, Pennsylvania and New Jersey in
1893 and 1894. ‘Three new food-plants were discovered, the red-bud
( Cercis Canadensis), the dewberry and raspberry, and the life-cycle from
egg to adult was found to extend over a period of four weeks. The
methods of oviposition and of severing stems are described. A table
showing by States the destructive appearances of the insect from 1871 to

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 973

date is given. Under the head of remedies, the necessity of clean culture
is pointed out, also the benefit that might be derived from early-blooming
varieties of staminates, and of the red-bud tree as trap-crop. Kerosene
emulsion and Paris green were found by experiment to be of service, but
the latter gave the better results. Directions are given for the applications
of these insecticides, three or four sprayings being advised, beginning two
or three days before first bloom. The subject of covering beds is
considered, and in conclusion the fruit grower is urged not to trust
entirely to staminate varieties.

Mr. Smith said he had anticipated damage from this insect the present
season, but so far as he had observed, it did not manifest itself in New
Jersey.

In view of the lateness of the hour, the following papers were read by
title only :

‘‘Notes on the Insects of Northern Idaho,” by J. M. Aldrich, Moscow,
Idaho. This paper included a few notes on the principal pests of the
‘“‘ Pan-handle” district of Idaho, where the farming land is at an elevation
of 700 to 3,500 feet, with a corresponding change in climate. The in-
sects discussed were the Wheat Aphis, the Codling Moth, Bud Moth,
Woolly Aphis, Pear-leaf Blister-mite and the San José scale, which latter
the author stated was the most dreaded insect pest, and a considerable
effort was being made to prevent its spread to new localities.

“Insects of the Year,” by F. M. Webster, Wooster, Ohio. Mr.
Webster’s paper had particular reference to the occurrence of the larvz
of Fidia viticida, Walsh, in vineyards, which was the important insect
manifestation of the year in Ohio. It also covered the Raspberry
Agrilus, the strawberry Weevil, the Pear-tree Blister-beetle, joint worms,
the Bean Leaf-beetle and other garden and small-fruit pests, such as the
Grain Louse, Corn Bill-bug and a Thrips which is proving very destruc-
tive to onion crops. Other insects were also mentioned briefly.

“Notes from New Mexico,” by T. D. A. Cockerell, Las Cruces, N. M.
This paper covered numerous short notes on various insects observed in
New Mexico, with a description of the climatic and other conditions
characteristic of the more important natural districts of the State, and the
bearing of these on the insect fauna.

“Some Experience with Mosquitoes,” by Howard Evarts Weed, Agri-
cultural College, Miss. This communication covered the result of certain
experiments in the use of kerosene as a means of preventing the breeding

274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

of mosquitoes in water reservoirs on the college campus. The use of
kerosene was very satisfactory, and resulted in a very marked subsidence
of the mosquito trouble. The author also reports that kerosene is a very
good preventive to apply to the hands or face in the case of mosquito
outbreaks.

The report of the committee on nominations was presented by Mr,
Lintner, as follows :

President—J. B. Smith.

Vice-President—C. H. Fernald.

Secretary—C, L. Marlatt.

The report was unanimously adopted and the officers named duly
elected. (By inadvertence no second vice-president was nominated or
elected.) It was decided to follow the usual custom for the next meeting,
and hold it on the two days preceding the meeting of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science, and at the place decided
upon for the next meeting of that Association. On motion, it was
requested that the minutes be printed in full in “ Insect Life.”

After the reading and approval of the minutes of the entire session,
Mr. Southwick moved that the thanks of the Association be tendered to
the President and Secretary for the able and satisfactory manner in which
they had discharged their respective duties.

The resolution was adopted.

The Association was then declared adjourned by the President for one
year. C. L. Maruatt, Acting Secretary.

SEXUAL CHARACTERS IN SCOLYTID.
(A Preliminary Contribution.)

BY A. D, HOPKINS, ENTOMOLOGIST OF THE WEST VIRGINIA EXPERIMENT
STATION.

(Read before section F. of A. A. A. S., Brooklyn, Aug. zoth, 1894.)

It appears that comparatively little is known regarding the external
sexual characters of species in the family Scolytidz. Indeed, the species
of this family are among the most difficult of Coleoptera to study, or to
properly identify, unless one has access to a large series of correctly
named and classified examples. It is not so surprising, then, that more or
less confusion exists with reference to descriptions of the sexes, and that
numerous mistakes have been made in following the classifications and

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275

sexual characters given by those Specialists whom we recognize as the
best authority on the subject.

There is considerable difference of opinion among Specialists regard-
ing the external sexual characters of species in the genus Platypus as
based upon those given by Dr. Chapuse in his Monographie des Platy-
pids. With a view of satisfying myself on this question, I dissected a
number of alcoholic and dried examples of male and female P. guadri-
dentatus and P. compositus. The results convinced me that the male and
female characters given in the description of these. two species are
reversed.

The fact that descriptions of male and female Scolytids are based
largely upon the characters given by Chapuse. causes me to question the
correctness of interpretations of the external sexual characters in other
genera.

This led to the commencement of a systematic study of the sexual
characters of all the species of which I had sufficient material. A num-
ber of male and female examples of Xyloterus retusus, Xyloterus bivitta-
tus, Xyleborus dispar, and Xyleborus obesus were first dissected and a
careful study of the male and female genitalia was made. I found that
the male organ, while exhibiting remarkable differences in the species of
the two genera, possesses certain peculiarities by which it can be readily
recognized, even in dried specimens. Guided by this, I continued the
investigation until male and female examples of thirty-seven species,
representing seventeen genera, were dissected.

According to my interpretations, based upon the finding of the male
genitalia in the species examined, the sexual characters, as given by Le
Conte in Rhynchophora of America, North of Mexico, are wrong in ten
species out of five genera, and correct in ten species out of nine genera.
In fourteen species out of ten genera external sexual characters were
determined, which were previously unknown to me, and most of them are
probably new to science. In three species out of three genera, no dis-
tinctive or constant characters were observed by which the sexes could
be designated.

While the external sexual characters appear to be constant with the
species in some genera, in others no particular character is possessed by
all of the species. In fact, what may be a good male or female character
in one species will be reversed in another species of the same genus.

The greater development of the elytra and abdominal armatures is a

276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

good male character in some species, but not in others. The frontal con-
cavity is a good male character in some genera, but is reversed in others.
The flattened or concave front fringed with long hairs is a good’ male
character in some species, but is of no value in others, as we have found
it either absent or reversed in species of the same genera, Size and
colour appear to be of no value except in Xyleborus, where’ the male is,
as far as known, very much smaller and usually paler than the female.
Long hairs or bristles on the antennal club appear to be a good female
character in Monarthrum and Gnathotrichus. The long silky hairs with
curved points on the tibia and tarsus of male Xyloterus politus are rather
a remarkable and unique sexual character. Frontal elevations, depres-
sions. lines, channels and punctures are good sexual characters in some
species, while the same thing is of no value in other species of the same
genus. Thus, it will be seen that the external sexual characters are by no
means, constant among the species, and that it is not safe to conclude
that because one species has a well-marked and known male or female
external character, that other species belonging to the same genus will
necessarily show the same character. It is my opinion that the sexes of
no species of Scolytide should be characterized without previously
dissecting one or more examples of both sexes.

The male genitalia are composed of certain horny parts, the form of
some one or sore of which is usually characteristic to the nearly related
species of a genus, but a wide difference in the form of all of the parts
exists in species belonging to different genera. To characterize the
different forms by descriptions and drawings will require more time
than I have, as yet, been able to devote to this subject. It appears to me,
however, that further study in this line is necessary in order to approach
anything like a perfect and natural classification of the Scolytide, and I
hope to be able to contribute additional information upon this subject in
the future.

Below, I submit a list of the species I have examined, and give the
sexual characters as I have interpreted them. As previously stated, these
conclusions are based upon the finding, in individuals of each species, a
peculiar structure composed of numerous horny parts, which is evidently
the male generative organ. The only room for doubt, in my mind, is in
the bare possibility of an ovipositor composed of horny parts being
possessed by the female of any of the species. The fact, however, of the
numerous examples dissected, where the presence of the ova left no doubt

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 277

as to the sex, I failed to find anything approaching a horny ovipositor,
leads me to believe that the genitalia possessing prominent horny parts are,
among Scolytids, found only in the male

The descriptions referred to in the following list, unless otherwise
noted, will be found in Rhynchophora of America, north of Mexico, by

LeConte & Horn, 1886:
PLATYPUS.

LP. quadridentatus, Oliv. g =description of 9. ¢ new = description of

3d LP. flavicornis, except that the two large punctures each side of
the anterior extremity of the short dorsal impressed line, referred
to, are not punctures, but smooth, shining and slightly convex
spaces.

P.compositus, Say. $ =description of 9. @ = description of ¢.

CORTHYLUS.

C. punctatissimus, Zimm. ¢ = description of 9. @ =description of ?.

C. Columbianus, Hopk. ¢ =description of 9. @ =description of ¢.
Proceedings Entomological Society of Washington (not published),
also Bulletin 36, W. Va. Expt. Station.

MONARTHRUM.

M. fasciatum, Say. $ =description of 9. 2=description of 7.
Additional: $: front with coarse punctures; 9: front with fine
punctures, and with slight depression in the middle.

M. mali, Fitch. & =description of 9. ¢ = description of ¢ except in
the long spine referred to, which is not present in any of my ex-
amples of either fasciatum or mali, The long hairs on the club,
when adhering, as they often do, resemble a spine. The longest
hairs rise from the base of the club on the Side next to the head.

GNATHOTRICHUS.

G.. reétusus, Lec. f=description of 9. 9 =description of ¢.
Additional: ¢. Club of antennz with a few short, stiff hairs. No
long bristles. Head with a longitudinal elevation in front. @.
Antenne with a long bristle rising from the anterior edge of each
joint of the funiculus, and the first and second joint of the club ;
also with a few long hairs, all curving upwards.

G. materiarius, Fitch. ¢ =description of (?). 2 new. Antenne
with long hairs and’bristles as in vetusus. Head smooth and sparsely
punctured. Additional: ¢. Head with clongated longitudinal
elevation in front, ending in an acute point just above base of
mandibles.

278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

PITYOPHTHORUS.

P. minutissimus, Zimm. ¢ =description. @ =description.

P. confinis (?), Lec. g =description of 9. 9 =description of ¢.

P. (2) plagiatus, Lec. 4 =description of ¢ in synopsis of the Scoly-
tide by Zimmerman, and of ? in Rhynchophora by LeConte.
2 =description of ? (Zimm.) and of ¢ (LeConte).

XYLOTERUS.

X. retusus, Lec. ff =description. @ new. Head convex in front and
roughened with minute granules, and with a small depression in
the centre. :

. bivittatus, Kirby. ¢ and 2? =descriptions.

(?) (unzcolor, Eichh.) politus, Say. 4 new. Hind tibia narrower.
Anterior edge crooked and near the tip thickly clothed with long,
silky hairs with incurving points. Tarsus with fine hairs curved at
the points. 2 new characters. Hind tibia broader. Anterior edge
straight, with a few straight bristles. Tarsus with short, straight hairs.

The male of this species was unknown to Mr. Ejichhoff when I

’ examined his collection in 1892, as he remarked to me at the time that of

the large series of examples he had examined from North America, he

had failed to recognize a male. He also admitted that his wzzco/or was
evidently the same as Say’s poditus.

The difference in the antennal club, as suggested by LeConte, and the
remarkable male character, together with some other differences, demand,

I think, that this species should have a distinct genus erected for it.

be

XYLEBORUS.

X. dispar, Fab. and ¢ =descriptions.

X. obesus, Lec. 6 new (?). Length, 2mm. Width, 1.4 mm. ; similar
in form to & X. dispar, but smaller. Thorax does not project over
the head. Head smooth. Elytra distinctly punctured, but not in
rows, especially on the side. 9 =description.

X. xylographus, Say. 3g new (?). Length, 2mm. Width, .6 mm.
More cylindrical than ¢ of X. pubescens. Head punctured in front.
Thorax projecting over the head, the anterior portion being slightly
rugose, posterior portion smooth. Elytra shining, finely punctured,
and with a few granules on the declivily. Body sparsely covered
with long, fine hairs. 9 =description.

I believe this species to be identical with saxeseniz, Ratz. I can see

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. q 279

no difference in the examples collected here and those of saxesenzi from

France and Germany. Their galleries are also of the same character.

X. pubescens, Zimm. ¢ =description of ~ pubescens and X. perferans.
@ =description. Characters variable, and it is my belief that the
names of this and a number of other forms of the genus will prove
to be synonyms of X. perferans, Woll.*

X. fuscatus, Eichh. ¢ new. Ido not see sufficient difference between
this and the male of X. pudescens to distinguish them as separate
species. 9 =description. I think this will prove to be merely a
form of X. perferans.

DRYOCGTES.

D. autographus, Ratz. No distinctive external sexual characters were
observed in the examples dissected.

D. Eichhofi,n. sp. @&. Head more convex in front and with only a
few long hairs. @. Front slightly depressed and thickly covered
with long yellow hairs.

This ‘species resembles D. autographus in size and sculpture; the
principal difference being found in the secondary sexual characters, which
are rather prominent in this species, and obscure in the other. It was
determined for me in 1891 by Mr. Eichhoff as a doubtful variety of D.
autographus, but when I visited him in 1892, and called his attention to
the different characters, he admitted that it was a new species, and told
me to describe it as such. Therefore, I take pleasure in applying the
name which must always be familar to specialists and students in Scoly-
tides.

D. granicollis, Lec. §, with only afew hairs in front. @ with front
thickly covered with long yellow hairs.

TOMICUS.,

T. calligraphus, Germ. No distinctive external characters observed.
The elytra armatures appear to be somewhat more prominent in the
male than in the female, but this does not appear to bea reliable
character.

T. cacographus, Lec. ¢ with depression in front. Declivity with slightly
stronger armatures and longer hairs. @ with frontal depression
either absent or obscure.

*Mr. Blandford, in a report on the destruction of beer casks in India, has recorded
the same as his impression, London, 1893, p. 12,

280 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

T. pini, Harris. ¢g with frontal tubercle and elytral armatures more
prominent. § =description.
T. caelatus, EKichh. No distinctive external characters observed.
SCOLYTUS.

S. quadrispinosus, Say. g and 2 =descriptions.

S. muticus, Say. & =description of @ (?). Head broad and flat in
front and thickly fringed with long yellow hairs. Last abdominal
segment with two tufts of long hair near the posterior margin.
@ new. Head narrow, with impressed longitudinal line in front,
and with only a few long hairs. Last abdominal segment without
tufts of hairs.

S. rugulosus, Ratz. dg with head slightly flattened and broader than
in 2, the flat surface bearing a few long hairs. 9 —Head slightly
more convex in front, narrower and -without long hairs (at least in
the examples I have examined).

CHRAMESUS.

C. icorie, Lec. ¢g and ? =descriptions.
POLYGRAPHUS.

P. rufipennis, Kirby. ¢ head with one and sometimes two acute
tubercles in front. @ without acute tubercles in front.

PHLOEOTRIBUS.

P. frontalis, Oliv. ¢ and 9 =descriptions.
HYLESINUS.

FT, aculeatus,Say. 6 = description. The narrow, smooth, longitudinal
line referred to is present in both sexes. @: front more convex and
less pubescent in front.

PHLOEOSINUS.

P. dentatus, Say. { Declivity, with rows of rather prominent tubercles.

@ Declivity, with rows of granules in place of tubercles.

DENDROCTONUS.

D. terebrans, Oliv. 4 with only a few short hairs in front. @ with
numerous longer hairs in front. This, character is of little value,
however, on account of the liability of the hairs to be rubbed off.

D. frontalis, Zimm. ¢ with frontal channel deeper, and the granulate
punctures larger than in female. 9 Front smoother and more
convex.

HYLURGOPS,

HT. glabratus, Zett. g with slightly deeper transverse impressions in front,
and a longer longitudinal elevated line above base of mandibles. 2
with frontal transverse line present, but shorter in some individuals,
and obsolete in others.

Morgantown, W. Va., August roth, 1894,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281
A aE I ty I a
PLATYSAMIA COLUMBIA.

BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON, ONT.

During the winter of 1891-2, I received from Miss Morton, of
Newburgh, N. Y., six cocoons of P. columbia, which she had reared
from ova, received from one of her correspondents in Ann Arbor, Mich.
They were the first cocoons of that moth I had seen. Their extremely
small size as compared with Cecropia, their natty appearance and dark
colour, relieved by flecks of white silk, was quite novel to me, so I
frequently showed them to visitors. Amongst these was Mr. R. Elliot, of
Plover Mills, one of our members, whose residence is about fifteen miles
north-east of London, and whose name is well-known in ornithological
circles, but who is rather a “ naturalist” than a “ specialist ;” clear, calm
and appreciative in his observations of nature, and thoroughly reliable in
his statements. When he looked at the cocoons, he meditatively
remarked: “TI think Ihave seen something like that about our place.
Indeed, I feel certain I have seen it, but I shall keep a look-out.” On
the 14th of April, 1894, I received from Mr. Elliot two 2 columbia
cocoons. ‘They were attached to a branch of larch, on Opposite sides of
the same branch, and one about half its length in advance of the other.
The son of a neighbour of Mr. Elliot found one on a tree growing at his
house and showed it to Mr. Elliot, who saw it was what he was on the
look-out for, so they searched the trees and found more.

The roughened exterior of the cocoons, their dark brown colour, with
white markings, give them such a close resemblance to the bark of the
branch, that, but for their prominence, they would be extremely difficult
to detect, thus forcing on the observer the conviction that larch must be
their natural food-plant. On the 3rd of May a male moth emerged from
one of the cocoons, and on the 6th a female from the other. On the 5th
of May Mr. Elliot gave me another cocoon, which gave forth its imago
on the 13th, also a female. The male is three and a-half inches in
expanse of wing; the females are four and four and a-quarter. Those
from Miss Mortoa’s cocoons are of corresponding dimensions.

Much doubt was entertained when this moth was first discovered, as
to whether it was a “species” or a cross between two. This question
was conclusively settled when Prof. Fernald published his description
of its early stages (Can: Ent., Vol. X., p. 43). Miss Morton has
succeeded in pairing it with Cecropfia, and she says the progeny “were all

282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

barren, and quite different from either parent.” When the Professor wrote ~
his description, he was not confident that it was distinct from GJoveri.
Since then Miss Morton has reared Co/umdia .and Gloveri side by side,
and she says: ‘‘ The difference between their larve is marked in all their
stages, whilst the cocoons also differ in size and texture.” But she con-
siders Co/umbia to be closer to G/overi than to any other of the genus,
and she has had large experience in rearing all of them. It is known by
those who have handled them to be an easy thing to separate Columbia
cocoons from all the other Platysamias, but there seems to be some
difference of opinion as to what especially distinguishes the moth from
Cecropia. ‘That Columbia varies somewhat with the locality where found
seems certain. The Quebec and Maine forms, as illustrated by Bowles
and Strecker, do not strikingly resemble the Michigan specimens, which,
Miss Morton says, are quite constant in general appearance. Prof. J. B.
Smith states that all the Co/wmdzas that he has seen are very much alike.
I sent a specimen from Miss Morton’s cocoons to Dr. Brodie, of Toronto,
who has given Co/umbia a good deal of attention, and he said it did not
much resemble any Columbia he had ; and if he had received it without
data, he would have pronounced it a diminutive Cecropia. This to me
was decidedly confusing, and set me wondering if there were no points
of difference whereby to separate the two species unmistakably.

When taking a general survey of the two moths, the attention is at
once arrested by the smaller size and darker colour of Columbia. But
there are gradations in these. A very small Cecropia is at times obtained.
The male from Mr. Elliot’s cocoons is extremely dark, whilst a female re-
ceived from Miss Morton does not perceptibly differ in general shading
from some Cecropias. So, single specimens could give no certain indica-
tion from these differences.

With six authentic Co/umbias before me, and several fresh examples of
Cecropia, 1 will take up that part of Prof. S. I. Smith’s original description,
where he contrasts the two species, and comment upon it in sections,

‘This species differs materially from .S. cecropia. ‘The male has the
antenne, palpi, thorax and legs much darker.” Correct, as a rule. ‘* The
short grey (or whitish) band on the hind part of the thorax is not found in
S. cecropia.” Ihave a male Cecrofza with an indication of it, and in one
of the Co/umbias it is not visible. ‘‘ The discal spots of all the wings are
white, instead of dull red with a white centre.” \ In oneof the Columdias,
the spots are quite red. ‘‘ The transverse bands of both pairs of wings

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 283

are white, instead of dull red bordered internally with white.” Here,
I think, we get the most distinguishing point of difference between the
two moths, There is no symptom of red in the bands of Co/umbia. The
‘narrow, white, transverse band,” which in some of the specimens would
be better termed a line than a band, shades externally into the dark
grey of the border, whilst internally it is edged with solid black, which
merges into the dark brown of the middle area. This appears to me to
be the most conspicuous and constant difference between the two species,
and would of itself make it quite easy to separate the moths, regardless
of size or depth of colouring. ‘It wants the broad white band so con-
spicuous on the anterior border of the secondaries of .S. cecropia, and also
the reddish tints and markings near the apices of the primaries.” The
band is not so clear a white, or so broad, but is edged with black, which
is absent in Cecropia ; the tints on the apices are a distinction of degree,
and but a slight one at that.

- “The female differs from that of S. cecropia in having the palpi, legs
and abdominal rings dark brown, or almost black, instead of dull red.”
One of the Co/umbias is not distinguishable from Cecropia in that respect.
‘The discal spots of the primaries are linear, obscure and parallel to the
transverse band, instead of broad, conspicuous and parallel to the costal
border.” The spots are more linear, but with a decided tencency toward
lunate, thereby being about as much in line with the costal border as
with the transverse band. And so far from being obscure, from the
absence of red in them they are more conspicuous than in Cecropia.
There is a male Cecropia before me that would answer that description
better than any of the Co/umbdias. ‘The discal spots of the secondaries
are small and almost. round, instead of large and somewhat triangular.”
No difference except in size, and the absence of red in the spots of
Columbia. “ As inthe male, it bas the white on the hind part of the
thorax, and wants the white on the anterior border of the secondaries,
and also the red on the apices of the primaries, on the discal spots, and
on the transverse bands.” What I have said on these parts of the male
answers also for those of the female.

So, then, the only points that are left to me whereby to unmistakably
separate Columbia from Cecropia are the narrow, dull white, transverse
band edged internally with black, and the total absence of a red band.
These might not separate it from G/overi and Ceanothi. I am not
familiar with those species.

284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

FURTHER NOTES ON SCALE INSECTS (COCCID).
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.
The numbering is continued from page 193.

(13.) Zachardia cornuta, n. sp.— 2 scales crowded on the stems of
the plant, lively red-brown in colour, smooth and rather shiny, subtrans-
lucent ; elevated so as to form in outline a triangle, the base of which ‘is
greater than either side viewed from one side, but with the sides greater
than the base when the scale is viewed from one end. Ina lateral view
the two sides are about equal and meet each other at a right angle; all the
other angles of the profile, whether taken from the side or from the end,
are necessarily less than right angles.

A more minute inspection shows that the apex of the scale is not a
simple pyramid, but consists of a horn or tooth inclined backwards, so
that a small but distinct notch appears in the lateral outline on the pos-
terior side. This horn gives the whole scale somewhat the shape of
certain teeth of sharks.

_ Viewed from above, the scale is roughly oval in outline, but presents
on each side a slight bulging, before and behind which is a groove or
constriction.

Alt. 2, lat. 2, long. 224 mm.

Boiled in caustic soda, the females give a fine bright carmine, like
cochineal.

The young are elongate, bright crimson in colour.

Adult female circular in outline. The abdominal process appears to
be formed of three segments ; the basal one very large, about as long as
the breadth of its base ; the second much smaller, broader than long ;
the third or terminal quite small, abruptly truncate. From this terminal
portion arise the anal hairs in two bundles of five each ; these hairs are
of considerable length.

The lateral tubes are elongate, of the peculiar structure usually seen
in the genus. The glands are arranged in the tubes so that their proximal
outline in mass, viewed laterally, forms a portion of a circle, not a pointed
cone as in 7: melaleuce.

This !ac-insect was discovered by Prof. E. O. Wooton, on a species of
Composite growing on Little Mountain, on the occasion of a recent meet-
ing of the New Mexico College Field Club. Little Mountain is in the
Mesilla Valley of New Mexico, only a few miles from the Agricultural
College. Unfortunately the plant was not in flower, and so cannot be

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 285

identified, but it resembles an Artemisia. It grows commonly on the
mountains, but although I examined many specimens of it, I failed to
find any of the scales, which appeared to be very locally distributed.

From holes in some of the scales, it is evident that the species is
attacked by a parasite, but the latter has not been bred.

One other species of Zachardia or Carteria is known from the arid
region, namely, Z: /arree, Comstock. I possess a specimen of this,
kindly sent to me by Mr. Maskell, and from comparison with this, and a
study of Comstock’s description and figures, I concluded that my insect
was distinct. But to make quite sure, I forwarded specimens to- Wash-
ington to be compared with Comstock’s types of /arree, and Mr. L. O.
Howard has very kindly replied as follows :—

“Your new species of Carteria differs from C. darree, Comstock, in
the shorter, lateral excretory tubes, the shorter anal cone, and in the
smaller number of pores in the four groups back of the anal cone.
Each of these groups is composed of from 7 to g pores, while in C. larree
they are composed of from 18 to 25 each.”

It may be added, that /avree also differs from cornuta in not being
horned as described above.

The food-plant of Z: larreé (Larrea) grows abundantly in the
vicinity of Little Mountain, but no Zachardia was found upon it.

(14.) Orthezia anne, Ckll.—Prof. C. H. T. Townsend has kindly
sent me particulars concerning an Orthezia which he found on Chen-
opodium at St. Joe, Arizona, July 20, 1892.. I have no doubt that this is
O. anne, which was hitherto known only from specimens found on
Atriplex canescens at Las Cruces, New Mexico. The species was not
described until more than a year after Prof. Townsend’s Arizona find.

(15.) Phenacoccus helianthi, Ck\l.—This has so far only been re-
corded from Las Cruces, New Mexico. On August 25th, last year, I
swept some specimens from herbage at El Paso, Texas, but was not able
to find the plant they came off. The eggs and newly-hatched larve are
pale orange.

The following insects prey on P. heldianthi at Las Cruces :—

(a.) Hyperaspis undulata. Numerous, the larve covering themselves
with white secretion and so simulating coccids. Imago shiny black,
with a red spot on the disc of each elytron, and a broadly interrupted
pale orange-tinted marginal stripe. Identified by Dr. Horn, who
tells me that it has long been known as an enemy of aphides and
coccids.

286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

(b.) Leucopis (near bel/ula, Dr. Riley informs me). A small grey parasitic
dipteron.

(c.) Encyrtus, sp. (fide Dr Riley). Reddish-ochreous.

(d.) Zetrastichus, sp. (fide Dr. Riley) was also bred, but it is a secondary
parasite. The species is black with whitish legs and iridescent
wings.

(16.) Dactylopius solani, n. sp.—Q about 3 mm. long, sparsely
covered with mealy secretion, but without lateral or caudal mealy pro-
cesses. Colour pale yellowish. Antenne of the type normal in the
genus ; 8-jointed, joint 8 elongate, about as long as 6+7; 2 a little
shorter than 8, but longer than 3; 7 a little shorter than 3; 5 and 6
equal, a little shorter than 7 ; 4 shortest; 1 large and broad, about as
long as 3; 8 with three whorls of hairs. Formula 82 (31) 7 (56) 4.

In another specimen, joint 8 was distinctly longer than 6+7. In
this, also, joints 4, 5, 6 and 7 were about equal. 3 also may be subequal
with 2. ;

Femur ¥ longer than tibia ; tibia 14 longer than tarsus ; trochanter
with a long hair ; femur stout, with a row of five short but strong bristles
on its inner margin, and four (two pairs) on its outer or convex margin.
Tibia with five strong bristles on its outer margin, and five or six on its
inner margin. ‘Tarsus with four bristles on its outer, and four on its inner
margin. Claw stout, slightly curved. Tarsal knobbed hairs slender,
with subobsolete knobs.

Mentum apparently 2-jointed. Derm with scattered hairs and round
gland-orifices. Rostral loop very short.

Caudal tubercles as usual in the genus, distinct and fairly large, but
not elongated, each bearing two hairs of the same size as those on the
anogenital ring.

Anogenital ring with either the normal six hairs, or, in some examples,
four hairs of the normal size and two small.

On tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum), at the College Farm, Las
Cruces, New Mexico, discovered by Mr. H. H. Griffin. Most of the
specimens had been destroyed by parasites, when I received the material
at the end of August.

Although we have as yet no definite information beyond that given
above, it can hardly be doubted that the species lives naturally on the
roots of native Solanacese, and has thence spread to the potato, which is
not cultivated, except by way of experiment, at Las Cruces. It is ex-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 287

—

tremely probable that the undescribed Dacty/opius mentioned in Insect
Life, iii, pp. 413, 419, as infesting the roots of tomato in New
Mexico is the same. Another undescribed Dactylopius infests the
roots of So/anum melongena in Jamaica, and although it certainly
resembles D. solani, its identity with it cannot be affirmed until adult
specimens have been examined. (Entom., 1893, p. 266.)

D. solani is rather an unsatisfactory species to describe, as it possesses
just the necessary characters of the genus, neither more nor less. It is
thus much like D. szmp/ex, Ckll., which lives on leaves of Pancratium in
Jamaica, but the similarity need not cause confusion, owing to the great
difference of habitat. DD. afinis, Maskell, which lives on potato-tubers in
Australia, resembles D. so/ani¢ considerably, but differs in the lateral
filaments and in the proportions of the joints of the antennz.

D. lavandule, Signoret, found on roots of Lavandula in Europe,
differs in the proportions of the antennal joints ; and D. arece, Mask., on
roots of Areca in New Zealand, will at once be distinguished by the very
short second joint of the antenne. JD. soe, Mask., on roots of fea in
New Zealand, is quite different from D. solani.

At Las Cruces one finds on Compositz an insect very similar indeed
to D. solani, which I have described as Phenacoccus helianthi. It is dis-
tinguished without much trouble by the antenne, which have g joints in-
stead of 8, and by its above-ground habitat. As one contemplates these
two insects, it is difficult not to think that we have in D. solani a repre-
sentative of the old stock-form from which Phenacoccus helianthi sprung.

(17.) Diaspis lanatus, Morg. and Ckll.—This injurious species has,
up to the present time, been recognized only in the West Indies and
some of the eastern United States. I have now to report it from the
other side of the world, namely, Ceylon. Mr. E. E. Green, of Punduloya,
Ceylon, lately sent me specimens of what he considered a new species of
Diaspis, “ fatally abundant on cultivated geranium plants,” and I can
make nothing of it but D. /anatus. It similarly infests geraniums
(pelargoniums) in Jamaica.

(18.) Aspidiotus convexus, Comstock, 1881.—This so-called species,
which has been reported from California (Comstock) and New Mexico
(Townsend), appears to have no real existence in the form described by
its author. The New Mexican form, found on ash in Las Cruces, turns
out to be A. juglans-regta var. albus, Ckll, I sent specimens of this to

288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

the Dept. Agriculture, remarking at the same time that the relationship
between convexus and juglans-regie needed investigation.

Mr. Pergande, when my letter was received, proceeded to look into
the matter, arriving at the following remarkable results :—

MR. PERGANDE’S REPORT.

“Prepared a number of females of A. juglans-regi@ var. albus, and
compared them with typical jug/ans-regia, but failed to find any struc-
tural differences between the two.

‘“‘ The slides on which Comstock’s types of 4. convexus were mounted
are not in our collection, and were probably taken to Ithaca. I pre-
pared, therefore, 13 females, taken from twigs which had been labelled by
Comstock A. convexus, ‘type ;’ and also 6 females, which had been
placed by Comstock in alcohol, while examining the species in California;
but, when they were examined under the microscope, it was found that
not one of them had any groups of pores, and that they agreed exactly
with the description and figure of A. rapax. .

“ To be certain that they really are apax, 1 prepared also a large
number of females, taken from twigs which had been labelled by Com-
stock A. rapax ‘ type,’ and found, after comparing those marked rafaz,
that all of them are absolutely identical.

‘“Comstock must have made a mistake while describing the two
species ; he had evidently by mistake taken hold of another species,
while working on vafax. It is quite possible that his convexus is identical
with either jugZans-regie or ancylus. This point could be settled if Com-
stock would allow us to examine the slides.” (Pergande).

Since A. convexus is thus founded on the scale of rapax + the 2
insect of another species, the name must apparently drop. The name
“ convexus” refers to the convex scale of rapax, and should be placed in
the synonymy of that species—which is itself, according to Mr. Morgan,
of Oporto, a synonym of A. came/lie (Boisd).

It is to be observed that in the Dep. Agr. Rep. for 1880 (1881), A.
convexus is described on p. 295, A. juglans-regi@ on p. 300, and A. rapax
on p. 307. Therefore, those who consider rafax distinct from camellie
may have to consider whether the name convexus, which has priority of
place, should not be preferred for it. On the other hand, if it turns out
that convexus, apart from the scale, was jug/ans-regi@, it again has priority
of place, should any one care to use the name for a scale which is almost
flat, .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289

KENTUCKY BUTTERFLIES.
BY HATTIE H. WARNER, LEXINGTON, KENTUCKY.

The following list has for its foundation a collection belonging to the
Experiment Station of the Kentucky State College. The diurnal Lepi-
doptera have not been made the object of special collecting by the Station
entomologist, and doubtless a good many species will be added in the
future :—

1. Papilio ajax, Linn. Common in all wooded regions throughout
the State. High Bridge, Nortonville, Clay’s Ferry, etc.

2. Papilio philenor, Linn, Frequent throughout the State. Bowling
Green, Nortonville, Lexington, etc.

3. Papilio asterias, Fab. Frequent everywhere in the State.

4. Papilio trotlus, Linn. Common locally. Specimens from Glas-
gow, Clay’s Ferry, Fulton, etc.

5. Papilio turnus, Linn. Very common everywhere. Specimens:
from Providence, Lexington, Nortonville, Clay’s Ferry, etc.

6. Papilio cresphontes, Cram. Rather rare. Lexington, Bowling
Green.

7. Pieris protodice, Boisd. and Lec. Common some seasons, gener-
ally rare. Lexington.

8. Pieris rapa, Linn. Very common everywhere.

9. WVathalis iole, Boisd. Very rare.

10, Callidryas eubule, Linn. Rather common locally in Western
Kentucky.

11. Colias cesonia, Stoll. Lexington. Not common.

12. Colias philodice,Godt. The most zbundant butterfly of Kentucky.
Occurs in large swarms about damp sand in the latter part of summer.

13. Lerias nicippe, Cram. Common everywhere in_ lowlands.
Lexington, Nicholasville, Bowling Green, High Bridge, etc.

14. Lertas lisa, Boisd. and Lec. Found only occasionally. Speci-
mens from Glasgow.

15. Danais archippus, Fab. Common everywhere.

16. Argynnis diana, Cram. Very rare. A specimen was collected by
Prof. A. Garman, at East Cairo, several years ago.

17. Argynnis cybele, Fab. Common about thistles in summer.

18. ELuptoieta claudia, Cram. Common in fall all over the State,
Lexington, Bowling Green, East Hickman,

290 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST.

as

19. MWelitea phaeton, Drury. Moderately common in June. Pineville.

20. Phyciodes nycteis, Doubleday and Hewitson. Moderately common
everywhere. Specimens from Lexington, Pineville, Brooklyn Bridge.

21. Phyciodes tharos, Drury. Very common all over Kentucky.
Seen from May through the season. spite

22. Grapta interrogationis, Fab. One of the most abundant butter-
flies of Kentucky. ant

23.. Grapta comma, Harr. Rather rare. Specimens from Lexington.

24. Grapta progne, Cram, Rather rare. Specimens from Clay’s
Ferry.

25. Vanessa antiopa, Linn. Not common, most often seen in the fall.

26. Pyrameis atalanta, Linn. Frequently seen throughout the State.
Specimens from Lexington.

27. Pyrameis huntera, Fab. Rather common. Specimens from Lex-
ington, East Hickman and Bryant.

28. Pyramets cardui, Linn. Common everywhere.

29. Junonia cenia, Hubn. Occasional in Eastern Kentucky. Com-
mon in western part of State, along the Ohio River. Specimens from
Glasgow and Fulton.

30. Limenitis ursula, Fab. Frequently seen during the latter part
of summer. Specimens from Giasgow, Lexington, Pineville, East Hickman.

31. Limenitis disippus, Godt. Not very common. Specimens from
Lexington, Glasgow and Tyrone.

32. Apatura celtis, Boisd. and Lec. Common everywhere. Speci-
mens from Lexington and Fulton.

33. Apatura clyton, Boisd. and Lec. Occasional, Specimens from
Lexington, Fulton and Tyrone.

34. Faphia troglodyta, Fab. Occasional in Eastern Kentucky.
Common locally in Western Kentucky. Found at Lexington, Hopkins-
ville and Glasgow Junction.

35. Debis portlandia, Fab. Moderately common in Western
Kentucky. Specimens from Aden Springs and Fulton. ies

36. Meonympha gemma, Hubn. Occasionally seen. Specimens from
Fulton.

37. Leonympha eurytris, Fab. Rather common in open woods.
Specimens from Nortonville, Midland and High Bridge.

'38. Meonympha sosybius, Fab. Common everywhere in woodland.
Specimens from Fulton,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291

39. Satyrus alope, Fab. Common in mountains of Eastern Kentucky.
Specimens from Midland.

40. Libythea bachmani, Kirtland. Occurs throughout the State.
Common i in Western Kentucky, along the Mississippi and Ole Rivers.

Sats Thecla halesus, Cram. Lexington.

42. Thecla humuli, Harr. Rather rare. Specimens from High
Bridge and Fulton.

43. Chrysophanus hypophieas, Boisd. Frequent. Specimens ‘from
Lexington.

44. Lytiena pseudargiolus, Boisd. and Lec. Frequently seen. Speci-
mens from Lexington and Pineville. er

45. Lycena comyntas, Godt. Common everywhere. Specimens from
Lexington and Pineville.

46. Ancyloxypha numitor, Fab. Abundant everywhere along streams.

47. Pamphila zabulon, Boisd. and Lec. Brooklyn Ferry and Lex-
ington.

48. Pamphila huron, Edw. Common some seasons in Rasa Ken-
tucky. Specimens from Lexington and Bowling Green. .

49. Lamphila otho, Smith and Abbott. Rare ; one specimen from -
Glasgow Junction. ,

50. Pamphila peckius, Kirby. Very common everywhere. Seen in
June and July. ; .

51. Pamphila cernes, Boisd. and Lec. Common throughout the State.
Specimens from Lexington, Glasgow, etc.

52. Pamphila verna, Edw. Rare, only One specimen in the nahin

53. Pyrgus tessellata, Scudd. Common everywhere throughout the
State.

54. Misoniades martialis, Scudd. Rare, only one specimen, from
Nortonville. ;

55. Pholisora catullus, Fab. Common throughout the State.

56. Pholisora hayhurstii, Edw. Not very common. Only one speci-
men, from Bryant, Kentucky.

57. Eudamus pylades, Scudd. Not very common, a single specimen
from Brooklyn Bridge.

58. Ludamus bathyllus, Smith and Abbott. Rather rare. Specimens
from Glasgow and Bowling Green.

59: Hudamus lycidas, Smith and Abbott. Rather rare. Specimens
from Glasgow Junction.

60, Ludamus tityrus, Fab. Common throughout the State.

292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A FEW REMARKABLE VARIATIONS IN LEPIDOPTERA.
BY GEORGE A. EHRMANN, PITTSBURGH, PENN’A.

Papilio turnus, 9, Linn.—I received a curious example of a 9 P.
turnus, which has the outer margin greatly produced towards the apex
of the primaries ; the secondaries are more rounded and not so elongate
as in the typical form ; and the black discal bars are broader and more
suffused. The expanse is only 334 inches, thus giving the insect a very
odd appearance. My specimen was taken in Westmoreland County, Pa.
Dr. Holland has an example, taken in Coalburgh, W. Va., that agrees in
every respect with mine.

LP. turnus, dim, form G/aucus, Linn.—This singular specimen is of
the ‘¢urnus-glaucus form, but the right-hand primary is almost as light
and boldly marked as the typical turnus. I have also an example that
is as dark as the darkest forms of g/aucus and has no trace of yellow in
it except on the underside of the right-hand primary, where there are
many large, light, yellow blotches, that seem to have been put there arti-
ficially. There is another in my collection that has little or no trace of
yellow on the forewings, but the discal band of secondaries is nearly as
boldly marked with yellow as in ¢urnus.

£. asterias, Fabr.—QOut of a batch of about forty larve that I
- succeeded in rearing, and carried through the winter of 1892-3, I
obtained five fine examples, four males and one female, that have no
pupil-spot in the ocellus. There were no two larve in this batch that
were alike, even at the same stage of existence.

Leucarctia acrea, Drury.— ¢. Same as the typical form, except that
the black spots on the right-hand primary, between the median nervures,
have blended into one another, thus forming three black bars. This
curious example was caught flying around the electric lights of our city,
in the latter part of June, 1893. The black bars are half-an-inch long,
and give the moth a very singular appearance.

Leucarctia acrea, Drury, var. Kéagesii, Ehrmann.— g. Upper sur-
face of primaries has no black spots whatever, except three small ones on
the median portion of the costa, and six exceedingly minute black points
on the outer margin. On the secondaries there is a faint black discal
spot, and two on the outer margin, one near the apex and one near the
inner angle. All these spots are almost obsolete, thus making this an in-
teresting form, and giving it the beauty of having clear white primaries,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 293

and almost immaculate orange secondaries. On the under surface of
both pairs of wings the markings are the same as above, but the ground
colour of the wings is much lighter than usual, and is of a lovely lemon
yellow ; the abdomen, thorax, head, antenne and legs are the same as in
the typical form.

Of this form, I have seen several examples in various collections, and
I believe that it is a sufficient variation to have at least a name of its own.
I therefore claim the pleasure of dedicating this pretty form to the
memory of my deceased friend, Frederick W. Klages, who was preparing
for a second collécting trip to Jamaica, when he was taken ill and died.

PARTIAL PREPARATORY STAGES OF HEMILEUCA
CALIFORNICA, WRIGHT.
BY G. H. FRENCH, CARBONDALE, ILL.

The eggs are sub-globular, between that and sub-quadrate, shaped much
like Zuma and its allies ; length, .o6 inch ; width, .06 inch, by .o5 inch in
height; smooth, the apex flattened, but the base rounded. Colour, olive green;
those on one side of the twig, red tinted. They were placed round a
twig of food plant (willow) with one of the long ways across the twig.
They were from California, and where deposited about the last of
October. As they hatched the middle of the following April, this would
give six months as the duration of this period.

Young Larva.—Length, .12 inch. Sub-cylindrical, largest at the
anterior end. Body black, or, we might say, orange-black ; each joint
with six fleshy, cylindrical tubercles, nearly as long as the diameter of
the body, from each of which arise two white hairs. Head black ;
venter, legs and anal segment orange. Duration of this period, 8 days.

After rst moult.—Length, .16 inch. Shaped as before. Uniform
brownish-black, the tubercles and all; hairs grayish-white. Duration of
this period, 11 days.

After 2nd moult.—Length, .25 inch. Ofa uniform black, about the
same shade as before; the two dorsal rows of tubercles orange with
black bases, those on the posterior part of the body with the black ex-
tending well up on the tubercle, two pale hairs for each tubercle.

During this period all died. Though I had several thousand of them,
I failed to get any past the third moult. They were extremely gregarious
in their feeding, huddling together on the food plant, and moving but
little.

294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES FROM: MY DIARY, QUEBEC, 1893.

BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.

On August roth, I left by the 4.45 p.m. terry for the Isle d’Orleans,
which was reached about 5.30. A short walk uphill brought me to one
of my favourite collecting grounds, and the remaining daylight was use-
fully spent looking for Coleoptera, a few good things being taken.

About dusk I visited a patch of the spreading Dog-bane (Apocynum
androsemifolium, Lin.), which was in bloom, growing at one end of a
small clearing in the woods ; a road ran alongside the fence at this end,
on the other side of which was more wood. ‘The evening was clear, with
somewhat of a warm breeze. Here, in half-an-hour, I captured eight
species of Plusia, over 30 specimens. I was kept busy netting and
bottling my captures. Things were so numerous that several entomolo-
gists could have found a lively and profitable thirty minutes’ occupation ;
unfortunately, I had to tear myself away at 8 o’clock, to catch the boat.

When I got home, I found the following to be the contents of my
bottles : Plusia putnami, Grt., 4; thyatiroides, Gn., 1; U-aureum, Bdv., a:
mortuorum, Gn., 6; viridisignata, Grt.,1; ampla, Walk., 1. The balance
consisted of precationis, Gn., and simplex,Gn. The only other noctuid
taken at this blossom was Drasteria erechtea, Cram., rather common. I
may add that before dusk I took a fine Plusia bimaculata, Steph., on
the wing.

BOOK NOTICES.

Ranpom RECOLLECTIONS OF WooDLAND, FEN aND HILL; and Woop-
sipE, BurNsIDE, HiListpeE aNnD Marsu, by J. W. Tutt, Editor of
the Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation. London: Swan,
Sonnenschein & Co.

The name of the author of these two volumes must be familiar to our
readers, as an occcasional contributor to our pages, while he is widely
known as a writer of much scientific repute on matters concerning the
Lepidoptera. In these two books he has assumed a lighter and more
popular role ; his aim has been—to quote his own words—“ to bring
under the notice of the general public, in readable and untechnical
language, a few of the interesting phenomena which are to be observed
everywhere around us, by those who take the trouble to look for them,
and to give such explanations of their causes as may easily be under-
stood, even by those whose scientific knowledge is small.” He has cer-

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295

——

tainly carried out his design most successfully, and given to the world
two very charming and interesting books on out-of-doors Natural History.
Anyone, whether young or old, who takes any pleasure in the beauties of
nature, and any interest in the varied world of animal and vegetable life,
will read them with the greatest delight, and follow the author with un-
flagging interest, during his rambles over hill and dale, and by marsh and
burn:and fen. In the former work, more attention is paid to the habits
and variations of insects, while the latter treats of any animal or plant
that may be met with in expeditions to widely different localities.
Amusing episodes and pretty bits of verse enliven the volumes, and many
capital pictures render the later one still more attractive.

REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE NEW JERSEY
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EXPERIMENT STATION, by John B. Smith,
Sc. D., for the year 1393.

It is obviously impossible to notice all the ever-welcome bulletins and
reports that constantly flow from the various Experimental Stations
throughout North America, for copies of which we are very grateful to
their authors. We may, however, call attention to Dr. Smith’s excellent
departure from the ordinary report. After giving the usual general
review of the season, and an account of the most important insect attacks
of the year, he devotes a large portion of his work to a most useful and
admirable account of the ‘“‘ Beneficial Insects,” in all the different orders.
It is clearly and plainly written, so as to be within the comprehension: of
non-entomologists, and is profusely illustrated with excellent figures,
many, of them being new productions by means of photography. ‘ It
ought to be widely distributed, in order to teach the general public that a
very large proportion of insects are not noxious, and should not be
wantonly destroyed.

CORRESPONDENCE.

INSECTS AT LIGHT.

Sir,—That light is one of the greatest attractions to the Insect World
has never been so forcibly demonstrated to me as this summer. In the
eastern part of the City of Cleveland, and situated near the Garfield
Memorial, are the immense car barns of the C. E. R. Co., one of the
street railways of this city. One of these buildings, with a breadth of one
hundred feet and a length of over three hundred feet, is painted white on

296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST.

the inside. At night it is illuminated both inside and out with electric
arc lights. The walls, I should judge, are about thirty feet in height.
Situated as these buildings are, near the cemetery, some parts of which lie
untouched by the hand of man, being in a truly primeval condition, you
can see at once that the place is exceedingly favorable to the entomolo-
gist. It seems that these white walls, together with the electric lights,
form a moth trap which no entomologist could improve. The ends of the
building are, of course, left open. This place is a veritable fairyland for

the entomologist. During a storm insects of all kinds will fly in, and are
easily captured. Among the Lepidoptera which I have taken are the
following: <Attacus luna, A. Cecropia, A. Polyphemus, A. Promethea,
Eacles imperialis, Saturnia Lo, Arctia acrea; over twenty different
species of Hawk moths, and many others too numerous to mention, As
I am only collecting Lepidoptera, I have not paid much attention to the
other orders of insects. The Coleoptera are also very abundant.

Before I close, I may speak of Argynnis aphrodite, which I never
saw so common before. On going into a meadow a dozen will fly up at
your approach, while they are over everything and everywhere. Never
here have I seen a butterfly in such numbers.

Gro. L. Lex, Cleveland, Ohio.

ATTACUS PROMETHEA.

Sir,—Having noticed Mr. Moffat’s communication regarding Attacus
promethea in the August number, it occurs to me that the following may
prove of interest. On June roth, while in Milton, Mass., I placed two
females in a box on the piazza for assembling. About 3 o’clock in the
afternoon a male was observed flying around the house. He was cap-
tured, and a short time later another appeared. They kept coming at
intervals until about half-past five, and after that none were seen. There
were ten in all, of which number eight were perfect. On the next day, at
about the same time, they began to come again, but very much more numer-
ously. At the end of the afternoon, twenty-nine had been taken, besides
a large number which were not collected, because of imperfections. The
moths were not seen either night. The next day no more moths put in
their appearance, and the females were removed. Besides this occasion,
I have several times seen the male moths flying around, when there were
no females in the vicinity. I have never seen the females fly’ by day,
however, or the males except between three and six o’clock. It seems
to me that Promethea is habitually a day flyer, but I have never seen
any other of the Saturniide on the wing during the daytime. All the
males which assembled showed the same apparent blindness which Mr.
Moffat speaks of. James A. FIELD, Milton, Mass,

Mailed October sth,

a Canadian ee

“VOL. XXVL.__ “LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1894. Noa

THE COLEOPTERA OF CANADA.
BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.
V. THE COCcCINELLIDZ OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.

This family includes a moderate number of beetles, usually of com-
pact, convex and often more or less hemispherical form, coloured as a
rule in striking patterns of yellows or reds and black. In most cases
the surface is glabrous, though in Scymnus and some less extensive genera
it may be plainly pubescent. Technically, the family may be known by
the clavate antenne, the three-jointed tarsi with dilated second joint and the
partially membranous dorsal abdominal segments ; the ventral segments
are free, the first usually with coxal lines, and the claws ordinarily appen-
diculate or toothed. It will, however, seldom be necessary to recur to
these characters in the study of a limited. fauna such as is presented by
East Canada, as the facies is usually such: as to render the fact of an
insect belonging here unmistakable. Sexual characters are feeble and
seldom used in specific or generic determinations.

The larvee are common on leaves of plants, and may often be seen in
numbers on twigs infested with aphides, which constitute the chief food
of the more northern species, although Zpzlachna borealis
(Fig. 35), which occurs farther to the south, is known to be
phytophagous in habit. Most of the known North American Jf [
larvee of this family agree in being of somewhat elongate
form, often quite spiny and usually spotted or banded in reds,
black and yellows. They bear a resemblance to a minute Fig. 35.
abieator in shape, and are known under that name by children in some
parts of the country. When full fed the larva attaches
itself by the anal extremity to some convenient surface—
the under side of a leaf or the bark of a tree in wild
countries—and transforms to a pupa (Fig. 36—pupa of
Coccinella g-notata), displaying the characteristic gaudy
colours before mentioned, the old larval skin adhering to
the posterior extremity.

The genera are extremely difficult to tabulate in-a

298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

satisfactory form, and I have been unable to find easily seen characters
in all cases—partly because of the extreme resemblance in form among
certain genera, and partly on account of the wide variation in colour
shown by a few species precluding much use of this in a table. In part,
I have followed the “ Classification,” while in other places I have used
more readily perceived characters, which, while not in themselves of true
generic value, will nevertheless allow the species here treated to be
properly placed. The interpretation of specific characters is, in general,
after the “ Revision of the Coccinellide of the United States,” by Mr.
Crotch, although he has not tabulated most of them. Scymnus is omitted
for the present.

A word of caution is necessary to beginners. Some of the species
are very closely allied, and often so variable in colour, especially as re-
gards the greater or less development of the elytral spots, that they may
prove extremely puzzling, and in order to avoid mistakes the tables and
descriptions, which have been made fuller than in preceding papers of
this series, should be carefully studied. ‘The considerable number of
figures offered should also prove an aid to accurate work.

The species known from. our region may be placed in their pase
mate genera by use of the following key :

A. Body pubescent.
Antenne reaching base of thorax ; body oblong-oval. . . Coccidu/a.
Antenne scarcely as long as the head; body nearly hemis-
POMETICA Sra. aes hea scenes PePteret bln: sos cnsthay ees eieses semaue Ne: Scymnus.
AA. Body glabrous, base of antenne covered by a frontal plate, thorax
very small; upper surface black, elytra each with one red
spot.. att ele Rlacawesiaiat noise: \elniie CoRAMIY dnclspenatees oC NBACUEO tea
AAA. ody Biron. ne ae antennz ‘aan thorax of moderate
size.
b. Form oblong-oval or elongate, ventral lines absent or nearly
so.
c. Elytra with sutural and discoidal black stripe. .... Vemia.
cc. Elytra spotted.
d. Thorax distinctly margined at base. ........ AZegi//a.
dd. Thorax not margined at base.
Small (.13 in.). Elytra each with eight spots,*

sometimes confluent, .........000 sees: Anitsosticta.
Larger (.20—.30 in.). Elytra with not more than
SIX SpOts* OmmeseMs Je. is ekageatee LTippodamia.

*The common sutural spots excluded.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299

bb. Form usually rounded and much more convex ; metasternal
and ventral coxal lines distinct.

e. Antenne longer (sometimes only slightly so) than the
head; form looser, less contractile; colour above
usually pale with dark markings.

f. Size small (.08 to .10 in.) ..,..0008+ «2+ Psyllobora.
ff. Larger (.16 to .38 in.).
g. Antennz only slightly longer than the head,
elytral epipleurz not extending to tip.
Lines on first ventral angulate exter-

mallyesvasesr-* caaepaienalssosanatl Coccinella.
Lines on first ventral semicircular,
COMPETE 2) o) avacccseswesvenbatens Adalia.
Lines on first ventra) incomplete ex-
termally........... sesseeeee -- Harmonia.

gg. Antenne longer, extending at least to middle
of prothorax ; epipleurz entire.
Claws _ bifid, Ves oval, more con-

VER chic cscesnecs acca specciannstee Mysta.
Claws toothed: body rounded in outline,
IESS'RON VER: .2 05-2. caee ene .. Anatis.

ee. Antennz extremely short, Spout as (ngs) as jehe front ;
body compact, strongly retractile ; colour above black,
with yellow or red markings.

Anterior tibiz with a strong spine on the outer
edge, elytral spots more numerous. Brachyacantha.

Anterior tibiz simple, elytral spots fewer in num-
Pe beee treet dc.) comments hem kevameaat sani Hy peraspis.
Anisosticta, Duponchel.

A. strigata, Thunb., which represents the above genus in the Canadian
fauna, is a small ovate or somewhat elongate insect (.13 in.), black beneath
excepting the sides and tip of the abdomen, which, with the legs and
antenne, are yellow. Above, the head is yellow anteriorly, the thorax
yellow, with two triangular black spots, the apices of the triangles being
applied to the base. ‘These spots are sometimes irregularly v-shaped, or
the outer limb of the v may even be separated as a spot. Elytra yellowish,
with a common bilobed spot on the scutellar region, and usually eight
others on each, black ; these spots may, however, be confluent in a varying
degree, so as to form a less number of larger size.

300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nmra, Muls.

To this genus belongs WV. efiscopadlis, Kirby, a small species (.15 in.)
of more than usually elongate and parallel form, black beneath, with the
legs and sides of the abdomen yellow. Above, the head and prothorax
are black with yellow stripes, the elytra yellow with a narrow common
black sutural vitta, and on each a broader discoidal one ; none of these
reach the apex.

MEGILLA, Muls.

The well-known JZ. maculata, DeGeer, is of an oval, not very convex
form,. black beneath, the prosternum and a row of triangular lateral
abdominal spots reddish. Above, reddish, with large biack spots as
follows :—Two large black sub-triangular on the prothorax, one diamond-
shaped on the scutellar region of the elytra, one transversely elliptical on
the suture about three-fourths to tip ; each elytron has in addition
four spots (the second the largest) arranged longitudinally near
the external edge. Legs black, head black with a triangular
frontal spot prolonged on to both sides at the broad end.
Length,.20 to .22 in. (Fig. 37.)

Hippopamia, Muls.

The species are rather numerous and vary to a considerable extent in
the size of the elytral black spots. The thorax has a pale border and
often two white dashes on the disk.

A, Tibiz black.
b. Thoracic border sinuate or interrupted. Discal marks absent, or

nearly so.

Basal elytral spots large, usually connected so as to form a
transverse band. Length, .25-.27 in... 5-s¢gnata, Kirby.
Basalelytralspotssmall or wanting,.28- 30in. Zeconte?,Muls.
bb. Thoracic border nearly uniform, disk with two white dashes.
Flytral spots small, never united, .18—.20 in...convergens,Guer,

AA. Tibiz pale.
Thorax with quadrate yellow spot at middle of base,
eT O,2O" TDs. ale esc ocak acer aM woth’ os woe parenthesis, Say.
Thorax without spot at base, .20-.24 in....z3-punctata, Linn.

Fig. 38 isa diagram of ippodamia 5-signata; Fig. 39—A the larva, B
the pupa, and C the imago of HZ convergens ; Fig. 40 . parenthesis ; Fig.
41 Hf. 13-punctata.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301

Fig. 38. Fig. 39. Fig. 40.

CoccInELLA, Linn.

A number of species of very convex form constitute this genus ; they
vary, as do those of Hippodamia, in the extent of the black markings, but
may be separated thus :—

A. Elytra red, immaculate. White margin of thorax with three
branches...... ate sed sideiates hg Aates len pb ev argew ae Se sie sanguinea, Linn.
AA. Elytra reddish or yellowish with black markings.
b. Thorax with anterior margin white.

Elytra with three black transverse fascia, sometimes reduced

or partially divided, .22 iN....sse0e + veeeeee Lrfasciata, Linn.

Elytra with 2 common scutellar, and each with four other

spots, black, the two anterior smaller, .26-.30.9-motata, Hbst.
bb. Thorax with anterior angles only white.

c. Elytra strongly punctulate, shining; thorax with anterior
angles triangularly white. Elytra each with a triangular
subapical black spot and a common black sub-basal
fascia tridentate anteriorly, .19 IN........+.. tricuspis, Kby.

cc. Elytra alutaceous, obsoletely punctulate. Thorax with a

quadrate white spot on the anterior angles above.

Anterior thoracic angles only narrowly white beneath.

Sub-basal spots of elytra usually united into a com-

mon fascia, .28-.30 in. ......¢ransversoguttata, Fabr.

Anterior thoracic angles as broadly white beneath as

above. Elytra without sub-basal band, usually

with an oblique medial fascia, a scutellar spot and

asubapical spot on each, .28-.30 in....montico/a, Muls.

Of the above species, C. ¢ricuspis is unknown to me in nature.

Figures are given of C. sanguinea, Fig. 42; C. trifasciata, Fig. 43; C.

g-notata, Fig. 44, and its larva, Fig. 45, and pupa, Fig. 36; C. trans-
versoguttata, Fig. 46 ; and C. monticola, Fig. 47.

302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

ADALTIA, Muls.

Two species are found in the Canadian lists ; they are similar in out-
line to Coccinella, but less convex. Being very variable in colour, they
are likely to make trouble, but may be separated thus :—

Elytra uniform yellowish red or with transverse fasciz of small black

spots in varying number, .18 in..............200 seseeeee- f7Igida, Schn.
Elytra yellowish-red with a rather large discoidal black spot,
OU cea beseech eae ed EE en nc vpn a OA aes bipunctata, Linn.
Elytra black, humeral angles, or entire basal region, and a smaller
POSE MEAN SPOl KEG. c0d.5 des ..|.. 0 olaeeeeeare. var. humeralts, Say.

Harmonia, Muls.

The species of Harmonia are very troublesome to define by descrip-
tion, but are comparatively easily recognized after a short acquaintance.
Hf. 12-maculata is easily known by its convex form and
resemblance in coloration to Megilla maculata, while the
oblong-oval form and peculiar markings (see Fig. 48) of
ff, picta render the more typical specimens easily known.
Hf. r4-guttata, while of somewhat the same form as 27-
maculata, may be easily separated from it by the dark
ground colour with lighter markings. The differences may
be stated, then, as follows :—

u

Fig. 48.

Elytra testaceous or pinkish, with large black spots ; one common
scutellar, one common at about three-fourths, and, on each elytron,
one humeral, two medial, one post-medial, and one triangular
apical. Thorax with two very large black spots. Form hemi-

spherical, .22 10 ose. 5 shia me RRM pis sirhasiscd 0 a 12-maculata, Gebl.
Elytra light red with pale NM or black with red spots, normally
seven on each, but sometimes reduced to two. Punctuation un-

equal. Thorax with front and hind margins Bie often also with a
medial line and spot near the hind angles, .23 in... 74-guttata, Linn.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 303

Elytra entirely pale or with a longitudinal line, and a spot on each
side (the spot often confluent with the line) dark or black. Pro-
thorax pale, with black spots often coalescing into an M-shaped
mark, with a dot on each side, or varying infinitely in size and
shape. Form oblong-oval, less convex, .17 in.......... picta, Rand.

Mysia, Muls.

M. pullata, Say. Oval, convex, head black with two yellow frontal
spots, thorax black with narrow whitish front margin, sides broadly white
and enclosing a black spot. Elytra reddish, sometimes with an irregular
blackish dorsal vitta. Legs usually black,.28 in. Larger than Coccin-
ella sanguinea, which it recalls at first sight, and with the thorax differ-
ently marked.

Anatrs, Muls.

Two species are recorded from Canada, differing thus :—

Elytra very distinctly punctured; thorax yellowish white, with a
heavy, more or less M-shaped discoidal black mark, and a black
marginal spot near the hind angles. The elytra are usually
yellowish with black spots, arranged in three transverse rows,
though occasionally specimens are found in which the elytra are
brown or nearly black. Legs wholly or in part yellow, .30-.38 in.
(Fig. 15-punctata, Oliv.

Fig. 49.

Elytra quite smooth, with oblong piceous spots, variable in form and
extent, so that nearly the entire disk may become piceous, enclos-
ing small yellow stripes or blotches.............060: subvittata, Muls.

The former is our largest Coccinellid, and is easily recognized. The

latter I am unacquainted with, and owe the characters on which the
separation is made to the kindness of Dr. Horn.

PsyLLopora, Chevr.
A small, yellowish-white species (P. 20-macudata, Say.), only .08 to .10
in. in length, with numerous black spots ; cannot be mistaken for anything

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST.

else, since it is the only black-spotted Coccinellid of such small size and
hemispherical shape in the Canadian fauna.

CHILOcoRUs, Leach.

C. bivulneratus, Muls., is the only Canadian ,
species. It isa rounded, very convex species, with
a very short thorax and wide margins to the elytra,
which are black, with a red discoidal spot. The
abdomen is red. Length, .20 in. Fig. 50, imago ;
Fig. 51, larva.

Fig. 50. Fig. 51.

BRACHYACANTHA, Dej.

One species comes from our region, B. wrsima, Fabr., a rather small,
oval convex insect (my specimens varying from .og to .16 in. in length),
black above, head yellow, the thorax with front margin yellow in the male.
The elytra are black, with five yellow spots, one humeral, one basal, two
medial and one sub-apical. The variety zo-pustu/ata, Melsh, includes
the small specimens in which the head is often black, with an orange spot

on the vertex.
HyPERASPIS, Chevr.

Resembles Brachyacantha in form, but differs in having no spine on
the anterior tibiz. ‘The ornamentation in the Canadian species is also
usually less profuse.

A. Elytra black, with marginal spots or lateral stripe and a discoidal
spot before the middle yellow. Sides of prothorax (in ¢ the front
margin and head also) yellow, .o8—.10 IM... ......+4. undulata, Say.

AA. Elytra black, without series of lateral spots or stripes.

b. Prothorax black (@), with sides and front margin pale ( 3).
Elytra black, each with a rounded red spot at about the
middle, and sometimes another small one near the tip,
JOR 1 Onli Lees cane ab vs 60's Siew astaen ead tenuate signata, Oliv.
bb. Prothorax with lateral spot or margin pale in both sexes, ¢
with head pale.

Elytra each with a round spot at tae and two small ones
(sometimes wanting) one-fifth from the tip, sides of pro-
thorax yellow ; ¢ with front mies and head also yellow,

.o8-.12 in, sae ceed .. proba, Say.
Rlytra each with a ae ae ier near te ‘ae Sara with a

large lateral spot, .1t-.12 in...............d¢geminata, Rand.

ae. 32 - Fig. 52 represents “7. undulata.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLUGIST. 305

CoccipuLa, Kug.

A single species is known, C. /epida, Lec., about .12 in. in length,
pubescent, and of rather elongate form. My specimens are yellowish
above, the head black, except at sides. Elytra with a broad black com-
mon sutural stripe, dilated at apex and extending three-fourths to tip. At
base this stripe is also dilated, and extends across to the sides, where it
becomes confluent with a broad, black lateral vitta, which runs beyond
the middle. Beneath, mostly black, the legs, sides of prothorax and four
terminal abdominal segments yellow. Antenn longer than usual, yellow.

The remaining Provinces of Canada, after excluding Ontario and
Quebec, seem to have furnished comparatively few additional species of
Coccinellide ; the few published records that I am able to find.
(excepting Scymuz) are appended.

Ceratomegilla ulkei, Cr. Hudson’s Bay. ‘‘ Oval, subopaque, an-
tenn and tarsi ochreous ; head with a white spot in front of each eye,
thorax bordered with ochreous on the sides, anterior angles broadly
ochreous, and a very minute line in the middle of the anterior margin
also ochreous ; elytra rather closely punctate, a triangular spot on the
base, the external margin irregularly, and an elongate common. sutural
spot near the apex fulvous. L., .22 in.” Unknown to me.

Adonia constel/ata, Laich. Nova Scotia. ‘‘ Black, tibia, antennz and
entire front of head pale; thorax with a narrow border, abbreviated
medial line connected with the anterior margin, and a round dot on either
side, white. Elytra with a scutellar spot, and six others (as in Aipfo-
damia) variously united or absent.” L, 1g in.

Eriopsis connexa, Germ. Vancouver. ‘“ Oblong, black ; thorax with
the sides and a spot on the front and hind margins yellow. Elytra with
the base, margin and two dorsal spots yellow ; the marginal line is dilated
in five places, one basal, one subhumeral, one medial, one at three-
fourths and one sub-apical. L., .22 in.”

Hippodamia moesta, Lec. Victoria, Van. Isl. (var. of Lecontei).
Elytra entirely black, with a small basa] dot near the scutellum and a
triangular marginal subapical spot, yellow. L., .29 in.

306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

H. falcigera, Cr. Slave Lake, Hudson’s Bay. Black, head witha
small! yellow frontal spot ; thorax without discal marks, with a narrow
uniform yellow border. Elytra yellow, with the suture black (narrowing
out before the apex), and each with a black, equally broad vitta, suddenly
incurved before the apex. L., .22 in. pitas

Hi. americana, Cr. Hudson’s Bay. Tibie pale, metepimera black,
thoracic margin narrow in front, broader and emarginate at sides, sutural
vitta suddenly dilated at one-third. L., .20 in.

_. Coccinella transversalis, Muls. Victoria, Van, Isl: A variety of C..
transversoguttata, in which the basal band is divided, or only the
scutellar spot left. It, therefore, resembles, superficially, C. smonticola,
from which it may be separated by the thoracic spot, as shown in the
preceding table.

Anatis Rathvoni, Lec. Nanaimo, Van. Isl. (Holland). May be
known from A. 75-punctata by the black meso-and metepimera.

Psyllobora tedata, Lec. Victoria, Nanaimo, Van. Island. Smaller
than P. 20-maculata, spots mostly brown, sub-confluent, punctuation
fainter. .

The more essential bibliography of this family is not extensive, but in
part very difficult to procure. The following are the principal titles :—

1850. Mulsant. Species des Coleopteres trimeres’ securipalpes.
Ann. Soc. d’Agric., Lyon, Ser. IJ., 1850. Supplement Ann. Soc. Linn.,
Lyon, Ser. III., 1853. Additions et rectifications, l. c., Ser. IL., 1856.

1852. Le Conte. Remarks upon the Coccinellide of the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., Vol. VI. j,

1873. Crotch. Revision of the Coccinellidz of the United States.
Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., IV.

1880. Le Conte. Short studies of North American Coleoptera. Trans.
Am. Ento. Soc., VIII. (p. 186, Hyperaspis).

PHILAMPELUS ACHEMON.

While collecting on the 29th of last June, at .an electric light
on the outskirts of Toronto, in company with Mr. H. R. Hayter, he
captured a 2 specimen of Philampelus achemon, Drury. The insect
had lost one antenna, but was otherwise in perfect condition. I have
not heard of any other capture of this insect near Toronto.

G. M. Stewart, Toronto.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 307

ON THE LARV OF TWO SPECIES OF ARACHNIS.
BY HARRISON G. DYAR, NEW YORK.

The larve of two species of Arachnis, from Mexico, were given to
me by Mr. Jacob Doll. They are the following :—
Arachnis aulea, Geyer.

figg.—Shape of two-thirds of a sphere, with flat base. Shining,
pearly, iridescent.. Diameter,.6 mm. The reticulations are rounded,
moderately distinct, of quite uniform size, but smaller at apex. On the
angles of the reticulations a series of short, stiff spines (%4inch objective).

first stage.—Head bilobed, the lobes full, rounded ; clypeus large,
mouth projecting. Colour shining, blackish, ocelli black, mouth brown ;
width, .3 mm. Body, pale whitish-brown, shading into a milky colour
dorsally. Warts small, black, hairs single from i. and ii. on joints 5-12,
several from a wart on the others, pointed and very minutely spinulose.
Cervical shield, thoracic feet and the abdominal ones outwardly, black.

Second stage-—Hairs more numerous, several from each wart, black,
bristly. Width of head, .4 mm., colour shiaing black. Body pale choco-
late-brown, with a diffuse darker sub-dorsal band, and very faint narrow,
pale dorsal line. Warts black.

Third stage.—Head shining black ; width, .6 mm. Body dark black-
ish-brown, with a flesh-coloured, narrow, dorsal line. Warts black ; hairs
of different lengths, stiff, more abundant at the extremities than centrally,
with a few long. white ones anteriorly. Slight white lines above warts iil.
and iv.

Fourth stage.—Dorsal space on joints 6-10 marked with brick-red
around wart i.; dorsal line very narrow, pale ; lateral white lines obscure.
Hair on joints 2-5 and 11-12, more abundant and longer than centrally ;
black, the subventral hairs white. Width of head, .g mm.

Fifth stage.—Head rather square, black ; width, 1.2 mm.- Body all
black, with a narrow red dorsal line. Warts and thoracic feet shining.
Hair black at ends, foxy-red centrally, the long anterior and posterior
hair and most of the subventral ones pale, nearly white.

Sixth, stage—Head as before; width, 1.9 mm. Body black, im-
maculate, the warts shining ;, abdominal feet light reddish. Hair bristly,
pointed, foxy-red, mixed with black, with a few long and pale ; subven-
trai hair indistinctly paler than the rest, Spiracles small, white,

308 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Seventh stage.-—Head black, reddish at vertex ; width, 2.5 mm. Body
as before, but the central lateral warts are brownish. Subventral hair
scarcely paler. ;

Lighth stage.—Black, the warts brown ; hair largely black, but : still
partly foxy-red. Abdominal feet dull crimson ; spiracles reddish. Width
of head, 3.4 mm.

Ninth stage.—Hair all black, body sooty black, warts light-brown,
spiracles white. Thoracic feet black, abdominal ones dull crimson.
Head black, labrum and antenne pale; width, 4.5 mm. When full fed
the larva hybernated until the folllowing June. It then spun a large
transparent double cocoon of soft silk, mixed with a few hairs, and the
moth emerged in July.

Arachnis suffusa, Schaus.

_ Egg.—Nearly spherical, but with flattened base, somewhat conoidal;
diameter, .6 mm. Colour fleshy yellowish with a pearly-bluish lustre.
Magnified 50 diameters the surface is covered with large shallow pits with
ill-defined edges, not sharp enough to form reticulations.

x * * * *

Second (?) stage.—Head very pale yellowish, shining; the cluster of
large ocelli black, mouth brown, a blackish shade at vertex ; width, .6
mm. Warts quite large, but concolorous and inconspicuous, the hair
bearing tubercles only black. Colour pale greenish-yellow, with a faint
white dorsal line. Cervical shield small, lens-shaped, brownish. Warts
ii. and iii. on joints 3, 4 and 12 tinged with dark orange. Hair fine, not
abundant, brownish.

Third stage.—As before; width of head, 1 mm. _ Traces of a black
subdorsal line. Hair more abundant, mostly short, white, but mixed
with a few very long hairs, some of which are black. Feet colourless.

Fourth stage.—Head bilobed, brownish-yellow, ocelli black, mouth
brownish, jaws black ; width, 1.45 mm. Body rather sordid green, the
thoracic segments, and an area around wart iii. on joint 12, shaded with
orange ; feet and venter whitish. A narrow, defined, white dorsal, lateral
and substigmatal line, the lateral shaded above and below with black
dottings, and enclosing the-warts of row iii. Warts large, concolorous,
the hair granules black. Hair long, stiff and ‘straight, but fine, spinulose,
white and black intermixed. Some hairs 8 mm. long. Length of larva,
15 mm. _ Line of trachez evident.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 309

Fifth stage.—Head concealed beneath the hair of joint 2, pale brown-
ish; width, 2.2 mm, Dorsal space whitish-gray, dorsal line white,
narrow ; lateral space dark greenish-gray, pale at the extremities ; sub-
ventral space greenish with sordid white subventral line. Warts large,
pale, the hair granules black, row iv. slightly orange, distinctly so
anteriorly and posteriorly, especially on joint 12. | Hair long, bristly but
fine, abundant, black and white.

Sixth stage—Head partly retracted below joint 2, its suture well-
marked; orange-ochraceous, labrum and bases of antenhx yellow;
width, 3 mm. Body gray, punctured and wrinkled with intermixed
mottlings of fine white streaks and minute black dots. A poorly defined
white dorsal line containing minute black dots ; subdorsal line obsolete,
but its location marks a boundary, where the colour becomes darker
gray laterally. Warts i.-iill, pearly gray, like the body, wart iv.,
orange. A bright yellow, broad substigmatal line ; wart v., slightly
Orange ; vi., whitish with yellow bases. Thoracic feet coloured like the
head, abdominal ones slightly orange-tinted. Hair dense, of quite even
length, pointed, bristly, heavily spinulated, black and white about evenly
mixed, though there is considerable variation in this respect in different
larvee, some having the hair nearly all black. From the thoracic seg-
ments and joints 12-13, a few white hairs of great length (15-17 mm.).

eneral appearance neat, silvery-gray. When full fed, the larve spun
slight cocoons and hybernated in them. Changed to pupz the following
spring, and the moths emerged in June.

SHALL WE USE THE NAME EUDRYAS?
BY A. R. GROTE, A. M., BREMEN, GERMANY.

So far as I have present references Berg is the first to use again the
term Euthisanotia for Hudryas unio and allies in his paper on Argentine
moths. Berg’s species is, however, as I have shown, not congeneric with
unio, but belongs to my genus Copfidryas. More recently Neumoegen &
Dyar use Euthisanotia and cite Boisduval’s Eudryas asasynonym. The
facts appear to be these. Hiibner, in his Zutraege, 3rd Hundred (N. &
D. call it ** Vol. III.”), p. 12, No. 216, fig. 431-2, describes and illus-
trates Huthisanotia unio for the first time. He calls ita Noctua. Inthe

310 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

same Hundred (1825), a few pages further on, 39, No. 295, he describes
Cramer’s ¢imais and refers it as congeneric with unio. His genus
Luthisanotia thus comprises wnzio and ftimais. Timats was almost
certainly autoptically unknown to Hiibner when he wrote the Verzeichniss ;
he figures it in the Zutraege on account of Cramer’s defective figure
(unrichtiges Bild). In the Verzeichniss Hubner refers ¢imais to Xan-
thopastis, and this course leads Berg to suggest that this latter term should
be used for ¢zmazs. Evidently in the Zutraege Hubner, corrects this
reference, and, in effect, Xauthopastis is really a synonym of Poza, Hubn.
The European species of Podi« show, yellow dottings (favicincta), and
hence Hubner’s generic name. Cramer’s figure of ¢zmazs shows the
yellow dottings of this species. Hubner lays his greatest stress on
markings and colour, and so, in the Verzeichniss, Cramer’s species is
catalogued with the European ‘‘ Po/ie.” Boisduval, in 1836, found thus
two species of Euthisanotia, 1825. He took. uzio of the two generically.
dissonant species as the type of his new genus Zudryas. Was he free to
do so? Does the fact that. Hubner figures first (p. 12) w#zo, and then
(p. 39) ¢émais, make unio the type of Luthisanotia? Or, is Euthisanotia,
1825,-a mixed genus ? |
The rule, as I understand it, with regard to mixed genera, is that the
succeeding authority may take any of the species as the type. of the new
genus, unless the original type is actually designated. This: is not the |
case with Hubner’s genera, except by inference: in the Tentamen, where
only one species is given, which is, of course, the type. . This makes the
Tentamen so valuable. It is now generally known that Ochsenheimer
and Treitschke’s genera are only catalogue names, and catalogue names
for such mixed assemblages that the ‘‘type” is difficult to decide. But
the Tentamen often gives us the key, by showing us the species for which
such names as Agrotis, Apatela, Polia, etc., were originally intended.
It is an error to assume that the first species in any of the Verzeichniss
genera is the type. In seeking for the type, the student must study all
subsequent authorities to find out all restrictions of the original term.
Such restrictions of the original generic title for a mixed genus have the
force of priority and. must be respected: A short and easy way is to refer
to the origina! and take the first species as the type of a mixed genus,
but this is a rough and insecure method. Inmy Buffalo List I have given
some results of my. studies as to a few of the older Noctuid, genera, and
these results, where my facts cannot be disputed, must be respected,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. = bd I

The question as to Hudryas is rendered difficult by Hubner’s separ-
ation of the species by several pages, but virtually it seems to me we have
to do with a mixed genus. For the use of Zudryas for the type uno, we
have, then, Boisduval, Harris, Packard, Walker and myself. _ For the use
of Euthisanotia for.timais, we have the British Museum Catalogue and

my own writings.

Upon a related point, I would say that it is now held generally by
European classificators that a change in a new specific or generic title
itself or its limitation by an author in the same work or book, or, if a
serial, in the same series of papers, or year or volume, must be
respected. This would cover Guenée’s changes of specific names in the
Species Genéral. We must therefore write Orthodes enervis, Catocala
viduata, etc. To this extent at least authors may correct their original
publication. There will be no valid objection then to the latter name
Orthosia euroa, G.& R. This reading would inferentially show that
Hubner’s reference of ¢imazs to Euthisanotia is sufficiently valid for its
use as the type of the genus under Boisduval’s restrictive action in 1836.
We may therefore continue, I think, to use Hudryas for unio and con-
generic species.

The question, I have admitted, is a difficult one, and the view I here
take of it may be thought not entirely uninfluenced by my respect for the
nomenclature of Harris’s Insects Injurious to Vegetation. Itis true I am
unwilling to lose Zudryas from our lists ; but, if the case was quite clear,
I should not be free to object. I desire also to show that questions as to
generic types are not always easy to solve ; trey demand some thought,
some study beyond the mere reference to a page in some book. In the
present case Hubner’s prior reference of ¢/mazs to Xanthopastis,V erzeich-
niss, 1818, adds to the difficulty. I think it not uninteresting to have
followed Hubner’s action with regard to ¢imais. Evidently the yellow
dots im Cramer’s figure led him to believe he had to do with a foreign
species of Polia. Afterwards, when he recognized Cramer’s species in
nature, he was evidently disappointed, and wished to correct the generic
position of the moth. And, in his new reference, he is equally out of the
way ; perhaps, indeed, his second mistake is greater than the first. Here
again it is the gay colours cf ¢¢mais that make him ‘associate it with wzzo.
Both are odd-looking moths, having a differing, while equally strange
beauty. The notion that in wzzo and allies we have to do with aberrant

ole THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

noctuids’ is not confined to Hubner. The form, the discal spots on
primaries, the simple antenne make the view plausible, so that, not so
long ago, Moeschler is of this opinion. I may remark that I have never
seen so pale a specimen of ¢/mazs as that figured by Hubner. The pretty
pink of the Spanish moth (which comes up tous in the Middle States from
the South, blown against our light houses along the coast) has all faded
out on Hubner’s plate. Are there two species as suspected by Gueneé
from alcoholic larve? My first specimen of ¢zmazs was given to me by
my old friend, Mr. W. H. Edwards, and I fell a victim to its attractions
to the extent of redescribing it. IfI had then conceived my theory of the
migration of moths during the summer, following the gulf stream and the
prevalent direction of the wind, from south to north, I should not have
made my mistake. While Dr. Thaxter shows that ¢zmazs breeds in
Florida, it is still a tropical Gortynid form and contrasts with the rest of
our North American Noctuide, which generally favour the European type.

NOTES ON SOME SOUTH-WESTERN HEMIPTERA.
BY C. H. TYLER TOWNSEND, LAS CRUCES, NEW MEXICO.

In the Canapian ENTOMOLOGIST, 1892, pp. 193-197, the writer pub-
lished some notes on New Mexico Heteroptera and Homoptera. The
notes on the fifty-three species in the present paper are additional and
complete the list, so far as the names can be obtained, of all the Hemip-
tera collected by the writer in New Mexico and Arizona.

In seven cases there are no localities attached to the species. This
is because the numbers of those species were returned to me in such
confusion by Dr. Skinner that they can not be connected with the data
referring to them.

It should be mentioned that the Homoptera and Heteroptera are not
separated in the list, but are arranged together in alphabetical order.

Acanonia bivittata, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail.
July 8 and rr, 1892. Two. Det. Uhler.

Agalliastes sp.2—Soledad Canon, Oregon Mts., N. Mex. May 23,

1891. One. A small black capsid, with extremity of wing covers glassy.
Eyes red. Det. Uhler.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 813

Anasa tristis—lLas Cruces, N.-Mex. July and August. Very
numerous on college farm, causing death of squash plants. Also received
from Eddy, N. Mex.

Anasa Uhleri, Sial—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Often mistaken for the
squash bug, 4. ¢réstis. Det. Uhler.

Apiomerus spissipes, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Several. Det.
Uhler and Riley.

Brochymena annulata, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Several speci-
mens. Det. Riley.

Brochymena obscura, H. Schf.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 12. On
Prosopis juliflora, on mesa. One. Det. Uhler.

Bythoscopus pallidus, Fitch.—Det. Uhler.

Campylenchia curvata, Fab.—Det. Uhler.

Capsid (new to Nat. Mus. Coll.)—Continental Divide, Tenaja, N.
Mex. August 2, 1892. Two. Det. Riley.

Chelinidea vittigera, Uhler.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail.
July 10. One. Det. by comparison.

Crcadula, sp.—Eddy, N. Mex. Sept. 1, 1891. Received specimens
of this leaf-hopper from Mr. F. E. Downs, with report that they were
doing much injury to potato vines. It is a small species, much resem-
bling the vine Zyphdocyba, and is about 3% mm. long. Det. Riley.

Clastoptera delicata, Uhler.—Det. Uhler.

Compsocerocoris annulicornis, Proct.—Det. Uhler.

Conorhinus, sp.—Los Palomos, N. Mex. June 14, 1892. One. A
dark-brown reduviid. Det. Riley.

Corimelaena extensa, Uhl.—Cedar Ranch, Arizona. July 6, 1892.
Oa Nicotiana, sp. (See Psyche, 1893, Pp. 547-548.)

Coriscus ferus, L.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 9 to 28,1891. Many
swept from alfalfa. A small grayish reduviid-like species. Det. Uhler.

Corizus hyalinus, Fab.—G Bar Ranch, Zuni river, Arizona. | July 27,
1892. One. A Mysius-like heteropter. Det. Riley.

Cydnus (?) obliguus, Uhler.—Grant County, N. Mex., (W. J. Howard,
1882). Two. Det. Riley.

Darnis, sp.2—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Det. Uhler.

Diplodus luridus, Stal. Det. Uhler.

314 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Euschistus fissilis, Uhler var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8 to 12,
1891. ‘On alfalfa. Det. Uhler.

Euschistus servus, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail, part
way up towards the rim. July 8 and 12. Two. Det. Uhler. Las
Cruces, N. Mex. July 8, 1891. One on cabbage on college farm.
Reported to occur occasionally on cabbages. Det. Riley.

Gargaphia opacula, Uhler.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. July 16, 18or.
A single adult, with a large number of young, of this small grayish species
was taken on under side of leaves of very young egg plants. The plants
were badly infested with the young, and showed abundant evidence of
their work. Det. Uhler. This species was described by Mr. Uhler in his
report on the Heteroptera of the Death Valley Expedition, from one
specimen from the Argus Mts., California. Mr. Uhler examined the Las
Cruces (adult) specimen in 1892, before receiving the Death Valley
material, but did not venture to describe it at that time from the single
specimen.

Geocoris punctipes, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May g to 28, r8or.
On alfalfa. Some are almost black, but are determined by Mr. Uhler as
same. A pair zz coitu of lighter ones, May 28. Det. Uhler.

Hadronema, sp.—Cocanini Plateau, Arizona. Twelve miles north of
Cedar Ranch, on road to Grand Canon. July 6, 1892. Two beaten
from Atriplex canescens, with 1. militaris. This is a larger species than
the latter. Det. Riley.

Hadronema militaris, Uhl.—Cocanini Plateau, Arizona. Twelve
miles north of Cedar Ranch, on road to Grand Canon. July 6, 1892.
Several specimens beaten from Az¢riplex canescens. Det. Riley.

Harmostes propinguus, Stal.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Det. Uhler.

Harmostes reflexulus, Say var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 28, 1891,
One swept from alfalfa. A green reduviid-like species. Det. Uhler.

Lameria collaris, Uhler.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail.
July 8. One. A very small bluish species, with pale yellowish face and
sternum. Eyes black, wings bluish. Det. Uhler. :

Largus cinctus, H. Schf. var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Common.
Det. Uhler.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 315

Lioderma congrua, Uhi.—-Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8, 1891. Two
adults of this fine green species on alfalfa. July 16, 1891. One taken
on cabbage on college farm. Det. Uhler. On Nov. 13, 1892, there was
taken on Sa/ix longifolia in Alameda, a specimen very similar to this
species, but distinct. It may be Zhyanta custator, F., but is much
lighter green.

Lyctocoris campestris, Fab.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. (?). Number lost,
which makes the locality doubtful. Det. Riley.

Lygaeus bistriangularis, Say.—Chaves, N. Mex. August 6, 1892.
One. Det. Riley.

Lygaeus Kalmit, Stal.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Det. Uhler.

Lygaeus reclivatus, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. July 8, 1891. On
squash on college farm. Previously taken on various plants, mostly on
flowers of Aster spinosus. Belen, N. Mex. August 7,,1892. One.
Grant Co., N. Mex. (W. J. H.), One. Det. Riley.

Melanocoryphus facetus, Say.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8, 1891.
One on alfalfa. May 23, one on ground in Soledad Canon. May 24,
one on ground on plain to east of Organ Mts. Det: Uhler and Riley.

Membracid.—Cocanini Piateau, twelve miles north of Cedar Ranch,
Arizona. July 6. <A long-horned tree-hopper found in numbers on the
stems of Aidellia tagetina. They doubtless suck its juices.

Metapodius granulosus, Dallas.—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. Mex.
May 23 and 24, 1891. Three inside head, at bases of leaves of a century
plant (Agave), up a north side branch of the Canon. The Agave was
probably 4. Parryz. Det. Uhler.

Murgantia histrionica.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Numerous in July on
Chinese cabbages on college farm. Eggs and newly hatched young
observed July 16. it

Narnia femorata, Stal.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. July
1o. Three. Det. Uhler.

Narnia pallidicornis, Stal—lLas Cruces, N. Mex. One. A grayish-
brown bug resembling Leffog/ossus. Det. Riley.

316 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Nezara marginata, Beauv.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail.
July 11 to 12, 1892. A bright green pentatomid. Found in numbers
on the thin green pods of Cercis occidentalis, a round-leafed leguminous
tree. From 2,000 to 3,000 feet below the rim. They were found only
on this tree, and doubtless pierce the pods. Adults and nymphs. Det.
Uhler.

LVotonecta mexicana, Amyot.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail.
July 8 to rz. Common in the stream. Larvee and nymphs also taken.
Det. Uhler.

Oecleus decens, Stal Las Cruces, N. Mex. Aug. 19. One on stalk
of Helianthus annuus. Aug. 21, one on Xanthium leaf. Det. Uhler.

Ormenis pruinosa, Say.—Grand Canon, Arizona. Hance trail. July

8. One. A grayish-brown homopter. Det. Uhler.

Phymata Wolffit, Stal— Las Cruces, N. Mex. Common. Also Grand
Canon, Arizona. Hance trail, near rim, July 11 and 12. Det. Uhler.

Resthenia sp.?—Soledad Canon, Organ Mts., N. Mex. May 23,
1891. Four specimens on thistle, mostly on the flowers. A beautiful
black and deep red capsid. The antennz were missing, which made the
determination uncertain. Det. Uhler.

Salda interstitialis, Say.—Det. Uhler.

Scolops sp. >—Las Cruces, N. Mex. A long-horned tree hopper. On
herbage. Det. Uhler.

Spilatonius geniculatus, Stal.—Grant County, N. Mex. (W. J. H.).
One. A pale-coloured diplodid. Det. Riley.

Stiretrus anchorago, Fab. (Nymph).—Las Cruces, N. Mex. August
19, 1891. Several nymphs of this pentatomid taken on Helianthus
annuus. The nymph is jet black, with a large red spot. The larve are
almost wholly black. No adults. Det. Riley. .

Thyanta custator, Fab. and var.—Las Cruces, N. Mex. Nov. 13.
One. A light green pentatomid, with five very faint orange flecks on each
edge of abdomen. Det. Riley.—Var. Las Cruces, N. Mex. May 8, 1891.
One on alfalfa. Wholly of a clear light green. Det. Uhler.

CORRIGENDA.
Page 251, line 21 from top, for “‘ Limer,” read, Zimm.
Page 254, line 25 from top, ‘“‘One of the types of this species,” should
precede, “ 4. fumatus,” etc., as it refers to B. punctatissimus.
Page 256, line 16 from top, for ‘ (rods),” read, pods.
Page u« line 3 from bottom, for ‘‘ back,” read, bark.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ol7

NOTES ON NOVA SCOTIAN DRAGONFLIES.

BY PHILIP P. CALVERT, PHILADELPHIA, PA., AND WILLIAM SHERATON,
TORONTO.

(In 1889 and 1890, Mr. William Sheraton, of Wycliffe College, Toronto,
collected some Odonata at Pictou, Nova Scotia, for me. At the end of
the collecting season of 1889, he sent me a letter containing his field notes
on the specimens captured. These observations are so interesting, in my
opinion, that any publication in which they appear ought also to bear Mr.
Sheraton’s name as joint author. He has kindly acceded to my wish in
this respect, although modestly protesting that his part has ‘‘ been only
such as any child could have done.” All notes in the present paper
concerning localities, habits and dates are to be credited to Mr. Sheraton,
while I am responsible for the determinations and the few bibliographical
notes. With the exception of Aeschna constricta, none of the species
mentioned below had been recorded from Nova Scotia previous to Mr.
Sheraton’s taking them, although I have since cited the locality, for some
of the species, in various papers—P. P. C.)

The dragonflies which I obtained in Pictou were, with few exceptions,
from three localities, (1) a small, shallow, weedy pond in an open field—
“ Simpson’s pond”; (2) a small, boggy brook, full of rushes, etc., in a
back pasture (marked on envelopes, ‘‘ Brook north of Priest’s Barn,” or
‘‘ Mr. Simpson’s back pasture”); (3) a much larger and deeper pond,
surrounded on every side but one with a thick second growth of spruce
(marked “ Pond on Back Road near the ‘ Boar’s Back”). Most of the
kinds I got were found in all three localities, but they all appeared to
have some preference in the matter.

Lestes unguiculata, Hagen. Pasture, Aug. 21, 1889.

Lestes uncata, Kirby (hamata, Selys, 1862.) June 19, 1889, common
about Simpson’s Pond and the boggy brook, and I think were also found
at the larger pond, although I have not recorded the capture of any
specimens there. July 23, 1889, the pasture ; also 1890.

Enallagma ebrium, Hagen. Exceedingly abundant from the begin-
ning (June rg, 1889) to the end of the season in the first locality, and
quite abundant also about the boggy brook, particularly in the earlier
part of the summer, and at points where it broadened into small pools
with more or less open water. They were also abundant at the larger
pond by the Boar’s Back (a great ridge of gravel, running for some miles

318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

through the country, and apparently the shore of a now vanished lake) on
the one occasion on which I was able to visit it, July 23.

Cordulegaster diastatops, Selys. One male, June 24, 1889, brook.

Aeschna constricta, Say. Two males, July 26, 1889; one female,
Sept. 2, 1889, may belong here or to the next species. First noticed
towards the end of June, and during the remainder of my stay in Pictou
was frequently seen everywhere, often far from water, but was difficult to
catch. Two of the specimens I sent you were captured in rather unusual
ways. One I knocked down with a stick, as I was walking along the
road one evening, and I picked him up before he succeeded in picking
himself up. The other alighted upon me one morning when I was
standing on a ladder untying a clothes line, in such a way that when I
lowered my arm (quite unconscious of its presence) it was held securely
between my arm and my side. This latter occurrence seemed to me
rather indicative of stupidity in the insect, other specimens of which I
have known to fly almost in my face when I was not endeavoring to
catch them. On the other hand they “dodged” the net with great skill,
and on one occasion having found two hovering over a brook, at which I
had seen them, when without a net, some hours before, having captured
one, I made an unsuccessful sweep at the second, which had flown away
a short distance on my scooping in the first, and then returned, when it
flew straight away from the brook and did not return, at least to that part,
although I waited for some time.

Aeschna clepsydra, Say. Three males, July 26, 1889. All my three
specimens were taken at the deep pond near the Boar’s Back, but I think
I have also seen them in other localities, and fying about the country
like the preceding species, from which it is, when on the wing, to me,
indistinguishable at a short distance. (Two of these males are cited in a
paper on this species in Aut. Mews, Vol. V., p. II.)

Somatochlora Walshit, Scudder. One female, July 23, 1889. I
found one female laying her eggs in a little bit of open water, so surrounded
and overarched by rushes that her movements were much restricted.
(This female, which still remains the only known individual of its sex, has
been described by the first of the two authors of the present paper in
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xvii., p. 33, 1890, with a supplementary note in
Ent. News, iii., p. 23, 1892.)

Libellula quadrimaculata, Linné. One female, July 24, pasture ; two
males, one female, July 26, 1889, Abundant in all three localities, but

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319

about the shallow pond I never succeeded in catching a single specimen.
They “dodged” every time. I captured one which had alighted on a
stump near the boggy brook, but as I was taking it out of the net it
grabbed my finger savagely, whereat I was so taken aback that I let him
slip from my fingers, when he, of course, lost no time in “ making himself
scarce.” After this I made many vain attempts to capture specimens of
this kind, but got none. On visiting the pond near the Boar’s Back,
however, I succeeded in capturing three, stealing up and sweeping them
in suddenly when they were close under the steep bank at one side of the
pond. Five males, one female, 1890—pond half a mile east of Boar’s
Back, July 12.

Leucorhinia proxima, Calvert. Two males, July 26, 1889. I saw
none, to my knowledge, away from the pond by the Boar’s Back, where
the two specimens I’sent you where taken. (These were two of the
types of the original description of this species in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.,
Xvil., p. 38, 1890.) One male, 1890.

Leucorhinia hudsonica, Seiys. One male, one female, June 25, 1889 ;
I never saw any but the two specimens I sent you, which were taken in
locality No. 2. (These two were the types of what was too hastily
baptized Leucorhinia Hageni, n., sp., with the first of us as sponsor, in
Trans.\ Am. Ent. Soc., xvii., p. 36, Jan., 1890, and as promptly buried in
Ent. News, i., p. 73, May, 1890. If there were any hopes of a revivifi-
cation, it is only necessary to add that in July, 1890, on the occasion of a
visit to Cambridge, Dr. Hagen and myself compared this couple with
types of LZ. hudsonica in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and satisfied
ourselves that they were specifically identical.)

Leucorhinia intacta, Hagen. Six males, July 12, 1890—pond half a
mile east of Boar’s Back.

Diplax rubicundula, Say. June 25, July 24, Aug. 21, 1889.

Diplax obtrusa, Hagen. July 24, 1889.

(Mr. Sheraton’s notes refer to these two very similar species together. )
No. 7 (specimens of D. rudicundula taken June 25) was abundant in all
three of the places in which most of my collecting was done, but especially
so about the boggy brook, where I first saw it. They were easily caught.
They had a curious habit of rising suddenly from the weeds about the
brook, flying along a short distance not far off the ground, and then
alighting upon it like a locust. The likeness to the latter insect in so
doing was much increased by their size, colour, and by their flight, which

320 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

was slow and unsteady fora dragonfly. (The colours of the specimens
taken June 25 are pale, indicating recent transformation, a condition
which explains the peculiarities of the flight).

Kind No. 10 (older individuals of D. rudicundula and D.: obtrusa)
did not appear until late in July, but speedily became very abundant, and
during the last part of the summer was by all odds the most common
species, even outnumbering the little EZvallagma ebrium at Simpson’s
Pond. The back of the abdomen of this species in life was of a brilliant
red.

It may be well to add, by way of postcript, that the species of Odonata,
other than those named above, which have been recorded from Nova
Scotia are, with the original place of record :—

Lestes disguncta, Selys, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. (2), XIII, p. 303,
1862.

Gomphus parvulus, Selys, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg., XXIL., pt. 2, p. 56,
1854; in his Monog. Gomph., p. 158, 1858, the locality is given as based
on ‘fun male dans la collection du British Museum.”

Cordulegaster maculatus, Selys, Bull. Ac. Roy. Belg. (2), XLVL, p.
690, 1878 (Cape Breton):

Somatochlora elongata, Scudder. saturata, Hagen (no descr.), Syn.
Neur. N. A., p. 138, 1861, *‘Selys’ collection,” Selys, Bull. Ac. Belg. (2),
XXXI., p. 293, 1871, cites the Nova Scotian specimen as in the British
Museum. :

Somatochlora forcipata, Scudd. chalybea, Hagen (no descript.), Syn.
Neur. N. A., p. 138, 1861, ‘‘Selys’ collection ”.

Somatochlora tenebrosa, Say. tenebrica, Hag. (no descr.) Syn. Neur.
N. A., p. 138, 1861, “ Selys’ collection ”.

Tetragoneuria semiaguea, Burm. Hagen, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.,
SVT. op. Ob Pans... Selyse.

Cordulia Shurtleffi, Scud. bifurcata, Hagen (no descr.), Syn. Neur.
N. A., p. 137, 1861, ‘ Selys’ collection ”.

Leucorhinia glacialis, Hagen, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XVII., p. 234,
1890, (Cape Breton),

The precise localities are not given in these records quoted,

There is much reason to think that the Odonate fauna of Nova Scotia
embraces many more species than the twenty-two known at the present
‘time to inhabit the Province. .

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321

A STUDY OF THE GENUS MENISCUS.

BY G. C. DAVIS, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH.

Synopsis of species.*
Abdomen entirely black or with white margins of segments.
Femora rufous or honey yellow.
Antenne with yellowish annulus............sses00: sass Bethunet, Cr.
Antenne without yellowish annulus.
Areolet present.
Abdominal segments without white margins.
Pleuree more or less rufous, yellow spots before and
beneath tegule ........ NG sea eer et aber scutellaris, CR.
Pleurze black, a yellow spot before and beneath tegule
NAO .. superbus, PROV.
Pleurze lacie: Laehautt aoa ahaihior: or beneath tegulz
.. parva, CR.
Abaniennal: laeene Ramat with ane pulchtorii CK
Areolet wanting.

Mesothorax more cr less rufous......... ostentator, N. sp.
Mesothorax black and yellow...............mirabilis, CR.

Femora black, areolet present ..° 0... we ee ee se LOSSONE, Te, SB.

Abdomen rufous, black at base.

Areolet present, antennz without annulus.
Posterior femora black with yellow markings........e/egans, CR.
Posterior femora rufous. fries oe wp pie ss ta COMPLE, MYST,
Areolet wanting, antennze with ‘bite hs . Michiganensis, n. sp.
‘Abdomen black, banded with yellow at base of segments.......
.. Johnsonii, n. sp.
MENISCUS OSTENTATOR, DN. Sp.

@. Length, 75 mm.; ovipositor, 7 mm. Black, polished; with
orbital lines from occiput to middle of eyes in front, cheeks, clypeus,
mandibles except tip, palpi, gula, cuneiform lines on mesonotum, tegule,
spot in front, lines beneath extending irregularly back to posterior cox,
sides of scutellum, line on lower pleure between anterior and middle
cox, prosternum, anterior coxe, middle and posterior coxz except a
black dash above and large spot inside, all the trochanters except black

* Mentscus Ashmeadiz, PRov., and M. marginatus, PROV., belong to Pzmpla
annulipes.

322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

base, posterior tibiz except black annulus near base and black extremity,
and tips of the abdominal segments beyond the first, yellowish-white.
Remainder of legs fulvous, with a black spot at the base of all the femora
and an annulus near the tip of the posterior femora; tarsi dusky.
Antenne long, slender, black. Wings hyaline, without areolet. Meso-
sternum and meso-and metapleure rufous. Metanotum smooth, oval,
coarsely punctured, with one small circular transverse carina near the.
abdomen. First segment of the abdomen shining, 2 and 3 finely punc-
tured. g with the abdomen as inthe 2. The head is yellow except
the central part of the vertex and occiput, which are black. Pronotum
and a spot on the front edge of mesonotum, black ; remainder of meso-
notum rufous, with yellow markings as in the @; scutellum, pleure and
venter, yellowish-white. Antenne reddish-brown, with scape beneath
yellow. Legs same as in @ except more yellow.

Described from 3 2? @ andr ¢ taken at the Michigan Agricultural
College.

MENISCUS SLOsSONe, n. Sp.

@. Length, 12 mm.;-ovipositor, 8 mm. Black, with lemon-yellow
markings as follows: orbits, two more or less united Jongitudinal stripes
on the front, cheeks at base of mandibles, mouth except tip of mandibles,
tegule, minute spot beneath and dash in front, sometimes wanting, Von
scutellum, post-scutellum, central spot on metanotum, tips of abdominal
segments 1, 2 and 3, and sometimes base of the first. Legs yellow, with
all the coxee, and posterior legs with first joint of the trochanter, femora
except tip and base, tibize except base, and tarsi, black. Antenne black.
Apex of wings infumated; areolet large, petiolate. Thorax and head
coarsely and closely punctured, metanotum rough. Abdomen shining,
smooth.

Described from 3 @ specimens collected at the top of Mount Wash-
ington, N. H., by Mrs. Annie Trumbul! Slosson, to whom I take
pleasure in dedicating this species.

MENISCUS COMPTUS, 0. sp.

9. Length, 8 mm.; ovipositor,6mm. Black, with abdomen beyond
second segment rufous. Orbital lines nearly enclosing base of antenne,
face, except three short black dashes just beneath antennz, mouth, gula,
nearly all of prothorax, tegule, line beneath, long line in front confluent
with triangular spot on mesonotum, spot in front of scutellum, scutellum

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 323

except a small wedge in front, post-scutellum, a large irregular diagonal
spot on mesopleura, spot beneath posterior wing, circular spot just back
and above, semicircle around insertion of abdomen with a ray extending
forward from each coxa, and a third from the abdomen, base and apex
of the first two abdominal segments, 4 anterior coxe and trochanters,
stripe on posterior coxz above and second joint of posterior trochanter,
yellowish-white. Posterior cox and first joint of trochanter black ;
posterior tarsi dusky at tips; remainder of legs honey-yellow. Antenne
black, fulvous toward the tip. Wings hyaline, infumated at the apex ;
areolet small, petiolate. Entire thorax coarsely, but not closely, punc-
tured. Abdomen smooth, shining,

Described from 2 ? 9 collected at the Michigan Agricultural College.

Meniscus MICHIGANENSIS, ND. sp.

2. Length, 1o mm.; ovipositor,8 mm. Black, with yellow markings;
abdomen beyond second segment rufous. Broad orbital lines, entire
front, scape beneath, annulus on antenne, mouth except tips of mandibles,
gula, entire prothorax, tegule, line beneath, large triangular spot in front
confluent with a cuneiform line on mesonotum, extending back nearly to
the scutellum, venter except anterior part of mesosternum, with a con-
tinuation of the same on to the pleure, ending in a large hook beneath
the wings, metapleure and two lines above joining posteriorly, base, apex
and a large spot in the centre of the first abdominal segment, base and
apex of second segment, connected by a longitudinal line, lemon-yellow.
Posterior femora rufous ; 4 posterior trochanters black at base, and coxe
with black stripe above ; 2 hind coxe black inside ; extremity of posterior
tibiz, and basal joint of tarsi, except tip, black ; remainder of legs lemon-
yellow. Wings hyaline without areolet. Antenne brown, black above.
Thorax and face coarsely, but not closely, punctured. Abdomen smooth,
shining.

Described from 1 ¢ taken at the Michigan Agricultural College.

? MENISCUS JOHNSONII, n. sp.

?. Length, rr mm.; ovipositor, 1.5 mm. Black, with yellowish-
white markings, as follows: Entire head, except occiput, spot enclosing
ocelli and antenn, narrow central line beneath, reaching to clypeus, and
tips of mandibles ; prosternum ; mesothorax with two cuneiform lines on
margins of mesonotum, two stripes in front of scutellum, scutellum except
posterior part and spot in front, two spots beneath primary wings and

324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST

another in front of middle cox, posterior part of mesosternum ; meta-
thorax with a transverse row of 5 spots across the anterior part and 3
across the posterior part ; abdomen with first segment to spiracles and a
short line in centre beyond, broad band at base of second and third seg-
ments, narrower band at base of succeeding segments and entire venter.
Antenne wanting. Legs honey-yellow, except 4 anterior coxze beneath,
which are whitish, joints 3, 4 and 5 of middle tarsi, which are dusky, and’
apical] third of posterior tibiz and basal fourth of first tarsal joint, which
are black. Wings hyaline, somewhat infumated around the apical margin;
areolet wanting. Entire thorax punctured, metanotum rugose. Abdomen
somewhat clavate, smooth and polished.

Owing to the short ovipositor and shape of abdomen, this species
will probably belong to a new genus, and is only temporarily placed here.

Described from 1 specimen taken at Jamesburg, New Jersey, by Mr.
Chas. W. Johnson, to whom I take pleasure in dedicating this species, as
a slight token of thanks for the many valuable specimens of Ichneumonidz
sent me.

NEW SPECIES OF TENTHREDINIDA, WITH TABLES OF
THE SPECIES OF STRONGYLOGASTER AND
MONECTENUS.

BY ALEX. D. MACGILLIVRAY, ITHACA, N. Y.

The following descripfions are offered, preparatory to publishing a
list of the saw-flies of the Upper Cayuga Lake Fauna. The types are in
the Entomological Collection of Cornell University.

Ca.Liroa, Costa.

Caliroa Nortonia, n. sp. Body entirely black, head finely, densely
punctate, clypeus emarginate, antenne black, broad, of the same width
throughout, third segment one-third longer than fourth, fourth and fifth
subequal in length, sinus each side of the ocelli reaching the back of the
head, from each side of the lateral sinuses there is another sinus starts
off behind the posterior ocelli, crossing back of the median ocellus and
running down each side of this ocellus for a short distance, where it
becomes obsolete ; tegule and collar very narrowly dull white, thorax
and abdomen glossy black ; legs white, coxe, trochanters, basal half
anterior and basal two-thirds of middle and posterior femora black,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 320

posterior tibia with a band at apex, and posterior tarsus except base of
metatarsus, brown; wings hyaline, veins and stigma black, costa at
immediate base white, first submarginal cross-vein distinct. Length, 7 mm.

Habitat—McLean, N. Y. 1 ¢ 30th May, 1890.

This species is readily separated from ovdsoleta by the crossing sinus
on the front, the colour of the femora, and the larger size. The species
is dedicated to Mr. Edward Norton, the well-known student of American
Tenthredinide.

STRONGYLOGASTER, Dahlb.

1. Lanceolate cell with a cross-line. .

Lanceolate without a cross-line. ofa) SED IDE ae Cth iste stbaea cs Wks
2. Under wings with incomplete outer eos if complete, no
cross-vein in cell in front of lanceolate ay iy De Ae ECS
Under wings with complete outer cells, and with a cross-vein
in cell in front of lanceolate cell ...............pémguis, Nort.
pote EMR EMMCES LYN THAME PILE ek 2 i ara ot abet anos ahs ite oa Ste ngewe sd sts Cieeeat Bods
Peri Mile: WINOIw DIAG haat Sua Stat in ave blauerate ke aud 3 4 oR Aree:
eer TBC MIN RN Ped Ley eH ied PEM eel crn, of seca ain e Sy hnvie Ss sealy Cdcaem Wal mec AG
ARIbEINGs ale ak DASE tas shag ain Nae ww diaccld ida Aes CaRODICONE, DAN:
Rp ReEaCK KESEARECUUSI SS soem s pea «oa Stomp ec n tates Seanere Oe Se Mas
Head black. . MACE : : : re

6. Median We of ‘giesbihioeae: taee nitcaiad sath elite
Berea ace eet ON, oo GOR UAE Get a) a, kth ath SECON ...mellosus, Say.
Median lobe of mesothorax rufous..............terminalis, Say.

7. Eyes margined before and behind with black........ apicalis, Say.
, Eyes margined with white or rufous in part................ 8.

8. Eyes margined before and behind with white. .pad/dicornis, Nort.
Eyes margined behind with rufous, black in front. .rafocuZus, n. sp.
g. Lanceolate cell of posterior wings not attaining the margin, an

appendiciilate veimvatvapex . soi5'. sect. . ay so. « @ONOF MS, PIOV.
Lanceolate cell attaining the margin, not with an PARES

idte velnvat apex... 0040"... eae tet erie Nak fe RS PON oP

to. Eyes partly sed with ani ier ee fis Cress.

Eyes wholly margined with black. BA LCL SO Ie em ae

tr, All the coxe and trochanters white: whe AES oe

Some of the coxe and trochanters Bhack, or in eat beck Bhai 13.

B22 OCU BOM UNIT WEA ees tes enacted F.2d wicie x co 5, PAGLECOLES, ETOVs

CULE IMIG WME terres te tae on) Saye vs chin es FORIMUS;, POV.

35

ig.

21.

22.

23.

24.

2h:

26.

27.

28.

29.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Abdomen entirely black..

Abdomen transversely banded aioe nie aes or yellow..
. All the femora rufous....

The femora in part black......

SUM AAPENIDER DALE AL IASC, 2)-/acuscaspemaemia e925 5205 on eg

. Scutellum black.

Scutellum white. .. pi
Basal abdominal segment ialiy blaees

Basal abdominal segment not wholly ieee sage

Femora black at base......
Femora rufous. .

Coxz wholly black.

Coxze waxen-yellow at apex..

we OP ic Pray,
. .proximus, Prov.

@ 8) 9/8, \0 [eke e) "sakes

.. rubripes, Cress.
‘pba

..rufocinctus, Nort.
... tibialis, Cress.
.. rufescens, Nort.

Antenne entirely black...... 16.
. Tnorax reddish-yellow.......... ...unicus, Nort.
Thorax black.... ie hed %
. Abdomen wholly rufous. ..tacitus, Say.
Abdomen in part black. zee 18.
. Abdominal segments two to Pour vane ies Se 19.
Abdominal segments two to four in part black............. 24.
. Coxe wholly pale. . $203
Coxe entirely or in sate binee. 20.

. eee
22.

..annulosus, Nort.
..Juctuosus, Prov.
.. dmpressatus, Prov.

. .congulus, Nort.

Abdominal segments yellow at ae sacl ‘flack at apex
_.multicinctus, Nort.
Redd cntAel: Neeinents bles at Peicd ue vakow at apex, or with

only the two basal segments black...
Coxe wholly rufous.
Coxe in part black. .
Abdomen with the two saga Pencnis Bleek.

Abdomen with the two basal segments not wasoll Mice:

Legs waxen-yellow,

hem

SOK vinulains Prov.
26.

= BHs
tg
Bn Nort.

Femora in part black at pee ‘ mate with a nee of hairs at

apex. .

Abieeatnal eonseats aiely ened with ae

Rss: MacG.
. .politus, Prov.

Abdominal segments with the apical half testaceous or reddish-

yellow...

Coxze eae black.
Coxe pale at apex...

: 20)

..annulosus, Nort.

..aistans, Nort.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327

Strongylogaster rufoculus, n. sp. Head black, clypeus and labrum
white, labrum broadly rounded, a prominent rufous spot behind each eye,
antenne black, segments six to nine white, the third segment one-third
longer than the fifth, sinus at side of ocelli not reaching the back of the
head ; thorax black, the tegule rufous ; apex of the abdominal segments
slightly darker, basal plates black; legs rufous, cox black, posterior
cox slightly marked with yellow, anterior and middle trochanters black,
posterior yellow, femora and tibize rufous, posterior femora slightly
marked with black at apex, tarsi yellow ; wings slightly yellowish, veins
brown, costa at base of stigma yellow, apex of stigma brown, lanceolate
cell with an oblique cross-nervure, posterior wings with two middle cells,
outer cells incomplete. Length, 11 mm.

Habitat—Ithaca, N. Y. 3 2 9, June 5-10, 1890.

Strongylogaster primativus, MacG., should more properly be referred
to Tenthredopsis, having the cross-vein of the lanceolate cell perpendicular
or wanting, and the third and fourth segments of the antenne equal.

BIVENA,* gen. nov.

Wings with three marginal and four submarginal cells, the first
marginal cell receiving the two anterior submarginal cross-veins and the
second the third, the second and third submarginal cells each receiving a
recurrent nervure, lanceolate cell open at the shoulder, subcontracted at
middle with a cross-vein near the apex, subcosta wanting, posterior wings
with two middle cells, the cross-vein closing the apex of the anterior one
runs to the margin of the wing at about one-third the width of the cell,
thence follows around the margin of the wing to the vein forming the
posterior side of the cell; antennz nine-jointed, filiform, reaching to
about the base of the abdomen, the segments all of the same width, head
as wide as the thorax, very slightly dilated behind the eyes ; abdomen
about as long as the head and thorax, somewhat widened at middle,
ovipositor stout, of the usual type of Macrophya. Type, Bivena maria,
sp. nov.

A very interesting genus, belonging to the subfamily Tenthredine.
Easily separated from both the Lydiinze and Xyliinze by the absence of
subcosta, from the former by the nine-jointed antenne and from the latter
in not having the ovipositor greatly exserted and the basal segments of
the antenne dilated.

*Bis, twice ; vena, vein.

328 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Bivena maria, sp. nov. Head black, with white on the anterior
orbits, beneath the eyes, around the immediate base of the antenne, a
quadrangular spot between the antenne, the clypeus, and the labrum ;
antenne brownish-yellow, the third segment slightly longer than fourth,
fourth and fifth subequal, clypeus truncate, sinus each side of the ocelli,
reaching the posterior part of the head ; the tegul, collar narrowly, the
scutellum, cenchri, and apex of the basal plates, yellow ; abdomen rufous,
the basal half of the first segment and three apical segments, including
the ovipositor sheath, black ; legs yellow, the anterior and middle coxz
slightly at base, the posterior above and below, and the posterior tibia at
apex, black ; wings hyaline, veins brown, including the costa, stigma
black, lighter at apex and behind. Length, 8 mm.

Habitat—West Danby, N. Y. 1 9, 31 May, 1890.

MoNneECTENUuS, Dahlb.

1: Wings one scutellum black; antennz with thirteen segments
Sa AS Ge eet tae . fulvus, Nort.
Wings palinelss antenne sie more the cuiteen segments. 2:

2. Lateral fulvous line of abdomen interrupted on the three or
four basal segments ; antenne fifteen-jointed.. ..suffusus, Cress.

Lateral fulvous line continuous from the base of the abdomen.. 3.
3: Antenne: fourtben-jainted :4 8... ci asin» ie te mnelereps ress:
Antenne sixteen-jointed.................. ..sumiperinus, n. sp.

Monectenus juniperinus, n. sp. Fuivous, with the following parts
black : mandibles, antennz, a lunate mark, including the ocelli, its horns
reaching the antenne ; a broad dash on the lateral lobes, the scutellum,
in some cases only its apex, metathorax, basal plates, tergum and venter
except a lateral line, pectus, pleuree except a dark fulvous spot, coxe at
base, and tarsi at apex ; antennz decidedly serrate beneath, with sixteen
distinct segments; clypeus emarginate; wings hyaline, veins brown,
caudal half of cross-vein between first and second submarginal cells hya-
line, stigma brown, clearer at middle. Length, 8 mm.

Habitat—Ithaca, N. Y. Collected by Mr. R. L. Junghanns, a student
in the Entomological Department of Cornell University. Described
from four females, collected on Red Cedar ( Juniperus virginiana).

Mailed November 3rd.

The € anadiay Hontomologist

VOL. XXVI.

LONDON, DECEMBER, 1894. NO. Fe:

SOME PSYCHODIDZ FROM LONG ISLAND, N. Y.
: BY NATHAN BANKS, SEA CLIFF, N.Y. ®@

Thomas Say described one species of Psychoda from the United
States ; Walker described another from Hudson’s Bay ; and Dr. Williston,
in Entom. News, 1893, described a third species from New York. I have
noticed in the vicinity of Sea Cliff, N. Y., seven species, only one of
which I have identified as previously described. Most of the forms I
have collected are probably common elsewhere in the Eastern States and
in Canada.

All the forms known to me appear to be congeneric and belong to
Psychoda. ‘They have two veins between the forked veins, more or less
pointed wings, and the second longitudinal appears to arise beyond the
first basal cell. Pericoma, I should consider to consist of species with
rounded wings and the second longitudinal arising before the anterior
cross-vein. But Eaton, in his paper on the British species, has placed
other forms under it ; however, from his diffuse table it would be almost
impossible to obtain any idea of the characters of Pericoma. I think it
much better to use the terminology commonly used in Diptera rather
than adopt one taken from another order. The species from Long
Island are almost identical in venation, presenting 1o principal veins
ending in the margin. The small vein at base is the auxiliary vein. The
first longitudinal is simple, the second forked near middle of wing, the
third forked close to the base, the fourth forked near middle, the fifth
simple, and the sixth or anal consists of two branches. The two small
cells at base, I should call the first and second basal cells, each bounded
by the usual veins. All the veins are nearly straight, and at about equal
distances apart, and bear many hairs. There is a fringe all around the
wing, but longest on the posterior margin. The legs appear to be about
of the same length and shape in all the species. The antenne vary in
length, and in some species are thicker in the males than in the females.
The males have a superior and inferior pair of appendages, which consist
of two or three joints,

330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I desire to thank Mr. A. D. MacGillivray, for kindly acquainting me
with Mr. Eaton’s classification of the British species.

The species may be tabulated as follows :—

By DR PRAV ISN opus Sins Ge sveenespeeptcaatrs Sse xeles j5) vi 2s wean op ae ne eae
ane BACK ISD cs esesre sans Raees eames apd oink weeasipn os ov trolly faltomeu pease 4
cE | Black. dots at/tips ‘of some! vemnge.) 3220100. 5.54. Piece sees Sona alternata.
ING: CLOTS sen) as cheaters dex aee dabebosnes Pol eR iohtchden thops caveat te. he ah oan

4 | At least two millimeters long,......... ccsoe. cseceses bie aibia's'>)snyanl de CREP CDE
pipes thenstwe millimeters. $0 adi) pelt sdelcakercioeenexeaael minuta.
\ Black dots at tips of some veins.......... SARE sancsene AE in Aa superba.
si No black dots, wings without white hair except in fringe.... ........ 5
Llane: distinct median patches of erect black hair, thorax black, fringe
around apex whitish. ......... Bied dn tse soae ch odaecececinnen a MMMET ETE ie

. Wings evenly black, fringe not Rhitish. er PINES rer yr tre

{ Thorax white and with white papi ad ook udioe waievi fleas gavaey OSCDLOI
(“Thorax black and’with black. hair’. .......ccccoes isectens + abse FELETOR

Psychoda alternata, Say.

Body nearly white or slightly yellowish, with white and grayish hair ;
wings thinly clothed with gray hair, indistinctly showing a pale band at
middle and one near base ; spots of black hair at tips of veins 6, 8, and
ro, and usually at ends of 2, 3, and 4; the fringe of gray hair which on
posterior margin is three times as long as the width of acell. Legs pale
with white hairs. Antenne slender and short, not as long as breadth of
wing, quite thickly clothed with whorls of white hair ; wings moderately
narrow, acute at tip. The ¢ genitalia consist of two pairs of appendages ;
the inferior pair very slender, and as long as the diameter of the tip of
the body, approximate at base, gradually separating and then strongly
curving toward each other near tip, clothed beneath with long white hair ;
the superior pair quite wide apart at base, about half as long and less
slender than the inferior pair, but little curved and with only short hair.
The ventral plate of the ? is yellow, nearly twice as long as broad, with
an emargination behind as deep as the plate is broad, the rounded
branches slightly diverging ; the ovipositor scarcely twice as long as the
plate, slender and a little curved. Length of wing, 2. to 2.2 mm.

Common in July, on windows and on shrubbery near buildings ; Sea
Cit, ON: Y.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 331

Psychoda cinerea, nov. sp.

Thorax and abdomen with long gray hair, a tuft of black hair at base
of wing ; wings with gray hair and fringe, the latter on the posterior
margin nearly three times the width of a cell; legs pale with long, gray,
and short white hair, and black scales on the tarsi. Antenne slender, a
little longer than the wicth of the wing, base of joints blackish, each joint
with a whorl of white hairs; wings about as broad as in P. a/ternata,
acute at tip. The inferior pair of ¢ appendages is long, contracted in
the middle, swollen beyond, then growing slender and curving upwards,
clothed beneath with white hair; the superior pair much shorter and
curved downwards near tip, they are quite suddenly swollen near the
middle. Ventral plate of 2 as broad as long, slightly emarginate behind
and with short scales, the ovipositor quite prominent and slightly curved.
Length of wing, 2.1 to 2.8 mm.

Common on windows during June and July ; Sea Cliff, N. Y.

This species is readily distinguished from the preceding by its slightly
darker colour and by the uniform wings.

Psychoda nigra, nov. sp.

Black, with dark brown on the thorax and long black hair on the
abdomen, wings evenly and quite thickly covered with long black hair,
and with a black fringe, which on the posterior margin is about five times
as long as the width of acell; legs black, with very long black hair on
outside of the tibiz at base. Antenne slender and a trifle longer than the
widih of the wing, clothed with white and some black hair, giving them a
grayish appearance ; wings narrower than in P. a/ternata, and very acute
at tip, the posterior margin near tip being almost concave. The ventral
plate of the @ is blackish, not much longer than broad, broadest at base,
and barely emarginate at tip ; ovipositor more than twice as long as plate
and slightly curved. Length of wing, 2.1 mm.

One female, captured on a currant-bush at Sea Cliff, N. Y. Separated
from all the other species by its uniform black appearance.

Psychoda minuta, nov. sp.

Dark, with whitish hair on thorax and gray on abdomen ; wings thinly
clothed with gray hair and a gray fringe, which at the posterior margin is
about twice as long as the width of a cell; legs dark with whitish hair.
Antenne not quite as long as breadth of wing, black at base of joints, and

each joint in male with a dense whorl of white, appressed hair, which

332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

gives the antennez a very heavy and thick appearance ; in the female the
whorls are quite loose. Wings much broader than in the other species,
and more blunt at tip. The inferior pair of ¢ appendages are very long,
slender, and gradually tapering, strongly curved upward and nearly
black, with white hair beneath, the superior pair not half so long, tapering
and diverging. Cannot make out the structure of the ? ventral plate.
Length of wing, 1.6 mm.

Not uncommon on the bark of large trees in a damp woods, but
difficult to capture ; near Sea Cliff, N. Y.

Readily known by its small size, uniform gray colour and broad wings,
which, when at rest, are folded roof-like over the body.

Psychoda superba, nov. sp.

Black, the thorax clothed in the middle with black hair, and on the
sides with snow-white hair, in some cases it appears to be all white-
haired ; the abdomen with long, dense, black hair; the wings with
blackish hair and patches of erect white hair, the tips of the posterior
veins with a black dot and a white spot between them, some of the
anterior veins also usually tipped with a black dot ; most of the fringe on
the anterior margin is black, but near tip and on posterior margin, gray or
whitish, where it is four times as long as the width of acell; the legs are
black, with black hairs and scales and a few white scales at the tips of the
joints. The ¢ antenne are black, quite thick, shorter than the width of
wing, with short black and longer gray, appressed hair; in the @ the
antenne are more slender and more sparsely clothed. ‘There are a few
patches of white hair on the head. The wings are quite broad, but hardly
as acute at tip as in some species. The genitalia are not prominent,
being concealed by the long black hair of abdomen. The inferior
appendages of the ¢ are black, approximate, short and blunt ; they are
not much more than one-half as long as the diameter of the tip of the
body, and but little up-curved ; the superior pair are nearly as large,
stout, and tapering to a point ; they are wide apart at base, but curve
toward each other. The ventral plate of 9 is broad, yellow at tip, and
broadly notched, but the notch is but one-half as deep as wide ; the ovi-
positor is twice as long as plate and a little curved. Length of wing, 2.5
to 2.9 mm.

Common on the bark of large trees in woods. June. Sea Cliff, N. Y,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 333

There is some variation in the arrangement of the white patches on
thorax and wings ; the legs and antenne are wholly black, so I do not
think it can possibly be a form of P. S/ossone, Will.

Psychoda marginalis, NOV. sp.

Black, head and thorax with white hair, but not very dense; abdomen
with black hair, and often a small patch of white hair each side at tip ;
wings thinly clothed with black and gray hair, and some scattered white
ones near base, two prominent patches of erect black hair just beyond the
middle of the wing ; the fringe dark gray, except near the tip on each
side, where it is whitish, giving the appearance of a white margin toa
black wing ; it is very long, on the posterior margin nearly as long as the
breadth of the wing ; legs dark with gray hair. Antenne slender, black,
with whorls of gray hair, about as long as the width of wing; wings
narrow, acute at tip. The inferior pair of * appendages are long and
slender ; at frst they are parallel, then they diverge and curve upward ;
they are clothed with fine black hair; the superior pair are very far
apart at base, about two-thirds as long as the inferior pair, gradually
tapering and but little curved toward each other. Length of wing, 1.8 to
2mm.

Not uncommon on low herbage near the edge of aswamp. June.
Sea Cliff, N. Y. All my specimens seem to be males.

Easily recognized by its general black colour, two black patches on
wing, and the apical white fringe.

Psychoda bicolor, nov. sp.

Head and thorax yellowish-white, abdomen black, the former with
white, the latter with biack hair; wings with black hair, most dense
toward base and on costa ; fringe black or dark gray behind, where it is
about three or four times as long as the width of a cell; legs black, with
black hair ; antennz slender, slightly longer than breadth of wing, black,
with whorls of dark gray hair; the wings are broader than usual, very
oblique behind, and acute at tip. The inferior ¢ appendages are three-
jointed, the basal joints nearly united, the second joint tapering and
curved upward, about as long as the first joint, at tip with a short,
recurved, pointed joint ; superior appendages two-thirds as long; widely
separated, curved downward, slender at tip. Length of wing, 2.4 mm.

Not uncommon in the same locality as P. marginalis; only males
known to me, Distinguished by its general black colour, except white head
and thorax.

334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

A NEW PERICOPID AND SOME NEW ZYGAENIDZ
FROM CUBA.

BY B. NEUMOKEGEN, NEW YORK.

My esteemed friend, Dr. L. Gundlach, has left to me the task of
describing several new Bombyces, which he discovered within the last
few years in Cuba. Some ofthe specimens which are uniques, are, unfor-
tunately, in such a poor state that a thorough description was well-nigh
impossible. In one case I had to refrain entirely, on account of the
dilapidated condition of the insect. All the types belong to the Museo
Cubano Zoologico de Gundlach, \ately acquired by the Spanish Govern-
ment.

Daphne, nov. gen.

Head well developed. Eyes large, hairy. Clypeus indentated.
Palpi prominent, outwardly curved. Antenne large, bipectinate,
tapering at tip. Legs scaled, the tibiz well armed and with a large
hairy tuft. Abdomen long, slender and tapering. Primaries nearly
double as long as broad. Exterior and interior margins rounded. Sub-
costal nervure arcuated near apex. Median nervules equi-distant.
Submedian parallel with interior margin. Secondaries, margins well
rounded, 7-veined. Costal nervure curvilinear. The ornamentation is
black and steel blue, the veins blackish. The genus is allied to
Gnophela, W\k., and should stand at the head of the Pericopinz.

Daphne cyanomela, nov. spec.

Head, prothorax and abdomen of bright orange colour. Palpi the
same, with black edges above. Eyes and antenne black. Anal tuft some-
what paler than abdomen. Legs grayish black. Thorax and wings rich
metallic blue. Black costa and black broad marginal bands on both
wings, reaching to centre of inner and anal margins respectively. Fringes
grayish black.

Below the same as above.

Expanse of wings: 46mm. Length of body: 15 mm.

Type, o.°! No. 131M. C. Zadeks.

Phaio, nov. gen.

Head and eyes large. Tongue well developed. Antenne long,
bipectinate, somewhat tapering at tips. Front prominent, pilose.
Thorax pilose, with large patagiz. Primaries very long and well drawn

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 335

out, more than twice as long as broad. Costa nearly straight, but some-
what curved inwardly at centre. Apices pointed. Exterior margin slightly
bent angles, and interior margin somewhat sinuous at centre. Secondaries
small, about as broad as long, sharply pointed at apices, and well
rounded at anal angle. Abdomen long and well developed, rounded at
anus. Legs long and slender,

Phaio longipenuis, Nov. spec.

Eyes whitish yellow. Head black. Antenne shortly pectinated,
black, the outer edge and tip being bright yellow. Above thorax and
abdomen dark blue, and all wings of blueish-black, fringes concolorous.

Below, wings as above, with red basal dots. Abdomen blackish, with
a very peculiar black shield fringed with white hair, and having a yellow
lateral dot, covering area of two basal segments. Legs yellow, with
exception of Cox, which are red above and black below.

Expanse of wings: 48 mm. Length of body: 14 mm.

diype,t Gur WL, ot dev G:

A very peculiar, and in its fresh state, undoubtedly a brilliant insect.
I should place it in the Zygaenidz, between ///puZa, Butl., and /xylasia
Butl.

Cosmosoma Juanita, nov. spec.

The specimen is not very good, and the antenne are entirely missing.
Head and eyes black. Palpi yellowish. Thorax and patagiew black, the
latter with white edges. The slender abdomen above is bright red, with
basal two segments and anal segment of black colour, with anal black
tuft. . Below, bright red, with exception of black anal segment and tufts.
Legs red, with white stems at coxe.

Wings, above and. below, vitreous, with black nervules. A broad
marginal black band on primaries, forming a large black apical space,
and tapering off at angle. Small black marginal bands on secondaries.

Expanse of wings: 23 mm. Length of body : 8 mm.

It is to be regretted that the specimen is not in a better state, the
secondaries being nearly entirely demolished. When fresh, it must be a
beautiful little insect.

Type, 4 2 Nome. ©.’ 7.' de G-

It comes very near C. se/ecta, Herr. Sch., but is easily distinguished
by the absence of the black discal spots on primaries, and the different
ornamentation of the body.

ps)
wo
lor)

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

SOME LITTLE KNOWN SPECIES OF CE:NEIS.
BY H. J. ELWES, CJLESBORNE, CHELTENHAM, ENG.

On page 224 of CANADIAN EnTomoLocistT, Volume XXVI., Mr. Her-
man Strecker has some remarks on Chionobas, in which, I am glad to say,
he supports my views, except in two points. ‘First, with regard to the
subhyalina of Curtis, I cannot conceive on what grounds he supposes
that the description of subhyadina refers to Erebia fasciata, and as W.
H. Edwards’s suggestion that the example from Guenée’s collection sent to
me by Oberthur as the type of swb/yadina is not really so, rests on no
evidence whatever; I still maintain that swbhyadina -is the proper
name for the insect hitherto called crambis, Freyer, found, as far as we
know at present, from Newfoundland along the Labrador coast to Hud-
son’s Straits and’other parts of Eastern Arctic America. It has no re-
semblance to Beaniz, Elwes, first sent out under the name of subhyadlina,
by Mr. Bean, and only taken near Laggan. With regard to alberta, Mr.
Strecker had probably written his notes before seeing W. H. Edwards’s
further remarks on this species, on page 192 of the same volume. If he
had seen the true a/berta, I do not think he could have supposed that it
is a variety or form of chryxus. The one species is found in May only,
on the prairie; the other always in the mountains, in pine forest, or above
timber line, and does not appear, as far as I know, before about the 2oth
June. One has a well-marked sexual patch on the forewing in the male,
the other has no trace of it. The smallest specimens of chryxus are con-
siderably larger than the largest of a/berta. The colour is also totally
different on both surfaces, so I can only suppose that Mr. Strecker has
never seen alberta. I have now received more specimens, including sev-
eral females, from Mr. Wolley-Dod, and though the variation in colour and
number of ocelliis even greater than W. H. Edwards points out, there is
not the slightest difficulty in separating any single specimen from any
specimen of my large series of chryxus and varuna. With regard to the

latter, a number of specimens sent by Mr. Wolley-Dod, also taken
near Calgary, confirm my opinion that it cannot be separated from Ufderz,
even as a local variety, for though the majority of the specimens have
larger and more abundant ocelli than UA/er¢, from Colorado, there are
several which I could not distinguish without the labels. As a rule, how-
ever, the band on the under side of the hind wing is better marked in the
northern than in Yellowstone or Colorado specimens.

With regard to the single female from Mount Graham, for which Mr.
Strecker suggests the name of Zaura, I can form no opinion whatever.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 337

Ee ato OPT BRA. Onn se A NAD A. .

BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA.

VI. Tue ENDoMYCHIDE AND EROTYLIDE OF ONTARIO AND QUEBEC.

These two families immediately follow the Coccinellidee in our lists,
and are evidently related to them in many respects, the former, perhaps,
the more closely, especially in tarsal structure. In habits there are,
however, wide differences, the Coccinellidz, as already stated in a former
paper, being chiefly aphidivorous, while the Endomychide and Erotylide
are mostly fungivorous.

Taking up the groups separately, we may consider the Endomychide
first. These may be defined as Coleoptera, usually rather small in size,
less convex and more elongate than typical Coccineile, and differing also
in having much longer antennz, the last three joints of which form a
distinct club. ‘The tarsi are four-jointed, the third joint often minute and
anchylosed to the fourth. The claws are simple, the first ventral segment
without coxal lines ; the elytra cover'the dorsal segments and the wings

are without long fringes. The larve of the more typical genera, such as
Epipocus and Aphorista, are moderately elongate, only slightly convex,
scaly above, the sides of the body with appendages as shown in the figure
(fig. 53, larva; fig. 54, pupa of A. wittata
after Smith). That of A/ycefea is, however,
of a different shape, as shown by Westwood,
who figures it as of elongate form, the seg- &
» ments with deeply incised sutures and armed &
laterally with numerous bristles, the termi-
nal segment with about nine bristles along
the hind margin.
The Endomychid genera found in the pro-
vinces named may be thus known :—
A. Tarsi distinctly four-jointed ; smaller species.
b. Body eval, pointed behind ; surface pilose ....... wehiwsias coae' AC PCCHEDs:
bb. Body oblong, or subparallel ; surface glabrous.
Elytra black, shoulders and apex red ; thorax unspotted.. Rhanis.
Elytra reddish or yellowish, with two black fascie ; thorax with
DUG RPO Re tet cosas yes am Neaenicves Paeatgeringy ates Phymaphora,

358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

AA. ‘arsi apparently three-jointed ; larger species.

c. Thorax and elytra uniformly piceous-black above, except

the obscurely ferruginous margin..............Lycoperdina.

cc. Thorax black, elytra red, each with 2 black spots. Exdomychus

ccc. Thorax reddish, elytra black, each with two red

SPOOLS. Pisce vn coeennmeameecantay

ecce, Thorax variable, elytra striped.
ADOVE: pPMbDESCEMN Ts! 5. idle cacons Ai vaeees caer: LP EOREIS.

Above; slaprousne cs.) ciagneus sjdmeneuaane se swe a aco ane

Saweiasl.. ae, sePargats LL DEBRS gees

Only one species of each of these genera has been reported in the
Canadian lists, but a short descriptive note is appended in order that
should others be found they may be recognized as new to the fauna and
accorded further study.

Mycer@a, Stephens.

M. hirta, Marsh., occurs both in America and Europe. I have seen
no specimens, but it is described by Stephens as being a rusty red insect
of small size (about .06 in.), and oblong-ovate, convex form, the antennez
and legs pale dull red; the elytra are deeply sub-seriately punctured and
pilose. It is found in fungi or on grassy banks.

Ruanis, Lec.

The only species, 2. wzcolor, Ziegl., is narrow, elongate, nearly
glabrous, shining, about .14 in. long; the colour is reddish, the elytra
black with the shoulders often indistinctly and the apex very broadly red.

PHYMAPHORA, Newm.

P. pulchella, Newm., is a beautiful little species ; .15 in. long, elongate
in form, the thorax red with discoidal black spot, the elytra reddish with
two transverse black fasciz, the anterior of which is very broad and nearly
median in position, the other less distinct and nearly or quite apical. The
male antennz have an immense club.

LYCOPERDINA, Latr.

A neat piceous-black species, .tg to .21 in. long, the margin of the
body and the legs more or less distinctly brownish-red, is Z. ferruginea,
Lec. It may be found under stones or logs early in the spring and on
fungi later in the season.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 339

Apuorista, Gorham.

A. vittata, Fabr. (fig. 53, larva; fig. 54, pupa; fig. 55,
beetle), is a smooih shining insect, about a quarter of an
inch in length, in colour reddish above, the elytra with a
common sutural black stripe, and each with a shorter
lateral one. The antenne are nearly black.

Mycetrina, Muls.

The little IZ. perpulchra, Newm., belongs here, and
well deserves the name. It is .16 in. Jong, the head is
black, the thorax red, either with or without a discoidal
vitta. The elytra are black, each with two red spots, the
anterior subhumeral in position and transversely elongate
inform. This species is represented in fig. 56. JZ. Horniz,
Cr., will doubtless be taken in British Columbia, and differs
in having a triangular humeral spot.

Fig. 59.

ol

Fig. 56.

Eprpocus, Germ.

Probably through error, the Texan Z. cinctus, Lec., is in the Canadian
lists. It is a large ferruginous pubescent species, .4 in. long, the thorax
with four black marks, the elytra with the disk (except sometimes the
sutural region) black. In Texas I have found it under logs near fungi
and have described and figured the early stages, which resemble those of
Aphorista vittata.

ENpDOmMYCHUS, Panz.
£.. biguttatus, Say (fig. 57), has the thorax black, the
elytra red, with two black spots on each, the posterior
larger. Length, .16 in.

The Zrotylide are allied to the Endomychide, but the
tarsi are four or five-jointed, never three-jointed, as is
apparently if not actually the case in the latter family. The pronotum
has not the sub-basal transverse impression and two longitudinal lines so
often seen in the Endomychids, and the form is usually more eiongate
and more convex. Comparatively little is known of the larve of our
native species ; that of Zanguria (fig. 58, Languria Mozardi in all stages)
is elongate, and, in the species figured, about .32 in. long; the form is sub-
cylindrical, only the anal segment being narrower than the preceding
joint ; the colour is light yellow, the mandibles and anal horns (which are
acute and curved upwards) brown. It feeds in the stems of clover, and

540 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

may do noticeable damage. The larva of Zritoma humeralis, Fabr., is
nearly white, the head yellowish, the form moderately elongate, nearly
cylindrical, but tapering to each end, the ninth segment with two short,
erect, slightly recurved hooks or processes ; it lives in fungi, going under
ground to pupate, remaining in this state eight days. The pupa is .20
in. long, very bristly and with a stout spine on the tip of the abdomen...
The genera are not in all

cases readily separable by a
beginner, being sometimes (as
in Zritoma and Mycotretus)
much alike in general form
and appearance ; however, a
careful attention to the specific
descriptions ought to do away
with any doubt that may arise.
The following table will show
the points of difference in the Fig. 58.
Erotylid genera and enable those found with us to be recognized.

A. Form very elongate, parallel, front coxal cavities open... Zanguria.

LD
ny giv iets gee ssc

AA. Form more robust, front coxal cavities entire.

b. Tarsi distinctly five-jointed.
Sizevstnaa Ml (ja! fi) Ss peters s: «a aoe we he ea Dacne.
Sizegaree i((50-- GOIN.) arostineteteussssaehietsanyentieres Megalodacne.

bb. Tarsi apparently four-jointed, the fourth joint very small.
c. Last joint of palpi widely securiform, thorax with black
SPOtsicscsatee sac cscmeeeeeee PPE ap eReeon ) VS
cc. Last joint of palpi oval or slightly triangular. Thorax
unspotted.

Middle area of mentum large, transverse... 1/ycotretus.
Middle area of mentum small, triangular...... Tritoma.

LANGuRIA, Latr.
The species of this genus are found under logs and stones early in
the spring, later they may be swept from plants. Two species, one of
which divides into two varieties, are known from our region.

Thorax red, elytra bluish or greenish (.22-.31 in.)......4Zozardi, Latr.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 341

‘Thorax red with discoidal dark stripe (.35-.40 in.)...gracz/is, Newm.
‘Thorax entirely -ereenish-black: 2. .ssi2iia uote v. inornata, Rand.

We give figures of Z. Mozardi in all stages (Fig. 58)
and the beetle of Z. gracidis (Fig. 59). I have a specimen
of Z. convexicollis, Horn, with the label “B.C.” It may
be known from Z. Mozardi by the larger size (.47 in.)
and the entirely black under surface.

Dacne, Latr.

A small, black insect (Dacne g-maculata, Say,) .12 in.
long, the clypeus and a humeral and apical spot on each

Fig. 59. elytron reddish or yellowish, represents this genus. At
times the apical spots may extend over the entire tip of the elytra.

MEGALODACNE, Crotch.

‘Two very fine species of this genus are found in Canada. They are
large insects with black thorax, the elytra banded with black and orange-
red ina manner recalling certain carrion beetles (/Vecrophorus), and are

found in fungi. The two Canadian species resemble POE.
fy

each other very closely, differing thus :—
< fat

ie \

Smaller (50~-.60 in.). Elytra finely
seriately punctate, thorax shorter..
agenncr pee .. fasciata, none

fisreer (i ae 80 i in. eR Hythe not punc-

PALMERS Goats tasese recs heros, Say. y,
Iscuyrus, Lac. 4 oh Be
I. quadripunctatus, Oliv. (Fig. 61), | ag
is about .30 in. long, black beneath,
Fig. 6. the side margins of thorax and abdo- eee
men marked with yellow or reddish. Above it is fulvous, the head

black, the thorax with a series of four transverse spots across the middle,
the elytra with black bands and spots as shown in the figure.
Mycotretus, Lac.
Small red and black insects found on fungi or dead wood. Two
species with one varietal form occur here and may be known thus :—
Thorax black,scutellum and elytra red (.16-.18 in.).sanguinipennis, Say.
Thorax and scutellum black, elytra bicolored.
Apical third of elytra obliquely black. (.14 to.16 in.)..pudchra, Say.
Black mark on elytra, angulate anteriorly.,......v. dimidiata, Lac,

342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

TrRiToma, Fabr.

Some of the species of this genus are very common in fungi during

the summer and autumn ; they resort to such places for the purpose of

laying eggs which produce the somewhat maggot-like larve previously
described. The beetles may be separated by the appended table :—

Aw itirely black above... (CDOs 420 Mois arapupsensessoee tenes LLICOLOR GEN

AA. Above bicolored.
b. Elytra with humeral reddish spot, (.1ro-.16 in.)..2ameradis, Fabr.
bb. Elytra with broad, central, reddish-yellow band. (.18—.20 in.)

bbb. Elytra unicolorous, black or bluish, thorax reddish.
c. Body beneath reddish.
Antenne entirely black, elytral interstices obsoletely
BUMELG ATS 22 IM) cc we was neem casas pas sete eeee macra, Lec,
Antenne black, red at base, elytral interstices very evi-
dently though sparsely punctate. (.18—.20
Ih) Reparateatereecesockecean ane thoracica, Say.
cc. Body beneath black. (.12-.16 in.)..........
sine wth tjawins nxtachideinas nisaenes (LAUECOLLIS,- JAG.
We give figures of Z: humeralis (Fig..62, the
larva, and Fig. 63, the beetle). The last four
- species are of more elongate form.

Fig. 63.

The chief papers bearing on the North American species are as
follows :—

1853. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Endomychidz of the United
States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VI., pp. 357-360.

1854. Leconte, J. L. Synopsis of the Erotylidz of the United States.
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., VII., pp. 158-163.

1858. Gersteecker, A. Monographie der Endomychiden, Leipzig, pp.
xlv. + 433, 3 piates.
_ 1873. Crotch, G. R. Synopsis of the Erotylide of Boreal America.
Trans. Am. Ento. Soc,, IV., pp. 349-358.

1873. Crotch, G.R. Synopsis of the Endomychidz of the United
States. Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., IV., pp. 359-363.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243

A NEW ATTID SPIDER FROM JAMAICA.
BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA.

Saitis Anne, n. sp.—Length 31% mm.; width of abdomen, 1 mm.
Cephalothorax, about as long as, but perhaps not quite so broad as abdo-
men. Abdomen broadly oval. Cephalothorax, about 1% times as long
as broad; broadest between 2nd and 3rd rows of eyes. General colour
grayish-brown, not metallic.

Cephalothorax with a broad black V, the truncate base of which cor-
responds to the base of the cephalothorax ; and the arms extend forwards
and outwards to the border between the latitude of the 2nd and 3rd rows
of eyes.

Abdomen above with a black V-shaped mark on its posterior half,
pointing towards its tip. In the V-mark of the cephalothorax, the arms
become attenuate ; but in this abdominal V-mark, the base is attenuate
and the arms become greatly broadend towards their truncate ends.
This V is bordered posteriorly on each side by a conspicuous patch of
white hairs, and at the truncate ends of the arms, in striking contrast with
the black, is on each side a white (or dirty white) patch, surrounded in
front by a dark ring. On the side of the abdomen, below this patch,
starts a whitish band, running forwards. Between the arms of the V are
obscure markings which faintly indicate the arrow-head marks of such
species as eon Nellit, Zygoballus Bettini and Hasarius Hoyi. On the
anterior half of the abdomen, the subdorsal region presents a band, bor-
dered inwardly (dorsad) by whitish marks.

Legs ringed at intervals with blackish.

‘The terminal portion of the palpi is red-brown, becoming black at the
end, but the middle portion bears a tuft of very conspicuous shining white
hairs, which in certain lights appear yellowish-silvery. The front of the
cephalothorax, below the eyes, also bears some silvery hairs ; and there
are whitish rings round the anterior eyes.

Middle eyes almost touching, outer eyes of first row almost touching
them. Diameter of outer eyes about half that of middle eyes. Eyes of
second row very small.

Sternum black, oval. Cox shining, translucent, hind coxe close
together.

HTab.: Manchester Cottage, Kingston, Jamaica, Feb. 26, 1893, among
dead leaves. The type specimen is with Mr. Peckham,

3]

344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

I described this species when it was found, about 18 months ago, and
named it after my wife. The description has remained in MS., as I
expected that Mr. Peckham would publish the species, but he now states
that he will not be writing on the group to which it belongs at present,
and advises me to proceed.

This appears to be the third Attid recorded from Jamaica (the other
two being Anoka Peckhamit, Ckll., and Menemerus melanognathus, Lucas,
of which the former is endemic, but the latter cosmopolitan in the tropics),
but possibly a dozen more have been collected, and will be described in
course of time by Mr. and Mrs. Peckham.

P.§.to p. 284. Although it has nothing to do with the present sub-
ject, it will be well to mention here that the food-plant of Zachardia
cornuta, Ckll., proves to be Parthenium incanum, H. B. K.

ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES.
BY PROF. C. H. FERNALD, AMHERST, MASS.

In the CanaDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Vol. 26, page 184, the Rev.
Thomas W. Fyles described a moth as new, under the name of ‘‘ Botys
urticaloides.” Mr. Fyles has been so kind as to lend me his type for
examination, and it proves to be identical with JZetrea ostreonalis,
described by Grote in ‘ Papilio,” Vol. 2, p. 73, where he states that the
type was taken by Mr. L W. Goodell, in Amherst, Mass., and that he
also had a New York specimen in his collection. I have seen the Grote
specimen, and also another one taken in Bangor, Maine, by Mr. Fred.
Eddy. The habitat of the specimen in the National Museum, mentioned
by Mr. Fyles, is not given, and perhaps is not known. It is, undoubtedly,
a rare species at present, as these are all that are known to me.

The genus Botys (not Botis, as Swainson and some others have written
it) was established by Latreille, in 1805, in his Histoire Naturelle des
Crustaces et Insectes, Tome 14, page 230, under which he placed pur-
puraria and potamogata. The former of these species is a geometrid moth,
and has been placed in Huebner’s genus Zy¢iria. The second species,
potamogata, is not the species of Linneus by that name, but stagnata,
Don.

In 1802, Schrank established the genus VymphuZa in his Fauna Boica,
with potamogalis as the type, but this has also proven to be staguata,
Don; therefore, the genus Softys of Latreille, if purpuraria be taken as
the type, must be referred to the Geometridex ; but if staguata, Don., be
taken as the type, it must fall as a synonym of Wymphuda, Schr. In
either case we have no right to use it as a genus of the Pyralids, and for
this reason I did not use it in Smith’s List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal
America, nor have Meyrick and Ragonot used it in their late works on
the Pyralids,

{HE CANADIAN EN‘TOMOLUGIST. 345

LIST OF THE DRAGONFLIES OF CORUNNA, MICHIGAN.
BY D. S. KELLICOTT, COLUMBUS, 0.

Corunna is the capital of Shiawassee County, in the central part of
the Lower Peninsula, and approximately in 43° north latitude. ‘The
town is situated on the Shiawassee River, which traverses the county and
enters the Saginaw, as achief branch. At present there are very few
permanent small streams and ponds in the vicinity, but a mill-dam across
the river at the town causes sluggish, deeper water for a mile or more.
This stretch of water is locally known as the “Pond.” It abounds in
aquatic life, thus affording the most favourable conditions for the nymphs
of the ‘‘snake feeders.” The collections on which this list is based were
made about this “pond,” and for a mile along the river below. The time
of collection extends from June to September, and I feel confident that
few species remain undiscovered. The list, therefore, fairly represents the
Odonata of a favourable inland locality in Central Michigan.

It has occurred to me, again and again, how restricted many species
are in their flight. In consequence, an abundant species of a given dis-
trict may be wholly overtooked by the collector, if its special habitat is
not discovered. For example, certain species occur almost exclusively at
the “pond,” others by the river, whilst still others are equally common in
either situation. Thus, the emerald-eyed Macromia [/linsiensis is num-
erous about the rapids of the river, but is seldom seen at the ‘ pond,”
whilst Zibed/uda incesta is common at the latter, and as rarely seen by the
former. Other illustrations will be given in notes under the several
species.

The systematic arrangement followed is that of Philip P. Calvert, in
the ‘Catalogue of the Odonata of Philadelphia.” The specimens are in
the collection of the Ohio State University.

CALOPTERYX, Leach.

’ Maculata, Beauv.—Common in former years along the river and
small streams. It is now seldom seen, owing, I think, to the draining of
morasses and ponds, and the consequent drying up in summer of the
meadow brooks.

Apicalis, Burm.—Rare, about the river.

HETARINA, Hagen.

Americana, Fabr.—Exceedingly abundant in August, by the river,

especially where it flows rapidly over beds of bowlders and the margins

are overhung by the iong, coarse tussock grasses and the silvery sprays of
the willow.

346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

LeEstTEs, Leach.

Unguiculata, Hagen.—Not uncommon.

Uncata, Kirby.—Common.

Disjuncta, Selys.—Less common than the preceding.

Rectangularis, Say.— Abundant.

Vigilax, Selys.—Fairly common.

Inequalis, Walsh.—Rare.

The first four species occur among the herbage of low lands and
meadows, often long distances from the streams; the last two, on the other
hand, are seldom seen away from the lily pads or bordering flags and

rushes.
ARGIA, Rambr.

Putrida, Hagen.—Abundant.
Violacea, Hagen.—Abundant.
Tibialis, Rambr.—Not common.
A picalis, Say.—Not common.
NEHALENNIA, Selys.
Posita, Hagen.—Not uncommon.
ENALLAGMA, Charp.
Civile, Hagen.—Few seen first week in August.
Ebrinus, Hagen.—Rare.
Divagans, Selys.—Common on the pond, resting on floating aquatics.
Exsulans, Hagen.—Abundant.
Signatum, Hagen.—Common. The last week in August it was the
only abundant species of the genus.

IscHNuURA, Charp.
Verticalis, Say —Exceeding abundant. The orange female is common.
HAGENIUS, Selys.
Brevistylus, Selys.—Common, July and August.
GoMPHUS.
No species of the genus has been taken in the locality; G. vastus,
exilis, fraternus and villosipes are known to occura few miles south.
DROMOGOMPHUS, Selys.
Spinosus, Selys.—Common in July ; disappears about the rst of

August.
EPIESCHNA, Selys.

Heros, Fabr,—Not common,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 347

FONSCOLOMBIA, Selys,
Vinosa, Say.—Rare. One taken July 31.
ZESCHNA, Fabr.
Constricta, Say.—Abundant.
Clepsydra, Say.—Much less common than Coustricta.
ANnax, Leach.
Junius, Dury.—Abundant.
Macromta, Rambur.
Lilinoiensis, Walsh.—Common along the river and in open groves at
considerable distances from the water.
ErIcoRDULIA, Selys.
Princeps, Hagen.—Common.
LIBELLULA, Linné.
Basalis, Say.—Very abundant.
Incesta, Hagen.—Common about the ‘“‘pond” in July.
Quadrimaculata, Linné.—Rare.

Semifasciata, Burm.—Rare.
Pulchella, Drury.—Abundant.

PLATHEMIS, Hagen.

Trimaculata, De Geer.—Common.
CELITHEMIS, Hagen.
Eponina, Drury.—Not common.
LEUcoRHINIA, Brittinger.
Tntacta, Hagen.—Common.

Dipvax, Charp.

Rubicundula, Say.—Very abundant.
Obtrusa, Hagen.—More abundant than the preceding.
Semicincta, Say.—Not common.
Vicina, Hagen.—Abundant.

PERITHEMIS, Hagen.
Domitia, Drury.—Not common about the “pond.”

MESOTHEMIS, Hagen.
Simplicicollis, Say.— Abundant.

PACHYDIPLAX, Brauer.
Longipennis, Burm.—Abundant, -

348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

NOTES ON ALYPIA MARIPOSA.
BY JOHN B, LEMBERT, YOSEMITE, CAL.

Food plant.— Clarkia elegans, etc.

Lgg.—Shaped like a white table squash without the scollops ; usually
laid on the flower buds, the young larva feeding inside on the parts of the
flower ; hatched in eight to eleven days.

first Stage-—Head bilobed, glossy black ; body smooth, with a few
fine bristles, when emerging dark on the upper side, which shade dis-
appears, leaving the body a pale amber in a few hours ; from the third
segment the body slopes at an angle of forty-five degrees to the anal claws,
which gives the third segment a humped appearance ; the thoracic legs,
six in number, are black ; eight abdominal legs and two anal claws, the
latter light with dark lines surrounding them. Length, 2 mm. This
stage lasted three days, with one day more for moulting.

Second Stage.—Head bilobed, with a few bristles ; colour black and
glossy, with light marks appearing about the head; the body darker
amber coloured, with pointed tubercles, each having a light-coloured bristle
protruding from it ; the thoracic legs black ; legs and claws as in former
stage. This stage lasted three days, with one more for moulting. The
larva looped in both stages when walking, but ceased to do so in the next
stage. Length, 3 mm.

Third Stage.—Head as before ; a white, bell-shaped spot in the centre,
with two narrow short bands on each side of the head, one over the mouth
parts ; a white line down the back, below this a dull dark band on each
side, below these a white band, then a dark band running along the
legs from the head to the anal claws ; tubercles black, round and pointed
at the tip, bristle light and fine, becoming longer in each stage ; thoracic
legs, abdominal legs and claws black. This stage lasted three days, with
one day more for moulting. Length, 5 mm.

Fourth Stage.—Head bilobed, the white band joining over the centre
of head above the bell-shaped spot ; the rest of the body as in the former
stage. This stage lasted three days, with thirty hours in moulting.
Length, 9 mm.

Fifth Stage.—Wead as before, the white band broader, more distinct
and longer than the others in proportion ; the first thoracic segment white
with eight black round dots near the neck and a black narrow band back
of the white, becoming yellow on the top of the segment, enough to cover
four of the black dots, the body markings increasing in breadth, the white

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 349

bands on each side covering two longitudinal rows of tubercles ; in the
upper row a minute dot appeared in front of each tubercle, and two buff-
coloured spots appeared in two upper dark longitudinal bands on the
third segment, one on each side of the white line. Thoracic legs black,
abdominal legs black, shielded on the outside ; the claws have white and
buff-coloured markings ; the abdomen from the last pair of thoracic legs
down the ventral surface to the claws has triangular joined markings ;
between the claws and abdominal legs are two lateral rows of short bristled
tubercles, and between the abdominal and thoracical legs are two more
rows. This stage lasted eight days, and three and three-quarters more for
moulting. Length, 13 mm.

Sixth Stage.— Head and first segment as before ; instead of dark
longitudinal bands, irregular vvate, reniform and heart-shaped markings
appeared on and between each segment ; there were three wedge-shaped
markings, one of them joining the other markings, altering their shape some-
what, with a wine-coloured surrounding about all these markings, there being
two such rows on each side of the white dorsal band, ablacklinein the suture
in front of third last segment and one in the suture above the claws, which
are now of an amber colour with firm black line on the outer rims of the
joints, the abdominal legs similarly marked and coloured, the posterior
thickly marked with buff and white ; instead of a dark band above the
legs, there were three dots on each segment and above the legs some were
single and others joined to resemble a heart form. The predominating
colour white as the larva matured. This stage lasted seven and a-half
days. Length in twenty-four hours after moulting, 24 mm.; when
mature, 39 mm. At noon of the eighth day the larva ceased feeding,
after evacuating all the solid food. ‘Towards sundown it picked out a
place to gnaw out a hibernaculum in rotten wood; finding its mandibles
too tender for the work, the larva crawled up on the cork of the glass jar
and rested for the night ; about 8 a.m. it came down again on the wood to
the place it had selected, and began steadily to work with its mandibles
to excavate a round hole, and as long as it could the powdered material
was raked out with its thoracic legs ; afterwards, as the hole grew deeper.
the powdered rotten wood was lifted up with the -back of its head and
neck by bending these in a hook form ; by 1 p. m. the hole was complete ;
the larva then turned round and commenced to gnaw around the mouth
of its hibernaculum, raking some inside, and then afterwards it formed a
rim until it was just able to draw in its head, then the powdered wood was

350 THE CANADIAN ENTGMOLOGIST.

lifted up, and with a mucilagenous matter the wood was mixed and
cemented, and the mouth of the hibernaculum was sealed up by 2 p. m.
As long as the seal was soft, the larva’s efforts could be plainly seen keep-
ing it up with its mouth parts. On the third and fifth day I found the
larva was in the same condition as when it entered. On the seventh day
Topened the hibernaculum further back—the larva had cemented the
other places—and found that it was a larva still. On the tenth day, how-
ever, the larva had pupated.

Pupa.—Colour reddish-brown over the wing parts and abdomen ; over
the head parts and upper and lower sides of the thoracic region, of a darker
shade. The proboscis case prominent ; the neuration of the wings plainly
visible. On each side of the abdomen are seven black round and raised
spots, which are glossy white, the rest is finely granulated. Cremastral
spines and a flattened area, at the end of the abdomen, black. Length,
I5 mm.

NOTES ON QUEBEC COLEOPTERA.
BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN.

These notes relate chiefly to species taken in the vicinity of Quebec
City, all to species taken in the Province of Quebec during 1892-1893.
I am greatly indebted to Mr. W. H. Harrington for the identification of
many of the following :

Cicindela longilabris, Say. June 5 and 8. Fort woods, Levis.

Cicindela limbalis, K\. (Two.) Aug. 28. Near Lake Beauport.

Cicindela hirticollis, Say. (One.) Aug. 28. Near Lake Beauport.

(C. repanda, C. purpurea and C. vulgaris, very abundant on this
date.)

Cychrus Lecontei, Dej. Spring and Fall, abundant under dead leaves
in damp woods. St. Romauld’s, May 8, seven captured on wooded
hill side. Gaspé Basin, May 14, a pair.

Carabus serratus, Say. Aug. 22. St. Joseph’s de Levis. <A pair
under stones on hill side.

Blethisa Julii, Lec. May to. One specimen in road near Fort No.
1, Levis. Auy. 13. Same locality, four, dug out of earth under
thick, dry moss, edge of woods. Associated with this beetle were
numbers of Platynus cupripennis, Say.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Bs)

or
—

Notiophilus sibiricus, Mots? Aug. 13 ; Sept. 10, 17, 24 ; Oct. 30, etc.
Isle d’Orleans. Under dead leaves, damp spots in woods ;
generally in pairs.

Trechus rubens, Fab. Oct. 1s. Isle d’Orleans. A pair in dead
leaves, edge of woods.

Pterostichus Luczotit, Dej. May 14. Gaspé. Several.

Cymindis cribricollis, Dej. May 15. Gaspé. Common at Quebec.

Brachylobus lithophilus, Say. (One.) Aug. 13. Fort woods, Levis.

Bradycellus cognatus,Gyll. (One.) May 20. Gaspé.

Quedius molochinus, Grav. May 8. St. Romauid’s. Under dead
leaves, wooded hill side.

Staphylinus fossator, Grav. (One). Aug. 10. Isle d’Orleans.

Choleva clavicornis, Lec. May 27. Isle d’Orleans. A few speci-
mens in the shell of a dead MWesodon dentiferus, Birm.

Aédalia frigida, Schn. Fall. Isle d’Orleans. One in dead leaves.

Cytilus trivittatus, Melsh. May 15. Gaspé.

Byrrhus americanus, Lec. June 8. Several in ruts of sandy road
through open woods.

Campylus denticornis, Kirby. June 11. A small specimen, by beat-
ing, woods near St. David's.

Oestodes tenuicollis, Rand. One or two early in the year in the city.

Oestodes, sp. (perhaps puncticollis, Horn.) (One.) June 25. By
beating, woods near St. David’s.

Corymbites resplendens, Esch. June t1th. One specimen, living,
under horse droppings on sandy road through woods, near St.
David’s.

Corymbites eripennis, Kirby. (One.) May 13. Isle d’Orleans. In
dead leaves. Sept. 3. A pair under Jog near St. Joseph’s.

Corymbites spinosus, Lec. (One.) June 11. By beating, woods
near St. David’s.

Corymbites triundulatus, Rand. May 18; June 11, etc. Fairly
common.

Eros coccinatus, Say. (One.) June ri. By beating, woods near St,
David’s.

Geotrupes Egeriei,Germ. Isle d’Orleans. Aug. 30. Burying around
fungus. Sept. 10, 24, and Oct. 1. Very abundant, crawling across
road through woods, or resting in the sun.

Geotrupes Blackburnii, Fab,? Aug. 10, Isle d’Orleans, Several
in manure.

bo

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

floplia trifasciata, Say. June tr. Plentiful on blossom, woods near
St. David's.

Rhagium lineatum, Oliv. June 11. One specimen off pine stump,
same locality.

Anthophilax matlachiticus, Hald. Isle d’Orleans. A dead specimen
picked up in woods, May 26.

Achmeeops pratensis, Laich. June 11, etc. In great variety and
abundance, by beating off blossom.

Leptura zebra, Oliv.’ (One.) July 16. By beating, woods near St.
David's.

Leptura chrysocoma, Kirby. June 25; July 9, 13, etc. This hand-
some ‘‘long-horn ” is often to be met with on the flowers of Czry-
santhemum leucanthemum.

Leptura proxima, Say. July 16. By beating, woods near St. David's.

Leptura vibex, Newm. Junerr. A few by beating, woods near St.

David's. i
Saperda cretata, Newm. Aug. 6. Isle d’Orieans. One specimen off
thorn.

Adimonia rufosanguinea, Say. May 18. Gomin swamp. Very
common, by beating off blue-berry blossom.

Chelymorpha argus, Licht. Conspicuous, hibernating in dead leaves
spring and fall.

Phellopsis obcordata, Kirby. May 8. St. Romauld’s. Seven taken
from under bark of rotten stump. May 18. One example at
Gaspé Basin.

Cephaloon lepturoides, Newm. June 11. Abundant by beating off
blossom of wild black cherry, woods near St. David’s.

Schizotus cervicalis, Newm. (One.) June rt.

Pomphopea Sayi, Lec. June t1. Woods near St. David’s. Several
off blossoms of wild black cherry (Prunus serotina, Ehrhart.) June
12. One on wing, Isle d’Orleans.

Hormorus undulatus, Uhler. June 11. Woods near St. David’s.

One specimen off blossom of choke-berry (Pirus arbutifolia).
Otiorhynchus rugifrons, Gyll. May 20. Gaspé. Hibernating.
Phytonomus nigrirostris, Fab. (One.) May 18. Gomin swamp

Beating off blue-berry blossom. Also found hibernating.

Macrops sparsus, Say. May 20. Gaspé. Hibernating.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 353

ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOME COM-
MON SCALE INSECTS. :

BY L. O. HOWARD, WASHINGTON, D. C.

Owing to the extensive commerce in nursery stock and fruits, which
has been carried on all over the world for many years, it has become a
matter of very considerable difficulty to form any adequate idea of the
original Coccid fauna of any given part of the globe. Restriction of the
importation of diseased nursery stock and fruit is new, and for years
plants and fruit, carrying thousands of scale insects, have been landed
almost daily at most large seaports. It is, however, not too late to
ascertain many facts of importance, and since the apparent confusion is
growing worse day by day, it becomes necessary to make an immediate
endeavour not only to ascertain the original home of all species of
economic importance, but to place on record all the facts which can be
ascertained regarding their spread down to, the present time. Many
injurious species are still more or less restricted, and the necessity for
quarantine laws is as great as it has ever been. If horticulturists will
not demand, for their own personal good, a clean bill of health from
dealers from whom they purchase plants, it behoves local and State
governments to pass such regulations as will effectually prohibit the
introduction of new insect enemies, particularly of this class of scale
insects.

To point this moral to which I have more particularly referred in No.
3 of Vol. VII. of Insect Life, we have only to glance at the history of
several prominent orchard scales, now more or less well-known to most
fruit growers.

The Oyster-shell Bark-louse of the Apple (Mytilaspis pomorum,
Bouché).—This widespread species, now found practically all over the
world, so far as our information goes, was apparently originaliy a
European species, at least it was known to European entomologists in
the early part of the eighteenth century. At the present day it occurs
abundantly throughout the United States and Canada, with the exception
of the far south-west. It was imported into the New England colonies
at some time during the last century. The first American account of the
insect was written by Mr. Enoch Perley, of Bridgeport, Maine, in 1794.
By 1835 it had spread through New England ; in 1854 it was already
abundant throughout New York, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and parts of

304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Wisconsin, but at that date had not penetrated farther west than the dis-
tricts bordering upon Lake Michigan. It reached northern Illinois about
1852, and then spread gradually westward and southward, reaching the
Mississippi River in the early ’60’s. In 1868 it had invaded Iowa and
Northern Missouri; in 1872 it had extended south from Missouri into
Mississippi and had made sporadic appearances in Georgia, towards which
point it had, in the meantime, been spreading down the Atlantic coast.
In 1872 it had also made its appearance in Eastern Kansas, and since
that date it has appeared in Washington, Oregon and British Columbia,
south to some extent in California, and in several of the fruit-growing
regions of Colorado and Nebraska. At the present time it is seen in
Nebraska, and is not known, so far as our information goes, in Louisiana
and New Mexico.

Can Canadian entomologists trace its spread through the Dominion ?

The Scurfy Bark-louse (Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch).—Unlike the
preceding species, the scurfy bark-louse is a native of America. It occurs
from Maine to Nebraska, through all the northern States, and south nearly
to the Gulf of Mexico. Recently it has been imported into England on
currant bushes from America. It is a hardy species, but coming into
more or less direct competition with the oyster-shell bark-louse, it has, in
many localities, been supplanted by the latter. Does this insect occur
abundantly in Canada, and what is its Canadian distribution ?

The Greedy Scale (Aspidiotus camellie, Sign.).—From our present
information, it seems probable that this insect is indigenous to Southern
Europe. It is known also in New Zealand, Australia and the Sandwich
Islands, into which countries it was probably imported directly or indirectly
from South Europe. In the United States it was first found in California,
where it was probably introduced from Australia, and where it was first
known in the vicinity of Santa Barbara, from which point it has spread
north to Washington, and south to Mexico. From California it has been
introduced into New Mexico. It is also found occasionally on hot-house
plants in the north-eastern States, and rarely out of doors in Florida. In
the latter State it has been found upon one food-plant only, and it is
impossible to surmise whether this is the result of a direct importation
from California or from Europe.

The so-called English Walnut Scale (Aspidiotus juglans-regie@, Com-
stock).—-For all we know to the contrary, this species is indigenous to the
United States. It occurs in California, New Mexico, Florida, Texas,

(Shes
Or
Or

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Louisiana, Mississippi, District of Columbia and New York. Jn its more
northern localities it is scarce. In the south, where attention has only
recently been drawn to its injuries, it multiplies rapidly, and becomes a
serious enemy to the peach and pear.

The New Peach Scale (Diaspis lanatus, Morgan & Cockerell).—
This species seems to be indigenous to the West Indies, where it has
been found in Jamaica, Trinidad, Martinique, Barbadoes, Santo Domingo
and Grand Cayman. In the West Indies it occurs upon a great variety of
food-plants. In Ceylon it has been found to affect cultivated geranium
plants. In the United States, it is now known in one locality in Florida,
another in Georgia, and in the District of Columbia, doing very consider-
able damage in each of these localities to peach trees. Its introduction
from the West Indies into the United States is apparently rather recent.

The San José or Pernicious Scale (Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comstock),
—This insect is known positively to occur in Australia, Chili and Hawaii,
outside of the United States. In the United States it made its first
appearance rather more than twenty years ago in the vicinity of San José,
Cal. It was probably introduced at that point throngh importations of fruit
trees and shrubs made by Mr. James Lick. Its original home is not
yet known. The supposition that it is a Chilian insect, originally made
by Mr. Alexander Crow, seems negatived by recent evidence, and it is
probable that it reached Chili from the United States. It spread through
California, reaching British Columbia within the last two years, and |
spreading eastward, it reached Idaho on the north, and Nevada, Arizona
and New Mexico on the south, also within the last few years. A chance
importation of California nursery stock has also established it at one
point in Missouri, one in Florida, one in Virginia, one in Indiana, three
in Maryland, two in Pennsylvania, one in New York State proper, and
several in Long Island, and many in New Jersey.

The Red Scale of Florida (Aspidiotus ficus, Ashmead).—This scale is
probably of West Indian or South American origin. For many years in
the United States it was known only in the State of Florida, where it was
introduced first into an orange grove near Orlando upon a sour orange
tree brought from Havana, Cuba. Investigations made by Comstock in
1880 showed that it was an abundant species in the public gardens of the
City of Havana. From the introduction at Orlando, the species spread
rapidly through the orange-growing regions of Florida. Until recently it
was supposed to have been introduced into Louisiana during the New

356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLCGIST.

Orleans cotton exposition of 1884-5, but late investigations by Professor
Morgan show that it is most prevalent in an orchard into which citrus
plants from Brazil have been introduced, and that from this nursery nearly
all the orange plants in the City of New Orleans have been sent out.
This indicates a South American introduction into Louisiana independent
of the West Indian introduction into Florida. Late advices show that it
has established itself at Galveston Island, Texas. We have also seen
specimens from Tampico, Mexico.

STAPHYLINUS C/ASAREUS, CEDERH., AND S. ERYTHROP-
TERUS, LINN., IN CANADA.

BY W, HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA.

Staphylinus erythropterus, Linn. ‘This beetle has been but once
recorded in America, the specimen being noted from Detroit. I have
now to record it as inhabiting this section of Canada, and, at the same
time, to correct an error which has been put in circulation through my
agency. When Dr. LeConte visited me in July, 1883, he named a beetle
for me as S. cesareus, Cederh. (ornaticauda, Lec.), remarking that it has
only once been found in America. The species was, therefore, inserted
in my list of Ottawa Coleoptera (Ott. Field. Nat. Club, Trans.,vil., p. 191),
and in my Additions to Canadian Lists of Coleoptera (Can. Ent. xvi., p.
46). These records are quoted by Dr. Hamilton iv his catalogue of the
Coleoptera common to North America, Northern Asiaand Europe. The’
capture of examples of S. dadius (not on my list) proved to me that a
slip had been made by Dr. LeConte (his examination of my collection
having necessarily been hurried), and that the insect labelled cesareus
was only really dadipes. I, therefore, determined to strike the name off
my list, and to take the first opportunity of correcting the error, but soon
after, by a curious coincidence, I found (Apl]. 23rd, 1892) under a stone
at the margin of a swamp a Staphylinus, which seemed to be a genuine
cesareus. My determination was made by Dr. Horn’s monograph of the
genus (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. vii., p. 191), in which, following the descrip-
tion of the species, he says :—‘‘ Easily known from every other species at
present occurring in our fauna, by the spots of golden pubescence at the
sides of ventral segments above and beneath.” On informing Dr. Hamil-
ton of my capture, he kindly sent to me a cesareus from Europe for com-
parison. ‘This was much larger, and had the elytra more pubescent, and
the abdomen more coarsely sculptured and hairy, giving the beetle a coarse

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 357

facies. Still, the difference was not nearly so marked as the variations
found in many of our beetles, and, relying upon the golden spots upon
the abdomen as the test of the species, I remained of opinion that my
insect belonged to it.

On October 27th last, Mr. Fletcher and I madea hunt in Dow’s
Swamp (near the Experimental Farm), on the borders of which I had
found the specimen in 1892, and while digging around the roots of trees
for such beetles as might have gone into winter quarters, it was my good
fortune to obtain two specimens, and around the same stump were taken
about a dozen examples of adipes. Both specimens when alive showed
beautifully the golden spots on the abdomen, but when they were taken
out of the bottle of sawdust, in which they were killed, it was found that
the spots had mostly been rubbed off. With this new material I was
anxious to definitely settle the question of species, and ‘accordingly sent
one to Dr. Hamilton, who replied that :—‘“‘ The insect you sent is a good

example of .S. erythropterus. 1 have five examples of both erythropterus
and c@sareus from Sweden, and there is no difficulty whatever in the
determination by comparison. Cesareus is much larger, and has the
thorax and head much more coarsely punctured. ‘The golden abdominal
spots are about the same in both, but seemingly more readily lost in

erythropterus, one half of mine having them about as in yours.”

An early fall of snow prevented us from searching for more material
until to-day:(Nov. 17th), when I spent about two hours carefully searching
in the swamp, which was very wet, and more or Jess covered with snow,
and was rewarded by obtaining one specimen, also at the root of a tree
under moss, etc., four or five inches beneath the surface.

The American record for .S. exythropterus will, therefore, rest on the
specimen from Detroit, U. S., and my four specimens from Ottawa, Can.,
the species being apparently able to perpetuate itself in this country, and
inhabiting swamps.

The record for S. cesareus will rest on Mr. Ulke’s example taken in
~ Canada (locality not quoted), and possibly that specimen, if re-examined,
might prove to belong to the preceding species.

I regret that Dr. Hamilton’s new edition of his catalogue is printed,
and that, therefore, the records therein cannot be amended.

358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

BOOK NOTICES.

THE BurrerFLy HUNTERS IN THE CaRIBBEES, by Dr. Eugene Murray-

Aaron. New York, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1894. Pp. 269.

It is a novel event in literature to have a boy’s book of adventure
written by an Entomologist ; we were, therefore, prepared to peruse with
interest the volume which Dr. Murray-Aaron has just published. Belong-
ing, perhaps, to those whom he characterizes as the “ younger old people,”
we were charmed beyond measure with the book, and read it through
from beginning to end with as much avidity and enjoyment as any adven-
ture-loving school-boy. It relaies in pleasant, easy style, the expedition
made by a couple of boys, under the guidance of their naturalist friend,
‘‘the Doctor.” During the early winter months they visited several of

the islands of the Bahamas, and then made a more venturesome excursion
across Haiti and into Santo Domingo, winding up with a flying visit to
Jamaica. Their object was to collect butterflies especially, and at the
same time to gather all the animal and vegetable curiosities that they
conveniently could. For an account of their success and the various
‘“‘dodges ” they had recourse to, especially when in pursuit of Papz/io
Hlomerus, we must refer the reader to the book itself. It is not, how-
ever, a mere record of the doings of collectors ; a great deal of interest-
ing information is given regarding the condition of the negro races in their
barbarism where left to themselves, and their happy condition when
under British rule. Much pleasant instruction may also be gained regard-
ing the geography, scenery and government of the various islands that
were visited. If any paterfamilias is looking for a book to put in his
boy’s Christmas stocking, he cannot do better than purchase a copy of
this. Ifhis boy has any taste for Natural History, it will delight him
beyond measure. ‘The book is handsomely printed and bound, and
illustrated with several well-executed plates. The entomologist may be
disappointed at the absence of lists, or names of species, and pictures of
butterflies ; but the book is not meant for a scientific treatise, though its
statements may be relied upon as strictly accurate, the author being well-
known as the Editor for a time of Papilio, and Curator of the American
Entomological Society, at Philadelphia, as well as a valued contributor to
this magazine.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359

THe BurrerFlies OF NortTH AMERICA, by W. H. Edwards. Third
Series, Part XV.

This part, like its immediate predecessor, is of especial interest to
Canadian Entomologists, as it is chiefly devoted to the illustration of
some of our most interesting species of butterflies, and more than main-
tains the very high standard of excellence to which Mr. Edwards has
accustomed us. The first plate is devoted to two rare species of Argy-
nnis from the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, the first being Astarte, for so
many years practically unknown, save to those having access to the type
in the British Museum, the locality whence it was received being even
in doubt. True, it had been figured as to its upper side, in Doubleday,
Hewitson & Westwood’s great work “ The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,”
but that was not sufficient to identify it, so wnen it was re-discoveerd by
Mr. Thomas E. Bean on the mountain summits near Laggan, it was very
naturally re-described, or rather re-named, by Mr. Edwards, as Argynnis
Victoria. The species is quite unlike any other North American species
of this genus, and Mr. Bean’s notes on its habits are very interesting.
There is a slight clerical error in the reference to the plate in Doubleday’s
work, as it should be 23 instead of 53, as given by Mr. Edwards at the
head of his article. The second species treated of is A. Alberta, a most
distinct and interesting species belonging to the Chariclea sub-group,
which also was discovered by Mr. Bean on the mountains near
Laggan, in 1888. The sexes differ considerably in colour, and so far as
known the imago only appears every second season, being found in the
even numbered years.

The second plate is devoted chiefly to another butterfly discovered by
Mr. Bean at Laggan, a species of Chionobas, which Mr. Edwards regards
as identical with C. Subhyalina, Curtis, described in the Appendix to
Ross’s Narrative of his Second Voyage, the solitary type of which was
taken in Boothia Felix. ‘This identification, however, not being altogether
satisfactory, and the species having been described by Mr. Elwes in the
Trans. Ent. Soc., London, as C. Beanit, it will doubtless be known by
the latter name.

In connection with this, it may be mentioned that the specimens in
the British Museum collection, under the name Sud/yadina are different
from the form from Laggan, and seem to agree more closely with
Curtis’s description. A specimen from Hudson’s Straits similar to those

360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

in the B. M. is also inmy collection. The other species figured on this
plate is Chionobas Norna, well-known in Scandinavia, but of which Mr.
Edwards has received several female examples from Alaska.

The male from Finland figured on the plate is certainly very different
from the figure of that sex in Boisduval’s ‘‘Icones,” and the male is
assuredly sometimes of the same type as the female, as shown by speci-
mens from Norway in my collection.

The third plate of this magnificent part is an exceedingly fine one,
crowded with figures illustrating C. Semidea from the White Mountains,
Pike’s Peak and Hudson’s Strait.

The egg, young larva, larva after rst moult and mature, and the
chrysalis are fully illustrated.

The letter-press accompanying this plate extends to 11 pages, and is
very full and interesting, though the author has apparently overlooked
certain facts of interest, especially in connection with the discovery of an
egg parasite of the genus Telonomus, as published in the Report of the Ent.
Soc., Ontario, for 1892, pp. 32-35.

It is greatly to be hoped that the talented author will be able to carry
on the third series of his grand work to twenty parts, as suggested in his
“advertisement ” to the current volume. H. H. Lyman.

NorTH AMERICAN HEMIPTERA, by E. P. Van Duzee.

We desire to call the attention of those of our readers who are inter-
ested in this order to some recent publications by Mr. Van Duzee, viz.,
“A List of the Hemiptera of Buffalo and vicinity,” and ‘‘ Descriptions
of some new North American Homopterous Insects,” which were pub-
lished in Vol. V., Part 4, of the Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural
Sciences ; and “‘A Catalogue of the described Jassoidea of North America,”
‘which appeared in the Transactions of the American Entomological
Society, Vol. XXI., pp. 245-317 (Philadelphia, July-September, 1894).
These papers, which betoken much industry on the part of their able
and enthusiastic author, are of especial value, inasmuch as so little work
of the kind has been done in most of the families of the order that are
found in North America.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI.

Acontia erastroides, larva of, 21.
Acrididz of Indiana, 217, 241.
Acronycta cristifera, 141, 226.
- grisea, 124.

impleta. larva of, 18.
Radcliffei, larva of, 17.
Adalia, table of species, 302.
Adimonia cavicollis, 86.
Adonia constellata, 305.
fEgialia conferta, 202.
African moths, three new, 69.
Agailia constricta, n, 8p., 90.

coe CALET2, TeySDe hol
Agrilus acutipennis, II.

‘< food plants of, 36.

Agrotis albalis, 103.
cloanthoides, 103.
docilis, 104.
exsertistigma, 84.
introferans, 269.
murzenula, 81.
opipara, 82.
perexcellens, 104.
semiclarata, 104.
Vancouverensis, 104.

Alypia mariposa, preparatory stages of,
348.

Anatis Rathvoni, 306.

** table of species, 303,
Andricus spongiola, n. sp., 235.
Angitia Americana, n. sp., 246.
Anisosticta strigata, I1, 229.
Anomala, table of species, 260.
Anthocharis, the genus, 47, 100, 166.
Anthonomus signatus, 272.
Anurida maritima, 165.

ss Tullbergi, 165.
Aphis cucumeris, 266.

«¢ mali, 147.
Aphodius, table of species, 203.

3 troglodytes, 255.

Aphonus tridentatus, 261.
Aphorista vittata, 337, 339.
Aphoruridz of Florida, 165.
Aphorura inermis, 165.
Aporia, neuration of, 168.
Aquatic larvee and their parasites, 39.
Arachnis aulea, preparatory stages of, 307.

*¢ suffusa a 308.
Arctia ornata, 156.

ee

“ec

ee

ee

Arctia rufula, 156.

Arenetra pallipfes, n. sp., 250.
Argynnis Aphirape, var. Ossianus, 155.
Aprodite, abundance of, 296.
Chariclea, 119.

Freija, 119.

Frigga, 120.

Polaris, 119.

Triclaris, 155.

Argyria nivalis, life history of, 96
Artipus Floridanus, 256.
Ashmead, W. H., article by, 24.
Aspidiotus abietis, 190.

affinis, 130.

ancylus, 191.

biformis, 131.
camelliz, 354.
convexus, 287,
dictyospermi, 128.
ficus, 355.

fimbriatus, 128.
juglans-regize, 131, 354.
ce ‘* var, albus, 287.
perniciosus, 269, 355.
punicze, 129.

Atzenius, table of species, 203.
Ateloplus, n. gen., 182.

ee

| Athysanus anthracinus, n. sp., 136.

Be sexvitlatus, TN. SP.5 93.

Atlanticus, n. gen., 179.
se dorsalis, 180.

gibbosus, 180.

pachymerus, 180.

Attacus promethea, assembling of, 240,
296.

Attid spider from Jamaica, 343.

Audela acronyctoides, 124.

Aulocara Scudderi, 217.

Ausonides, neuration of, 167.

se

66

Baker, C. F., article by, 88.
Ballard, Mrs. J. P., death of, 234.
Banchus flavescens, 9.
Banks, N., articles by, 76, 88, 160 3209.
Bean, T E., articles by, 155, 176, 238.
Bellura diffusa, 148.
‘* gortynoides, 85.
Belonuchus formosus, 254.
Bethune, C. J. S., articles by, 114, 115,
174, 294, 295, 358.

362

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI,

Beneficial insects : Smith, 295.

Bisulphide of carbon as an insecticide, 266.

Livena, n. gen.,
ee

327.
Maria, n. sp., 328.
Blatchley, W. S., articles by, 217, 241.
Bledius basalis, 254.
‘* fumatus, 254.
punctatissimus, 254.
Blennocampa bipartita, larva of, 185.
Bolboceras Lazarus, 205.
Book notices, 27, 28, 52, 53,
147, 175, 294, 358.
Botys urticaloides, n. sp., 184, 344.
Brachyacantha ursina, 304.
Brachypeplus glaber, 254.
Brefos infans, 176.
British Museum
141, 226.
Buckell, F. I., article by, 238.
Butterflies common to Norway and Arctic
North America, 117.
from China, Japan and Corea :
Leech mir;
of Copper Cliff, 12.
of Kentucky, 289.
of Laggan, 155.
of North America:

ce

jie eee

collections, noctuze in,

ce

Edwards,
27; 359.

Butterfly hunters in the Caribbees : Mur-

ray-Aaron, 358.

Caczecia semiferana, 126.

Cacopterzs, n. gen., I8f.

Caliroa Nortonia, n. sp, 324-5

Callichroma splendidum, 255.

Calotarsa, n. gen., 50, 88, 102, 116.
ce ornatipes, N. Sp., 52, 88,

116.

Calvert, P: P:, article by, 317.

Canthon, table of species, 201.

Carterocephalus Mandan, 11.

Caterva catenaria, 69.

Catocala cerogama, larva of, 21.

** retecta, larva of, 97.
Cenopis diluticostana, 126.
Centeterus Canadensis, n. Sp., 210.
Ceratomegilla Ulkei, 305.
Cheretymna Ashmeadté, n. sp., 21
Chelioxenis xerobatis, 255.
Chilocorus bivulneratus, 302.
Chionaspis furfurus, 354.

es major, 127.
ortholopis, 189.
Chionobas, Alberta, 192, 224.
4 Brucei, 176, 226.
‘ North American species of,
224, 236,
Notes on a revision of the
genus, 55, 133, 224.

102,

2.

6

|

Chloealthis conspersa, 222.
ss curtipennis, 222,
Chramesus icoriz, 280.
Chrysochraon viridis, 221,
Chrysopa oculata, 271.
Cicadula lepida, n. sp., 139.
Cicindelidz of British Columbia, 153.
of Lake Worth, Florida, 253.
of Ontario and Quebec, 149.
Cingilia humeralis, 69.
Clinopleura, n. gen., 182.
Coccidee, check-list of Nearctic, 31.
Coccidula lepida, 305.
Coccinella, table of species, 301.
or transversalis, 306.
Coccinellidze of Dodge County, Wis., 87.
os of Ontario and Quebec, 297.
Coccus trifolii, 271.
Cockerell, T. D. A., articles by, 30, 31,
116, 127, 189, 284. 343.
Coenonympha inornata, 238.
oe typhon, 238.
Coleocentrus Pettitii, II.
Coleoptera, additions to Canadian list, 48.
fs notes on, 36.
of Canada, 149, 197, 229, 259,
297, 337:
of Copper Cliff, 15.
of Fort Worth, Florida, 250,
of Quebec, 350.

Colias Behrii, 156.
Hecla, 118.
interior, 176
nastes, 176.
palzno, 118.
Collecting season of 1893, 123.
Copidryas Platensis, 8.
Copris gopheri, 255.
** table of species, 201.
Coprophagous Coleoptera, table of genera,

ce

ce

ce
ce

ee

199.
Coquillett, D. W., article by, 71.
Corthylus, species of, 277.
Cosmosoma Juniata, n. sp. 335-
Cossonus impressifrons, 254.
Cotalpa lanigera, 261.
Cremastochilus Harrisii, 255, 262.
Cremnodes Canadensis, 0. Sp., 213.
Crypticus obsoletus, 255.
Cryptolechia obsoletella, 126.
Cryptorhyncus lutosus, 256.
Cryptus flavipes, n, Sp., 212

‘¢ Vancouverensts, n. Sp. 211.
Victoriensts, n. sp , 211.
Cyclocephala immaculata, 261.
Cynipidee, new, 157.
Cynips Washingtonensis, n. Sp., 235.
Cyrtogaster dineutis, n. sp., 26, 41,

“e

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI.

Dacne 4-maculata, 341.
Dactylopius destructor, 271.
7 Solanz, n. sp., 286.
Daphne, n. gen , 334.
‘* cyanomela, 1. Sp.5 334-
Dasylophia thyatiroides, 69.
Davis, G. C., article by, 321.
Dectidee, review of N. American, 177.
Dendroctonus terebrans, 280
Desmocerus palliatus, 86.
Dialytes, table of species, 203.
Diaspinee, scale insects of sub-family, 127,
287.
Diaspis cacti, 127.

** lanatus, 287, 355.
Dichelonycha, table of species, 230.
Dineutes assimilis, parasite from, 26,
Dioryctria reniculella, 215.

39:

Diplotaxis, table of species, 231.
Ditylus coeruleus, It.
Dolichosoma foveicolle, 11.
Donacia distincta, II.
‘« emarginata, IL.
proxima, Il.
Se ssubtaliss i.
Dorycephalus platyrhyncus, n. sp., 216.
Dragon-flies of Corunna, Mich., 345.
sé of Ithaca, N. Y., 76.
oh of Nova Scotia, 317.
Drepanura, description of genus, 106.
Dryoccetes, species of, 279.
Dryophanta glabra, n. sp., 237.
Dyar, H. G., articles by, 17, 42, 53, 65, |
100, 185, 307.
Dytiscus Harrisii, 86.

“ce

Economic Entomologists, sixth annual
meeting of, 265.
Edwards J., article by, 135.

“* W. H., articles by, 3, 37, 55, 192, !

234.

Se Wal ieeeneplycto.: 133;
Ehrmann, G. A., articles by, 69, 292.
Ellis, Carlyle, article by, 176.
Ellopia fervidaria, 125.

Elwes, H. J., articles by, 133, 336.
Emphytus Canadensis, larva of, 185.
eS cinctipes, Jarva of, 186.
Enallagma. notes on species of, 76.
Endomychidz of Ontario and Quebec, 337. |
Endomychus biguttatus, 339.
Endropia duaria, 125.
Entomobryide, table of genera, 105.
Entomologica' trip to Copper Cliff, 9.
Ephialtes pacificus, n sp., 248.

ae Vancouverensis, N. Sp., 249.

Epilachna borea'is, 297.

Epipocus cinctus, 339.
Epirrita dilutata, 124.

Erebia disa, 120.
** discoidalis, 9.

| Lremopedes, n. gen,, 181.

Eriococcus azalez, 271.

Eriopsis connexa, 305.

Erotylidz of Ontario and Quebec, 337.
Errata, 116, 264, 316.

| Eucheetes sciurus, 156.

Euchloe, the genus, 47, 166.
Eudryas cypris, §, 54.

f) sxrata,8, 54%
shall we use the name? 309.
timais, 310,

“¢ unio, 8, 54, 300.
Euphoria, table of species,-261.
Eurytoma gigantea, 121.

| Lutettix clarivida, n. sp., 138.

‘© Johnsont, n. sp , 137.

Evolution and Taxonomy, 53.
Exartema versicolorana, 120,

Felt, E. P., articles by, 94, 96.
Fernald, C. H., articles by, 52, 344.
Fidia viticida, 273.

| Wield, J. A , article by, 296.

Fletcher, J., articles by, 22, 27, I11, 176.

Flowers and Insects, inter-relation of,
Robertson, I1f.

Foenus, folded wings in, 146.

Formicomus scitulus, 255.

Fox, W. J., article by, 172.

French, G. H., articles by, 97, 293.

Fyles, T. W., articles by, 120, 184.

Gall on Mountain Cottonwood, 223.
Gausocentrus gyrint, N. SPp.5 25, 41.

Geotrupes, table of species, 206.
| Gillette, C. P., articles by, 157, 235, 239.

Glass tubes as incubators, 239.

Gnathotrichus, species of, 277.

Gnorimus maculosus, 262.

Grote; SA. R;, sarticles by, toad: 54507408
103, 141, 215, 309.

Guignard, J. A., article by, 111.

Hadena evelina, larva of, 20.
‘* vulgaris, 125.

Hamilton, J., article by, 250.

Hanham, A. W., articles by, 294, 350.

Harmonia, table of species, 302

Harrington, W. H., articles by, 2, 9, 28,
86, 193, 209. 245. 356.

Harrington, W. H., election to Royal So-
ciety, 175.

Heath, E. F., article by, 208.

Hemileuca Californica, preparatory stages
of, 293.

Hemiteles occidentalis, n. sp., 213.
SN, apicerveniris, nN. Sp); 213.

364

BoC North American: Van Duzee,
360.
Hemiptera of Copper Cliff, 16.
of New Mexico and Arizona,
312.
Herpestomus flavicox@, n. sp., 210.
Heterocampa thyatiroides, 69
Hibernia defoliaria, 22.
Hippodamia Americana, 306.
a falcigera, 300.
moesta, 305.
table of species, 300.
Holcaspis maculipennis, n. sp., 236.
Holland, W. J., article by, 113.
Homolophus punctatus, n. sp., 164.
Homoptera, new N. American, 89, 136.
Hopkins, A. D., article by, 274.
Hoplia, table of species, 230.
Howard, L. O., appointment of, 175.
‘7. ) varticleiby,.-358:
Hubner’s Exotic Butterflies, 175.
Hydreecia inqueesita, 126,
Hylesinus aculeatus, 280.
Hymenoptera, Canadian, 193, 209, 245.
i of Copper Cliff, 13.
Hymenopterous parasites from
beetles, 24.
Hyperaspis, table of species, 304. Hyper-
aspis undulata, 285.

6c

ce

water

Hypocryptus Vancouverensis, n. sp., 248.
Hyporhagus punctatus, 255.
Ichneumon occidentalis, n. sp., 210.

ee

Taylort, n. sp., bate
Idiocerus amenwus, Ni. Sp., 89.
Tdionotus, n. gen., 182.
Insects and flowers,
Robertson, ITI.
Insects at light, 295.
Ischyrus quadripunctatus, 341.

inter-relation of :

Jordan, Miss A. M.,, article by, 257.

Kellicott, D. S., article by, 345.
Kilman, A. H_, article by, 48.
** donation of coleoptera,

238.

Lachnosterna, table of species, 231.

Languria Mozardi, 339, 340.
ce table of species, 340, 341.
Laphygma flavimaculata, preparatory
stages of, 65.
Lee, C. L., article by, 295.
Lembert, J. B., articles by, 45, 101
239, 348.
Lepidoptera, food plants of California, 45.
notes on Nocturnal, 79, 103.

» 156,

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI.

Lepidopterous larvz, descriptions of, 3, 17,
24, 375 ©5y 94, 95, 97, 2575 293; 307,

34
Lepisesia Clarkia, 156.
Leptysma marginicollis, 221.
Lepyrus geminatus, II.
Leucania pallens, 227.
‘© straminea, 227.
Leucarctia acraea, var. AZ/agesiz, n.
292.

vars,

_ Ligyrus, table of species, 261.
| Limenitis ursula, 123.
| Lintner, J. A., Eighth Report on Insects

of New York, 115.
Liobunum exilipes, 162

Sis flavum n. sp., 164.

‘¢ pacificum, n. sp., 162.

‘© parvulum, Nn. sp., 163.

| Listronotus setosus, 256.

Lithophane oriunda, 238.

es the species of, 79.
Lonnberg, E., article by, 165.
Lophoderus Mariana 126,

_ Lyczena exilis, notes upon 37.

| Macgillivray, A. D. articles by, 105,

| Moffat,

Lycoperdina ferruginea, 338.
Lyman. H. H., article by, 359.

165,

169, 324.

Macrodactylus subspinosus, 231.
Macrops cryptops, 256.
Mamestra Dodgei 145.

oh ferrealis, 145.
lorea, 145.
lubens, 141.

Marlatt, C. L,, article by, 265.
Mecynotarsus elegans, 255.
Megalodacne, table of species, 341.
Megilla maculata, 300.
Melanoplus bivittatus, 244.

oh collinus, 244.
griseus, 245,

Melolonthine Scarabaeidz of Canada, 229.
Meniscus comptus, n. Sp., 322.-

‘6 Johnsonit, . sp., 323.
Michiganensis, 0 sp., 323:
ostentator N Sp., 321.
Slosson@, N. Sp., 322.

‘© table of species, 321.
Mesites rufipennis, 256.

Metrea ostreonalis, 344.
Miscellaneous Entomological

Webster, 147.

J. A., articles by, 54, 123, 148,

238, 240, 231.

Monarthrum, species of, 277.
Monoctenus juniperinus, n. Sp. 328.
es table of species, 328.

ae

ee

ee
a

ec

papers:

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI. 365

Monographie des Phycitinze et des Gal-
leriinee: Ragonot, 52.
Monophadnus atratus, n sp., 193.
7 synopsis of species, 193.
Monostegia quercus-albee, 43.
Se quercus*coccine®, N. Sp., 43-
Monotoma fulvipes, 255.
Moths’ eggs, a method of securing, 156.
Mottled umber moth, 22.
Myceteea hirta, 338.
Mycetina perpulchra, 339.
Mycotretus, table of species, 341.
Myriapodes des environs de Geneve :
Alois. Humbert, 114.
Mysia pullata, 303.
Mytilaspis albus, var. concolor, 190.
ee pomorum, 271, 353.

Neemia episcopalis, 11, 300.
Nematoplus collaris, 11.
Nematus coryli, 44.
ss monochroma, larva of, 187.
Oh salicis-odoratus ‘* 187.
Neumoegen, B., article by, 334.
New Jersey, report of Entomological De-
partment: Smith, 275.
Nicagus obscurus, 2c6.
Nothochrysa annulata, 0. sp., 169.
os Californica, 171.
oe phantasma, 0. sp., 170.
Notolomus basalis, 256.
Nova Scotian dragon-flies, 317.
Nymphula potamogalis, 344.
‘* stagnata, 344.

Obituary, 234
Ochyria ferrugata, 173.

‘* spadicearia, 173.

Odonata of Corunna, Mich., 345.

Spa pOk Lt hacae Nate)

‘© of Nova Scotia, 317.
Odontzeus, table of species, 206,
(Edemasia nitida, 125.

(Kneis, notes on a revision of the genus :

Elwes, 55, 133.

Some little known species of, 336.
Oncocnemis viriditincta, 125.
Onthophagus, table of species, 202.
Opatrinus notus, 255.

Orchestes ephippiatus, 11.

rs subhirtus, 11.

Orsodacna atra, II.

Orthesia Annz, 285.

Oryssus Sayi, 12

Osborn, H., article by, 216.
Osmoderma, table of species, 262,
Our Quarter Centenary, 1
Oyster-shell bark-louse, 271, 353.

6é

Pachnobia carnea, 83.

Pachypas Nasmythiz, n. sp., 79.
Panthea propinquilinea, 125.
Papilio Asterias, variety of, 292.

bh Cresphontes, 54, 123, 176.

‘¢ Machaon, r17.

** Turnus, variety of, 292.

** Zolicaon, life history of, 257.
Papirius olympius, n. sp., 110.

‘¢ purpurascens, N. sp., 109.
Parnassius Clodius, notes on, IO!,
Paroxya Atlantica, 244.

Patton, W. H., articles by, 140, 146.
Pear-tree Psylla 27!.
Pediopsts sordida, n. sp., 89.
Pelidnota punctata, 260.
Penthina impudens, 126.
Peranabrus,n gen., 181.
Peridroma incivis, larva of, 18.
Petrophora truncata, 124.
Pezomachus Keentz, n. sp., 214.
Pezotettix gracilis, 223.
obovatlipennis, N. Sp., 241.
*f occidentalis, 243.
cs viridulus, 245.
Phaio, n. gen., 334.

‘¢ longipennts, n. Sp. 335-
Phalangida of Washington, 160,
Phaleria longula, 255.

‘* picipes, 255.

«¢ puncticeps, 255.

Phanzeus carnifex, 201.

Phenacoccus helianthi, 285.

Philampelus achemon, 306.

Philhydrus simplex, 254.

Phloeosinus dentatus, 280.

Phlceotribus frontalis, 280.

Phobetes Canadensis, n. sp., 248.

Phoxopteris apicana, 126
es Goodelliana, 126,

Vhyciodes Carlota, preparatory stages of, 3.
«© Ismeria, 6.
sc Ny GCtels; tO:

Phycitid, an omitted, 215

Phymaphora pulchella, 338.

Pierine, sub-aivision of, based on pupe,
214.

Pieris napi, 12, 118.

eS Oleraceai2e.
rape, 118.

‘* the genus, 47, 100, 166, 214.

Pimpla inquisitor, 121.
Pityophthorus, species of, 278.
Platydema nitens, 255.
Platylabus pacificus, n. sp., 210.
Platynus Floridanus, 253.
Platypeza ornatipes, 88, 102, 116.
Platypus compositus, 275, 277.

‘* flavicornis, 277.

ce

366

INDEX TO

Platypus quadridentatus, 275.
Platysamia Cecropia, 281.

e Columbia, 281.

a Gloveri, 282.
Plectromerus dentipes, 255.
Pleurophorus ventralis, 202.

Plusia, captures of, at Quebec, 294.
Polygraphus rufipennis, 280,
Polyphylla vario osa, 234.

Popular Science News, 175.
Proctotrypidz of N America : Ashmead, 28.
OC Winter habits of, 88.

Prout, 1.. B., article by, 173.
Psychoda alternata, 330.

ie bicolor, n. Spey 333+

‘S cimered, Ne Spry 331.

“¢ o marginalis,n. Sp.. 333-
minuta, N. Sp.5 331.

cy ICLara Eley SDeseesals

‘superba, N. Sp., 332.
Psychodide from Long Island, 329.
Psyllobora teedata, 306.

ise 20-maculata, 303.
Pyracmon Vancouverensts, n. sp., 246.
Pyransta futilalis, 126.

Random recollections of Woodland, Fen
and Hill: Tutt, 294.
Raphia frater, var, Coloradensis, larva of,
17.
Report of Entomologist and Botanist:
Fletcher, 115.
Rhanis unicolor, 338.
Rhodites arefactus, n. sp., 157.
sc fulgens,n. sp , 159.
Se RPE CLECIA. Mi SDae al 5 Os
Ryncites cyanellus, 11.
Riley, Prof. C. V., resignation of, 174.
Rivula propinqualis, life history of, 94.

Saitts Anne@, Nn. Sp., 343.
Salina, n. gen., 107.
Barks, eit Spas lOgs
San José scale, 269, 355.
Sarrothripa Lintneriana, 125.
Scale insects, geographical distribution of

some, 353.
re notes on, 189, 269, 284.
a of sub-family Diaspinze, 127,
Scarabeeidee of Ontario and Quebec, 197,

259.

Science Gossip, 114.

Scolytidz, sexual characters in, 274.
Scolytus, species of, 280.

Scudder, S..H., article by, 177.
Scurfy bark-louse, 354.
Selenophorus stigmosus, 253.
Semasia radiatana, 126.

Semtoves semeniger, N. Sp.5 247.

VOLUME XXVI,

Semiothisa cesaria, 124.
Serica, table of species, 231.
Sericoris albiciliana, 126.
Sheraton, W., article by, 317.
Silvanus rectus, 255.
Smicrips hypocoproides, 255.
Smynthuride, table of genera, 108.
Smynthurus minutus, N. Sp.» 109.
Snyder, W. E., article by, 87.
Spharagemon oculatum, 218,
Sphida obliqua, 85.
Spilosoma vestalis, 156.
Staphylinus badipes, 356.

He ceesareus, 350,

is erythropterus, 356.
Steiroxys borealis, 182.

‘¢ pallidipalpus, 182.
trilineatus, 182.
Stewart, G. M., article by, 306.
Strecker, H., article by, 224.
Strigoderma arboricola, 260.
Stromterg, C. W., article by, 36.
Strongylogaster pacificus, 43.

rufoculus, 0. Sp., 327.

ce

‘s table of species, 325.
Strongylonotus, n. gen., 107.
ot Summersiz, N.,Sp., 107.

Synchloe lacinia, va7. rufescens, 30.

Syntomts abdominalis, n. sp., 70.
Son iid. Spey GO:

Syrphid, a very remarkable, 50.

Tachardia Cornuta, n. sp., 284, 344.
ss larreze, 285.
Tachys Columbiensis, 253.
Taracus pallipes, n.Sp., 161.
Taylor, Rev. G. W., election to Royal So-
ciety, 175.
Tenthredinide, descriptions of larve, 42,
185.
“ new species of, 193, 324
Jenthredo melanosoma, N. sp., 194.
* nigrisonia, N. SPry 195.
vi rupicollis, A. Sp., 195.
:* semtrufa, 10.
Se Synopsis of species, 196.
Teratological trio, 86.
Tetragonderus intersectus, 253,
Tettix arenosus, 219.
‘* granulatus, 220.
Thammnotettix atridorsum,n. sp., 92.
Thyatira Anticostensis, 84.
Thysanura, North American, 105, 116.
Tomicus, species of, 279.
Tortrix pallorana, 126,
Townsend, C. H. T., articles by, 50, 102,
223 4302:
ce resignation of, 175.
Trina, on, 54, 116.

INDEX TO VOLUME XXVI.

Trichiosoma triangulum, II.
Trichius, table of species, 262.
Poa heXaAnuS 255s

Trimerotropis maritima, 218.
Triptogen occidentalis in Manitoba, 208.
Tritoma, table of species, 342.
Trogus Fletcherti, 0. sp., 245.
Tropisternus glaber, 40, 41.
Trox, table of species, 207.
Truxalis brevicornis, 221.
shine aplopappt, 0. Sp., 72.
araneosa, N. Sp., 74.
baccharis, n. Sp., 73:

mM Californica, Me ssues5 =

SS cu llapisy Dei SPs5. 172s

‘¢ formosa, n. sp., 71.

& SUNY ETA, Ne SPs 73

‘* solidaginis and its parasites,

‘+ stelligera, Ni. Sp., 74.

Sr MMMCEL DECI Ss. gt SDsra 75s

SM anzOetelerMeSDs fils
Tutt, J. W., articles by, 47, 166, 214,

226.

120,

367

Valgus canaliculatus, 263.
Van Duzee, E. P., articles by, 89, 136.
Vanessa Antiopa, IT, 119.

oh oAtalamtaye 110:

ct) carduty tro.

Warner, Miss H. H., article by, 289.

Webster, F. M., article by, 117.

Wickham, H. F., articles by, 39, 149, 197,
229, 259, 297, 337-

Williston, S. W., article by, 116.

Woodside, Kurnside, Hillside and Marsh:
Tutt, 294.

Xyleborus, species of, 275, 278.
Xylina, notes on species of, 79.
** Oregonensis, preparatory stages of,

67.
Xylomiges confusa, 124.
oe simplex, larva of, 21.

Xyloryctes satyrus, 261.
Xyloterus, species of, 275, 278.

Zethus Aztecus in Florida, 140, 172.
(& > Poeyi; 140,872.
«* Slossonz,; 140, 172,
Zygzenide, new, from Cuba, 334.

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collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. Sea ie

Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia,
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths, _Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P.
Pithecium, EMILY L. Morvron, Newburgh, N. Aes New Windsor Delivery.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberal exchanges. A. S. VAN WINKLE
Keota, Iowa. 2:

HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per-
fect Sphingide, Arctiide, Bombyctde, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr.
Ricuarp E, Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York.

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the Janguages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wa. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exoric ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidze for correctly determined exotic species of thejfamily. G, C. Davis, Agricul-
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

Dup.LicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&sIDERATA.—Correctly named types of aileriead
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR Forp, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke
Road Hastings, Sussex, England.

Wantev.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tatracha virginica. Will
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnio pyri, etc. Address, R. Js
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. r

WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. H.
WiIcKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa.

Pror. J. B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision
of the Deltoid group cf the Noctuidz, and desires material from all parts of the country.
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such
specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U
S. National Museum. fe

| BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA.

-Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue 1st November, 1893. Contents: Neominois
_ Ridingsii, and all stages ; Chionobas C2no ; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three
- Pilates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40 ; Vol. II., $45.

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CampripcE, Mass.
s NEW EDITION s

d. HUBNER'S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Buttertles.)

Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates.
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens
of etchings sent post free on demand.

P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Booksel er, 1 rue del’Arbre, Brussels (Belgium).
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York.

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0}

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and

=
7 iene ner \ Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc.
Other articles are being added, Send for List,

| —SPECIMENS OF—
ee Japanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleoptera, Hymencptera, Shells, Etc.

REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan.

LEITZ'S MICROSCOPES

Used by the Principal Universities and
= Schools of the Dominion. =

RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application.

EY MAN SONS: & CO.,

MONTREAL.
<= -i- -!- -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada.

—— i

ese eee COAST - COLEOPTERA

—o—o0--0—o—o—

Send for new list (No, 12), giving names and prices of six collections of fifty species
(200 specimens) each, for from $2 to $10 per collection These are first-class speci-
mens, correctly named, and are suitable for schools or private cabinets.

L. E. RICKSECKER, OccipenraL, Sonoma Co., CAL.

deta AK RST.
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER tw ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

Fine Carlsbader Insect
Pins a specialty. Price List
ent on application.

78 Ashland Place,
BROOKLYN, N. Y.

IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS.

a ne EE em em er ae x re a a RS RS Sn RE EE EE A AR Se A

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Published by the Entomological Suciety of Ontario.

| General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.

Editine Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

For Ordinary. Members (2. 2.022 rete ct snre basta sles Sele e aeons eerie $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States... 05... 5. .¢00+:-0eauns «I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... .......¢...... I 25.

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received,
unless 25c. is added for collecting.

J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer.
All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

Bor! cathy, mSsertonss per iil 2 2 1ssie oe wcapacee een Daal ok onaten nee erepes emer esto Sreeso
One “inch per vyear en. <rchee hop seaie come) era a ie ie br ane eeENS, Atle ney one 4 00
Walf page, 825045 aie cncye atm ae cee in roar ata dhe oe keke hare 10 00
Whole 1 Tipo apa tea a caaN seal te: hte pened rs necaenae we hale UF ema ekaICe are sae cae eee 15 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes t to 24 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less).
Single copies, roc. each. 5 ;

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
cin be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to § inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee 5c.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. | Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, 2
Victoria Hall, London, Ontario.

The

| Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXVI.

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDITED BY

REV G. dS. BETLAUNE;

+ ¢<+—

MARCH, 1894.

LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1894,

THE NATURALIST’S JOURNAL.

EDITED BY H. K. Swaun, |
With the assistance of A, H. Waters, B. A., A. Ford, and H, Durrant.
A monthly magazine for Collectors and Students of Natural History ; twenty-four

to twenty-eight pages ; high-class illustrations ; first-class articles for Entomologists,

Ornithologists, Conchologists and Botanists. Free exchange column. Best advertising
medium. Annual subscription (post free) one dollar. : ‘Advertising rates : per inch
(fifty words) one dollar. Net cash in advance. Sample copy ten-cents. .

American Office and Depot :

PH. HEINSBERGER, 15 First Avenue, New York, International Bureau : Books, Postage

Stamps, Curiosities, &c.

EXCHANGE.

Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-

caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: —

Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,.

hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

Diprera.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodide
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho.

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-

ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street, —

Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and royale JAMES.
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago.

Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Giese et Cecropia, “>

Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths. Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P.
Pithecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery.

LEPIDOPTERA.— Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa.

HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per-
fect Sphingide, Arctiide, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr.
RIcHARD E. KuNzE, 606 Third Avenue, New York.

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. DOAN, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exotic ICHNEUMONID£.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidee for correctly determined exotic species of the, family. G. C. DAvis, Agricul-
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

DupLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera,
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&sIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England.

WantEeD.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Wilk 3

give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J.
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind.

WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I

offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. H. F.
WIcKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa.

Pror. J. B. SmMiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision _

of the Deltoid group of the Noctuidze, and desires material from all parts of the country.
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such

specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U

S. National Museum.

+ TOR SA LS

Teinopalpus imperialis female, $1.25. Ornithoptera rhadamanthus, $1.25. Papilio
nireus, 10c.; menestheus, 50c ; policenes, 20c ; helenus, 30c ; demolens, 10c.; cyprce-
fila, 50c.; Slateri, $2; epycides, 75c.; uranus, 50c.; aristolochix, 20c.; rhodifer, $1;
erithonius, 15c.; Krishna, $1 50; anticrates, 30c.; agamemnon, I5c.; leonidas, I5c.,
and several hundred other rare exotic butterflies at low prices, All fine specimens.

J. T. T. REED, (Member of the International Entomological Society),
RYHOPE, NEAR SUNDERLAND, ENGLAND.

A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York.

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0+

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc.

AOINTED
FOLDING NET : ;
Other articles are being added, Send for List.

—SPECIMENS OF—
eee deo Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleopte:a, Hymenoptera, Shells, Ete,

Ss a LE .! \ REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan.
\ LEITZ’S MICROSCOPES

Used by the Principal Universities and
= Schools of the Dominion. =

RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application.

igi NDS ONS a CO.

: == MONTREAL,
enim -i- -i- -:- -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada..

BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA.

Part XIII., Vol., 3, will issue 1st October, 1892. Contents: Chzonobas Calais ;-
C. Jutta, and all stages; C. Crambis; C. Brucet, and all stages. Three plates,
Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., bound, $45.

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass.

a (oN AS KIT OR Se,
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER 1n ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

Fine Carlsbader Insect
Pins a specialty. Price List
sent on application.

78 Ashland Place,
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.
e

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont. -
Editing Committee—J]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

Hor Ordinary Wem bers << jorccetsstee oe, stata eae oestataatnntia an vk Oats Maistre tenets $1 00
For, Associate" Members: insthe: United StateSasns.2.0 a0's's sacs sere eece ees I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere................... D2
» The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and -
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications |
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received,

unless 25c. is added for collecting.
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer.

All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, :
; Victoria Hall, London, Ont.
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont. ©

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

Kordeach sinsertion;. persineh’ 1b: Grantee ero sows Seno xed she teste $25.50
WHE-iNCh Per’ YEAR= </5 Seve rateie.srcl etek geatecbars ik Wieksyel aint eyaapeaesoee ate eae 4 00
Hlal fe pages stim" caene ale vid’ <isjersieee toes Auk, Cote oe) EME Reto relat tace ee eee 10 00
Whole 1 Hoh a vadecre waite cetpitg 3) Suake re iel'sjiv Sue \onateperar ately ca ake col uneceteney des Fa eS I5 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 24 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less).
Single copies, 10c, each.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALH.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to § inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee 5c.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET

USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,

1887, and has a synonymical list conhecting by number the names of the old

list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too

great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. | Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.

Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXXVI.

No. 4.

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDIGGE Dy B Y.

REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, "s.

fi Ra) -~ C } ¥
PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. fi A (<1 |?
1 oy - ‘<>
Jaq i { jet
+ So f+ Yio t ~ § ht
: {ry S hey
— . >
; : ; } cy :
« <2)
APRIL, 1894. qu Oe
, V4

LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY.
1894,

THE NATURALISTS JOURNAL:

EbITED BY H. K. Swaun, ~
With the assistance of A, H. Waters, B. A., A. Ford, and H. Durrant.

A monthly magazine for Collectors and Students of Natural Hi- story ; twenty font
to twenty-eight pages ; high-class illustrations ; first-class articles for Entomologists,
Ornithologists Conchologists and Botanists. Free exchange column. Best advertising
medium. Annual subscription (post free) one dollar. Advertising rates : per inch
(fifty words) one dollar. Net cash in advance. Sample copy ten-cents. .

American Office and Depot :

PH. HEINSBERGER, 15 First Avenue, New Ycrk, International Bureau : Books, Postage
Stamps, Curiosities, &c.

EXCHANGE.
Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of thts column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-
caschema wildii to exchange. also fine specimens. of the following Lepidoptera: —
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,
hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

Diprera.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho, :

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street,
Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago.

Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia,
Ceanothi et eee and other rare moths, | Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P,
Pithecium. Emity L. Morron, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all ince of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make bbered exchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa.

HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per-
fect Sphineide, Arctiide, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurni not in my collection. Dr.
RicHarp E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York.

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wm D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exotic ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
' monidee for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C. Davis, Agricul- —
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

Dup.icaTEes.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera,
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&s1pERATA.—Correctly named types of American
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForpD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke
Road. Hastings, Sussex, England.

WantTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica, Will
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers ; have also perfect
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J.
WEITH, Ellchart, Ind. :

WantTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. bs een c
WICKHAM; Iowa City, Iowa.

Pror. J. B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision
of the Deltoid group cf the Noctuidz. and desires material from all parts of the country.
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such
specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U_
S National Museum.

BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA.

Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue 1st November, 1893. Contents: Neominois
Ridingsii. and all stages ; Chionobas (ino; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. IIL., $45. :

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, MAss,

ITWELVE MONTHS.

THE CANADIAN BEE JOURNAL, a live bee paper edited by R. F. Holtermann,
will be sent to any new subscriber for twelve months for 50 cenis, stamps or silver.
Renewals, $1.00 per year. Address: GooLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR ‘COMPANY (Ltd.),

Brantford, Canada.
sO CENTS.
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York.

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0+

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc.
Other articles are being added, Send for List.

-
JOINTED
FOLDING NET \

—SPECIMENS OF—
aS | Japanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc.

SALE si REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan.
7 LEITZ’S 3 MICROSCOPES

Used by the Principal Universities and
= Schools of the Dominion. =

RANGE IN PRICE FROM $21 TO $175
An Illustrated Catalogue on Application.

YM ALN SONS & CO,

MONTREAL,

<I- 000 Si -I- -:- Agents for the Dominion of Canada.

‘PAGCIEIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA

—o—o--0—o—o—

Send for new list (No. 12), giving names and prices of six rollaetions of fifty species
(200 specimens) each, for from $2 to $10 per collection These are first- class speci-
mens, correctly named, and are suitable for schools or private cabinets.

L. E. RICKSECKER, OccipenraL, Sonoma Co., CAL.

oe ee AC EUR ST
TAXIDERMIST ann DEALER in ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

Fine Carlsbader Insect
Pins a specialty. Price List
sent on application.

78 Ashland Place,
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committee—]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

For, Ordinary “Members so) J:n5(6 7:0 ay0's15 7's Siiate's are nla se ale soja aiaisre a tea tees ote $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States...... Ofasielats sialuineters eiarphere 1/00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere/.........4...200 I 25

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian, U. S. or English Stamps. ‘Cheques on local banks not received,
unless 25c. is added for collecting.

J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer.
All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.

All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

HOLeACH MMSENLION, sDEL yIMCI ec core sess. vie olareinehiascr memes oeenaie ate etelors ‘See Dae gO
OMe aINChy PEL VEAL wake. a's oye leier lamibee Raph ei ame eekale ih once ae 4 00
Halfispage Se stic ss eavase. cet are eonee tar jae te More vacaua -seek are uy races ie anne ete Io 00
Whole TL) 47m alieisa) pl ave tan atacetAel. 8 witersplcel v Pale led teamea tron obeton Mek ate rinke ta ietet ete ReeaNae aaah aetet 15 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 24 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each ee of six volumes or less).
Single copies, 10c. each.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000, Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; ¥% inch, 15 cts, per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee Sc.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. | Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.

Obe

| Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXVI.

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDITED BY

Rev. Cob S. BETHUNE,

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.

MAY, 1894.

LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1894,

THE NATURALIST’S JOURNAL.

EDITED BY H. K. SwAun,
With the assistance of A, H. Waters, B. A., A. Ford, and H. Durrant.

A monthly magazine for Collectors and Stucents of Natural History ; twenty four
lo twenty-eight pages ; high-class illustrations ; first-class articles for Entomologists,
Ornithologists, Conchologists and Botanists. Free exchange column. Best advertising:
medium. Annual subscription (post free) one dollar. Advertising rates : per inch
(fifty words) one dollar. Net cash in advance. Sample copy ten-cents.

American Office and Depot:: :

Pu. HEINSBERGER, 15 First Avenue, New York, International Bureau ; Books, Postage
Stamps, Curiosities, &c.

EXCHANGE.

Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened tf necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: —
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,
hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

DriprerRA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodide:
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho.

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-.
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street,
Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and GE JAMEs-
ToucH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago.

Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia, ;
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths, Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P.
Pithecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa. ;

HYBRID COCOONS ex Ceanothi et Cecropia now for sale or exchange for rare, per-
fect Sphingide, Arctiidae, Bombycide, Catocale and Diurnz not in my collection. Dr,
RicHARD E, Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York.

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections, Will exchange works. .
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exotic ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C, DAviIs, Agricul-
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

DuPLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Gotenpnes
also British Lepidoptera (unset). D&sSIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American:
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni, ARTHUR ForD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke-
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England.

WantTED.—Amblychila cylindriformts, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J.
WeITH, Elkhart, Ind.

WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating”
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. is fel oe
WICKHAM, Iowa City, Iowa.

Pror. J. B. Smiru, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision:
of the Deltoid group of the Noctuidz, and desires material from all parts of the country.
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such:
specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U
S. National Museum. + eee

BUTTERFLIES OF NORTH AMERICA.

__Part XIV., Vol. 3, will issue 1st November, 1893. Contents: Neominois
Ridingsii, and all stages ; Chionobas CEno ; Chionobas Macounii and stages. Three
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II.,. $45.

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass.

B We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Supplies,
such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundation
and Sections. We received four awards at the

B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circular and
Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Journal

B’sS tree. GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont.
A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York.

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS Oh

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting

fo aa
ZA ai et Oiberaniicles a Ba added, Send for List.
—SPECIMENS OF—
| sapanse Lepidoptera, Orthoptera. Coleopte'a, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc.
SALE = | REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan.
3 NEW EDITION :
OF

J, HUBNER'S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Butterflies. )

Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates.
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens
of etchings sent post free on demand.

~P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Bookseller, 1 rue del’Arbre, Brussels (Belgium).

PACIFIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA

—o—0--0—o—o—

- Eight hundred species for sale in single specimens or collections. Correct names !
Exact localities! First-class specimens !
My annual price list, No. 13, is ready and will be sent on application.

L. E. RICKSECKER, OcciDENTAL, SONOMA Co., CAL.

ooo Ae EO a Se,
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER 1n ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

Fine Carlsbader Insect
Pins a specialty. Price List
ent on application.

78 Ashland Place,
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Pe,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. |

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committee—]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REY. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

Bor Ordinary Members: saee's ae. cntare bas etl eiore hccreiet ais ont winta ane aetsie latent $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States.......... 2200 ceseeo cere I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere. ...........+-+2++0- I 25

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian or U. S. Stamps. -Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c.

is added for collecting. J. A. BALKWILL, T
ee , Treasurer.

All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATHS.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

For each insertion, per inch ....... Sema ot asie sia atcls wigeretn oa acme ear $ 50
One“inchG per yearci cine noni cistale s ooh Be energ fiw eaten niohere et ae eaiae ve Seles 4 00
Half page, 1st weaane wa ecco aes See Ee ee er Cee 10 00
Whole 1 UPS pee ale tes Saeed Se lsea pale tote bays, sohertevons. 6! ebeiesar exons *wie.e siulbceoe epule.e - I5 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes I to 25 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less).
Single copies, Ioc, each.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos, 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee 5c.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,

Victoria Hall, London, Ontario.

Che

anadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXXVI.

No. 7. .

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDITED BY

REV. CJS. BETHUNE 9 oo"

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.
Sa a

JULY, 1894.

LONDON:

LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY.
1894,

EXCHANGE.

Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

OcHYRIA FERRUGATA.—Pupe of this geometer, for which British Lepidoptera will
be exchanged, are much desired by Louris B. Prout, 12 Greenwood Road, Palston,
London, N. E,, England,

FLEAS.—From any birds or mammals, Will name for duplicates, purchase, or
give in exchange Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, or Coleoptera. CARL F. Baker, Fort
Collins, Colo.

WANTED.—In good condition, the January, February, April and June numbers of |
‘ The American Naturalist,” Vol. XXIII., 1889. Address. J. Atston Morrat,
Librarian of the Entomological Society of Ontario, London, Ont.

S. Catalpe, WUybrids of Columbta-Cecropia and Ceanotht Cecropia, against S.
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Cerysit, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties.
Dr. R. E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York City.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: —
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,
hobomok, etc. PHriL1p LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

DirerERA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho.

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street,
Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—I have for exchange a large number of duplicates of last summer’s
collecting. Please write for list. Also cocoons of Cecropia and Polyphomus. JAMES
TouGH, 234 S. Water St., Chicago. ‘

Bred specimens of Actias Selene ; bybrids from Luna et Selene, Gloveri et Cecropia,
Ceanothi et Cecropia, and other rare moths. Cocoons of Luna, Angulifera and P.
Pithecium. Emity L. Morton, Newburgh, N. Y., New Windsor Delivery.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa. 2

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exotic ICHNEUMONID.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G, C, DAVIs, Agricul-
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

Dup LicaTes.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera, —

also British Lepidoptera (unset). Dg&sIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American —

and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England.

WantED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J.
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind.

WANTED —I wish to obtain any Entomological Literature, especially that treating
of Coleoptera, not already in my possession. In exchange for such, in any language, I
offer good material from the West and far North, especially Coleoptera. H. F.
Wickuam, Iowa City, Iowa. ,

Pror. J. B. SmitH, New Brunswick, N. J., is engaged in a monographic revision
of the Deltoid group of the N octuidze, and desires material from all parts of the country. |
He will name and return all material sent him, for the privilege of retaining such

specimens as may be needed for description or for completing the collection of the U. —

S. National Museum.

BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA.

Part XV., Vol. 3, now ready. Contents: Argynnis, Astarte and Alberta, with
stages ; Chionobas subhyalina, Norma, Semidea and varieties, with all stages. Three
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., $45.

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CAMBRIDGE, Mass.
THE - NATURALISTS’ - JOURNAL

EDITED BY A. FORD AND A. H. WATERS, B. A. F. S. SC.

The cheapest illustrated natural history magazine in the world! Under entirely
new management, and the new volume, which begins in July, will be enlarged to thirty-
six pages and considerably improved. Entomology will be the especial feature of the
journal, and articles will appear by well-known entomologists. Hints to field naturalists,
records and observations, free exchange column, etc., etc. Annual subscription, 60c.
(post free) from A. H. WATERS, B. A. Fz S. Sc., etc.,

Managing Editor, Cambridge, England.

A. SMITH & SONS, 121 NASSAU STREET, New York.

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0}

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and
Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc.
Other articles are being added, Send for List.

mn

ao
JOINTED
FOLOING NEF

—SPECIMENS OF—
Oe Japanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Coleopte:a, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc.

Ss A TK e REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan.
: NEW EDITION :

OF

J, HUBNER’S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Buttertles. )

Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates,
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens
of etchings sent post free on demand,

P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Bookseller, 79 Rue Neuve, Brussels (Belgium).
PACIFIC - COAST - COLEOPTERA

—o—0--0—o—o—

Eight hundred species for sale in single specimens or collections. Correct names !
Exact localities! First-class specimens !
My annual price list, No. 13, is ready and will be sent on application.

L. E. RICKSECKER, OcciDENTAL, SONOMA Co., CAL.

: Sg 6S ME = BABS Bee Nee See me Re © Be oe oe
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER 1n ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

Fine Carlsbader Insect
Pins a specialty. Price List
ent on application.

78 Ashland Place,
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. Y

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committee—J]. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;

REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec ; J. H. BOWMAN, London.
ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. 3

For Ordinary. Meniber$ (4. occa wth =i oes peewee ard teen were seats $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States..........-eeeeeeeeeceres I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... Pitaalatetiergeceiats I 25

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian or U. S. Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c.

is added for collecting. J}. A. BALKWILL, Treas yj
. A. , Treasurer.

All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.
For each: insertion,* per vine his. we tiisrelsoueietere cotta yo scyenePals s'afctereinis\ie sm yao
Onerinch: per, year As sacs. viele aye tases gacepolereimgeln 1h) Wine ipisestnielocatarelatysbets 4 00
Fl al ft pag es 2 15 wrieseca me miele atecela atete'e el aiar pre vote saber ehedehene ice le) Sec avr eka eietatele IO 00
Whole n 10m Tp rae Torce els) 0 nol eNWiaials| ef enolul plidbeta foe elec anal ste sniskelvecane nt aie eaters « I5 00
Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes I to 25 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less),

can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

i SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee 5c.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE,.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ontario.

a

Single copies, 10c. each.
Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers

Che

anadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXXVI.

No. | 8.

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDIT, E'D-B.Y

REV do. BEDHUNE,

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.

AUGUST, 1894.

LONDON: af Ne
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. on
1894.

EXCHANGE.

Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

OcHYRIA FERRUGATA,—Pupez of this geometer, for which British Lepidoptera will
be exchanged, are much desired by Louis B. Prout, 12 Greenwood Road, Dalston,
London, N. E, England.

EF Seen rom any birds or mammals, Will name for duplicates, purchase, or
give in exchange Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, or Coleoptera, CarL F, BAKER, ‘Fort
Collins, Colo. :

WANTED.—In good condition, the January, February, April and June numbers of
‘The American Naturalist,” Vol. XXIII, 1889. Address J. ALSTON MOoFFarT,
Librarian of the Entomological Society of Ontario, London, Ont.

S. Catalpe, Uybrids of Columbia-Cecropia and Ceanothi Cecropia, against S.
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Cerysti, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties,
Dr. R. E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York City.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: —
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon. cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,
hobomok, etc. PHiL1p LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

DipPrERA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho.

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street,
Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains, Will make liberalexchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa. :

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exotic ICHNEUMONID/.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C, DAVISs, Bereds
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

Dup.icaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleopt: ra,
also British Lepidoptera (unset). _DESIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR FoRD, Glenmount, 107 Braybro
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England.

WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica.
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also per
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind. g

B We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Suppli-

such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundati.
and Sections. We received four awards at

B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circularée «

Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Jour

B’s free. GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont.

BUTTERELIES OF NORTH AMERICA.

Part XV., Vol. 3, now ready. Contents : Argynnis, Astarte and Alberta, with
stages ; Chionobas subhyalina, Norma, Semidea and varieties, with all stages. Three
plates. Price, $2.25. Vol. I., bound, $40; Vol. II., $45.

Apply to HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN & CO., CampripcE, Mass.
THE - NATURALISTS’ - JOURNAL,

EDITED BY A. FORD AND S, L. MOSLEY, F. E. S.

The cheapest illustrated natural history magazine in the world! Under entirely
new management, and the new volume, which begins in July, will be enlarged to thirty-
six pages and considerably improved. Entomology will be the especial feature of the
journal, and articles will appear by well-known entomologists. Hints to field naturalists,
records and observations, free exchange column, etc., etc. Annual subscription, 60c,
(post free) from S. L. Mostey, F. E. S, Managing Editor,

Economic Museum, Beaumont Park, Huddersfield, Eng.

A. SMITH & SONS, 269 PEARL STREET, New York:

MANUFACTURERS AND IMPORTERS 0}

GOODS FOR ENTOMOLOGISTS,

Klaeger and Carlsbad Insect Pins, Setting
Boards, Folding Nets, Locality and

4
oisine ner Special Labels, Forceps, Sheet Cork, Etc.
. . Other articles are being added, Send for List,

—SPECIMENS OF—
oh adic | dapanese Lepidoptera, Orthoptera Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Shells, Etc.

Ss aA LW @ f REV. H. LOOMIS, Yokohama, Japan.
= NEW EDITION s

OF

J, HUBKER’S SAMMLUNG EXOTISCHER SCHMETTERLINGE (Exotic Butterflies.)

Subscription price, $130 for the whole work, which includes 664 coloured plates,
This new edition is published in parts of ten coloured plates each at $1.35. Specimens
of etchings sent post free on demand.

P. WYTSMAN, Scientific Bookseller, 79 Rue Neuve, Brussels (Belgium).

RARE EXOTIC COCOONS FOR SALE.

Caligula Simla, '75 cts.; Giant Atlas, $1.25; Actias Selene, 75 cts.;
Antheraea Mylitta, 45 cts.; Actias Isabellae, $1.75; Actias
Mimosae, $3.25; Saturnia Pyri, 25 cts. each.

Full cash strictly in advance, as no cocoons, etc., will be forwarded otherwise. Exchange
not entertained. A. WILLIAMS, 46 Trinity Rd., East Finchley, England.

JOR AKHURS)T.
TAXIDERMIST anp DEALER in ENTOMOLOGICAL SUPPLIES.

Fine Carlsbader Insect
Mtay Hs. Pins a specialty. Price List
= sent on application.

78 Ashland Place,
IMPROVED ENTOMOLOGICAL FORCEPS. BROOKLYN, N. ¥

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. |

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London. |

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

Hor Ordinary _Members rice ss tae eae Sa eat te Soe eee ote eet ede -$1 00
For Associate Members in the United States............00ceecceuees I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere.............-.+4+ , es

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian or U. S. Stamps, Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c.

is added for collecting.
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer.

All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.
All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

HOr Gach: IGSerHOn pepe LACH: is \yrrihy actete vateon chee ones gee ened Saas ena ei oan $ 50
Onetinch ~perayearr secs se saat wots as heater tee ROC See SCE ee i On
Half pages a Are oAaetateolese, tenon ine ute Walder oe eae Se aoe EMERY OR cena eee 10 00
Whole n ANA ice tesa cere Peleg a Uae serene ne tetaes Crk Ie ect ais to es ae ae ame ah ier eae 15 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 25 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less).
Single copies, 10c. each.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers |},
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos, 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK —¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; 7 inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee be,

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
iist (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the 1..w name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ontario.

Che

Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXXVI.

No. 9.

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDITED BY

BEV20. J2 SO BERHUNE,

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.

+ >o<+—__

SEPTEMBER, 1894.

LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY.
1894.

EXCHANGE.

Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

RHEUMATOBATES RILEYI.—Specimens of this rare water bug, described in
Vol. IV. and V. of ‘‘Insect Life,” for exchange for Coleoptera. Rost. L. JuNG-
HANNS, Ithaca, N. Y.

FLEAS,—From any birds or mammals. Will name for duplicates, purchase, or
give in exchange Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, or Coleoptera. CARL F, Baker, Fort
Collins, Colo.

S. Catalpe, Hybrids of Columbia-Cecropia and Ceanotht Cecropia, against S.
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Ceryszz, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties.
Dr. R. E, KUNZE, 606 Third Avenue, New York City.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: —
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon, cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, manataaqua,
hobomok, etc. PHILIP LAURENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

DripTerA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the ‘privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidze
especially desired. J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho.

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomologists, especi-
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N. DUNNING, 43 Niles Street,
Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. Will make liberal exchanges. A.S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa.

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works.
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list. Wm. D. DOAN, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn.

Exotic ICHNEUMONID©.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidz for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C. Davis, Agricul-
tural College, Ingham Co., Michigan.

Dup icaTes.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera,
also British Lepidoptera (unset). _DesIDERATA.—Correctly named types of American
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni.. ARTHUR FoRD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England.

WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect
specimens stretched of Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J.
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind.

B We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Supplies,

and Sections. We received four awards at the
B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circular and
Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Journal

B’S | free. GO0LD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont.

such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundation

aS

Published Monthly, Price Sixpence.

THH HNTOMOTLOGIST.
Edited by John T. Carrington, F. L. S.
An ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY.

SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO., Stationers’ Hall Court,
London, Eng.

5

North American Lepidoptera.

THE HAWK MOTHS OF NORTH AMERICA: By A. RADCLIFFE
Grote, A. M. . ;

This work in pamphlet form will be sent on remitting price of One
Dollar, by the publishers, Homeyer & Meyer, by the Author, Bremen,
Germany ; or address Rithle & Schlenker, Booksellers, Bremen.

ROYAL SOCIETY of CANADA,

I beg to call the attention of the members of the Entomological Society to the
approaching meeting in May of the above Society. If any of our members have any
papers which they wish to communicate to that distinguished body, I shall be happy
to have them correspond with me on the subject without delay.

H. H. LYMAN (Delegate), 74 McTavish St., Montreal.

NOW READY.
A new and revised Zist of the Coleoptera of America north of Mexico, by Samuel

_ Henshaw, assisted by Dr. George H. Horn, -Published by the American Entomological

Society. Edition limited. Price, $1.25. Price List of Entomological papers for

sale, mailed on application.
. E. T. CRESSON, TREASURER,

P. O. Box 1577, Philadelphia, Pa.

PAMPHIGmA and CATOCALTA.

The undersigned will pay good price, either in cash or exchange, for perfect
specimens of Pamphila and Catocala. : y

PHILIP LAURENT, 621 Marshall St., Philadelphia, Penn.

BUTTERFLIES OF INDIA FOR SALE.

One hundred and fifty Indian Butterflies of loo named varieties for £1 I6s., free.
Common species, three and four pence each ; rarer species, 6d., 8d, and Is. each,
Address,

REV. W. A. HAMILTON, Chaplain of Shillong, Assam, Tndia.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor-—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committe—WM. SAUNDERS, Ottawa; J. M. DENTON, London ;
CAPT. GAMBLE GEDDES and DR, BRODIE, Toronte.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

Mor MOvainary MPEMDES; ee pil Oe orld ere lberte penta Ces pa + oe eae atemtapes $1 00 |
For ‘Associate :\Members in the United Statés. is... since cece ete. vie oe al I 00
For Associate Members in England.,............ As heBialeiste a owls rates 4s. sterling

For Associate Members elsewhere

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, Postal Note,
Camadian, U. S. or English Stamps, P. O. Order or draft on New York, but
cheques on local banks will not be received.

All remittances and other business communications should be addressed to
the Secretary-Treasurer of the Society, W. E. SAUNDERS, 240 Central Ave,
London, Ontario, Send all manuscript for publication to the General Editor.

Canadian Entomologist.—The back. volumes 1 to 19 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1873 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
can be supplied at 50 cents each,

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

Foreach)insertiqh per, Ineh 425, dejo saetels vie bse g ye cite heh cae oie bermiatenels ote $ 50
Ope neh sper yearn O55 ae a eee estar behitc (oleh caimbeed Wann as Jo Ri gtetaee oleae 4 00
Hl alit pages uci) “Si kse suaipesaroene oan Gapvaites Mea ceus ise els eonewterauenatal Nk! Oates ae teaet IO 00
Whole ;: 1) Sa eet eo 1b, VP OV oe Neneivehe teubparaiele {> ote Wee’) oie sare lle ual >. els vallag her enae 15 00
Exchange notices of 2 lines, each insertion, ........... .65 weseserees 25
Additional matter in exchange notices, per line.......... 0.2.20. -e eee 5

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 4 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 5 and 6, in packages of 250 each, $1 per tooo. Postage extra. (New
lot just received ; in all sizes.)

CORK —Double thickness, 30 cts. per square foot. Postage extra.

LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.—Price 15 cts. each, uideure 55
families, 432 genera, and 1231 species (for labelling cabinets).
Printed Numbers, in sheets, 1 to 2000, for labelling cabinets.
Price 1octs. each set. Postage extra.

Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME. XxX Xvi:

No. 10.

a
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CATOCALA RELICTA, 7 . hay 2
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So ea ee
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EDITED BY ity Pe” i Sah
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REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, eee

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_ ¢
See

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO. |

OCTOBER, 1894.

LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY.
1894,

EXCHANGE.

Subscribers are tnuited to make liberal use of thts column. Notices over three lines are
liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers.

RHEUMATOBATES RILEYI. ~—Specimens of this rare water bug, described in
Vol. IV. and V. of ‘Insect Life,” for exchange for Coleoptera. Rort. L, JUNG-
HANNS, Ithaca, N. Y.

FLEAS,—From any birds or mammals. Will name for duplicates, purchase, or
give in exchange Hymenoptera, jie ae or Coleoptera. CARL F, BAKER, Fort
Collins, Colo.

S. Catalpe, Wybrids of Columbia- Cocropia and Ceanotht Cecropia, against S.
Lugens, S. Coloradus, L. Gaure, Smer. Cerysit, Pleretes parthenos and other varieties.
Dr. R. E. Kunze, 606 Third Avenue, New York City.

COLEOPTERA AND LEPIDOPTERA.—Fine specimens of the large Longicorn. Dor-
caschema wildii to exchange, also fine specimens of the following Lepidoptera: —
Pamphila massasoit, zabulon cernes, panoquin, pontiac, fusca, Aarronii, iamatpadeee
hobomok, etc. Pare Lav RENT, 1306 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Penn.

DipreRA.—I will exchange for, or purchase, Diptera from select localities. Will
also name as far as I can for the privilege of retaining desiderata. Dolichopodidz
especially desired, J. M. ALDRICH, Moscow, Idaho.

Correspondence and exchange of insects desired with young entomalogists, especi-
ally in the Southern and Western States. STEWART N, DUNNING, 43 Niles Street,
Hartford, Conn.

LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted specimens of all kinds of butterflies and moths from
Canada and the Rocky Mountains. _ Will make liberalexchanges, A. S. VAN WINKLE,
Keota, Iowa.

WANTED.—Coleoptera and Lepidoptera from all sections. Will exchange works
on Entomology, Zoology, Botany, and works relating to the languages of the N. A.
Indian. Send for list) Wm. D. Doan, Box 377, Coatesville, Penn. -

Exoric ICHNEUMONID@.—Would like to exchange North American Ichneu-
monidze for correctly determined exotic species of the family. G. C, DAvis, Agricul-
tural College, Ingham Co,, Michigan.

DupPLicaTEs.—A large number of correctly named and well-set British Coleoptera,
also British Lepidoptera (unset). ;
and Canadian Coleoptera and Diurni. ARTHUR ForpD, Glenmount, 107 Braybrooke
Road, Hastings, Sussex, England.

WANTED.—Amblychila cylindriformis, Lucanus elaphus, Tetracha virginica. Will
give liberal exchange for them in European Lepidoptera in papers; have also perfect
specimens stretched of <Acherontia Atropos, Saturnia pyri, etc. Address, R. J.
WEITH, Elkhart, Ind.

B | We manufacture all kinds of Bee-keepers’ Supplies,
| such as Hives, Honey Extractors, Comb Foundation —

-and Sections. We received four awards at the
B World’s Fair, Chicago. Bees for sale. Circular and
Price List, also sample copy Canadian Bee Journal

B’s free. GOOLD, SHAPLEY & MUIR CO. (Ltd.), Brantford, Ont,

TO SUBSCRIBERS. a

The Entomological Society will soon issue
a new Mailing List. All persons who wish
any corrections in their address as at present
issued, will oblige by sending word to

W. E. SAUNDERS, Secretary,
London, Ont.

Published Monthly, Price Sixpence.

THE HNTOMOLOGIST.
Edited by John T: Carrington, F. L. S.
AN ILLUSTRATED JOURNAL OF GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY.

SIMPKIN, MARSHALL & CO., Stationers’ Hall Court,
London, Eng.

EXCHANGE.

Under this heading two lines will be inserted for 25 cts.; additional matter, 10 cts. per line.

DUPLICATES FOR EXCHANGE.—Cocoons and Puy of Eacles imperialis, Actias
luna, Hyperchiria io, Callosamia angulifera (nec Cynthia), Smerinthus excecatus, and
many. others, beside set specimens. Lists exchanged. Miss Emity L. Morton,
Newburgh, New York, Box 228.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committe—WNM. SAUNDERS, Ottawa; J. M. DENTON, London ;
CAPT. GAMBLE GEDDES and DR. BRODIE, Toronto.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

Hor? Ordinary Members.) ay) des apnea uatels pia edele Raa i ale doe oes $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States.... 2.5... .c.c cesses ce I 00
Hor Associate: Members| im Enolandegies seis «sic. fw) ste ale eyaioeiare ine 4s, sterling
Hor Associate ‘Members elsewheres © oxic: o'yieis cis sistas pains oq atialeneerg aera $1 25

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances and other business communications should be addressed to the
Secretary-Treasurer of the Society, W. E. SAUNDERS, 240 Central Ave,
London, Ontario. All exchanges and articles for insertion, etc., to the General
Editor.

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 18 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation.

Annual Reports.—Fifteen have been issued; the back numbers can be
supplied at 50c. each, excepting the three earlier ones, which are out of print.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

Hor ast, insertion, per ancliyy-) stale seis fayatieleretays) « sack nies relate ie letere ate Stetina et $ 1 00
Hor exch subsequent. lasertions : lig. oi swe ay'e og ila, oa ane g ae Pee tit 50
One vineh: Per: Year.) seme vad aelay vely ie a ea neste oe ale Atte, Mie etacals le etait e nantes 4 00
Half page, 1 Fee eai eee bie w, Le) pa Rt ulbin setehon” fejelcaliv Wel si) aile! ilel Slgh eid) eGajmse ss nialala ne jeceuare IO 0O
Whole » V9. 72s WipNe ce Se \iatib. sy « ,o%e) Bali uate nausiteKellenep lel oie e Siie jn. wil teteielaavas wya've tela blo avatie 15 00
Exchange notices of 2 lines, each insertion.........., Eh ddatileGors ty xa ha vonaly 25
Additional matter in exchange notices, per line..............0+.eee>- 10

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 4 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 5 and 6, in packages of 250 each, $1 per 1000, Postage extra. (The
Society is temporarily out of No. 5).

CORK —Double thickness, 30 cts. persquare foot. Postage extra.

LIST OF CANADIAN COLEOPTERA.—Price 15 cts, each, embracing 55

families, 432 genera, and 1231 species (for labelling cabinets),

Printed Numbers, in sheets, 1 to 2000, for labelling cabinets.

Price 10 cts. each set. Postage extra.

ANNUAL MEETING AT LONDON, ON WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7TH.

be

Canadian Entomologist

VOLUME XXXVI.

No. 11.

\\ Na
—

"asi
CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDITED BY

REV. C. J. S. BETHUNES

PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.

a

NOVEMBER, 1894.

' LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,
1894,

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REV. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

For-Ordinary>Memberses's fis arches cates eat eee Ae male oe eee $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States..........-.00.2--0000re I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere..... Tee Ste aL, thle eae I 25

The Fees are payable in advance on the 1st of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian or U. S. Stamps, Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c.

is added for collecting.
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer.

All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
Biches i LOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hali, London, Ont.

All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the

General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

Borseach-mserlion, pers Anch<= fag coreieere sere ena ee citeea G = F5p
One: inch “per {years sy waxed otis ree Se eis te kT oA ee neers eee 4 00
ELAINE apie, say, ie aoe asec, adh aoeme estas Bema ne wcll Se SPR are np ate IO 00
Whole Wide renetsecaiege Sc pckceel mieasiaee sperens, ea tal 31 bale SRM Seat Sie i avake Iaanenener ciota 15 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 25 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less).
Single copies, 10c. each.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALE.

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos. 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos. 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000, Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c.

CORK.—¥ inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
tration fee 5c.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,

Vietoria Hall, London, Ontario.

Ba Oia

Che

anadian Entomologist

NAOT ETA EON I.

No. 12.

CATOCALA RELICTA,

EDITED BY

REV€. £°S.-BEYHUNE

?
PORT HOPE, ONTARIO.

~~ 5 —
ae ae

DECEMBER, 1894.

LONDON:
LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY.
1894.

THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.

Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario.

General Editor—REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE, Port Hope, Ont.
Editing Committee—J. FLETCHER, Ottawa; H. H. LYMAN, Montreal ;
REY. T. W. FYLES, South Quebec; J. H. BOWMAN, London.

ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP.

For Ordinary Memibersii3% 5 suites ae Mae wecwe eae Seana nen $1 00
For Associate Members in the United States..........2.50eceeeeeees I 00
For Associate Members in England and elsewhere.............--s0e I. 25

The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, and
their payment entitles the members to a copy of all the Society’s publications
during the year, including the Illustrated Annual Report made to the Ontario
Government.

Remittances may be made in the form of Express Order, P. O. Order,
Canadian or U. S. Stamps. Cheques on local banks not received, unless 25c.

is added for collecting.
J. A. BALKWILL, Treasurer.

All remittances, business communications and exchanges should be addressed to
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO,
Victoria Hall, London, Ont.
. All manuscript for publication, books for review, etc., should be sent to the
General Editor, Port Hope, Ont.

ADVERTISING RATES.
Payable Strictly in Advance.

FOrveachsinsertion, Pets ICM) tier. evens eo eretaye lanes a crow aren a retoreaeisosrare Shelareae e250
Ore “MEN OK LV Earn sore intancisie sey Meat ene atta rer ee TAO eie ee hasta tee arte 4 00
Foal paren cy hy sis, cvyratetal settee aes Seat theese RertOrsO TE ber oer IC okVOe 10 00
Whole Thies eiraltay slat e/ietn ila volre na twhale¥e stone leteliel emarenvi sites suau) bi lwtabseesa ays) selragh eraliatate I5 00

Canadian Entomologist.—The back volumes 1 to 25 can be supplied at
$1 each and cost of transportation (postage 3 cts. a volume to Canada and
United States, and registration fee 5c. on each package of six volumes or less).
Single copies, 10c. each.

Annual Reports.—1870 to 1872 inclusive are out of print; later numbers
can be supplied at 50 cents each, except the 8th, and 2 cts. postage to Canada and
United States.

SUPPLIES FOR SALE. |

ENTOMOLOGICAL PINS.—Nos, 00 to 5 inclusive, in packages of 500 each;
Nos, 6, in packages of 250 $1 per 1000. Postage 3 cts. per 500, to Canada
and United States, and registration fee 5c. a

CORK.—} inch, 25 cts. per square foot; postage 5 cts; % inch, 15 cts. per
square foot ; postage 3 cts. a foot to Canada and United States, and regis-
‘tration fee 5c.

LIST OF LABELS FOR CANADIAN COLEOPTERA FOR CABINET
USE.—This list is based upon Henshaw’s List of 1885, and the supplement,
1887, and has a synonymical list connecting by number the names of the old
list (after Crotch) to those of the new, in such cases as the change is too
great to allow of the ready recognition of the new name. These lists will
be supplied to members at 25c. per set of 26 sheets, post-paid. Address,

Victoria Hall, London, Ontario.

i)

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, |

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