: | ate sete gtets ttt : isye cesta Bytes BAM : re® + : the of 7 ayy ay fries eteyt “ye ort ah ahah | Speers er) ; Spebshatarete te es 33 St soastose i - 3°36 41% ‘ ‘ ; J Piet eh dati ot? ‘ ard iz ayer ves bebe rt, 7 . . +i + * i* . . + 2, o WN ap wk Se) * te od r r 4) I By “ly : Xe en 7 ‘i oi? 2) x Paaty Dek tus *, 3. A . “ 33 OX Rio Yr 0 an? OZ k OS 3% Yao Fae Von Ko RS aclive O 7 RETURN TO bp LIBRARY OF MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY an WOODS HOLE, MASS. Wh LOANED BY AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY REL ES eS sen POSS we een m6: sate Bote oe oe ts! we, a or ao es ne BE alas bie a WD Ret ; Bee or de FW pe woyy ee -_ a oie winded oe * > 4 al oF “ i, = o . en : a ? . : * ay \ M ‘ wy . ve bs : y ; < ms e . * te . * \ ¥ 4 é 6 . 4 - ‘ . é é ‘ ~ of VOL U NEM eear ir: 1909. EDITED BY Rees. Bethune, M.A. DiC Le FRSC: Professor of Entomology, ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH. Assisted by ALBERT F. WINN, Westmount, P. Q. EDITING COMMITTEE : H. H. Lyman, Montreal ; J. D. Evans, Trenton ; Prof. Lochhead, Macdonald College, P.Q.; and J. B. Williams, Toronto. London, Ontario: The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited, 1909. , . | ‘y ’ 3 a ' Lb ere ‘ a .y is : : H Xp, é i Wh ; . “ y \ 4 ; j ‘ 4 ’ my ty e \ A 2 nf } a t Aa, f ins pane / ‘Paine 7 vy BPor % : 1 y ban 5 pe Ok tien Pee Le Rin , ‘ we. = 7 ie oh Oa VM : ie LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XLI. INS hE Cae Ne Bureanvol Entomology: . saeetierns cdeeeenceiees WASHINGTON, D. C. ALDRICH, PROFESSOR J. M., University of Idaho...... ..... Moscow, Ipano. BAM Een Het oe oh SRR E Eee oo ciomcoanoauanrneeer Locan, Urau. BAINES we NIASIFEVAUIN se oto rctecrslelolsifs elcad o.2 cise « « SRB enayetes a ete rele Siete East Farts Cuurcu, Va. BERGR OMG DR aE osm lareie/cte bie sis ec! Se Bras un isle natecnes FitrcusurG, Mass. BETHUNE-BAKER, GEORGE L., ‘‘ Edgbaston”............... BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND. BETHUNE, REV. PROF. C.J.S. (The Editor), Ont. Agric. College.GUELPH, ONTARIO. 183122) Doll o 0 Dy 2 Gee ae eect SC SSE AeA EEE to Oe crolcon ona c cease Rye, N. Y. BOWDITCH, FRED. C BROOKLINE, Mass. BRADEEY,, J: GHESEER, Cornell Universityae-.es.eee asec se: IrHaca, N. Y. BRAUN, MISS ANNETTE F., University of Cincinnati........... CINCINNATI, OHIO. 132) 1c UG Dp s Gants (ees MonG. Coe Hee Con ae “cb boRopeat aaa acs Newark, N. J. BROADWEE LS oW) Me Heo. 3 hocscccs. 2 soo trete ten eiteserise errs Newark, N. J. BRODIE. DRAWM:, Educational Museunnt. . eccescns-tenuiee cae TORONTO, ONT. 1531 Po Ofintt Od DAD! Oy ) DPS ee GE ee ont EIR oe aR ear any Aaa ae Catcutta, INpDIA. BUENO WE ROD EAR RORRIB homie esas aebeenesars cet tseeaneets New York. CAS ENE COLONEMAHOMASII .. . deter can denen meen WasuinotTon, D. C. CAUDETEE, VAGIN., UsiSNational-Museum. (y5.24. snes eee eee WasuHincton, D. C. CEAMIBEIRICUNGY UATE PIMs Wate c aren sists syoteirs +.» sletave a aiahe tists siataterecsieeits Provo, Uran. GCHEMENGE:AVICRO Rie ek eee cee 's ae aay aie Bioersieleielt srk PASADENA, CALIF. COCKERELL, PROF. T. D. A., University of Colorado.......... BouLpDER, CoLo. COOKS JOHN: State! Normali€ollezes.. Gere soceartasie ce ae eee ALBany, N. Y. COORTIDGE KART GRU. ® ; | asieetiy as Wales | COeREI cae awagie Pato AtLTo, CaLir. COOUIELEDT,, D: W.,, USS) National Museum), ee -eme. sce: WasuINGTON, D. C. GRAWFORD, J. C., Bureau of Entomology ................... . Wasuineton, D. C. CROSBYAIGYRUS*S CornellUniversity)-2).0 cece ere een ea IrHaca, N. Y. TDA TIS SAAN art oP ta a ae 8 We Oe iL haope Oe ae New BriGuHTOoN, St. Ist., N. Y. DUS PAINE ven lee editor of mhe: Zoologistermadecesse ne ceeisiane Lonpon, ENGLAND. DOANE keV e. Stantord) University vss 2: sco clue eerenle eines CALIFORNIA. DiVNRoORenHenG.. Wes. National Milsetimees io cseelecseen vee WasuinctTon, D. C. EASTHAM, J W., Ontario Agricultural College................ GUELPH, ONT. DETER UNIS PN PEON DT O)) RX Cul Dh SEB Wipe oa Aen ae See ae ers ceeeide ne PITTSBURG, Pa. ESVAAIEN Gomi dye Eide Uh Parse ich tee als aele rae o ates cre Ve ae Sie Raters Susleisteleselsys MarsHaA tt, ILL. LEYLA Ge TBs Cae ae eset cet ae ie Ori ha nee SIE PaSADENA, CALIF. SEINWAETS WeAy litera eterna eee cecee elala caus Meeea lan nets lag alaie nate PASADENA. CALIF. GAHAN WACUB: Maryland Expt (Station)... .g8ec- 4 se)..: MMe Spe Santee yey sere MOontTREAL, QUE. MAGGILLIVRAY, PROF. ALEX. D., Cornell University ........ Iruaca, N. Y MITZMAIN. M. B., Lab. for Plague Suppressive Measures..... Sawn Francisco, Carir, MORRIS, FRANK J. A.. Trinity College School................. Port Hope, Onr. ISTE NAY CLO RYN SBOE Se oh, BEN RE eR, Aree Derroit, MiIcu. NEWCOMER, ERVAL J......... ki slatciete.s + MMS shecais elaie erapeulere dace Pato ALto, CALIF, PATCH. MISS -EDITH M., Maine Agric. Exp. Station ........ Orono, Marne. REARSAL PAVED AT DME Mts tes ee Ame BROOKLYN, N. Y. PROUD LOUISEB nan SER echoes: « Seeieetn’s. «s,s Be Siar eas oe Lonpon, ENGLAND. ROBBINS Wa was. coeee em eee. «.. . Seis at ast Mera hec ee BouLpER, Coto. ROHWER, S. A., Bureau of Entomology..........:........00--- Wasuincton, D. C. SUZANNE ie) to sD Ae ee 5 Scott ans eter SNR sc: « « MRM aeons cto ase tye Macponatp Cor.kce, P. QO. SANA OH Ret CLAN. Ga Benn Soar h ei AS oe MOO RAPIRRE.o uc Un eee one Eee Boston, Mass. AVI OR RE View Gas Wey iolopical’ Station ees. .).os sn ee: f.. Departure Bay, Nanarmo, B.C. TOWNSEND, C. H. T., Gypsy Moth Commission..........5.... MELROsE HErGHTs, Mass. WANT DUA BBP Grosvenor iuibrary...... steno: nectesde beet Burrato, N, Y. WALKER, DR. E. M., University of Toronto..................-- Toronto, ONT. DVVCANIES ON EURCAIN Ke Bed saree oivamer tcl cte sts, | Aenea oiates sole cislerats ALBaNny, N. Y. WEBSTER, PROF. F. M., Bureau of Entomology................ WasuincrTon, D. C. WICKHAM, PROF. H. F., University of Iowa...... ..........- Iowa City, Iowa. WILSON, H. F.. U.S. Bureau of Entomology.................. WasuinoTon, D. C. NVUUNING SATE BIB Rote Bip ierre rcoten ahi. |. aman rr IM ae BE Westmount. P. Q. Fos INP ALAA 22) 8 O11 7) (122 Ee ee et a ea SR eee Sr. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. The C anatiay Fntomalogist Vor XE GUELPH, JANUARY, 19009. No. 1. PRACTICAL AND POPULAR ENTOMOLOGY.—No. 26. THE PREPARATION OF BEETLES FOR THE MICROSCOPE. BY H. F. WICKHAM, IOWA CITY, IOWA. Twenty-five years ago the use of the compound microscope in the study of beetles was comparatively uncommon, nearly all collectors being satisfied to do what they could with a hand lens and to take the rest on trust, sending the majority of their smaller captures to some ‘‘authority” whose word must necessarily be law. There is now a decided and grow- ing tendency in America to break away from the traditional method of obtaining names, and this feeling is reflected in several letters received from correspondents asking information on matters of technic. The accompanying notes are offered as an outline which may be followed at light expense by any one who has access to a microscope, and while no originality is claimed for the processes, they are presented in this form in hope that they may benefit some student who has not the privilege of studying under professional supervision, and who is without rnanuals on microscopical methods. While capable of extension and modification in many directions, the plan here outlined suffices for all ordinary study of external structures so far as they concern the present-day classification of Coleoptera. Larve may be prepared in the same way. Such structures as those pertaining to the sclerites of the ventral surface, the main points of sculpture and vestiture, the insertion and general form of the antennz, and even the shape and armature of the mentum may be made out with comparatively little difficulty in all but the smallest beetles by any one who has a good hand lens and who will take pains to compare these structures as illustrated by a few identified forms with those he desires to investigate. In other words, progress should be from the known to the unknown rather than the taking up of the latter as a distinct proposition. Ordinarily the parts requiring investigation under high power are the legs and antenne of small species, with the aim of determining accurately the number and proportions of the joints, the extent of anchylosis, and so on; the mouth-parts of even the larger bo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. species ; occasionally the spiracles are of great interest, though but little studied, while the sculpture and markings of the elytra are sometimes beautifully brought out by rendering them transparent and examining by transmitted light. It is well worth the time of any entomologist to study closely under higher powers the mouth-parts and other appendages of even the larger beetles, as he gains in this way a familiarity with the normal appearance of these structures in various groups, and the interpretation of generic and specific characters in more obscure types becomes a matter of less difficulty. If one has dissected a large number of insects and studied them carefully, he is the better qualified for understanding the visible portions of those forms that are too rare to be cut up or whose integuments are so thick and clumsy as to be unavailable for balsam mounts. For dissection, alcoholic specimens are usually preferable to dry ones, but the latter may be prepared readily by relaxing in the ordinary manner in a softening dish or by soaking for a few minutes in hot water. The principal objection to the use of dried specimens is that such material is more likely to be dusty and to give trouble in getting clean mounts, or else to contain so much air as to make extra work in getting rid of the resultant bubbles. The tools needed are few. A pair of fine forceps, a slender-pointed scalpel, and a pair of small scissors with sharp, delicate blades are required, and may be obtained from any dealer in microscopical supplies. These may be supplemented by a couple of dissecting needles, made by cutting off the heads of two insect pins and forcing the blunt ends into handles of soft wood, about the size of ordinary penholders. The needles are useful in holding specimens while cutting. A block of clean soft wood, against which to cut when separating the insect members, will be found convenient and will preserve the edge of the scalpel. The chemicals required are: (1) a small bottle of 15% aqueous solution of caustic potash ; (2) a quantity of commercial alcohol, which runs about 90% ; (3) some absolute alcohol ; (4) clearing fluid, which may be oil of cloves, or, if preferred, a mixture made by adding pure spirits of turpentine to an equal quantity of liquefied crystals of carbolic. acid ; (5) some hard (dried) Canada balsam dissolved in enough pure benzole to make a freely-flowing fluid. This should be kept in the special balsam bottle sold for the purpose, and may be thinned with more benzole as it becomes thicker with age. The dishes in which the chemical treatments are THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 carried on should be of some type that is easily covered, for protection of the contents from dust and evaporation, and for the sake of economy should be small. Those known as watch glasses answer well, but deeper glass dishes with separate covers are preferable. The potash mixture may be had at any drug store, the absolute alcohol, clearing fluid, and balsam, as well as the dishes, may be purchased from any good supply house for microscopical materials. Slides and cover-glasses for the mounts are to be procured at the same places. In dissecting beetles, the following sequence has been found con- venient, though it may be varied in some cases. As each part is cut off it should be placed at once in a dish of clean water. 1. Take off the legs, being careful not to destroy the coxa if it is desired to include that joint in the mount. 2. Remove the elytra and hind wings if they are wanted, otherwise they may be left on the specimen, unless abdominal dissections are required, 3. If the spiracles are to be examined, take the scissors and separate the lower part of the abdomen from the upper, cutting along just below the sharp lateral edge. As a rule the spiracles are found in the upper portion, the lower may usually be discarded. 4. Cut off the head. Remove the antenne carefully by digging them out of the cavities in such a way as not to injure the basal joints. Take off the mandibles by forcing each one outward with the point of a heavy pin until it comes loose at the articulation. Now split the head by forcing the tip of the scalpel (which should be long and slender) into the posterior foramen or neck, opening and cutting through one side against the soft wooden block, afterwards turning the instrument over and cutting through the other side. This will separate the top of the head from the lower half. Remove the labrum from the upper half. From the lower the maxiliz may now easily be dissected, since their baszs are exposed from above, and the labium may be trimmed loose from the remaining tissues. Frequently the mentum is so thick that it is better to study it with a hand lens and to be content with detaching the ligula and palpi for the microscope. Throughout the process of dissection care must be taken not to allow the specimen to dry, or it will become brittle and permeated with air bubbles. The parts may safely be left in water for a day or two, or they may be started immediately on the processes leading up to the final mounting, the steps being as follows: 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1. Place the specimens (except the hind wings, which should not be treated thus) in a dish containing some of the potash solution. This substance disintegrates the muscular and other body tissues quite rapidly, but affects the chitinous framework on which our classifications are based, but very slowly, though the dissolution of enclosed pigments renders the hard parts more transparent. The objects must remain in the potash until they are sufficiently softened to permit of the muscular debris being removed easily and the chitin rendered fairly clear. In many instances this will require but a few hours, or it may take several days, the length of time depending on the thickness, solidity and -pigmentation of the dissection. The true way of judging is through experience, which is soon gained. Ordinarily considerable latitude may be allowed the time of immersion, a few hours more cor less making little difference in the majority of cases. The mouth-parts of most beetles should be soaked at least twenty-four hours, the legs somewhat longer, while the mandibles and elytra are still more refractory. If it is desired to hasten the process the solution may be kept warm, but on the whole it is preferable to carry on all operations at the natural temperature of the room. 2. ‘l'ake the specimens out of the potash and lay them in a dish of clean soft water. By pressure with the finger-tip carefully squeeze out the fluid remains of the internal organs, muscles, and so on, being particular to direct the discharge through a natural opening or through one of the orifices where the member was amputated. Place for a short time in another dish of clean water to get rid of most of the remaining potash. 3. Change the dissections to a dish of commercial alcohol. The hind wings may now be added and carried through the rest of the stages along with the other pieces. Leave in the alcohol for at least several minutes, or until some convenient time when the next change may be made. 4. Remove to absolute acohol, ‘This is for the sake of getting rid of all traces of water, since future successes depend largely upon thorough dehydration. Give the specimens plenty of time, several hours if con- venient, since no damage arises from prolonged immersion. 5. Transfer the parts to clearing fluid. Let them remain in this for several hours, since in thick specimens the process of permeation is slow. Thin structures will clear in a few minutes, but if the work is hurried the balsam is likely to be clouded when the object is mounted. 6. Take one of the glass slips upon which the final mount is to be made, and, after carefully cleaning it, place in the middle a large drop of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 balsam. With fine forceps lift the dissections from the clearing fluid and arrange them in the drop in approximately the order you wish to preserve. If necessary apply a little more balsam, then put on a clean cover-glass, pressing it lightly into place. Should too little balsam have been used more may be run in under the edge of the cover by capillary attraction, while any surplus should be left on the slide until dry. Care should be taken to select parts of about the same thickness for each mount, since thick objects like mandibles sometimes hold the cover so far off from smaller parts that these latter will twist and turn before the balsam hardens enough to hold them in place. If it is desired to support the cover in any place, to keep it from rocking out of level, small pieces of glass may be employed, since they are not conspicuous among the dissections. Any disarrangement of the objects may be corrected by inserting a very fine pin under the cover-glass and moving them into the required positions. When everything is satisfactorily placed, set the slide away in some safe spot, where it will lie flat until the balsam hardens. This hardening may be hastened by gentle heat, such as is afforded by a radiator, but the balsam is likely to become discoloured if allowed to get too warm. The process of hardening may not be completed before several weeks, but when it is satisfactorily finished the surplus may be scraped off with a sharp knife and the slide carefully washed with acohol applied on a rag. If this leaves a misty scum, breathe on the glass and polish with a soft cloth, taking care not to tear off the cover-glass and the mount. In final storage the slides should always lie flat, never set them on edge. ‘The manner of labelling may be left to personal-taste, but a convenient method is to paste a square of gummed paper on one end of the slide, writing thereon the necessary data. Dr. Witt1amM Morton WHEELER, who, during the past summer, accepted the professorship of Economic Entomology in Harvard Uni- versity, has recently been appointed honorary Curator of social insects in the American Museum of Natural History, where, until the present year, he had been Curator of the Department of Invertebrate Zoology since 1902. At the close of his term of service at the Museum, he presented to the institution his entire collection of Formicidee—the result of many years of earnest effort and study—a gift of such value as to make the Museum the possessor of the finest collection of its kind in America, and one of the three largest in the world.— Scence. 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. EVERES COMYNTAS—AMYNTULA. In working out the Averes argiades group with Dr. Chapman and Mr. Tutt certain definite specific conclusions have been arrived at. Coretas is distinct from argiades, and decolorata has been shown to be a colour form of the former ; this Mr. Tutt proves conclusively is the case in the October and November numbers of the Entomologists’ Record, recently issued. In dealing with the Indian species Dr. Chapman and I have found that species considered by De Nicéville to be avgiades resolve themselves into at least three species, if not four. Whilst in China and Japan we have the meeting place of both the European species and the Indian species almost ina state of flux. Argiades and a variety certainly occur there ; farrhasias occurs in Japan, @/pora apparently occurs in China, though we require a little more material to settle the question, and without going into the species occurring in the Malay Region and Australia, which are now well known, we are left in a state of some uncertainty with those obtaining in the Nearctic Region. Comyntas is a very close ally of arg/ades,; in fact, from the genitalia, we should hardly be justified in separating them ; amyntu/a appears to be a form going along the lines that coretas has gone over, but as yet not having gone so far, perhaps, but in England we suffer from a lack of material to enable us to investigate the matter. This, therefore, is the object of my note, Will Canadian entomologists help us? Will any American entomologists who may read these words also help us? If so, we shall be most grateful. I shall be glad to purchase (or to makea return by way of exchange) as much material from different localities as I can get. I am desirous of obtaining all the forms allied to comyntas, and I should like to have specimens from East and West, from North and South, from the Central States ; in fact, from as many localities as possible. I should then be able to deal with the whole group in, I hope, a satisfactory manner, and I trust by the correspondence that may possibly ensue with our fellow-observers acress the water that some new and perchance unrecorded facts concerning the life-histories of the species may be brought to light—Gegorce I. BeruuneE-BakeEr, 19 Clarendon Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England. WE REGRET to learn from Science (Dec. 11, 1908) that “Mr. A. H, KIRKLAND, Superintendent of the Massachusetts State work against the Gypsy and Brown-tail moths, has resigned his office.” THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. i LEPIDOPTEROUS GALLS COLLECTED IN THE. VICINITY OF TORONTO. BY DR. WM. BRODIE, TORONTO. Guorimoserema ( Gelechia) Gallaesolidaginis, Riley. (The Low Solidago Gall.) Galls usually on the lower third of the stems of S. Canadensis, occasionally on the upper third, rarely at the summit of the stem. The galls vary in form from spindle form to prolate and oblate spheroid ; and in size from 10x 21 mm. to 18 x 30 mm. When young the producer larvee are confined in small cells, but when mature the cells are large, retaining the form of the exterior of the gall, the larvee moving freely about feeding on the interior surface. ~ Some observers say the interior of the gall is lined with silk. I have never found this, but preparatory to the exit, the mature larva before pupating constructs a silken hammock in the upper end of the gall, at right angles to the axis of the gall, and opposite the aperture of exit. The larva resting in this hammock bites out a hole to the epidermis of the gall, which is carefully left. This hole is bevelled towards the outside, and then neatly filled up with the material gnawed out, mixed with a silk- like substance, doubtless from a gland, which forms a tight-fitting, hard plug which cannot be pushed in from the outside, but is easily pushed out from the inside. The mature pupa places itself on the hammock, and using a part of it as a fulcrum, pushes out the plug, and enters on mature life. A fair instance of the mental make-up of insects evidences two important attributes of mind, memory and choice. I have kept up a somewhat continuous acquaintance with this common Solidago gall, its producer, and parasites since the summer of 1856. I have found it in Essex, London, Owen Sound, Bruce Peninsula, Manitoulin, St. Catharines, Napanee, Temagami and Algonquin Park. It is common in Muskoka, we may say common throughout Ontario. Although most common on S, Canadensis, it is occasionally found on S. nemoralis and S. serotina. From Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta I had galls sent to me collected from some species of Solidago, which in structure were similar to Toronto galls. But as I failed in rearing producers, identity was uncertain, although the parasites were the same as Toronto species. Records of annual collections of galls, from 1876 to 1896, showed the time of emergence of the producers to be from about Aug. 20 to Sept. T, in each year. January, 1909 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In a collection of over roo galls, made about 12 miles east of the city, from Sept. 1 to Sept. 15, 1886, all the producers had emerged. About 50% of the galls were parasitized, principally by G. gedlechiae. These, from 12 to 20 pairs from each infested gall,emerged during the last week of September and the first week of October, 1886. I find they always leave the gall before winter. The Pimplas began to emerge April 17, 1887. Seven pupz of an Ichneumonoid were put in a separate jar, the imagoes began to emerge June 1, 1887, but from one pupa there emerged an Ormyrus, proving this Ormyrus to be a secondary. From a collection of galls made at Grimsby in May, 1892, the growth of 1891, Pimp/as emerged from June r to June 13, 1892. At this last date galls of the year were fully grown. The moths pass the winter in some secure dry place, such as under the bark of dead trees. I have kept specimens over winter several times in my cellar, the following season they pair and oviposit on Solidago plants when they are less than half-grown. The most common primary parasites are the ‘Inflating Chalcid,” of Riley ; Copidosomagelechio, of Howard, which emerges the same season, usually in September ; it is not likely they find another host of the season, but hibernate in the imago form. The inflated skin of the producer larva is like a sack full of the larvee and semipupe of the parasite. Two common parasites are Pimpla inguisitor and Pimpla pteralis, the last not quite as common ; and that ubiquitous scourge of leaf-eating insects, Cryptus extrematis, not rare. These, with an /chneumonia, not yet identified, are the primary parasites I have had from this gall. The only secondary parasite which I have found in this gall-life system is that world-wide regulator of life-relationship in the insect world, Dibrachys boucheanus. I found this secondary in the galls collected near Grimsby and in a lot collected near Prescott. ‘he occurrence of this secondary in the Solidago gall may be of much economic importance, for, as Dibrachys is a check on the primary parasitism of the codling moth, the co-host relationship may be favourable to the secondary oz otherwise. The agency of parasitism is powerful, and should not be discounted by economic entomologists, and while destroying the injurious, it is wise to utilize the safeguards which nature has provided. It is, unfortunately, true that we know of but few cases in which plant-eating species can be successfully combated while in the imago form. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY S. A. ROHWER, BOULDER, COLO. Paper II (SpEcIES FROM NEBRASKA).* The material upon which this paper is based belongs to the Univer- sity of Nebraska. I wish to thank Mr. H.S. Smith for the loan of the above-mentioned material. In Paper I, p. 180, read Zycaota for Lycasta. Emphytus Gillette, Roh. (Can. ENt., June, 1908, p. 178), equals Emphytus Gillettei, MacG. (Rept. of State Entomologist of Colorado, tg02). This insect is injurious to strawberries around Denver. It was bred by Mr. S. A. Johnson, of Ft. Collins. Commonly called “The Strawberry Saw-fly.” Dolerus femur-rubrum, n. sp.—Q. Length, 8 mm.; length of anterior wing, 7 mm. Head finely, densely punctured, denser on front, sparser on occiput and cheeks; frontal furrows not extending beyond ocelli ; ocelli in an almost equilateral triangle, distance between hind ocelli less than to the nearest eye margin; antenne rather short, third joint a little longer than fourth ; clypeus deeply emarginate, lobes broad ; middle lobe of mesonotum finely, densely punctured, lateral lobes more sparsely so, and more shining; scutellum about as lateral lobes, perhaps a little denser ; scutellar appendage smooth, shining, middle ridge strong ; mesopleura with large punctures ; mesopectus shining, finely punctured ; claws with a small tooth in about middle ; venation normal ; abdomen shining ; sheath obliquely rounded. Colour black; labrum, tegule, pallid; clypeus and apical palpi joints piceous ; abdominal segments 1-6 ferruginous, venter somewhat brownish ; femora rufous (four posterior pairs somewhat brownish), rest of legs dark brown or black ; wings hyaline, nervures and stigma black ; face and thorax with short white pile. Habitat.—West Point, Nebr., June, 1888. Type in Nebraska University. Separated from D. al/bifrons, its nearest ally, by its larger size, the claws with an inner tooth, trochanters and hind tibie being black. It is also somewhat related to D. minusculus, MacG., but the head is without a carina, the lateral lobes of mesonotum are punctured, collar is black, etc. *Paper I was published in the June number (1908) of the CAN, ENT., Vol, XL, pp. 175-180. January, 1909 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, A ¢ from Sioux Co., Nebr., July, may be the male of this species, but Iam not sure. Length, 6 mm.; the lateral lobes of mesonotum are more shining, wings darker, legs below coxe rufous, tarsi infuscated. Dolerus Piercei, n. sp.— Q. Length, 8 mm; length of anterior wing, 8mm. Head rather densely punctured with large punctures, those on the vertex and occiput sparser ; frontal furrows not extending beyond ocelli: head behind a line joining superior orbits raised ; antennz rather stout, third joint a little longer than fourth ; ocelli in a low triangle ; distance between hind ocelli much less than the distance from them to nearest eye margin; clypeus deeply emarginate, lobes broad, rounded ; middle lobe of mesonotum rather densely punctured, lateral lobes more sparsely punctured ; mesopleura punctured as middle lobe of mesonotum ; meso- pectus shining, with some distinct punctures ; scutellum probably more densely punctured than lateral lobes ; scutellar appendage longitudinally striated ; claws with a middle tooth ; venation normal ; abdomen shining, smooth ; sheath concealed more than usual ; cerci robust. Colour rugo- feriuginous ; head, antennz, spot on middle lobe of mesonotum, scutellum and ap, endage, metanotum, not basal plates, mesopectus, lower part of mesopleura, legs, d/ack ; wings dusky hyaline, nervures and stigma intense black ; head (thorax somewhat) with white pile. Habitat.—Lincoln, Nebr., April 1g-02, “Immodelle” (W. D. Pierce). Type in the University of Nebraska. Most closely related to D. bicolor, Beauv., but may be separated by the different sculpture of scutellar appendage, punctures on lateral lobes of mesonotum sparser, head being raised behind eyes, black on middle lobe of mesonotum, rugous lateral lobes, ete. Dolerus simulans, n. sp.—@. Length, 9 mm.; length of anterior wing, 7mm. Front and lower part of face densely punctured (in some places somewhat striato-punctate) ; head behind a line from superior orbits somewhat raised, this part is more sparsely punctured and is shining ; frontal furrows not extending below ocelli ; ocelli in almost an equilateral triangle, the distance between the hind ocelli much less than to the nearest eye margin; antenne rather stout, third joint somewhat longer than fourth ; clypeus deeply, angularly emarginate, lobes pointed ; mesonotum with large, separated punctures ; scutellum with a little larger and denser punctures ; scutellar appendage striated; mesopleura irregularly roughened ; mesopectus shining, evenly punctured throughout ; claws with an inner tooth, in about the middle ; venation normal ; abdomen shining; sheath broad, pointed at upper apical corner ; cerci shorter than sheath, robust ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. agi apex of abdomen with rather long hair. Colour rugo-ferruginous ; head, antenne, scutellum, metathorax (including basal plates, usually), meso- pleura and pectus, legs, two apical segments of abdomen and sheath, black ; wings smoky-hyaline, nervures and stigma black ; head and thorax with white pile. flabitat.—Three 92’s, Florissant, Colo., June and July, 1907, on foliage of Salix brachycarpa; 9°, Boulder, Colo., May 12, 1907, on foliage of Salix Jluteosericea (S. A. Rohwer); 9, Doleres, Colo.; 9, Silverton. Colo, iJune-20.1892 (Gy... -Gillette),;; 12; 9's, Utes Creek, Costilla Co., Colo., 9,000 ft., June and July, 1907 (H. 5. Smith, L. Bruner, R. W. Dawson); 9, Ft. Garland, Colo., July 12, 1907 (L. Bruner). In some specimens there is a black spot on anterior lobe of meso- notum. The basal plates are sometimes rufous. The wings vary some- what in smokiness. I had confused this with sém7/’s, Nort., but it is quite distinct, easily separated by these characters: The rufous lateral lobes of mesonotum, entirely black legs, having the mesonotum more closely punctured. Dolerus Coloradensis, Cress —I have seen 6 ¢’s from Ute Creek, Costilla Co., Colo., 9,000 ft., July 9 to 23, 1907 (L. Bruner and R. W. Dawson), which I have called the male of Coloradensis. It may be briefly described as follows: Length, 9 mm.; structure as in 9; black; first five abdominal segments rufous ; wings rather dark. I have seen 9’s of this species from the above locality, Larimer Co., Colo., and Halself, Nebraska, June. The last has the clypeus rufous. Specimens in the Colorado Agricultural College collection, determined by Mr. Harrington as D. tejonensis, Nort., are D. Coloradensis, Cress., so Mr. Weldon’s record of ¢eyonensis from Colorado is a mistake (Can. ENT., Sept. 1, 1907). Scutellum black ; sides of mesopleura above rufous ; cerci black ; scutellum with a good many punctures ; claw-tooth blunt; wings not at all WEWOMIGNE Sees RA... MER ose es . Coloradensts, Cress. Scutellum rufous; mesopleura black; cerci rufous; scutellum almost without punctures ; claw-tooth sharp; wings somewhat VASLUIG LIAS Tete ie eed A. tejonensis, Nort. Schizocerus NVortoni, n. sp.—i¢. Length, 5% mm.; length of anterior wing, 5 mm. Robust. Head narrower than thorax, not very strongly transverse ; eyes prominent, shining, impunctate ; ocelli in a low triangle, distance between the two lateral ocelli about equal to the distance to the nearest eye margin ; frontal furrows indistinct ; ocellar basin almost ji THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. obsolete ; middle carina strong; antenne reaching to about middle of scutellum, third joint bifurcate, clothed with long black ciliz on under side ; clypeus truncate ; thorax smooth, shining, but not highly polished ; scutellum broadly rounded at apex ; first transverse cubitus wanting ; third cubital cell wider at the top than at the bottom ; stigma regularly rounded on lower margin ; lanceolate cell of hind wings longly petiolate ; claws simple ; posterior femora robust ; abdomen as usual. Colour black ; mandibles and sides of pronotum piceous; basal plates dull brown ; abdomen, except the apical segment and first dorsal segment, ferruginous ; four anterior legs below knees pallid ; wings dusky-hyaline, nervures and stigma dark brown. Habitat.—Brady Island, on Platte River, Nebraska. Type in the collection of the University of Nebraska. This species has its nearest ally in S. drunniventris, Cress., but is larger, the tegulz are black, venation is brown, abdomen ferruginous, etc. Dedicated to the author of the most extensive work on North American Saw-flies. Schizocerus lineatus, n. sp.— 2. Length, 6 mm.; length of anterior wing, 5 mm. Rather robust. Head narrower than thorax, not strongly narrowly transverse ; eyes prominent, shining, polished ; frontal furrows well defined, broadest where they curve around the ocellar basin ; ocellar basin quite distinct, walls rounded, pointed at lower margin; middle carina high, sharp ; antennal fovez large ; antenne with some black down ; clypeus slightly emarginate ; ocelli in a low triangle; thorax shining ; claws simple ; posterior femora rather robust; posterior tibize about a third longer than their tarsi; first transverse cubital present ; third cubital cell wider at the top than the bottom; second recurrent nervure inter- stitial with second transverse cubitus (in one wing it is received in the second cubital cell) ; abdomen shining ; sheath almost entirely concealed. Colour black; mandibles and ocelli piceous; pronotum, tegule, lateral lobes of mesonotum, sometimes sides of anterior lobe, line on side of abdomen reddish-yellow; four anterior legs below the knees, base of posterior tibie ye//owish-white; wings hyaline, nervures brown, venation rather weak. Habitat.— Geneva, Nebraska. Co-types in the collection of Univer- sity of Nebraska and in the author’s collection. A very distinct species, easily known by its size and the pale yellow- red on the sides of the abdomen. The black of the abdomen varies to pale brown. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 Schizocerus collaris, n. sp.— 2. Length, 4 mm.; length of anterior wing, 34% mm. Head narrower than thorax, not transverse ; eyes more spherical than usual, shining, impunctate ; ocelli in a low triangle, distance between the two lateral ones about equal to the distance to the nearest eye margin ; frontal furrows broad, distinct, coming up as high as lateral ocelli; ocellar basin distinct, walls rounded; middle carina strong ; antenne clothed with short hair; antennal fovee large, especially in supraclypeal area ; clypeus truncate ; thorax shining ; scutellum obtusely pointed at apex ; claws simple ; hind tibize about a third longer than their tarsi; first transverse cubitus wanting, second recurrent interstitial, or almost so, with second transverse cubitus ; stigma broad at base, tapering to apex ; lanceolate cell of hind wings wanting ; abdomen shining, sheath well concealed. Colour: head black; thorax and abdomen dark brown ; mandibles and ocelli piceous ; pronotum, tegule, line on side of abdomen, reddish-yellow ; four anterior legs below knees and base of posterior tibiz pallid ; posterior femora, trochanters and cox almost black, rest of legs brown ; wings hyaline, venation brown. Hfabitat.—Antonito, Conejos Co., alt. 7,888 ft., Colorado; also Nebraska, ‘‘office window,” March 24, 1899, and Harlan, Nebr. A @ from Nebraska has the ocellar basin very poorly defined, but otherwise seem to agree. Most closely related to S. /izeatus, Roh,, but is much smaller, and the lateral lobes of the mesonotum are dark brown, not reddish-yellow. FHylotoma nigrescens, 0. sp.— g. Length, 544 mm.; length of anterior wing, 534 mm. Front and occiput subopaque, finely punctured, entire posterior orbits shining, with a few small punctures; frontal furrows distinct, wide and with sloping walls below ocelli; ocelli in a low triangle ; ocellar basin wanting ; middle fovee large, extending almost to lower ocellus, walls sharply defined, broader above than below ; on each side of the broad, high middle carina the supraclypeal area is depressed into a fovea ; clypeus truncate ; third joint of antenne ciliate beneath ; thorax smooth, shining; scutellum obtusely rounded at apex; middle and posterior tibiz with a side spur ; first joint of hind tarsi a little longer than 2+3,; tarsal claws simple; venation normal for members of Section II (Ashm., Can. Ent., 1898) ; abdomen shining. Colour black ; mandibles at apex piceous ; legs beyond femora white; femora dark brown ; basal two-thirds of wing dusky, apical third hyaline, iridescent ; nervures and stigma brown. 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Habitat.—West Point, Nebraska, July 1, 1887, “on plum.” Type in collection of the University of Nebraska. _ The following table separates all the entirely black or blue-black fHylotome of boreal North America : Length, ‘12 Mag Gate ete as 5. eee wey 3, spiculata, MacG. Lenpth, udder tome 20 oS... Maa RS Nees, Bomieed oa I. 1. Colour black ; legs beyond femora pale ; base of wings Gark sii cient ea ene eee Ry,» MMP) 68s re ks nigrescens, Roh. Colour blue-black. eres. » fhe chai Oa ot a 2. Four posterior legs ewer ak; wings vile naa at apex. F es Sos of ace 1 ube ghey ay CORR RMES. 1 OOD Four podteriay on not eentiiely blade wings nialey. ‘sipadice gs aE. 3 3. Four anterior tibiz pale ; costa std yellowish... at dbase iadleu: Four anterior tibiz black ; costa black.... .....:...mentzeli@, Ckil. Hylotoma grandis, n. sp.— 2. Length, 10-12 mm. Robust. Head narrower than thorax, shining, outer orbits and vertex impunctate, front with a few small punctures ; ocelliin a low triangle ; ocellar basin shallow, joining with the elongate middle fovea; middle fovea with well-defined . walls, narrower below ; middle carina broad, streng ; frontal furrows ex- tending as far down as ocelli; antennal foveze elongate, broad, extending downward to clypeus ; antenne subclavate, second joint shorter than first; clypeus circularly emarginate, densely punctured; mandibles broad ; thorax shining ; posterior angles of pronotum sharp; scutellum convex, rounded at apex ; middle and posterior tibize with lateral spurs ; all the tibial spurs simple, sharp ; tarsal claws simple ; basal nervure joining sub- costa basad to origin of cubitus ; stigma widest at base, tapering to apex ; third cubital cell longer on radius than on cubitus ; hind wings normal ; abdomen as usual. Colour cherry-red ; ocelli piceous ; antenne black ; head, pronotum in the middle, tegulz, entire mesonotum, mesopectus; entire metathorax, all the legs, sheath, b/we black ; wings very dark, darkest on anterior margin. : g.—Length, 9 mm. Differs from 2 in having the antenne with small hairs, the ocellar basin slightly separated from middle fovea, the basal nervure joining the subcosta at origin of cubitus. Habitat.—Halsey, Nebr., June, 2 ¢’s, 2 ?’s. Co-types in the col- lection of the University of Nebraska and in the author’s collection. This species is closest to H. humera/is, Beauv., but the abdomen is without black, second joint of the antenne is shorter than the first, the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 third joint of maxillary palpi is not swollen, etc. In the absence of black from the abdomen and other characters it resembles A. miniata, Klug, but the metathorax is blue-black, and all the dark markings of méniata’ are black, while in grandis they are blue-black. Macrophya pulchelliformis, n. sp.— g. Length, 7 mm.; length of anterior wing, 6%, mm. Head narrower than thorax, densely punctured with rather large punctures; ocelli in almost an equilateral triangle, distance between the lateral ocelli much less than the distance to the nearest eye margin ; third antennal joint a little longer than fourth ; eyes distinctly converging, distance between them at the clypeus a little more than the length of the third antennal joint ; clypeus shallowly, squarely emarginate, lobes broad ; mesonotum, scutellum, mesopleura punctured similarly to head ; mesopectus more sparsely punctured ; all tibial spurs simple ; first joint of hind tarsi equal to 2+3+4; claws rather minutely cleft ; stigma broad at base, tapering to apex ; transverse radial between apex on middle of the cell; transverse median between middle and base of cell ; lanceolate cell contracted ; abdomen minutely punctured. Colour black, subopaque ; clypeus, labrum, spot on mandibles (rest piceous) white; posterior angles of pronotum, tegule, small spot on scutellum, stripe on pleura, four anterior legs below apical third of coxe (the four anterior tarsi are somewhat reddish), basal plates, posterior trochanters, femora and tibiz, except at apex, line on outside of posterior coxee, yellow ; apex of abdomen pallid ; wings subhyaline, nervures and stigma brown. Habitat.—Lincoln, Nebr., May.. Type in the collection of the University of Nebraska. This species is nearest pudche//a, Klug, but may be known from it by the coxze being largely black and having the posterior femora entirely yellow. Macrophya sambuct,n. sp.— 2. Length, 7 mm.; length of anterior wing, 7 mm. Short, robust. Head narrower than thorax, closely, coarsely punctured ; ocelli in a rather low triangle ; distance between the lateral ocelli much less than the distance to the nearest eye margin ; third anten- nal joint longer than fourth; eyes converging, the distance between them at the clypeus about the same as the length of antennal joints 2+ 3 ; clypeus with well-separated punctures, rather deeply, squarely emarginate, lobes broad, rounded at apex ; mesonotum and scutellum finely, densely punctured, the sides of the lobes have the punctures larger; pleura with large, close punctures ; mesopectus with fine, close punctures ; inner. spur 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of anterior tibie bifid at apex ; first joint of hind tarsi equal to 2+3+4; claws minutely cleft ; stigma slightly bulging from costa at base, widest in basal middle, from whence it tapers to apex ; venation normal ; abdomen finely punctured, sheath rounded at apex; apex of abdomen with rather long hairs. Colour black ; head and thorax opaque, abdomen shining ; clypeus, labrum, spot on mandibles (rest piceous), w/zfe (in one specimen this white is strongly infuscated) ; broad angles of pronotum, tegule, spot on pleura, scutellum, basal plates, apex of four anterior coxe, four anterior trochanters, four anterior legs below knees (the tarsi are infuscated), stripe on outer side of posterior cox, posterior trochanters, base of femora, posterior tibie except at apex, first joint of hind tarsi except at apex, yellow ; wings yellow-hyaline ; costa, stigma and nervures brown. Habitat.—Two 9’s, Lincoln, Nebr., April 19, 1902, “on elder” (Sambucus), (W. D. Pierce); 9, Nebraska (J. S. H.). Co-types in col- lection of Univ. of Nebr. and in author’s collection. This species is related to pulche//a, Klug, but the coxe are largely black. It is probably nearest to zoe, Kby., from which it may be known by having the anterior femora black all the way round, the middle tibiz entirely pale, wing not darker at apex, etc. Eriocampa rotundiformis, n. sp.—é-. Length, 5% mm.; length of anterior wing, 544 mm. Short, robust, head almost as wide as thorax ; occiput, vertex, cheeks sparsely punctured with large punctures, inner orbits densely punctured; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, distance between the lateral ocelli as great or a little more than the distance to nearest eye margin ; furrow on vertex strong, extending to ocelli; ocellar basin large, well defined, walls sharp, pointed above and extending between lateral ocelli, wall coming to base of each antenna, open at the bottom ; second joint as long as first, but not as broad, third joint as long as 4+5 ; antenne a little thicker in middle ; eyes very large, slightly converging below, distance between them at the clypeus about the same as the length of the third antennal joint; clypeus rather densely punctured, circularly emarginate, lobes pointed ; mesonotum shining, and with very few punc- tures ; pronotum punctured with punctures about the size of those on the head ; scutellum with large punctures, closest anteriorly ; postscutellum densely punctured ; mesopleura with large, close punctures, larger than those on pronotum ; mesopectus shining, in middle with small punctures ; inner spur of anterior tibice bifid at apex ; tarsal claws deeply cleft, inner tooth shorter; abdomen shining, parallel-sided. Colour black, apex of mandibles piceous; ocelli hyaline ; anterior legs below coxe, apex of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 middle coxe, their trochanters, femora, except black band on apical half, tibiz and tarsi entirely, posterior trochanter, base of their femora, base of tibiz, and two basal joints of tarsi, wzfe; wings hyaline, venation dark brown. . Habitat.—West Point, Nebr., June. Type in the collection of University of Nebraska. Closely related to Hrzocampa rotunda, Nott., but the four anterior femora have no black line above, and the middle femora are banded at apex ; the third antennal joint is not curved. Pachynematus nigritibialis, 0. sp.—Q. Length,6% mm.; length of anterior wing, 544 mm. Head widened behind eyes, but not strongly so ; frontal furrows distinct ; ocellar basin indistinctly defined ; frontal crest strong, rather pointed, slightly broken in the middle ; two ridges meeting between the antennz form the frontal crest ; middle fovea distinct, oval in shape ; antennez longer than head and thorax, slender, tapering, third and fourth joints equal; antennal fovez large, shallow ; middle carina short, broad below, narrow above; clypeus shallowly, circularly emarginate, lobes small pointed; mesonotum and scutellum shining, with a few irregular punctures ; inner claw tooth distinct, in about middle of claw; stigma broadest in middle, rounded on lower margin; in one specimen the second recurrent is interstitial with second transverse cubitus, in the others it is close to it, but not interstitial ; venation otherwise normal ; sheath rather “ broad, straight above, rounded below. Colour reddish-yellow ; apex of mandibles piceous ; antenne, eyes, spot around ocelli, mesonotum, except sutures, scutellum, metanotum, broad stripe on abdomen above, spot beneath tegule, mesopectus, posterior coxz, spot before them, posterior tibiz and tarsi, sheath, d/uck ; posterior femora at apex dark brown ; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures, costa and stigma dark brown. Habitat—Two 9’s, West Point, Nebr., June; 1 9, Brownville, Nebr., June 5. Co-types in University of Nebraska and in author’s collec- tion. In Marlatt’s ‘‘ Revision of Nematine of N. Am.,” this runs to auratus, Marl., but is separated from that by the black mesonotum, black hind tibiee and tarsi, smaller size, not having the sheath so sharply pointed, etc. The head is not strongly developed behind eyes, and it might be said to go to abdominalis, Marl., but it is very different from that species, known at once by the different colour, different claw tooth, etc. The black hind tibiz and tarsi will serve to separate this species from its allies, 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pachynematus vernalis, n. sp.—@. Length, 5 mm.; length of anterior wing, 5 mm. Robust, head nearly as wide as thorax, rather sparsely, finely punctured: enlarged behind eyes; ocellar furrows extending below ocelli, a middle furrow from lower oce!lus ; ocellar basin indistinct, frontal crest formed of a wavy ridge above antenne, slightly broken in the middle ; third, fourth and fifth antennal joints equal ; antennez slender, nearly as long as insect, covered with short hairs ; middle fovea rather large, shallow, round; clypeus shallowly, circularly emarginate; mesonotum and scutellum rather finely punctured, inner claw tooth large, near apex (near the apex and longer on the anterior legs) ; second cubital cell small, subquadrate ; second recurrent quite free from second transverse cubitus ; stigma widest at base, gently tapering to apex ; upper discal cell of hind wings slightly exceeding lower, much narrower than lower ; sheath broad, rounded on lower margin, straight on upper; cerci short, stout. Colour reddish-brown ; antenne above at base, eyes, elongate spot on lateral lobes of mesonotum, posterior third of scutellum, spot on metanotum, black ; wings hyaline, iridescent ; nervures brown, costa and stigma yellowish. Habitat.—One 9? labelled as follows: ‘ Saw-fly on Willow, Oct. 5, ’89. Feb. 19, ’90.” Probably from Lincoln, Nebr., and raised from a larva on the Willow. Type in the University of Nebraska. The size of the claw and its position makes the generic position of this species open to question. After examining it carefully with the com- pound microscope, I think it is a /achynematus. In Marlatt’s table, for Pachynematus it runs to aurantiacus, Marl., but is quite distinct from that species, being known by the slightly broken frontal crest, the shallowly emarginate clypeus, cerci short and stout, head without black, etc. It is not close to any Pfreronus. In Amauronematus it is closely related to brunneus, Nort, and Dyart, Marl., but it is neither of these species. Amauronematus xanthus, n. sp.—Q. Length. 7 mm.; length of | anterior wing, 63; mm. Head densely, finely punctured, opaque; frontal furrows not clearly defined, not reaching occiput, but reaching antennal foveee; ocellar basin well defined, walls rounded ; frontal crest rather strong, slightly broken in the middle; middle fovea elongate, broader below ; antenne rather stout, joints three, four and five equal ; clypeus rather deeply emarginate, lobes bioad, more or less rounded; thorax above not as densely punctured as head; mesopleura and mesopectus not so THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19 densely punctured as mesonotum, hence more shining; claws deeply cleft, teeth subequal ; stigma rather broad, rounded on lower margin, widest near base ; third cubital cell not strongly diverging, not much longer than the third transverse cubitus ; upper discal cell exceeding lower on outer margin ; sheath broad, rounded on upper and lower margins to an obtuse joint. Colour ferruginous ; face below antenne, clypeus, labrum, man- dibles (apex piceous), posterior angles of pronotum, and tegule, pallid; head back of the eyes, and part of legs, fu/vous ; antenne, eyes and ocelli black (in one specimen the basal plates and part of metanotum are black); wings yellowish-hyaline, iridescent; nervures brown, costa and stigma yellowish, thorax, especially the pieura, with pale pubescence. - Habitat.—Lincoln, Nebr., two 9@’s, one in April. Co-types in University of Nebraska and in author’s collection. ‘In structure this species is like A. @zscolor, Cress., but differs as follows : Antennal joints 3, 4 and 5 equal, intercostal nervure normal, stigma not acuminate, no black on mesonotum, etc. In colour it is much like Zéneatus, Harrg., but the frontal crest is broken, middle fovea not triangular, ete. Amauronematus Lincolnensis, n. sp.— 2. Length about 6 mm ; length of anterior wing 6 mm. Head opaque, finely, densely punctured ; ocelli-in a rather lower triangle than usual; ocellar basin only faintly indicated ; frontal crest strongly broken; middle fovea distinct, elongate ; antenne short, stout, third and fourth joints equal; clypeus deeply, narrowly emarginate, lobes broad, rounded ; thorax not so densely punctured as head ; mesopectus smooth, shining ; claws deeply cleft, teeth subequal ; first joint of hind tarsi equal to 2 and 3 ; stigma rounded on lower margin: broadest between middle and base; second r. n. not interstitial with second t. c., but near it ; scutellum with a distinct middle, longitudinal furrow ; postscutellum ridged in middle ; sheath broad, rounded at apex, fringed with black hairs ; cerci long, slender, not tapering. Colour rufo-ferrugi- nous ; apex of mandibles piceous; antenne, eyes, ocelli, interocellar space, furrow of scutellum and apical margin, postscutellum, metanotum in middl2, middle of basal plates, first five abdominal segments, except sides (the black narrows as it nears the apex), margin of sheath, d/ack,; head below antenne, collar, tegule, legs, /zteouws ; wings yellowish hyaline, iridescent ; nervures pale brown, costa and stigma yellowish or pallid ; head and thorax with short white pile. Habitat.—Lincoln, Nebr., May. Type in the Univ. of Nebraska. 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In Marlatt’s table (Nematinz of N. Am.) this species runs between JSulvipes, Nort., and pectoralis, Cress., but is neither of these, as the clypeus is deeply, narrowly emarginate, the middle fovea elongate, etc. Pristiphora zella, n. sp.—§. Length, 6 mm.; length of anterior wing, 614 mm. Head punctured with medium-sized punctures, rather well separated, closest on inner orbits ; frontal furrows not reaching occiput, but distinct just above the ocelli ; distance between the lateral ocelli more than the distance to the nearest eye margin ; sides of ocellar basin faintly seen below lateral ocelli; middle fovea deep, distinct, slightly elongate ; third antennal joint longer than fourth, but only slightly so ; antennal fovez Jarge ; middle carina rather distinct, round on top ; clypeus very slightly emarginate ; mesonotum punctured, but not so strongly so as head; meso- pleura and mesopectus shining, impunctate ; first joint of hind tarsi longer than 2+3+4; inner claw tooth large, in about middle of claw ; stigma rounded on lower margin; transverse cubitals hyaline; sheath broad, apical margin with long hairs; cerci long. Colour black ; anterior margins of clypeus, labrum, mandibles (apex piceous), broad lateral angles of pro- notum, tegule, legs entirely (femora reddish), sutures of metathorax at sides, between basal plates, venter, pa/id or white; sheath brown ; apex of posterior tibia and their tarsi infuscated ; ocelli (dry) hyaline; wings clear hyaline, iridescent ; venation, except costa, which is pallid, brown ; head and thorax with white pile, longest on clypeus; spot in second cubital cell small. Habitat.—One 2 from Nebraska, probably from Lincoln, May 5, ’03. Type in collection of Univ. of Nebraska. In Marlatt’s table (Nematinz of N. Am.) this species runs to Koedelei, Marl. (Wash, and Alaska), but the abdomen above is entirely black, there is no rugous band before scutellum, and the structure of the head is different. Euura perdita, n. sp.—Q. Length, 4% mm. _ Rather slender; head in the ocellar region with fine, rather dense punctures ; ocelli forming a low triangle ; ocellar basin wanting ; middle fovea shallow, rather indis- tinct, circular ; antennal fovez not large ; antenne medium, third, fourth and fifth joints equal; clypeus angularly emarginate, lobes broad, low, rounded at apex; dorsulum with some fine punctures; tarsal claws minutely cleft ; intercostal nervure slightly basad to basal; transverse median in middle of cell ; upper and lower discal cell of hind wing equal on outer margin ; stigma straight on lower margin until about apical sixth, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 where it joins the costa abruptly ; sheath broad at base, tapering to an obtuse point. Colour black; posterior and upper orbits, face below antenne, clypeus, labrum, mandibles, except tips which are piceous, palpi, posterior angles of pronotum, tegule, legs entirely, apical segments of venter, reddish-yellow ; flagellum beneath and entire apical joints rufous ; posterior tarsi infuscated. Wings hyaline, nervures pale brown, costa and basal half of stigma pallid. $.—Length, 4% mm. More slender than ¢@; differs from the 9 as follows: ocellar basin present, but very shallow, bounded by low rounded walls ; middle fovea shallower; stigma rounded on lower margin; lower discal cell of hind wing slightly exceeding lower; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, pallid. The mandibles are sharp, with a small inner tooth ; procidentia rounded at apex. Habitat.— ¢ , Delta, Colo., April 23,97 (C. P. Gillette), ‘‘ Willow galls”; g, Ft. Collins, Colo., March 30, ’97 (E. G. Titus), ‘‘ emerging from Willow galls collected in Jan.”; @, same as last; ¢, Delta, Colo., April 28, ’97 (C. P. Gillette), ‘‘ Willow galls, flies emerging May 23.” The first @ and ¢ are the types. Type in the collection of the Colorado Agricultural College. This species falls near /. zvsudaris, Kincaid, and Z. sadicicola, E. A. Sm. It may be known from the former by the different shaped stigma, and from the latter by the more acutely pointed sheath. ‘There are also other characters to separate it from these two species. MOSQUITO COMMENT. BY C. S. LUDLOW, PH. D. Laboratory of the Office of the Surgeon-General, U. S. Army, Washington, D, C. Reference to Dr. Dyar’s recent article* is only necessary because his comment on A. per plexens mihi, may be construed to imply a carelessness in my work which does not exist. Naturally, Dr. Dyar could not know that the only times any interchange of lids has occurred have been when, at the National Museum, he, Dr. Knab and myself were discussing species, and it was impossible for me to keep track of all the lids ; in these cases the mosquitoes were destroyed on my return to my rooms. Moreover, 4. perplexens was found in a box with typical American mosquitoes which were tindoubtedly taken at Gretna, Pa. My boxes are not uniform, nor is more than a small proportion of the collection even temporarily kept in *Notes on Mosquito Work, Can. EnT., Sept., 1908, page 312. January, 1909 22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, them. Dr. Dyar’s suppositions as to the manner in which any error may have occurred are, therefore, entirely faulty, and he has apparently forgotten that I consulted him on this species, and he advised its publi- cation. I am myself, however, inclined to believe that a mistake may have been made in the habitat of this specimen, and that it probably is a Philippine mosquito ; just as I feel quite sure that Grabhamia Spencerit, Theob., owes its being reported from the Philippines to my very careful and interested Chinese servant, who, of course, would not realize that a dead mosquito picked up in the house and placed in one of the small boxes on my table could make dire confusion, so a similar interference by some uninformed but well-intentioned person may account for A. fer- plexens. Atall events, if an error has been made it is not due to an interchange of box lids, and my own precautions are such that no trans- position of the mosquitoes themselves could have taken place while in my hands. In the February number of the CANADIAN Enromococist I described anew anophelina, and referred it to Chagasia. Comparison with the Chagasia in the British Museum leads me to believe it to be new, and I therefore make it the type of a new genus, Ca/vertia, named in honour of Dr. W. J. Calvert, of St. Louis, formerly of the Medical Corps, U. S. Army, at whose suggestion I began the study of Philippine mosquitoes. CALVERTIA, nov. gen. Head with forked scales, antennz bearing outstanding scales on the second joint and more appressed ones on the first ; thorax with curved and broadly fusiform scales, not markedly outstanding laterally ; abdomen with hairs, and on at least one segment bearing long flat more or less spatulate scales. The genus lies near Chagasia. . There have lately been received from the Philippines two new mos- " quitoes described below. Anopheles formosus, 0. sp.— (Female. ) Head brown, with light yellow or white long slender ged: scales on the vertex, and projecting forward in a tuft between the eyes, white forked scales on the occiput, and brown forked scales laterad and ventrad ; antenne dark brown, verticels and pubescence brown, basal joint testaceous ; palpi brown, rather heavily scaled, the tip light, and bases of penultimate and antepenultimate joints narrowly light-banded , proboscis THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 dark brown, the labellz slightly lighter; clypeus brown; eyes dark rich brown. Thorax beautifully marked ; prothoracic lobes dark brown, with dark brown long flat scales ; mesonotum has the median part a light soft fawn colour covered with light yellow or whitish curved hair-like scales extending from the nape to the scutellum, except a small brown median spot just cephalad of the scutellum, and connecting with the dark median line ; this median part is bordered with a more or less distinct white line, broadening toward the scutellum; there are also broad submedian yellowish stripes extending from the nape about half the length of the mesonotum ; laterad the mesonotum is dark rich brown; scutellum light, continuing the colouring and scales of the medio-mesonotum ; pleura rather grayish, with dark and white bands; metanotum rich yellowish brown. Abdomen grayish brown, covered with long light yellow hairs. Legs : coxee and trochanters light, with a little brown; the very bases of the femora light, otherwise the legs are a rich brown, with yellowish knee-spots and narrow yellowish bands at the bases of most of the tarsal joints, generally slightly including the apices of the preceding joint. These bands are on all the tarsal joints of the hind legs, and lacking on the fourth and fifth joints on the fore and mid legs; ungues simple and equal. Wings yellowish, with brown spots ; two small brown spots on the costa near the base, and two large ones, the proximal including the sub- costa and first longitudinal practically as much as the costa, with a small extension on the root of the second long. vein, and a still smaller one just under the distal end of the large spot; the distal large spot begins just exterior to the junction of the subcosta with the costa, and ending a little interior to the junction of the first long. vein with the costa, and extends onto the first long. and upper fork of the second long. vein, with small spots on the lower fork ; the distal end of the lower fork of the second, of the third, of both forks of the fourth and of the fifth, have heavy dark spots; wing-field somewhat spotted ; fringe is dark except at the junction of the first long. and costa, where it is yellow, and a pale spot midway between the forks of vein 5; cells long, the first submarginal as long as its stem, and a little longer and narrower than the second posterior cell ; supernumerary and mid cross-veins meet, and are about equal in length, posterior cross-vein about as long as the mid, and more than its own length distant. 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Halteres have light bases, with heavy dark knob. Length, ro mm. (proboscis 3.5 mm.). Habitat: Camp John Hay, Benguet, P. I. Taken March 20, 1908. This large and beautifully marked Anopheles is the first of this genus to be received from the P. I., and shows the characteristic habitat of Anopheles in the tropics, coming from the high mountain regions of Benguet. Pseudouranotenia parangensis, n. sp.—(Female). Head brown, covered with flat scales, dark brown except a broad band of white scales around the eyes, meeting at the vertex, a few black bristles projecting forward ; antennze brown, verticels and pubescence brown, basal joint testaceous ; palpi minute, brown; proboscis brown, apex swollen ; clypeus brown ; eyes brown. Thorax: prothoracic lobes heavily clothed with white flat scales ; mesonotum brown, partly denuded, but with brown curved scales scattered over it and more completely covering it laterally, a line of outstanding white or bluish-white scales extending from the wing joint cephalad about one-half the length of the mesonotum ; scutellum brown, with brown flat scales ; pleura dark brown, with a pronounced line of white flat scales ; metanotum brown. Abdomen brown, with dark brown scales and a white median spot extending over most of the dorsal aspect on the first, second, third and fourth segments, better developed on the third and fourth ; venter light. Legs: coxze and trochanters light ; femora brown, ventrally lighter ; tibiz brown, and on the fore and mid legs all the tarsal joints brown ; on the hind legs the first and second tarsals are brown, the third, fourth and fifth pure white ; ungues simple and equal. Wings partly denuded, mostly brown-scaled, but half the length of the stem of the fifth, and the bases of the sixth with white roundish scales; fringe unspotted ; the cells very short, the first submarginal a little shorter and somewhat narrower than second posterior cell ; mid and supernumer- ary cross-veins of about equal length and meet, posterior cross-vein longer than mid and its own length distant interiorly. Halteres with white stem and black knob. Length, about 5 mm., of which the proboscis is nearly 2.5 mm. Habitat : Parang Mindanoa, P. I. Taken ; Collection undated, summer of 1908. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 COURTING AND MATING OF OZCANTAUS FASCIATUS, HARRIS. BY J. P. JENSEN, ENTOMOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, CORNELL UNIVERSITY. It was my good fortune to observe during the latter part of August, in Southern Minnesota, the courting and mating of Oecanthus fasciatus, one of the tree-crickets as yet without a common name, unless we call it the “Dark Whistler,” a name proposed by Professor Comstock. The insect under observation was doing his best, and I watched the wonderful, rapid motion of the wings that were elevated above the back at an angle of about 60 degrees, and making a blur to the eye so fast were they being rasped together. A female was soon seen hurrying up the Fic. 1,—Courting habits of Oecanthus fasciatus. stem, but still near the base. She stopped, twirled her antenne and walked a little higher, then ran out on a leaf and back again, plainly guided by the music. When within a foot of the male he detected her presence. The song changed, it was more broken. She ran out on _ another leaf searching for the male, and he bent out a little farther and apparently redoubled his efforts. The leaves were only a few inches apart, and she either saw or heard that he was still higher up, for she ran back to the stem, mounted to the leaf where the male was and ran out on it, but on the under side, placing herself longitudinally upon it. The male turned, placed himself in similar position and was quiet, the only motion noticed being the swaying and gently stroking together of the black January, 1909 ; 26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, antenne over the edge of the leaf. This continued for about five minutes, when the male sought the female on the under side of the leaf. This she apparently resented, and ran outa little farther. The male at intervals advanced towards her, elevating his tegmina and playing short, low notes. The courting began at 4 p.m. and continued for twenty minutes, when they were both on the upper side of the leaf. At first the male approached the female head first, and when she retreated jumped back with a rapid jerk of the body. During the last ten minutes he made many attempts to slip the abdomen under the female, singing meanwhile the peculiar low notes, but her retreating prevented this. Finally the female did not retreat, and when another attempt was made mounted the back of the male, elevated her head in a curious attitude against a point about two-thirds from the base of his tegmina, and copulation followed, but lasted for a very short time, two or three seconds. The female then mounted his back farther and began to feed on the glands that are situated just back of the base of the hind wings, It seemed that she tired of this every few minutes, for she would run off a little way and the male would pursue her, singing, and, by pushing his abdomen under her, persuade her to continue, Sometimes the female would return of her own accord. This alternation of feeding or biting on the glands of the male continued for about thirty minutes, when I left them. When I returned they had disap- peared. In other pairs I have seen it terminated by the female running away altogether. It very likely lasts for an hour or more, and possibly always follows copulation. What the nature of the glandular secretion is, if there is such, 1 do not know, and why the male so sedulously pursues the female to induce her to feed upon them is: another puzzie. This feeding on the glands I have also noticed in O. miveus, and the performance was the same. In this insect it occurs at night, and may be observed by means of a lantern. After you become familiar with cricket notes you can generally tell whether pairing is going on, because the notes of the male are changed. This is true of the Nemobiids or Ground Crickets, the Gryllids or Field Crickets, and the Oecanthids or Tree Crickets. The nocturnal crickets, such as O. ziveus, that pair and oviposit at night are curiously inattentive to artificial light, and will continue their operations with a bright acetylene lamp within a foot of them. Blatchley asks this question with regard to the feeding of the female of O. fasciatus on the dorsal glands of the male: ‘‘Is it possible that in the mating of these Oecanthids the female removes the semen from the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Pv glands, whose openings are beneath the tegmina of the male, and then fertilizes her ova ?” Dr. Howard, in his “Insect Book,” says with reference to O. niveus : “Harrington has watched one of the concerts closely, and says, ‘An interesting feature of its concerts is one of which I have not been able to find any mention in books accessible.’ While the male is energetically shuffling together his wings raised almost vertically, the female may be seen standing just behind him, and, with her head applied to the base of the wings, evidently eager to get the fuil benefit of every note produced.” The observer mentioned, no doubt, found the insects after pairing and while the female was feeding on the glands. When rather suddenly approached she will cease gnawing and sit perfectly still, while the male may continue singing until she begins again. The tree-crickets in appearance, in graceful flight, in song and in general habits certainly are worthy of the place that they occupy system- atically at the head of the Orthoptera. They are the aristocrats, the accomplished gentlefolk of the Order. wi A®NEWPORTIA IN UTAH. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, PROVO, UTAH. ‘The Chilopod genus Newportia was erected in 1847 by Gervais for the species Scolopocryptops longitarsis of Newport, a form now known to occur in Cuba, St. Vincent, Central America, Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil. Since that time some fifteen additional species belonging to the genus have been described, all of them from the region within the tropics of America, the general range of the genus corresponding roughly with that of the type species. It was, consequently, a matter of no little interest to find an individual representing a well-defined species of this genus as far north as Salt Lake City. Most of the species are thus, far known from one or from but few individuals. The genus Newportia belongs to the Cryptopine, the lowest of the three subfamilies of the Scolopendride. In common with the other genera of this subfamily eyes are absent in Newportia, and the tarsi of all the ambulatory legs, excepting the last two, consist each of but a single segment, the under surface of which bears a spine or a row of bristles. From the other genera of the Cryptopine, Newportia may be readily dis- tinguished through the presence of twenty-three pairs of ambulatory legs, January, 1909 28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of which the last have become peculiarly specialized, having the tarsi slender or thread-like, and divided into a large number of short segments, being antenniform rather than like ordinary legs. Claws are normally absent from these last tarsi; but an individual has been found in which claws are present, this case probably representing an atavism to the more general Cryptops-like form from which specialization has proceeded in the group. In Newportia there are no teeth on the inner side of the femora of the prehensorial or poison feet. All the dorsal plates are marked with two impressed longitudinal lines or furrows, one each side of the middle, while on most of the plates there is outside of each of these an oblique furrow. The first dorsal plate is characteristically marked with a trans- verse furrow, which in most species is angularly bent backward at the middle. In some species the plate is distinctly depressed into a pit at this angle in the cervical line or furrow. In about half of the known species the two median furrows of the first dorsal plate bifurcate, the two inner of the diverging branches running inwardly and forward and meeting at the middle angle of the cervical line. A W-shaped mark is thus formed. (See Fig. 2.) . The species of Newportia found in Utah is clearly most closely related to Mew/ortia azteca, Humb. and Sauss. (spinipes, Poc.), the species ranging nearest it geographically. These two species differ from al the others with the W marking on the first dorsal plate, in having two spines at the distal end of the tibial joint of the legs, and in having at the same time a ventral spine below the apex of the tarsal joint. The Utah species differs from azteca, among other points, in the shape and proportions of the head plate and in the papas, Newporls > Seteater length and different disposition of its posterior view of head and furrows ; in lacking dental plates, and in not having the anterior segments. a anterior border of the presternum mesally deeply excavated ; in having the last ventral plate more narrowed posteriorly, and its posterior margin but slightly incurved ; in having the pseudo- pleura of the last segment covered with numerous spinules, both laterally and ventrally, among the pores, as well as along the posterior margins and over the basal portion of the posterior processes ; and in the form and size of the spiracles. THE GANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 Newportia Utahensis, new species.—Head longer than wide, its sides converging a little posteriorly and more strongly anteriorly from the middle ; marked with a median longitudinal furrow extending from the anterior, slightly indented margin, posteriorly about one-fourth the length of the plate, and with a second short median furrow just back of the middle ; the paired furrows on the posterior portion of plate beginning near the middle and first converging and then diverging to the posterior margin, evenly curving ; finely punctate. - Antenne with the usual seventeen articles, the first four of them sparsely clothed with relatively long bristles, the other articles subdensely clothed on their outer surfaces with short sete. _ Presternal plate punctate, its anterior margin on each side sub- straight, the margins of the two sides meeting in the middle at a slightly re-entrant angle ; no median excavation. First dorsal plate with the transverse or cervical furrow evenly curving, a little angulate at the middle ; a depression or pit at the angle of the cervical furrow ; the paired furrows bifurcating, the inner branches uniting at the angle in the cervical furrow, and forming thus the typical W-shaped impression. The logitudinal furrows on the second dorsal plate conspicuously diverging from the anterior to the posterior margin. The oblique, shallow lateral furrows are distinguishable from the third plate posteriorly. The last dorsal plate with its posterior margin gently convexly rounded and slightly indented at the middle ; without a median furrow. Ventral plates finely and subdensely punctate ; each with a distinct and scarcely abbreviated and distinct, fine submarginal furrows. Last ventral plate with the sides sub-straight or a little convexly rounded ; strongly narrowed posteriorly ; the posterior margin but slightly incurved. Basal segments of the ambulatory legs spinulose ; the tibia armed at distal end with a conspicuous ventral spine, as weil as with a second somewhat stouter spine dorsal or dorso-lateral in position; tarsal joint with a veutral spine below the distal end. Pseudopleura of last segment with their posterior processes conical in shape, apically subobtuse ; posterior margin above and laterally from the processes with a close row of short spines, which also cover the basal portion of the processes ; similar short spines occurring over the entire 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGISt. pseudopleura, both laterally and ventrally, among the numerous small pores. Spiracles moderately small, mostly obliquely suboval. The head and last five segments brown, a little paler beneath than above ; elsewhere the body yellow, the anterior segments being darkened a little; legs pale yellow; antenne light brown proximally, becoming yellow distally. Length, 21 mm. Locality : Warm Springs, Salt Lake County, Utah (May, 1908). HEMIPTERA: NEW AND OLD.—NO. I. BY G. W. KIRKALDY, HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Fam. Aradide. 1. Aradus montivagus, nom. nov., = planus, Fabricius, 1803 (not of the same author, 1794). Fam. Lygeide. 2. Acanthocephala nasula (Say) =\| femorata (Fabricius). 3. Cletus signatus, Walker, 1871, =|| bipunctata (Westwood, 1842). 4. C. bipunctatus, H.-S., 1840, = pugnator, Lethierry & Severin, 1894, = armatulus, Breddin, 1905. C. pugnator was merely a misidentification of a Fabrician species, and was, moreover, unaccompanied by a description. 5. Arenocoris, Hahn, 1834, = Pseudophloeus, Burmeister, 1835, = Spathocera, Stein, 1860. Pseudophloeus was proposed to supersede Arenocoris because the latter was, etymologically, a hybrid ; it therefore must take the same type. 6. Ulmicola, nom. nov., = Avrenocoris, Fieher, 1860, type spinipes. 7. Coriscus Stalianus, nom. nov., =|| Alydus dentipes, Stal, 1868, Svensk. Vet. Handl., 7, No. 11, p. 65. 8. Merocoris, Perty, 1833 (not 1830). Coriomerts, Westwood, 1842, =|| Merocoris, Hahn, 1834 (not 1831). [Fam. Cimicide : Plisthenes, =\| Merocoris, Burmeister, 183 4.] 9. Riptortus nipponensis, uu. n., Zt-clavatus, Thunb., 1783, = rZ-annulatus, Uhler, 1860. 10. Boudicca, nom. nov., = Pseudophloeus, Auctt., type Fadlenii. January, 1909 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 Fam. Pyrrhocoride. 11. Lyrrhocoris, Fallén, 1814, = Astemma, Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 ; type apterus. Lepeletier & Serville included three species in their genus at its inception, but the first, afterws, is the only one mentioned in the generic description, where it is cited as the only one whose habits are known. Fam. Myodochide. 12. Oncopeltus Bergianus, nom. nov., =|| Sta/zz, Berg, 1883. 13. Stalagmostethus sinensis (as var. of venustus) (Reuter, 1888), =|| cruciger, Motshulsky, =|| marginatus, Jakovler, =|! e/egans, Distant, = 7akow/efi, Lethierry & Severin. 14. S. neotropicalis, nom. nov., =|| dispar (Stal). 15. S. furcula (H.-S., 1850), =|| festivus (Thunberg). 16. S. melanesicus, nom. nov., =|| mactans (Stal), =|| ruficeps (Welker). 17. Arthenets, Spinola, 1837 (type eymoides), = Mysius, Dallas, 1852. 18. A. helvetica (H.-S., 1850), = ¢éneata (Costa, 1852). 19. Heterogaster semicolon, Fieber, 1837, = affinis, H.-S., 1838. 20. Oxycarenus pallens, H.-S., (850, = collaris, Mulsant & Rey, 1852. 21. Lyrrheneis, gen. nov., = Artheneis, Auctt. (type foveolrta). 22. Orthea neotropicalis, nom. nov., =|| serripes (Fabricius). 23. Rhyparochromus maculipennis, Curtis, 1836, = pretextatus, H.-S., 1837. Reuter has already pointed out that Budeus, Distant, was founded on nymphs (mistaken for short-winged adults !). I think that B. drevé- pennis, Distant, is the final nymph of Orthea pallicornis (Dallas) ; the long fourth segment of the antennz was evidently missing. 24. Critobulus, Distant, is also probably the nymph of a Déeuches. 25. lschnorhynchus truncatulus, Walker, var. Horvathiana, nov., =|| geminatus, Fieber. Fam. Gerride. 26. Velta Osborniana, nom. nov , =|| drunnea, Osborn, 1904. Fam. Reduviide. 27. Aptomerus incisus, H.-S., 1846, = geniculatus, Erichson, 1848. 28. A. rubricinctus, var. Stalianus, nov., =|| geniculatus, Stal. 29. Coranus neotropicalis, nom. nov., =|| démaculatus (Fabricius). 30. Harpactor xosanus, nom. nov., =|| tibéalts, Stal. 31. Lsocondylus pungens, H.-S., 1846, = || elongatus, Lepeletier & Serville. 32. Wotocyrtus flavolineatus, Stal, =|| dorsalis (Gray). . 49- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33. Patugo patagonicus, nom. nov., =|| obsoletus (Blanchard). 34. Phemius tuberculifer, Stal, =|| tibialis (Westwood). 35. Peirates niger, H.-S., 1835, = unicolor, H.-S., 1836, = strepitans, Rambur. 36. Ploeogaster gesana, nom. nov., = || genicudatus, Lepeletier & Serville, 37. Reduvius osiris, nom. nov., =|| dorsalis, Stal. 38. Spiniger Lepeletierianus, nom. nov., =|| ater (Lepeletier & Serville). 39. S. circumcinctus, nom. nov., =|| /imbatus (Lepeletier & Serville). 40. Zelus speciosus, var. agavis, Blasquez, 1870, = var. Sto//i, Lethierry & Severin, 1896. Fam. Miride. 41. Ca/locoris neotropicalis, nom. nov., = || dimaculatus (Fabricius). 42. Liocoris tripustulatus, var. picta, Hahn, 1833, = var. autumnadlis, Reuter, 1875. 43. Reada Mayri, White, 1878, = Reuda Mayrii, Atkinson Cat., 107. 44. Phytocoris helveticus, nom. nov., =|| albofasciatus, Fieber. 45. Resthenia menanochra, H.-S., 1846, = melanochra, Auctt. 46. Saturntomiris papuanus, nom. noy, =| ¢ristis (Walker).. 47. Tichorhinus pelagicus, nom. nov., =|| Orthotylus mutabilis, F. B. White, 1878. Fam. Isside, 48. In Bull. Haw. Plant. Ent., I, 440 (1906), I stated that the description of Zssus decipiens, Spinola, was unknown to me. Melichar (1996, Abh. zool. bot. Ges., Wien, III, No. 4, p. 156) cites it as 1839, A. S. E., France, VIII, 3, but could not have referred to the original, as it certainly is not there. I suspect that the correct reference will be found in Gay’s “ Chile ” (1852). Hemispherius bipunctatus, var. rufomarginata, nov., =|| viridis, Melichar. Fam. Poekillopteride. 50. Euricania jo (Boisduval, 1835), = oculata (Guerin, 1838). 51. Mindura sundana, nom. nov., =|| (fuscata, Fabricius, 1794). 52. Ormenis antillarum, nom. nov., =|| guadripunctata (Fabricius). 53. O. insulicola, nom. nov., =\|| pygm@a (Fabricius). 54. Weomelicharia amoena (Walker), =|| pustudata (Donovan). | Fam. Tetigoniide. 55. Stictodepsa neotropicalis, nom. nov., =\| /uscata (Fabricius). . Euacanthus interstinctus (Fallén), =|| acuminatus (Fabricius). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33 ~ A NEW ORCHELIMUM FROM NEW JERSEY. BY WM. T. DAVIS, NEW BRIGHTON, STATEN ISLAND, N. Y. Early in September, 1908, I visited Dennisville, N. J., with Mr. Frank E. Watson and Mr. Wm. P. Comstock, making a general collection of insects. Among the captures were two male specimens of a highly- coloured species of Orchelimum. ‘They were found on the tall grasses in a very wet swamp. Later in the month, while near Helmetta, N. J., an Orchelimum was heard singing a 2i/, sip, sip —2, 2, 3,—2/P, 3tp, 2ip—z, 2, 2, quite a distinguishable song from that of O. vulgare. ‘The songster was discovered to be the same highly-coloured species that we found at Dennisville. Near-by a female was found, and later other males. Mr. John A. Grossbeck has also taken this insect at Trenton, N. J. Fic, 3.—A, Orchelimum pulchellum: B, O. nigripes: shrilling organs. Fic. 4.—A, Orchelimum pulchellum ; B, O. nigripes: side view of thorax. While this species resembles Orchelimum nigripes, Scudder, it is certainly distinct, being differently coloured, and having other characters, as may be seen from a series of both species. The name Orchedimum pulchellum is proposed for this beautifully-coloured insect, Mr, Louis January, 1909 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. H. Joutel has kindly made for me some sketches of the shrilling organs and side-views of the thorax of both nigripes and pulchellum, whereby it will be seen that the right-hand nerve in pudche//um (A, Fig. 3) is straighter than the same nerve in z/gripfes (B, Fig. 3). A series further shows that the lower angles of the thorax are more rounded in fpw/che//um than in nigripes (A and B, Fig. 4). In pulchellum the face is yellow, top of head and often along sides red, sometimes quite bright in colour. Thorax with the usual dorsal dark stripe, but darker than in nigrifes. Sides bottle-green, under parts yellowish, Abdomen: dorsum dark, sides green, under surface a bright lemon-yellow, edged with brown. Legs: femora of first and second pair lemon-yellow on the inner surfaces, greenish on the outer; femora of hind pair lemon-yellow, with the apical half or thirdreddish. Tibia of all of the legs reddish, the tarsi darker. When seen in life the insect is par- ticularly beautiful, and is conspicuous for its bottle-green coloured tegmina, with a bluish tinge, its lemon-yellow markings and its reddish legs. The ovipositor is much curved, and in «he type red in colour. The hind femora are each armed with from three to five spines on the under side. Measurements.— Male: Length of body, 19 mm.; of pronotum, 5 mm.; of tegmina, 20 mm.; of hind femora, 16 mm. Female: Length of body, 20 mm.; of tegmina, 22 mm.; of hind femora, 18 mm.; of ovipositor, 9 mm. TWO ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF BUTTERFLIES OF THE ISLAND OF MONTREAL.* BY ALBERT F. WINN, WESTMOUNT, P. Q. One of the great attractions of collecting Butterflies and Moths lies in the probability of coming across, at any moment, something new to the locality in which one is working, even though common elsewhere. Although the district about Montreal has been fairly well worked over since the formation of the Montreal Branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 35 years ago, not a season passes in which we do net find some moths, large or small, not previously observed andrecorded. But finding a new butterfly is a different matter, and it was indeed a pleasant surprise when I came across a specimen of the little pepper-and-salt skipper, Amblyscirtes samoset, Scudder, flying over a very muddy field at * Read at the Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario, Nov. 6, 1908. January, 1909 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35 Pt. aux T’rembles, near the Rifle ranges, on June 7th, and a few minutes later I took another. My companion also wanted some, and a thorough search was made, resulting in Mr. Chagnon also capturing one in an adjoining field. The species is apparently commoner to the North among the Laurentian Mountains, where I have taken it at Montfort and St. Faustin, and also at Calumet, on the Ottawa River—always in early June. A month later, July rath, while walking across the Westmount Golf Links, with Mr. A. R. M. Boulton, of the Quebec Branch, a small yellow butterfly passed us, which looked like a very much undersized Codias phil- odice. My net was not ready, so my companion offered to catch it for me if I wanted it, but as the day was very warm I said not to chase it, as it would probably come back, but it kept straight on. We went the opposite way, to the Nun’s Woods at Cote St. Luc, to look for Hap/oa confusa, Lyman, and were busy catching a series of these moths, when another of the little yellow butterflies came along. I was ready this time, and in a moment secured the first specimen of Zeréas /isa, Bd. and Lec. (The little Sulphur, Holland aptly calls it), that I had seen alive. An- other soon appeared in the same place, and Mr. Boulton captured it. As we were close to a fine field of clover, we thought the butterflies were probably coming from it, and therefore turned our attention to it, but without seeing any more. We resumed our raid on the Haploas, going further into the woods, where 7. confusa was scarcer, and A. Lecontei more likely to be found. We were again lucky, for in coming out of he woods on the west side into a small cedar swamp, another Zerias Jisa was flitting about, which I easily caught. As no more were visible, we adjourned to Cartersville for lunch. TWO NEW BEES. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO. Nomada antonita, n. sp. 6 -—Length about 7 mm.; robust, the abdomen broadly oval ; black, with cream-coloured markings ; the thorax without red. Vertex and meso thorax very densely punctured ; face very broad, with appressed silvery hair, not hiding the surface; the low and broad clypeus, very large triangular lateral marks (strongly indented opposite the antenne), the base of the mandibles and a narrow stripe along the posterior orbital margin (except January, 1909 36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ‘ the upper fifth) all cream-coloured ; no supraclypeal mark; mandibles simple ; labrum with the upper third cream-colour, the rest ferruginous ; lateral marks ending about the upper level of the antennal sockets, but there is a short reddish-yellow stripe higher up near the eye, and a minute dot at the summit ; scape bright ferruginous, not much swollen, flagellum stout, dark fuscous above and bright ferruginous beneath ; third antennal Joint conspicuously longer than fourth. Mesothorax and metathorax entirely black, the base of the latter dull and granular; upper margin of prothorax, tubercles, tegule, large irregular mark on pleura, scutellum and postscutellum, all cream-colour ; wings clear, stigma ferruginous, nervures fuscous ; first r. n, reaching second s. m. beyond middle; b. n. meeting t. c.; legs ferruginous, with the knees, anterior and middle tibiz in front, hind tibixe in front at base and apex, and large area on hind coxa, all cream-colour ; anterior coxe without spines. Abdomen very minutely but strongly and closely punctured ; first segment black, with a broad ferrugi- nous band, at each side of which is a small yellow patch ; segments 2 to 6 each with a very broad creamy-white band, occupying most of the surface, but much constricted in the middle on second ; hind margins and extreme bases of these segments black ; apical plate broad, truncate with rounded corners, quite entire; ventral segments, except the first, almost entirely creamy-white. : Hab.—Antonito, Colorado, Aug. 5, 1900; from the Colorado Agri- cultural College. In my tables of Rocky Mountain omada this species runs out at 36. In appearance, however, it suggests the subgenus J/icronomada, from which it differs by the spineless anterior cox. It is a very pretty and distinct little species. Bombus hyperboreus Albertensis, n. var. (vel. n. sp.?). ?.—Length about 19 mm.; width of abdomen 8 ; ocelli small, as in Bombus, s. str.; clypeus shining, convex, with sparse punctures of unequal sizes, some very faint ; malar space about one-fourth broader than long ; upper outer face of mandibles with three strong ridges ; labrum with a pair of widely-separated transversely oval bosses ; flagellum short, third antennal joint about as long as 4 + 5; mesothorax densely punctured, except in middle, where it is smooth and shining ; hair of head black, of thorax in front, pleura and scutellum, tawny-yellow, but a very broad black band between the wings ; wings strongly reddened, a dark cloud at apex | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. oT of marginal cell ; abdomen rather narrow, with coarse black hair, except on first segment and anterior middle (tapering laterally) of second, where it is tawny-yellow ; hair of legs black, spinules on tarsi ferruginous. Hab.—Calgary, Alberta, British America (/. Hf. Wodley Dod). The coloration of the abdomen is as in JB. separatus, which, how- ever, is a Bombias. The insect is probably a race of BL. hyperboreus , greniandicus, (Smith), but it has the yellow on the abdomen reduced. It is also related to B. Aleuralis, Nyl., which Friese makes a subspecies of B. Kirbyellus, Curtis. A REMARK ON THE iGNOTUS ANIGMATICUS. BY PHILIPP ZAITZEV, ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA. With special interest I read in the pages of this journal, 1908, No. 7, a paper by Mrs. A. T. Slosson, ‘‘ A Bitof Contemporary History,” treating of the habits of one of the most peculiar and interesting representatives of Coleoptera. Nearly all the past year this minute creature attracted my attention, being an uninvited guest at my home. Some of my observa- tions and considerations about this subject I hope to expose on the pages of Revue Russe d’Entomologie in the next issue ; at present I will con- fine myself to the remark that this mysterious stranger of my esteemed | entomological colleague is, properly speaking, a very old friend of ours, described and figured in 1839 by V. Motschulsky (Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou xii., page 76, t. v.; f. 1-6), from Transcaucasia, under the name of Zhe/y- drias contractus. Afterwards this species (without doubt identical will Ienotus enigmaticus /) was described by Reitter from specimens from the Transcaspian Province and Turkestan, and placed by him, very unfor- tunately, in the group of Driloris (family Cantharodide). Bestimm ; Tabelle d’Europ. Coleopt., XXIX., 1894. To WuHom 1T May CONCERN: Subscribers to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are reminded that the fee for 1909 is now due, and should be paid to the Treasurer of the Entomological Society, Guelph, Ontario, forthwith. Remittances may be sent by post-office or express money order, but personal cheques on local banks are not acceptable, as it costs from 10 to 25 cents to get them cashed. As a rule, the magazine is sent until ordered to be discontinued, so that regular subscribers may not suffer any inconvenience. 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON THE FORMS OF RUSTICUS ACMON (DB.-HEW.), SCUDDER, OCCURRING IN THE VICINITY OF PASADENA, CALIF. BY VICTOR L. CLEMENCE, PASADENA, CALIF. For some time the writer has made a special study of the different forms of Rusticus acmon. This special work has resulted in the possession of large series of four distinct forms. From Boisduval’s description of #. antegon (which he admits is the same as 2. acmon), and by comparison with Doubl.-Hew., Plate 76, fig. 2, also with specimens from Boisduval’s type locality, “les environs de San Francisco,” I have decided which of these forms is typical. I may also add that Strecker’s description in ‘‘ Lepidoptera: Rhopaloceres and Heteroceres, indigenous and exotic,” also describes this form. Careful observations made during the last two seasons show that of the other three forms two are seasonal, while the other is a new subspecies occurring only in the mountains at an altitude of not less than 3,000 feet, and frequenting only Lriogonum fasciculatum, which is probably its fuod-plant, while that of the other forms is Hosackia glabra, generally admitted to be the food-plant of true acmon or antegon. The new subspecies, which I have named Rusticus monticola, is a much finer butterfly than acmon, being larger and more brilliantly coloured. Of the remaining two forms, one occurs from February to April, is small in size, of a darker blue than the type form, and heavily margined in black, which leads me to think that the imagoes are produced from pupz which have hibernated. The remaining form appears about May the goth, is larger than the preceding, resembling the type form, only is larger, and has not such a pronounced violet tinge. The writer realizes the value and necessity of applying the test of breeding in order to correctly classify these different forms, but owing to daily observations and also the valuable help which he has received from Mr. Fordyce Grinnell, Jr., feels assured that his deductions would be fully justified by the above-mentioned test. From tie length of time that acmon is on the wing, from February till October, it may safely be assumed that there are at least three broods; therefore, these different forms are probably seasonal, as previously stated. Rusticus monticola, n. subsp.—The type, 2 g g’s, 2 2 $’s, are taken from a series of 21 insects in the author’s collection, January, 1909 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 Male.—Expands 28-31 mm. Upper side of primaries bright silvery- blue, with heavy black marginal border. No discal spot. Secondaries bright silvery-blue, with very narrow black marginal border. There is a row of five black dots separated from ground colour by heavy red crescents extending along the marginal border. The general colour of under side is ash gray, flushed with bluish scales. The markings aré the same as acmon, only much heavier and more distinct. All wings fringed with white. Female.—Expanse 30-35 mm. Upper side of primaries bright blue, with black discal bar. The outer half of wing is taken up with a broad black band, which fades into ground colour towards base. Secondaries same as male, only red crescents are twice as wide, occupying nearly one- third ef the wing. Ground colour of under side brownish-gray, markings very heavy and pronounced, as with the male. The females appear to vary considerably. Some have the red crescents continued on primaries.. Another specimen in my series has a marginal row of white spots on primaries. I have never come across these variations among true acmon, though I have examined hundreds of specimens from different localities. A comparative table of 2. acmon and R. monticola reads as follows : MALE. FR. acmon. | R. monticola. Expanse, 25-27 mm. Expanse, 28-31 mm. Ground colour wio/et-blue. Ground colour st/very-blue. Marginal band primaries zarrow. | Marginal band primaries broad. Red crescents on sec. ‘udistinct. Red crescents on sec. very pro- nounced. Markings on under side @stinct. | Markings on under side very heavy. FEMALE. Expanse, 21-26 mm. | Expanse, 30-35 mm. Ground colour dark brown. Ground colour sz/very-b/ue. Other differences same as in the male. THE ANNUAL RFport of the Sucicty to ihe Legislature of Ontario is now in the printers’ hands, and will probably be ready in March. It is distributed by the Department of Agriculture at Toronto, and will only be gent to those whose subscription for 1909 has been duly paid, 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BOOK NOTICE. ManuaL oF NortrH AMERICAN DipTerA, by Samuel W. Williston. Third edition, illustrated; 405 pages.—James T. Hathaway, 297 Crown Street, New Haven, Conn. (Price $4.00, postpaid.) During the last twelve years the earlier edition of this work has-been found most useful by professional Entomologists, whether engaged in teaching or in economic work, and has served as a daily handbook for the few students of the order. . To all of these it must be a source of much gratification that the author has been enabled to complete this compre- hensive and excellent manual, which will be no small help to them in their work. ‘The assistance that it will render to all who attempt to study the Diptera of North America is so great that it should lead many to devote themselves to the investigation of the much neglected but highly important Two-winged Flies, The present edition contains definitions of about erie hundred genera, being all that are known from North and Central America and the West Indies, with the exception of a few doubtful forms ; more than half of these genera are more fully defined by means of nearly a thousand photographs and carefully drawn figures, which are an immense help in the determination of forms. Of sixty-one families synoptic tables are given, preceded by a table of the families themselves. By means of these and the explanatory figures, a student should be able, after a: little prac- tice, to “‘run down” to its genus any fair-sized fly, and after gaining experience in this way to enter upon a careful scientific study of any family to which his attention may particularly be drawn. The Introduction deserves to be read by all Entomologists, who will find the observations and advice contained in it of great interest and much value. ‘This is followed by a series of chapters on the structure of the various parts of the insects, the head and its organs, the thorax, legs, wings, etc., and the vestiture, which is of so much importance in the differentiation of many forms. The author has been assisted in his work by all the well-known North American Dipterists, few in number though they be, and he andthey are to - be congratulated upon the completion of a work which should give an immense impetus to the study of this difficult order. A copy of the book should certainly be in every scientific library, and no_ professional Entomologist can afford to be without it. Mailed January 7th, 1909. The G anauiay Hntomalogist VoL. XL. GUELPH, FEBRUARY, 1909. No. 2. PHYVLLAPHIS COWENT, CKLL. (Plate I, Figures 1 to 6). BY C. P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COLORADO. Aphid: Cowen : Bull) 37; Lech. Ser.,-Colo."Ex, St, p; 1255/1305. Pemphigus Cowent, Cockerell, Can. EnT., XXXVII, p. 391, 1905. Mr. Cowen being unable to place this louse in a genus known to him, did not attach a name to it, though his descriptions of both gall and louse make it certain that he was studying the species under consideration. The louse has the general appearance and habits of a Pemphigus, and was so placed by Prof. Cockerell, who saw only the apterous form and pupe. On Aug. 5th, 1908, the writer was in the foothills a few miles west of Fort Collins, at an altitude of about 8,000 feet, where Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), the host-plant of this louse, grows in great abundance. Apparently every plant was infested, as was evident from the numerous pod-like leaves that were conspicuous everywhere. The galls are formed by about one-third of the leaf surface folding lengthwise upon the other two-thirds, inclosing the lice and becoming swollen so as to resemble minute pea-pods. Ifthe galls were beneath leaves so as to be shaded, they were green in colour, but if exposed to the sun they were more or less deep red in colour. The galls varied between ro and 20 mm. in length. Many apterous lice, including stem-mothers, and numerons pupe, were present in the galls, but no adult alate forms were seen, and apparently all the lice, except stem-mothers, were to become winged. Syrphus larvee were common in the galls. Plants bearing galls were taken arid placed in the insectary, where syrphus flies and great numbers of the alate viviparous females, alate oviparous* females and alate males were reared. ‘These I have described below. . A glance at either of the alate forms figured in the accompanying plate will be sufficient to see that this can not be a Pemphigus, as the fore wing has the cubital vein with two forks, when it should have none. I *This is the only species, except in Chermes, where I have seen alate ovipa- rous females. Can, ENT., Vou, XL hh Sy? 2" PHYLLAPHIS COWENI, GILLETTE. PLATE I. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 have therefore placed the species in the genus Phy//aphts, where it seems more nearly to belong. It seemed as though the stem mother must be the immediate parent of all the colony in each gall, but she probably was mother of the vivipa- rous alate females only, and these probably gave birth to the true sexual forms. Stem-mother ; Plate I, figs. 1 and 4. General colour varying with age, the older specimens being darkest. The l'ght-coloured specimens are dull sordid yellow, with transverse broken bands of very dark olive green over a large portion of the abdomen. The o'der and darker specimens appear almost entirely black. The head, antenne, entire legs, including coxee, and genital plates, dark brown to blackish in colour. The legs and antenne are very short and stout. The femora of the hind legs do not exceed in length joints 3 and 4 of the antenne combined. General shape of the body stout pyriform, the older specimens being very much truncated posteriorly. Length varying from 1.25 to 1.50 mm.; width varying little from 1 mm.; joints to the antenna four ; the 4th joint having an unguis which is about half as long as the short 4th joint; joint 3 a little less than half the whole length of the antenna. ‘There are no visibie sensoria except one at the base of the unguis, and I cannot make out any transverse annulations upon joints 3 and 4 except as indicated by minute stout hairs arranged in transverse rows. The body is sparsely set with rather stout hairs; the entire surface above and the antenne are also closely set with very short stout hairs, giving it a velvety appearance ; vertex convex, slightly bilobed ; cornicles very slightly raised above the surface, located about midway on the 6th segment, and surrounded by a dark area; cauda subobsolete ; beak just attaining middle coxe. In dark specimens of the louse the cornicles are often difficult to see. Pupa. Very light to dark green in colour. In each gall there are a few pupz smaller and lighter coloured than the others, which I take to be the males. Wing-pads of the female pupe blackish; length of female pupa before last moult 1.80 to 2 mm.; antenne 6-jointed, joint 3 longest and about equal to joints 4 and 5 together. Alate Oviparous Female: Plate I, figs. 3 and 6. General colour of body dark olive green, with head and lobes of 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. mesothorax black ; beneath, the colour of: the abdomen is a light olive green ; the antennz and legs are dusky brown to blackish ; on either side of the abdomen, opposite the cornicles and beneath the lateral margins of segments 5, 6 and 7 is a heavy tuft of white cottony secretion. ‘This cottony secretion, apparently, is not formed on any other portion of the body, or by any other of the lice. Length of body 1.50 to 1.70 mm.; length of wing 2 mm.; antenna varying from .65 to .85 mm.; third joint longest and almost exactly equal to joints 4 and 5 combined ; joint 6 with its short unguis equal to or slightly longer than either joint 4 or 5. As in case of the stem-mother, the joints are distinctly covered everywhere with very short stout hairs or points. On the terminal joints these minute points are arranged in more or less distinct annulations. Joint 3 has about 15 transverse tuberculate sensoria ; joint 4 two to five similar sensoria ; legs distinctly shorter than in the viviparous form, the hind tibie measuring only about .51 mm. in length; vertex quite convex ; cornicles slightly raised above the surface, somewhat more prominent than in the stem-mother; cauda broadly rounded, scarcely elevated ; anterior wings with three transverse veins, the third transverse vein being twice forked ; the branch forming the second fork arises about midway between the first fork and the tip of the wing ; stigmal vein moderately curved ; stigma transparent, very short and hardly longer than broad ; posterior wing with two cross nervures; both wings hyaline; beak just attaining second coxe. Lice that emerged during the night began depositing eggs by noon of the following day. Viviparous Fematle. Differs from the oviparous form in having the legs longer ; tibize of hind legs measuring about .68 mm. This form also lacks entirely the waxy secretion which forms upon the sides of the venter on ‘joints 5, 6 and 7 in the oviparous form. Alate Made: Plate I, figs. 2 and 5. The male is much smaller than the females, and the general body colour is light yellow. ‘The compound eyes and the sides of the head in front of them are black. The lobes of the mesothorax and scutellum are dusky brown to black. In most specimens a distinct dusky V-shaped spot occurs upon the dorsum of the head and one near either lateral margin of the prothorax. Antenne and legs dusky yellow. Darker speci- mens have the head largely dusky brown, and the antennz and legs dusky THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 45 or with very little yellow showing. Length of body, .80 mm. to 1 mm.; vertex rather sharply rounded; length of wing, 1.60 mm.; length of antenne, .8o0 mm.; joint 3 longest, joints 4 and 5 equal; joint 6, with unguis, of the same length as the two preceding joints ; joint 3 with about seven and joint 4 with about one transverse sensoria. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE, Phyllaphis Cowent, Ckll.—1, stem-mother ; 2, male; 3, Oviparous Ly ? B) I o female ; 4, antenna of adult stem-mother ; 5, antenna of male; 6, antenna of oviparous female. M. A. Palmer, artist. Figures 1, 2 and 3 are enlarged 30 diameters, and figures and 6 ] 3 t=) rD ) b] f=) r) 8o diameters. THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF EUCHLOE SARA, BOISD. BY KARL R. COOLIDGE AND ERVAL J. NEWCOMER, PALO ALTO, CALIF. Euchloé sara, with its variety Reakirtiz, Edwards, is a common and early butterfly in California, flying in the open fields about wild mustard (Brassica) and other crucifers. Aeakirtii may sometimes be seen as early as February, and later, in April and May, saa appears, continuing on the wing until October. Sara is one of the early Californian pioneers, having been described by Dr. Boisduval in 1852." In 1869 W. H. Edwards? described Reakirtiz. Synonymy and Distribution.—Sara, with its so-calied varieties, is distributed almost everywhere west of the Rocky Mountains, from Arizona to Vancouver. As shown by Edwards (Can. ENT., XXIV, p. 52), sara proceeds from eggs of Reakirtit, although some of the pupz may go over and preduce Reakirtii in the spring, the dimorphism being that of Pafzdio ajax. Thoosa, Scudder, is a synonym of julia, Edwards, and fora, Wright, and mod/is, Wright, are but slight modifications of sara. Lrown- ingit, Skinner ; ste/Za, Edwards, and ju/ia, Edwards, we would consider but geographical forms of feakirtiz, Both Sara and Reakirtiz are dimorphic, some females being white and others yellow, with all inter- gradations. The males are only occasionally slightly yellowed. Reakirtii may be distinguished from sava by its smaller size, and the discal band on primaries is blacker and more waved. Beneath, on the secondaries, the greenish tinge is more pronounced than in sara, and the apex and external margin of fore wings is heavier. Henry Edwards, in a letter to W. H. TeeAnn. soc. Ent. Hr, 2, 10, 285, 1852: 2. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 2, 369, 1869. February, 1909 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Edwards (Butt. Vol. 1), writes: ‘‘ As to sara, I first met with it two years ago in Santa Clara County, and was at once struck by its larger size, the yellow colour of most of the females, and the absence of the irrorated line along the anterior margin, as well as by the much fainter green markings on the under side of lower wings. Unlike Reakirtiz, the species seems to prefer the open fields, flies much more slowly, and alights often upon flowers of Brassica, Nasturtium, etc. I am so accustomed to the two forms, that I can now distinguish them by the flight alone.” Preparatory Stages.—Scarcely anything is known of these. Edwards refers to the relationship of sara and Reakirtit, as shown by records of the pupe. Again, in his supplement to the Butterflies of the United States (v., 3, p. 2, 1897), he refers to this. G. R. Minot, in a note in Entom. News (p. 158, 1902), briefly describes the egg, and records the oviposition on the “ common mustard.” Food-plants.—\.embert' reports the oviposition of sara and Reakirtii in the Yosemite National Park on the stalk of Zhysanocarpus pusillus. In this locality sava has the same food-plants as awsonides, viz., Brassica campestris, L.., and nigra, L. But there must be others also, as sara is found abundantly in the higher hills, where Brassica is very rarely met with. Oviposition.—For the past several years we have observed numerous instances of oviposition. As a rule the eggs are tucked between the young sepals, but there is a great irregularity in this. Sometimes the eggs are placed on the peduncles, and quite often on the under side of the leaves, upon which the larve readily feed. On June 27, ’07,a 9 was observed ovipositing. Eight eggs were seen to be laid, one ona leaf, two on peduncles, and the others on the buds. She was then captured, and by the next afternoon she had deposited forty-five more eggs in the pill box in which she was confined. £gg.—Length almost 1 mm.; fusiform, laterally marked with raised vertical ridges not quite so prominent as in auwsonides, between which are finer cross-veinlets ; base flattened. Colour light lemon-yellow when first laid, changing to orange in from twenty to thirty hours, and this colour is quite uniform until just before hatching, when the colour is duller. First Instar.—Length, 1.5 at rest ; in motion nearly 2 mm. Colour dirty yellow, sparsely covered with black hairs. Head rather large, black. The duration of the egg stage to the emergence of the young larve varies 3. CAN. ENT., XXIV, p. 52, 1892. 4. Entom. News, 6, 137, 1895. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 considerably, according to the condition of the weather. Our records show from four to eight days. Second Instar.—Much as in preceding; a little over 3 mm. in length; colour generally lighter. Third Instar.—Length about 6 mm. Colour greenish, with a yellow lateral stripe and a light dorsal line, sparsely hirsute ; head black or dark green. Fourth Znstar.—Length about 15 mm.; uniformly dull grassy green ; head rather darker, large, bilobed, with many ferruginous coloured short hairs ; body also covered with same clothing, and also more scattered long black bristles. A whitish lateral stripe edged below with darker ; ventral stripe very faint. Fifth Instar.—Average length about 27 mm.; colour slightly darker than in preceding stage, head concolorous. A rather wide lateral band on the line of the spiracles, and continuing on the side of the head; dorsal line obscure. Head small, more so than the body, distinctly bilobed ; head and body covered with many short black tubercles or hairs. Pupation.—The method of pupation and spinning the girdle is so similar to various well-known species of Poutia, that we do not repeat it here. We have never been able to find the pupa in nature, but Mr. F. X. Williams tells us he has found several pupee of both sara and ausonides suspended at the base of the food-plant. Pupa.—Colour very light silvery-gray, the ventral area lighter ; pro- notum bluntly produced, the wing-cases thereon marked in white ; ventral line and ridges dark ; outline curved, more so than ausonides, but not so much as in /anceolata or pima,; spiracles indicated by blackish points. Considerable variation occurs in the curvature of the profile; one pupa we had was very straight, more so than in any of the other species; palpi case more or less recurved, sometimes quite noticeably so. Normal length 22 mm. We are much indebted to Prof. Chas. A. Shull for copying for us the text in this genus from Edwards’s Butterflies of North America. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. The fourth meeting of the Entomological Society of America was held in Baltimore, Dec. 30 and 31, in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science and other Societies. The number in attendance was exceptionally large. The sessions were called to order on Wednesday morning by the 4§ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. President, Dr. Wm. Morton Wheeler. The report of the Committee on Nomenclature was received. It will be printed in the “Annals” and brought up for discussion next meeting. Appropriate minutes were adopted in regard to the deaths of Drs. Ashmead and Fletcher, and the deaths of Messrs. C. A. Davis, A. Craw and A. V. Taylor were also announced by the Chair. The election of the following Fellows was announced: E, P. Felt, S. W. Williston; A. D. MacGillivray, T. D. A. Cockerell, E. D. Ball, and also the election of 39 members. The following suggestion was considered and referred to the Com- mittee on Nomenciature: ‘That the Entomological Society of America should undertake to get out a list of all names of insects, to be used as a standard code, like the A. O. U. code.” The following resolution was adopted and referred to the Executive Commiitee with power to act: “That it is the sense of the Society that the duty on insects is objection- able and should be abolished.” An amendment to the constitution was proposed, to be voted on at the next meeting, abolishing the present requirement that officers shall be chosen only from the list of Fellows. An additional by-law was adopted, as follows: 6. “Any member may become a lifemember upon payment of $50 at one time, and shall be exempt from further assessments. He shall receive during his life one copy of each issue of the Annals.” The following officers were elected: President, Dr. Henry Skinner ; First Vice-Pres., Prof. Herbert Osborn; Second Vice-Pres., Dr. A. D. Hopkins ; Sec.-Treas., J. Chester Bradley. Additional members of the Executive Committee: Prof. J. H. Comstock, Dr. John B. Smith, Dr. W. M. Wheeler, Rev. Prof. C. J. S. Bethune, Mr. E. A. Schwarz and Prof. Lawrence Bruner. Standing Committee on Nomenclature (for three years), Dr. E. P. Felt, to succeed himself. Member of the Editorial Board, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Dr. Fletcher, Rev. Prof. C. J.S. Bethune. On Wednesday afternoon a joint session with Section F.,A:A. A. S. was held, at which Dr. John B. Smith presided. At both this and the following session on Thursday very full and interesting lists of papers were read. The sessions closed with an exceedingly interesting address on Thurs- day evening by Dr. E. B. Poulton, Hope Professor of Zoology in Oxford University, England, on ‘“‘Mimicry in the Butterflies of North America.” The address was illustrated by many beautiful lantern slides, and was attended by a large and appreciative audience. It, and also the full minutes of the sessions, will be published in the ‘‘Annals of the Entomo- logical Society of America.” —J. CHESTER BRADLEY, Sec,-Treas., Ithaca,N.Y. ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 so THE EGGS OF LUTZIA BIGOTII, BELLARDI (CULICID®). BY ALLAN H. JENNINGS, ANCON, CANAL ZONE, PANAMA. On May 30, 1908, while collecting along a rapid mountain stream on the Island of Caldera, Porto Bello Bay, Rep. Panama, I secured several masses of mosquito eggs, which subsequently proved to be those of Lutzia Bigotit. They were taken from a small pool in the rocky bank of the stream, the water of which was supplied by the stream itself, the pool being nearly filled with vegetable matter consisting of dead leaves, twigs, petals of flowers, seeds, etc. _Nearly full-grown larve of Zutz¢a were present, as well as many of Anopheles eisent and many of several species of Culex, none of the latter, however, being bred. The eggs were cylindrical, about one thirty-second of an inch in length, as nearly as could be estimated (no means of accurate measure- ment being at hand), slender, and terminated in a nearly hemispherical head of the same diameter as the body of the egg, which, however, was drawn to alow point or apex. The body of the rod-like egg was ofa pale yellowish-white, with a metallic reflection appearing almost golden in certain lights, while the apex or head, which was sharply defined, was of a pale blue colour. The eggs were arranged in a double row, forming a raft or boat. The largest mass contained twenty-five pairs, but with nothing to indicate its original size. Several smailer masses were taken from the same pool, but whether they had formed a part of the same or another raft it is impossible to say. The eggs adhered to each other rather tenaciously, and did not become separated by being poured into a collecting vial nor by the rather rough journey back to camp. The “boat” floats low in the water, the rod-like portion being nearly submerged, only the ‘‘head” showing above the surface. . I should think that these eggs were laid during the night of May 28th. At 8 p.m. on May 30th, or presumably 48 hours after being laid, hatching began, the young being easily identified, and showing the charac- teristic attitude and habits of the larva of this species. They immediately began preying voraciously upon each other, and materially reduced their numbers before the next morning, when they were separated, February, 1909 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, In hatching the young larvee emerged from the bottom of the egg, the clear yellowish-white colour becoming dark and blackish and the cohesion of the empty cases being lost, the eggs fell gradually apart and the mass finally disintegrated. The young larvie were carefully separated and grew rapidly, increas- ing by the next morning fully 50 per cent. in length and doubling their size within 24 hours. The adults began emerging in ten days from date of oviposition, though an unavoidable lack of food material for a short time may have slightly lengthened the normal time of development. TWO NEW SEED-INFESTING CHALCIS FLIES. BY CYRUS R. CROSBY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. Prodecatoma phytophaga, n. sp.—Female: Length, 2.4 to 2.7 mm.; abdomen, 1.2 to 1.3 mm. Head and thorax densely umbilicate-punctate. General colour black: face, cheeks and a ring around the eyes light yellowish-brown ; sides of | prothorax, lateral angle of scapula, mesopleure and ventral side of abdomen more or less suffused with brownish ; pronotum with two small brownish spots sometimes obsolete. Head seen from above as wide as the thorax, concave behind, strongly convex in front, a distinct frontal furrow present, in which the front ocellus is placed ; seen from in front a little wider than high ; the eyes small and widely separated. Face with a system of fine ridges radiating from the clypeus. Propodeum with a median longitudinal depression, broad and regularly concave; propodeum on the sides rugose-reticulate, within the furrow densely, finely and distinctly reticulate-punctate ; anterior end of depression with two smooth submedian pits, posterior end with a semi- circular row of similar pits, Between this row and the insertion of the petiole there is a transversely striate elevation. No median carina present, except between the two anterior pits. Colour of propodeum black, except that in some specimens there is a testaceous streak on each side of median depression. Antenne dusky, under side of scape yellowish ; club and scape of about equal length ; pedicel short ; funicle joints submoniliform, the first slightly longer than the others ; club elongate-oval, obtusely pointed at tip, the last two segments not separated by a distinct suture. Coxze black, in some specimens more or less yellowish; rest of legs dull yellowish ; February, 1909 CAN. ENT., Vou. XLI. PLATE 2, MA FL Lf LL. HALE (SAR ASKAS = - WRK (AE 6. PRODECATOMA PHYTOPHAGA, CROSBY. Lj bo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. posterior femora with a black area on the outside ; posterior tibie more or less infuscate. Wings hyaline; veins brownish. For relative length of veins see figs. 1 and 2. Abdomen seen from above pointed ovate ; segment 5 twice as long as 4, its posterior margin broadly concave; segment 3 two-thirds as long as 4; dorsum of abdomen black, the venter brownish, the amount of brownish varying in different specimens ; sometimes a band runs up on the side of segment 5 so as to be visible from above ; on segment 6 the brownish on the anterior margin is nearly continuous across the dorsum ; on segment 7 the black is confined to a large basal triangular spot, which does not quite attain the tip. ‘The abdomen is smooth and shining, with a very delicate hexagonal reticulation of impressed lines. The relative length of the segments as seen from the side is shown in fig. 3. Male: Length, 2.7 mm.; abdomen, 1.2 mm. Differs from the female in having the thorax entirely black (in two specimens only are the pleurze brownish), in the greater amount of black on the head and in the very small amount of brownish on abdomen. Median longitudinal depression of propodeum with a distinct furrow, irregularly rugose, sometimes with the ridges so arranged as to give a median carina. Antenne black, with the scape yellowish, except distal half above ; pedicel below and ring-joint yellowish ; the funicle joints pedicellate and distinctly constricted in the middle, clothed with two whorls of long hairs. The first joint of the club is more distinctly separated than the last two. Posterior femora and tibiz darker than in the female. Petiole much longer than posterior coxz, three-fifths as long as rest of abdomen, finely rugulose, with a short median and two lateral carinz at the posteriorend. Abdomen seen from the side straight below, highly arched and squarely declivous in front. The relative proportion of the segments as seen from the side are shown in fig. 4. Described from 5 females and’ 17 males, reared during the summer of 1908 from seeds of Virginia Creeper, Parthenocissus quinguefolia, collected at Ithaca and Taughannock Falls, N. Y. Under natural condi- tions the adults appear during Jate July and early August. Eurytoma rhois, n. sp.—Female: Length, 1.7 to 2.8 mm.; abdomen, .g to 1.5mm. General colour black ; head and thorax densely umbilicate- punctate. Dorsal view of the head is shown in fig. 7. In form and sculpture the thorax is very similar to that of Laurytomocharis triodie. Propodeum THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 coarsely rugose on the sides ; the longitudinal median depression broad and shallow, densely and distinctly reticulate-punctate, except in the longitudinal furrow, which is rugose and much wider in front than behind, where there is frequently a single or rarely a double longitudinal carina. In the smaller specimens the median furrow is entirely lacking. Antenne slightly clavate, dusky, except scape beneath, which is dull brownish-yellow. The relative length of the segments is shown in fig. 8 ; viewed at a different angle the club is a little broader. Coxe black ; femora black, tip yellowish-brown ; tibize brownish, more or less infuscate medially ; tarsi nearly white. On the cephalic face of front coxee there is a deep diagonal furrow bounded in front by a distinct ridge. This ridge near the upper outer angle makes a sharp turn and extends transversely around on the side of the segment. Mesosternum has a distinct median pit in front ; median carina lacking, except posteriorly, where it is represented by a delicate ridge. Wings hyaline. (Figs. 9 and ro.) Abdomen smooth, without sculpture, subcompressed, seen from the side broadly ovate, the tip sharp-pointed ; segments 2, 3, and 4 subequal, the fifth longer than 3 and 4 together, the sixth very narrow and gently emarginate in front of the spiracle of the seventh; the seventh segment clothed with fine white pile. (Fig. rr.) Male: Length, 2 to 2.4 mm.; abdomen,.g mm. These measure- ments are only approximate on account of the contracted condition of the abdomen in these specimens. Propodeum with the median longitudinal depression wide and shallow, the furrow much less distinct than in female. The legs and wing- veins are much darker than in female. Antennze black; scape at base and ring-joint brownish. Scape slightly enlarged beneath towards tip ; pedicel subglobose ; the five funicle joints subequal, arched above, not constricted at the middle, briefly pedicellate, and each with two whorls of rather short hairs ; club as long as scape, two-jointed. (Fig. 12.) Petiole slightly longer than the hind coxe, and finely but distinctly rugulose- reticulate ; cox with the same sculpture above. The body of abdomen is highly arched above, squarely declivous in front ; the fourth segment is longer than the fifth and sixth together. Described from numerous specimens reared during the summer of 1908 from seeds of Sumac, Rhus hirta, collected at Ithaca and Taughan- nock Falls, N. Y. Schreimer (Zeitschr. wiss. Insbiol., lV, pp. 26-28, 1908) gives an account of the phytophagous habits of another species of this genus, to CaN. ENT., VOL. XLI. PLATE 3. EURYTOMA RHOIS, CROSBY, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5D which Mayr has given the manuscript name of Lurytoma Schreimert. It infests the seeds of the plum in Astrakan, Russia, and causes considerable damage to the crop, the infested fruit dropping while still quite small. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 2 AND 3. Plate 2, fig. 1.—Prodecatoma phytophaga, 9 wing. “« 2— = x stigmal area of 9 wing. 3.— Ny % ° abdomen from side. ie «4. me on d abdomen from side. oh « 5— * y ? antenna, hairs omitted. e “« 6.— bh if ¢ antenna. Plate 3, “ 7.—Eurytoma rhois, ? head from above. He 2S yee ee Ee ? antenna, hairs omitted. i “ 9.— es Ce WI, FS © f0.— x “« stigmal area of 2 wing. u 1. “ ee ¢ abdomen from side. a “ 12.— ie bi dé antenna. THE JAPANESE COCCIDé:. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. In the Bulletin of the Imperial Central Agricultural Experiment Station of Japan, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1907), Mr. S. I. Kuwana has published a new list of the Cocciaz of Japan, with numerous new species. I am indebted to Dr. L. O. Howard for the loan of the work, which is probably little known in this country. A very beautiful Zcerya, illustrated by coloured figures, is introduced as 7. okade. It is, however, exactly like I. seychellarum (Westwood), and I do not see any reason for separating it from that species, except that according to the figure the femur is much stouter. Cerococcus murate is a most interesting species, but I think it should be known as So/enophora murate (Kuw.). Pseudococcus take (Dactylopius take, Kuw.) is a new species on bamboo ; the figure of the antenne shows nine joints, although the description indicates only eight. From the figures, and the general appearance, one might suspect the insect to be a Phenacoccus. Ripersia oryz@, Kuw., found at roots of rice, has large subcylindrical caudal lobes, and cannot be regarded as a true Azpersta ; no doubt the discovery of the larva and male will throw light on its affinities. Aclerda (?) biwakoensis, Kuw., on Phragmites, should be compared with 4. japonica, Newstead; it might be the same, but for apparent differences at the caudal end, /Pu/vinaria Kuwacola, on February, 1909 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. mulberry leaves, is a curious species with a_ very short ovisac. Lecanium kunoensis, Kuw., is very much like Z. cerasorum, Ckll., and may possibly be the same. udecanium glandi (Lecanium giandi, Kuw.) is an immense species, 15 mm. long, found on apple, pear, etc. Xylococcus matsumure is given as a new species, but it was originally introduced to our notice in Insect World, March, 1go5. It is not a Xy/ococcus, but forms a remarkakle new genus. The table of genera allied to Xy/ococcus, as given in CANAD. EnTom.,, Oct., 1899, p. 275, may be enlarged as follows : Antenne of adult female 8-jointed ; first joint extremely large ; second short, very much broader than long; joints broader apically than basally; last joint oblong, longer than any except the first; body elongated, 374 times as long as brvad, blunt posteriorly; legs well developed, the anterior femora noticeably stout; tibia much longer than tarsi; no mouth. (Russia)...... Steinge/ia, Nassonow (type S. gorodetskia, Nassonow).* Antenne of adult female 9-jointed. With an anal tube producing a long rod or thread of wax; last joint of antenna of larva moderate, with long bristles (Europe; Ui )8:):0.skn rite os ee wees Aplococcus, Loew. With no anal tube ; last joint of antenna of larva exceedingly large, with short bristles (Japan, Ceylon).... ....:....Kuwantia, Ckll. Antenne of adult female with 10 or rr joints. Female with a marsupium, in which the eggs are laid (Australia).'. ¢ suse Ys dus vs s+ wind es +) eee OM ID ADD hy CGrn Female without a marsupium; broad posteriorly, not elongated, antennz 1o-jointed. close together ; Zarva with antennz 7-jointed, and very peculiar crab-like legs, the femur large ; made without whorls of long hairs on the antennal joints; caudal brush long, arising from the apical segment ; rudimentary hind wing with very large hooks (Japan)... 0... cece cece ce cee eee teen ete eens Matsucoccus, Ckl\. (type Watsucoccus matsumure, Kuwana). Matsu is the pine-tree, on which the new genus was found. It is evidently related to Callipappus, but much less specialized, probably representing the general stock from which Cadlipappus arose. In his list, Mr. Kuwana enumerates only two species of Astero- lecanium,; but he himself has sent me two others; one new, the other (col- lected by Mr. Kuroyuwa in the Lu Chu Islands) is 4. bam hus, Boisd. *I received this insect some years ago from Professor Nassonow, and understood that he was about to publish it, which he has done in Ann. Mus. Zool. Acad, Imp. Sci., St. Petersburg, xiii, p. 345. The specimen is nowat the Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Gq THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5T NEW HISTORIES AND SPECIES IN PAPAIPEMA (HYDRCCIA). BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. (Continued from Vol. XL, page 30.) For some years past the writer has wondered if the species of Papaipema, boring as a larva in Helianthus giganteus throughout this section of the Atlantic seaboard, was really the zecopina of Grote. The fact of its restricted occurrence, which a wider knowledge of our fauna has yearly accentuated, made us wonder whether Buffalo, N. Y., the type locality, would in any likelihood support this species. Ten years back this local form was sent to Mr. Grote when he was at Hildesheim, Ger- many, and confirmed by him to be the zecopina he had described twenty years before. His types, however, were not with him for comparison, being in the British Museum, and there remained a slight difference in the description of his species and the local form. With each succeeding year that it was bred at Rye, and the occurrences were in goodly numbers, we became more impressed with the constancy of the species, and that, in the slight degree wherein it differed, this discrepancy always held. Later comparisons by different ones of the British Museum types with Rye material elicited no suggestion of a tangible difference. Finally zmper- turbata, working in Helianthus divaricatus, was encountered, and it differs from the description of mecopima quite as much as the seaboard form. Certainly it and the latter are very distinct, though superficially the moths are much alike. At this time both are sent to the British Museum, as Sir George Hampson is studying the group in the preparation of his Catalogue. He reports the species in 4. giganteus to be undoubtedly necopina, though noting the presence of a transverse posterior line on the primaries, which does not occur in the originals. Later on he asks, ‘Can there be a third species and this the typical zecopina ?” At about this time, however, material for identification had been received by the writer from Messrs. Lucas and Moeser, of Buffalo, and bred by them there, among which appeared a form running larger than imperturbata, though returned as probably that species. It certainly was not “‘wecopina” as we had so long known it. The matter was deemed worthy of further investigation, and ona kind invitation to explore some of their favourite preserves in July, 1908, a few profitable days were spent in that locality. It soon became apparent that the species they had reared was a very common and well-established one there, occurring everywhere that neglected areas allowed the growth of Helianthus tuberosus, its February, 1909 58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. apparently preferred food-plant, to flourish. In some places the larve were so plentiful as to overrun the burdocks and probably other weeds, but in no instance was it found in He/ianthus divaricatus which grew in the infested localities or elsewhere. H. giganteus was not noticed at all. In due course, for it is not a late species, as is the seaboard form, a series of the moths come forth and prove conclusively that we are dealing with necopina, Grote, at last. Some variation is found to exist, and it appears the types are well-developed specimens of the darkest form. The larva is a vigorous one and possessed of a good appetite, which the rugged food-plant allows to be satisfied. It enters’ the plant a few inches above the ground level and works downward two or three inches below this line, but in no instance does it get down to the tubers, which are much deeper. Its work produces an elliptically elongate swelling, about twice the size of the normal stem and from three to five inches long. The original aperture of entrance is, after a while, given up for a larger one lower down, from which the abundant castings are ejected, At maturity this opening is enlarged that the larva may leave, for the pupal change does not occur in the gallery. From their advanced condition at July 15th it was evident that the larvee must have emerged from the hibernated eggs in the last days of May, as we found the brood well on in the penultimate stage. It is characterized as follows : Head normal, well rounded, shining and of golden-russet colour, mouth-parts tipped with brown ; width, 2.4 mm. Body cylindrical, a little larger at the middle in this stage. The dorsal line is broad and continuous ; the subdorsal equally pronounced, except on the first four abdominal segments, where it is lost. The colour is a pale, burnt-sienna ground, on which the dull yellowish-white stripes are plainly shown. The shield on joint one is fully as wide as the head and nearly covers the segment above. It is paler than the head, shining, of a honey-yellow hue, edged laterally with black. The tubercles are small and nearly of one size ; IV, the largest of the lateral ones, is the size of the spiracle ; the Jatter shining black, the tubercles brownish-black. I and II on joint eleven form the corners of a pronounced square, and are not con- fluent. The anal and leg plates are normal and agree with the thoracic in texture. There is no symptom of the accessory tubercle IVa on joint ten. Length, 40-43 mm. Maturity finds the larva a little more robust, the colour faded to a soiled whitish translucence, with the lines lost or nearly so. The tubercles THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 are smaller and fainter, otherwise no change. Plates the same, the thoracic is the most noticeable marking. Length, 43-45 mm. Larve at Buffalo became normally mature July 22-28 ; the parasitized or diseased examples are in evidence some days later. JVecopina larve belong to the major section of the genus in having the continuous dorsal line and no accessory tubercle [Va on joint ten. Excepting a very slight degree of colour or size, there is little to differentiate them from a dozen other species. The pupal change occurs outside of the boring under a slight depth of soil or refuse. It is a very normal pupa, and shows no character of individuality. The head and thoracic region are smooth, and show no unusual development. The anal spur consists of two minute points. Coleur glossy chestnut-brown. Length, 20-24 mm. The dates of emergence for a dozen specimens are Aug. 24th to Sept. gth. This species does not occur at Rye, N. Y., but seems most diffused north and north-westward. Jmperturbata, Bird, from Western Pennsyl- vania, appears to be a geographical race, of smaller size and having paler secondaries. An absence of larval difference points to this end; though a different food-plant, a pupal change in the burrow and a slightly later emergence bespeak some individuality from the features prevailing in the Buffalo colonies of xecopina. Establishing the identity of Grote’s species leaves the local form, discovered many years ago by the writer, without name, and for which the following is proposed : Papaipema maritima, n. sp.—Ground colour of the imago dark grayish-brown, or it may become somewhat olivaceous. Head is of the darker shade, the white scales at the base of the antennz are not seen in this species. The antenne are simple, a little heavier in the male. The vestiture of the thorax is heavy and looser than with most species, of the uniform ground hue densely powdered with grayish-white atoms. The erect thoracic tuft is loose, of conical form rather than the adze shape which usually holds. At rest it is tilted a little forward of perpendicular. The abdomen lacks the white powderings and the tufts are hardly discern- ible. The denuded head is perfectly smooth in front. Primaries nearly uniform in colour, powdered with grayish-white scales, the median space slightly darker ; the t. p. line may be faintly made out, though it is never prominent. The t. a. line is still more faint, but it can usually be seen in the lower half of its course ; both are indistinctly double. Ordinary spots 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. wanting. Secondaries dark smoky, the veins a little darker; a vague median shade line usually shows above. Beneath the wings are a lighter or mouse-gray, well powdered, especially the secondaries, across which the median line is traced in the dark ground colour. The sexual characters of the male are of the normal pattern. Expanse, 44 to 48 mm. Habitat: The Atlantic seaboard in the neighbouring latitude of New York City. One hundred and eight examples without mar or blemish are before the writer, and show scarcely any variation. In point of size their con- stancy is quite remarkable for the genus, and the phase of variation consists in a tendency of the ground colour to fade to an olivaceous hue. It is a rather heavy and broad winged species, larger and darker than necopina, has thet. p. line more conspicuous and lacks the bluish tone of the subterminal space which generally holds with the latter. A great many specimens have been disseminated from Rye under the zecopina label, and attention must now be called to their incorrect determination. Co-types will go to the U. S. National and the British Museums. Confined with their growing food-plant, these moths mate and oviposit sparingly. The ova are placed singly, or in clusters of several, about the base of the plant and live over the winter. The egg is nearly globular, the lateral diameter greatest, measuring nearly .7 mm, Colour is pale, shading yellowish, or in some cases toa flesh tint. Its period extends from the middle of October to first of June. The young larvee, upon hatching, at once enter the stems of the food-plant about two inches up and begin feeding, the original entrance serving as an orifice for disposing waste. They are very slender and delicate, yet able to bite their way into the solid stem. The first pair of abdominal legs are aborted and the larva moves ina semilooping manner. On entering the second stage the dark central portion of the body be- comes evident and the white longitudinal lines appear, but all are discontinued on the first four abdominal segments. We are now able to place the larva in that section containing cerussata, sciata, inguesita, etc , and from this time to maturity this prominent feature continues. June 28th finds them well on in the third stage; a period of nine days per stage seems to prevail, as with other species. Larve now measure 24 mm. in length, and are of the usual smooth cylindrical form. The rounded head is of a golden-yellow hue, does not show the black side line as it occurs in nitela and others; width, 1.9 mm. The longitudinal lines on the thoracic THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 joints are white and overbalance the dark purplish-brown body colour ; dorsal line narrower than subdorsal or substigmatal ; they do not entirely cross these joints, but end at the middle of the third segment ; their continuation on the last five joints shows the ground colour appearing in a stripe of width equal to the lines. The dorsal is here as wide as the subdorsal, but the substigmatal becomes blended with the white of the under side. The inception of these lines is really on the posterior edge of joint seven, as it plainly crosses the suture between seven and eight. The appearance of such a contrasting and queerly-marked larva seems odd for a boring species where little colour generally occurs, but it is conventional for Papaipema, and we are enabled by a little change in this pattern and some structural details to arrange the species in a very convenient table. While at variance with the disposition of the moths in some respects, it 1s to be considered more fundamental, doubtless. The tubercle arrangement is normal for the stage ; on joints two and three I, II and IIIa are small and in line directly across the segment; III, IV and V are large, in triangular setting ; IV very large, the size of the other two combined. On the abdominal segments this one is not quite so large, yet it exceeds the others ; all are shining black, and bear a single, stiff, fine seta, nearly a millimeter in length. ‘The thoracic and anal plates are as usual, the former edged with black at its lower side. The features hold through the succeeding stages, the colour becoming lighter with each moult and the tubercles proportionately smaller. At maturity we have a translucent, whitish larva, which tapers more posteriorly than any other, the anal extremity with its protective shield being proportionately very small. The tubercles can scarcely be discerned even with a lens; III and IV on the thoracic joints being the only conspicuous ones. Even I and II on joint twelve, which usually hold their prominence, have faded to uncertain definition. The thoracic plate loses its black edging, but remains as wide as the head. Well-developed larve attain a length of 52 mm. Maturity is reached about Aug. 15th, and pupation occurs within the boring. The pupa differs from any other species in possessing two small tubercles in front, one between the antenne, the other slightly above. It might be expected the moth would show a corresponding structure, but this does not occur. At the middle of the thoracic region the pupa shows a slight constriction and the abdominal segments taper more than usual. It is extremely active, and can bend toa greater angle than others. When disturbed, as they so frequently are, they revolve rapidly, standing upright 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. on the anal extremity and bend until the head rests against the wall of the gallery. Length, 25 mm.; emergence Sept. 23rd to Oct. roth. The habits of maritima have been extensively observed, for it is so easily located, and its near-by occurrence has placed it conspicuously befere the writer, during the fifteen years following its first discovery. Yet in all this time there has never been seen a single moth at large, though they breed within a few hundred yards of windows, where for many years all comers to light were welcome. At sugar, at electric light, or gas lamp, never a specimen ; it would remain unknown to us still if we had never lifted the lid of a breeding-box. This secretive and inactive condition becomes conspicuous when it can be said thousands of larvee have no doubt been noticed in this Rye locality and hundreds of the moths reared without serious effort. Like their congeners, they are very punctual in their date for emergence each year, and a glance at the calendar will note the day for gathering a supply of the ripe pup. Still their concerted emergence will be influenced by weather conditions to some extent ; a warm sunny day following the- cold or wet conditions that appear in early fall will find them coming out in numbers, most notably in the evening hours, between eight and ten. The food-plant is He/ianthus giganteus, and it makes an admirable plant for the operations of a boring larva. While there is ample stem, wherein such examples as cataphracta and others are wont to extensively tunnel when they happen to select it, maritima works only at the base, and the plant which is growing rapidly at the time of the intrusion coun- terbalances the effect by the formation of a large gall directly above the root. These ovate swellings, sometimes more than twice the diameter of the plant, and an inch and a half across, give easy intimation of the larval presence. An old and vigorous root clump may frequently harbour eight or ten larvee, and usually the last year’s galls may be also seen, though a single stem is never tenanted by more than one. And while this gall formation is an individual feature of the species, it is the neat door they prepare for the emergence of the moth that has always interested the writer. The last act of the larva before the final ecdysis is to gnaw a U-shaped opening through the walls of the gall to the epidermis, which is left intact, except that around the lower periphery minute perforations are made. None are made across the top, however, and in a few days this skin becomes dry from receiving no sap, shrinks a little and breaks free at the bottom, while it hangs very nicely from the top where no perforations were made. Without this door the moth could not possibly escape, and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 63 while other species make a similar exit and leave a portion of the epidermis over the opening, there is no apparent design in the matter. So the most gentle push will swing this portal from within, and, unfortunately, a similar pressure will answer from without, a fact soon discovered by the vulgar herd. But maritima has never had any experience with the outside world, and soon its handiwork is destroyed by the scores of stragglers that are ever seeking the seclusion afforded by such a commodious chamber, and a perfect door is rarely opened by the moth for which it was intended. Conditions which make maritima especially favourable for observation are directly traceable to the food-plant, and it is a pleasure to conceive we can now see it at work in a manner that prevailed primitively. In Helianthus giganteus we meet a plant which flourishes many years from its root-clump without change, sending up rugged stems, often a dozen or more, to the height of eight feet, each succeeding year. It is one of those strong, coarse weeds that easily work out their salvation in the competition with their neighbours, and is naturally well disseminated. While a plant of the open, it attains greatest perfection in those semi-swampy conditions that prevail where the fresh-water streams of long ago have met the arms of the sea and deposited at tide-water level the rich humus and peat formation that have been the accumulations of centuries. The north shore of Long Island Sound presents innumerable instances of this nature, and from their underlying peaty deposits and the slightly saline character, a certain portion of these areas is immune from the advance of an arboreal growth, and the primitive forest never claimed them. Here the flora is naturally somewhat unique, and the insect life, of course, conforms to it. Our Papaipema species have not been slow to avail themselves of such con- ditions, an evidence of their aristocratic proclivities, and flourish here according to a more or less prearranged schedule. Furthest out where the salt-meadow conditions prevail and where the spring tides overflow the soil twice monthly, grows a luxuriant fringe of Solidago sempervirens, its roots deep in the meadow muck and containing P. duovata. Immedi- ately inside this He/ianthus giganteus begins to appear where a_ handful of upland soil serves to temper the muck, and maritima will be found in the outermost vanguards. From the moment upland proper begins there is a revel of those rank plants which perennially hold their own ; the coarse Aster umbellatus tenanted by P. impecuniosa, Lilium superbum a choice tit-bit for cataphracta, Cicuta maculata containing marginidens, and Lhalictrum polygamum with its ever-present frigida. As we come to 64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the shade of the encroaching wood, we find the Brakes tenanted by inquesita and fpterisii, the Speedwell with its sctata, the Ironweed with cerussata in its crown. In the deeper shadows Cod/insonia Canadensis shelters both astuta and duplicata. If fortunate in the locality, the Heracleum lanatum may contain Harrisiz. - Ont. 7; 1 sOiawan seve s 4 ee ONC A WIA kote Saati erie UN uote fob Nea. cat sea ~a@uebec @ue..; POA Waser. 2 ch i MDE ena B. ne TR ea i ae eat .Ottawa.. i ..Macdonald College, Que.... Obtawas ve ake: ee relat ThA, Wen See aes wun teeter oS MEE ae) HT Widener co tos oan aus a MiOMtreal” se sr 21 RORONMKOVRR toe Shad Se ish Eons tn are AROMA Willa = Sos un out WCLOnia, soG ss ; Zé Aue SAR ENS Ey aS Kia: 5 fic Fath .. Macdonald Collepe: Gite Aa .. Ottawa. i New Brunswick, N. J. .. Ottawa. i SOrOnto east Sil fovea 1h Ah My treats Seer ea ae Scrat vale MH Coa OA WA. 5 Sena c Ree. c Seeialermy NaC. . sas ELSE Ge A ae aoe .. Winnipeg, Man...... One Ole On on ene Cn On enone OVO cn ton ken nue sem een Gn (Ouse On On. en \Cn. nem Cr Ons Crm Crs Cray Ct. ar 216 Dr. E. THE iT Walker ad ss. cbc eae Prof. H. F. Wickham... Reem WilsOnr. cone epee roth. LaeWasnburte. 6 Hii) ADAMS os on 0 tee A. E. Attwood... E Cniddle... Ri Oi: ‘Garter <.'s'\3¢ RevG. Eifrig...... 5-5 “Gibson... A. G. Gilbert... Jas. Ve | John Reade. Mrs. M. P. nbetbia nays. H. A. and Master Allen 1). tape: Bishop.... Paul A. Cobbald.. Miss A. M. a2.°G, “Cansphell 53.53 werey Griddle... 22.5% Stuart Criddle.... HW. Charlton; ..... Ts. Ceesar.< G. Chagnon..... A. T. Charron.. W. B. Dawson.. Prof. J. Fowler. A friend . Miss M, L. “Grist: Dr ©, Bletz, . . J. Labarthe.. W. H. T. Megill .. Prof. S. B. McCready. Prof AL: dD. ite deee D. H. Nelles.. C. P. Newman. Dr. W. W. Be eenuils: Jos. “Perrin ..t%: ¢ Proncts, V. Pipers; CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, /TLOTropto +455 :. Lowa ‘City, Jas, | | | F Vancouver, Baar. ih .. St. Anthony Park, Minn.... > Guelph, Ontyis. > Y Otiawaie. Pers . Treesbank, Man... ae (se @ eo ee Fort Qu’ Appelle, Sask... » OUaWaA.. a .. Berlin, Germany..... .. Montreal .. SMO RAN A Sct diee ys ; Ottawa. ...Guelph, batts o. Montreat’ 2.452 sts stOMawa s feu 236 a5 .. Kingston, Ont.... _ OvERWA Ls bs. ere, Bek es «> «2 SOLAS: i rae ee 5 Wek Guelph, Ont...... - althaga. “IN: -V-as 4 ees Cis |p eee ; .. Lachine, Que.. .. Detroit, Mich... . . Selalifax: AAG. aS prohibit copulatory union of 4 : the sexes,—the best possible roof of specific isolation. Fic. 7.—1, Copulatory spicule in Omus Tularensts ; ca y P ; 2, same in O. Dunn; 3, Same in O. parwicollis; 4,same These drawings are not In any - * in O. lugubris ; 5, same in O. elongatus. case foreshortened, but are the accurately delineated outlines as seen in a direction truly perpendicular to the plane of the lateral face of the organ. In the case of e/ongatus the intromittent spicule is so aberrant that I carefully looked for some evidence of accidental] deformation, but could find none ; the substance of the spicule is densely chitinized, and, viewed under higher power, betrays no indication of injury ; but the divergence from the usual conformation is so radical, in a species not notably aberrant otherwise, that I do not desire to maintain definitely that we may not be dealing here with a most remarkable deformity in the unique type of the species. In regard to sculpture of the elytra, Dr. W. Horn states that it is without weight in distinguishing species, referring particularly to the extreme case of punctifrons and confluens ; but, on the other hand, Dr. G. H. Horn states, in the remarks under his description of LeContei: “ The elytral sculpture is remarkably uniform in all the specimens of Omus that ho Or Or THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. have passed through my hands, scarcely any variation occurring in many individuals of all the species examined.”* As far as I have been able to observe, in series of individuals known to have been collected together in one environment, there is comparatively little variability in sculpture, so that radical departures in this respect are virtually sure signs of specific or subspecific difference. The genus Omus may be divided into three quasi-subgeneric groups of species, each distinguished by a remarkable peculiarity of habitus, as follows : Pronotum without tactile seta along the side margins. Elytra with very large and conspicuous fovez ; species stout and of lange size: » Northern, Coast. TegiODS ti..4 4. 2 seee Group I (Dejzeanz) Elytra with small and more or less inconspicuous fovee ; species smaller, more abundant in the southern regions and disappearing through smaller and more depauperate forms to the northward. Group II ( Cadtifornicus ) Pronotum with numerous tactile setee along each side margin ; body sub- metallic ; form rather slender and subcylindric ; foveee inconspicuous. Group III (submetallicus ) The Dejeani group, composed of Dejzeani alone, is so well known that it needs no further attention here ; and the swdmetadl/icus group, also at present monotypic, is completely unknown outside of the Horn collec- tion ; so my remarks are here limited to the Ca/ifornicus group only. This group is remarkably plastic, and consequently rich in species and subspecies, as may be inferred from the following tabular statement : PpCBIESTOLL Ie COUSUMERIONS eavial inne tie Moa, Ne. SVMS Rahs oe mecles On the Sierras art. wes ster eeen eid pees RETA YE fae tire *So the doctors disagree, as in the trite old saying, and, in the dilemma thus created, the average collector knows not which horn to seize. My own opinion is that if Dr. W. Horn had exercised even slight acumen in dealing with his material, he would have seen that nearly all the erratic variation in sculpture that he announces is due to confusing and mingling together different taxonomic units ; call these units what he may, they are constant and fixed forms, which have developed in the numerous isolated valleys of the broken mountain regions of California, or at different elevations, and it serves no useful purpose to refuse to give them proper value, besides leading to needless complexity in nomencla- ture. There is nothing gained by holding that what are commonly known as subgenera or well-marked groups of species are the only real species, and then stringing out from each numerous impossible categories of subsidiary forms. If the binomial, and possibly even the trinomial, system is not to be lost in chaos, we must descend from such an unphilosophically exalted idea of species. 256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST: 2—Elytra more gradually narrowed behind from only slightly behind the middle, the apex acutely ogival, their surface coarsely and very irregularly punctate, with the foveee deep and evident. Northern TERIOMS: 4.556 :4 ago Rb bee ete wpringaks mp RAR vepheare) >, ap pelsiains 8-6 aing i ein eee Elytra more rapidly converging and rounded in about apical third, except in ZeContei. Regions near San Francisco and to the southward...4 3—Pronotum rapidly and deeply declivous laterally toward apex, so that the anterior angles are scarcely at all observable from a vertical viewpoint, the ruge obsolescent medially. Length, ~, 12.5-13.5, 9, 14.0-15.5 mm.; width, a 4-7-5.0, 9, 5.5-5.8 mm. Oregon and Washington State. ied et: PEC .. Audouini, Rche. Pronotum and general form of the wiles as in aa except that the elytra are more elongate, more obtuse at apex, elliptical, less convex, similarly devoid of humeri in the male, and rather less irregularly, though very coarsely punctate ; the head and labrum similar, except that the upper surface is coarsely and deeply rugose throughout, without smoother or punctate medial anterior region, the pronotum similar in form but deeply and conspicuously rugose throughout, almost as strongly as in Cadifornicus ; colour deep black. Length, ¢, 14.0 mm.; width, 5.1 mm. Probably Northern California. mimus, N. SP. Pronotum not rapidly declivous laterally, with the apical angles fully visible from above. Body deep black, more shining than in Audouini ; head more strongly bi-impressed, feebly rugose, finely, sparsely punctate medially toward the epistoma, the labrum with a broadly trapezoidal projection and very few widely-spaced punctures, not broadly arcuate medially as in the two preceding ; prothorax rather more transverse and relatively larger, moderately obtrapezoidal, with feebly and subevenly arcuate sides, the side margins coming far from attaining the basal bead, the surface rugose, less obsoletely so medially than in Avdouini ; elytra three-fifths longer than wide, only about a third wider than the prothorax, with less evident humeri in — the female, but nearly similar, though rather less irregular sculpture. Length, 9, 14.8 mm.; width, 5.5 mm. Oregon ....d0rea/is, n. sp. 4—Pronotum strongly and deeply vermiculato-rugose throughout......5. Pronotum feebly, though very evidently rugose, and likewise subequally so throughout; size generally larger, the form tending to greater Clon gation: +. saie eisai a ss ss .-ss, soled Aas a ee 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 257 5—Body strongly convex, deep black, shining ; head broadly bi-impressed anteriorly, coarsely rugose, more finely and feebly anteriorly, but not punctulate, the labrum with a rather narrow truncate median projec- tion ; pronotum not rapidly declivous laterally, the anterior angles distinct from above, the sides broadly rounded, more converging basally, the lateral margins attaining the basal bead, the surface strongly rugose throughout; elytra snort, three-fifths longer than wide, oval, the humeri rather evident, though broadly rounded and subequally so in both sexes, the surface coarsely, closely and irregu- larly punctate, with the deep foveee evident. Length, ¢, 13.0, 2, 16.0 mm; width, ¢, 5.3, 9, 6.0 mm. Near San Francisco. Abundant. [ ¢ = Hornianus, W. Horn]......... Californicus, Esch. A—Rather less convex, slightly larger and less ventricose, the elytra notably more. elongate, deep black, almost as shining ; head with the rugz less coarse and much deeper throughout, the labrum broadly and evenly arcuate medially ; prothorax relatively a little larger in the male and more nearly equal in relative size in the two sexes, the sides still more rapidly converging behind the middle in the male, the ruge even deeper and similarly equal and dense throughout ; elytra more elongate, the sculpture rather less coarse, less irregular and rather denser; male and female more nearly equal in size. Length, 3,?, 14.5-16.0 mm.; width, 5.3—6.0 mm. Wapan County sacra 2 ck soos s nal aoe oe wee eee te sculptilis, Csy. 6—Elytra widest before the middle, gradually narrowing and with less arcuate sides thence to the apex, black, shining, the head sparsely rugose, smooth anteriorly ; prothorax slightly wider than long, obtrapezoidal, the sides arcuate and gradually converging to the base, the surface feebly shining, intricately wrinkled, but not so strongly as in Californicus, the median Jine nearly obsolete, the anterior trans- verse impression very faint ; elytra shining, with large punctures, each distinct and with feeble fovee. Length, ¢, 17.0 mm. Vicinity of VTAMECES VN, :c Aces werd! a Ne eR Ee eS LeContei, G. H. Horn Elytra regularly oval or, in the female, slightly shouldered, widest at about the middle.. ee Peete Sree nce ne enn Se = ete) 4—Pronotum striae nisin saediauly: sdiusewy lies as in seguolarum. ‘Difiers from ZeContei in having the head anteriorly finely rugulose and the median stria of the pronotum almost obsolete ; antenne long and _ stout ; hypomera broadly visible from above. Length, 16.0-18.5 mm. Probably from vicinity of Monterey ; possibly a composite, the male 258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, being one species and the female another from a different zoological ROT, SGN Nad Soatg sede 3? Od eat ae pee Fuchsi, W. Horn Pronotum evidently convex throughout, the transverse anterior line and median sttia Oth very Gistnet. ! | canly.s> uintal pulse te cere eae 8 8—Vermiculate rugulosity of the pronotum very coarse, broad and unusually feebie. Deep black, shining; head with very coarse though rather shallow rugee, becoming smooth and punctureless only along the epistomal suture medially, the labrum broadly arcuate and uneven medially ; antenne moderate ; prothorax slightly transverse, moder- ately narrowed at base, the sides notably arcuate, becoming parallel in about apical third ; elytra evenly elongate-elliptical, without humeri (4), the punctures rather small and notably sparse throughout. og ¢, 16.5 mm.; width,5 8 mm. Near San Francisco, G. W. Dunn. Sle aah eta Soares tts’, SEMA HOME OR 5 Sa. ee tone ae nn Vermiculate it ya of the pronotum fine, close and much deeper, but not so strong as in Cadifornicus. Similarly deep black and shining, strongly convex and less elongate: head more finely wrinkled, but otherwise nearly similar ; prothorax nearly similar in form, but very much more finely and relatively more strongly rugulose ; elytra much shorter and with feeble humeri in the male, much more pronounced in the female, the punctures rather small and sparse, though deep, the foveze small and sparse. Length, ¢,9, 15.5-16.0 mm.; width, 5-7-6.0 mm. Vicinity of San Francisco, G. W. Dunn. . Dunant, n. sp. A—More elongate, but otherwise nearly similar, strongly convex ; head similar, but with a more abruptly-defined and smoother medial area at apex, the labrum differing decidedly in having an abrupt trun- cate medial projection, which is feebler in the female ; prothorax nearly similar ; elytra similar in general form in both sexes, but notably more elongate and with the punctures much larger, deeper and more close-set, the fovez evident. Length, ¢,9, 16.0-17.5 imm.; width, 5.6-6.25 mm. Monterey Co. (Carmel), Chas, FUCHS 5, <2 PET T TPO te Pee se ge B—Still narrower, eae more elongate and less convex, also less shining, deep black; head nearly as in regudaris and deeply bi-impressed anteriorly, more coarsely rugose, the anterior smooth area evident, the labrum similar, the eyes somewhat larger ; pro- thorax similar ; elytra subdepressed, similarly elongate but more - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 259 3 evenly elliptical (g) and with barely a trace of humeri, the punc- tures much smaller and sparser, being more nearly as in Dunni. Length, ¢, 15.0 mm.; width, 5.1 mm. Monterey Co. maritimus, n. subsp. g—Form more elongate and generally more shining................10 Form stouter and usually duller in lustre, frequently opaculate........20 1o—Elytra strongly convex; body rather large, usually notably slender, with the head and prothorax smaller as a rule. Species more southern YA Vet 9 SE ey aCe ae RO ft SOPH hr RE Re Ny ON A .11 Elytra less convex, frequently somewhat depressed, the head and prothorax relatively larger. Species of the middle or more northern Sierras. 15 11—Elytra elliptical, widest in front of the middl2, moderately convex, closely, not deeply punctate, confusedly so toward apex. Moderately stout, deep black and shining ; head moderate, rugulose throughout, except at the middle of the front, where it is smooth and sparsely punctate, the anterior impressions feeble; labrum bisinuate, the median lobe arcuately advanced ; antennz moderate ; prothorax with the sides moderately converging to the base, feebly arcuate, the surface rugulose throughout, but not deeply, the median stria very fine, the fine side margins attaining the base. Length, 17.0 mm. Mariposa Or (COUMELVINE)mercwa. Se jete sets eae w vis} flstars.s ova SRE TIGL LIS ene PU VicreWIGesc Abt ae TmMIGGle, COMVEK sc c:s cts sce chores Stas sia B altns omsasra. ws ae 12 12—Elytral punctures smali and widely separated..................13 Elytral punctures larger, deeper, more rounded saa artdwly though (cleaniyOSEDATALGd yas cic as « Bai ay RIN ots 14 13—Form very siotives the rental afte af thé Head alseek smooth but never distinctly punctate, the vertex with two not very widely separated, small smoother spots between the eyes, the spots not impressed. Form more parallel, black ; head and elytra moderately shining, somewhat alutaceous, the pronotum subopaque ; head feebly rugose almost throughout, the frontal impressions large, moderate in depth; labrum broadly arcuate medially, the antenne long and somewhat slender ; prothorax larger, two-thirds as wide as elytra (4 ), wider than long, the sides strongly converging behind about apical third, paraJlel anteriorly, the surface finely but distinctly vermicu- late throughout ; elytra twice as long as wide, elliptic, without humeri (3g), the two series of fovez distinct, the punctures strong, but small and widely separated. Length, ¢,17.5 mm.; width, 6.0mm. Tulare Co, Without more accurate indication of locality. ..procerus, n. sp. 260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A—Form less parallel, the head and prothorax relatively very much smaller in both sexes, the latter but little more than half as wide as the elytra ; other characters nearly as in procerus, except that the prothorax is not wider than long ( ¢), or but slightly so (@), and with the regulosity still feebler, sometimes almost obliterated ; elytral punctures still finer, very small and decidedly sparse, the fovez smaller and less evident, the humeri wanting (4) or feebly evident (?). Length, ¢,15.5-17.5, 9, 18.0-20.0 mm.; width, g, 5.6-6.4, 9, 6.7-7.0 mm. Tulare’ Co. (Redwood and Mabel Creeks and Watson Springs). The largest female is less shining than the other examples, in fact almost opaque, and has the head and prothorax relatively somewhat larger, with the sides of the latter rather more rounding basally and with its surface more finely and evidently. ragulose ; «>... 2... 2% ass Bes os vs POFOOMIS . SUDS EE Form less elongate, deep black, slightly alutaceous, the head rugose, feebly, obliquely bi-impressed anteriorly, with the median apical surface not smooth, but evidently though finely and confusedly to transversely rugulose, the vertex between the eyes with two small and rounded, smoother and usually well impressed spots. Labrum broadly arcuate medially; antenne less elongate; prothorax wider than long, decidedly transverse in the female, strongly obtrapezoidal, the con- verging sides becoming nearly straight basally, more rounded anteriorly, the surface finely but evidently rugose throughout ; elytra moderately elongate, convex, barely at all shouldered (¢), or very evidently so (?), the punctures rather small but deep, and widely separated, their bottoms briefly sublineiform. Length, ¢, 16.0-17.0, 2,17.5-19 5 mm.; width, 3, 5.8mm., 9, 6.6-7.0 mm. Calaveras Co. (Mokalumne Hill), F. E. Blaisdell.:...... ... Blatsdelli, n, sp. 14—Form nearly as in S/aisde//i, deep black, rather shining, more so beneath as usual ; head rugose, finely and feebly so in the middle anteriorly, the two spots of the vertex larger, not impressed and with coarser, more vorticiform rugze; labrum very broadly arcuate medially, the antennze moderate; prothorax obtrapezoidal, wider than long, the converging sides slightly more arcuate basally, strongly rounding anteriorly, the surface evidently though not strongly vermiculato-rugose throughout, the transverse impressions and median stria distinct; elytra moderately elongate, convex, feebly shouldered (¢), or rather evidently so (?), the punctures coarse, — THE CANADIAN. ENTOMOLOGIST. 261 deep, more rounded, isolated though notso sparse as in the preceding forms. Leugth, 3, 2, 17-0-19.5 mm.; width, 6.1-7.3 mm. El Worado:Cor(Placerville) .i.5 ose ek ond ae OHIO FP Epennes, Ne. Sp. 15—Larger species, the front nearly smooth medially at apex ; prothorax unusually narrowly rounded and prominent at the sides at apex, and more rapidly narrowed thence to the base than in any other species except Dejeani, the sides straight, the reflexed lateral margin more prominent near the base than elsewhere, owing to the greater lateral depression of the Surface at this ‘point 252... 2.4.02. ee es DO Small species, the front always finely but distinctly punctured in the middle anteriorly ; prothorax more normal in form, less narrowed basally, the sides more broadly rounded anteriorly, the reflexed margin not more prominent near the base; elytra only feebly COMME, He ete the een NT SAE es At: «aE EEE NG oes soe ec, Se 16—Elytra shorter, about one-half longer than wide, broadly and more evenly convex, shining black, the elytra deep piceous-black ; head with two long oblique anterior impressions, very feebly rugulose, smooth anteriorly, the labrum broadly, evenly arcuate medially and not much produced ; antenne moderately stout ; prothorax with the apical width scarcely exceeding the length (¢), the surface shining, the rugulosity fine and feeble, the transverse impressions and median stria strong ; elytra distinctly shouldered, finely and sparsely punc- tate, the foveze very few and subobsolete. Length, ¢, 16.0 mm.; width 6.1 mm. Placer Co. (Lake Tahoe, apparently confined to that [COALS Seas ae ek ee RL EE eNO Nira My Oe A—Nearly similar, shining, black, the elytra not obviously piceous, the rugulosity of the head and pronotum much stronger, the labrum strongly produced in the middle in a somewhat narrowly and abruptly truncate trapezoidal median lobe ; elytra strongly shoul- dered (9), the punctures similarly small and sparse but more impressed, the fovez larger, more distinct and more numerous but still few in number and only moderately evident. Length, 9, 15.0:1mm:; width, 6.5 nim; _Placer:Cow.. os. . 5+ Jobatus, n. subsp. Elytra decidedly more elongate, relatively narrower, more than one-half longer than wide and distinctly flattened. Body deep black throughout, the elytra not paler, shining; labrum throughout as in lobatus, strongly produced and trapezoidal medially ; head obliquely impressed anteriorly, smooth between the impressions, elsewhere THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. distinctly rugose ; prothorax with the apical width decidedly greater than the median length, finely, densely rugulose and somewhat alutaceous or dullish; elytra evidently shouldered, subequally so in the sexes, much narrower in the male, the punctures deeply impressed, moderately small, partially sublineiform, well separated discally, larger and densely crowded laterally and apically. Length, d, 2, 16.5-17.0 mm.; width, 6.1-6.7 mm. Placer Co. montanus, Csy. A—Almost as in montanus but still more slender in the male, and stouter, with relatively larger prothorax in the female, shining and deep black throughout; prothorax similar in form but very highly polished, the rugulosity not so dense though almost as evident throughout ; elytra similar in general form, but with the punctures very small and sparse suturally, becoming much larger but still well separated laterally, partially confused apically. Length, ¢, ?, 14.7-17.5 mm.; width, 5.7-6.8 mm. Placer Co. lucidicollis, n. subsp. B—Body rather more abbreviated, the prothorax notably shorter, shining, dark piceous throughout ; prothorax sculptured as in the preceding but not quite so lustrous, though more so than in montanus; elytra(?) as narrow as in the male of montanus, similarly shouldered, the punctures much larger than in either of the preceding, more rounded, deejly impressed, less widely separated suturally, becoming coarse, deep and crowded laterally and apically. Length, 2, 16.0 mm.; width, 5.9 mm. Placer Co. brunnescens, n. subsp. 17—Labrum trapezoidal and rather en ae advanced presse with the apex truncate.).~ ...'+: ° retbS .18 Labium very neal and epinly arcuate vind Baty very slight aiWvanetel 18— medially .. 71% are -19 Form fathes deni ( 9 ), black, “moderatetyt vidbines : Snead ‘pith: two small shallow impressions anteriorly, in great part feebly rugose ; antenne moderate ; prothorax slightly wider than long, the sides very feebly arcuate, becoming rounded and parallel in apical third, the surface rather strongly but not very closely vermiculato-rugose, the median stria very fine and feeble; elytra three-fifths longer than wide, scarcely at all shouldered, gradually ogivally pointed behind, the punctures coarse but well separated suturally, becoming scarcely so large but deeper and very close-set laterally, each puncture with a —— THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 263 pronounced asperity at its anterior margin, the interspaces with a few very fine and extremely feeble scattered punctules. Length, 2, 14 5 mm.; width, 5.4 mm. _ Levette ee oe eee from the middle Sierras. Soe ae ; ; Viistin” cae pUMCliprons Csy. A— Sinilan, ceucapt tha lie rane is fully as stout as the female of punctifrons, and the labrum, instead of having the usual close-set series of, setiferous punctures, is smooth, polished and with only four apical punctures, omitting those at the angles ; prothorax similar ; elytra more shouldered, much more rounded and obtuse at apex and with the punctures smaller, much closer and irregularly subconfluent throughout, the fovez similarly larger than usual but very few in number and not conspicuous. Length, ¢, t4.0 mm.; width, -5.3;mm)- ssletiay, Co... 4 sacs. 2 deta ae i odepenenxs ty. subsp, Form (9 ) slightly stouter than in pumnctifrons, the head nearly similar, bit with the rug and anterior punctures finer; prothorax relatively larger, more finely rugulose and rounding and parallel at the sides in apical two-fifths ; elytra more broadly oval, similarly acute at tip but more snouldered at base, the margins more strongly reflexed, and the punctures smaller and densely confluent throughout. Length, 2, 14.2 mm.; width, 5.6 mm. Origin as in punctifrons ..confluens, Csy. 19—Body (¢) decidedly slender but with relatively rather large pro- thorax, deep black, alutaceous, the elytra shining ; head very finely wrinkled, the anterior impressions large but shallow; prothorax distinctly wider than long, much wider than the head, of the usual form in this group, densely and rather strongly rugulose throughout, the transverse impressions and median stria feeble ; elytra scarcely more than one-half longer than wide, feebly shouldered, gradually obtusely parabolic apically, the punctures coarse, irregular, rather evidently separated, the interstices shining with faint alutaceous lusire. Length, ¢, 14.0 mm.; width, 5.1mm. Placer Co. .fraterculus, n. sp. 2z2o—Pronotum finely and generally closely but obviously wrinkled throughout ; head rugose, obliquely bi-impressed anteriorly, with the intermediate surface smoother and more or less distinctly, ye punctate, as in the preceding group. Paitin we degione miairat ets Lot Pronotum smooth centrally, the vaviivnlate dealifiite wheal abebiete: 21—Elytral punctures moderate, rather close-set. Body deep black, ai in lustre, the elytra more shining ; head rugose; labrum strongly advanced medially ; antennz moderately stout ; prothorax wider than long, only moderately narrowed posteriorly, with the sides more or 264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, less arcuate or more rapidly rounding inwardly at the base, becoming rounded and parallel anteriorly, the side margins sometimes not quite attaining the base, the impressions feeble, the median stria fine ; elytra oblong-oval, widest at the middle, moderately convex, the foveze seldom distinct ; male and female not differing much. Length, 3,2, 15.0-17.0 mm.; width, 6.c-6.4 mm. Calaveras Co., near the “Big FT eGR rit Mbipas oy Besadic yw a-uls wicks viel ek a = yilne ahas UN SOURED RARPRREIO Wea A—Nearly as in seguoiarum, except that the prothorax is relatively larger and rather more narrowed from near the apex to the base, with straighter sides, which however curve similarly inward at base; elytra differing decidedly, being blackish-piceous, more shouldered at base, widest before the middle, the sides thence gradually con- verging and broadly arcuate to the more ogival apex, the punctures somewhat coarser. Length, ¢, 16.5 mm.; width, 6.4 mm. Levette cabinet. Probably from the vicinity of Calaveras Co. /ugudbris, Csy. 22—Elytral punctures coarse, deep and very conspicuous ; sides of the prothorax moderately converging and nearly straight behind apical third, thence strongly and conspicuously rounding to the base, the disc evidently rugose near apex and base throughout the width, SINGUPE RGEIEIy.« Sas 's shale paw bbe =i die te Sas eee alc greet ore Elytral punctures very shallow and much less conspicuous ; sides of the prothorax similarly converging and nearly straight, but much less rounding inwardly at base, the disc nearly smooth apically as well as medially, but rugulose along the base............eesseeeeee. 24 Elytral punctures wholly obsolete, the surface perfectly smooth ; prothorax as in the preceding, but smooth throughout, except toward the sides along the base, the labrum more prominent medially than in either of the preceding BrOnps., . so. vs wh oienleb leat a kk eee oe 23—Body very dull and densely alutaceous throughout above, shining beneath, deep black ; head evidently rugulose, smoother but scarcely punctate anteriorly, the labrum arcuately prominent medially ; antenne short and rather stout ; prothorax much wider than long, with the sides as converging as in Zz/arensis, three-fourths as wide vas the elytra (?), the base broadly bisinuate; elytra widest at the middle, slightly more than one-half ionger than wide, oblong-oval, rather convex, somewhat shouldered at base, rapidly, acutely ogival at apex, the surface strongly micro-reticulate, the punctures sub- contiguous, deeper, better defined and somewhat confused laterally THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ; 265- and apically, the foveze inconspicuous. Length, 9, 15.5 mm.;. width, 6.2 mm. Mariposa Co. (Wawona)...........col/aris, n. sp.. Body smaller, shorter, more ventricose, similarly deep black and notably convex but with relatively smaller head and prothorax, the two latter densely dull, the elytra notably shining ; head very obsoletely rugu- lose, smooth anteriorly, the labrum more unevenly prominent medially, where there is a small feeble sinus ; prothorax distinctly wider than long, the base four-fifths as wide as the apex, barely two-thirds as wide as the elytra, the latter’very short, scarcely one-half longer than wide, widest somewhat behind the middle, very obtuse apically, narrowly shouldered basally, the punctures still larger, notably deeper, more separated and better defined, each similarly with a small anterior asperity. Length, ¢, 14.5 mm.; width, 6.0 mm. Mariposa Co CWiAWONA) ie nesta ed aebtn deitreeays lol. tated dy i, COMPOSPUS ET. SP Body robust, dull black, with a slight silky lustre; head with a few indistinct rugze between the eyes; prothorax but little wider than long, subquadrate, less narrowed behind than in any other species and less. ’ convex, the hind angles rounded ; disc slightly rugose at base and tip, the transverse impressions distinct but not deep, the dorsal line fine ; elytra rather broadly ovate, wider than the prothorax, much rounded on the sides, deeply punctured, with a few larger but not conspicuous punctures intermingled ; legs rather slender, about as in Audouint. Length, 16.3 mm. Yosemite Valley.