ae ereaen ty ih heey Bishi ore ere : ; “em ve ing ed cieat tone ie ’ “ = Serine ey We shay et a nee 2 9 te aah eee rey a Bhi ghee Sire ear malar eee eV od Yo tov wt So ererst ne ey ee were on ands Fea eae Bian teth ong Tae mip het woe MBL/Wuoy Me Wet) an; 4 ter ae y OLE J : \ an + Wh he y eit a y oo ” | ‘ rf ot P | Bi, fii: . 7 aha if \ ‘\ { WY r\ 4 ‘7 ‘iy ) x ; 1 j Ley . F my at ’ ra na ‘S i jy 7 aa 4 me A oy iit ah aby) ad hi. 7 ‘as : 5 a a} ve iy ae es ae hy || taney . ’ - 2 tea , > AY Wd f ae Fy tr ' in Ae Se 4 > fore any \ Ay lh a 4 (Nae a i) of Sh) | an Dy OE aa vy Ants A eit’ ah! Raa Sen Neen \ Wy ves i a : (10 Oh 1g ana ey airy why a : i i } | a) ih ey At Canadian Entomologist WOOL UNESseNk weet: DEBIS PORTLAND.A, EDITED BY Rew. Cel SuBethune, AD Cl Pik SG LONDON, ONTARIO. ASSISTED BY Dr. J. Fletcher and W. Harrington, Ottawa ; H. H. Lyman, Montreal; and Rey. Dr. T. W. Fyles, South Quebec. ———__+—~0r + = Dondon, Ont. : The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited, 1899, sl HM 8 Yak asta ae LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO MATSUMURA, PROB. Mase... ...<. McNEILL, | MOFFAT, J. ALSTON NBEDEIANSTAS, Git son. nde: gen IN@ IRR See A Ey Ors... A aietge OROURNGUIE OR. Roo os. ote ss. ects TP ATG ENG Ug 0 912] 01 ea Raia Rv ROWED, Chee Hee To ee QUAINTANCE, A. L REUTER, ENZIO ROBERTSON Oren ie. ooh on logs te SCUDDER, DR. SAMUEL H SKINNER, DR. HENRY SLOSSON, MRS. ANNIE SMITH, PROF, JOHN B. STEVENSON, C......... TINSLEY, PROF. J. D. TREFFRY, J. EVELEIGH RIGOR, Es. Mis ee eh pale eaan a tics he WEBSTER, PROF, F. WICKHAM, PROF. H. YOUNG, CHESTER ecu COA ID KING Cy Oe tiay CC WCET ec OMORC RIG Ine .. EXPERIMENT STATION, THIS VOLUME. ASTEROID) While aS 8 Ae eee eM 4 Gath eae WASHINGTON, D. C. ANID LS Re eh ! Sob LOR COEEINSs | Col RANI S SS NUAVIGIUAUIN sieve geohalo.e. «oes .. WASHINGTON, D. C. TEE TST TRGE 5d DURE 1 Gs LS Gea ee ner a i .SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. BBN. REV. ©. [2 S- (The Editor)... 2. -LOnNpDON, ON’. PREMIO EL IN GV ETE aaNet os. cira 61, << oy RRs ec ro nee NEW YorK. SPAUIO) UTA SINGING gate lee ee cars «2's 2 0 eae erste RWiES UNS 9G EAU TE ERs BRT on Ce ae A ee . LONDON, ENGLAND. GCAREW-GIBSON, E. A... o's, ne iGO lUT Aen sen Ge COGICER PAUL. “PRO: tx ID. AL. .. MESILLA, NEW MEXICO. (COVGNU LU Ep Ol 210 Rid Big OE) cee ee ee! 0.1 hc ceo .. WASHINGTON, D. GC. GORE ROMGA (Reco e foc. ak oe .. WASHINGTON, D. C. DD OHININIUINIG a SeN ree ao oe gs Se oes «ik eee ... HARTFORD, CONN. TOW EAU Com) ee CAC ©IN (Gre 22552 oe eee .. WASHINGTON, D. C. TE THURIGIORRING HIBS UE, Sn Rae RRA MEIS aines cco cco Ulu es men MORO NOR, WaTaiuae (ON e TEV AIS 0) Ite Dae oie oe nich ERE SSI 5 cb. oecies Ole, Erb TRENTON, ONT. IREANDVEIIG. DIMA steele. 4 cts oe Oe OAN DARE CN E Wie ViRSeTCOs ReBRRNGANS Dl Olas Gs, cls, -. 4... cc een .. AMHERST, MASss. PIL JB AR CI RUD Rel DU Reel PANY Do ISS ck con 6 SF e ee OTTAWA. FROIN ETE ROR K OTN EURO) Fl Osa teres Troe oediels | BERKELEY. GAL: MIEN Ge, PAROS (Gs, Hl. sock. ses .. CARBONDALE, ILL. HIN ALES STRING ID Nar SN ee ae OOUlE OUPRnG: (ABS © ING AG a IR EE DIRon. ais Sea Danes) «2 Se ee ae ee OTTAWA. (Gita GA DH es LOS, 21s ean ne ee |e Ae To For? CoOLiins, Cor. CaROWehy eR @ibe pA. Wes eee -HILDRESHEIM, GERMANY. FeLENGINAESTOARIV I meENO ae eo 2 aes heke se Soha bec weet woe ... WINNIPEG. EARRING TON Ws EVAG UE. <: ..OTTAWA. FON IETS La Tete. UREN SSG OOS ERY ae Seen ne x rc eM ce ame, - CARTWRIGHT, MANITORA, HAE AD Ey VIEAUN DN een @) ID IN@ Seed acta lane eee an WASHING ION: (DG: ACES IE PTR 2 NEKO) La bn ley cee ee en nee Pd ger ..5AO PAULO, BRAZIL. JBKONMUAIRIDY ADI RE" ie Oates Oe tna een eee. WASHINGTON, D. C. OUELINTS UNG eae NOI Wise Greys ..COLLEGE PARK, Mp. IRN GS (GIEOL IBS” co CRORES ote eee aR eee See ERAS . LAWRENCE, MAss. SUING AUIS Sa Ear ye) EGU Nore sa scr ede pctcretie: ds ciel ete yee Se CHICOPER, Mass. FSINGAUhS en Wetter sea okesaeiee as! «i. cath shes eee McCPHERSON, KANSAS. ©) CUT AMD alle ON Eg Wises ns: wy cestop atau attra wie = ae GUELPH, ONT, JE NeIVIEASING SISTENT PRG Vi oe ltoe soem c/w fvenntataie rs .. MONTREAL. WDAUR Te Aciedrat, Ge ilisepeear. heres ©. S00 ela enehca sis, = ae WASHINGTON, D. C. .. SAPPORO, JAPAN, .. FAYETTEVILLE, ARK. LONDON, ON?. LAKE FOREST, ILr. MONTREAL. New YORK. MANHATYAN, KANSAS. AGR’L COLLEGE, MICH. FLA. HELSINGFORS, FINLAND. CARLINVILLE, ILL. .. CAMBRIDGE, Mass. PHILADELPHIA, Pa, New York. NEw BrRuNSWICK, N. Jf. MONTREAL. MESILLA PARK, NEW MEXICO, QUEBEC. : TORONTO. WoosTER, OHIO. Iowa Citry, Iowa. ELLENVILLE, N. Y, CAN. ENT., VOL. XXXI. PLATE |. PHOTOGRAPH OF ALEURODES MORI ON UNDER SIDE OF MULBERRY LEAF, ENLARGED ABOUT TWO-THIRDS DIAMETER. The € anadiay Entomologist. Vout. XXXI. LONDON, JANUARY, 1899. No. I. NEW, OR LITTLE KNOWN, ALEURODIDA.—I. BY A, L. QUAINTANCE, ENTOMOLOGIST, FLA. EXP. STATION. Aleurodes mori, n. sp. fgg.—Length, .16 mm. ; width, .o8 mm.; elliptical, curved, light brownish in colour, marked with minute polygonal areas ; pedicel short, about one-tenth length of egg. Larva.—Length, .43 mm.; width, .3 mm., varying somewhat ; shape, elliptical ; colour, whitish or yellowish white. Margin all around dentate, due to the usually short but acute incisions between the closely-set wax tubes. A very fragmentary marginal fringe frequently present ; no sub- marginal rim as in pupa-case. Wax tubes plainly extending mesad four to five times their breadth, then gradually disappearing. Abdominal segments moderately distinct. Eye spots small, reddish. Dorsal tuber- cles and sete usually present as on pupa-case, but those of thorax sometimes wanting. Vasiform orifice, operculum and lingula essentially as in pupa-case. Exuvie from preceding moults frequently remain attached to larva. Pupa-case.—Length,’.7 mm.; width, .55 mm.; shape elliptical, varying somewhat in size and shape. Under hand-lens, shiny black in Colour ; dark brown by transmitted light under microscope. Conspicuous white cottony fringe all around ; wax rods, closely matted together at base, distinctly becoming more separated, giving the outer margin of fringe a ragged appearance. ‘There is a distinct marginal rim of wax tubes, which extend mesad with varying distinctness to the inner margin of rim. Outer margin crenulated, due to the shallow and usually rounded indentures between wax tubes ; rim marked with minute dots. Abdominal segments moderately distinct ; abdomen slightly raised along dorsi-meson, particularly from about the third segment caudad, including vasiform orifice.. Third thoracic segment moderately distinct, straight. A median suture extends cephalad to marginal rim from first abdominal segment, On the dorsum of both mesothorax and metathorax y THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. near dorsi-meson is a pair of small brown setz ; also a pair of sete near vasiform orifice, and on caudal margin of case. This latter pair is usually larger than the others, the sete extending dorso-caudad, some distance beyond the margin. There is a pair of minute sete on the margin of case, one on each side, near the caudo-lateral region. On the fourth abdominal segment on each side there is a group of from four to six minute pores One or two pores are sometimes present on fifth segment on each side, just caudad of those on fourth. Vasiform orifice somewhat elevated, small, sub-elliptical, wider than long. Operculum nearly filling orifice ; cephalic edge straight, lateral and caudal margins parallel with margins of orifice. Lingula rather shori, not reaching margin of oper- culum. Rudimentary feet on ventral surface distinct. Adult.— 2. Length about .8 mm. ; length of front wing, .833 mm. ; width of front wing, .3 mm.; length of antennz about .25 mm. ; length of hind tarsus, .16 mm. ; length of hind tibia, .28 mm. Colour, bright yellow ; tarsi and distal end of tibizw more or less reddish ; eyes deep brownish-red, varying to brownish-black. Wings all around on margin reddish, deepest on cepbalic margin of first pair. First pair of wings spotted with bright red and brownish-black ; two irregular red spots near proximal third, one on each side of the main vein, the smaller spot on cephalic side ; caudal spot irregularly T-shaped. ‘There are three or four brownish-black spots on the distal fourth of wing; one at tip, into which the vein merges, one cephalad, and one caudad of vein, with a fourth sometimes present near vein, somewhat proximad of the others ; a light clouding may also sometimes occur at base of wing just caudad of basal veinlet. Antenne of seven joints. First joint short, sub-conical, not quite one-half length of second ; second joint pear-shaped, somewhat truncate distally, about three-fourths as wide as long; third joint long, slender, slightly longer than the distal four together ; fourth short, cylindrical, about one-half length of fifth ; fifth, sixth and seventh subequal in length ; fifth and sixth sub-cylindrical; seventh somewhat fusiform, tapering distally and bearing a terminal seta. Joint third, and distally, rather minutely ringed. In third pair of legs, femur about three-fourths length of tibia. ‘Tarsus and claw together about three-fourths length of tibia. Distal tarsal joint, excluding claw, four-fifths length of proximal. Mentum three jointed ; proximal joint long, slender, about six-sevenths length of distal two together ; second joint short ; third, about a fourth longer than Q o THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 6 7 ALEURODES MORI, QUAINTANCE. .— Pupa-case, showing structural details. -—Margin of pupa-case, greatly enlarged. . 4.—Vasiform orifice, operculum, and lingula of pupa-case. .—Right fore wing of female. .—Genitalia of male. .—Egg ugg. ,—Lllustrating the polygonal markings on egg, 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. second. Mentum club-shaped, thickest at distal part of second joint, tipped with black. Rostrum short, conical, bearing three long sete. Eyes oblong, constricted somewhat above the centre, giving some- what of a “dumb-bell” shape. Dorsal tubercle (operculum) when elevated and seen in lateral aspect, conical; lingula long, tapering, covered with minute hairs. Operculum, when not elevated, and seen in dorsal aspect, strongly convex, bearing a row of minute hairs on caudal margin ; lingula protruded. reaching considerably beyond operculum. Genitalia acutely conical. Margin of wings delicately beaded all around; beads setate. At base of second pair, on cephalic margin, are seven to nine sete, four of which are usually paired. Median vein of first pair of wings unbranched, extending almost to distal end of wing; nearer cephalic than caudal margin proximad, but curving gradually caudad in distal half, dividing this part approximately in the middle. A short veinlet arises from base, apparently distinct from median, and extends obliquely to caudal margin of wing. Length about .58 mm.; proportionately smaller than female. Geni- talia forcipate ; penis about three-fourths the length of valves ; curved, suddenly enlarged at base. In other respects essentially as in female. This Aleurodid occurs in great abundance on the under surface of the leaves of mulberry (A/orus) at Tampa, Florida. Figure 1, from photo- graph, enlarged about two-thirds diameter, will serve to illustrate this. The insect occurs in some abundance at Lake City, on the leaves of various trees, as Ze/ea Americana, Callicarpa Americana, Liguidamber stracifilua, [lex opaca, and less frequently on Persea Carolina. Under date of April 26th, 1898, Prof. Cockerell sent me specimens of what are doubtless this insect, on a creeper from Kingston, Jamaica. ODOUR OF SAN JOSE SCALE, ASPIDIOTUS PERNICIOSUS. BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. In the many accounts of this insect, I do not recali that attention has been called to the odour that is associated with this insect, and which, in cases of excessive abundance, can be detected at a considerable distance away. Where the air is quiet it is often possible to detect the presence of a badly infested tree a yard away, and I presume that with more acute olfactories, such as insects are supposed by many to possess, even the presence of a more limited number of the scale might be detected at a much greater distance. As ants do not appear to be at all partial to this Coccid, at least in this country, it is not easy to understand what influence this odour can have in the economy of the species. It is possible that, in its native home, this odour might attract other insects and thus afford a means of diffusion, not at present so available to the scale in this country, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 FIVE NEW COCCID. BY EDW. M. EHRHORN, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAL. Ripersia arizonensis, n. sp. @ enclosed in a broadly oval snow-white waxy sac, about 3 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 144 mm. high, sac widest between middle and caudal end. 2 oval, about one-third longer than broad, shiny, light purplish- brown, about 3 mm. long.. When boiled in K. H. O. turns reddish- brown. Derm colourless, with numerous bristles scattered over the dorsum. Antenne 6-jointed: 6 longest, joint 4 shortest; formula, 6, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4. Each joint with several hairs, joint 6 quite bristly. Legs light brown, quite stout. Femur longer than tibia. Tibia very little longer than tarsus. ‘Tarsal digitules long fine hairs. Claw slender and curved, digitules of claw very short and slender. Anal lobes prominent, with very long bristle at tip, and several stout ones on its margins. Anal ring large, with 6 bristles. “7ad.—In ants’ nest on the roots of grass and Artemisia, sp., Camp Thurber, Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona. [This peculiar insect may form the type of a new sub-genus, Cryptoripersia, Ckll., which will be distinguished by the possession of a complete subpyriform brittle sac. The following measurements in p pp will assist in the recognition of Rzpersta arizonensis: Anterior leg: femur, 116 ; tibia, 83; tarsus, 6c. Antennal segments: (1) 41, (2) 33, (3) 33, (4) 25, (5) 33, (6) 61.—T. D. A. CKLt. | Kermes ceriferus, i. sp. @ scale globular, about 4 to 414 mm. in diameter, ground colour brown, shiny, dotted with black spots. Scale completely covered with dirty white wax. Segmentation obsolete, only indicated by black mark- ings. Ventral slightly pubescent. After boiling in K. H. O., derm colourless, with numerous small round glands and brown spots. Antenne very small, joints obscure, last joint with numerous hairs. Legs’ quite stout, claw curved. Larva about twice as long as broad, reddish, turning yellow when dead. Eyes red. Antenne 6-jointed: joints 3 and 6 about equal, joints r and 2 equal, and 4 and 5 equal. Formula (63)(12)(45). Rostral loop reaching half way between last pair of legs and tubercles. Legs large and stout. Tarsus twice as long as tibia. Claw long and curved. Margin of each segment with stout curved spine. Caudal tubercles very large, each bearing one very long bristle and three stout spines. 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Hab.—On Quercus, sp. Walnut Creek Canyon, near Flagstaff, Ariz. Ripersia villosa, n. sp. @ in clusters and single in the crotches of twigs of oak. Sac loosely woven of long white wool, oval, about 2 mm. long and rt mm. broad. ? when removed from sac bright crimson, slightly covered with white powder, skin shiny ; about 1.5 mm. long, tr mm. broad, tapering anteriorly and quite convex dorsally. When boiled in Kk. H. O., derm colourless, densely covered with slender hairs. Antenne light brown ; 7-jointed. Joint 7 longest. Sometimes joint 1 is next longest, but joint 2 is often longer than 1, and in many cases they are subequal; joint 6 usually next, although joint 3 may be longer than 6 ; joint 4 next, often subequal with 5 ; sometimes 3 shortest, sometimes 5 ; 3 and 5 often sub- equal. In fact, the sequence of the joints is quite variable, as is shown in the following antennal formule : 721(36)(45) 7(12)6(45)3 71264(53) 7(12)64(53) Joint 1 is stouter than any of the others. Each joint with hairs, joint 7 with several stout hairs. Legs light brown, large and stout; each joint furnished with one or more rather long bristles. Femur, 80 x 50 p. Tibia, 70 p. Tarsus, 50 ph. Claw, 20 p. Digitules of claw knobbed, moderately short and stout. Tarsal digitules long, fine, slightly knobbed hairs. Tubercles small and rounded, with long stout bristle. Anal ring with six stout hairs. Larva when newly hatched, colour light red, rostral loop extending beyond body. Hab.—On Quercus agrifolia, at Berkeley, California. [This species is probably most nearly allied to Dactylopius Quaint- ancii, Tins., from which it differs in being more distinctly a Apersza in the general appearance of both the antennz and iegs.—J. D. TINSLEY. | Dactylopius formicarii, n. sp. 2 small, broadly oval, slightly covered with powder, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad. Colour yellowish-brown ; when boiled in soda, turns red. Epidemis of dorsum with scattered spinnerets and hairs on thorax ; on abdomen these become more numerous posteriorly, especially the hairs, which are quite numerous on the last 4 segments. Ventrally the long slender hairs are quite numerous on all the segments, but especially so on ~I THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the last abdominal segments. Sides with rows of spinneret spine areas. Antenne 8-jointed in some, 7-jointed in others, nearly concolorous with the body. Joint 8 longest; next is 2, joint r usually next, although 3 may be longer; 5 next, always appreciably longer than 7; 6 may be either shorter or longer than 7 ; 4 always shortest. Many of the antennz are 7-jointed through failure of the 3rd to divide ; the 3rd is always then quite long. Formule: 8-jointed = 82135764. 7-jointed = 7321456. The joints of the antennz bear very long, rather stout, hairs. Legs stout and quite hairy. Femur shorter than tibia. Tibia, 215 p long. Tarsus, 110 » long. Claw rather stout, 37 » leng. Digitules of claw fine knobbed hairs reaching beyond claw. ‘Tarsal digitules long slender hairs. Caudal lobes small, rounding, with one very long (200 ) stout bristle and several shorter ones, also numerous roi glands. Anal ring large, with 6 moderately long hairs. Hab.—In ants nests on the roots of Artem/sia,sp. Thurber’s Camp, Grand Canyon of the Colorado, Arizona. - [Antennal formula approaches that of D. so/anz, Ckll., but the great hairiness of the body and antenne readily separate it from that species.-— J). Linsiey. | Kermes Pettit, n. sp. ? scale about 4 mm. broad, 3 mm. long, and 3 mm. high, dark purplish-brown ; some individuals of a lighter colour and marbled with brown. A distinct longitudinal groove on the meson indicated by a dark line. Surface without minute black specks. Segmentation not very distinct, indicated by rows of black spots plainly seen through a pocket lens. Ventral surface, where it touches the bark, flattened and more or less covered with a yellow secretion. Beak very prominent. When removed from twig scale leaves a whitish powder. When boiled in K. H. O., derm colourless, except numerous brown spots with black centres scattered over the dorsum. Antennz very obscurely 6-jointed, joint 3 apparently longest. Legs very small and stout. Tibia as broad as long, with a stout spine. Femur and tibia about equal. Tarsus nearly twice as long as tibia. Claw straight. fTab.—On Quercus, sp.; Ithaca, N. Y.; sent to me by Mr. R. H. Pettit as K. galliformis, Riley. I take pleasure in naming this species after the collector. Specimens have been examined by Mr. Cockerell, who agrees that they represent a new species. 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PAPILIO AJAX, Vari MARCELLUS, IN* BRITISH: COLUMBIA. I have lately received from Mr. C. De Blois Green a painting, natural size, of a butterfly which is undoubtedly A. Ayax, var. Marcellus. Mr. Burton, the captor, took the specimen on the Cowichan River, near Duncan’s, in Vancouver Island, where he spends part of every summer fishing. It was upon one of these expeditions that the specimen referred to was taken, and another one was seen during the same summer, but not secured. The painting which was afterwards made by his wife is well done, and there is no doubt at all about the species. Mr. Burton formerly collected insects in England, but has not exchanged with any- one in the United States, or even had a collection in his possession for many years. ‘There is hardly a possibility, therefore, that any mistake has been made as to the actual locality where this specimen was caught. A point of considerable interest is, What was the food plant of the larve of these butterflies? ‘The Papaw, which is, as far as I know, the only food plant, does not grow in British Columbia, nor, as far as I am aware, further west than Nebraska. I shall be obliged if any reader of the CaNapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST can give any further information on the food plants of this species, or suggest any prcbable food plant upon the Pacific coast. J. FLETCHER. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW -PSLEOPA, BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. Psilopa petrolei, new species. Black, polished, not light coloured, pruinose except the lower part of the occiput, cheeks and sides of face, which are thinly grayish pruinose ; halteres yellowish, the knobs white. Eyes densely hairy, most approximate at middle of face. Third joint of antenne slightly longer than the second, the spine of the latter not reaching beyond the apex of the antenne. Wings hyaline, tinged with gray on nearly the costal half, except sometimes a spot toward apex of the submarginal cell; apex of second vein nearly twice as far from the first as from the apex of the third vein. Length, 2 mm. Described from eight specimens reared from larve living in crude petroleum near Los Angeles, Cal. Type No. 4,100, U.S. N. M. This descriptjon is published at the request of Dr. L. O. Howard, who has prepared an article on the habits of the insect, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 LIFE-HISTORY, Ob THE. SHEEP) SCAB-MITE, PSOROPTES COMMUNIS. BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO. I am not aware that the full life-history of this insect has been published, though I shall not be surprised to learn that such is the case. In order to know how long a time should intervene between the first and second dippings for the cure of scab, we must know the period of incubation and also the entire time elapsing from the deposition of the egg up to the time that the mite from that egg, if a female, may be itself depositing eggs. These points were determined in a series of experi- ments conducted by the writer one year ago and were reported in a local paper, the ‘“ Fort Collins Courier,” last spring. I took seventy-five eggs from a lock of wool drawn from the back of a badly infested lamb, and, after dividing them in two nearly equal lots, placed them at once on the skin of the backs of two lambs that were not infested with the mites at the time. In order to irritate the surface a little and better prepare it for the little mites that would begin at once to hatch, a lock of wool was drawn in each case from the particular spot where the eggs were placed. Mr. Ball, assistant in my department, made a careful examination of these ‘“‘cultures” once a day until the mites from the eggs were fully grown and themselves laying eggs. At the first examination a few young mites were found, which was to be expected, as a few eggs among so many would be about ready to hatch. At the end of the fourth day all the eggs had hatched. At the end of the ninth day a few individuals were found in copula ; and on the eleventh day eggs were found. As it required four days for the newly deposited eggs to hatch, the entire time elapsing from egg to egg would be fourteen or fifteen days. As there would be eggs in all stages of incubation upon a sheep when the latter is dipped for the cure of scab, I have set the limit of time for the second dipping at not sooner than five days, and not later than ten days after the first dipping. If the second dipping comes at a time out- side this limit, there will probably be eggs upon the sheep again. AMERIA TEXANA, FRENCH. From a comparison with an example recently sent me by Mr. Harri- son G. Dyar, from the Smithsonian Institution, I find that this is synony- mous with Pagara simplex, Walker. Ameria texana will then be known as a synonym, G. H. FRENCH, 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ASPIDIOTUS FERNALDI (CKLL.), Sue-sp. COCKERELLI, Sup-sp. Nov. BY PERCY J. PARROTT, MANHATTAN, KANSAS. 2 scale nearly circular, somewhat flattened, little convex, roughish, dark gray above bark, reddish-brown below bark, 2 mm. diameter; exuvie little exposed, often concealed by whitish secretion, orange, placed to one side of centre ; ventral scale, delicate and white; old scales dark brown, often almost black. Scales are thickly massed. 9? oval, white, marked with irregular light yellow spots; first and second lobes, and margin of last segment, yellowish. Five groups of ventral glands ; median 2 to 5, cephalolaterals 11 to 18, caudolaterals 7 to 18. Two pairs of well-developed lobes; the mesal somewhat oblique, with one notch on lateral margin ; the second pair somewhat angular and inclined to mesal lobes, notched on margin ; dark, unequal processes mesal of mesal lobes and sides of incisions, those mesal of first incision large and conspicuous. (Fig. 9.) ox ° ma eo i} aS 2 ns e e ra 2 4 © = e / ro) ro) 1°} So S Oo °o pies Se fo) Do g —) 2 e [—) °o S ° i>) 2 S > S GC cS) Ss og 198. od e [oYo} 2 m ae 90% . 4 e°o fo) 260 ee Loo} 2 %@ ° e £0) > rf) 2 Ooee o8$o ° SS O26 oho) ° {) %% fone} ° a gt : A Sermalit : : k Manhatie subsp COCKLTCLLL s. Fic. 9.—Characters of female. (Original.) One small spine on lateral of mesal lobes, two conspicuous ones on margin of 2nd pair of lobes and lateral of 2nd pair of incisions, respectively. Plates simple, often undiscernible ; when present, one or two caudad of each incision, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11 Very common under the rough bark on the trunks of maples in Man- hattan, Kans. Collected Sept. 18, 1898. “ The species is closely allied to Aspidiotus Fernaldi, Ckll., which occurs on honey locust in Massachusetts, but differs from it by the narrower, notched, median lobes and the more numerous glands in the groups.” It is with the greatest pleasure that I dedicate this species to Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, who first led me to study the Coccidz, and has given me his valuable assistance and encouragement while studying them. I I am also indebted to him for the quoted passages, which I have taken from his manuscript. Scales were collected from Juneberry in the same vicinity as the maples, which intergrade between the maple insect and Fernaldi. ‘‘ They constantly agree with the maple species in having many glands in the groups, but some have lobes as in the maple species, while others have lobes just as in ernaldi. (Fig. 10.) Some of the Juneberry specimens Q SS) ¢ Ne SCAN ~ Fic. 1o,—Variations of characters of females from scales on Juneberry. (Original.) can only stand as Fernaldi, var., for they differ in no tangible character except the rather more numerous glands in the groups.” The number of spinnerets for the Juneberry specimens are as follows: median, 2-3 ; cephalolaterals, 8 to 18 ; candolaterals, 8 to 13. In exterior appearance the scales resemble the maple specimens, but are not so numerous nor so evenly distributed, being found in small separate clusters, Collected in Manhattan, Kans,, July 23, 1898, de, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A NEW BUTTERFLY FROM UTAH. BY HENRY SKINNER, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Metir#a Marta, n. sp.—Male: Expands 1% inches. Upper side. Primaries. ‘The outer margin of the wing has along its edge about eight brick-red spots ; internal to these is another row of yellow spots, sepa- rated from the former by a very small space. Next comes a row of yellow spots, the first four having an outward curve, and the lower three an inward curve. There then comes a row of quadrate brick-red spots, nearly parallel to the preceding yellow row. At the end of the cell are three yellow quadrate spots. The cell has in it two comparatively large red spots, outlined with black, and having a yellow patch between them and another toward the base. There is also a quadrate yellow spot with concave sides in the space below the third median nerve. The secondaries are marked in a similar manner. Under side. Primaries. These are light brick-red, with two spots in the cell of the same colour encircled with a black line; beyond the cell are three oblong yellow spots; still further toward the tip are two rows of yellow spots edged with black. The lower half of the wing is immaculate, with the exception of a yellow dot below each median nerve. On the secondaries are about six rows of spots, the rows being alternately red and yellow, narrowly edged by black. The female is somewhat larger and darker in colour, having less yellow on it. This species belongs to the Awicia group, but is lighter in colour than the other species, havirfg more yellow spots. The wings are also narrower. The under side is light in colour, similar to Acastus. Described from a number of specimens taken at Park City, Utah, June 26th, 1895, by Prof. A. J. Snyder, and named in honour of his wife, who is an ardent collector and student of the Lepidoptera. A SERIOUS ATTACK ON THE APPLE FRUIT BY ARGY- RESTHIA CONJUGELLA (Ze.t.) IN EUROPE. BY ENRIO REUTER, HELSINGFORS, FINLAND. In the annual reports of the Canadian Experimental Farms for 1896 and 1897, Dr. James Fletcher describes a new apple-fruit pest in British Columbia, caused by the attacks of small caterpillars, viz., the larve of a little tineid moth, Argyresthia conjugelia, Zell. The injuries done by this new enemy, called by Mr. Fletcher ‘‘the apple-fruit miner,” closely resemble those caused by the apple maggot, Zrypeta pomone/la, Walsh, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ie The caterpillars tunnel the pulp of the fruit in every direction, leaving brown-coloured channels with rather large chambers here and there ; this attack thus being easily distinguishable from that of the common codling worm. According to Mr. Fletcher, this apple pest has not previously been noticed in America, and Lord Walsingham, of Thetford, England, that well-known microlepidopterologist, to whom a specimen was sent for determination, states that d4rgyresthia conjugel/a in Europe feeds on the fruit of Pirus (Sorbus) aucuparia, but has not been recorded from Pirus malus. At least no injury of this insect on apples has, as far as I know, until now been observed in Europe. Last summer, however, an apple pest, quite similar to that described by Dr. Fletcher, has been injuriously abundant in Finland, the appie fruits in almost every orchard having been very seriously injured by small caterpillars and often completely spoiled for use. There can be little doubt that these caterpillars are the larve of Argyresthia conjugella, one of our commonest tineids. The unexpected and violent attack of an insect, not previously known in Finland as an enemy to the apple fruit, is peculiar enough, but I think it will be a matter of still greater interest, since we may be able to point out the cause of this phenomenon. The caterpillar, as stated above, ordinarily feeds in our country on the fruits of the Mountain Ash (Sorbus aucuparia), and sometimes also on those of the Bird Cherry (Prunus padus). In 1896 and 1897, especially in the latter year, the Mountain Ashes bore fruits in uncom- monly great abundance, which was an extraordinarily great advantage for the multiplying of the insect. But this summer the fructification of the Mountain Ash, as well as of the Bird Cherry, almost fotad/y failed throughout Finland. The insect could not find its ordinary food, it must try to obtain another, and the egg-laying moths, swarming in immense numbers, ézstinctively flew to the apple trees to lay their eggs. In a letter recently received, Dr. Fletcher informs me that this insect during the past season was again very destructive to fruits in British Columbia, and, although he could not confirm it, he was told that the prunes were attacked as well as the apples. If this were really the case, the fact stated above, that the larve attack also the Bird Cherries, seems to be of considerable interest. 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Prof. M. Matsumura, of Sappora, Japan, has described’ an injury to apples caused by another little tineid belonging to the family ZLavernide, and probably to the species Laverna herellera, Dup. In a foot- note Dr. L. O. Howard® suggests that this insect may be identi- cal with Argyresthia conjugella, and that the Japanese insect has been introduced into British Columbia. ‘To judge from the figures, drawn by Prof. Matsumura, of this Japanese insect, and especiaily of an apple infested by it, and considering, further, the description given by the same author, the Japanese insect certainly does not seem to be identical with our Finnish Argyresthia conjugella. Vhe injury caused by Argyresthia conjugella on the apple fruits, as described above, is, in fact, quite different to that of the Japanese insect. Dr. Fletcher also points out in his letter that the figure given of the Japanese insect and the description of its work do not quite agree with the Canadian Argyresthia. The injury of Argyresthia conjugella is, indeed, a very characteristic one. As this apple pest appears in quite a similar manner in two countries geographically so widely separated as British Columbia and Finland, and as, further, both these attacks are of quite a different nature from that caused by the Japanese insect, we must conclude that the Japanese pest is not identical with that occurring in Canada and Finland. THE BITE OF OTIORHYNCHUS OVATUS. BY JAMES FLETCHER, OTTAWA. Otiorhynchus ovatus is an insect which, during the last decade, has become decidedly more numerous in Canada than was formerly the case. Little seems to be known about its habits. It has been sent to me occasionally with complaints of its attacks upon various crops. Among these may be mentioned injuries to the growing stems of potatoes, and also injuries to fruit in the fruiterer’s shop. The beetles have been also sent in frequently as having been found in considerable numbers huddled together in dwelling houses late inthe autumn. Perhaps the most interest- ing complaint which has been made comes from Prof. W. L. Goodwin, of Queen’s University, Kingston, who writes: ‘‘I send two specimens of a small beetle which caused so much annoyance in camps on Wolf Island, in the St. Lawrence, near Kingston, Ontario, in July last. It attacked us at night and bit with unpleasant severity.” Upon writing to Prof. 1. M. Matsumura. Two Japanese insects injurious to fruits in: Bull. No. to. new series, U. S. Dep, of Agric., Div. of Entom,, Washington, 1898, p. 36-38. 2, Lot. Rites Da are THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a Goodwin for exact particulars, and to the suggestion that he might possibly have been mistaken as to the identity of this nocturnal assailant, the following letter was received ; “As to our experience of last summer, there can be no question as to the guilt of Ot/orhynchus. Iwas awakened several times by the pain of the bite, and caught the culprit red-handed, and having crushed him safely to destroy his powers of locomotion, I laid him in a safe place to identify him the next morning. ‘The bites are very painful, as compared with those of other pests. They itch for a long time, and do not heal sometimes for a week or two. I examined the mouth of our little enemy with a microscope, and concluded that it was a biting mouth and nota piercing mouth. The other members of our camp were also attacked. The beetles were found constantly in our bed clothes, and there can be no doubt, I think, as to this apparently acquired habit.” OND THE* RELAEIONS. OF A SPECGINS Seareiemmannaes Legs much more slender, not very hairy, tarsus I. scarcely shorter or usually longer than tibia I., usually smaller species........... 2. Spurs on leg I. scarcely longer than first tarsal joint; in hind wings usually three or four cross veins basad of radial sector ; tarsus I. about as long as tibia I.; hind wings quite narrow, without large SPOUSES iti iddic we oe owe de ese aeen eens aera mrelagee. Spurs on leg I. as long as first three tarsal joints; in ‘hind wings usually but one cross vein basad of radial sector ; tarsus I. shorter than tibia I.; hind wings quite narrow, without large BR OtS alte fets sorsieis'. sw. 4.2 4 louie Someone cereners etal - aed anreaammeanennage Spurs on leg I. as long as first two tarsal joints; in hind wings about two cross veins basad of radial sector; legs very slender ; tarsus I. shorter than tibia I.; antennze very slender, scarcely clavate ; hind wings broad, with large spots............ Glenurus. No tibial spurs ; first tarsal joint of leg I. as long as next two; in hind wings the cubital fork runs parallel to anal for some distance. . OS OG oa LE RR ee Soins resent: PRE. 2 AL Re aR ree eee In hind wings sabia oe Is very er the sal bent down and not running parallel to the fork; usually but one cell crossed basad of radial sector in fore wings; legs very slender; spurs slender ; first tarsal joint nearly as long as next three ; pronotum slender ; wings with large spots... ........00. . Dendroleon. In hind wings the cubital fork runs satel eile some distance to the anal vein; spurs stouter; Jegs stouter; no large spots on THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 6. The cells basad of radial sector crossed and irregular; a double series of costals almost to the base ; radial sector in hind wings arising before the origin of cubital fork.............Caldinemurus. Cells basad of radial sector rarely crossed, not irregular; rarely a double series of costals before the middle of wing ; radial sector of hind wings often arising beyond origin of radial SECUOM ei acs cragtig ps s+ + 5.) tie MORNE Vicpel see Et LYCVEP LMRUDI LSE Acanthaclisis, Rambur. Our four species of this genus differ somewhat in structure, yet I hardly think sufficiently for a new genus. In A. congener the fork of the cubital does not run into the anal vein of hind wing as in A. fallax. The very stout legs are characteristic of this genus. Myrmetleon, Linné. In our forms there are two groups of species, those allied to JZ, rusticus and those near JZ. zmmaculatus. The species are very close to each other and difficult of separation. Psammotleon, new genus. One series of costals ; radial sector arising near the middle of wing, the anal sector ending before its first fork ; seven or eight transversals basad of radial sector in fore wing, but one in hind wings ; in hind wings the anal vein runs close to the fork of cubitus and then turns away ; hind wings narrow, as Jong as fore wings; palpi short, last joint of labials swollen ; antenne as long as head and thorax ; prothorax about as broad as long; legs rather short and hairy ; first tarsal joint of leg I. short, the spurs about as long as the first four joints together. Type P. tngentosus, Walk. Glenurus, Hagen. Our one species, G. gratus, is very easily known by its beautiful markings ; the slender legs and antenne readily separate this genus from the others of this section. Dendroleon, Brauer. Wings broad near tip, both pairs maculate ; anal vein of fore wings ending slightly beyond origin of first fork of radial sector; about four cross veins basad of radial sector ; cubital fork of hind wings short, soon bent down to anal vein; prothorax slender; legs very slender, anterior tarsus much shorter than tibia. But one species, D. odsoletum, Say. 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Maracanda, McLachlan. No spurs ; anterior tarsus about as long as tibia; legs not slender, rather short ; anal vein of fore wings ends very much beyond origin of first fork of radial sector ; two to four cross veins basad of radial sector ; in hind wings the cubital fork runs parallel to the anal vein for some distance ; costals single or double. Three species, 17. conspersa, signata and Henshawi. Brachynemurus, Hagen. Anterior tarsus nearly as long or longer than tibia I; legs quite stout ; anal vein of fore wings ends beyond the fork of radial sector ; only three or four cross veins basad of radial sector ; in hind wings the cubital fork runs parallel to anal for some distance ; first tarsal joint of varying length ; costals with some forked before pterostigma, often very few. A large genus, but it does not appear to be naturally divisible. L. longicaudus is the type. Calinemurus, new genus. Two series of costals nearly to base of fore wings; anal vein of fore wings ends much beyond the first fork of the radial sector ; the trans- versals basad of radial sector being mostly divided; in hind wings the fork of cubitus runs nearly parallel to anal vein for some distance ; venation in both wings is rather irregular; palpi short, last joint of labials swollen; antenne about as long as head and thorax; prothorax longer than broad; legs quite short, anterior tarsus about as long as tibia; spurs as long as first joint. Male appendages !ong and slender. Type C. californicus, Bks. 8B. fraternus, Bks., also goes in this genus, and possibly &. imscriptus, Hag. I add the description of an interesting new species of Brachynemurus from New Mexico. Brachynemurus tuberculatus, n. sp. Q@. Face yellowish, dark brown between antennz and above, with a narrow line in middle, and one each side extending down towards the clypeus ; above on vertex mostly dark, with a pale spot each side behind ; antenne brown, the second joint paler; palpi pale. Pronotum brown, with an indistinct pale stripe each side ; thorax brown, a pale stripe on each side in front of the base of the fore wings; a pale spot on middle of hind border of mesothorax ; two pale marks near middle of metathorax ; pleura brown. Abdomen brown, Legs pale; apical half of femur brown ; a brown ring on middle and near tip of tibia; and a broad THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. va: brown mark on middle and a small one at tip of tarsus. Everywhere with sparse short white hairs. Fore wings hyaline; veins mostly dark, sparsely interrupted with white, the costals mostly dark, most other vein- lets pale, and with a brown dot near the middle of each; a large mark at end of radial sector; along median vein there is a broad dark, almost black, line, occasionally interrupted ; at end of cubital vein is an oblique dark stripe ; the veinlets near margin of wings are richly marked with dark brown; pterostigma brown basally, yellowish apically, not touching the costa. Hind wings hyaline; veins dark, not marked, except pterostigma fuscous, and a dot at end of radial sector. Palpi rather short ; antenne of moderate length; on vertex there is a prominent conical tubercle each side ; pronotum short, broader than long, narrowed in front; mesonotum with each anterior lobe elevated into a conical tubercle ; abdomen @ shorter than wings; legs rather short, spurs scarcely as long as first tarsal joint. Wings of moderate length, pointed at tips ; hind pair narrow, but little shorter than fore pair; two series of costals in fore wings nearly toorigin of radial sector ; four cross veins basad of radial sector ; anal vein ending near middle of hind margin. Length, 9: abdomen, 17 mm.; fore wing, 20 mm. Mesilla, N. Mexico (coll. Morse). SYNONYMY. Fam. CocCHLIDIONID&, Grote, ex Hubner 1806. = Cochlidia, Hiibn., 1806. : = Cochlidie, Hubn., 1816. = Limacodide, Auct., post 1825. = Eucleide, Dyar, 1894. = Apodide, Grote, 1895. = Heterogeneide, Meyrick, 1895. Family type : Cochlidion avellana (testudo). Gen. CocHLipion, Hubner, 1806. = Apoda, Haworth, 1809. = Limacodes, Latreille, 1825. The above synonymy is proposed as being more correct than the terms employed for the group in current literature. The first plural term is employed by Hiibner and should be retained. I cannot find that Cochlidion is preoccupied. In any event the correct generic title of the type should be used to form the family name. A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, Roemer Museum, Hildesheim. (623 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. OBITUARY Entomologists will learn with deep regret that Mr. Henry G. Hus- BARD died in January last. His papers, such as ‘‘ The Life History of Xenos,” ‘*The Ambrosia Beetles of the United States,” etc., will long be remembered, so remarkabie are they for their scientific accuracy of observation and their extremely interesting character. The following notice is taken from the Detroit /ourna/ - “ Born May 6, 1850, he developed from boyhood a remarkable interest in natural history, and even at an early age showed that fineness and delicacy of observation that distinguished the scientific work of his maturer years. ‘After graduating at Harvard, in 1873, he remained in Cambridge as a graduate student in his favourite scientific branches, especially enjoying the friendship and encouragement of Louis Agassiz and Asa Gray. His real life-work began in Florida in 1879, where he soon achieved a wide reputation, both as a practical horticulturist and asa scientific investigator in the economics of orange culture. In fact, his discoveries and inventions can be said to have revolutionized this branch of horticulture. He was in government employ many years of his life as an expert in biology and applied entomology. As a botanist he carried on in his beautiful estate in Cresent City, Fla., an experimental station for the acclimation of West Indian and other tropical plants. Singularly gifted in that indefinable quality which we call magnetism, he could interest the most indifferent by accounts of his work and discoveries, or if the talk was in a lighter vein, his uniform gaiety and originality lent a charm to his most careless utterances. “As a contributor to the advancement of science, his forte lay in a field peculiarly his own—a field where keenness and delicacy of observa- tion were all-important. His papers read before scientific clubs and associations were models of fine scientific treatment and also unusually interesting to the general public. ‘‘ Lovely in character and a true idealist as man of science or man of affairs, he lived a life equally noble and unselfish. *¢* TTe scarce had need to doff his pride or slough the dross of earth, E’en as he trod that day to God, so walked he from his birth, In simpleness and gentleness and honour and clean mirth.’ cil Wa |S, ne Mailed March 6th, 1899. ‘AYVLOASNI J1EVS0IANSS V € SaLlvId IWAN TOM UNS) ENS) PLATE 4. CAN. ENT., VOt. XXXII. INIOCOATAD YS fay ed OW AV et aN oat = A + j * The wantadiany Entomotoaist Wor. ‘Vou. XXXL LONDON, “APRIL, Beau. No. 4. A SERVICEABLE EN Sie TARY. BY F. M. WEBSTER, WOOSTER, OHIO. With the constantly increasing activity in applied entomology in America, the necessity for rooms or apartments especially adapted for the study of the development of insects is becoming each year more imperative. The insectary has, in fact, become almost as necessary to the working entomologist as has the laboratory to the chemist. While it is especially true in entomological investigations that one must “study nature where nature is,” it is equally true that one cannot, in all cases,-watch with the necessary care and constant appli- cation in the fields that he will be able to do in a fairly well equipped insectary. Not only can forms be transported thousands of miles while in an inactive state and their development watched at close range, as it were, but eggs and larve may be brought in during late autumn or winter and studied through their various stages, frequently long before they have appeared outside ; and in cases of uncommon or unfamiliar forms this will give the investigator a vast amount of information that he can use to great advantage when the species appears in the fields under a natural condition, perhaps months later. In the following it is not the intent of the writer to present an illustrated article on a ‘‘model” insectary, but to describe one that is in actual use, and the evolution of which has been the direct result of that mother of all invention — necessity. When any demand for certain facilities in order to study any particular species of insect has arisen, and this has constantly been the case, the ingenuity of myself and my assistant has been drawn upon to devise the best methods of accomplish- ing this end, and thus our insectary at the Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station has come into existence. The only object in presenting this paper is to place in the hands of working entomologists some ideas in regard to an insectary and its equipment, from which they can deviate as their position and requirements may demand. In other words, it may be used as something to work from in their efforts to get that which will best suit their requirements. 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The insectary proper is constructed much after the plan of an ordinary greenhouse, the walls being made of hollow tile, and the _movable sashes in the roof, for ventilating purposes, are enclosed in dormer-like, wooden frames, covered with swiss or a very thin cotton sheeting in order to prevent the introduction or escape of the most minute insects. A door at one end opens into a workroom, while a window in the roof at the other end is provided with a protected, movable sash like those previously mentioned. Along three sides extends a bench, such as are in use among florists, except that, in this case, it is only about 30 inches in width, to facilitate the close examination of objects at the far side. A portion of the central space is occupied by a reservoir, and originally we had here also a wider bench. Wooden benches were tried at first, but these soon decayed, while, as is well known, the larve of many species remain long in the earth and to disturb them is fatal, so we were obliged to cast about for something more stable to meet these requirements. We are now using, with apparently perfect success, a bench the construction of which is shown in Plate 3 The bottom is of ordinary stone flagging, two inches in thickness, and supported on a framework made of ordinary gas pipe. The upper side of this flagging is deeply grooved, about an inch from the edge, along each side. For the back of the bench ordinary roofing slate is used, the lower edges being fitted into the groove in the stone and embedded in cement, while the upper edges are held in place by a cap of galvanized iron running along the entire length. For the front a heavy galvanized sheet iron is used, the lower edge, as with the slate, fitting into the front groove in the flagging, while the upper is drawn over and turned under the smaller, horizontal gas pipe, the latter being held in place by a T joint, all of which is shown in the background of Plate 3. Before filling the benches, the inside of this galvanized iron front is coated with asphalt. The wider, central bench was discarded altogether and the space enclosed by a low brick wall plastered with cement. This enclosed space is filled with earth and will accommodate shrubs and even small trees. The finished benches, with the whole apartment in actual service, are shown in Plate 4. Formerly we placed soil in the breeding cages, and grew, or tried to grow, the food plants of whatever insects we EE THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ff) happened to be studying therein, but the plants seldom thrive well under such conditions, and the effect on the insects feeding thereon is unsatis- factory and in many cases fatal. Especially is this true where it becomes necessary to transplant from out of doors, as it frequently occurs that we wish to transfer a plant with the larve feeding upon it to a position that will enable the movements of the latter to be carefully studied, Under the new arrangement we can either grow the food plant in the benches or transplant it from the garden or field, place our insects upon it, and cover it with a breeding cage, thus eliminating toa considerable extent the objectional features of the old method. Or if we find an insect attacking a plant out of doors we can place one of the cages of the pattern that we are now using over the plant, and pushing the metal base into the soil deftly inclose the whole within our cage without in the least disturbing ihe insects that we wish to study under the most natural conditions possible. The breeding cage now in use is shown in Figure 25 and also in Plate 4. It consists of a wooden frame of four upright pieces supporting a wooden top and with an upper base also of wood. Three sides are covered with swiss drawn tightly and fastened along the edges by means of galvanized iron strips about one-fourth of an inch in width, and these are in turn fastened to the wood by tinned staples, such as are used in laying carpets and matting. The remaining side is of glass, which is raised and lowered as required, and works in vertical grooves. By using galvanized iron strips and tinned staples the rusting out of the swiss or other cloth covering is avoided. The lower base is also of galvanized iron, and is shown in Figure 26, as is also the wooden bottom which fits inside of this, and can be used when needed, and when not may be readily removed and laid Fic. 25. aside, as it is fastened in place by screws. When used without the bottom it is only necessary to place the cage over the plant or plants and press it down until the metal portion is sunk 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. into the soil. The cage can be used out of doors as well as in the insectary, and without materially affecting the plant or disturbing the insects feeding upon it. When used with the wooden bottom the metallic base raises this above the damp soil, thus preventing the decay of the lower portion of the cage. But “one supply reveals another want,” and we soon found that there was a need of some method of keeping our notes and records con- veniently attached to the proper cage to which they belonged, as well as to protect them from being wetted when- ever the benches were wet down with the hose. This led to the use of a holder of galvanized iron with a sliding glass front, Fic. 26. fastened to the cages as shown at the left in Figure 25, and also in actual use on the cages in Plate 4. The holder is two by three inches, the sides turned over, and one end over these, while the other end is left a little longer and rounded, with a small hole to pass over a small nail or brad, while the other end is held by a small screw- eye, such as are used on picture frames to which to attach the ends of the cord or wire. The note sheet is folded the proper size and placed in the holder, and the rather close-fitting glass slide pushed in over it. The sheet is so folded that all of the notes will come on the same side, and each space or page is consecutively numbered, and, being all of a uniform size, these sheets when filled or the record finished, can be filed away for permament preservation. ‘This holder cannot easily become detached from the cage to which it is fastened, the notes are preserved from being injured by wet, the galvanized iron does not rust them, and the last record can always be seen through the glass cover without removing it from the cage. With slight modifications, this holder can also be used out of doors on shrubs and trees. For this purpose, what shows as the lower end in Fig. 25 is cut square off and a similar triangular piece is soldered to the back of the upper end to accommodate a fine wire which is used not only to attach the holder to the object, but the end running downward along the back is hooked over the lower end of the holder, thus effectually preventing the glass slide from being shaken out by the action of the wind. On cages outside, it is of course used in the same way as in the insectary. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. iar SIX NEW OTTAWA PROCTOTRYPIDA:: BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. The following descriptions of species which appear to be additicns to our fauna were prepared more than a year ago, but were withheld in the hope that more material’might be obtained last season. That hope was, however, not fulfilled ; largely, perhaps, be it confessed, through lack of sufficient perseverance on the part of the writer in collecting : 1. LYGOCERUS PALLIPES, N. sp. ?.—Length 1.5-2 mm. Black, finely punctulate and sparsely pubes- cent. Mandibles and palpi yellowish; antenne black, except the scape at base and beneath ; scape stout, first joint of flagellum about half as long as scape, second as long as pedicel, remaining joints subequal. Legs, including coxz, yellow. Wings subhyaline, stigma large, yellow. Abdomen stout, pointed at tip. ¢.— Antenne with joints three to seven dentate; joints eight and nine broadened, two terminal joints slender. Described from two females and one male captured near Hull, Que., on 2nd, 7th and r4th August, 1897. 2. CERAPHRON CRASSICORNIS, Nn. sp. ?.—Length 2 mm. Honey-yellow, finely pubescent and closely finely punctate. Head large, transverse; face not deeply excavated ; vertex with impressed line ; ocelli black, in very small triangle; antennze much incrassated, black, except base of scape, which is honey-yellow ; scape stout, reaching above ocelli, tapering from base to about middle ; pedicel short, first joint of flagellum twice as long and much stouter, second joint less than one-half as long as first, joints three to seven sub- equal, slightly larger than thick, last obconic not much larger than pre- ceding. Thorax with distinct median furrow; the sutures at base of scutellum with large punctures ; posterior margin of scutellum and the postscutellum black, the latter with a strong truncated spine; pleura transversely striated. Legs rather stout, entirely honey-yellow. Wings narrow, abbreviated, reaching only to middle of first abdominal segment. Abdomen stout, acuminate at tip, which is brownish dorsally ; first seg- ment with deep and long striz, black on anterior margin. This is a large and very distinct species, of which only one female has as yet been taken. 78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3. APHANOGMUS SALICICOLA, N. Sp. ?.—Length 1.5 mm. Black shining, but with head and thorax microscopically punctate. Thorax strongly compressed laterally, not more than one-half as wide as the large transverse head. Face polished ; antenne clavate, with scape and flagellum piceous, outer joints of club black ; first joint of flagellum as long as pedicel ; second shorter ; three to five small, transverse ; six and seven enlarged, subquadrate ; terminal joint stout, longer than the two preceding, and rounded at apex. Legs piceous, with the tarsi pale. Mesothorax with hardly perceptible im- pressed line; pleura polished ; scutellum elongate and constricted at base, tip slightly projecting ; tegule black; wings faintly yellowish, costa brownish, stigmal vein yellow, almost twice as long as marginal, oblique, slightly curved at outer end. Abdomen short. 3g .—Antennz about as long as body, pedicel short and stout, first joint of flagellum twice as long, second slightly shorter than first, joints three to eight about one-half shorter and gradually stouter, last joint elongate oval as long as first ; basal joints subpedicellate with long hairs. Described from one female and two males bred from galls of a Cecidomyiid, on willow. 4. TELEAS CANADENSIS, N. sp. ¢.—Length 1.7mm. Black. Front smooth; orbits with fine striz, cheeks and lower portion of face striated, clypeus transversely striated ; a finely punctured band behind the ocelli, occiput smoother, margined ; mandibles stout, rufous. Antennze about as long as the body, moderately stout and finely pubescent ; scape reaching to ocelli, pedicel scarcely longer than thick, first joint of flagellum more than one-half as long as scape, second slightly shorter, remaining joints subequal, about one-half as long as first. Mesonotum at sides and base longitudinally striated, smoother medially, with some large scattered punctures, suture at base of scutellum crenate, scutellum rugosely sculptured, spine short and horizontal ; tegule piceous, wings subfuscous, legs piceous, femora and coxee darker, trochanters, knees, and tibie rufous; pleura striated and rugosely sculptured, the mesopleura smoother centrally. Abdomen short, first and second segments striate, third finely aciculated basally, irregularly longitudinally punctured toward apex. One male taken at Hull, Que., 26th August, 1894. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 79 5. BARYCONUS CINCTUS, DN. sp. @.—Length 1.8 mm. Black, with third abdominal segment and the legs rufous or yellowish. Head and thorax closely punctulate and almost opaque ; face polished, with a delicate central carina; lower cheeks and face below antennz with striz converging to mouth ; mandibles yellowish, palpi white. Antenne black, except base of scape, which is rufo-piceous; pedicel small, first funicular joint twice as long as pedicel, second one- third shorter than first, third as long as pedicel, fourth small, subquadrate ; club compact. Mesonotum without furrows ; mesopleura with striz con- verging toward pectus ; metathorax rugosely sculptured. Wings hyaline, pubescent ; marginal vein thickened, as long as stigmal. Legs, including coxee, honey-yellow ; the anterior cox varying to subpiceous. Abdomen subfusiform, longer than thorax and head, black at base and apex; third segment and part of second rufous ; horn reduced to a polished convex- ity ; first and second segments coarsely striate; remainder of abdomen closely finely punctulate. Described from three females captured roth and 29th August, 1894, by sweeping the low herbage of sandy pastures within city limits of Ottawa. Superficially this species resembles Opzsthacanta mellipes, Ashm., but is readily distinguished by the absence of mesonotal furrows and of the metascutellar spine. 6. BARYCONUS BICOLOR, DN. Sp. ?.—Length 1.8 mm. Honey-yeilow, with black head. Vertex finely punctulate, face polished, lateral ocelli almost touching eyes, mandibles and labrum pale. Antennz with scape and pedicel pale yellowish, the latter small, hardly longer than thick ; funicle and club black ; first funicular joint twice as long as pedicel, second one-third shorter, third as long as pedicel, fourth small transverse ; club consisting of six joints subequal in length. Mesonotum punctulate and pubescent, with faint furrows. Wings faintly yellowish, pubescent, with long ciliz on costal margin; usually hardly reaching to apex of third segment of abdomen, but in one specimen more fully developed and extending almost to tip of the abdomen. Legs yellow, the knees sometimes darker. Abdomen longer than head and thorax ; first and second segments striate, third segment almost quadrate, very highly polished, but faintly micro- scopically punctate, as are also the terminal segments, which, however, are more opaque. 80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The apex of the horn, which is not prominent, is always black, as are also the apical segments, including about half of third sezment. ¢.—Closely resembles ? in coloration. Scape and pedicel pale, the latter short, first funicular joint fully twice as long ; second, third and fourth shorter, remaining joints subequal with the first, except the termina] joint, which is slightly longer and slJenderer. Described from nine females and five males captured with the pre- ceding species. They were taken by sweeping the grass around open sandy patches, intermixed with some small, closely-cropped raspberry bushes. Although apparently abundant on that occasion, I have not since been able to obtain the species. This insect resembles a small Cadloteleia Marlattiz, Ashm., but the head is always entirely black, and the antenne in both sexes are very distinct from those of that species ; in the % they are much more slender, with the joints more elongate. THE NORTHWEST (CANADA) ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. All entomologists in the Eastern Provinces of Canada will assuredly be gratified to learn that an Entomological Society has been formed, and is in active operation, in the ‘ Northwest.” The following are the officers : President, - - Percy B. Gregson, Esq. Vice-President, - Rev. Edward John Chegwin, B. A. Librartan-Curator, Arthur Douglas Gregson, Esq., J. P. Treasurer, - - Percy B. Gregson, Esq. Among the members may be mentioned: Mr. James J. Brewster, Banff, Alberta; Mr. W. A. Brewster, Edmonton, Alta.; Frank Oliver, Esq., M. P., Edmonton; T.N. Willing, Esq., Olds, Alta.; Right Rev. the Bishop of Calgary and Saskatchewan ; John A. Simpson, Esq., M. L. A., Innisfail, Alta.; F. H. Wolley Dod, Esq., Calgary ; A. G. Wolley Dod, Esq., Secretary of the Fish Creek Agricultural Society; Dr. H. George, Vice-President of the Innisfail Agricultural Society ; Wm. Post- hili, Esq., J. P., Vice-President of the Red Deer Agricultural Society ; John J. Young, Esq., Editor of the Calgary Herald; James H. Tomlin- son, Esq., and about thirty-five others who are engaged in agriculture. The labours of the Society are to include Botany, Geology and other. branches of Science, as well as Entomology. Communications should be addressed to the President, Waghorn P. O., Alberta. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 hte COLE OPTERAGORVGANAD A: BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. XXXII. SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS TO EARLIER PAPERS, The following notes relate in large part to additions recently made to the Canadian fauna through the activity of collectors in the Dominion. Several species which their possessors were unable to identify by means of the tables have been submitted to me, and, proving new to the Canadian lists, are incorporated in these pages, that students may have access to the descriptions. The families are taken up in the order of their treat- ment in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. COCCINELLIDA. In this family a great number of additions, comparatively speaking, have been made. Some of these are first recorded in Dr. Horn’s memoir, entitled ‘‘Studies in Coccinellide,” published in Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., Vol. XXII. Among them may be noted Sm/ia misel/a and several species of Scymnus. Smilia is substituted for Pentidia, hitherto employed in our lists ; and the Canadian species, S. mise//a, Lec., is the smallest Coccinellid known from the region, measuring only .o4 inch in length. It is shining black, not pubescent, convex, prothorax a little narrower than the elytra, smooth, sides not explanate. Elytra distinctly punctured, suture finely margined. Behind the front angles of the prothorax is an indistinct obliquely impressed line. Dr. Leconte states that it is some- times abundant on flowers of Zhadictrum. It is more than probable that S. marginata, Lec., wiil also be found in Canada, in which case it may be recognized by the obliquely impressed thoracic line being distinct and the surface punctate. Both are about the same size. In the genus Lrachyacantha 1 have received two species not hitherto recorded from Canada. Mr. John D. Evans sent a specimen of L. g-punctata, Melsh., taken in Eastern Ontario. Without reference to the generic characters this insect would probably be placed in Hyper- aspis, but the anterior tibiz have a spine on the outer margin. It is about the size of &. ursina, black, the tibize and tarsi pale. Each elytron bears two round reddish or orange spots, one basal, one sub- apical; these spots being separated from the suture by a space about equal to their own diameters. The male has besides a narrow anterior thoracic marginal line and humeral elytral spot yellow. From Mr. R. J. 82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Crew I have BL. dentipes, Fabr., captured at Toronto. It is larger than the foregoing, reaching sometimes a length of .22 inch or more. Colour black, legs wholly or in part pale, head either black with yellow frontal spot (2), or yellow (¢); the thorax has the sides broadly marked with the latter colour. Elytra with a broad orange or yellow band slightly before the middle, extending from the outer margin nearly to the suture, while near the tip is a rounded spot of the same colour. The markings are variable in extent, but the above description applies to the Canadian Fic. 27. form (see Fig. 27). In my paper on Coccinellide (number V. of this series) the genus Scymuus was not tabulated out, as the species were very poorly deter- mined in collections, and Dr. Horn had just begun the study of them with a view to revision. A short time before the appearance of his paper (cited above) he kindly sent me a synopsis of the Canadian forms known at the moment, and this, with some changes and additions, I append below. Most of the Scymnz are broadly oval in outline and quite convex, giving them a nearly hemispherical appearance. A few are more elongate, and present a broken outline at the point of meeting between the prothorax and elytral humeri. All are pubescent. They are found by beating and sweeping during the warm months, while in spring and fall they may be captured on the under sides of stones or of pieces of wood in grassy spots. Before attempting to trace the species through the use of a table, the student should familiarize himself with the structure called the meta- coxal line. This is situated on the first ventral abdominal segment, appearing in most species as a fine raised line, describing a curve or arc behind the posterior coxal cavity, reaching from the inner border of the coxal to the neighbourhood of the outer anterior angle of the segment. It is very readily seen by means of any fairly good hand lens, but it is often necessary to move the hind leg on one side, so that the knee is directed straight backwards, otherwise the structure is obscured or covered up. Perhaps the reference of |S. ferminatus to Canada may be open to doubt, but since the record is existent I have included it in the table. A. Metacoxal line not forming a complete arc, either joining the first ventral abdominal suture, or running parallel to it outwardly. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 83 b. Elytra with one or more yellowish spots. Form oval. Head black or yellowish, thorax black, sides and front margin sometimes yellowish, tibize and tarsi always so. Elytra black, with an oval yellow spot on ; each, one-third from apex, equally distant from side and suture. | 06—.08" 10! J. tenets so. ave rons, Nels: Form elliptical. Blackish, each elytron with two obliquely oval yellowish spots, sometimes coalescent. Legs red- dish. .o8—.og in. take Sis .ornatus, Lec. bb. Elytra not spotted, Bat with apex eycllaw: ate colour extend- ing one-fourth or one-fifth along the suture. General colour piceous, head, legs and thoracic margin yellow, abdomen usually so, two basal segments sometimes dark. SOOO GIT vince sec su o/s «cg UN ett ec LER MLEMRGLIS, AY. AA. Metacoxal line forming a complete arc, beginning at the inner edge of the hind coxal cavity, thence describing a curve and ending nearly at the anterior angle of the segment. c. Form broadly oval, outline of sides of thorax with humeri nearly continuous. Elytra never with discal spot, apex often yellow. d. Elytra pale at apex, sometimes narrowly so. e. Apical pale space of elytra about one-fifth the length of the suture. Head yellowish, thorax piceous, with a very wide yellow margin. Elytra black, except as stated; abdomen piceous, paler at sides and tip ; legs reddish- yellow.” :0G0ipewe st. 2: ss. [Tarevnius, ec ee. Apical pale space narrow. f. Thorax partly black above. Colour black, sides of thorax yellowish, less broadly than in the next species. Elytra with narrow apical pale space, abdomen often indefinitely paler at sides and tip, legs pale, femora more or less piceous. First ventral of male with median smooth area surrounded by short pubescence. .o8— {TOMER een Auncticoliis, Lec. 84 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Resembling the preceding species, head and thorax yellow, the latter with median basal spot of variable size. Legs reddish yellow, femora not piceous. First ventral of male without median smooth space. .o8-.09 in. cod/aris,Melsh. ff. Thorax entirely yellowish above, prosternum partly yellow. Head, tip and often also the sides of abdomen, with the legs, of the same colour, rest blackish. .06-.09 In...... ysis. cervicalis, Melsh. dd. Elytra entirely black. Thorax without yellow margin, tibize and tarsi usually pale, femora more or less piceous. Size moderate, metacoxal line at apex of curve nearly reaching the suture between first and second ventrals. .o8-.1o0 in...../acustris, Lec. Size small, metacoxal line forming an arc, scarcely half as long as the first segment of abdomen. ‘05.0000 saan pee i Ae ga punctum, Lec. cc. Form oblong oval, more than one-half longer than wide. Thorax narrower than elytra. Sides nearly straight, except near front angles, where they are arcuate. Black, each elytron with a small oval reddish spot near centre, sometimes wanting. Legs dark. .06 in...punctatus, Melsh. The name emorrhous does not occur in the above table, since it is considered a synonym of /raternus. The spotted species, ornatus, flavifrons and punctatus, are quite rarely seen in collections. Formerly the specimens of Coccidu/a from both sides of the conti- nent were referred to /epida, Lec., as it was thought that the difference in colour was merely varietal in character. However, Dr. Horn has separated them as follows, both species being yellowish-red (or a bleached derivative) above, and piceous below, with the markings now described. The head is piceous, the legs yellowish. Elytra with basal transverse piceous band, which joins at the humeri with a lateral stripe of the same colour reaching about two-thirds to apex. Suture with a blackish stripe connecting the basal band with a cordi- form spot which is situated one-third from apex, .12 inch. This is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 the Western form, found in Vancouver Island and British Columbia. It has the first two abdominal segments piceous, the rest yellowish, and is the species which I incorrectly called /epéda in my paper (CANS ENT. (Ol XVI... p.. 305) ayers socctaentaiis Horn: Elytra as in preceding, except that there is no sutural stripe connecting the basal band with the spot, which is transversely oval, not cordiform. The middle portions only of the first and second ventrals are piceous. Size of the other species. Found in the BASteT MCP rOMINCES those bi... 1... daar Ree aes Dav cyda AEPTE Ge Ibees ENDOMYCHID2. Quite recently I have received from the Rev. Geo. W. Taylor, a number of specimens of Aphorista /eta, Lec., a most beautiful insect of this family. He took them at his home near Nanaimo, Vancouver Island. It is more than likely that the insect will be found also on the mainland of British Columbia, and the following descrip- tion will render it easy of recognition, since the form is unmistakable and closely resembles that of the other species of this and allied genera. It is .28 inch. long, _ yellowish-testaceous, antennz blackish, terminal joint more or less pale. The prothorax bears two small black spots, one on each side before the middie, and the elytra have a very large common blue spot which covers most of the surface, leaving only the humeri, side margins and apex pale. It is shown in Fig. 28. Another nice species has been sent for determination by Mr. John D. Evans, who took it in Eastern Ontario. It is MWycetina testacea, Ziegl., a small, yellowish-testaceous beetle, of more elongate form than either perpulchra or Hornit, The antenne are piceous, but otherwise the colour is quite uniform—aside from a tendency of the sides of the pro- thorax to become a little paler than the disk. It is distinctly shining above, notwithstanding the covering of yellow pubescence. Length, .15 inch. Mr. Evans writes that he has only a single specimen, taken near Trenton in 1884. The style of coloration (by lack of all pattern) is so different from that of MW. Hornii and M. perpulchra, the previously-known northern forms, that the present species would not fall into the genus (nor any of the other genera) by the scheme which I used in the generic synopsis on 86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. p- 338 of the Canapian EntTomo.ocist, Vol. XXVI. The fault may be corrected by changing the wording of the division ‘‘ccc” so that it may read ‘‘ Thorax reddish or testaceous, elytra entirely testaceous or black, with two reddish spots on each.” CHRYSOMELID&. Mr. R. J. Crew has collected, at Toronto, two species of Zeugophora not included in the Society’s lists nor in my paper. Since these additions (Z. Kirbyi and Z. scutedlaris) raise the total number of Canadian forms to five, it will be as well to reproduce in part the table recently published by Dr. Horn in Trans. Am. Ento. Soc., XIX., which runs thus: A. Body, as seen from above, of one colour. techy black) o:00 4. feasm escam oaks ol eee: .. 25 CLOTS ence mntirely yellowish. ccc. .2 ccc scenes ep eRe a 2 2+ DOOM tale AA. Body above bicoloured. b. Elytra entirely black. Head entirely yellow, punctures of elytra large and more distant than their diame- ters... Be ahs ete) Soko ue ae: east aS EERECLAELEC ES. UE: bb. Elytra carne ehigarene Thorax entirely yellow, elytra with a cordiform discal space, the suture narrowly and the side margin yellow. outer half of antennz ae as the elytral punctures VeLy. CLOSE cue ees Te ..puberula, Cr. Thorax with a discal piceous area arvided at middle by a yellow line, elytra with a common oval or cordiform spot and the apex pale. Antenne pale..varians, Cr. All the species are of nearly the same size, running from about .13 to .16 inch. in length. The name Kirby: replaces Reineckei of the check-list. A figure of Z. varians is here given (Fig. 29), which will show the form of the genus. — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 THE, ODOUR OF COC€CID. BY PROF. W. G. JOHNSON, COLLEGE PARK, MD. I have been much interested in reading the notes upon the odour of scale insects by Professors Webster and Cockerell in the January and February issues of this journal. During my inspections in orchards and nurseries I have frequently detected the odour emitte by Aspidiotus perniciosus, mentioned by Webster, especially where the trees were badly infested, and have wondered what relationship it bore to the species. I have detected the most pronounced odours, however, in the genera Chionaspis and Lecanium. The odour produced by the Euonymus scale, Chionaspis euonymi, is very unpleasant to some persons. It is most marked upon badly infested, freshly cut twigs. If they are left in a tightly closed room for a few hours, the air will become very foul. When the scales are scraped or disturbed the odour is very offensive. The foulest of all odours emitted by scale insects, with which I have any knowledge, is that produced by Lecanium nigrofasciatum, recently described by Mr. Theo. Pergande (Bul. 18, Div. Ent. Dept. Agr.). It is popularly called the peach Lecanium, but I prefer to cal] it the terrapin scale on account of its close resemblance to that familiar animal. I am not sure, however, but that the term stinking scale would not be more appropriate, as it is certainly the most nauseating creature I have ever smelt. During the past week I was able to determine, specifically, by the scent with unerring accuracy specimens of this insect upon wild goose plum enclosed in a pasteboard box, wrapped with paper, sent through the mail for my examination, without opening the box. Two years ago I saw a seven-year-old peach orchard in Worcester County containing about 1,500 trees that was very badly attacked by this pest. The orchard was examined in September, and the whole atmosphere at that time was charged with this repulsive odour, which could be detected many rods away. ‘T:wo other cases came under my observation last fall in the Blue Ridge Mountains, in Washington County. One orchard, eleven years old, containing about goo peach trees, had become so com- pletely overrun by this insect they were of no commercial value. The most repugnant smell emanated from this orchard that I ever encountered. The other orchard, peach also, contained 600 six-year-old trees, all of which were in the same general condition. When these insects are crushed or rubbed with one’s finger the odour is very sickening, and can be detected on one’s fingers even after repeated washings. Whether or not this odour is for the purpose of attracting the male I 88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. am not able to say, but I am inclined to think that it is not, especially in Lecanium nigrofasciatum. As this insect reaches considerable size, and remains upon the tree over winter, exposed, as a partially matured creature, it seems to me that the foul smeli is for the protection of the species from the attacks of birds. On the other hand, I do not think this theory applies to A. fperniciosus or C. euonymi, as neither of these species are sufficiently large to be attractive or available as food for birds. The odour here, therefore, may be for sexual purposes, or for attracting other insects. The former would hardly seem probable, because the sexes are found upon the same twigs, and we should not suppose the male would have any great difficulty in finding the female. WEST AFRICAN MOTHS. In the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, XXVI., pp. 69, 70, Mr. Geo. A. Ehrmann described as new three West African moths. Very recently this gentleman has been so obliging as to forward his types to me for examination. I should like to put on record a few observations on them for the benefit of students of the African fauna. 1. Syntomis hilda, Ehrm. This should stand Ceryx hilda with seminigra, Holl., as synonym, and not as it does on page 46 of Hampson’s monograph. 2. Syntomis abdominalis, Ehrm. This belongs to the Zygzenidz (by the table of families in Cat. Lep. Phalene, I.), and should be erased from page 141 of Hampson’s mono- graph. In Vol. I. of the Moths of India it falls into the genus Zasema, Walk., but yet differs obviously from that in wing shape. The fore wings are long, the outer margin very oblique, the hind wings small and narrow, quite characteristically Syntomid, which doubtless explains Mr. Ehrmann’s erroneous reference. 3. Lachypasa Nasmythii, Ehrm. This is a true Lasiocampid and falls in the genus Zaragama by the table in the Moths of India. Female... Fore wings moderately broad, somewhat pointed at the apex, the outer margin oblique. Discal cell of both wings short ; fore wings with veins 6 to 8 stalked, 9 and ro ona separate long stalk ; hind wings with vein 3 shortly stalked with 4 and 5 ; intercostal cell as long as discal cell, separate from it except at basal third, and with one distinct humeral vein in the moderately sized lobe. Palpi just reaching the frontal tuft; antenne shortly pectinated ; hind tibize with small termina! spurs. Harrison G. Dyar, Washington, D. C. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 89 NEW, OR LITTLE KNOWN, ALEURODID.—II. BY A. L. QUAINTANCE, BIOLOGIST, GA. EXPT. STATION. Aleurodes graminicola, n. sp. Ligg.—Size,.25 X.13 mm.; uniformly brownish in colour; unmarked ; oblong, truncate at base; pedicel short, attached to one corner; eggs held nearly upright on leaf by short pedicel and truncated end. Larva.— Length, .7 mm. ; width, .3 mm.; oblong-elliptical in shape ; colour, yellowish-white ; eye spots reddish. There is a marginal fringe all around of white cottony waxen threads. No marginal rim, and but faint crenulation. In other respects, essentially as in pupa-case. Pupa-case.—Length, 1 mm.; width, .46 mm.; in shape, oblong- elliptical. Under hand lens, yellowish-brown in colour, with a stripe of dark brown, more or less interrupted, along dorsi-meson. Pupa-case slightly raised from surface of leaf by a vertical fringe of white waxen rods. A rounded keel extends along dorsi-meson, more pronounced caudad. No marginal fringe of wax-rods, as in larva; marginal rim very narrow and indistinct. Outer margin of case rather minutely crenulated, the incisions between the wax tubes shallow and usually acute. Abdominal segments quite distinct along middle line, but gradually fading towards the margins. Second thoracic segment distinct near dorsi-meson ; third thoracic segment distinct, sinuate, extending nearly to margin on each side. A median suture extends cephalad from third thoracic segment to margin of case. On cephalic segment ts usually a pair of reddish pigment spots, varying much in position and shape. Dorsum destitute of sete, except a small seta on each side of vasi- form orifice. A pair of well-developed sete extend caudad from caudal margin of case; also a pair of very minute setz on caudo-lateral margin, a seta on each side. On each side of keel, along dorsi-meson, are large depressions or pores, usually a pair to each abdominal segment, situated near cephalic margin of segment. The orifices of these are irregularly toothed or lobed, except on cephalic margin, which is formed by caudal margin of the pre- ceding segment. Vasiform orifice, cordate, about four-fifths as wide as long ; the inner lateral margins are somewhat corrugated. Operculum not quite one-half length of orifice, about two-thirds as long as wide, and covered with minute spines, thicker and longer on caudal margin. Lingula somewhat spatulate, extending about three-fourths length of orifice ; thickly set with 90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. short spines, thicker and longer on distal end, where it terminates in two small lobes. From the ventral surface of distal end of lingula arises a pair of upward curving sete, extending caudad almost to caudal margin of vasiform orifice. On ventral surface, rudimentary feet distinct. Adult g.—About .8 mm. long to tip of genitalia ; length of front wing .8 mm.; length of antenne about .516 mm. ; length of hind tibia .3mm.; length of hind tarsus and claw .166 mm. Body uniformly greenish-yellow ; wings immaculate; eyes reddish, distinctly divided, larger part ventrad. Antenne of seven joints. Joint 1, short, obovate, one-half length of second ; joint 2, somewhat club-shaped, and obliquely truncate distally ; joint 3, long, cylindrical, slightly longer than 1 and 2 together ; joints 4, 5 and 6 together, about equal in length to joint 3 ; joints 5 and 6, subequal in length, and one-third thicker than joint 4 ; joint 7, very long and tapering, being about equal in length to joints 3, 4, 5 and 6 together ; joints 3, 4, 5 and 6 are rather coarsely ringed, joint 7 minutely spined. On third pair legs, femur about two-thirds length of tibia ;- tarsi five-ninths length of tibia. Mentum much reduced, about as long as middle tarsi, excluding claw, slender at base, enlarged distally, and tipped with dusky. Operculum, in dorsal aspect, sub-rectangular in out- line, somewhat concave on caudal margin, which is minutely setate. Lingula cylindrical, and truncate distally, but spreading at base, extending caudad beyond margin of operculum, somewhat more than length of operculum. On the truncated end is a group of sete. Penis slender, tapering, curved upwards, about two-thirds length of valves ; valves rather short, stout, clasping at tip. On last segment of abdomen at base of each valve is a short fleshy protuberance. Wings delicately beaded all around ; median vein of fore wing extending nearly to tip of wing; basal veinlet apparently arising free from median vein, extending obliquely to caudal margin. Adult 2? .—Unknown. Collected on an undetermined grass, July 24, 1898, at Lake City, Florida, by Prof. P. H. Rolfs. Aleurodes Rolfsit, n. sp. Pupa-case.—Length, .72 mm. ; width, .45 mm. ; varying somewhat ; regularly elliptical in shape, raised on vertical fringe of white, waxen rods. Colour, clear whitish, with more or less of brownish frequently along dorsi-meson ; the inclosed pupa is yellowish, with eyes reddish. Margin THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 91 all around minutely crenulated, the indentures between the marginal wax tubes usually rounded and shallow. There is a very narrow submarginal rim formed by the wax tubes. Marginal fringe wanting. Abdominal segments moderately distinct ; a straight mesal suture extends cephalad to margin, from first abdominal segment. Four pairs of browish coloured sete are usually present near the dorsi-meson ; a pair on the prothorax ; a pair on first abdominal segment ; a pair at vasiform orifices, and a pair on caudal end of case, just within the submarginal rim. The cephalic two pairs are usually smaller than caudal pairs. The caudal pair is well developed, the setee projecting dorso-caudad some distance beyond case. There is a pair of minute sete on the margin of case near the caudo- lateral region. Dorsum with numerous pores and papille, from which arise long, curved, tapering, waxen rods. The papille are in a sub- marginal row all around, rather closely set, there being sometimes as many as fifty. These are somewhat variable in number and position, par- ticularly in the thoracic region,where they may occur quite promiscuously onthe dorsum. In the abdominal region they occur in more definite order, where they are in four longitudinal, somewhat curved lines. Those of the mesal two rows occur in pairs, a pair to each abdominal segment, except the last segment, where there may be two or more pairs. Yasiform orifice pyriform, not quite as broad as long; cephalic margin straight ; caudal end with acute indenture and finger-like process. Inner lateral and caudal margins corrugated. Operculum sub-elliptical, broader than long ; not quite one-half as long as orifice, minutely spined on caudal margin. Lingula well developed, about three-fourths the length of orifice. Distal part of lingula with three pairs of lateral lobes ; minu- tely spined, except at base, and bearing on distal end from below a pair cf sete, which project caudad just beyond orifice. Rudimentary feet moderately distinct. Adult 2.—Length to tip of genitalia about 1.20 mm.; length of front wing, 1 mm. ; width of front wing, .41 mm. ; length of hind femur, .21 mm.; length of hind tibia, .38 mm.; length of antenne, about .3 mm. Body stout, light brownish-yellow in colour, with caudal margin of head, and the sutures of thorax more or less margined with brownish ; legs and antenne paler; eyes reddish. Front pair of wings marked with spots of smoky-black. ‘There is a small spot at base, caudad of basal veinlet ; two irregular spots near middle of length of wing, one on each side of wing ; the caudal spot somewhat V-shaped, with the apex of the V turned 92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. distad ; the spot on cephalic side of vein is irregularly rectangular, its inner end touching vein at its caudal flexure. At about distal fourth of wing are three irregular sports in a transverse stripe. The vein termi- nates in the median spot. When seen under a hand lens, these markings appear as two irregular zigzag lines extending transversely across the wing. When the wings are folded the stripes of one side appear con- tinuous with those of the other side. Antenne seven-jointed. First joint short, subconical, about one-half as long as second ; second, about one-half as wide as long, truncate dis- tally ; third, long, slender, five-sixths length of distal four together ; fourth, about three-fourths length of fifth, cylindrical ; sixth and seventh, subequal in length ; sixth, cylindrical ; seventh, swollen, tapering distally, bearing a terminal seta. Joints third and distally, rather closely ringed. Eyes completely divided transversely, the larger division ventrad. Mentum long, three jointed ; first joint short, about one-third length of second ; second long, being rather longer than third; third usual, tipped with black. Rostrum short, conical, bearing three long sete. In third pair of legs, femur slender, about two-thirds length of tibia ; tarsus and claw together as long as femur. Distal joint and claw of tarsus about as long as proximal joint. Vasiform orifice, as seen in dorsal aspect, sub- circular; operculum, slightly convex, with its caudal margin concave ; minutely setate on margin; lingula projecting some distance caudad, club-shaped ; minutely setate. Main vein of fore wing nearer cephalic than caudal margin, making a bend caudad near the middle of its length. Basal veinlet arises distinct from main vein (possibly connected by cross vein at very base) extending obliquely backwards, reaching margin at about one-third length of wing. Wings all around on the margin deli- cately beaded. On cephalic margin of hind wings at base are seven to nine sete. ¢.—Length to tip of genitalia about 1 mm.; proportionately smaller than female. Genitalia forcipate, an acute prominent tooth on each valve at base. Penis enlarged at base, tapering and curved upwards, about five-sixths length of valves. In other respects essentially as in female. This aleurodid was sent in by a correspondent from South Florida, to Prof. P. H. Rolfs, on leaves of cultivated geranium, to which it was regarded as a severe pest. EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. Aleurodes graminicola. Figure 19,—Illustrating pores on third, fourth and fifth abdominal segments of pupa-case. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 93 Aleurodes graminicola (Figs. 19-21); A. Rolfsii (Figs. 22-24). Figure 20.—Margin of pupa-case. Figure 21.—Vasiform orifice, operculum and lingula of pupa-case. Aleurodes Rolfsii. Figure 22.—Pupa-case. Figure 23.—Vasiform orifice, operculum and lingula of pupa-case. Figure 24.—Wing of adult. 94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. DESCRIPTION OF THE. GOPHER - MOTH: BY J. B. SMITH, SC.D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. EPIZEUXIS GOPHERI, n. sp. Ground colour a very pale mouse-gray, the wings with the appearance of being thinly scaled. On the thorax is a slightly warmer, more brown or reddish tinge, while the under side is darker and somewhat more smoky throughout. Primaries with all the lines diffuse and vague, except the s. t., which is distinct and very sharply dentated. The basal line is wanting. The t. a. line is pale, without defined margins, and crosses the wings with scarcely an out-curve. The t. p. line is yet more feebly marked except on the costa, and crosses the wing with a feeble out- curve, a little more marked than the outer margin of the wing itself. In the male this line seems to be better defined than in the female. The s. t. line is whitish, distinct, and irregularly toothed in both directions ; that is, inwardly as well as outwardly — as a whole keeping at about the same distance from the outer margin throughout. ‘The ordinary spots are very feebly marked; the orbicular a faint yellowish dot, and the reniform a somewhat larger blotch of the same colour ; but in both cases indefinite. The secondaries are distinctly paler, more washed out and becoming almost whitish at the base. ‘Toward the outer margin they are more nearly of the ground colour of the primaries, and here a pale, dentate, submarginal line becomes visible ; much less defined, however, than the s. t. line of the primaries. On the under side the fore wings are uniformly smoky gray, without the glossy appearance of the upper side. The hind wings are much paler toward the base, and near the outer margin a faint reproduction of the line on the upper surface is noticeable. Expands 1.12 to 1.20 inches = 28 to 30 mm. Habitat.—In Florida; discovered by the late Mr. H. G. Hubbard, in the burrows of the land tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus ). One pair is before me; both specimens received from Mr. Hubbard: The male is somewhat crippled and in unsatisfactory condition, though all parts are present; but the female is in very fair shape and has all the characteristic features well marked. ‘The species differs at once from all the other members of the genus by the strongly pectinate antenne of the male. In no other of the species have we more than a strong serration, and by this one character the species can be easily distinguished. In, other respects it bears a curiously close resemblance to that western form of the common /ubricadis which I have named occidentalis. With the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 95 females only at hand and without a history of the specimen it would be easy to mistake the new species for the California variety, except for the fact that. the s. t. line is unusually sharp and strongly dentate in com- parison with the vague suffused markings seen in occidentalis. Other structural details of the legs and of the palpi do not differ from the usual form found in the genus, and in the male we have that same peculiar formation of the anterior femur which I described in my monograph of the Deltoids and figured. Concerning the life-history of the species and the habits of the larvae I refer to Hubbard’s articles on the insect guests of the Florida land tortoise published in Insect Life, Vol. VI., No. 4, 1894, p. 305-306, and in Proc. nt. Soc. Wash., Vol. IIL, No. 5, 1896, P- 299. MANITOBA BUTTERFLIES. I have a further addition to make to my list of the Butterflies of Southern Manitoba, as the result of last summer’s work. As in Africa of old, something new seems to be constantly turning up. The scarcity of grass in the usual prairie hay meadows drove me into a small “ muskeg” of a few acres in extent, in a corner of the river valley, about a mile from my house. It is a veritable Serbonian bog in ordinary seasons—the grave of many a bison and wapiti, judging from the remains, in days gone by, and which has of recent years taken toll from time to time from our domestic herds. In it, at the end of July and the beginning of August, I took three or four specimens of Zhecla acadica, and the same number of Chrysophanus thoe, and also a variety of C. he/loides, smaller and more faintly marked than any I have taken before—the large form being generally abundant in certain places. Butterflies were not plentiful last year, especially during the early summer, through the dry, cold weather that prevailed, but I made one notable addition to my collection. For some years I have been unable to do any ‘“‘ sugaring” during the harvest season, but this year I managed to paint a few trees, with the result that during the day time they were visited by several Vanessa Californica, of which I took three 9s, my previous captures being gs, and saw several more. Grafta progne and comma—both varieties of the latter—also were attracted by the trees, and a very few ata/anta, but nothing else. At night, I took several species I have not before seen, and I particularly noted the absence of Catocalas. Redicta and unijuga used to be a positive nuisance, frightening all other species away. ‘his year I did not see a single wzzjuga, only a few -relicta and driseis, but several concumbens, which used to be very scarce. E. F. Heatu, Cartwright, Man, 96 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ENTOMOLOGICAL BOOKS. The following is a copy of the circular recently issued by the Customs Department in order to clear up some uncertainty regarding the interpretation of the circular issued in July of last year. It is now made clear that all books on entomology may be imported free of duty : Customs Department, Canada. Ottawa, 13th February, 1899. Zo Collector of Customs: The following memorandum was issued on the 28th July, 1898, to customs ports concerned in the importation of entomological books, viz.: ‘“‘T beg to advise you that the Minister of Customs has determined that books on entomology, such, for example, as ‘Insects Injurious to Vegetation,’ by Dr. T. W. Harris ; ‘Guide to the Study of Insects,’ by Dr. A. S. Packard ; ‘Insects Injurious to Fruits,’ by Dr. Wm. Saunders ; ‘Manual for the Study of Insects,’ by Prof. J. H. Comstock ; ‘Economic Entomology,’ by Prof. J. B. Smith; and ‘Entomology for Beginners,’ by Dr. A. S. Packard, are entitled to free admission under the provisions of item 464 of the Tariff Act.” You are instructed that free importation of books of the above class is not confined to the special works herein described by name, but that entomological works may be classed as industrial books entitled to free entry under tariff item No. 464. (Signed) JoHn McDouca tp, Commissioner of Customs. THE ODOUR OF COCCID-AF. Apropos of Professor Webster’s note, on page 4 of the current volume of the CanapDIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, concerning the odour of Aspidiotus perniciosus, and Mr. Cockerell’s note on page 36 on the odour of Toumeyella, please allow me to remind these gentlemen and your other readers that I recorded a similar instance in the case of Gossyparia ulmi in Insect Life, Volume II., page 39 (August, 1889), on the authority of Mr. }. G. Jack. The wording is as follows: ‘‘At this time they secrete a great deal of honey-dew which attracts ants and other insects, and gives off, curiously enough, a pungent odour, which Mr. Jack states is noticeable where large numbers of the coccids are at work, but which we have not noticed at Washington, probably on account of the comparative scarcity of the lice.” L. O. Howarp, Entomologist. Mailed April 3rd, 1899. he anata eri Vor XXXI. LONDON, MAY, » 1899, No. 5: OBSERVATIONS UPON SPILOSOMA CONGRUA, WALKER. BY THE REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, SOUTH QUEBEC, On the 29th of June, 1897, I found, in the Gomin Swamp, two Spilosomas, females, lying side by side. One of them was much spotted, and presented the exact appearance of the insect which is figured, with closed wings, in the original edition of Dru Drury’s work, and named by him Bombyx cunea. The other was white, but on the median nerve, at the angle of the second fork, there was a small black dot, hardly percep- tible. The thorax was clothed with light down ; the abdomen was white and spotless. The eyes were black, as were also the under sides of the antenne and feet. The front of the thorax under the head was luteous. This second moth laid eggs on the roth of July, and the eggs pro- duced larvee which, in due time, pupated. The moths appeared in the following spring. I took the mother moth to the meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, at London, and readily identified it with specimens marked “ Spz/osoma congrua, Walker,” in the Society’s collections. Of the imagoes raised from this insect some were allowed to escape, some I gave away, and a few were crippled; but I have twenty-eight of them before me at this moment, and they present a most interesting subject for study. I will group them :— I. AS REGARDS THE WINGS: (a) Two males, all but immaculate, having the faintest indication of a dot at the second fork of the median nerve. (b) One male having a decided black spot at the point above mentioned. (c) Five males and seven females having the spot and indications of an irregular transverse row of dots near the hind margin. (d) Seven females with the spot and a well-defined row of black dots near the hind margin. (e) One male and two females with the spot, and a terminal row and sub-terminal row of dots, 98 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (f) Three males and one female with four rows of dots on the primaries, and a spot near the costa of the secondaries, II. As REGARDS THE ABDOMEN : Eleven specimens are immaculate, and seventeen have longi- tudinal rows of spots. (a) and (b) have the abdomen immaculate. (c) Two specimens have two distinct rows of black spots on the under side,and no more ; two have dorsal and side rows of spots, but none underneath. The rest have immaculate abdomens. (d) One has five rows of spots, and six have the two rows on the under side only; but of the latter one specimen has two black dots on the back. (e) One (male) is immaculate as regards the abdomen; one female has the five rows ; and the other has rows on the under side only. (f) One (¢) has all five rows ; one (¢) has only the rows on the under side ; and one( ¢) has an immaculate abdomen. Of the males the usual expanse of the wings is 17 lines, but one reaches 20. Of the females the usual expanse is 20 lines. I sent two of the moths to Washington, and Dr. Dyar kindly wrote me word that the insects belong to the species Antigone of Strecker. Mr. Lyman also submitted a puair of the same brood to Mr. Beutenmuller, who said that he had seen Strecker’s types at Reading, Pa., a few days before, and that the species was certainly Aztigone. Very well. In Smith’s list the S. congrwa of Grote is given as a synonym of S. antigone of Strecker. What does Grote say on the subject? ‘On my first visit to the British Museum I examined Walkei’s types, and made the following descriptions of his specimens” arts Here follows a description that exactly fits my group (c). And he adds, “I was doubtful about its being North American. But very likely it is a form that Mr. Strecker calls Antigone, which must join that author’s long list of synonyms.” (Can. Ent., Vol. XV., p- 9.) But Walker gives his own account of S. cougrua; and, as the British Museum lists are not easily obtainable, and but few of our Canadian entomologists have copies of them, I ask room for the descrip- tion in full, tiie CANADIAN ENYOMOLOGISTr. 99 ‘* SPILOSOMA CONGRUA, “Alba; palpi supra nigri; pedes antici nigro luteoque varii. Mas.—caput et thorax anticus subtestacea ; ale antice e guttis fuscis quadrisubfasciate. “White. Tarsi with black bands. Fore cox and fore femora luteous, with black spots on the inner side ; fore tibix striped with black on the inner side. J/a/e.—Head and fore part of the thorax with a slight testaceous tinge. Fore wings with four oblique very imperfect and irregular bands, composed of pale brown dots. Length of the body 6-7 lines; of the wings 16-20 lines. a—c Georgia. From Mr. Milne’s collection.” (List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the collections of the British Museum. Part Ill, Lepidoptera Heterocera, p. 669. Pub- lished 1855.) With this description the insects in my group (f) agree. One has even the slightly testaceous thorax, which is not common ; and another has the black spots on the inner side of the luteous femora. All have the four bands. With my specimens before me I can entertain no doubt that Walker and Grote were describing forms of one and the same species. I state this after much consideration, for Smith says, in his ‘“ Preliminary Catalogue of the Arctiidae (Can. Ent., Vol. XXII, 16), *‘Walker’s descrip- tion does not apply to Aztigone at all, while it does apply to cunea, a specimen of which, according to Butler, was of the ¢yfes.” What is meant by cunea ? There is a moth well known all over North America. It was described and named by Harris (Insects Injurious to Vegetation, pp. 357-9), and much valuable information respecting it has been given by Dr. Bethune (Can. Enrt., Vol. V., p. 141), Professor Saunders (Insects Injurious to Fruits, p. 171), and others. Itis the Fall Web-worm Moth, the Hyphantria textor of Harris. Of this A. textor we have in Canada but one brood in a season. Its eggs hatch “from July roth to the middle of August” (John G. Jack, Can. Ent., XVIII, 23). The larve are full-grown by the end of Sep- tember. The moths have generally, in Canada, spotless wings and spot- less abdomens, according to the descriptions given by Harris, Bethune, Saunders, and others, and their usual expanse of wings is 14 lines. 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. But southward there is a second brood of ‘¢extor which is noted for its variations. The most spotted of these, the extreme variety, is sup- posed to have been the Gombyx cunea, figured by Drury in 1770. And therefore it is said the name of the variety must take the place of the specific name given by Harris, and till very lately generally accepted. Both Professor Riley and Professor Smith have well and clearly expressed the contention as it now stands. The former says : ‘‘The moths vary greatly, both in size and coloration. They have, in consequence of such variation, received many names, such as cusea, Drury; fextor, Harris; punctata, Fitch; punctatissima, Smith. But there is no doubt, as proven from frequent breeding of specimens, that all of these names apply to the very same insect, or at most to slight varieties, and that Drury’s name, cumea, having priority, must be used for the species.” (Riley quoted in Packard’s Forest Znsects, pp. 246-7.) The latter says: “In Mr. Grote’s list of 1882, fextor and punctata stand without number, but in Roman letters, and therefore not as synonyms. ‘There is no doubt at all of the identity of all these forms. Prof. Riley has proved that to demonstration, if proof were required to the statements of earlier writers.” (CAN. ENT., XXII., p. 165-6.) And in his List of Lepidoptera of Boreal America he gives: HypuHantTria, Harr. 1096. Cunea, Drury. punctatissima, S. & A. punctata, Fitch. congrua, Walker. textor, Harris. candida, Walker. ab. pallida, Pack. But is there really no room for doubt? Is the proof so entirely satisfactory? It might have been were there but one variable insect in the field to meet the requirements, but with two or more the matter is fairly open to question. Let us consider the illustrations that accompany Prof. Riley’s state- ment. Ihave them by me in that valuable work, Packard’s Forest In- sects, p. 245-6. First compare with the illustration of the Fall Web- worm Moth on page 245, the illustrations accompanying Dr. Bethune’s and Prof. Saunders’s articles above referred to—the disproportion in tuk CANADIAN EN'TOMOLUGIST. 101 contour and size at once strikes the eye. Riley’s cut represents an insect 20 lines in expanse of wings. I venture to say that no Fall Web- worm Moth ever attained such a size. But latitude was necessary to take in such moths as congruwa and cunea. ‘Then as regards the series of wings given on page 246. These we may conclude, from the whole tenor of the article, include representations of cunea, punctata, puncta- tissima, etc. They are on the scale of 18 lines for expanse of wings. There ts not one of them but can be exactly matched from insects [ raised, or that were taken with the mother insect in the Gomin. Let us now consider the larve : A comparison of the Rev. Dr. Hulst’s account of the larve of 5S. congrua (Ent. Amer., II., 162), and of Professor Saunders’s description of the larva of S. cunea, in its last stage, with the following life-history, written with care by myself, will, I think, show that the three descriptions relate to one and the same species. Life-history of Spzlosoma congrua, Walker : £ggs.—Waxen, globular, laid dispersedly and unattached on the roth of July, very small for the size of the insect—one-thirtieth of an inch in diameter. Hatched July 16th. Newly-hatched /arva.—One-tenth of an inch long, of a pale greenish tint, with a row of reddish-brown tubercles along the middle of each segment above. Every tubercle has two or three rather long, black hairs. Head dark brown. The larva feeds with avidity upon Chenopo- dium album, also upon Zaraxacum and Plantago. It shows no dis- position to spin. Moulted July 23rd. Larva after first mou/t.—Length, three-tenths of an inch. Body reddish-brown, with black warts, from which proceed spreading tufts of long, black hairs with short spinous branches. Head bilobed, black. Feet black. Moulted July zoth. Larva after second moult.—Length, half an inch. Body dark brown, with dark brown warts thickly set with tufts of black hair. A side line of red warts with a black tuft above and another below each wart. Larva exceedingly active—scuffles about in true Arctian fashion. Moulted August 8th. Larva after third moult.—Length, one inch and one-tenth. Head shining black, bilobed. Body black, warty, densely clothed with jet black hairs. A side line of red warts as before, but hardly seen under the pile that overlaps it. 102 Yilk CANADIAN ENTOmULUUiIs*. Mature larva.—One inch and three-quarters long. Body colour dark madder-brown, dotted with gray, and almost hidden by jet black bristly tufts which spring from jet black warts—these warts are arranged transversely in the middle of each segment. Along the sides is a row, closely two-fold, of chestnut-coloured patches. Head and fore legs glossy black. Note.—ELvery larva of the batch was true to this description. On August roth, the larva formed a slight web, with hairs from its body intermingled with the meshes. The web was placed- between leaves at the bottom of the breeding-cage. Chrysadis.—First waxen in colour, then chestnut, and then very dark brown; plump, seven-tenths of an inch long, three-tenths in diam- eter, and terminating in two clusters of spines-—5 in each cluster. These spines taper regularly and are terminated with small disks. To allow the moth to escape the breast portion of the chrysalis-case shells off in the form of an apple-pip. The indications are that the much-spotted Spilosomas (one of which I mentioned at the beginning of my paper, and five of which were taken, in the neighbourhood of Quebec, in the season of 1897) hold the same relationship to S. comgruwa as the much-spotted /extors do to their type. They answer exactly to the description of S. cuzea given by Walker in the B. M. list above mentioned. We cannot, however, be absolutely sure on this point till we have bred moths from one of them. OBITUARY. By the demise of DoMINIQUE NAPOLEON St. Cyr, Esq., which occurred in Quebec on the 3rd March instant, from congestion of the lungs, at the age of 74 years, natural science has lost a worthy student and education a hearty promoter. He was born at Nicolet, P. Que., and educated at the college there. In 1867 he was admitted a notary public. Previous thereto he had been a model school and academy teacher. He was returned, in the Conservative interest, to the Legislative Assembly, Que., as member for the county of Champlain, at the general elections in 1875 and again in 1878. Going out of politics, he took up his residence in Quebec, and was appointed Curator to the Provincial Government’s museum. in the Parliament Buildings. Under his practical care and thorough knowledge of science, what appeared io be a heterogeneous conglomeration of specimens of all sorts, assumed shape as a very nicely classified museum. In it is preserved the valuable entomological collec- tion of Abbé Provencher, which is, of itself, well worth a visit to students. As an entomologist aud botanist Mr. St. Cyr will be much missed. His successor as Curator of the Provincial Government museum is Leonidas Larue, Esq., an M. D. of Laval University. J. EVELEIGH TREFFRY. TUK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 a THREE NEW COCCIDA. BY EDW. M. EHRHORN, MOUNTAIN VIEW, CAT. Nidularia (?) californica, n. sp. @ covered with wax resting on a thin white secretion. Colour orange-ferruginous, shiny, varying greatly in size and shape. The average specimens are about 3 mm. long, 1% wide, and 1 mm. high ; generally pyriform, but it is difficult to give any special form, as the insect adapts itself to the position on the plant. After boiling in K. H. O. derm is colourless, mouth-parts, glands and caudal portion remaining brown. There are indications of antenne, which are very small and very bristly, segmentation not visible. There are four large disklike spiracles on the ventral surface, each disk contains numerous glands. ‘There is a row of thick, blunt spines on each margin, and one on the dorsum. These marginal spines are shaped like a spear- head set in a socket. With these there are several rows of round spinnerets. Rostrum attached to a prominence, which, however, varies with the position the insect adopts. End of abdomen strongly chitinized, with the margin strongly crenate and plicate, and deeply cleft in the middle as in Lecanium. Numerous round glands scattered near its margin, and several strong spines on margin at intervals. Anal ring with numerous (eight ?) stout hairs. On the ventral surface opposite the anal ring there is a round pro- jection with four stout spines. This is inserted in the cleft of the anal lobes. Hab.—On the roots of Bunch grass, Mountain View, Cal. Prof. Cockerell has examined specimens, and says that this strange coccid will probably form a new genus. Dactylopius eriogoni, n. sp. ? enclosed ina densely woven white felt sac about 214 mm. long and 1 mm. broad ; also secreting considerable loose cottony matter. ? colour light yellow, slightly covered with white powder, about 2 mm. long and 1 mm. broad. Last segment of body with two short white filaments. Legs and antenne light brown. Young larve and eggs light yellow. When boiled in K. H. O. turns brown. Numerous very fine slender spines on dorsum. Antennz 7-jointed, quite bristly. Sequence of the joints of the antenne is quite variable. Joint 7 longest, then comes 3, then 1 and 2, but these are sometimes longer than 3. Joint 4 is next, but sometimes joint 6 is longer. Joint 5 is generally shortest. Formula approximately, 7312465, 104 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Legs small and rather slender. Femur, tibia, and tarsus all bearing rather large stout bristles ; femur twice as long as tarsus ; claw slender. ‘Tarsal digitules long, slender, slightly knobbed. Digitules of claw slightiy longer than claw, slender, knobbed. Anal lobes not conspicuous, bearing a long, rather stout seta, several stout conical spines, hairs and spinnerets. Anal ring medium, with the usual six hairs. P ffab.—On roots of Eriogonum, sp. Stevens Creek Canon, near Mountain View, Cal. Kermes Austini, n. sp. 2 scale spherical, about 4.5 mm. broad, 4 mm. long, 4 mm. high. (Amongst the material are a number of parasitized specimens, which are much smaller in size.) Dorsum slightly covered with a waxy secretion. Scale not gibbous and segmentation indistinct, indicated by brown dots when seen through a lens. Colour light brown, with several irregular white stripes running parallel with the segments. There is a distinct groove on the caudal portion of the scale, which is distinctly marked with brown. Scale more or less pitted. Pits generaily marked dark brown or black. Ventral scale is more or less flat and light brown. Keel not very prominent. When boiled in K. H. O. derm is light brown, with several brown spots and numerous round giands—orifices, which are larger near the margin. A few short spines near the margin. Antenne very short and stout, indistinctly 6-jointed. Joint 3 longest, 4 and 5 subequal. Larva (taken from body of ? ).—Colour pink, twice as long as broad. After boiling in potash, colourless. Antenne and legs yellow. Antenne 6-jointed. Joint 3 longest, then comes 6 with numerous stout bristles and rounded at tip. Joints 2 and 5 subequal. Joints r and 4 about equal. Formula: 36(25)(41). Caudal tubercles large, with very long sete and three stout spines—one at base of tubercle, one on its inner margin, and one near sete. On the margin of body each segment has a stout spine. Legs stout. Tarsus not twice as long as tibia. Femur nearly as long as tarsus+tibia. Claw slender and curved. fTab.—On twigs of Quercus oblongifolius, Guejito Mountains, eight miles east of Escondido, San Diego Co., Cal. (F. Austin, coll.) This species is allied to Kermes galliformis, but smaller, with the darker parts of a decided fulvous colour. Prof. Cockerell has examined specimens, and agrees that it appears to be a valid species. Lecaniodiasp:s rufescens, Ckll. This species was sent to me from Los Angeles, Cal, Found on 4 new food plant, Adenostoma fasciculatum, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 FOUR NEW DIASPINE COCCID. BY! °T. D) “AL SCOCKERELL,” No MaAGk, EXP. (STA: Aspidiotus cueroensis, n. sp.—@. Scale diam. slightly over 1 millim., circular, slightly convex above and beneath, with the margin somewhat elevated, like an oyster; very pale gray or grayish-white, quite a delicate shade, exuviz more or less to one side, covered, inconspicuous, but appearing as a dark spot on the inside of the scale. 9. Shape ordinary ; black when dry. No circumgenital glands. Anal orifice elongate oval, moderately large, distant from bases of lobes about 1% times its length. Only one pair of lobes, these and the area about their base remaining dark brown after boiling ; lobes rather large, but short and broad, con- tiguous at the base, but thence diverging to their rounded apices, whence they slope downwards to the comparatively short outer side, the shape of the lobes being almost as in A. ostreeformis. The second and third lobes, somewhat as in A. coniferarum, are represented by rounded prominences, which can hardly be said to project above the margin. Some distance below the place of the second lobe is a small round hyaline gland-spot, quite conspicuous ; another, less conspicuous, is ad- jacent to the base of the rudimentary third lobe. Pyriform processes of the interlobular incisions short and inconspicuous ; at the first incision the inner process is considerably larger than the outer. No plates, but the usual spines are present, a pair some distance beyond the place of the third lobe being quite large. Margin beyond the lobed area, and even within it, minutely crenulate. Dorsal glands extremely few, circular. In the area which in other species is occupied by the lateral groups of circumgenital glands, are longitudinal brown stripes, very conspicuous, apparently due to chitinous thickening. A less conspicuous transverse stripe occurs in the place ordinarily occupied by the median group of glands. ffab.—On rough bark of trunks of Ce/tis, Cuero, Texas, June 1, 1898. (C. Hf T: Townsend.) One specimen was badly infested by a fungus. Allied to 4. coniferarum, Ckll. Aspidiotus duplex, Ckll., var. peonia, n. var.— 9. Has only two groups of circumgenital glands (the anterior and posterior lateral groups being united), each of 70 to 76 orifices. First three pairs of lobes con- spicuously notched on each side ; fourth lobe with one deep notch. At most only two or three minute squames beyond the fourth lobe. About 15 glands in the groups laterad of the mouth, 106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Hab.—On bark of peony from Japan, quarantined by Mr. Craw, at San Francisco. The pony bark, boiled in caustic soda, gives a very fine crimson or madder colour. Also on Camellia japonica, in California. (Dept. Agric., Div. Ent., 376*.) The scales on Came//ia were lighter than usual. Diaspis celtidis, n. sp.— .. Scale dark gray, exactly like the bark on which it rests, fairly convex, first skin visible, brown or ferruginous, placed near the margin. Greatest diameter of scale about 1 millim. 9. No circumgenital glands, even in a female full of young. Two pairs of brown lobes; median lobes rather large, upright, separated by a fair interval, in which is a pointed. squame extending very slightly be- yond their tips ; second lobes separated from the median by a similar interval ; median lobes rounded at the end, deeply and squarely notched on the outer side ; second lobes bluntly pointed, deeply notched on the outer side, the portion beyond the notch forming a pointed lobule, the whole lobe resembling somewhat a lower molar tooth of Sorex. Beneath each lobe is a pair of small pyriform brown glands; some distance be- yond the second lobe is another pair of these glands, forming a brown patch, but without any lobe, and supporting a rather large spine. Dorsal glands few in number. Anal orifice small, a good distance from hind end. f. Scale of the usual Dzaspis form, but short and broad, hardly more than twice as long as wide, dull gray, not in the least carinate ; exuvia placed longitudinally at one end, large, not far from half the length of the scale, thick, dark brown, with small transverse ridges, and a light brown margin and central longitudinal ridge Sometimes the whole exuvia is light brown. Hab.—On Celtis, San Antonio, Texas, June 23, 1898. (C. 7: Townsend.) Somewhat allied to D. dbaccharidis, but differs by the formation of the lobes and the absence of circumgenital glands. On the Celtis, at San Antonio, Prof. Townsend found also a variety of Pu/vi- naria tnnumerabilis (Rathv.). Diaspis auranticolor, n. sp.—Q. Scale circular or suboval, diam. not much over 1 millim., only slightly convex, white, but covered with a gray film of the epidermis of the plant. Exuvie lateral, bright lemon- yellow, first skin exposed. Removed from the bark, the scales leave a white mark. 2. Bright orange; light yellowish after loss of contents, the orange colour being contained in oil-like globules, not altered by caustic alkali, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 Five groups of circumgenital glands, median of g, anterior laterals 26, posterior laterals 16 to 19; two rows of dorsal transverse glands on pygidial area. Anal orifice level with hind part of anterior lateral groups of glands. Lobes not at all brown; median lobes large, pyramidal, blunt at end, their bases meeting but their tips far apart, the outer side crenate with two small notches, a small spine at each inner base. Second lobes represented by three rounded but rather elongate lobules, of which the middle one is considerably the largest ; third lobes represented by two pointed processes, the second of which may be bifid at its end; fourth and fifth lobes represented by three or four pointed processes, like the teeth of a saw. Squames quite long, spinelike, with simple ends; one between the first and second lobes, two between the second and third, three between the third and rudimentary fourth, six between the rudi- mentary fourth and fifth, and about five large ones beyond the fifth. _g. Scale of the usual form, white, without any keel ; exuvia light yellow. Newly-hatched larve (alive) pale pink, without marks. (The larva of D. amygdadi is pale yellowish.) Hab.—On Osmanthus ilicifolia {this is presumably a garden name for O. aguifolium, Siebold) from Japan, quarantined Feb. 3, 1899, by Mr. A. Craw, at San Francisco. Related to D. amygdadi, but quite dis- tinct. A FEW CANADIAN LONGICORNS. BY W. HAGUE HARRINGTON, F. R. S. C., OTTAWA. Having prepared for the Ottawa Naturalist a list of the Ceramby- cide occurring in this district, I find, among other Canadian material in my cabinets, the following species which appear worthy of record: For the Vancouver Island species I am chiefly indebted to my friend, Rev. G. W. Taylor, who resided near Victoria when the specimens were collected. Other material was collected by Mr. A. J. Hill, of New Westminster, B. C., and by Dr. Fletcher. Several of the species I captured when at New Westminster, etc., in 1888, and a few were received from Mr. T. C. Weston, of the Geological Survey, and from the late Capt. G. Geddes. Ergates spiculatus, Lec. ‘Two fine specimens from V. I. Prionus californicus, Mots. Apparently common in V. I. Tragosoma Harristi, Lec. Cypress Hills, M. Asemum atrum, Esch. Common, B. C, and V. I, 108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Nothorhina aspera, Lec. Several from V. I. Criocephalus productus, Lec. B.C. (Mr. A.J. Hill, New Westminster.) Criocephalus agrestis, Kirby. Stupart’s Bay. Criocephalus asperatus, Lec. Cypress Hills and B. C. Phymatodes vartabilis, Fab. Common, V. I. Phymatodes nitidus, Lec. V. 1. (Victoria.) Phymatodes decussatus, Lec. Common, V. IL, B. C. Rosalia funebris, Mots. B.C. (New Westminster, Riverside, etc.) Clytus planifrons, Lec. V.I. (One specimen.) Neoclytus conjunctus, Lec. V.I. (Two specimens.) Leptalia macilenta, Mann. B. C. Toxotus vestitus, Hald. Very common in B. C. and V. I. ‘The form with red legs and antenne not rare. Toxotus virgatus, Lec. Crane Lake, N.-W. T. (Prof. Macoun.) Pachyta monticola, Rand. B.C. Very variable in colour. Pachyta liturata, Kirby. Fort McLeod, Alta., and B. C. Pachyta spurca, Lec. V.1. Very fine specimens. Achmeops longicornis, Kirby. Fort McLeod. (Geddes.) Leptura obliterata, Hald. V. I. Leptura subargenta, Kirby. B.C. Very common. Leptura leta, Lec. V.I. A fine species. Leptura Canadensis, Fab. B.C. var. erythroptera, Kirby. B. C. var) cripripenais,.ec. B. CG: Leptura vagans, Oliv. Muskoka, O. Leptura letifica, Lec. B.C. and V. I. Very common. Leptura chrysocoma, Kirby. B.C. and V. I. Leptura proxima, Say. B.C. Leptura crassicornis, Lec, V.1. Leptura scripta, Lec. B. C. and V. I. Very common. Plectrura spinicauda, Mann. _V. I. (Fletcher.) Monohammus maculosus, Hald. Rat Portage, O. (Fletcher.) Monohammus confusor, Kirby. Sydney, N.S., to Westminster, B. C. Monohammus marmorator, Kirby. Cypress Hill. (Weston.) Synapheta Guexi, Lec. V. I. (Taylor.) Acanthocinus spectabilis, Lec. B. C. (Hill.) Oberea qguadricallosa, Lec. B.C. Tetraopes femoratus, Lec. B.C. Common, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 109 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF MASSACHUS- ETTS COCCIDA.—I. BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. The published records of the occurrence of coccids in Massachusetts are so scattered and the number found to exist is so large, that it seems quite desirable that they should be brought together and published in one entomological journal. So far as I can learn from careful search of the literature up to January, 1896, there had been only 13 species recorded. Since then the list has increased to 74. A list of the 13 species is: 4.%5mm.; . hind. femora, 6 1omm., 9 10.5 mm.; hind tibie, ~ 10.5 mm., @ 11.25 mm.; ovi- positor, 8 mm. 26,5 %.—Eight-mile Station, about 5,500 feet, on the road from Wawona to the Yosemite Valley, Cal., A. P. Morse. This species is easily recognized, at least in the male sex, by the antenne discoloured at base and the dark patch on the hind femora. 12. Ceuthophilus vinculatus Scudd.— There are specimens in the National Museum from California and Washington, and the Cambridge Museum has a pair, apparently belonging here, from Santa Barbara, Cal.; the species is also found in Nevada, Iowa, and Nebrask. 13. Ceuthophilus testaceus Scudd.—A single specimen, apparently of this species, was taken at Los Angeles, Cal., July 29, by A. P. Morse. It had previously been known only from Missouri, Nebraska, and Wyoming. 14. Ceuthophilus californianus Scudd.—This has been reported from Vancouver Island, and from many places in California, in Contra Costa, Sonoma, Marin, San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Santa Barbara, Los Angeles and San Bernadino Counties, as well as from Utah and Arizona. Mr. Morse brought home a specimen from Corvallis, Benton Co., Oregon, taken April 19. (See below, under Hemiudeopsylla californiana). 15. Ceuthophilus pacificus Thom.—This has been taken by many persons in California without closer specification of locality, and by others in Contra Costa and Los Angeles Counties, and at Lake Tahoe. It also occurs in Nevada, 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 16. Ceuthophilus salebrosus, sp. nov. — Dark luteous, profusely clouded and more or less spotted with dark fuscous. Antenne slender, fully half as long again as the body, castaneous or rufo-castaneous at base, luteous beyond, about every tenth joint pallid. J.egs rather short. Fore femora not stouter than the middle femora, about a third longer than the pronotum and a little less than half as long as the hind femora, the inner inferior carina with a short subapical spine. Middle femora with a single small subapical spine on each inferior carina, besides a genicular spine behind. Hind femora considerably shorter than the body, a little more than twice as long as the fore femora, not very stout, a little less (¢) ora little more (2) than three times as long as broad, the apical fifth (2) or sixth (¢) equal, in the male heavily scabrous with minute raised points in oblique rows and especially along the upper margin, the outer inferior carina with an oblique preapical prominent denticle, immediately preceded by obscure serrulation (¢) or obscurely serrulate in distal half (2), the inner carina distantly, very delicately and minutely spinulose ( ? ) or with an oblique prominent compressed denticle in the middle of the distal half, preceded by serrulations which aimost mount the proximal face of the denticle (¢). Hind tibie strongly and sharply bowed just before the middle and so shorter than the hind femora, a little expanded before the bend (4) or straight, simple, and slightly longer than the femora (2), armed beneath with a pair of apical and a pair of subapical spines; spurs opposite or subopposite, the basal pair somewhat before the middle of the tibia, about as long as the tibial depth and divaricating but little. Hind tarsi nearly half as long as the tibize, the first joint as long as the rest together, the second nearly three times as long as the third and about as long as the fourth. Cerci of female stout in the basal half, beyond tapering, at least two-thirds as long as the hind femoral breadth. Ovipositor nearly straight, gently tapering in the basal half, beyond equal for a brief space, and then tapering more rapidly to a fine point and upcurved, less than two-thirds as long as the hind femora, the inner valves serrulate, with no apical hook. Length of body, ¢ 10 mm., ? 12 mm.; pronotum, ¢ 3 mm.,, ? 3.25 mm.; fore femora, 6 2 4 mm.; hind femora, ¢ 8.25 mm., ? 8.5 mm.; hind tibia, ¢ 7.25 mm., 9 g mm.; ovipositor, 5 mm. 1g, 1 9.—Tenino, Thurston Co., Washington, Sept. 24, A. P. Morse, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. JA) The dorsal surface of the abdomen of the male, as in C. pacificus and C. henshawi, to which this species is closely related, is not smooth as in other species of Ceuthophilus, and like them also the fastigium of the vertex is developed as a triangular prominence pushed between the antennal scrobes. In the present species the roughnesses of the abdomen are found from the third segment backward and consist of transverse series of slightly elongated tubercles on the posterior margin of the segments. 17. Ceuthophilus henshawi Scudd.— It has been reported from Vancouver Island, Washington, Oregon, and from Placer, Marin, Kern, and Los Angeles Counties in California. It was taken at Tenino, Wash., Sept. 24, by A. P. Morse. Hemiudeopsylla Sauss.—Pict. This genus was founded primarily on a Mexican species, to which three others, one from Mexico and two from central California were added. I have been unable to identify the Californian species with any- thing I have seen, but add them to the list. 18. Hemiudeopsylla platyceps Sauss.—Pict.—Marin, Co., California. 19. Hemiudeopsylla californiana Sauss.—Pict.—Marin Co., California. This was supposed by the authors to be my Ceuthophilus californianus (see above), but their description does not agree with my types, and the specific name must be changed to a new one unless it belongs with some previously described species, which I think improbable. Phrixocnemis Scudd. 20. Phrixocnemis validus Scudd.—California, H. Edwards. Known hitherto by a single specimen only. Eudeopsylla Scudd. 21. Eudeopsylla nigra Scudd.—A single specimen has been taken in El Dorado Co., Cal., 4,000 feet, by Gissler ; otherwise it is known only from the region between the Mississippi Valley and the Rocky Mts., in Manitoba, Minnesota, Dakota, Illinois, lowa, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri and Colorado, though one specimen has been brought from Arizona. Gammarotettix Brunn. 22. Gammarotettix bilobatus Thom., sp.—This is known only from central and: southern California, having been taken in Lake, Sonoma, Marin, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Los Angeles and San Diego Counties. 12. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. CHRYSOPHANUS THOE OF GRAY — WHY IS IT NOT C. HYLLUS, CRAMER? BY A. G. BUTLER, PH. D., BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON, ENGLAND. In my Catalogue of Fabrician Diurnal Lepidoptera, p. 173, I (in 1869) unhesitatingly identified examples of a Chrysophanus in the British Museum collection with Cramer’s Papilio hyl/us, and at the present time I do not see the slightest valid reason for altering that decision. In his ‘“ Butterflies of the Eastern United States,’ Dr. Scudder, at the end of his synonymy of C&rysophanus thoe, says, “‘ Not Papilio hyllus, Cram.” ; but, in his account of the species, I find no reason adduced for this assumption, though I can readily believe that the incorrect locality, “Smyrna,” given by Cramer, and the somewhat care- less drawing of the spots across the disk of primaries, may have influenced him. That C. hy/us is not a European type, in the Staudingerian sense of the term, may be concluded from the fact that it is excluded from Staudinger’s Catalogue, and I think I may safely affirm that there is no European species which at all nearly approaches it. On the other hand, anyone acquainted with the utter unreliability of many of Cramer’s localities for his species, and with the unequal merit of his drawings, would have no hesitation in at once pronouncing his figures of P. Ayd/us to be a representation of the female of C. ¢hoe. If C. hyllus and C. thoe are not one and the same species, what is Cramer’s insect? Ruhl, in his “ Paloearktischen Gross-schmetterlinge,” 1892, ignores it entirely ; indeed, by general consent, the students of European and allied butterflies are decided as to its having nothing to do with the fauna of Asia Minor or Europe. If, therefore, C. AydZus is not C. thoe, it must be an extinct species closely related to the latter, for there is nothing else in the least approaching it. If this conclusion commends itself to American Lepidopterists, well and good, but they must not mind being classed with those who consider it “folly to be wise,” THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 CABINET PEST DETERRENT. One of the most worrying things an entomologist has to put up with is that after carefully making a collection his most valued specimens are nearly eaten away, either with mites or the Dermestes beetle. For the benefit of my brother enthusiasts, let me give briefly my personal experience. Last June captures at light were very good and numerous. Many rare insects were taken and set out. ‘The setting- boards were placed on a shelf. By the morning the contents of three boards were literally eaten away by large black ants, house flies, and the little black and orange beetle. If my thoughts had been candidly expressed I am afraid my reputation would have been irretrievably lost, so I hunted around for a remedy and was soon successful in finding one. The ingredients are — Corrosive Sublimate, 2 dr.; Turpentine, 1% 0z.; Rectified Spirits of Wine, 3% ozs. These are simply mixed together. Directions —First shake the bottle briskly. Take a small camel’s- hair brush and apply a thin streak of this preparation under the body of each insect, taking care not to touch the wings. (Better try the effect on some common moths first.) Now comes the test of ten months. The preparation was applied to several Cecropias, while others were placed beside these without being so treated. ‘These were all laid on a shelf. Next morning the bodies of the unprepared moths were mere shells. Ants and beetles were having no end of a feast. Not so with the others. They are there yet and not a sign of a mite, beetle or ant to be seen. As regards boxes, cabinets, etc., apply a thin line of the prepara- tion all around the sides, forming, as it were, a cordon. No other chemical is required in the cabinet. If specimens are already infected run some gasoline into the boxes and close them up. This will kill the larve and mites in a few minutes. Camphor is utterly useless. In re-papering setting-boards or drawers use a little of the solution in the paste. Be careful not to use methylated spirits. A. E. Norris, Montreal. 124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BOOK NOTICES. Dr. SKINNER’S CATALOGUE OF NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES. It is now nearly fifteen years since Mr. W. H. Edwards issued his “Revised Catalogue of the Diurnal Lepidoptera of America north of Mexico,” and it cannot therefore be said that the new ‘‘Synonymic Cata- logue of the North American Rhopalocera,” issued on 15th December last by Dr. Henry Skinner, appeared prematurely. In this catalogue, Dr. Skinner has followed very closely on the lines laid down by Mr. Edwards in his lists, so far as the species are concerned, and witha conservatism which is striking when compared with his rather sweeping radicalism as expressed in his article, “ Impressions Received from a Study of our North American Rhopalocera,” in Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV,, 107. A few, probably too few, species have been placed in the synonymy, but it seems strange, in view of what the author has written elsewhere, to see Argynnis Artonis, Clio, Opis, Bischoffii, Arge and Eurynome, all standing as distinct species. The order of the families and subfamilies has, however, been entirely changed, following that adopted by the same author in the Check List of 1891, beginning with the Danaine, and the other Nymphalid subfamilies following in order the Satyrine and Liby- theine closing the series, the Erycinide, Lycenidz, Papilionide and Hesperidz following in the order given. This grouping of the families, if not altogether satisfactory, and it is not so to the reviewer, seems certainly much more reasonable than that which places at the head as the highest type of butterfly the Satyrine, some of the species of which pupate in rudimentary cocoons. One very excellent feature of the work is the giving a separate line to each reference, which greatly aids the eye in finding what is wanted, but more care might have been exercised in giving the references, as quite a number of errors in the volumes or pages occur. One such error, which may be cited as a sample, occurs on page 52 under Chrysophanus Dorcas, where Scud. But. 3, 1380, should be 1830. Other misprints occur, at least it seems probable that spelling Phae- ton Phzeton is chargeable to the printer rather than to the author. In a few cases references are given which are of less interest than some which have apparently been overlooked, but the citations are so very full that really very little of interest seems to have been omitted. It will be noticed that under Colias Palzeno is placed Var. Werdandi, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 Herr.-Schaff. This is following the supplement of Kirby’s Catalogue, but Dr. Staudinger and Mr. Elwes give Var. Werdandi, Zett., as a variety of Colias Nastes, Boisd. The lists of authors and of works quoted are very complete, and the index giving both species and genera, the latter in heavy type, is very satisfactory. Altogether it is a most useful work and really indispensable to every worker on the North American Rhopalocera. It is issued by the American Entomological Society as part of their Transactions, but may be obtained separately from the author for $1.00. 1a Gs ea Ds CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE THEORY OF WARNING COLOURS AND MIMICRY. —By Frank Finn, B.A., F. Z.S., Deputy Superintendent of the Indian Museum, Calcutta. (Reprint from the Journal, Asiatic Society of Bengal.) Vols. LXIV., LXV., LXVI., LXVII., Part II., 1895-97. In this little book of 84 pages, Mr. Finn has brought together a number of separates of his papers, printed in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, on this very interesting subject. The experiments were made, largely, with birds, but a lizard, Cadotes versicolor, was used in one series, and a frog, Rava tigrina, and a Tree-Shrew, 7upaia Jerruginea, in another series ; in this last only a single individual of each species being used. The insects experimented upon were mainly butter- flies, including largely, of course, such as are supposed to be distasteful or warningly or protectively coloured. It is obviously impossible to go into the details of the many experi- ments carried out by Mr. Finn, and, therefore, only a synopsis of the results obtained are included here. As regarding the, in some instances, somewhat unsystematic experiments in the case of birds, Mr. Finn ex- plains that “experimenting on this subject was not always his main object in keeping the birds at all,” which leads us to suppose that, some- times at least, the results given are what might be termed bi-products, which, instead of detracting from their value,might be regarded as adding thereto, as he would certainly be free from all mental bias, so difficult to avoid in cases where one has laboured long and intensely on a very interesting problem. In regard to the lizard, Ca/otes, he states that ‘‘ the behaviour of these certainly does not appear to afford support to the belief that the butterflies, at any rate, usually considered nauseous, are distasteful to them.” 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In regard to the Zzpaza, Mr. Finn states that this animal has a very strong objection to the ‘“ protected” Danaine and Papilio aristolochia, as it so constantly refused them, and in case of the former, absolutely, and not, as with the birds, merely showing dislike by preferring other species. Of the tastes of the frog, sufficient data was not obtained to warrant any conclusions. Regarding birds (the Babblers especially) the author concludes as follows : “ry. That there is a general appetite for butterflies among insectivor- ous birds, even though they are rarely seen when wild to attack them.” ‘9, That many, probably most species, dislike, if not intensely, at any rate in comparison with other butterflies, the ‘ warningly-coloured ’ Danaine, Acrea viole, Delias eucharis, and Papilio aristolochia ; of these the last being the most distasteful, and the Danaine@ the least so.” “3. That the mimics of these are at any rate relatively palatable, and that the mimicry is commonly effectual under natural conditions.” “4. That each bird has to separately acquire its experience, and well remembers what it has learned.” ‘‘That therefore on the whole, the theory of Wallace and Bates is supported by the facts detailed,” in these papers, “so far as they deal with birds (and the one mammal used).” ‘‘ Professor Poulton’s sugges- tion that animals may be forced by hunger to eat unpalatable forms is also more than confirmed, as the unpalatable forms were commonly eaten without the stimulus of actual hunger—generally,” he adds, “ with- out signs of dislike,” which shows that, under the stress of hunger, they would likely exhibit even less nicety of selection. To future experimenters, Mr. Finn offers the following hints, derived from his own experiments : ‘‘r, Use animals at liberty for experimenting with if possible.” ‘“‘o, If these are not available, confine your subjects singly, and feed them well and zaturad/y, letting them be neither hungry nor pampered. Cages should be of portable size (about two feet every way) and made (for birds) of half-inch mesh wire netting with plain wooden floor without atray. This is to prevent insects from getting out or being concealed.” “3. Use wild-caught specimens in preference to hand-reared ones.” “4. Remember that the best and often the only way to determine an animal’s tastes ts to offer it a choice.” F, M. WEBSTER, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 CORRESPONDENCE. LARV#® OF XYELID#. Srr,—The Wiener Ent. Zeit. for March, 1899 (Vol. XVIII., p. 41). publishes an article by Mr. F. W. Konow, in which my description of Pleuroneura aviingrata is attacked. Ido not desire to enter any con- troversy in which the use of abusive language prevails, but as Mr. Konow asks some direct questions about the larva, I propose to answer them for his information. 1. The abdominal feet are present on all the segments, but quite small on the first and ninth, so that from the living larva I did not describe them on these segments ; in the inflated larva they are fairly distinct. Compare Mr. Young’s description of J/acroxyela ferruginea (Can. Ent., XXXI., 41), where the feet are even more prominent. 2. There are no anal stylets present. 3. The antenne are 6-jointed, situated just below and a little inward from the eyes. 4. The palpi are visible on the outside of the jaws when these are closed. 5. The length of the mature larva is about 27 mm. 6. Mr. Konow asks how the larve may be distinguished from the Lydide. I refer to my definition of the Xyelids, Can. Ent., XXX., 176. HarRIsoN G. Dyar. Department of Agriculture, Victoria, B. C., Feb. 28th, 1899. To the Eaitor Canadian Entomologist : Str,—I have read with much interest Prof. Enzio Reuter’s article in the January number of the CaNapIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, referring to the occurrence of the apple fruit miner, Argyresthia conjugella, in Finland, and I think the enclosed letter from Prof. Matsumura, of Japan, may prove of interest to the readers of the CANADIAN ENToMmoLOoGIsr. You will notice that his account of the Japanese pest, particularly with regard to its attack, tallies very well with what we have observed in British Columbia. The cocoon sent by Prof. Matsumura I am saving, and hope to succeed in breeding the imago next spring. I am unable to deter- mine positively by the cocoon if the insects are identical. J think that the important point as to the mode of egg-laying must be determined before we can feel satisfied with our knowledge of it. All of Prof. Reuter’s notes are of great interest to us here, but I cannot help thinking that the mention made of this insect attacking plums is a mistake, some observer having probably confounded the larve of Semasia prunivora with those of Argyresthia. E. A, CaREw-GIBSON, 128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Imperial Agricultural College, Sapporo, Japan, Dec. 7, 1898. Dear Sir,—I have duly received your letter. Dr. J. Fletcher, of Ottawa, Canada, has already suggested to me that Larverna herellera might be identical with your British Columbian Argyresthia conjugella, Zell. I have received from him a report concerning it, and am convinced that it must be quite identical. he mode of affecting the plant differs from that of yours, as I have mentioned in a paper published by the U.S. Division of Entomology (Bull 10, U.S. Div. of Ent., 1898), but some larve in this country seem to attack the fleshy part of the apple just in the same way as the larve of Z7ypeta do, tunnelling in every direction, especially through the superficial part of fruits, and disfiguring them. When an apple is attacked by these larvee, this fact is manifest on the outside of the fruit by a dusky green track, somewhat depressed, over the tunnels. Owing to a very wet season this year the insects were scarce, so that I could not obtain many specimens to rear, but I send you a single specimen of the cocoon, which may be of use for identification. I do not think that this insect is indigenous in Japan, but has probably been intro- duced from some foreign country. Formerly I thought that it must have been introduced from your country, until | was informed by Messrs. Howard and Fletcher that this was very unlikely. Carpocapsa pomo- nella, Schizoneura lanigera, Mytilaspis pomorum, Coleophora matlivorella, and Cacesia rosaceana, etc , have all been introduced here from America, and are all of them doing much damage to our horticulturists. Iam not yet positive where the eggs are laid, but the first trace of entrance is always on the side, so I naturally assume that the place where the eggs are laid must be onthe side. In Sapporo the earliest varieties of apple, such as Fameuse, Red Astrachan, etc., are more liable to be attacked, and the late varieties are less injured. The season during which fruit is liable to injury continues from June to November. I have often found the insect in stored apples even as late as the end of November. The spraying of trees against this insect is not practised, but in autumn the ground under the affected trees is scratched and raked, so as to expose the cocoons to thawing and freezing. The cocoons are not very deep in the ground, at most about two or three inches. Last year I sent Dr. Howard a single specimen of the imago, and regret that I have not any other good duplicates on hand, but I will send you some next spring if I am successful in rearing. Yours truly, M. Marsumura, Asst. Prof. of Entomology. To E. A. Carew-Gibson, Victoria, B. C. Mailed May 3rd, 1899, Te Wanatliay \ Pepys Vou. Coat. LONDON, _ JUNE, 1 1899. Nel G: ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. TORONTO BRANCH. At the third annual meeting of the Toronto branch of the Entomo- logical Society of Ontario, held in the Normal School Building, on Friday, April 7th, Vice-President Tyers in the chair, the officers were elected for the ensuing year as follows: President, Mr. Arthur Gibson ; Vice-President, Mr. E. M. Walker; Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. G. M. Stewart (233 Beverley street) ; Librarian. Mr. H. C. Austen. Members Messrs. R. J. Crew and S. R. Carter. The retiring President’s address, as read by the Secretary, contained some good suggestions, which, if carried out during the present year, will create more interest in the meetings and be of much benefit to the members. QUEBEC BRANCH. The second annual meeting of the Quebec branch was held on Saturday, April rs5th, in Morrin College, under the presidency of the Rev. Dr. Fyles. There was a large attendance of members and several new ones were admitted to the branch, raising the number to upwards of forty. The Treasurer’s report, which shows a good balance on the right side, was read and adopted. After the President had delivered his annual address, which was full of interest, the election of officers for the ensuing year took place, and resulted as follows: President, Rev. T. W. Fyles, D.C. L; Vice-Presi- dent, Miss Macdonald ; Secretary-Treasurer, Lt.-Col. Crawford Lindsay ; Curator cf Museum, Professor Walters. Council— Hon. Richard Turner, M.L.C., Mr. James Geggie and Mr. J. Eveleigh Treffry, Mrs. R. Turner, Miss Bickell, and Miss B. Winfield. MONTREAL BRANCH. The twenty-sixth annual meeting of the Montreal branch was held on May goth, at 74 McTavish street. The President, Mr. Henry H. Lyman, occupied the chair, and ten members and one visitor were present, 130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The President submitted the annual report of the Council, which recorded with satisfaction the continued success of the branch, alluding to the successful celebration of its twenty-fifth anniversary in November last. Eight meetings had been heid during the season and fourteen original papers read. Several of the members had again assisted the Natural History Society in its course of Saturday half-hour lectures to young people. The Treasurer’s report showed a substantial balance on hand, and, on motion, these reports were received and adopted. Mr. Lyman then delivered his annual address, making it his valedic- tory, on retiring from the presidency. He reviewed in an interesting manner the past history of the branch, giving statistics to show the progress made and thanking the members for assistance in carrying on the work. The election of officers was then proceeded with, with the following result: President, Mr. Albert F. Winn; Vice-President, Mr. Dwight Brainerd ; Secretary-Treasurer, Mr. Lachlan Gibb (re-elected). Council— Messrs. Henry H. Lyman, G. C. Dunlop, and A. E. Norris. The retiring President then vacated the chair, which was taken by the new President, who read an interesting paper on “ Collecting by Electric Light.” After spending a half-hour pleasantly in the examination of the specimens exhibited by various members and in discussion, a very successful meeting was brought to a close. FATAL TEMPERATURE FOR DIASPIS AMYGDALI, TRYON. In the CanapIAN EntTomo .ocist, Vol. XXX., pp. 78-80, the writer of this stated that a tree imported from Japan, and badly infested by this Coccid, had been transplanted to the insectary, but the other of the two trees mentioned was not, at that time, properly accounted for. It was planted outside, with a view of ascertaining the lowest degree of tempera- ture that the Déaspzs could withstand and not be destroyed. The lowest temperature reached in the winter of 1897-98 was — 9° Fahr., but, notwith- standing this, the species wintered over in sufficient numbers to increase considerably over the previous year. During the winter of 1898-99, just passed, the temperature fell to — 21° Fahr. during a single night and to from — 12° to — 18° Fahr. for several successive nights, with the result that the Diaspis amygdali appear to have every one succumbed, as nota single living individual can be found on the tree. F, M. WEBSTER. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 131 TWO NEW COCCIDA OF THE SUBFAMILY LECANINA, BY ADOLPH HEMPEL, S. PAULO, BRAZIL. EDWALLIA, N. g. Apparently related to Furmairia, Sign. 9. Scale waxy, hard, brittle, cone-shaped with radial ridges and furrows. Antenne five- jointed. Anal-plates curved ; the two together forming a ring. Each plate is furnished with ten long hairs. Type, 2. rugosa. Edwallia rugosa, n. sp. ?.—Scale white ; wax hard and brittle, cone-shaped, having the appearance of a barnacle, and radially ridged or fluted like the shell of FPecten. The base is slightly oval in shape, being wider anteriorly than posteriorly ; the anterior side is slightly convex, so that the top of the scale is caudad of the middle. A number of fine concentric rings run around the scale parallel to the base. The inside of the scale is shiny and quite smooth. Adult 9 fills the entire scale. Derm smooth, lemon- yellow in colour. Around the margin of the body there is a row of about 210 small sharp conical spines, and near the margin on the dorsal surface there is a double row of minute hairs. The stigmatal areas are charac- terized by one large curved spine, with a round spot at the base ; and by a group of from 13 to 19 small round glands. The caudal cleft is very short, each lobe bears a hair longer than the marginal spines. Anal orifice surrounded by a chitinous ring, within which is the anal ring bearing six long hairs. Anal plates. curved, irregular, triangular, the dorsal side longer than the ventral side. Each plate bears ro long hairs, two of which are straight and spinelike ; the others are longer and more flexible. Three are situated on the dorsal surface and 7 on the ventral. The plates are so placed that they together form a second anal ring with 20 hairs. Just in front of the anal ring there is a group of about 20 small round spinnerets. Antenne five-jointed, .12 mm. long. Joint 3 the longest ; joints 1 and 5 are about equal in length ; joint 4 is about half the length of 3; and joint 2 is the shortest. Formula 31542, or 3(15)42. All the joints bear hairs ; joint 3 bears two, one of which is quite long; joint 5 has five hairs. Legs ordinary, coxa and trochanter each with a subterminal hair. Femur wide, with a short sharp spine near the distal end ; tibia about as long as femur, the distal end enlarged and bearing one hair ; tarsus and claw not quite as long as tibia, two hairs on USP THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the extremity of the tarsus ; claw small, curved. Tarsal digitules very long and slender, with expanded ends ; digitules of claw about half as long as the others, ovate leaf-like. Mentum large, situated midway between the first and second pairs of legs; rostral loop reaching half way to the third pair of legs. Viviparous. ? Scale: height, 3.00 mm.; width, 1.50 mm.; length, 2.75 mm. Larva, just hatched.—Light yellowish-brown, ovate, margin ser- rated ; abdomen ending in two inconspicuous lobes, each bearing one long terminal hair. Anal ring with six long hairs ; two short hairs are on the abdomeu just in front of the anal ring. The two anal plates are indicated, each with about 6 small hairs. The prothorax and meso- thorax each bear a short thick spine on each side of the body. Antenne apparently five-jointed ; joints 5 and 3 being about equal in length. All the joints bear hairs, joint 5 bearing six, one of which is as long as the antenne. Legs long; trochanter with one long subterminal hair ; all the other joints with two hairs or more ; claw long and slender, digitules of unequal length, slightly expanded ; digitules of tarsus very long, hair- like. Four or more longitudinal rows of short spines on the dorsum. d.—Scale white, very thin, Lecanid, elliptical, not very convex. Divided into plates, one dorsal, two lateral on each side, and one terminal at each end. ‘The dorsal plate has a crest of broken wax. Length, 1.75 mm.; width, .75 mm. /Tab.—Sao Paulo, Brazil. On the small twigs of Hugenia jaboticaba, a tree found in the Brazilian forests, and cultivated for its fruit. I am indebted to Mr. Gustav Edwall for this species. He first found it and called my attention to it. It is not abundant. PULVINELLA, 0. S. g. Like Pu/vinaria, except that the ovisac is secreted below the insect, instead of behind it. The ovisac is cone-shaped, and when it is com- pleted, the insect rests upon it like on a cushion. Type Pulvinaria (Pulvinella) pulchella, n. sp. Pulvinaria (Pulvinella) pulchella, n. sp. 9 Adult.—Shiny, hard, elliptical, dorsum not very convex ; ground- colour dirty white, marbled with black on the ridges near the margin. Derm irregularly transversely wrinkled; one prominent ridge extends across the dorsum, slightly anterior of the middle. Beneath, chocolate- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Weis brown, except a narrow marginal stripe of dirty white. Caudal cleft about 1 mm. long. Boiled in a solution of KOH, it colours the liquid a dark amber. Antenne 8-jointed, .48 mm. long. Joint 3 the longest ; joints 4 and 5 considerably shorter; joints 1 and 2 about half as long as 3, and the other joints shorter. Formula 3(45)12867. All joints except joint 3 bear hairs. Legs ordinary, coxa with several hairs, and one short, sharp spine near the proximal end ; trochanter with one very long apical hair and two short ones ; femur stout ; tibia not quite so long as femur; tarsus half as long as femur ; claw long, stout, curved. Tarsal digitules very long, slender, with knobbed ends ; digitules of claw not twice the length of claw, stout with expanded ends. Mentum situated between the fore legs ; rostral loop long, reaching half way to the inser- tion of the last pair of legs. Anal ring with ten long hairs. There is a single marginal row of rather long, slender hairs. Stigmatal spines three, one long, slightly curved, two short and stout. A group of about 50 small round spinnerets is situated around each stigmatal area. Numerous filiform glands are scattered over the ventral surface. Anal plates small, both lateral sides being of equal length. Height, 2 mm.; width, 4.50 mm.; length, 6 mm. Ovisac cone-shaped, longitudinally fluted with about 16 ridges. The anterior part is secreted faster than the posterior part, so that the anterior edge becomes convex, and when it is completed the insect rests upon it in an oblique position. The ridges are closer together on the posterior edge than on the anterior. The colour is white with a faint creamy tinge. Length, 5 mm.; width, 3.75 mm.; height, 7 mm. Larva, just hatched.—Light brown, elliptical. Margin of body finely serrated ; a short hair is situated on each side of the body at each abdominal segment ; eight short hairs on the anterior margin between the antenne. The body is terminated posteriorly by two long sete and several small hairs. The prothorax and mesothorax each bear a long, straight spine, on the margin, on each side of the body. Antennz long, six-jointed, three the longest, and six the next ; the other joints sub- equal in length. Legs ordinary, tarsal digitules long, slender, with slightly expanded ends; one of them as long as tarsus. Claw long, curved ; digitules of claw slender, with expanded ends. Rostral loop long, reaching to the anal cleft. Hab.—Y piranga, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. On smal) twigs of Baccharis, sp. Not common, 134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SOUDRHERN NOCTUIDS “Aly RYE, N2-¥. BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. Remarks in a recent issue of this magazine concerning *‘ A South- erner arrested in Canada” recall some of the additions made to my local list during the summer of 1898. In this instance also some stragglers from a lower latitude were welcomed among my catch. Not only a few Noctuids but some of the birds also bore a Southern aspect (I cannot be expected to pass the birds unnoticed), most unusual among the latter being the appearance of several blue herons that frequented the salt marshes here for the better part of the summer. ‘These waders are more at home in the swamps of Florida, although this is not the limit of their northern migrations by any means, yet they are considered great rarities here by the local sportsmen. Whether the climatic conditions were such as to induce the visita- tions, or whether the great quantity of gunpowder that was burned down South caused them to be in evidence, I will not attempt to explain. In the case of the heron the gunpowder suggestion might have a little weight, but the freshness of my Noctuids points rather to a perma- nent residence on their part. Worthy of especial mention among these is Lucalyptera bipuncta, Morr. In the only previous reference to this species in former volumes (Vol. XV., 230) the insect is discussed concerning its position generically and is compared with Scolecocampa liburna and Doryodes acutaria. As one unfamiliar with the species could get but a poor conception from these associations, and as the literature is in no way burdened with references to this insect, I will mention a few points descriptive of its general appearance. In my specimen, a male, the form is very slight, palpi prominent projecting forward and upward, the antennz show extremely fine pecti- nations under a pocket magnifier. The colour is light smoky gray, the secondaries a trifle the darker. The transverse posterior line is the only conspicuous marking of the primaries, is strongly indicated, smoky brown, and curves well outwardly near the costa, but does not in my specimen reach the costal vein. Two small, black dots, suggestive of the name, are noticeable, one— the larger —indicating the orbicular, and the other, very minute, equi- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. rs distant between it and the t. p. line. The secondaries are without markings. The insect expands twenty-two millimeters, and was taken at light, Aug. roth. Another species of perhaps rarer occurrence was Afethmia recti- fascia, Grt. My acquisition of the latter was in this wise: While assist- ing a lady friend, who had just begun collecting, in naming a very fair two-months’ catch one evening last August, our attention was drawn to a small moth that had flown in at the open window and was resting on the window shade. The question, ‘‘Oh! what is that one?” was too much for the oracle, and with an apologetic hint that it was something very good, I was presented with the specimen for further deliberations. Here was another instance of the good luck that generally befalls beginners in having rarities come their way. I have noticed it repeatedly and recall my only capture of Eutelia pulcherrima, Grt., in the earliest days of my entomological experience. How it is that the specimen which J still possess has passed through the vicissitudes of the ‘‘cigar-box” collection, the ornamental display case on the wall, and lastly the transference from an unusually large, common pin, is more than can be imagined. And yet it stands a very passable example in my collection, antennv-less and leg-less to be sure, but for all that the most prized specimen that I have. Through the last ten years, since knowing what species it represents, a constant lookout for others has been kept, but without success, and I have begun to wonder if it will be necessary for me to begin all over again in order to secure another example. Regarding vectifascia, a word as to appearance may not be amiss, ‘as no mention of the species has thus far been made in the Canapran ENTOMOLOGIST. Since its description in 1874, the generic position has been twice changed by Prof. J. B. Smith, to whom I am indebted for the identification of my example. This species is of rather slight build, with wings full and normally developed, having a thin, silky vestiture that at first suggested to me (very wrongly) that it might have a position some- where Acontia-ward. The antenne are simple, eyes and palpi promi- nent, the latter projecting upward. The primaries are a pale, shining olivaceous, crossed by three lines or fasciz, as in the case of Chloridea rhexia, S. & A. The first of these, which is nearer the middle of the wing than usual for the transverse anterior line, is about at right angles 136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. with the inner margin. ‘The second or transverse posterior line is more oblique, bending outward near the costa and with a more pronounced sweep than the following. The third or subterminal is margined inward- ly with a faintly darker shade of the ground-colour. The extreme outer margin and fringes show a golden lustre, The reniform is indicated by a straight mark of the same pale shade as the lines, and is at right angles with, though not touching, the costa. At the outer margin, near, but not on, veins three and four are two minute black dots. In a description of this insect in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., X., 247, no mention is made of these dots and they may be perhaps a sexual characteristic. The secondaries are lighter, discoloured white, of the same lustrous sheen, shading darker at the outer margin, but with fringes less golden than primaries. Expanse, twenty-four millimeters. Other captures, referable generally to a more southern fauna, are Polygrammate hebraicum, Hbn.; Laphygma frugiperda, S. & A.; Pro- denia eudiopta, Gn.; Plusia basigera, Walk.; Schinia lynx, Gn.; S. Thoreaut, G. & R. WINTER BREEDING OF DIABROTICA VITTATA IN FORCING HOUSES. In the ‘Journal of the New York Entomological Society” for June, 1896 (Vol. IV., No. 2, p. 68), the present writer recorded the occurrence, on December 28, 1895, of adults, and larve from one-half to two-thirds grown, of Diabrotica vittata, in a greenhouse near Cincinnati, Ohio, that was being used for growing cucumbers for winter market. The injuries inflicted upon the young cucumber plants were very serious, and resulted in a nearly total destruction of the plants. On March 25, 1899, serious injuries were again reported by the proprietors of these same green- houses, and the complaint was accompanied by specimens of what, to all appearances, were the larvee of this same species. These larve were placed on the roots of a squash plant growing in the insectary, and on the morning of April 24th the adults made their appearance, thus showing that, under proper conditions, the species will continue to reproduce the year round, whereas out of doors, and under normal con- ditions, the insect hibernates in the adult stage. F. M. WEBSTER. Dr. A. Fenyes, of Pasadena, California, has set forth on a collecting tour in Mexico, Texas, New Mexico and Colorado, and expects to be absent for five months, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 137 THE SYNHALONIA OF CALIFORNIA. BY CARROLL FOWLER, BERKELEY, CAL. The material for this study was collected by Mr. H. O. Woodworth and myself during the spring and early summer of 1898. At Berkeley the collecting was carried on in a systematic manner, so that the number of each species taken gives a fair representation of their relative abundance. S. albicans and S. Edwardsii are the only species here- tofore recorded from California. ‘The species may be readily recognized by means of the following synopsis : Abdomen with distinct, white bands. Siiaihok more tham.25 in. in-lengti neem. 11-2... . albicans: At least .40 in. in length. Thorax with white pubescence, rather thin on ISGNS PROG Sep tes as oh Byala ee rd tes AON Cae. On Thorax with dense, reddish-brown pubescence....speciosa, ?. Abdomen not distinctly banded. Pale pubescence of the abdomen confined to the first segment. Thorax with dense, brownish pubescence. ................acerba. Thorax with rather thin white pubescence..........albopilosa, ¢. Pale pubescence extending more or less upon second abdominal segment. Third joint of the antenne shorter than the first......Edwardsii, ¢. Third joint as long as the first and second combined. .intrudens, ¢. 1. Synhalonia albicans, Prov. San Gabriel, Cal. (H.O. Woodworth), June 23. Twelve specimens. 2. Synhalonia californica, n. sp. t1 mm. Clothed with ashy pubescence, abdomen with white bands. 9? .—Head black, clothed with ashy pubescence; clypeus nude, coarsely punctured; antennz entirely black. Thorax black, opaque, very finely punctured, clothed with ashy pubescence, a little thinner on the disc; tegule reddish-yellow ; wings very slightly clouded; legs clothed with white pubescence, dense on posterior tbiz and tarsi, more or less yellowish on tarsi beneath; apical joints of tarsi brownish. Abdomen black, very finely punctured, narrow apical margins of the segments brownish ; first segment clothed with erect pale hairs, on base of second indistinct and sometimes wanting, and on apical margins of 2-5 a band of white appressed pubescence, brownish on middle of fifth. Ventral segments fringed with white hairs. Habitat,—Berkeley, Cal, May 1 and 9. Thirteen specimens. 138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3. Synhalonia speciosa, Cress. Berkeley, Cal., April 26 to May 1. Two females. Previously recorded from Colorado. 4. Synhalonia acerba, Cress. 9°. ¢.—Differs from @ in having the clypeus and labrum yellow, the antenne reaching back to the second abdominal segment and crenulated toward tips (third joint is shorter than the first), and the legs clothed with pale pubescence. The pubescence of the thorax, as in some females, is strongly tinged with fulvous. The male is readily distinguished from Edwardsii by having no pale pubescence on the second abdominal segment. Berkeley, Cal., six specimens; and San Mateo Co., Cal., two specimens. April and May. Collected upon Brassica campestris and Ranunculus californicus. Previously recorded from Nevada. 5. Synhalonia albopilosa, n. sp. 13 mm. ‘Thorax small, clothed with white pubescence ; abdomen large, oval. 4 .—Head black, punctured, clothed with griseous pubescence, thin on clypeus ; clypeus, except upper margin, and labrum, yellow ; antenne entirely black, reaching slightly beyond the second abdominal segment, crenulated toward tips, third joint shorter than the first. Thorax black, finely punctured, not as broad as abdomen, clothed with rather long, white pubescence, not entirely concealing the surface ; tegula black in front, brownish behind ; wings hyaline ; legs clothed with pale pubes- cence, apical joints of the tarsi brownish, intermediate tarsi long and slender. Abdomen oval, broader than the thorax, black, shining, finely punctured, apical margins of the segments pale brown; first segment with thin, erect, white hair, 2-5 with short, thin, black pubescence, a very little white on the sides of the second, and that on 6-7 dark brown. Venter almost nude, otherwise as above. Habitat.—Berkeley, Cal., April 18. One specimen, collected upon Ranunculus californicus. 6. Synhalonia Edwardsii, Cress. Berkeley, Cal., March 15 to May g. Sixteen males, collected upon Brassica campestris, Ranunculus cali- fornicus, and Malvastrum capense, in botanic garden. 7. Synhalonia intrudens, Cress. Berkeley, Cal. March, fourteen males ; and April 26, one male. Tulare, Cal. (H. O. Woodworth), May 10, three males. Collected chiefly upon Brassica campestris, Previ- ously recorded from Nevada, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF MASSACHUS- ETTS COCCIDA.—II. BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. Ortheziine. (21) Orthezia insignis, Dougl. ; 1887-1892. I. Found at Amherst and Cambridge, Mass., in greenhouses. A very general feeder on greenhouse plants. It is recorded from New York, Pennsylvania, and California. Lecaniine. (22) Kermes galliformis, Riley ; 1881-1897. N. A very abundant species at Lawrence, Methuen, Andover, Haver- hill, and Dracot, Mass., on white, black, red, and scrub oaks. It is recorded from Ohio, Colorado, New Mexico, New York, and Oklahoma. In Massachusetts it is attacked by a Lepidopterous larva, Euclemensia bussettella, and a new species of Ezcyrtus has been reared from it in large numbers. It is attended by a number of species of ants, the following already observed : Formica subsericea, Say.; F. obscuripes, For. ; Camponotus pennsylvanica, Deg.; Cremastogaster lineolata, Say.; and Lasius americanus, Em. In the spring of 1898 one adult female was found under a stone in a nest of Formica subsericea, Say, at Andover, Mass. (23) Kermes pubescens, Bogue ; 1898-1898. N. This is found to be quite destructive to young white oaks at Lawrence, Andover, and Methuen, Mass. It is parasited by Microterys cincticornis, Ashm. ‘The coccid was first described from Kansas. (24) Kermes nivalis, King and Ckll.; 1898-1898. N. A very pretty species and comparatively rare. Covered with a snow-like meal which soon disappears after the young begin to move about. It.is found on Quercus alba at Lawrence, Mass. (25) Kermes Kingii, Ckll.; 1898-1898. +N. Like the above, quite rare and handsome. Found at Lawrence, Mass., on red oak. Prof. Gillette has sent Prof. Cockerell specimens collected in Delaware. (26) Lecanopsis lineolata, King and Ckll.; 1897-1897. N. Found in the nest of Cremastogaster lineolata, Say, at Lawrence, Mass, 140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (27) Lecanium hesperidum, W..; 1758-1828. I. Described as Coccus hesperidum. Very common in greenhouses, and a pest not only in greenhouses, but also to many plants in dwelling houses at Lawrence, Mass.; on ferns, palms, ivy, and many other plants not yet identified ; recorded from Utah, Ohio, California, Florida, Georgia, New York, New Jersey, and Washington, D. C. (28) Lecanium coffee, Walk.; -1896. I. Syn. hemisphericum, Targ. A first-class pest on greenhouse plants at Lawrence, Mass.; on ferns and several other plants not determined. It is reported from Cambridge, Maine, New Jersey, New Mexico, California, Pennsylvania, and Washington, D. C., on Orange, Diospyros, Oleander, Chrysophyllum, Sago palm, and Croton variegatum. (29) Lecanium quercifex, Fitch. 1856-1898. N. On white oak at Lawrence, Mass. Parasited by ‘anew species of Coccophagus. Originally described from New York. (30) Lecanium quercifex, Fitch, var.; 1898. N. At Methuen, Mass.; on cork oak and an ornamental shrub. It is parasited by Aphycus lecanii, How. (31) Lecanium filicum, Boisd.; 1868-1869. I. According to Dr. Packard it has been found in greenhouses frequently. Prof. Cockerell informs me that this is only a variety of L. coffeze. (32) Lecanium corylifex, Fitch ; 1856-1898. N. A very common species at Lawrence, Andover, and Methuen, Mass. ; on hazelnut, Corylus americana, and is attended by Cremastogaster Jineolata, Say. It is parasited by Aphycus lecanti, How., Cornys fusca, How., MZicroterys, sp. A new genus, near Chrysoplatycerus, and a Tetrastichus, sp. (Hyperparasite), were found with one lot. The Coccid was originally described from New York. (33) Lecanium cynosbati, Fitch ; 1856-1898. N. Syn. Caryex, Sign. From Methuen, Mass.; on three-thorned locust, Gleditschia triacan- thos. It is attended by Formica subsericea, Say. Originally described from New York. (34) Lecanium tessellatum, Sign ; 1873-1898. I. Found by Mr. J. W. Folsom in the botanic gardens at Cambridge, Mass, (CkIl. in litt.). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 141 (35) Lecanium Kingit, Ckll.; 1898-1898. N. Quite frequently found on high-bush blueberry, Vaccinium corym- bosum, 1..; at Lawrence, Mass. (36) Lecanium tarsale, Sign.; 1873, var. 1898. N. On dogwood, Cornus alternifolia, at Lawrence, Methuen, and Andover, Mass. Generally found on the trunk of the trees, seldom on the limbs. It is parasitized by lastothrix longipennis, How. (37) Lecanium Fletchert, Ckll.; 1893-1898. N. At Lawrence, Mass., on Arbor vite. Itis found at New York by Mr. Pettit and was described from Ottawa, Canada. Found there by Dr. Fletcher on cedar. (38) Lecanium nigrofasciatum, Perg.; 1898-1897. N. Found at Methuen, Boston, Springfield, Holyoke, and Deerfield, Mass., on Acer rubrum and Acer saccharinum ; also found at Washing- ton, D. C.; Maryland, Georgia, Tennessee, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Delaware, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, and Florida. It 1s para- sitized by Aphycus flaviceps, How. Dr. Howard, who has had all the parasites reared by me for study, reports to me (in lvtt.) that these specimens were badly shrivelled, so he could not make the determination with absolute certainty, and that the parasite has been previously reared from Lecanium by Prof. W. G. Johnson at Champaign, Ill. Dr. Dimmock informs me that some of the trees were very badly infested by this scale, which has been nearly exterminated at Springfield by a parasite. The food plants in other localities are olive, vaccinzum, plum, apple, peach, birch, maple, Bumelia and ZLindera benzoin. It also occurs in Western Ontario, Canada, on maple. (39) Lecanium pallidior, Ck\l. and King ; 1899-1898. N. On a young native white cedar, Chamecyparis thyoides, at Methuen, Mass. (40) Lecanium caryea, Fitch ; 1856-1898. N. At Lawrence and Methuen, Mass.; on pignut hickcry and wild red cherry. The writer has endeavored to find the original type of Fitch’s species. At present it looks as though there are none to be found. Prof. Cockerell will in the near future redescribe the species, as it is very much confused with many others, owing to the very short and incomplete description by Fitch. The unrecognized Lecanium platycerii described by Dr. Packard in 1869, said to be common in greenhouses in Massachusetts, was probably Lecanium coffee, Walk. 142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (41) Lecanium ( Saissetia) anthuriti, Boisduval; 1868, var. ‘This insect was referred to Mr. Cockerell, who supplies the following remarks : “Length 2, breadth 1%, height little over mm.; pale reddish- brown to brownish ochreous, broad oval in outline, fairly convex, shiny ; with weak ridges forming an H, as in the o/ee group; these ridges marked, as in Beaumontie, by rows of waxen or glossy patches. Dermal structure as in coffee, and exactly as Signoret figures for anthurtt. Marginai bristles of two sizes, about 24 and 39». Legs a little larger than coffee ; coxa 150, femur with trochanter 180, tibia 135, tarsus 84, claw 20, claw-digitules 30, tarsal digitules 52 ». ‘Tarsal digitules filiform, with asmall knob. Claw strongly curved, its digitules buibous at base, and with large round knobs at the end. Antenne practically as in coffee ; segments, (1.)39, (2-)42, (3.)54) (4-)42, (5-)39, (6.)30, (7.)24, (8.)36 p. Formula: 3(24)(15)867. This is evidently very close to Z. coffee, but the specimens seem to be adult, and in that case they cannot belong to that species. They very nearly agree with anthuriz as described by Signoret, but are half a mm. shorter, and very much flatter ; the tibia also is not twice as long as the tarsus, as it should be in azthurii, In many respects the insect is very like Z. Beaumontia, as described by Douglas, but the description is very inadequate. The present insect was found by Mr. King on grass in q greenhouse, so its native country is uncertain. On the whole, it seems more discreet to leave it as ‘anthurii, var.’ than to give a new specific name.” (Cockerell, litt, March 23, 1899.) Originally found on Anthurium (Ckli. in litt.). (42) Pulvinaria innumerabilis, Rathv.; 1854-1869. N. Syn. Aceri- corticis, Fitch. Quite frequently found through the State on maples and perhaps on other food plants, and is preyed upon by /yperaspis signatus and Chilocorus bivulnerus; an Encyrtus sp., Aphycus sp., and Chiloneurus albicornis, How., have been reared from it. Recorded from Washington, D. C.; Virginia, New Jersey, New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Indiana, Illinois, Colorado, Washington, Utah, Oregon, Ohio, Florida, Kansas, Missouri, Michigan, New Mexico, Nebraska, and Western Nevada, on box elder, maple, locust, elm, woodbine, currant, gooseberry, plum, peach, hawthorn, mountain ash, Lombardy poplar, weeping willow, upland willow, swamp willow, flowering currant, osage orange, oak, linden, rose, hackberry, sycamore, spindle tree, beech, and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 sumac. ‘There is much doubt about the identity of the species on all of the above food plants. The only way to be sure about these Pu/vinarta spp. will be to get a large number, say 25 or 50, of each and measure all the antenne and legs. (CkIl. in litt.) (43) Pulvinaria tnnumerabilis, var. tilie ; King and Ckll.; 1898-1898. A variety readily recognized from iunuumerabilis by the colour of the female scale, which is gray with several black spots, giving it a mottled appearance. Found at Methuen and Lawrence, Mass., on Z2/ia amert- cana, white oak, and elm. (44) Pulvinaria Maclure, Kennicott in Fitch ; 1855-1898. N. What I take to be this species is found on Sumac. It is the largest of the Pulvinaria type found here, and not very often found. It has been recorded from New York, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania, on Osage orange. (45) Lichtensia viburni, Sign.; 1873-1898. I. The species is new to America and was found at Lawrence, Andover, and Methuen, Mass., on leaves of Spir@a salicifolia, L., and Prinos verticillatus. tis parasitized by Aphycus Lounsburyi, How. Dr. Howard, who has so kindly determined all the parasites of my rearing from coccids, also says (in litt.) that he agrees with me that the supposed Pulvinaria innumerabilis from different localities and food plants needs further study. THE MEDITERRANEAN FLOUR MOTH AGAIN. BY PROF. W. G. JOHNSON, COLLEGE PARK, MD. Some few weeks ago I had an inquiry referred to me by the Editor of the American Miller from a Canadian correspondent, who stated that the flour moth was less than fourteen miles away from his mill, in Wellington (Ontario) district. I contributed a short article regarding this moth in the May number of the American Miller, in response to which two other localities have been discovered. One comes from York district, along the Lake, and one from Leeds district, along the St. Lawrence River. It seems clear to me that this insect is spreading along the watercourses of the lakes and inland along the railroads. Four other cases were reported to me, with larve and pupze from each, from the United States side, one coming from Ohio, the first reported from that State, and three from New York. I also have one from Southern California. In every instance the pest has maintained its former reputation as a most dangerous insect. 144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. TAENIOCAMPA RUBRESCENS, Wa tk. BY J. ALSTON MOFFAT, LONDON, ONT. This interesting species has at last been added to the collection of the Entomological] Society of Ontario, by the industrious collecting of Mr. J. W. Bice, who took it at electric light in the season of 1898, and was recently identified for me by Dr. J. B. Smith. Zaenzocampa alia, Guen. —incerta, Hubn.—was in remarkable profusion during the early part of that season ; and ranging through an extent of variation that was quite confusing. ‘Three good specimeus of rubrescens were taken at the same time, each differing from the other in colour, and were picked out as possibly another variety of a/7a, but when seen by Dr. Smith, he pro- nounced my Nos. 3, 4, 5 to be Z: rubrescens, and his remark on them was, ‘“‘ A very pretty series, No. 4 being a new form to me.” It seems to be a somewhat rare moth. I find that it was first described and named by Walker in 1865, from a specimen in Dr. Bethune’s collection, and from there it has been transferred to the U. S. National Museum, where it is now deposited as the type of the species. As late as 1890, Dr. Smith redescribed it in Extomo/ogica Americana, Vol. VI, p. 123, as TZ: venata, from a single specimen taken by Mr. Bruce many years before, and concludes his remarks upon it thus : ‘‘ T have never seen anything to match this species, and do not think it can be readily confused with any of the described forms.” But he afterwards discovered that Mr. Walker had been there before him. Dr. Smith regards it as distinctly a northern species, it never having been taken as far south as New Jersey. In his 1893 Catalogue of the Noctuide found in Boreal America, he gives its habitat as ‘Canada, New Hampshire, northern New York.” One would suppose that a northern species would have far less difficulty in spreading southward than a southern one would northward, unless severely restricted in its food plant. Henry Edwards gives the food plants of T. incerta, Hubn., as “ Quercus, Salix, Prunus.” That of Z. rubrescens may be similar, but I have not found any reference to it, and collecting at light is not conducive to the discovery of food plants. A fine pair of Z: subterminata, Smith, was added to the collection at the same time, and in the same way. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENTOMOPHILOUS WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY SPHEGOIDEA. BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Paper No. 1.) In the Journal of the New York Entomological Society for March, 1899, I separated the Hymenoptera into ten superfamilies, viz.: I. Apoidea, II. Sphegoidea, III. Vespoidea, 1V. Formicoidea, V. Procto- trypoidea, VI. Cynipoidea, VII. Chalcidoidea, VIII. Ichneumonoidea, IX. Siricoidea, and X. Tenthredinoidea. In the following pages I now propose to give a classification of the second of these superfamilies, or the Sphegoidea, a large group of wasps at one time confused with the genuine fossorial wasps, but which may be readily separated from them by having the hind angles of the pronotum not extending back to the tegulz. Of all wasps these are the ones most closely allied to the bees. Some of the best entomologists of the past— Leach, Dahlbom, Haliday, Westwood, and others — held that the group represented many distinct families ; but quite recently some of our modern systematic workers —men of the highest attainments and ability—hold quite different views, treat this vast group as a single family, and would suppress or merge into a single genus many genera that were formerly considered good and distinct. ‘To use a slang expression, it is the old battle between the “ lumpers ” and the “splitters” revived, and the evolutionary problems taking place around us are ignored or misunderstood. I believe firmly both schools, if we may call them such, are honest in their beliefs ; but since I belong to the latter, it seems to me as if the students in the former were restrained or misled by affinities, or relation- ships, often obscure and indefinable, and overlook the fact that -evo- lutionary changes have already been accomplished ; and, because they 146 THK CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. find certain affinities, would treat all of these important changes that have occurred through ages of evolutionary forces as of no value or significance, This tendency to lumping I considera retrogression in our systematic workers, tending to confusion and to unwarrantable changes in our nomenclature ; and it is to combat this tendency and make an effort to restore to their proper standing these suppressed families and genera, in accordance with the views held by the older entomologists, that I present herewith, in tabular form, the only possible way of demonstrating thoroughly the value and utility of divisions and genera, my ideas on the classification of this great group of wasps. Before proceeding with my tables, however, and in order to afford a basis of comparison with my own views, it may be well to call attention to the views of two leading hymenopterists who have given much time and study to this group of wasps, namely, Mr. Wm. J. Fox, of the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, and Dr. Franz Kohi, of the Royal Hofmuseums of Vienna, Austria. In 1894, Mr. Fox, following the opinion of some of the recent European authorities, in his paper entitled ‘‘A Proposed Classification of the Fossorial Hymenoptera of North America,” treats these wasps as representing a single family. Hesays: ‘It has been evident for some time that the existing arrangement, that contained in Cresson’s Synopsis, is of little value, as it is too superficial. Entirely too many families, without characters to substantiate them, were recognized. The Sphegide, for instance, were divided into no less than nine families. Accepting these nine families would, it seems to me, necessitate the erection of families for such genera as Neolarra, Bothynostethus, Trypoxylon, and others, which stand more or less isolated and yet possess characters which connect them in one way or another with the formerly existing families, and would form more distinct families were they recognized than, say, the Mellinidee, Ampulicidxe, Nyssonidz or Bembicide. How these nine THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 supposed families have been disposed of the following pages will show.” Mr. Fox then proceeds with his classification of the Fossores without, however, giving a table for recognizing these families or even mentioning the salient characters that would distinguish them. He has not even given a single character for distinguishing this so-called family, Sphegidz, but begins by saying: ‘I would divide this vast family into five subfamilies as follows : Sphegine, Pemphredonine, Bembicine, Oxybelinze, and Crabronine.” Fox then goes on and separates these five subfamilies into tribes: The Sphegine he separates into two tribes, Sphegini and Ampulicini, upen most superficial and totally unreliable characters when the exotic forms are considered ; the Pemphredonine into two tribes, Psenini and Pemphredonini; the Bembicine, a most conglomerate mixture, into thirteen tribes, Philanthini, Mellinini, Nyssonini, Stizini, Bembicini, Neolarrini, Bothynostethini, Astatini, Diploplectrini, Miscophini, Larrini, and Trypoxylonini; while the Crabronine and Oxybeline are without tribes. The Oxybeline were first separated from the Crabronide in 1874 by the Swedish entomoligist, C.G. Thompson. I believe they represent a distinct family and have so treated them in my work. In 1896, Dr. Franz Kohl, who had, however, years before published much on these wasps, published his ‘‘ Die Gattungen der Sphegiden,” a most valuable work, in which he treats these wasps as belonging to a single large family, the Sphegide, which he divides into generic groups, allied groups, subgenera and species groups. The work is a masterpiece and should be in the hands of all students of these wasps. Dr. Kohl recognized nine generic groups, arranged in the following sequence : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 148 ‘sunvig ‘snydoosijq ‘sunvig ‘snyja}Soljos ‘yoy ‘uyosijpury snydoosiyy | "(yox ‘sish1yo snydoosip be" **+ ++ ++ ++ + *snydoosiyy ‘(auInuas) snydoosiyyy | ‘punes ‘sisdo[ajtn [YOY ‘sisuaiyo vy[jasa1[os ‘1yoxy ‘xjoulds vI[a1a1[0S ‘osiq ‘uorfAs ‘ayy ‘aopAxodAsy, "yig ‘snpiydoorny PROS) A (ins eecatea ites ta be fie ‘uosidvieg | Leese navorld . ‘ys ‘s “vysog ‘snjaqd&xQ ‘sunvig ‘eydiowojaqhxQ)) ....., sOaConTS ‘Ss ‘Ss “vysod ‘snao1wojsgq J a i ‘youd ‘oiqviovuy ‘Tyo ‘snyye Gapecoug.| qyeqd ‘snujeusowmoiuy | “ql4ed ‘sniuapury | ‘*sniuapuly -qiyeq ‘snisuAyorig ‘yoy ‘wnyedoyy ‘THON ‘o1qesD “VUANADTNS PalelSets “OBI S) SdNOUD SHIOAdS SdNOUD AHITITV anf ‘snydoostyy ‘xO ‘snjeoous]q | ‘TI le eee eee ‘ulds ‘e[[2191I]OS ge, SPs inp ate “13e'T ‘PI3]IN ‘xO ‘sisdouosig | | “'* gunn f ‘uostd | Sate “se s+res “inf ‘uosig | aL | Sr fact ie SU Sa ig | ‘snjaqAxO “*o1qeis T Biel @) ® cele es Bie, (ein eps Org ula) ‘SSdNOUD OIANAOANS ‘SdNOUD OLAUNAD 149 ENTOMOLOGIST. THE CANADIAN ‘ulds ‘eyjapndig |. , ‘ulds ‘eyeysy J [yoy ‘sajorpoyds | (‘yonys) ‘wes ‘snioydooras | Sy "wg ‘saya A101[9 ‘weysulg ‘eusiyURIOy |. ‘yoy ‘snSo0srihydey J ‘sy “enaseig > “qe “SINT ‘2]SOZ) ‘P1U030}0N ‘YOM ‘siupeseg THOS “sai0W qe ‘elle'y WS ‘BUdXRLe’] ‘zneg ‘sayAyouy, [yox, ‘xeydsfyor J, ‘yoy, ‘enaseidvieg ‘YO, ‘shaquiesowofy ‘ulds ‘snotdasojjsery "vso7r) ‘eisedidosoig | ‘xO ‘vUUOIsIouy | ‘xoq ‘uonoatdojdiq | ‘payejosy =| Peel eee ‘yoxy ‘wniydsoz rrees ss gnroydoouas ‘eq “Snigled ‘inf ‘snjoulqd ‘yoy, ‘snsosvikyde'y] . PL SS eS ‘Ss ay C11eT "eS zea Savayoe ys J “Avg ‘eposd’] TORT ‘eyeISV aX Pee Cael ee 281A | ‘AI THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 150 CO _ ae ‘SSI1D ‘SlIddIION | —Y ‘qiyeq ‘snwsapiq | ‘uidg ‘snqauey99 Nj ; PoE pate eee “eT ‘1120120 | Rese eye Me FUSS ita iat) bio 1G, ‘(auinuas) ‘q[yq ‘sl490199 © ayeg ‘sdoyuepydy’ Iqeq “snqvarlind ‘snp yy ‘snuodoriyg IITA ‘snpy ‘sndfyowry Ls “yoy ‘snyjueyyg / Cine SnpMOUMy sa en e eee | ‘yo ‘snypurpiyg J ys 's “you ‘snyquepiyg ‘wg ‘snylajsoujUuPOY | *$SO1“) ‘uossAuodd py fein) 0. 4ocp-id) Way ie. ho” calorie ie ahiebda ra mletahie igs tamisll clone "+ ** (payeposT) ‘eT ‘uosAN "WOssdNy | ‘puey ‘saynaydvsg |... ‘ | Hox ‘stmaisoudipag J... | > THOR “sniesamiinos | [ ‘uosdpy WSOM SIOUIPIC Lo eee cs ce eee eect ee ee eet tee ee ee eng ‘'s ‘Quun{ ‘aosdpy ILA ys ‘s “anf ‘uosdyy J (10ST) (IPH) “47T ‘saxdr0n (‘Jos]) ‘IpueH ‘enyoy "yonys ‘sn4slaxy ‘qiyeq ‘snisayds | ‘Yo ‘e1yosi|pur py oromec ewan 0-7 OO acid Hey] ‘snzis ‘IpueyY ‘snzus ‘Vey ‘ejnpauoyw | ‘"qeq ‘xoquog ‘LA ([os]) ‘quq ee (‘[Os]) ‘q[yeq ‘snouasowmojuy | "AVS ‘BI[OIUDIS “mIng ‘ejnpiquiag WECZ ORO 7) A 59) 1d ie; tees) le) (a eee. ie ne . xoqwoaq ed baleen ‘qey ‘xoquiog ‘YON ‘snsneoolapy ‘pazelOs] ‘VAANADANS ‘SdNOUD CGAITTIV SdNOUD OIAYNADANS ‘SdNOUD OLYANAD 151 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. "tsa, ‘euody "USd AA “BSOUILIN "mod ‘sadijnuue uasg | “WISI AA SBIMLOG[ Ye = ‘WSaA\ viodosayy =(autnuas) iy] Suasg / ‘(auinuas) ‘inf ‘xorndury | , ‘mysaqy ‘sisdouryy! "e\SsOZ ‘euavydsosjser) [YO ‘sapowed ‘yytus ‘xaydsevieg | ‘yoy, ‘xaydsorea “‘Sqyosy, ‘xaydsopnasg ‘squos ;‘eptydowuesdeiseg | , ‘yoy, ‘eprydowury | ‘uidg ‘snyeudcy | ‘IS *s Ciqeg ‘unipog J ‘qiued ue SIEM) 3 ‘wosydipaos | ‘ds ‘1 ‘snaodojad | ‘IL ‘snure}dowwy ‘yonys ‘euauroyids ‘zneg “ys “inf ‘snusns ‘ssneg ‘snysiualog | ‘Iys *s “yonys ‘snoavojesseg J ‘usa ‘snqalydiq | ‘yonys ‘snsoydojzei9g "yonys ‘uopaiydurag | (qlyeq ‘uesg =) [yor ‘snjnuasg (eC ORC Ch Tse ece ah Ge Lye EO OE lia meek | aS (Sle Xo CU, le ; ‘MySo\\ ‘ewojojaydy | ‘ys ‘s ‘xoyds> ‘ye ‘eiuoposy ioutelp) in), RST 8) 6. (ene) Jae “Sars sah ‘xayds "tess s+ sndojeduey qe ‘UOLIO|YD ‘qrueq ‘epiydowuuresg | Gite mye. Slants “quyeqd ‘ep ydommy ‘Aylag ‘sisdouogsiry, eat "s “iqeg ‘wunipog as cate IPI Tez) 1 ‘aosydyaos | ee Boyne pice per bcearet aoa * TYoxy ‘SNUISIIS ») (‘[Osy) ‘wg ‘snrydoyordie zy | (‘[Os]) “ang ‘snjyuopolcq | ‘T's “yonys ‘snaoyesseg nae | | eee eee ree ‘IVT ‘uopoiydwag | ****uopaiyduag TX ‘Nees TU OST mas "MYSI AA ‘BULDOIII “yerT ‘snanyoryc q | | een, ese tresses Gun ‘xamnduy eo 0 eter ‘xoyds CincyiChe ec ts * kquyy ‘erydowwy xe “ps “CAQMY) “TIT ‘uosydiyaag | 152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Every one must and will appreciate the immense work performed by Dr. Kohl in this contribution, and I feel sure the thanks of all work- ing hymenopterologists go out to him for it. His tables are excellent, and with these and the fine figures of venation, representing nearly every known genus, no student will have any difficulty in placing in its proper genus any of these wasps he may capture, provided they are described. I think, however, some will take exception to his peculiar views in regard to the rank and value he has given his generic groups, subgeneric groups, allied groups, subgenera and species groups. Nor do I think they will always agree with him in his arrangement of some of these groups. In some cases, at least, according to my views, he has not been successful in showing the true affinities of the groups, and has brought into juxtaposition groups and genera that are widely separated. For instance, I do not consider his group Pemphredon (representing the old family Pemphredonidz) to have any affinity whatever with Ampulex (Ampulicide), next to which he has placed it. Other similar incongruities might be pointed out, but since my views in regard to the rank, affinities and arrangement of these wasps are incorporated in the following tables, it will not be necessary to call attention to them here ; they will become apparent in my table, and may be readily detected on a comparison of my arrangement with his. My arrangement of the families recognized is as follows: SUPERFAMILY II.—Sphegoidea. Table of Families. Middie tibize always with two apical spurs........... : Basie ley cose tie Middle tibiz with only one apical spur (occasionally sheent in some males). Median cell in hind wings not twice as long as the submedian, the latter often the longer ; front wings with two or three submar- ginal cells; if with one only the head transverse, not quadrate.. 2 Median cell in hind wings fully twice as long as the submedian ; « front wings with only one submarginal cell, very rarely with an indistinctly defined areolet. Head transverse, the temples not very broad ; scutellum mar- gined, the postscutellum armed with a spine, thorn or forked process and with squamz; front wings with the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. L53 first discoidal cell obliterated, rarely distinct, most fre- quently confluent with the second discoidal cell. Lat OS. .. Family XV., Oxybelide. Head Vaio Gradinte or 1 trapeaoil the temples very broad ; scutellum normal, the postscutellum unarmed athe squame ; front wings with the first discoidal cell always dis- tinct, separated from the second... Family XVI., Crabronide. 2. Abdomen with a strong constriction between the first and second seg- ments ; eyes often emarginate within. alee. shoes arias a Sha Abdomen without a strong constriction Abewreen shed erst and second segments ; eyes most frequently normal, rarely emarginate within. Abdomen: Sessile; never, petiolates. snes =f -tehgyetesreperiele tes 3: Abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate; cubitus in hind wings usually originating before the transverse median nervure, more rarely interstitial or originating slightly beyond it; transverse median nervure not sinuate °-shaped ; ocelli dis- tinct; labrum most frequently hidden, rarely triangularly exserted, never free......,.. Family XVII., Pemphredonide. 3. Labrum large, free, well developed and triangularly elongated, much longer than wide; cubitus in hind wings usually originating be- yond the transverse median nervure, the latter sinuate or some- what Bee ocelli aborted, represented by cicatrices . ie ie ahe eee .. Family XVIII., Bembicide. Labrum eeeill not fre enllly commleiay hidden by ane clypeus ; cubitus in hind wings most frequently originating beyond the trans- verse median nervure, the latter straight, not @-shaped ; mandibles often emarginate on under side ; ocelli distinct or at most with the lateral or hind ocelli aborted or wanting, indicated by cicatrices ; front wings with a distinct stigma. ......... Family XIX., Larride. 4. Head wider than the thorax, the temples not narrow, rather broad ; eyes most frequently normal; rarely deeply emarginate within, although often slightly emarginate within; abdomen most frequently sessile or subsessile, rarely petiolate ( Zachypus, Klug), not elongate, ovate or oblong-oval, and most frequently with a deep constriction between the segments, or at least always with a constriction between the first and second ; front wings with three submarginal cells, the second often petiolate, the second and third each receiving a 154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. recurrent nervure; cubitus in hind wings variable, interstitial or nearly, or originating far beyond the transverse median DCLYELCR amie. Ss. x yh mae pees ete Family XX., Philanthidz. Head not wider than the thorax, the temples very narrow or flat ; eyes always deeply emarginate within, or reniform ; abdomen elongate, clavate, the first segment elongate, petioliform ; front wings with two submarginal cells, the second, however, usually more or less indistinct or subobsolete ; cubitus in hind wings originating beyond the transverse median nervure......... Family XXI., Trypoxylidee. 5. Abdomen without a constriction between the first and second seg- ments ; intermediate coxe not contiguous....... SPAMS At 2 AG Abdomen with a more or less distinct constriction ctieds the first and second segments, the first segment coarctate; intermediate cox contiguous ; mesosternal suture Wanting pee... So AL acy Seen Family XXII., Mellinide. 6. Mesosternum produced into a forked process posteriorly ; mese- pisternum not ee mesonotum with distinct parapsidal furrows. SMe witys « SEs 4 ihe Ses Medosenaite Aocal, not pada ueentee into a ‘torkeart process posteriorly ; mesepisternum separated ; mesonotum without parapsidal furrows, or at most only vaguely defined. Abdomen distinctly petiolated........... Prk deaalec 88 le seller a Abdomen sessile or subsessile. Labrum not free, entirely covered by the clypeus, or at most with only its apex visible; cubitus in hind wings originating Jefore the transverse median nervure, rarely slightly beyond it, the latter most frequently straight, rarely simuate or somewhat cShapedes. . .. aoe ... Family XXIII., Nyssonide. Labrum free, well developed, subtriangular or semicir- cular, wider than long; cubitus in hind wings originating usually before the transverse median nervure, the latter strongly sinuate or somewhat c-shaped ; ocelli distinct. 79.4... dee ee amily ekoe Vig oti das 7. Clypeus never produced posteriorly between the antennz, the latter inserted above the base of the clypeus ; metathorax most frequently rounded posteriorly, very rarely with acute angles ; cubitus in hind THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1955) wings variable, most frequently originating Jdeyond the transverse median nervure, more rarely interstitial... Family XXV., Sphegide. 8. Clypeus posteriorly usually carinate or produced between the insertion of the antenne so that its basal margin is beyond a line drawn from their base; anteriorly it is often rostriform carinate, or at least more or less produced medially ; metathorax usually long, abruptly truncate posteriorly with the angles acute or toothed, although sometimes the angles are rounded ; pronotum rather long, conteally produced) ss...) 4...2.08ee Bam DOOV EL; A mpulicidz: CORRESPONDENCE. SPILOSOMA CONGRUA, Walk. Str,—As I understand the Rev. Mr. Fyles’s recent article on Spilosoma congrua, \t is contended (1) that S. comgrua, of Walker, is the same as .S. avtigone, Strecker, and (2) that cu#ea, Drury, is also antigone, not fextor, Harris. To the former proposition I am inclined to assent on the following grounds : 1. Grote, who made the first examination of Walker’s specimens, recognized in them a distinct species. 2. Walker knew cunea, Dru., and well separated it from his congrua in these words (Cat. brit. Mus., III., 667): A. Ale antice albe. B. Abdomen non maculatum. a. y Alas Sat) anguStzs ong pees.) a «iy CUED, LUT. bes Adee) lattes... 2.10 eee: wae COneKua, Walker 3. Prof. Smith’s statement (Ent. Amer., V., 119), that Walker’s description of congrua does not apply to antigone was doubtless due to his not having before him any specimens of Mr. Fyles’s variety “‘f.” We may then return to the old synonymy of the species : S. congrua, Walk. antigone, Strk. The larva has been described in the following places : 1870. Saunders, Can. Enr., III., 36 (as © cunea). Eooo, Ebalst.sKint.)Amer:,’ LI... 1.5: 1889. Soule & Elliot, Psyche, V., 263. 156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1895. Packard, Journ..N. Y. Ent. Soc., 1T1., 177. 1697: Dyar, Joumt N.Y. Ent, Soc.) V., 1310: 1899. Fyles, Can. Ent., XXXI., ro1. I am familiar with the larva, as I have found it at Keene Valley and Rhinebeck, New York, and Fort Lee, New Jersey. My larve had six stages, not five, as given by Mr. Fyles. The widths of head were .35,.5, 8; 1.3) tO myAgs 2 to 2/2, 27 to-¢ mm) The ‘fullgrown larva Walker record, which was inadvertently left in. In my own collection . there are no Southern specimens of antigone, and all the specimens in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 175 the National Museum are from points north of New Jersey. The insect is with us decidedly rare, and only isolated specimens occur. I have never in any collection here seen the banded forms which Mr. Fyles describes, and the indications are all that the insect is rather boreal than otherwise, and would hardly be expected to extend south into Georgia, except possibly as a very rare species. It becomes extremely doubtful, therefore, whether, in a general collection such as that made by Mr. Milne, three banded specimens of avtigone, so different in size, would be represented. On the other hand, cwwea is common in the South, and the banded form is almost as frequent at some seasons as is the white. In all the specimens of aztzigone seen by me there is very little variation in size, and they are indeed remarkably uniform. I have six examples, ranging from New York to South Dakota, and between the extremes there is no difference of four lines, while the smallest specimen exceeds considerably the sixteen lines mentioned by Mr. Walker. Of cunea I have a large series, part of them bred, part captured, and among them specimens that attain twenty lines in expanse. On the other hand, I have some that are only half that size. Nearly all the Northern specimens run small; the Southern specimens, on the other hand, mostly run large. It is also worth noting that there is considerable variation in wing form in the specimens of cuzea, the width varying from 5 to 8 mm. in almost the same wing length. So we have in cumea a variable species that is known to extend well into Georgia, whose range of size equals that given by Mr. Walker, which is common, and of which three speci- mens inight easily be picked up in general collecting. We have, on the other hand, amtzgone, which is generally rare, which, even in the latitude of New Jersey, is taken very infrequently, in single specimens only, and in immaculate or almost immaculate forms, which becomes more common northwardly, and of which we have no records of captures in the South. Four lines, or one-third of an inch, is a considerable range of variation. None of my examples exceed and only one equals the twenty lines given by Walker, and none are less than full 17 lines. It seems to me, aside from the statements made by Mr. Butler, that the probabilities are against Walker having had three specimens of banded antigone before him, while it would be an easy matter for him to get that number of specimens of large, banded cumea. I cannot, under the circumstances, feel, therefore, that the case is entirely proved, and that we have any real justification for changing the synonymy as it now stands in the lists. 176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ASPIDIOTUS (TARGIONIA) HELIANTHI, sp. nov. BY PERCY J. PARROTT, MANHATPAN, KANSAS. 9 scale 1.6 to 1.8 mm. in diameter, .5 to .6 mm. in altitude, circular, quite convex, roughish, a light brown with slight tinge of pink ; ventral scale thick, white at centre with brown on margin, not easily separated from scale, when detached from host plant leaves but a very slight trace of white; exuviz sublateral, often nearly marginal, orange, covered with whitish secretion. ? oval, deep yellow, with dark brown on margin of posterior segment, and yellowish brown about mesal lobes and region of pro- boscis. When boiled in caustic potash becomes transparent, with mesal lobes a yellowish brown, and region of proboscis a reddish brown. Ovediotira FA Fic. 30. There are three pairs of lobes; mesal large, more narrow at base, broadening posteriorly, almost contiguous at apical end and quite widely separated at base, distal end either notched so as to resemble a human molar or almost truncate and broadly rounded on outer margin ; second and third pairs of lobes small, bilobed, and mere tooth-like projections, In some specimens there is a small rudimentary fourth lobe. The margin laterad of third pair of lobes very notched. ‘The first interlobular opening broad, in some specimens equalling in width the base of mesal lobes. Plates simple and short, projecting very little above margin. There are generally two to each incision; those of first incision the largest, the remaining apparently very rudimentary. Spines small, one on lateral of each lobe. Anal opening quite distant from margin. Tubular glands very numerous, as will be seen in drawing. This species was found by the writer on March 24th, 1899, on roots of a sunflower, He/ianthus annuus, near Hackberry Glen, Wabawnsee Co., Kansas. ~I]} THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ay THEY NORTH VAMERICAN SPEGIRSSy OF ~ORPHULELLA; BY SAMUEL H. SCUDDER, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. By the kindness of Prof. L. Bruner I have recently been able to study specimens of the South American Orphula pagana Stal., the type of the genus, and so to compare its structure with that of our native species latterly referred to Orphula. By this it appears, as Mr. Bruner has pointed out to me in correspondence, and as Mr. A. P. Morse has suggested (Psyche, VII., 407), that our species should be referred rather to Orphulella, separated by Giglio-Tos from Orphula in 1894, though this was afterwards regarded by him as having only a subgeneric value. Orphula in the stricter sense of the term is not, so far as I know, represented in the United States. Orphulella is the most widely dis- tributed genus of North American Tryxaline and the most abundant in species. Those known to Prof. J. McNeill in his recent revision of our Tryxalinz were well separated by a table which I have here made the basis of a new one to include a considerable number of new forms. Besides describing these, I have added notes of distribution of the others, based on the collections in my hands, and given their principal synonymy. Table of the North American species of Orphulella. A‘, Discoidal area of basal haif of female tegmina generally plainly narrowed distally, where it is nearly always occupied by a single row of cells and is plainly narrower than the ulnar area at its widest part ; ulnar area of male occupied by a single row of cells, rarely (tepaneca*) partially divided into two sets by an irregular spurious vein. 6". Lateral carine of pronotum parallel or very faintly arcuate on the prozona. c’. Male antenne no longer than head and pronotum together, basally depressed and apically acuminate or subacuminate. ad‘, Pronotum less obtusely angulate; prozona and metazona subequal in length ; tegmina generally not surpassing the hind femora, the discoidal area in both sexes with a spurious vein running through the middle, dividing it into two sets of cells ; ulnar area with a similar (?) or interrupted (#) spurious vein, Making ‘ar SuMILAr GLVISION .....;je eee ey et on A bind aaah CCD ONECH. BIt\is a little difficult to say into which division tepaneca should fall, as it is somewhat variable ; by the male it falls best here ; by the female under A2, 178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ad’, Pronotum very obtusely angulate ; prozona distinctly longer than the metazona ; tegmina generally surpassing the hind femora, the discoidal area of both sexes more or less irregularly reticulate, but with no spurious vein ; ulnar area with a spurious vein in the Be in thegmaleies 3.1 Haga eed’: McNeill, Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Se, VI., 2309, pl 4, fig. 17b (1897). Orphula (Orphulella) olivacea’ Gigl.-Tos., Boll. Mus. Zool. Tor., Pehl Na... 301, 2 (1897): Mr. Morse has given me specimens taken by him at Stamford and Norwich, Conn., and I have others from Maryland, Uhler, and Georgia, Morrison, besides a number taken by C. M. Weed on Bermuda. Giglio- Tos reports it from Panama and Venezuela. ORPHULELLA VIRIDESCENS, sp. nov. Green throughout, the head more or less flavescent, the disk of the metazona somewhat feebly infuscated, and the upper part of the latera] lobes bordering the carine with a slender purplish fuscous stripe extend- ing to the eye. Head moderately large, the face only a little oblique ; fastigium a little depressed within the rectangulate margin ; frontal costa moderately prominent, plane and delicately punctate, narrowed above, 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. very gradually enlarging to the ocellus, below which it is subobsolete ; lateral foveole wanting ; eyes moderate, subpyriform ; antenne about as long as the pronotum, with the post-basal joints distinctly depressed. Prouotum rather short, fecbly rounded in front, slightly rotundato- angulate behind, the lateral carine subparallel, faintly sinuate, the disk narrowest behind the middle of the prozona, which is barely longer than the metazona. Tegmina barely surpassing the hind femora, the discoidal area scarcely narrowing distally and scarcely narrower than the widest part of the ulnar area, rather densely reticulate proximally, with two rows of irregular cells distally ; wings with the veins of the anterior area more or less roseate. Hind femora as long as the abdomen, not very slender, green, feebly ferruginous beneath. Length of body, 20 mm.; pronotum, 4 mm.; tegmina, 15.5 mm.; hind femora, 13 mm. t 9. Mt. Alvarez, Mexico, E. Palmer. ORPHULELLA SCUDDERI. Ophula Scudderi Bol., Mém. Soc. Zool. France, I., 142 (1888). I have specimens taken at La Firmina, near Bemba, Cuba, by Wright, and on the Isle of Pines by myself. ERRATUM. Page 121 (C. E., May, 1899), near the bottom, for ‘‘ Eudeopsylla” and “ Eudeopsylla nigra,” read ‘ Udeopsylla” and ‘‘ Udeopsylla nigra.” SOME NEW SPECIES OF DELTOCEPHALUS. BY E. D. BALL, FORT COLLINS, COLO. DEL TOCE PH AL US “A RE OL AED S,/merspi Resembling ¢mputans, Osb. & Ball, but with a much longer vertex ; vertex longer than in producta, Walk. Olive green, a spot on the middle and another at the tip of each elytron and all below black. Length, 9, . 4mm.; ¢, 3.5 mm.; width, 1.75 mm. Vertex flat, strongly acutely angled, the tip rounding, almost twice as long as the pronotum, fully twice longer than width between eyes, margin sharp, angle with the face acute; front depressed, almost as much above the ocelli as below, lateral margins straight, continuous with those of the clypeus; lore small, two-thirds the width of the clypeus ; pronotum THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 189 over twice wider than long — half the length within the anterior curve ; elytra flaring, venation of the reflex-veined type, the second cross nervure wanting, Colour: vertex yellowish olive, the tip ivory white, margined with black, pronotum olive, the anterior third yellowish, elytra pale olive, a large fuscous blotch back of the cross nervure between the sectors, and another on the margin of the third apical cell, reflexed veinlets white, margined anteriorly with fuscous, all below, except tarsi and part of the genitalia, black. Genitalia : female, ultimate ventral segment twice the length of the penultimate, lateral margins strongly narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin angularly excavated one-third the depth of the segment, with a rounding medially cleft tooth equalling the lateral angles ; male, valve triangular, the apex produced, plates narrow at base, nearly twice longer than valve, narrowing towards the blunt, angularly divergent apices. Described from one female from Arizona (Kunze), one from College Park, Md. (Johnson), and one male from Md. (Heideman). This is another of the reflex-veined group, and would fall between producta and imputans,; from the former it is readily separated by its colour, and trom the latter by the much longer vertex. DELTOCEPHALUS FLEXULOSUS, DN. sp. Form of reflexus nearly with narrower vertex and elytra, resembling abbreviatus in colour and ornamentation. Light cinereous, with the margins of the nervures and the markings on the vertex fuscous; face black above, white below. Length, ? 4mm., ¢ 3.5 mm., width 1.25 mm. Vertex one-third longer than pronotum, nearly that much longer than its basal width, disc flat, the margins sharp; face as in reflexus ; pronotum distinctly narrower than the eyes, twice wider than long ; elytra longer, narrower than in zzfatws, with a similar venation, veins on clavus separate or only connected by a cross nervure. Colour: light cinereous washed with pale yellow, traces of pale olive or fuscous lines on the pronotum ; margins and tip of vertex ivory white, an orange line just inside the margin and a fuscous circle around tip ; elytra pale, the nervures creamy white with narrow fuscous margins, a fuscous spot either side the cross nervure on the clavus, and a larger pair next the first cross nervure on the corium, the apical margin and the anterior margins of the reflexed veinlets fuscous ; upper half of face shin- 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ing black, with traces of four light arcs, lower half light lemon-yellow. Genitalia: female, ultimate ventral segment resembling adbdreviatus, twice longer than penultimate, lateral margins narrowing posteriorly, posterior margin angularly emarginate, a broad wedge-shaped median tooth extending beyond the lateral angles, the apex slightly notched in the middle and arcuated either side; male, valve broad, triangular, plates narrow convex, half ionger than valve ; pygofers longer than plates, compressed ventrally, forming a blade-like structure, for the reception of which the plates are notched half way to the base. Described from numerous specimens taken at Fort Collins, Colo., and back into the mountains to the Little Beaver (9,500 feet), also speci- mens from Windsor, Estes Park, Denver and Holly in Colo., and from Western Kansas. The black on the upper half of the face will serve to separate it from all but »c/exws and the following species, and from these it may be distinguished by the flat pygofers and the notched plates. DELTOCEPHALUS STYLATUS, DN. Sp. Similar in form and colour to flexu/osus, but broader, as broad as inflatus, with the black on the face and the flaring elytra of reflexus. Length 4.5 mm., width 1.75 mm. Vertex one-third longer than pronotum, little longer than its basal width ; width across eyes equal to the combined length of pronotum and vertex ; front and clypeus proportionally broader than in flexudlosus ; elytra longer than abdomen in most specimens; venation as in ézflatus, the basal angle of the third apical cell a right angle, claval nervures separate. ; Colour: pale cinereous, vertex greenish, markings on margin and tip as in flexudosus, a transverse band on either side before eye and a spot in the middle of either side at the base fuscous; pronotum with a sub- marginal row of fuscous spots ; elytra pale, with dark margined nervures and fuscous markings as in flexudosus. Genitalia: female, ultimate ventral segment over two and one-half times as long as penultimate, lateral margins nearly parallel, posterior margin straight, produced on the middle third into an obtusely triangular tooth, which is bifid at the apex and bears a small lateral tooth at about the middle of either side; male, valve equilaterally triangular, plates narrow, extending beyond the valve scarcely its length, roundingly divergent at the apex, where they are half as wide as at the base, their tips roundingly emarginate, pygofers inflated, extending considerably THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 beyond the plates, their inner margins extending into a pair of narrow, curved, black, style-like processes. Described from five males and five females swept from prairie grass at Littie Rock, Iowa, by the author. DELTOCEPHALUS MISSELLUS, 0. sp. Form and general appearance of Say, but smaller and lighter coloured, resembling the European p/cturatus and ford, but readily separated by the genitalia. Length 2.75-3 mm., width 1 mm. Vertex flat, right angled before, its length and basal width equal, one- third longer on middle than against eye, slightly longer than pronotum ; face as in Sayz, the front narrow, wedge-shaped, the lateral margins con- tinuous with those of the clypeus ; pronotum over twice wider than long ; elytra broad and short, broadly rounding behind, the apical cells little longer than their apical width; elytra shorter than the abdomen in the female, longer in the male. Colour : pale cinereous washed with yellowish brown, the anterior half of the vertex, except the lateral margin, brownish fuscous, divided into four quadrants by a light cross, the anterior pair darkest on the oblique margins ; pronotum irregularly marked with fuscous ; elytra pale cinere- ous, the nervures whitish, irregularly margined with fuscous, the white emphasized on all the transverse nervures: face olive fuscous, short arcs on the front, a median line on the lower half, a spot on the lore and the margins of the clypeus and gene light ; below fuscous, legs light, anterior femora annulate. . Genitalia: female, ultimate ventral segment half longer than penul- timate, the posterior margin slightly, roundingly produced in the middle half, the apex nearly truncate; male valve obtusely triangular, plates broad at base, rapidly narrowing to the acute slightly divergent points, not quite half longer than the valve, concealing the pygofers. Described from numerous specimens taken between Rist Canon (6,000 feet) and the head waters of the Little Beaver (9,500 feet), one specimen from each, Estes Park, Pinewood and Steamboat Springs, and several from Marshall’s Pass, all points being in the mountains of Colo. DELTOCEPHALUS VINCULATUS, N. sp. Form and structure of ségwatifrons nearly, broader and more dis- tinctly marked. Pale cinereous marked with rust brown and fuscous ; two broad, transverse fuscous bands on the pale elytra. Length, 2 3.5 mm., ¢ 3mm.; width 1.75 mm, 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Vertex flat, slightly obtusely angled, one-third wider than the middle length, over three-fourths the length of the pronotum, face and facial angle as in sigwatifrons ; pronotum shorter, over twice wider than long ; elytra equalling the abdomen in the female, slightly longer in the male, shorter than in szgzatifrons, with a very slight appendix, venation as in cruciatus. Colour: vertex with the margins, a median stripe and a short trans- verse bar before the middle always light, the remainder of the disc with a very variable amount of fuscous, fading out posteriorly into a rust brown; pronotum irregularly marked with rust brown—in the darker specimens arranged in longitudinal stripes; elytra pale, subhyaline, the nervures white, a broad, slightly oblique band across the middle, another before the tip, and spots on the margins of the second and third apical cells fuscous. Genitalia : female, ultimate ventral segment short, the lateral angles acute, posterior margin roundingly emarginate either side of a large, acutely pointed, black tooth, which is cleft nearly to its base; either side of this tooth the oblique finger-like plates are exposed; male valve obtusely angulate, longer than the ultimate segment, plates broad at base, slightly narrowing to the truncate tips, where they are two-thirds the basal width, two and one-half times the length of the valve, set obliquely together, forming a trough. Described from numerous specimens swept from the meadows of the Little Beaver, in the mountains west of Fort Collins, Colo. CTENUCHA CRESSONANA. In the recent volume published by the British Museum (Natural History), Sir Geo. Hampson refers this species, described by me in 1863, as the same with C. venosa. The material in the British Museum from North America: Texas, Grote and Zeller collections, is all C. venosa. C. Cressonana, from Colorado, is clearly distinct, a larger species more of the type of C. wrginica, and I can only suppose that unacquaintance with my type has led to the present lumping. I may also add, that it can hardly be settled in the British Museum, whether the Californian Scepsis Packardi, which has lighter tinted primaries, and greater exten- sion of a paler yellow on the head, be a local race of S. fu/vicollis or not. From analogy in the group, it will probably prove distinct. Roemer Museum, Hildesheim, Germany. A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 193 A NEW COSSONUS. BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON, In the CanapIAN EntTomo.ocist (Vol. XXVII., p. 322), the late Dr. John Hamilton, in an interesting article on the Coleoptera of Lake Worth, Florida, referred to a new species of Cossonus found there. He speaks of taking, under the bark of a dead limb of the Rubber tree (Ficus aurea), five examples of a new Cossonus, with basal half of the elytra, metasternum and abdomen rufous. He gives no other description nor does he name the beetle. In March of the present year, at Miami, on Biscayne Bay, Florida, I found several specimens of what is evidently the same species referred to by Dr. Hamilton. They were under the bark of a fallen and dead Rubber tree. It seems proper and befitting that Dr. Hamilton’s name should be associated with this bettle, and I have ventured to describe it below under the specific name of Hfamiz/toni. I trust it will not be considered out of place here for me to speak of my affection, respect and admiration for the good Doctor. We never met face to face, but we corresponded for several years, and he gave me great assistance in my studies among insects. His letters were marked by unfailing courtesy and kindliness, gratitude for even the smallest favour from me, apprecia- tion of the most unimportant discovery I might make. As do many others, I remember him and miss him continually. Cossonus Hamiltont, n. sp.—Black, shining, with basal half of elytra, the metasternum and abdomen rufous; antenne and legs dark red. Rostrum stout, finely and closely punctulate, very abruptly and almost transversely-quadrangularly dilated at apex, the dilated portion barely as long as the basal portion. Thorax oblong, with a triangular depression extending from base to near apex and having a feebly indicated and sometimes slightly elevated median line. The punctures in this depression are coarse and irregular, on sides of thorax smaller and more regular. Elytra slightly wider than base of thorax, surface rather deeply striate at base; striz with close, deep punctures, but not impressed at apical portion. Prosternum very coarsely and somewhat densely punctate; mesosternum more sparsely punctured ; as are also the metasternum and first two abdominal seg- ments. Length—exclusive of rostrum—2.9-4 mm. Locality: Miami, Biscayne Bay, Fla. 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. CORRESPONDENCE. LEUCOBREPHOS MIDDENDORFI. When I was the other day looking over some of the back numbers of the Canaprian Enromo.ocist I came across an account of the taking of Leucobrephos Middendorf, Men., by Mr. Hanham, of Winnipeg. I believe that this species is not generally to be found in collections. Here I cannot call it uncommon. I see, on an average, quite half a dozen specimens every spring, but the moth, from its habits, is most difficult to capture. It appears with the first warm days of spring, flying in the sunshine, low down amongst the stems of short scrub, generally that in which the black cherry predominates, and over banks of melting snow, the remains of drifts, a situation in which it is impossible to use a net, and all one can do is to look at and long for it. When it does venture out into the open its colour so coincides with the prevailing grayness of its surroundings, and renders it so inconspicuous, that, with the addition of its erratic flight, it is most difficult to net. I have only taken two, and I should be sorry to say how many I have missed, and I am not a ‘‘bad shot” on the whole. It is always turning up, too, at unexpected and inconvenient times. This spring I walked about one warm day, April 13th, till I was tired without getting a chance. Shortly after I had given the moth up, hearing a commotion among my poultry, I ran down to the stables with my gun. The hawk did not wait for me, but I saw Middendorfi flying very quietly about a heap of manure outside the door of one of my stables, where he could have been easily netted had I but been prepared. My house, stables, etc., are surrounded by scrub of various sorts. E. FiIRMSTONE HEeEatTH, Cartwright, Man. THE TOBACCO FLEA-BEETLE (LZfitrix parvula) ATTACKING TOBACCO IN BARN. In Dr. Howard’s excellent treatise on this beetle in the Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture for 1898, pp. 123-5, no mention is made of the depredations of the insect in tobacco after it has been gathered and hung in the tobacco barn. Last year, in Southern Ohio, these beetles were found to have worked serious injury to tobacco in the fields, especially to the lower leaves. In these fields the beetles ate holes in the larger leaves, and when the leaf was not eaten through the remaining tissue, when dry, would break up and disappear, thus THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 leaving holes. It seems that while the tobacco is cut and piled in the fields, awaiting transportation to the tobacco barn, the beetles collect among the leaves, remain there, and are removed with the tobacco. After the tobacco is hung up to cure in the barn the beetles continue their attack on the younger and more succulent upper leaves (the lower when hung up), and by eating these, especially along the midrib, do even more injury than in the fields, as this last attack not only causes holes in leaves not previously injured, but discolours them also. Between the two attacks the damage is very serious. F. M. WEBSTER. The Entomological Society of Albany has recently been organized, with an initial membership of about twenty, under the following officers : Disb. bs belt, President; Prof. CharlesssusGasem sVice-Lresidents air Charles S. Banks, Rec. Sec.; Miss Margaret F. Boynton, Corr. Sec.; Prof. H. M. Pollock, Treas. The headquarters of the society will be, for the present, at the office of Dr. Felt, the State Entomologist, where the regular meetings will be held the second Friday of each month. The objects of the society are the promotion of interest in entomological science and the furtherance of fellowship among those interested for their mutual benefit and enjoyment. Str,—In your May issue Mr. Lyman reviewed my Synonymic Catalogue of North American Butterflies. There is one point he men- tions which deserves explanation. He says: ‘In this catalogue Dr. Skinner has followed very closely on the lines laid down by Mr. Edwards in his lists, so far as the species are concerned, and with a conservatism which is striking when compared with his rather sweeping radicalism as expressed in his article, ‘Impressions received from a Study of our North American Rhopalocera,’ in Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc., IV., 107.” Prof. Cockerell, in Science, 1X., No. 219, expresses himself in the same way, and says: ‘There is no tendency to ‘lumping’ exhibited, which is rather surprising in consideration of some of Dr. Skinner’s previously expressed views.” I did not think a catalogue the proper place to intro- duce into the synonymy what have been previously recognized as valid species. No reasons could be given for such changes in a list of names, and if I had ‘‘ lumped ” species they would have represented nothing but the bare opinion of one individual. The proper place to make such changes is in monographs and revisions, where the reasons therefor may ° 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. be fully and accurately stated. Where changes were made in the synonymy, in the catalogue, they represented published views on the subject, often expressed by a number of authors. Mr. Lyman himself covers the ground fairly well in the 29th Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 18, where he says: “In entomology, as no doubt in other branches of natural science, some men are lumpers and others splitters. To the latter I would say that the describing of new species should certainly not be done on the chance of their proving distinct, and to the former that once a form has been described as a new species IT SHOULD NOT BE LUMPED EXCEPT UPON OVERWHELMING PROOF.” I may state that I still think quite a number of the names listed in the catalogue will prove synonyms, but we need proof, or opinions based on proof, with the REASONS set forth to prove the case. Henry SKINNER, Philadelphia. Notre py Mr. Lyman.—Dr. Skinner is no doubt correct in his view that a cataloguer should not be a lumper, but at the same time itis, I think, usually expected that a catalogue should reflect in some degree the more conservative views of its compiler. Under Chionobas Tarpeia Dr. Skinner very properly explains that there is considerable doubt of the species having ever been taken in North America, and if the species of Argynnis of the Eurynome group had been followed by a note to the effect that their distinctness was open to considerable doubt, no one could have objected, and such a note would tend to attract more attention to the study of these interesting forms. But Dr. Skinner went much further in the case of the Pacific Coast forms of Chionobas in lumping Gigas, Butl., Cadifornica, Bdl., and Jduna, Edw., under /Vevadensis, Felder. No monographic work had been done in this case except by Edwards, who maintains the distinctness of the forms. Elwes had “ revised” Oeneis, but in the case of these species had added nothing to what was already known about them. HHS i. Mr. R. A. Coo.ey, assistant to Prof. Fernald in the Insectary of the Massachusetts Agricultural College, has received the appointment of Professor of Zoology and Entomology in the Montana State College at Bozeman, Mont. Mr. Cooley has just completed a monograph of the genus Chionaspis, which will shortly be published. Mailed July 6th, 1899. Ue = oma Vor. PL, LONDON, AUGUST, eee: No. 8. A LIST OF MANITOBA MOTHS.—Part III. BY A. W. HANHAM, WINNIPEG, MAN. The Noctuids of this Province, as already known, make a very fair list, and include a number of rare moths, as well as a good percentage of new species. I have seen all Mr. E. F. Heath’s things, and his additions to my list are quite numerous ; these appear as taken at Cartwright. The Rounthwaite records are Mr. L. E. Marmont’s (I have seen his collection), and he has added some rare species. The Brandon records are in some cases my own, as I have visited there the last three summers ; others are Mr. H. W. O. Boger’s, of that place. I have seen paintings of a number of moths collected at the Douglas swamp by Mr. Criddle, of St. Alban’s, Aweme, and these have given me a few extra names. My best collecting here has been done at light, at Brandon off bloom on the prairies, and I have also had very fair success, both here and at Brandon, from sugaring late in the season (from the middle of August until early in October). A very large proportion of the species listed have been referred to Prof. John B. Smith, who has been untiring in his efforts to help me, and without whose kind assistance this list would have been impossible, or very incomplete. A few things, still doubtful, remain in his hands for future determination. Others, that would have increased my list, came to grief inthe mails. These species, it is hoped, will be taken again during the coming season. Thyatira scripta, Gosse. Cartwright. Euthyatira pudens, Gn. Rounthwaite ; one at black currant bloom early in May. Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides, Gn. Common at light, end of June and early in July (1897); also netted at dusk flying along the edge of the woods close to my house. Pseudothyatira expultrix, Grt. One only, at light, beginning of July. Leptina latebricola, Grt. Cartwright. Panthea acronyctoides, Walk. July 12th; one at light. 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Raphia frater, Grt. June 17th to July 13th ; very common at light, both in 1897 and 1898. In 1895 (June zoth), I got a pair by beating. One of my specimens is very richly suffused with black on primaries. Charadra deridens, Gn. June 27th (1897); one at light. Diphthera fallax, H.-S. June 17th, 24th, etc.; rather rare at light. Arsilonche albovenosa, Goetze (Henrici, Grt.). Cartwright. Acronycta Americana, Harr. Have taken the pup of this species plenti- fully in the spring and fall, attached to the under side of boards and logs in woods, but I have never taken more than one at light (July 8th). Acronycta hesperida, Smith. One at light, about the middle of July (1897). Acronycta dactylina, Grote. Several at light, early in July. lepusculina, Gn. Brandon and Rounthwaite. ae innotata, Gn. July 13th (1898); one at light. morula, G. & R. June 21st (1894); one at rest on fence. furcifera, Gn. June 3rd (1896); one at rest on tree in Elm Park. & hasta, Gn. Cartwright. Manitoba, Smith. One specimen only. ff quadrata, Grote. Cartwright and Douglas. = revellata, Smith. At light, June roth, and several early in July. grisea, Walk. Cartwright. es falcula, Grote. June 24th, one at light; also from Cartwright. ce parallela, Grote. June 21st (1896), one at rest in the city. ovata, Grote. Cartwright, and one here at light. Acronycta hamamelis, Gn. Not uncommon at light; June 18 until middle of July. Acronycta luteicoma, G. & R. June roth (1894), one at rest on tree in woods near St. Boniface. Acronycta sperata, Grote. Cartwright. “ noctivaga, Grote. Brandon. « emaculata, Smith. At light, May 13th, etc. Acronycta impressa, Walk. At light, May 13th to 22nd (Winnipeg), and again middle to end of July (Brandon). These two species were confused until recently, and I cannot speak with certainty as to number taken. Acronycta oblinita, S. & A. Rare at light, June 22nd, etc. sf lanceolaria, Grote. Rounthwaite. A rare and early species. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 199 Microccelia fragilis, Gn. Rare at light, end of June. * ‘¢ diphtheroides, Gn. Rare at light, end of June and July rst. Bryophila lepidula, Grote. June 13th and 2oth (1896), two at rest on fences. Bryophila teratophora, H.-S. A pair at light early in July (1897). Chytonix palliatricula, Gn. At light, end of June. A number have been secured from pupz, both here and at Quebec ; they are attached to the under side of boards, or in a similar manner to those of A. Ameri- cana, and I have found both species on the same board. Rhynchagrotis chardinyi, Bdv. Occasional, at thistle bloom, July 15th, August 3rd, etc., and hiding at the roots of weeds ; also fairly plentiful at light, middle to end of July. Rhynchagrotis rufipectus, Morr. Nice, fresh specimens at light, August 5th to middle of month. At Brandon, at sugar, August 21st to Sep- tember rst. Rhynchagrotis cupida, Grt. Brandon, July 31st (1896), one at bloom ; also one here at light in 1897. Rhynchagrotis placida, Grt. End of July, frequently at light. Brandon, at bloom July and August, and at sugar till nearly end of August. Rhynchagrotis alternata, Grt. Common at sugar in Elm Park, middle to end of August (1896); also at Brandon in 1898. A few at light, end of July. ’ Adelphagrotis prasina, Fabr. Rare at light in July. Platagrotis pressa, Grt. At light and at bloom in July. Pachnobia littoralis, Pack. (Smith’s list, 1643.) June 2zoth (1896), one under a log on railway bank ; also from Cartwright. Pachnobia Fishi, Grt. (Smith’s list, 1638.) May 24th, one at light. Bere! salicarum, Walk. Cartwright. Agrotis perattenta, Grt. (Smith’s list, 1613.) Several at light during July. Agrotis ypsilon, Rott. August and September, common at sugar ; also at bloom and at light. Peridroma occulta, Linn. One or two at light, July 23rd, etc.; also at Brandon and Cartwright. Peridroma astricta, Morr. August 8th, two at light ; alsoat Rounthwaite. MS saucia, Hbn., and var. margaritosa, Haw. A very variable insect. Common at light and at sugar during August and September, and taken as late as October 2nd. 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Noctua Smithiil, Snellen (bajat, Auct.). Another very variable species. Common at Winnipeg, and particularly so at Brandon; at bloom from the middle of July until towards the end of August. Noctua Normaniana, Grt. Not nearly so common as the foregoing, but fairly plentiful at Brandon at bloom, in 1896, from middle to end of July, and taken here at light in 1897, about the same date. Noctua bicarnea, Gn. Occasional, at light, towards end of July. Noctua Treatii, Grt. Three specimens at light, July 2nd and later (1897); not taken last season. Prof. Smith states that it is not uncommon at Calgary. Noctua c-nigrum, Linn. Atlight, middle to end of July, but not common. «© rubifera, Grt. Rare at light, beginning of July. ‘* rosaria, Grt. Included by authority of Prof. Smith. Noctua cynica, Smith. A few at sugar at Brandon, August 30th and Sep- tember rst. Noctua fennica, Tausch. Have taken this species in the house as early as June zoth. It has proved quite a nuisance, both on the Brandon prairies at bloom and here at light, during July. My latest record is August 31st (at light). Noctua plecta, Linn. Three specimens at hght on July 25th (1897), and more abundantly last season, also at light. Noctua collaris, G. & R. Several at light at the end of July. Here and at Brandon, by sweeping Solidago, during August. (This species ap- pears to have a decided preference for S. rigidus.) Noctua haruspica, Grt. Both seasons this moth has been abundant at light during July, and some evenings by no means a welcome visitor for this reason. ‘The usual form here is paler than the Eastern one. Noctua clandestina, Harr. This species is generally very abundant under loose bark. I noticed it especially so on July 1st (1895) on fence posts. Has been taken as late as August 25th. Not a common insect at light. Noctua atricincta, Smith. Brandon ; at bloom, middle of July (1896), a pair only. Noctua patefacta, Smith. Brandon; one at bioom towards end of July (18096). Rhizagrotis introferens, Grt. (Smith’s list, 1698.) One in July (1894), bred from the pupa; also at Cartwright. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 Feltia subgothica, Steph. Very common at bloom, middle of July to end of August. Taken as late as September 23rd. Feltia herilis, Grt. Nearly as plentiful at bloom as subgothica, and out with it. Both these species came frequently to light. Feltia jaculifera, Gn. (tricosa, Lint.). Until a short time ago this species and herilis were both jaculifera in my collection, and the moth called herilis proves to be Carneades ochrogaster (1834). At the present time I only appear te have one specimen of jaculifera with a Brandon label, and owing to the confusion of names referred to above, I cannot speak with certainty as to its abundance here. Feltia venerabilis, Walk. Several at light, August 31st to September 4th ; also at Brandon at bloom. Feltia robustior, Smith. Three specimens of this new species were taken altogether ; the first on August 27th, off golden-rod, another on August 30th, at sugar (in a small swamp), and the third September tst, also off golden-rod. All three in the vicinity of the Experimental Farm at Brandon. Feltia volubilis, Grt. June 24th, one at light; also from Cartwright and Rounthwaite. Porosagrotis murenula, G. & R. Brandon; rare at sugar, end of August. - catenula, Grt. Brandon and Cartwright. Porosagrotis mimallonis, Grt. Brandon ; a beautiful, fresh specimen, off golden-rod, on August 27th ; also from Cartwright. Carneades quadridentata, G. & R. Brandon; at bloom, August 28th. a niveilinea, Grt. A pair at Brandon at light, August 2oth. 4: Ridingsiana, Grt. Cartwright. Carneades flavicollis, Smith. This was the most abundant species taken at Brandon, at bloom on the prairies, in 1896 (from middle to end of July), and worn examples were taken there in 1897 until the middle of August. ‘Taken here at light, both in 1897 and 1898, but not in any numbers. Carneades velleripennis, Grt. I took a pair here at light on September Ist, 1897; one at sugar at Brandon on August 27th, 1898, and several off heads of Solidago at Carberry on September 14th. Carneades scandens, Riley. Rather plentiful at light for about a week (July t2th, etc., 1898). Carneades pleuritica, Grt. Several at bloom on the prairies at Brandon towards end of July (1896). 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Carneades pitychrous, Grt. At Brandon, August 14th, 1897, off golden- rod, and quite common off the same flower at Carberry on September 14th, 1898 (during the afternoon). Carneades messoria, Harr. Brandon, at bloom, and Winnipeg, at light, towards the end of July. Carneades incallida, Smith. Brandon and Cartwright. Carneades dissona, Moeschl. Brandon; one on September rst, I think, at sugar. (Prof. Smith says it was described from Labrador.) Carneades tessellata, Harr.. Common both at light and at bloom, during the latter part of July. Carneades insulsa, Smith. ‘Taken at light towards the end of July, and the most abundant species at Brandon, during August, at bloom on the prairies. Has been taken at sugar also. This species is ex- tremely variable, some being almost black, while the rarest and most striking form is almost equally light coloured. Carneades detersa, Smith. Cartwright. t segregata, Smith. Cartwright. Carneades basalis, Grt. One specimen only at Brandon, at bloom, in 1896, near the end of July; also seen from Beulah, Man. Carneades ochrogaster, Gn. Very common under logs some seasons, from end of July to end of August. Fairly common here at light, and at Brandon at bloom. Sometimes on the wing during the after- noon. Some of the forms of this variable species rank among our handsomest Noctuids. Carneades infusa, Smith. Prof. Smith, in naming my specimens, says that this new species is allied to obeliscotdes. It was taken at Brandon on August 31st and September rst, at sugar and at bloom; also seen from Cartwright. Carneades divergens, Walk. Very common at light, during the early part of July, especially in 1897. Carneades redimicula, Morr. A few at bloom at Brandon in July, 1896, and August, 1898. Carneades tesselloides, Grt. One at light in June. Carneades silens, Grt. Some beauties at light, from 1st July to middle of the month. At Brandon, off bloom, middle of July, 1896. An occasional specimen has none of the dark markings. Carneades quinquelinea, Smith. “It is likely, from the material sent me by Mr. Heath, that this is merely a very sharply marked cucadlida. It should be so referred.”—(]. B.S.) Cartwright. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 Anytus sculptus, Grt. Not uncommon at sugar here and at Brandon, August 27th to September 5th; also a few at light early in Sep- tember. Mamestra Rogenhoferi, Moesch!. One specimen each season at light, middle of July. (According to Prof. Smith, this is a species only hitherto recorded from Labrador.) Mamestra mystica, Smith. Occasional, at light, about the middle of July; also from Cartwright. Mamestra purpurissata, Grt. Rather plentiful at bloom at Brandon, middle to end of July, and here at light, towards end of same month. (A rather fine species.) Mamestra meditata, Grt. Rather common at light in July ; also some- times at bloom. Mamestra cervina, Smith. Common at light, end of June to middle of July. ’ Mamestra neoterica, Smith. At light, with cervina, but not so numerous. Both these new species, together with mystica, were described by Prof. Smith in Zxtomological News (December No. of Vol. IX.). Mamestra distincta, Hbn. Cartwright. Mamestra Farnhami, Grt. A handsome species. Cartwright and Rounthwaite. Mamestra atlantica, Grt. Plentiful at light, from the middle of June until nearly the end of July. Mamestra desperata, Smith (=1953= radix, Wek.). A few at light, middle to end of June. Mamestra subjuncta, G. & R. Rare at light, end of June. S grandis, Bdv. Rare at light, end of June. a: trifolii, Rott. Rounthwaite. Mamestra rosea, Harv. One at light, end of June. Another from Brandon (pupa found April 24th, moth evolved May rsth). Mamestra picta, Harr. A beauty, at light, July 12th (1898). ee lubens, Grt. A few at light, end of June and early in July. ve assimilis, Morr. Several at light, first part of July. Mamestra adjuncta, Bdv. A beautiful species when in good condition ; taken in July, and appears to be rare here. Mamestra legitima, Grt. From Cartwright and Rounthwaite. Rather an early Mamestra, and quite richly coloured when fresh. 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Mamestra lilacina, Harv., and form illabefacta, Morr. This species does not seem to be on the wing until July, but during that month, especially in 1897, it was exceedingly common at light. Mamestra obscura, Smith. Cartwright. Mamestra renigera, Steph. Common at light, middle to end of July, and at bloom on the prairies. Mamestra olivacea, Morr. This species appears to be out from the middle of July to the middle of August, and is common both at light and at bloom. It shows quite a range of variation. Mamestra incurva, Smith. Cartwright. Mamestra lorea, Gn. A nuisance at light, especially about the beginning of July. Mamestra quadrannulata, Morr. Rounthwaite. (This, I understand, is a good catch.) Mamestra anguina, Grt. (var. larissa, Smith.) Brandon. “ vicina, Grt. Brandon; one at bloom in July. Mamestra gussata, Smith. Brandon. (Described from Calgary. Quite a pretty species.) Hadena niveivenosa, Grt. Common at light, at the end of July, and taken on the wing during the day. Hadena stipata, Morr. August 15th; three specimens at bloom at Brandon. Hadena passer, Gn. Several at light in 1897, about the middle of July. “ remissa, Hbn. One at light at the beginning of July. ‘© suffusca, Morr. (= illata, Walk.) Several at light early in July. cs finitima, Gn. End of June, one at dusk. Hadena lateritia, Hbn. ‘Taken under logs on July 13th, etc., at bloom, and common at light early in July. Hadena dubitans, Walk. (=sputatrix, Grt.) As common as the preced- ing species, and out at the same time. Hadena plutonia, Grt. Cartwright. “ jmpulsa, Gn. ‘Two or three at light, July r5th, etc. Hadena devastatrix, Brace. Common under logs, and at light during July, and towards the end of September have taken fresh specimens at sugar and at light. Hadena arctica, Bdv. At bloom in garden, and came freely to light in July. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 Hadena relecina, Morr. Cartwright and Rounthwaite. I think Mr. Marmont took his late, at sugar. Hadena lignicolor, Gn. One of the abundant species during July at light. Hadena transfrons, Neum. Occasional, at Brandon, off golden-rod, both during the day and by sweeping after dark. Hadena indirecta, Grt. Cartwright. «« didonea, Smith. Cartwright. modica, Gn. One or two only, at light, towards the end of July. ce Hadena mactata, Grt. (This name is on my authority. I have looked over the specimens received from Mr. Hanham, and believe now that I have two good species, neither of them mactata, though both nearly allied to it—J. B. Smith.) Very common at sugar, from August 24th to nearly the end of September ; also taken at light. Hadena miseloides, Gn. July roth; one at light. Hadena fractilinea, Grt. (No. 2060.) Brandon; a few at bloom, and generally off golden-rod. Xylophasia semilunata, Grt. (No. 2023.) Cartwright. Trachea delicata, Grt. June 18th to July 19th; at light, but only a few taken. Hillia crasis, H. S.; also form senescens, Grt. Rare at light, and at sugar in September. ° Hillia algens, Grt. Rather plentiful at sugar, end of August and begin- ning of September ; also some at light. Oligia festivoides, Gn. Rare at light, in July. ‘* versicolor, Grt. Rare at light in July. Platyperigea preeacuta, Smith, (?). Rounthwaite; one at sugar in Sep- tember. (Prof. Smith says his type from Colorado is smaller and less marked.) Hyppa xylinoides, Gn. A few at light, and on fences early in July. Does not appear to be so plentiful as in the East. Homohadena badistriga, Grt. A few at light, with seasons about the middle of July. Homohadena stabilis, Smith. Taken at light on the wing, about the same time, and by no means common. Oncocnemis atrifasciata, Morr. ‘Taken at Brandon, Carberry, Cartwright, and Rounthwaite, but not yet at Winnipeg. Mr. Boger and Mr. Marmont have taken this beautiful insect at light, the latter, I believe, bo SS (oP) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. in some numbers. I was lucky enough to take one at Rounthwaite at bloom, after dark on August 26th (1897), and on September 14th (1898) I got another at Carberry, flying in the sun about golden-rod. Oncocnemis Saundersiana, Grt. One at Carberry, on the same occasion as above recorded. Oncocnemis Chandleri, Grt. Brandon and Rounthwaite. si cibalis, Grt. Cartwright. Oncocnemis viriditincta, Smith. A pair at Brandon, and one at Rounth- waite. (To be continued.) TWO BRITISH AMERICAN NOCTUIDS. BY JOHN B. SMITH, SC. D., RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. Among the material sent me for determination by Mr. A. W. Han- ham were several species that appear to be undescribed. Some of these have been already published, and others are in the hands of publishers. The following two species are presented at this time because they are referred to in Mr. Hanham’s list now published in the CANADIAN ENTO- MOLOGIST, Feltia robustior, n. sp. Ground colour a sooty gray or brown, with black and white powder- ings on the body and fore wings. Head slightly darker inferiorly and _again behind the antennee. Collar with a black or brown central line, and a less defined dusky shade edged with white scales at tip. Patagiz with a brown submarginal line, and the vague discal tufting is also edged with dusky. Abdomen of the usual dirty pale gray. Primaries with the markings fairly well defined. Basal line whitish, diffuse, not well marked, extending into the submedian interspace. T. a. line geminate, black, the included space marked with white scales: from the costa at one-third from base, inwardly oblique to the median vein where it forms nearly a right angle, is then outwardly curved to the internal vein, below which it runs obliquely outward to the inner margin at its middle. ‘The tendency seems to be to obscure the lower portion of this line. T. p. line single, blackish, broken, followed and emphasized by white scales which tend to lighten the s. t. space. Asa whole it is outcurved over the cell and very evenly oblique from that point. S. t. line marked by white scales, pre- ceded by a series of black, saggitate marks and forming a W which reaches the outer margin on veins 3 and 4. A series of black terminal THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 lunules. Fringes with a pale line at base and with a brown interline. All the veins are narrowly black and edged on each side with white scales, which gives the wing a rayed appearance. Claviform long, ex- tending to the middle of the median space, very heavily outlined in black, so as to form the most prominent feature of the wing. Orbicular small, ovate, of the ground colour, black margined. Reniform small, of the ground colour or a little paler, partly outlined in black. Secondaries almost evenly smoky gray, with a vague brown discal lunule and terminal line. Beneath, primaries smoky gray, with a vague discal spot and a series of distinct black terminal lunules. Secondaries powdery white, with a large blackish discal blotch and a series of distinct black terminal lunules. Expands 1.60-1.68 inches = 4o to 42 mm. ffabitat.—Brandon, Manitoba, August 27, Sept. 1, 1898. Two male specimens, No. 441, from Mr. Hanham, who says there is a third in Mr. Boger’s collection. The new species is near venerabilis, but the pectinations of the antenne are not so long, and, while the body is fully as heavy, the primaries are proportionately longer. The median lines are unusually distinct as compared with its allies, while the pale edging on the median and vein 2 does not tend to form a pale or dis- coloured streak or band, as in the other species. The antenne extend to the inception of the t. p. line on the primaries, are well pectinated (male), the branches very densely ciliated. Philometra Hanhami, n. sp. Ground colour dark sooty brown, the secondaries lighter in tint. Head and thorax without markings, the abdomen deep mouse gray, also immaculate. Primaries with all the ordinary lines present, but very faint and not at all contrasting. Basal line single, black, very close to the base of the wing and usually marked only bya black dot on the median vein. T. a. line single, blackish, with two wide and one small outcurve, also a little outcurved as a whole. T. p. line blackish, single, narrow, irreg- ular, outcurved over the cell and a little incured in the s. m. interspace. S. t. line pale, preceded by a black shading, which relieves it, with three outcurves which, on the inward bends, are marked by obtuse angles instead of curves. Orbicular wanting. Reniform kidney-shaped, mod- erate in size and intensely black, making it the most obvious ornamental character. A vague median shade is visible in some specimens. Second- aries paler basally, with a yellowish tinge. Outwardly there is a diffuse, 208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. pale s. t. line, and at about the middle is a narrow smoky transverse line. Beneath smoky brown, paler toward base. A smoky median line, a brown discal spot and a vague outer pale transverse line: all variable in distinctness. The antennz of the male are pectinated, the branches setose and shorter than in the other described species. The legs are defective in the single example before me, but one remaining fore leg indi- cates the usual brushlike tuftings. The antennz in the female have the joints marked and furnished with well-defined lateral bristles. Expands 1-1.10 inches =25-27 mm. Habitat.— Winnipeg, Manitoba ; Centre, N. Y., July 4, 1879. Seven specimens are before me, 1 male and 6 females, all more or less imperfect, having met with hard usage in transit. All but one were collected by Mr. A. W. Hanham, who has others, and does not find the species uncommon. One female was taken by the late W. W. Hill, of Albany, and bears a label in Mr. Grote’s handwriting: ‘‘ Probably new: too poor to serve as type.” The specimen reached me some years ago for determination, but has not until the present time found fellows to which it could be referred. The new form differs at once from the other species of Philometra by its dark sooty brown primaries, and from all the species in the sub- family by the contrasting black reniform. The palpi are more sickle- shaped than usual in this genus and more as in Zanclognatha, to which I was inclined to refer the species until the male came to hand ; but the antenne do not show the peculiar nodosity at basal third, which is always present in that genus. ASPIDIOTUS CONVEXUS, Comst.— A CORRECTION. BY C. L. MARLATT, WASHINGTON, D, C. The pioneer work done by Prof. Comstock on the Coccide of America has put all workers in this group of insects under lasting obli- gation to him. It was inevitable, however, that, taking up a new sub- ject and handling a vast amount of material for the first time, mistakes should have occurred. An instance in point is the curious mixing up of the material which occurred in the case of the description of the species known as Aspidiotus convexus, Comst. In October, 1880, Prof. Comstock brought from Mr. Ellwood THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 Cooper’s ranch at Santa Barbara, Cal., a scale insect infesting the leaves and twigs of eucalyptus, olive, pear, and fig. The same insect was found on willow at Los Angeles, Cal. From this material, and from other specimens received from various parts of the country, was de- scribed the species Aspidiotus rapax, Comst. (=camellie, Sign.), which was named the greedy scale on account of its wide range of food plants. Collected at Santa Barbara at the same time as the above was a scale, described as being identical with the last, except appearing some- what larger. It occurred on the bark of the trunk and larger limbs of willow trees, the original specimens being now in the Department col- lection. Prof. Comstock, in his description of Aspidiotus convexus, designates this as the type material of the species named. An examina- tion made some years later, however, showed that the willow scale in question, supposed to represent convexus, was in reality Comstock’s rapax, which latter had also been found on willow in California, as noted, as well as in other places. It was evident that some mistake or confusion of slides had been made, and the species convexus was deemed non-existent. Later, how- ever, a scale insect was received from the West, on willow, which seemed to agree with the description of comvexus and was referred to this species, and in the course of years a considerable quantity of material referable to convexus accumulated in the Department collection, the supposition now being that the type, accidentally or otherwise, had actually been before Prof. Comstock, and had subsequently either been lost or mislaid. The fact, however, that there existed no type material of convexus left the matter still open to some doubt, and made it desir- able to study, if possible, the preparations in the private collection of Prof. Comstock representing the species. At the request of the writer, Prof. Comstock kindly sent for exami- nation his type slides of convexus. The material received consisted of seven slides, three of which are marked “‘ convexus, Comst., type,” and proved, astonishingly enough, to belong to amcylus, as did also two of the other slides labelled ‘‘ 240 Sub. 1.” The other two slides labelled “240 Sub. 2” proved to be juglans regie. The “type slides” of convexus are labelled ‘‘ No. 746, Aspidiotus on willow, Santa Barbara, Cal.,” apparently connecting them with the willow scale collected at that place. An examination of the type material now brought tegether for the 210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. first time, and of Prof. Comstock’s description of the species in the Agricultural Report for 1880 (page 219), and also his figure of the species (l.c., Plate XII., fig. 8), throws a good deal of light on the diffi- culty and clears up the confusion which had hitherto existed. The scale on willow collected at Santa Barbara, Cal., is typical rapax (=camellie), agreeing with the other material of this species collected at the same time and place. The old slide material in the Department of Agriculture, made from the willow scale in question, and later preparations made by the writer, confirm this determination. The slide material taken away by Prof. Comstock, and labelled as type material, is amcy/us ; the additional material referred to the species being divided between ancy/us and juglans regia, as noted. In the characterization of ‘‘ convexus,” Prof. Comstock undoubtedly had this willow material before him, and, in fact, recognized the scales as being indistinguishable from those of rapfax, a fact noted in the description. At the same time he studied balsam preparations asso- ciated with the pinned willow bark, and which he naturally supposed to have been made from the same, noted the presence of the grouped glands distinguishing the species at once from rafax, and characterized © the insect as a distinct species. In the second paragraph of the descrip- tion, however, he points out the resemblance in the terminal segment of the “convexus” female with the female of azcy/us. Furthermore, an examination of the figure given of comvexus indicates that it was un- doubtedly drawn from one of the misplaced slides of anzcy/us, of which species it is a characteristic delineation, and is subgenerically distinct from the group to which rapax and the supposed convexus belong. Through some unfortunate accident, these slides of axcy/us had become associated with the convex willow scale from California, and an error, very difficult to discover and correct, was made. ? It has already been noted that a large quantity of material has accumulated in the collection of the Department which has been re- ferred to convexus, and the actual existence of a species closely allied to rapax, but distinguished from the latter by the presence of grouped glands, is well established. ‘This scale, in fact, has been described two or three times. It is undoubtedly the species described by Prof. Com- stock as cydonie from quince in Florida. Prof. Comstock recognized THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PA the close relationship of this species to his convexus, but having described and figured the adult female of the latter from ancy/us, the fact of the identity of the two was obscured. The scale material which we have determined as comvexus must, therefore, now be referred to cydonie, Comst. The name convexus becomes a synonym of both came//ie and ancylus, since the covering scale was described from material representing the former, and the female insect from material representing the latter, species. Aspidiotus cydonie, Comst., has been three times since described as distinct by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, his species Craw7i, punice, and his variety /atera/is of Newstead’s species difinis belonging to cydonie. ‘The error in referring “lateralis” to diffinis was doubtless occasioned by the fact that the material from which the variety was described for the most part represented immature females, judging from an examination of part of the type material deposited in the National collection. The cydonie recognized by E. E. Green in Ceylon (Coccide of Ceylon, I., p. 62, Pl. XIV.), and afterwards made the type of Greendi by Cockerell, was correctly placed by Green. I may add that the material in the National collection determined by Professor Cockerell as Greeniz is a mixture of camel/ie and cydonie. The material on banana collected by Mr. Townsend in Mexico (7857) is referable to cydonze, and also the palm scale collected by Cockerell at Mesilia, N. Mex. The scale on Japanese palm collected at Mexico City, Mex., December 6th, 1897, is a mixture of cydonie and camed/ie in the proportion of about 3 to 1, judging from a single slide mount which contains three females of cydonie and one of camedlie. The synonymy of the two species, cydonie and camellia, is as follows : Aspidiotus camellie, Sign. Aspidiotus cydoniea, Comst. Synonyms: convexus, Comst. (in | Synonyms: Crawiéz, Ckll. pars). diffints, Newst., var. euonymi, ‘Targ. lateralis, Ckll, lucume, Ckll. & Twn. Greenii, Cxll. (M. S.) punice, Ckll. rapax, Comst. 212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENTOMOPHILOUS WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY SPHEGOIDEA. BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT. CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Paper No. 3.) SupraMILY I1V.—Thyreopine. The absence of a distinct ridge, carina or crest on the mesopleura just in front of the middle coxze, an important structural character first made use of by Kohl, the recurrent nervure in the front wings joining the first cubital cell at or at least nearer the middle than the apex, and the great differences noticeable in the antenne and the metathorax, readily separate this group from the Crabroninee. To me the Thyreopine seem to represent a large and distinct group, allied to the others it is true, but yet quite distinct, and divisible into many easily recognizable subgenera. It will be seen also that instead of suppressing the genera erected by some of the older entomologists, which fall in this group, and lumping them with Crabro, as has been done by Kohl and Fox, I have instead recognized all of the genera of Latreille, Dahlbom, Lepeletier, etc., and besides have founded some additional genera. All of these, I think, can be easily recognized by the student, with the use of the following table : Table of Genera. Ocelli arranged in an equilateral triangle or nearly _°,, the lateral ocelli about as far from each other as to the front ocellus ; thorax more or less smooth or polished, shining, the metathorax feebly sculptured, almost smooth, its posterior face sometimes rugulose..............6. Ocelli arranged in an obtuse triangle . * ., the lateral ocelli being about twice as wide from each other as to the front ocellus ; thorax with at least the metathorax rugulose, opaque, often very coarsely sculptured, the metanotum usually without, or with a poorly defined triangular or semi- } circular area, the posterior face often with a distinctly defined cordate area; the recurrent nervure joins the cubitus at or distinctly beyond the middle of the first cubital cell ; abdomen always marked with yellow above; pygidium in 9 always flat, triangular. Mialesercppecttecpiccss «+ ++. 0 + lei SPbiempemmonmiiane py fcke ae Sales one lac hace eae mar Females : Superorbital foveze sharply defined, large oblique, or at least THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 215 indicated by a large oblique depression on the surface.......3. Superorbital foveze always wanting, never sharply defined, at most indicated only by a scarcely perceptible depression between the lateral ocelli and the eyes. Third antennal joint longer than the fourth ; metanotum with the semicircular area very coarsely, irregularly reticulate or rugose,the posterior face reticulate or transversely wrinkled, with a deep median sulcus; recurrent nervure uniting with the cubitus at or a little before the apical third of the cubital cell ; abdomen alutaceous or coriaceous, impunctate, the first segment highly polished......Anothyreus, Dahlb. [Type A. lapponicus, Dahlb. | Third antennal joint shorter than the fourth; metathorax coarsely irregularly reticulate, the posterior face smoother, not transversely wrinkled ; mandibles at apex truncate or bluntly rounded, with a small tooth within before apex ; clypeus anteriorly quadrately produced medially, with acute lateral angles): ..5..... . .. +. sae ea ranethyreus, Kohl: [Type C. hilaris, Smith. ] 3. Mandibles at apex bidentate, the inner tooth the larger, bluntly rounded; thorax closely punctate, opaque, and often with longi- tudinal aciculations; metathorax punctate, with a median longi- tudinal sulcus posteriorly, the triangular area at base rather small reticulate or alveolate. Clypeus anteriorly broadly quadrately produced; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell much before itssapical third)... ...:< chem Synothyreopus, Ashm., n. g. [Type C. tumidus, Pack. ] Clypeus anteriorly, not quadrately produced, rounded, or at most semicircularly produced; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell at or beyond ,the apical third, RALEhy ElOLG set. 2s). 6a oe Ee OY CeOpustsl_atreille: [Type C. cribrarius, Fabr.] 4. Anterior legs abnormally developed, the trochanters, the femora or tibie, or altogether broadened, most dae with a_ shieldlike expansion, Oni theitibie. ..... 2 , Ah Anterior legs normally AS llancs. “Gee tibiee hea a " shieldlike expansion, 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Superorbital foveze wanting, never sharply defined, at the most represented by slight glabrous depressions ; middle tibiz with an apical spur. Metathorax coarsely irregularly rugose, with a deep furrow on the posterior face, the latter also usually transversely wrinkled ; mesonotum finely coriaceous, opaque, very sparsely punctate ; anterior and middle tibiz with a sparse flocculus beneath................Anothyreus, Dahlbom. [Type A. lapponicus, Dahlb.] Metathorax coarsely reticulate ; pronotum with acute lateral angles anteriorly ; mesonotum closely punctate, opaque, not aciculate; mesopleura with a conical tubercle before the middle cox ; trochanters and femora beneath clothed with a rather long, thick, white floc- GUlus . . 2 Ps RES io eee eerste Paranothyreus, Kohl. [Type C. hilaris, Smith. ] 5. Superorbital fover sharply defined, distinct, oblique, usually dull or opaque at bottom ; metathorax rugose, opaque, with a deep median sulcus on posterior face; mesonotum closely punctate, opaque, often longitudinally aciculate or striate. Antenne with the flagellum not fusiform, hardly compressed, the joints not or scarcely wider than long, the first two always longer than wide; clypeus anteriorly quadrately produced ; anterior tarsi not especially broad, without an appendage... .. aie .g vee s Oy HOthyreo pus MASH. ao . [Type C. tumidus, Pack. ] Antenne with the flagellum fusiform, compressed, the joints much widened, the first three or four joints fully twice as wide, or wider, than long ; clypeus anteriorly, not quadrately produced, at the most semicircularly produced; anterior tarsi broad, dilateds with an appendage ..........Thyreopus, Lep., et. Br. | Type C. cribarius, Fabr. ] 6. The recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell at or near the middle, or oniy slightly beyond the middle ; abdomen usually immaculate, without yellow marks; mandibles at apex bidentate or tridentate; eyes strongly convergent below, the antennal sockets in consequence being very close to the eye ou THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 The recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell distinctly or considerably beyond the middle; abdomen most fre- quently marked with yellow, rarely immaculate ; metathorax feebly sculptured, with a well-defined cordate area on the posterior face. .9. PUNO TOME Miao: . .. la Ne) Bret DIS 2 58s Females : Superorbital foveze sharply defined, linear or wedge-shaped, and usually connected with a depression behind the lateral ocelli ; abdomen polished impunctate, or at most finely, microscopically punctate; pygidium narrowed, foveated. Blepharipus, Lepel., et.Br. [ =Ccelocrabro, Thoms.*] [Type B. nigrita, Lepel. | Superorbital foveze wanting, or never sharply defined, indicated only by a slight cicatrix or glabrous mark; metanotum with a well- defined semicircular area, divided by a median grooved line; abdomen smooth, impunctate, the pygidium flat, triangular, not excavated, and clothed with glittering Walnspen ie Weise cs cs ss. . oe erossocerus. ep: relreuat: [Type C. scutatus, Lepel. | 8. Superorbital foveze sharply defined ; metathorax with the cordate area not well defined, usually subobsolete; front legs and antenne normal; middle tibize with an apical spur. Clypeus anteriorly narrowly produéed and roundly emarginate; head quadrate or subquadrate, the superorbital fovez linear or wedge-shaped ; abdomen not or scarcely longer than the head and thorax united, polished... eee.) blephanipuss, lepel: = Ccelocrabro, Thoms. [Type B. nigrita, Lepel. | Clypeus narrowly produced medially and sinuate on each side of the production ; head large, nearly quadrate, the superorbital fovee distinct but not large, pyfiform; abdomen not very OME. s¢c gcc dee) “a saie + + 2, + e eeeeMeICLOSSOCEFIS, -AShimM,.on. [Type C. insolens, Fox. | Clypeus subsemicircularly produced, not emarginate ; superorbital fovee curved, linear or lunulate; hind tibie strongly clavate ; abdomen greatly elongate, about twice as long as the head and * Blepharipus was subdivided by Morawitz and others before Thomson, which left nigrita as the type. 216 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. thorax united. (? unknown). Alaska..Dolichocrabro,Ashm.,n.g. [Type D. Wickhamii, Ashm. ] Superorbital foveze not sharply defined, wanting, or at most indicated by a cicatrix or a slightly depressed glabrous line ; metathorax with a well-defined cordate area ; clypeus not emarginate anteriorly. Front legs abnormal, the tibize zzt/ a shieldlike EXPANSION... .../.2 50s oll eee eeeee > >. ChOSS@GEDUS luepels [Type C. scutatus, Fabr. | Front legs normal or nearly, the tibiz w¢thout a shieldlike expansion, the tarsi somewhat flattened, or at most subdilated......... see eee... Stenocrabro, Ashm:, mse. [Type C. planipes, Fox. | TT peEAeS ere os 6.<-0 3 le saviac ane ah chee Sah A I Females : Superorbital foveze wanting, or at most indicated by a glabrous depression, the occipital line or margin produced into a tooth beneath the temples; mandibles without a tooth within, truncate or blunt at apex, indistinctly bidentate; metathorax very feebly sculptured, with a well-defined, smooth, semicircular area at base ; abdomen smooth, sometimes with yellow macule ; anal lobe in hind wings as long as the submedian cell. Hoplocrabro, Thomson. {Type C. quadrimaculatus, Fabr. | Superorbital fovez distinct, sharply defined, pear-shaped or broadly depressed, the occipital line normal, not ending in a_ tooth beneath the temples ; ocelli in an equilateral triangle ; mandibles with a tooth within near the middle, at apex tridentate ; meta- thorax almost smooth, shining, with a well-defined semicircular area at base; abdomen polished; the first segment somewhat lengthened, the pygidium triangular, punctate ; anal lobe in hind wings shorter than the submedian cell................Cuphopterus, Morawitz. = Blepharipus, Auc. pars. [Type C. subulatus, Dahlb. ] 10. Superorbital foveze wanting, or at most indicated by a glabrous depression, never sharply defined, the occipital line or margin produced into a tooth beneath the temples; mandibles wéthout a tooth within; at apex bidentate....... Hoplocrabro, Thomson. Superorbital foveze distinct, sharply defined, pear-shaped, or broadly depressed; mandibles w7¢h a tooth within, at apex bidentate. Fei cis ss Devs sca ee ean ees oe GUDROP ESS. MLomeeNmmnes ~T THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIS‘. of North American Species. (19) ANoTHYREUS, Dahlbom. (23) BLePHARIPUS, Lepel. et Brulle. (1) A. hispidus, Fox, 9. (1) B. impressifrons, Smith, ? ¢ (20) PARANOTHYREUS, Kohl. —tibialis, Say, nec Fab. (i) 2B emeulatus; Pack., 9 2. (2) B. Harringtoni, Fox, 9. (z) P. cognatus, Fox, ¢ ¢. (3) B. migricornis, Prov., 2? g. (3) P. hilaris, Smith, 2 ¢. (4) B. nigrior, Fox, &. (4) P. Snowu, Fox. (5) B. cinctipes, Prov., ? ¢. (21) SYNOTHYREOPUS, Ashmead. (6) Beater (Cr, 2 3. (1) 'S. conspieuus; Cr... 2 . (24) Epicrossocerus, Ashmead. (2) S. advenus, Smith, ? ¢. (1) E. insolens, Fox. (3) S.thyreophorus, Kohl, 2 ¢.(25) DoLttcHocRraBrRo, Ashmead. (4) S. vernalis, Pack., 9 6. (1) D. Wickhamii, Ashm., 3. (5) S. virgatus, Fox, ¢. (26) CROSSOCERUS, Lepel. et Brulle. (6)'Szineertus;-Fox, 9S. (eC: Harrisn® Packs Vs (7) S. tumidus, Pack.,? ¢. (oC. snleus; Foxy 2 4. (8) S. tenuiglossus, Pack., 2 ¢. (22) TuHyreEopus, Latreille. ayeCz pictipes, Fox, ig. 4),C. incavus, Fox, ¢. ( ( (a) Ts lareior,- Fox? ¢. (5) C. minimus, Pack., 9. (2) T. pleuralis, Fox, 2 ¢. (6) C. propinquus, Fox. (3) Ts. monticola, Pack., 9 ¢. (7) C. maculiclypeus, Fox, 9 ¢. (4) T. pallidus, Fox, ? 7. (3), Gmenittis, Fox,9". (5) T. aequalis, Fox, 9. (27) SYENOCRABRO, Ashmead. (6) T. discretus, Fox, ?. (z)/S! planipes, Fox, ¢.. (ye P. argus Pack 9) 3. (2pSetarsalis, Fox, ¢. (8) 1.) tenuis Foxy Od . (3) (?) unicus, Pattn., 9. (9) T. medius, Fox, ? ¢. (28) HopLocrasro, Thomson, (10) T. Provancheri, Fox, 9. (29) CupHoprerus, Morawitz. (rn), i erebelliter,s Pack. ¢ . (1) C. maculipennis, Smith, ? ¢. (12) T. latipes, Smith, ¢. (2) C. confertus, Lepel. (13) Ee vicinus, Crav9:, (3) C. nitidiventris, Fox, ¢ ¢. (14) T. alpestris, Cam:, ¢. (4) C. ventralis, Fox, @. (15) T.-alticola, Cam., 6. (16) T. peltasta, Kohl, ¢. SuBraMiILty IV.—Rhopaline. This group is readily separated from.the others by the petiolate abdomen, or at least by the long and petioliform first abdominal segment, which is usually without distinct lateral carine. (oa) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The subfamily otherwise, however, seems to be closely allied in the structure of the thorax, and in wing characteristics, to both the Lindeniine and the Thyreopine ; but besides the long, petioliform first abdominal segment, which separates the group from both, it is also separated from the former by the bidentate, not simple, mandibles, while from the latter it is also distinguished, as a rule, by antennal, mandibular, palpial and other differences. The group may be divided into the following subgenera : Table of Genera. Maxillary palpi 5-jointed ; labial palpi 3-jointed ; mandibles bidentate at apex, very exceptiohally bluntatapex in 9 ....... 22 ious. 3 Maxillary palpi 6-jointed. Labial, palpi 3-jointed ; mandibles bidentate... .%....4...1. eae Labial palpi 4-jointed. Mandibles at apex in @ tridentate, in ¢ bidentate ; mesopleura bounded anteriorly and posteriorly by a sharp ridge or carina ; head, thorax and abdomen opaque, very finely rugulose ; body of abdomen oval or subovate, marked with yellow, the petiole or first segment subclavate; pygidial area in @Q narrowed, foveate: recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell beyond the middle ; antenne in @ 12-, in ¢ 13- FOIE aid ii-\c ocelot a caien oF eens) WAS PLOCLUS, Meepuer Jen, ==Megapodium, Dahlb. [Type D. bipunctatus, Lep. | Mandibles in both sexes bidentate ; ocelli triangularly arranged ; mesopleura bounded by a sharp carina anteriorly, but not posteriorly ; head and thorax finely, closely, minutely punctate ; metanotal area distinct, smooth, polished, with some striz at base, the posterior face with the cordate area well defined ; abdomen clavate, impunctate, not marked with yellow, the petiole subclavate ; pygidial area triangular, flat, not foveate ; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell a little before the middle; antenne in @ 12-jointed, the third joint the longest, twice the length of the pedicel. (Male unknown)... .. sh 0.4 eee ey MOTROpaltin,faus him, ny [Type C. decorus, Fox. | 2. Face below rather broad, the eyes only slightly convergent towards THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219 the clypeus ; clypeus very short, not triangularly acute ; anten- nal sockets somewhat distant from each other, but still wider from the eye margin than to each other ; third antennal joint much shorter than the fourth, the latter being the longest joint ; abdomen marked with yellow, the pygidium in 2 narrow, somewhat length- SNEC Ae sot eno NaaAlic.. + sone: DEACMYMQeLUS, Mahl: ==Tracheliodes, Morawitz. —Fertonius, Perez. [Type B. megerlei, Dahlb. ] Face narrowed below, the eyes convergent towards the clypeus ; ocelli subtriangularly arranged; clypeus anteriorly medially pro- duced, the angles of same acute ; antennal sockets nearer to the eye margin than to each other, but still close together ; third antennal joint not jonger than the fourth, but shorter than the second or pedicel ; mesopleura not bounded by a carina posteriorly ; metanotal area smooth, with some short striz at base ; abdomen clavate, not marked with yellow, the pygidial area triangular, rounded at apex ; antenne in ¢ 13-jointed, normal, none of the joints emarginate or compressed ; mandibles with a large tooth or process beneath near Preibasewuc sere as. sss Oe nathts, Ashins,.ie c [Type C. occidentalis, Fox. ] 3. Abdominal petiole clavate, subglobosely swollen at apex..........4. Abdominal petiole subclavate, or very gradually thickened towards apex, never subglobosely swollen at apex. Mesosternal suture wanting or indistinct. Head obtrapezoidal ; eyes pyriform, convergent anteriorly to- wards the clypeus ; ocelli arranged in a regular triangle ; body feebly coriaceously opaque ; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell at about the middle ; pygidium triangular, punctate, distinct.........Microcrabro, Saussure. . [Type M. micromegus, Sauss. | Head similar, but larger, a little longer than wide, the temples very broad; superorbital fovez sharply defined, linear ; ocelli arranged in an equilateral triangle, and rather widely separated ; a strong spine between bases of antenne ; head and thorax somewhat coarsely, rugosely punctate ; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell a little before the middle ; pygidium triangular, flat ; antenn in ? bo bo fo) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 12-, im ¢ 13-jointed ; the terminal joint in the latter com- pressed, dilated ; the others normal. .Moniecera, Ashm., n. g. [Type C. abdominalis, Fox. | Mesosternal suture distinct, extending to the middle coxe, and distinctiy separating the mesosternum. Head subquadrate or obtrapezoidal, wider than long, the temples not especially broad; mandibles at apex in truncate, blunt, in ¢ bidentate ; antenne in 92 r2-,in ¢ 13- jointed, the latter deformed, some of the joints emarginate beneath ; metathorax coarsely rugose ; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell distinctly beyond the middle ; pygidium in P flat, triangular. . Podagritus, Spinola. [Type P. Gayi, Spin. ] 4. Mesosternal suture wanting; mandibles in both sexes bidentate ; ocelli triangularly arranged. Metathorax smooth, the cordate area on the posterior face, more or less distinctly defined ; antenne in P 12-, in ¢ 13-jointed, the latter deformed, some of the flagellar joints depressed or emarginate beneath ; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell far beyond the middle.... Rhopalum, Kirby. —Corynopus, Lep., et Br. [Type R. tibiale, Fabr. ] Metathorax feebly punctate, the cordate area less distinct ; an- tenne in Pp r2-,in ¢ 13-jointed, the latter normal, none of the joints emarginate ; recurrent nervure in front wings received by the cubital cell at or near the middle. . Physoscelis, Lepel., et Br. [Type C. clavipes, Linne. ] [—rufiventris, Panz.] North American Species. (30) Dasyproctus, Lepeletier and (2) M. asperatus, Fox, ¢. Brulle. (36) PobaGritrus, Spinola. (31) SYNORHOPALUM, Ashmead. ? uncertain. (1) 8, decoras, Fox, ?. (1) P. fulvohirtus, Cam. (32) BRACHYMERUS, Dahlbom. (2) P. maculitarsis, Cam. (33) ALLIOGNATHUS, Ashmead. (3) P. jason, Cam. (1) A. occidentalis, Fox, P $. (37) RHopatum, Kirby. (34) MIcROCRABRO, Saussure, (1) R. pedicellatum, Pack., P ¢. (35) Moniecera, Ashmead. (2) rufigaster, Pack., P ¢. (1) M. abdominalis, Fox, P. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 221 Famity X VIJ.—Pemphredonide. The difference in venation of the hind wings and the distinctly petio- late abdomen, as well as the venation of the front wings, readily distinguish this family from the Crabronide. Inthe former family the median cell is fully twice as long as the submedian, while in the Pemphre- donide it is not twice as long as the submedian cell. Two subfamilies have been recognized, distinguished as follows : Table of Subfamilies. Antenne inserted close to the base of the clypeus ; front wings with two cubital cells, rarely with one only. .Subfamily I., Pemphredonine. Antenne inserted far above the clypeus on or near the middle of the face ; front wings with three cubital cells...Subfamily II., Psenine. SUBFAMILY I.—Pemphredonine. The insertion of the antenne far forward, close to the base of the clypeus, is the only reliable character to separate the subfamily from the Pseninze, although, as a rule, the head is larger, more quadrate, and the venation of the front wings is also different. The genera may be recognized by the use of the following table : Table of Genera. Frontwings: with two recurrent nervuresmerwse. a: vo ee ee Front wings with only one recurrent nervure. Epon’ wings wit twoxcubital cells: setae aes tite) aes Front wings with only one cubital cell. Marginal cell short, triangular; clypeus triangularly pointed anteriorly or with a slight median production ; mandibles biden- tate, the lower tooth the longer......... Ammoplanus, Girard. Ze eetiole of abdomen Tong yas)... / 5... ea eal tes eke eye Be Petiole of abdomen short. Second cubital cell quadrate ; recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse cubitus or nearly ; mandibles biden- TALS eitia os aiayey slais ) (es, ++ «soi nS plloMmena, + ShuckarG, 3. Recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell near its middle or little beyond ; second cubital cell quadrate ; ventral plate in p normal ; mandibles bidentate...................Stigmus, Jurine. Recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell at its lower basal angle or interstitial with the first transverse cubitus ; bo bo bo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . second cubital cell triangular ;. ventral plate in P armed with a spine.. spiSli/ises se sprog ile auceticonee .. Harpactophilus, Smith. 4. Abdomen with the petiole never base than the hind coxe. Sues Abdomen with the petiole longer than the hind coxe; ahaa 3-dentate. First cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures, or the second recurrent is interstitial with the first transverse CUIIEUS, ... 4 2's see ae eee 6. fe. ACEMORUSe urine: —=Diplebus, Westw. First and second cubital cells each receiving a_ recurrent nervure ; second cubital cell large, usually quad- rates. 2... SD eee Pemphredon;Shuekard, 5. Hind tibie along the outer face spinous or subserrate.............6. Hind tibiz along the outer face smooth, unarmed. Head armed with a spine or tubercle between the antenne ; labrum not triangularly produced.............Ceratophorus, Shuckard. Head unarmed; labrum triangularly produced. .Passaloecus, Shuck. 6. Head seen from in front wider than long ; clypeus at apex ae abdomen ovate, not longer than the head and thorax united, petiole very short.. sats Se chalet . Diodontus, chee Head seen from in fare Bee te lanees than wide ; clypeus not emarginate ; abdomen elongate, slender, cylindrical, joaier than the hea@and thorax united. ....i0...s2+5-+ oa.« POlymMiIStus, Saussure: North American Species. (1) AMMOPLANUS, Girard. (4) S. fulvipes, Fox, ?. (1) A. columbianus, Kohl., ?. (5) S. parallelus, Say, ¢. (2) A. constrictus, Prov. (Ana- (6) S. podagritus, Kohl, ?. crabro), 9. (7) S. montivagus, Cam., P. (3) A. laevis, Prov. (Anacrabro), (4) HARPACTOPHILUs, Smith. Di (5) CEMONUS, Jurine. (2) SPrLoMENA, Shuckard. (1) C. inornatus, Say. (1) S. pusilla, Say, ?. (2) C. bipartior, Fox, ?. (2) S. Foxii, Ckll. (3) oC. otenax, Box,: 2 gi. (3) Sticmus, Jurine. (6) PEMPHREDON, Shuckard. (1) S. americanus, Pack., ? 3. (1) P. concolor, Say, © ¢. (2) S. inordinatus, Fox, 9 ¢. (2) P. angularis, Fox, ? ¢. (3) S. fraternus, Say, 2 3. (3) P. nearticus, Kohl, P %. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 220 (4) P. Rileyi, Fox, @ ¢. (5) P. dispar, Fox, f. (5) P. confertim, Fox, ¢. (6) P. cuspidatus, Smith, 2. (6) P. Provancheri, Ashm., @. (7) P. armeniacie, Ckll. and =concolor, Prov., nec. Fox. Say. (9) Diopontus, Curtis. (7) P. montanus, Dahlb., 2 ¢. (1) D. occidentalis, Fox, ¢. (8) P. (?) marginatus, Say. (2) D..rugosus, Fox, ¢. (7) CERATOPHORUS, Shuckard. (3) D. flavitarsis, Fox, ¢. (8) PassaLorcus, Shuckard. (4) D. americanus, Pack., 2 ¢. (1) P. annulatus, Say, ¢ 6. (5) D. Gillettei, Fox, ?. (2) P. relativus, Fox, ¢. (6) D. luguminiferus, Ckll, 3. (3) P. distinctus, Fox, ¢. (7) D. nigritus, Fox, @. (4) P. mandibularis,Cress, P ¢. (10) PoLymistus, Saussure. SUBFAMILY II.—Psenine. In this subfamily, the species, as a rule, are narrower and more elongate ; the head less distinctly quadrate, more transverse, with narrower temples ; the front wings with three cubital cells ; while te antenne are always inserted on or near the middle of the face, far above the clypeus. Psen, Latreille, was the first genus to be described, but the description was a broad one, and included all the species known at that time. It was subsequently, however, subdivided by Shuckard and others, and in order to do justice to these authors, and to prevent the erection of new generic names, I prefer to follow them in preference to Kohl, who would restrict all to a single genus, with Spex atra, Fabr. (Panzer), as the type. This was also the status of the subgenera up to the appearance of Kohl’s work in 1896, and was acceded to and accepted by all active Hymenopterologists, and I can see no good reason for making a change in our definition of these subgenera at this late date, and thus bring con- fusion into our nomenclature and text-books. The genera recognized may be tabulated as follows : Table of Genera. Cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median nervure, the latter short and Straight, perpendieularsc: 22+). 9255. 22 AS 2. 2 Cubitus in hind wings originating Jéfore the transverse median nervure, the latter long and oblique or slightly bent, but zo¢ perpendicular. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures, rare/y with the first recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse 224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. cubitus, or the second recurrent interstitial with the second transverse cubitus ; inner spur of hind tibiz dilated ; metathorax with a median sulcus, the area at base striate or alveolate ; petiole of abdomen long, usually furrowed laterally ; clypeus convex or subconvex, separated,anteriorly more or less rounded, and with a slight vein, but without a median sinus ; labrum HUGELED ais cs so). odo ds 6 le es «oo Mie sat Sinickard: =Aporia, Wesm. [Type M. equestris, Lind. ] Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure, or the first recurrent nervure is interstitial with the first transverse cubitus ; head witha spine between the antennz; clypeus ante- riorly rimmed, and with a median SINUS: =... .. «5 sBiscka eee Dahl bonita, Wissmianm -=Mesopora, Wesmael. —Psen, Kohl. [Type Sphex atra, Panz.] 2. Submedian cell in front wings a little shorter than the median, the transverse median nervure being not quite interstitial with the basal nervure ; second cubital cell usually much narrower above. Second and third cubital cells each receiving a recurrent nervure, rarely with the first recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse cubitus.. i... ee eeee s cess ss os ace @ Sele oatraenies —Psenulus, Kohl pars. [Type P. atratus, Panz.] Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nerv- Ds See 2) ol Ties aoe eere . Psenulus, Kohl. alee M. Gasenpeniciss Dahlb. | North American Species. (11 )Mimesa, Shuckard. (9) M. basirufa, Pack., ? 3. (1) M. chalcifrons, Pack., ?. (10) M. cylindricus, Fox., 2? ¢. (2) M. argentifrons,Cross.,? ¢. (11) M. regularis, Fox, 9. (3) M. Cressonii, Pack., ? ¢. (22) MG miger Pack: Qi, - (4) M. borealis, Smith, @ ¢. (13) M. mixta, Fox, 9? ¢. (5) M. clypeata, Fox, ? ¢. (14) M. leucopus, Pack., ? ¢. (6) M. pauper, Pack., ¢ ¢. (15) M. cingulata, Pack. ¢. (7)-M..unitemeta, “Cress., .9 .¢. (16) M. granulosus, Fox,, 7. (8) M. proxima, Cress., ?. (17) M. gregaria, Fox, 2. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225 (18) M. maculipes, Fox, ¢. (12) DaHLBomia, Wissman. (19) M. longicornis, Fox, 2. (13) PsEN, Latreille. (20) M. mellipes, Say, ¢@ ¢. (1) P. frontalis, Fox, ?. (21) M. monticola, Pack., ? ¢. (2) P. trisulcus, Fox, ?. (22) M. Mexicana, Cam, 9. (3)) PR. kohlia, Fox, 2 ¢.- (23) M. pulchra, Cam., ¢. (4) P. punctatus, Fox, 9. (24) M. striolata,Cam., ?. (5) P. simplicicornis, Fox, f. (25) M. longiventris, Cam., 9°. (6) P. fuscipes, Pack. (26) M. Cameroni, Ashm., 9°. (7) -eatbialis; Cr, 2 3. —monticola,Cam.,nec., Pack. (8) P. suffusus, Fox, P. (27) M. Montezuma, Cam., 9°. (9g) P. annulipes, Cam. (28) M. claviventris, Cam., 9. (14) PsENULUS, Kohl. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF MASSACHUS- ETTS COCCIDA__Iit. BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. Diaspine. (46) Aspidiotus hedera, Vall.; 1829-1897. LI. This is a very common pest in all greenhouses at Lawrence, and no doubt in all greenhouses in the State. It is found at Lawrence on Ivy, Palms and Cycas. A variety determined by Prof. Cockerell as probably ertceé, Boisd., on heather (/7ica) in a greenhouse at Lawrence. The scale is longer than typical Aedere, and of a yellowish cast, and also covered more or less with the epidermis of the plant. Hedere has been recorded from Kansas, Utah, Illinois, California, Fiorida, Colorado, New Mexico, and New York, on Ivy, China-tree, Lemon, Oleander, Orange, Lace-fern = Asparagus plumosa, Acacia, Maple, Yucca, Plum, Cherry, Currant, Melia, Grass and Clover. (47) Aspidiotus aurantit, Mask.; 1878-1897. I. Very common species on orange and lemon exposed for sale in fruit stores. Some of the fruit was completely covered with the scales and unfit for sale. They came from California and Florida. It is recorded from Arizona, California, and Illinois, on orange, lemon, grape, and rose. (48) Aspidiotus perniciosus, Comst.; 1881-1895. N. Recorded from rg localities in this State, on apple, pear, peach, and rose. It has been reported from Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, California, North Carolina, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Idaho, 226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Indiana, New Jersey, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Michigan, New Mexico, New York, Nevada, Oregon, Oklahoma, Ohio, Pennsyl- vania, Washington St., Virginia, West Virginia, and Vermont, on apple, peach, plum, prune, pear, quince, rose, grape, spireea, apricot, currant, elm, walnut, corn, sugar-cane, etc. Mr. Schwarz has found the young of perniciosus in an ants’ nest, Monomorium minutum, Mayr., in Virginia. (49) Aspidiotus ancylus, Putn.; 1877-1898. N. Injurious in a few instances, at Malden, Charles Bank Park, Everett, and Lawrence, Mass., on Apple, Honey Locust, and Spirea aruncus. Recorded from Colorado, I[!linois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New York, New Mexico, Ohio, Virginia, Washington, D. C., and Wash- ington St., on Fay currant, quince, Wrightii apple, English oak, pear, osage orange, peach, water-locust, maple, linden, hackberry, black nut, beech, and ash. (50) Aspidiotus ficus, Ashm.; 1888-1897. I. Frequently found in greenhouses at Lawrence, Mass., on orange, rubber plant, palms, and on orange, lemon, and banana in fruit stores. Recorded from Texas, Florida, New Mexico, Louisiana, Georgia, Ohio, and Colcrado, on orange, lemon, Ficus, sp. Laurus virginiana, cocoanut palm, Oreodoxa regia, Curcuma longa, Pandanus, Celogyne cristata, gambolana, Myrtus Hillii, camphor, and rose. (51) Aspidiotus articulatus, Morg.; 1889-1898. I. Found on limes in a fruit store at Lawrence, probably from Jamaica. It is known from West Africa, Demerara, Trinidad, Jamaica, and Nevis. It is not known to inhabit any portion of the United States. (52) Aspidiotus Forbesi, Johnson ; 1896-1898. N. At Reading and Shady Hill, Mass., on Acer pseudoplatanus and apple; coll. Mr. Kirkland. It is found at New Mexico, Kansas, Illinois, Maryland, Georgia, and West Virginia, on apple and cherry. (53) Aspidiotus Fernaldi, Ckll.; 1898-1898. N. Found at Charles Bank Park on Gleditschia triacanthos, by Messrs. Kirkland and Cooley. (54) Aspidiotus smilacis, Comst.; 1883-1898. N. On Smilax, at- Woods’ Holl, Mass.; found by Prof. Trelease (Com- stock, Cornell Rept., 1883). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227 (55) Aspidiotus sp. (prob. young of A. dictyospermi, Morg.); 1889— 1898: I. Found by Mr. J. W. Folsom at the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, Mass. (CkIl. in litt.). It is recorded from Colorado, found in a green- house on Champerofpsis elegans. (56) Aspidiotus Crawti, Ckll.; 1897-1899. I. On ivy, Hedera, in a greenhouse at Lawrence, Mass., only known hitherto from Mexico, found there by Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, on fruit of some palm. (57) Aspidiotus cyanophylli, Sign.; 1869-1899. I. In a greenhouse at Lawrence, Mass., on a plant called Cobo japonica, on Ficus, M. S. (Comstock, Cornell Rpt., 1883, p. 39), on Cyanophyllum, at Paris, in a greenhouse (Signoret) on palm and Cycas in Ceylon according to Green. Also in Mexico. (58) Déiaspis carueli, Targ.; 1868-1895. I. Mr. J. G. Jack found this species at Jamaica Plain, Mass., on Juniperus spherica. It has been found at Washington, D. C., on vari- ous species of Juniperus. (59) Diaspis amygdali, Tryon; 1889-1898. I. At Jamaica Plain on Prunus mumeand P. subhirtella; also at Charles Bank Park, Boston, on Gledistschia triacanthos, by Mr. Kirk- land. It is said to occur at Ohio on Japan flowering cherry. As Zanatus it is reported from Washington, D. C., Georgia, Florida, and California. (60) Aulacaspis rose, Bouché; 1833-1898. I. Syn. Diéiaspis rosa, Bouché. A common pest on Aubus canadensis, R. strigosus, R. occidentalis, and a number of species of rose bushes, also wild rose bush at Lawrence, Methuen and Andover, Mass.; recorded from New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Missouri, Illinois, Delaware, California, and Arizona, on rose, rasp- berry and blackberry. A Chiloneurus, n. sp., has been reared from scales found at Andover, Mass., 1898. (61) Aulacaspis bromelia, Kerner ; 1788-1862. I. At Plum Island, Amherst and Cambridge, Mass., on Acacia, Olea fragans, Guidia? simplex and ivy. In greenhouses at Amherst and Cambridge, also in the Botanic Gardens at Cambridge. It is recorded from California on pineapple in a greenhouse. 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (62) Aulacaspis Boisduvailit, Sign ; 1869-1897. I. On palms in greenhouses at Lawrence, Mass.; also at Denver Colorado, on palms in greenhouse. (63) Aulacaspis elegans, Leon; 1899. I. Syn. Howardia elegans. On Cycas revoluta in a greenhouse at Lawrence, Mass. The plant was imported from Bermuda last year. The species was only known from Portici, Italy, on Cycas revoluta. (64) Parlatoria proteus, Curt., var. Pergandet, Comst.; 1881-1897. I. Very common on oranges and lemons at Lawrence, Mass., in markets. It is recorded from Florida on orange and lemon; at Cali- fornia on imported date palm. (65) Parlatoria zizyphus, Lucas ; 1853-1897. I. On lemons exposed for sale in fruit stores. I have no record of its being found infesting any trees in the United States. It is recorded from Africa. (66) Parlatoria (prob. proteus, var. crotonis), Ckll.; 1895-1898. I. Found at the Cambridge Botanic Gardens by Mr. J. W. Folsom (CkIl. in litt.). (67) Mytilaspis pomorum, Bouché; 1851-1862. I. One of the most common coccid pests at Lawrence, Methuen, Andover and Springfield, Mass., and no doubt in every town in the State, on willow, poplar, lilac, Viburnum, Spirea aruncus, rose, apple, and Cornus alternifolia. It is recorded from Alabama, Connecticut, Cali- fornia, South Carolina, Delaware, Georgia, New Hampshire, Illinois, Idaho, Indiana, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Maine, Missouri, New York, Nevada, Nebraska, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Ten- nessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Washington St., and Washington, D. C., on apple, pear, quince, raspberry, currant, hawthorn, buckthorn, linden, hop-tree, bladder-nut, horse-chestnut, maple, water- locust, honeysuckle, ash,elm, hackberry, cottonwood, willow, poplar, prune, birch, Cornus sp. and Cornus californicus, plum, wild red cherry, wild grape, sfirea, fig, and rose bushes. The parasite, Aphelinus mytilaspidis, Le B., was reared from scales at Methuen, Mass. (68) Mytilaspis citricola, Pack.; 1870-1897. N. On orange and lemon, in fruit stores, exposed for sale at Lawrence, * THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 Mass. It is known from California, Colorado, Florida, and Georgia, on A orange and lemon. (69) Mytilaspis Gloverit, Pack.; 1869-1897. N. At Lawrence, Mass., on orange and lemon in fruit stores, and recorded from California, Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, and New York, on orange and lemon. (70) Pinnaspis pandani, Comst.; 1881-1880. I. At Cambridge Botanic Gardens, coll. by J. W. Folsom, 1898 (CkIl. in litt.). Originally described from Harvard Botanic Garden under the genus Mytilaspis. CORRESPONDENCE. A CALIFORNIAN TICK. Sir,—Herewith I send a specimen of an Arachnide which looks to me to belong to the genus Argas, or so it was called when I was studying that group of Arthrozoa. At the same time, I send you an account of observations upon the effect of the bite of the Avgas, which observations seem to me to throw some light on the conflicting statements regarding the effect of the bite of the reputed Argas Persicus. From the observations of my correspondent, Mr. R. A. Plaskett, who resides in a district in the Santa Lucia Mountains infested by this very local Arachnide, it appears that horses, which animals are generally bitten just above the hoof, seem not to suffer. The Argas drinks only from three to five minutes and then drops without leaving a swelling. This is unlike the Zxodes and ZTrombidium, which will suck for a day or two, frequently causing swelling and suppuration. These are generally reputed to be the result of methods used in extracting the animal, but they are occasionally observed where the animal has left of its own free will after having satisfied its appetite. Another peculiar characteristic in the habits of the animal is its dis- like of green vegetation. It is always found on the top of dry, leafless. twigs or in dust, never amidst foliage, as are Zrombidium and Jxodes ; but this part of my friend’s observations has to be taken cum grano salis, as he is not an experienced entomologist, and amidst green foliage it is 230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. not so easy to discover a dust-coloured insect as when it is isolated on the top of a dry twig, whence it lets itself drop upon the passer-by. As to the effect of the Argas bite on the human species, the symptoms vary as well as the time of suction following the bite. The effect seems to depend chiefly on personal idiosyncrasy, which probably also accounts for the comparative immunities and receptivities reported in reference to the bite of Acanthia (Cimex) lectularia, Reduvius, and of the different Zzpu/ides and Cudicides. R. A. Plaskett has been bitten twice, and in each case it took about twenty-four hours before fever and swelling set in. The numbness of the bitten parts, which is so char- acteristic of the bite of Arachnides, Myriopodes, and of some Hymen- opterous stings, was not noticed in a single instance. Now, these observations agree very well with the statements that are in our possession regarding the effects of the bites of other Argas, and at the same time they explain the discrepancies in the statements of the effects of the bite of the dreaded Aryas FPersicus, which seems to be as local as our California insect. The fatal termination in cases where persons have been bitten by Argas FPerstcus, which are mentioned by old Herodotus, and by Pallas in modern times, may have their origin in malarious fevers, which are very common in that district of the Persian Province Ghilan, between the Caspian Sea and the Elbrus Mountains, where the Argas is found. The bite of the animal is probably only a coincidence, of course not favour- able to the condition of a patient already weakened by malaria. Here in California we have had to face an analogous error with regard to the fatal effects of Rhus diversiloba. All the fatal cases were malaria patients, sick for a considerable time before they came in contact with the Rhus. As to the effect of the bite of Argas Persicus, even if not fatal, the consequences in some instances must be serious enough to induce the inhabitants of Persian villages to change the location of their settlement, as is mentioned in Kotzebue’s report of his travels through Ghilan. At the same time, this change of location as a remedy is another proof of the very local distribution of Argas Fersicus, a peculiarity shared in common with Argas Co/umbe of Europe and our own Santa Lucia species. Our Santa Lucia species seems to be both diurnal and nocturnal. The Argas Columbe of Europe is nocturnal, and in its habits bears a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25k close resemblance to the common bedbug. The local name of our Californian species is Pajaronela, a word evidently derived from the Spanish Pajaro, a bird, and it would indicate to me a similar manner of living to that of Argas Columba, were not the statements of Mr. Plaskett, which are founded on repeated observations of this locally very common insect, diametrically opposed to such a supposition. I hope that the publication of these statements will excite some interest amongst practical students of entomology, and that they may lead to a closer study of those insects which interfere with the well-being of our own race. It may be that a closer study of the facts will furnish us with data that will explain why the sting of an insect, in some instances producing serious consequences, is in others perfectly harmless. Such data might throw some light on the mysterious play of idiosyncrasies. H. H. Benr. The specimen sent by Dr. Behr has been submitted for identification to the United States Entomologist, Dr. Howard, from whose Division the following reply has been received : “In the absence of Dr. Howard, I have to reply to your letter of the 3rd instant, transmitting a copy of an article by Dr. H. H. Behr, and a specimen of tick for identification. Mr. Banks, our authority on ticks, has examined the specimen in question, and is responsible for the follow- ing identification and note : “«The tick 1s Ornithodorus Americanus, Marx, and probably the same as O. turicata, Megnin, from Mexico. Neumann, in his recent revision of the group, uses Megnin’s name. It is well known to attack various animals. It is not common in the Southwest. There are four species of Argasids in our country : Argas Americanus, Pack.; A. Sanchezt, Duges ; Ornithodorus Americanus, Marx,and O. Megnini, Duges. An- other species, 4. fa/ayae, Guerin, may also occur in the region near Mexico.’ “The specimen and manuscript are returned herewith. Seals MARLATT; “Acting Entomologist.” Me 252° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. LUCANUS MASAMA, LEC. Sir,—I found this evening (28th June, 1899,) a male specimen of Lucanus Masama (Lec.), on the ground at the foot of a dead cotton tree. Investigating the place, I noticed several large holes around the tree, and discovered in one of them a pair of beetles, which were evidently intend- ing to mate. At the foot of another cotton tree stump near by, a male was crawling slowly on the ground; another male came flying and alighted, and a short search was rewarded by the discovery of a female, hidden in a hole. Another dead cotton tree yielded three males (two of them crawling and one flying) and one female, at the foot of the tree on the ground. It seems that the metamorphosis of the larva to the adult Lucanus masama takes place underground, the female probably not leaving the ground ; whereas the males fly around in search of the opposite sex. I noticed some large holes in the trees under which the specimens were found, and if these holes were made by the larva of L. masama, then the above ventured hypothesis is wrong, and the females simply hide in the ground, after having completed their metamorphosis in the substance of the tree, and seek the ground possibly for the deposition of their eggs. I would be greatly obliged to any reader of this notice for the life history of the other N. American species of Lucanus. A. Fenves, M. D., Santa Fe., New Mexico. ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Srr,—I desire, on behalf of the Entomological Society of Ontario, to make public acknowledgment of its indebtedness to Mr. C. T. Ramsden, of Santiago de Cuba, for many curious and interesting entomo- logical specimens of various kinds, his own collecting in that now famed locality. A more extended notice may be taken of some of them ata future time. J. Avston Morrat, Curator. The Rev. C. J. S. Bethune, editor of this magazine, begs to announce that he has resigned his position as Head Master of Trinity College School, Port Hope, which he has held for the last twenty-nine years, and that his address, after August 24th, will be 500 Dufferin Avenue, London, Ontario. Mailed August 11th, 1899. ia The Ganaiay Entomologist. VoL. XXXI. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1899. No. 9. OPHIOGOMPHUS. BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, LAKE FOREST, ILL. This genus of dragon flies is one of the groups whose members are accounted rare in collections, though quite abundant in nature. With the exception of three species, two of which have only been obtained in numbers by breeding, few imagoes have been taken. Although I have collected carefully for several years in localities where a few species were common enough, I have seen but three imagoes at large, but I have bred one species by hundreds, and have seen the exuvie upon the banks of streams by tens of thousands. Nymphs of this genus seem to prefer the sandy or gravelly beds of clear, rapid streams, flowing through rocky woods. What becomes of the countless imagoes which issue from such piaces by night in early summer I have not as yet been able to find out. So long as the collector of these insects depends entirely upon an air net for his imagoes they are likely to remain rare in his collection ; but even a single occasional capture of a good specimen may still add to our knowledge of the genus, since variation is considerable, descriptions are fragmentary, and specimens of most species are few. This paperis but an excuse for the accompanying plate (5), whose figures are mainly drawn from the types of species and show the struc- tures chiefly used in characterizing them. In its preparation I have hed free use of the Hagen collection at Cambridge and of the Lintner collection at Albany—thanks to the kindness of Mr. Henshaw and of Dr. Felt, respectively. This plate and the few annotations on species which follow will serve to bring our species together in one view, and will also indicate the chief gaps in our knowledge of them. Secondary sexual characters have been mainly used for separating Ophiogomphus from its nearest allies; Onychogomphus (fig. 32) of the Old World, and Herpetogomphus of the western United States and south- ward. The most salient of the differential characters used for the two American genera have been the form of the inferior abdominal appendage 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. in the male, and the length of the vulvar lamina in the female. These have proved unsatisfactory, especially for the males (of which more are known), yet without destroying faith in the validity of the two genera as natural groups. I wish to point out that there isa venational character, applicable to both sexes, which seems to segregate these two genera sharply. Itis the anal loop (see figs. 31 and 33). In Ophiogomphus (fig. 31) the first and second branches of the anal vein (1 and 2) are approximated near their origin to enclose, together with a cross vein connecting them, a distinct anal loop (a) of two to four (normally of [| Wc Fic. 31.—OPrHIOGOMPHUS, Fic, 32.—ONYCHOGOMPHUS, Fic. 33.—HERPETOGOMPHUS, three) cells. In Herpetogomphus (fig. 33) these veins are not so approxi- mated, and no such semicircular enclosure is formed, but two ordinary cells lie between the veins at their origin. The genus Ophiogomphus includes, besides four European and Asiatic species, the following thirteen nominal species found in the United States, named in the order of their discovery : 1. O. colubrinus, Selys.—Maine and northward. <¢ and ? known. 2. O. rupinsulensis, Walsh.—Eastern U.S. ¢ and @ known. 3. O. Mainensis, Packard.—Northeastern U.S. ¢? and @ known. 4. O. bison, Selys.—Nevada. 9? known. 5. O. severus, Hagen.—Colo. ¢ and ¢ known. 6. O. montanus, Selys.—Mont. ¢ known. 7. O. Morrisoni, Selys.—Nev. 3 and @ known. 8. O. occidentis, Hagen.*—Wash. f and 92 known. 9. O. Carolinus, Hagen.*—N. Car., Ky.P ¢ and 2? known, 1o. O. aspersus, Morse.— ¢ and 2 known. nn rere “Imago undescribed, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 235 1r. O. Johannus, Needham.—N. Y. f known. 12 -O. Carolus, Needham.—N. Y. ¢ and @ known. 13. O, anomalus, Harvey.—Maine. ¢ known. STRAY NOTES ON SOME OF THE SPECIES. O. anomalus, Harvey (Ent. News, IX., 60. ¢. Pl. V., fig. r.), is like Herpetogomphus in the form of the terminal abdominal appendages of the male. I have before me the hind wing of the type (which Pro- fessor Harvey has kindly sent me), and the anal loop is of the typical semicircular three-celled form of Ophiogomphus. O. Colubrinus, Selys, is the most sharply marked species of the genus. It is like the preceding in the generally darker coloration of the body and in having the face transversely Jineate with black, but it is unlike all the others in extreme length of the inferior abdominal append- age in the male, and in the straightness of the lobes of the vulvar lamina in the female (PI. 5, figs. 7 and 34). O. Johannus, Ndhm., and O. Carolinus, Hag., are distinguished by a second bifurcation of the inferior abdominal appendage in the male. The figures of O. Johannus, drawn from the type, which was a somewhat imperfect specimen and apparently not quite mature, may not fully represent the species; but the tips of the appendages and the genital hamules were at least well developed (figs. 9, 18 and 27 of Plate 5). The thicker parts of appendages are subject to some distortion in drying in immature specimens. As to O. Caro/inus, Hag., the types are in the Hagen collection at Cambridge, undescribed ; but a female nymph skin from Bee Spring, Ky., Hagen has described and referred by supposition to this species (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., XII., 258, 1885). This is especially unfortunate, because the nymphs in this genus are well-nigh undeterminable. If now the Kentucky nymphs should yield another species of imago—a thing entirely possible—there would be synonymic confusion of a rather unique sort. With small likelihood of settling the question of the correctness of Hagen’s supposition as to the nymph, it would seem best to regard the name as rightfully belonging to the imagoes from N. Carolina to which it was originally applied, and the types fixed by the figures herewith presented (figs. 8, 17, 26 and 35 of Plate 5). O. Mainensis, Pack. (Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1863, p. 255), and O. Carolus, Ndhm. (Cay. Ent., XXIX , 183, 1897), are very closely allied, perhaps identical. If the males in the Hagen collection were the types I should unhesitatingly pronounce O. Carolus a synonym. But the 236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. original female type there preserved is very different from any females of O. Carolus I have seen, especially in the form of the occiput (see Plate 5, figs. ro and 1g). The occiput is variable, to be sure, but I have shown the full extent of variability exhibited by a very large series of females of O. Carolus in these pages (Can. Ent., XXIX., Pl. 7, figs. 1-4), and have found nothing approximating the conformation of the type O. AZainensis. Since it is possible that the males associated with this female type may not belong with it, one must show before uniting the species either that the normal variation of the occiput includes such forms, or else that the female type is a freak. ‘The specimens in the Lintner collection, deter- mined by Hagen as O. Mainensis, agree entirely (both males and females) with O. Carolus. Of the three closely allied far-western species, O. severus, Hag., O. montanus, Sel.,and O. Morrisoni, Sel., | have seen very few specimens: of montanus, none at all. AZontanus was first described as a variety of O. severus, but was ranked as a species by De Selys in his Revision des Ophiogomphus (C. R. Ento. Soc. Belg., 1879, p. Ixiv.), and so listed by Kirby in his Catalogue of the Odenta. These three species constitute a group within the genus characterized by De Selys by the simple (horn- less) occiput of the female—a thing not distinctive, as we have seen, but apparently entirely characteristic of these species. The remaining species constitute a troublesome lot, among which Q. aspersus, Morse, seems pretty sharply defined ; but variation in the form of the accessory genitalia is very considerable. Only two of the species, O. rupinsulensis and O. occidentis, are known from more than a few specimens. The figures herewith given for these two species seem distinct enough, yet the specimens in the Hagen collection show them to intergrade almost completely. O. d/son was dropped by De Selys from the list given in his Revision (of. c’t.)—whether intentionally or not, I do not know—but the female in the Hagen collection is certainly very much like O. rupinsulensis. (See Plate 5, fig. 32.) I desire at this point to correct a very serious error of my own: Misled by the upturned inferior appendages of the male, and having too great faith in the constancy of genital characters, I described as Herpetogomphus pictus (Can. ENT., XXIX., 181, 1897), some exceptionally finely coloured males of O. rupin- sulensis. Since studying a large series, I do not retain the name even for a reliable variety. I figure here for O. occidentis (Pl. 5, figs. 4, 13 and 22), the bred specimen in the Hagen collection, which must be considered the type, since its cast skin is described (Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc., XII., 259). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PLATE 5.—StTRucTURAL DETAILS OF OpH1oGomMPHUS, 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. OPHIGOMPHUS. Explanations of Plate 5. Figs. 1 and 28—O. Carolus, Ndhm. Figs. 10, 19 and 36—O. Mainensis, Pack. Figs. 2, 11, 20 and 2g—O. aspersus, Morse. Figs 3, 12, 21, 30 and 31—O. rupinsulensis, Walsh. Figs. 4, 13 and 22—O. occidentis, Hag. Figs. 5, 14 and 23—O. Morrisoni, Sel. Fig. 32—O. bison, Sel. Figs 6, 15, 24 and 33—O. severus, Hag. Figs. 7, 16, 25 and 34—O. colubrinus, Sel. Figs, 8, 17, 26 and 35--O. Carolinus, Hag. Figs 9, 18 and 27—O. Johannus, Ndhm. The figures in the first column represent lateral views of the terminal abdominal appendages of the males; those in the second column, dorsal views of the same ; those in the third column, the genital hamules of the males, inverted and viewed from the side; those in the fourth column, vulvar lamina of femaies upon the sternum of the 9th abdominal segment : — excepting figs. 10, front, and 19, oblique fronto-lateral views of the occipital process of the female type of O. Mainensis; fig. 26, ventral view of male abdominal appendages ; and fig. 31, dorsal view of the head of O. rupinsulensis, showing the curious post-ocular tubercles : e, eye; /, frons. CLASSIFICATION OF THE. ENTOMOPHILOUS WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY SPHEGOIDEA. BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Paper No. 4.) Famity XVIII.—Bembicide. The sessile abdomen, always without a constriction between the first and second segments, but above all the very large, free, triangularly elongated labrum, which is always much longer than wide at base, the sinuate or @-shaped transverse median nervure in the hind wings, and the aborted ocelli, at once distinguished the family. Most authorities have confused, or at least included this family with the family Stizide, which also has a more or less prominent labrum ; but in the Stizidee the ocelli are a/ways distinct, normal, the labrum is most THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 239 frequently semicircular, always wider than long, while the middle tibiz have fwo distinct apical spurs, characters of great taxonomic value, readily recognizable, and which at once separate them from the Bembicide. The genera are not numerous, and may be separated as follows: Table of Genera. Anterior ocellar cicatrice elliptic, round or reniform.................2: Anterior ocellar cicatrice linear, transversely arcuate. Metathorax excavated posteriorly, compressed laterally ; last ventral segment in ¢ ending in 3 spines; mandibles dentate ; maxillary palpi 6-, labial palpi 4-jointed......... ......Bembidula, Burm. Metathorax flat or convex posteriorly, not compressed laterally ; last ventral segment in ¢ ending in a single spine. Mandibles dentate ; maxillary palpi 4-, labial palpi 2- jomnteda koa: .%. ay .. Bembex, Fabr. Mandibles edentate ; Pillaty palpi 3-, fail et [- jointed.. bcos Oke EEE 9 . Microbembex, Patton. . Front ocellar cicatrice porn or ‘entonee eee short ; maxillary palpi6-, labial palpi 4-jointed. ..... coeeee esas: Monedula, Latr. Front ocellar cicatrice elliptic ; maxilla long, attaining the hind coxe ; maxillary. palpi 3-, labial palpi r-jointed.............Steniola, Say. North American Species. (1) BemerbuLa, Burmeister. (3) B. insignis, Hdl. (1) B. variegata, Olis. = Belfragei, Cr., pars. (2) B. quadrifasciata, Say. (4) B. spinole,Lepel. (3) B. insidiatrix, Hdl. (—fasciatus, Auct.) (4) RB. parata, Prov. (5) B. similans, Fox. (5) B. capnoptera, Hal. (6) B. Sayi, Cr. var. mesillensis, Ckll. (7): .B: texana, (Cr. (6) B. fodiens, Hdl. (8) B. troglodytes, Hdl. (7) B. diodenta, Handl. (9) B. convexus, Fox. (8) B. decisa, Taschaub. (10) B. cinerea, Hdl. (9) B. viduata, Handl. (11) B. nubilipennis, Cr. (10) B. Burmeisteri, Handl. (12) B. pruinosa, Fox. (2) BemMBex, Fabricins. (13) B. occidentalis, Fox. (1) B. amoena, Hdl. (14) B. u-scripta, Fox. (2) B. Belfragei, Cr. (15) B. multipicta, Smith. =(Cressoni, Hdl.) (16) B, pallidipicta, Smith. 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (17) B. mimas, Handl. (14) M. villosa, Fox. MIEROBEMBEX, Patton. = mamillata, Fox nec Hedl. (1) M. monodonta, Say. (15) M. usetata, Fox. (3) MonebuLa, Latreille. (16) M. pulla, Hdl. (1) M. signata, Linn, 2 ¢. (17) M. nigrifrons, Prov. (2) M. carolin, Fabr., ? ¢. (18) M. heros, Fabr., 9 ¢. (3) M. spinosa, Cr. (19) M. surinamensis, De Geer, 2. —=formosa, Cr. (20) M. maculata, Fabr., 9 f. (4) M. serrata, Hdl. (21) M. punctata, Fabr., 2? ¢. (5) M. pulchella, Hdl. (22) M. dives, Hand]. —=minatula, Hdl. (23) M. mexicana, Handl. (6) M. tuberculata, Fox. (4) STENIOLIA, Say. (7) M. plana, Fox. (1) S. duplicata, Say. (8) M. emarginata, Cr. —==scolopacea, Handl. (9) M. femorata, Fox. (2) S. obliqua, Cr. (10) M. pictifrons, Smith. (3) S. tibialis, Hdl. (11) M. tenuicornis, Fox. (4) S. longirostra, Say. (12) M. scitula, Fox. (13) M. exiqua, Fox. FAMILY XJX.—Larride. This family seems to be closely allied to the family Bembicide, but is readily separated from it by the sma//, not free, labrum, which is usually completely hidden under the clypeus ; the ocelli are distinct or, at most, with only the hind ocelli aborted or represented by cicatrices ; the front wings have always a distinct stigma, while the cubitus in the hind wings originates most frequently beyond the transverse median nervure, the latter being straight, or at least never °-shaped. The family is a most extensive one, and widely distributed into all quarters of the globe, the temperate regions being especially rich in genera and species. Four distinct groups have been recognized, which I designate as sub- families, distinguishable as follows : Table of Subfamilies. Hind ocelli normal, distinct. . Aa “isis piace Hind ocelli more or less aiveanreen abeeteet or Solas Be ne or indi- cated by cicatrices ; mandibles most frequently emarginate on under SIGE: a Dea Cti iiss. sas ps ow os Momeni k lates Se MUAY he loalemnbes THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 241 2. Second cubital cell never petiolate, receiving both recurrent nervures, or the first and second submarginal cells each receive a recurrent nervure ; pronotum long................subfamily II., Lyrodinz. Second cubital cell petiolate or triangular, or more rarely entirely wanting ; pronotum most frequently short, transverse. Front wings with one or two cubital cells, or with none ; pygidial BGA, WeNIGUA Pies tie: <<. Sanstuee .. Subfamily III., Nitelinee. Front wings aera two or three cumbia allt ; pygidial area present ; marginal cell most frequently, but not always, truncate, with an appendage. «civ a... . oss des see Uhm Pisonine, SUBFAMILY I,—Larrine. The aborted hind ocelli, represented at the most by cicatrices, readily separate this subfamily from the others. The table of genera, which follows, is almost a literal translation from Dr. Franz Kohl. Table of Genera. Anal lobe of hind wings very large and extending to or beyond the apex of the submedian cell; third cubital cell, along the radius, shorter than along the cubitus ; mandibles most ay ee emargi- Maite WeMeAthls hieatalves cle: j LO OTA Wetec Anal lobe of hind wings aitch Ronee hoe el evaing to ie apex ofthe submedian cell ; third cubital cell, along the radius, as long or longer than along the cubitus ; second cubital cell triangular or petiolate, receiving both recurrent nervures, or the second recurrent is inter- stitial ; abdomen with the segments depressed at apex as in Cerceris; pygidial area sharply defined in both sexes... ....Palarus, [atreille. 2. Eyes in ¢ not converging and meeting above as in Astatus ; first and second dorsal abdominal segments with an acute margin laterally ; ventral segments 6-7 free, 2-5 exhibiting in part prominent trans. verse swellings ; marginal cell short, very broadly truncate ; third transverse cubitus uniting with radius a little before the truncature ; tarsal comb developed. ¢. (2? unknown.)..Homogambrus, Kohl. 3. First abdominal segment not strikingly elongate... .............4. First abdominal segment elongate, longer than the widest part, narrower towards base, imperfectly petioliform. Face without a trace of swelling or longitudinal fold along the inner eye margin, usually with a rounded central swelling on the upper part of the vertex ; pronotum lying deeply beneath 242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the apex of the mesonotum ; clypeus with 4 median teeth ante- riorly ; pygidium bare ; hind tibize without special characters, the tarsi of usual length, the basal joint hardly half as long as the tibie ; comb of froat tarsi short. (3 un- known.)...... rs .. Parapiagetia, Kohl. Face with Biehe biired: kG’ sw ellis in othe amiaaie appearing as a strong transverse swelling ; no swelling on the upper frontal part; the hind ocelli lying in a flat basis ; pronotum only slightly impressed beneath the apex of the mesonotum, the collar long ; metanotum as long, or nearly, as wide; pygidial area almost bare. with small bristles only at apex; hind femora at basal third beneath emarginate and with a tooth, often only with a blunt process ; tarsi elongate, the basal joint of hind tarsi very distinctly longer than half the pee of the tibiz ; teeth of front tarsal comb weak, short and slender.. .. Piagetia, Ritsema. 4. Face without a swelling or fold along the inner eye margin ; pronotum more or less deeply impressed beneath the apex of the mesonotum ; metanotum usually shorter than the mesonotum ; claws simple ; mandibles:emarginate beneath 63,0... 4 femdetes eeteranne lee Face with a swelling or fold along the inner eye margin...........5. 5. Second cubital cell not petiolate, always sessile......... ........6, Second cubital cell petiolate ; mandibles zthout a tooth within, emar- ginate beneath on outer side ; front tibiz on outer side spinous ; pygidial area bare, with the sides converging posteriorly ; legs, especially the femora, stout ; hind tibize not ridged ; ventral plate of second segment without swelling...............Larraxena, Smith. 6. Mandibles wth an emargination on under side..................8. Mandibles wéthout an emargination on under side; pronotum im- pressed beneath the apex of the mesonotum, especially laterally ; claws unusually long, simple........... : uslasailge 7. Mandibles with a subbasal tooth Pi a arene shapes oath sittin (2); hind margins of the dorsal abdominal segments distinctly de- pressed ; pygidial area (?) and the dorsal plate with very distinct scattered punctures, appearing (without taking into account the scattered erect hairs) bare and shining ; hind tibie not ridged ; front tibie outwardly not spinous; body and ee with long hairs. : ; . Paraliris, Kohl. Mandibles ‘within, not far ‘from ‘the base, with» one : tooth in ¢, with two teeth in 9; in the latter case the second tooth is distinctly THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 243 smaller than the first ; no subapical tooth within ; hind margins of dorsal abdominal segments zof distinctly depressed ; pygidial area in 2 clothed with shorter hair and stiff bristles towards apex ; dorsal segments thickly tomentose, or at least with a fine pubescence ; metanotum not emarginate behind; hind tibiz longly ridged be- hind ; front tibiz outwardly usually spinous,..........Liris, Fabr. 8. Mandibles z/thout a tooth within; pygidial area in 2 bare, without stiff bristles, at most with a very fine pubescence at apex only ; kind tibiz behind not ridged, or the ridge scarcely indicated. ....... 10. Mandibles wtH one or two teeth within before the middle, near the base ; pygidial area with stiff bristles, usually indistinct at apex ; lateral margins of the pygidium convergent behind ; front tarsal comb with stiff spines... .. Sea tax» sae ni ae: 8 9. Metanotum longer than the -ficsom) tae eyeniara area elotied. with a silvery pubescence; anterior femora in ¢ wof marginate near the base. shea tac rah Haw ee NOLOSOnia. Casta, Metanorura shonter sa ite mesonotum ; pygidial area bare towards the base, but with short, stiff hairs at apex; anterior femora in g emarginaté near the base......-,. +... ««)6- -...aAncistromma, Fox. 10. Claws no? unusually long, simple ; fone (eter either toothed or simple ; lateral ridges of the pygidial area (¢ ) feebly curved, not distinctly convergent ; ventral plate of the second abdominal seg- ment without deplanate places ; punctuation of the head and thorax distinct, proportionately not fine ; abdemen in ¢ usually densely punctured, with or without a pygidial area; mesosternal suture wanting..... ates Pye See ..Larra, Fabr. Claws unusually long, with a maedian iuatke Be corn only slightly impressed beneath the apex of the rieeanet tin, more towards the sides than medially ; front femora without a tooth; pygidial area with the lateral margins parallel or, in only a few cases, convergent posteriorly ; ventral plate of the second abdominal segment with two deplanated places at the base, which are separated by a keel- like elevation ; abdomen in 9 shining, with the margin of the seg- ments slightly tomentose; legs rather stout; ¢ with the claws simple, the mesosternal suture distinct posteriorly....Motes, Kohl. 11. Face medially w7thout a swelling, at the most with two small tubercles above the base of the antenne ; legs unusually stout ; abdomen not coarsely punctured; second dorsal segments not margined at SiG Sse ch edits ees +s Ue RM IDLE SMTA iT Ip ge, 244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Face medially we’ a well defined, rounded, smooth, shining swelling, placed at an equal distance between the front ocellus and the base of the antenne ; epicnemia of mesepisternum distinct ; front femora in ¢ without an emargination ; tarsal comb in 2 composed of very long flexible bristles ; abdomen very coarsely punctured ; second dorsal segment sharply margined at sides ; pygidial area in both sexes bare. whin sl Beisiatd tho Mie /EMeatos |. 5 SPEOSOpipasteaG@astae . Pygidial area lotic with short stiff eintles « hind ocellar cicatrices linear, hooklike ; tarsal comb in @ with caaees short spines; front femora in 4 either simple or aa near base be- TIGAGMPIRS 0... - cles 2 Mee oe, Ue iehivitessaP anager. Pygidial area bare ; biel aeaiice cicatrices ovals tarsal comb in 9 with long, désible SPINES ci: ptyaie Cameo iwkey Tenyennen Kohl. SUBFAMILY IJ.—Lyrodine. In this subfamily the ocelli are always distinct, normal, never aborted, the pronotum usually long, while the second cubital cell is never petiolate or triangular. Ihe distinct ocelli easily separate the group from the Larrine, while the venation of the front wings and the longer pronotum separate it from the Nitelinze and the Pisonine. The known genera may be recognized with the aid of the following table : Table of Genera. Marginal cell at apex truncate, or rarely rounded, but always wth a more or less distinct appendage ; two or three cubital cells...... 2, Marginal cell lanceolate, zezthout an appendage ; three cubital cells. Submedian cell shorter than the median, the second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures, the second recurrent entering it very close to the apex ; eyes convergent above ; mandibles not CXCISaMmeneAt. °°. [Gc cei mnie ae Deri Kohl. Submedian cell a little longer ne the micaeee: the second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent nervure at or near its middle, the first recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell near its apex ; eyes only slightly convergent above ; mandibles deeply excised beneath; cubitus in hind wings originating far beyond the transverse median nervure................Zoyphium, Kohl, 2. Front wings with two cubital cells. ... sit ee Front wings with three cubital cells, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY. 245 Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures............3. Second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent nervure—the second, the first recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell near its apex. Transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal nervure, or uniting with the median vein a little before it ; cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median nervure ; eyes somewhat convergent above; mandibles excised be- neath beyond the middle.............Sericophorus, Smith. = Tachyrhostrus, Sauss. 3. Transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal nervure ; cubitus in hind wings originating somewhat deyond the transverse median nervure ; collar long; eyes parallel ; mandibles Bait excised beneath . erate es sc he nee .. Lyroda, Say. ‘Transverse vtiedigia nervure uniting va hie wiediait? nervure defore the origin of the basal nervure ; cubitus in hind wings originating much before the transverse median nervure. Eyes submarginate within, convergent above ; ciypeus transverse, the anterior margin arcuate; mandibles at apex acute, un- armed; beneath excised beyond the MUM he tee ey voc. te eS oe eee Dh yt oes Soh): Eyes not at all emarginate within, strongly convergent above : clypeus large; mandibles excised beneath with two blunt teeth‘onhinner marsin):....... 22 eee aveianthrena, Bingham: 4. Submedian cell much shorter than the median ; second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; cubitus in hind wings originating beyond the transverse median nervure......Gastrosericus, Spinola. SuBraMILy III.—Niteline. In this group the ocelli are also distinct, but the venation of the front wings is quite distinct from the Lyrodinz, while the pronotum is shorter, transverse. From the Pisoninz it is also distinguished by venation, and by having wo pygidial area. The genera falling in this group are distinguished as follows : Table of Genera. Prontiwanes wo7t/i ia marginal cell... sae ewmameiie ons, cicoteieis. a + Front wings w7thout a marginal cell, LS) 246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Cubital and discoidal cells wanting, the cubital vein alone present, but much abbreviated ; eyes slightly convergent above; man- dibles excised beneath.................Miscophoides, Brauns. 2. Front wings with two recurrent nervures.©. 5.0 <).[s. 20 bile teens, 4 Front wings with only one recurrent nervure. Mathetwie cubitalcelllls stile i Ae. 8s 27s SSR Role wes oeMaag With only one cubital cell ; submedian cell in both wings much shorter than the median. Marginal cell large, longer than the first cubital cell, sub- truncate at apex, with a slight appendage ; mandibles acute, mor excised, beneath... . iseophinus, Ashm: [—Hypomiscophus, CkIl. ] 4. Marginal cell without an appendage at apex; second cubital cell receiving the second recurrent nervure towards apex; cubitus in hind wings originating far beyond the transverse median nervure ; eyes convergent above ...............-......Miscophus, Jurine. Supramity IV.—Pisonine. In this group the front wings have two or three cubital cells, the second always triangular and most frequenly petiolate ; the eyes are often emarginate within ; the ocelli distinct ; while the pygidium in the females always has a distinct pygidial area, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 247 The group is very closely allied to the M/¢scophine, the only reliable character to distinguish it being the distinct pygidial area, although, as a rule, the tibial spurs and the pronotum are shorter than in the latter group. Thirteen genera have been recognized, distinguished as follows : Table of Genera. Marginal cell at apex truncate or rounded, with an appendagé........3. Marginal cell lanceolate, not truncate at apex, or at most narrowly rounded, without an appendage. Front wings) with three ctlbital cells... .2 Ratner. 2 Front wings with two cubital cells, each receiving a recurrent nervure, Transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal HERVE NHR oO. 2 eee arena: Karby: Transverse median nervure of interstital joining the median vein before the origin of the basal nervure........Parapison, Smith. Transverse median vof¢ interstitial joining the median vein before the origin of the basal nervure. Second cubital cell larger, more briefly petiolate, receiving both recurrent nervures, or the first recurrent nervure is inter- stitial with the frst transverse cubitus; mandibles excised beneath; eyes only slightly emarginate within. .. Pisonopsis, Fox. Second cubital cell small, longly petiolate, receiving one or both recurrent nervures, or the second is interstitial with the second transverse cubitus : mandibles mot excised beneath. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures, or the second recurrent is interstitial with the second transverse eubitds 240 0): 1) 2 eee . Pison, Spinola. Second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent nervure —the second, the first recurrent nervure received by the first cubital cell a little defore the first transverse enter, 90.2%, i4') 2... See eae Pisgmitus, Shuckard. Transverse median nervure interstitial, the second cubital cell triangu- lar, receiving the second recurrent nervure near its apex, the first recurrent nervure interstitial with the first transverse cubitus ; cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median nervure ; hind femora much thickened towards apex, especially in the 9, roughened and serrated on outer face,....,.. Bothynostethus, Kohl, 248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3. Second cubital cell receiving only one recurrent nervure ......... 4. Second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures, or the first is interstitial with the first transverse cubitus. Submedian cell shorter than the median; cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median nervure ; eyes within nearly parallel ; mandibles excised beneath. .Sphodrotes, Kohl. Submedian and median cells equal or nearly, the transverse median nervure being interstitial or nearly, with the basal nervure ; cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median nervure; eyes convergent above ; mandibles excised or sinuate beneath. Hind tibiz smooth, not serrate....., ..Niteliopsis, Saunders. Hind tibize strongly serrate and also spinose ; mandibles with a deep emargination beneath ; clypeus transverse, truncate and with a transverse impression along the anterior margin ; yee coxe normal, without a spine or tubercle. Abs Pseudohelioryctes, Aches n. (Type P. Foxii, weeny Submedian cell a little longer than the median ; cubitus in hind wings originating defore the transverse median nervure ; eyes more or less divergent above ; mandibles beneath with a deep incision before the middle................Scapheutes, Handl. 4. Second cubital cell receiving the second recurrent nervure at the extreme apex, Sis almost interstitial with the second transverse cubitus. peda eS eer rs ey en Ce Second capital all receiving the bene recurrent nervure at or near the middle. Transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal nervure or nearly ; first recurrent nervure ¢vterstitia/ with the first trans- VEESERCUDILUS . ...... 13. cin pautie oaks on oon OMGne lan Spine ra: Transverse median nervure of interstitial, joining the median vein a little deyond the origin of the basal nervure; first recurrent nervure zof interstitial with the first transverse CUBIEUStee ati cis. + + «5: . cine ieee oa een ee ROM ELGIy eee ialer I Pseudohelioryctes ? Foxii, n. sp. = Helioryctes melanopygus, Fox nec Smith, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc., Phil., 1896, Pp. 554. Female.—Length, 14 mm. Head, thorax, antenne, and all coxz and trochanters, black ; rest of legs and the abdomen, except the pygidium above (which is dusky), ferruginous ; wings fuscous black, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 249 5. Submedian cell somewhat shorter than the median ; cubitus in hind wings originating fav beyond the transverse median nervure ; anterior tarsi in 2 with a comb; tibie spinous; eyes large, convergent PIDOVE te Cb uet cia en cess. s+ 5. 2 ++ Se Cs Len OCIINIG ER NOX, North American Species. Subfamily I.—Larrine. (11) A. vegeta, Fox. (1) PaLaRus, Latreille. (12) cea Ganeseens,’ Smith; | 2 (2) Homocamsrus, Kohl. (Larra). (3) Parapracetta, Kohl. (13)s2 Aey areuata,.. Smith, ¢ (4) PraGeTiA, Ritsema. (Larra), (5) LARREXENA, Smith. (14) ? A. vinulenta, Cr. (6) PARALIRIS, Kohl. (10) Larra, Fabr. (7) Lrris, Fabr. (1) L. analis, Fabr. (8) Noroconta, Costa. ( (1) N. argentata, Beauv., 2 ¢. ( (2) N. nigripennis, Fox, ?. (4) L. rubritarsis, Cam., ¢. ( ( (3) N. aequalis, Fox. 5 (4) N. violaceipennis, Cam., 2. 6) ? L. rufipes, Prov. (5) N. montezuma, Cam., 9. (7) L. interpennis, Cr., 9 ¢. (6) N. Championi, Cam., @. (8) L. rufipennis, Fabr., ? 3. (7) N. truncata, Cam. (11) Mores, Kohl. (8) N. argentifrons, Cam. (1) M. fulviventris, Guer. (9) N. beata, Cam., ¢. (2) M. splendens, Ashm. (10) N. chrysura, Cam., 7. (12) PRosopiGastRa, Costa. (11) N. argenticauda, Cam., ¢. (13) TacHyTeEs, Panzer. (12) N. apicipennis, Cam., ¢. (c) Te validus, Cr: (13) N. panamensis, Cam., ¢. (2) T. mandibularis, Patt., 9. (9) ANCISTROMMA, Fox. (3) To Warpax,'Patts).% . (1) A. aurantia, Fox. (4) T. calcaratus, Fox, ¢. (2) A. copax, Fox, (5) T. exornatus, Fox, ?. (3) A. distincta, Smith. (6) T. breviventris, Cr., ?. (4) A. dolosa, Fox. (7) T. praedator, Fox. (5) A. tenuicornis, Smith, (8) TI. columbie, Fox. (6) A. discreta, Fox. (9) T. crassus, Patt. (7) A. conferta, Fox. (10) T. pepticus, Say. (8) A. divisa, Patt. (11) T. fulviventris, Cr. (g) A. consimilis, Fox. (12) T. spatulatus, Fox, (10) A. rugosa, Fox, ex 250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. (13) T. (14) T. (15) T. (16) T. (17) T. (18) Es (19) T. (20).a. (21) T. (22), i, (22) a0. (24) T. (25) T. (26) T. (27) c1- (28) T. (29) T. (30) T. aurulentus, Fabr. contractus, Fox. distinctus, Smith. elongatus, Cr. sericatus, Cr. rufofasciatus, Cr. abdominalis, Say, ?. obscurus, Cr., 9. =texanus, Cr, ¢. parvus, Fox. abductus, Fox, mergus, Fox. dives, Lepel. yucatensis, Cam., 9. gautemalensis, Cam., 9. andreniformis, Cam. argentipes, Cam. ornatipes, Cam. ferrugineipes, Cam., ¢. (14) TACHYSPHEX, Kohl. (apy (2) (3) T. (4) T. (5) T. (6) T. (7) T. (5) (9) T. (10) T. Cor) (2) T. (13) T. (14) T. (15) T. (16) T. (17) T. (8) 7, Ashmeadi, Fox, °. Belfragii, Cr., ¢. spinosus, Fox, ?. posterus, Fox, °?. tarsatus, Say, 2? ¢. texanus, Cr., 2? g. pissatus, Fox, ¢. dubius, Fox, ¢. semirufus, G., 2. asperatus, Fox, ?. antennatus, Fox, ¢. parvulus, Cr., ¢. fuscipennis, Fox, ?. fusus, Fox, 2 ¢. terminatus, Smith, ? ¢. apicalis, Fox, 2 f. acutus, Patt. amplus, Fox, ? ¢. ( ( ( ( ( ( ( LQ)! 2. 20) T. 0) 5 be 22) re) uel bs montanus, Cr. decorus, Fox, ?. inusitatus, Fox, ¢. excatus, Hox, 09: consimilis, Fox, 2 ¢. a4) 9 Quebeécensis, Prov., 2 ¢. 25) T. compactus, Fox, ¢. . triquitrus, Fox, ?. =, LELMIOPS, “Cla ye - MISTIOF; Fox; 2 ¢. . pauxillus, Fox, 9 2. . punctifrons, Fox, ? ¢. . mundus, Fox, ?. *. minimus, Fox. . psilocerus, Kohl. 3 . rufomaculatus, Cam., ?. 35) 2 T. laevifrons, Smith (Larra). (36) ? T. pennsylvanicus, Beauv. (Larra). Subfamily I1.—Zyrodine. (15) HeELiocausus, Kohl. (16) ZoyPpuium, Kohl. (17) SERICOPHORUS, Smith. (18) Lyropa, Say. (1) L. triloba, Say. (2) L. subita, Say. (19) LAPHyRAGOGuUS, Kohl (20) LEIANTHRENA, Bingham. (21) GasrRosERIcus, Spinola. Subfamily II].—WVite/ine. (22) MIScOPHOIDES, Brauns, © (23) NiTexa, Latreille. (24) NITELOPTERUS, Ashmead. (1) N. slossonz, Ashm. (25) SALIOSTETHUS, Brauns. (26) MiscopHinus, Ashmead. = Hypomiscophus, CkIl. (1) M, laticeps, Ashm. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PAD (2) M. californicus, Ashm, (34) SPHODROTES, Kohi. (3) M. texanus, Ashm. (35) Nireiopsis, Saunders. (4) M. arenarum, CkIl. (1) N. inermis, Cr. (27) Miscopuus, Jurine. (2) N. plenoculoides, Fox. (1) M. americanus, Fox, ¢ 6. (3) N. striatipes, Ashm., 9. Subfamily IV. — Prsonine. (36) PSEUDOHELIORYCTES, Ashmead. (28) TaranGa, Kirby. (37) SCAPHEUTES, Handlirsch, (29) Parapison, Smith, (38) SOLIERELLA, Spinola, (30) Pisonopsis, Smith. (39) SyLaon, Picciola. (1) P. clypeata, Fox, 9 ¢. ( (2) P. triangularis, Ashm., ?. (1) P. Davisii, Fox. (31) Prison, Spinola. (2) P. propinquus, Fox. (1) P. laevis, Smith. (3) P. punctatus, Ashm, (2) P. conformis, Smith. (4) P. Cockerellii, Ashm. (3) P. fasciatum, Kohl. (5) P. abdominalis, Ashm, (32) Pisonitus, Shuckard. (6) P. niger, Ashm. (33) Bornynostetuus, Kohl. (7) P. Peckhami, Ashm, (1) B. distinetus, Fox, ? ¢. (8) P. albipes, Ashm. (2) B. Saussurei, Kohl. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF MASSACHU- SETTS COCCIDA.—IV. BY GEO. B. KING, LAWRENCE, MASS. Diaspine (concluded ). (71) Chionaspis furfurus, Fitch ; 1856-1869. N. A very common species in Massachusetts, recorded from Amherst, Worcester, Andover, Lawrence, and Methuen, on wild red cherry, pear, wild and cultivated apple, flowering quince, choke-berry, shad-bush, and black alder. It is known from Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Indiana, West Virginia, North Carolina, Ohio, New York, Kentucky, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Georgia, Utah, Kansas, New Jersey, and Washington, D. C., on choke-cherry, wild red cherry, wild and cultivated apple, crab apple, pear, peach, Japan quince, cherry currant, red flower- ing currant, and European mountain ash. (72) Chionaspis furfurus, var. fulva, King ; 1899-18098. N. Found at Lawrence, Mass., on buckthorn, Rhamnus catharticys, 1, (73) Chionaspis spartine, Comst.; 1883. N. 252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. er —— = a On salt marsh grass, at Woods Holl, Mass. Coll. Prof. Trelease. (74) Chionaspis Lintneri, Comst.; 1883-1898. I. An abundant species at Stoneham, Ballardvale, Andover, North Andover, and Methuen, Mass., on Alnus, Benzoin odoriferum, Corylus americana and Amelanchier canadensis. Described from New York. (75) Chionaspis pinifolie, Fitch ; 1855-1895. N. Mr. R. A. Cooley (in litt.) informs me that he has found this species common at Reading and Amherst, Mass., and has known it to occur in this State for at least four years. How much longer, it is impossible to tell, as there is no references to its occurrence in literature. I did not find it until May zoth of this year, at Methuen, Mass., on our native hard pine, Pinus rigida. It has been recorded from Maine, New York, Ohio, Colorado, New Mexico, Michigan, Missouri, and Illinois. (76) Lschnaspis longirostris, Sign.; 1882-1898. I. Collected by Mr. J. W. Folsom at the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge,- Mass., 1898 (CkIl. in litt.). (77) Fiorinia fiorinie, Targ.; 1867-1898. I. Collected by Mr. J. W. Folsom at the Botanic Gardens, Cambridge, Mass., 1898 (Ckll. in litt.). It is recorded from Washington, D.C., Mary- land, Colorado, and California, on Camellia, Japan quince, 4vadza and Ficus elastica. Lecaniine, subsoined. (78) Lecanium Canadense, Ckll.; 1895-1898. N. On white oak at Lawrence, Mass. Prof.S. J. Hunter records it from Kansas on U/mus americana. It was originally described from Canada as Lecanium carya, var. Canadense,Ckll. It is also recorded from Maine on Ul/mus. (79) Lecanium Cockerelli, Hunter ; 1899-1897. N. Described by Prof. Hunter from Kansas on U/mus americana and Juglans nigra. This is the most common and conspicuous Lecanium found in Massachusetts, and is found on Quercus alba, Q. rubra, Q. ilicifolia, and sweet fern, Comptonia asplenifolia, at Lawrence, Methuen, Dracot, and Andover. Five species have been added to our list since the publication of the first article. ‘The above last two are added to complete the list up to date, and include all the described Massachusetts Coccidz known to me, but by no means all that really exist, as I have many others not yet studied, and expect to find many more new to our fauna, bo OL OO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISY. NOTES. (1) Reviewing the preceding literature on the Coccide of Massa- chusetts, we find 79 species and varieties to inhabit the State, leading all others by 7. New Mexico* comes next with 73. California at least 65, and Colorado 37 species. (2) Massachusetts has 44 native and 35 introduced species, with one whose home is as yet unknown, but no doubt is introduced, which would make 36. Greenhouses produce 16, all of which are introduced species, To ant-nest coccids, with 5 attended by ants, 3 of these sometimes found in nests of ants, and 6 species have been found on fruit exposed for sale. (3) The locality in which the writer has been collecting Coccide is about six miles each way, the City of Lawrence being in the centre ; in this small district he has found (11) e/even species that had been previously recorded from Massachusetts, 39 new to the fauna of the State, 15 new species and 7 new varieties and one genus new to the United States. (4) The first ant-nest coccid known to occur in the United States was found by Prof. Cockerell in Colorado in 1891. Previous to this there had been only one other species known to inhabit ant-nests—a very peculiar pearl-like creature found in the West Indies. We have now 24 species of coccids normally inhabitants of ant-nests; 15 of these are found in the United States, to of which have been found by the writer in Massachusetts. England has 4, New Zealand, Trinidad, Ceylon, France, and the West Indies, 1 each. (5) I am very much indebted to Prof. Cockerell for his valuable assistance in the study of our Massachusetts Coccide, and in no instance have I passed upon the identity of a single species. All have been studied and determined by him. Furthermore, he has had the kindness to look over allmy MS. and made such changes as he, in his good judgment, saw fit, and no less than 41 letters have been written by him to me in con- nection with the Coccidz of Massachusetts. It should be said, also, that Dr. L. O. Howard has taken much interest in all the parasites sent him, reared by me from coccids. And also Prof. J. D. Tinsley, who has described jointly with me some of my new species of Dactylopiids. I wish to publicly thank them and acknowledge their many kindnesses. *(6) Since the above was written, Prof. Cockerell and Mr. Parrott have described five new species and varieties from New Mexico, A CHECK-LIST OF THE Icerya, Sign. I. Purchasi, Mask., 1878. Eriococcus, arg. E. azalez, Comst, 1881. E. quercus, Comst., 188r. Gossyparia, Sign. G. ulmi, Geoff., 1764. Ripersia, Sign. R. lasii, Ckll, 1896. R. Kingii, Ckll., 1896. R. flaveola, Ckll., 1896. R. Blanchardi, King and CklIl., 1897. R. minima, Tinsley and King, 1899. Dactylopius, Costa. . citri, Risso. 1813. . adonidum, L., 1769. . sorghiellus, Forbes, 1885. . sorghiellus, var. Kingii,Ckll., 1897. D. claviger, King and Tinsley, 1897. D. Cockerelli, King and Tinsley, 1898. D. pseudonipe, Ckll., 1897. Phenacoccus, Ckll. P, aceris, Sign., 1875. P. americane, King and CkIl., 1897. Spheroccius, Mask. S. sylvestris, Ckll. and King, 1898. Asterolecanium, Varg. A. quercicola, Bouche, 1851. Orthezta, Bosc. QO. insignis, Dougl., 1887. J 9 lem fp) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, - MASSACHUSETTS COCCID. Kermes, Auctt. K. galliformis, Riley, 188r. K. pubescens, Bogue, 1898. K. nivalis, King and Ckll., 1898. K. King, Ckll., 1898. Lecanopsis, Targ. L. lineolate, King and CkIl, 1897. Lecanium, lllig. L. hesperidum, L, 1758. L. hemisphericum, Targ. (=coffee, Auctt., not of Walker. ) L. quercifex, Fitch, 1856. L. quercifex, Fitch, var., 1898. I. filicum, Boisd., 1868. L. corylifex, Fitch, 1856. L. cynosbati, Fitch, 1856. L. tessellatum, Sign., 1873. L. Kingii, Ckll., 1898. L. tarsale, Sign., 1873, var. L. Fletcheri,>Ckll., 1893. L. nigrofasciatum, Perg., 1898. L. pallidior, Ckll. and King, 1899. L. cary, Fitch, 1856. L. canadense, Ckll., 1895. L. (saissetia) anthurii, Boisd., 1868, var. L. Cockerelli, Hunter, 1899. Pulvinaria, Targ. P. innumerabilis, Rathv., 1854. P. innumerabilis, var. _ till, King and CkIl. P. Maclurz, Kennicott in Fitch, 1855. Lichtensia, Sign. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 255 L. viburni, Sign., 1873, var. Parlatoria, Sign. A spidiotus, Bouche. P, proteus, Curt., var. Pergandii, Ape dere, Valls, 1320. Comst., 1881. A. aurantil, Mask., 1878. P. zizyphus, Lucas, 1853. A. perniciosus, Comst., 1881. P. (prob. proteus) var. crotonis, A. ancylus, Putn., 1877. Ckll., 1895. A. ficus, Ashm., 1888. Mytilaspis, Sign. A. cyanophylli, Sign., 18609. M. pomorum, Bouche, 1851. A. articulatus, Morg., 1889. M. citricola, Pack, 1870. A. Forbesi, Johnson, 1896. M. Gloverii, Pack, 1869. A. Fernaldi, Ckll., 1898. Pinnaspis, Ck. A. smilacis, Comst., 1883. P. pandani, Comst., 188r. A. sp. prob. young of A. dicty- Chionaspis, Sign. ospermi, Morg., 1889. C. furfurus, Fitch, 1856, A. Crawii, Ckll., 1897. C. furfurus, var. fulva, King, Diaspis, Costa. 1899. D. carneli, Targ., 1868. C. pinifoliz, Fitch, 1855. D. amygdali, Tryon, 1889. C. spartine, Comst., 1883. Aulacaspis, Ckll. C. Lintneri, Comst., 1883. A. rose, Bouche, 1833. Ischnaspis, Doug]. A. bromeliz, Kerner, 1788. I. longirostris, Sign., 1882. A. Boisduvalii, Sign., 1869. Frorinia, Targ. A. elegans, Leon. F. fioriniz, Targ., 1867. NOTES ON SOME HYMENOPTERA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. Vespa diabolica, Sauss., mut. Ferna/di (Lewis).—Prof. C. H. T. Townsend collected last year some specimens of V. diabolica and V. occidentalis on the Rio Ruidoso, N. M. Among the former I find an example which exactly agrees with the description of V. Ferna/di, Lewis, but it is evidently only a form of diabolica. Bembidula mesillensis, Ck\l.—This was described as a variety of L. capnoptera, but the discovery of the female shows it to be a distinct species. The P differs from the ¢ by having the thoracic markings cream-colour instead of deep yellow ; the clypeus entirely creamy-yellow, it and the narrow lateral marks densely covered with silvery pubescence ; the marks on scutellum round instead of pear-shaped ; the anterior tarsi with a well-formed blackish comb. The last dorsal segment is strongly 256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. punctured, with a smooth median line, and has a yellowish spot on each side. The lateral ridges are only indicated posteriorly, and that feebly. Legs asin the ¢, except for the tarsal comb. This P was taken by Prof. Townsend at La Cueva, Organ Mts., N. M., 5,300 ft., Sept. 3, 1898, at flowers of Lippia Wrightit. Sphecodes perlustrans, Ckll_—This was described from a single speci- men; a second was taken at Mesilla Park, N. M., March goth, 1899, by Mr. S. MacGregor. A new examination shows the mandibles to be notched, not simple as described. Perdita grandiceps, Ckll.—Described from a single ¢. Prof. Townsend took 3¢ 1 (¢ 2 incop.) at flowers of Fal/ugia paradoxa, var. acuminata, Wooton, La Cueva, Organ Mts., N. M., Sept. 3rd, 1898. The @ runs to 21 in my ferdita table in Bull. Lab. Denison Univ., 1898, and to 23 inthe table in Proc. Phila. Acad., 1896. It differs from /. phymate by its colourless nervures ; from P. verdesine, var. nigrior, by being only 5 mm. long; from P. s¢de by having the flagellum pale ochreous (instead of orange) beneath, the upper edge of the clypeus not at all whitish, the mesothorax more bare, with considerably shorter hairs, and the marginal cell broader in proportion to its length. From the ¢ grandiceps it differs by having the head of ordinary shape and size, the cheeks unarmed, and the face wholly without light markings. The tip of the abdomen is brownish-orange. Melissodes grindelie, Ck\l.—To the localities for this species must be added Los Vegas, N. M., where I took a ¢ in July. BEES AND FLOWERS. Prunus (garden plum).—At Santa Fé, N. M., in the spring of 1898, Miss Myrtle Boyle collected from the flowers Andrena prunorum, Ckll. (24, the ¢ a var. with antennz wholiy black), Hadictus sisymbrit, Ckll. (2},and Osmia lignari, Say (3 ). Ungnadia speciosa (det. E. O. Wooton).—At Dripping Spring, Organ Mts., N. M., April 23rd and 24th, I found this beautiful shrub in full bloom. On April 23rd the following bees were visiting it: Osmia lignaria, Say (4 £, abundant) ; Xy/ocopa arizonensis, Cr. (abundant) ; Agapostemon texanus, Cr. (1 2) ; Augochlora neglectula, Ckll. (abundant) ; Halictus amicus, Ckil. (2, abundant); Bombus Morrisoni, Cr. (a few) ; and Anthophora lesquerelie, Ckll. (3, rare). Dithyrea wislizeni.—On the campus of the N. M. Agricultural College, Mesilla Park, May 7th, 1898, the following bees were at the flowers: Anthidium larree, Ckll. (one); Meolarra pruinosa, Ashm. (many); Perdita callicerata, Ckll. (2); P. exclamans, Ckll. (3), and P. punctosignata, Ckll.(£). The species of Perdita had appeared before their proper flowers (Lai/eya and mesquite) were out, so they resorted to the Dithyrea. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257 SOME NEW SPECIES OF HADENA. BY JOHN B. SMITH, RUTGERS COLLEGE, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. Hadena (Xylophasia) runata, n. sp. Ground colour smoky brown or blackish, varying in shade even to a reddish admixture. Head usually a little reddish, with a black band cressing the front. Collar usually paler at the base, crossed by a black line about the middle ; usually tipped with paler scales. Thorax with a distinct divided crest, which often contains an admixture of lighter vestiture, patagiz with paler tips, a. blackish submargin, and a disk as dark as the general ground colour. Primaries powdery, mottled, with all the markings well defined ; no contrasts, save that the median space is usually darker than the rest of the wing. Basal line geminate, black, including a few whitish scales, and reaching to a narrow, short basal line which ends at the point of junction with the transverse marking. T. a. line black, geminate, the outer defining line well marked, the inner vague, except at the internal margin, where an oblique black shade extends inward along the margin. ‘The line is well removed from the base, outcurved as a whole and in the interspaces. T. p. line geminate, blackish, the inner portion lunulate and best marked, the outer more even, less defined, marked with blackish dots on the veins. Asa whole, it is outwardly bent on the costa, and then runs very evenly and almost parallel with the outer margin. A vague median shade is visible on the costa and between the ordinary spots, but becomes lost below that point. S. t. line white or very pale brown, only a little irregular, except where it forms a distinct, though small, W on veins 3 and 4. Two or three Sagittate black spots precede the line at the W, and a dusky shade may extend the full length, sometimes adding other spots, or again losing all of them. Terminal space darker, except at apex. A series of black terminal lunules. Fringes cut with pale and a similar line at base, giving a festooned appearance. Claviform short, broad, more or less black filled, a black or blackish shade extending to the t. p. line and broadening outwardly. Orbicular oval, oblique, with a black ring inwardly edged by pale scales, of the palest ground colour. Reniform large, kidney-shaped, upright, incomplete above and below, outlined in black outside of a paler line, the centre of the ground colour. As the median space is darker than the rest of the wing, these spots are relieved and somewhat contrasting. Secondaries smoky gray, paler at base, fringes yellow at base; there is a dusky discal lunule and a blackish 258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. terminal line. Beneath powdery dull gray, primaries with a vague discal blotch, secondaries with a lunule and an exterior line. Expands 1.25—1.60 inches = 30 to 40 mm. fTabitat: \Vinnipeg, Manitoba, June and July (Hanham); Pull- man, Washington (Piper). A good series of specimens shows little variation save in the shade of the ground colour. In genital structure the insect resembles desperata; but in general appearance it is much more like iwdirecta, mactata or divesta. Hadena (Xylophasia) Barnesit, n. sp. In general appearance resembling azranticolor, and heretofore con- fused with that species. It is smaller, however, in average expanse, much paler and less red in ground colour, and altogether a more sordid, less brilliant species. The violet shading in the s. t. space of the old species is replaced by gray or whitish in the new form, and the secondaries are of a dull, even smoky gray, without a trace of yellow or red in the ground or whitish at the base. All the markings are present on the primaries, less strigate and better defined than in auranticolor ; but without preceding dashes to the W, or interspaceal streaks in the terminal space. Expands 1.50-1.68 inches = 37~42 mm. Habitat: South Dakota (Truman); Glenwood Springs, Colorado, in September; Yellowstone Park, Wyoming (Dr. Barnes). A series of seven specimens has been compared with a similar number of aurazticolor before the species was decided to be distinct. - There is no difficulty in separating the two forms, but it is not so easy to localize the differences. The much duller primaries and the very evenly dark secondaries are the most obvious features. The sexual parts of the male are disproportionately small, but of the same general type as in auranticolor. Hadena (Xylophasia) dionea, n. sp. Ground colour an even, obscure fuscous gray without contrasts. Head with a dusky frontal line, collar with a blackish central line, patagiz with a black submargin. Abdomen mouse gray. Primaries with all the maculation present, but obscure. A short black basal streak. Basal line geminate, smoky, marked on the costa only. T. a. line geminate, smoky, incomplete, outwardly curved, and with small out- curves in the interspaces, marked by an oblique black streak on the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259 eee inner margin. T. p. line geminate, very even, well out-curved over the cell, but only a little indrawn below ; inner portion blackish, narrow, interrupted ; the outer punctiform and sometimes obsolete. S. t. line paler, broken, very vague, with a W reaching the outer margin, preceded by a series of blackish spots or shadings, which may be in part or alto- gether obsolete. A series of smoky terminal lunules. Ordinary spots concolorous. Claviform well defined by a narrow black line, extending across the median space to the t. p. line, or connected with it by a black shade. Orbicular moderate or large, varying somewhat in form, with a smoky, often incomplete, outline. Reniform large, upright, well defined at the sides only. Secondaries evenly mouse gray, the fringes paler. Beneath smoky, powdery, with a common outer line and discal spots on all wings. Expands 1.40-1.60 inches = 35~40 mm. Habitat: Volga, South Dakota (Truman). This is. the species which I called ¢donea, Grt., in my revision of the species of Xylophasia, Proc. U.S. N. M., XIII, 438, 1890, and credited from Mr. Grote’s original description to Texas, Arizona, and Wisconsin. Tne species resembles carzosa in general type of maculation, but is entirely even in ground colour, and, as I pointed out, unquestionably good. I found when studying the genus originally that there were three allied forms generally mixed under carvzosa. I separated the most intensely marked species, resembling verbascoides as much as it did cariosa, under the name aigriovr; from specimens named by Mr. Grote I identified the form here described as zdovea. Later I had an opportunity of comparing the Guenée and Grote types directly in the British Museum, and found, to my surprise, that both names were applied to one species. Comparing the two original descriptions, it will be seen that Guenée had a specimen distinctly shaded with reddish, while Mr. Grote had one in which this was replaced by a dirty luteous gray. The present name is based on four males in rather bad shape, received from Mr. P. C. Truman; but I have seen others sufficient to indicate that there is very little variation. fladena (Luperina) virguncula, n. sp. Ground colour dull reddish gray. Thoracic vestiture interspersed with gray hairs, giving it a hoary appearance ; no markings. Primaries without contrasts, median space a little darker above the middle, terminal space evenly dusky, s. t. space dusky on the costa, Basal line 260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. indicated by a few black scales. T. a. line geminate unusually far from base, outer defining line blackish, inner scarcely traceable, except for the somewhat paler included shade, outwardly oblique, irregularly out- curved in the interspace, and reaching the inner margin at about its middle. T. p. line geminate, not muck out-curved over the cell, and only a little in-curved below ; inner defining line blackish and partly lunulate, outer even smoky, broken and almost lost below vein 3. S. t. line very even, of the ground colour, defined by the darker terminal space and a dusky preceding shade. A series of black, small, terminal lunules. Orbicular _barely indicated by a few blackish scales. Reniform large, upright, sub- quadrate, as a whole paler than the ground colour, so as to be relieved and somewhat prominent. Secondaries smoky, fringes whitish. Beneath smoky with pale powderings, a common outer line, and on secondaries with a discal spot. Vestiture of the legs and breast with a reddish tinge. Expands 1.60 inches= 40 mm. ffabitat: Garfield Co., Colorado, 6,000 feet (Bruce). A single female which has been awaiting a mate some ten years or more. The species has the wing-form and general habitus of passer, Gn., but it is unlike any of the forms of that variable species. It has scarcely a trace of a claviform, and the complete neatly defined s. t. line, and very oblique irregular t. a. line, will serve as further distinctive features. Hadena allecto, n. sp. In maculation almost like mactata, all the observed differences being well within the range of variation; but without a trace of the reddish or brown shadings of the old species ; all is black and gray. The median space is the darkest part of the wing, the ordinary spots being very large and of the paler ground, save for a central filling in the orbicular. Expands 1.40 inches = 35 mm. Habitat; Calgary, Sept. 17 (Dod) ; Brandon, Manitoba (Hanham); Volga, So. Dakcta (Truman). Six specimens, representing both sexes, are before me, and do not vary asingle mm. in expanse. I considered them for a long time asa local race of mactata, and so named them for my correspondents who have other specimens of this species. In actual ornamentation there is no appreciable difference, but the difference in colour is constant, and the genitalia of the male confirm the distinctness of the more western form, though the general type is the same, ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 Hadena catalina, n. sp. Ground colour a pale reddish luteous, more or less powdered with leaden gray, which, on the primaries, may darken all save the median space, and strongly mark even this. Basal line geminate, leaden gray, reaching into the submedian interspace. T. a. line blackish, geminate, outwardly oblique and slightly out-curved in the interspaces. T. p. line blackish, geminate, inner portion narrow, crenulate, outer punctiform, the black being followed by white dots; as a whole slightly and evenly bisinuate. S. t. line pale, irregularly sinuate. A row of small blackish terminal lunules. Fringes dusky, with a pale line at base, and cut with pale. A vague leaden gray median shade is marked on the costa between the ordinary spots, is lost in the reniform, but sometimes reappears below, running close to and parallel with the t. p. line to the inner margin. Claviform small, outlined by gray scales; evident in all specimens. Orbicular moderate, rather irregular, outlined in blackish and with a leaden gray centre. Reniform large, oblique, a little constricted centrally, black ringed and filled with blackish, forming the most prominent feature of the ornamentation. Secondaries with a smoky shade which darkens out- wardly; a dusky discal lunule, and a narrow median line ; fringes yellow, with a smoky interline. Beneath paler, powdery ; the wings darker out- wardly, both pairs with discal spots and outer dusky lines. Head and thorax immaculate, or the collar may have a leaden gray central line and the patagiz a blackish submargin. Expands 1.12-1.28 inches = 28-32 mm. Habitat : Catalina Springs, Arizona, April 8-12. Five specimens from the U.S. National Museum, collected by Mr. E. A. Schwarz. In wing-form the species resemble mactata, and the secondaries are distinctly excised below the apex. The ground colour and the contrasting dark reniform give a resemblance to certain forms of Mamestra allied to trifolii, and there is nothing in Hadena with which this species is likely to be confused. The male genitalia are simple ; the harpe is enlarged at tip, oblique, inwardly fringed with spinules ; the clasper is stout, moderate in length, not much curved, and blunt at tip. Of the locality above given (not to be found on any map), Mr. Schwarz says it is ‘‘a small spring at the foot of the Sta. Catalina Moun- tains, 15 or 16 miles north-west of Tucson, and about 2,900 feet above sea level; situated within the giant Cactus forest, directly above the region of Larrea mexicana.” 262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. © Hadena pausis, n. sp. Ground colour powdery fuscous gray or brown. Head a little paler, with a darker frontal line. Collar with a broken dusky central shading, patagize with a blackish submargin. Primaries with all the usual mark- ings present, but broken and not contrasting. A curved black streak in the submedian interspace, from the base to the t. a. line, is the most prominent feature of the wing. Basal line geminate, broken, brown, reaching to the black streak, and within this is the palest part of the wing. T. a. line geminate, blackish, broken, a little out-curved in the inter- spaces, and moderately out-curved as a whole. T. p. line geminate, blackish, very even ; outwardly oblique from costa to vein 6, then forming between 5 and 6 an almost right angle, and nearly evenly oblique from that point to the inner margin. S. t. line pale, very irregular and obscure; broken and scarcely traceable in some specimens. A crenulated, black terminal line. Fringes interlined with blackish. Little dusky rays are sent into the terminal space on the interspaces. A blackish or black quadrate spot connects s. t. and t. p. line in the submedian interspace, and a similar connection may be made by a narrow black line opposite the cell. Claviform large, extending more than half way across the wide median space ; outlined in blackish, else concolorous. Orbicular irregu- lar, moderate in size, outlined in blackish, brown centred. Reniform narrowed above, dilated below, and constricted. in the centre ; oblique, outlined in black and with a blackish central shade. A vague median shade is traceable on the costa only. Secondaries smoky, paler at base, with a vague discal lunule. Beneath dark gray, powdery, with a common outer line and a discal lunule on all wings ; but all this may be wanting, and the wings be evenly powdered. Expands 1.2c-1.40 inches = 30-35 mm. ffabitat: Los Angeles County, California, in June (Coquillett); San Francisco, Cal. This species belongs to the dcnzotata series, and agrees with it in wing-form. ‘The primaries have the outer margin a little toothed ; the secondaries are excised below the apex. In the eight specimens before me there is little variation, the only obvious features being the black basal streak and, to a less extent, the black patch in the s. m. interspace con- necting the t. p. and s. t. lines. The genitalia of the male are somewhat complex. ‘There is an oblique triangular patch at the tip of the harpes densely set with spinules, “THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 and there are two claspers, both of them stout, curved and obtusely ter- minated. Hadena ethnica, 0. sp. Ground colour an even, dark, smoky brown. Head and thorax immaculate. Primaries with all the usual markings present, but so slightly relieved that at first sight they seem altogether wanting. Ordinary lines geminate, marked on the costa by pale spots which form the only visible contrasts. ‘T. a. line nearly upright, feebly out-curved in the interspaces. TT. p. line punctiform, the points being followed by minute white dots, very evenly bisinuate. S. t. line irregular, marked by scattered white scales, and by a very slight difference between s. t. and terminal space. A series of evident terminal lunules. Claviform very short and broad. Orbicular rather large, round, darker filled. Reniform large, upright, a little constricted centrally, with a somewhat darker filling. Secondaries smoky brown, with a coppery tinge and a dusky terminal line. Fringes yellow at base, and tipped with whitish. Beneath smoky brown, powdery, secondaries with a darker discal spot. Expands 1.80 inches = 45 mm. Habitat: Yosemite, California ; emerged July 23rd, 1891, from a larva on Manzanita. ; This is an overgrown species of the dznzofata series. ‘The fringes on both wings are unusually long, on the primaries just a little scalloped, on the secondaries distinctly excised below the apex. The size and incon- spicuous markings should separate it without difficulty from its allies. The male genitalia are very simple; the harpes subparallel, tip oblique and fringed with spinules, clasper moderate in length, slender, curved and acute at tip. fladena laetabilis, n. sp. Head and thorax dull brown, immaculate, save that the tips of collar, edge of patagiz and dorsal tuftings are sprinkled with bluish. Abdomen pale mouse gray, with a brown tuft on the basal segment. Primaries, median space smoky brown, basal and s. t. spaces a light sapphire blue, appearing almost transparent in fresh specimens, markings brown. Basal line brown, marked on the costa only, this region being more or less brown powdered to the t. a. line. There is also a brown powdering at the inner margin in some specimens. T. a. line marked by the difference in colour between basal and median space, nearly upright to the submedian vein, then with a long out-curve to the inner 264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. margin. ‘T. p. line single, black, lunulate, outwardly curved on the costa and over cell, slightly in-curved below. S. t. line visible as a slender blue thread through the brown costal region, then lost in the blue of the s. t. space, this tinge extending to a series of submarginal blackish lunules, and beyond them to the slender dark terminal crescents. Fringes brown, with narrow yellowish interlines, and cut with whitish. Claviform small, black margined, concolorous, a blackish shading extending toward the t. p. line. A slender brown median shade line is marked on the costa, and is again traceable below the reniform, running close to and parallel with the t. p. line. Orbicular moderate or small, contrasting blue, centred with brown. Reniform large, broad, a little constricted centrally, somewhat indefined above and below, blue and contrasting. Secondaries whitish, with a slender, smoky extra-median line, and a broad, blackish outer margin. Fringes brown, with a yellow line at base. In one specimen with a vague discal lunule. Beneath, primaries smoky gray, powdery, with a blackish extra-median line, a pale or dusky spot marking the orbicular, and a yellowish lunule marking the reniform of the upper side. Secondaries white, yellowish toward and on costa, smoky at outer margin, with a narrow smoky outer line, and a dusky discal spot which may be absent. Expands 1-1.20 inches = 25-50 mm. Habitat: Santa Fé, New Mexico, July and August (Cockerell), Nos. 1657, 1827 and 3906. Three male specimens of this very handsome species are at hand. It belongs to the series of which Smaragdina transfrons and Bridghami are examples, and when fresh is prettier than either. Unfortunately, the beautifully transparent blue dulls rapidly, and appears then like a thin wash of ultamarine over a layer of white. It cannot be easily confused with any other of our species. The male genitalia are very simple; the harpes narrow obliquely to a somewhat acute tip, which has a fringe of spinules inwardly ; the clasper arises from its middle, and is a slender, moderately long and only slightly curved hook. Hadena viridimusca, n. sp. Head and thorax brown, powdered with darker scales ; head paler in front. Collar with a dark median line, sometimes paler than the thoracic disc. ‘Thoracic tuftings distinct, the posterior paler and sometimes quite contrasting. Abdomen smoky ; in the male the edges of the segments THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 265 distinctly white-marked. Primaries smoky red-brown, more or less over- laid by mossy yellow-green scales which normally fill the basal, terminal and'part of the s. t. space, the centre of the ordinary spots and patches in the median space. Basal line evident, geminate, defining lines not well marked, included space pale and sometimes white-marked. T. a. line geminate, upright a little irregular, defining lines incomplete and not well marked, included space white, forming a somewhat prominent patch on the costa and extending inward a little on the inner margin. ‘T. p. line geminate, not well defined, broken, out-curved over the reniform, then almost upright, included space more or less marked with white scales, especially in the costal region. S. t. line very irregular, marked by the contrast between the mossy powdering of the terminal and darker shading of the s. t. spaces. A series of blackish terminal lunules, followed by a series of pale or yellowish blotches at the base of the fringes and opposite the termination of the veins. A median shade line is traceable below the reniform., Orbicular small, round, black ringed, green centred. Reni- form upright, moderate in size, incompletely outlined, a little constricted centrally. Claviform extending half way across the median space, out- lined by black scales, yellow-green filled, and this greenish shade is usually continued beyond the spot across the median space. Secondaries deep smoky-brown, hardly paler at the base, fringes with a pale line at the base. Beneath gray, powdery, outer margins paler; with a common extra-median line and a black discal spot on all wings. Primaries with a whitish cloud on the costa at the inception of the extra-median line. Expands 1.05-1.12 inches = 27-29 mm. Habitat: Columbus, Ohio; VI., 20; VII., 9, atsugar (N. W. Tallant); Texas, V., 16 (Belfrage) ; New Jersey. Four specimens, 2 males and 2 females, are at hand, and I have seen others. The species is allied to mise/o¢des in appearance, but is smaller, with much narrower, stumpy wings. It is, perhaps, nearer to marina, with which I tried hard to identify it, but is not so bright as that species, the fringes are even, and the form of the primaries is different. The variation consists partly in the amount and intensity of the mossy green, which fades to yellow in old examples, and partly in the prominence of the white filling of the ordinary lines. 266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A NEW PLAGODIS. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Plagodis approximaria, nN. sp. Fore wings dark ochreous, paler about the faint purplish cloud that rests on internal margin ; a cluster of blackish strigz in centre of basal space on internal margin and a larger cluster in the black cloud ; other- wise the ground colour is without strige. T. a. and t. p. lines slightly curved, broad, somewhat clouded, nearer together than usual, blackish brown, the t. p. line the more distinct. Hind wings paler, largely over- spread by a purplish shading that éxtends from a large cluster of dense blackish strigee at inner angle. Thorax ochre, purplish in front and on the head. Expanse 50 mm. Two males, Portland, Oregon, April 23rd, 1892. U. S. National Museum, type No. 4110. SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES OF PLAGODIS. Notch at inner angle of primaries nearly like the subapical excavation, so that the outer margin looks produced centrally. Pale ean: t. p. line diffuse, sinuate, shaded below ; other lines obsolete. . one eee 5 ; i .serinartia, H.-S. Ochreous, strigose, t. p. ime uae ae t.a. The fainter ; discal OMe... , eet : ROL ..alcoolaria, Guen. Notch at inner angle Perch thes margin inoking straight with a notch below. T. a. line very faint and diffuse or absent. Fore wing straw colour, notch moderate. T. p. line present, not obscured. No large purplish cloud Rates t,, ps jimey: gat smost some strigose markings.. . NS 4 vidaria, H.-S. A purplish cloud beyond t. p. ime, ear ia Pack. T. p. line absent, lost in a large ue cloud that reaches middle of wing.......- ek .nigrescaria, Hulst. Fore wing cinerous clay eolends ndtch (ae emarginarta, Guen. T. a. line if faint, not diffuse ; usually distinct. T. a. and t. p. lines remote, narrow and discreet ; hind wings usually with a narrow submarginal Hife®) Foes aa .. phlogosaria, Guen,. T. a. and t. p. lines approximate, rather broad and a little clouded ; hind wings without an line, a strigose cloud at inner ‘angle OR voce ee approximaria, Dyar, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 267 A NEW DAGTYLOPIUS (FAM, COCEhDA) FROM ARIZONA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. EXP. STA. Dactylopius hymenoclee, n. sp.— 9. Black when dry, entirely covered and concealed by the firm snow-white ovisac, forming a rounded mass about 4 mm. diam. These masses are adherent to one another, forming very conspicuous white cottony balls on the plant, having a diameter of from ten to twelve mm. The surface of the ovisac is rough, but not at all ribbed. The female, boiled and flattened under a covel- glass, is oval, about 4 mm. long. After being boiled in caustic soda, soaked in alcohol, and mounted in balsam, the insect is found to exhibit two different pigments: one a pale magenta, the other a dark bluish green. Skin with very numerous small circular glands, and a good many rather large dagger-shaped spines, in the caudal region. Legs and antenne pale brown ; legs fairly stout; coxa 99. Femur with trochanter 144 tibia 72, tarsus with claw 60 ».; claw digitules slender, with a very small knob ; claw with a minute denticle on the inner side just before the tip.; antennz 7-segmented, the segments measuring as follows in » :—(1) 28. (2)-25-30.'~(3) 23-25. (4) 23-31. (5) m5=19h (6) 24-28.. (7) 59-64: Embryonic larva large. Hab.—On Hymenoclea monogyra in the river bottom, about six miles from Tucson, Arizona; collected three years ago by Prof. J. W. Toumey. I learn from Prof. Toumey that he had partially described this interesting species; but he has mislaid his MSS., and has no time at present to attend to the matter, so he has asked me to publish a description, D. hymenoclee is evidently related to D. filamentosus, Ckll., by its 7- segmented antenne, its bluish-green pigment, and its manner of collecting in globular masses on the plant. The legs of f/amentosus are larger (coxa 120, femur with trochanter 177, tibia go, tarsus with claw 75 p) ; and the denticle on the inner side of the claw, instead of being almost at the tip, is about half way between base and tip, and is quite large. D. filamentosus has a large anal ring, with very large bristles upon it, and the region around it, while presenting a good many circular glands. does not have the dagger-shaped spines. I will take this opportunity to record that Prof. Toumey sent me Lecaniodiaspis rufescens (Ckll.), collected at Tucson on Fouguiera splendens. I now consider this to be a valid species, distinct from yucce, aS many specimens from various localities preserve the distinctive characters, 268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. IN RE SPILOSOMA CONGRUA, WALK. BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., ROEMER MUSEUM, HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. In reference to the present controversy my testimony is as follows : I examined, in 1867, Mr. Walker’s material. This represented a form unknown to me, undoubtedly a S#i/osoma, not a species or form of Hyphantria. I was so struck with this that I drew up a description and carefully compared the palpi and antenne. From these and the slightly larger size, I felt confident that it was a Sfz/osoma unknown to me at the time. The description is published in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1868, but I have no copy, unfortunately, at this writing, of the paper. My memory is vivid that I compared it with Ayphantria cunea, and it was not that species nor any form of it. I conjectured even, at the time, that the material might be European with a wrong locality, so dissimilar was it from S. verginica or S. latipennis, the latter form being known to me from Stephen Calverley’s collections from Long Island before, long before, its description by Stretch. Years afterwards, Dr. Thaxter sent me speci- mens from the East, which I at once recognized as S. congrua from my memory and my notes. These specimens belonged to S. antigone, which I set down accordingly as a synonym of S. congrua in the pages of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. There is, finally, one point to which I call attention. In 1867 Mr. Walker was arranging the collection. I directed his notice at the time to the fact that he had quite often mixed up different species under one name. It may be, then, that there were two species under congrua, but I think not. Mr. Walker adopted, at the moment, some of my sugges- tions, but the time was too brief to allow me to overhaul the whole of the American materia], about which, as a whole, I knew besides, at the time, too little. But I knew Spclosoma and Hyphantria sufficiently as to give my determination weight. Now, it is a fact that Mr. Butler sorted over the collection, and as to this work Prof. Smith’s Cat. No. 44 gives us, incidentally, valuable information. And it is a fact that I found in the Noctuids, in 1867, more mixing of species than comes out after Butler and Smith’s sorting and taking or fixing of Mr. Walker’s types. This was done without sufficient study of Mr. Walker’s text in the B. Mus. Lists. Mr. Walker’s material bore no type label; it was in 1867 (and, I think, again in 1880) simply stuck above the printed name, cut out of the B. M. Lists, as I remember. Misidentifications of Walker’s description or determination occur in the genera Afpatela, Hadena, Mamestra, - Hypena, etc. See my papers in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and in the Proc, of the American Philosophical Society. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 269 BOOK NOTICE. THE PsycHICAL Powers or ANTs.*—By E. Wasmann, S. J. In this folio volume of 135 pages, which appears as “ Zoologica, Heft 26,” the author has given us his 95th contribution to the knowledge of guests and parasites of the ants and termites. As the title shows, the work is of a philosophical nature and deals with the mental side of ant- life, being in the main concerned with a refutation of the theory recently advanced by A. Bethe, who ascribes to ants and other invertebrates in general, no higher psychological rank than that of mere “reflex-machines.” The introduction reviews in brief the views of various earlier writers on the subject, and indicates the author’s position, in that while rejecting Bethe’s reflex theory, he also avoids the tendency exhibited by many naturalists to ascribe to ants powers of mind approaching those of man. Next follows a chapter devoted to an analysis of Bethe’s theory, and showing Dr. Wasmann’s reasons for the rejection thereof. In this connection the author writes: ‘‘It appears to me a reliable criterion that the animals concerned are not mere reflex-machines, but are guided, at least in the higher activities of life, by sensory perception and sensation on a foundation of inherited instinct is to be found in this: the possession of special sense organs in combination with a central nervous organ, as well as their manifold and suitable employments through which the animal turns impressions from the outside to use in the necessities of its life.” The succeeding chapter considers the question, ‘‘How do ants know one another ?” And here much evidence is brought forth to show that the recognition is due to sensory perception, and is not automatic. ‘The antenne (especially the tips) are concerned in the discrimination, and Dr. Wasmann agrees with Forel that the detection of odour is very largely depended upon therefor. The subject next approached is ‘“‘ How do ants find their way?” Reference is made to the well-known fact that with many species a definite path is followed during journeys to and from the hunting-grounds, while in other species the wanderings are made much at random. Not only are ants able to follow their paths, but they also discern the direction in which the trail leads; 7. e., if it is running 270 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘polarization of the scent” to explain the objective difference between the going and the returning tracks, without (says Wasmann) telling us in what manner it is subjectively perceived by the ants. This theory is attacked by Dr. Wasmann on the ground of its inapplicability in some instances and contradiction in others. He declares that the phenomena may be explained in a much simpler way by assuming a different form of the scent which marks paths leading in different directions. He further ascribes sensory sensations and powers of impulse to these insects in order to account for their voluntary actions. His account (pp. 31 and 32) of Formica sanguinea taking a short cut from one nest to another, instead of following the ordinary path, is very suggestive of a true sense of direction. Some visual perception of changes in their paths is perhaps indicated by the observations recorded a few pages farther on. Can ants see? The treatment of this query is masterly, and it is impossible to do the author justice in a short review. After showing that those ants which, like Formica, have well-developed compound eyes, are possessed of good visual powers, and the ability to use their visual images in various emergencies, he compares. them with some other genera, such as Solenopsis (S. fugax ), where the eyes, being composed of but four or five facets, are of much less sensitivity, though by no means insensible to light. Now is brought in a very pretty side issue, which bears, however, on the main question, namely, that those guests of the mimicry type which live with ants having well-developed eyes, copy their hosts in a different way from those which dwell among small-eyed forms. Among the large-eyed ants the mimicry by the guest begins in a resemblance of colour, followed by some likeness in build, this latter not extending to an actual copy of the details, but resting largely upon deceptive light reflec- tions. Among guests of small-eyed or blind forms the mimicry begins with a rcsemblance in sculpture and vestiture, and this is succeeded by a likeness in build, which amounts to an actual similitude between the parts ‘involved to the corresponding organs of the host; it culminates at last in the similarity of antennal structure between guest and host. ‘These points are brought out in two lithographed plates. The conclusions to which they lead are these: In guests of such ants as can see well, the mimicry aims to deceive the sense of sight of the host ; in guests of ants which are blind or nearly so, the mimicry aims to deceive the antennal sense of touch. + THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 Regarding the powers of intercommunication, Dr. Wasmann not only contends that they possess these powers, but gives (on pp. 69 and 70) a scheme showing the signals which he has seen used to induce various activities. He holds that these actions point neither to an “intelligent understanding,” nor to pure reflex action, but are sufficiently explained through sensory perception and the power of originating impulses. The next chapter is of a controversial character, replying to the question, ‘‘What proof can be brought against our acceptance of psychical powers in ants?” The claim is made that Bethe has, without satisfactory knowledge of the facts and without exercise of necessary caution, set up his new reflex theory too boldly; and that this theory is unacceptable because of its innate indefensibility. “The different forms of learning* in man and the animals” is the next subject treated. On the ground of biological facts, Dr. Wasmann recognized six divisions, as follows : I. Independent learning. 1. Through instinctive exercise of reflex action. 2. Through sensory experience, by means of new associations of ideas presented thereby. 3. Through sensory experience and the intelligent application of earlier conditions to new. II. Learning through the influence of others. 4. Through influence of the impulse of imitation. 5. Through human training. 6. Through intelligent instruction. Regarding the above forms of learning, he makes, among others, the following generalizations : In man alone are all six forms found. Other animals possess, according to the grade of their psychical development, either the first alone, the first and fourth, or the first, second, fourth and fifth, In ants, as well as in the higher animals, the first, second, fourth and fifth are indicated. But the second and fifth forms are more highly developed in some other animals than in ants. Only the third and sixth forms prove the possession of a real intelli- gence on the part of the learner. As these cannot be demonstrated in animals, no actual proof of animal intelligence is existent. “T can get no better rendering of ‘‘ Lernens” than this, 272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The proposition set up by the modern school of animal psychology, that learning through individual experience is a criterion of intelligence, must therefore be condemned as untenable. It is also incorrect to make ‘learning through individual sensory experience” a criterion of psychical power. A further discussion of evidence offered on the psychical life of ants occupies many pages. The fact is brought out that many of the most ordinary of their activities bear directly on the subject, while on the other hand numerous apparently intelligent proceedings may be referred to simpler factors. Dr. Wasmann concludes that ants are neither intelligent miniature men nor mere reflex machines, but are organisms possessed of the power of sensory sensations and voluntary action, and that their inherited instincts may be modified in many ways through sensory percep- tion and circumstances of sensation, as well as through the influence of previously gained experience. An application of the Darwinian factors, he says, fails to explain the development of the relations between ants and termites and their respective guests. The fact that ants, in their symbiosis, often raise their worst enemies, is as irreconcilable with the Darwinian form of the theory of descent as with the acceptance of an animal intelligence. A supplement follows, describing six new species of myrmecophilous Proctotrupide. At the request of many readers, the author has added a list of his published works on myrmecophilism and termitophilism, which counts up ninety-four titles, the present contribution being the ninety-fifth. No student of ant-life or of comparative psychology should fail to read this memoir. It is to be hoped that it will serve to still further stimulate the study of the mental side of ants, and in this line of investi- gation it sets a model of careful observation and cautious conclusions. H. F. WickHAM. Mailed Sepiember Sth, 18go. ow. AT LONDON, OCTOBER, 1899. No. 10. The analy a TABLES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE GENERA OF COCCIDA:. BY i. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR EXP. SDA: SUBFAMILIES. Males with Compound. eyes... .. . ... «| .:c.cs Seales ome meaeene es eee eae Tee GUS ad WaT a oases ore Un oHS mote eilh Ne clk glstcte Sie Deena CGS, Wit MAIS (.0.). .. 5. . =, sie SUMED ra, ale omen MOD EE CeIn PATI DEO SAUTE Spe Soy. cis, 2.5 + <4 SIRE Rea oc ey er ee ee 2. Mouth-parts present in adult 92; legs present in all SEARES Cs tesco 2 ial Se sa we seiiey es «=» » MLOMOPRICDING: Mouth- Heat ape in an Aa ee abaens in intermediate stage of 2. SEALE Tg crave. w ork 6 wa shlgsethas uaa aioe Margarodine. 3. higeees tt 9 terminating in a compound segment ; anal orifice hairless... CAE RRR ae Sic A A ARERTR Red rte Abdomen “i 9 not so terminating...... Bis (Pde irda a Ree 4. Insects with a scale formed cnnelen ff Feehan, matter without admixture of the exuvie ; adult 9 retaining legs and antenne. ae sa sceeess. « Conchaspina. Insects ras a eee composed ey Ae the exuvie ; adult 2 with- out legs.. sreentnehcys : eye: .. Diaspine. 5. Insects sielesed in a resinous call math en ale ; adult 9 apodous, with the terminal segments produced into a tail-like organ, bearing at the extremity the anal orifice; a prominent spinelike organ above the base of the caudal extension....... Zachardiine. Not so. SEA Ve fe: SR LUNS cuiete Ae PRM te Se Yio eee Rae AO) 6. oe ith the posterior euicheninen lite: ‘ia orifice closed above by a pair of tmangular plates... 3% Speeeeeteecs. oo co. LAcaeare: Not'so ; triangular anal plates absent 20. !2)..:.0....... Coccine. In preparing the above table, I have borrowed in places from that of Green, Coccide of Ceylon, p. 12. 274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ORTHEZIN&. F OVAnten ice caOmated.. .. oa @awe aol. semen: cis ee One meciae bose 9 antenne 4-jointed ..... Vis cr - td Seems OS 200. es OPM OLR ULC, MONOPHLEBINA. 2 with along posterior ovisac ; ¢ without fleshy caudal processes....1. ? with conspicuous waxy lamellze or processes more or less covering the dorsal surface, but no long ovisac; g unknown... Wadkeriana., Sign. ? without a long posterior ovisac, or the lamelle of Walkeriana.....2. r Antenne ofadult 9 1i-jointed: eee 2... oP cena, Sit Antenne of adult 2 osno-jointed) /- 2a...) 2xaticerya. Chil: 2. ¢ abdomen without long fleshy processes... . Paleococcus, Ckll. d abdomen with long fleshy processes, usualy 8 in num- bene. ss : Ba Age Fao Ute . Monophlebus, Leach. There are Eaverai other supposes genera in aie books. Crypticerya, Ckll., is essentially an Zcerya without an ovisac ; in the table it will fall with Pa/eococcus, but having no material of the latter genus, I am not sure whether the two are identical. C. Zowmnsendi, var. pluchee, has rows of waxy processes, clearly indicating an approach to the condition of Walkeriana pole. Llaveia, Sign., Ortonia, Sign., Protortonia, Towns., Guerinia, Targ., and Zessarobe/us, Mont., seem all to be identical with AZonophlebus. Drosicha, Walk., is said to differ from A/onophlebus by its g-jointed an- tenne, but it is doubtless an immature form of the latter genus, The Monophlebine are really separable into two distinct tribes : (1) Monophlebini, in which the males have fleshy caudal processes, and the secretion of the females is powdery or cottony, including only AZonophile- bus; and (2) Zceryinz, in which the males have not the fleshy processes, and the secretion of the females is more in the form of waxy plates, including /cerya, Wadkeriana, etc. +By the characters given, Phenacoleachia, n. g. (type Leachia zealandica, Maskell, Tr. N. Z. Inst., XXIII., p. 26), will fall in this subfamily, but it has strongly Dacty- lopiine features. Of this Phenacoleachia zealandica I have males, received from Mr. Maskell, and there is aslide of the females, from the same source, in the collection of the U. S. Department of Agriculture. The female resembles that of Dactylopzus, having two long caudal filaments as in that genus, instead of the brush of Orthezza ; but it has curious compound eyes consisting of ocelliform bodies forming a single ring round the head, interrupted above and below. The adult female, by.its elongated form, elongated mentum, and curved spines at the end of the anreone resembles AA7zecus ; ut it differs in its 11-jointed antennee (Maskell, 1. c., Pl. VI., f. 3). The anal ring bears six stout bristles. *An overlooked synonym of Orthesta is Cyphoma, Gistel, 1848, Nat. des Thier., p. 151. Type O. charactas, (Not Cyphoma, Bolt., 1798). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 275 MARGARODINA, Tribes. Subterranean ; anterior legs of both sexes adapted for digging . NYS AROS Hs v.55) als Aine oe een curr pa 7ane. Arboreal ; anterior les MOnMal.)). iy ee PMN eas rite ha ’oite oe PLORALELIOG, Margarodint, Includes only AZargarodes, Guilding (syn. Porphyrophora, Brandt.). Xylococcini, Ao with eno caudal brush... ...... .....ahyen ee eeeeemeostoma,, Nasik, a eae Senta A eR A HV). bo lah lethg REED ANE RORO LA . Antenne of adult P 9- ited” “4eapeae toe of N. Hemis- PICTO nee ss Ee aeetie Begs fs .. Xylococcus, Lw. Antenne of adult oe, Io- Or Il scinnete ‘Augtratte. Gatnatane Guer. CONCHASPIN. Includes only Conchaspis, Ckll. Ourococcus, Fuller, has not been described ; but a specimen of O. casuarine received from Mr. Fuller has a good deal of resemblance, in its caudal structures, to Conchaspis, but is yet quite distinct from it. The £ Ouwrococcus, very differently from Conchaspis, has a long glassy tail. Coccin&. Tribes. Living in eo in ic eis end of abdomen produced into a narrow tail. Mig doi : Pets .Brachyscelint. ee not alias in fee or ead ti abad@men not special modified to foRnava; tail, ue 2 bo: Bes sed 3. Ds ieee ehelosedin ina eemnalete.s sac oF waxy or roan texture ; ai iienelly with figure-of-8 er ; legs absent in adult; larva not fringed with spines. Bae pulsed ots . Asterolecaniinti, 2 globular or relitoran: ina Chard. sielle and ring with hairs in larva, but not in adult ; larva fringed with spines............ Kermesinz, 9 not enclosed in a hard shell or waxy or horny sac; or if enclosed (Porococcus, Cryptoripersta), antenne and legs present........2. 2. Newly-hatched larva with rows of dorsal spines......... A riococcint. Newly-hatched larva without rows of dorsal spines...... Dactylopiini. Brachyscelint, On Casuarina ; larva not fringed with spines..........Frenchia, Mask. On Lycalypias, lana iringed with spitiesii agi rer yials wire aie ierean woes jogs yg ole Be 276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1. Legs all present, but short and unfit for use......Apiomorpha, Rubs. Hind legs only present, these Mate iawn... + Opisthoscélcs,Schrad, Legs all @bsent. Jio.c:.s2 nae .. Ascelis, Schrad. The genus er iriicus Puller eae not yet been suka eeneny described to be included in the tables. It forms spherical galls on Aucalyptus, and has neither legs nor antenne. Asterolecantini. Insect with a fringe of glassy rods.......... ...Asterolecanium, Targ. Insect without such a fringe.. SMA eaten & 3 ois woah oaa pags spn 1. Antennz well-developed in adult 2. ......Lecaniodiaspis, Targ. Antenne rudimentary or absent in aaute eS eae ame roars Stern ree 2. Covering waxy ; end of abdomen strongly chitinous. . Cevococcus, Comst. Covering horny ; end of abdomen not or hardly chitinous ; scale with a caudal process ending with an orifice... . So/enococcus, Ckll. ( Solenophora, Mask.) Covering waxy; end of abdomen not chitinous ; scale irregular, with NOACAUC Al PTOCESS!.... o 4 g. - 2)... cea eee ee SS EY Seer sg. tType S, zzflatipes, Mask., Tr, N, Z. Inst., XXV., p. 238. 278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5. @ having the aspect of a Dactylopius ............Phenococcus, Ckll. ? covered with waxy lamelle, like an Orthesia...... Ceroputo, Sulc. 6. Insect with large projecting marginal tubercles.. .. Zy/ococcus, Newst. Withomtgprojecting mateinal tubercles . .. i... Grasse se tere age 7. Anal ring of 2 with more than 8 hairs...........Zachnodius, Mask. Analsnmenot.> with Gyhaps. ofa eae ess iis : Os 8. ¢ with four caudal filaments ....... Rd Lease Sign: % (so far as known) with only two dealt flamers he SRP NE eas Gh: g. Body very elongate ; antennz 8-jointed, shorter eae stouter han in Dactylopius ; eyes present; mentum short. ....Pergandiella, Ckll. ( Westwoodia, Sign.) Body oval, usually with cottony tassel...........Dactylopius, Costa. Body subglobular, enclosed in a cottony sac ...... rium, Crawford. (Type £. globosum.) 1o. Antenne 6-or 7-jointed ; when 7-jointed, distinguished from Dacty/o- pius by the stouter legs and usually subterranean habitat... ..11, Antennee leap form ee anal tubercles promi- nent . I J iatnods fa oe he uaiemms oun ee 1 asters eo ne, nates relatively Ribos antennee......Fonscolombia, Licht, ae mes, Mitsche 5 Be eon: Newst,) Not so. zi srk Sarda 8 nie: faigs 12. Legs Pe ireuiely siaicle, ce cab S ane <5 \Peectiorine sla, Ckil. Notisomulees ordinary. v.03. 2. Agha eens ae Rees io 1e ngs 9 ;enclesediin ia, waxy SaGs\o J: _ Cryptoripe Std, Ckil, Not sogsarnis «.: craton is Ree eee Ti 14. “Antenne very alate capethen? itinsley). (Riper Gan linen: oe rumicis and maritima. )+ Antenne morally placedniss 22) ee eee heap bn Sign. 15. Newly-hatched larva idence: with ejonied ANTE eee tO Newly-hatched larva oval or suboval . 2s Partido gRSeeateeCemeeetincs ot ea 16. Terminal antennal segment of newly- parenes Lanes ana little idtizet than the one belore;eer eee. oo - . Pseudolecanium, Ckll. Terminal antennal segment of nen h: auehed larva very large, as long as the three before... ). 4204... <2. ene Raetacoccusy Mask. *A genus of few species, aout in Europe; when the male is unknown, the female is usually referred with safety to the large genus Dacty/opius rather than to ‘Oudablis, +Prof. Tinsley has named this genus, ‘and indicated its characters, in a thesis for the degree of B.S., presented to the N. M. Agricultural College, May 31, 1899. He will shortly prepare a paper describing the genus in detail, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 279 17. Larva with 5-jointed antenne; anal ring of adult with only 4 hairs. i: ees... hee . Cryptococcus, Doug). Larva wih eeined antennv, joint 6 oad ; Pinal ring of adult with Guhainse te. PO ew ok es Lk oes RATCONT IE SI: Larva with Tainted antenne, sides very bay ; anal ring of adult and danvar with r7eWairs.... .. .. csp eneneemeens ls Chee 7Cl2S NIE WS. TACHARDIINE. Anal ring with numerous bristles............... Zachardia, Blanchard. Anal rings without bristles ; anus furnished with two membranous lobes, the edees cf which,are bristly. ...°.\.. sy .seueemeeene G@SCU7 a7.) eae: (To be continued. ) THE CLOVER-ROOT MEALY BUG. Dactylopius trifolit, Forbes. BY R. H, PETTIT, ASSIST. ENTOMOLOGIST AGR. COLLEGE, MICH. On July 1, 1893, the writer collected a number of mealy bugs on clover ( Zrifolium pratense) at Ithaca, N. Y. They were found at about the level of the ground between the several stems of the plant, and also on the roots under the soil. On July 17 of this year the same insect was Fic. 34.—DacTYLOPIUS TRIFOLII. found on the same plant at Agricultural College, Mich. As they were both supposed to be D. frifolii, Forbes, a comparison was made with the original description.* In this description the insect is credited with having seven joints to the antenne, and as the adult females found here and at Ithaca have eight, the male pupa was examined. This form has seven joints, and * rath Rep. of State Entomologist of Ill. for year 1884, by S, A, Forbes. 280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. agrees perfectly with the description. The material left by Mr. G. C. Davis, on which he based his article on ‘‘Mealy Bugs and Their Allies” f, was examined and found to agree with both the description and the recently collected specimens. As no description of the adult female has as yet been found by the writer, it was thought that one might be of some interest. The adult female measures a little more than two millimetres in length, is reddish-brown in colour, covered with a coating of waxy or mealy secretion. The legs are dirty yellow in colour. From the sides project from 15 to 17 (usually 17) waxy processes, forming a fringe around the body in the usual manner, with the shortest filaments near the head, and those near the tail considerably longer, sometimes one- third as long as the body. The antenne are 8-jointed ; joint 1 is swollen, as broad as long; 2 and 3 subequal, each about as long as 1; 4, 5,6 and 7 subequal. a little over half as long as 2 or3; 8 usually a little longer than 5 and 6 joined. There is considerable variation in 4, it is sometimes smaller than 5, 6 or 7, and sometimes slightly larger. The legs are dirty yellow, in length the tarsus is slightly more than half the tibia, which about equals the femur. Digitules 4; the 2 superior long and slender, the 2 inferior shorter and more stout. (The digitules were not distinct, but appeared as described.) Anal tubercles not very prominent, with a mass of small glandular spots, and bearing one long ‘hair, with sometimes several smaller ones. Among the glandular spots are placed two conical projections or processes on each tubercle. These processes are from two to three times as long as broad at the base. The figures of the antenna and leg (Fig. 34) are from drawings made from the Ithaca specimens in 1893. NEW COCCIDS FROM KANSAS. BY PERCY J. PARROTT, MANHATTAN, KANSAS. Antonina Vortoni, Parrott and Ckll. Sac white, subglobular, cottonlike, completely enveloping female, ? oval, plump, cream-coloured, with slight tinge of brown on margin. Boiled in caustic potash, becomes transparent, with the excep- tion of the antennz, the two pairs of spiracles, and ultimate segment, including anal region, which are a dark yellowish-brown. There are many single glands, especially towards and about posterior segments ; + Insect Life, Vol. VII., 1894, p. 168. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 281 they are less numerous anteriorly. On outer side of each spiracle there is a crescentic group of rather large circular glands, placed very close together. Antenne aborted, short, thick, composed cf three segments measuring respectively 18-25, 13-16, 27-28 mm. Mouth-parts large. Spiracles chitinous, large and extended. Anal orifice circular, situated in a depression, surrounded by a strong chitinous ring. Anal ring with six long, stout hairs measuring from 53 to 89 mm. in length. Around Fic, 35.—ANToNINA NorTont. the anal area are many slender hairs, very much smaller than the bristles of the anal ring. In Fig. 35 @ represents the antenna; 4, anal ring; ¢, portion of derm about anal ring ; d, spiracle. This species was coliected by Mr. J. B. Norton, on April 25th, 1899, at the bases of the stems of Boutelona racemosa on Blue Mont, Manhattan, Kans. 282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Aspidiotus ( Largionia) Marlatti, sp. nov. 2 scale 2 mm. in diameter, flat to slightly convex, dark reddish- brown, resembling walnut, on margin to a lighter shade at centre; exuvie lateral, large, black, often covered with brownish secretion; ventral pel- licle thin, light reddish-brown, not easily separated from scale, and leaves no mark on host plant when detached. 2 oval, white, with irregular spots of yellow; ultimate segment yellow, with the margin dark brown and strongly chitinous. Boiled in caustic potash, the female becomes transparent, with the exception of the lobes, which remain yellow. There are three pairs of lobes (Fig 36), which are short, broad, and quite widely separated, with the sides parallel ; first pair either broadly rounded or truncate, and notched at distal end; second and third lobes similar, broader than mesal lobes, notched on Asyraiolus Marlatte Fic, 36. %, margin, with that part lateral of the notch generally the larger. There is one small spine at the base of each of the mesal lobes, one larger one at the base of the lateral margin of each of the second and third lobes respectively, and another one on margin as distant from the third spine as the combined width of one mesal and one second lobe. Chitinous processes are of medium size, one pair to each incision; the ones lateral of mesal lobes are the largest. Plates are short and truncate, and appar- ently easily shed, as they do not appear in the boiled specimens ; in the untreated specimens there are from one to two plates to each incision. There are no groups of circumgenital glands. The dorsal glands are large and fairly numerous. On each side and posterior of the anus there are a few tubular glands. This interesting species was collected by Mr. J. B. Norton, who found it upon the base of the stems of grasses, Andropogon furcatus and A. scoparius, on Blue Mont, Manhattan, Kansas, and is named in honor of Mr. C. L. Marlatt, in recognition of his many valuable contributions to the knowledge of the Coccide. ie) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 28 THE HABROPODA AND DIDASIA OF CALIFORNIA. BY CARROLL FOWLER, BERKELEY, CAL. The following is a list of the species of these two groups occurring in California, with notes on those forms known to me : Hapropopa, Smith. A small group of bees, comparatively local in their habits, and in appearance very much like the iarger species of Anthophora, ersawith black pMDeESGENCe:.,....... ..: <.aeemeenNenne ole taencn na eeu ilQ Ge Q ea. I.egs with pale pubescence. Abdomen (except on first segment) with depressed, pale pubescence biti haa) with erect, black hairs; ¢ with scape yellow in front. ee : « etsions ene .. depressa. Avdormen Sehgal black aie pale puleerence erects, res oa scape black. ; win 52) pee OLESEHAUELES. Bei uandarior ne. ean: _ Redaneee ‘Gal. (H. O. ‘incodwen ay tee 23. One female. 2. Habropoda depressa, N. sp. @ 14 mm., ¢ 12-13 mm. Clothed with mixed black and pale pubescence, the latter depressed on the abdomen. ?.—Head black, clothed with ashy pubescence, mixed with black on vertex, dense and white on cheeks and labrum, thin on clypeus, which is strongly punctured ; antenne black. Thorax clothed with pale pubes- cence, thin on disc and strongly mixed with black above, dense white beneath ; wings subhyaline ; legs clothed with pale pubescence more or less tinged with yellow, very dense on posterior femora and tibiz, brown on metatarsi beneath, a bunch of black pubescence at apex of posterior metatarsi; claws reddish. Abdomen black, narrow apical margins of the segments brown ; first segment clothed with erect, white pubescence, except on apical margin, where it is black; the remaining segments with appressed, yellow pubescence interspersed with erect black hairs. Ven- tral segments shining, fringed with long, pale pubescence. ¢.—Differs from ? in having narrow lines on the sides of the face, clypeus except narrow lateral margins, mandibles except tips, and scape in front yellowish-white ; legs with white pubescence, which is a little longer on the tibize and posterior tarsi behind, and quite long on the anterior and posterior femora; venter thickly clothed with white pubes- cence, 284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Habitat: Berkeley, Cal., Feb. 22 to May 1; numerous specimens. Santa Catalina Island (H. O. Woodworth), June 21 ; one specimen. Dur- ing the earlier part of the season several specimens were collected upon the white flowers of Cytisus poliferus in the botanic garden. About the middle of April quite a number of females were observed collecting pollen from oak blossoms. A few males were collected upon Ranunculus californicus. On April 22, 1899, several nests were examined. They are, in general, much like those of many other bees of solitary habits, being grouped together in quite large numbers, and each one consisting of a single burrrow extending about a foot into the hard earth. The cell at the end is about 10 millimetres wide by 16 in length, lined with a thin, hard layer of wax and filled with a mixture of pollen and honey. A large number of the bees had taken possession of an old squirrel hole, from the inside of which, at a depth of about a foot, their burrows were found ex- tending off in all directions, while the outside burrows extended nearly straight downward. The traces of a number of old burrows would indicate that the same spot had been visited from year to year. Only a few of the nests at this date were complete, and no larve were found. 3. Habropoda miserabilis, Cress., ¢. ? .—Differs from male in being a little larger, having the face black, posterior legs clothed with long dense pubescence slightly tinged with yellowish, that on apical portion of the middle tibize above fuscous, at the tips of the posterior metatarsi a bunch of black hair. Both males and females have the pubescence on the under side of the legs more or less fuscous. The males before me have the ‘large sub-trefoil mark on the clypeus” extending somewhat on the region above. San Francisco, Cal.; April. ‘Twenty specimens, collected chiefly upon Phacelia californica. DipasiA, Patton. The bees of this genus fly somewhat later in the season. None of the species are common in Berkeley, but D. enavata is very abundant in Southern California during the early part of summer. Abdomen with black pubescence, except on segments 1-2; not of the segments.* *D. alboresta, Prov., seems to differ from ezavata and cinerea chiefly in size, being only 8 mm, in length, The species is unknown to me, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 285 Tarsi dark brown or black ; ¢ with the third antennal joint slender, three times the length of the second.. Meee aaaieeea rane AE UIICTOD, Tarsi pale ferruginous ; ¢ with third arfletinial ‘ont not Especially slender ; about twice the length of the second..........ezavata. 1. Didasia nerea, n. sp. to. mm. Clothed with black pubescence, ochraceous on thorax and base of abdomen above. p.—Head black, finely punctured, clothed with long, dense, black pubescence, thinner on vertex and ochraceous on posterior part of Occiput ; antenne entirely black. Thorax black, clothed with dense pubescence, yellowish above, black beneath ; tegule black ; wings hyaline, veins dark brown, second submarginal cell about half the length of the first, narrowed somewhat above ; legs clothed with black pubescence, long and dense on posterior tibiz and metatarsi. Abdomen black, with yellowish pubescence on the first two segments, somewhat mixed with black on the second, the remaining segments with rather short, black pubescence. Venter clothed with black pubescence. d.—Differs from female in having the pubescence, throughout, longer and more bushy, that on legs with a somewhat griseous appearance in certain lights; the posterior femora and tibiz somewhat incrassate, their metatarsi slender and curved, and the apex with a subacute tooth, which is not especially prominent; apical segment of the abdomen bidentate. Alabitat : Tulare, Cal. (H. O. Woodworth); May. 10. Two speci- mens. 2. Didasia alboresta, Prov.—Los Angeles, Cal. 3. Didasia cinerea, Nn. sp. d 13 mm. Clothed with cinereous pubescence, apical margins of the abdominal segments with white fascia. ¢.—Head black, punctured, clothed with griseous pubescence, slightly darker on vertex ; apical margin of the clypeus nude; antennz entirely black, third joint slender, broadening toward apex, three times the length of the second. ‘Thorax black, finely punctured, clothed with rather dense, ashy pubescence, tinged with yellowish above ; tegule dark brown to black, shining ; wings hyaline, veins dark brown to black, second submarginal cell about half the length of the first, narrowed above ; legs clothed with rather long, pale pubescence ; the four posterior legs robust, the femora and tibiz incrassate, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi 286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. curved and having at apex beneath a prominent, curved, subacute tooth, which is flattened and dilated at base ; tarsi brownish-black. Abdomen black, shining, clothed with erect, pale pubescence, longest at base and more or less mixed with black on segments 4-6 ; segments 2-6 with dis- tinct, white, marginal fascia ; apical segment bilobate. Venter clothed with white pubescence. Flabitat - Berkeley, Cal.; May and June. Three males. This species is closely allied to D. australis, which, however, has the second sub- marginal cell smaller and not narrowed above. It may readily be distin- guished from the male of D. exavata by the longer third antennal joint, the much more prominent lobes of the apical segment of the abdomen, etc. 4. Didasia enavata, Cress. (=D. tricincta, Prov.).—Santa Catalina Island, Santa Barbara, and Redlands, Cal. (H. O. Woodworth); June. Numerous specimens. DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA OF HADENA MISELOIDES, GUEN. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Lgg.—A litile less than spherical, the base flat. Twelve sharp ribs run to the vertex, which is large, circular, reticulate, with a central elevation at the micropyle ; one-third of the way down these ribs neatly alternate with twelve others, forming twenty-four ribs around the base. Ribs straight; space distinctly, regularly cross striate. Diameter .8, height .7 mm. Stage 7.—Head rounded, mouth pointed ; shining yellowish ; width .5 mm. Body thickened at thorax and joint 12, robust, sharply tapering at joint 13, which is placed almost under joint 12. ‘Translucent yellowish, shining and sticky like a slug, the food showing by trans- parency. Sete minute and pale, not glandular, tubercles obsolete. Rests curled on the back of the leaf ; several larvae on the same leaf, but not gregarious. Hatched when found. Stage /7.—Head whitish, shining ; width .7 mm. Body as before, but less yellowish, shining, but not sticky and green from the food. Joint 2 in front is yellowish, and the sides of joint 12 are whitish from the large tracheze showing through the skin. Seta nearly imperceptible. Stage [f7,—Head small for the body, somewhat retracted, pale luteous ; width 1.1 mm. Body robust, thorax and joint 12 enlarged, the latter somewhat angular, shining, translucent green, appearing all dark bo 2) ~F THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. green from the food ; three white dots on each segment on tubercles i. and ii., and a third not on a tubercle before ii., in line with it ; on thorax the dots are on i. a, i. b, and a dot before. Stage 7V.—As in the next stage, but without a dot before the spiracle ; width of head 2.0 mm. Stage V.—Head testaceous green, small; width 2.5 mm. Thorax no longer thickened, but joint 12 sharply humped, descending perpen- dicularly to the anal feet. Subtranslucent velvety green, frosted whitish subventrally, dorsal vessel darker green. A moderately broad, diffuse, rather faint white stigmatal line, faint at the ends. Tubercles i. and 11. and a dot before ii. distinct, pale yellow, with dark green rims; iv. to vi. and a dot before spiracle white. Tubercle iv. is opposite the upper edge of the spiracle, except on joint 12, where it is below the lower edge. At the end of the stage the larva turned black, all the tubercles and dots yellow, and spun a rather firm cocoon on a piece of bark. Imago in thirty days. This larva apparently omitted the normal fourth stage. In the last stage, also, the head is smaller than would be expected ; but the moth that emerged was a rather small male. Food plant.—Cat briar (Smilax rotundifolia ). CHLORIPPE CELTIS (BOISD.-LEC.) CAPTURED ON MONT- REAL ISLAND. BY CHARLES STEVENSON, MONTREAL. On the 21st July, Mr. E. Denny, who often accompanies me on my entomological rambles, brought me a cyanide bottle full of butterflies which he had collected for amusement’s sake. On looking at it I im- mediately saw a specimen that was new to me, and was congratulating myself on getting what I thought would be a new addition to the Satyring of my collection. My pleasure was increased, on consulting Dr. Hol- land’s ‘“‘ Butterfly Book,” to find it was a Chlorippe celtis, Roisd.-Lec.,, ?, or Hackberry butterfly. (Plate XXIII., fig. 4.) A species, he states, as found generally from southern Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, and I]linois, to the Gulf of Mexico. I immediately called my friend’s attention to the specimen, and he remembered the particular place he had found it, because he thought at the time it was something he had not seen in my collection. So ever since we have watched the locality, but have not been successful in obtaining another. It was caught in the Outremont 288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. district, just outside the city limits of Montreal. The only explanation I can find for its appearance is that it may have been imported in the chrysalid stage among some plants by some florist, as there are several nurseries in the neignborhood. ‘The prevailing winds at the time would not favour migration. A NEW NOCTUID OF THE GENUS CIRROPHANUS. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, N. M. AGR. COLLEGE. Cirrophanus Dyari, n. sp.—P. Expanse 34 millim. General colour and markings justasin C. ¢r/angudifer, Grote, except as regards the following particulars : The general colour is more ochreous—not so orange ; the t. p. line curves inwards fo a point not far from the middle of the wing, whence it rapidly bends ontwards for a short distance, after which it again bends downwards and inwards to the inferior margin ; the s. t. line is further from the margin, and deeply shaded about the middle with ochreous; the oblique dark line from the lower part of the t. p. line to the costa is distinct, and has a. sharp zigzag near its middle. It results from the direction of the t. p. line that the light patch at the anal angle is more extensive than in C. triangudifer, but it is broken by a dark shade representing the lower part of the s.t. line. Hind wings strongly suffused with gray, with a curved gray line crossing the middle. Thoracic tufts deep brownish-orange. On the under side the primaries, except their margins, are strongly shaded with blackish. Fore tibize with a spine. Frontal tubercle well developed, with a semilunar hollow above it, surrounded by a strong rim. Hab.—Fillmore Canon, Organ Mts., New Mexico, Aug. 28 (CkIl.). This was recognized as a distinct species by Dr. H. G. Dyar, but though I urged him to describe it, he would not. It is very different from C. duplicatus, Smith, but closely allied to C. triangulifer, from which it differs at once in the position of the notch in the t. p. line. The females of triangulifer in the National Museum have the hind wings without any dusky shade or lines; but Grote (Ill. Essay) figures a specimen with dusky hind wings, but with the s. t. line much nearer the margin than in Dyari. The frontal tubercle of Dyavri is perhaps a little less prominent than in ¢riangulifer, but there is no noteworthy difference. The g of triangulifer has the frontal tubercle much more produced and the hind wings less rounded than the Pp. The type of Dyari is in the U. S. National Museum. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 289 LIFE HISTORY OF HYPSOROPHA HORMOS, HUBN. BY HARRISON G. DYAR, WASHINGTON, D. C. ff, hormos is not uncommon on the persimmon in Alexandria County, Virginia. The species is double-brooded. Zgg.—Less than hemispherical, domed ; ribbed with about 48 ribs around the margin, rather low, distinct, diminishing by confluence in pairs toward vertex, very slightly waved. Cross striz faint lines crossing the hollows, scarcely indicated on the ribs. Micropyle somewhat broadly finely rounded reticular, not ridged. Diameter .6 mm. Stage 7.—Head rounded, slightly bilobed, colourless, ocelli black ; width about .4 mm. Body slender, colourless transparent, food green ; feet on joints 7 and 8 rudimentary, not used, larvaasemtlooper. Shields scarcely cornified, faintly brown; tubercles distinct, pale, dark bordered ; setee short, stiff, white, 1. and ii. in a square. Segments moniliform, in- cisures well marked, the segments not very strongly 3-annulate. Sete primary. Stage /7.—Head small, slightly bilobed, whitish, dull ; width .6 mm. Body slender, translucent green, food dark green ; feet normal, small on joints 7 and 8, but little smaller than those on joints 9 and tro ; anal feet projecting backward. No marks; tubercles obscure, sete minute, i. and li. faintly whitish, Stage [7/,-—The same ; no perceptible marks ; width of head .g mm. Stage /V.— Head 1.3 mm. Tubercles 1. and ii. and the segmental folds distinctly whitish ; no other marks as yet. Another example came out brown spotted at this stage. On the head, a dot on the vertex and at tubercle i.; a dash on each side of the cervical shield; an addorsal blotch on joint 4, and a dot on joint 3 ; aspot below tubercle i. on joints 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, rr and 13; a large patch across dorsum on joints 9 and 12 anteriorly ; some small dots on the sides and on joint 13 posteriorly. Stage V.—Head as high as joint 2, scarcely bilobed, pale green, not shining, antenne and mouth whitish ; ocelli pale, in part black; width 1.8mm. Body a little flattened, feet small, those of joints 7 and 8 slenderer than the others, those of joint 13 projecting backward. ‘Trans- lucent green, incisures folded, whitish, tubercles i. and ii. and the faintest trace of a subdorsal line in a few scattered dots yellowish-white ; tubercles ill., iv. and v. anda few dots about the tracheal line also slightly pigmented. Ramifications of trachee visible. ‘Tubercle iv. of joint 5 at the upper corner of spiracle, of joints 6 to 9 at the lower corner, of 10 below the middle, of 11 nearly in line with tubercle v., of 12 at the middle. 290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Stage V7.—Head 2.2 mm. Much as before, but more opaque, the skin whitish-green, the dorsal vessel dark and plainly pulsating. Marks as before, the skin finely peppered with white granules ; spiracles reddish. Feet about equal, all with broad claspers, but short. The brown-spotted form occurs also in this stage and in stage V. Cocoon a small, compact, fairly tough web covered with bits of leaves, bark or other material. Pupa.—Light brown, smooth, slightly shining; no cremaster, the anal segment slightly bulging and with two short spines above and eight below in a transverse row. The spines resemble sete and arise from small tubercles. Surface slightly shagreened, no punctures. A series of fine waved lines about the first three spiracles. Length 12 mm. ; width 3.5 mm. THE DIPHYLISM OF THE DIURNAL LEPIDOPTERA. BY A. RADCLIFFE GROTE, A. M., HILDESHEIM, GERMANY. Having brought my studies of the neuration of the diurnals to a preliminary close, I wish to place on record here the conclusions to which they have !ed. The diphylism is founded on the following characters : A.—Butterflies having a short third anal vein on fore wings, curving downwardly from base to internal margin, and with only one anal vein. on, hind wines... : nqts.ncte one . Papilionides. B.—Butterflies Ry a fork to it sononl anal vein f, fore wings at base, sometimes incomplete, often disappearing through absorption, and with at least tivo anal veins on hind wings....... flesperiades. The nomenclature of the veins is unsettled. The submedian fold, usually obsolete, is numbered by Comstock, VI. ; this would be the first anal vein. (Comstock’s vein VII. would be the second anal vein, and the curved and shortened vein which follows in the Papilionides would be the third. This vein is replaced in the Hesperiades by a short vein anastomosing above with the second anal vein (VII.), thus running in an opposite direction to the third anal of the Papilionides. ‘This points to a different origin for the two groups. The fork of the Hesperiades has faded out in the Satyrids and most Nymphalids. It is persistent in the other families, with few exceptions in certain genera, e. g., Leucophasia. The rejection of Mr. Scudder’s classification of the diurnals is based on the following grounds: The sequence in specialization of the anal THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 291 veins is 3: 2: 1, the latter shown by the younger forms, as evidenced by Saturniades, in which the more specialized Attacine have only one anal vein left on the hind wings. It is impossible to consider the Papilionides, with only one anal vein in hind wings, as representing in any way a primi- tive form of any of the Hesperiades. The reverse is, from this point of view, a possibility, although rendered improbable by the different type of neuration shown by the fore wings. I conclude that a linear sequence of the diurnals, in a catalogue or otherwise, should begin with the Papilionides. The neuration of the Hesperiades offers no objection to a connection with the Agaristid- Noctuid stem of Dr. Dyar’s Bombycides. The neuration of the Papilio- nides offers such weighty objections as to render the connection unlikely in the extreme. CLASSIFICATION OF THE ENTOMOPHILOUS WASPS, OR THE SUPERFAMILY SPHEGOIDEA. BY WILLIAM H. ASHMEAD, ASSISTANT CURATOR, DIVISION OF INSECTS, U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. (Paper No. 5.) FamiIty XX.—Philanthide. The wasps belonging in this family have a peculiar habitus quite theirown. The head zs always wider than the thorax, the front wings have three cubital cells, while the abdomen, in nearly all the species, has usually a strong constriction between the first and second segments, the first segment being most frequently much narrowed. In only a single genus, Zrachypus, Klug., is the abdomen distinctly petiolated. The eyes are large and normal, but occasionally exhibit a slight emargination within, and, more rarely, with a distinct emargination, or reniform as in Zrypoxylon and Fison. Most of the species have the abdomen strongly punctured or punctate, and have also a constriction between all the abdominal sutures, although some also have the abdomen smooth and polished, and are without a constriction at the sutures. All of the wasps in this family are predaceous, the majority of them provisioning their nests with beetles, Curculionidae, Buprestidae, etc., although a few prey upon the bees, Hadictus, Andrena, ete. The family is dividable into two distinct groups, which I call sub- families, distinguishable as follows : 292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Table of Subfamilies. Hind femora more or less thickened at apex, and squarely truncate and produced beneath ; cubitus in hind wings originating at a con- siderable distance deyond the transverse median nervure ; meta- notum with a well-defined eg a te area at Baseee aes ss see Jo. asses pubteamily J.,.Gercerina. Hind femora not mane fiickeped at apex, and neither squarely truncate nor produced beneath; cubitus in hind wings most frequently ¢vterstitia/, or originating before the transverse median nervure, very rarely originating slightly beyond it; metanotum most frequently w7thout a well-defined triangular area at base>. eae e eae ee ks ees ne see ee ae Oe Ene ce SuBFAMILY I.—Cercerine. This subfamily is readily recognized by the shape of the hind femora, which are always thickened and squarely truncate at apex, and produced into a process beneath, and also by the venation of the hind wings, the cubitus always originating some distance beyond the transverse median nervure. Only four genera are known, all predaceous on beetles, and distin- guished as follows : Table of Genera. Second. cupitall cellipetiolate.. -ctmuru. sachs t)-\o stein tae he ane 3. Second, cubital cell 7277 petiglate si. sen .fs.)ae cues a lean ie oh eee 2. Dorsal abdominal segments 2-4 aie a nedien transverse furrow or impression, Third cubital cell quadrate, the third transverse cubitus uniting . . ? - . . with the marginal cell at apex ; lateral carinz of the pygidium fermimMating is TOOtNs sees. e ees oe . Eucerceris, Cresson. Third cubital cell not quadrate, the third transverse cubitus oblique, uniting with the marginal cell much before its apex ; lateral carinee of the pygidium in go not terminating in a tooth, . ie aN . Nectanebus, Spinola. 3. Third cubital cell quadrate, the third transverse cubitus joining the marginal cell at apex; dorsal abdominal segments 2-6 with a median transverse furrow or impression. @.. .Eucerceris, Cresson. Third cubital cell not quadrate, the third transverse cubitus oblique, joining the marginal cell much before the apex ; dorsal abdominal segments 2-6 without a median transverse furrow or impression, but usually margined at apex, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. bo co OS —— — First abdominal segment alone much narrowed, not longer than wide, and nearly as wide as the base of second, unarmed beneath ; ventral segments 3-5 usually with a_ transverse grooved lines. .2.... dive Bene .Cerceris, Latreille. First and Recond Be onvinal acumen corrthwred, the first longer than wide, the second subpyriform, the two united resembling the head and neck of a bottle, and both armed beneath with a ~ tooth or thornlike process...............Didesmus, Dahlbom. SUBFAMILY II.—Philanthide. This group is distinguished from the preceding by the normally shaped femora, and by the venation of the hind wings, the cubitus being interstitial with the transverse median nervure, or originating a little before it, but xever originating very far beyond itt. The species falling in this subfamily also seem to have quite different habits, for whereas those of the former prey upon beetles, those in this group, so far as have been observed, prey only upon bees, 4#/s, Flalictus, Andrena, ete. Nine genera have been recognized, distinguishable by characters made use of in the following table : Table of Genera. Eyes not at all emarginate within ; marginal celi at apex more or less distant from the costal margin, or subtruncate, with a slight appendage.. tears = js 3) ag heey ae SAR es hee Uae wee Eyes with a more or ies AGsiet cnameenian malin: marginal cell at apex attaining the costal margin, zw/thout an manenclone cas 2. Front wings with the second discoidal cell less than twice as nee as wide at apex, the median and submedian cells equal or nearly... . 3. Front wings with the second discoidal cell fully twice as long as wide at apex, or even longer. Third cubital cell, along the cubitus, about twice as long as along the radius ; pygidium in @ quadrangular, concave above, the clypeus margined anteriorly, but not dentate; ¢ with the pygidium triangular, the clypeus anteriorly g-dentateyis vii. i f .Clypeodon, Patton. Third cubital cell, along the cubitus, usually more than twice as long as along the radius, sometimes thrice as long ; pygidium in 9 triangular, not concave above, either flat or subconvex, the clypeus 3 tors dentate; 9G with the pygidium most frequently semicircular, or rarely sis winery Re. y ss ys: - soe Aphilanthops, Patton; 294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3. Cubitus in hind wings interstitial with the transverse median nervure ; marginal cell in front wings short, scarcely as long as the stigma, the Second cubital cell triangular .:cninge. kee: Eremiasphecium, Kohl. Cubitus in hind wings originating before the transverse median nervure ; marginal cell in front wings not short, the second cubital ceil trapezoidal. . pr ydl eas See ..Philoponus, Kohl. 4. Abdomen /ong/y Ee sie Setiole eee of a uniform thickness Hinoughout; eyes:deeply emarginate withint pee. «> ote). toe coe 7 Abdomen zo/ petiolate, sessile. Eyes deeply emarginate within ; cubitus in hind wings variable, most frequently interstitial, or nearly, with the transverse median nervure ; abdomen smooth, polished, or at most sparsely or rai Ceeeeeieally PUNT EA LCi ceric nies anl an TA SREY aes a me ea TO Eyes with only a slight rasan a an emargination, or at. least never deeply emarginate within; cubitus in hind wings most frequently originating a little before the transverse median nervure; abdomen eee punctate, often strongly rugoso- OWNED Sots sodoua. se ue BO 5¢ 5 60 5c 5. Submedian cell in front wings fully as fone as the medians ten cubital cell, along the radius, not longer than the second ; andenen finely, closely, uniformly punctured, the segments, except the first, not constricted at the sutures..........Epiphilanthus, Ashm., n. g. (Type P. solivagus, Say.) Submedian cell in front wings a little shorter than the median ; third cubital cell, along the radius, longer than the second ; abdomen usually strongly, coarsely and irregularly punctured, the segments mostly distinctly constricted at the sutures. Clypeus margined anteriorly, with a pencil of long hairs on each lateral angle ; first recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell before the middle ; first transverse cubitus strongly angulated at basal third; ¢ with the last joint of the antenne much compressed, broadened... Pseudanthophilus, Ashm., n. g. (Type P. ventilabris, Fabr.) Clypeus not margined anteriorly, and usually, but not always, without the pencil of long hairs laterally ; first recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell at or near the middie ; first transverse cubitus straight or slightly sinuate, but rarely distinctly angulated; ¢ with the last joint of antennz normal, not compressed...............-Anthophilus, Dahlb. (Type P. politus, Say.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 295 6. Labrum deeply emarginate, bidentate ; mandibles simple ; antenne short, the flagellum stout, joints 2-4 wider than long ; anterior tarsi in @ with a long flexible comb ; abdomen smooth, or at most finely microscopically punctate, the segments narrowly depressed at ADEX sates age : ; A Sri t . Philanthus, Fabr. 7. Head large, wider ian ive pubvane “He eyes deca emarginate within ; metanotum with a distinct, triangular, smooth area at base, but at a median sulcus...... Sh a. os 2 eee ineehypuss) Klug, = Simplephilus, Dahlb. = Philanthocephalus, Cam. North American Species. Subfamily I.—Cercerine. C. compacta, Creare. EUCERCERIS, Cresson. C. compar; Cryo Kealaticeps ser. C.. dentifrons; (Cr 9) E. flavocinctus, Cr. C. Dufourii, Guér., ¢. E. flavipes, Cr. C. elegans, Smith, ¢. E. zonatus, Say. C. fasciolacerA'g: E. rubripes, Cr. C.finitimarsy rs, 19% FE. unicornis, Patt. C: firmawer?. E. elegans, Cr. C. frontata, Say. E. vittatifrons, Cr. C. fulvipes, ©rg 19 4: var. tricolor, Ckil. . fumipennis, Say., 2? ¢. E. superbus, Cr. . Gnara, Cred E. similis, Cr. . imitators Cres, E. fulviceps, Cr. . Wasolita, Cri; ¢. E. montanus, Cr. » jucunda;, Cry). E. insignis, Prov. . Kennicatti, Cri; ¢. E. bicolor, Cr. . mandibularis, Patt. E. canaliculatus, Cr, . mimicay Crs. 2 ¢. E. cerceriformis, Cr., 2. moratay Cr) NECTANEBUS, Spinola. CercerIs, Latreille. . bicornis, Guer., 2. . biungulatus, Cr. ; BlakeiwCr,.°Q). calttomniea, Crs, ndt . Clypeata, Dahlb. Crete lore@ . higrescens, Smith, . occipitomaculata, Pack., ¢. . pufinodayiCr.: ¢. . rufopicta, Smith, ¢. . Sextay Say, 2. . unicincta, Taschb. »venator-c€r.) Ss: ?==bicornis, Guér. Cu@r@.@L@rol@ @) @s@n@i@@-O O-e@ « 296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. . mexicana, Sauss., 2 4, A . haustece, Sauss., 9. A . semipetiolata, Sauss., 9 ¢. A . zapotica, Sauss., ¢. A . obsoleta, Cam., ¢. A. Utahensis, Bak. . montivaga, Cam., ?. A . Smithiana, Cam., ?. A . subpetiolata, Sauss., 2. A . truncata, Cameo as. A GGG a@lemu@uc jG) O OO OO DOA OO O00. Orme tine Gine eG ncaa eo) . verticalis, Smith, ¢. C. rostrata, Smith. viene, (cr.,.9 : C. bothriophora, Schlett. Robertsonii, Fox. C. chrysogastra, Schlett. . austrina, Fox. C. trichiosoma, Cam., g. . acanthophilus, Ckll. C pilosa, Cam, os. . aequalis, Prov. C. scapularis, Schlett. . simulans, Sauss., ¢. C. thermophila, Schlett. Montezuma, Cam., ¢. C. graphica, Smith, 2. “tolteca, Sauss., 9 ¢. €. sonorensis; Cam.,¢.- strigosa, Cam., 9. Dipesmus, Dahlbom. . Maximiliani, Sauss., 2. D. binodis, Spin., 2 7. . aurecfascialis, Cam. Subfamily I1.—PAilanthine . geniculata, Cam., 2. CLYPEODON, Patton. » feralis,, Cam, - C. quadrinotatus, Ashm., 9. . Chiriquensis, Cam., @. C. concinnulus, Ckll. . flavomaculata, Cam., 2. C. anglesius, Ashm. otomia, Sauss., 9 2. APHILANTHOPS, Patton ; . flavida,-Cam., 2 ¢. A. Elsiz, Dunn. . marginata, Cam., ?. A. frigidus, Smith. . subfrigidus, Dunn. . taurulus, Ckll. . Coquilletti, Ashm. . hispidus, Fox. .laticinctus, Cr, A. Bakeri, Dunn. . Foxii, Ashm. . nevadensis, Cr. (Philanthus), . imperialis, Sauss. A. marginipennis, Cam., ¢. . exsecta, Smith. A. punctifrons, Cam., @. . Esau, Schlett. EREMIASPHECIUM, Kohl. . acolhua, Sauss., ¢. PuHILOPONUS, Kohl, . curvicornis, Cam., ¢. EPIPHILANTHUS, Ashmead. hebes, Cam., ¢. (1) E. solivagus, Say. . azteca, Sauss., ?. (2) E. Sandbornii, Cr. . tepaneca, Sauss., 2. PSEUDANTHOPHILUuS, Ashmead. . erythropoda, Cam., ¢. (1) P. ventralis, Fabr. {HE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 297 2 P. fromtalis. Cr A. scelestus, Cr. ? P. xanthostigma, Cam., 9. A. dubius, Cr. ? P. maculifrons, Cam., ¢. A. sublimis, Cr. ? P. multimaculata, Cam., ¢. PHILANTHUS, Fabricius. ANTHOPHILUuS, Dahlbom. P. bilunatus, Cr. A. politus, Say. Tracuypus, Klug. A. albifrons, Cr. T. mexicanus, Sauss, A. flavifrons, Cr. T. punctifrons, Cam., ¢. A. pacificus, Cr. T.. hirticgeps, Cams. & : A. albopilosus, Cr. T. gracilis Game. Gh. Famity XXI.—Trypoxylide. This family has usually been classified with the family Crabronide, with which it has no affinity whatever, its affinities being closest to the Larride, through som, and to the Philanthidz through Zrachypus; but is readily separated from both by the characters made use of in my table of families. Trypoxylon, the type of the family, was probably classified, by the older entomologists, with the Crabronide on account of its elongate, narrow form, and its petiolate, clavate abdomen, which gives it a super- ficial resemblance to the Crabronid genus AAopalum. Structurally, however, it has no relations whatever with this or allied genera, differing widely in the structure of the head and in the venation of both pairs of wings. Only two genera are known, separable as follows : Table of Genera. Front wings with two cubital cells, the second usually indistinctly defined ; eyes deeply emarginate within. Median and submedian cells in front wings of an equal length, the transverse median nervure being interstitial with the basal nervure ; first recurrent nervure interstitial with the first trans- verse cubitus or nearly, the second recurrent received by the second cubital cell before the middle..... Aulacophilus, Smith. Median cell in front wings distinctly longer than the submedian, the transverse median nervure joining the median vein before the origin of the basal nervure ; first recurrent nervure uniting with the cubitus before the first transverse cubitus ; second recurrent nervure rarely distinctly defined, usually indicated by a fuscous line or streak...............Trypoxylon, Latreille. 298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. North American Species. AULACOPHILUS, Smith. T. Strtatum, Prov. TRYPOXYLON, Latreille. T. sulcus, La Munyon. T. politum, Say. T. unicolor, Beauy. =—albitarse, Auct. T. centrale, Cam. ==neglectum, Kohl. T. cinereum, Cam. T. albipilosum, Fox. T. mexicanum, Sauss. T. excavatum, Say. T. aztecum, Sauss. T. projectum, Fox. T. lactitarse, Sauss. T. apicalis, Fox. T. luteitarse, Sauss. T. frigidum, Smith. T. carinifrons, Cam. T. bidentatum, Fox. T. fulvispina, Cam. T. rubricinctum, Pack. T. fulvipes, Cam. T. rufozonalis, Fox. T, balteatum; Cam.;\ 9%: T. arizonense, Fox. T. apicipenne, Cam. T. californicum, Sauss. T. cinereo-hirtum, Cam., ? . T. spinosum, Cam., 2 6. T. fasciventre, Cam, 2. T. texense, Sauss. T. sonorense, Cam. T. collinum, Smith. T. cornigerum, Cam. T. carinatum, Say. T. chichimecum, Sauss. T. Johnsonii, Fox. T. toltecum, Sauss. T. ornatipes, Fox. T. palliditarse, Cam. T. fastigium, Fox. T. rugifrons, Cam. T. pennsylvanicum, Sauss. Famity XXII.—Mellinide. This family, as well as those which are to follow, is distinguished from all of the preceding families by having two apical spurs on the middle tibie. From the other families having this character in common, namely, the Nyssonide, Stizide, Sphegide, and Ampulicide, it could only be con- fused with the family Nyssonide, subfamily Gorytine. Unquestionably, the Mellinidee and the Nyssonidx have had a com- mon origin and are exceedingly closely allied, but I believe both exhibit certain structural peculiarities, of taxonomic value, that justify one in keeping them separate and in treating them as distinct families. In the Mellinide the first abdominal segment is usually long, petioli- form, and coarctate, or always with a decided constriction between the first and second segments, the intermediate cox are contiguous, while the mesosternal suture is usually entirely wanting. In the Nyssonide, on the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 299 ——— contrary, the first abdominal segment may be long, but it is never coarc- tate, and there is never a constriction between it and the second seg- ment, the middle cox are not quite so close together, and, as a rule, the mesosternal suture is distinct or represented by a strong carina which separates the mesosternum from the mesopleura. If this last character 1s not present, other quite distinct characters separate them. The genera falling in this family may be distinguished by the use of the following table : Table of Genera. Cubitus in hind wings originating deyond the transverse median MET VATE al Reet Oe eve ek dss 350 I eee Bes ager rails Cubitus in hind wings ¢énterstitial with the transverse median 122 e\/|Lig oes di 0 ee NS Aaa oi Anh J BEN a Pele Cubitus in hind wings originating Jdefore the transverse median nervure. Front wings with the second cubital cell receiving both recurrent WMEUVIIFES peer enciatels By STCey ofo Sh eA RAR ee Front wings avith thie first cand Bie pabiel ae each receiving a recurrent nervure; submedian cell a little shorter than the MeGianer Res fata. +.) . Mellinus, Fabr. 2. Submedian’ sell’ a little agen than ting eden Laci eee Reh eae oe Submedian and median cells equal, the transverse median. nervure interstitial with the basal nervure, stigma not well developed, the radius originating from its apex..... Harpactostigma, Ashm., n. g. (Type H. velutinus, Spin.) 3. Stigma well developed, rounded off at apex, the radius originating before its apex or near the middle, eyes very large, strongly con- vergent anteriorly on the clypeus. First recurrent nervure received by the second cubital cell at its middle; abdomen with the dorsal segments depressed at apex. are Swed . Entomosericus, Dahlb. First recurrent nervure ‘received by the second cubital cell before the middle ; abdomen with the dorsal segments not depressed at apex, normal. ba NP sk! -Megalomma, Smith. 4. Stigma only moderately developed, the radius originating from its apex ; submedian cell a little longer than the median ; ; second cubital cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; triangular area of metathorax well defined, striated ; scutellum with a crenuiate furrow across the DES Ce er re Ce ae o 5 o.oo so POMC IITMNUSs A SIITe sw. ey (Type G, rufocinctus, Fox.) 300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5. 6. Front wings with the second cubital cell receiving both recurrent NEMVUEESO .. ie. os aes Sole Sag shia 9! Front wings with the first ane seceneth babital te each receiving a recurrent nervure, or the first recurrent is interstitial with the first transverse cubitus ; stigma well developed, the radius originating from its middle ; median and submedian cells equal, the transverse median nervure interstitial with the basal; tibiz stout, clavate, spinous, the inner spur of hind tibie dilated... .. Euspongus, Lepel. Submedian and median cells equal; stigma large or well developed, the radius originating before its apex ; hind tibiz short, stout, spinous, the tarsi of normal length. ayoks aa Pe v oat eet eae ze Submedian cell a little ess thal the wiediwn stigma not well devel- oped, the radius originating from its apex ; 9 with a distinct tarsal comb ; hind legs long, their tarsi fully twice as long as the tibiz. Head with the eyes not convergent on the clypeus, but convergent posteriorly ; abdomen not or scarcely longer than the head and thorax united, the first segment strongly coarctate, dorsal seg- ments zzthout white pubescent bands at AOR sae ye aoe waste. oS tease ae AEN OGAStra, nS Mme sabes, (Type G. mellinoides, Fox.) Head with the eyes convergent on the clypeus, divergent pos- teriorly ; abdomen longer than the head and thorax united, the first segment long, petioliform, subcoarctate, the dorsal segments banded with a whitish pubescence at APEX ig u sk eits a eee tee ee Eke palomelinus,-7\ sitll ete e. (Type G. eximius, Prov.) North American Species. MELLINUS, Fabr. (1) H. rufocinctus, Fox, ¢. (1) M. abdominalis, Cr., ? 2. (2) (2) (Ee picens- idk... (2) M. bimaculatus, Pack., 9 3. (6) Eusponcus, Lepeletier. (3) M. rufinodus, Cr.,? ¢. (1) E. bipunctatus, Say.,? ¢. (4) M. pygmaeus, Handl.,? ¢. (2) E. Championi, Cam., ?. (5) Miealpestris, Cam, 9. (7) Ore1a, Radoszkowski. (6) M. obscurus, Hdl. 9. (8) Mretirnocasrra, Ashmead. HarPactosticmMa, Ashmead. (1) M. mellinoides, Fox, 2. EnvromoseEricus, ‘Dahlbom. (9) HapaLoME-iinus, Ashmead. MEGALOMMA, Smith. (1) “Hi, eximius, Prov., 2g: HYPOMELLINUS, Ashmead, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 301 A NEW SPECIES OF TINGITID. BY OTTO HEIDEMANN, U. S. DEPT, OF AGRICULTURE, WASHINGTON, D. C. Among the interesting species of Heteroptera which have been sent to the Division of Entomology by correspondents during the present season was a species of Tingitide which has not hitherto been described. In accordance with an established custom of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the following description is submitted for publication in a periodical journal in preference to publishing itin a Departmental bulletin. Gargaphia angulata, 0. sp. Oblong, narrower than other species of the genus Gargaphia, yellowish-white, translucent ; body black beneath; posterior part of the rostral groove at the metasternum transverse. Head black, with three white, short but rather thick, obtuse spines in front between the antenne. Antenne slender, finely ciliated, testaceous, apicai joint blackish; basal joint nearly twice as long as joint two ; joint three very long, about four times as long as the apical. Pronotum dark, with three carinz; the interspaces closely and finely punctate ; the carine moderately foliaceous, testaceous, the median carina posteriorly whitish, tapering toward the apex of the reticulated membranous triangular portion of the pronotum; the membranous pronotal margin raised and moderately wide,angularly dilated behind the middle, with two rows of areoles at the narrow portion and with three areoles at the widest part, the areoles infuscated; pronotal hood small, oblong, somewhat compressed, with a sharp carina at the top, slightly projecting in front, leaving the eyes free; the hood, the three carine and the edge of the pronotal margin densely fringed with long, soft hairs. Hemelytra extending far beyond the abdomen, oblong-oval, broadly rounded at the apex, the sides abruptly converging to the base ; subcostal and discoidal areas closely reticulated, the subcostal biseriate, the discoidal area comparatively narrow and not reaching the middle of the hemelytra, with three series of areoles at the widest part; the costal area rather broad, the areoles of irregular size, more or less hexagonal, except those along the exterior margin, which are either pentagonal or quadrate ; the sutural area, but not the inner basal portion of it, has a few quite large areoles ; three or four oblique blackish nervures at the costal area, and also some slightly darkened nervures at the apex of the hemelytra. Legs testaceous, with the tarsi blackish at the tip. Onthe rounded oval external genital plate of the male there is on both sides near the base a deep sunken point, the claspers at the apex are stout and hairy. Length, 3.4; width, 1.6 millim, 302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Described from several specimens found at Auburn, Ala., and District of Columbia (Heidemann). Type, No. 4371, U.S. Nat. Museum, from Auburn, Ala.