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Ce Oe ee ~ ee tee ae Pr Fi, 9% ae F5, re MRE +49 oa ae : ’ +. me % ’ : Pi et Se eh Cie a 1 tat s 4 , if bi - . % Sard he pte tyis 4 SF Brg phe <4 at PN had MMs Sh ee my me ot i : 88 8 Oe De Pw ee ee eS re i a ae i ee By we wt SO he te a a + Fe RE FE ie eh Dah he pay "a 5 ened mete aha ais SEEOMM at Hee Oe re «= + ie op OP a Par er Ok for ee us ON ae aie ae = ee ee Sm Ce en et ry eS ahd ates as Pos a ‘a ala ae? A cee es ae * PSS 4. tae PSP PoP yor ates Fy ee) 7 a ot SH 5 — ; ~ €. J Pe Pic ees) ~ 5 a - >. The Canadian Entomologist VORGNMEE cE. OAs: EDITED, BY. Di. MW OVVAEKER, Biological Department, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO. Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH, ONT. London, Gntario: The London Printing and Lithographing Company, Limited. 1911. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XLIII. ALDRIGH, PROF. J..M.; University ‘ofiidaho.. =. << Moscow, IpbaHo ALEXANDER, CHARLES P., Cornell! University...:.:....2.. 20. Irnaca, N. Y BRAT Te, SES Dos oe ks even tate holes ee Wonka Seat ean. roe nee LoGan, UTAH. BANKS, NATHAN ¢s far sos 4 Roo oe Se it eh nies cr ee East Farts CHurcu, VA. BARNES, DR. WILLIAM... .. DECATUR, ILL. BETHUNE, REV. PROF. C. 7 S. Oats Kone iGollesze BEUTENMULLER, WILLIAM, Am. Mus. Nat. Fist .GUELPH, ONTARIO. NEw YorRK. BIRDS ELEN RY osoc de crcde 2h eke forte aisle arabe onecitane hike «ae ence Rye, N. Y BOWIE CH, - TIRED WG aoe eet acto ct code sain eee ites Ae Ee BROOKLINE, Mass. BUENO, JR, IDE LA TORRE 2 wk otter aaa White Prains, N. Y. BUSCK, AUGUST, U.S. National Museum..................... WasHinGTon, D. C. SAU DEE, “ALIN. Uso) National’ Miussumis.9.- eee cee ene WasuHINGTON, D. C. CHAGNON GUSTAVE. neces seen eee ne heen one ee eee MONTREAL, QUE. CHAMBERLIN, RALPH V.; University of Pennial = 3.3... a0ns: PHILADELPHIA, PA. COBLENTZ, DR. W. W., Bureau of Standards....... Pirin emake: Wasuineoton, D. C. COCKERELE, PRO. ID: COMSTOCK, WM. PHILLIPS COOLIDGE, KARL R COQUILLETT, D. W.., CROSBY, CYRUS R., Cornell University DAVIS, WM. T DOD HE. -H. WOLRILE Mee. as scones eee A., University of Colorado .BouLDER, COLo. BR ea rey ot Is Me a Dee NEWARK, N. J. Rr ee pei eae Pe eA art ara ne PASADENA, CALIF. ° PO ti Nae WASHINGTON, Oe We Seas er ee ara Ney SiS ecm era NERD Se torsos oct ds a NEW BRIGHTON, Si. Ise DAG: AeNig ec _.. MILLARVILLE, ALTA. WERE ORIN, ABS Vis yee hae Rina Cee eee Ree ee eee Hono.vutu, Hawaltt. EWAN S) ND ose Sar oc ee eer eee eee TRENTON, ONT, RE Lae OPS eee ¥ SR OA AEE Oe CSN OOS aarse AxLxgany, N. Y. FYLES, REV. THOMAS W. Es GIBSON, ARTHUR, Central Bepenmental Pen. GIRAULT, A. ARSENE GROSSBECK, JOHN A., HADWEN, DR. HAHN, PAUL. HEATH, E. FIRMSTONE PE ee Pe PIU YP) USER R NL Fn CARTWRIGHT, HEWITT, DR. C. GORDON, HUNTSMAN, DR. A. G., Central Experimental Farm University of Toronto. sealed, 125 (O} Sd eee hanes eee ane OrTawa, ONT. BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA. MA See ee New YORK. SEYMOUR, Dominion Dept. of Agric..........OrTawa, ONT. .. TORONTO, ONT. Man. OTTAWA, ONT. .. LORONTO, ONT. LUDLOW, MISS €. S., Army Medical Museum......... ... ...,.Wasuineton, D, C. a VIMAN, HOHE ee 5 Ao ee ee Montreav P. Q. McDERMOTT, F. ALEX., McDUNNOUGH, DR. JAMES. MACGILIAVRAY, PROF. ALEX) D0) Joos. MORRIS, F. J. A NEWCOMB, Le W NEWCOMER, E. J NORTON, ARTHUR Hi; OSBORN, PROF. PEARSAL Ly esky. Be ROHWER, S. Aes Bureau of Eni noicee: SANDERS, G. Central Experimental ] SCHAEFFER, SWAINE, SWETT, L. W THOMPSON, W. R., PUCKER, f:S:, VAN DUZEE;M. C WALKER, DR. E. M., WICKHAM, H. Basham WILLS ON SH. E:. WINN, ALBERT F. WOLCOTT, A. B., Field Neen of Nat. History.. YOTHERS, MERRILL patie Ueda apnea arm, CHARLES. (0 Gat pies ne WASHINGTON, D. C. 1, DEGATUR ELEL. ..CHAMPAIGN, ILL. Museum of Natural History HE NRY, Ohio State University ee WNYC csi eee RA Vet eat et oy ike one MacponaLp COLLEGE, ... Boston, Mass. SUDA GAY Ne aie Oe OA ae ea tna ak SO ge PC Ne oe TORONTO, ONT. Detroit, MIcuH, PaLo ALTO, CALIF. PORTLAND, MAINE. CoLumMBus, O. BROOKLYN, N. Y. WASHINGTON, D. C. ..OTTAWA, ONT. BROOKLYN, N. Y. P.O: Datvas, TEXaAs BuFFALo, N, Y. .. TORONTO, ONT. -lowa City, Iowa. CORVALLIS, OR. Westmount, P. Q. .. CHIcaco, IL: .. PULLMAN, WASH. The Fanadiay Futomo WOE. SOL. LONDON, JANUARY, roi. No. 1 LEPIDOPTERA TAKEN AT ST. FABIEN, QUE. BY GUSTAVE CHAGNON, MONTREAL. — A small collection of Lepidoptera was made by the writer during the first five days of July last, at St. Fabien, Rimouski County, Que. Owing to the remoteness of the locality from the better collected districts, it was thought advisable to prepare for publication a list of the captures made. St. Fabien is situated at about one and a quarter miles from the St. Lawrence River, and is separated from the latter by a narrow wooded hill about 300 feet high. A beautiful sandy road branches off the main public ‘road, passes at the foot of the hill and leads to the beach. This road for nearly its whole length is thickly bordered with alder, birch, coniferous trees, herbaceous plants and flowers of different kinds, and forms an ideal spot for insects, especially for butterflies. This place was visited several times during the above period; unfortunately, the temperature was not always very suitable. On the second of July an attempt was made to do some collecting at light, but without success, probably due to the coolness of the air. During the earlier part of the evening, before the lantern was set to work, a specimen of Sthenopis guadriguttatus was seen hovering amongst the alder bushes and was captured. Another specimen was seen a few minutes later, but could not be taken. The afternoon and the night of the following day were spent at Lac des Joncs, one of the several lakes in the neighbourhood, and situated about four miles inland of St. Fabien. Some lively trout fishing was done during the greater part of the afternoon, and the evening was spent collecting at light, insects being fairly abundant; unluckily, a heavy rain- storm came down at ten o’clock and lasted until the following morning, when the return to St. Fabien was effected. The captures were : Papilio turnus L.—St. Fabien. Several examples were seen; all had a worn-out appearance. Pontia napi L, var. oleracea Harris.—St. Fabien. One specimen. QAR Y 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Eurymus philodice Godart.—St. Fabien. One specimen captured ; saw two or three others. Argynnis atlantis Edw.—St. Fabien. Common. Brenthis myrina Cramer.—St. Fabien. One specimen much worn out. Charidryas nycteis ). & H.—St. Fabien. Six specimens taken in one little spot, not seen elsewhere. Phyciodes tharos Drury.—St. Fabien. Four specimens. Bastlarchia arthemts Drury.—St. Fabien. One small specimen. LNomiades couperti Grote.—St. Fabien. This fine Blue was the most abundant butterfly, and could be seen at every minute fluttering along the roadside. Pamphila palemon Pallas.—St. Fabien. Four specimens taken ; all in bad condition. Thymelicus mystic Scudder.—St. Fabien. Two specimens, Thanaos brigo Boisd and Lec.—St. Fabien. One specimen. Thanaos tcelus Lintner.—St. Fabien. One specimen. Hemarts diffinis Boisd.—St. Fabien. Several. Sphinx kalmie Smith and Abbot.—Lac des Joncs. Ceratomia undulosa Walker.—Lac des Joncs. Smerinthus jamaicensis Drury.—Lac des Joncs. Alypia langtontt Couper.—-St. Fabien. Apatela dactylina Grote,—Lac des Joncs. Apatela superans Guenée.—Lac des Joncs. Three specimens taken. A patela interrupta Guenée.—Lac des Joncs. Apatela grisea Walker.—Lac des Joncs. Five specimens were cap- tured. Apatela innotata Guenée.—Lac des Joncs. Fladena vultuosa Grote.—Lac des Joncs. Mamestra asstmilis Morr.—Lac des Joncs. Lomanatltes eductalis Walker.—Lac des Joncs. Bomotlocha scutellarts Grote.—Lac des Joncs. Melalopha apicalts Walker.—Lac des Joncs. Datana ministra Drury.— Lac des Joncs. fleterocumpa biundata Walker.—Lac des Joncs. Schizura leptinotdes Grote.—Lac des Joncs. Cerura occidentalis Lintner.—Lac des Joncs. Several examples were taken. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 Habrosyne scripta Grosse.—Lac des Joncs. A good number of these moths were noticed around the camphouse before darkness had completely set in. They had a peculiar flight ; they hovered with a slow up and down motion, much like crane flies sometimes do, Pseudothyatira cymatophoroides Guenée.—Lac des Joncs. Drepana arcuata Walk.—Lac des Joncs. Falcaria bilineata Pack.—Lac des Jones. I am indebted to Mr. L. W. Swett for the identification of some of the following Geometride : Talledega montanata Pack.—Lac des Joncs. Lupithecia russeliata Swett—Lac des Joncs. Identified by Mr. Swett. Lupithecia sp.—One specimen at Lac des Joncs. Remarkable for its long pointed fore wings. Venusia cambrica Curtis.—Lac des Jones. Four specimens. Iden- tified by Mr. Swett. Eucheca albovittata Guenée.—St. Fabien. Rheumaptera hastata Lin.—St. Fabien. Very numerous along the roadside. Petrophora ferrugata Clerck.— Lac des Joncs. Petrophora fluctuata Lin.—Lac des Joncs. Eufidonia notatarta Walk.—Lac des Joncs. Cymatophora brunneata Thunberg.—St. Fabien. - Identified by Mr. Swett. Cleora tndicataria Walk.—Lac des Joncs. Luchlena effectaria Walk.—Lac des Joncs. Metanema tnatomaria Guenée. Lac des Joncs. Azelina ancetaria Hubner.—Lac des Jones. Callizzia amorata Pack.—Lac des Joncs. Evergestis straminalis Hubner.—St. Fabien. Phiyctenta tertialis Guenée.—Lac des Joncs. Pyrausta funebris Strom.—St. Fabien. Pyrausta ochosalis Dyar.—St. Fabien. Crambus hortuelius Hibner.—St. Fabien. Crambus sp.—St. Fabien. Olethreutes bipartitana Clemens.—St. Fabien. Archips persicana Fitch.—St. Fabien. Phatonia vitellinana Zeller.—St. Fabien. Sthenopis gquadriguttatus Grote.—St. Fabien. 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, ON THE GALL-MAKING MOTHS ON SOLIDAGO AND ASTER, WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES. BY AUGUST BUSCK, WASHINGTON, D. C. Gnorimoschema salinaris, v. sp. . Labial palpi typical in shape, arith liberally sprinkled with black and gray, without any black annulation just before the apex, such as found in the closely-allied G. gal/esolidaginis, or at most with but a faint trace thereof. Face, head and thorax bluish-white, suffused with fuscous and brown scales. Fore wings elongate, pointed, narrower than in gadlesolid- aginis ; coloration and pattern very similar to this species, with the rather sharply-defined basal light area extending along the dorsum and spreading out over the apical third of the wing, and with the large costal chocolate- coloured area as in this species, but with i!l-defined blackish markings on the dorsal edge near base, and with irregular, longitudinal blackish mark- ings in the interior and apical part of the dark costal area, not found in gallesolidagin’s. Cilia whitish, heavily daubed with black and brown. Hind wings light, ochreous-fuscous ; cilia yellowish. Abdomen light fuscous, with the basal joints velvety-yellow above. Legs whitish, strongly suffused with black and brown ; tarsal joints with rather well-defined light ochreous annulations at the tip. | Alar expanse: 20-24 mm. Habitat: Boston, Mass. Miss Cora H. Clarke, coll. Food-plant : Solidago sempervirens Linn. | U: Ss. Nat. Mus.,-*type No. 13441. This species makes very similar galls on the stalks of the salt marsh Golden-rod as G. ga//esolidagints makes on the upland dry species. The adults are also very similar, and the present species has for several years been placed tentatively under Riley’s name in the National Museum, pattly because it was represented only by single or unbred specimens, and partly because Riley’s species was supposed to be very variable. As a matter of fact, however, the true ga//esolidaginis is rather constant in its colour and ornamentation, as indica‘ed by a large series, bred during, several years by the writer in the neighbourhood of Washing- ton and of St. Louis, Mo., the original locality of Riley’s types in the National Museum. These specimens are all of the characteristic soft chocolate-colour, with the ornamentation produced solely by white dusting on the basal, dorsal and apical parts ; they all have broader wings than. sa/inarts; in gallesolidaginis the costa is more strongly arched, and the cilia gives a January, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3) rounded appearance to the apex, which sa/narts has more straight and pointed wings. The lack of a well-defined black annulation before the apex of the labial palpi and the presence of the black, longitudinal markings on the fore wings are the most dependable characteristics of sa/imaris in differ- entiating it from ga//esolidaginis Riley. The moths issued from September 1-7th. Gnorimoschema subterranea, NX. sp. Labial palpi typical in form; pepper-and-salt-coloured. Antenne with each joint black, brown and white in succession. Face and head whitish, suffused with brown and fuscous. Thorax brown, sprinkled with white. Fore wings rich reddish-brown, in some specimens chocolate, with a more or less irregular sprinkling of black and white atoms. Cilia whitish, sprinkled with brown. Hind wings yellowish-fuscous ; cilia gray. Abdomen dark fuscous, with the three basal joints velvety ochreous above. Legs blackish-brown, sparsely sprinkled with white ; tarsal joints with narrow white annulations. Alar expanse : 12-20 mm., average 17 mm. Habitat: Boston, Mass. Miss Cora H. Clarke, coll. Food-plant : Aster multiflorus Aiton. U.S. Nat. Mus., type No. 13386. This species comes between G. galkesolidaginis Riley and G. Busckiella Kearfott, both in size and ornamentation ; it differs from the former in the absence of any trace of a lighter dorsal basal area on the fore wing, though in some specimens there is a faint approach to the other wing-pattern of this species. G. Busckiella, which also feeds on As¢er, but which makes its gall on the upper branches of the plant, differs from the present species in its darker colour and the even sprinkling all over the wing of white scales. The galls of the present species are found just underground, or with their upper part just above ground, on the root- stocks of Aster mu/ltiforus, with rootlets emitted from their lower end, and the annual shoot from their upper end. They are more or less spindle-shaped, about 15 mm. long by 6-8 mm. in diameter; woody, rather thick-shelled, the pupa filling nearly the entire cavity. The adult issues from a round hole previously prepared by the larva, but not plugged, as in the Solidago gall, merely covered by the outer skin, which is left unbroken by the larva. 6 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Several galls (2-10) are often found together in a cluster on the same rootstalk. Miss Clarke states that the galls are rather abundant, but not easily observed on account of their location, the more so as the Asters normally grow in the grass-sod, where it is not easy to dig. Miss Clarke sent me a few of these galls in August; I asked her to get more, and, with her usual enthusiasm, Miss Clarke made a special trip to Boston from her summer residence and secured about 150 additional galls, which, during the first two weeks in September, produced a large perfect series. Guorimoschema galleastertella Kellicott. In Vol. XLI, p. 75, 1909, of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the late Dr. Wm. Brodie, of Toronto, maintains that this name is a misnomer (he has it wrongly as astered/a Kellicott), and that Kellicott was mistaken in his identification of the food-plant. Dr. Brodie even asserts that he can recognize Kellicott’s woodcut of the gall as Solidago latifolia, not as Aster corymbosus. 5 In this I cannot agree with Dr. Brodie; Kellicott’s figure may at least as well represent Aster as Solidago, and there is no reason to doubt that Kellicott did breed his species from Aster, as it has been bred repeatedly since from that plant. I have before me specimens from Miss Clarke, which were unquestionably bred from the white wood-aster, Aster divaricatus Liss. (corymbosus Ait.), near Boston. On the other hand, I have many perfect specimens bred by Dr. Brodie and by Mr. A. Cosens, of Toronto, which, according to both these gentlemen, were bred from Solidago latifolia and S caesia, and the species would thus seem to infest both Aster and Solidago. ON THE GENUS MASTOR, GODMAN AND SALVIN. BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. Godman and Salvin, in the Biologica Centrali-Americana, Rhopalo- cera, Vol. 2, p. 567, 1893, erected the genus JZastor for the reception of three species, Pamphila ( Hesperia) bellus Edwards, and two new species, M. perigenes and M7, anubis, the latter being named as the generic type. Mastor is characterized as having the primaries fairly short, truncated somewhat apically, in this respect approaching Poanes and Poanofpsis, from which it differs in a longer crook to the antenne, the club slenderer, and the primaries less rounded at the tip. The third joint of the palpi is short January, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 7 and bluntly conical. The primaries have the costa arched basally ; the cell nearly two-thirds the length of the costa; the discocellulars strongly oblique, the upper one twice the length of the lower, and the latter some- what shorter than the third median segment; lower radial depressed basally ; first branch arising slightly beyond middle of median nervure, and the second shortly before lower cell angle. Secondaries slightly lobed at anal angle; the discocellulars weak. Body rather slender. Middle tibize conspicuously spined ; hind tibize with two pairs of spurs. A narrow oblique band on primaries of males, extending from base of second median branch to the middle of the submedian nervure. In addition to the three species above mentioned, Pamphila phylace Edwards (Field and Forest, Vol. 3, p. 117, 1877) falls in this genus. Dyar, in his ‘“ Review of the Hesperide of the United States,” Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., Vol. XIII, p. 133, 1905, gives the following synopsis of the genus AZaséor - fea snd-collarwolden, fringes Sordid pales... feces -c sso -e phylace. Pease collin ane: trim es: POlGeIae reac Potency oslo g ania oan Poco ae AON EIa Mastor phylace Edwards.—Originally described from Colorado, and has since been recorded from Arizona and New Mexico. Little seems to be known of it. Mastor bellus Edwards.—Published in Papilio, Vol. 4, p. 57, 1884, from specimens taken by Morrison in Southern Arizona. Dr. Barnes, Ent. News, Vol. XI, p. 331, 1900, writes that “‘ A number of specimens of this species taken this year in the Huachuca Mountains, are, I believe, the first taken since Morrison got the types many years ago.” Godman and Salvin, however (1893), reported it. from Las Vigas and Milpas, in Durango, Mexico. During the past season I found Jde//us one of the most abundant species of butterflies occurring in the Huachuca Mountains, of Cochise County, Arizona. My first specimen was taken on May 25. From May 27 On it appeared more and more commonly until about the middle of July, when it gradually disappeared. It is two-brooded, the second normally appearing towards the last of July. e//us does not appear to be restricted by elevation, as I took examples at less than 5,000 and at over 8,000 feet. June 21, at 7,800 feet, I observed a female ovipositing, and secured three eggs. They were laid on the ventral surface of blades 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of grass, singly. Colour, a pale creamish-white, assuming a darker tinting as the young embryo develops; hemispherical, rather low, the base broadly flattened. The egg appeared to be marked with vertical ridges, but I could not make sure of this with a low-power glass. Just before the emergence of the young larva the egg is opaque, the black head of the larva being plainly visible. One egg hatched July 3, another July 8, and the third July 9. The young larva at once attacks the egg, devouring all but the basal portion. Young /arva.—Length, about 1 mm.; body cylindrical, slender, tapering from the middle quite rapidly posteriorly, and less so anteriorly ; head jet black, large, subglobular, about one-third larger than middle of body ; neck tightly strangulated ; colour of body pale yellowish-white, sparsely covered with rather long concolorous hairs ; legs and proiegs same colour; a greenish tint is assumed as the larva begins to feed. The first moult takes place in from three to five days. After first moult.— Length, about 2.5 mm ; head as before, but now only slightly larger in breadth than body ; body as before, but the colour a rather dark grassy green, the three posterior segments with a somewhat yellowish tinge; legs and prolegs greenish-yellow. The larva forms a nest at the apex of the blade, drawing the edges together by fine white strands, the distance of the tube thus formed varying according to the age of the larva. The larva appears to be able to walk as readily backwards as forwards. Although I found many eggs and larve, I did not succeed in bringing the Jatter past the second instar. Mr. Victor L. Clemence has given me several examples of the second brood of deus, taken July 18 and 26, in the Chiricahua Mountains, Cochise County, Arizona. These have the fringes of a pale, dirty, creamish colour, answering perfectly to the description of jphylace Edwards. It is thus obvious that de//us is the first brood and pAy/ace the second, the latter having seven years’ priority. But as representatives of the two broods are so strikingly distinguishable, it is appropriate that the first brood can be termed form de//us and the second Mastor phy/ace. M. anubis Godman and Salvin, described from Orizaba, Jalapa and Omilteme, in Guerrero, Mexico, is very probably a synonym of pfhylace, but as I only know it from the very brief original description, I cannot be definitely sure of this. J/naseas (Thymelicus) bicolor Mabille, from Mexico and Central America, may be another species that will have to be referred to the synonymy of phyZace. ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 NOTES ON DIABROTICA AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS. During the last two summers I have made the following notes on Mr, Baly’s paper. (Baly’s Sec. 1 Trans. Ent. Soc., 1890.) Among the species labelled Zacordairei Kirsch, in the rst Jacoby collec- tion I separate three examples as the true fraterna Baly, described from Guatemala; the form is long, narrow and parallel, and in the ¢ the fourth joint of the antenne is as long as the first three joints ; some of the forms classed by Jacoby as Lacordatrei, especially those collected by Champion, have a black anal segment, which would seem to throw them ° out of this species. Mr. Baly, p. 7, speaks of the entirely black legs of Lacordairei ; the Central American forms in the Jacoby collection have base of femora pallid. Sanguinicollis Jac., Cist. Ent., II, p. 524, the type of which is in my collection, I place near rugulipennis Baly. On page 25 Mr. Baly, speaking of atomarza Jac., says “the antenne nearly equal to the body in length.” Mr. Jacoby, in his description, P. Z. S., 1889, p. 284, says ‘‘the antennz about half the length of the body.” My example from the Jacoby collection has the antennz missing, another specimen from Venez (Caracas?) seems to bea ¢, the antenne are half as long as the body. D. pauperata Baly, p. 27. The typical form has two discoidal black spots, the first about the middle and the other about 1.5 mm. behind. Specimens occur where the two spots are joined, forming a short discoidal stripe, this form also having the humeral vitta whole, thus producing a form resembling afri/ineata Baly and its allies ; other specimens have the discoidal spots entirely absent ; in both these last forms the sutural spot is only a piceous line; all the 16 examples in my collection come from Bahia, Brazil, which is the typical locality for the species. On page 38 D. fulvofasciata Jac. is given by Baly as a synonym of tumidiconnis Er., the description of the former given by Jac., P. Z. S., 1889, p. 281, speaking of the ¢ antenne, ‘‘the second and third joints very short ard equal, the f/th to the ninth joints greatly dilated and thickened,” and the habitat Caracas. Baly, on pages 38-39, speaking of tumidiconnis Er., says of the ¢ antennez, “the 2nd joint very short, the 3rd nearly one-half longer, the 4th longer than the preceding two united, January, 1911 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the 7th and following two joints in the ¢ thickened,” and the habitat Peru and Bolivia. The differences given in the above descriptions ‘are even more notice- able in the specimens themselves ; the two forms are plainly distinct, and should not be united. I have one ¢ of each form from the type localities. D. tibialis Baly, p. 79. This name being previously used by Jacoby in the Biologia, p. 512, should be changed to confusus. . D. variolosa Jac. (type in my collection) comes near marginata Sturm. In identifying species of this genus, it should be borne in mind that - the antenne of the {’s are usually the longer, and the third joint in the d is relatively shorter than the same joint in the ?. The foveation of the thorax seems to me, in some instances at least, to be possibly a matter of sex. This, however, is more a suggestion for future research than a definite opinion. The specimens sent me by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas as cotypes of D. angustofasciata Jac. in litt., belong to Luperodes. D. suffusa Baly is not mentioned in Mr. Baly’s paper. If it has been sunk as a synonym I have overlooked it. ‘The Jacoby collection had it marked as a distinct species. I place it near rugulipennis Baly. D. hahneli, nov. sp. Black, base, and joints nine and ten of antenne, thorax, femora and middle of first three abdominal segments yellow, elytra almost smooth, slightly plicate, with four white spots on each side placed 2-1-1. Length 7 mm. Type collected by Dr. Hahnel, Amazons (Staudinger). Form stout, head black, clypeal ridge not well defined, antenne stout, more than half the length of the body, joint 2 short, 3 barely one-half longer, 4 much longer than the two preceding united, joints 1-3 flavous, tinged with piceous above, 9-10 and base of 11 flavous, thorax flavous, convex, shining, broader than long, a few fine punctures at the sides, lightly trifoveate, scutel dark piceous, elytra shining black, very finely punctate, a round white spot back of the base, near the suture, a smaller one near the margin back of the shoulder, a small transverse spot back of the middle and a round spot at the apex, equidistant from the margin and suture ; the inflexed edge of the elytra, behind the shoulder, is faintly piceous, body beneath black, excepting the thorax, the anterior breast and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 11 middle of the first three segments of the abdomen, which are yellow (the black edge of these segments is about 114 mm. wide), legs with tibiw and tarsi black, coxze and femora yellow, with apex of the hind pair piceous. The form is very slightly dilated at the rear. The type specimen has the plication of the elytra slight but well marked. In addition to this speci- men I separate another example marked by Jacoby as Lacordairei, labelled ‘“‘Amaz.,” which seems to be a ¢, and has the joints 2-3 of the antenne equal and the plication very slight; the colouring and form, however, are precisely similar. Should be placed in § A, Baly’s paper ; the coloration of the abdomen easily distinguishes it. D. sancatarina, nov. sp. Head black, antenne dark, with three basal and three upper joints flavous, thorax yellow, smooth, shining, elytra not plicate, black, tinged with greenish, shining, punctured, with the lateral margin, extreme apex excepted, and basal and apical round spots and median transverse spot flavous, below yellow, with pectus, tibie and tarsi bleck. Length 6% mm. Four examples from St. Catharina, Brazil (Mr. Klages). ¢ antenne three-fourths as long as body, joints 2-3 short, equal, 4 almost twice as long as both combined; shorter in 9, with the joint 3 one-half longer than 2, and 4 not twice as long as both combined, three upper and three lower joints flavous, the tip of the last piceous, thorax one-half broader than long, convex, shining, impunctate on the disk, scutel dark piceous, elytra shining, evenly and strongly punctured, slightly depressed along the suture at base, the epipleure and inflexed margin yellow, the flavous colour vanishing when it reaches a point just behind the apical spot, which is round and equidistant from the suture and margin, the basal spot is round, discal and near the suture, the transverse spot is behind the middle and oblique, not attaining either the side or suture ; one of my specimens has the elytra very obsoletely subplicate ; belongs in § A, Baly. D. funerea, nov. sp. (Jac. in jitt.). Piceous brown, with dark piceous, almost black head, elytra not plicate, each side with two round basal, one transverse submedian and one round apical white spots, antenne with joints 9-10 white, femora yellow, tibize and tarsi colour of head. Length 5-6 mm. Seven examples, all labelied Surinam, and deep orange-colour label. 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Antenne more than half the length of the body, joints 2~3 short, the latter slightly the longer, 4 equal to, or longer than the preceding two united, according to sex, colour light piceous, growing darker and becom- ing black on joints 7-8, eleventh white at base, black at tip, sometimes the tenth is piceous at the upper half; thorax about as broad as long, sides nearly parallel behind, smooth, convex, shining, piceous, a few fine punctures at the sides and obsolete traces of two fovee, elytra piceous, shining, slightly dilated at the rear, finely and sparsely punctured, each with four flavous or white spots, the first round sub-basal near the suture, the second round sub-humeral near the margin, the third elongate sub- median, transverse not attaining either suture or margin, the fourth round, apical, equidistant from the suture and margin; all below piceous, with the femora and abdomen flavous. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name of funerea Jac.; three of my specimens were sent me as cotypes by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas. I have preserved this and some following names to save confusion. Sec. A, Baly. D. fusculus, nov. sp. Head black, antenne piceous, joints 1-3 flavous, then gradually becoming piceous, g-10 white ; thorax yellow, transverse, disk smooth, convex, shining, faintly bifoveate, scutel black; elytra plicate, black, thickly and evenly punctate, the lateral margin narrowly (extreme apex excepted), a round apical spot and an oblong submedian lateral spot yellowish-white, also from the middle of the base of each elytron to a point beyond the middle an ill-defined long yellowish-white mark not attaining the suture, body beneath yellow, breast black, legs yellow, tibiee and tarsi faintly piceous. Four examples, Peru, green label (Callanga ?). Length 6 mm. Apparently a variable species, the form above described is a 6, of which I have two examples practically alike, the other two are 9’s, and have the flavous colour of the elytra diffused over the whole surface, leaving the suture narrowly dark and a humeral sublateral line of black, extending around the curve of the convexity and showing the two yellow spots above described, indicated by dark rings; other forms doubtless occur. ‘he sides of the thorax are strongly sinuate and reflexed behind, the elytra are moderately dilated behind, especially in the ¢ ; the punctua- tion is coarse, thick, and in some places confluent. I place it near THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13 decaspila Baly. ‘The elytral pattern is almost exactly duplicated in some of the varieties of zo guttata Oliv., but the antennal joints at once differentiate it. D. unicincta, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt.). Head black, antennz dark piceous, last three joints flavous, thorax rufous, shining, impunctate, except the sides, broadly depressed and lightly trifoveate, scutel black, elytra black, tinged with cyaneous, obsoletely plicate, strongly dilated posteriorly, shining, punctate, with lateral margin dilated at the apex, a narrow curved fascia behind the middle, and suture narrowly from the fascia to the apex flavous, below black, with abdomen and bases of femora yellow. Length 6-714 mm. Three examples, Marcapata, Peru. Antenne three-fourths as long as the body, joint 3 one-half longer than 2, which is short, 4 longer than the preceding two united, four or five lower joints light piceous, the last three, apex of the eleventh excepted, flavous ; thorax about as long as broad, sides very lightly sinuate, finely punctured at the sides, broadly depressed (one example very lightly) behind ; the side fovezw small, but distinct, the third subobsolete, placed just before the scutel, which is dark piceous ; the elytra differ in colour in each of the examples before me, black, black tinged with green, dark steel-blue ; all, however, have the margin, apex and fascia and one the sutural border flavous, as above described ; the form is broadly dilated at the rear, slightly depressed behind the scutel, surface evenly and moder- ately punctured, with a tendency to be semisulcate longitudinally, especially near the apex. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name waicincta Jac. Two of my specimens were sent me as co-types by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas ; one of them seems as if it might be a different species (angustofasciata Jac. in litt.?), as the fascia is almost transverse in place of being curved, and the thoracic depression is wanting ; what I take as the type is the other example, having black elytra, a narrow curved fascia and depressed thorax, the longitudinal ridges of the elytra showing at the sides and rear, and the femora very slightly flavous at the base. D. semiviridis, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt.). Head, antenne, legs and breast black, thorax greenish, flivous, con- vex, shining, very lightly foveate and punctate, elytra not plicate, prasinous, with a dash of orange, coarsely, confluently punctate, with a 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. humeral, and a common triangular, elongate sutural, and two or three small spots triangularly placed at the middle of each elytra black. Length 5-514 mm. Six examples, Marcapata, Peru, and also Bolivia (Mapiri ?). Resembles some of the forms of zo-punctata Latr.; antennee about three-fourths the length of the body, wholly black, joints 2-3 short and about equal in ¢, 3 a little longer in 9, 4 longer than the preceding two united, noticeably so in ¢, thorax about as long as wide, convex, shining, sparsely, finely punctulate, very sparingly on the disk, two small fovez faintly indicated, one on either side of the middle, sides nearly straight ; scutel black ; elytra slightly dilated at the rear, and depressed back of the scutel, punctuation finer behind ; the elytra show a suffused orange- colour, which seems normally to be a cloudy vitta from the shoulder to the apex ; in some examples it is almost wanting, and in others the orange tint suffuses nearly the whole elytra. The humeral spot is round, the sutural, elongate triangular, about 1 mm. long; there is a small round spot on the disk just before the middle, another between the last and the margin, but a little to the rear, and a third on the disk, in line with the first but about the beginning of the convexity, in some examples there are indications of a fourth spot between the last and the margin, and in others the third spot is absent ; probably examples occur in which some or all the other elytral spots disappear; body beneath and legs black, except the abdomen and thorax are yellow. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name of semiviridis Jac. Three of my specimens were sent me as cotypes by Messrs. Staudinger and Bang-Haas ; the typical form I regard as the one with the three discal spots ; distinguished from so-punctata Latr. by the coarse punctuation of the elytra, the thorax also seems to have the sides less sinuate. D. piceopunctata, nov. sp. Head, breast and scutel black, antennz flavous, fuscous in middle and at end, thorax yellow, convex, finely punctate, elytra obsoletely plicate, bright yellow-prasinous, shining, with common sutural triangular spot, a humeral, two lateral, and a small, submedian discoidal spot, rufous piceous ; body below yellow, legs yellow, with tarsi and outside of tibize faint piceous. Length 514 mm. One example, San Augustin, Mapiri (M. Stuart). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 15 Head with a sharp. round frontal fovea, antenne about half the length of the body ; joint 2 short, chubby ; 3 one-half longer, more cylindrical ; 4 as long as preceding two, 1-3 and base of 4 yellow, then dark piceous to the gth, then flavous to the piceous upper half of the i1th, thorax broader than long, sides strongly sinuate, disk very obsoletely trifoveate, elytra scarcely dilated to the rear ; punctures close and even, somewhat dulling the shiny appearance, the sutural spot is broad and abruptly attenuated to the rear, where it is drawn out as a thread-like line on the edge of the suture, gradually fading away about the middle, humeral spot, joining the sutural at the extreme base ; the 1st lateral spot is large and round at the median side, and the 3rd lateral spot is ona line with the discal, and probably at times connected with it. The general effect is bright yellowish-green, with three basal and two lateral and a small hind spot rufous piceous. I place it next atomaria Jac. D. neoatromaculata, nov. sp. Head and breast black, antenne fuscous, thorax rufous, convex, shin- ing, very finely and sparsely punctulate, elytra slightly plicate, dull orange, with a common triangular sutural spot, a broad humeral sublateral stripe extending to the middle and just before its end, extending inward toward the suture, and a curved fascia between the apex and middle, concave behind and not reaching either the margin or suture, all cyaneous blue, beneath and legs yellow, tibiz and tarsi dusky brown. Length 5 mm. One example, Rio Mixiollo, Prov. Huallaga, Peru (G. A. Baer, Aug. 8, 1900). Shape, size and general appearance of atromaculata Baly, but with black tarsi and tibie. Head with well-marked frontal fove, antennz 34 length of body, joints 2-3 short, about equal ( ¢?), 4 longer than both together ; 5, 8 and 11 are darker fuscous ; thorax longer than broad, lightly sinuate behind, the two ordinary foveze are visible only at certain angles as minute de- pressions, punctuation of elytra moderately thick and even at the base and middle, becoming sparse towards the apex, the cyaneous markings have the appearance of being impressed, so that the yellow central parts seem slightly raised ; the tibia and tarsi are about the colour of the darkest part of the antenne. The elytral markings are almost exactly those of atvomacudata Baly, the colour of which is given in the description as black, but an example in my collection (ex Baly) has the markings 4/ve-black, but the dark tibia and tarsi will at once separate the two. 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D. bioculata, wov. sp. Head, pectus, tibiz and tarsi black, antenne dark, lighter at base and apex, thorax yellow, with a few fine punctuses, scutel yellow, elytra pale flavous, plicate, each elytron with two blue-black or cyaneous rings, one basal touching the suture and not the side, the other apical and not attaining either the sutural or margin. Length, 6-6.5 mm. Type from Jalapa, four specimens Vera Cruz; Mex. two examples. Similar in appearance to dtannularis Har., but with black tibiz and tarsi. Antennz more than half the length of the body, with joint 2 short, 3 not half longer, 4 equal the two preceding, colour dark fuscous, the first three or four joints pale, also ro-11, excepting the apex of the last; thorax broader than long, more or less depressed and bifoveate, sides plainly sinuate behind ; scutel yellow or piceous ; elytra pale yellow, moderately and finely punctured, each with two blue or cyaneous rings which enclose a round yellow spot, femora yellow. This species has here- tofore been confounded with ¢zdza/is Jac., and diannu/aris Har.; from the former it differs by the colour, size and sculpture of the thorax, and from the latter by the black tibiz and tarsi; two of my Jalapa examples were in the first Jacoby collection as dzannularis Har., and were collected by Hoege. They were gummed on cards, so the legs were not readily visible. ‘Two others from the same locality among the Tring material and two from Vera Cruz, collected by Townsend. (To be continued.) OBITUARY. We regret to record the death of Mr. Otto Seifert, who was stricken with cerebral a} oplexy on Oct. 18, 1910, while planting flowers in his garden, and died two days later at his home, 230 West 2nd St., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. Mr. Seifert was born in Hildesheim, Germany, on Feb. 26, 1848, and studied at the Goettingen University. He came to America in 1871, and for a number of years was engaged in the practice of pharmacy. From his earliest childhood he was a lover of nature, and later an enthusiastic entomologist, devoting all his leisure time to the study of Lepidoptera, the North American Arctiide being his special favourites. He published several articles in various entomological journals, and was for many years a subscriber to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. He was a man whom all men loved and honoured, and his death is a great loss to his family and his many friends. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Ti NOTES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF TWO SPECIES OF CAPSIDA. BY C.-R. CROSBY, ITHACA, N. Y. The brilliant red nymphs of Heterocordylus malinus Reut., and Lygidea mendax Reut., are found during May and June abundantly on the leaves and fruit of the apple in many parts of New York State. The eggs of both species are laid during the summer, and are inserted their full length into the bark on the smaller branches, two-year-old wood being preferred. The eggs are very difficult to find, and I have not been able to make as many observations on them as desirable. All the eggs definitely known to belong to 4. malinus were found inserted in slits in the bark at the base of the fruit spurs. As far as I have observed, the normal number of eggs for each cavity is four. Each egg is 1.6 mm. long by .4 mm. wide. It is rather strongly curved, slightly compressed and dull whitish in colour. The embryo develops in the lower enlarged portion, its head being some distance from the tip of the egg. The woody tissue of the bark, especially the outer portion, adheres so closely to the egg that it is impossible to remove it completely, even when hardened in alcohol. The eggs of Z. mendax are usually inserted in pairs in the lenticels of smooth two-year-old wood. ‘They do not lie parallel to each other, but diverge at a wide angle in order to avoid the solid wood, since they are longer than the thickness of the bark. In size and shape they closely resemble the eggs of HZ. madinus. The eggs of both species hatcn soon after the opening of the apple buds, and the nymphs feed on the ieaves and also attack the fruit as soon as it sets. Jn the Cornell Insectary I have reared both species to the adult stage exclusively on foliage. As the nymphs grow older they become more active, and when disturbed retreat to the twig, where they adroitly dodge to the opposite side like a squirrel. They will frequently drop suddenly, but rarely fall to. the ground, usually alighting on another branch. They have a curious way of getting a new hold. The posterior end of the alimentary canal can be extruded, and is covered with a viscid secretion. As soon as they strike an object in falling, this sticky organ adheres to it until the insect can regain its foothold. When confined in a glass bottle young nymphs become attached in this way so firmly to the glass that they cannot escape, and so perish. January, 1911 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Both species pass through five immature stages, and attain wings at the fifth moult. Under natural conditions the time required for the nymphs to reach maturity varies considerably with the weather. In the Cornell Insectary, which is heated by steam, 4. ma/inus required about 35 days, and LZ. mendax about 37 days. Under these conditions each stage lasted about one week. A longer time is required in the orchard. The young nymphs of the two species are quite similar. Those of Z. mendax may be distinguished by their brighter red colour, the absence of dusky markings on the thorax, and by having the body clothed with fine short black hairs. The nymphs of this species retain their bright colour until fullgrown, while those of H ma/inus become nearly black on the thorax after the third moult. In the nymphs of 4% madinus the beak is dusky, while in the other species it is nearly colourless, with a black tip. DESCRIPTION OF 'THE NYMPHAL STAGES. ff, malinus. Stage /.-Length, 1.2 mm. General colour a light tomato red. Each segment of the thorax has a large, transverse, medially interrupted dusky area, the one on the metathorax being smaller than the others and obliquely truncate laterally. Head dusky, with two obiique light lines, which on the vertex meet the median line of the thorax. Legs, antennz and beak slightly dusky, the antennz yellowish-red at the joints. As growth takes place the first and second abdominal segments shorten and the constrictions become deeper. Stage /f,—Length, 1.7 mm. Head dusky reddish. Thorax with the median line and the posterior margin of the pro- and mesothorax red, the rest dusky over a red ground colour. Abdomen tomato-red, with irregular lighter markings towards the sides ; first segment with a broad transverse dusky spot, the second with a smaller one, the next six segments each with a very small spot, and the ninth with a large dusky area. Legs and antennz dusky over a red ground colour. Beak dusky. Under parts tomato-red, except a small dark area just above the base of each leg. Stage [/f,—Length, 2.2 mm. Head and thorax dull reddish. A small white area below and behind the eye. The wing-pads begin to show on the mesothorax. Abdomen with a median row of dull reddish spots, those on the first, second and ninth segments the largest. General colour of abdomen bright red, variegated with white laterally, the white markings more pronounced anteriorly. Narrow posterior margin of first and second THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 19 segments white. Antenne dull reddish, lighter at the joints. Legs dull reddish, dusky distally. Beak dusky. Stage [V.—Length, 2.5 mm. Head and thorax as in preceding stage, except the red is darker and the median line is whitish. Narrow posterior margin of prothorax bright red. The wing-pads extend to the third segment. Abdominal marking as in preceding stage, except that the median reddish-brown areas are larger, and all but the anterior margin of the ninth segment is of this colour. Legs, antenne and beak darker than in the last stage. Stage V.i—Length, 4.3 mm. Head and thorax dull black over a red ground colour. Median line of thorax whitish. First and second abdominal segments nearly black over reddish, posterior margin ofeach white; third to eighth segments light red, variegated with lighter markings, and there is a median longitudinal row of large transverse reddish black spots. Ninth and tenth segments reddish-black except the red anterior margin. Legs and antenne nearly black, with a reddish ground colour. Abdomen beneath lighter red, with a submarginal row of small black spots ; ninth ventral segment nearly covered by a large black spot; a smaller one on the eighth. . L. mendax. Stage .—Length, 1.5 mm. General colour tomato-red. A distinct whitish ring around eye. Thorax slightly dusky over ared ground colour. Legs dusky, antennz brownish, beak colourless, with the tip black. Whole dorsal surface clothed with short stiff black hairs. Stage [7.—Length, 2.5 mm. Very similar to last stage. Antenne dusky brown, last segment lighter except at base. Tylus dark. Stage [{//—Length, 2.5 mm. The wing-pads just begin to show on the mesothorax. Coxe tomato-red, rest of legs and beak translucent, slightly dusky; posterior tibize brownish. Tylus dark brown. Legs clothed witb stiff black hairs. Stage [V.—Length, 3.25 mm. Very similar to last stage in colour. The wing-pads extend nearly to the posterior margin of the second abdominal segment. Stage V.—Length, 4 mm. Wing-pads extend to fifth abdominal segment. General colour bright tomato-red, tip of wing-pads and line along scutellum dusky. Legs dusky, darker towards the tip. Antenne dusky, nearly black ; last segment brownish at base. ‘Tylus jet black. 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Last two abdominal segments with a broad median dusk mark on the dorsum. Whole body clothed with short, fine, black hairs. Oviposition has not been observed, but probably takes place during June and July, but in the case of Z. mendax it may be deferred till Sep- tember, as Reuter records adult specimens captured during that month. I have reared the nymphs of both species from apple branches sent in from Brockport, Syracuse, Albany, Waterloo, East Palmyra, Lafayette, and Batavia, N. Y. In some apple orchards they are serious pests, deforming with their feeding punctures a large proportion of the fruit of certain varieties. & NEW SPECIES OF PHALANGIDA FROM’ MISSOURI: BY. CYRUS PRs ICROSEY. hi ACGA Te Naw V- Nemastoma dasycnemum, n. sp.—Length,.95 mm.; width of abdomen, .59 mm. General colour in alcohol very dark brown, in life nearly black; in one specimen the body is distended, making it appear white, with black markings, but in the other, which was studied alive, this is not the case. Cephalothorax squarely truncate in front, with the lateral angles oblique when viewed from above. Eyes small, situated on a low tubercle close to the anterior margin, separated by a little less than their diameter, each one surrounded by a series of sharp black spines. Frontal pieces of the cephalo- thorax two in number, transverse, contiguous and gradually enlarged laterally. ‘Two-thirds the distance from the eyes to the posterior margin of the cephalothorax there is a distinct transverse groove, which becomes indistinct at the sides. In the distended specimen the thickened parts of the tegument are separated from each other and contrast sharply with the snow-white connecting membrane. The first five dorsal abdominal segments are united into a single piece, free from the cephalo- thorax, and with the anterior and posterior margins convex. The sixth, Fic. 1—Ventral view of mouth- parts seventh and eighth dorsal segments are represented by narrow, transverse sclerites. On the ventral side five segments are distinguishable. ‘The first is large, narrowed in front and separated from the terminal portion by a January, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 21 distinct suture ; terminal portion rectangular, with the anterior margin slightly convex. Second, third and fourth segments linear, fifth much wider. The anal piece consists of three parts: the superior part (pygidium) semicircular, the two lateral anal valves small and triangular; the anal sternite represented by a small dark spot scarcely hardened. Between the ends of the fifth ventral and eighth dorsal segments there is on each side a small, irregularly shaped sclerite. The hardened parts are brown, with the surface slightly roughened by minute tubercles ; certain areas are, however, armed with larger tubercles less thickly placed, as follows: The entire cephalothorax, except the area between the eye tubercle and the transverse groove; a large quadrate area on the anterior part of the large dorsal plate, indistinctly divided into three parts ; two transverse areas behind this ; narrow transverse areas on the sixth, seventh and eighth dorsal segments ; the entire surface of the pygidium, and the posterior part of the first ventral segment. Coxe of nearly equal length, trochanters globular, both are dark brown and armed with short black spines. Base of femur white and unarmed, rest of femur, pateila and tibia brown, and armed with short acute perpen- dicular spines and long slender hairs, which in their basal half are at right angles to the segment, and in their distal half bent forward and somewhat matted together. The other segments pale, thinly clothed with slender oblique spines and very fine appressed hairs. Each tibia armed at the tip above with a short, stout, slightly curved, tooth-like spine. Tarsal claws unarmed. Palpus long and slender, sparsely clothed with short, erect sete 3 trochanter armed below with three longer recurved setz ; tarsus slightly clavate and more thickly clothed with sete than the other segments. Chelicerz light gray, the claw armed with a series of fourteen teeth, of which the terminal two are the largest; the opposing figure armed with about ten similar teeth. Preépistome broad, convex and strongly chitinized, epistome produced into a sharp vertical ridge. Endites of the palpus white, triangular, with the outer margins slightly convex. Endites of the first pair of legs with a chitinized lateral border, curved and enlarged distally, inner portion white, with the anterior margin convex ; situated between them is a small semicircular sclerite, which'seems to represent the sternum. Coxe of the second pair distant from sternum and not provided with endites. (Fig. 1.) 22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In the following table the length of the segments of the legs and the palpus is given in millimeters. Owing to the difficulty of determining the division between the tarsi and the metatarsi because of the presence of several false articulations, I have for convenience in the table considered the first segment after the tibia as representing the metatarsus, the remaining segments the tarsus. LEGs. if aT: Ei. Lgile PALPUS. res .16 09 .07 eer a2 .06 .06 PRO 24 15 .06 .09 | 25 id E27 Total es kA .69 45 .49 Met Arg tare s39 357 4 SS Whibsc crete .66 43 .64 43 Ped ty ehoss er eects 13 Bie aes 4 Bemininicsc ‘55 72 .48 .64 152 TOM Ai pte 2 .24 Three specimens, Columbia, Mo., November 8 and 20, 1904, July 12, 1905, collected under leaves on a heavily wooded north slope on the bank of Hinkson Creek. I place this species in Vemastoma for the present, although it differs from it in the separation of the dorsal plate of the cephalothorax from the tergites of the abdomen, the presence of a transverse groove on the cephalothorax back of the eye tubercle, the exposure of the stink glands, the suppression of the anal sternite, and the dentition of the digits of the cheliceree. RANDOM NOTES ON ENTOMOLOGICAL FIELD WORK.* BY b...5."- TUCKER, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agric. Opportunities often occur in entomological field work for the obser- vation of interesting features of insect life apart from the main subject of investigation. Such features in many cases are presented in connection with the regular observations, but independently as time permits, casual *Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. January, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 attention at least can frequently be given to occurrences none the less worthy of record. My practice of keeping on the lookout for all kinds of insects or their work has led to some important economic discoveries, but my present paper is prepared with the object of bringing together some miscellaneous results for reference. In several instances my specimens were submitted through Dr. L. O. Howard to experts in the Bureau, and his prompt attention and courtesy in furnishing reports of their determinations have greatly aided me. Each authority is given credit for such helpful assistance. INSECTS TAKEN IN DRY COTTON BOLLS. While making search for hibernated cotton-boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis Boh., other insects and a few myriapods have been taken under the same conditions, but not all of the specimens thus obtained have been specifically determined. However, the results of my collecting in two lower Red River localities of Louisiana may throw light upon the winter habits of certain species, as follows. Old cotton bolls collected at Alexandria, La., February 26 and 27, 1909, harbored the forms here listed in addition to the boll weevil. COLEOPTERA. Apocellus gracilicornis Casey.—(Det. H. 8S. Barber.) Adult in fallen boll. Apocellus sphericollis Say.—Common. Adult in fallen boll. Atenius abditus Hald.—(Det. E. A. Schwarz.) Adult in fallen boll. Myochrous denticollis Say.—(See Additional Records.) Adult in fallen boll. Anthicus confinus Lec.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in fallen boll. Eudiagogus rosenscheldi Fah.—Adult in abandoned cell of boll weevil in fallen boll. Baris erea Boh.—Adult in fallen boll. Arecerus fasciculatus De G.—Actively breeding in both hanging and fallen bolls, all stages from larve to adults; pup in one fallen boll attacked by mites, TZyroglyphus breviceps Banks. (See Additional Records. ) MYRIAPODA. A few myriapods were found in rotten bolls on the ground. Their partial identifications by Mr. Nathan Banks areas follows: ‘The myriapods belong to three different genera, one near /olydesmus, one near /u/us, 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and one near Lithobius. The Polydesmus and Julus are vegetarians, the Lithobius is carnivorous.” Similar bolls collected at Mansura, La., March 1 and 2, 1909, directly after my visit at Alexandria, were found to harbour quite different species, and the list affords an interesting comparison. COLEOPTERA. Bradycellus rupestris Say.—Adult in fallen boll. Melanophthalmus simplex Lec.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adults in hanging bolls. Acylomus ergoti (Walsh) Casey.—Adults in hanging bolls. Megilla maculata De G.—Adults in hanging bolls. Cathartus cassie Reiche [ gemellatus Duv. |.—Adults in hanging bolls. (See Additional Records.) Cerotoma trifurcata Forst.—Adult in fallen boll. Cassidu bivittata Say.—Adult in hanging boll. Anthicus fulvipes Laf.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in hanging boll. One emerging March 24, in isolation. Tyloderma dentipes Pierce MS.—Adult in hanging boll. Arecerus fasciculatus De G.—Breeding in both hanging and fallen bolls, as at Alexandria.—(See additional Records.) OTHER ORDERS. Dicymolomia julianalis Wk.—(Det. H. G. Dyar.) A larva in hanging boll damaged by Are@cerus fascicudatus matured after isolation in a breeding jar. So far as known to me, the only published record of the occurrence of this lepidopterous species in cotton bolls is the statement of Dr. Dyarin Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., v. XI, 1909, p. 66, though in habits it is con- sidered as a scavenger. Batrachetra Rileyt Wishm.—Larve of this moth were frequently found in fallen bolls associated with and without Arecerus fasciculatus or its work. The larva is supposed to feed on insect remains. (See Additional Records.) Cremastogaster lineolata Say, subsp. /eviuscula Mayr, var. clara Mayr.—A solitary female of this ant in hanging boll, and five incipient colonies, composed of female, workers and young larve, in similar bolls. Doru luteipennis Serv.—(Det. A. N. Caudell.) Adults of this earwig in both hanging and fallen bolls. Schenomyza chrysostoma Lw.—(Det. D. Coquillett.) Adult fly from hanging bell emerged in breeding jar, March 19. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 25 INSECTS TAKEN IN DRY CORNSTALKS. Examinations of cornstalks in the same localities and on the same dates as mentioned for cotton bolls failed to disclose a single cotton-boll weevil, although the finding of this insect in stalk cavities probably formed by Arecerus fasciculatus had been previously reported by the overseer of a plantation near Alexandria. ‘The latter species was found to have bred extensively in the stalks, a large proportion of which, in consequence, presented a riddled condition on account of emergence holes opening from the larval excavations in the pith. These cavities afforded attractive retreats for other species, mainly in hibernation, and including common weevils that are apt to be mistaken for boll weevils. The species thus found at Alexandria, La., are herewith recorded. COLEOPTERA. Languria mozardi Wat.—Adults mostly in cavities of Arecerus Jasciculatus. Stlvanus bidentatus Fabr.—Adults all in Avecerus cavities. (See Additional Records. ) Paromalus conjunctus Say.—Adults in broken stalks on ground. Carpophilus hemipterus L.—Adult in Arecerus cavity. Moncrepidius bellus Say.—Adults in broken stalks on ground. Atenius abditus Hald.—(Det. E. A. Schwarz.) Adult in broken stalk on ground. Atenius cognatus Lec.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Adult in broken stalk on ground. Myochrous denticollis Say—Adults rather common in Arecerus cavities. (See Additional Records.) Chetocnema denticulata \l._—Adult in Arecerus cavity. Tanymecus confertus Gyll.—Adult in Arecerus cavity. Eudigogus rosenscheldi Fah.—Adults in broken stalks on ground. Chalcodermus eneus Boh.—In one field wholly in Ar@cerus cavities ; cowpeas had been grown in this corn-field. In another field, found in broken stalks not attacked by Avecerus fasciculatus. Common, and apt to be mistaken for the boll weevil. Calandra oryze L.—Adults commonly found in stalks not attacked, as well as in Arecerus cavities. Apt to be mistaken for the boll weevil. (See Additional Records.) 26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Stephanoderes, near hispidulus Lec.—(Det. A. D. Hopkins.) Two adults in dry stalks on ground, the stalks being perforated by fine pin-hole channels made by the beetles. (See Additional Records.) OTHER ORDERS. ~ Cremastogaster lineolata Say, subsp. Jeviuscula Mayr, var. clara Mayr. These ants occurred in Avecerus cavities. Celioxys rufitarsts Sm.—Two leaf-rolled pupal cells of a Megachile bee were found in pith of dry stalk on ground; a male Cedlioxys rufitarsis emerged from one cell March 30, and dissection of the other cell disclosed a nearly matured male of same parasitic bee in its own pupal case within the AZegachile pupal case. Geocorus punctipes Say.— (Det. O. Heidemann.) Adult bug in stalk attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus. Cardiastethus assimilis? Reut.—(Det. O. Heidemann.) Adult bug in stalk attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus. ADDITIONAL RECORDS OF INSECTS FROM COTTON AND CORN: A number of species already mentioned have been taken at other times either hibernating in or attacking the same host-plants, and the following additional records are given, including mention of further species in relative connection. Silvanus bidentatus Fabr.—Found in dry standing cornstalks at Alexandria, La., during my first examination for Arecerus fasciculatus, September 18, 1908. Cathartus cassie Reiche | gemellatus Duv.|—Collected on matured cornstalks and a damaged ear at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908, and besides was reared from stalks attacked by Avecerus fasciculatus in same field, emerging October 29. At Sherman, Tex., on November 25 of the same year, the species occurred in dried cotton boll. Mr. J. D. Mitchell found it in old cornstalks attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus, at Victoria, Tex., March 6, rgog. Typhea stercorea L. | fumata L.].—Reared from corn ear collected in field at Shreveport, La., September 24, 1908, emerging October 3. Carpophilus dimidiatus Fabr.—(Det. H. S. Barber.) Collected on corn ear in field at Alexandria, La., August 2, 1909. Conotelus stenoides Murr.—Taken in dried cotton boll at Sherman, dex, November 25, 1908. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 27 Ligyrus rugiceps Lec.—At Gurdon, Ark., on June 25 of the present year, field corn was found to have suffered greatly from attacks of this beetle, specimens of which were dug from the ground close to the corn roots. The injuries were primarily.caused by ragged wounds gnawed in base of stalks, usually just above the roots, but also beneath them at the extreme base. .Two plantings reported ruined in this manner, and the third was being worked on. Only casual examination made owing to limited time, but enough seen and learned to prove extensive damage. Myochrous dentibollis Say.— Common on cotton squares and green cornstalks at Shreveport, La., September 24-25, 1908; and on green corn at Alexandria, La., August 2, 1909. At Plano, Tex., on April 3, 1909, a field of corn with sprouts about four inches high was found badly damaged by the beetles, the tender leaves being eaten through in irregular holes and the stems gnawed. Some plants had stems broken at point weakened by attack. The beetles were found hiding in the earth around base of stems. Three counts of a number of plants gave the following percentage of injured ones: in middle of field, 50%; between middle and edge, 25% ; near edge, 12%; average damage, 29%. Slight injuries were observed in a near field of same farm, but on another farm no attacks were noticed, though in this case the plants had barely appeared above ground. At the same place on May 5, the fields having been replanted owing to complete loss of first planting on account of frost, similar damage was noticed to a slight extent, but the beetles had become scarce. Tribolium ferrugineum Fabr.—Matured May 5, 1909, from dry corn- stalks attacked by Aracerus fasciculatus, collected at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908; also taken from similar stalks at Victoria, Tex., March 6, 1909, by Mr. J. D. Mitchell. Calandra oryze L.—Adult found inside a leaf sheath on matured cornstalk, September 18, 1908, at Alexandria, J.a. Arecerus fasciculatus De G.—For report of discovery in cornstalks, and other particulars, see ‘‘ New breeding records of the coffee-bean weevil” (U.S. Dept. Agric., Bu. Ent., Bul. 64, pt. VII), and further records, ‘‘ Additional notes upon the breeding of the coffee-bean weevil” (Jour. Econ. Ent., v. 2, No. 6, 1909, pp. 373-381). Hy pothenemus sp, and Stephanoderes, near hispidulus Lec.—(Det. A. D. Hopkins). Specimens of minute beetles and pieces of dry cornstalks were received from Mr. J. D. Mitchell, at Victoria, Tex., under date of 28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. March 6, 1909. The stalks showed openings of minute tunnels, greatly resembling pin holes. These holes appeared on one stalk otherwise perforated by Arecerus fasciculatus, Dr, Hopkins reported that the specimens taken from the stalks constituted two apparently undescribed species as designated. His remark will also apply to the Stephanoderes specimens collected by me at Alexandria, La., as previously mentioned. Similar work by these insects was later found by me in an upper joint of a green cornstalk, which, however, was beginning to mature, being found at Alexandria, La., August 2, 1go9. Batratchetra Rileyi Wishm. — (Det. A. Busck.) In cornstalks infested by Arecerus fasciculatus, or where it had worked and left, and decay had begun, numbers of the pink larve of this moth were living. They occurred particularly in rotting, rain-soaked stalks. Collected at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908; adults matured in breeding cage on October 22 and 29. Larve also found frequently associated with or following the work of Arecerus fasciculatus in green cornstalks, and some- times in ear tips injured by corn-worm, Heliothis obsoleta Fabr., at same place, August 2, 1909. Mr. J. D. Mitchell submitted pupal cases taken from Arecerus cavities in cornstalks at Victoria, Tex., March 7, 1909. Monorium carbonarium F. Sm.—(Det. R. A. Cushman.) These ants were found by Mr. J. D. Mitchell in the cells of Arecerus fasciculatus in old cornstalks at Victoria, Tex., March 7, 1909. Pterodela pedicularis \..—(Det. N. Banks). This Psocid bred in dry cornstalks attacked by Arecerus fasciculatus, collected at Alexandria, La., September 18, 1908. Adults were taken in breeding cage October 29, and April 14 following. Chitopsis enea Wa.—(Det. D. W. Coquillett.) Adult flies emerged August ro and 23, from green cornstalks cullected August 2, 1909, at Alexandria, La. ‘The larvee appeared to be associated with or following the work of Arecerus fasciculatus in lower joints, occurring generally in spots at node or base of leaves. Oscinis carbonaria Lw.—Adult flies emerged August 10 from green stalks as in preceding case, though apparently independent of Arecerus SJasciculutus attacks, Oscinis trigamma Lw.—Det. D. W. Coquillett.) Two adult flies emerged from old cotton boll, Dallas, Tex., March, 1909. Gryllus Pennsylvanicus Burm.—A body of this cricket was found impaled evidently by a loggerhead shrike, otherwise called the southern THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 butcherbird, on an open prong of an empty hanging cotton boll in field of old stalks, at Wolfe City, Tex., January 20, 1909. This record affurds interest from the fact that cotton bolls may be utilized in such manner in place of thorns or wire-fence barbs. The cricket had been pierced side ways in the thorax by the point of the boll. Geocoris bullatus Say.—See ‘Propensity of Plant-bugs for Biting Persons.” Atomoscelis sericatus Reut,—See “Propensity of Plant-bugs for Biting Persons.” ARACHNIDS FROM SPANISH MOSS. In further connection with the hibernation of boll weevils, a quantity of Spanish moss, 77i//andsia usneoides L., was examined at Natchez, Miss., during the middle of May, 1909. ‘The few insects found besides the boll weevil have not yet been studied, but the arachnids have been identified by Mr. Nathan Banks, as follows : Liobunum vittatum Say. Zelotes sp. (immature). Anyphena fallens Atz. Theridium spirale Kmer. Grammonota maculata Bks. Philodromus perntx, Blk. Dendryphantes octavus Htz. PROPENSITY OF PLANT-BUGS FOR BITING PERSONS. Several times during August, rgog, at Dallas, Tex., I was annoyed by being bitten on my hands by little green leafhoppers, which bounded away as soon as I gave a jerk on feeling the bite. These insects entered my room at night through the screens of open windows, being attracted by electric lights above my desk. Early in September specimens were captured in the act of biting me, and their identification by Mr. O. Heide- mann was reported as Empoasca mali Le B. The same species was again detected in biting me during July, t9to, and subsequently another occasion was presented for observing its attack from start to finish. This last occurrence happened on the night of October 2. From the time my attention was first attracted by feeling the bite until the insect desisted, a trifle over four minutes elapsed according to my watch. ‘The insect was then captured, and after being crushed on a white sheet of paper, a faint bloody streak was produced, which proved beyond any doubt that the specimen had actuaily engorged itself with blood. 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. On the night of October 5 a cool northerly wind brought a sudden decline of temperature, and myriads of small bugs invaded dwellings and late business rooms wherever lights attracted the insects and nothing barred their way besides the ineffectual screens. In swarming around the lights, they caused a distractive annoyance to persons within range of their move- ments, more than on any preceding night. My daughter complained that the insects bit her, and her neck showed three small lesions, each of which was the nucleus of a stinging irritation. The insects were accused of being the culprits, because she had brushed them away. A quantity of the insects which fell from the light globes and died were collected and examined next morning. Nearly all were leafhoppers, of the family Jassidz. A few heteropterous plant-bugs were among them. The pre- vailing species of leafhopper was Afthysanus exttiosus Uhl., which. outnumbered De/tocephalus inimicus Say, at the rate of too to 6. Empoasca was much more abundant than De/tocephalus. Only a single specimen of another Jassid appeared in the examination. No record of such abnormal habit concerning these insects or other related species is known to me, but two of my associates have declared that they as well as some members of their families have been bitten by leafhoppers of common size, at various times and places, even during the recent abundance of these insects at lights in Dallas.. Another bug. to which my attention was drawn on account of its stinging bite on the back of my hand, was recognized as Zriph/eps instdiosus Say. This attacked me while doing field work on May Jo, Igto, at Dallas, Tex. Still another species, which proved to be Geocorus bullatus Say, has been brought to notice by an associate, Mr. Harry Pinkus, who was examining cotton plants with me ina field at Plano, Tex., July 12, also in 1910, when he captured the bug in the act of biting his hand. An additional species, which agreed with identified specimens of Atomoscelis serieatus Reut., belonging in the family AZiride | Capside), was taken in the act of biting the back of my hand while I was engaged in writing at my desk at night under electric lights, September 8, 1910, at Dallas, Tex. Its persistency in biting until I could obtain a cyanide bottle and capture it is strong evidence that it attempted to feed on blood, and perhaps succeeded ; in fact, it seemed loth to relinquish its attack even after being enclosed by the mouth of the bottle. The bite THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 produced a sharp stinging sensation, much like a mosquito puncture, and left a faint pale spot on the skin. Its rostrum was distinctly perceived to be directed into my skin. The species has otherwise been collected by me at the following places in Texas: Goliad, June 16, 1908; Pearsall, July 12, 1908, taken on Croton weed; and at Dallas, August 11, 1908, on cotton. The biting of these insects, as mentioned, may possibly be induced by mere force of habit, since they live on many kinds of plants, but in view of the supposition that they attack an animal by mistake, I had doubted up to the time of my last experiences that they would actually feed on blood. Really, I had not suffered myself to endure the stinging sensa- tion of a bite long enough for an insect to effect more than a puncture, until my last experience took place. MORTALITY OF AN ANTHOMYID FLY DUE TO FUNGUS. The occurrence of dead flys hanging on the wire screening of the insectary at Dallas, Tex., attracted my attention on March 29, 1gtI0o. On examination, fungus spores were observed in clusters on the bristles of the abdomen and on the legs of the flies, which proved to be the species Phorbia fusciceps Zett., whose larvz are widely injurious to roots of vege- tables. Maggots, which afterwards matured as this species of fly, have been taken while depredating on bean roots in a truck patch at Dallas, Tex., April 10, 1909. The disease, however, seemed to act upon the flies during night, since the dead bodies were noticed in new places for several mornings, being found attached to the leaves of an ash tree on April 12, by Mr. H. Pinkus. Specimens were submitted to Vera K. Charles, of the Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C., who gave the following report : “‘ The fungus is a species of Hmpusa, probably Empusa musce, Cohn. This host is not represented in our collections, nor has the fungus been reported upon it.” DANGER OF POLLUTION BY HONEYBEE. At an open public privy in Hackett, Ark., on September 13, 1910, chickens and insects were observed to have free access from the rear to the excrement on the ground. Although lime had been used to disin- fect the place, the recent deposits on top nevertheless attracted numerous flies, and among them a worker honeybee was seen investigating the polluted matter, It alighted on and examined one vile spot after another. 32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. What significance the conduct of this bee might have in the pollution of honey in its hive can only be imagined. I learned that some hived bees were kept near town. THE SHRUB, CEANWOTHUS OVATUS, DESF.,. AS A HOsie PLANT: On April 7, 1909, my attention was drawn to this shrub growing near Dallas, Tex., on account of the occurrence of scale insects on the main stem. The specimens were identified by Mr. J. G. Sanders as Lecanio- diaspis celtidis Cki]., which has been found extensively infesting hackberry trees in the city. Mr. Sanders remarked that the shrub “seems to be a new food-plant for this species.” From elongate gall formations on the branches, the moth determined by Mr. A. Busck as Stagmotophora ceanothiella Cosens, emerged on the 7th, 12th, 14th and roth of the month. On the flowers the moth, Scy¢hris albt/ineata W\shm. (det. A. Busck), was taken ; also the flies, Geron senz/is Fabr., and Phorbia fusciceps Zett. (both det. D. W. Coquillett) ; and two male sawflies identified by Mr. S. A. Rohwer as his species y/otoma grandis, In addition, two species of Chrysomelid beetles were collected, their determinations being made by Mr. Frederick Knab as Cryptocephalus notatus Fabr., and Diachus auratus Fabr. OCCURRENCE OF A LEAF ROLLER ON VI/BURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM \.. On same date and near the same place of collection as for the directly preceding records, the rolled leaves of the stag-bush or sloe, also improperly called the black haw, were found to occur extensively. These distortions were due to the work of caterpillars, one of which was enclosed or had pupated in every curled leaf. The moth, Anacampsis rhoifructella Clem. (det. A. Busck), matured from collected rolls, on May 8 and ro. In closing these notes for the present, mention might be made concerning the unfavourable seasons of 1909 and rgro for the collection of insects in Texas. On account of the unusual hot and dry weather which prevailed, there has been a marked restriction in the occurrence of many insects, resulting particularly in a deficiency of observations upon breeding habits. From the records and special notes herewith presented, I trust, however, that some advance in information is gained. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 33 SOME BEES FROM WESTERN CANADA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. I am indebted to Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt for the loan of a small ‘collection of bees obtained by Mr. T. N. Willing, of Regina, Saskatche- wan. Although the number of species is not large, several are new to the ‘Canadian fauna, or otherwise of interest. It is in this region that the arid transition zone enters Canada, and consequently, any one who will collect diligently there is sure to find a considerable number of species not otherwise known as Canadian. [I have omitted from the list three species of Andrena, two from Regina and one from Mortlach. I do not recognize these at once, and it may be that some or all are new, but it does not seem worth while to spend time on them until Mr. Viereck’s paper on the genus has been published. Colletes salicicola geranii Ckll.—1 ¢, Pincher, Alta., July to, 1904. Flalictus lerouxti ruborum Ckl\l.— 2, Mortlach, Sask., May 31. Fflalictus trizonatus Cress.— 2, Mortlach, May 31. Agapostemon texanus Cress.— 2, Mortlach, May 31, 1909. Andrena cockerelli Gren.— 9 , Lipton, Sask., June 5, 1907. flalictoides maurus Cress.— ?, Kinistino, Sask., July 26, 1907. Coelioxys ribis Ckll.— g, Prince Albert, Sask., July 27, 1907. Like the male of C. ridts Rincatdi, but hair a purer white, and scutellum subangulate in middle, with the lateral teeth short as in rzdzs 2. Osmia novomexicana Ckll.—Medicine Hat, Alta. one 2, May 30, £904. Anthidium tenuifiore Ck\ll.— 2, Radisson, July 29, 1907; ¢, Suks- town, July 18, 1go9. Megachile calogaster Ckll—@, Meota, Sask., July 8, 1906; 9, Swarthmore, July 15, 1910; ¢, Macleod, July 2, 1904. Megachile mantfesta Cress.— 6, Davidson, Aug. 21, 1907. Megachile (Sayaphis ) pugnata Say.— ¢, Radisson, July 29. Megachile (Anthemois) infragilis Cress.— f , Regina, July 11, 1909. A form with the light hair yellowish-white. Anterior coxz with no spines. Megachile relativa Cress.—Four 9’s, three from Regina, Aug. 24, Sept. 4 and 7, one from Davidson, Aug. 21. Peculiar for having the hair on last dorsal abdominal segment partly or mainly black instead of orange. Megachile latimanus Say.— 9, Regina, Aug. 15. Melissodes confusa Cress.—Males from Meota, Sask., July 8; Macleod, July 8; Radisson, July 29; Prince Albert, July 28. January, 1911 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Tetralonia medicata, n. sp.— ¢ , Medicine Hat, Alberta, May 30, rgo04. Length, about 14% mm.; like Z atriventris Sm., but pygidial plate narrower (as in fuscifes Rob., from Washington, D. C.); hair of head (except occiput), of pleura and under part of thorax, a@// black, of thorax above creamy white ; hair of legs black, or nearly, except on inner side of anterior and middle tibiz and anterior tarsi, where it is reddish, on middle tarsi, where it is red, brilliant on inner side, and the scope of hind legs, which is golden red; clypeus coarsely, irregularly punctured, with a median ridge; mesothorax dull, finely granular; mandibles with an orange patch ; wings not so brown as in atriventris or fuscipes; abdomen without bands. When working on this species, F had occasion to examine a cotype of Cresson’s JZelissodes dubitata. The specimen, which agrees excellently with the description, shows that dubitafa is not Zetralonia atriventris, as has been supposed, but is a valid species of true AZe/éssodes. It is readily distinguished from 7° atriventris by the clypeal structure and sculpture (punctures very dense) and the shining mesothorax. Anthophora bomboides Willingi, n. subsp.— 6, Prince Albert, Sask., June 18, 1905. Rather small; pale hair wholly dull white ; middle of thorax with a small amount of black hair ; first feo abdominal segments with pale hair (first ¢Zree in true domboides); sides of second segment posteriorly with black ; third and following with black hair; scape with a small light spot ; clypeus yellow, except a crescent-shaped black mark on each side, the convexity inward, and the lower inferior corners broadly ; lateral marks reduced to narrow stripes contiguous with the black part of clypeus ; labrum yellow, except lateral and apical margins, and the usual lateral spots. Proportions of antennal joints, venation, toothed hind basitarsi, ete., normal. A DECISION ON MEIGEN’S 1800 PAPER. BY J. M. ALDRICH, MOSCOW, IDAHO. In the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of October, 1908 (pp. 370=373), I published a discussion of this paper of Meigen’s, to which I added a brief item the next month (p. 432). Some time afterward, learning that the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature was accepting certain nomenclatural questions for consideration, expecting to render Opinions on them, I sent to Dr. Charles Wardell Stiles, secretary of the Commission, copies of what I had published on the Meigen paper, and asked him to have the question taken up by the Commission. I did not precisely specify the question to be considered, but simply gave him my January, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 30 discussion, my idea being to ascertain whether the 1800 names would be considered valid. The opinion of the Commission was delivered to me last May, and has lately been published among others in circular form by the Smith- sonian Institution (Smithsonian Publication, No.1989, p. 68, October, 1910). The question is taken up in the following form: ‘“The question primarily before the Commission is whether Meigen’s ‘Nouvelle Classification’ has been published or not.” Omitting the discussion, the conclusion is given in the following paragraph: “In the face of this evidence submitted by Doctor Stejneger, it cannot be doubted that Meigen’s paper has been published in the sense of the International Code, and the Secretary concurs with Doctor Stejneger in submitting to the Commission the motion that the Commis- sion is of the opinion that the generic names in Meigen’s Nouvelle Classification, 1800, must take precedence over those in his Versuch, 1803, in every case where the former are found valid under the International Codé.” ; This motion was agreed to by eleven commissioners, four not voting; none voting in the negative. After receiving this decision, on May 31, rgto, I wrote Mr. Stiles a letter, in which I said: ‘Tl do not find that you have touched the point at issue. In my published articles on the matter, which I sent you, I did not dispute that the paper was published in 1800. The question is whether the 1800 names were accompanied with enough data to make them valid. Andon this I still await a decision.” Mr. Stiles’s reply concludes with the following paragraph : “You summarize your point of view in the following sentence : ‘ The question is whether the 1800 names are accompanied with enough data to make them valid.’ My view is that this is a question for you and other specialists to answer zoologically. The opinion in question as written is to the effect that they are avaz/ab/e, and this is a question of the Code. Whether they are va/zd involves a question of systematic zoology, namely, can specialists recognize what is included under those names.” The foregoing facts will, I think, show that the Commission did not only not decide against my contention, but that the Secretary expressly says that the essential feature of the case does not lie within the jurisdic- tion of the Commission, and cannot be acted upon by them. 36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, BOOK NOTICE. Genera Insectorum dirigés par P. Wytsman, Coleoptera Adephaga, fam. Carabide, subfam. Cicindeline, von der Walther Horn, 1910. Fasci- cule 82b avec planches, 6-15. This, the second part of Dr. Horn’s “Cicindelinz,” has recently come from the press, and is devoted to the platysternale phylum, including the tribes Mantichorini, Megacephalini and Cicindelini. The general plan follows that indicated in the review of the first part (vide CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Ig10, p. 65), but so many items of interest to American entomologists appear that it seems worth while to notice them in some detail. Under Dr. Horn’s arrangement, our genera, Amblychila and Omus (together with the South American Pycnochila), form the subtribe Omina of the tribe Megacephalini. Of Amd/ychila, two species are recognized, cylindriformis Say (with the subspecies pecolominit Reiche), and baron Rivers (with the subspecies Schwarz: W. Horn), the recently described Jongipes Csy. ranking as a synonym of daronz. In Omus only three species are recognized, dejeani Reiche, submetallicus Horn, and cadéz- fornicus Esch. ‘The first two of these are without synonymy, but the string of names assigned to subspecific or other local forms of californicus is along one. Those given specific rank are (1) vandykez W. Horn, (2) audouini Reiche, (3) ambiguus Schpp., (4) punctifrons Csy., (5) seguotarum Cr., (6) fraterculus Csy., (7) horni Lec., (8) devis Horn, (9) edwards: Cr., (10) ¢atermedius Leng, (11) /econtec Horn, (12) fuchsi W. Horn. This leaves about two dozen of the names applied by LeConte, W. Horn and Casey with no higher value than that of synonyms. The reviewer is bound to confess that his own series of Omus is too small to throw any light upon the matter. Zetracha, which is made a subgenus of Megace- phala, of the subtribe Megacephalina, gets through with no change of name in our two species. The arrangement of the Cicindelini is not completed in this section, but it is divided into two subtribes, only one of which (Cicindelina) is found with us. This has not been reached, but the next part, containing it, will be looked forward to with interest and perhaps with some apprehension by subscribers to the work. Something should be said of the plates, which are beautifully executed, and illustrate a large number of exotic forms, as well as a few from North America. As in the preceding part, a good share of the drawings are devoted to structural details. The work as a whole is to be recommended to all naturalists interested in phylogenetic studies, since it represents the views of a writer who considers the insect not as a mere separate entity, but in relation to life as a whole. H. F. WIcKHAM. Mailed January 12th, 1911. The Ganatiay ¥ontomalogist Vou. XLITI. LONDON, FEBRUARY, rortr. No. 2 NEW HISTORIES AND SPECIES IN PAPAIPEMA AND HYDRCQCIA. BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. (Continued from Vol. XLI, page 118.) The environs of large cities are often prolific of Papaipema species, which, in comparison with rarer forms of other Noctuids, quite surprise one at first. While the flora of a section must indeed be indicative of the species to be expected, it is an undisturbed and unburned flora that at this day exerts a lasting influence on the perpetuation of these moths. So it happens the very urbanity which drives much insect life away helps, through lessening the indiscriminate burning of neglected areas, where a fire might be dangerous to buildings, to allow many species of this genus to breed in good numbers. Although a preferred indigenous food-plant has been established for most of their known larve, there is one introduced weed to which a great many will substitute upon necessity, this is the common Burdock, Arctium, and its prevalence in vacant city lots and waste places is sure to be detected by some of these boring larve. In fact, it is hard to find an extended growth of Burdock that is not bored by some Papaipemid, though cataphracta and nebris are the species to be generally expected. Investigations around Buffalo, N. Y., show an unusual number of species in Arctium, and several unfamiliar forms are bred. The primitive flora and fauna of this section must have been very rich ; the extreme fringe of the prairie zone here met the general Atlantic State forms, with conditions of damp bottom lands and water margins in proximity to the sand-dune life of the lake shore. It certainly reflected many varied characteristics, as is evidenced by the flora of Niagara Glen to-day. Opportunity was offered to observe Papaipema harrisii in well-estab- lished colonies, and the following notes are additional to published data : The wide dispersion of Heracleum lanatum, the preferred food-plant of this species, would naturally suggest some environmental forms, but aside from this, much instability in colour of the imago is found in every colony, and the range of variation seems most marked with it. We may use the term colony, for though in no sense gregarious, the persistent 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. nature of Heracleum in circumscribed areas permit broods to continue and inter-breed for a great many consecutive years. Hence the more apparent reason for environmental forms. And it is not the moth alone which shows variability, the larva exhibits a feature of individual instability with a tubercle plate which has not been observed with others. As only the mature larva has been described, attention may be drawn to the rest of the life-cycle which follows the normal routine. Ova deposited in September winter over and emerge during the last week of May. The early stages of the larva show the characteristic markings ; colour light brownish- maroon, which becomes very dull in the penultimate stage, with longi- tudinal lines white. The dorsal line is continuous, the subdorsal is broken on joints four to eight. This feature places the larva in the grouping to which zebris and marginidens belong, and holds with each stage except the last. The tubercles are as usual, well marked and normal for the genus, excepting the accessory IVa, on joint ten. This is small, never as large as IV on the preceding joints, as holds with cerussata for instance. Its uncertain accession is marked in that some specimens have it and some do not, and, further, that an individual may have IVa on one side and not on the other. The thoracic and anal shields are of the usual prominence, and at maturity the colours fade to a soiled, whitish translu- cence. Crochets of prolegs in single row of equal length, hooking out from a broadly U-shaped setting, colour brown, number twenty; as contrasted to cerussata, where the number Is twenty-two, colour black and the hooks slightly larger. JLarvz leave plant for pupation ; July 25-31 ; moths emerge in four weeks. A familiarity with the type form, the extreme of variation where the stigmata are black and the primaries darkly suffused, designated by Hampson as aberration No. 1, Vol. IX, Catalogue of Phalene, together with the usual intermediate variations, following a three-years’ study of Buffalo material, has given the writer a fuller knowledge of Aarriszz, which seemed necessary before passing finally on two apparently allied forms. One is from California, a species discovered by Mr. F. X. Williams, of San Francisco, bred by him from larvee boring C7rstum occidentale. He kindly forwarded a number of the pupz within their borings where they had changed. One larva had died of a fungous disease, drying into a satisfactory specimen, and was seen to be of the common type, as shown by harrisii and arctivorens, but altogether seemed within the scope of a geographical race of the former. Satisfactory evidence to the contrary 1s now at hand, and the following name is proposed : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 Papaipema erubescens, Nn. sp. Form congeneric, front smooth, pattern typical. Head and thoracic vestiture yellowish or fawn, mixed with rosy-brown, collar tipped above in lighter shade. Antenna ciliate, with tuft of white scales at base. Primaries rather narrow, apex acute; basal, medial and terminal areas yellow, powdered with purple-brown ; the ante- and postmedial areas dull purple, but contrasts are not strong, due to the more or less dense powderings. Postmedial line most prominent, indistinctly double, the inner line brown the outer dark purple. It projects very slantingly out- ward from the costa, making quick turn at vein six, thence nearly straight to inner margin, which it meets at a much less oblique angle. Stigmata usually white, sometimes entirely yellow; size normal, agreeing with typical harrisit in definition. The central mark of reniform and the outer middle portion always yellow, the orbicular shows a central brown dot. Second- aries pale yellowish, more or less roseate, always with smoky medial band and the veins showing a little darker. The under side is more glistening and densely powdered with smoky-brown. The genitalia conform to the normal type for the genus in the harpes, but the curved hook arising on the side is without the usual teeth on the posterior edge. Expanse, 36-40 mm. Habitat, San Francisco, Cal., and probably over the range of its food-plant in that State. Eleven males are for comparison, and other specimens have been seen. A male type is in the author’s collection, and cotypes are with Messrs. Mceser and Williams. While somewhat variable, erwdescens will be easily recognized super- ficially and by the wing outline. The smooth hook or clasper of the genitalia is not duplicated exactly in any other species, except the Calli- fornian angelica, whereas the toothed form of this process holds with over thirty species, and is a feature emphasized by Prof. Smith as an exception for the Noctuids, at the erection of Papaipfema. Mature larva similar to harrisii series in size and appearance. Head normal. Colour pale flesh-tint, whiter on last five joints, lines lost. Tubercles prominenr, roughed ; I1b, III and IV large and close together on thoracic joints ; IV the largest on the abdominal ones, with no trace of [Va on joint ten. Shield smooth, glistening-brown ; spiracles black. Pupa very cylindrical, though not apparently cramped in the burrow ; similar to zmpecunzosa, though the latter is always wedged tightly in the boring. ‘There is no unusual feature, no prominence on the front, and there may or may not 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. exist a small bifidate spur. Colour brown. Length, 18-2c mm. Dates of emergence of series, Aug. 25 to Sept. 14. In the season of 1908 a number of nearly matured necopina larve were secured boring in Burdock about Buffalo. From this lot, supposedly all alike, a rather large, dark ochreous Pafatpema moth appeared at an early date, being, in fact, the first specimen to emerge from a large series of various species. It had concolorous stigmata, and differed from anything previously seen. A relationship to zmperspicua seemed most probable, and the next year the Burdock were closely observed for some unfamiliar larva which would prove this species. Nothing out of the ordinary could be detected, however, though the final aggregation from this plant again produced one of these aberrant moths. Mr. Mceser, the local enthusiast, found, when emergence began, that he had succeeded in locating the oddity boring in Angelica atropurpurea, and secured a good series of the moths. In 1gto he sent on the larve, which seemed to work in Angelica as a preferred food-plant, though many occurred in Heracleum also, and the two last stages were observed. An extended series of the moths show the stigmata may become fully white, when they become comparable to a smoky variation of Aarriszi that is white-spotted. The result of the study — is to conceive this form an aberration of the Grote species that is forsaking Heracleum as a staple diet, which probably represents a prairie race, and really gives an example of a species in the making. As it never seems to revert to the type form as exemplified by Kittery Point, Maine, material, and is in no sense a case of individual variation, and, indeed, may prove enurely distinct, a designation for it as an aberration of Aarrisiz at least seems advisable. Papaipema rubiginosa, new aberration. Head, legs and thorax dull purple-brown, irrorated with yeilow scales ; abdomen lighter. Collar edged above with yellow, the spreading tuft of usual proportions. Fore wings dull yellow, with smoky-brown powderings more or less dense. At the hinder margin the yellow becomes brighter, due to less powdering. Basal and medial areas the same shade of yellow- brown ; ante- and postmedial areas purple-brown, but with little contrast. Terminal space faintly lighter and yellower ; as is also the apical patch. Basal line sinuous, double, filled in with yellow, not always well defined ; antemedial line sinuous and indistinct ; median shade line shows plainly from the lower end of the reniform, extending straight and obliquely to the inner margin paralleling the postmedial. The latter distinctly double and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41 nearly straight. The orbicular and claviform are indistinctly defined in dark purplish, sometimes partly outlined-with bluish-white atoms. The reniform indistinct, the central lunulate line strongest and shown in yellow. Or the stigmata may be wholly pure white, but gradations between the two have not been seen. The hind wings are smoky-brown, paler in some specimens and usually show a medial shading. Beneath the medial lines ate stronger, on a lighter, more luteous ground. Fringes slightly dentate. The male genitalia agree with the common type, does not differ to a noticeable degree from Aarrzsiz, or, for that matter, from arctivorens, nebris and others. Expanse, 38-42 mm. Habitat.— Buffalo, N. Y. A series of thirty-two specimens have been examined, and a cotype is in Mr. Meeser’s collection. Axdiginosa differ from aberration No. t of Hampson in general ground colour and in the definition of the postmedial line, which in the latter are counterparts of the typical specific maculation. Types of both forms are with the author. The larva in penultimate stage is similar to arriszz, and is hard to differentiate by any character of notice. Head isa little larger, and the lines appear better defined, the dorsal alone being continuous. Tubercles normal, brownish-black, rather small. An accessory [Va, which 1s very small, occurs on joint ten, shields and leg-plates normal. Larve are thus far advanced about July 20. Atematurity the colour is a whitish translucence, the tubercles become blacker and larger, which is an unusual feature. On joint ten IVa becomes as large as IV on the preceding joint, and occupies a correspond- ing position. Some variation may exist in this, however. The sete seem especially well developed, even those ventrally situated on the small tubercles on joints 4 and 5, that apparently merge into the leg-plates on the succeeding four joints, are easily discerned. Length, 42-44 mm. July 30 finds most larve full-fed and the borings deserted. The pupa is entirely normal. Emergence ranges from Aug. 17 to Sept. 9. By far the finest disclosure for tg10 was the apprehension of a beautiful, distinct and unknown species at Buffalo by Mr. F. E. Mceser. This new departure had escaped him by a narrow margin the previous season, but by persistent effort and an early beginning he was able to round up a species well worth the pains. As with other similar surprises in this genus, one wonders how such a thing has escaped notice so long. Its beautiful tints, comparable to a cross between a_ high-coloured 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. marginidens and cerussata, make it a very striking species, and though much smaller, would court notice at any collector’s hands. The quest for the larva of Xanthecia buffaloensis, known only in the single example taken many years ago, which stands as the British Museum type of Papatpema speciosissima and furcata, taken in recent years in a few random imagoes at light, had served to keep an interest in larva-hunting, which now meets with this unexpected reward. Thus, in recognition of the persistent and skillful work done by Mr. Meeser in this group, it is fitting to dedicate this fine pecies to him, Papaipema mesert, n. sp. Antenna slightly ciliate, front smooth, habitus typical, Vestiture of head and thorax rich purple, collar edged with cream, crests and tufts fully normal, abdomen dull purple-gray. Primaries short and stout, yet acute at apex; ground colour rich violet-brown, the medial area red, irrorated with yellow toward the inner margin, the ante-, postmedial and terminal areas purple, with a satin sheen ; within the basal line the usual contrasting spots are yellow and not large, an elongate dot outside this line at its middle ; antemedial line indistinct, very sinuous, touches lower edge of claviform and bends outwardly before reaching the inner margin, claviform two obliquely placed, rounded, white spots, the lower twice or three times the size of the upper ; the orbicular, whose axis is in the same oblique line, is an irregularly rounded white spot, sometimes centrally marked with a brown dot; reniform large, the usual cluster of broken white spots around a yellow lunulate line, except the spot at the middle outer side, which is yellow ; five yellowish dots on costa ; postmedial line, two fine indistinct lines, beginning on costa above and very near the reniform, past which it sweeps in a full curve, nearly touching again the lower end, and thence nearly straight and oblique to the inner margin ; the deep brown median shade is noticeable in its lower course across the median field ; terminal line defined by an illumination of glistening orange scales, inwardly dentate between the veins and brightest near the apex ; it serves to define the terminal from the postmedial areas, which otherwise would be a solid blending of rich purple gloss. Secondaries violet-gray, with a fine, indistinct medial line and terminal band. Beneath the violet-gray is darkened with smoky powderings. The male genitalia, though typical, shows some individuality; the lower lobe of the trigonate end of the harpes, as occurs with the AarrisiZ group, is aborted, and the clasper-hook, bearing the typical teeth, seems finer and shorter. Its THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 43 design approaches scéata and impecuniosa most nearly. Expanse, 34-36 mm. Dates of emergence, Aug. 23 to Sept. 28. Habitat.—Buffalo, New York City, N. Y.; Montreal, Que. Eighteen examples furnish the description. A male and female cotype are with Mr. Mceser, and a male type and female cotype are with the writer. J/@sert, in its freshness, is very distinct from any well-known species. It is constant in colour and size, the only variation in the series being in the outward curve of the postmedial line where passing the reniform, which in one specimen angles inward at this point, deflecting the usual true sweep, and some specimens are a little yellower. Nepheleptena Dyar is very close in some respects, but differs in the angle that the white spots bear to the costa. From a cotype sent to the National Museum Dr. Dyar inclines to concur in its distinctness. Unfortunately, zepheleptena is not represented by a very bright example in the unique type. The writer has seen a great deal, first and last, of the species cataphracta, as will anyone who investigates Papazpema life-histories. It is the one general feeder, the only thorough plebian, the great ubiquitous nuisance. Its list of food-plants include about everything the other species eat, so one cannot help gathering them in along with desiderata, as well as a host of others. As the seeker in these larval investigations is always on the alert to detect some new food-plant being bored, the work of this species is constantly brought to the front and deplored, after the moment of hope that sprung from some new observation. Further than that, the larve change to pupe within their borings, which adds to the flame, for one may happen on the pupz in some new and likely food-plant, only to be disappointed later, after a jong wait, for the moths are tardy in emerging. Our fingers seem still to tingle from the great box of Nettle-roots which were once painfully gathered in, thinking the small pup contained therein would surely prove a novelty. Hope continued to mount until after the first of October, in this instance before the first cataphracta appeared, when the disappointment was correspondingly keen. Which is but one instance out of a great many. But there is a redeeming feature, its larva can be easily identified, for there is none other just like it, and upon a glance it may be returned to its newest food-plant. Further, if the plant is large and the stage late, one may detect its work by the large amount of frass thrown off, for it is a great gourmand, and no false hopes need be entertained fora moment. Yet it is not a common species in 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. flight, and many good collections of Noctuide are without a representative. This digression is but to emphasize the fact that the writer is familiar with the species, and in all the years up to encountering the Buffalo fauna we will say in pattern, colour and design it has been constancy itself. Not the faintest fleck of white has ever appeared in the stigmata for instance, the weak point in Papaipema. But the Buffalo Burdocks seem once with enigmas, and a darkly suffused, white-spotted form appears, which, did not more apparent inter- grades exist to the normal form, would warrant the assumption of further specific departures. From circumstantial superficialities one would declare that the mecopima and cataphracta, with which these plants are teeming, had irredeemably mixed, though their very numbers might argue against the need or likelihood of hybridism. Even mecopina shows apparent taint in examples deeply powdered with the peculiar yellow tint of cataprracta, running to forms having a well-defined and white-marked reniform. Whatever the cause, the only facts known are that this peculiar aberration is produced from a larva having the full specific attributes of cataphracta in the last two stages at least. A rather striking feature with this new form is that it begins to emerge in August, whereas the type form rarely begins before Sept. 15, and continues until the middle of October, for New York State at least. A name for this form of cataphracta is considered desirable, and the following is proposed : Papaipema fluxa, new aberration. Vestiture of thorax purple-brown mixed with gray. Primary broad, entirely suffused with umber-brown, concealing more or less the yellow under colouring and the usual lines; ante - and postmedial areas fainly show a purple reflection; stigmata small and white-marked, or the orbicular and claviform may be lost entirely, or the reniform may show the outer spots yellow ; a powdering of yellow scales over the lower median area, producing a patch at the apex, and a sprinkling is noticeable on the costa. Secondary the smoky-gray of the abdomen. The genitalia agrees with type form. Expanse, 34-38 mm. A cotype is with Mr. Mceser and a male type with the author. Papaipema arctivorens Ampsn. The life-history of this species has never been fully recorded. It is an Eastern Canadian form, occurring commonly about the City of Montreal. Its larva bores in stems of Arctium lappa, Cirsium lanceola- tum, C. arvense, Dipsacus sylvestris and other thick-stemmed weeds. A THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 45 preferred indigenous food-plant has not been associated with it, and its range is surely of a northern character. Its prevalence in Arctium was very marked in the season of 1909, all undisturbed waste places, even in the heart of the city that are productive of this weed seem to support flourishing colonies. Cataphracta and necopina occur with it in much less numbers, but the work of arctivorens is confined more particularly to the top of the plant. It prefers to pass most of its period in the parts at the head of the main stem or branches, which produces a more or less aborted growth. At the middle of July the midday sun causes a notice- able wilting of the growth above the cell-like boring, and as several examples are often in one plant, the effect becomes marked, Mr. A. F. Winn, who, among other of the Montreal collectors, has had the species long under notice, years ago coined the term “‘hydrcecitis” for this appear- ance of the plants. Of his interesting observations he has seen the newly- emerged larva ascending the plants and drilling its way within the stem, and has drawn our attention to a parasitic wasp, which is an additional species as effecting this genus. Ova were secured Sept. 6 from a pair confined in a roomy vivarium. They were deposited scatteringly without apparent design, singly or in small clusters. The egg is slightly flattened, the greatest diameter .6 mm., colour yellowish pearly-white. They winter over and emerge the latter part of May. Stage I.—Generic characters fully evident, the dark middle joints, four to eight, are crossed by the continuous whitish dorsal line, the sub- dorsal being here discontinued ; tubercles and setzx pronounced, the latter on abdominal joints one, two and three appear longer than the others ; true legs black ; spiracles ringed with black ; head and shields shining yellowish. Stage II.—Similar to preceding, the darkened portions become darker now, a deep purple-lake, the lines purer white. Tubercle IV becomes larger on abdominal joints. Stage III.—As before; head and thoracic shield of equal width, polished, yellowish, a black line from the ocelli crosses the epicraneum obliquely to lower edge of shield, which is here bordered with black ; tubercles blacker. Stage IV.—Colours as before; the first pair of abdominal legs are still shorter, but now used ; the blackish line on head and lower edge of shield finds continuation in the dark body colour existing as a stripe on 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the thoracic joints between the white subdorsal and substigmatal lines ; tubercle [Va now occurs on joint ten, at the upper corner of spiracle, is slightly larger than IV on this joint, but smaller than IV on the preceding one; I and II small on all joints to eleven. Stage V.—Similar to preceding, colours intense, lines sharply defined, joints four, five, six and seven show as a solid girdle of blackish- purple, except where crossed by dorsal line. Tubercle IVa on joint ten as before. Penultimate stage.—Similar, except the ground colour fades to a lighter shade; tubercles the same, IVa holding its corresponding size, and is without seta. Mature larva; head normal, smooth, polished, now becomes brownish-yellow, side marking lost, though shield holds its conspicuous black edging; ocelli and mouth-parts touched with black ; epicranial sete normal, of about equal length, IV seeming longest, adfrontal area defined by nearly straight sutures; thoracic shield wide as head, long as joint one, smooth, shining, yellowish-brown ; anal shield forms similar protection to joint twelve, but its surface is minutely roughened with granulations ; tubercle IV is largest on first ten segments, exceeding the spiracle, on joint eleven III slightly exceeds IV, as do I and II, on joint ten [Va still holds the size of true IV lower down; all are brownish- black ; spiracles dull black ; crochets of prolegs similar to arrisiz ; body colour has now faded to whitish translucence, all lines lost ; length of larva per stages, 6,9, 12, 20, 26, 34, 42 mm. Larval penod/aiityato fifty-six days. The boring is forsaken usually, and the pupal period, covering twenty- eight to thirty-six days, is passed in the ground or beneath some slight covering of refuse. The pupa is shining brown, the wing-cases well defined and thin enough that the stigmata are plainly seen shortly before emergence ; abdominal joints taper evenly; a slight bifidate spur. Length, 18-22 mm. Among the yellow-brown species of the genus of which it is a good type, arctivorens comes closest to the yellow, or type form of harriszz, both in larva and imago. Its individuality seems most pronounced in the white marking formed by the orbicular and claviform, being proportion- ately larger than with its allies, a feature especially accentuated in dwarfed or abnormal examples. There is no erratic variability as occurs with harristi. The genitalia are of the usual pattern, showing no distinguish- ing features. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 Papaipema rigida. The list of food-plants can be increased to include He/ianthus tuberosus, Arctium lappa and Zizzia aurea. Tho preferred food-plant, instead of Helianthus decapetalus, as stated by the writer in this magazine, Vol. XLI, p. 116, should be revised to Heliopsis helianthoides. The latter is by far most accepted, and seems very generally bored under favourable conditions. This plant does not occur at Rye, N. Y., and here rigida flourishes to some extent in the roots of Z7zzza, which is not nearly so well suited for such a larva. The examples in Arctium were plainly cases of substitution. An undescribed western species of Hydrecia has been referred to the writer, for which the following name is proposed : fy drecia repleta, vn. sp.. Head and thorax clothed with admixture of yellow and reddish or garnet, hair-like scales, abdomen darker. Fore wings brown, of a nearly even shade, probably with red or garnet tinge when fresh; basal area rather large, yellow, defined by a double inwardly-waved line at vein I, beyond this point an elongate white dot ; antemedial line double, filled in with yellow ; median shade faintly discernible, blackish ; orbicular large, round, white, with central speck of brown; claviform rounded, white, bisected by brown hair line ; reniform large, a yellow bent bar surrounded by white spots divided by brown hair lines ; postmedial line double, ill-defined, illuminated near costa by yellow scales, bends outwardly past reniform, thence with ogee curve to inner margin; subterminal line irregularly waved and generally parallel to postmedial ; postmedial area probably shows purplish-sheen when fresh ; terminal space faintly dashed with yellow between veins, and a yellow blotch at apex. Hind wings solid, dull black, with pale rufous fringes. Beneath the wings are smoky-black on a luteous ground, having a garnet suffusion at costal and terminal areas ; a black medial line and discal spots. Expanse, 34-36 mm, - Habitat.—Huachuca and Chiris Mts., Paradise, Ariz.; Aug. 21 to Sept. 13. Collector unknown. Three specimens are at hand through the courtesy of Prof. J. B. Smith, who retains a male and female cotype. The species is an exact counterpart in maculation of the fore wing of the well-known serrata, which seems common at Denver, Colo. The one male specimen is minus antenne, so it cannot be stated if it has this pectinated as holds with its ally. The darker tone and black secondaries easily separate them, however, though the genitalia of the new form does not differ markedly from serrata, which has been figured by Prof. Smith. 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON THE?BREEDING: OF ZROPIDOPRIA COREA FABR.* BY G. E. SANDERS, DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY, OTTAWA. Ip carrying on some dipterous experiments in the Division, in August, Igto, many of the puparia of Zristalis tenax Linn. were found to contain the well-known parasite TZrofidopria conica. About forty per cent. collected under natural conditions in August and September were found to be infested, giving on an average 35 adult parasites to each puparium. The highest number from one puparium was 46, and the lowest 2r. Emergence.—This takes place through one or more round, somewhat jagged holes, about 3 mm. in diameter, cut in the side of the puparium. The holes are cut by the adult after they have completed their transforma- tions. All the parasites in one puparium appear to complete their trans- formations at the same time, showing no indication of a partial retarded development as is so often found in similar parasites. Mating.— About three hours after emergence many pairs were seen together, apparently in coitu; closer examination, however, showed that this was not the case. The male had placed himself firmly upon the dorsal surface of the female, and with his two front tarsi had caught hold of the antennee of the female and drawn them upwards and backwards until they lay nearly perpendicular, one on each side, close to the fore part of his thorax. The antenne of the male were thrown back so that the sense organ, or gland, situated on the fourth antennal joint, as shown in figure 2, lay directly against the antennal club of the female. This organ was being passed quickly up and down the female’s antennal club, and was evidently intended to A B excite the female sexually; the wings ahaa crt rie ya ee A eng of of the male were raised and fluttered antenna ; B, left antenna. continuously during the process. Often this means of excitement continued for three minutes, but more often it “Scientific Contributions from the Division of Entomology, Ottawa. February, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 lasted for from thirty to forty seconds. Copulation did not follow in all cases ; in several cases it did. The exciting process appears to be always preliminary to copulation. The gland-like organ is found on the fourth antennal joint of the male in Zyopidopria and many allied genera, and it appears that its sole purpose is for the exciting of the female in the manner described. Oviposition.—This takes place in the puparium. The earliest instance was observed forty-eight hours after emergence. The ovipositor is, in all cases, inserted directly back of the respiratory} “horns” in the suture forming the cap, which is forced off by the #y7/sta/s adult in emerging. Freshly-found puparia were selected, when possible, for ovi- position in preference to those in which the host was well advanced. It was observed, however, that they would deposit their eggs in old puparia when only one is exposed. Several such cases, even when the female was known to be fertilized, did not harm the host, the adult Zrista/is emerging. The ovipositor appears to be inserted by a straight slow thrust ; the body of the female while ovipositing is raised in a semi-circle, except for an occasional movement of the antenne, which for the most part are extended forward and rest upon the puparium. The time from the insertion to the withdrawal of the ovipositor was taken in four cases, being 173 minutes, 185 minutes, 96 minutes and ror minutes respectively. Development.—The larva is an internal feeder, developing and trans- forming within the soft tissues of the abdomen and thorax. In the early stages they do not retard the development of the host, as in instances where the puparia were known to be freshly formed when the eggs of the parasites were deposited in them, and when one of these was broken open fifteen days later the head, thorax and legs of the fly were found to be perfectly formed. Length of cycle.—The two broods carried through from the egg to the adult took, in one case, 36 days, from August 7th to September rath, and in the others 41 days, from September 7th to October 18th ; in this last case the larval and egg stages were 30 days and the pupal 11 days. On account of the difficulty found in rearing the larvee the cycle of the host could not be determined accurately. Data taken in the latter half of August and in September, when put together give the complete cycle at about 30 days—about 18 days larve and 12 days pupze—in all a shorter cycle than that of the parasite. 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The adult Zyopidopria is particularly long-lived ; in one lot, which emerged on September 2tst, the majority lived until October 12th, and a few survived until October 14th. Parthenogenesis.—Several pupze were removed from one puparium and placed singly in gelatine capsules in order to secure unfertilized females. These, when they emerged, were placed on puparia which had been reared from larvee, and were known to be free from parasites. On September 18th 9 adults, all males, emerged from one puparium. Relative number of the sexes —Under natural conditions there is a great preponderance of females. From one phial containing several puparia, 298 parasites emerged; of these, 101 were males and 197 females. Two lots, each from one puparium, were examined, the one was found to contain 9 males and 35 females, the other 17 males and 29 females. MELITAA THEONA MENETRIES AND ITS SYNONYMY. BY KARL R. COOLIDGE, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA. Melitea theona was described by Menetries in his Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei imperialis Academiz Scientiarum Petropoli- tanez, 1855 (p. 86, and a figure, 5, on plate 2). Dr. Skinner has kindly sent me a copy of the original description, which reads as follows : “444. Melitea theona nob.—Encore une espece de ce groupe americain de nos artemis, athalia, etc., dont on compte déja plus d’une dixaine d’especes. Sa taille est celle d’un petit individu de la 7. athalia Esp., c’est-a-dire d’un pouce deux lignes d’envergure. Au premier abord, elle ressemble un peu a la JZ, editha Boisd. En dessus, les ailes sont d’un brun noiratre, avec des bandes formées de taches jaunatres et fauves, ainsi disposées : aux ailes supérieures, la bande la plus externe est com- posée de taches fauves, a l’exception de la 4e, qui est plus grande et d’un blanc jaunatre ; la seconde bande, qui est plus interne et plus irreguliére, est formée de 7 taches d’un blanc jaunatre ; plus prés de la base, on remarque plusieurs taches fauves, separées entr’elles par une tache d’un blanc jaunatre, placée diagonalement au milieu de la cellule discoidale, puis une autre en dessous de cette cellule, plus poche de la base enfin une 3e allongée, dans ia cellule et plus rapprochée encore de la base. Les ailes inférieures présentent une bande parallele au bord externe, composée de 8 taches fauves, ces taches sont arrondies a leur sommet et tronquées inférieurement ; le disque est coupe par une autre bande parallele de 8 February, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 51 / taches oblongues, également fauves ; et enfin, plus proche de la base, on compte 3 ou 4 taches peu distinctes. En dessous, les ailes supérieures offrent de plus, outre le dessin du dessus, une rangée de petites taches blanchatres qui part du sommet et le long du bord externe ; la base est fauve, présentant les trois taches blanchatres du dessus, entourées d’une ligne noire. Les ailes inférieures différent du dessus, en ce quelles présentent de plus une band de taches blanc-jaunatres, le long du bord externe ; la bande qui traverse le disque de laile est formée de taches oblongues d’un blanc jaunatre comme en dessus, mais bordées de noir inférieurement et d’un simple lisére de cette teinte antérieurement; la base présent une bande de taches, en rayons, étroites, surtout les plus internes, d’un blanc jaunatre, un autre plus bas au milieu, le tout reposant sur un fond fauve.” The type locality is given as Nicaragua. Edwards, in 1870 (Trans. Ent. Soc. Phila., Vol. 3, p. 191), described M. thekla, “taken by Dr. E. Swart in So. Calif.,” and which has since been found to occur commonly in Arizona and Texas. I know of no definite locality for ¢hek/a in California, and Mr. W. G. Wright (Butt. West Coast) has apparently never met with it in this State. Ao//iz Edwards was published in Field and Forest, Vol. 3, p. 101, 1877, and isa synonym of thekla, as Dr. Holland, who possesses the types of both, has pointed out. Dr. Scudder, in his Synonymic List of the Butterflies of North America, Bull. Buff. Soc. Nat. Sciences, Vol. II, p. 265, 1875, gives for the habitat of ¢Aeona, which with Zeanira and fthek/a, he places in his genus Thessalia, “So. Cal., Nicaragua and Guatemala.” Boisduval, in the classic Lepidoptéres de la California, p. 55, 1869, says of ¢heona that “ Cette espece tres commune dans certaines localités du Mexique, a été retrouvée dans la Sonora par M. Lorquin.” Sonora evidently is referable to Southern California. I have long suspected that our JZ, ¢hek/a is a pure synonym of ¢Aeoma. Certainly the description of ¢Aeona is applicable to elther ¢hekla or boli, and furthermore, Godman and Salvin, in the Biologica Cent. Americana, state that specimens of d0//ii and thek/a from northern Sonora are not distinguishable from ¢heona, except in being somewhat more fulvous. It is quite obvious then that thek/a and bollii must be relegated to the synonymy of ¢#eona, which has long priority. It is a matter of astonishment that this group should have stood erroneously so long in our lists. Dr. Skinner (Cat. Rhop.) does not include ¢heona in our fauna, but later in his first supplement (p. 9) he lists fheona var. o2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. perlula Felder (Wien. Ent. Mon., 5, p. 104, n. 80, 1861), which Doll. Ent. News, Vol. 15, p. 350, 1904, reports from Brownsville, Texas. I am totally unacquainted with this, but believe that it is another ¢heona synonym, or that the identification is incorrect, as per/u/a is not known to occur in the intermediate region between Texas and Venezuela. The Biologica makes no mention of it. Dr. Dyar, Bull. 52, U. S. Nat. Museum, includes ¢heona, and gives it the habitat ‘“‘ Texas, Colorado,” placing fu/via Edwards as a synonym. ‘This is certainly incorrect, as fu/via is a synonym of a/ma Strecker. Strecker, Cat., p. 126, 1878, records ¢heona, No. 231, from S. California, S.-West Texas, Cent. America. Dr. Smith’s Catalogue gives ¢heona (No. 110), and places it between wrzghtzz and thekla. The synonymy is asfollows : Melitea theona Menetries. syn. thek/a Edwards. bollit Edwards. M. definata Aaron belongs in this group, and may be the insect recorded as perlulu. The Department of Zoology and Entomology of the Ohio State University has recently received as a donation a fine collection of Lepi- doptera from Mrs. Catharine Tallant, of Richmond, Indiana. The collection was made by Mr. W. N. Tallant during a series of years in the nineties and up to about 1905. It contains mainly species occurring in central Ohio, especially at Columbus, but has also a number of species from different parts of the United States, and also some fine samples of species occurring in South America, Japan, China, India, Ceylon and Africa. The collection contains about 10,000 specimens in most excellent condition, very beautifully mounted, and many of the species contain very full series, showing variations, etc., which will make them of special value for scientific study. They are, for. the most part, carefully identified, included in good cases and cabinets, and will be kept under the name of the ‘ Tallant Collection.” Taken with the other collections in Lepidoptera, the collection of Odonata left by Professor Kellicott, and those in various groups which have been accumulated by the efforts of the members of the Department, the University is now provided with an excellent collection of insects, including representatives in all the different orders, the total number of specimens probably coming close to 100,000. | HERBERT OSBORN, Columbus, O. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 NOTES ON DIABROTICA AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS, (Continued from page 16.) D. peckit, nov. sp. Yellow; head, intermediate joints of the antennx, scutel, pectus, tibie and tarsi black ; elytra smooth, shining yellow, each with a large quadrate black patch at the base and a large circular black spot at the apex, in the middle of each a round yellow spot. Length, 544 mm. One example, Manatee Dist., Brit. Honduras, Dec. 6, 1909. Collected by Mr. Peck. Head with fovea small and abrupt ; antennz a little more than half the length of the body, joint 2 short, 3 one-half longer, 4 equal to two preceding ; 1 and g-1o and base of 11 pale yellow, 2-3 cloudy, the rest daik. Thorax pale flavous, smooth impunctate, faintly depressed behind and at the middle, and obsoletely bifoveate ; elytra very slightly dilated behind, smooth, shining, faintly and finely punctulate, longitudinally sul- cate, when looked at from behind at a certain angle obsoletely, the basal black patches join at the suture, each is convex towards the apex and reaches nearly the middle of the elytra, but does not attain the lateral edge ; the apical patch oblong circular, nowhere attaining the edge or suture. Very close to dzocudata Bow., but with three, in place of two, upper joints of the antennz light, thorax wider and more indefinitely foveate, elytra much more sparsely punctured, and colour of markings dull black in place of blue or cyaneous. D. columbiensis, nov. sp. Head, tibiz and tarsi black, antennz more than half the length of the body, joints 1-3 and g-io flavous, rest piceous, thorax rufous (like varicornis Jac.), deeply bifoveate, and sometimes an indication of a third just before the scutel, which is piceous; elytra yellow, strongly plicate, with a blue-black annulus at the base (often broken), and a curved fascia behind the middle, not attaining either edge (often broken); between these blue marks is a suffused rufous-orange band, and the tip is the same colour, abdomen and femora yellow. Length, 5-6 mm. Type Columbia, also Ibague, Columbia (Fr. Claver) 4 var., Calif. Columbia (Rosenburg), (Venezuela, Mocquerys ?). February, 1911 54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Very close to varicornis Jac. and Haroldi Baly ; from the former it differs by the black tibize and tarsi and different colouring, from the latter by the narrower rufous thorax and different colouring, and from both by the shorter second and third joints of the antennz, which are short and equal; fourth much longer in ¢ and somewhat longerin the 2; thorax a little longer than wide, lightly sinuate at the side; elytra slightly dilated behind ; what I regard as the typical form has the basal ring-shaped mark, complete, contiguous at the suture, but not attaining the margin and with- out any projection at the outside rear, similar to what is found in /2bzadis and adelpha, the rear fascia is broken into broad spots, the general effect being rather orange-coloured, elytra with dark spots, surrounded with a lighter colour, after the manner of certain specimens of C/larkel/a Baly ; abdomen and femora yellow. Two of the Cali examples have light piceous legs (immature ?). In its elytral markings the variety, when the spots are broken, much resembles semicircudata Jac. from Bugaba. D. chimborensts, nov. sp. Head, scutellum, pectus, and tibize and tarsi black, antenne piceous, flavous at base, joints 9-10 white, thorax a little longer than broad, rufous, shining, sparsely, finely, but evidently punctured, elytra pale yellowish- white, with a vivid cyaneous or bluish band at the base not attaining the margin (enclosing a round yellow spot) and an oblique fascia of the same colour behind the middle, femora and abdomen yellow, the former tinged with piceous at the apex. Length, 6% mm. Type, one example “above Chimbo., 3000 viii, 97, Rosenberg.” Very like ¢ébzalts Jac., or adelpha Har.; frontal fovea not very deep, antenne a little more than one-half as long as body, the first joint pale, with piceous tip, joint 2 short, 3 one-half longer, piceous with pale bases, 4 elmost one-half longer than the two preceding, joints 4-8 black, g-1o and base of 11 white, thorax comparatively longer and narrower than tibialis and punctured, the forward band of the elytra, with its enclosed spots, is the same marking as ¢¢b¢a//s and ade/pha, but cyaneous in place of black ; the posterior fascia is almost straight-edged, oblique and not right-angled or semilunate, as in the ¢éb/a/is and adelpha. ‘Vhe form is moderately dilated to the rear, and the elytra are not plicate. I have two examples from Caracas, Venez., which I include with this species, one of which was labelled as ¢zb¢a/is Jac. in his second collection. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55 D, purpurascens, NOV. sp. Head flavous, vertex and front tinged with purple, labrum black, antenne fuscous, flavous at base and apex, thorax as long as broad, smooth, convex, impunctate, light piceous purple; elytra plicate, orange, with three basal spots, a common scutellar, and a humeral, and two trans- verse bands, one before and the other behind the middle dark piceous purple, and the lateral and sutural margins lighter purple, beneath and tibie and tarsi light piceous purple, femora flavous. Length, 6 mm. Two examples, olive-green label (Pachitea), Peru. Antenne three-fourths the length of the body, fuscous, lighter at the base, joint 9g white (10-11 missing), joints 2 and 3 almost equal in length, 4 much longer than the two preceding, the thorax in certain angles shows obsolete depressions where the usual fovez are, sides very lightly sinuate ; elytra moderately dilated to the rear, strongly plicate, thickly and strongly punctured ; neither of the transverse fasciz attain either the margin or suture, the anterior one, however, joins the humeral patch at the side, the sutural purple begins just behind the scutellar spot, the general colour beneath is light piceous-purplish with flavous femora. The purple colour- ing is probably much brighter in fresh specimens ; seems to belong near S-pustulata Baly. D. argo, nov. sp. Head black, antennx black, base of the first and joints 8, 9, ro and extreme base of tr pale, thorax yellow, smooth, transverse, depressed, obsoletely trifoveate, scutel black; elytra nearly parallel, not plicate, punctured, yellow, a basal band and a curved fascia behind the middle, cyaneous, ¢ witha tubercle near the suture in the curved fascia, body below yellow, pectus black, legs yellow, tibie and tarsi black. Length, 6% mm. One ¢g, Cali, Columbia, ix, xii, 94 (W. Rosenberg). One g, 2 9’s, Pischindé, Columbia (Rosenberg). The antennz are about three-fourths the length of the body, joint 2 short, 3 nearly twice as long, 4 longer than both preceding united ( 7), in the 2 joint 3 is relatively a little longer ; the thorax is much broader than long, sinuate at tne sides behind, impunctate, shining, broadly depressed ; the scutel is polished convex ; the punctuation of the elytra is obsolete at the rear, but coarse and confluent anteriorly, the anterior cyaneous band occupies about quarter of the length, and except fur the extreme iaflexed edge of the elytra is entire, the rear fascia is about half the width of the 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. anterior band and convex anteriorly, the ¢ tubercle is on the forward edge. This species is, so far as I am aware, the only one in §t where the ¢ has a sutural tubercle. It is of course nearly allied to those forms in the Baly-Gahan paper covering §2 “C.” D. songoensis, nov. sp. Head black, antennz, thorax, scutel and legs flavous, thorax bifoveate, elytra plicate, strongly punctate, pale flavous, with three basal spots, one common, wedge-shaped sutural, the other oblong humeral, and an oblique patch on the convexity behind the middle, and equidistant from the margin and suture, all vivid cyaneous biue. Length, 5 mm. One example, Songo, Bolivia. The mouth-parts are yellow, frontal fovea very large and round, antennz longer than half the body, joints 2-3 short, the latter one-half longer than the former, 4 equal to the two preceding ; thorax about as long as broad, sides moderately sinuate, surface smooth, deeply bifoveate and depressed at rear; the elytra are slightly dilated behind, and the punctuation, especially forward, is comparatively coarse, the plica- tion is not strong, and the suture is slightly depressed behind the scutel, the humeral blue marks are truncate at the rear. Comes near 5-maculata Fabr. D, klagit, wov. sp. Head piceous brown, antennz fuscous, prasinous at the base, thorax prasinous, convex, shining, impunctate, scutel flavous, elytra flavous, plicate, lateral edge prasinous, a common elongate sutural, a humeral, a median discal and a large apical blotch, chocolate-brown ; body beneath and legs flavous, with the under part of the thorax, the antepectus and femora prasinous. Length, 6 mm. One example (2), St. Catharine, Brazil (Klages). This species has superficially the appearance of zz-punctata Jac. The antenne are a little more than half the length of the body, joints 2-3 short and of equal length, the third obconic and stout after the manner of the forms near s/muZata Baly, fourth joint shghtly longer than the two preceding (or the longest of all) ; the joints q—ro are somewhat thickened and dilated so they appear stout, the thorax is very sinuate behind; the plication of the elytra is strong and about two or three sulcations indicated between it and the suture, the depression behind the scutel is narrow but weil marked, and the punctuation is fine and even. I place it next 1r-punctata Jac., from which it is at once separated by the smooth thorax and incrassate antennee. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 4? | D. septemplagtata nov. sp. Head prasinous, with black labrum and piceous vertex, the fovea on top, very large and well marked ; antenne black, prasinous at base, tenth joint white; thorax prasinous, convex, shining, sparsely but distinctly punctured, and with three obsolete foveze, scutel black ; elytra prasinous, plicate, punctured, the disk longitudinally, obsoletely yellow from the base to néar the apex, two spots at the base of each elytron, one common wedge-shaped sutural, the other small humeral; also two small round discal spots, one about the middle and the other directly behind on the convexity, all black; body below and legs yellow prasinous, tibiz and tarsi black. Length, 7 mm. One ¢ example, S. Catharine (Liiderwoldt). Antenne filiform, about three-quarters the iength of the body, joint 2 short, 3 a trifle longer, 4 longer than both together, 9-10 white, base of Ir more or less white ; the sides of the thorax are much rounded in front of the middle and nearly straight behind; the elytra are moderately dilated behind, shiny, thickly and strongly punctured, even a little con- fluently, along the suture forward ; the depression back of the scutel is distinct but not noticeably great ; the four round black spots on the disk, two on each side, are placed on a yellowish-green ground, so as to form the corners of a square, ::, and are the most noticeable thing about the species. D. delrio, nov. sp. Head prasinous, with piceous labrum and mouth, and black eyes ; antennz fuscous, prasinous at base; thorax prasinous, convex, shiny, impunctate, scutel piceous ; elytra prasinous, plicate, with three flavous spots, the first basal, median, elongate, a trifle more than one-third the elytral length, the second submedian, transverse, slightly oblique, and a little nearer the suture than the mirgin, the third apical, round, equidistant from the suture and margin ; below and legs flavous, with the thorax prasinous and tibia tinctured with prasinous. Length, 5 mm. One ¢ (?), Rio de Janeiro. Antenne about three-fourths length of body, joint 2 short, 3 scarcely one-half longer, 4 longer than the two preceding, thorax a trifle broader than longer, very slightly sinuate, elytra barely dilated behind, with one or two sulcations indicated on the disk of the elytra, punctuation fine and rather sparse. Among the green species this will come near se/ecta Jac. and g/aucina Baly, but these, however, have the basal yellow spot humeral, here it is strictly median, and does not encroach on the humeral knob. 58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. D. rosenbergt, nov. sp. Head dark piceous, antennz nearly as long as body, fuscous, with three upper joints flavous, thorax dark olivaceous, rather opaque, bifoveate, scutel piceous, elytra castaneous, with prasinous suture and margin, vanishing before the apex, and one or more cross bands of the same, indicated before and behind the middle; body beneath flavous, with piceous breast, legs with prasinous femora, and piceous tibiz and tarsi. Length, 6-7 mm. Three examples, two 9’s, one g, R. Dagua, Columbia, Rosenberg. This comes near 6-maculata Baly, and also curvipustulata Baly, but differs in colour of the head, and the last ¢Aree joints of the antenne being pale, the elytra also are not spotted but wholly suffused, though I assume a larger series might show distinct spots. My ¢ has the antenne nearly as long as the body, joints 2-3 short and equal, the latter, however, more obconic in shape, 4 nearly twice as long as_ both preceding, and easily the longest joint of all, three upper joints pale flavous, the extreme tip of the last piceous, the thorax and elytra are entirely castaneous (faded ?) with a touch of piceous on the suture, the shoulders, and in the disk before and behind the middle ; the punctuation of the elytra is thick and moderately coarse, and there are several indistinct sulcations on the disk. D. rufopustulata, nov. sp. Head prasinous, mouth piceous, antenne prasinous, becoming fuscous at middle and end, thorax shining prasinous, deeply bifoveate, scute] piceous, elytra prasinous, almost parallel, depressed, strongly plicate,. and punctured, each side with a bright rufous, round spot on the disk in front of the middle, and rather distant from the suture, also an indistinct rufous spot near the apex on the convexity, legs prasinous, tarsiand apex of tibia piceous, abdomen yellow, pectus black. Length, 414 mm. One (9?) example, La Paz (Bolivia?), green label. Antenne about half length of body, joints 2-3 short and equal, 4 equal the two preceding, basal joint prasinous, then the colour gradually grades up to the eleventh joint, which is dark fuscous and the darkest of all, thorax is rather longer than broad, and nearly parallel, and the fovea large and deep, elytra rather dull, with the thick punctuation, flat, also depressed along the suture, the plication below the shoulder very strong and deep. The noticeable thing about the species is the rufous anterior spot, which is easily visible, and at once distinguishes this species. (To be continued.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 59 TWO NEW GENERA AND SEVEN NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY APHIDID/. BY H. F. WILSON, OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. Amphorophora howardit, n. sp. This species is dedicated to Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, who has in the past two years extended me many favours whereby I have been able to carry on my aphid studies with much benefit to myself. Alate viviparous female.—General colour light brown; antenne, head, thorax and legs black. Abdomen light brown, robust, and with a row of dusky transverse dorsally placed spots. Wings long, broad, and with the cubitus twice forked. Nectaries about one-fourth the length of the body, vasiform. Cauda ensiform, one-half the length of the nectaries ; anal plate rounded ; tip of abdomen and cauda with short bristles. Antenne with six segments and placed on prominent antennal tuber- cles. Spur of sixth longer than the third segment, and about five times as long as the sixth. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.9 mm.; width, 9 mm.; length of antenne by segments, I,.10 mm.; II, .o5 mm.; III, .45 mm.; IV, .3 mm.; V, .33 mm.; VI, .15 mm.; spur of sixth, .7 mm.; total length, 2.98 mm.; length of wing, 3 mm.; total expanse, 6.5 mm.; nectaries, .41 mm.; cauda, .23 mm. Apterous viviparous female.-—General colour light brown, antennz slightly longer than the body, and placed on more or less prominent tubercles ; colour darker brown. Abdomen robust, each side with seven or eight dorsally placed black spots. Nectaries about one-fourth the length of the body and strongly vasiform ; cauda ensiform. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.75 mm.; width, .85 mm. Length of antennze by segments, I, .1o mm.; II, .o5 mm.; III, .4 mm.; IV, .29 mm.; V,.32 mm.; VI. .12 mm.; spur of sixth segment, .68 mm.; nectaries, .46 mm.; cauda, .22 mm. This species was fairly abundant throughout the summer on the heads of Panicularia nervata among streams and in swampy ground about Batesburg, S. C. Aphis sasscert, 0. Sp. This species was sent to me by Mr. E. R. Sasscer, from Miami, Fla., where he collected it in the Subtropical Gardens from Avnona rectilinata. Specimens were sent to me alive, and received June 2, 1gtTo. February, 1911 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Alate viviparous female.—General colour orange-yellow, antenne, thorax, distal ends of tibiz, nectaries and tip of cauda dusky ; wings hyaline. Antenne with six segments, shorter than the body and not placed on antennal tubercles. Spur of sixth segment longer than any one segment, and about three times as long asthe sixth; 5 slightly shorter than 4, and 3 and 4 about equal in length ; third segment with four to six large round sensoria, fifth with one large sensorium near the distal end ; first segment slightly gibbous at the upper inner angle. Head broad and nearly flat, slightly elevated at the inner base of each antenne. Wings long and broad, veins hyaline. Abdomen robust, nectaries tapering and bent out- ward at the tip. Cauda two-thirds the length of the nectaries and knobbed at the end. Anal plate broadly rounded, tip of cauda and anal plate with a number of prominent hair-like bristles. Abdomen with a row of three black spots on each side, and also with a number of dentate tubercles in a line along each side. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.05 mm.; width, 0.45 mm.; antennal segments, I, o.05.mm,; II; .o4 mm:; II], .17 mm.; 1V, .14 nme mm.; VI, .o8 mm.; spur, .26 mm.; total length,.87mm. Length of wing, 1.5 mm.; width, .56 mm.; total expansion, 3.82 mm. Length of nectaries, .12 mm.; length of cauda, .o6 mm. Apterous viviparous female. — General colour greenish-brown; antenne, tarsi, tips of tibiae, and nectaries dusky. Antenne six-segmented, nearly as long as the body and not on antennal tubercles. Antennal seg- ments compare as in alate form. Body short and stout, nectaries tapering and curved outward. Cauda broad, short and pointed. Abdomen with a row of five or six dentate tubercles along each side. Measurements.— Length of body, 1 mm.; width, .56 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o5 mm.; Il, .o4 mm.; II],.22 mm.; 1V,.142mm; V,.14mm.; VI, .og mm.; spur, .22 mm.; total length, .g mm.; nectaries, 10 mm.; cauda, .66 mm. Aphia minuta, 0. sp. Collected on Aero potato, Bureau of Plant Introduction greenhouses at Washington, D. C. The plant belongs to the morning-glory family. Alate viviparous female.—General colour yellowish-green, antenne, tarsi, tips of femora and tibie, and nectaries dusky. Antennz with six segments, not set on antennal tubercles, and as long as the body. Third segment the longest, but the spur of the sixth is longer than the third and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 fourth segments together, and about five times as long as the sixth; fourth shorter than the fifth ; third with two to five large round sensoria. Nec- taries thick, about as long as the tarsi and tapering. Cauda large and slightly longer than the nectaries. Measurements.—Length of body, 0.47 mm.; width, 0.18 mm. Length of antenne by segments, I, .o26 mm.; II, .o26 mm.; III, .og mm.; IV .52mm.; V,.06 mm.; VI, .o5 mm.; spur, .19 mm.; length of wing, .97 r] mm.; total expanse, 2.1 mm.; length of nectaries, .o8 mm.; cauda, .o6 mm. Apterous viviparous female.—General colour yellowish-green, tips of antenne, tarsi and nectaries dusky. Body oboval and almost as broad as long. Antenne as long as the body, with six segments and not placed on antennal tubercles ; third segment the longest, but spur of sixth as long as the third and fourth together. Fifth segment with one large sensorium near the distal end. Nectaries twice as long as the tarsi, thick and tapering. Cauda two-thirds as long as the nectaries, broad and with a semi-knobbed tip. Anal plate very short and broadly rounded. Cauda and plate with few long hair-like bristles. Measurements.—Length of body, .59 mm.; width, .47 mm. Length Ofantennal segments, I> 03-mm.; 11, -o26 mm.;>HI,.. 11. mimi; &Ve oto mm; Vv, .06.mm.; VI’ 052 .mm:; spur.) no. mm; nectaries;-..03 “mm; cauda, .o6 mm. Carolinata, n. gen. This genus is closely related to Cerosipha in that the alate forms have six segments in the antenne, while the apterous forms have but five. Antenne shorter than the body, and not placed on antennal tubercles. Venation of fore wing regular, hind wings with but a single cross-vein. Nectaries about one-fifth the length of the body, and swollen in the middle. Cauda one-fourth the length of the nectaries and tapering. Carolinaia caricis, n. sp. Alate viviparous female.—General colour greenish-yellow, head and thorax black, antennz, legs and nectaries dusky yellow. Antennz shorter than the body, six-segmented and not on antennal tubercles. Sixth antennal segment slightly shorter than the spur, and about half as long as the third segment. Third with seven to eight round slightly raised sensoria. Wings long and slender, fore wing with regular venation, hind wing with but a single cross-vein. Nectaries one-fifth the length of the body and swollen in the middle. Cauda very short and tapering. 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.55 mm.; width,.67 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o45 mm.; II, .c66 mm.; III, .3 mm.; IV, .13 mm.; V,.12 mm.; VI, .13 mm.; spur,.22 mm.. Length of wing, 1.86 mm.; total wing expansion, 4.17 mm.; length of nectaries, .59 mm.; cauda, .og mm. Apterous viviparous female.—General colour greenish-yellow, tinged with brown. Body quite flat, slightly rounded above, cauda slightly darkened at the tip. Antenne less than one-half the length of the body, and with but five segments, spur of the fifth slightly longer than the seg- ment. Nectaries one-fourth the length of the body, and swollen in the middle. Cauda short and triangular. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.55 mm.; width, 1 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .045 mm.; II, .o45 mm.; III, .18 mm.; IV, .066 mm.; V, .c66 mm.; spur, .135 mm.; length of nectaries, .58 mm.; cauda, .og mm. Specimens collected on seed pack of Carex sp.; quite numerous in swamps, with two to ten specimens on a plant. Batesburg,S. C., summer of 1910. Lergandeida nigra, N. sp. Alate viviparous female.—General colour grayish-black, antenne, except segments one and two, and tibia and tarsi yellowish. Wings hyaline, veins dusky. Antenne shorter than the body, six-segmented and not on antennal tubercles. Segments three to six and spur slender, one and two stout. Spur of sixth segment longer than third segment, third with four to seven large round sensoria more or less regularly placed. Head with a prominent frontal ocellus and raised at the inner base of each antenne. Prothorax with a single dentate projection on each side. Abdomen also with a single protuberance on each side close to those of the thorax. Wings long and robust, with the second fork of the median vein running close to the edge of the wing. Abdomen robust, and witha number of protuberances on each side. Nectaries twice as long as broad and tapering. Caudal plate broad and tapering. . Measurements.—Length of body, .89 mm.; width, .39 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o39 mm.; If, .o39 mm.; ID) 15> mm; 1V on mm.; V,:co mm.; VI, .065 mm.} spur,-.26 mm; nmectaries,-,065 «mime cauda, .o7 mm. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 63 Apterous viviparous female.—General colour grayish-black, segments three to six of antenne, tibia and tarsi yellowish. Antenne shorter than the body and without antennal tubercles. The lateral projections of the body are very distinct, there being three sets of large and three sets of small protuberances, the first set placed just behind the eyes, the second midway on the abdomen, and a third large pair between the base of the nectaries and the cauda. Nectaries about twice as long as wide and tapering ; cauda short and thick. Measurements.—Length of body, .79 mm.; width, .49 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o4 mm.; II, .o3 mm.; III, .12 mm.; IV,.o8 mm.; V, .og mm.; VI, .o65 mm.; spur, .235 mm.; length of nectaries, .o5 mm.; cauda, .o8 mm. Collected from Cyri/la racemiflora at Batesburg, S. C., during the summer of IgTo. Anecia Enothere, n. sp. Alate viviparous female.—General colour yellowish-green, antenne, head, thorax and legs dusky to black. Antenne about one-third the length of the body, with six segments, the sixth bearing a short thumb-like spur. Antennal tubercles wanting. Spur of sixth segment about one-fourth the length of the segment, the segment being slightly longer than five, and about one-half as long as three. Five slightly longer than four, and four not much longer than one or two. Third segment with three or four widely-separated sensoria, which are not as prominent as those in other species of Anecia. Fourth with one or two near the distal end. Fifth with one large sensorium near the distal end and sixth with one large and several small sensoria at the base of the spur. Head broadly rounded, body short and robust, wings short and broad. Wing-veins not heavy, fore wing with two oblique veins and cubitus once forked. Abdomen yellowish, with five dorsal stripes distally placed, and a row of six or seven black spots, one each side. Nectaries are but flanged edges on a slightly raised base. Cauda broadly rounded and broader than long. Anal plate broadly rounded and merged into the abdomen. Antenne, legs, cauda and tip of abdomen with numerous fine hairs. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.66 mm.; width,.76 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o4 mm.; II, .o5 mm.; III, .18 mm.; IV, .065 mm.; V, .og mm.; VI, .o78 mm.; spur, .o3 mm.; length of wing, 1.89 mm.; total expansion, 4.0 mm.; length of nectaries, .o4 mm.; cauda, .15 mm. 64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Apterous viviparous female-—General colour yellow, tips of the antenne, tibia and tarsi dusky. Antennz six-segmented and not on antennal tubercles. Spur of sixth segment one-third as long as segment, fifth and sixth equal ; four shorter than five, and third as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth together ; eyes undeveloped, nectaries as in alate form. Cauda and end of abdomen a little more pointed. Abdomen with three or four dorsal stripes. Antenne, legs and body with numerous fine hairs. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.68 mm.; width, 1.09 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o5 mm.; II, .o5 mm.; III, .18 mm; IV, .o52 mm.; V,.065 mm.; VI, .o65 mm.; spur, .o3 mm.; length of nectaries, .o4 mm.; cauda, .19 mm. This species was very abundant in the cotton fields on the roots of Cnothera sp..up to the time that the migration commenced, about the first of May. After the last of May very few specimens were to be found. A search was made for the summer host-plant, but without success. The first winged specimens were taken May 2, Igto. Georgia, n. gen. This genus is probably closely related to both Schizoneura and Pemphigus, and may prove to be the dividing genus. The wings are veined, as are those of the species which belong in Schzzoneura, while the antenne are similar to those species belonging in the Pemphigus group. The stem mother has five segmented antenne, with a very short spur. Antennee of the alate females with six segments and a short spur, segments three to five being more or less corrugated on the outer side, the corruga- tions being rudimentary sensoria. Front pair of wings with the cubital vein once forked. Hind wing with but a single oblique vein, which is sometimes forked about a third of the way from its base. Georgia ulmi, Nn. sp. Apterous stem mother.—General colour reddish-brown ; head short and dished, body oboval in shape. Antennz short and with five seg- ments, the spur of the fifth being very short ; third longer than the fourth, fifth and spur; eyes small and apparently simple. Nectaries are but pores, cauda very short and broadly rounded. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.5 mm.; width, 1.17 mm. Length of antennal segments, I, .o4 mm.; II, .056 mm.; III, .15 mm.; IV, .o7 mm.; V,.042 mm.; spur, .o21 mm. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 65 Alate viviparous female.—General colour reddish-brown, head and thorax black, the third segment of the antennz and the femur of each leg dusky. the remaining segments of the antenne and the other parts of the legs are greenish-yellow. Antenne about one-third the length of the body and not on antennal tubercles. Spur very short. Third segment as long as the fourth, fifth and sixth together, and with nine to ten transverse rudimentary sensoria or elevations along the outer side. J ourth with four to six, and the fifth with three to five toward the distal end. Forehead slightly dished, body elongate, wings hyaline, with veins slender and dusky. Fore wing with venation as in Schizoneura, hind wing with one oblique vein, which is sometimes forked. Nectaries are but pores, with a slightly thickened edge. Cauda triangular and short. Body with a row of sma!l pores along each side of the abdomen, about six in number. Measurements.—Length of body, 1.85 mm.; width, .94 mm.; length of wing. 2.4 mm.; width, 1.88 mm.; total expansion, 4.6 mm.; antennal segments, I, .o56 mm.; II, .o56 mm.; ILI, .33 mm.; IV, .11 mm.; V, .084 mm.; VI, .o7 mm.; spur, .o14 mm. The pseudo-gall formed by this species is made on one edge of the leaf, and is spindle-shaped in form, being about one-fourth of an inch in diameter, and from one to two inches in length. When first formed the leaves turn yellow, and then red, after which they drop off. Collected at Batesburg, S. C., spring of rgto. The second generation is winged, and migrate from elm during the early summer. FHECLA CHRYSALUS, EDWARDS, AND ITS VARIETY CITIMA, HENRY EDWARDS. BY WM. PHILLIPS COMSTOCK, NEWARK, N. J. On pages 374 and 375 of the November issue of the CANADIAN Entomotocist, Mr. Karl R. Coolidge says: “I can see no need of retaining c7tzma Hy. Edwards in our catalogues as a variety of chrysalus, since it is only an individual variant.” Having in my collection a very fine series of Zhecla chrysalus, I feel called upon to answer this remark. From a variation series of ten males and ten females which were selected from more than twice this number of specimens, I feel confident that citima may be held as a good varietal name for a geographical form of Thecla chrysalus. In many specimens the orange markings of the upper side are completely wanting, and the ground colour of the under February, 1911 66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. side is of decidedly lighter tone, which is in accordance with the original description of cztima (Papilio I, 53), and with the type specimens in the Henry Edwards collection, with which I am familiar. My observations of this insect lead me to believe that in the south (New Mexico and Arizona) type chrysa/us is found predominant with the rich orange markings, while in the north (Utah), whence I have a good series of specimens, the orange markings are aborted and in many speci- mens entirely wanting. I think the form designated as citima as worthy of a varietal name as many other colour varieties of the butterflies. In the Colorado specimens it is, moreover, not unusual to find the black patch midway of the wing on the costa entirely wanting, and also the black scales along the costa reduced to a very fine band, thus leaving the entire dise of the primaries purple. Another interesting variation is a tendency in some female specimens to have yellow spots replacing the orange found in the type chrysalus. “A DECISION ON MEIGEN’S 1800 PAPER.” BY D. W. COQUILLETT, WASHINGTON, D. C. In concluding the article under the above heading, which appeared in the January number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, the statement is made that “the Commission did not only not decide against my conten- tion,” (2. ¢., that the Meigen names of 1800 are nomina nuda), “but that the Secretary expressly says that the essential feature of the case does not lie within the jurisdiction of the Commission.” This is an extraordinary deduction, in view of the fact that in the portion of the decision quoted it is stated that ‘the Commission is of the ppinion that the generic names in Meigen’s Nouvelle Classification, 1800, must take precedence over those in his Versuch, 1803, in every case where the former are valid under the International Code.” Thus the names of 1800 are placed on the same footing as those of 1803, otherwise they could not take precedence over the latter. The status of the names of 1803 has never been questioned. It must be borne in mind that the Commission applies the term valid only to the oldest available names of the various genera, not to synonyms or homonyms. In view of this fact, the statement of Dr. Stiles, that the question of the va/idity of the names rests with the specialist, becomes perfectly plain. None but a specialist could unravel the synonymy in a given group. February, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 THE LITHOBIOMORPHA OF COLORADO. RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY, PROVO, UTAH. The records given in the present paper are based upon a study of collections made by Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, chiefly in Boulder Co., and by the author during brief periods spent near Glenwood Springs (1904) and at Colorado Springs and Manitou (1910). The list is necessarily but partial, and when collecting for Myriapoda has been done in other sections the number of species will undoubtedly be considerably increased. Family Henicopide. In addition to the Lamyctes listed below, another member of the family will in all probability be found at upper elevations in the Colorado Mts. This is Zygethobtus dolichopus Chamb., which has been found by the author in the Uintah Mts., as well as in the Wahsatch and Sierra Nevada Ranges. It may readily be distinguished from the Lamyctes by its larger size, by having the posterior angles of the ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates produced, whereas they are straight in the Lamyctes, and by having the tarsi all biarticulate instead of those of the first thirteen pairs being undivided. Lamyctes fulvicornis Meinett. Two specimens, agreeing fully with some from Wisconsin, IIl., etc., were taken by the author at Colorada Springs (Aug., 1g1o). Family Lithobide. But one genus of this family is represented by the species thus far found within the State, namely, Lithobius. None of the species conforms to Monotarsobius, which Verhoeff would separate from Lithobius. Probably Vothropolys will be found in the western or north-western parts of the State, where 2. dipunctatus and possibly also BL. permunda or an allied species may be expected. The following key will aid in showing the relations between species thus far known from the region. 7 Key to Species of Lithobius. a. Angles of the 7th, gth, 11th and 13th dorsal plates produced. Articles of antennz 30-40 ; prosternal DES EMS GSUsrek UEP oo A ace eae rp eee a ae L. mordax Koch. aa. Angles of the gth, r1th and 13th dorsal piates produced. b. Claw of anal legs armed with a single spine or accessory claw at base. February, 1911 68 ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. c. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. Spines of penult legs 1, 3, 3, 2; of firstlegs 1, 1, 1; claw of female gonopods entire .....Z. edipes Bollman. cc. Claw of penult legs armed with a single spine. Spines of penult legs 1, 3,:3, 15-Of first; 1, 3, 7 ; clawvon gonopods of female tripartite. 0.00. 5.63 sac Yo Le Ware rege Nee mea ae bb. Claw of anal legs unarmed. Coxal pores transverse ; articles of antennz 33 to 43 or more ; ocelli 20 to'50. eels. se een LW OF Le eee aaa. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. b. Claw of the anal legs unarmed. Spines‘of first legs 2, 3,,1—2, 3. 2.3. Of anal. 1, 3502, 13 Glaweon female gonopods entire.......... ..Z. gowensts: Memens bb. Claw of anal legs armed with one spine at base. c. Articles of antennz 25-32. Spines of first legs'o, 1; 15 of penult legs 1,53, 3) 0am anal 153,51 js0-=, (gate Posie ae L. tivius Chamberlin. cc, Articles of antenne normally 20-21. (Spines of penult_ legs, 1,-35,35-2-) d. Spines of anal legs 1, 3, 2, 0; penult legs armed with one spine at base ; spines of first legs 1, 3, 13; claw of female gonopods tripartite ; length, 12-16 mm..... L. dopaintus, sp. nov. dd. Spines of anal legs 1, 3, 2, 0; claw of penult legs with two spines ; spines of rst legs 1, 1, 1-1, 2, 1; claw of female gonopods mostly bipar- tite ; length, 7-8 mm....Z. coloradensis Ckll. Lithobius mordax Koch. A single male appearing to be this species has been examined from the State. It had lost the posterior pairs of legs. The species abounds in the States to the south-east. Boulder Co. (Cockerell). Lithobius edipes Bollman. A number of specimens, both males and females, were taken by the author at Manitou (1gto). The species was known previously only from the type specimens which were from Arkansas. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 Lithobius harriete Chamberlin. Described originally from specimens collected some miles east of Glenwood Springs (author, 1904). Several specimens of the species have also been received from Prof. Cockerell, who secured them in Boulder Co. Lithobius forficatus (Linneus). Numerous specimens were obtained by the author at Colorado Springs (rgro). The species will doubtless be found common in and about towns along the western sides of the mountains, and especially northward. ‘This is the most abundant North American member of the genus, occurring throughout the northern sections, but not ranging into the southern States. Lithobius dopaintus, sp. nov. None of the dorsal plates with posterior angles produced. Articles of antenne 20. Ocelli about 15, arranged in feur series: 1+ej65, 3, 3. The ocelli of the most dorsal series distinctly ]arger than the others. Prosternal teeth 2+ 2. Last two pairs of coxe laterally armed, the last three pairs dorsally armed. Spines of the first legs 1, 3, 1; of the penult 1, 3, 3, 2, the claw armed with a single spine ; of the anal 1, 3, 3, 1, the claw armed likewise with a single spine. ~ Coxal pores round, 4, 6, 5. 5. Claw of the gonopods of the female tripartite ; basal spines 2+ 2, apically bi- or tridentate. Length, 12-16 mm. Locality, Manitou (author, 1910). About a dozen specimens were secured. Apparently most closely related to Z. socius Chamb. of Utah. Lithobitus tivius Chamberlin. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Articles of anteanz 25-32, but mostly 28 and 30. Ocelli mostly 8 or g, arranged in two series, which form a narrowly elongate patch: 1+4, 3-1+5, 3. Prosternal teeth 2 +4 2. None of the posterior coxee armed either laterally or dorsally. Spines of the first legs o, 1, 1; of penult 1, 3, 3, 1, the claw armed with one spine; of anal 1, 3, 1, o (mostly) —1, 3, 2, 0 (rarely 1, 3, 0, 0), the claw armed with one spine. 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Coxal pores round, 3, 4, 4, 3. Claw of the gonopods of the female tripartite, one lateral lobe commonly small, and sometimes almost obliterated, leaving the claw bipartite. Basal spines 2 + 2. Length, ad 8 mm. Locality, Manitou (author, 1910). Numerous specimens, agreeing mostly with the description above, were secured. ‘These bring the species still closer to Z. exiguus Meinert, from which, however, all the western specimens examined seem to present constant differences. Lithobius coloradensis Cockerell. Syn. Lithobius kochii Stuxberg, Bollman, 1888, Proc. U. S. N. M. Lithobius kochii, var. coloradensis Cockerell, 1893, Tr. A. Ent. Soc. Lithobius kochii Stuxburg, Chamberlin, rgog. (in part), Ann. Ent. Soc. America. Reported from West Cliff (Cockerell, collector) by Bollman. Several specimens in bad shape, in having lost the last pairs of legs, but seeming to be this species, were secured by Prof. Cockerell in Boulder Co. and sent to the author. The specimens seen, upon careful study are found not to be identical with the California form. Lithobius jowensis Meinett. Syn. L. bilabiatus Bollman (nec Wood), 1887, Proc. U. 5S. N. M, L. bruneri Kenyon, 1893, CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. No dorsal plates with angles produced. Antenne with 20-25 articles, the number of articles of the left antenna exceeding those of the right in the Colorado specimens examined. Ocelli about 14, in 4 series : 1+ 4, 4, 3, 2. Prosternal teeth 2 + 3-3 + 3. Last three pairs of coxe dorsally armed; last two pairs laterally armed. Spines‘of 1st legs 2, 3, 1-2, 3.2) of penult. 1, 3,03, 29 the wen armed with two spines ; of anal 1, 3, 2, 1, the claw unarmed. Coxal pores round, 3, 4, 4, 3. Gonopods in female with the claw entire ; basal spines conical, 2 + 2. Length, 11-15 mm. Locality, Manitou (author, 1910). Several specimens agreeing essentially with the description above were secured. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 71 SUBSCRIBERS to the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are reminded that the annual dues of one dollar were payable last month. Remittances should be made by post office or express orders, and should not be made payable to the Editor, but to THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH, ONT. BOOK NOTICE. THE DETERMINATION OF DOMINANCE AND THE MODIFICATION OF Bkr- HAVIOUR IN ALTERNATE (MENDELIAN) INHERITANCE, by conditions surrounding or incident upon the Germcells at Fertilization. By Wm, L. Tower (Biol. Bulletin, Vol. XVIII, No. 6, rgro). Prof. Tower has been engaged in an evolutionary study of the genus Leptinotarsa since 1895. In 1906* he published extensive data concern- ing this group from a number of points of view. The most interesting part of the results made known at that time was the production of new forms by exposing the beetles to extreme conditions of temperature and moisture during the period of the growth and maturation of the germ cells. The new forms were bred under normal conditions, and bred true in every case. All of the new forms (or nearly so) occur under natural conditions, either as distinct species or as extreme variants (sports). The new forms were obtained in varying proportions. In the best experiment all of the progeny (those that reached the adult stage) were of the new type. In the present article Prof. Tower has given the results of a series of experiments to determine the effect (as shown in succeeding generations) of external conditions on hybridization. Here, also, extreme conditions of temperature and moisture were the factors. The contrasted characters in the beetles crossed were such as gave under certain conditions (normal ?) typical Mendelian proportions in the second generation after crossing. In crosses between ZL. signatico//is and ZL. diversa the results varied, depending upon the conditions during mating, from one in which the offspring of the first generation were all true hybrids, as shown by a splitting into three groups in the second generation, to one in which ail the offspring of the first and succeeding generations were entirely like the femaie signatico//is parent. In crosses between ZL. undecimlineata and L. signaticollis the results were similar, but more complicated, owing to there being three pairs of contrasted characters instead of a single pair. *W. L. Tower, Evolution in Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa. Carnegie Institution, Publication No. 48. ~l Wo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, These results, as published, are marred by contradictory statements . in reference to one of the experiments. Briefly, the result of the second part of Exper. No. H 409/411 should be, and is stated to be, the same as the result of Exper. No. H 410, but the result described on p. 295 and figured in Plate III is anything but that of H41o! The article being a preliminary one, many of the details are very meagre. This is especially the case with regard to the duration of the peculiar conditions and with regard to the conditions (normal?) under which the subsequent generations were bred. The title of the article calls for peculiar (varying) conditions at fertilization. In most cases the author states that the species were crossed or mated under the conditions, but in one case he states that the eggs developed under the conditions. ‘This permits of the results being in part purely ontogenetic. Some of the results appear to indicate this. However, the interaction between the two germ plasms might be assumed to continue throughout the ontogeny. In that case a longer duration of the stimuli would be advisable. In the previous experiments the different kinds of progeny were iso- lated and bred separately (Experiments in Analysis). In another series of experiments the species were permitted to hybridize freely under diverse natural conditions, and these are called Experiments in Synthesis. Crossing between ZL. undecimlineata and L. signaticollis at Cuernavaca resulted finally in the complete disappearance of the former species. The same cross at Paraiso resulted in the disappearance of Z. signaticollts. In experiments with Z. decemlineata, L. oblongata and L. multiteniata, conducted at four different places, a single type, which bred true, was obtained in each case, but of the types obtained no two were alike. The type at Balsas was a complex of the three species used. ‘The type at Escamela was an intermediate between ZL. decemlineata and L. oblongata. The type at Tucson was a variable one, with the characters of decemdineata dominant. The type at Chicago appeared to be pure decem/ineata. Subse- quent cultures of these types (with the exception of the last) gave sporadic variants (2-37), which were reappearances of ‘characters or combina- tions thereof that went into the cross.” Tower compares these with De Vries’ Znothera mutants, and states that they behave in a similar fashion. The author maintains that the variable outcome of these crossings under natural conditions is the result, not of any process of natural selection, but of some process of hybridization, which is influenced by the external con- ditions. He states that this view is fully borne out by experiments in which the selective factor was eliminated.—|A. G. Hunrsman, Biological Dept., University of Toronto. Mailed February roth, 1911. Che Ganadian Bautomolagist VoL. XIII. LONDON, MARCH, rogrt. No. 3 GEOMETRID NOTES ON THE GENUS HYDRIOMENA, HUB. BY L. W. SWETT, BOSTON, MASS. As I was unable to identify material in this group, and realizing that the species were badly mixed, I decided to try to straighten them out. First, I was puzzled by the markings, I could find little constancy and every style of variation ; secondly, in similarly marked species every variety of colour occurred, which made the specimens so different looking that I did not dare call them the same. Starting with the first species of Hydriomena in Dyar’s List, namely, Zydriomena sordidata Fab., | was struck with the variability of colouring and markings, and realized that I must depend on something more constant than markings to separate such an unwieldy mass of specimens. The genitalia, an important character, I was unable to study much, as most of the material at my disposal was loaned, so that I could not proceed very far, but I noticed that the palpi of certain species seemed to be of approximately the same relative length, «liowing for variation in size of specimens. ‘This set me on the right path, as I found that by grouping certain species with palpi of the same length [ could follow the variations in colour, and that there seemed to be a regular colour scheme in variable species, so that by knowing the colour of the type specimen I could predict the variations to a certa‘n extent that ought to occur under the species. The colour scheme suggested itself to me from a French author’s work on another group, and I found I cou'd apply it here. Mydriomena sordidata Fab., or more properly furcat sz Thunbers,--Dissu.Ins, suce 5“ 4,%:Dee. str, 21784,-has' “priority over sordidata Fab., Ent. Syst., III, pt. 2, p. 185, 1794, which my kind friend, Mr. Louis Prout, first points out in the Entomologists’ Record (london), Vol. 9, p. 84-87, April, 1897. Aydriomena sordidata Fab. does not become a synonym, as it is a green variety of furcafa Vhunb., and should be listed so. An excellent figure of furcata is given, tab. 3, No. 10, and it is strange that the older authors did not recognize tais. The colour scheme of /7ydriomena furcata \hunb. is as follows, and applies to the other variable species : 1, cinereous or gray ; 2, greenish; 3, reddish ; 4, yellowish ; s, suffused ; 6, mesial space white. 74 THE CANADIAN KNTOMOLOGIST. All these colours may cccur with or without the dark bands, o1 there may be combinations. ‘The first five colours seem to be most commonly met with, the white-banded form being the rarest. Now, according to my theory, we should find all the above variations of colour with palpi of approximately the same length, which we do find ; and this enabled me first to see my way clear through the variations. Food-plants, I feel sure, play an important part in the colour variation, as does altitude; mountain- ous forms varying more than lowland. I should like to make the revision more complete by comparing the life-histories of the American specks with those of the European, and also the genitalia, but unt'l this can be done my work will remain rather crude, but, at any rate, a ready means of grouping them. ‘The specimens examined were mostly loaned, so that is why I have done so little work on the genitalia, and it may be possible that the true furcata Thunb. is not found in North America, the variety guinguefasctata Pack. taking its place here. This point can be, perhaps, decided on a more complete comparison with the European form. The length of the palpi seems to be a very constant character, and I examined some six hundred specimens. It is surprising that the older authors like Packard and Guenée failed to notice this, Packard having lumped species with very long palpi, such as g/aucata Pack., bistriolata Zell., with such species as nubilofasciata Pack. and furcata Thunb., in which they are short. Hydriomena furcata or its variations have never been taken in New England, and I should say are strictly western. Just what the boundaries are I cannot say, as the species have been so confused. I notice one difference between European and American forms of furcata, that is the basal band is heavier and wider in the latter than in the Euro- pean form, but I would hesitate to separate them on such slight differences. Both forms have sometimes a white streak on inner margin of fore wings, but this 1s not always present. Taking the species of Dyar’s List, and applying my palpi and colour scheme they would arrange as follows : I. Hydriomena furcata Vhunberg, Diss. Ins. Suec , pt. 1, 1784. —sordidata (of authors) not Fab. Short palpi, cinereous ground colour, The true fuxcata (like fig. 10, table 3) may not occur in North America, as I have not seen a specimen exactly like the European form, and the forms seem closer to guinguefasciata Pack. than furcata. If it is found here, the west will probably be its home, as none of the varieties ~1 or THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. or typical form are recorded from the east. //yd. furcata is more heavily speckled than guinguefasciata Pack., and the extradiscal line is much narrower after it leaves the costa than in guinguefasciata, where it is heavy and broad the entire distance. I saw a ¢ in Dr. Barnes’ collection from Arrowhead Lake, B. C., July 16-18, which seems nearer to typical furcata than anything I have seen. It is not unlike German and Iceland specimens in my collection. There seems to be some doubt in the Rev, Geo. W. Taylor’s mind whether we get the true /urcata here, and I am inclined to agreed with him, yet they run so close in markings as to be difficult to separate, and I shall leave them as listed until I can study the genitalia and compare the life-histories, which must be done to complete my work, as it is, in a way, superficial. Var. (a) edutata Hiib., Schmett Eur., 224 (post 1797). ‘This 1s a synonym of furcata Thunb. according to Mr. Proui’s and my own views, and should be dropped from our lists. Var. (a) guinguefasciata Pack., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, XIIT, p. 397, 1871, Monog. p. 100, 1876. Short palpi, smoky bands, clear discal space. This may be the North American form of furcaza if we do not get the European here, and it is a variety at any rate. The figure in Packard’s Monograph, Plate VIII, fiz. 36, is exc llent. There is an error in fig 35, as this is not fw7cata nor a variety of it, but a green form of xub:lofasctata Pack., which is in his collection and which I examined. Tne differences between guinguefasciata and furcata are in the former having a clear gray mesiil space where the latter is irrorated, in the smoky bands of the former and form of the extradiscal or fifth band from body. Dr. Barnes has a ¢ from Arrowhead Lake, Aug. 24-31, in which the bands are bluish instead of smoky, otherwise it is like guinguefasciata. 1 have seen a similar form from Calgary, July 24. This var. guinguefasciata is found probably through the whole Northwest, and does not vary greatly. Mr A. J. Croker, of Victoria, B. C., has a specimen from there, taken July 27, 1909, in which the white round spot of typical furcata appears in the middle of the fifth band of fore wing, near the inner margin. The general colour is smoky-gray, and resembles a variety of spectosata Pack., and would be hard to separate were it not for the long beak-like palpi of the latter. The ground colour varies from greenish to reddish, the specimen I have from the Rocky Mts. seems more brownish. Ia the European vareties of furcata the extradiscal line tapers toa narrow line near the inner 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. margiu, as a general rule, whereas, in the American, it is the same width from costa to inner margin. Packard’s statement that the outer margin Is cleir has 1 ttle weight, as it is so in most forms of furcata Thunb., except in var, v2fuscata Staudinger, where it is smoky-brown. The type, one ?, Calif. (Behrens), 1s in the Packard collection. Var. (B) :vix7data_ Pack., Proc. Boston. Soc. Nat. Hist., XVI, p. 21, 1874. Monograph, p. ror, 1876. Short palpi, greenish. In his original description Packard calls attention to this form as being close to guinguefasciata, and he is quite correct, as it is a greenish variety of furcafa Thunb., and is almost exactly like German examples of var. sordidata Fab., which is the green form of the European variety. Variety vé7sda/a may sink later to a synonym of sordidata if we get the true Jurcafa here. The palpi of the type are on!y moderate, and not long as Packard states, and the ground colour of the fore wings 1s greenish- yeliow, The type, 1 9, Calif. (Behrens), isin the Packard collection and very perfect. Var. (C) sordidata Yab., Ent. Syst., III, pt. 2, 185, 1794. Short palpi, heavily irrorated, greenish. ‘Tins green form [ retain in our lists until it 1; proved that the Euro- pean one Goes not occur here, but if it does, then wiridata Pack. will become a synonym of var. sordidata. There is very little difference be- tween tle two in the markings, but until the genitalia are studied we cannot be certain as to their standing. yd. sordidata in Europe is said to feed on the willow, but we have no records of the food-plant of vér7data here. Mr. Fred. X. Williams, of San Francisco, sert me a specimen from there, captured May 12th, 1909, that is very close to specimens in my collection from Germany, except that the basal line is broader, as is also the extradiscal, and straighter, which may be the differentiating point between the North American and European forms. So sordiduta becomes a variety and not a good species, on account cf Thunbery’s priority. Var. (D) resecta Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., 1910. Short palpi, reddish ground colour. This is the red form of fwrcata Thunb., and corresponds to the European, red variety, ¢estaceafa Prout, only the markings are same as in Jurcata. This is very similar to Hyd. reflata Grote, only the latter is-gray and has a broad black mesial band where vesecta is reddish, and has a narrow mesial band, which also distinguishes it from the red: variety of refata which sometimes occurs in Arizona. This furm resecta THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 77 is deeply suffused with red, and sometimes has the typical white spot near. outer portion of fore wing, but always has narrow mesial band. I imagine this variety 1s not very commonly met with, as I have seen only short series and mostly from California. Var. (E) periclata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., 1910. Short palpi, suffused. This is the smoky, suffused form of furcata Thunb. The type speci- men is speckled with green, but probably in specimens not so perfect, the green colouring may not be so prominent. This is related to var. infuscata Stgr., of Europe, and holds the same position, only it lacks the smoky-brown of the Iceland specimens before me and is more like a melanic form than the European. The bands are as in typical /urcata, only the basal is broader. Var. (F) albifasciata Pack., Sixth Rep. Peab. Acad. Sci., p. 41, 1874. . Previously figured Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, XVI, pl. 1, fig. 5, 1874. Monograph, p. 97, 1876. Short palpi, greenish, white mesial space. Mr. G. W. Taylor, of Wellington, B. C., first separated this variety from the genus Avchoria Hulst, and placed it correctly as a Hydriomenid, but stopped there (Ent. News, p. 310, July, 1907) Where to place it is the next question. It has the short palpi, so will go in the short palpi group, and remembering that fwrcata Thunb. has a white-banded form in Europe, it seems not unreasonable to suppose this is the white-banded variety of our species. I so place it according to palpi and colour scheme, and I notice Mr. L. B. Prout does the same in his article, Ent. Record (London), Vol. LX, p. 84-87, April, 1897, and was the first to so place it. I. did not put it there on that account, but because of the relationship to the white-banded fusco undata Donov. cf Europe, which it somewhat resembles: the only difference being the course of the extradiscal line of fore wing, which runs out almost to outer border at vein 4, while this does not occur in the European form. Thus, a/b:fasciata Pack. becomes a variety of furcata, and in this I believe I am quite correct, as the white mesia] space would show. This colour variety may be caused by its food-plant, as var. fusco- undata Donov. is said to be produced by feeding on the bill-berry, but. there is no record of the food-plant of a/b:fasciata so far as I know. Rev. G. W. Taylor and Mr. Grosbeck both suggest that refata Grote and abacta Hulst may be synonyms of a/b:fasciata Pack., but after comparing ty pes with specimens in my collections, there are differences which 1 will point out later in the revision. On page 310, July, 1907, Ent. News, 78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Rev. Taylor says it is not a variety of sordidata Fab. ‘his is true in a measure, as sordida/a is only a variety itself. The suffused green colour with white central band wiil distinguish a/6cfasciata from any variety. It is closest to var. vu/nerata of Swett, but in the latter the green is replaced by red and has more bands on the fore wing, there being a marginal band in vulnerata. Type, 1 @ from Calif., in Pack. coll. ‘This includes all the varieties under fwrcatu for the present, and the others listed in Dyar’s Catalogue under sordiduta Fab., such as g/aucata, bistriolata, nubilofas- ciata, are all good species and go into other groups, as 1 intend to show later. Next after furcata and its colour varieties comes a very closely- aliied species, Hyd. reffata Grote. 2. Hydriomena reflata Grote, CAN. Ent., XIV, 186, 1882. Short palpi, grayish. This species has been a stumbling block for all of us, as the types in the Brooklyn Institute of Sciences (Neumoegen coll.) were unknown for some time to specialists. Rev. G. W. Taylor (Ent. News, July, 1907, p. 310 and 311) says a/bifasciata Pack. is very close to this, which is true, but the following differences can be distinguished, as I have just returned from examining the types of both. The mesial band or second band from body is very broad and black. Mr. Grote makes special mention of this, and it is constant in all specimens I have seen so far, and the general colour is gray, where the mesial band in a/bifasctuta is very narrow and the general colour is greenish with white mesial space. ‘There is a cone- shaped projection in the extradiscal band which is not found in alb/fase:- ata. Dr. Barnes has a beautiful red variety of refata from Arizona, male and female, but the wide black mesial band is constant as in the types. Specimens from Arizona and Victoria, B. C., both show this striking black band and cone-shaped projection, which I do not find in alb:fasciata. | place reflata Grote as a good species on account of these differences, and because it has a red variety with the characteristic markings. The white spot near the outer margin would tend to show that it is an allied form of furcata, so I place it to follow furceta. Mesoleuca abacta Hulst, described in Can. Ent., Vol. XXX, p. 117, 1898, was said to be a Hydriomena by Mr. Grossbeck in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXIII, Nov., 1907, and would probably be a synonym of refata Grote. This is quite true, as I have a photograph of the type. sent me by Mr. Grossbeck through Prof. J. B. Smith’s kindness, and it is the same as reflata, the broad black mesial band showing plainly. The specimen in Brooklyn is THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. WY also the same, so adacta Hulst becomes a synonym of 7efa/a Grote. There is a type in the National Museum, 3924, which I did not see. Types of reflata Grote,1 fg and 1 9, Arizona, coll. of B. Neumoegen, Brooklyn Institute. 3. Hyd. nubilofasciata Pack., Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIII, p. 398, 1871. Monog,, p. 98, pl. VIII, figs. 31 and 35. Short palpi, yellowish. : This is a good species and not a variety, as Packard placed it, being distinct in its size and markings from furcata. It is incorrectly spelled in Dyar’s Catalogue. ‘The marginal band on fore wing separates it from any other species at a g'ance. The type have yellowish ground colour with reddish shading in the mesial space, and it looks rather different from all other species and varieties. It is closely allied to furcata Thunberg, so | placed it to follow reffata. Prof. Packard’s plate in the Monograph clearly shows the markings, and I think most collections have this form correct, but it is a very variable species, and according to my colour theory has the same varieties as fuscata, which are as follows: The types, g and ? (Edwards & Behrens), from California, are in the Packard coll. at Cam- bridge. I have specimens from Oregon, Arizona, California and British Columbia. before me, showing that it occupies a wide range of territory. Var. (A) raptata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., rgto. lo ae] Short palpi, greenish. This is the green form of nzuhzlofasciata according to my colour scheme, and the markings are the same as type, only the ground colour of the fore wings is green, without any other shading, making it look quite distinct. Var. (B) scalata Warren, Nov. Zool., p. 519. Vol. II, 1904. Short palpi, green, red shading. I believe this to be a colour variety of nudbtlofusciata, as the latter is found in the type locality, Mr. Marloff sending me specimens from Oregon. Mr. Warren, in his description, speaks of the characteristic marginal band whicn is found only in xudzlofasciata, the difference being the colour of the fore wings of sca/ata, green with red shading. Types, 2 ¢%’s, Gold Hills (Biederman) ; the size, 38 mm., is rather puzzling, as the type is small. Var. (C) cupidata Swett, Can. Ent., XLII, Aug., rgro. Short palpi, reddish. 80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. This is the red form of wzd:/ofasciata, and corresponds to red form resecta Swett, of furcata Thunb,, for the marginal band separates them, as it does in all forms of 2ubzilofasciata. Var. (D) cumulata Swett, Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, Aug., 1910. Short palpi, suffused. This is the suffused form of mabz/ofascrata, and should be so placed. It resembles slightly var. ¢vter-fuscata Staud., of furcata, and corresponds to this variety, but the marginal band on crs wiags separates them. Var. (E) vulnerata Swett, Char Ent., Vol. XLT, Aug, one, Short palpi, white-banded. This is the white-banded form of nudbclofasciata, and corresponds to Jusco-undata Donov. of Europe, and is closer than to the American variety of furcata, form albtfascrata. The ground colour of vu/nerata is reddish, with snow-white mesial space. Var..(F) sparstmacu/a Hulst, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIII, p. 285; 1596. Short palpi, marks on costa only. I saw a specimen of sparsimucuda marked ‘‘type,” in the handwriting of Hulst in the Brooklyn Institute, agreeing with a photograph of the type in the Hulst coilection at New Brunswick, and this is a variety of mud/o- fasciata, being greenish, with the bands showing at costa only. It is possible these are rubbed specimens and not worthy the name, but it is best to give it the benefit of the doubt until a series can be examined. Types in Brooklyn Institute and New Brunswick are labelled “Calif.” Mr. Hulst says in his description, ‘near californiata Pack.,” but it resembles neither this species nor g/aucata, both of which belong to other groups. 4. Hyd. manzanita Taylor, Can. Ent, Vol. VIII, also Grossbeck, Proc, Ent. Soc. Wash, Vol. X, Sept.sr1, 1003: Short palpi, gray. This is the long-winged species, and not to be confused with any other. Mr. Taylor kindly sent specimens from Victoria, and I have seen them from other localities, and I do not see that they vary, all being a dull gray. 5. Hyd. cochiseata Swett, CAN. ENT, July, 1909. Short palpi, gray, white mesial space. This is a large species, and does not resemble any other so far as I can see. The wide, white-banded mesial space would make one imagine THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Sl that it might be the white-banded form of some undescribed species. Mr. Broadwell has another specimen in which the centra! band is suffused, and the whole insect has a grayish appearance. ‘Types, 2 ¢’s, in Mr. Broadwell’s coli., Newark, N. J. 6. Hyd. pernotata Hulst, Can. ENT., XXX, p. 117, 1898. Short palpi, gray. Said by Dr. Dyar “to be yd. magnoliata.” This species seems very hard to place, and as I have not seen the type, I cannot say exactly what it is like, but, according to the description, it belongs to the short-palpi group. The type is from Fort Wrangel, Alaska, and is in the U. S. National Museum. 4. Hyd. irata Swett, CAN. Ent., Vol. XLII, p. 280, Aug., 1910. Short palpi, gray, reddish suffused. This is a very peculiar species, and looks almost exactly like cali- forniata Pack., except that it lacks the longer palpi and has subdentate antenne. It also resembles var. perfracta Sweit, of autumnuadlis, but differs again in the antenne and palpi, and also inthe black lines across the mesial space on veins 2 and 3. The peculiar antenne would almost seem to place it out of the sord:data group, as it really lacks the smooth flattened antenne of that group, in some specimens being very subdentate. No doubt this species has been confused with ca//forniata Pack., but its earlier appearance (in May, where ca/sfornzata flies in July) will also help to separate them. ‘The females appear to be quite rare, as Mr. Croker, who kindly sent me a series of males, stated that he took but one or two. This includes all the species and varieties of the short-palpi group so far as knqwn. By “short palpi,” I mean hardly projecting beyond the head, or 1 mm. in length. The “mesial band” is the group of three bands forming the basal, second and intradiscal. The mesial space is the area between intradiscal and extradiscal lines. In regard to the colour varieties, [ am opposed to giving every form a name, as it would fill up the catalogue unnecessarily, and I do it only where variable species could be confused, as it would be impossible to separate the species if this were not done, ¢.g., the red varieties of xub:lofasciata and furcata, californiata and var. perfracta Swett, of awtumnalis. The colour scheme seems to work out well, and gives us the first means of separating an unwieldly mass of specimens, but the palpi seem to be the most important character, as we know in which of the three groups—short, moderate or long—to place it. There is possibly one change to be made later in the colour scheme regarding green and yellow. I notice that specimens emerge yellow, while others, at first green, turn yellow after flying for some 82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. time. These two colours, therefore, might be merged under one, but the effect is so different in some cases that I believe it is better to keep them separated until they are better understood. I have made a key to the species and varieties which ought to make their classification fairly easy. I shall be glad to have any criticisms or corrections on my work, as it 1s impossible not to make errors on such a difficult group and one so little understood at present. i wish to thank the following gentlemen for either loan of specimens or help: Messrs. William Reiff, Barnes, Taylor, Broadwell, F. X. Williams, Grossbeck, Doll, Croker, Pearsall, Henshaw, Prout, Marloff and Bastleberger, and it is owing to their generosity that I have been gs to accomplish this beginning. SHORT-PALPI GROUP. 1. Hyd. furcata Thunb.. Syn. = (a) edutata Hub. Var. (A) guinguefasciata Pack. (a) fuscous, less irrorated, clear dis- cal space. “ (B) viridata Pack. (b) green, smoke bands. “ (C) sordidata Fab. (c) yellowish-green. “ (D) resecta Swett. (d) reddish. ( ( | Colour scheme cinereous. ‘© (E) periclata Swett. e) suffused. ‘© (F) albifasctata Pack. f) white mesial band. ‘s ees gee get Gray, wide black central band. Syn. =abacta Hulst. \ : a sii nubilofasciata Pack. Yellow, reddish cast. Var. (A) raptata Swett. (a) green, suffused. Ce . 3) scalata Warren. (b) red and green, green shaded. ‘© (C) cupidata Swett. (c) red: “ (D) cumulata Swett. (ad) suffused, smoky. (E) vudnerata Swett. (e) white banded. “ (F) sparstmacula Hulst. (f) marks on costa only. 4 FHyd. manzanita Yaylor. Gray, long fore wings. 5. Hyd. cochiseata Swett. Gray, white banded. 6. ILyd. pernotata Hulst. Gray, red stained. Probably yd. magnoliata Gn. 7. Hyd. trata Swett. Gray, red shaded. This includes all the species and varieties that should be placed in the short-palpi group. The others I shall treat of in the moderate and long palpi groups. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. $3 fae Are HISTORIES OF TWO LYCANID BUTTERFLIES: BY E. J. NEWCOMER, PALO ALTO, CAL. Chrysophanus sere Bdv. Nothing has hitherto been written on the early stages of Chryso- phanus zere, except a short description of the egg, made from a single specimen by Mr. K. R. Coolidge, in Psyche, XVI, 31. This egg was collected by me at Deerpark, Placer Co., Cal., in 1908. It was the only one found. and I did not at that time have the leisure to hunt for others. However, I spent six weeks in the same locality during the summer of 1909, and determined, if possible, to work out the life-history of this species, which is quite abundant in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. ‘The one egg I had fcund (I saw the female lay it), was on an inconspicuous plant not over eight or ten inches high, growing on a flat place among other species of plants of the same general size and appearance. In 1909 I looked over the ground and decided that the food-plant of zera@ was one of two species. A careful search for eggs on these two species revealed none. I then watched every female I came across, and one day was rewarded by seeing a female Jay an egg, and it was on one of the two likely plants. I immediately captured several females and con- fined them under mosquito netting placed over growing plants of this species, which is Polygonum douglasii Greene. The next morning all that was left of the butterflies was a wing or tvwo—ants had taken care of the rest ; but there were a number of eggs on the stems of the plant. By a repetition of this method I secured about sixteen eggs. These eggs were laid on July 27th and 28th. As they had not hatched when I returned home, I put them in a cool place to hibernate. The larve began to come out on February 15th, and the last one hatched latein March. I gave the first larvee leaves of our common Polygonum aviculare, but they refused to eat them, and died in a few days. Several which hatched later, I tried on Rumex, and succeeded in rearing some of them. The young larva begins eating the shell of the egg at the micropyle, and makes an irregular hole, through which it escapes. It does not-con- sume the remaining eggshell. The larva, in its earlier stages, eats pits into the leaves, but in the last two instars the leaves are entirely devoured. The larve that I reared pupated about seven weeks after hatching, and the adults emerged two or three weeks later. Thus in one case the larval stage lasted 48 days and the pupal stage 17 days, making a total of 65 days from egg to adult. In another case the larval stage was 52 days and the pupal 14 days, making 66 days altogether. March, 1911 St THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. gg —Diameter, 0.85 mm.; height, o50 mm. ‘Shape depressed spheroid,”* ornamented with deep, polygonal pits, smallest and shallowest about the micropyle ; micropyle in a rather deep depression. Base of the egg flatand smooth. Colour pale bluish, the raised network about the pits white. Lava, first Instar.—Length, a little over 1 mm. _ Slug-shaped ; brownish-yellow, thickly covered, particularly laterally, with minute black dots. A row of long, dark brownish, rough hairs on each side of the dorsal line, extending from segments 2 to 12, one hair to a segment in each row; another row of finer, shorter hairs laterad of this row, extending from segments 2 to g, the individual hairs caudo laterad of the corre- sponding ones of row 1. A fringe of more delicate hairs on the lateral ridge, also a number of scattered ones on first segment. All these hairs proceding from tubercles of a shiny brownish colour, black at insertion of hair. A hairless tubercle laterad of each large subdorsal hair on segments 2 to ro, and another caudo laterad of this on segments 5 to g; also a pair caudo-laterad of large hairs on segment 10, corresponding to those bearing hairs of second row on preceding segments. Cervical shield shining brown, with some small hairs. A brownish plate on each side of dorsum of segment 12. Some minute hairs on ventral side. Head retracted, dark, nearly black. Later the colour becomes dull greenish, anda pinkish dorsal stripe appears. Second fustar.— Length, 3.5 mm. Colour greenish, dorsal line dull, deep rose, a whitish line on each side ; lateral margin light pinkish or whitish ; head black. Hairs arranged as in first instar, with the addition of a long hair on each side of cervical shield and several cephalad ; a hair on segment 11 on the dorsal line, caudad of the two described in first instar, and one on segment 12 cephatad of the other two. Plates on segment 12 indicated by two depressions. Third Instar.—Length, 5 mm. Dorsum more convex than before. Body uniform pale green, except for a slight rose-coloured dorsal line ; cervical shield green, slightly darker than the body. A sparse covering of whitish or brownish pile. Arrangement of hairs as before; plates of :2th segment indicated by two slight depressions. fourth Instar.—Length, 11-12 mm. Slug-shaped, widest at about the third or fourth segment, narrowing somewhat, and becoming more flattened posteriorly ; segmentation distinct. Body pale grass green, *Psyche, L C: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 85 dorsal Ime darker or cliret-c loured, most conspicuous on middle segments, and wiih a lighter line on each side; lateral line whitish; cervical shield (Fig. 3) sunken, in the shape of a double diamond, the one cephalad largest, bluish-gray, with a lighter line down the centre. Dorsal and lateral hairs and a few small ones dorsc- laterad, brownish; remaining smal hairs whitish. Dorsal side of body Fic. 3.—Cervical shield of larva of Chryso- : ; phanus sere. covered with scattered, white, hairless tubercles, scarcely visinie to the naked eye. A small pit on each’ side of rath segment, grayish at the bottom. Head dark brown, fore legs light brown, claws darker, proiegs light green; the mirute hooks on these reddish brown. Length before pupation 17 mm.; width, 5 mm. Pupa.—Length, 10.5c-10.75 mm.; width. 4-4.25 mm. Rather stout, but longer for its breadth than usual with lyceenid chrysalids ; venter approximately straight ; dorsum with two humps, one on the thorax and the other at the third and fourth abdominal segments; widest near the posterior end of the wing-cases, opposite the third abdominal segment ; head abruptly narrower than the thorax. Colour at first very pale yellowish-greer, with a pinkish dorsal stripe; later, ground cclour pale straw-yellow, with a slight greenish tinge about the thorax. An irregular reticulation of brown lines on dorsal and lateral sides, visible with a low- power lens ; a number of brown blotches on the ventral side of the head, also some lighter ones on the cases of the antenne, palpi'and wings. a aca See ea LZ. howet Bollman. dd. Articles of antennz 30 or above. e. Coxal pores transverse; spines of first legs DM cats tye aes »....L. forficatus Linn, ee. Coxal pores round ; spines of first legs 1, 21S2, (awed See. Le eeler Dolloran. 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, bb. Claw of the anal legs armed with one spine. c. Claw of the penult legs armed with one spine. spines of first legs 1, 3, 2 5 of penult, 1, 3, 3, 1 ; Or amae I, 3, 2, 1; length, 8-11 mm....Z. politus MeNeil: cc. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. Spines of first legs 15,3, 1=2503,°15,° Ol pemwlta eg eon Ofcanal, 15. 3592;./O.. weaier ene eeene L. numius, sp. nov. bbb. Claw of anal legs armed with two spines. c. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. Prosternal teeth 3+ 3; articles of antennz 20 ; spines of penult legs1;: 3,.3,<2% of “anal; 517-3) 2 tae POKES: TOWNE 995 o cea, ws os «be L208, Sp aaONe aaa. Posterior angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. (Metalitho- bius aut.) b. Claw of anal legs unarmed. c. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. d. Claw of gonopods of female entire. e. Articles of antenne 20-23; prosternal teeth eae ai (Ov aval f. Spines ‘of penult legs 1; 3,3; otsamen I, 3, 2,0; anal legs of male with 3rd and 4th joints produced mesad into conspicuous lobes, the corresponding joints in female also usually bearing lobesy snes. ...L. bilabiatus Wood. ff, Spines of penult legs 1, 3,-3; 2 ; of anak 1, 3, 3; 13 3rd and ath joints ofanal legs not thus produced into lobes, the 5th joint in some males with a small keel at distal end dorsad 50 L. jowensis Meinert. ee. Articles of antenne 24-29; prosternal teeth Got 5 HOvOr Ona. L. provridens Bollman. dd. Claw of gonopods of female tripartite. e.. Length, 9=14 mM 5. 'Js 55. L. pullus Bollman. ee. Length, 15 mm. or above. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 101 f. Articles of antennze 23-32; spines of first legs, 2, 3, 2; of penult legs ee era L. holzingert Bollman. ff. Articles of antenne 20 ; spines of first legs I, 3, 2; of penult legs it Ae ieee L. minnesote Bollman. bb. Claw of anal legs armed with one spine. c. Articles of antennz 20. Spines of first legs 1, 3, 1 3 ocelli, 18-25 ; length, BOs FS Mi se eaten L. trilobus Bollman. cc. Articles of antennz 25-32. deo imes of fest-leas O40.-8S > s L. exiguus Meinert. dd. Spines of first legs 0, 1, 1-1, 2, 1. Z. ¢¢viéuas Chamberlin. bbb. Claw of anai legs armed with three spines. c. Claw of penult legs armed with two spines. Articles of antennz 20-31 ; spines of first legs 2, 3, 2; of penult: legs-a; 3.4, 2 sof anal. lees, 5,3. 23 4—x, 2, 2,.2 3 lenoth, 6-9. mm... «. L. cardinals Bollman. 1. Lithobius mordax Koch. A species abundant in the south and south-east. Localities.—Tama, Iowa (common); Wisconsin (one young male, probably this species) ; Nebraska (Kenyon). Also reported from Winona, Minn. In 1887 Bollman reported the form from Indiana, but the following year eliminated it from the State list, referring the specimens which he had to the following species : 2. Lithobius tyrannus Bollman. Localities.—Reported as common in Indiana at Bloomington, La Fayette, Greencastle, Salem, New Providence. 3. Lithobius juventus Bollman. Locality.—Bloomington, Indiana. 4. Lithobius howei Bollman. Localities.— Reported from Ft. Snelling and Winona, Minn., and from Bloomington, Kokoma and Dublin, Indiana. Lithobius forficatus (Linneus). The most common chilopod in the northern sections of the United States. It is exceptionally abundant throughout Wisconsin. 102 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Localities. —Peoria, East Peoria, Franklin Grove, Dwight and Ster- ling, Ill; Mongona, Boone, DeWitt, Marshalltown, Tama and Ogden, Iowa ; Kimball’s, Fond du Lac, Marinette, Eau Claire, Haugen, Devil’s Lake, Janesville, Ashland and Beloit, Wisconsin; Ann Arbor, Waters- meet, Powers and Menominee, Michigan. Also reported from Winona, Minn. (common), and from Lawrenceburgh, Greencastle, Connersville, Westfield and Bloomington, Indiana (common in northern section). 6. Lithobius celer Bollman. Localities —A specimen from Michigan and one from Wisconsin are referred provisionally to this species. There is considerable doubt as to their position. Both are not fully-grown males. 7. Lithobius numius, sp. nov. Angles of the gth, 11th and 13th dorsal plates produced, those of the 7th plate also slightly extended. Antenne with 20 articles. Prosternal teeth 2+ 2. Last two pairs of coxe laterally armed, last three pairs dorsally armed. Spines of the first legs 1, 3; 1-2, 3,1; spines of -the penult leasmijaes 3, 2, the claw armed with two spines; spines of anal legs. 1, 3, 2, 0, the claw armed with one spine. Coxal pores round, 3, 5, 5. 5. Gonopods of female with the claw tripartite or almost bipartite through the pronounced reduction or almost obliteration of one tooth ;. spines 2+ 2. Length, 11 mm. Locality.x— Haugen, Wisconsin. 8. Lithobius bius sp. nov. Angles of the gth, 11th and 13th dorsal plates produced. Antenne with 20 articles. Prosternal teeth 3 + 3. Last three pairs of coxe laterally armed; last four pairs armed dorsally. Spines of first legs 1, 3, 2; of penult legs 1, 3, 3, 2, the claw armed with two spines; spines of the anal legs 1, 3, 2,1, the claw armed with two spines. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 103 Coxal pores small, round, 3, 4, 5, 3. Length, 13 mm. Locality.—Saunders, Michigan. 9. Lithobius sexdentatus Kenyon. Locality.—Sioux Co., Nebraska (Kenyon). 10. Lithobius politus McNeil. Localities.— Peoria, Ill. Previously reported from Ludington, Mich., and from Bloomington and Dublin, Indiana. 11. Lithobius cardinalis Bollman. | Localities.— Reported from Bloomington, Westfield, Salem and New Providence, Indiana. 12. Lithobius bilabtatus Wood. syn. L. tuber Boliman, Proc. U.S, N. M., 1887. L. malterris Kenyon, CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 1893. Localities..—Grand Island, Neb.; DeWitt and Tama, Iowa; Rock Island and East Peoria, Iil.; Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin. Also reported from Winona, Minn., and from Bloomington, Indiana. 13. Lithobius jowensis Meinett. Syn. L. bilabiatus Bollman, Proc. U. S. N. M., 1887. L. bruneri Kenyon, Canap. ENT., 1893. A very common species throughout the region. Localities.—Omaha and Fremont, Nebraska ; Mongona, Boone and DeWitt, Iowa; Rock Is., Franklin Grove, Sterling, Peoria and East Peoria, Ill.; Watersmeet, Saunders and Menominee, Michigan ; Haugen, Marinette and Beloit, Wisconsin. Reported also from Ludington, Mich., and from Bloominton, LaFayette, Richmond, Greencastle, Salem, New Providence and Wyandotte, Indiana. 14. Lithobius proridens Bollman. Localities—Reported from Bloomington, LaFayette, Richmond, Brookville, Salem, New Providence and Wyandotte, Indiana. 15. Lithobius pullus Bollman. ? Syn. L. dorsospinorum Kenyon, CANAD. ENT., 1893. Localities. —Dwight, Ill. Also reported from Nebraska and from Bloomington, Indiana. 10t THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 16. Lithobius holzingeri Bollman. Localities.—Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin. Also reported from Winona, Minn. (common). 17. Lithobius minnesote Bollman. Localities —Haugen, Wisconsin. Reported from Ft. Snelling, Minn. 18. Lithobius trilobus Bollman. Localities.— Reported from Bloomington and Salem, Indiana. 19. Lithobius exiguus Meinett. Localities. —Columbus, Neb.; Mongona, Boone, Marshalltown, Iowa ; Peoria, Dwight, Sterling, Ill.; Janesville and Beloit, Wisconsin. 20. Lithobius tivius Chamberlin. Localities. —Fremont and Omaha, Nebraska. The specimens present slight differences from typical ¢7yzus, but probably represent the same species. HABITS OF SA7ERINTAUS GEMINATUS SAY, ANS CERTISY TATE BY. I have sometimes taken the above two species here, night after night, in about equal numbers, ‘‘ playing” over water. The habit is a peculiar one, which I have not noticed in any other species. I sometimes find them singly, and sometimes five or six together, flying to and fro, close to the water at open places between the willows, in a creek which runs through my place, generally at places where the banks have been worn down by stock crossing. Their motion is not regular, as in the Hepialide, but varied and meandering, usually over an area of about 20 feet square or less. So close do they fly to the water, that in striking at them with the net I often splash in mud and water. ‘Though they generally vary their flight a few feet if a net is thrown close to them, they are not easily driven away unless actually struck at and missed, and not always then. The flight lasts about half or three-quarters of an hour, commencing in late dusk, and jasting for some time. Often I have to use a lantern to see to catch them. Ifa light is shown too close to them, they just move away a few feet, as they do from the net. All I have caught in this manner have been males, but their behaviour has not suggested an assemblage to females. Nor do they seem to be drinking, as I very rarely see one dip. Mr. G. O. Day, of Duncans, B. C., tells me that his son mentions having noticed the habit in cerésyi. F. H. Wotuiey Dob, Millarville, Alberta. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 105 INSECTS AND DISEASE. ‘* THE PREVENTION OF MarartA,” by Ronald Ross, with contributions by other authorities. - XIII—669 pp., with plates. (London: John Murray.) INSECTS AND Disease,” by R. W. Doane. XIV—z227 pp., 112 figs. (American Nature Series, New York: Henry Holt & Company.) If the goal of civilization is the supremacy of man over the antago- nistic forces of nature, then the part which the entomologist is playing in enabling the human race to reach that goal is no small one. No other branch of entomological study has drawn the attention of men, and in particular of statesmen, to the importance which insects play in the economy of mankind, as that which deals with the direct relationship of insects to man as the carriers of disease, When an insect-borne disease is responsible in india alone for an annual mortality of over a million people, when another exacts a penalty of fifty thousand lives from the French as a toll for cutting a portion of the Panama canal, and a third disease in a few years results in the loss of over two hundred thousand lives in Central Africa, it is then that the importance of insects, as the necessary hosts of such diseases as Malaria, Yellow Fever and Sleeping Sickness, is recognized. At the anniversary meeting of the Royal Society, held in December, Lord Robson gave an indication of the forcible manner in which these questions are appealing to men of to-day. He remarked that it is the man of science who is to decide the fate of the tropics, not the soldier or the statesman with his programmes and perorations, but the quiet entomologist. He is the man of science who above all others strikes popular imagination the least and gets less of popular prestige, but he has begun a fascinating campaign for the sanitary conquest of those enormous tracts of the earth, and before long he will have added their intensely fertile soil, almost as a free gift, to the productive resources of the human race. Coming from one who is not a scientist, this statement is all the more significant of the trend of opinion among our public men. The mosquito is shown to be the factor which has prevented the opening up of enormous areas of Africa, and likewise the tse-tse fly by its attacks upon domestic beasts of burden; the flea is proven to be the means of disseminating the plague bacillus; the house-fly is condemned as a serious menace to public health as a carrier of the germs of typhoid and other infectious diseases, and so the story is 106 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. continued, the commonest creatures in our midst are proving to be our greatest enemies. Laveran’s discovery of the parasitic organism of malaria in 1880, and the subsequent demonstration seventeen years later by Ross of the part played by the mosquito in its transmission, have, as Prof. Osler has said, ‘‘a greater significance for a greater number of persons than any single observation made in connection with disease.” The treatment for a subject whose literature stretches back over a period of more than two thousand years, would be an enormous undertaking, and the first of the two books under review does not attempt it. It treats of the prevention of the disease, based on the investigations which have been carried on in malarial regions since the author’s discovery of the part which the mosquito plays. A brief history is given of the disease, and of the facts concerning its etiology as a necessary preliminary to a proper considera- tion of the prophylactic measures with which the volume is chiefly concerned. The various antipaludic measures are discussed and compared as employed in different regions of the world, and the results are given. The author has included contributions by twenty-one other experts on antipaludic measures in different countries, among which those of Dr. Howard on the work in the United States, and of Col. Gorgas on malaria prevention on the Isthmus of Panama, are of special interest. Coming from the pen of one who has rightly received the highest honours as an investigator, and as an authority on antipaludic measures, one would expect such a volume to be of singular merit, and we find that not only are our anticipations fully realized, but that the lucidity of the scientific details is made all the more attractive by the author’s power of literary expression, thereby increasing to no small degree the circle of readers to whom the work will appeal. The second volume is “a popular account of the way in which insects may spread or cause some of our common diseases,” and as such will be of real service in explaining to the general reader the more important facts concerning the relations of such insects as mosquitoes, house-flies, fleas and others to human disease. It is extremely readable, and has the advantage over many of the popular accounts which find their way into print of having been written by one who is qualified by acquaintance with the facts to write such an account. While the value of the work is certainly enhanced by the inclusion of so many original photographs, a little more care might have been taken concerning them. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 107 Some idea should have been given as to the relative size of Figures 22 and 23, and it would appear that Figures 53, 55, 56, 57, 59 and 61 are rather needless repetition of what might well have been illustrated in one or two good photographs. Figure 64 is inverted. Of the mistakes in the letter- press, we notice (p. 64) ‘‘ the larve (of JZ. domestica) will become fully developed in from eight to fourteen days”; the minimum period for the larval stadium is about five days ; and should not “responds to,” on p. 82, line 7, be ‘‘records”? The seta of the flagellum of the antenna respond to the note, and this response is probably interpreted by the characteristic nerve-end cells in the swollen base of the antenna. C. Gorpon Hewitt. BOOK: NOTICES. COLEOPTERORUM CATALOGUS, pars 23, Cleride. Sigm. Schenkling, Berlin. W. Junk, Nov., 1910. This valuable contribution by the recognized authority on the subject is fully up to the high standard established by the author in his masterly work on the family in the ‘‘Genera Insectorum.” In the first general catalogue of Coleoptera, that of Gemminger and Harold (1869), only 697 species of Cleridz were listed; in Lohde’s “Cleridarum Catalogus” (1900), the number was increased to 1,822; and. in the “Genera Insectorum” (1903), the number recorded was 1,971 species, exclusive of 187 varieties, 162 genera being necessary for their reception. In the present ‘“‘Catalogus” 2,285 species, 224 named varieties and 185 genera are given as valid, the whole making a volume of 174 pages, of which 39 are devoted to a comprehensive index. The system followed is essentially that of Lacordaire, with numerous modifications and amplifications. The family is primarily divided into two subfamilies—the CLERIN# taking the place of Lacordaire’s C#érides vrais, the CORYNETIN that of his Hnopliides. The genera are arranged in natural sequence, while the species are given in alphabetical order. The bibliographical and synonymical refer - ences, both generic and specific, are quite exhaustive, including those of a biologic and anatomic nature, and the general distribution of each species is also given. Twenty-seven genera are recognized as members of our fauna, Laricobius Rosenhauer being properly omitted from the catalogue, as the 108 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. general consensus of opinion is that it should be placed in the family Derodontide. Some of the more important nomenclatorial changes noted are as follows: Monophylla Spin. takes the place of MZacrotelus Klug ; our two species of Colyphus (furcatus Schaeff. and melanopterus Dury) are referred to Derestenus Chevr.; Zarsostenus Spin. and Phyllobenus Spin. are removed from the subfamily CLERIN& and assigned to the sub- family CoRYNETINE. C/Zerus Fabr. is retained for the American species, usually known as such, but for which Prof. Chas. J. Gahan proposed the name £noclerus, our species not being congeneric with the type of Cleras —the European C. mutillarius. The letterpress is excellent ; the mistakes are few and mainly unim- portant, several of these being clearly chargeable to the typographer. A. B. WoLcorr. MEIGEN 1800 ONCE MORE. The supreme importance of the subject in the nomenclature of Diptera seems to justify a further comment on my part, although the mere difference of view between Mr. Coquillett and myself would not in itself require notice. The decision of the Commission is that Meigen 1800 was actually published, therefore available if “found valid.” Mr. Coquillett omits the word “found,” which, to my mind, changes the meaning somewhat. ‘The process of “finding” is what Mr. Stiles leaves to specialists, and as far as I am eligible to express an opinion under that head, I have already indicated that I have no use for Meigen 1800. I have had considerable corre- spondence with the publishing dipterists of the country in the last few weeks on the subject, and I have yet to finda single one. of them who agrees with Mr. Coquillett, that Meigen 1800 should be allowed to take precedence over Meigen 1803. To illustrate the point that there is a good deal at stake, I might mention Mr. Coquillett’s two papers on the types of genera in Empidide. About seven years ago he published a paper on the subject, applying the rules of the International Zoological Congress ; lately, in his work on the types of all the North American genera of .Diptera, he necessarily passed over the same field again, this time adopting Meigen’s 1800 names. I have taken the trouble to count up the North American species of Empidide that have their generic names changed in the later paper, and I find that they comprise no less than forty-five per cent. of the family ! J. M. Atpricu, Moscow, Idaho. ERRATUM.—Can, Ent, XLII, p. 51, line 4, for “le long du’ read ‘‘longe je.” Mailed March 11th, 1911. The Ganadiay Entomologist VoL. XLIII. LONDON, APRIL, roit. No. 4 BEETLES FOUND ABOUT FOLIAGE. BY F. J. A. MORRIS, TRINITY COLLEGE SCHOOL, PORT HOPE, ONT. During my five years or more of collecting, I have captured, on and about foliage, species belonging to eight or ten of the great families of beetles. Some of these have been merely incidental, and I know of nothing in their habits to connect them with the toce or herbaceous plant on which I found them. For instance, there is a species of Lagriid, a family closely related to the Tenebrionidz or Darkling beetles, which I have often taken on follage-—Arthromacra enea; usually the beetle is found feeding in blossoms of the dogwood, occasionally on the foliage of that shrub, but quite often 1 have seen it on the leaves of the May-apple (Podophyllum peltatum), the New Jersey- Tea (Ceanothus americanus ), and the Sweet Fern ( Comptonta asplentfolia) ; it appears to have a special fondness for this last shrub, and on bright, hot days of July, is often abundant in patches of Sweet Fern. So far as I know, it does not eat the leaves, but, contrary to the general habit of the Tenebrionids, it certainly courts bright sunshine. There is an allied genus in Great Britain (Zagria hirta) said to be found on blossoms and in hedges, which, even in the larval stage, is remarkable for its habit of wandering openly about foliage. Most of the Tenebrionid Jarvee feed obscurely on vegetable matter, preferably in a dry condition ; probably the best known—in domestic economy—is Zenebrio mo/litor, the famous meal-worm, which I have occasionally had served to me at break- fast in a plate of porridge. There are three families of beetles in particular, many of whose mem- bers are extremely fond of sunshire. The Elaters or Click Beetles, their next of kin, the Buprestids or Metallic Wood-borers, and the Cerambycidze or Long-horns. I have often captured some of the smaller species of Elaters, chiefly of the genus Corymbites, resting on the upper side of leaves, apparently indulging in the luxury of a sun-bath. Early in May two seasons ago I 110 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, took a magnificent specimen of Buprestis striata basking on the tip of a branch of white pine, and in August of the same year I saw darting about in the mid-day heat and settling from time to time on the foliage of a spruce the gorgeous little Buprestid, Chrysobothris harrisit. This dazzling vision in peacock-blue was vouchsafed to me for a moment only and then withdrawn, but in my mind’s eye I have been “following the gleam” ever since. Altogether that proved a red-letter day in my calendar, for I captured on the trunk of a newly-felled balsam fir at the same spot my sole specimen of AZonohammus marmorator. A great many of the Cerambycidz or Long-horns are fond of this sun-basking ; and I have made occasional captures on foliage of species that usually seek the shade; once a specimen of Cal/itdium antennatum on a blade of grass by the roadside, and once a fine specimen of Calloides nobilis on a stalk of sedge by the railway track. But of those that are active by day, many of them feeding in blossoms, I have found many species on leaves, especially of the two tribes CZy¢zn¢ and Lepturini ; in one or two cases the insect seems to prefer one foliage to all others, and perhaps such captures ought not to be regarded as merely ineidental ; for instance, I have found C/ytanthus ruricola show a decided preference for the leaves of the thimbleberry, though it does not often feed in the blossom of this plant. The capture I look back upon with greatest pride was that of a small specimen of Lupogonius subarmatus in my first season of collecting. I was going through a belt of basswood on the lookout for various things, but chiefly “Walking Sticks” and the larve of Chrysomela scalaris ; by “Walking Sticks” I mean the Phasmid, Diapheromera femorata, an Orth- opterous insect next of kin to the Praying Mantids; it occurred not infrequently that season about the Rideau on basswood; still more abundant on basswood leaves were the larve of CAhrysomela scalaris, and I was rearing some in captivity. While scanning the under side of the foliage just above my head I noticed a leaf through which the sunlight passed imperfectly ; there was a small opaque area near the leaf; in short, something rather smaller than a housefly was casting its shadow on the upper surface. I drew the leaf cautiously down and surprised a diminu- tive longicorn sunning itself in the middle of the leaf; unfortunately, I surprised it in more senses than one, for, in response to a stimulus of self- preservation, it instantly collapsed, and tumbling down the leaf in a series THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. lll of somersaults, like the clown in a pantomime, disappeared from the stage. For nearly half an hour I hunted among the dedris at my feet, and at last discovered the little harlequin playing ’possum under a twig. At first I took this beetle for Amphionycha flammata, to which superficially it bears an extraordinary resemblance ; but I found the ungues or claws (which are divaricate) simple instead of cleft; as they are distinctly cleft in Amphionycha, the foot appearing to end in four minute claws, it became certain my capture was Eufogonius subarmatus. Another form of incidental capture is where beetles of a carnivorous habit resort to foliage in search of food. I have once taken Calosoma scrutator, and several times Calosoma calidum on the foliage of the white pine ; these enterprising ground beetles poaching on the arboreal preserves for caterpillars ; many of the diurnal fireflies, which are carnivorous, may be found resorting to foliage for the same purpose, and the Coccinellide or Lady-birds are regularly so taken. One July I found two or three species of Lady-bird resorting in large numbers to an asparagus bed, where they were doing yeoman service in devouring larve as they fed on the foliage ; on the menu of their banquet, if not the préce de resistance, was Crioceris asparagi, and they were feasting royally. Passing from incidental captures to those where the insect was found on its food-plant, I shall begin with an insect I saw in July three years ago, which did not devour the leaves, but using its jaws as a pair of scissors, cut them and rolled them up into cylinders. I mean the weevil, Attelabus analis, the oak-leaf roller. I was examining the leaves of various plants, herbaceous and woody, along the railway track, some 12 miles north of Port Hope—especially willow shrubs and oak-seedlings whose foliage was lush and tender, the leaves being, many of them, still pink and soft—when [| noticed a curculio with black head and snout, the thorax and elytra of a shining chestnut-red. I recognized it from having seen cabinet specimens as one of the oak-leaf rollers, and on diligent seach [ found it fairly abundant and always on young leaves, which no doubt proved more pliable and easily worked by this ingenious little artificer. It was not easy to see much work done, as the beetle is easily alarmed, and drops from the leaf if approached too closely. I was able in one case, however, to watch the actual process of rolling, and in another some of the preliminary work of cutting. Obser- vations published in an American journal of entomology go to prove that, 112 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. though the act is instinctive and involves neither practise nor imitation, it is not absolutely perfect ; leaves have been found cut in more than one place and then abandoned as unsatisfactory. There is a very interesting account of a British leaf-roller (AR/Ayuchites betule) given by Sharpe in the Cambridge Natural History. ‘The female beetle goes to the margin of the leaf, at the base, but some way out from the stalk, and cuts through the leaf from the margin to the mid-rib some- what in the shape of an upright letter S; it then crosses the mid-rib and cuts through the other half of the leaf to the margin, somewhat in the shape of a prostrate letter S. The beetle then returns to the margin, where it begins cutting, and, much as a grocer makes a paper funnel for sugar, rolls the edge over round an ideal axis till it brings it to the mid-rib ; here it holds the funnel in position with the legs of one side, while with the other three it draws the further side of the leaf towards it and wraps it around the part of the funnel already formed. When it finds the material stiff to work with, it bites the surface of the leaf with its mandibles or pushes it into position with its feet, adjusting means to end like a sailor at work in the shrouds furling canvas. It then enters the funnel, bites two or three small pits into the leaf, deposits an egg in each, and, then emerging, com- pletes the funnel by folding over and tucking in the tip of the leaf. Mr. Sharpe, in comment, points out that the insect has never seen a funnel in its life, and yet manages to make one perfectly the very first time of trying. But the author’s perplexity is partly due to his confusing a purely instinctive act with an act of intelligence (vide the Peckham’s book on Wasps). How can an insect be a highly-skilled engineer, working with mathematical accuracy and on a scientific plan? It is an insoluble problem if you try to state your answer in terms of intelligence and indi- vidual consciousness. But place it among impulsive acts, involuntary and more or less mechanical, common to all members of the species, and you can give a fairly satisfactory explanation in terms of instinct. Among insects especially are found instincts whose perfection is simply diabolical, often involving a highly-complex series of acts performed but once in the whole lifetime of the individual, and therefore admitting of neither practise nor imitation. ‘To look upon such acts as the result of conscious intelligence is absurd ; the intellect has no place here, and would be simply a meddler, likely to bungie and make a botch of the artificer’s work. On the other hand. a whole-hearted Darwinian like Weiomaur has no difficulty in applying his great principle of selection to such an act, and THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113 seeing In it once more beautiful illustration of how all things living in the world, whether ova or fauna, are adapted to their environment. As I have begun with one of the weevils which come at the end of the Coleoptera in classification, I will pass to a family not far removed from the weevils, the Blister Beetles (AZe/o‘de), many of which in the mature state occur abundantly on foliage and are very destructive. Four species of the genus Zfzcauta are known in Ontario; some of them occasionally attack the leaves of the potato, but more usually they feed harmlessly on flowers like golden-rod and helianthus or the low herbage by river banks. I have not seen any of this genus, and think it uncommon east of Toronto, or at least in the neighbourhood of Port Hope. One species of an allied genus ( MZacrobasis unicolor ), which also attacks the potato, I have found in great abundance about Port Sydney in low grounds, feeding and breeding on the foliage of meadow-rue. The family consists of two tribes, Cantharide and Melotde. The former all have power of flight, and are frequently found about foliage or flowers ; in the latter the wings are abortive or entirely absent, and the beetle’s most daring excursions into the realm of air consists in crawling up a grass-blade or the stem of some herbaceous plant. One or two species of JAZe/oe or Oil Beetle are frequently found early in the spring and late in the summer, but the insect does not appear to eat foliage. Both tribes of this family are famous for their possession of a principle known as cantharidine, whence they are called Blister beetles, some of the species being of great medicinal value. A more remarkable feature about them, which they share with some of their neighbours, the ‘/orde/iide, is the phenomenon of hyper-meta- morphosis. They are all parasitic in the larval stage, their hosts being usually bees, occasionally wasps and (in the case of Eficauta) locusts, The normal form of the larva is preceded by a very active louse-like insect known as a triungulin (each leg terminating in a triple set of hooks). The larva that succeeds the triungulin is inactive and almost legless ; moreover, in some cases the true pupa is preceded by a sort of prelimi- nary pupal form, from which emerges a larva of habit almost as active as the original triungulin, though it does not feed. The triungulin is a monomaniac, I mean a creature of but one idea, one single goal of ambition, and its six active legs.enable it to get there. The loadstone that draws the triungulin like a steel-filing to a magnet is the egg of its host. In the case of Zprcauta vittata, this is the egg cluster 114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of a locust, and the present beetle takes the precaution of laying its egg near where the locust has hidden its egg-batches in the ground. Among the Cantharids, whose host isa genus of bee (Anthophora), the beetle oviposits near the bee’s nest, but in order that the triungulin may. reach the egg of the bee, it has to be carried into the nest by a queen bee ; its instinct impels it to seize the first hair within reach. This frequently proves to be the leg of a drone, and in some cases the triingulin manages to transfer itself to the leg of a queen bee during the nuptial flight, and so reaches its goal, the egg cell in the hive. But hundreds of triungulins must perish from seizing a wrong object, and in order to compensate for this, selection has enormously increased the fertility of the female beetle, which lays as many as 2,000 eggs. Inthe JZe/ve or Oil beetle the instinct is even more imperfect ; the beetle does not lay her eggs near the home of the host, and the triungulin mounts to the top of grass-stems or enters a blossom and waits there for a hair (any hair will do) ; this more often than not proves to be growing on the leg ofa fly, or if a bee, the wrong kind, and thousands of the triungulins, instinctively seizing the first hairy object that offers, are carried into space to perish miserably. All that saves the Meloe from utter extinction is the stupendous fecundity of the female, the clutch of eggs laid by this Apteryx among insects producing a brood of no fewer than 10,000 triungulin chicks. Apart from the great Phytophagous group of beetles, easily the best known family of leaf-eaters is the Scarabeids. One section of this family consists of scavengers pure and simple, the larva being nourished in manure or rotting wood and the female laying her eggs in such material. But an important branch of the family is phytophagous, the larvee feeding on living vegetable matter, usually the roots of grasses and herbaceous plants, and the mature insects often feeding voraciously on leaves of trees or soft vegetable tissue. In this family of beetles, structurally so different from the Phytophag- ous Beetles, strictly so called, it is interesting to note how far one group has diverged from another in response to conditions entailed by their chosen food material Among the Cofrinz you find the larval stage completed in a few weeks, or at most months, while the life of the mature beetle (as in Scarabeus) extends over a period of two or three years. Among the AZe/olonthini almost the converse obtains ; the larva takes two, three or even five years to mature, and tke beetle after emerging from the ground lives for only a week or two. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 In Ontario the most familiar of these phytophagous scarabs are the leaf-chafers, popularly known as June bugs. After three years passed in subterranean obscurity the beetles emerge, often in vast quantities ; they are inactive during the day, and remain hidden in the grass at the foot of trees or on the foliage itself, but at dusk they rouse up from their lairs and fly about among the trees in irregular flight, noisy and blundering ; before midnight their activity on the wing ceases. The life of the individual beetle after emerging from the ground lasts little more than a week or two, and you would naturally expect its chief concern to be the perpetuation of its kind. But often Melolonthinus, like Launcelot Gobbo, is a huge feeder, sometimes entirely stripping fruit trees and ornamental shade trees of their foliage. There are one or two genera in this group containing species a good deal smaller than Lachnosterna, the true June bug, which are also very destructive in some parts and seasons. The Rose-chafer (Macrodactylus subspinosus ), not content with eating the buds and petals of rose blossoms, frequently attacks the grapevine and the foliage of various fruit trees ; it is also sometimes a pest on young corn ; it does not seem so far to have made its way east of Toronto in any serious numbers. A closely-allied genus is the Dichelonychu, one species of which (D. elongata) I have often seen eating the foliage of basswood. Three seasons ago it was very abundant in the woods near Port Hope, and responsible for a good deal of damage done in July to the foliage of forest trees ; it shows a decided preference for basswood, eating its foliage more readily and more rapidly than other leaves, though I have found it on hawthorn and on maple. | Another genus, that of Hoplia (trifasciata), occurs often on hawthorn leaves, but is almost entirely a pollen-feeder, like Zrichius piger and Euphoria inda. Hoplia, which occurs often on choke-cherry, early alder and hawthorn, the males appearing at the beginning of May and the females a fortnight later, disappears at the beginning of June. Another species of Euphoria, a beautiful beetle called £. fugtda, I suspect of eat- ing forest leaves ; I have picked it up several times under trees in open rocky hardwoods on the north shore of the Rideau. Among Scarabs that frequent foliage are also two species very destructive in the tribe Awfe/ini, large, handsome beetles— Pe/idnota punctata, found on grapevines, and Cota/pa lanigera, chiefly on pear trees, but occasionally on elm, popular and oak. I have never found this 116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. beetle, but the /e/tdnota has been taken occasionally in the neighbour- hood, usually on the cultivated grapevine, but once or twice on wild vines some miles north of the town; it does not appear to be at all frequent east of Toronto. I mentioned at the outset of my paper the Buprestids as a family peculiarly fond of basking in the sun. There are two genera of Buprestid that eat leaves, Agr7/us and Brachys. The first of these is a long, narrow beetle, taken occasionally on the leaves of basswood, but more common on the foliage of raspberries. The larva bores in the stem of the raspberry. A curious feature about the Agri/us is that in appearance and shape, as well as in some of its movements for escape or to elude observation, it closely resembles the longicorn beetle Oderea; moreover, the habits and life-history of the two beetles are almost identical ; they both lay their eggs in raspberry stems, where the larva bores and feeds, and they both in maturity resort to the leaves of the plant as a resting place and occasionally for food. | The genus Srachys is a short form of beetle, almost as broad as it is long, the species I have most commonly found being Lrachys erosa ; it is not uncommon on basswood and two or three other forest leaves, but I have usually found it feeding on the foliage of a hazel ( Corylus rostrata ), where it is sometimes abundant. It is stated in Sharpe’s article on insects in the Cambridge Natural History, that some of the smaller kinds of Buprestid have been discovered to feed on the parenchyma of leaves. I know nothing about the larval habit of Lrachys, but arguing on analogy from Avri/us, | would hazard the guess that the larva is a leaf-miner on hazel or other forest leaves. In drawing a parallel between Agrzdus and Oberea, I referred to both form andhabit. The form of Lrachys, short and broad and somewhat flat, suggests the form of Odontora, a leaf-miner among the Chrysomedians ; in habit, since the mature beetle of 4grz/us responds to the same food stimulus as its larva, the eating of hazel and other leaves by the Brachys beetle may mean that the larva mines in such leaves. (Vide Can. ENT., 1887, XIX, 159. I have found a great many instances among the Coleoptera where the mature insect seems to be affected in a greater or less degree by the same stimulus as the larva. Perhaps the sight of the larva’s food-plant strikes on some happy chord of childish recollection in the mature beetle. ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Lt? To the student of animal instinct it is no doubt far more wonderful that an insect in its comparatively short life should at different stages respond to two quite distinct food-stimuli, The syrphus fly, Zvcstadis tenax, Whose larva feeds in liquid manure, is, at maturity, a honey-sucking haunter of blossoms ; in extreme cases, like that of the parasitic oil beetles, as many as three distinct food-stimuli occur in the life of the individual. But in my ramble through the realm of Coleoptera, it is the opposite phenomenon which has struck me most. I mean the number of beetles that are attracted to the food of their larva. I have noticed this especially among the Cerambycide. In many of them the smell of fermenting sap (where a tree is newly felled or has been injured by the lopping of branches or the mutilation of bark) seems to act as a direct and powerful stimulus in liberating the instinct of reproduction. This is specially noticeable in the Monohammi. In others again, where perhaps the smell of sap has first drawn the insects to the tree for breeding purposes, the sight of the foliage seems to impel the beetles to eat the leaves. This is particularly the case in some genera that approach most nearly to the Chrysomelians. We have a familiar illustration of it in Zetvaopes, the Milkweed beetle, whose larva feeds in the stem of the plant, while the beetle resorts in large numbers to the leaves, on which it feeds freeiy as well as breeding. Less conspicuous examples of the same phenomenon are the Oderea, and still more the Sapferda. I have several times captured Saferda vestita feeding on the sheaf of leafy twigs surrounding the basswood stumps, under whose bark the eggs are laid. I have found Saperda moesta eating the leaves of the poplar where its larva develops, and on a single willow I once counted over 200 specimens of Saperda concolor breeding on the leaves and eating the foliage with evident relish. These last few paragraphs have brought me right into the great group of Phytophagous beetles, properly so called, whose larvz, without excep- tion, find support on living vegetable tissue. They comprise three families, the Bruchids, which devour seeds ; the Cerambycids, which attack the woody tissue of trees and shrubs, and the Chrysomelids, which feed at all stages on foliage and the more succulent parts of vegetation. The Bruchids form only a small group, and the genus Aruchus is the only one of much importance ; besides the Pea and Bean Weevils (so called), the only species I have found at all abundant is a minute insect, Bruchus discoideus, sometimes plentiful in the blossoms of the white Convolvulus or Morning Glory. 118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The Cerambycids appear to have been in their origin scavengers, rarely attacking sound wood ; but the larve of many of them before reach- ing full growth eat right into solid timber, while others appear to eke out their existence by draining the afflux of sap to the part they have wounded ; yet others again have deserted the forest tree that formed their ancestral home and taken up their abode in the fruit trees of our orchards. The larvee develop slowly, and must greatly reduce the vitality of the tree they infest. They are exceedingly tenacious of life, and many instances are on record to show that the larval stage is capable of enormous extension. The imago of AZonohammus has been known to emerge from chairs and tables years after the manufacture of the furniture. Mr S@y@: Waterhouse, an English Naturalist, heard one of these larve at work in a boot-tree-(an implement for stretching top boots) which he had in his possession for 14 years ; he then presented the implement to the Natural History Museum at Kensington, where for six or seven years longer the larva continued to saw wood. ‘The entire absence of sap had of course arrested the development of the larva, and it was unable to complete its transformation. Sereno Watson, the American botanist, relates another case (Packard, U. S. Ent. Comm., 1890, p. 689), that seems to prove the life of one longicorn to have lasted 45 years. When you add to this tenacity of life the larval obscurity which makes even detection difficult, it will be seen how serious a pest the longicorns may and often do become. The Chrysomelians, on the other hand, live openly on foliage, which they devour as beetles no less than as larve. ‘The larval stage is short and the insect, as a rule, helpless and easily destroyed. They more than compensate, however, for their exposure to attack by their rapid breeding, many genera producing two broods every season. ‘There are 11 tribes of the family in boreal America, all of them represented in Ontario. But the great bulk of our Chrysomelidz belong to the four consecutive tribes— Cryptocephalini, Lumolpini, Chrysomelini and Galerucini—the last of these is far the greatest, and contains more genera and almost as many species as the other three combined. ‘Together these four tribes contain more than two-thirds of the entire genera and species in the family. As, geologically, the woody fibred vegetation preceded the leafy and succulent plants, it is probable that the Cerambycide attained their great- est development far earlier than the Chrysomelide. But the two families are undoubtedly closely akin, and the Donacias may be regarded, both in form and in habit, as in many respects intermediate between some of the less highly-specialized genera of Cerambycids and the Chrysomelids. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 NOTES ON TENTHREDINOIDEA, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.* BY S. A. ROHWER, WASHINGTON, D. C. PAPER XIII, MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. The Common Pear Slug. After repeated requests for information concerning the synonymy or correct name of the common pear slug, it has been deemed advisable to publish certain remarks on this species. According to Rev. Herr F. W. Konow’s classification (a) this species belongs to the genus Zrvocampoides Konow. Dr. A. D. MacGillivray (b) places Zriocampoides Konow as a synonym of Cadiroa Costa, dividing Konow’s genus into Eudelomyia Ashmead and Cadiroa Costa. In this the use of names is wrong. Konow’s genus, as defined by him, may be divided into two subgenera, as follows : (c) Clypeus truncate ; pedicellum shorter than the scape ; hind wings of the female usually with only one ; LES Yee | oe lee ree Caliroa Costa, syn. Endelomyia Ashmead. Clypeus emarginate ; pedicellum subequal in length with the scape ; hind wings of the female usually with only one seal Cell ari. a ea pe tae ae esi sd ah BE OL a INP OIA CS KONOV As these characters are hardly of generic importance, the above two groups should be treated as subgenera. Linneeus (d) describes a sawfly under the name Zenthredo cerasi as follows : ‘“‘Cerasi. 14. TT. antennis septemnodiis, corpore nigro, pedibus luteis. Ae CML: 28S 5. bE Deets Ee. “ Habitat in Cerasi foliis, gue tnvolvit ut mutetur.” “Papers IX, X, XI, XII and the present one may be considered as _ contribu- tions from the Division of Forest Insects, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture. In paper XII, Vol. 42, July, 1910, p. 242, it was stated that a paper on the subgenus Hoplocampa would be used as paper XIII. When the paper was completed it was found that it could be published in a series of technical papers of the Bureau of Entomology, and will appear as such. (a) Genera Insect. fas. 29, 1906, p. 74. (b) Can. ENT., Vol. 39, Oct., 1909, p. 346 and 347. (c) The matter of generic synonymy is treated more fully in a paper to be published shortly by the Bureau of Entomology. (d) System. Nat. Ed. 10a I, 1758, p. 557, n. 14. April, 1941 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —— a This description is very incomplete, but by referring to the figures and account given by Réaumur, which figures and describes the adult and larvee, also the skeletonization of a cherry leaf, there can be but little doubt that this refers to a species of Cadzroa, the description applying very well to the species commonly given as //macina Retzius (e), Degeer (f), who purports to be treating the same species as Réaumur, also figures a species of Ca/iroa. Tenthredo flavipes Schrank (g) may well be considered to be a synonymn of Zenthredo cerast (Linneus). Retzius (h) describes his Zenthredo limacina as follows : “313. Z. dimacina, antennis filiformibus, g-nodiis, nigra, pedibus fuscis, alis nigrescentibus. T. 2, p. 1007, t. 38, f. 16-25. [Referring to Degeer’s writings. | i sCelasl, Hasse No O02 oo From the very description it is evident that Retzius is renaming the Tenthredo cerasi of Linnzeus. Tenthredo (Selandria) cerasorum Dahlbom (i) is a new name for the flylotoma cerasi Fallen, and is not a species of Cadtroa. (j) Tenthredo (Allantus) adumbrata Klug (k) is a synonym of cerasz Linneeus. Selandria atra Stephens (|) is considered by Konow to be asynonym of Cattroa (Eriocampoides) annulipes (Klug), and may be, but it is probable that the Se/andria atra Westwood (m) is not annulipes (Klug), but cerasé (Linnzus). The publication of the description of Zenthredo ( Blennocampa) éthiops Gimmerthai (n) is not available. (e) Herr Konow, Gen. Insect. fas. 29, 1906, p. 127, places cerast Linnzeus as a variety of Zenthredopsis litterata (Fourcory), but this would seem to be in error, as Réaumur’s figure can not apply to a species of Tenthredopsts. (f) Mem. hist. Insect. II (1) 1771, p. 1007, n. 23; T. 38, F. 16-25. (¢) Enum. Insect. Austr., 1781, p. 340, n. 686. (h) “Gen. and-spec. Insect.,-1783,; -p- 73, 1313. (i) Conspect. Tenthred. Scandin., 1835, p. II, n. 142. (j) Rev. Herr Konow places it, apparently correctly, as a synonym of ( Zen- thredo) Aneugmenus stramineipes (Klug). (k) Magaz. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, VIII, 1814, p.64, n-. 36. (1) Itlus. Brit. Mandib., VII, 1835;-p:-52,; 1.30. (m) Gard. Ghron., 1848, p. 524; Entom. Annual, 1862, p. 132. (n) Arbeit. naturf. Ver. Riga. 1 (1), 1847, 4p. 52; mg: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 121} Tenthredo (Selandria) ethiops Eversmann (0) is described as belonging to a group of species having ‘‘a. Area lanceolata petiolata, *Alae postice cellula discoidali carentes,” which does not apply to Caltroa. Monostegia antipopa WW. F. Kirby (p) may well be considered as a synonym of Caliroa ( Eriocampoides) cerast (Linneus) Kirby (q), to the contrary notwithstanding. Examination of the type of Kirby’s species failed to disclose differences other than the venation of the hind wings, which is not reliable. Tenthredo cerasi Peck (r) is, as Dr. MacGillivray has pointed out, a synonym of the Linnean species. The synonymy of this species expressed below will serve to indicate the different names under which the species has been referred to. For a bibliography of the species up to 1894 one may consult Dalla Torre's Catalogus Hymenopterorum, Volume one. Since then a number of authors have referred to this species, and the damage done by it in both the paleearctic region and in Australia, Many of these are merely records of occurrence without much value. Some also reproduce the figures given by Mr. C. L. Marlatt (s). To assure themselves of the identity of their insect, entomologists will do well to consult Dr. MacGillivray’s table (t) to the species of this group, and Marlatt’s figure one. Ca iroa (Eriocampoides) CERASI (Linneus). The common pear slug. Synonyms : Tenthredo flavipes Schrank. = Jamacina Retzius. a (Allantus) adumbrata Klug. x cerast Peck. Selandria atra Westwood (apparently). Monostegia anthipoda W. F. Kirby. THE NAME OF THE TURNIP SAWFLY. Rev. Herr F. W. Konow (a) gives as the name of the turnip sawfly Athalia colibri Christ, 1791, placing as a synonym TZenthredo salicts {o) Bul. Soc: Mouscou, XX, P. 1, 1847, p: 20, n. 1. (p) Tr. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1881, p. 50, n. 81. (q) Ent., Vol. 37, 1904, p. 84. (r) Mass. Agr. Rept., 1799, p. 9. (s) Circ. 26, second series U. S. D. A. Bur. Ent. (t) CAN. ENT., Vol. 39, Oct., 1909, p. 347, etc. (a) Gen. Insect. fas. 29, 1906, p. 93. 122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Schrank, 1781. In Dalla Torre’s Catalogus Hymenopterorum, 1894, p. 152, this species is given as Athalia spinarum (Fabr.) Leach. As Konow has indicated (Gen. Insect. and other references) spzmarum Yabricius is a synonym of co/bri Christ ; but Zenthredo salicis Schrank, 1781, is not the proper name as might be surmised from Konow’s synonymy, because in mentioning TZenthredo salicis Schrank (a) cites as the species he is describing Zenthredo sadicts Linneus, 1761, which is now Pteronus salicis Schrank, therefore, although he did describe a species of Atha/ia, did not establish a valid name in the genus, having only misidentified the Linnean species, Zenthredo salicis. The synonymy of this species would be as follows: ATHALIA COLIBRI (Christ) Konow. Tenthredo salicis Schrank, 1781 (not Linneus, 1761). :; spinarum Fabricius, 1793. Ss centifolie Panzer, 1795. The subspecies and varieties as well as the biography have been omitted. Euura Newman versus CryprocampPus Hartig. The genus Cryftocampus Hartig (b) was published in March, while the genus Huura Newman (c) was published in January. Cryptocampus Hartig must, therefore, fall as a synonym of Luura Newman. ARGE Schrank versus HyLoroma Latreille. Rev. Herr F. W. Konow (d) replaces the generic name Aylotoma Latreille by Avge Schrank with the following words: “ Statt des Gattungs- names /7y/ofoma Latr. muss der oblige altere Name eintreten.” ‘The two names in question were proposed in works dated the same year. W.* Mi Wiheeler Professor J. B. Smith. Dr. H. Skinner. Professor C. J. S. Bethune. Dr. A. D. Hopkins. The annua! public address was given in Handicraft Hall by Prof. F. L. Washburn: ‘The Typhoid Fly in the Minnesota Iron Range.” ALEX. D. MacGIL.ivray, Secretary-Treasurer. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 THE PREPARATORY STAGES OF PHRAGMATOBIA ASSIM- ILANS WALKER, VARIETY FRANCONIA SLOSSON.* * BY ARTHUR GIBSON, OTTAWA, ONT. On May 4, 1909, Mr. Horace Dawson, of Hymers, Ont., forwarded to me some arctian larve which he had found crawling on snow. ‘These larvee, with the exception of two or three, which were parasitized, and four others which died, spun their cocoons and pupated during the journey to Ottawa. Others which Mr. Dawson kept himself were making their cocoons on the above date. The first moth, a male, from the larve sent emerged during the morning of May 21, and I was delighted to see that it was the variety franconta of Phragmatobia assimilans. Before 3 o’clock of the same day another male had emerged, and also a female. Other specimens emerged as follows: one on May 22, one on June 2, one on June 3 and four on June 21. One of the males which emerged on May 21, and the female, which issued the same day, were put in a small wooden box with sides of gauze; this was placed out of doors beneath a large pine tree, and left there for two days, when it was brought into the office and the female transferred to a small wooden pill-box. By May 26 a small batch of eggs was laid, and on May 28 another cluster was de- posited. The eggs were laid side by side, not loosely, as is the habit in A pantesis, and were firmly attached to the side of the pill-box. The first batch comprised 26 eggs, the second 23. From these, 40 larve were obtained, the first specimens hatching on June 2, and the last ones on June 4. The following notes were taken on the egg, larval stages and pupa : £gg.—o.8 mm. in diameter, 0.7 mm. in height ; conoidal, rounded, flattened at base ; creamy-white, shining, reticulated. Stage 7.—Length, 2.5 mm. General appearance dark at first, turning greenish after feeding. Head 0.3 mm. wide, black, shining ; mouth-parts brownish. Thoracic shield dark brown, shining. Tubercles on body large and conspicuous, with exception of 1, which is very small ; all shiny, pale brown in colour, and each bearing a long, slender, slightly barbed hair. No markings on the body. Ventral surface and prolegs whitish, the latter darkened in places. Thoracic feet pale brown. Some of the larvz passed the first moult on June 8, the others soon afte: wards. *Contributions from the Division of Entomology, Oitawa. April, 1911 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Stage 77 —Length just after moulting, 5 mm. General colour dark grayish, turning paler towards end of stage. Head 0.5 mm. wide, black, slightly depressed at vertex. Thoracic shield dark brown. A series of conspicuous reddish blotches now occur on the dorsum, in a line with tubercle i, and also others of the same colour below the lateral tubercles, those near tubercle 11, however, being more intense in colour, almost a blood-red. Tubercles black, shiny, each bearing a bunch of spreading bristles of varying lengths, those from tubercles below the spiracles being pale, almost golden, while those from the dorsal and upper lateral tubercles are black. Spiracles black. Prolegs pale, thoracic feet darkened. A few larve moulted the second time on June 11, others on 12th and 13th. Stage ///.—Length at first, 8 mm. Head 0.9 mm. wide, black, shining. Body darker than in Stage II, caused by the reddish blotches on skin being now of a dull purplish colour, the whole skin being more heavily streaked and blotched than before. Under a lens the greenish ground colour of the skin shows up against the dull purple in the centre of the dorsum as a stripe. The bristles from the tubercles below spiracles are of a pale rusty tinge. Otherwise the larvae are the same as in last stage. Larve moulted for the third time on June 16, 17 and 18. Stage [V.—Head 1.2 mm. wide, black, shiny, as in previous stages. The larve now differ in the blotches on the skin being darker, some specimens having a pale dorsal stripe, and the bristles from all the tubercles being of a pale rusty colour. Length at end of stage, when at rest, 15 mm. Larve moulted again on June 21, 22 and 23. Stage V.—Length just after moulting and at rest, 15 mm. Head 2.0 to 2.2 mm. wide, rounded, somewhat quadrate, depressed at vertex ; black, shiny, brownish patch on cheek above ocelli. The skin is of a uniform dull purplish colour, paler around the tubercles, which are dull blackish. Tubercles, with exception of ventral series, large ; i slightly smaller than liand ii. Bristles from tubercles stout, conspicuously barbed, of a dull rusty or mouse-colour, those below the spiracles being brighter. The pale dorsal stripe present in some specimens in Stage IV is only visible now just after moulting. Spiracles cream-coloured, ringed with black. Thoracic feet black, shining ; prolegs, upper half concolorous with venter, lower half pale. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 127 Soon after the larve reached this stage they stopped feeding, and within a week all had died. No disease could be detected among them. They simply refused all food offered them, and acted as if they wanted to hibernate. The heads of the four larve mentioned above, which died during their journey to Ottawa, measure 2.2 mm., 2.2 mm., 2.3 mm. and 2.3 mm., respectively, the same width as those of Stage V. Mr. Dawson informs me that these larvee winter full fed ; he has watched them closely, and has never seen them eat anything in spring. He has on several occasions found them crawling on snow in March and April, looking for a place to pupate. Cocoon.—The cocoons of the larve first received were spun among some leaves and moss in the box in which they were sent. The cocoon is thin, but not so slight as in Afantesis, the pupa being readily seen within. It is simply a light network of whitish silk, to which has been attached many of the hairs from the larva. Pupa.—Length, 14-15.5 mm.; width at widest part 5.5 mm.; black, shining; folds ofabdomen bright reddish-yellow ; abdomen bears, sparsely, short thick hairs. Spiracles black. Cremaster round, reddish, shiny, terminating in a bunch of about eight straight, stout, reddish-brown, capitate bristles of varying lengths. Food-plant.—Mr. Dawson tells me that he thinks the larve feed ona species of Lungwort, JZertensia. Those which I obtained from eggs were fed on dandelion and plantain. Parasites.—Two or three of the mature larve received had been attacked by a Tachinid. Within a day or two after their arrival at Ottawa the puparia emerged, and later three flies, one of which has been identified by Mr. W. D. Coquillett as Exorista chelonte Rond. Mr. H. H. Lyman, of Montreal, also received some larve from Mr. Dawson, and he has kindly sent me the following notes, which I am glad to include here : “Larve of Phragmatobia assimilans Walk., var. franconta Slosson, received from Mr. Horace Dawson, Hymers, Ont., Nov. 20, 1909. “Of the usual ‘woolly-bear’ type (and in two stages), head somewhat quadrate, rounded at corners, not bilobed, smooth and shining, dark brown or blackish, with a few brown hairs. Body dark sooty-brown, somewhat foxy towards the ventral surface. Feet blackish, prolegs or claspers light brown. No bands discernible on dorsum. 128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. “Two or three were in a later stage, having apparently moulted ahead of the others. These showed a strongly-marked dorsal band of dull orange, The hairs were of varying lengths, not of the close-cropped form of the previous stage, and more radiating from the warts in appearance. The hairs on dorsal surface were blacker than in previous stage, those towards venter more foxy. Feet and claspers light brown.” Towards the end of May, 1910, Mr. Lyman wrote saying that he had succeeded in carrying some of the larvee over the winter, from which he obtained five of the moths. When the Jarve came out of hibernation, Mr. Lyman offered them everything he could think of in the way of fodder, but this they refused, and spun up very soon. All of the specimens of this moth which I have seen (about 25, including 10 which I reared) are similar in appearance, excepting that the females are darker and smaller, 3o-—32 mm. in expanse (the males being 33-38 mm. in expanse). The figure accompanying Mrs. Slosson’s original description* is very good, but the band on the secondaries in ail of the specimens before me (11 males and 3 females) is marginal, not submarginal as in the description, with the exception of one male, in which the band is nearly wholly marginal. This band, too, is much wider in our specimens than in the figure above referred to. I have never seen typical Phragmatobia assimilans from Canada, all of the specimens examined by me being the form known as the variety Sranconta. Distribution in Canada.—In addition to the specimens reared from larve received from Hymers, Ont., and adults taken there by Mr. Dawson, the writer has records of specimens collected at Sudbury, Ont. (J. D. Evans) ; Ottawa, June 3 (A. Gibson); Ottawa, May 24 (A. Nicholls) ; Montmorency Falls, Que., June 14 (A. R. M. Boulton) ; Lake Beauport, Que., June 23 (A. R. M. Boulton) ; Meach Lake, Que., May 16, 17 (C. H. Young). FOUR NEW SPECIES OF ASILID:. BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST FALLS CHURCH, VIRGINIA. Ommatius maculatus, N. Sp. Face with white pubescence and long white hair below, dense white hair behind mouth-parts ; antennz all blackish ; thorax black, shining, a grayish-white stripe each side, wider at ends, a cross-mark from middle of each stripe to the margin, and the lower lateral margins grayish-white, so *Entomolo ical News, March, 18o1. § ) ’ 9 April, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 that the thorax above shows a long shining black median stripe and two shining black spots on each side; scutellum gray-white ; pleura black, gray pollinose ; cox black, front ones white pollinose, and front and middle coxz with white hair at tips; legs reddish-yellow, front and middle femora mostly black, but pale at base, hind femora black on apical half, | tibiz black at tips, and the tarsi mostly black above, femora shining, all with white hairs and bristles, but black bristles on tarsi and tips of tibie, hind femora with short, white, spine-like bristles beneath, all bristles on hind tibie very short, but little longer than the width of the joint. Abdomen dull blackish, with short, sparse white hair, tips of segment gray ; hypopygium reddish. The large bristles on sides of thorax are yellowish ; the wings hyaline ; venation black, the costa and radius near the middle a trifle heavier and deep black, but not swollen. Length, 10 mm. From Bill Williams’ Fork, Arizona, August (Snow). Ommatius pretiosus, N. sp. Face white pollinose, with long white hair below and a few longer black ones, white hair behind mouth-parts; second joint of antennz reddish, rest blackish ; thorax dull blackish, a large whitish pollinose spot each side in front, and one behind over the base of wing, and narrowly connected to the anterior spot ; behind whitish pollinose, also over the scutellum and on each side metathorax ; pleura grayish pollinose ; legs yellowish, with long white hair and some black bristles, a black spot each side at tips of femora, and the tips of tibie (especially the hind pair) darker, hind trochanters black, and in male the hind femora have a broad black band nearly covering the entire joint, in female only a long black streak above. Abdomen reddish-yellow, base black, and the apical seg- ments infuscated, in female the base is only black-marked above. Wings grayish fumose, scarcely darker on tip, venation black, margin not swollen. The large bristles each side on thorax are black. The hind femora have no spine-like bristles beneath in the male, but in the female there are stiff black bristles beneath on basal half of hind femora ; the hind tibie has one very long bristle above near base and several beyond the middle, one of these also very long ; there are three pairs of long bristles beneath the metatarsi. Length, 13 mm. From Palmerlee, Arizona, July (Biederman). 130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, Mallophora fulva, wv. sp. Closely related to AZ. orcina, but distinguished as follows ; No black hair on sides of face, the scutellum and abdomen with fulvous (instead of pale yellowish) hair, and no white hair (all black) on the last joint of the _hind tarsi ; the bristles in tront of the halteres are pale yellowish (black in M. orcina), and there are a few yellowish hairs at base of the wings. The facial tubercle (seen from the side) slopes off more gradually above than in AZ. orcina. From Palmerlee, Arizona, Sept. (Biederman), Laphria dispar, n. sp. Face with dull tawny pubescence, long black hair below with a few yellow ones, and black hairs around base of antenne, behind mouth-parts and cheeks white hair, while that on occiput and vertex is black ; thorax black, with black hair, a denser tuft on the humert, and long black bristles on the sides ; long erect hair on the scutellum ; some short tawny hairs at tip of the mesothorax ; the row in front of halteres mostly white, but the upper ones are black ; pleura black. Legs black, anterior coxz densely long white-haired, also some on the middle coxe, front and middle femora, and tibie with long white hair, as the middle tibize with two outer rows of long black ee ee cic bristles, tarsi with black bristles, hind femora and tibiz with pale hair on basal part, rest blackish, about four or five curved bristles on outer side of hind tibiz, each about twice as long as the width of the joint. Abdomen black, with fulvous hair on apical parts of segments, denser at the outer angies, and more on apical segments than on basal ones, apicals frequently covered with fulvous hair ; hypopygium black ; wings hyaline, tinged with darker, especially on the apical half ; venation blackish. A female has the abdomen more densely fulvous-haired, and the dorsum of thorax with fulvous hair. Length, 13 to 15 mm. From Ithaca, N. Y., July ; cotypes from Hecton Mills, Penna., May ard June (coll. Walton). This species has been mixed with Z. sericea, but the genitalia of the male are very different ; Z. sexicea has more yellowish hair on the face, etc. It differs from Z. eatus in absence of tawny hair on chest, in black abdomen, absence of white fringe at base of abdomen, etc. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 13] SOME NEW BEES FROM FLOWERS OF CACTACE. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. Melissodes opuntiella, n. sp. f.—Length about 9 mm.; black, with white hair, that on head and thorax all white, without any ochraceous or fuscous ; head broad ; clypeus pale yellow, with the usual spots, and the lower margin rather broadly piceous or reddish ; mandibles with a large yellow spot ; labrum entirely black, with white hair ; scape short, black ; flagellum very broadly bright orange-fulvous beneath, unusually short for a JZe/issodes, reaching only to about middle of scutellum; mesothorax and scutellum shining, with scattered small but distinct punctures ; tegulee testaceous, with white hair ; wings clear, nervures dusky ferruginous ; legs black, with dull ferruginous tarsi ; hair of legs white, ferruginous on inner side of basitarsi; abdomen finely punctured, the hind margins of the segments broadly hyaline, and with dull white hair-bands ; last two segments with short but evident lateral teeth. Not unlike the Mexican JZ. ofomita Cresson, but with the face broader, the antenne shorter (especially the apical joints), and the mesothorax and scutellum more finely and sparsely punctured. ?.—Length about 1o mm.; clypeus black, closely punctured ; eyes green ; flagellum short, bright ferruginous beneath beyond the second joint ; hair of head and thorax white, without dark, as in the male; first abdominal segment with a patch of white hair at each posterior corner, second with a dense basal hair-band and a broader apical one, both straight and uniform ; third and fourth also with broad white apical hair- bands, third with grayish-white tomentum basally ; fifth and sixth with the hair entirely dark chocolate ; scopa of hind legs loose, plumose, adapted for carrying the large pollen of the Opuzatza, hair on inner side of hind basitarsi ferruginous. Hab.— Brownsville, Texas, at flowers of Opuntia lindheimeri, both sexes, March 23, 1908 (Jones and Pratt); Hondo, Texas, at flowers of Opuntia, male, April 30, 1908 (Jf. D. Mitchell); Cotulla, Texas, at Opuntia, female, May 5, 1905 (/. C. Crawford). The type is a male from Brownsville. In my tables in Trans, Amer. Ent. Soc., 1906, the male runs to JZ. snowi, which has the flagellum more than twice as long. The female runs nearest to JV. ¢epaneca, a much larger species, with fulvous hair on thorax. It really much resembles the female of JZ. spheralcee@ Ckll., though the latter has dark hair on the thorax above. April, 1911 132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ashmeadiella echinocerei, n. sp. 2?.—Length about 5% mm.; black, with white hair, yellowish on inner side of tarsi; legs black ; tegule shining piceous. Similar to 7. cactorum Ckll., but distinguished by its narrow face (facial quadrangle much longer than broad), densely punctured mesothorax and strongly punctured abdomen. The eyes are broader in proportion to their length. As it is rather difficult to appreciate these characters without specimens of cactorum to compare, I give measurements : Length to breadth of facial quadrangle as 85 to 72. Length to breadth of eye as 85 to 42. Hab.—F lagstaff, Arizona, at flowers of Echinocereus, June 12, 1909 (HEC, £rait?. Diadasta piercei, n. sp. Like D. afflicta (Cresson), but a little larger, the legs dark ferrugi- nous, and the area of metathorax dullish, microscopically sculptured, not smooth and brilliantly shining as in afficta. Female with abdomen very broad (considerably broader than in afficta), with the sooty-brown scopa of hind legs very long and loose. Tegule in both sexes rich ferruginous ; male with the hair on disc of second abdominal segment not wholly pale. The end of the male abdomen is formed as in D. ufficta, not asin D. bituberculata. D. australis opuntie often has the scopa of hind legs as dark as in frercez, but then it has the hair at the apex of the abdomen tawny-fulvous, not chccolate as in pzercez. The second submarginal cell in pzervcet is narrow and parallel-sided. /fab.—Corpus Christi, Texas, at flowers of Opuntia, March 18, 1908, one male=type (W. D. Pierce) ; Beeville, Texas, at Opuntia, April 30, 1896, 4¢’s, 19 (Marlatt). A species of the Lower Austral Zone. SWERINTILOS CERISYT KiRBY. Mr. Wolley Dod’s interesting note in the March number has caused me to look up the name of this species. In Kirby’s ‘Fauna Boreali- Americana : Insecta,” p. 301, there is a description given of his species which he names ‘‘Swerinthus cerisyi, Cerisy’s Smerinthus.” Unfortu- nately, in Smith’s and Dyar’s lists the name is incorrectly given as ‘“cerysiv.” The species is evidently named after a Mr. Cerisy, who probably was one of Sir John Robertson’s party that collected the insects described by Mr. Kirby. It is to be hoped that the name will be correctly given in any future lists that are published.—[C. J. S. BerHUNE. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 133 ee ______"*" AN EGG-PARASITE OF THE CODLING MOTH BELONGING TO THE FAMILY MYMARIDZ. BY A, A. GIRAULT, URBANA, ILL. The following Mymarid, described years ago, is a parasite of the eggs of the codling moth in Georgia. The record is without a sponsor, as explained beyond, but otherwise I see no reason for not accepting it. Originally the species was described asa parasite of Lepidosaphes ulmi Linneus. I add the following descriptive notes, so that it may be the more easily recognized : Anaphes gracilis Howard. Female.—Length, 0.65 mm. Moderately small in size for the genus ; visible to the naked eye. General colour black, suffused with some yellowish ; base of abdomen contrasting, yellowish ; coxz, trochanters, all tarsal joints, cephalic tibie, both ends of cephalic femora pallid lemon-yellow ; the antennz, venation, cephalic femora, femora and tibiz of other legs about neutral or dusky- grayish ; antennal pedicel somewhat lighter and more yellowish. Eyes dark. Wings subhyaline, slightly fumated proximad and along the distal half of the blade. Body moderately slender, the abdomen as long as the head and thorax combined, conic-ovate, pointed distad, the ovipositor distinctly exserted, but not very much so, the exserted portion not as long, for instance, as the proximal tarsal joint of the caudal legs. Fore wings usual in shape to the genus, moderate in width, widest just before the apex, the latter dome-shaped, the marginal fringes long, the longest disto-caudad, slightly longer than the greatest width of the blade and distinctly longer than the longest cilia of the posterior wing, but not very much longer. Discal ciliation of the fore wing rather sparse, absent in the proximal two-thirds of the wing and consisting of about seven or eight short lines in the distal part of the blade. Posterior wings with a single longitudinal line of discal cilia, the lines usually along each edge absent apparently. Legs normal, the proximal tarsal joint longer than the other three, but not especially long ; tibial spurs single. Antenne g-jointed, not normal ; scape as long as the pedicel and first three funicle joints combined or longer, curved, as long as the club, Pedicel obconic, stout, as long, or nearly, as the next three joints taken together. Funicle with the joints gradually widening distad, the proximal April, 1911 134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. joints subquadrate, small, the first funicle joint smallest, joint six largest, four times Or more larger than the first ; all funicle joints short, the distal joint alone longer than wide ; funicles two and three subequal, four and five subequal, the latter twice the size of the former, each taken separately, six over twice longer than four or five. Club long, accuminate-ovate, as long as the whole funicle, or very nearly, subequal to the scape; obtusely pointed. From two specimens, 24-inch objective, 1-inch optic (Bausch and Lomb. ) Male.—Unknown. A species unique for this group because of its antennal structure. (See the figure in its original description.) Black, with a yellowish band about the base of the abdomen. Described from a single female specimen found in the collections of the United States National Museum, Washington, D.C., labelled “Ex ovo Codling Moth, Tallapoosa, Ga.” Remounted in balsam from a tag. Also another specimen captured on the window of an old pig-shed on a farm at Centralia, Illinois, August 25, r910 (A. A. Girault). The species must be widely distributed in the United States. Habitat: United States—Tallapoosa, Georgia ; Centralia, Illinois ; Washington, D. C. There is a specimen in the U.S. National Museum collection and one in the collections of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. (Accession No. 42,221.) MIASTOR LARV:. These remarkably interesting larvae, reproduced by pedogenesis, are available for laboratory work to a marked degree and must be widely distributed as well as allied forms. Very little is known concerning American species, largely because their habitat is one rarely explored by entomologists. They breed mostly in decaying vegetable matter. We have been very successful in finding them under partially decayed chestnut bark of stumps, fence rails and sleepers which have been cut one or two years earlier. European species have been observed under the bark of a variety of trees and even in sugar-beet residue. These Dipterous maggots with diverging antennz have a flattened, triangular head, quite different from the strongly-convex, usually fuscous head of the Sciara larvz occur- ring in a similar environment. They have a length of from 1/20 to 1/8 of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1s) an inch, and may be found in colonies containing a few large, white larve with numerous smaller, yellowish individuals, though the latter appear more common at the present time. Early spring, with its abundance of moist bark, appears to be the most favorable season for finding the larve. The writer would welcome the co-operation of entomologists and others in searching for these forms in different parts of the country. He will be pleased to determine specimens found under various conditions, make rearings therefrom if possible, and thus add to our knowledge of the sub- family Heteropezinz, a group which should be fairly abundant in North America, and one deserving careful study.—[E. P. Fett, Albany, N.Y. GNORIMOSCHEMA GALLADIPLOPAPFI FYLES AND “GNORIMOSCHEMA GALLAZASTERELLA KELLICOTT. BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, HULL, P. Q. In the report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for the year 1890, on page 18, and in a paper entitled “‘A Day in the Woods,” I described a Gelechian which produced galls on Diplopappus umbellatus (‘Torrey and Gray) ; and I said of the species: ‘‘These moths differ con- siderably from those figured and described by Mr. Kellicott in Vol. X, Can. Ent., p. 201, and from those described by Mr. Riley in the First Missouri Report, p. 172. -I would suggest for them the name Ge/echia gallediplopappt.” After 20 years, through the favour of Mr. A. Cosens, of Toronto, I have the pleasure and satisfaction of beholding, for the first time, a speci- men of Kellicott’s moth—of the species certified to be such by Mr. Busck, of Washington. I find that Keilicott’s description of his moth is very accurate, and that the drawing he gives conveys a fair idea of it. I now re-assert, with all confidence, ‘““These moths (those of G. gallediplopappt) differ considerably from those figured and described by Mr. Kellicott in Vol. X, Can. ENT., p. 201,” etc. And I maintain that the name I suggested for the species I discovered is, in all fairness, entitled to stand, and should not be relegated to a synonymy. I am not alone in this opinion. On December 24th, 1907, Mr. W. D. Kearfott wrote to me: “Your package with the two moths, also letter and drawings, were safely received Saturday. There is no question that your species is most distinctly different from Kellicott’s.” April, 1911 136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. On March rrth, 1909, our late friend, Dr. Brodie, wrote to me: “I have always been under the impression that your described species was distinct from the many lepidopterous gall-producers. And I was surprised to see that Dyar* gives it as a synonym. In this particular I agree with Kearfott and yourself.” For those who have not looked into the matter, it may be well for me to particularize some of the points of difference in the appearance and habits of the two species under con- sideration. DIFFERENCES IN Ap- PEARANCE.—In G. galle- astere/la the prevailing tone is white — white thorax ; white fore wings, having ‘‘a brown patch occupying the costal half of the middle third” of the wing. Fore wings and their fringes much spotted. In G. gallediplopappi the prevailing hue is deep Indian red—thorax red ; fore wing red, with a pale divided fascia near the hind margin ; unspotted on wing and cilia. Be C In . FooD - PLANTS. — Fic. 6.—Gnorimoschema Ea ee eee . : A.—Gall on Diplopappus umbellatus (x2 Dr. Brodie pointed out B.— Gall epenc to show chrysalis on its mattress. —Larva greatly enlarged. that the gall figured by Kellicott is not one on Aster corymbosus, but one on Solidago latifolia (Can. Enr., Vol. X LI, p.75): Mr. A. Cosens writes: “The moth G. astered/a Kell.-produces galls which are locally abundant on S. Zatifo/ia L., but are found very rarely on S. caesia, var, axillaris Gray” (CAN. Ent., Vol. XLII, p. 372). “Dyar’s List, No. 5621. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 Mr. August Busck writes, the species ‘would seem to infest both Aster and Solidago” (Can. Ent., Vol. XLII, p. 6). On the other hand, G. ga/lediplopappi affects that tall and sturdy plant, Diplopappus umbellatus Torrey and Gray. I found it every season during my stay at Levis on this plant, and never on any other. For 27 years I searched the Golden-rods around Quebec, hoping to find Riley’s G. gallesolidaginis ; but the only lepidopterous gail I found upon them was that of Hucosma scudderiana Clemens. Neither Riley’s moth nor Kellicotvs appeared in the district. In Hapits or THE Lanv&.—From Kellicott’s account it appears that G. galleasterella forms its galls ‘‘a few inches above the ground, the terminal bud developing very little after the larva begins operations.” The larva fills the way of exit for the moth ‘‘with a closely-fitting plug of silk.” * * * “It then lines the interior with silk and soon changes to a chrysalis” (Can. EntT., Vol. X, p. 204). G. gallediplopappi forms its gall a foot to two feet above the ground, and the growth above it is unaffected. The larva, when full-fed, spins a slight web above its droppings and directly across the gall, and on this it changes to a chrysalis. I have opened dozens of the galls, and never found one lined with silk, nor one with the way of exit closed with a plug. The moths that came from these galls were always true to the type. In the Annual Report of the Ent. Soc. of Ont. for 1903. page 71, will be found an account and illustrations of two dire foes of G. galleaip- lopappi, viz. Bracon furtivus Fyles and Trychosis tunicula-rubra Fyles. Both of these insects were declarei to be new and good species by Dr. Ashmead, of Washington. DESCRIPTION OF Av NEW SPECIES OF. ORTHOPTERA FROM TEXAS. BY A. N.. CAUDELL, WASHINGTON, D. C. Stipator mitchelli, n. sp-— 3 (2 unknown). Allied to S. haldemanit and grandis, but more heavily built than either of posers species. The shape of the cerci of the male is as in Zaldemanit. Head moderate, no broader than the anterior portion of the pronotum, into which it is deeply set; fastigium of the vertex about one-third as broad as the interocular space; front broadly rounded ; eyes medium in size and prominence, a little longer than broad ; antennz long and slender, April 1911 138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. much longer than the body. Pronotum large and posteriorly considerably produced over the base of the abdomen, lateral lobes well developed, but not so deep as long, nearly vertical, the posterior margin distinctly sinuous; lateral and median carine wholly absent except posteriorly, where the median carina is very indistinctly present; anterior margin truncate, posterior margin rounded. _Prosternal spines moderate. Organs of flight wholly concealed. Legs long and stout ; anterior tibie armed above on the outer margin with three spines, except on the right leg, where there are four, the inner margin armed with two spines ;* posterior femora more than twice as long as the pronotum, and much swollen on the basal two-thirds, armed beneath along the middle of the inner carina with several small black teeth. Plantule of the posterior tarsi short, scarcely half as long as the basal segment of the tarsus. Abdomen large and plump; cerci (fig. 7) about three times as long as broad, very slightly curved inwardly, the shaft nearly cylindrical, apically somewhat flattened, and near the tip with a large triangular tooth, the tooth larger and longer than the apical portion of the cercus and pete ae ee of similar shape, giving the general appearance of the eerie eas ACCICMS being forked, as shown by the accompanying figure, Last abdominal segment notched, the angles no longer than broad. General colour green, with pronotum dorsally marked with fuscous posteriorly ; the lateral lobes are narrowly bordered with black posteriorly. Measurements.—Length of pronotum, 12 mm.: posterior femora, 26 mm.; cercr, 2 mm: Type.—(Cat. U.S. Nat. Mus., No. 13444); Hondo, Texas, March 30, 1908, eating petals of Opuntia flowers. (J. D. Mitcheli, collector.) BOOK NOTICES. DiprerA Danica.—Genera and species of flies hitherto found in Denmark. Part III, Empidide. By William Lundbeck; 335 pp, 141 figs. (Copenhagen, G. E. C. Gad; London, Wm.-Wesley & Son.) Nov., fQLO% $3525. Al:hough among the 164 species of Empididee described in the present volume there are not many which are also found in North America, no student of this Order can afford to be without this valuable *Probably variable, as in haldemantz. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 139 work on the Diptera of Denmark. The first part, which treated of the Stratiomyide, Xylophagide, Ccenomylide, Tabanide, Leptididee and Acroceridz, appeared in 1907; the second part dealt with the families Asilide, Bombylidze, Thereoidz and Scenopinide, appeared in the follow- ing year, and the present volume forms the third part. The work is being published in both the Danish and English languages. The method of treatment of each species is similar to that adopted by Schiner in the “Fauna Austriaca,” though in many cases it is fuller, especially where bionomic notes are available. The illustrations of anatomical features of value in the determination of the species, and in many cases of the larve, greatly increase the value of the monograph. The author follows Brauer’s classification, as given in the “Katalog der palaarktischen Dipteren von Becker, Bezzi, Kertesz und Stein.” The family of Empidide is a large one; about 440 species are recorded from North America and about 675 species from the palearctc region ; Ir species are recorded as common to both regions. These dark, gray or yellowish flies of a medium to a very small size are generally characterized by their somewhat small, more or less globular head and slender bodies. Many species, especially belonging to the genera Empis and Rhamphomyia, are seen dancing in swarms over water and in other places. The phenomena connected with these dances, which are of an amorous nature, are of great interest. Copulation takes place in the air, and in many of the species one may see the males capture a small insect, which, instead of devouring, they carry to the females, and copulation takes place while the female is engaged in eating this love offering. The physiological bearing of these phenomena is not known, but it is certainly worthy of investigation, as in the case of many other insects, such as certain mosquitoes, Hemiptera and Orthoptera, where feeding and reproduction bear a close relationship. As in the case of the adults, the larvee are carnivorous and live in the earth, below leaves, in decaying wood and similar damp and wet situations. Little is known, however, concerning the life-histories of the Empids, but, as a group, they present problems of great interest to the entomologist.—C. GorDON HEwiIrtr. CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE BARK-WEEVILS OF THE Genus Pissoprs. By A. D. Hopkins. (Technical Series, No. 20, Part I, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Dept. Agriculture.) This is the first part of a bulletin to be entitled ‘‘Technical Papers on Miscellaneous Forest Insects,” and is modelled on much the same pian 140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. as the author’s admirable Monograph of the genus Dendroctonus, which appeared in 1909. The more general part of the paper contains a valuable account of the taxonomy of the genus, including a full description of the external anatomy of the adults, certain features of the internal anatomy and the characters of the earlier stages. It also contains a brief account of the general habits, life-history and distribution of the genus. Following this is a detailed account of the North American species, which includes, in addition to a key to the species, synopsis of adult, pupal, larval, and primary and secondary sexual characters, tables of distribution, host trees, etc. Thirty species are recognized, of which twenty-three are described as new. These are fully illustrated by twenty-two plates and nine text figures. As but little has been hitherto known of this important group of enemies of coniferous trees, Dr. Hopkins’ masterly work will be eagerly welcomed by all students of forest entomology. DR. WILLIAM SAUNDERS, ELD ComMeG: The older readers of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST will receive with deep regret the announcement that Dr. Saunders has found it necessary to retire from the position of Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion, which he has held for the last five-and-twenty years. Owing to advanced age and the disabilities consequent upon it, Dr. Saunders has resigned, to take effect on the 31st of March. He intends to make a holiday tour in Europe, leaving at the beginning of May. This will be the first real holiday that he has taken since he entered upon his duties at Ottawa in 1886. For thirteen years Dr. Saunders was editor of this magazine, and is therefore widely known amongst entomologists, as well as by his published works on the subject. He has the satisfaction of knowing that he has built up a chain of experimental farms reaching from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and that the whole organization is so complete and in such excel- lent order that it will not require anything like the same labour and difficuity in the case of his successor. There are very few men anywhere who could have undertaken and so thoroughly carried out such a work, as the whole organization had to be originated and brought into working order by his efforts and constant supervision. All his friends throughout Canada and the United States will join in hearty congratulations to Dr. Saunders on the completion of his immense task and in expressing the hope that he may live many years to enjoy the rest and recreation which he has so thoroughly earned.—[C. J.S. B. Mailed April 8th, rg1t. CAN. ENT., (WoO. ALE PLATE |, FIGS. |, Il, Il and IV. FIG, V. MITES HNFESTING: “HORNA: Che F anauliay Bantomologist VoL. XLITI. LONDON, MAY, rort. No.5 OBSERVATIONS ON MITES INFESTING THE HORN. FLY, HAMATOBIA SERRATA ROB. DESV. BY DR. SEYMOUR HADWEN, OTTAWA, ONT. The mites were first observed on July 3rd at Duncans, British Columbia. My attention was drawn to them by seeing several specimens of Hematobia serrata Rob. Desv., which appeared to have been powdered with brick-dust ; on looking more closely I found that they were heavily infested with mites. Out of 118 flies captured I found 94 infested with mites, but as mites were seen travelling from one dead fly to another it was difficult to arrive at a positive determination. This estimate was made with the aid of a hand lens ; the number found on each fly varied ; some had 4, 5, others were covered. Later I found the mites in other parts of British Columbia. This occurrence, coupled with the fact that A serrata does not seem to have been such a serious pest during the past summer (1910), as it usually is, suggests to my mind that the mite may prove to be detrimental to the fly. On one farm I visited frequently during the summer, who the owner had been spraying his cattle said that the spraying had diminished the number of flies. He was asked to stop spraying for a time, and no apparent increase was noted. On communicating with Mr. N. Criddle, of Treesbank, Manitoba, I learned that HZ. serrata in that locality did not appear to be infested with mites. : Some living infested flies were shipped to Mr. Criddle, but arrived dried up and dead. No further attempt was made to try and infect clean flies in a new locality. The introduction of A. serrata into British Columbia dates back some years. I find a record of a specimen taken by Miss Ricardo at Vernon in July, rgo2. 142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. According to Dr. Rutherford, the fly was first recorded as a serious pest in Ontario about twenty years ago, from whence it spread to other parts of the Dominion. In reading Austen’s British Blood-sucking Flies, 1906, I note the following: ‘In the British Isles this (LZ. ¢rritans= H. serrata) seems to . be an uncommon pest” (Lieut.-Colonel Yerbury). This statement appears to me to be significant, and I am convinced that it is worthy of further investigation. In the course of the summer two other flies were found infested with mites, one a Sand Fly, Ceratopogon sp.?, the other I cannot name; it annoys cattle, however, by sucking up the serum which exudes from the wounds made by other flies. The Sand Fly has been scarce this summer, but as in the case of the Horn Fly, further evidence is needed to see if other influences rather than the mites were not the cause of their diminu- tion In numbers. I am indebted to Dr. J. G. Rutherford, C.M.G., Veterinary Director- General, for permission to publish this note. EXPLANATION OF FiGuRES ILLUSTRATING Dr. HADWEN’S PAPER. Figs. i, 11 and ili.— Pigmeophorus americanus Banks. Fig. iv.i—Tyroglyphid Hypopus. Fig. v.—P. americanus on H. serrata. (Original photographs by S. H.) Note on Dr. Seymour Hadwen’s Paper.—The Horn Fly, Hematobia serrata Rob. Desv., was first recorded in Canada in the summer of 1892, when it caused considerable alarm in Ontario and Quebec. ‘The species of mite infesting 4. servata has been kindly identified by Dr. Nathan Banks as Pigmeophorus americanus Banks. He informs me that this mite, which belongs to the family Tarsonemide, has been previously found in the Western U. S. on a fly of the family Platypezide. This species is illustrated in the accompanying figures i, 11 and ii. Fig. iv, which was occasionally found, is the Hypopal stage of a Tyroglyphid mite, which is using the fly as a means of transportation. ‘The relation of these mites to the flies upon which they are found is not always that ofa parasite ; sometimes they may feed, and in other instances the fly is merely acting as a disseminating agent. I have occasionally found certain Gamasid mites, truly parasitic, on dipterous insects.--C. Gorpon HeEwirv. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALBERTA. (Continued from Vol. XL, p. 193, June, 1908.) During the course of studies at my own and various other collec- tions, I have paid far more attention to variation in colour and maculation than to structural characters upon which “Genera” are based. I am strongly of opinion that by far too little importance is usually attached to these characters in articles published on Lepidoptera on this Continent. I have no wish to under-rate the value of many structural characters in showing the relationship and phylogeny of forms. But though, theoreti- cally, a tabulated key of genera should enable a student to identify an unknown species with far greater ease than where no such key exists, it is a deplorable fact that I have noticed some far worse mixtures of species, and often of very distinct genera, in collections owned or supervised by systematists, than in many of those of collectors who make no pretense of studying generic characters at all. It may be asked, ‘‘How can I prove it?” Iocan at present only offer the dried specimens themselves as evi- dence, it is true, and in the knowledge of many very variable species there can be no such thing as certainty, except by careful breeding from known parents. But in the case of little varying forms, there is such a thing as knowing a species by sight, and suggested errors have in very many instances been borne out by non-related, or at least admittedly disasso- ciated points of structure. This state of affairs is, it seems, due to several causes. Nowadays, unless a student classifies by structure and dissects, and publishes articles on these lines, his work is not considered of much value. It is too ele- mentary! Systematic work unquestionably is of high value, but close attention to such limits the time necessary for familiarization with the species separated by its aid. Then again, most of these systematic workers direct their attentions to so many different families or orders that their knowledge becomes too general. And another reason, perhaps coincident with and resulting from both the foregoing, may be that, once their system is laid down, their work is too hasty. ~ Frequently in looking over other collections I have been struck by the small amount of material exposed for study, even where much more was really available. It is obvious that lack of both time and space has often been the reason for that, but it, nevertheless, suggests that variation is not studied as it might be. One notable exception was in the American May, 1911 144 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Museum of Natural History, where many and even little varying species are to be seen in long series, sometimes from one locality. Some may think that such is a waste of space, but there is this to be said in its favour, that whereas a long and picked series of one species, from one locality or many, may indicate to what extent it varies, a long series of another may indicate that that varies but little at all. It has been admitted by many men of science that, at any rate, a very large number of so-called ‘‘zenera” are purely conventional terms, for the mere convenience of the student. As an instance, let me go back twenty- one years and quote Prof. Smith’s words in Bulletin No. 38,* U.S. N. M., page 6: ‘I had at one time the strong conviction that genera were natural assemblages, capable of strict limitation, and definite in extent. The study of a very large material since that time has convinced me that my first impression was erroneous, that genera as such are mere artificial divisions of convenience, useful for the purpose of identification, and for the expression of relationship, and that they were useful for that purpose just in proportion as they expressed clear and definite association of characters. . . . . , The limits to which generic division may be carried will depend entirely upon the tact and individual propensities of an author, and in a large part also upon the tendency of the time at which he is writing. After a period of wild generic creation, there comes usually a reaction, in which lumping Is carried to an extreme, and this is true as to species as well as genera.” Yes, and through it all the species remain the same. Like Br’er Rabbit, they ‘lie low and keep on sayin’ nuffin’ !” Yet generic division is apt to be looked upon as the acme of science, to say nothing of the designation of certain forms as ‘‘ new species,” without the least idea of the extent of their variation, or the character or sum of characters which, through their sundry phases of variation, may present evidence that they are alien from their allies, or at any rate from forms from which they are assumed to differ biologically. Too much is taken for granted. ‘Too much Is stated as fact that is really pure speculation, without evidence being brought forward in support of the hypothesis. It seems to me that he is just as true a student of nature who is constantly testing those facts and bringing all available evidence to bear upon them, not from one point of view alone, but from all the various sources from which it may be drawn. “Revision of Agrotis. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 145 The subject of basing specific distinctions upon slight differences of of genitalic structure, affords too wide a field to be dealt with by more than a brief remark in this article. There are many who claim, and probably few are in a position to dispute, that certain portions of the reproductive organs show greater stability than any other organs or charac- ters in lepidoptera and other insects. Yet there are, I believe, none who will claim that they never vary at all in aspecies. Carefully prepared and figured organs may be, doubtless are, very highly valuable as evidence in support of or against suppositions as to unity or distinctness of species. But, ‘admitting that they can and often do vary, why should their exponents expect others to take it for granted that differences shown do not intergrade, or to prove that they do intergrade, without themselves proffering evidence to support their hypothesis that they do not? This seems the more strange when the differences claimed to denote distinctness are between forms occurring, not side by side, but in different parts of the country, it may be on opposite sides of the continent. In other words, whilst the exponents of genitalia freely admit variation up to a certain point in one locality, and even show figures donating such variation, why should they disallow that variation may exist to the point of dif- ferences shown between races inhabiting widely different regions ? The regions intervening seem to be left out of account altogether. In the following articles I have, to facilitate reference, adhered as far as possible to the order and generic names given in my original list, which first commenced on page 4o, Vol. XXXIII. 95. Hemaris difinis Bdv.—This appears to be the form described by Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough as a@iffinis ariadne in their ‘ List of Sphingidz of America north of Mexico” (Psyche xvii, 190-206, Nov., 4910). - The description is made from fourteen specimens from Colorado, aad Manitoba is given as another locality in the list on page zor. It agrees with Holland’s figure and description of ¢hetzs in the ‘‘ Moth Book,” which the authors say “he seems to have confused with aviadne.” 99. Sphinx vancouverensis Hy. Edw., and var. albescens Tepper.—l have two males, taken probably at the Calgary town lights, by Mr. C. G. Garrett, which have the dark dorsum to thorax, and are throughout nearly as dark as my only two males from Vancouver Island. I have a still darker specimen taken at High River by Mr. Baird. One of my Pine Creek specimens is almost a connecting link. The form is not seasonal, as pointed out in the paper in Psyche, above referred to. 146 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. rol. Smerinthus cerisyt Kirby.— Rather common some years in June and July playing over water just before and after dark, in company with geminatus. 102. Samia columbia Smith, var. nokomts Brodie.—What I have listed as columbia is probably referable to var. xokomts, articles on which appeared in Can. Ent., XL, pp. 350-354, and 373-376, Oct. 1908. The types of xokomis came from Carberry, Manitoba. 103. Scepsis fulvicollis Abn.—Red Deer River, July 5th, 1905, at hight. High River (Mr. Thomas Baird). It is probably not rare on the prairies. 105. Hypoprepia miniata Kirby.—Two more specimens from Pine Creek are dated July 22, 1906, and I have occasionally taken others. 106. Celama cilicoides Grt.—Sir George Hampson so named a speci- men I sent him of the species I listed as pustudata, the type of which, and of nigrofasciata, are in the British Museum. He figures neither, but figures a female as cilicoides from the Grote collection, which seems browner and less marked than any of my specimens. 107. Eubaphe immaculata Reak., var. ¢rimaculosa Reak., is the correct name for this form, according to Dr. Dyar. Specimens which I took at Windermere, B. C., in July, 1907, and which he called typical immaculata, have a pinkish tinge, and as a rule less of the fuscous border to secondaries, and sometimes lack the discal spot. One in my Calgary series lacks the border, but none completely lack the spot. In both series the border is sometimes broken into three blotches. A specimen from Stockton, Utah, is quite immaculate. Two from Chicago, sent by Mr. Kwiat, as zmmaculata, have discal spot, and one or two marginal blotches, but are ochreous rather than pinkish. Specimens received as aurantiaca from the same source are, in the male, more like the Calgary form in colour, but have narrower, darker and more even border, and are smaller. The females are of a more crimson red than the males, or than my only Calgary female. Four Chicago males which Mr. Kwiat sent as rubicun- daria, are like his awrantiaca males, but immaculate. One is almost exactly like the Stockton specimen, but shorter in wing. The Calgary female and one male have whitish spots below the cell, as in Grote’s guinarta, which is referred as a variety of awrandiaca in our lists. A series I saw in Mr. Baird’s collection at High River were less maculate than the average of mine. I have met with no more females besides the one THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 previously mentioned in my list, but have one from Edmonton taken by Mr. F. S. Carr on 7, vil, 10, which is like it as to maculation, but has secondaries almost crimson, as in the Chicago specimens referred to as aurantiaca. 110. Veoarctia beanit Neum.—The larva has been described by Mr. Gibson, from Sulphur Mountain, Banff, found by Mr. Sanson. (Can. Ent., XLI, 400, Nov., 1909). Mr. Bean had previously briefly described it in XXIII, 124, 1891. He also found a larva on Mt. St. Piran, Laggan, in the middle of July, 1893, which produced a moth on Aug. 2oth. “St. Piran” is the correct name for the mountain I have sometimes referred to as “‘ Piran,” and which was at one time called “ Niblock.” tit. LV. yarrow? Stretch.— Mrs. Nicholl took a specimen on a rock slide above Lake Louise, about July 20, 1904. 112. Phragmatobia fuliginosa Linn.—Occasionally met with since, but I have never found it common. May sth, 1906 (in sunshine), and May 2oth, 1907. 113. Arctia caja Schrank.—Mr. Baird takes the species rather commonly at High River, and sent me some labelled “var. /Vrskotti,” on whose authority I know not. The secondaries incline to pale orange rather than red, but I have seen nothing approaching what Holland figures as Wiskotti, from Colorado. Specimens from Vancouver have secondaries scarcely darker. I have seen specimens taken in Calgary, but have none of them in my collection. 114. The species is that figured by Holland as Ayphoraia parthenos Harr., and agrees with Hampson’s description of Aarthenos, and not of lapponica. 115. Apantesis virgo Linn.—Another male at light here, July 27, 1907. Another taken by Mr. Hudson on July 20, 1906, also at light, is of the variety c/rinaria N. & D., having pale straw yellow secondaries instead of red. 116. A. virguncula Kitby.—Occasionally taken since. 118. A. parthenice Kirby.—I have twenty-one males and three females in my series, carefully picked from a large number of specimens through a course of years. There is a tendency to melanism in a few examples. The inner transverse white line is either obsolete or defined merely by a spot on the costa. In one specimen only it is visible as a dot 148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. in the cell. The second or middle line is obsolete in one, and reduced to a mere dot in the cell in three or four more. The third is occasionally broken, or very fine and reduced, and in one specimen almost obsolete. A male taken at light by Mr. Hudson on July 20th, 1906, has the secondaries yellow instead of red, slightly tinged with orange centrally. Dr. Fletcher referred it to this species. It is strange that this and the citrinarta above referred to should have been taken on the same night. 127. Parasemia petrosa Walk.—Had I studied Mr. Bean’s article more closely, I should, as suggested by recent correspondence with him, have thus named my species rather than p/antagints, which does not seem to be properly referable to any known North American form. eae Serna Mea eh 4l 18.6 13 30 SECOMETs . Fats eos bas 28 12:3 9 16 BW 2 5 re oi ecaneee 26 8 5:5 I2 Fourtiite.: 2... taco 26 10.7 8 13 Fifth or esgeie sheen 27 13.8 II 18 ChrySalisti: teres... Be 10.1 8 15 I should rather have expected that the lengths of time spent in the different instars would have become successively shortened, but instead of THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 that we have a decrease to the third instar with an average of only 8 days, and an increase to 10.7 in the fourth and to 13.8 in the fifth. I hardly know how to account for this, as the weather was about the same during the entire period of growth of the caterpillars, particularly cloudy, gloomy and cold, conditions which were more or iess reflected indoors, for the caterpillars were not kept near any artificial heat. Undoubtedly there must be many days in April and May, and even June, especially in such cold and rainy springs as the past two seasons have been in this vicinity, when the caterpillars in the open would become so chilled as to be unable to move about and feed. There are some habits of the caterpillars which are worth noting : (1.) In emerging the caterpillar eats an irregular hole in the top of the egg, but only large enough for it to crawl through, the greater portion of the egg being invariably left. (2.) The caterpillars are very active crawlers, a fact which I learned at first to my loss, and this would seem to be necessary in nature to enable them to reach tips of the shoots of the cinquefoil, where the tender opening leaflets are to be found. (3.) Almost — always after moulting I would find the caterpillar turned around, head facing its exuvia. This it seldom ate, although the position taken would seem to indicate the opposite. One example which had recently passed ~ the first ecdysis I watched for two hours, but no attempt at eating its exuvia was made. In one instance, however, after the second ecdysis, I caught the caterpillar in the act of feeding on its exuvia. Usually I never had any trouble in finding the latter. (4.) In selecting a place to pupate, the caterpillar most often chose the under surface of the gauze cover on the vial, only occasionally the under surface of.a leaflet. In the open the latter is presumably the position most often chosen. There are two or three very interesting features in the clothing of the caterpillar and chrysalis, a description of which follows, to which I desire to call attention. I would mention, especially, the long, backwardly- curved dorsal bristles of the newly-hatched caterpillar, the. numerous egg-shaped processes of the caterpillar in the later instars and the very minute wine-glass-shaped processes of the chrysalis. The significance of these various structures is not readily apparent, but when someone is able to make a careful comparative study of dorcas with its congeners, especially helloides and epixanthe, more light may be thrown upon the subject. I can heartily recommend Chrysophanus dorcas to any one who desires to study the life-history of some Lycenid form. The fact that its eggs can be secured in numbers, with the assurance that a good proportion will 164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. hatch and that the caterpillars can be easily reared, should appeal to teachers of zoology and insect life, especially when it is considered how readily the food-plant may be grown in the garden. DESCRIPTION. Egg.—Echinoid in type ; firmly attached to the leaflet by a flattened base, top flattened to a lesser extent, the centre being occupied by a moderately deep pit, at the bottom of which is a very fine network. Chalky-white when first laid, which colour is retained in those specimens kept unmoistened indoors, but is changed toa brownish in those moistened or exposed in the field. From this it would appear as if the change in colour is due to staining from the juices of the leaflet rather than anything inherent in the egg. The surface shows a raised network, the intersections of which are enlarged into blunt, thickened knobs, while the ridges be- tween are thinner and lower. Near the base of the egg the network is finer, the spaces more numerous and the raised intersections less promin- ent. Two eggs gave the following diameters: Vertical, 0.45 mm.; equatorial, 0.7833 mm.; vertical, 0.46 mm.; equatorial, 0.7833 mm. First Instar.—On emergence the caterpillar is nearly cylindrical, slightly broader in the thoracic region ; venter flat. As it grows the thorax becomes highest at the third thoracic segment, sloping gradually caudad and abruptly cephalad, and the first thoracic segment is now very large, and at least twice the cephalo-caudal diameter of the succeeding segment ; between the sutures highly arched. Head small, rounded, dark brown, retractile ; at rest the thoracic segments are swung forward around a transverse axis, so that the head comes to lie directly underneath the first thoracic segment and is with. drawn into it. Colour pale clay yellow or pale brown, but after feeding a few days changing to pale green; lateral and dorsal surfaces, except for a very small central area on the dorsal surface of each segment, thickly studded with minute black dots. Each half of the caterpillar bears six rows of prominent tubercles ; the two dorsal and the substigmatal rows give rise to colourless bristles, while the other three rows, dorso-lateral, lateral and sub-ventral, are without bristles ; the tubercles are slightly elevated above the surface, on each segment those of the inner dorsal row are placed cephalad of those in the outer dorsal row, and are at least twice the height of the tubercles of both the outer dorsal and substigmatal rows, which are very flat. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 165 Besides the three rows of bristleless tubercles, there are four additional rows of very small tubercles: (1.) Each tubercle of the dorso-lateral row may be accompanied (but often is not) by a minute brown tubercle. (2.) Each tubercle of the lateral row is apparently always accompanied by a tubercle behind and above it. (3.) Between the lateral row of tubercles and the spiracles is a third row, while (4.) behind each spiracle is a tiny tubercle. Some of these tubercles bear tiny bristles. The bristles of the inner dorsal row of tubercles are somewhat longer than the transverse diameter of the first thoracic segment at birth, and project in a curve that is upward, backward and a little outward ; the bristles of the outer row are less than half the length of those of the inner row, are only slightly curved, and set so as to project upward, but more directly backward crossing the bristles of the inner row ; on the seventh abdominal segment the bristle of the outer row is lacking. The substigmatal row of outwardly directed bristles unites with the row of the opposite side in a continuous fringe around both cephalic and caudal extremities of the caterpillar ; in length these bristles are somewhat shorter than those of the outer dorsal row; the number and relative lengths of the bristles in the row apparently are constant, excepting the first thoracic and last (ninth) abdominal segments. The number of bristles is as follows: second and third thoracic segments four each, first to eighth abdominal! segments three each ; not considering the cephalic bristle on the second and third thoracic segments. The relative lengths of these bristles on the second thoracic to eighth abdominal, inclusive, are: Middle bristle longest, caudal shortest, cephalic between these two, while the cephalic bristle on the second and third thoracic is slightly shorter than any of the others. Each half of the first thoracic segment bears nine long bristles ; these are placed in two irregular rows, the four bristles in the upper row being longer than the five of the lower row, except the most caudal one. Each half of the ninth abdominal segment bears seven bristles, of which the uppermost dorsal bristle is longest, the others of shorter lengths. The bristles of the dorsal and substigmatal rows are imbricated. The prolegs are provided with tiny bristles. Two small branched spines project caudad from the last segment, just below the anal opening. Spiracles brown, which colour is retained throughout the instars. The thoracic shield is triangular, base caudad, apex cephalad and truncated, pale brown, clearer within. Length, 1.3 mm. to 1.5 mm. 166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Second Instar.—The shape is as in latter part of first instar. Head, at first pale green, as the caterpilllar gets older changing to brown ; shining. Colour blue-green. The minute black dots which studded the surface in the first instar have now entirely disappeared. The bristle-bearing tubercles are much more numerous than in the first instar. The inner dorsal row of long, backwardly-curved bristles is conspicuous, the substigmatal fringe less so, because its bristles are some- what shorter. Between these two series of bristles the surface is richly clothed with tubercles which bear short bristles, but the precise arrange- ment of these tubercles in rows, as in the first instar, is not evident. Between the substigmatal fold, which appears as a white line, and the mid-dorsum are four faint lines interrupted at the sutures. The thoracic shield is represented by a pit. Mandibles brown, ocelli black, these remaining the same in succeed- ing instars. Length, 2 mm. to 2.5 mm. Third Instar.—Shape similar; the caterpillar now appears longer, however, in proportion to its width. Head pale green. Colour blue-green (in one example pale green), later in the instar becoming pale green. The substigmatal fringe of bristles and dorsal row of backwardly- directed bristles are still present, the latter less curved, relatively shorter and less conspicuous ; the region between these two series of bristles is well clothed with bristle-bearing tubercles, the bristles short ; tubercles without bristles few. In this instar a new element in the clothing usually appears for the first time; this is an opaque, white, egg-shaped process borne by a short pedicel, the latter arising from a tubercle. These processes are few_in number, irregularly placed and often found cephalad. In the examination of several caterpillars they varied in number from six to twenty-five, while in one example none at all could be discovered. There are four faint, uneven white lines as before, the two upper ones being wider, and all becoming more distinct as the caterpillar approaches the end of the instar. Length, 3 mm. to 4.5 mm. Average of 22 caterpillars, 3.7 mm. Fourth Instar.—Shape as before ; the arching of the segments be- tween the sutures has gradually been reduced as the caterpillar has grown older. x THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 167 Head and body colour as before. The bristles of the dorsal rows have ceased to be a conspicuous feature of the ornamentation ; they are now but slightly curved and only longer than the other bristles from the third to the eighth abdominal segments. The entire surface above the substigmatal line is thickly studded with short bristles and the egg-shaped processes which first appeared in the preceding instar. These processes are very generally scattered over the surface, and are in all respects the same as in the third instar. The mid-dorsal area is dark green from the underlying blood-vessel. White lines as before, except that the two upper ones are fused into one band ; all are faint. The thoracic shield is a shallow, somewhat diamond-shaped pit. Length, 5 mm. to 6.5 mm. Average of 27 caterpillars, 5.76 mm. Fifth Instar.—The segments are only slightly arched. The bristles of the dorsal rows are very slightly curved backwards, and are progressively longer proceeding caudad, from about the second to the seventh abdominal segments, where they extend a little beyond the other bristles. The longest bristles are in the frontal fringe and on the first thoracic segment between this fringe and the diamond-shaped pit of the thoracic shield. The egg-shaped processes are thickly scattered all over the surface, except on the venter. The white lines are present now as two very faint bands, separated from each other and the substigmatal line by a faint, wavy, green line. Length, 8 mm. to 10.5 mm. Average of 26 caterpillars, 8.9 mm. Mature Caterpillar.—The shape and colour are very much as before. The head is almost colourless, but it may assume a very faint brown shade. Dorsal bristles as before. The longest bristles are on the first thoracic and the anal segments. The egg-shaped processes and short bristles thickly clothe the surface, as in the preceding instar. The white bands are more plainly marked in some specimens than in others, and on very close examination are seen to be made up in reality of four white lines very slightly separated by the green. The thoracic shield is a diamond-shaped pit, as before, but in addition there is a curved crease-like extension on each side ; near each of the side angles of the pit is a tubercle bearing a fairly long slender tentacle-like process. Length, 14.5 mm.to 16 mm. Average of 7 caterpillars, 15.14 mm. 168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Chrysalis.—Compact, fairly cylindrical, narrower cephalad ; rounded, bluntly-tapering caudad. Truncated in the dorso-cephalic plane. Meso- thorax with a low median dorsal prominence. Cremasteric area circular, provided with numerous minute hooklets, the latter with two curved prongs. The chrysalis, except over wing, tongue, leg and eye-cases, is entirely covered with minute processes. Under magnification (55 diam.) these are seen to be wine-glaiss-siaped, the rims made up of tiny finger-like projec- tions extending upwards and outwards in acircle. I could discover no hairs on the surface of the chrysalis, these processes evidently replacing them. The colour is very variable, hardly any two alike ; often some shade of green (nile, blue, pale or merely tinged), or over the green on wing- cases and dorsum there may bea slight sprinkling of black or brown atoms, which may increase until the whole chrysalis is well covered with atoms and blotches, or the green may be lacking, and the colour then is black or brown (Roman sepia), or even as in one case, a purple-madder. The substigmatal and the two lateral, wavy, white bands of the caterpillar can sometimes be traced in the chrysalis, varying in colour, of course, sometimes white (particularly with the green forms), again as rows of black or brown specks. The spiracles are white, with a faint yellowish tinge ; thoracic elon- gate-oval, abdominal oval. Length, 8.5 mm. to 10.25 mm. Greatest width about 4 mm. at tips of wing-cases. 3 THE CHALCIDOID PARASITES OF THE COCCID KAAAIZzS PUBESCENS BOGUE, WITH, DESCRIPTIONS: OF ie NEW GENERA AND THREE NEW SPECIES OF ENCYRTINZ FROM ILLINOIS. BY A. A. GIRAULT, URBANA, ILL. From a single small lot of specimens of this common coccid of the oak— Kermes pubescens Bogue—gathered from the twigs of a single tree on the campus of the University of Illinois at Urbana, during the summer of 1908, the following chalcidoid parasites were reared, several of which appear to be undescribed. The oak was a species of the a/ba group. So far, I believe, but a single parasite of this coccid has been recorded in the literature ; this paper adds at least three others, two representing new genera, and all belonging to a single subfamily, the Encyrtinz. May, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 Associated with the three encyrtinines reared here in Ilinois, however, were found certain chalcidoids of the family Pteromalide, tribe Pachy- neurini, genus Pachyneuron Walker, and of the family Eulophide, subfamily Tetrastichine, genus Gyro/asta Foerster, which are perhaps secondary in their relations, or may have come from some syrphid larva in among the hosts. The first was Pachyneuron micans Howard, and the second an apparently undescribed species of the eulophid genus mentioned (but without long marginal fringes of the fore wings), allied with (Syntomosphyrum) Gyrolasia esurus (Riley), differing from that species in having more slender veins in the fore wings. For the present it is left undescribed. These two species are not listed below (Accession Nos. 44 226 and 44,227, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois, two males, one female and two females respectively, all on tags, and a slide for each species). For the authoritative identification of the host I am indebted to Professor T. D. A. Cockerell, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. Family ENCYRTID. Subfamily ENcyrTIN&. Tribe Zctiromini. Cristatithorax, genus novum. Normal position. Female.—Head lenticular, not quite as wide as the thorax at its widest point, the facial impression rather small, not prominent, its caudal margin acute, yet not sharply defined by an arched carina, the convexed discal portion with moderately large, scattered punctures, bearing sete; scrobes short, forming a semicircle ; face between the eyes and the vertex hexagonally sculptured or rugose, the eyes margined with a row of moderately large punctures, each puncture giving origin to a single grayish seta ; Impression of the face from cephalic aspect (naturai position) elliptical, less than one-half the length of the head ; face beneath the eyes glabrous ; vertex rather narrow, the eyes somewhat convergent above, the lateral ocelli touching the eye margin, the ocelli in an acute-angled triangle; cheeks finely rugose ; antennz inserted at the clypeal border, compressed, clavate, with no sharp demarkation between the funicle and club, the flagellum gradually enlarging, the scape slightly dilated towards apex, the funicle 6-jointed, longer than the club, and with the first joint shorter than the pedicel ; mesothorax finely reticulated, with a squammose appearance, 170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the scutum with some large punctures, which are scattered and incon- spicuous, and clothed with short stiff prostrate gray or silvery hairs, which, however, are absent at the meson of the caudal three-fourths of the sclerite and along the caudal margin, some distance laterad from the meson; scutum and scutellum subequal in length, the latter slightly longer; axille cuneate, joining at base of scutellum ; scutellum with a conspicuous tuft of black hairs at its dorsal apex. Abdomen conic-cylindric, equal to combined length of head and thorax, the hypopygium prominent, extending one-fifth the length of the abdomen beyond the anal extremity. Wings infuscated beyond the submarginal vein, with the extreme apex hyaline however; marginal vein slightly thickened, linear, thrice the length of the stigmal vein, which is nearly twice the length of the postmarginal vein, the latter distinct; a short V-shaped, hyaline, hairless marking present, its apex along the costal margin just beyond the postmarginal vein, one branch running slightly apico-caudad (normal position) across the truncate end of the stigmal vein, the other proximo-caudad, into the angle subtended by the junction of the stigmal and postmarginal veins ; also an oblique (meso- or proximo-caudad) hairless line running from the stigma, but included within the coloured area of the fore wing, and hence somewhat obscured. Marginal cell of hind wings long. Wings extending beyond abdomen, and slightly beyond the hypopygium. Legs normal. Mandibles bidentate, the outer tooth shorter, obtuse, and one-third as broad as the inner, which is broadly truncate at apex. Nearest to Chrysopophagus Ashmead, and separated from it by the slightly dilated scape, the longer pedicel, the less noticeable compression of the antenne, and the differently shaped, more rounded head, and by mandibular characters, the mandibles in Chrysopophagus being distinctly 3-dentate, the two inner (mesal) teeth being equal and slightly smaller than the outer (lateral) one, and less acute. And liable to be confused with Flabrolepis Foerster and Eusemion Dahlbom, of the tribe Mirini. (Zype. C. pulcher, species nova, described in following.) 1. Cristatithorax pulcher, species nova. Normal position. Female.—Length, 1.35 mm. Moderate for the tribe. Submetallic ; varicoloured. General colour dark chrome-yellow. Cheeks bordering the eyes, face below the eyes, and a portion of the convex disk of the facial impression, mesoscutum, dorsum of the metathorax, the whole of the abdomen, excepting base of venter and the exserted portion of the hypopygium, which is white, caudal portions of the thoracic pleurum, dark THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 17k purplish, with a metallic lustre, especially at the dorsum of the abdomen. Eyes dark, prominent ; ocelli ruby red, with some yellow. Antenne black, the middle or intermediate longitudinal portion of the sides of the scape silvery white, the white stripe reaching the margin at apex, at the dilation. Head, prothorax, scutellum, ventral base of abdomen, thoracic pleure and venter dark chrome-yellow, the axille stiil darker, the vertex and face with some traces of a purplish sheen. Legs dark yellowish, with some purplish above, the intermediate femora with a white annulus near the apex; tarsi yellowish, the posterior pair white, with two apical joints dusky. Distal two-thirds of the wing fuliginous, the extreme apex and the basal third hyaline ; in reflected light wings purple; sooty colour more pronounced in a small triangular area between the indistinct oblique hairless line and the marginal vein, and less so in the portion of the wing included between the marginal vein and the posterior margin ; a somewhat irregular longitudinal lighter area in the middle of the wing, near the posterior margin. Hind wings hyaline. Antenne 11-jointed ; scape longer than the combined lengths of the pedicel and first two funicle joints ; pedicel obconic, longer than the funicle joint 1 ; funicle gradually, regularly enlarging to club; funicle joints 1 and 2 subequal, 1 slightly narrower and longer ; funicle joints 3 and 4 subequal, larger, 4 somewhat larger than 3; joints 4 and 5 of funicle subequal, 4 slightly smaller, both still larger than 3 and 4, and wider than long; club joints slightly wider than joints 5 and 6 of funicle, the basal joint subquadrate, the two apical joints narrow, much wider than long. (From two specimens, two-thirds-inch objective, two-inch optic. Bausch and Lomb.) Ma/e.—Unknown. This species is superficially like Chrysopophagus compressicornis Ashmead. Described from two tag-mounted females reared from Kermes pubescens Bogue, on oak, Urbana, Illinois, July 1, 1908. Type: Accession No. 37,590, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois, one female, tag mounted ; head and antenna (1 slide) and antenna (1 slide), both in xylol-balsam. Tribe AZirinz. Enastoidea, genus novum. Normal position. Female.—Length moderate for the tribe. 172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Head (cephalic aspect) rounded triangular, longer than wide, not lenticular, the facial impression weak, bounded by the antennal scrobes which form a rounded triangular impression, surrounding on two sides the raised cuneate disk of the facial impression ; the apex of the scrobes obtuse, reaching to a point midway between the eyes (cephalic aspect) ; the whole of the cephalic aspect of the head and the vertex closely, but not very coarsely, punctured, the surface slightly less rough than the eye surface ; ocelli in an almost equilateral triangle, the lateral ones slightly farther apart from each other than each is from the cephalic ocellus, and close to, but not touching, the eye margin, and still farther from the occiputal margin; eyes large, round, prominent on the dorso-lateral aspect of the vertex, and prominent from both dorsal and cephalic aspects, some- what convergent from dorsal aspect, and from lateral aspect not as long as tne cheeks or malar space, regularly convex, lenticular, and reaching caudad to the convexed, acute occipital margin ; from dorsal aspect vertex an inclined plane; the occipital foraminal depression almost acutely concave ; face with some sparse grayish hairs ; antennz inserted far below the middle of the face, the scape with a large leaf-like dilation ventrad, the pedicel longer than the first funicle joint, the funicle 6-jointed, white, annulate with black at the first joint, cylindrical and slightly clavate, the club 3-jointed, white, ovate and distinctly wider than the funicle, but not more than one-half as long ; flagellum on the whole cylindrical, subcapi- tate. Dorsal.aspect of the surface of the thorax similar in sculpture to that of the head, the pro- and mesonotum with scattered, short, stiff, recumbent white hairs, hispid (Coddington lens, half-inch), the hairs apparently not arising from shallow, larger punctures ; axilla meeting at the meson, cuneate ; along the median line scutellum somewhat longer than the mesoscutum, peltate, its cephalic margins oblique from the side to the meson, cephalo-mesad ; caudal margin of the mesoscutum straight or very slightly convex ; dorso-lateral aspect of the mesopostscutellum and the metanotum bare, that of the former finely, obliquely corrugated. Abdomen short, only about two-thirds the length of the thorax, ovate, its dorsum concave and not clothed with stiff pubescence, the spiracle of the third segment dorsal, at the lateral margin prominent, fuscous, margined and guarded by about three long black sete; hypopygium prominent, plowshare-shaped, extending distinctly beyond the abdomen. Legs normal, the middle tibial spur short and stout, not as long as the basal tarsal joint, which is by far the longest of the joints of the inter- mediate tarsi, the others relatively small ; the bristles on the intermediate THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 173 tarsi ventrad, short, more numerous and stiffer than usual ; the proximal tarsal joint of the caudal legs intermediate in size between those of the cephalic and intermediate legs, but all of the proximal tarsal joints longer than the other tarsal joints, excepting perhaps that of the cephalic legs, the apical tarsal joint next in length, the three others nearly subequal in length and shorter ; caudal tibiz with but a single short spur, the single spur of the cephalic tibiz curved and slender, reaching nearly to the apex of the proximal tarsal joint. Wings hyaline, both densely, closely ciliate in the disk, and the fore wings with a transverse, oblique, hairless streak, as in Avagyrus Howard, extending from the stigmal vein, proximo-caudad ; marginal vein of fore wing punctifcrm, the postmarginal vein absent, the stigmal vein moderately long, straight, the submarginal vein long and slender, about five times the length of the stigmal vein, but not reaching to the middle of the costal margin. Costal cell of caudal wings extending to the hooklets. Wings relatively long. Body non-metallic, pallid ochraceous. Mandibles 3-dentate, the outer (lateral) tooth shorter than the two inner (mesal) ones and obtuse, the two inner shallow and subequal, as if formed of a broad truncate tooth, with a concave emargination at the centre of its apical margin. (Zype.: A. latiscapus, species nova, described beyond.) Close to xasius Walker, but differing in the smaller club, the antennee being capitate, in the longer funicle, the absence of large thimble- like depressions on the head, and the different shape of the latter, the joined axille, in the absence of the postmarginal vein, the hyaline wings, and in the broader pronotum and longer mesoscutum. And agreeing in some respects with @éxcyrtus Ashmead in wing and antennal characters, but the scape of the antenne is totally different, and the body non-metallic, besides differing in habitus. The genus is liable to confusion with Anagyrus Howard, of the tribe 4ctromini, but besides the 3-dentate mandibles and other tribal characters, the more reduced venation will readily distinguish it. 2. Ainastoidea latiscapus, species nova. Normal position. Female.—Length, 0.89 mm. General colour pallid yellowish, the head aud mesonotum conspicuously light chrome-orange, the dorsal aspect of the mesopostscutellum and the metanotum, also the proximal segment of the abdomen, blackish, the pronotum dark, with a pruinose appearance, but pallid laterad ; remainder of abdomen yellowish white; eyes very dark 174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. reddish, margined dorsad, along the occipital margin, with yellowish ; ocelli ruby-red, with some yellow; tegule pallid. Antennz white, the dilation or exfoliation (only) of the scape, the base of the pedicel dorsad, and the first funicle joint black. Venation pallid yellowish. Legs white, with a tinge of yellowish, the apical tarsal joint darkened. Mesopleurum slightly reticulated. Marginal cilia of fore wings short, those of the caudal margin of the caudal wings longer; stigmal vein capitate ; area of the fore wing proximad of the oblique hairless line or streak densely ciliate, as in the Jarger portion of the wing apicad of the streak, excepting at the caudal margin, proximad ; the oblique hairless streak does not extend quite to the caudal wing margin, and is broadest at its caudo-proximal end ; spurious veins inconspicuous, not breaking the ciliation of the wing. Tegule longitudinally rugulose. Scape as long as the pedicel, and the first three funicle joints com- bined ; pedicel obconic, not quite twice as long as it is wide at apex, nearly as long as the combined length of the first two funicle joints, which are subequal and shortest of the antennal joints, and narrower than the apex of the pedicel ; funicle gradually widening to the club ; funicle joint 3 longest of the funicle joints, slightly shorter than the pedicel, wider than joint 2 and narrower than joint 4 of the funicle; the latter still longer than wide, shorter than the preceding joint but wider ; funicle joints 5 and 6 subquadrate, shorter than joint 4, and distinctly narrower than the proximal club joint. Basal joint of the club longest of the three, the intermediate joint shorter but widest, and the apical joint shortest and narrowest, obtusely conical. Antenne pubescent. (Frcm six specimens, two-thirds-inch objective, two-inch optic. Bausch and Lomb.) Male.—Unknown. Described from two tag-mounted and four slide-mounted females reared June 25th, 1908, from specimens of Kermes pubescens Bogue, on oak, Urbana, Illinois. Seven females reared. Type: Accession No. 40,285, Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois, two females tag-mounted and four females in xylol-balsam (two slides). Microterys Thomson. 3. Microterys cincticornis Ashmead. Ashmead, 1900, p. 390. (Proc. U. S. National Mus., Washington, 1) ee Te) King, 1899, p. 139. (CANADIAN ENToMoLocisT, London, Ontario, XX XI.) Or THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. lj ©2. Microterys cincticornis Ashmead, new species. ‘This species probably represents a variety of the European JZ. tesselatus Dalman. It agrees with it in stature and in wing markings, except that the triangular white marginal spots are connected so as to form an additional band, while the head and thorax at sides, too, are quite differently coloured. The head, the pronotum, except above, the sides of the thorax and the legs are brownish-yellow, while the mesonotum is metallic-blue. “« Type: Cat. No. 4769, U.S. N. M.. (Ashmead collection). “ Habitat: New Hampshire: Mount Washington. (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).” George B. King, in 1899, recorded this parasite from K. pubescens in Massachusetts. I have not met with it in Illinois. Through the kindness of Mr. J. C. Crawford, Division of Insects, U. S, National Museum, Washington, D. C., I am able to offer the following descriptive notes on this species, taken from the type and in comparison with the two co-type females of JZ. sfectosissimus, species nova, described just beyond: * cincticornis has the upper part of the head more reddish, the middle more yellowish ; this yellowish colour shows on the back of the head and on the under parts of the insect; the scape is light—only the anterior margin is dark ; the scutellum is very metallic—as much so as the mesonotum ; legs all light ; what I will call the middle band on the wing is dark and the apical band distinct, making the apical part of the wing darker than in your species ; in your species the middle band is a series of dark spots, but in Ashmead’s species these are so close together that they are hardly distinct from one another, being a band instead.” (J. C. Crawford, /z /itt., January 8, 1909.) In cincticornis there is no tuft of hairs on the scutellum. 4. Microterys speciosissimus, species nova. Normal position. Female.—Length, 1.33 mm. Normal in size and shape ; funicle annulate, scape greatly dilated, scutellum without a tuft of hairs at apex. General colour ochraceous, the mesoscutum metallic dark blue, the axille and scutellum duller than the mesoscutum, purplish, the dorsum of the abdomen the same colour as the scutellum, with a little more blue, the abdominal ventum concolorous with the dorsum of abdomen, the cephalic and caudal margins of the pronotum nearly concolorous with the mesoscutum, leaving a narrow transverse intermediate portion ochraceous, 176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. but which, however, widens at the lateral third, extending cephalad, laterad and caudad to the respective margins; metanotum concolorous with the scutellum, excepting dorso-laterally, where it is ochraceous; tegulz ochraceous, obscured in the disk with some bluish ; clypeus conspicuously dark brown, from side to side; head between the vertex and front, between the eyes, variable, frequently tinged with lustrous purple, visible in certain lights only ; legs ochraceous, the caudal femora and tibiz, how- ever, flushed with bluish, the intermediate tibize more delicately so, the apical tarsal joint dark; antennez black,the 5th and 6th funicle joints white; scape at the peduncle and extreme apex ochraceous, and the pedicel and first two funicle joints dusky, lighter ventrad; dilatation of the scape some- what metallic and with some bluish. Fore wings fuliginous to end of the stigmal vein, the apical margin of the fuliginous area convex ; from thence apicad, hyaline, but through the midst of this, nearer the fuliginous area than to the apex of the wing, runs transversely (cephalo-caudad) a broken band of fuliginous, consisting of four distinct portions, two subequal subquadrate spots leading caudo-apicad from the cephalic wing margin, a smaller rounder dot in the middle of the wing, further proximad, and_ then leading to the caudal margin, apico-caudad, a longer columnar area ; if joined together the line formed would be $ -shaped; venation brownish-black. Eyes dark; ocelli ruby-red. Head slightly wider than long (cephalic aspect), sublenticular, as wide as the thorax at its widest point, from lateral apex deflexed, the facial impression normal and margined caudad, the scrobes forming a semicircle, the mesal portion of the impression carinated for a short distance along the median line near the caudal margin. Face between the eyes and the vertex as in Cristatithorax pulcher Girault. Eyes nearly circular, their mesal margin somewhat flattened, rather large and on the cephalo-lateral aspect of the head, their caudal margins invading the sharp occipital margin ; ocelli not near the occipital margin, in a nearly equilateral triangle, the lateral ones oval and nearly touching the eye margins, and slightly nearer to each other than either is to the cephalic ocellus, which is circular. Occipital margin acute, convex. Pro- and mesonotum and the mesopleurum squammose, the two former with regularly scattered, obscure punctures, which are less conspicuous on the scutellum and axille, each puncture giving origin to a reclinate, short, dull grayish seta ; meso- scutum slightly shorter than the scutellum along the meson, its caudal margin regularly convex; axillae acutely cuneate, meeting at the meson, where they are subaccuminate ; scutellum peltate, normal, without a tuf THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177 of bristles, its cephalic margin angularly convex, subacute at the meson. Metanotum normal. Abdomen short and stout, subtriangular, not quite as long as the thorax, flat dorsad and not pubescent, shining, but with the squammose sculpture of the thorax, which, however, is more delicate on the abdomen. Sheaths of the ovipositor slightly exserted, ochraceous. Fore and hind wings densely ciliate in the disk ; marginal vein of the fore wing short and thick, but slightly longer than wide, the stigmal vein nearly as long as the marginal and postmarginal veins combined; the latter slightly shorter than the marginal vein ; fore wings extending for nearly one-half their length beyond the abdomen ; a subcuneate hairless line with its apex just caudad of the stigmal vein runs from that vein cauda-proximad through the fuliginous area to the caudal wing margin, where it is widest ; this hairless line is not conspicuous ; joining it, or originating from it, near the caudal margin, is a narrow, curved white line, which runs apicad through the fuliginous area to its apical margin, where it splits into two ; also, this line is not very conspicuous. There is also in the fore wing an inconspicuous, more deeply-coloured spot beneath the submarginal vein, just proximad of the oblique hairless line, and running somewhat parallel to it. Immediate base of fore wing naked. Antenne 11-jointed, inserted at the clypeal border; scape with a conspicuous, dorso-ventral, leaf-like dilatation or expansion, the dilatation appearing just beyond a short peduncle and extending to the apex, and of itself hemi-pyriform ; scape longer than pedicel and joints 1 and 2 of funicle combined, the expansion with some punctures ; flagellum normal, cylindrical and regularly clavate, and the club normal. Pedicel obconical, longer than any of the following joints, and slightly shorter than the com- bined lengths of joints 1 and 2 of the funicle ; first funicle joint two-thirds the length of the pedicel, and slightly shorter and narrower than funicle joint 2; funicle joints 2 and 3 subequal, joint 3 slightly thicker, both longer than joint 1, and still more so than the three following joints ; joints 4, 5, 6 of the funicle quadrate, subequal, one-third shorter and wider than joint 3 ; the club regularly conical, about the same length as the combined lengths of joints 4, 5 and 6 of the funicle, its basal, joint one- third longer and slightly wider than funicle joint 6, and as long as, and much wider than, funicle joint 3; the intermediate joint is one-third shorter and slightly narrower than the basal joint, and narrows cephalad; the apical joint of the club conic, equal in length to the basal joint. Antenne hispid. 178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Mandibles 3-dentate, the two inner (mesal) teeth, however, shallow, equal, and taken together like a single broad tooth notched at the centre of its apical margin; the outer (lateral) tooth acute, but very slightly longer. (From eight specimens, two-thirds-inch objector, two-inch optic. Bausch and Lomb.) Male——Unknown. This beautiful species was described from eight females reared June 23 (seven ?s) and July 7th, 1908 (one 9 ).from the same lot of Kermes pubescens Bogue. Types: Accession Nos. 37,56z (five 9s, tag-mounted) and 37,593 (¢ head and antenna, one slide, xylol-balsam), Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois. Co-tyfe: No. 72,766, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C., two ?s, tag-mounted. A NEW ALASKAN MOSQUITO. BY C. S. LUDLOW, Army Medical Museum, Washington, D. C. For several years there appeared in the collections of mosquitoes from Alaska what were evidently two distinct species, but in such bad condition that it was impossible to be sure just what the differences were. Now, after some four years of indicision, specimens have been received that allow of differentiation and description, and I give below the description of what seems to be a new species: Culex borealis, n. sp. Female.—Head very dark brown, covered with broad, curved ochra- ceous scales in a comparatively narrow median space from vertex to occiput, broad, flat ochraceous scales laterad and extending as lateral scales, a few fork scales, light and dark, at the nape ; brown bristles projecting forward over and between the eyes ; antennz brown, verticels brown, pubescence light, basal joint testaceous, with flat pale ochraceous scales on the median aspect ; palpi dark brown, with a very few light scales, mostly on the ventral side ; proboscis very long (about seven times longer than the palpi), almost black ; eyes reddish-brown ; clypeus dark, and in some specimens the contiguous mouth-parts. much distended, rather pouch-like on the ventral side. Thorax: Prothoracic lobes dark, with pale ochraceous flat scales ; mesothorax very dark, covered with large curved scales, a narrow median, May, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 179 line of ochraceous scales with a very broad stripe of black ones on each side, extending from the nape to the ‘‘bare space,” bordered laterally by ochraceous and black scales mixed, ochraceous scales predominating to the lateral margin of the mesothorax ; near laterad of the ‘‘bare space” is often a short dark stripe, extending only a little way cephalad from the caudad margin of the mesonotum, but in some specimens this is lacking, or nearly so; scutellum covered with ochraceous broad curved scales ; metanotum very dark ; pleura very dark, mostly covered with flat pale ochraceous scales. . Abdomen covered with almost black scales and basal pale ochraceous bands, which vary greatly, being usually broad, somewhat widened later- ally as ‘lateral spots,” but sometimes these basal bands are narrow ; the first segment has pale scales apically and mostly in the median portion, and sometimes the apical segment is mostly light-scaled ; venter mostly with pale ochraceous scales, sometimes showing apical black bands, very narrow on the median part, broader laterally. Legs: Coxe and trochanters mostly light-scaled ; femora all pale basally and ventrally, dorsally darker toward the apex, but speckled with ochraceous scales, light knee spot; tibiae dark, but some light scales sprinkled through ; ist and 2nd tarsals also slightly speckled with ochraceous scales, the remainder of the legs usually entirely dark-scaled ; ungues heavy, uniserrate. Wings clear, brown-scaled, except at the very base, where the sub- costa, at least, has, on many specimens, bright ochraceous scales. Cells large ; 1st submarginal a little longer than 2nd posterior, and about % longer than its petiole, the bases nearly on a line; root of the 3rd longi- tudinal vein about as long as the mid cross-vein which it meets nearly in a straight line ; posterior cross-vein about the same length as the mid and its own length distant. Length, tro mm., of which 3.5 is proboscis. Habitat.—Alaska. ‘Taken June, July, August. The dark submedian thoracic stripes are nearly black, and do not suggest in any way the brown markings of Curret, datavittata or pretans nor do they resemble the brown stripes of Felt’s absobrinus, of which Dr. Felt kindly sent me specimens for comparison, and it seems likely it is a new species. It occurs in great numbers, sometimes with an apparently closely-related species, which, however, lacks thoracic markings, and is most likely zzgripes (or impiger). So far this new species has never been sent in with Z: a/askaéusis Mihi, which has apparently a much more restricted distribution. 180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, BOOK NOTICE. ‘©THE Copitinc Motu”: L. Caesar. Bulletin 187, Ontario Department of Agriculture. 40 pp., 21 figs. (Toronto, Ont., Jan., 1911.) To say that this publication ‘‘fills a long felt want,” if it has the disadvantage of echoing the words of hurriedly written notices and reviews of books, is only expressing our firm conviction. Every entomologist in Eastern Canada, we say “ eastern” advisedly, has realized the need of a clearly written and practical bulletin on this insect, which is, of all insects attacking the apple, the most universally destructive. It has remained, however, for Mr. Cesar to endeavour to supply that need, and he is to be congratulated on the successful manner in which he has accomplished his task. He has added to the increasing list of valuable publications written by members of the staff of the Ontario Agricultural College one which is second to no other in its manner of treatment, simplicity of expression, so important in these bulletins of an educational character, and in the description of the practical methods of control. The account of the life-history of the moth, which succeeds the intro- duction, contains many original observations. These, together with the observations of other investigators, increase the utility of the bulletin to no small extent, as So many accounts are mere compilations, and inapplicable to local conditions, which must, of necessity, be studied. The author’s experience of orchard conditions in Ontario, and his intimate acquaintance with the practical work of spraying, give the bulletin the impress of authority and a markedly increased value. We are pleased to note his insistance on thorough spraying. In view of the debated question as to the efficacy of the single-spraying for controlling the Codling Moth, the author’s experience, in which this method resulted in an average of go per cent. worm-free fruit, is worthy of note. As we presume the author is not responsible for the inversion of Figure 4, we will not criticize the only one of twenty-one excellent illustrations to which reference might be made. We hope that the free distribution of the bulletin by the Department of Agriculture for Ontario will result in a marked increase in the practice of judicious and thorough spraying, the beneficial effect of which will be incalculable. CuiGeHE Mailed May 12th, rgr1. The Fanadiay Fautomolagist VoL. XLITLI. LONDON, JUNE, ror. No. 6 ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE MALE GENITALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA. BY J. MCDONNOUGH, PH. D., DECATUR, ILL. The genitalia in Lepidoptera have, within the last ten years, become one of the most important factors in systematic work, and no revision of any group can be considered complete which does not deal with the subject of the sexual armature, serving as it does in many cases to separate species otherwise difficult to distinguish. This being the case, it is all the more to be regretted that already at this comparatively early date in the history of the subject the terminology has become so involved. The female armature, owing to its comparative simplicity, and possibly to the fact that it has not been so carefully studied as that of the male, has suffered little in this respect, but in reviewing the literature on the male genitalia we are at once met by a hopeless jumble of terms, which to say the least of it neither tends to elucidate an already difficult subject, nor to awaken a growing interest in the average collector for this particular branch of his hobby. Asa case in point, and one that gave the prime motive power for this present paper, we might cite the following: Prof. J. B. Smith, in his various publications on North American Noctuide, uses the term “ harpe” for the two outermost lateral valve-like appendages of the male, applying the term “ c/asper” to a portion of the inner armature of this same harpe, usually in the form of a curved hook or rod arising from the mid-ventral surface. In this he has been followed by various American authors, and also by Pierce, who in the introduction to his valuable work on the Genitalia of British Noctuids, has attempted to define the various parts. If, on the other hand, we turn to Rothschild and Jordan’s Mono- graph of the Sphingide, we find these same terms used in exactly an inverse sense ; the outermost appendages are termed ‘‘ c/aspers,” whilst for the inner armature the term “ Zarfe” is employed. Obviously only one of the learned authors can be correct in his use of the above terms, and prompted partly by curiosity, partly by a thirst for knowledge, we have delved somewhat deeply into the bibliography of the subject. In the following paper we have endeavoured to fix and apply the correct names 182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. to the various parts of the ¢ genitalia as determined strictly by the law of priority ; we can promise nothing startlingly new, but consider the lack of. a uniform terminology sufficient warrant for thus obtruding ourselves upon the public notice. The older writers, such as Burmeister, Kirby and Spence, and Siebold and Stannius, dismiss the subject of the ¢ genitalia of Lepidoptera in a few words. All the above authors use the term valve or valves for the two lateral outer appendages. Just who originated the term we have not been able to discover, but it dates back before z8r5. Mention of further portions of the genital armature is first made by De Haan in 7842. This author has examined the genitalia of several exotic Papilios; he uses the term valves (kleppen) in the sense of the older writers, and makes further mention of two inner lateral appendages (zijdelingsche aanhangsels), and a blunt-pointed spine with two lateral plates at the extremity of the abdomen ; he, however, applies no particular terms to these parts. The first work of importance after this date dealing with ¢ genitalia is that of Scudder and Burgess in 1870. Here we meet with the term clasp employed instead of valve; a reference to the figures leaves no doubt that the two terms are identical. A “short, frequently bent or curving — process, ordinarily somewhat triangular in shape, and very often armed with spinules,” which arises from the basal portion of the lower half of the clasps (in the genus under discussion, Nisoniades, each clasp is divided into an upper and lower portion), is termed ‘‘ dasa/ process.” The dorsal portion of the armature is simply referred to as the ‘‘ upper organ.” In 1876 Buchanan-White issued a profusely illustrated monograph on the f genital armature in the European Rhopaiocera. Owing to the poor technical methods employed, the hair being simply removed from the anal segments, and the portions thus exposed delineated, little reliance can be placed on the figures. The author employs the term ‘‘ Harpago” for the lateral valve, and designates the dorsal portion—the upper organ of Scudder and Burgess—by the name of Zegumen. This work was followed in 1882 by a monograph of the clasping organs of the genus Papilio by Ph. H. Gosse. Besides a review of the existing literature, the author gives for the first time fairly exact definitions of the various portions of the genitalia. The term Valves is again employed for “two broad plates, which by free-working joints are united to the overlapping edges of the eighth abdominal segment. They are clothed on the exterior with scales like those of the body. Their direction THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 183 follows the general plane of the sides of the abdomen.” Under the heading Harfes we find the following: “ The interior surface of each valve, which, as I have said, is hollow, is the seat of a peculiar organ, which appears to take a very prominent part in the prehensile function. * + + Within the hollow lies a plate of what I presume to be pure chitine, usually as transparent as glass, but tinged with a yellow-brown hue, thickening at various parts, especially at its margins and irregular ridges. . . . . The parts thus thickened are also elevated, not merely in the bounding walls and ridges that I have mentioned, but in general by the separating of a portion of the organ from the cavity-floor ; so that this particular part shall be elevated and projected freely into the inclosed space between the valves. And these projected portions either take the forms of curved acute spines, or, more frequently still, are notched into sharp teeth standing in serriedrows. . . . . Whatever the form, the base is always expanded, often with ridges, spreading over the basal edge of the valve. I have no hesitation in assigning a distinctive epithet to the organ in question ; and it is known throughout this memoir by the term Harpe.” In a footnote, the correctness of which we will comment upon later, Gosse says: ‘‘ Dr, White has used the term Zarfago for the organ which, in the other Rhopalocera appears to represent the va/ve and Aarfe united. But in the Papilionide, where these are separate, it is desirable that they should receive separate designations. The terms harfago and harpe are sufficiently distinct ; while they bear a relation to each other not unlike that of the things designated.” The term Uncus is used for the hook-like tip at the dorsal extremity of the abdomen, the fegumen of Buchanan-White being restricted to the broad basal portion. We further meet with the term Scaphium for the first time, this being applied to a “mass of shining white tissue, apparently in organic union with the lower surface of the uncus near its origin,” and shaped like a lower jaw or the keel of a boat. Following this various articles by Cholodkowsky, Hoffman, Jackson, Backer, Escherich, Pey- toureau, Stichel, Klinkhardt and Poljanec have appeared from time to time. Backer first applied the term Saccus to the chitinous process projecting into the abdomen from the anterior margin of the xii segment, a process already observed by Cholodkowsky. Most of these authors deal largely with the ontogenetic development of the genital organs, attempting to bring the results of their investigations in this branch of the 184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. es subject into some sort of relation with the morphological details. Owing to the wrong conclusions and the false application of terms, the general result of these works is still very unsatisfactory, and not until 1902, when Enoch Zander issued his excellent and most thorough treatise on the male genital organs of Lepidoptera, do we arrive at any clear and definite idea of the development of these organs, and the relationship of the various parts to each other. We will have to confine ourselves here to-a short statement of the various conclusions reached by Zander, but would heartily recommend anyone intending to occupy himself with this subject to study the work itself in detail. In spite of the great and confusing variety of forms Zander has satisfactorily shown that the male genitalia may be traced to a single Fic. 8.—Genitalia of Apatura iris, side view (according to Zander), 14: 1. P., Penis; Pp., Penis pouch; R. W., Ringwall; Sa., Saccus; Unc., Uncus 3; Scaph., Scaphium; V., Valve. common plan of construction. The abdomen of a// Lepidoptera consists of 10 segments, representing the body segments iv—xiil. The Segmental rings of segments v—-ix consist of a dorsal and ventral chitinous plate, the . tergite and sternite respectively ; in segment iv the sternite is always lacking. Segments x and xi, while often agreeing exactly with the preced- ing ones, are sometimes slightly modified and brought into relationship to the genital organs. In certain Geometridz Seg. x has large hair pencils concealed in lateral pockets (Haartaschen of Poljanec); Seg. xi shows in several neotropical butterflies several enormous lateral processes arising from the posterior portion of the sternite (Rami of Stichel) ; several species of Bombycidz show also an armature of chitinous hooks and processes. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 185 The xii and xiii segments are always greatly modified and intimately connected with the sexual system. The chitinous covering of the xii segment is much thicker than in the preceding ones, and forms a closed ring about the body. In the lowest families (Micropterygine) this ring is of equal breadth all round, but in the majority of the remaining families the dorsal portion is much more broadly developed than the ventral and lateral portions, the whole bearing a striking resemblance to a signet ring. In many cases, examples of which can be found in every group with the exception of the Rhopalocera, a lateral joint is present, dividing the ring into a ventral and dorsal portion. To the median ventral portion of the wing is attached the Saccus, a secondary invagination of the intersegmental membrane, which projects as a strongly chitinized pocket more or less deeply into the abdomen. In several species of Bombycide considerable modification of the Saccus has taken place, leading in extreme cases to the formation of a large chitinous sac beneath the sexual organs (Bombyx rubi). In but few instances is the Saccus completely lacking. The conical anal segment (xili) is scarcely visible in the majority of cases in the fully developed organ. The Uncus and Scaphium, which Fic. 9,—Median section through anal portion of pupa of Parapoynx stratiotaria in advanced stage of development (according to Zander), 40:1. I., Intestine; A., Anus; d., Dorsal plate; v., Ventral plate; D. ej., Ductus ejaculatorius ; m., Musc. retract. Duct. ejac ; P., Penis ; P. t., Penis pouch; R. W., Ringwall; Sa., Saccus ; Scaph., Scaphium ; Unc., Uncus; X, Blind pouch; XI-XIII, Segments. 186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. for long were considered as the dorsal and ventral portions of this segment, prove on examination of pupal stages to be but secondary processes. The true segment wall remains mostly membraneous, and is usually concealed within the xii segment. Sometimes, however, the anal cone projects, and in such cases the secondary processes are usually absent, and either the dorsal portion (Heliothis, Catocala), or the ventral (Hadena, Nonagria} is more strongly chitinized. The Uncus usually has the form of a single ventrally-inclined hook, but may be bifid or even replaced by several processes or hooks. The Scaphium shows a similar degree of variation, and is often lacking in Rhopalocera, Noctuidae, etc. The Valves are enormously developed lateral appendages, which are always hinged to the postsegmental margin of the xi segment. Usually symmetrical, they show in several instances (Nisoniades, Pterophoride) marked asymmetry, and are furnished on their inner concave side with all manner of hooks and bristles. They originate at a late larval period in the so-called genital pouch, an ektodermal invagination of the xil ventral mem- brane. At the bottom of this pouch two conical mounds undergo division, forming two lateral warts, the embryonic Va/ves, and two centrally placed ones, which afterwards unite to form the embryonic enzs. During the pupation stage, owing to the disintegration of the genital pouch, the Valves come to lie on the surface, while the Fezzs remains at the base of a small secondary depression, the commencement of the so-called Penis pouch (Penistasche). The remaining development takes place during the pupal period. The Penis pouch, which is possibly identical with the Penis sheath of Poljanec, possesses generally, as seen from behind, a funnel-shaped appearance, narrowing to a fine tube, which enters the abdomen for a considerable distance. ‘The narrowing may be gradual, but in most instances the transition is sudden, and at the point where the pouch enters the body a so-called Ringwall ( Penis-funnel of Jordan) arises, a hollow cone-like structure, either strongly chitinized all round, thus forming a Avg, or else chitinized only ventrally, giving the appearance of a groove (Se//a of Stichel). The outer wall may show a considerable armature of hooks, etc., which in some cases becomes quite complicated, leading Poljanec into the error of supposing that “ zumer valves” existed. (Pygaera pigra, Psodos coracina). Closely fitted, into the Penis pouch we find the emis proper; the proximal portion is merely membranaceous, but the distal end projects out of the Ringwall as a strongly chitinized tube, which is of varying shape THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 187 and size, and often armed with hooks and crotchets. At the ventral base of this end-portion is usually found a chitinous sack, commonly and erroneously taken to be the blind end of the ev/s itself, giving rise to the idea that the Ductus ejactulatorius entered the ezzs from the dorsal side. As a matter of fact the Pens extends far beyond this point into the abdomen, the use of the sack being to contain the retractory muscle of the eversible Ductus ejaculatorius, which passes through the /ezzs for its entire length as a finely chitinized tube and may occasionally be observed projecting from the distal end in the form of a delicate membrane. Fie. 10.—Section through Penis and Penis pouch (according to Zander), Pr, P2, P3, Penis; D. ej., Ductus ejaculatorius ; Rw. d., Dorsal portion of Ringwall; Rw. v., Ventral portion of Ringwall; Bl, Blind pouch with musc. retract. In this preface to “Genitalia of British Noctuidee,” issued in 1909, Pierce has devoted a short chapter to ‘‘Nomenclature and Descriptions.” While we do not wish to depreciate the excellent work done by the author, we regret to find that his definitions are, in the light of what we have just stated, far from correct. As already noted, the term Harfe is applied by Pierce to the two outermost lateral appendages. Taking into consideration the ontogenetic development of these parts, as shown by Zander, and referring to the original definition of the term as given by Gosse, we inevitably come to the conclusion that Pierce’s use of it is incorrect. He has either followed Smith’s lead or has possibly confused it with the Aarpago of Buchanan-White, which, in its turn, must fall before the older terms valve or clasp. The harpago is not, as Gosse has stated, a fusion of va/ve and harpe, but rather a simple va/ve which is destitute of any inner armature in the shape of a harpe. The term casper, as used by Pierce and by J. B. Smith, also cannot stand; Scudder has already employed the term for another portion,:viz., the va/ve. The hook-like process arising from the central portion of the inner side of the 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. valve in the Noctuidz, while perhaps not absolutely identical with the Hlarpe as defined by Gosse, and which is typical in Papilionide and Sphingide, can, in our opinion, be designated by the same term, without -risk of confusion; whether the term could be safely employed for the “basal process’ of Scudder, as seen in many /fesperide, is rather doubtful. Pierce has applied various terms to the different portions of the valve and its armature ; these may be retained, but must probably be restricted in their use to the Noctuidz, owing to the difficulty of applying them correctly in the other lepidopterous families. We would refer readers to the work in question for a full list of these terms. Pierce’s use of Uncus and Scaphium appears to be correct ; he is wrong, however, in stating that the anal opening is ventral to the Scaphium ; as shown by Zander it clearly passes between these two appendages of the XIII segment. The Sudscaphium of Pierce, defined as a similar process te the Scaphium, but below the anus, is probably but a portion of the latter. The Ringwall of Zander is termed /uxta by Pierce; like most other — authors he has fallen into the error of considering the blind pouch con- taining the retractory muscle to be the end of the Penis, which thus appears to receive the seminal duct through a lateral opening. His JEdoeagus is but the strongly chitinized distal end of the Penis proper, and his Vesica the Ductus ejaculatorius which, as previously stated, is eversible. In conclusion, we summarize the results of the above paper, and present the following list of terms for the more important portions, which we would recommend for general use : Valves or Clasps.—(=Warpes of Smith and Pierce). The two lateral outer appendages, ffarpe.—(=Clasper of Smith and Pierce). Inner hook-like armature of Valve, arising from or near base of same. Uncus.—Hook-like dorsal appendage of XIII segment. Scaphium.—Process arising immediately ventral to Uncus and anal opening. Ring-wall, Penis funnel or Juxta.—Chitinous cone at the base of the valves from which the Penis protrudes. FPenis.— A strongly chitinized rod-like structure projecting from the Penis funnel. (This is strictly speaking only the distal end of the organ, but for descriptive purposes all that need be considered). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : 189 Ducstus ejaculatorius or Vesica—A membraneous tube, passing through Penis, and sometimes seen protruding from its distal end, forming a sort of cap. Saccus.—A medio-ventral chitinous sac projecting forwards into the abdomen and attached to the anterior margin of XII segment. BIBLIOGRAPHY. Backer, G. /—Notes on the genitalia of a gynandromorphous Eronia hippia. Trans, Ent. Soc. Lond. 18g9r. Cholodkowsky, N.—Uber den Geschlechts-apparat von Nematois metalli- cus. Zeit. wiss. Zool. Bd. 42, 1885. Gosse, Ph. A —On the clasping organs ancillary to generation in certain groups of the Lepidoptera. Trans. Linn. Soc. znd Ser. Zool. Vol. II, pt. 6, 1883. ffaan, W. de.—Bijdragen tot de Kennis der Papilionidea. Leyden 1842. Hoffman, O.—Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Butaliden. Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1888. Hoffman, O.—Die deutschen Pterophorinen. Regensburg, 1895. Jackson, W. H.—Studies on the morphology of Lepidoptera. London, 1890. Leytoureau, §. A.—Contributions a l’téude de la morphologie de l’armure génitale des Insectes. 1895. Pierce, F. N.—Genitalia of the British Noctuidee. Liverpool, 1909. Poljanec.—Zur Morphologie der ansseren Geschlechts organe bei den mannlichen Lepidopteren. Arb. Zool. Inst. Wien. XIII, rgor. Rothschild & Jordan.—Revision of Sphingide (Introduction), 1903. Scudder G Burgess—An asymmetry in the appendages of hexapod insects. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1870. Smith, 7. B.—Contributions towards a Monograph of N. Am. Noctuide. Proc; U. S, Nat: Mus., Vols. 12,13, 15, 21, 1889-98 ; Bull..U./S. Nat. Mus. 38, 1890. Stichel.—Kritische Bemerkungen uber die Artberechtigung der Schmett. Catonephele und Nessa. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1899. Zander.—Beitrage zur Morphologie der mannlichen Geschlechts anhange der Lepidopteren. Zeitsch. wiss. Zool. LXXII 557, 1903. 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE “EYE-SPOTS” OF AZAUS OCULATGS, BY F. ALEX. MCDERMOTT, WASHINGTON, D. C. The large elater, A/aus ocu/atus, whose pronotum bears the two large black-and-white eye-spots which give the insect its species name, is a prominent specimen in practically every large collection of Coleoptera in this country; and if not the ocudatus, then some of its near relatives, similarly marked, will surely be there. Usually, also, one will find in these collections, the cucuyo, Pyrophorus noctilucus, or some of its allies, whose thoracic portions bear two spots very similarly situated, but this time of a yellow colour and smaller, and during the life of the insect emitting that remarkable light, which was the basis of the researches of Langley and Very, ‘“‘On the Cheapest Form of Light.”* Those who observe these insects, either alive or dead, would naturaliy wonder whether the oculatus might not be luminous, or at least have beneath its chitin some structure indicating that the eye-spots were a degradation of the photogenic organs of the cucuyo. Inthe matter of classification, the insects are not particularly closely related ; both are elaters, to be sure, but in different subfamilies, and not very strikingly similar in their mode of life. The extremely hard chitin of the ocu/atus renders it a difficult subject for histologic work. However, the idea above mentioned, that there might be some sub-chitinous structure, occurred to the writer some time ago, and in pursuance thereof, he has attempted to gain some knowledge of the structure of these eye-spots, A number of sections have been made by hand, the sub-tissues being stained with acid carmine, and the mounting being in paraffin. While the general statement may be made that there is no special organic structure beneath these eye-spots, the observations upon them seem to justify publication, as a matter of interest, inasmuch as no previous paper appears to have been published on this point, so far as I have been able to ascertain, though to my knowledge, others have been interested in this same subject. Each spot consists of an elliptical, convex area, whose edge is de- pressed below the surrounding thoracic chitin. Under a low-power lens they appear to be covered with a dense, black pile, like black velvet, while the edge of the spots bears short, coarse white hairs. With higher. powers the velvety pile resolves itself a mass of flat, scale-like chitinous hairs, showing a few longitudinal ribs, and slightly concavo-convex. Their general shape under the lens resembles the chaff from grain. The white June, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 191 considerable friction must be applied to remove them from the surface of the spot. Neither the white nor the black hairs differ from the hairs of similar colour found on the elytra and other portions of the body. The hairs do not ordinarily grow singly, but bundles usually of from two to five spring from the same point, and at the base of each bundle there is a depression in the chitin; these depressions give the bared chitin an appearance as if etched with acid. The black hairs are dull black, the chitin shiny black. Under the “eye-spot” the chitin is somewhat thicker than that of the remainder of the thoracic covering. In common with the chitin of the remainder of the thoracic portion, that of the eye-spot is divided into three layers. The outer layer is quite thin, hard, brittle, opaque and jet black, and probably forms a kind of enamel ; the second layer is thicker, dark brown in colour, and dense and hard ; the inside layer is softer, lighter in colour, and very tough ; it is the thickest of the three layers, and appears to be somewhat vascular near its inner surface, though this appearance may be due to muscular attachments at this point. Directly under this inmost layer are the muscles of the thoracic cavity, in which could be seen the usual respiratory tracheze. No special structures were observed, and certainly nothing suggesting the structures found in luminous organs. Certainly none of the specimens the writer has seen alive has been luminous. While these spots appear to be somewhat more than merely a portion of the general scheme of pigmentation, it seems hardly likely they repre- sent any special sense organ. The thickened chitin is opposed to this view. It may, of course, be a rather extraordinary development of pro- tective colouration. In this connection it is of interest to note that related insects are found in various portions of North America, in some of which there is much more of the white colouration, with more pronounced ‘‘eye- spots” than in ocu/atus, while in some others these spots have dwindled until they are mere black specks. Somewhat related to this question in AZaus is that of the yellow spots on the elytra of the Indian Buprestid, Chrysochroa ocellata, which Latreille reported to be luminous, and in which he has been followed by a number of writers. Through the kindness of Mr. H. S. Barber, of the National Museum, I was permitted to examine specimens of this insect and closely-related species. This large and beautiful insect is coloured mainly in rich tones of red, blue and green-gold ; each elytron, however, bears a large, almost circular yellow spot, which lacks the metallic lustre 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of the remainder of the insect. ‘The colour of these spots is certainly not unlike that of the luminous organs of the Lampyrids, yet it is hard to imagine what possible use a truly diurnal insect would have for luminosity, and how it produces light in a portion so obviously unfitted for the delicate photogenic tissues as a thin, brittle elytron. Some of the related species show an extension of the yellow spot into a band completely crossing the elytra, together with a similar colouration along the front edge and a portion of the sides of the wing-cases, while still others have nearly one-half of the elytra surface taken up with this yellowish, non-metallic: colouration. ON THE IDENTITY OF (7RICHOGRAMMA) NEOTRICHO- GRAMMA JAPONICUM (ASHMEAD). BY A. A. GIRAULT, URBANA, ILLINOIS. In the first pages of the current (1911) volume of the Transactions of the American Entomological Society, I described a new Japanese genus of the family Zrichogrammatide based on this species, whose identity at the time was more or less uncertain. The genus was JVeotrichogramma, and before japonicum was definitely known, the type species of the new genus was named acutiventre MS.; formerly, also, I identified the species as lV. acutiventre Girault MS., namely, at the time the species was first seen by me. However, the error was corrected in the origina! description of the genus before publication, but it is desirable to make a brief explana- tion concerning the basis for claiming identity. This explanation should be expected, if not demanded, for the reason that we have already taken too much for granted in systematic work. Trichogrammatids have been especially difficult to identify, mostly for the reason that many of the species were wrongly placed as regards genera and also briefly, or else erroneously, described and the type speci- mens missing or in bad condition. For this reason it once seemed hope- less to me to attempt to identify more than a small fraction of the described species of these minute parasites. Because of the confusion existing in the literature concerning the definition of Z7ichogramma Westwood, and more especially because a comparatively large number of species of different genera had been described as members of this genus, I was forced to conclude that the position of japonicum was uncertain generically ; its brief original description gave no generic characters, the author of the species had previously described several common species of the family as members of Zrichogramma, which subsequently have been shown to be June, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. é 193 generically distinct, even from each other and his latest (Ashmead, 1904), diagnosis of Zrichogramma was wrong, and would lead to the belief that japonicum was entirely different structurally from what it really is; more- over, as I will show, it is variable in colouration, again misleading me, since the original specimens were black, those first in my possession yellowish-brown. The identity of this species was not suspected until some months after I had drawn up the description of JVeotrichogramma from the speci- mens which had been named in MS. acutiventre. In January, 1gtt, Dr. L. O. Howard very kindly sent to me for identification a second lot of the same kind of egg-parasites, consisting of six balsam slides labelled ‘Formosa, Japan, T. Shiraki.” (Bearing sub-labels ‘No. 35,” “No. 12” and ‘“‘No. 13,” respectively, bearing two males, one male plus two females, one male plus two females, two females, two females and one male in the order of their naming). The host was not given. All of these specimens were nearly black, with the exception of a single male of the ‘‘No. 13”; some were suffused with brownish. These specimens could not be separated from the others first seen by me,a part of which had been designated as the co-types of acutiventre MS., and they were consequently identified as that manuscript species, with a statement to the effect that perhaps the latter would prove to be identical with japonicum. Suspect- ing this to be true, after knowing of the colour variation and again con- sulting the literature, T addressed: Mr.-J. C. Crawford, of the U. S. National Museum, in regard to the types of zaponitcum heretofore not found, and he responded by sending me one male and four female spect- mens on tags, and which had been compared with the types (hence homo- types); these could not be separated from the specimes previously mentioned. They bore the label, ‘Ex eggs Chilo simplex, T. Fukal, Konosu, Saitama,” and were coloured like the second lot above, varying from brownish to black, and were from the same host as the specimens first seen by me. Subsequently Mr. Crawford generously sent one of the type specimens (a female), and it in turn, as was to be expected, proved to be identical with the other. Hence there can be no doubt that the specimens mentioned in foregoing, more especially those upon which Neotrichogramma was founded, are all japonicum Ashmead. ( Trichogramma) Neotrichogramma japonicum Ashmead is parasitic _on the eggs of the lepidopteron Cz/o simplex ; the specimens upon which Ashmead founded the species were stated to have been reared from 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. unknown lepidopterous eggs; probably they were reared from the same host. The species is fully redescribed in the place first cited above, but from the additional tagged specimens I have noted that the body is shiny, the sculpture inconspicuous, distinctly scaly, however, on the mesonotum ; the parapsidal furrows are complete. In black specimens the mesonctum is suffused with yellow sometimes, and in all of the dark variations, the antennee and legs remain unchanged or brownish-yellow. The usual colour, perhaps, is brown. TWO NEW GALL MIDGES. BY. MES. SEN Al BAIN: oe NIE Wig tO) RIK Toxomyia rubida, n. sp. This species appears to be closely allied to Zoxomyia fungicola Felt, from which it is most easily separated by its larger size, distinctly darker colour and presumably by a variation in food habit. It was reared February, 1911, by W. H.- Patterson, St.Vincent, W. -1-trometne eecidiospores of Uvromyces pist DeBary on the leaves of Huphorbia pilulifera. Male.—Length, 1 mm, Antenne nearly twice the length of the body, thickly haired, light brown ; 14 segments, the fifth having the basal portion of the stem with a length fully 21% times its diameter, the distal part with a length 3% times its diameter, the enlargements globose, each with a rather thick whorl of moderately stout setee and a subapical circumfilum, the loops of the latter extending to the base of the following segment, and as in Z! fungicola, they are produced on the dorsal surface somewhat ; terminal segment produced, the basal portion of the stem with a length six times its diameter, the distal enlargement subglobose and apically with long, finger-like process. Palpi: First segment subquadrate, with a length 14 greater than its diameter, the second % longer than the first, tapering distally, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, and the fourth 4% longer thin the third. Mesonotum yellowish-brown, the submedian lines yellowish. Scutellum and postscuteilum yellowish, Abdomen yellowish-orange. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, the third vein joining the margin just beyond the apex of the wing, the fifth at the distal third, its branch just before the basal half. Halteres yellowish- ; transparent. Legs mostly pale straw, the distal tarsal segments darker ; claws moderately stout, strongly curved, the anterior unidentate, the pulvilli rudimentary. Genitalia: Basal clasp segment moderately stout, Juze, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 195 truncate ; terminal clasp segment slightly swollen basally, long and evenly curved ; dorsal plate short, broad and broadly triangularly emarginate, the lobes obliquely truncate and sparsely setose ; ventral plate moderately long, slender, broadly and roundly emarginate, the lobes diverging, moderately stout, setose ; style long, stout, broadly rounded. Female.—Length, 1.2 mm. Antenne nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, yellowish-brown ; 14 segments, the fifth witha stem % the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length three times its diameter ; subbasai whorl sparse, subapical band scattering 3 circumfili moderately high and irregular; terminal segment produced, with a length over three times its diameter, the apical process stout, with a length over twice its diameter. Mesonotum yellowish-brown, the sub- median lines yellowish. Scutellum reddish-brown ; postscutellum yellow- ish. Abdomen rather thickly haired, yellowish-brown. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes narrowly lanceolate, with a length about 2% times the width and rather thickly setose, there being two especially stout sete apically. Type.—Cecid a2z1q4o, N. Y. State Museum. Lobodiplosis coccidarum, n. sp. This remarkably interesting form was reared by W. H. Patterson, St. Vincent, W. I., in February, 1911, from larve preying on the eggs of Dactylopius citrt. A study of other forms having similar habits, and an examination of the original description of Diplosts coccidarum Ckll., convinces us that the earlier-described species is very different from the one under consideration. This latter is tentatively referred to the genus Lobodiplosis because of the rudimentary lobe on the basal clasp segment, though the strongly-reduced terminal clasp segment and the lack of chitinization in the harpes, so conspicuous in typical species referable to this genus, evidences a different line of development. Description.—Male: Length, .75 mm. Antenne % longer than the body, thickly haired, light brown; 14 segments, the fifth having the basal portion of the stem with a length 4 greater than its diameter, the distal part with a length 2% times its diameter ; basal enlargement sub- globose, subbasal whorl thick, moderately long, the circumfilum with Tather numerous stout loops reaching almost to the base of the pro- duced distal enlargement, which latter has a length 14 greater than its diameter, a sparse whorl of stout setee and subbasal and subapical circum- fili, the lobes of the circumfilum extending almost to the apex of the 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. segment ; terminal segment produced, the basal portion of the stem with a length five times its diameter, the distal enlargement produced, swollen at the distal third and with a length about 2% times its diameter, the apex irregularly obtuse. Palpi: First segment subquadrate, the second subrectangular, with a length over twice its diameter, the third narrowly oval, a little shorter than the second, the fourth 14 longer than the third, slender. Mesonotum dark reddish, the submedian lines yellowish-red. Scutellum yellowish-red, slightly fuscous apically ; postscutellum yellowish- red. Abdomen reddish, the distal margins of the segments slightly fuscous, especially the apical segment. Wings hyaline, costa light brown, sub- costa joining costa at the basal third, the third vein uniting with the margin at the apex of the wing, the fifth at the distal fifth, its branch at the basal - half. Halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxz, femora and tibis mostly a light fuscous-yellowish, the tarsi darker, the apical segments nearly black ; claws long, very strongly curved, the anterior unidentate, the pulvilli about half the length of the claws. Genitalia: Basal clasp segment moderately long, stout, obliquely truncate, the lateral angles produced as rudimentary setose lobes ; terminal clasp segment stout, with a length hardly twice its diameter, excavated and broadly rounded apically, setose ; dorsal plate moderately long, deeply and triangularly incised, the triangular lobes tapering to a sparsely setose apex; ventral plate long, deeply and roundly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded apically and sparsely setose ; style stout, very strongly curved, narrowly ° rounded apically. Female.—Length, 1.2 mm, Antenne nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous-yellowish ; 14 segments, the fifth having a stem about 4 the length of the subcylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length twice its diameter; subbasal whorl moderately thick, sub- apical band thick, the sete strongly curved ; terminal segment subcylindric, with a length over twice its diameter and apically with a short, knob-like appendage. Mesonotum dark red, the submedian lines yellowish-red. Scutellum reddish, slightly fuscous apically; postscutellum reddish. Abdomen sparsely setose, deep red, the dorsal sclerites and the posterior 24 of the segments dark red; venter bright red. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes narrowly lanceolate, with a length about twice the width and rather thickly setose. Other characters about as in the male. Type-—Cecid az2141, N. Y. State Museum. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 197 ADDITIONS TO THE JASSID FAUNA OF N. A. (HOMOPTERA.) BY E. D. BALL, LOGAN, UTAH. Thamnotettix Schwartsi, n. sp. Form and structure of Osdorni nearly, slightly longer and narrower, colour of geminata. Smoky cinereous, with two round black spots on front of head, and two angled ones on scutellum. Length, 5 mm. Vertex blunt, rounding into front as in Osdornz, but still shorter, margins almost paraliel, twice wider than long, but little over half the length of the pronotum. Front inflated, parallel margined to just before the apex. Elytra long and narrow, very closely appressed, giving the insect a wedge-shaped appearance. Venation similar to Osboraz, the third apical cell extremely long and narrow. Colour.—Vertex pale yellow, slightly washed with orange, the ocelli red, a pair of round black spots between them equidistant from the ocelli and each other. Face pale yellow, the sutures dark, a few short smoky arcs on lower part of front. Pronotum cinereous. Scutellum yellow, a triangular black spot just within each basal angle. Elytra cinereous, the costal margin subhyaline, a narrow smoky stripe at apex. Veins of clavus and claval suture pale, veins on corium and a line along the claval suture smoky, emphasized on a line which follows the outer sector omit- ting its outer branch, and ends in the margin of the third apical cell. Genitalia.—Female segment one-half as long as its width, posterior margin slightly rounding or sinuate, with a slight median projection as wide as the ovipositor. Male valve short, plates together gibbous at base and then rapidly narrowing into long, attenuate tips, one-third longer than their basal width. Described from a pair from Dewey, Utah, collected by J. R. Horton, and one female from Ash Fork, Arizona, collected by Barber and Schwartz, and received from the U. S. National Museum. Named in honour of Dr. Schwartz, of the National Museum, whose collecting in Utah, Arizona and New Mexico has added so much to the knowledge of the Homoptera of this region. Lhamnotettix Kirkaldyi, n. sp. Form of Osborni nearly, closely resembling gemznata, smaller and with a more inflated vertex than either. Length, 9 4mm.; g¢ 3.5 mm. Vertex rounding, one-half longer on middle than against an eye and nearly as long as pronotum. Anterior margin rounding into front. Front June, 1911 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. rather narrow and almost parallel margined until just before the apex. Elytra moderately long, appressed behind, costal margin curved, giving the insect a stout appearance. Venation regular, often an extra veinlet or two on the claval area, the third apical cell somewhat narrowed. Colour.—Vertex creamy yellow, a pair of round black spots between the ocelli as in Schwartzz, another pair just outside and posterior to the ocelli, and a third and smaller pair equidistant from each other and the eyes at the base. Sometimes some brown markings midway between these and the apical pair assume the appearance of a pair of spots. Face creamy, the sutures and arcs on lower part of front, smoky brown. Pronotum cinereous, a row of submarginal dots set off by an arcuated line and some irregular mottlings on disc fuscous or brown. Scutellum creamy yellow, a pair of angular spots just inside the basal angles, the impressed line and a pair of round dots on anterior disc black. Elytra cinereous, shading to subhyaline on the margin, the nervures light, a narrow dark, smoky stripe in the ceils between the claval nervures and another wider one just inside the outer sector of the corium, ending in the third apical cell. Genitalia, Female segment twice wider than long, the lateral angles rounding, the posterior margin triangularly emarginate, one-third the depth of the segment, with a strap-shaped tooth in the centre of the emargination as long asthe segment. Male valve short, rounding, plates together, rounding at base, then narrowly attenuately pointed and up- turned. Described from ten examples from Tia Juana, San Diego and Salinas, California, collected by the author. This distinct little group of the genus already contains the names of Heidemann, who has made many eastern forms known; of Osborn, who has done so much in the Mississippi Valley ; of Schwartz, for the intermountain region ; of Coquillett, to whom we owe much of our knowledge of the Coast fauna, and it seems but fitting that we should add the name of Kirkaldy, who has done an immense amount of work on our Pacific Island fauna and whose recent untimely death is mourned by all. Thamnotettix intricata, n. sp. Resembling favocapitata in size and form, slightly smaller, darker, with irregular reticulate veinlets. Rusty brown, with darker spots on vertex and milk white markings on elytra. Length, 5 mm. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 Vertex slightly obtusely angled, the apex pointed, conical, half longer on middle than against the eyes, as long as the pronotum, slightly longer than its basal width, disc slightly sloping, anterior margin rounding to the full front except at the apex. Front and clypeus as in ded/z. Elytra long, inclined to be flaring posteriorly. Venation regular, but often obscured by numerous irregular reticulate veinlets on the clavus and in the ante- apical cells. Colour.—Vertex pale, heavily washed with rusty brown, usually omit- ting a pale band before the eyes and often intensified as an oblique brown-dash either side the pointed apex. Face pale, with short brownish fuscous arcs and still darker sutures. Pronotum rusty or chocolate brown, with an anterior arcuated submarginal line paler. Elytra rusty or chocolate brown, with the nervures lighter, the irregular reticulations are usually strongly milky white and there is usually an oblique subhyaline light area beyond the middle of the costa. The apical cells smoky, with the nervures light. Genitalia.—Female segment long, truncate or slightly concave pos- teriorly, with a broad angular median emargination, from which arises a strap-shaped tooth considerably exceeding the segment. Male valve triangular, apex round, plates strongly transversely convex, long, attenuate with the margins thickly beset with long hairs. Described from four females and one male from San Francisco, collected by the author in September. The reticulate venation and white nervures will readily separate this species from any other described. Thamnotettix rupinata, n. sp. Form and general appearance of zutricata, but lacking the super- numerary veinlets, Reddish or greenish brown, with a bisected black spot on the apex of vertex. Length, 5 mm. Vertex slightly obtusely angular, the apex rounding, half Jonger on middle than against either eye, as wide as its median length in the female, narrower in the male, face long and narrow as in zztricata. Elytra long and narrow, inclined to be closely appressed in the male, with the tips flaring, venation typical, regular, without extra veinlets. Colour.—Vertex orange yellow, a large semi-circular black spot on the apex, bisected by the narrow, white median line, face pale, with nar- row sutures and traces of arcs brown. Pronotum greenish or reddish brown, with a pale anterior margin, accentuated in the centre. Scutellum pale yellow, the basal angles olive. Elytra olive subhyaline with a reddish 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. brown cast. The venation obscure except the veinlets surrounding the apical cells, which are a dark rusty brown. ‘The apices of claval veins milky white. Genitalia.—Female segment moderately long, truncate posteriorly, with a median emargination and produced tooth as in 7ztricata. Male valve small, inconspicuous, rounding, plates long, triangular, slightly attenuately pointed. Described from two males and three females taken at San Francisco, California, in June and September, by the author. The large black markings and dark apical veinlets will at once separate this species from its allies. Athysanus ( Conosanus) Uhleri, n. sp. Resembling anthracinus, but slightly larger and lighter coloured and with a more pointed vertex and shorter elytra. Black, with orange mark- ings and pale nervures. Length, 2 4.5 mm. Vertex slightly obtusely angular, the margins straight, twice wider than long, nearly twice longer on middle than against the eye. Pronotum half longer than vertex. Elytra broad and short, about equalling the body, posteriorly roundingly truncate. Venation as in authracinus, the central anteapical cell scarcely narrowed, apical cells broad and short, rarely much longer than wide. Colour.— Black, a line on base of vertex with a point extending for- ward on either side, a pair of oblique spots against the eyes, a few spots near apex of vertex and on anterior part of pronotum, a pair of irregular stripes on scutellum and the elytral nervures yellow. A few traces of pale in the discal cells. Face black, a few short yellow arcs. Legs black, the anterior and middle pair abruptly yellow from just before the apex of femora. Hind tibia with the spines yellow. Genitalia.— Female segment but little longer than penultimate, pos- terlor margin roundingly produced on median half, the lateral angles produced. Described from two females collected by the writer at Ames, Iowa. In the Osborn and Ball Review this species was confused with the one described as p/utonius Uhler. That is, however, a longer and narrower species, with a wider head and fuscous banded femora. Athysanus (Commellus ) estacadus, i. sp. Resembling Curtzszz in size and general appearance, but with a flatter, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 201 black margined vertex. Straw yellow, with venation and margin of elytra light. Length, 3.5 mm. Vertex almost flat, slightly transversely convex, a trifle shorter than its basal width. The anterior margin broadly obtusely angled, vertex and front meeting in an acute angle, the margin subacute. Front resembling Osborni, in general form, slightly more convex. Pronotum as in Osboruz, slightly shorter ; elytra as in Curtzstz, scarcely longer than the abdomen ; venation distinct, regular, resembling Curfzs7z except that the outer apical veinlets are decidedly curved. Colour.—Almost uniform bright straw yellow, vertex with the margins light, a broad black band just back of the anterior margin, pronotum with a narrow, light, median band. Elytra with the nervures and margins light, the ground color intensified against the broader veins and margins. Face pale, a black spot on the clypeus, front fuscous with a median stripe, the upper margin and about six pairs of short arcs pale yellow. Genitalia.—Female segment short, scarcely one-third as long as its basal width, posterior margin slightly broadly emarginate, disc of the segments slightly tumid at the apex of emarginations and brown margins, giving the appearance of a broad median tooth. Described from three females from Texas, one of which was received through the kindness of E. P. Van Duzee. The black band on the vertex margin renders this quite distinct in our fauna. Deltocephalus fraternus, 0. sp. Resembling fectinatus, but larger and darker, with shorter, less flar- ing elytra, ashy gray, with large quadrate spots on vertex and pronotum and the margins of the elytral cells fuscous. Length, 2 4 mm.; 6 3-5 mm. Vertex long, acute, resembling fectzmatus, bat much longer, as long as in areodatus, nearly twice as long as the pronotum, disc flat, the mar- gins straight to the blunt tip. Pronotum short, transverse, set well into the concave posterior margins of the head. Elytra shorter, less flaring than in fectinatus. The apices inclined to be narrow, rounding and appressed, exposing the last abdominal segment in both sexes, Venation similar to fectinafus, the claval nervures irregular and usually tied to the margins, central anteapical cell divided, often into four cells, in which case the posterior three are small and nearly circular, usually four reflexed veinlets to the costa. 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Colour.—Grayish white, with a definite tawny tinge, vertex with the ivory apex broadly black margined, four large quadrate fuscous spots between the eyes and a triangular one between them and the apex, fuscous. Pronotum with six or eight angular and usually transverse spots. Elytra gray, with most of the nervures light, the cross nervures and reflex veinlets broadly light and mostly heavily fuscous margined. Face varying from black with a few pale arcs to black above and tawny brown below, but in any case the fuscous markings extend the entire length of the front on the sides. Genitalia. —Female segment short and broad, the lateral angles pro- duced into large, triangular, slightly depressed ears, posterior margin between the ears slightly convex, witha narrow median slit half way to base, the margins of which are usually produced into minute teeth, whole posterior disc of segment shining, black. Male valve long, triangular, stout, shining, the apex acutely pointed and slightly upturned, plates smaller, polished, narrow, only appearing as ridges outside the long valve’ and terminating as two finger-like projections fitting down into the inflated pygofers. Described from one female from Jacksonville, Florida (Mrs. Slosson), in the author’s collection, and three males and six females from St. Petersburg, Sanford, and Oaks, Florida, received from Mr, Van Duzee. The long vertex, with definite quadrate fuscous markings and the three small cells in the anteapical like the “three links,” renders this a striking and easily recognized species. Deltocephalus fraternus, var. mendosus, N. var. Smaller and paler than /raternus, with the fuscous spots on vertex only faintly indicated in pale brown, Length, 3.5 mm. Vertex shorter than in the species slightly variable, but with the same form at apex and with the black margin around the ivory tip, rest of marks on vertex and pronotum reduced to pale brownish traces. Elytra as in Jraternus or slightly shorter, venation the same except that in the shorter forms one of the “three links” may be obscure. Colour.—Grayish, washed with tawny, usually three black spots in a line on the elytra still remain, One against the cross nervure to claval suture, one against the ‘‘first” cross nervure and one against the apex of the third apical cell. Face black above, with light arcs, shading out to tawny below. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 203 Genitalia.—Female segment moderately long, posterior margin slightly concave, the median fifth excavated, the excavation gradually or abruptly narrowing to a slit as in fraternus, posterior disc with a quadran- gular black area. Described from five females from Estero, Florida, received from Mr. Van Duzee. This may possibly represent a distinct species, the size and colour are always slightly variable in this group and are not specific. There appears, however, to be quite a difference in genitalia, although both are of the same general type and both slightly variable. A longer series will be necessary to definitely determine whether this is an extreme form adapted to some slightly different faunal region or a distinct species. Deltocephalus micarius, n. sp. Resembling Weedzi, but larger and with longer and more flaring elytra. Brownish straw, with five stripes on pronotum, and nervures light. Length, 3.5 mm. Vertex flat, almost twice as long, at apex as against eye, right-angled in front, the margins straight, the apex not at all produced as it is in Weedit and compactus, face as in Weediz, pronotum with the anterior mar- gin strongly arched, elytra long and narrow, inclined to be flaring posteriorly, extending considerably beyond the abdomen in both sexes. Venation similar to that of Weedzz, the outer claval area strongly reticulated with central anteapical celi elongated, constricted through the median portion and usually divided by a broad union of the nervures for some distance. Colour.—Pale brownish straw, the vertex washed with orange, the margins and median line narrowly light, a pair of minute spots just back of the ivory apex and a larger pair midway to the ocelli black. Pronotum with traces of olive on the disc and five narrow light stripes. Elytral nervures light, slightly margined with brownish, which shade into fuscous against the first cross nervure to claval suture, again on the first cross nervure between the sectors and almost filling the apical cells, face fuscous brown, with short arcs on front and concentric markings on gene light. Genitalia.—Female segment short, the lateral angles rounding into the posterior margin, which is nearly straight except for a small median tooth. Male valve small, short, plates small, the outer margin concavely narrowing to the rather broad, truncate tips. _ Described from two pairs from Seven Oaks, and Sanford, Florida, collected and sent by E. P. Van Duzee. In head characters this species 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. approaches closely to the Sayz group, but the reticulate venation allies it with Weedii and compactus. Phlepsius nudus, . sp. Form of rvamosus and occidentalis nearly. Stout, with a foliaceous ver- tex and sparse reticulation. Length, 9? 6mm.; ¢ 5 mm. Vertex roundingly right-angled, disc flat or depressed, anterior mar- gin thin and produced beyond the line of the front, front broad above, regularly narrowing from just below the ocelli to the straight clypeus. Pronotum short, scarcely longer than vertex. Elytra broad, short, venation tion distinct, regular. Colour.—Dirty straw, slightly tawny on vertex, disc of pronotum and angles of scutellum washed with brown, disc of scutellum pale, with a pair of brown points, elytra subhyaline, slightly milky, with the veins and a few scattered reticulations, tawny brown, face brown. Genitalia.—Female segment long, truncate behind, surface strongly convex, with a sharp, median carina on disc and traces of two faint lateral ones. Male valve equilaterally triangular, the apex rounded, plates nar- row, together long, spoon-shaped, three times the length of the valve, the apices narrowly rounding. Described from a male from Seven Oaks, Florida, and a female from Fort Meyers, Florida, received from Mr. Van Duzee. This is the smallest of the Aumitdus group ot Phlepsids and is easily recognized by the lack of reticulation on the elytra. SHORT NOTES ON INSECTS. We wish to call your attention to the Editor’s request on page 314, Vol. XLII, for notes on habits, food-plants, unusual captures of insects, etc., particularly Canadian species. Not only would such short notes add to the interest of this magazine, but would greatly heip those connected with issuing the numbers in filling up spaces. It should be a simple matter to comply with this repeated request during the summer months, at all events. AS. eave ERRATA.—Vol. XLIII, page 42, line 4, after type insert the word and, page 8o, line 11 from foot, for Vol. VIII read XXXV///7,; page 83, lines 3 and 5, also page 85, under figure, for zerce read zeroé; page 145, line 18, for donating read denoting. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 205 A NEW GEOMETRID GENUS, AND A NEW SPECIES FROM THE EXTREME SOUTHWEST. BY RICHARD F. PEARSALL, BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. (Continued from page 332, Vol. XLII.) In continuing my paper, the title becomes doubly appropriate, for it is necessary to erect still another genus for the reception of a species, whose position would seem to fall between Pherne Hulst and Stenaspilates Pack., although it differs from these associated genera in having veins 6 and 7 long-stemmed in secondaries. It is to be regretted that none of the examples before me isa ¢, so that my diagnosis refers only to the 9? form, but I seek to supplement it by pre- senting a figure of the venation herewith, and call the genus Apicrena, nov. gen. ? .—Palpi long, beak-like, the terminal joint long and drooping ; antenne long, strongly pectinate to tips. Front loose scaled, with conic hair-tuft above clypeus. Tongue developed, thorax and abdomen without tufts, the latter heavy. Fore tibiz unarmed, hind tibiz long, slightly swollen, with two pairs of spurs. Primaries long, falcate at apex, margin doubly crenate to vein 4, straight to anal angle, 12 veins, ro and 11 fromcell, 8, 9 and 10 joining beyond cell at a point, 11 barred with 12 above cell, 6 and 7 from point, 3 and 4 separate. Secondaries rounded at apex, margin with a strong excision between veins 6 and 4, vein 8 parallel to cell for half cell’s length, 5 wanting, 6 and 7 long stemmed, 3 and 4 separate. No fove present. Fic. 11.—Venation of Apicrena, nov. gen. Type Apicrena calcaria, n. sp. Expanse, 32 mm. All above white, more or less sprinkled with pale chocolate scales, the primaries, thorax and head being quite evenly coloured and darker, while the abdomen and secondaries are nearly white, the latter thinly sprinkled, but shading slightly darker toward margin. Along costa of primaries a few fine black scales are scattered, clustering June, 1911 206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. somewhat toward apex and darkening it. In one specimen a few ochreous scales are clustered centrally on thorax and at sides of abdomen. The basal and extradiscal are firm, rather broad, pure white lines. The former starts from costa one-fourth out, running straight, or nearly so, toa point on inner margin, more than half way out to anal angle. ‘The latter one-fifth from apex runs to inner margin, curving slightly outward at centre, and again before reaching inner margin, about 2 mm. outside the point touched by basal line. Another indefinite white line traverses the subterminal space centrally, running toward outer margin to vein 5, thence parallel to extradiscal, reaching inner margin just within anal angle. Discal dots on primaries are white, in one example small, obscured, in the others large, linear, and clubbed at lower end. None on secondaries. Fringes the colour of wings. Beneath the primaries are dusky, darkened submarginally and sprinkled with fine black atoms along costa and at apex. The cross lines are faintly reproduced as above. The outer clear white at costa. The subterminal shows only from costa to vein 7 asaclear white dash. Secondaries as above, but have an indefinite extradiscal white line from costa two-thirds out, parallel with outer margin nearly to anal angle, where it is lost in the white scaling which covers this and all the basal portion of wing. Outside this line the subterminal space is dusted with :pale chocolate scales. No discal dots beneath. Body beneath and legs dusky white, lightly powdered with chocolate. Types.—Two Qs, taken IV 12, in Yuma Co., Arizona, one of which is in the author’s collection, the other in Rutger’s College collection at New Brunswick, N. J. Chlorochlamys appellaria, n. sp. Expanse, 13 mm. Palpi short, slender, somewhat porrect. Front broad, dull red-brown. Antenne, vertex, thorax, abdomen and all wings above have a ground colour of creamy or pale clay-yellow scales, solid and glistening. Over this is spread a thin covering of pink scales, sparingly on the pectinations of antennze and central area of thorax, rather heavily on base of patagie, along sides of thorax and on basal segments of abdomen, leaving its tip and a dorsal line clear. ‘The latter broadens on basal segments, running into central thoracic area. All wings above evenly dusted with pink scales, giving them a mottled appearance, and leaving the cross Zines and a narrow costal band of the ground colour. These lines cross all wings, as in our THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 207 common chloroleucaria Guenée, though more slender and slightly waved. No discal dots. Fringes of ground colour, pinkish at base. All wings beneath and body a paler clay-yellowish, the primaries subcostally and near base faintly tinged with pink, as:arealso the femora. No cross lines apparent or discal dots. Types.—Two gs, taken VIII 19, in Yuma Co., Arizona. One of these in the author’s collection, the other in that of Rutger’s College at New Brunswick, N. J. The following well-known species were also present from localities as noted: Hydriomena neomexicana Hulst.—1 2, Doble, Calif., August. Hydriomena grandiosa Hulst., =implicata Guen.—1 ¢ Walters’ Sta., Calif., April. Pigia multilineata Hulst.—2 ¢s, 1 9, Yuma Co., Arizona. Euacidalia sericiata Pack.—1 ¢, Yuma Co., Arizona. Cosymbia myrtaria Guen. p—1 2, Yuma Co., Arizona. Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria Guen.—2 ¢s, Yuma Co., Arizona. Dichorda illustraria Hulst.—1 9, Yuma Co., Arizona. Fernaldella fimetaria G. & R.—14 fs, 3 9, Yuma Co., Arizona. Chloraspilates profugaria H. Sch.—1 @, Yuma Co., Arizona. Deilinia perpallidaria Grote.—1 ¢, Yuma Co., Arizona. Deilinia carnearia Hulst.—1 ¢, Yuma Co., Arizona. Sciagraphia mellistrigata Gr.—7 @s, Yuma Co., Arizona, and Walters’ Sta., Calif. Sciagraphia heliothidata Guen.—1 ¢, Yuma Co., Arizona. Macaria S-signata Pack.—2 ¢s, Yuma Co., Arizona. Sciagraphia irrorata Pack.—10 ¢s, 2 9s, Yuma Co., Arizona, and Walters’ Sta., Calif. Euemera juturnaria Gu., var. californiaria Pack.—4 6s, Doble, Calif., August. Alcis depromaria Gr. ?—2 ?s, Yuma Co., Arizona. Synglochis perumbraria Hulst.—1 2%, 1 9, Yuma Co., Arizona. Sabulodes truxaliata Guen.—2 2, Doble Calif., August. CORRECTION OF NAME IN DIABROTICA. At the top of page g2 of your current volume I note a typographical error, the name should be semzsuz/cata in place of semisuclata as_ printed. FRED. C. BOWDITCH. 208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SOME INSECTS FROM STEAMBOAT SPRINGS, COLO.—III. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. COLEOPTERA. Determined by Mr. Chas. Schaeffer, except the Histerid, which was determined by Mr. George Lewis. Elaphrus lecontet Crotch.—Previously known in Colorado only from Buena Vista. Platynus sinuatus Dej.—Not in Wickham’s Colorado list ; reported from New Mexico. Platynus piceolus Lec. ?—Widely distributed in Western Colorado. Gyrinus affinis Aubé.—Reported from “Colorado” by Ulke. Pederus compotens \.ec.—Reported from Canon City and Buena Vista. Llippodamia spuria Lec.—Widely distributed. Saprinus vitiosus Lec.—Many specimens, differing greatly in size. A species of California and Arizona, new to Colorado. Canthon simplex, var. corvinus Horn. Canthon simplex, var. humeralits Horn.—New to Colorado. Aphodius alternatus Horn.—Widely distributed in Colorado. Diplotaxis obscura Lec. Limonius, sp. , Acmeops longicornis Kirby.—Common in Colorado. Orsodachna atra Ahr.—Common in Colorado. Chrysomela lunata Fabr., var.—A pretty insect, found in some numbers. Phyllotrox nubifer Lec. Pseudanthonomus validus Dietz.— Reported from “Colorado” by Dietz. Lilleschus ephippietus Say. NEUROPTEROID INSECTS. Determined by Mr. N. Banks. Tanionema analis Banks. Chrysopa, 1. sp. (near ociata ). Raphidia oblita Hagen. Brachycentrus stmilis Banks.—Described from Colorado. HYMENOPTERA. Determined by Mr. S. A. Rohwer. Aphlidyctium rubripes Cresson.—Both sexes. The species was de- scribed from a female collected by Morrison in Colorado. Ancistrocerus sexcingulatus Ashmead.—Both sexes. I have also col- lected this at Eldora, Colorado, Aug. 19, at flowers of Grindelia subalpina. June, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 209 A NOTE ON THE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRESTWICHIA AQUATICA LUBBOCK. BY A. A. GIRAULT, URBANA, ILL. This peculiar aquatic trichogrammatid has been so very little under- stood in regard to its essential characteristics—its systematic position has long been disputed and its characteristics erroneously described—that I have drawn up the following descriptive notes. In the first place, I desire to confirm its present position as a member of the Trichogram- matide ; and secondly, to state that I have before me several females of it which agree exactly with the generic characteristics as at present understood, and with the specific characters of the female as described originally by Lubbock, and in general as recently figured by Schmiedek- necht. The specimens were very kindly sent to me by Dr. Richard Heymons, Director of the Konigl. Zool. Museum at Berlin, in the vicinity of which place it was collected. It should be understood that the figure of the female given by Schmiedeknecht is not correct in regard to the details of structure. The same is true of the figure of the male given by Willem. The following description is appended : Female.— Length, 1.45 mm., including ovipositor. General colour black-brown; legs, antenne, all of thorax except pronotum and mesoscutum, which are brown, tip of abdomen and sheaths of ovipositor (last abdominal segment) and the ovipositor itself, gamboge ; distal or third tarsal joint and tip of ovipositor darker. Mesoscutum with distinct polygonal sculpture. Colours contrasting and characteristic. Wings appearing as described and figured by Willem for the male, excepting that with these specimens a strong vein runs along the cephalic wing margin of the minute fore wing, terminating before tip (the wings are not developed to perfectness in the specimens before me, and casually appear like those of the male ; in one specimen, however, I could plainly discern the shrivelled portions of both a fore and posterior wing). Legs long and slender, the cox large, rounded, those of the posterior legs much larger, conical, as long as the slender, proximal tarsal joints of those legs ; femora only slightly thickened ; tibize long and slender, setigerous : tarsi plainly 3-jointed, the joints long, longer in the caudal tarsi, there the proximal tarsal joint longest, over a third longer than the posterior tibia, long and slender but not greatly so ; proximal tarsal joint of the cephalic legs short. Tibial spurs single, slightly curved, short, shorter on the June, 1911 210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. cephalic leg, cephalic tibial spur terminating in three fine spine-like points; strigils absent. A pair of rather distinct claws on each tarsus. ‘Tro- chanters pallid, weakly 2-jointed. Antenne : Scape, pedicel, minute ovate ring-joint, one funicle joint and a 3-jointed club. Scape cylindrical, moderately long, curved, about twice the length of the rather long pedicel, slightly longer than the flagellum ; ring-joint cup-shaped, very small, often completely hidden, appearing as a small bulb-like base at the funicle joint; pedicel long-ovate, nearly thrice longer than broad at the apex, obconic, nearly as long as the club ; the single funicle joint small yet very much larger than the ring-joint, longer than wide, subcuneate, narrower than the pedicel and the club, and subequal in length to the proximal club joint. Club 3-jointed, ovate, the intermediate joint somewhat longest, the proximal joint slightly wider than long ; articulation between the second and third joints indistinct, apparently absent in some cases. Pubescence apparently absent. Mandibles with two distinct, equal, acute teeth ; three normal ocelli on the vertex, the lateral ones near to but not touching the eye margins. Pronotum short, parapsidal furrows complete, distinct, curved ; sides of abdomen clothed with sparse, long, stiff hairs, in more or less distinct, weak clusters. Abdomen long and pointed, the ovipositor exserted for about half its length (protected by the valves nearly to tip)*; abdomen sessile. Abdominal segments largey, distinct ; scutellum and metathorax simple, weak but rather large. Eyes naked. (From three specimens, two-thirds-inch objective, one-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.). The foregoing notes taken from three females, Berlin, Germany, mounted together on a slide and deposited in the collections of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, II], as accession No. 44,232. The species, though aquatic and swims with its legs, shows no marked adaptive structures for such a life; the hairs along each side of the abdomen, however, probably serve to protect the spiracles from the water. *T can make out but six abdominal segments, the sixth or last one being long and tubular, reachirg nearly to the end of the ovipositor and completely sheathing its valves. Hence, in one sense only the distal end of the ovipositor is exserted. +The tubular distal segment is nearly a third as long as the remainder of the abdomen. The fifth segment of the abdomen is conical, rather broad at base and taken in conjunction with the sixth, which it enfolds at the latter’s base, dorsad, is as long as half of the abdomen ; the other segments are rectangular, somewhat wider than long, their margins straight. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 211 TWO NEW SPECIES OF CYNIPID4&. BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, American Museum of Natural History, New York. Andricus Yosemite, sp. nov. Female. — Head, thorax, scutellum and abdomen deep black. Antenne and legs dark pitchy brown. Head distinctly granulated. Antenne 15-jointed, third joint a little longer than the fourth. Thorax distinctly rugulose. Parapsidal grooves fine and continuous. Anterior parallel lines smooth and shining, not extending to the middle of the thorax. Lateral grooves fine and only indistinctly visible. Pleure rugulose. Scutellum rugulose like the thorax, with two large shining foveze at the base; apex slightly curved, almost truncate. Abdomen smooth and shining. Wing hyaline, veins brown. Second cross-vein heavy and infuscated on each side. Radial area open. Cubitus continu- ous. Areolet large. Length, 3 mm. Gal/.—On the twig of Quercus chrysolepidis, in August. Polythala- mous. Irregularly rounded or almost globular, with a small nipple at the apex. Itis covered with many short spine-like projections. ‘The surface is also somewhat wrinkled. Light yellowish brown, with some of the spines tipped with pink. Inside it is completely filled with a light brown porous or pulpy substance, and at the base at the place of attachment to the twig are a number of hard oval larval chambers close together, and imbedded in the soft part of the gall. Diameter about 20 mm. Larval chamber 4 mm. long. Habitat.—Foot of Yosemite Falls, alt. 4,000 feet, Sierra Nevada, California. (Alfred C. Burrill.) Described from five females cut from the gall. The species is allied to A. singularis and A. Osten-Sackenit in sculpture of the head, thorax and scutellum. Andricus rugulosus, Sp. NOv. Female—Form robust. Head, thorax, scutellum and abdomen black. Legs: anterior pair dark brown, middle and hind pair pitchy brown-black. Antenne dark brown, in some examples almost black terminally. Head finely rugose, face with whitish hairs. Antenne 16-jointed, first joint stout, thickened at apex, second joint shorter, third and fourth long and almost of the same length, fifth and sixth shorter than the preceding, and of same length ; following joints shorter. Thorax distinctly rugose, subopaque. Parapsidal grooves broad and shining at June, 1911 Al2Z THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the scutellum, gradually becoming narrower and very fine at the collar. Median groove continuous, fine and narrow anteriorly, broad at scutellum. Anterior parallel lines fine, close to the median line and extending to the middle of the thorax. Lateral groove rather long. Pleure rugose, finer rugose on the mesopleure. Scutellum large, rugose, more so than the thorax, with a very narrow carina along the middle. Fovez at base distinct, shining, and widely separated. Abdomen globose, shining, and densely but minutely punctate. Wing hyaline, veins brown. Radial area open. Areolet very large. Cubitus not extending to the first cross-vein. Length, 2.75-4 mm. Gall.—Singly or in clusters of two to about eight, on the trunks of young trees or along the stems of very young shoots of red and black oaks (Quercus rubra and Quercus velutina) late in April until early in May (8th), when the leaves begin to develop. Monothalamous. Ovate or bud-like, somewhat rough and longitudinally ribbed. Bluntly pointed at the apex. Soft, fleshy and green when fresh, often tinged with red. Hollow inside. When mature they drop to the ground, and when old they turn brown and become thin-shelled, with a large chamber inside. Length, 5-6 mm.; width, 3-3.25 mm. Habitat.—New Jersey (Fort Lee district); New York (Van Court- landt Park). The perfect insect reaches maturity late in October, but does not emerge from the gall until April in the year following. The species is closely allied to Andricus (Trisolenta) saltatus Ashm. and punctatus Ashm. The gall exudes a honey-like liquid, which is greedily partaken by ants, and, like A. sa/tatus, has the power of jumping, due to the contrac- tion and sudden relaxation of the larva within. INBREEDING OF LEPIDOPTERA. At one of the meetings of the Montreal Branch last season, Miss Hutchinson, Leominster, Eng., exhibited a brood of larve of a Geometrid moth, Eupithecia consignata feeding on English hawthorn. These were descendants of a 9 taken in 1874 and in all these years of inbreeding no change has been noted, except that both larve and imagoes have lost their desire to escape if left uncovered.—A. F. WINN. Mailed June 2nd, 1911. Pern Te Chic Canadliay Eutomologist, ee Vou. XLITI. LONDON JULY. toi. No. 7 A FEW NEW IPID/. BY J. M. SWAINE, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUE. Ips borealis, n. sp.—Length, 34%-3% mm.; width, 1% mm. Sides parallel, smaller and more slender than g7zz. Head and prothorax black, elytra dark brown to black, legs and antenne lighter. Prothorax three- fourths as long as the elytra. _ Head rather prominent, globular, beak rather distinct with the angles square. Vertex and front convex ; whole upper part of head remarkably smooth and shining. Front with a faint transverse impression extending between the eyes. In one sex the front is nearly as smooth as the vertex, very finely punctured with extremely minute hairs ; in the other sex the front is densely, minutely granulate-punctate, and hairy below. These hairs from the front are brownish, slender, and erect. In both sexes the epistomal margin is densely fringed with yellowish or orange hairs ; and close to the margin, and parallel to it, is a row of close-set, short tubercles. The eyes are elongate, broadly rounded above, and faintly emarginate in front. The gene are sparsely punctured, aciculate, with large punctures below. The club is large, short-oval, with the first two sutures distinctly bisinuate. ° The pronotum is longer than wide, hardly wider than the elytra ; the sides are nearly parallel forward for three-fourths the length, then rapidly narrowed ; the caudal margin is obtusely angled at the middle, with the hind angles rounded. ‘The anterior half is rather coarsely tuberculate, as usual ; the posterior half is shining, coarsely and sparsely punctured with the punctures slightly tuberculate on the sides, and a wide, smooth, shining, median space. The elytral strize are but faintly impressed, except the sutural strize which are wide and deep; the strial punctures are medium in size, not close, and not regularly spaced ; those of the sutural strie are larger and closer. The intervals are wide and flat, and uniseriately punctured throughout their length. The punctures of the first two interspaces are closer and strongly granulate; those of the remaining interspaces are sparse on the disc, closer and granulate near the margin of the declivity ; 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. closer on the sides and granulate behind. The first declivital tooth, that of the second interspace, is distinct and acute ; the second and third are closely united ; the second acute, the third longer, blunt, and incurved ; the fourth is smaller, acute, and midway between the third and the raised apical margin. This raised apical margin is less elongate than in pévz. The tip of each elytron is raised into a minute recurved tubercle. The declivity is not deeply concave, coarsely, irregularly punctured, glabrous, with the sutures strongly raised. The body is clothed above and on the sides with long, coarse, erect, brownish hairs. The disc of the pronotum and the central region of each elytron are less hairy. The long hairs cf the elytra arise, as usual, from the interstrial punctures. The only sexual characters observed are those of the front. This species is closely allied to pzzz; but quite distinct in the frontal characters and the long hairs of the discal interspaces of the elytra. Ten specimens from spruce at St. Anthony, Newfoundland ; collected by Mr. C. M. Spencer of Macdonald College. Type specimen with the front smooth and very finely punctured. [ps longidens, n. sp.—Length, 234-34 mm.; slender cylindric, dark red to black, moderately clothed with long light hairs ; allied to /atidens but differs as below. The head 1s coarsely, rugosely punctured ; and has the front granulate, flattened, or faintly impressed transversely, with a narrow faint median carina extending to the vertex ; the epistoma deeply emarginate on the middle line, with the epistomal fringe thicker and bright yellow from the emargination ; the eyes broadly emarginate; the antennal club with the sutures bisinuate, nearly straight. The pronotum is longer than wide, distinctly impressed on each side near the middle, broadly rounded behind, slightly rounded and gradually narrowed on the sides, more rapidly cephalad of the middle, and narrowly rounded in front. The asperations of the front half of the pronotum are ~ of different sizes, the largest more or less concentrically arranged ; the hinder half is shining, with a smooth median space and small, sparse punctures on the disc, becoming larger on the sides. The pronotum is sparsely hairy except the centre of the disc which is nearly glabrous. The elytra have the sides parallel as far as the level of the upper margin of the declivity, then obliquely narrowed and squarely truncate, as viewed from above. The striz are distinctly impressed on the disc, less deeply on the sides, with the strial punctures large, quadrate, and owe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 215 closely placed. The sutural strie are rather narrower than u-ual, but deeply impressed. The interspaces are narrow, on the disc narrower than the strie ; and uniseriately punctured. These interstrial punctures are small at the base bnt become distinctly larger behind and are at times slightly confused near the declivital margin, where they are nearly as large as those of the strie. Near the lateral margin the interstrial punctures are also larger towards the base. Near the declivital margin the interspaces are strongly roughened by the large, close, strial and interstrial punctures. The punctures of the first two interspaces are granulate, more strongly near the declivity. The long hairs are, as usual, from the interstrial punctures. The declivity is nearly perpendicular ; flattened ; coarsely, not densely, punctured ; faintly pubescent ; with the sutural interspaces raised and very faintly convex in profile. The Geclivital armature is peculiar, and approaches that of Zztzdeus. The first tooth, that of the second interspace, is small, acute, and curved ventro-mesad. The second tooth is longer, sharp and nearly straight ; it arises from the anterior or dorsal margin of an acute ridge which extends downward to end abruptly (usually) just before the third tooth. This ridge is sometimes nearly entire, or it may crenate, emarginate, or bimarginate. When emarginate there is the appearance of an additional, small, blunt tooth. ‘The third tooth is like the second, long, slender, straight and acute, and is usually separated from the ridge mentioned above by a short intervai; it is succeeded, after a short interval, by the raised, acute, usually crenate apical margin. In some specimens (¢?) the second and third teeth are longer and blunt at the tip. Twenty specimens from Hemlock, at Ithaca, N.Y. This species differs from the /atidens Lec,, of California, its closest ally, in the longer pronotum, and distinct declivital armature. In Zatidens the second prominent tooth arises from the middle of the ridge. The published descripticns of /atzdens Lec. are given below. Original descrip- tion by Dr. LeConte, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 1874, V 72: “TZ. datidens— Cylindrical, brown, shining, clothed with long erect yellow hairs, prothorax more parallel on the sides than usual ; not much longer than wide ; more broadly rounded in front ; hind angles rounded ; disc sculptured as in 7: pint, more strongly impressed each side near the middle; elytral stric deep, closely punctured interspaces each with a row of punctures ; pos- terior declivity concave as usual ; subsutural denticle small, acute, next tooth broad, composed of the confluence of three cusps, of which the 216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. upper one is least developed and the middle one most prominent ; follow- ing this is a long acute tooth and then the usual apical acute margin. Length, .12 inch, 3 mm. California, Mr. Crotch. Smaller than Z: penz, with a shorter prothorax and very different elytral sculpture and armature.” Description by LeConte in Rhynchophora, page 367: ‘This species is smaller (3 mm.,.14 inch) than Z! pzuz, and of more slender form. It is easily distinguished from all the other species by the much more deeply concave declivity of the elytra ; the cusp of the second interspace is acute ; the teeth of the fourth and fifth are united together, forming a ridge, which has three distinct cusps, of which the middle one is more prominent ; the tooth between this ridge and the terminal margin is unusually prominent. The striw are composed of deep close-set punctures, and the interspaces are marked with rows of small punctures. The sutures of the antennal club are nearly straight.” Trypodendron betula, n. sp.— Length, 3-344 mm.; closely allied to /ineatus Oliv., with which it has commorly been confused in collections. Colour black, legs and antennz reddish, each elytron with a broad dusky- yellow vitta down the middle. Tbe head is subglobular in the female; retracted ; front convex, punctured, coarsely granulate and hairy ; epistoma carinate on the middle line and raised along the front margin ; eyes divided, interocular space hairy ; antennee from a small fossa between the ventral portion of the eye and the base of the mandible. Pronotum wider than long, 6:5, faintly margined and truncate behind ; sides nearly parallel behind and evenly rounded to the middle line in front, which is very slightly produced ; strongly roughened in front with transverse rugosities, which become small behind the middle, but are continued on the dorsum nearly to the base ; the sides behind are nearly smooth, finely punctured, with a smooth unpunctured spot on each side ; sparsely clothed in front with slender backward-pointing hairs. Proster- num narrow ; intercoxal process short, broadly triangular ; fore coxze sub- globose, sparsely hairy. Elytra longer than the combined width at the base, ro: 6, sides parallel as far as the level of the top of the declivity, then rapidly nar- rowed to the tip ; striz faint on the disc, impressed on the declivity and distinctly impressed near the lateral margins ; strial punctures very small — and shallow ; interstrial punctures of the disc extremely minute, those of the sides larger and with longer hairs; they are confused towards the declivity and at the base ; declivity oblique, not flattened, but with the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 217 first and second striz conjointly impressed, much as in /éveatus ; first and third interspaces of the declivity convex, forming the lateral margins of the impression ; the striz tend to be impressed on the declivity and the interspaces to be convex, as in /imeatus ; interspaces of the declivity with distinct, confused, setigerous punctures, making the declivity distinctly though sparsely hairy ; the interstrial punctures often minutely granulate. Femora stout, distal lobes well developed; fore tibia gradually widened ; regularly curved on the hind margin from near the base to the tip, and marked with a submarginal row of teeth distally, with small tubercles towards the base, and with sparse long hairs; front margin nearly straight, mucronate at the tip, with stout distal-pointing hairs apically ; outer face hairy, and with many sparse conical tubercles shorter than the submarginal teeth. Inner face concave towards the tip and sparsely hairy ; front margin bent inwards and tuberculate near the tip (this shows only from the inner side). First three segments of the tarsus stout, with few long hairs above, and pilose below; the fourth segment minute. The hind tibia is more slender, hind margin slightly curved unti- near the tip which is broadly rounded at the outer angle, with submarginal teeth as in fore-tibia; front margin nearly straight ; apical mucro more slender ; without tubercles on the outer face ; inner face with a row of spine like hairs extending from the mucro diagonally to near the hind margin. This row of stout hairs, with the distal part of the hind margin forms a groove for the reception of the tarsus. First three segments of the tarsus stouter. The antenna is reddish-yellow ; scape slender and strongly curved at the base, swollen at the apex, with the dorsal margin rather distinctly bent at the distal fourth, but not strongly angulate as in Z:zeatus ; sparsely hairy, with longer hairs from the dorsal surface. The funicle four, segmented, first segment large, swollen distally; second segment pedunculate, widened distally, third and fourth segments wider and shorter, saucer-shaped ; club longer than the funicle, oval, a little more strongly narrowed proximad, densely pubescent on both sides, with an acutely triangular, raised, more strongly chitinized portion at the basel which is sparsely pubescent. The antenna of meatus (from pine) differs in that the dorsal margin of the scape is sharply angled at the distal fourth; the second segment of the funicle is longer than in defude, with the sides nearly straight, except at the extreme base, and gradually widened ; the club is more elongate than in defw/e, with the sides slightly rounded and 218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. gradually widened from the nearly truncate, narrow base to near the apex, which is broadly rounded. Fic. 12.—Trypodendron betu'z, n. sp., antenna, Fic. 13.—T. lineatus Oliv., antenna. The male.—In the male the front is deeply and broadly concave, as in Ziveatus, with a median carina and the side margin of the depression fringed with long, erect, yellow hairs. ‘The depression is very sparsely and minutely granulate-punctate, with inconspicuous sete. The pronotum, from above, is wider than long, truncate before and behind, with the sides and angles slightly rounded. The asperations are but feebly developed. The hairs of the anterior half are long and curved backwards, and become shorter on the sides towards the base. The sculpture of the elytra is often coarser in the males, with the strize more distinct, and the declivital granules larger. The tibta of the fore leg differs from that of the female in being more slender until near the tip, where it is suddenly widened. The fringe of the front margin is longer and very thick distally, without the distal tubercles. The hind tibize are rather more slender ; hind margin toothed as before ; outer face with very long stout hairs, longer and tuberculate at the base on the hind margin ; front margin nearly straight, fringed with very long, slender, erect, wavy hairs ; a row of spine-like hairs acrois the inner face as in the female, but more strongly developed. ‘The first three segments of the tarsi are much stouter, flattened, and with the hairs from the under side longer than in the female. This species differs from /ézeatus 1n the colour markings to be described below, and as follows: The declivity of de¢u/@ is distinctly hairy and the declivital interspaces are confusedly punctured; the declivital THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 219 interspaces of /éxeatus are uniseriately granulate-punctate, and the declivity indistinctly pilose. The lateral striz of the elytra are impressed in betule ; in dineatus only the last is distinctly impressed. The male of éetu(e has a distinct carina in the depth of the frontal impression, and the hairs of the margin of the frontal impression and also of the anterior part of the pronotum are much longer than in Zineatus, The male of /ineatus has the carina usually faintly developed, and often represented by an anterior and posterior tubercle. The hind tibia of de/u/e has a fringe of very long slender erect and wavy hairs on the front margin; this fringe is represented in dzeafus by two or three of the long hairs. = am Yorn S a os fie es > ES ae SS aa By » DSS ree SS Los SS \\ a —S ZZ ‘ ae Se e3 Fic. 14.—T. betulz, n. sp., hind leg. Fic 15.—T. lineatus Oliv., hind leg. The colour markings of etude seem to be quite distinct from those of Zineatus. In dbetu/e the pronotum is dense black, and each elytron has the side and suture black, with a broad, dusky yellow band down the middle ; usually the two black borders meet at the tip. There is consid- erable variation in the width of these black and yellow bands, but never a bright coloration nor an approach to the typical markings of //neatus. In /ineatus the pronotum has the hind margin yellow or reddish. Each elytron has a black band along the side, the suture, and down the middle, with two yellow bands intervening, one between the lateral black border and the median black band, the other between the median black band and the black sutural border. The coloration is much brighter in Zneatus. 220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. In specimens from the Western Coast, which I have not separated from Jineatus, the yellow caudal border of the pronotum extends forward to cover almost the entire disc, leaving the front angles black. When specimens of either species are killed before completion of pigmentation, the bands are fainter, and the whole body may be yellowish. With a large number of specimens before me, I find no difficulty in separating the two species from colour markings alone, and they are quite distinct in the other characters described. I have taken the form which I consider /imeatus or dbivittata from conifers only, and detude only from deciduous trees. Type specimens, ¢ and 9, taken from Letu/a /utea at Ste. Aune de Bellevue, Quebec Province. Phiwotribus picee, n. sp.—Length, 2-24% mm.; width, .8 mm. Colour brown to black ; sparsely hairy ; form more slender than /7minaris or frontalis. Head subglobose ; front roughened by large, rather closely-placed punctures bearing slender yellowish hairs; above and on the sides minutely acupunctate ; epistomal region concave, bounded above by a crescentic ridge ; hairs from the concave area longer; antenne arising from above the outer angle of the mandibles, as in /¢minarzs and frontalis ; antennal grooves short and deep ; eyes entire and elongate. Pronotum with lateral margins slightly rounded, distinctly narrowed cephalad ; cephalic margin broadly rounded; caudal margin nearly straight, margined and deflexed; sparsely clothed with rather stout yellowish hairs arising frorn the sparsely placed, slightly tuberculate, very coarse punctures ; sceutellum minute. Elytra rather elongate, sides subparallel, strongly narrowed behind ; ventral margin of the declivity strongly serrate ; base of elytra raised and margined with stout, recurved, crescentic tubercles; deeply punctate-striate; strie with large, deep, closely placed punctures which bear very short inconspicuous hairs; interspaces strongly raised, carinate, with a row of setose tubercles which are larger behind, forming the serrations of the declivital interspaces, and become reduced to granulate punctures at the base ; interspaces of the declivity strongly serrate. The ventral margin of the declivity is a serrate ridge formed by the union of the 9th and roth interspaces, which fuse on the anterior third of the elytra. The serrations of this ridge are triangular and prominent.. The ridge extends across the caudal face of the declivity below to fuse with the third interspace. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 22h The antennal scape is slightly widened distally, and narrowed at the tip ; the first segment of the funicle is very large, wider than long ; the remaining four segments of the funicle are very short, the 4th and sth wider ; club 3-segmented, much longer than the funicle, long, suboval, distally pointed, narrower than in /ronta/is, with the lateral dilations of the segments less elongate. Hind tibiz stout, much widened distally ; outer margin slightly curved, broadly rounded distally ; inner margin also distinctly curved, with a slender mucro at the tip; outer margin with one submarginal ‘spine, and the distal margin with six submarginal spines and marginal tubercles, clothed with long, slender, plumose hairs. The outer margin is not so strongly curved as in Ph/eotribus, and not straight with a truncate distal margin as in Pr/eophthorus (see Eichnoff). Ste. Anne de Bellevue, P. Q., Canada. In dead but green branches of Picea canadensis. ‘Two broods annually. This species differs from Z¢minaris and fronta/is in its smaller size, more elongate form, elytral sculpture as given above, and characters of antenne and tibie. Ihave not seen P. puberulus Lec., but judging from his description, which is quoted below, this species is smaller and differs in its more strongly elevated and very strongly serrated elytral interspaces. ‘“ Phleotribus puberulus Lec.—(Bul. U.S. Geol. and Geog. Survey of Territories, Vol. V., 1880.) Cylindrical, black, nearly opaque, clothed with fine, erect, yellowish pubescence ; base of antennz and tarsi piceous. Head sparsely, finely punctured ; front nearly smooth, shining, broadly concave, with two small acute cusps on the epistoma. Prothorax wider than long, sides oblique, slightly rounded, coarsely punctured, dorsal line obsolete, visible only near the middle. Elytra with shallow striz formed of quadrate punctures ; interspaces somewhat elevated, not wider than the strie, with the hair arranged in rows. Length, 2.5 mm. ‘Veta Pass, one specimen. This species resembles in appearance Fylesinus opaculus, but is quite different in characters. The joints of antenne are less prolonged than in the other species, so that the club becomes elongate oval, and as long as the remaining joints united ” I have described this species as belonging to FPA/wotribus, but it might quite as well go in Phleophthorus. Mr. Ejichnoff characterized Phieophthorus Woll. and Phleotribus Lat. as follows : “ Phleophthorus Woll.—Antenna with a 5-segmented funicle and a 3-segmented long, pointed club, with the segments feebly widened on the bo ¥ b te THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. inward side. Venter not turned upwards behind, horizontal. Middle and hind tibiz straight on the outer side, and the tip truncate. ‘* Phleotribus \.at.—Antenna with a 5-segmented funicle and a much longer fan-shaped club divided into three long leaf-shaped segments. Venter arched, notably upturned behind. Middleand hind tibiz rounded on the outer margin and toothed.” In Phleotribus caucasicus and in Ph. scarabeoides the hind tibie are distinctly rounded and toothed on the outer margin. In PA/wophthorus rhododactylus the tibie are straight on the outer margin and abruptly truncate distally, with one tooth on the outer margin and a series of teeth distally. In Ph/wotribus frontalis and Phleotribus liminaris the outer margin of the hind tibize is strongly rounded and toothed, somewhat as in caucasicus and scarabeotdes. In P. picee, n. sp., the hind tibiz are slightly rounded on the outer margin, and broadly rounded on the distal margin, with one tooth on the former and a series of six on the latter. In P. scarabeoides the lateral extension of the segments of the club are very elongate ; in caucasicus distinctly shorter; in /Z¢mzvarzs still shorter; in frontalts shorter than in /7mznaris, and in picee and puberulus shorter than in frontalts. In P. rhododactylis these lateral extensions are barely noticeable. In these forms there is a distinct gradation in this character, and the difference between the conditions in the clubs of scarab@eoides and picee is quite as decided as that between the latter and rhododactylus. In caucasicus and scarabeoides the antenne are close together onthe front above the inner angles of the mandibles. In rhodoductylus, liminaris, Jfrontalis and picee the antennee are further apart, arising above the outer angles of the mandibles. In my specimens of caucasicus and scarabaoides the venter is distinctly bisinuate in profile, with the thorax convex, bending upward to the abdomen. In rhododactylus the venter sometimes exhibits this curve in lesser degree, but is usually nearly horizontal. In /¢minaris and frontadis the ventral curve is very feeble but variable, and in picee is scarcely to be detected. This intergradation of character leads me to believe that Phlwoph- thorus Woll. is hardly more than a subgenus of Ph/e@otribus Lat. The relations of A/cee to liminaris, frontalis and puberulus are indicated in the following key : A. Club with the lateral extensions of the segments more than twice as long as their width at the base. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 223 Hind tibiz rounded and toothed on the outer side; pronotum not coarsely punctured and not tuberculate ; elytral interspaces nearly faband- roughly pumetiredoa. . <. than alae one Jiminaris Harris. AA. Club with the lateral extensions of the segments not more than twice as long as wide. b. Club with the lateral extensions cf the segments about twice as long as wide. Prothorax granulate-punctate, elytral interspaces elevated and serrate, more strongly behind ...... Ge eat oe POnLatts. Z\mm. BB. Club with the lateral extensions of the segments about as long as wide. C. Elytral.interspaces somewhat elevated (see SR CRELGD Pott Sia PR ees Acie re ns Se puberulus Lec. CC. Elytral interspaces strongly elevated and serrate with granules, which become large and prominent on the declivity. .. Azcee, n. sp. Type and paratypes of new species described above are in the collection of Macdonald College. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.: (All are much enlarged, and drawn with a camera lucida.) Phicesphthorus rhododactylus Marsh, antennal club and outer part of funicle. 2. Phloeotribus pices, n. sp., antenna. 3. Phliceotribus frontalis, Oliv., antenna. 4. Phiceotribus liminaris Harris, antennal club and funicle. «5. Phlceotribus caucasicus Reitt., antennal club and funicle. 6 7 8 ms — , Q ia _— . Phlceotribus scarabeoides Bernard, antenna. Phlcesphthorus rhododactylus Marsh, hind tibia. P. pice, n. sp., hind leg. “« g. P. frontalis Oliv., hind tibia. 10. P. Jimimaris Harris, hind tibia. 11. P. caucasicus Reitt., hind tibia. ‘12. P. scarabeoides: Bernard; hind leg. ) A Correction.—In “Notes on a Few Scolytidz,” in the May, 1910, number of the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, page 165, under “DD,” the following error occurs: ‘‘Punctures of the elytral strize more closely placed,” should read, “‘punctures of the elytral striz more wzde/y placed.” J. M.S. Zk: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Can, “ERT VOSA PLATE ll. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 225 A NEW CANADIAN GEOMETRID. BY JOHN A. GROSSBECK, AM. MUS. NAT. HISTORY, NEW YORK. The Geometrid here described was originally sent me among other species for determination by Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, entomologist to the Dominion Experimental Farms, Ottawa. It was determined as probably new, and was later returned to me by Mr. Arthur Gibson in a good series, with the request that I describe it. I am unable to find any description that will cover the species, so I am calling it : Selidosema Manitoba, new species. Expanse, 27-34 mm. Head, thorax and abdomen with mixed erayish-brown and white scales, the latter sometimes almost absent, and sometimes, on the abdomen, predominating. A blackish spot at the base of each antenna, a bar of the same colour across the middle of the frons, and the posterior edge of the patagia and first three abdominal segments black. Ground colour of wings slaty-brown, verging toward paler gray, and occasionally in the median area of the primaries becoming wholly white. Basal line of primaries absent. Intradiscal line geminate, black, rather evenly curved outwardly, but slightly drawn in on the veins ; extends from one-fourth out on costa to one-fifth or less on inner margin. A median line, rather narrow and diffuse and usually incomplete, passes across the centre of the wing. In the specimens with white median areas this line is absent, or shows merely as a point in several places. Extra- discal line black, moderate in width, evenly scalloped between the veins, and in general curving outward from the costa to vein Cu,, then inward to inner margin. A broken denticulate white line is sometimes present in the outer area. A whitish, subapical patch (intensified in the specimens with white centres) is also usually present in the outer area, the inner border of which touches the extradiscal line. ‘Terminal line represented by a series of black triangular marks between the veins pointed inwardly. Discal spot, when present, a moderate sized ring pupilled with white. Fringe concolorous with the ground, tending to become checkered in some specimens. Secondaries with intradiscal line _ straight, broad and diffuse, occasionally showing on inner half of wing. Extra- discal line more defined, roundly denticulate, and in its course resembling that of the fore wing. Fringe and discal spot as in fore wing, but the latter never distinctly pupilled. Beneath, whitish or grayish, heavily but finely speckled with brown. The extradiscal line is sometimes strongly July, 1914 226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. indicated on both wings, but is usually absent. Discal spots showing more or less on all wings as rather large spots, rarely as rings. Described from twelve male specimens collected by Mr. J. B. Wallis, at Winnipeg, Manitoba, May 25 to June 2, 1gog. The species is quite different from any other North American Selidosema, but closely resembles in general appearances A/cis atrolinearia Hulst and Cleora areataria Bwl. It is, however, different from both in the absence of any indication of a hair pencil on the posterior tibia. The type is deposited in the Division of Entomology at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Co-types are in the collections of Mr. J. B. Wallis and the author. ON AALOBATOPSIS BEGINIT ASHM. BY J. R. DE LA TORRE BUENO, WHITE PLAINS, N. Y. In the course of preparing a synopsis of the Gerzzde of the Atlantic United States (and consequently of the Eastern part of Canada), it has been my endeavour to know at first hand, when possible, the forms to be included therein, and among them, naturally, the one herein treated: Fflalobatopsis Bégintt Ashmead, 1897, Can. Ent., XXIX:56 ; Banks, Igto, Cat. Nearc. Hem. Het., 26; 77 Beem Berger, 1908,-Ohnie ava VIII:37 3-4. This species was overlooked by Kirkaldy and myself in our ‘‘Cata- logue of American Aquatic and Semiaquatic Hemiptera,”* very fortunately, as it turns out, since thereby we were prevented from assisting in the perpetuation of an error; an error which, in the absence of the types, could not have been recognized from the description alone. In looking up descriptions, types, etc., for my studies in Gerride referred to, the U.S. National Museum authorities have been most good in allowing me the privilege of examination of their invaluable types and specimens named by the authors of species themselves. Among this material figure Ashmead’s types (or what may pass as types, since they are from the type locality) of the species under discussion, labelled by himself. They are four specimens, in a more or less mutilated condition, three being pzuned, but nevertheless clearly recognizable is the zmmature stages or nymphs of two unrelated GENERA! ‘This fact has been established by careful com- parison with long series of nymphs of the two species in question which have been taken abundantly in company with the adults, viz.: Wetrobates *Proc. Ent. Soc., Wash., X, pp. 173-215, 1908 (actual appearance in June or July, 1909). July, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 227 hesperius Uhler, on Lake Mahopac, Putnam Co., N.Y., and Rheumatodbates Rileyt Bergr., on various bodies of water in several localities in this near vicinity. Passing now to a specific consideration of each specimen, the following notes have been made. Three specimens bear handwritten locality labels. These are not very plain to me, but look (very roughly imitated) like ‘‘M. 27, 7, 96.” I cannot venture to guess what this may mean, but it should appear from the original description, which I have not seen. ‘Two specimens are f/uved on one pin, one above the other as is usual in indicating the sexes, and the other is mounted on a point. The two on the pin bear a name-label : ‘*Halobatopsis Bégini Ashm.” in Ashmead’s own handwriting. Both are dilapidated, but not to the same extent as the fourth one mentioned further on, and both have still the characters which enable one to recognize the genus and species. The upper specimen (therefore, presumably, the male) possesses unmutilated both antenne, the front legs, the right middle leg, and the left hind leg. The left middle leg is lacking the tibia and tarsus and the right hind leg the tarsus. The lower specimen (therefore, presumably, the female) has lost the last three (?) joints of the left antenna, being otherwise in quite good condition. In “Ohio Naturalist” (l.c.), Bergroth remarks in referring to the species under consideration: “I am at a loss to make out why he (Ashmead) has placed it in the genus Halobatopsis, as the first antennal joint . . . . is described as ‘distinctly longer than joints 2 and 3 combined.’ The 2nd joint, too, is said to be ‘longer than the third, the latter being about three-fourths as long as the second.’ Judging from ihe description Ha/obatopsis Bézinit Ashm., belongs to a new genus.” It is, therefore, fortunate that these two specimens shouid possess antenne in good condition, as the preceding makes evident. I deem it neither necessary nor desirable to revert at length to these organs, for reasons readily deducible from what follows, because these structures at once determine the proper category of the two specimens. ‘The upper one is smaller than the fourth specimen referred to and clearly belongs on antennal characters, even though we were to omit consideration of all others, to AZletrobates hesperius Uhler, and is a nymph in the grd (?) instar. The lower one is an immature male of Rheumatobates Rileyi Bergroth, in about the 4th, or 5th and last, nymphal instar. Here again the antenne, although not quite formed, begin to reveal the bizarre struc- ture so characteristic of the males of this genus and the hind femora 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. already have indications of the curious distortion peculiar to certain of its species. The single specimen on a point, already referred to, is another nymph, somewhat smaller than the fourth, of AZetrobates hesperius Uhler, very much shrunken and mutilated, having left only portions of three legs, the left anterior and right middle and posterior. The fourth speci- men, on a very rusty and verdigrised pin, bears a printed locality label “Sherbrooke, Can.,” and on another small label ‘‘418,” in pen and ink. This is a male, more or less greasy and shrunken (the latter, by-the-bye, an evidence of immaturity), and has left to it only one whole and three half legs, the former being the right anterior, and the latter the femora of the left anterior and both posterior legs. The antenne also are absent. The structure of the head, however, shows its affinities, and it agrees with nymphs in the 3rd or 4th instar of JZetrobates hesperius Uhler. It naturally follows from the preceding that Hadlobatopsis Beginit Ashm, has no real existence as a biological unit, in that it is a composite of two known species in as many different and unrelated genera, its only claim to attention being that it is an addition to our synonymies. My valued friend, Mr. Otto Heidemann, of Washington, D.C., at the time these specimens were sent to me for study, called my attention to their being nymphs of JZetrobates and Rheumatobates, and it is with peculiar pleasure that I make known here his independent arrival at this conclusion, the correctness of which a glance at the specimens made evident, and which careful study subsequently amply confirmed. The synonymy of the two genera and species involved may now be corrected to read as follows : Metrobates Uhler, 1871. Proc. - Bost, Soe.” Nat Hist..- XPV res! . = Halobatopsis Ashmead, 1897, CAN. ENT., XXIX, 56 (not Bianchi), [in part, for nymphs]. fTesperius Uhier, 1871, l.c. = Béginit Ashm. (Halobatopsis), 1897, l.c. [in part, nymphs of this species described as adults]. Rheumatobates Bergr., 1892. Tas; “Life; LY; sea. = Halobatopsis Ashmead, 1897, l.c. (not Bianchi), [in part,. for ¢ nymph]. Rileyi Bergr., 1892, l.c. = Béginii Ashm. (Halobatopsis), 1897, l.c. [in part, for ia nymph described as adult]. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 229 FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA. BY F, H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA. (Continued from p. 156.) 150. Hadena indocilis Walker.—The type is a female in the British Museum, and, according to the Catalogue, comes from Trenton Falls, N. Y. I have a New York female in my own collection, and Calgary specimens scarcely differ. It is the species standing in North American lists as remtssa Hubn., which name refers to a variety, rather common in Europe, of a European species, well known as gemina Hbn., to which, however, Sir George Hampson, makes odscura Haw. a prior name, mak- ing remissa “ab. 2” and submissa “ab. 1,” and apparently about inter- mediate. For further notes on these forms, vide under ferens and enigra (infra). 151. A. alia Gien. has priority over suffusca Morr., as pointed out by me in Can. Enr., XLII, 190, June, Igto. Sir George Hampson makes the change in his Catalogue, Vol. IX, p: 500, antedating my remarks by about two months, though the volume had not appeared when I wrote them. 152. A. rorulenta Smith.—Sir George Hampson, after his description of this form, adds, ‘This is probably an aberration of suffusca.” The type of suffusca I have not yet seen, and do not know to just what form it refers, but a/za type is a somewhat reddish specimen of the even, non- contrasting form I had listed as suffusca. Rorulenta is very likely the same species. At any rate, I know nothing to make me wish to disagree with the suggestion, though I happen to possess no exact intergrades. 154. H. contradicla Smith.—Sir George Hampson creates a new genus, Zrichoplexia, to receive this species and exornata Moschler. Of contradicta he gives a very good woodcut, showing the tuftings, and of a Labrador specimen under exornata he gives a coloured figure. I have no note that I compared the figure with the specimen, but should judge it to be misleading, as my note on the species says, “Suffused, and without black lines, but probably the same as contradicta,” of which there were two Calgary males in the collection. I certainly should not have made the suggestion from the figure alone. Prof. Smith has five males in his collection from Newfoundland, one of them labelled Grand Lake, under exornata, which seemed to me probably a rather suffused form of -contradicta. The “exornata” of the Washington collection is a female from Colorado, and is certainly not contradicta or closely allied thereto. July, 1911 230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Neither is a Nova Scotia female under the same name in the American Museum of Natural History at New York. The type of exornata is presumably in the Moschler collection, wherever that may be. Labrador is given as the first locality in all the catalogues except Staudinger’s, who gives ‘Mong. Labr.” I have not taken contradicta here for some years. 155. Under this heading, in the second line, for “ the species” read “the specimen,” and I still hold to my suggestion that it is probably a variety of passer, under which I have now referred to it. I have not taken another like it. It is probably quite distinct from morna, of which Aulsti: Grt. appears to be asynonym. ‘The types of both these names come from Colorado. That of morna, from Rio Blanco, is a male, in the Strecker collection, unset when I saw it, though described in 1878 or 9g. It is a pinkish red species, and I referred it to ZLupferina in my notes, which add, “abdominal tuft extremely slight.” Prof. Smith has the species correctly named in his collection I think, and in Jour. N. Y. E.S., XVIII, p. 138; Sept., rgro. refers it to Szd@emia Staud., as used by Hamp- son, and likens it to swbornafa Staud., from Mongolia, as figured on pl. CXVIII, f. 31,, of Hampson’s work. From memory, he is about right, and as almost the sole differences between Luperzna and Sidemia as characterized by Hampson are that the latter has more rounded apices and an abdominal crest at base, which the other lacks, I am not ashamed of my Mss. generic reference. But passer, which Sir George Hampson places under Zuperina, has an abdominal crest at base. The only two North American species which he treats under Svdemza are longula Grote and devastatrix Brace. Longula I have not examined structurally, but morna is certainly more closely allied to passer than to devastatrix. I have seen the type of Aw/stiz, a female, in the Gref collection at Brooklyn. Inthe Strecker collection, beside the type of morna, is a Colorado male marked “‘ Au/stzt Grote,” a little paler and more even only than morna. Strecker makes. the reference in Suppl. 3, -p. 32-5euue “ morna” of Hampson’s Catalogue is an ally, possibly a race of conradi Grote, as already pointed out by Prof. Smith. That of the Washington collection is the same species, in one drawer at least. But by some over- sight, several drawers further on is another very distinct species also standing as morna, and certainly nearer to it than the other. It is the species I have already referred to under passer as probably undescribed. 156. A cerivana Smith.—This differs from eastern fizztima, of which it is probably only a racial form, chiefly in being paler and grayer. I THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 231 have no exact intergrades, but I am poorly off for outside material. Kaslo specimens are like my local series. Those from Vancouver Island (I have two specimens only) are much browner and more highly coloured, and much like some I have from New York. Whether European dasi/inea is distinct from fzitima or not is perhaps unimportant. Sir George Hampson keeps them distinct, seeming to find, as my own series shows, that they differ slightiy, though constantly, in intensity of colour and markings, fimitima being the lighter and better marked. I wish to differ with no one who calis them the same species, though as they do not get a chance to habitually interbreed, how is the point to be decided? Prof. Smith’s figures of the genitalia of all these in Can. Ent., XXXV, plate 4, figs. 5, 6, 7, May, 1903, are not convincing. 157. . /ateritia Hufn.—The type of ob/:viosa Walker, is a female in the British Museum, and comes from ‘‘ Rocky Mountains” from Lord Derby. It may have been taken in Alberta territory. It was referred to /ateritia by Prof. Smith in his catalogue, and Sir George Hampson follows him. I looked at the specimen for a long time, and had my doubts. It looks alpine, has a rough fluffy appearance, is very evenly gray powdered, seems narrower winged, and has better defined though very indistinct claviform than /ateritia usually has. A Vancouver Island specimen was placed next it in the series to show the connection, but is rubbed, and does not to my mind prove its identity. However, I did not recognize it as any other species, and it may prove to be rightly placed. Sir George Hampson makes safina Strecker a synonym of /ateritza, and Prof. Smith upholds him in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVIII, 139, Sept., Igto, mentioning that he has two examples like sativa from Grand Lake, Nfld. I saw the type of sa#iza in March, 1gto. It is a worn male from Anticosti, taken, the description (1893) says, by W. Couper in 1873. I referred it at once and without hesitation to commoda Walker ( = alberta Smith). I referred on the spot to Hampson’s Catalogue, and was greatly surprised to find his reference to /ateritia, an idea I refuse to entertain for one moment. My notes say: ‘‘Even leather brown, t. a. and t. p. line distinct, blackish. Eyes not lashed. Part of right antenna only, ciliate.” I admit that I could not match it exactly in my series of a/berta; all being darker, but feel confident that it will ultimately prove to be this species, Or, just possibly, a very close ally. I would suggest that the Newfound- land specimens mentioned by Prof. Smith are not satina. Had that species been in his collection associated with /aterztia, I must have noticed it. I have only within the last few weeks received Strecker’s Supplement 232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. No. 1, containing the description, and find that he led off on a wrong track himself by likening the species to /ateritia and duditans, adding: ‘But it is a smaller species, and otherwise quite different.” It certainly is ! 158. A. cogitata Smith.—Though its distinctness from duditans Walk. is very doubtful, cog¢tata is the name I have decided to use for this form for the present. There is a male type, red, and a trifle variegated with paler shades, at Washington, from the Sierra Nevada, California, whence the form was described, Colorado being also mentioned under the description. By Smith’s Catalogue there should also be types in his own collection and in the Neumcegen collection at Brooklyn. I seem to have overlooked these. This and duditans are kept distinct on our lists, and Sir George Hampson treats them as two species, ascribing to dudztans in the table a black-brown suffusion, mentioned as lacking in cogitata. He has types dubitans Walk., insignata Walk. (Apamea, 1857), and sputator Grote, the latter, from Evans’ Centre, N. Y., being the spuwtatrix of Grote’s and subsequent lists. The two former are marked merely “U.S. A.,” but are probably not western. The series under the name contains no western specimens. Type duditans is a small red-brown specimen, with scarcely any trace of black-brown suffusion. Types zzsignata and sputator are darker and alike. His series under cogitafa, with the exception of one, “‘Hudson’s Bay (Barnston),” are all western, and include Calgary speci- mens. This is claimed by Prof. Smith to be the Apamea insignata of Walker, described in 1860, of which the type is probably with the Entomological Society of Ontario, though, judging from Smith’s Catalogue, it may be at Rutger’s College. Walker, as above shown, had used the name, also under Afamea, in 1857, thus duplicating the name in the genus, even if not in the species. The two series in the British Museum seemed to me very doubtfully separable. Prof. Smith had Calgary speci- mens in his collection under dubitans. An occasional Calgary specimen has slight blackish suffusion, and matches my palest eastern specimens very well. But my blackest specimens come from Miniota, Man., and some of these have the pale part of the reniform distinctly yellowish, mim." + os cee oe G. setosa Coq. Ocellar bristles developed, strong, proclinate ; sides of the front opaque, densely yellowish-pollinose ; contin blackish at base, only slightly “In the single specimen of this species (the type, male) in the U.S. N. M. collection, only the large scars of the ocellar bristles remain. That the specimen once possessed well-developed ocellar bristles there can be no question; in the descrlption of the species, however, nothing is said in regard to the direction of the bristles, so that it is not certain that they were present when the specimen was received by Mr. Coquillett. In view of this fact and the singular divergence from the typical generic character presented by this species in the almost bare parafacials, its generic position must remain to a certain extent in doubt until perfect specimens are secured. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. OLE polished, grayish-pruinose ; sides of the abdomen only very slightly reddish tinged, fourth segment densely yellowish-pollinose, not polished, the colour of that segment contrasting somewhat with the colour of the remainder of the abdomen, which is more bluish-gray ; second and third segments in the male each with a pair of weak discals, in female there is but one of these on the second and a pair on the third segment. Length, 9 mm......... G. sterricola Town. 6. No well-developed ocellar bristles ; fourth abdominal segment densely covered with yellow pollen, its colour contrasting strongly with that of the remainder of the abdomen, which is bluish ; face and front like fourth abdominal segment, yellowish-pollinose, and when viewed from the side a brown-reflecting spot of greater or less extent appears below the lowest frontal bristles. Length, 9 mm. The species superficially resembles Exorista futilis O. S......G. ocellaris Coq. Weellar bristies strane, proclinate.~ .-). <.cahe as: OT i WON . Fourth abdominal segment Jee fy the sieecdion segments ; the abdomen grayish, brassy-pollinose, with blackish reflections ; parafacials densely bluish-pollinose, the pollen of the front slightly tinged with golden. Length, 8-1o mm......G, organensis Town. Fourth abdominal segment yellowish-pollinose, its colour contrasting somewhat with the remainder of the abdomen ; second and third abdo- minal segments with weak discal macrochete ; pollen of face and front yellowish. Length,g mm. (See under Nor-s =. Oe et see Nee ste a ur .G. sterricola Town. Mr. SIAL has kindly farnished me with’ the locality records for these species, which are as follows : G. flavipes Cog.—Tifton, Ga., and Opelousas, La. G facialis Coq.—Georgia (type). G. cockerelli Cog.—White Mts. (type), and Las Cruces, N. Mex.; Chisos Mts., Brewster Co, Texas, and Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mex. G. setosa Coq —Siskyou Co., Cal. (type); White Mts. and Rio Talarosa, N. Mex., and Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mex. G. sterricola Town.—Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mex. G. ocellaris Coq —Ohio (type) ; Angora Fern Rock and Philadelphia, Pa., and Franconia, N. H. G. organensis Town.—Organ Mts., New Mexico (type). From these records it seems that oce//aris is a northeastern species, flavipes and facialis are southern central forms, and all the others are southwestern species. ~I - 318 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ON CEA [MMACULA AND ALLIED SPECIES, BY WM. BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL. In sorting over material from Arizona and the southwest we have come across four species very similar in outward appearance, but struc- turally widely different. ‘Two of the species are fairly well known, but the other two are apparently undescribed. The first species before us is ¢mmacula Grt.; (not ¢mmaculata as given in Dyar’s List), the type of the genus Cea. The species was originally described from Arizona, but our series of some twenty speci- mens all come from Deming, N. Mex. It may be recognized by its immaculate creamy-white primaries, which in very few cases show faint traces of t. a. andt. p. lines and reniform, The legs are unarmed, with neither spines nor claws ; the front possesses a fairly prominent rounded protuberance with a distinct corneous infra-clypeal plate. According to Hampson (Cat. Lep. Phal., IX, 280), who, however, does not know the species personally, the protuberance is bare of scales ; this, however, does not apply ; with the exception of a small black point in the centre of the same, it is thickly covered with closely-appressed scales, of a slightly darker ochreous tint than that of the surrounding area. The second species under consideration is Zwzxa Grt., described from specimens taken by Prof. Snow in N. Mexico, and made by Grote the type of a new genus, Bessw/a. In Dyar’s Catalogue this species is placed close to zmmacula, but Hampson separates it very widely, placing it at the very beginning of the Moctuide in his subfamily Agrorine, characterized by spined tibiz of middle and hind legs; Zzxa is placed in the genus Schinta Hbn., of which Bessuz/a is made a synonym. Besides spined middle and hind tibie, /zxa possesses on the fore tibiz a strong curved claw on the inner side, preceded by two minute spines, which often appear wanting, owing probably to breakage ; further, on the outer side of the tibiz, is a row of three claw-like spines, the largest being at the extremity of the joint. The front is rounded, scarcely as full as in immacuda, with appressed scales without the central black point, and the infra-clypeal plate is present. In general appearance /wxa is yellower than zmmacula, and may at once be distinguished by the light-brown dotted t. p. line, the cellular dots and the dots at the base of the fringes. As in many cases these show a temdency to obsolescence, structural characters are of great value in separating the species. The-sixteen speci- mens before us are from So. Arizona. September, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 319 The third species is at first sight very easily confused with /uxa; a glance at the tibiee will suffice, however, to separate it, for they are all unarmed, as in zmmacu/a. The front has a large corneous heart-shaped process with raised edges and the infra-clypeal plate is very distinct. Although differing considerably in outward appearance from the species at present included therein, it seems to belong in the genus Os/arza Dyar. As it appears to be undescribed, we would propose the name fwra for it, and append following description : ' Oslaria pura, N. sp. Front, thorax, abdomen and primaries creamy-white; t. a. andt. p. lines faintly outlined in brown: the former from costa at 1% from base, irregularly dentate, with two darker brown dots at intersections of median and anal veins ; the latter well beyond reniform, midway between it and outer margin, parallel with margin, slightly dentate and with darker brown dots at intersection of veins ; orbicular and reniform outlined in brown ; former small, round ; latter large, constricted in middle, and connected with inner margin by faint brown shade ; on costa between orbicular and reuiform a slight brown shade ; fringes but slightly darker than wings ; secondaries pure white. Beneath white shaded with brown towards apex of primaries and with indistinct postmedial band on same. Expanse, 28 mm. Described from 5 6s, 10 9s. Christmas, Gila Co., Ariz. Types, Coll. Barnes. The above description was made from a clearly-marked specimen. There is a great tendency for the maculation to become indistinct, especially in the males, leaving only the dots at intersection of veins distinct. In one @ specimen there are traces of a dotted median line on secondaries. The fourth and last species belongs in the group with unarmed tibie ; its frontal structure is that of the genus Lythrodes Sm., consisting of a corneous protuberance with raised edges, containing a prominent vertical plate ; infra-clypeal plate is present ; the fore tarsi are also shot, with large terminal claws, agreeing in this respect with Smith’s characterization of the genus. It differs greatly from Z. radiata and venosa, but seems to approach more closely semz/wna Sm. in general appearance. We propose to call it ¢rz7puncta, with following description : Lythrodes tripuncta, n. sp. Head, thorax and wings white, primaries suffused with light brown, especially in median and subterminal areas. A small brown basal dot, 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. situated in slight brown shade; t. a. line broad, brown, angled twice in- wardly, almost straight across wing ; t. p. line brown, slightly dentate in upper portion, strongly outcurved just below costa, incurved somewhat opposite reniform, strongly incurved below same to inner margin, where a slight outward angle is formed; orbicular represented by a brown dot ; reniform by two brown dots, situated at either extremity, placed vertically to each other ; from just beyond orbicular to t. p. line the median area is largely suffused with light brown ; beyond the t. p. line is a narrow band of white, the remainder of the subterminal area washed with brown; sub- terminal line represented by a white, irregular, dentate band, beyond which the brown shading again obtains; fringes white, tinged with brown at extremities. Secondaries white. Beneath primaries smoky-brown, whitish along inner margin; second- aries white, tinged with brown along costal margin and with traces of a brown postmedial line. Expanse, 28 mm.; 2 gs, 2 9s; Redington, Ariz.; Babaquivera Mts., Ariz. Types, Coll. Barnes. The three brown dots representing respectively orbicular and reni- form are quite characteristic. The ¢ specimens are in very poor shape, but the ? is well preserved ; the description has been drawn from the latter. PREDACEOUS, BUGS: A very remarkable occurrence of predaceous bugs has taken place in Southwestern Ontario during the last few weeks. Correspondents in the counties of Dufferin, Norfolk, Oxford and Middlesex have sent in specimens of Perillus bioculatus Fabr., and of its variety, claudus Say. The latter form was described and figured in the Second Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, published in 1871, under the name of Ferillus circumcinctus. These bugs, both in the imago and nymphal forms, are destroying the Colorado Potato Beetles, both eggs, Jarve and mature beetles, to such an extent that in some fields it is reported that hardly any of tne beetles are to be found, though the plants have not been sprayed. They are quite abundant also at the College in Guelph and other parts of the County of Wellington. ‘The specimens have been kindly identified by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee, of Buffalo, N. Y. He expresses sur- prise at the species being found in this part of Ontario, as he considers it a southern form, and is rarely known to be found as far north as the State of Illinois. It is to be hoped that the insect may continue prevalent and keep the Colorado Potato Beetle in contro]l.—[C. J. S. BETHUNE. ERRATUM.—P. 286, line 7, for ‘Doliachroa” read ‘‘poliochroa.” THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 321 FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA: LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA. (Continued from page 286.) 186. O. cibalis Grt.2—Sir George Hampson makes the Calgary form “Subspecies 1 of cbadis, describing it by comparison: Thorax and fore wing grayer, the latter more uniform, and without the whitish patches in the interspaces ; the dentate black marks before subterminal line more developed between veins 6 and 2 ;-tegulz produced to a dorsal ridge.” He figures as typical c#ba/’s a male from Glenwood Springs, Colo. The figure shows a strong rufous brown shade over a large portion of the primaries, which, however, he does not mention in the description. I ‘compared the specimen with his figure, and made no criticism upon the latter. Moreover, I have a good series from Eureka, Utah, which fit the figure perfectly. My note on Prof. Smith’s material reads: ‘‘Utah and Colo. specimens are more pale streaked than my form, but one from Colo. grades in.” This is in accordance with Hampson’s diagnosis, nor do I seem to have observed brown shades shown in his figure and in my Eureka series. At Washington I wrote: ‘‘One ‘Colo.’ and one ‘Glenwood Springs’ are like Hampson’s figure. But two Denver males, one of them labelled ‘W. S. Foster,’ are exactly like Calgary specimens here, and I should say these are almost certainly two species.” My own Calgary and Utah series sug- gest the same, very strongly. But which is c/ba//s remains to be discov- ered, as I have not seen Grote’s description, and the type, which Prof. . Smith’s Catalogue states to be from Colorado, and in the Graef. collection, I appear to have overlooked. Holiand’s figure represents the Calgary form (which also occurs in Manitoba) exactly. The origin of the speci- men figured c2n only be surmised by his statement on page 176: ‘The only specimens so far have been taken in Colorado.” 187. Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis Grt.—Prof. Smith in his. ‘‘Revision of Agrotis” places gz/vzpennis first in his then new genus Rhynchagrotis, considering it, it is to be supposed, the most typical, making our species a synonym of chardinyi Bdv. He remarks on page 14: ‘‘Mr. Grote first stated that the fore tibiz in his specimens were spinose, but I have never been able to discover any.” In his reference to chardinyz he merely fol- lows Morrison and Grote. In his Catalogue he corrects this and makes gilvipennis a good species.. Sir George Hampson places most of our species of Rhynchagrotis in Triphena Hubn., but retains Smith’s genus for September, 1911 s 322 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. chardinyi and gilvipennis exclusively, describing it, as Smith did, as a genus having unspined fore tibiz, and quoting g7z/vzpennis as the type. He had only three specimens of this at the time of publication, including the male type from Anticosti, which is well figured. I did not examine the spec- imens structurally. Recent investigation has disclosed the fact that, at Calgary at least, fore tibial spines are quite frequent in this species. In two of my specimens I can, without recourse to laying the vestiture, easily see five spines on the inner side. In many others I can find from one to five, with varying degrees of prominence, though in some I can find no trace of any, even by laying the hairs with gasoline or alcohol. I have only two specimens of European chardinyi, and can detect no spines on fore tibiz of these, though they will require careful re-setting before they can be examined to advantage I have not yet investigated very fully in other species referred by Prof. Smith to this genus, but have succeeded in discovering a single spine on the fore tibize of two Kaslo specimens out of a series of confusa, beneath, and just in front of the epiphysis. Within the past year I have observed enough about the apparent oc- casional variability of tibial spines to make me desirous of a more thor- ough investigation. In order to do this, I should like to discover some effective method of entirely removing hairs and scales without injury to spines or spurs. I shall be very grateful for advice on this subject (vide recent exchange notice). The matter is important, as some genera as used by Sir George Hampson rely, for their existence in Vol. IV, on the existence of a single tibial spine ! 189. The specimen here referred to is the species widely known as, and figured by Holland and Hampson as a/ternata. I have never taken another Alberta specimen that I know of, though it is common in Manitoba. 190. Rhynchagrotis placida Grt.—I have no good reason for suppos- ing that I have confused more than one species under this name at Cal- gary, and I appear to have it correct. Some of the forms in this genus are more difficult to understand than some of the most variable Euxoas, but I feel sure that there are more names on the list than known species. Hampson places most of our species in the genus Z77zpha@na Hibn. 192. Sir George Hampson’s remark before quoted under this head is interesting, as Prof. Smith subsequently described the form, from a single male I had sent him some years before, as Ap/ectoides fales (Journ. N. Y. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 323 Ent. Soc., XIII, 192, Dec., 1905), that being the genus to which Hamp- son refers fressa and most of our P/atagrotis. The description adds: “Tt is a broad-winged form more like ¢mferita than fressa, and yet not unlike an obscurely marked fressa. . . . . This may be really the male of discolor,” and dtscolor is next described from two females from “Inverness and mouth of Skeena River, B. C.” The types of the latter struck me as being like a white-grounded Avessa. The suggestion that they may be sexes of one species seems quite reasonable. It may take more material from Northern B. C. to decide the matter, but if they are I would suggest further that the differences are not necessarily sexual. I can suggest nothing further about @sco/or for the present, but I believe fa/es to be merely a dull grayish pressa. I have specimens from Montreal, Ottawa, “E. Ontario,” Cartwright, Man., and Kaslo, besides four from Calgary. Some eastern specimens are quite as gray as the local series, and they grade through in colour and everything else to the greenest. The type of pressa is a female from New York, but Hampson figures a male from ‘‘Canada.” As a Calgary and California specimen stood in the British Museum I admit they looked distinct from the presse series from New York and ‘‘Canada,” but I quite failed to draw any line between the two series in Prof. Smith’s collection. Nor can I agree that Sales resembles zwperita in that collection as much as it does typical pressa. The form should stand as pressa var. fales. 193. Luretagrotis inattenta Smith.—I have a good series taken locally and specimens from Cartwright and Miniota, Man., and Winder- mere, B.C. I have also a series of perattenta from Montreal and Ottawa. The eastern specimens are, as a whole, a bit brighter coloured and have the maculation more clearly written, and all the black markings a little heavier. I have one Calgary male, however, and have compared a similar one from Redver’s, Sask., from Mr. Crocker, which resembles some eastern specimens almost exactly. I have local specimens grading almost exactly up to this. I hesitate to make the reference definitely at present, but have little doubt that the forms will be ultimately found to unite. I have seen a series in Mr. Cockle’s collection at Kaslo which my notes say resembled the eastern rather than the prairie form, but have none from that locality in my collection. I have one from Vancouver Island which is certainly nearest the eastern form, but much brighter in colour, almost vinous red. My local dates read from June 24th to August znd, and it is occasionally not uncommon at both treacle and light. The type of - 324 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. perattenta is a male from Evans Centre, N. Y., and is a very strongly marked specimen. 194. Pachnobia littoralis Pack.2—The Calgary species so referred is certainly pectinata Grote, of which the male type from Hall Valley, Colo., is figured by Sir George Hampson. I have a male from the type locality, from Dr. Barnes. I have not seen the type of /¢tora/is from Caribou Island, Labrador, and therefore cannot directly dispute Prof. Smith’s reference to that species. But if the description given in his Revision of Agrotis (Bull. 38, U.S. N. M., p. 205), is the original one of Packard, I do not feel sure of its identity. He describes what must be the t. a. line as “‘black, irregularly quadridentate.” In some of my specimens the line might be called quadridentate, but in none that I have seen is it anything approaching to black. ‘Then again, beyond the t. p. line is ‘a parallel line of dark streaks of uniform length,” and beyond this again, the s.t. line. The line of dark streaks beyond the t. p. is non-existant in any of my specimens. Such variation is not impossible, but the above are two characters new to me. 196. Avrotis aurulenta Smith.—Another ¢ at light, July 23rd, 1905. 201. Peridroma margaritosa Haw.—It has long been a puzzle to me to know why sazc/a is the only varietal name standing in our lists for this very variable and somewhat ubiquitous North and South American, European, and Asiatic species. I have a good series from Calgary, Van- couver Island, and Stockton, Utah, and have seen numerous others. On this continent the species has an infinitely wider range of variation than the names saucta and margaritosa signify. ‘Two names, inermis Harris, and ortonii Pack., stand in our lists as synonyms of ‘‘var. saucia,” whether quite correctly or not I cannot say. Sir George Hampson lists nine other names as synonyms, though some of them I believe were described from North American material. If saucta was, that may ac- count for the retention of the name on our lists to the exclusion of others. Hampson, after describing margaritosa as “brownish ochreous, irrorated with brown, lists ‘Ab. 1’ without name as: Fore wing dark brown, costal area, orbicular, subterminal area, and an apical patch gray, and ‘Ab. 2,’ saucia, . . . . much more uniform gray-brown.” Tutt, in ‘British Noctue and Their Varieties,” II, p. 5, 1892, lists eight varieties as Brit- ish, including four of his own naming. He summarizes a description of Hiubner’s figure of saucta, which constitutes the type, as “blackish-gray, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 325 with vinous-red costa.” ‘This does not quite tally with Hampson’s saucéa, though I have Calgary specimens fitting both. Tutt gives the original Latin description of Haworth’s margaritosa, which was described as a distinct species. The colour description reads ‘‘a/’s grises cinereis nebulosis,’ which Tutt sounds right in translating ‘‘wings gray, clouded with ashy,” but which is again at variance with Hampson’s general description and sounds more like his sawc/a._ I have a Calgary specimen which fits it beautifully. In addition to these, our species varies through many shades of gray, ochreous brown and vinous red ; and specimens may be very uniform, or have the costal region either much the palest, or much the darkest part of the wing, or with various mixtures of shades. ‘The way the names stand in our lists suggests either that sazwcia is the North American form of margaritosa, or that it is a well marked extreme form occurring with us as well as the type, whereas it merely represents one phase, and a by no means striking one, of a long range of variation. It is inexplicable why sauzcia should be retained in our lists as a variety, whilst such strikingly unlike forms of ochrogaster as gularts, turris, and imsignata (as instances amongst many), be passed as mere synonyms. 202. Voctua baja Fabr.—This species is listed as smzthiz Snellen, in Prof. Smith’s Check List, 1903, on the authority of Snellen, whom I also followed. It was claimed by its author that our North American form had spined fore tibie, whereas that occurring in Europe, although superficially almost exactly like ours, had net (omiith. in--journ: Ne Yx-Ent: “Soe: « V-E,°-99; 1898)s2 Dre Dyas erred in omitting any reference to Jéaya whatever in _ listing our species as smithiz in his Catalogue. But in the Kaslo List he restores the old name, remarking: “An examination of European speci- mens shows them to have several distinct spines toward the tip of the member, well hidden in the vestiture.” I have lately carefully examined fourteen British specimens of daza, and find spines on the inside tibiz of seven Ina few of these I can find a singie spine only, just at the tip ; in others there are three or four, rather obvious. Asa rule the vestiture on tibiz of my British specimens seems rather thicker than in most of the North American series, but not constantly so. Whether spines are merely concealed or absent from the rest I cannot say. The fore tibize of most of my native da7a are not ina position to permit of careful examination, but spines appear to be rather obvious in most of those that are, in vary- ing numbers up to five. In one, at least, in which the tibiz are well - 326 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, spread, I can detect none. Even if their existence is not a variable char- acter, their prominence most certainly is, on both continents, and smthiz must be dropped. Sir George Hampson makes it a synonym. 204. WV. patefacta Smith.—Sir George Hampson treats juncfa as distinct, figuring the male type from Nova Scotia. It has head and thorax paler than the wings, and collar still paler tipped. I have seen no other specimens like it. The wings are paler than the average run of patefacta, but they are pretty obviously faded, as Grote says it resembles treatii in its “dead black primaries.” The type was a unique, taken by and received from Mr. Roland Thaxter, and is badly rubbed. I have one patefacta almost as dark as most ¢veatiz, and they vary to as pale as Hampson’s figured juucta. In one of my specimens the spots do not join on one side, and scarcely so on the other. But in all the thorax is unicolorous with primaries, though the tip of the collar is sometimes ap- preciabiy paler. Their distinctness from Grote’s species is perhaps a doubtful point, but, as Sir George Hampson thinks, they may as well be kept apart, pending the discovery of more specimens from Nova Scotia, or thereabouts. There are two specimens of patefacta from Yellowstone Park in the American Museum of Natural History. 205. LV. cyntca Smith, var. perumbrosa Dyar.—I took several speci- mens of this form on the wing after dark and at treacle between July 31st and August 15th, 1909, and conclude that it is correctly named. I have a Kaslo series, some of them co-types, and have seen about thirty co-types at Washington, besides the type of cyzca, which seemed a paler form of the same species. Prof. Smith states under his description of cymzca that his specimen came from Albany, N. Y. The only type I have recorded having seen is a male at Washington which is labelled “Bailey, /33.” It was described as distinct from wdifera in being broader winged, lacking a median shade (which it was suggested might not be constant), and hav- ing totally different male genitalia. These are shown of both species, and certainly indicate some strong differences. My Calgary specimens are darker than most seen from Kaslo, and have darker secondaries. Some of the Kaslo specimens are not a bit darker than any of a series of six females that I have from Ottawa as rubifera, and look the same. One of the latter is almost exactly like Hampson’s figure of rwbifera female type, noted in the key as a male from New York, but merely labelled “U.S. A.” This type he calls THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 327 “Ab. 1,” it differing from others in having black before and between stigmata, a common phase of variation in this group and allies. A cen- tral shade is indicated in the tables, but not mentioned in description or shown in figure. It isa still more common phase of variation in allied species. It seems that there is really nothing tangible to separate cynica from 7wbtfera unless by the male genitalia. I should like to see a good series of figures from males of both from the same locality. (To be continued.) COLLECTING NOTES FROM CARTWRIGHT, MANITOBA, We have had and suffered somewhat from a Yankee invasion in this neighbourhood. WASHINGION, . D:.’C: The light emitted by various animals has been described as being” “blue,” “bluish,” “green,” ‘‘yellowish,” ‘‘orange-coloured,” “red,” etc. In view of the doubts* as to whether this colour is a subjective phenomenon, resulting from the variation in colour sensibility of the eye with variation in intensity, or whether it is an objective reality, it seemed of interest to attempt to settle the question by subjecting the light to physical analysis by means of instruments which are unbiassed in the matter. One can, of course, examine the light visually by means of a spectroscope and note that in some cases it is ‘“‘bluer,” and on other cases it “extends further toward the red,” etc., but to those familiar with the vagaries of the human eye, such a record is useless. The proper instrument to use is a bolo- meter, but because of the lack of sensitiveness of such an instrument and because of the intermittence of the light, the spectral analysis of the light by such means is prohibited. Spectrophotometric comparisons are also precluded. The only satisfactory means available is the photographic plate, which is integrative in its action, and hence well adapted to study weak sources of radiation. The photographic plate must be of a special kind, sensitive to all parts of the visible spectrum, The nearest approach to this condition is the Wratten and Wainwright ‘‘Panchromatic” plate, which is sensitive, in a variable degree, to all frequencies from the ultra- violet far into the red. The method is really a species of spectro-photo- graphic photometry, in which the light of the fire-fly and that of a standard source are photographed, after which the “densities” of the negatives are compared, in a manner to be described presently. The apparatus used consisted of a large prism spectrograph of one meter focal length, giving a long spectrum, and a small spectrograph, of triple achromatic lenses, 6 cm. diameter and 18 cm. focal length, which had a much greater light-gathering power, hence useful in photographing the weak radiations in the red. The method of procedure consisted in holding the insects in the fingers, one or two ata time, over the spectro- meter slit. This required an exposure varying from one to five hours on the large spectrograph, and from one to sixty minutes on the small *Knab.—CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 37, p. 238, 1905 Molisch.—Leuchtende Pflanzen, Jena, 1904. October, 1911 s 356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. spectrograph to obtain satisfactory negatives of the various species of fire-flles. The photographing was done in a dark room. Over 150 negatives were taken, over 56 hours being spent in holding the insects in place. The plates, being sensitive to red light, were developed and fixed in a perfectly dark room. The numerous details in the work will be pub- lished in the complete paper. Prints from negatives of the light of Photurzs pennsylvanica and of Photinus pyratis are given in fig. 23, from which it is evident that the light of the Photinus pyralis does not extend so far into the blue (A= .5015)2) 5Or5p 5876p. 6678p = —— oO _ I~ + Fic. 23.—a, sp:ctrum of ‘4 Watt” carbon glow lamp; b and d, spectrum of fire-fly, Photinus pyralis ; c, spectrum of fire-fly, Photuris pennsylvanica ; d, helium vacuum tube spectrum, used for comparis)n, as, and that it extends farther toward the red (A= .6678,) than does the light of the Photuris pennsylvanica. In addition to the negatives of the fire-fly light, a series of photo- graphs (see fig. 23), were obtained of the spectrum of a standard compari- son lamp (carbon glow lamp operated on four watts per candle) when exposed for'2, 4,.0,-6, 12, 20, 40,400, Io and 22o.seconds: The “densities” or “blackening” of the photographic plates were then measured by means of a Marten’s polarization photometer, mounted on a small comparator, in such a manner that strips 1.5 high and t mm. long were compared against the clear unexposed plate. These ‘‘densities,” 1.e., the amount of light absorbed, were then plotted to scale, as indicated in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 307 fiz. 24, where the horizontal scale is the wave length. In this illustration -- COR S 2b 344s Se es bese re Sm ee OS SO ES : GO (Ta ay a Cae ree dy 2G f | © KX : 30- GOS ae eS \ 2b ode yee oe. 2S SS biti BE oG hatte 9° 2 zz 3 , CPOE te Fic. 24.—Density curves of photographic plates of Photurts pennsylvanica X————X —X Photinus pyratlis > Glow Lamp — — — — — — — — — — — — — — the heavy black lines give the effect of the light of Photuris pennsylvanica (X X X, «> ——— - —_—_- +, _-¢ b), of Photinus pyralis (6 ———_0—___ 6), and of the carbon glow lamp (— — — — This illustration, in itself, is an ample demonstration that the light of the Photinus. pyralis is much richer in red and yellow rays than is the Photuris ; for the curves intersect, and all those of the Protimus, whatever the density, lie to the right of those of the Photuris of equal density. But we can go a step farther by comparing densities of the negatives. It is assumed that the density or the effect of the light upon the photographic plate is proportional to the time of exposure. . This is, of course, not true for very long exposures, and hence the highest parts of the curves are not used in this work. For convenience I have taken the four seconds glow lamp density curve as my unit. Hence the 8 seconds density curve represents 2 units, the 12 seconds density curve represents 3 units, etc. Turning now to the fire-fly curves we see that the upper, heavy, density curve of Photuris pennsylvanica intersects the 4 seconds density curve of the glow lamp at .52y and at .592; 1Le., at these two points, the two s 358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. curves have the same density, which in magnitude, by our arbitrary scale, is r unit. At.532 and at .572~ this same Photuris curve intersects the 8 seconds density curve of the glow lamp, and hence, on our arbitrary scale, photometric value at these two points is 2 units. At the intersec- tions with the 20 seconds density curve of the glow lamp the photometric value is 5 units, etc. These photometric values, 1, 2, 5, etc., or ratios of densities, are plotted to scale in fig. 25. The dotted curve in this illustra- tion is plotted from Langley’s photometric values of Pyrophorus noctilucus. & 7 WAGs x \g S Guar EN 7 ne | oni ST AY : Fic. 25.—-Ratio of densities of photographic plates: fire-fly light . glow lamp light The fire-fly curves have now been compared against a standard source and their maxima are entirely different. It is of interest to note that the glow worm (larva of the Photuris pennsy/lvanica) has its maximum at practically the same place as has the adult insect. In these curves the various circles (0, 0, 6), etc., indicate that the resultant curve is the com- posite of numerous ‘“‘density” curves. (See fig. 23.) The photographic ee ee ee ae ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 359 plate is very sensitive in the region of .59/, and it is difficult to eliminate this effect in the fire-fly curves. The hump in the curve of the light from the glow worm and of Photinus consanguineus at .59p is, therefore, not considered of real significance. ‘The curves of these two samples were obtained from the photographs taken with the small spectrograph. Knowing the distribution of energy in the spectrum of the glow lamp, given in fig. 26, it is possible to determine the spectral energy distribution 6 g Fic. 26.—Spectral energy curves of fire-flies and glow lamp. of the fire-fly by multiplying the energy values of the glow lamp by the ratio of densities, —_———- at each wave length. The resultant curves are given in figs. 26 and 27. In fig. 26 the spectral energy curve of the Photuris pennsylvanica and of the Photinus pyralis are plotted to the same scale in the blue-green. An integration of these two curves shows that for the same emissivity in the blue the energy curve of the Photinus pyralis is 2.83 times that of the pexnsy/vanica. To the eye it is apparent that the illuminating power of the Pofinus is far greater than that of the Photurts. 360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The results of the study of the candle-power, radiation and tempera- ture measurements will be described at some future time, and it will be Sew; Ll Fic. 27.--Spectral energy curves of fire-fly and glow worm. sufficient to add that in a healthy fire-fly the abdominal segments contain- ing the photogenic organ are at a higher temperature than the dark seg- ments, whether or not the flashing is in progress. In conclusion, it may be added that for the first time we have sub- stantial evidence that the colour of the light of various fire-flies is different; the maximum emission of the Pyrophorus noctilucus being at...... .538p. Photuris pennsylvanica “ “ . 55 2p. LPhotinus pyralis ON. Sat ones EERE 567p. Photinus consanguineus “ “ ...., Ey oY Mailed October, 4th, 1911. The Ganactiay Entomologist, VoL. XLIII. LONDON, NOVEMBER, rog1rt. No. 11 FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MILLARVILLE, ALTA. (Continued from page 339.) 248. Luxoa vallus Smith._-The type from Laggan is a female, and not a male as I stated in my previous notes. Besides that, I have seen a female taken here on Oct. 5th, 1907, now in my collection, and a male taken by Mr. Sanson at Banff on Sept. 8th, t909. This appears to be a valid species, so far as I can judge. After seeing my own female and the type, I had supposed them to be large suffused specimens of vu/pina, but Mr. Sanson’s male made me change my opinion. 249. £. pestula Smith is, I have been very much surprised to find, the correct name for what I had listed as A/euritica. Prof. Smith has a pair of types in his collection from Calgary, and the rest of his series under the name when I saw his collection were the same species. But most unfortunately all five co-types which Prof. Smith sent me when he described it, along with several others bearing his own festz/a label, are focinus, or at any rate of that group, which accounts for my confusion of pestuZa with Jocinus (XXXVII, p. 60, 1905). There is a resemblance between certain specimens, but their distinctness is unquestionable. My comparison of this species with messorza holds good. Sir George Hampson figures Grote’s male type of pZewritica under the erroneous name of zzsignata Walker. This iusignata of Walker’s is a rubbed female from Nova Scotia, but is easily recognizable as ochrogaster Guen., as pointed out by Prof Smith in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XV, 143, 1907. My likeness of pestu/a to Hampson’s figure is quite justified (XXXVII, 56), but I fear I must retract the statement that it is “ without doubt ” the same, as, though closely allied, I believe them to be distinct. As it happens, the figure is a bit more variegated than the specimens, and too ochreous, and the pale gray shades on costa and inner margin are exaggerated. I should probably suspect sestula of being Aleuritica, were it not that I believe I recognize the latter in another very closely allied species occurring here, to be treated of under additions. s 362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 250. &. incallida Smith.—I shali have to let the species stand under this name at present. By comparison of types I decided that zacallida and /utulenta were probably the same species as suggested by Dr. Dyar in the Kootenai List. But Dr. Barnes, who has a series under both names from the type locality, Sierra Nevada, California, thinks them distinct, and makes guinguelinea a third species. ‘The Calgary species is exceedingly variable, and seems to be the same as the one recorded from Kaslo, and is probably identical with the Nevada female figured by Hampson as lutulenta. J have examined the specimen figured by him as zucal/ida, and it is undoubtedly the Manitoba form I referred to, which still looks to me distinct, nor can I give it any known name which satisfies me. These specimens, however, come in an extremely difficult and variable group, including a number of names, as to the status of which I have formed no definite opinion, and with which I do not care to tamper just now. 251. &. /aggane Smith.—I have examined the type from a drawing from which Sir George Hampson’s very bad figure is copied. I did not recognize it as anything known to me, but am inclined to associate it closely with fuscigera Grt., of which I make ¢ferrenus Smith a synonym, by comparison with both types. The type of fuscigera in the British Museum is a male from Sausalito, Calif., but is not the specimen figured by Hampson, which is from the same locality, but may not be the same species. The type of ¢errenus is a male in the Washington Museum, from Pullman, Wash, Terr. One of my series of fuscigera from Stockton, Utah, is extremely like Smith’s figure of Zaggane. 252. L. testu/a Smith, = acornis Smith.—My notes say the type is ‘‘a grayish-brown, even acornis.” In the type of the latter the spots happen to be outlined with pale annuli, a rather unusual feature in the species, but present in several of my picked series. In festw/a they are outlined in dark. The species has occasionally been rather common in September. 253. The specimen referred to under this number still remains unique so far as my collection is concerned. I doubt its being d7fformis. 254. £. recticincla Smith.—I re-examined the type of this when at Washington, fifteen years after seeing it first, and I had certainly seen none meanwhile. My suggestion that it might be acornis proves wide of the mark. I do not feel sure that it may not prove to be pedalzs Smith, of which the only type, a male from Colorado, stands by itself in the same collection. ‘The latter is larger, and reddish rather than yellow-luteous. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 363 Both may be the same as #e/eboa Smith, described from a female from New Mexico, which I have seen in the Brooklyn Museum. Hampson’s figure of the latter, taken from a coloured drawing of the type, is rather too faintly marked. TZe/eboa was described one page before feda/is, and resembles rectzcincta more closely than does the other. Hampson places the three next one another, on the strength of figures sent him of the types, but had no specimens. 255. E. holoberba Smith.-—I have not come across this species here for some years, and have only a single Calgary specimen in my collection. I have, however, a beauty from Nelson, B. C., almost exactly like it. It is a Close ally of sfomwsa Smith, and may possibly prove to be the same, but my specimens of o/oberba denote a larger, more robust insect, though of course that character may be variable. The type of sfonsa is from the State of Washington, and that of muma Strecker from Seattle in that State. I believe them to be the same species, and identical with the type of micronyx Grote from California. All three types are females. That of sponsa is at Washington, mwma in the Strecker collection at Chicago, and micronyx in the British Musenm. 256. £. neotelss Smith (Pr. -U.. S:N.. M.,. XXU,* p. 446. 1900, Carneades). £. objurgata Smith (Id., p. 448). £. cariosus Smith (Id., p. 449).—A pair of types of each of these three names, all from Pullman, Washington State, are in the Washington Museum, and co-types are there and in Prof. Smith’s collection. Colorado is given under the description as another locality for zeofe/7s, and Dakota © for objurgata. E. focinus Smith.(Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XI., p. 7, 1903).—No. 264 of my list. This was described from a long series from Calgary ; Pull- man, Washington; Glenwood Springs, Colo., and Truckee and Sierra Nevada, Calif. I have notes on a female type and a co-type from Pullman, in Prof. Smith’s collection, but omitted to write notes on the male type. I must apologise to Prof. Smith, as I know he has been unable to see with me in this matter, but I feel bound to express my opinion that the above four names refer to the same species, and moreover, that they do not even denote anything approaching the wide range of variation which I believe the species to possess. Compare my previous notes under odjurgata and focinus in CAN. Ent., XXXVI, pp. 57, 59, and on p. 60, under festuZa in error, as all specimens I then had under that name are really this species. The female types objurgata and - 364 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. neotelis look to my eye very nearly exactly alike, and co-types of some of the names seem equally like types of the others. It is necessary that I should here refer to that much maligned type, Mamestra insulsa Walker. It is of course, as all are agreed who have seen it, not a AZamestra at all, but of the Agrotid genus called Luxoa by Hampson and Smith. It was first referred by Smith in his Catalogue toa species apparently very widely distributed and common throughout the temperate portion of this continent, which has long stood under that name in probably all carefully named collections, but which should henceforth be known as declarata Walk., of which decolor Morr., probably, and cam- pestris Grt., certainly, are synonyms (No. 261 of this list). But Sir George Hampson in his Catalogue, Vol. IV, puzzled some of us much by quoting insudsa asa synonym of messorta Harr. Prof. Smith, in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc.,- XV, 142, reviewing Hampson’s work, states that, after re-examination of the type he concludes that his own reference to the campestris-decolor series was correct, and that ‘‘zzsu/sa has nothing to do with messoria.” The reference of the name by two different men to such distinct and dissimilar species led me to conjecture that either the type must be a badly rubbed specimen, or the available daylight in the British Museum bad. During my visits there in February and March, 1909, I was much surprised to find that neither was the case. The light at the table where I studied was, on a clear day, distinctly good, as is also the specimen, a female, labelled ‘‘ W. Canada, Orilla, Bushe,” from which the description was presumably taken in 1856. Bearing Prof. Smith’s notes in mind, I studied it long, in different lights, at different angles, on different days, and even re-examined it after an interval of several weeks. I never for one moment could associate it with either sessoria or declarata. But what I did associate it with, both at very first sight and always subse- quently, was the species at present under discussion, my numbers 256, 264 and 265, which I have long been in the habit of calling the “ /ocinus group.” YetI felt sure I had never seen anything to quite match it, but believed, and still believe, that it will ultimately be declared to belong here, in which case of course it will have preference. I have been on the lookout ever since for something to match the type, according to the impression it made on my mental vision, and have hunted specially amongst Ontario material of the fesse//ata series, but without success. My notes taken on the spot say: “It looks to me much more like /ucinus Smith (? = fesse//ata Harr.), of the uniform type, with no black at all, and pale s. t. line. It is a good specimen, and perhaps best matched with THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 5 ae some of the bluer forms of fociaus, which Smith named od7urgata for me.” But the nearest approach I have yet seen to it is a male co-type of meofe/ts from Pullman, Washington, in Prof. Smith’s collection, though that is a good deal paler. The comparison was from memory alone. The type locality of zzsu/sa is presumably intended for Orillia, Ontario, whence material may reasonably be looked for to decide the point. It is of course not impossible that the locality is entirely wrong, and it may have been taken west of the Rockies. Names which I associate closely with this group are /fessel/ata Harr. (No. 263) and xordica Smith (271) q. v. 257. This species is certainly not zw¢rita Morr., for note on which vide under revda-infra. I have not yet found a name for it, and use a manuscript one for myself. It is an ally of zuztrzta and basiflava, and occurs on Vancouver Island. It is rare in collections. 258. £. mollis Walk.—Several specimens were taken at light here on July 5th, 1910. Sir George Hampson’s figure is fair of the female type from St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, on the northern boundary of Ontario. Serna/di Morr. has been correctly referred to the same species. There is a female type from Oldtown (? Maine) in the British Museum, and another, without locality label, in the Neumoegen collection at Brooklyn. 259. £. reuda Streck.—The specimen I recorded by this name, which is still a unique so far as my local material is concerned, is probably correctly named. I have a female taken last year by Mr. Thomas Baird at High River, about thirty miles from here and farther from the foothills. This is smaller and more like some specimens received of the same season’s catch at Husavick and Winnipeg Beach, Man., fom Mr. Wallis, matching some of my long Vancouver Island series closely, except in the slightly smaller size. In my hurry during my short day at the Field Museum, I unfortunately overlooked the types of vewda in the Strecker collection, but my own specimens so referred, and all I have seen in other collections, have been, I think, conspecific with ¢zfrita Morr., of which the type, a male from Vancouver Island, is very well figured by Hampson, and is a dark ferruginous brown form with indistinct maculation. Reuda was described from Seattle, Washington, and the description reads like the same species with more distinct maculation and black in the cell, the females being stated to be much paler. S¢rigi/zs Grt., type a female in the British Museum from Vancouver Island, is a rather dark though well s 366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. maculate specimen of the same species, and is well figured by Hampson. Titubatis Smith, described from two males from Oregon, with mention of Colorado specimens having been seen, is about intermediate between strigilis and intrita, and isthe same species. I have seen both types, one at Washington, the other in Brooklyn Museum, I have a fine series from Vancouver Island, and the variation covers all the above and more. My series includes specimens well matched with all types except reuzda. The synonymy of this species, in order of publication, appears to be intrita Morr. strigilis Grt. titubatis Smith. reuda Streck. Alticola Smith, described from the Sierra Nevada, Calif., is a very near ally of the above, and may be the same species. I have seen seven specimens marked “type” in the Rutger’s College, Washington, and Henry Edwards’ collections, as well as a number of others from the same locality. The colour is “a mixture of red and clay-yellow, varying toa definite bright red-brown or deep brick-red,” as described in Smith’s Monograph. The variation seems to run suspiciously near some Vancouver Island specimens of zzfrzta, and individuals are in the Henry Edwards’ collec- tion from both localities, very much alike. In fact, as my notes say, “alticola suggests to me the reddish end of the ¢ztubatzs series.” Hamp- son’s figure is excellent of a Sierra Nevada male in the British Museum, but the open, v-shaped orbicular is the artist’s copy of an illusion caused by an abrasion of the scales in that region on the left wing, the right orbicular seeming to me round, 260. The species I had listed as Euxoa rena Smith seems to be the one which that author has described as cervinea in Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXVI, 262, Nov., 1910. The description was made from five males and one female from Bozeman, Mont.; Vancouver, B. C.; Banff and Calgary, Alta. Of rena, described from the Sierra Nevada, Calif., I have examined six or seven types in the Washington, Rutger’s College and New York collections. I did not feel confident that these were all the same species. At any rate,a female type in the Henry Edwards’ collection struck me as being probably distinct from two male types there, and more like some of the gray forms of the zeofed’s and ‘¢esse/lata group. In Prof. Smith’s collection, he had a Calgary female (probably the one mentioned under the description of cervinea as possibly distinct) standing under rena and specimens from Olds, Alta., under dssona, under which name my No. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 367 260 has often been recorded. A Calgary specimen of my own I com- pared with his male type of veva there, but did not feel quite sure that they were the same. Whether cervinea=rena in part or not, is, to my mind, a doubtful point, and I think the types of zeza may prove a mixture. Cervinea is certainly allied to mznzts, as Prof. Smith states, the latter being a larger species, with black or blackish in the cell. The type of munis is from Colorado, a female, in the British Museum. Just what dssona is I cannot quite discover. It was described from Labrador, and the type is presumably in Moschler’s collection. A Labrador specimen in the British Museum from the Grote collection is well figured by Hampson, and might pass for a poorly-marked rena or cervinea. The dissona of Prof. Smith’s collection did not help me, anda Labrador female standing under the name in the Strecker collection seemed to me some species not closely allied to veva at all. Staudinger gives it priority over opipara Morr., which he makes a variety, but in this Sir George Hampson does not concur. 261. E. declarata Walk., syn. decofor Morr. and campestris Grt. (= insudsa Smith, nec. Grt.).—This is the species which has long stood in nearly all North American collections, and has been treated of in literature as insuldsa Walk. But I have endeavoured to demonstrate above (under 256) that zzsu/sa is distinct, and not very closely allied. Declarata, of which the type is a female in the British Museum from Vancouver Island, is wrongly treated by Hampson as a synonym of ¢esse//ata. It is the species figured by Holland on Plate XXIII, fig. 3, as zsw/sa—erroneous- ly, as per other authors—and also fig. 10, as ochrogaster, though how it came to pass muster as the latter species is-a mystery. Campestris Grt., type a female in the same collection from New York, is the same species. ‘The type of Morrison’s deco/or I have not seen, nor the description, and merely follow Prof. Smith and others in referring it as a form of declarata with contrasting shades, not uncommon in the species. Such a form 1s figured by Hampson, though the figure seemed to me too contrasting for any specimen in the Museum collection. If the same, dec/arata has prefer- ence by nine years. Expulsa Walk., type a female in the British Museum, from Vancou- ver Island, has been referred by Prof. Smith to zzsu/sa, and by Sir George Hampson to messoria. I wholly agree with the latter. I had already in my collection a good series of messorza from Vancouver Island, where a dark variation is rather common, and recognized it at once. It is a rather uni- form and dark specimen with even smoky secondaries, and dark shading - 368 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. between the spots. Both authors claim a close resemblance between this type and that of zusu/sa (Can. EntT., XXXVII, 59, line 11, 1905, and Journ. N.Y. Ent. Soc., XV, 143, 1907). Closely analysed, I must admit a general similarity in both maculation and colour, though I did not notice it at first. Such similarity, however, is often to be noticed in this genus, between occasional specimens of species not really closely related. In this instance I should not have thought of associating them. 263. £. tessellata Harr.—When I published my former notes on this species, I was evidently under the impression that I could separate it from focinus. Without going so far as to claim that they are identical, I must regret my inability to draw any line between them, and shall not be sur- prised if they ultimately prove the same. I have seen neither the type nor original description of fesse//ata, but believe it to have been described from the Eastern States. I have a series from Ontario, and can match some of the specimens very well with local material. Typical focinus is slightly larger, and more blue-gray, but the variation here seems to be enormous, and to include forms, many of which appear to be locally con- stant elsewhere. Many of these have been described, and their validity seems to be taken for granted. In Prof. Smith’s Catalogue, three names are given as synonyms under this heading, though one of them, zégricans, appears to be a citation in error of Riley’s. Including these, Sir George Hampson gives eight, of which, however, I have placed dec/arata Walk. as a distinct species, probably prior to deco/or Morr. ‘This leaves seven supposed synonyms, As a frank admission of my lack of understanding of this group, or, at any rate, of my inability to make the necessary association of characters by which the various forms may be distinguished from each other so as to suggest distinctness of species, I may state that, in addition to those seven, I have nine other names, as to the validity of which I do not feel at all assured, and which I have indexed as possible synonyms. Of some of this total of sixteen I know absolutely nothing, and merely follow Smith and Hampson. Of most of the others I have seen the types, have often compared one with another, and taken extensive notes. Of a few I feel more or less convinced of the identity, with others I must look forward to a better acquaintance. ‘This certainly comprises the largest group in all the Noctuide that I have studied in which I have failed to arrive at definite conclusions. As to iéusignata Walk., referred to in my former notes, it appears that Walker gave the name to two species referable to a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 369 this genus, on two different pages of the same volume. Both these have already been correctly referred by Prof. Smith, one to ochrogaster, the other to Zessed/ata. The type of the latter zzsignata Walker described again in the following year as 7//a¢a, thus combining two synonyms in a double type. Ihave this type very closely matched with a specimen from Cart- wright, Man. erdentans is another type which I have fairly closely matched with a Calgary specimen in my No. 243. As to Riley’s citation of zigricans Linn., I have two fine males from Redvers, Sask., from Mr. Crocker, one of which has travelled with me to the British Museum and all over the eastern collections without finding anything to match it more closely than some of a European series under that name in the British Museum. Yet I do not feel at all assured that the specimens are not dark variations of ¢esse//ata, Dr. Dyar’s focinus of the Kootenai List includes specimens which I should most certainly call ¢esse//ata. My notes under Nos. 243, 256, 264 and 271 should be here referred to. The group is rarely common here, but I have examined probably some hundreds of local captures, and many from Saskatchewan and Manitoba, from British Columbia, and sundry places in the Western States. 264. FE. focinus Smith.—Vide ¢esse//ata supra and neotelis (No. 256). 265. £. pestula Smith.—This is a good species, and is the 249 of this list. But all the specimens referred to by me under this heading in XXXVII, p. 56, 1905, were, I believe, foctaus Smith. (To be continued.) CANADIAN TIPULID:. I have been appointed by Dr. Hewitt to compile the list of crane- flies for the new Canadian catalogue. Our knowledge of the Z7pudid@ of any country is exceedingly limited, and Canada is no exception to the rule. I should be glad to determine material for collectors from either alcoholic or dried specimens, and will return named duplicates if so requested. ‘The smaller, inconspicuous species (sub-family Amphinomine- Simnobine of authors) are especially desired. Authenticated data will be gratefully received.—CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, Dept. of Entomology, | Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. s 370 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTERA CHAL- CIDOIDEA: THE GENUS ARTHROLYTUS THOMSON: HORISMENUS MICROGASTER ASHMEAD. BY A. ARSENE GIRAULT, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA, (Continued from page 354.) 3. Arthrolytus rugifrons Thomson. Thomson, 1878, p. 160. De Dalla Torre, 1398, p. 155. Schmiedeknecht, 1909, p. 359. “3. A. rugifrons m: Viridis, antennis scapo pedibusque pro parte pallidis, abdomine rotundo-ovato, ventre et basi sepe pallidis. @ Lon., 2-3 mill. “Species statura, omino MMerapori, sed antennis postannello haud parvo, ab affinibus capite fortiter subrugoso-punctato, ocellis fere in triangulum dispositis, mandibulis haud validis ; antennis infra medium faciei convexz insertis, articulo ro toto vel subtus pallido, ocellum haud attingente, 20 haud parvo, 30 vix conspicuo, 4o discreto, 5-10 sensim crassioribus, 50 vix, 100 fortius transverso, clava haud parva; thorace collari angusto, medio subacuto, scutello convexo, metathorace brevi sed haud declivi, punctata, plica et carina media distinctis; alis hyalinis, apice ciliato, speculo parvo, cellula basali postice pilosula; abdomine thorace fere latiore, subtus parum convexo, ventre et postpetiolo pro parte pallidis; pedibus minus validis, coxis zneis, femoribus tibiisque fuscotestaceis optime distinguenda. ‘“Temligen sallsynt i norra och medlersta Sverige.”° (Thomson. 1878, p. 160). With the exception of the citations, I have been unable to find further notice of the species in the literature. 4. Arthrolytus puncticollis Mo'ler. Moller, 1882, p. 180. Sandal, 165,24 pp. 124, 223. De Dalla, Torre, 1898, p. 155. Schmiedeknecht. 1909, p. 359. “9. Arthrolytus puncticollis. Nigro eneus, scutello obscure purpur- ascente, scapo antennarum pedibusque partim rufescentibus, abdominis basi viridi, nitido ; thorax subtillissime alutaceus punctis majoribus parce impressis ; alee hyaline; antenne flagello tenui. ¢@ 9. Long., 1.5-3 mm. c. Tolerably rare, in northern and middle Sweden. November, 1911 , THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 371 “ Was.: corpore sepissime minore, antennis longioribus et tenuioribus, flagelli articulis pube albida adpressa vestitis. “ Arth. albiscapo (Thoms.) affinis, sed antennis tenuioribus, alis immaculatis precipueque punctura thoracis insignia bene distinctus. ‘“‘ Lefver som parasit pa Anobium paniceum. “Ett kasseradt af Anobii-larver genomborradt parti af Radix Tridis florentine tillvaratogs sistlidne April for undersokning af larvernes utveckling. Den 131samma manad framkrop ur ett af boorhalen en liten Pteromalinhona af underslagtet Arthrolytus (Thoms.), hvilken i flera hanseenden var olik forut kanda arter. Den 23 April visade sig den forsta lille hanen och under aterstoden af manaden klacktes sparsamt sma hanar och honor. Under Maj-Juli fraamkommo begge konen talrikare och i mera utbildade former. I Augusti utklacktes de storsta honorna , derefter aftog frequensen allt mera till den to September, da de sista parasitsteklarne observerades” (p. 180). (Notes on the dates of issuance of the parasite.) 5. Arthrolytus apatele Ashmead. Ashmead, 1893, p. 162. Webster, 1893, p. 158. De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 155. Schmiedeknecht, 1909, p. 359. “ Genus Arthrolytus’ Thompson. “(6) A. apatele, sp. n.—. Length, 1.5 mm. Black, shining, although exhibiting a fine scaly punctation; scape and legs honey-yellow, or pale ferruginous ; all femora, and the posterior tibiz broadly at the middle, brown ; flagellum subclavate, brown. The head is broad, much wider than the thorax, the vertex being broad androunded. Theantenne are inserted a little below the middle of the face, the funicular joints being short, not or scarcely longer than wide, the club somewhat large, fusiform. Thorax short, the mesonotum being about twice as wide as long, with the parapsides indicated only anteriorly ; collar distinct but narrowed medially ; scutellum convex; metathorax short. Wings hyaline, the marginal vein twice as long as the stigmal, the postmarginal not longer than the stigmal. Abdomen conic-ovate, a little longer than the head and thorax united. ‘¢ Hab.—Wooster, Ohio. ‘‘ Bred by Prof. Webster, from the larva of Apatela populi Riley.” (Ashmead, 1893, p. 162.) SIZ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Although, in the original description just given, the specimen is recorded from a lepidopterous larva, it appears from Webster (1893) that its relationship is not so clear, he having found the original specimens under the body of the host larva, the latter ‘Killed by Rhogas inter- medium Cresson.” The species must be considered, therefore, doubtfully primary on lepidoptera, the alternative being an ichneumonoid. Webster writes: “It does not appear to be abundant.” 6. Arthrolytus eneoviridis, species nova. Normal position. Fema/e:—Length, variable, 2.00 mm. average ; normal in length for the genus. General colour dull dark green, nearly black, with brassy reflections, and in certain lights metallic. Trochanters with some yellowish ; knees, tibiae and tarsi pallid yellow, the lateral aspect of the tibize and the last two tarsal joints dusky ; flagellum of antenne dull fulvous, the pedicel darker and the scape concolorous with the body, fulvous at base and apex ; eyes dull chestnut red, the ocelli ruby red ; wings hyaline, the ven- ation pallid yellow. The abdomen with more greenish and in certain lights with metallic bluish reflections and with some yellowish at dorsal meson near base; ventum concolorous with the general body colour. Tegule dark. Head (cephalic aspect) rounded, slightly convex, the antennz inserted nearly in the middle of the face, slightly above (dorsad of) an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of the eyes, the scape reaching nearly to the cephalic ocellus ; margins of head rounded or obtuse; eyes ovate, in the lateral aspect, but their long axes pointing ventro-mesad and not parallel with the dorso-ventral axis of the gene and less than half the length of the gene, their surface fine, more delicate than that of the head and practically naked, clypeus slightly emarginate at meson of the apical margin. Dorsal aspect, head twice as wice as long, the occipital margin not acute, the vertex wide between the eyes, the head one-third wider than the thorax ; ocelli in a small triangle in the centre of the vertex, the caudal ones not especially near the occipital margin and slightly farther from the eye margin than from the cephalic ocellus ; the distance between them is one-third more than the distance between either and the respective eye margin ; all ocelli round and equal. The whole of the head, occiput, pronotum, mesonotum including the axille and the scutellum, and the metanotum, closely, moderately coarsely, polygonally sculptured, most regularly on the mesonotum and more delicately on the head, pronotum and metanotum, the sculpture being on the latter nearly transversely a a a ees -_ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 373 rugulose, while on the mesonotum it is nearly coarse enough to appear as dense punctures ; caudal margin of the mesoscutum nearly straight, the pronotum distinct, about a fourth the length of the mesoscutum, not nar- rowed mesad ; axille widely separated. Parapsidal furrows indicated cephalad by an impression, but incomplete, yet extending about two-thirds the length of the mesoscutum. Metathoracic spiracle not conspicuous, oval. Metathorax not as long as the scutellum, with a rather short and broad median carina (Coddington lens, 14-inch), the disk peltate with its wings slightly impressed and margined laterad, extending to within a short distance of the spiracle along the cephalic margin, and with its carinated or margined sides extending caudo-mesad to the meson at the insertion of the abdomen where the disk has a very short neck ; a longi- tudinal spiracular sulcus on the dorso-lateral aspect of the metathorax leads from a point just caudo-mesad of the spiracle to the caudal margin of the segment. Metathoracic pleura dorsad with a few long, whitish hairs. Abdomen conic-ovate, widest at the 4th segment and _ thence caudad, conic; segment 2 longest ; segments 3, 4 and 5 subequal, each one-third shorter than the second segment, but wider ; petiole, or the first segment, sessile ; abdomen not quite as long as the head and thorax com- bined ; hypopygium not exserted; venter not produced ventrad, not convex. Legs normal, the proximal tarsal joint of caudal legs longest, one-fourth longer than the second joint, the 3rd, 4th and 5th joints much shorter, the 4th shortest; tibial spurs of caudal legs siogle. Thoracic pleura sculptured like the pronotum, | including also the coxze and femora of all of the legs. Fore and hind wings normal, usually densely ciliate in the disk and with moderately short marginal cilia, the marginal vein in the fore wing less than a half the length of the submarginal vein, moderately short and stout and about a fourth longer than the postmarginal vein ; the latter equal in length to the stigmal vein, the latter bifurcate at its extremity, or rather with a slender nipple-like projection from its cephalo-lateral margin at a distance from the apex of the stigmal vein equal to the length of the projection (=wzcus of Thomson). Scape long and slender, cylindrical, as long as the combined length of the pedicel, the two ring-joints and the first two funicle joints ; pedicel small, obconic, about a third longer than the combined length of the two ring-joints anda third shorter than the first funicle joint ; the latter the longest joint of the flageilum, about as long as the combined lengths of - 374 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the pedicel and ring-joints ; the first ring-joint narrow, longer distally, about a half the length of the second which is quadrate ; joints 2, 3 and 4 of the funicle subequal, about a fourth shorter than joint rt and each slightly shorter than the one in the series of three just preceding ; funicle joint 5 intermediate in length between joints 4 and 6, the latter the shortest funicle joint, quadrate and about a fifth shorter than joint 5 and a third shorter than joint 1; funicle joints gradually decreasing in length and gradually increasing in width, the funicle cylindric-clavate, the joints wider at the apex ; club short, distinctly wider than the funicle and about a third its length, conic-ovate, 3 jointed, widest at the apex of the first or proximal joint, which is subquadrate and equal in length to the 6th funicle joint, but about a fourth or fifth wider ; the second club joint nearly twice wider than long, narrowing cephalad, narrower than the proximal joint, but a third shorter ; the apical club joint small and conic, its longitudinal axis equal to the length of the preceding joint (Fig. A); flagellum hispi- pubescent, clavate, the hairs directed cephalad and closely applied to the joints, giving the appearance of longitudinal carination to them, and ar- ranged in two rows. Mandibles 4-dentate on each side and symmetrical, the lateral tooth longest and most acute forcipiform, the two inner patred but unequal and smallest and the mesal tooth conic ; teeth of mandibles fuscous. (Fig. C). (From 9 specimens, 24-inch objective, 2-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb). A B C Fic 28.—Arthrolytus eneoviridis Girault A.—Fla- gel’um ot female. B.—Antenna of male. C.—Right mandible of female. (The second tooth is drawn too long. Ma/e :-—Length, 1.6 mm. The same. Body smaller, more slender, the abdomen ovate, concolorous, about THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 375 the length of the thorax, the antennz not the same, but longer and fili- form ; genitalia exserted in death; eyes oval, mot ovate. Scape slightly longer in proportion to the pedicel, ring-joints and first two funicle joints, the pedicel and ring-joints relatively shorter, the first two funicle joints relatively longer, than in the female ; flagellum filiform ; pedicel obcuneate, small, twice the size of the combined ring-joints, but only about a third the length of the first funicle joint ; both ring-joints narrow longitudinally, subequal; first funicle joint longest, twice the length of the ring-joints and the pedicel combined and a fifth longer than the second joint ; funicle joints 2 and 3 and 4 and 5 subequal, eacha little shorter than the one immediately preceding, but all longer than wide, the 6th only a third shorter than the first and more than a third longer than the proximal club joint ; club slightly narrower, its proximal and intermediate joints subequal, the latter slightly shorter and each about half the length of the first funicle joint or less ; the apical club joint distinctly smaller, subequal to the pedicel, obtusely conic. (Fig. B). Hairs of antenne about as in the female; in balsam mounted antennae, or under the microscope, appearing as though they were in circular rows of white ridges around the joints, in two or three series, or single as the case might be; in three series or rows on joint 1 of funicle, in two rows on joints 2-6 of funicle, and in a single row on the club joints; in the latter cases the hairs reaching to or beyond the apices of the respective joints ; on the first funicle joint, the hairs originating at the base of each third and a third the length of the joint; on the remaining funicle joints at the base of each half and as long as the respective halves. Scape and pedicel practically impubis. Mandibles as in the female. (From 3 specimens, 23-inch objective, 2-inch optic, Bausch and Lomb.) Described from three males and nine females received for determina- .tion from Mr. R. L. Webster, of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, and bearing the following labeis: “Exp. 204, 29, go July, 1900 (fo5s6 ¢S)y xpe205, 38 July, 1908 (1 9); and “Exp. gaa, c-t4 Oct, 108 (24s, 4 9s);-and “Exp. 177, July 27, 1908” (1 2). Appeared in breeding-cages containing the larve of (Adceris) Ferovea minuta (Robinson), after the ichneumonoid C?:nocentrus americanus Weed and before the entedoninine Horismenus microgaster (Ashmead). Reared at Ames, Iowa, from host material collected at Shenandoah and Des Moines, Iowa. (Webster, 1909). Types.—Accession No. 40,289, illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, Urbana, Illinois; 6 2s on tags and 1 g, 2 2s antenne in * 376 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. xylol-balsam (1 slide), 1 9 head in xylol-balsam (1 slide). Co-type LVo. 12,199, United States National Museum, Washington, D. C.; 1 g,1 tag-mounted. SPECIES FORMERLY REFERRED TO Arthrolytus. 1. Arthrolytus clistocampe (Fitch). This species was described as Cleonymus clistocampe by Fitch (1856). Riley (1871) thought the species to be more properly a Semeotellus : about twenty years later, Ashmead (1894) referred it to Arthrolytus, and subsequently in Howard, in 1897 ; Fiske (1903) decided it to be synonymic with Dibrachys boucheanus (Ratzburg). Still later, however, he again refers to it as Arthrolytus clistocampe (Fitch) (Mason, 1906). I have examined specimens of this insect in the Mason collection, determined by Ashmead and labelled variously Dibrachys clisiocampa (Fitch), Arthroly. tus clisiocampe (Fitch), and there can be no doubt but that they are identical and belong to Dibrachys. The species is Dibrachys boucheanus (Ratzburg) of authors. 2. Arthrolytus pimple (Ashmead). Ashmead, 1894, p. 339. De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 15 5- An examination of the description of this species, together with notes furnished me by Mr. J. C. Crawford, of the National Museum, Washing- ton, D. C, taken from the types, shows that it belongs properly to Dibrachys Foerster. The antenne are inserted distinctly below (ventrad of) the middle of the face, from the direct cephalic aspect, the face not being produced ventrad. This character is easily seen upon comparison of the two genera. The species pimple, however, has the antennal pedicel longer than the proximal funicle joint, not true with Dudbrachys, but the sum of its characters, so far as I know them, shows its affinities to the latter genus. 3. Arthrolytus tncongruens Masi., 1907. | This species has 3- and 4-dentate mandibles ; it is therefore not Arthrolytus, as at present understood. Table of the Species. The following diagnosis is based mostly on the literature. I have been unable to select structural characters as a basis for separation of the species, and have not much reliance on colorational differences in these metallic Pteromalinz. For the present, therefore, the species, as they now stand, are indexed in the following table, which should be used with caution. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 377 Fematles. A. Wings with a dusky area. a. Brassy-green, the scape yellow-brown. Flagellum jnCTassate [> ioe es ioe Ee era ... punctatus Thomson. b. Verdigris-green, the scape white; flagellum not incrassate ; apical tooth of mandible larger..........a/biscapis Thomson. B. Wings hyaline. 1. Blackish-green, with some metallic lustre. a. Scape reddish, or partly so, flagellum slender, not clavate ; base of abdomen green, shining... ..puncticollis Moller. b. Scape blackish-green, concolorous, flagellum clavate ; base of abdomen with some yellow ; marginal vein a fourth longer than the stigmal; pedicel a third shorter than joint 1 of the funicle; pronotum not narrowed at the meson. ei ......@neoviridis Girault. 2. Black, with little « or no slr te eas a. Scape honey-yellow ; flagellum subclavate, brown ; base of abdomen concolorous ; marginal vein twice as long as the stigmal ; pronotum narrowed at meson. Soars Peto \w 13. ss EPEC aks Diheae 3. Verdigris or noe green, metic a. Scape pallid ventrad ; flagellum incrassate or’clavate ; base of abdomen often pallid ; pedicel not small; pronotum narrow, subacute at meson........ rugifrons Thomson. Males. The males of but three of the species are known; they may be recognized by the following index : A. Wings hyaline. 1. Brassy-green, metallic. a. Scape reddish ; abdomen with a pallid spot at base; legs reddish, the coxze and femora brassy- SECIS. 0.5 ck PS eo ea Ts eros punctatus VYhomson. 2. Blackish, with & some netic greenish. a. Scape black-greenish ; abdomen concolorous; flagellum filiform ; legs pallid-yellow, coxze epallic ae Bt ie .eneoviridis Girault. b. Scape acne base oe aunonen green shining ; flagellum filiform ; eee WINE. s's te 22 wae « PUNGICON ES ONE (To be continued.) 378 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. SOME LITHOBIOMORPHA FROM THE REGION OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY. BY RALPH V. CHAMBERLIN, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Of the six species of the Lithobiomorpha described by Stuxburg from California, the types of four were secured at Sausalito, or near by, on San Francisco Bay. Among these the identification of Lithobius kochti and Lithobius obesus has been simple; but considerable uncertainty has attached to the forms designated by Stuxberg as Lzthobius megaloporus, later placed in his subgenus Pseudolithobius, and Lithobius pusio, placed by its author in his subgenus Archilithobius, this difficulty being due to the fact that the types were immature individuals, as I previousiy showed to be indicated by various points in one description. In order, if possible, to clear up this uncertainty, especially with reference to the species megaloporus, which seemed to merit generic rank, I took advantage of an opportunity presented in April of this year to make collections at Sausalito and several other points on the San Francisco Bay (Mill Valley, Oakland and Berkeley). Ample material of the species described Ly Stuxberg, as well as of other species, including several interesting new ones, was secured. The anticipations with reference to the species megaloporus and pusio were fulfilled. Stuxberg gives the length of megaloporus as 12 mm., whereas that of adults is from 35 to 39 mm. The species must be given separate generic rank, and wili stand as Pseudolithobius megaloporus. The species fusio, as anticipated, proves to belong to the genus Bothro- polys and to have been based upon a young specimen of a distinct species, and not of &. monticola, as was thought possible. 2. monticola seems not to occur in the Coast Mts. or region, but to be confined to the Sierras and the country northward, being common in Oregon and Wash- ington. Brief descriptions of these two species are given below. Of the new forms discovered quite unexpectedly, the most interesting is Luethobius coniugans, the second species of the genus to become known. Unlike JS. oabitus, the type species, the new species shows conspicuous sexual dimorphism. The males are uniformly larger than the females, and are remarkable for the very long and distinctly three- jointed gonopods, differing from those of the female in lacking terminal claws and basal spines. In this regard the species suggests a transition from forms presenting no dimorphism to those such as Zzthobius, in which it is more marked and the male gonopods mostly small and wart-like and November, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 379 but two- or more often, one-jointed. Zygethobius sokarienus is the third species of its genus to be made known. 1. Bothropolys xantt Wood. One specimen was taken at Mill Valley. This species is abundant southward, the author having numerous specimens from Stanford, Pacific Grove and Monterey, Santa Barbara, Sin Bernadino, Los Angeles, Santa Monica, Claremont, etc. 2. Bothropolys pusto (Stuxberg). 1875. Lithobius pusio Stuxberg, Ofvers. af Kgd. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl,, No..2; ps 67;,.No-35-f:- 3: 190g. nec. Lithobius pusio Chamberlin, Ann. Ent. Soc. America, Pp: s2O7: Brown, often of reddish caste, the head not darker, concolorous with dorsum; some of the major dorsal scuta in some, with the caudal border very dark, and some with a median dark stripe. Antennz reddish brown, pale distad. Prosternum and prehensorial feet brown, the posterior ventral plates of same colour; the legs and most of venter lighter brown, the caudal pairs of legs commonly pale distad. Antenne short, composed of 20 articles of moderate length, which gradually decrease in size from the second to the ultimate. Ocelli distinct, usually thirteen in number, and arranged in three series, thus, 1 +5, 4, 3. Prosternal teeth 6+6-6+7, stout, darkened, uniform in size and spacing, all apically, bluntly rounded. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Coxal pores of various sizes, smal and very small, mostly arranged in two or three series. “The caudil series on each coxa consists of the larger pores, usually 4 or 5 in number; the next series is composed of smaller pores, and the third or most anterior of the smallest ; the second and third series often confused or forming a single irregular row. Pores in number usually from 7 or 8 (12th coxa) to 12 (13th-15th coxe) in number on each coxa. Last two pairs of coxe armed laterally and ventral y ; the last three pairs armed dorsally. Spines of the first legs 2, 3, 1; of the penult 1°, 3, 3, 2, with two claws ; of the anal 1, 3,.2, 1, the claw single. Genital appendages of the male as usual in the genus, distinctly two jointed. 380 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Claw of gonopods in the female tripartite. Basal spines 2+ 2, cylindrical or clavate at base, the upper portion conical and excavated on one side, and sometimes with accessory points at base of conical portion. Length, 17.5 mm.; width, ad 2 mm. Localities. —Sausalito (type locality) and Mill Valley. The species was found to be common in both these localities. The identification of this species with Stuxberg’s puso would have been difficult, or more probably, impossible, had it not been for the statement in regard to the spining of the posterior coxe: ‘ Pedim analium articulus primus calcaribus binis, majore ventrali, minore _laterale, armatus.” As among the North American Lithobiomorpha known to the author, only the species of Bothropolys have the posterior coxe armed with a ventral spine, he concluded that the type of Awszo belonged to this genus, and, since Stuxberg represents the coxal pores as being in a single series and few in number, that it must be immature. As the species above described is common in the type locality and the only member of the genus of the coastal region having all dorsal plates straight, its identity with fwszo is obvious. Young specimens agree fully with Stuxberg’s account. 3. Lithobius kochii Stuxberg. 1875. Ofvers. af Kgl. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl.,. No. 2, p. 09,9 No: 3, P 30: A half dozen specimens conforming fully to the original description were taken at Sausalito, the type locality. It had previously been taken at Ukiah (probably), Stanford, Pacific Grove and Claremont. 4. Lithobius obesus Stuxberg. 1875. Ofvers, af Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., No. 2, p. 67; Noogppaan. This very distinct species was found to be very common at Sausalito, the type locality, from where it seems to range southward to Los Angeles Co., the author having in his collection specimens from Stanford, Pacific Grove and Monterey, Los Angeles, Laurel Canyon, San Bernadino, Claremont and Catalina Island. 5. Lithobius tiganus Chamberlin. 19cg. Lithobius utahensis Chamberlin (ad max. part.), Ann. Ent. Soc. America, p. 187. 1910. Lithob‘us utahensis, var. tiganus Chamberlin, P. C. Journ. Ent. p= 37-4. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 381 Very common under damp leaves, etc., at Berkeley, Sausalito and Mill Valley. Previously known from various other points in California. 6. Lithobius patonius, n. sp. Dorsum dark brown ; the head paler and more reddish. Antenne brown proximally, pale brown or yellowish distally. Venter dark brown, usually a little paler than the dorsum. Legs whitish to grayish brown, the ultimate pairs bright yellow distad. Antenne short; composed of twenty articles, which gradually decrease in length from the second to the ultimate, not inclusive. Ocelli 4 to 6 (7) on each side, in one straight series or sometimes more irregular, and in two imperfect series, thus, 1+3 or 1+3 (2), 2, those of the upper series well separated and the median one imperfectly divided from the contiguous one of lower row. Prosternal teeth moderate in size, acute, and but little darkened ; 2+ 2, uniform in size and spacing. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Coxal pores small, round, 2, 3, 3, 3. Last two pairs of coxz laterally armed; last three pairs dorsally armed. Tarsi of anterior legs undivided ( AZonotarsodius ). Spines of first legs 1, 1 (2), 1; of penult 1, 3, 3, 1, with two claws; of the anal 1, 3, 2, 0, the claw single. Anal and penult legs in both male and female strongly and uniformly crassate, but little larger in male than in female. Claw of female gonopods relatively wide, tripartite; basal spines 2+ 2. Length, 5-6.5 mm. Localities. —Sausalito, Mill Valley, Berkeley. Common under layers of damp leaves. Related to Z. tiganus and L. utahensis, but readily distinguishable by the decidedly and constantly smailer size. 7. Lithobius angelus, subsp. satanus, subsp. nov. Dorsum brown, the caudal margins of major plates cephalad of middie darker. Head dark brown, paler in front of the frontal suture. Prehensorial feet orange, the prosternum brown. Antenne dark proxi- mally, becoming pale distad. Posterior pairs of legs with their distal joints conspicuously orange-coloured. Antenne short, composed of 34 or 35 compactly arranged articles, of which the second is largest, those beyond the third short or very short. s 382 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Ocelli 6 on each side, arranged in two series, thus, 1 + 3, 2. Prosternal teeth 2+ 2, moderate in size, darkened, the inner one on each side larger than the outer. Angles of the ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates produced. Coxcalpores:3,/3, 3,-3, circular. Last pair of coxee armed laterally with a short, stout spine; last three pairs armed dorsally with much longer spines. All tarsi biarticulate, Spines of the first legs 0, 1, 1-0, 2 (?), 1; of the penult 1, 3, 3, 2, with two claws; of the anal 1, 3, 3, 1, also with two claws. Anal legs in male slender and moderately long. Locality.—Oakland, Cal. Three males were secured, of which two are but partly grown, and the third lacks a little of maturity. The form is very close to Z. Angelus Chamberlin, described originally from Los Angeles, but also found by the author at Croville (April, 1911) ; it differs in the greater number of articles of the antennz, which seems to be constantly 28 or 29 in amgedus and in their size and form, in the spining of the legs, the form of the anal legs, CUE. 8. Pseudolithobius megaloporus (Stuxberg). 1875. Lithobius megaloporus (Stuxberg, Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.- Akad. Forhandl.; and Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 190). 1875. Lithobius megaloporus, subgenus Pseudolithobius Stuxberg, Ofvers. Kongl. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl., No. 3, p. 8. 19to. Pseudolithobius megaloporus Chamberlin, P. C. Journ. Ent. Body wide anteriorly, parallel sided over most of length, attenuated caudad. All dorsal scuta strongly margined laterally, rugose. Sternal plates, especially the more posterior ones, broadly produced caudad, so that each at the middle more or less overlaps the succeeding one. Dorsum brown, the first dorsal plate commonly darker and more rounded, and the scuta frequently darkened along caudal border. Head and prosternum with prehensorial feet a little darker and more reddish than the dorsum. Antenne brown, uniform. Venter and legs a paler brown, uniform in most. Antenne short, composed of twenty articles, which are moderate and mostly uniform in size. I’yes small, composed of few ocelli, the number on each side being mostly 5 or 7, which are arranged in two series, thus, 1 + 3, 2-1 +3, 3. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 383 Prosternal teeth mostly 3+ 3 or 4+4, in the latter case the inner- most and the outermost on each side decidedly smaller than the two inner ones. Angles of the ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates produced, Coxal pores rather large, round or oval, each enclosed in a large, circular pale area, which in some might be superficially regarded as the pore ; 3, 4, 45 45 4: Tarsi of all legs biarticulate. None of the coxz armed laterally or ventrally, the last five pairs (those bearing pores) with a short, stout spine dorsally. Spines of the first legs 3, 3, 3; of the penult 1, 3, 3, 2, with two claws ; of the anal 1, 3, 3, 1, the claw single. Anal legs of male of moderate length, slender ; the fifth joint con- spicuously bowed ventrad, and flattened and longitudinally furrowed above or dorsally. Claw of the female gonopods entire or weekly notched at apex; basal spines 3 + 3. Length of adults up to 39 mm.; width, 4 mm.; length of antenne and anal legs ad 13 mm. Localities.—Sausalito (type Jocality) and Oroville. Two adult males were secured at Sausalito, and numerous males and females were taken at Oroville. ‘They were found for the most part under stones and other objects lying in open treeless areas. ‘They are slow to take alarm, often lying quite unconcerned after stones have been rolled from over them and they themselves jarred, and seem in every way more sluggish than the species of ZztHob/us and related genera. 9. Zygethobius sokarienus, sp. Nov. Conspicuously attenuated from region of the tenth dorsal plate cephalad ; dorsum well arched, shining. Dorsum reddish brown or chestnut, the head and ultimate segments darker, the coloration of the head uniform. Antenne dark reddish brown proximaliy, becoming pale distad ; prosternum with prehensorial feet, and the venter brown, often of reddish tinge, the posterior segments of the venter darker. Legs usually brown, sometimes dark except proximally and distally, and the posterior pairs usually darker than the others. Antenne moderately long, but not quite equalling half the length of the body. Articles 38-39, the first two long, the next twelve abruptly and also narrower, those beyond the fourteenth longer and more loosely - 384 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. joined, and showing a marked tendency for two shorter articles to alternate with one longer one. Ocellus on each side large, bluish, often showing a slight tendency toward doubling. Prosternal teeth 3 + 3. Angles of ninth, eleventh and thirteenth dorsal plates produced. Coxal pores round, moderate in size; 3, 3, 3-3, 4, 4, 4. Legs as usual; tibial process well developed, apically spinescent in anterior pairs ; all feet ending in three claws ; anal legs long and slender. Claw of goncpods long, entire ; basal spines 2+ 2, stout and conical. Length, 13 mm.; width, 2 mm.; length of antenne 6-6.5 mm. Locaiity.—Miull Valley, Cal. Ten specimens were secured under leaves and sticks in a very damp, shaded locality such as preferred by the other species of the genus. This, the third species of the genus to be made known, is very close to Z. dolichopus Chamberlin, found originally in the Wahsatch Mts. at elevations above 8,oco feet; but it is larger and more robust, and presents constant differences in coloration and in some structural details. 10. Buethobius coniugans, Sp. nov. Light orange in colour, the head and caudal segments darker, but the head pale in front of frontal suture. Antennze and legs yellow, the caudal pairs of the latter usually darker, orange, especially so proximally. Antenne short or moderate in length, being considerably variable, composed of 43-45 articles, of which the first two, or more rarely three, are largest, those immediately succeeding the second or third being very short, the more distal ones becoming again longer; the last two longer than those immediately proximad of them. Ocelli none. Prosternal teeth 3 +3, small, acute, in some darkened apically. Angles of none of the dorsal plates produced. Coxal pores: 2, 2,3, 2—3, 3, 3, 3, round. Ultimate cox produced into an acute process at distal end, this projecting caudad as in some Scolopenoride. Tarsi mostly biarticulate, though often very indistinctly so in anterior pairs, and in some the articulation difficult to detect in any of the first thirteen pairs of legs. Each leg of the first fourteen pairs ending in three claws, the anal legs each with but a single claw. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 385 Anal legs both in male and female long and slender. Genital appendages of male long and conspicuous; composed of three distinct articles, of which the ultimate is conical and terminates in a stout bristle. Claw of gonopods of female undivided ; basal spines 2+ 2, conical distally, cylindrical or somewhat clavate proximally. Length of male, 10.5 mm.; width at eighth dorsal plate, 1.4 mm. Female shorter, in length 8.5 mm., and more slender, the width at eighth dorsal plate being 1.1 mm. Length of anal legs in male ad 4.6 mm. Localities.—Berkeley and Mill Valley. This is the second species of Buethobius to become known. In the case of the type species, 2B. oaditus Chamberlin, found in Mississippi, all the specimens found had the gonopods terminating in claws, thus appear- ing to be females. The character of the appendages in the male is interesting, these appendages differing from those in the female only in lacking the terminal claw and the basal spines. It may be found that in Lamyctes, Zygethobius, etc., even these differences do not occur, and that the males and females have not been distinguished heretofore in consequence. HE POTATO BEB PLE; DORVYPHORA DECHMLINEATA, EATING THE EGGS OF ITS KIND. While ridding some early potatoes of beetles at Westbrook, Maine, in June, 1911, masses of their eggs were frequently noticed, which had part or all of their contents emptied, leaving the shrivelled coverings on the leaf. My curiosity was aroused, but was shortly to be satisfied. In the large tin pail into which the egg-bearing leaves and the beetles were thrown, one of the latter was noticed feasting upon the eggs. There was no mistake. With her mouth-parts upon an egg, and with jaws and antenne working, the egg was seen to collapse, and she moved to the next, with like result. During the next half-hour not less than a dozen were carefully observed feeding on the eggs in the pail. It may be of interest to remark that only females were observed to do thiss—ArtTHUR H. Norton, Museum of Natural History, Portland, Me. ERRATA.—-Page 356, explanation of fig. 23, line 1, for ‘‘b” and ‘“d” pead."e - dine-2. for to“ read, “band d=" line-3. for “‘d” reads*e-- - 385 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. FURTHER NOTES ON DIABROTICA. INO: Ce BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS. The paper on Part II of the genus Diabrotica, Trans. Ent. Soc., London, 1891, was blocked out by Mr. Baly, and on his death was finished and published by Mr. Gahan. Mr. Baly’s preliminary work was apparently only partially completed, as he omitted a considerable number of forms described by Mr. Jacoby, most of which were enumerated by Mr. Gahan in his subsequent paper published, 1.c., in November, 1891 ; five additional species described by Mr. Jacoby, P. Z. S. 1889, p. 281, seem to have escaped notice :— D. estabanensts Jac., San Estaban, near améitiosa Er. In addition to the type, I have a second specimen which was unnamed in the second Jacoby collection. D. varicornis Jac., San Estaban, near zzaegualis Baly. Besides the type, I have two examples from Paramba. D. obscuro-maculata Jac., Colonia-Tovar, near depressa Jac., from Mexico. D. nigrodorsata Jac., Coionia-Tovar, should be placed apparently in K sec. My specimen is 9. D. simplicipennis Jac., Carozal and Colonia-Tovar, should be placed near uniformis Jac., from Chiriqui. Over 500 forms are represented in my material. Their arrangement reveals many undescribed species, some of which have already been published. Those belonging to Baly’s Sec. II follow :— Dia, NOV. SP. Head and thorax dark chocolate black, mouth parts piceous, antennz black, piceous at base, joints g-10 flavous, thorax deeply foveate at the side and obsoletely behind, scutel and elytra dark chocolate brown, shining, finely and somewhat obsoletely punctate-striate, tricostate, and with a broad subsutural and lateral flavous stripe which unite at the shoulder and also at the apex ; body below brown, legs flavous, tibiz and tarsi stained with piceous. Length, 4 mm. Eight examples, Pachitea, Peru. General form elongate, slightly dilated behind, head with fine frontal carina, and fovea at the vertex, and some fine punctures at the sides, November, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 387 antenne about three-fourths the length of the body, joints 3-4 about equal, one-half longer than the second, the 4 lower joints flavous tinged with piceous, thorax elongate, shining, slightly sinuate behind, the side fovea are much more marked than the median, the elytra have three strongly marked longitudinal coste of which that in the third interval is the widest and extends from just below the base nearly to the apex, the other two are humeral and subhumeral, forming a deep plica, are almost carinal in form, and vanish at the convexity, the subsutural flavous stripe embraces the whole of the third interval costa, and a broad margin on either side, the fine punctuation shows its striation best by being observed at an angle in a strong light. The vicinity of the scutel is distinctly depressed, some examples have indications of other elytral costz, but the three above described are always the most prominent. Belongs to the division of separata Baly. D. carinipennis, nov. sp. Head black, mouth parts piceous, antenne black, more or less piceous at the base and with joints 9, ro, 11 flavous with extreme tip black, joints 3 and 4 equal, each almost twice as long as the second, thorax flavous, rufous yellow, broader than long, deeply excavate bifoveate, subangulate at the sides, elytra shining black, punctate striate, and tricostate the Jateral margin, except the base and a subsutural stripe flavous, body beneath flavous in front, black behind, legs flavous, tibize and tarsi black. Length, 4-44 mm. Three examples, Bolivia, green label (Chaco ?). Close to diviftu/a Kirsch., but the thorax is comparatively wider and more deeply foveate, the eighth joint of the antenne is black, the elytra seem more depressed, so that the two side costz, which are humeral and subhumeral, are very sharp and have the appearance of carine and foim a deep plica from just below the shoulder nearly to the convexity ; the third interval covered by the subsutural yellow stripe is strongly costate and thickened from just below the base nearly to the tip, as in b/vittu/a and its allies, but the flavous colour is more diffuse, especially at the middle half, in one example (J ?) the lower part of the face is flavous. D. granulipennis, nov. sp. Head shining black with a deep frontal fovea and a few gray hairs in front of the eyes, antenne black, piceous at joints, joints 3 and 4 equal, s 388 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. each about twice as long as 2. Thorax rufous yellow, deeply bifoveate and impressed in front of the scutel, sides strongly sinuate behind, scutel black, elytra maroon coloured, thickly, strongly and semi-corfluently punctate, obsoletely plicate, with the lateral margin and a subsutural stripe flavous ; this latter embraces two rather feebly raised smooth coste, of which the outer is the most prominent, body beneath dark, legs dark, with coxee and 2% of femora flavous. Length, 6 mm. Two examples, St. Catharine, Brazil; also 2 Amazon Valley, near Santarem. This species has much the general appearance of corrusca Har, or innuba Fabr., but the punctuation of the elytra is very different and the costa much less prominent. What I have above designated as the inner costa is scarcely deserving of the name, as it becomes very feeble posteriorly ; the reticulated effect which the punctures have in corrusca is wholly wanting here; the flavous vitte attain the base, but do not join there ; the subsutural stripe is quite distinctly limited at the sides, narrow and straight ; the epipleure: are flavous. D. vittula, nov. sp. Head rufous with a deep frontal fovea, and black vertex and labrum, antenree slender, black, piceous at base, 3 joint not as long as 4, both much longer than 2, thorax rufous, broader than long, bifoveate and broadly depressed transversely, sides nearly straight behind and broadly rounded to the front, scutel and elytra shining black, the latter finely punctate, very obsoletely striate, strongly plicate, a yellow vitta from the middle of the base, somewhat diagonally to near the apex, where it joins the lateral margin, which is also yellow, apex is black, body beneath flavous, anus dark, legs yellow, with apex of femora tibize and tarsi dark. Length, 34% mm. Four examples, Peru, green label (Callanga ?) Near dejeani Jac., and cerea Jac., from Central America, but a little larger ; the elytra are considerably dilated at the rear and quite broadly margined, the elytral and lateral vittae join at the base as well as at the apex and in only one example does the elytral stripe become obsolete at the convexity ; in one or two of the specimens the vitta is obsoletely sinuate at about the median third; the yellow stripe, when complete, leaves a black sutural vitta from base to apex, broadest in front. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 389 D. tucumanensis, NOv. sp. Head, antenne and thorax black, the latter shining, bifoveate with oblique depressions, scutel black, elytra black, shining, a common sutural vitta attaining the convexity, the lateral marginal almost to the apex and a humeral elongate spot not attaining the middle all flavous; beneath black, more or less testaceous ; legs testaceous with apex of femora, tibiz and tarsi black. Length, 4-414 mm. Type.—Prov. Tucuman Rep. Argentine, xti, 1889, C., Bruch. Two other examples from apparently same source. Easily distinguished by its long, narrow, parallel form, with the short elongate flavous streak back of shoulder. In the two co-types the thorax is infuscate at the middle and the sutural vitta is complete to the apex ; all have the elongate humeral streak well marked. D. Bruchit, nov. sp. Head black, mouth-parts piceous, antenne slender, black, reaching the posterior third of elytra, piceous at base ; joints 3—4 equal; thorax flavous, rufous, narrow, elongate, bifoveate, elytra slightly dilated behind, smooth, dull black, very finely punctulate striate (in the white vitte), the lateral margin and a straight median vitta, joined behind, white ; beneath and legs black, base of femora white. Length, 314-4 mm. — Type.—Rep. Argentine (Geb. formosa?) 1-1905, C,, Bruch, also Paraguay. Would be placed near granu/ata Jac., from Mexico. The smooth, dull black elytra easily distinguish this from all other vittate forms known to me; the Paraguay example does not differ materially from the type. (To be continued.) RECORDS OF BEES. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO. Osmtia hesperella Cockerell. Females were found nesting in a hole ina wall, in Boulder, Colorado, June. Specimens from the same place, and apparently the same nest or group of nests, vary in the colour of the ventral scopa, from light golden to a mixture of light golden and dark fuscous. The eyes in iife have the upper third and the hind margin dull sage green, the rest black. The varia- tion in the colour of the scopa led me to reconsider the insects separated as O. coloradella Ckll. and O. rama/leyi Ckll. According to previous observa- tions, true Aespere//a has the scopa white, rama/eyi has it orange, and November, 1911 a 390 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. coloradella has it black. In the type of Aespere//a, however, it is not a pure white, but has a pale golden tint ; while in co/oraded/a it is variably pallid or pale orange at the base and sides. ‘The differences described in the vena. tion between coloradella and hesperella also seem inconstant. I think, therefore, that all three constitute a single species, remarkable for the colour-variation in the ventral scopa. Anthophorula bruneri (Crawford). On Aug. 3, 1911, I found both sexes common at flowers of Hedzanthus lenticularis at Sterling, Colorado. The species is new to Colorado. The other bees taken at Sterling on the same day, all from the He/zunthus, are Melissodes obliqua Say, 9; M. aurigenia Cress., 3; Andrena heliantht Rob., 9; Lerdita albipennis Cress., 2; Augochlora coloradensis Titus, ¢; Halictus armaticeps Cress., 9; H. pruinostformts Crawf. ©. Neopasites robertsont Crawford. Prof. O. A. Stevens sends me many specimens, collected on flowers of Grindelia squarrosa at Agricultural College, North Dakota, Aug. 18 and 19. At the same time, and on the same flowers, he collected many Andrena hirticincta Prov., both sexes. The litter he has also taken at Meliotus alba. The Neopasites has hitherto been known only from Nebraska. Ceratina dupla halophila, n. subsp. @.—Length, about seven mm.; dark blue-green, with the usual white mark on clypeus. Differs from the usual form by the strongly infuscated wings and dark tarsi; the tegulz are shining black. C. swbmaritima Ckll. rarely has a small spot on the clypeus of the female, and then, because of the similarly dark wings, rather resembles the present insect; but in C, submaritima the tubercles are wholly dark, and the face is much less densely punctured. Hab.—Woods Hole, Mass., June (Cockere//). Other bees taken this year at Woods Hole are the following (those marked with an asterisk collected by Miss Eleth Cattell) : Sphecodes arvensts Patton; S. persimilis Lovell & CkIl. (both species of Sphecodes at umbelliferous flowers) ; Agapostemon radiatus Say; A. viridulus Fab.; Nomada articulata Smith; Augochlora confusa Rob.;* Xenoglossa pruinosa Say ;* Bombus fervidus Fabr.;* B. terricola Kirby ;* B. vagans Smith;* Afegachile campanule Rob.* (male, remarkable for the extremely THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 391 densely punctured mesothorax); AZ. brevis Say ;* Prosopis cressoni Ckll.;* P. modesta Say ;* Halictus armaticeps Cress.* (ordinary form, and also female with large head, apparently identical with cap/tosus Smith); Z, cortaceus Smith ; A. provancheri 1). T.;* H. cressontt Rob. At Bluff Point, Ram Island, I took Augochlora confusa. On the Island of Cuttyhunk, Mass., July 18, I took the following: Bombus americanorum Fabr.; B. separatus Cress.; Agapostemon viridulus Fabr. (larger than those from Woods Hole) ; Momada articulata Smith (one female, a variation with the anterior coxal spines reduced to mere minute rudiments). It is interesting to note that the Bombi flying on Cuttyhunk were different from those at Woods Hole. Megachile sapellonis Cockerell. The northward range of this fine species is considerably extended by a female which [ took at Tolland, Colorado, Aug. 23, at flowers of Carduus centauree Rydb. This was at the altitude of about 8,9co feet. Other interesting bees which may now be recorded from Tolland are: Osmza armaticeps Cress. (coll. W. P. Ckll.); O. bducephala Cress. (coll. W. W- Robbins) ; Ste/is montana Cress. (coll. W. P. CkIl.); Chelynia pulchra Crawf.; Coeltoxys moesta Cress. (coll. W. P. Ckll.); C. rzbzs CkIl. Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt, Dominion Entomologist, was married at Canning, N. S., on Wednesday, October 11th, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Frederick and Lady Borden. Dr. Hewitt’s numerous friends in Canada and elsewhere unite in heartiest congratulations and all good wishes for the happiness of himself-and his bride. THe ANNUAL MertinG of the Entomological Society of Ontario will be held at the Agricultural College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, November 23rd and 24th. All members and others interested ate cordially invited to attend. On the Thursday evening a lecture of a popular character on insects, in connection with the dissemination of disease, will be given by Dr. Riley, Associate Professor of Entomology at Cornell University. Any members proposing to read papers at the meeting are desired to send in the titles at their earliest convenience to the Secretary, Guelph, Ontario. 392 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. BOOK NOTICE. GUIDE TO THE INSECTS OF CONNECTICUT.—Prepared under the direction of William Everett Britton, Ph.D., State Entomologist and Entomolo- gist of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. Bulletin 16, Connecticut Geological and Natural History Survey. Part I, General Introduction, by W. E. Britton. Part II, The Euplexoptera and Orthoptera of Connecticut, by Benjamin Hovey Walden, B. Agr., Assistant in Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. This is the first of a series of papers on the insects of Connecticut, in which the authors “expect that the entire subject may ultimately be treated.” Part I, comprising the first thirty-eight pages of the report, is a very brief introduction to the study of insects, adapted to the non-entomolo- gical reader. Besides a general account of insects, their structure, habits, distribution, economic status, etc., a short bibliography is given of the more important works relating to North American Entomology, and a simple but practical key to the various orders. The arrangement of these in the list which follows is that of Comstock, modified in the Nenropteroid groups by Banks. A few statements are made that are not strictly accurate, e.g., that tracheal gills persist in the adults of some dragonflies and that the may- flies, which form a very large item in the food-supply of many of our food-fishes, are not important economically. Part II is an excellent guide to the Euplexoptera and Orthoptera of Connecticut, and contains useful analytical tables and descriptions of the various families, genera and species of these orders known to inhabit Connecticut or adjacent territory. 1o2 species are described, of which g2 are definitely recorded from within the limits of the State. The nomenclature followed is that which has been in general use for a number of years, and we are glad that the author has not chosen to adopt any of the recent changes through which old and familiar generic names, by a rigid adherence to the laws of priority, have been transferred to other genera, the result being a succession of confusing alterations involving not only generic but sub-family and even family names as well. The text-figures, of which there are sixty-six, are well chosen, and are, for the most part, copied from the works of Scudder and Morse. There are also eleven half-tone plates from photographs, the first five illustrating Part I and showing typical examples of the various orders and the early stages of a few forms, the remaining six illustrating fifty species of Connecticut Orthoptera and Euplexoptera. Mailed November 3rd, 1911. Chic anmatliay Bntomolagist VoL. XLII. LONDON, DECEMBER, rort. No. 12 FURTHER NOTES ON ALBERTA LEPIDOPTERA. BY F.. HH. WOLLEY DOD; MILEARVILLE, ALTA. (Continued from page 369.) 267. | Zuxoa nesilens Smith.—This appears to be merely a variation of tristicula Morr. (No. 275 of this list, q. v.)] 268. E. ochrogaster Guen.—In my former notes I tabulated the variations of this species under four headings : 1. Ground colour red. (Ochrogaster Guen.) 1a. Ground colour red, with black basal streak, claviform and discoidal cell. (Gz/aris Grt.) Hampson’s figure appears to be of the type of gudaris,a male from ‘U.S. A.,” though the figure is a little too dark. 2. Ground colour ochreous. This is the Agrotis insiguata described by Walker in his Catalogue, Vol. X, p. 330, 1856. Assuming that the type labels on the specimens in the British Museum are correct, this must not be confused with Agrotis insiguata described by Walker on page 353 of the same volume, which specimen he described again a year later as il/ata, the latter double type being a specimen of fesse//ata. The two insignata have not unnaturally been much confused in literature, and Grote claimed that Walker himself had identified Wadena suffusca Morr. with his z//ata, and that the description of z//ata, which I have not seen, might apply thereto. He often called the validity of Walker’s types in question, as well he might, knowing that author’s slipshod methods. Howsoever, the existing “type” of Agrotis insignata Walk., X, 330, 1856, is a badly rubbed, pale, washed out, reddish-ochreous female from Nova Scotia of the species at present under discussion, and is erroneously referred to by Hampson as a prior name to fp/euritica Grote, the type of which he figures under Walker’s name. Prof. Smith makes the correction in Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XV, 143, 1907. He states elsewhere that Morrison’s cinereomacu/a is the same form. 2a. Ground colour ochreous, with black markings present. (Zurrts Grt.) The type of ¢wr77s in the British Museum is a female from “U. S. s 394 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A.,” and my note on it is, ‘pale ochreous, black marked, slightly rufous- banded.” I have not yet seen any real intergrades between the forms above tabulated, though the species is often extremely common in the latter part of the summer, and the larva very destructive as a cutworm in this district. { have, however, no reason for doubting their unity. Grote twice published a translation of Guenée’s description of ochrogaster, and in Can. Ent., XXXIII, 178, points out that it does not seem quite to fit any form of the species we call by that name. Its author compares it with Voctua plecta. In addition to the discrepancies pointed out by Grote, I have never seen a red form which had a conspicuously paler collar, though I do not see why such a form might not occur. But if Guenée were really describing what we have been taught to believe, it seems strange that he should have omitted to mention one very striking difference between this form and A/ecfa, viz.: the colour of the secondaries, which in pZecfa are usually most conspicuously pearly-white. Sir George Hampson, however, lists a variety of Al/ecta from Sweden, anderssont Lampa, with fuscous secondaries, though Staudinger does not mention this character. Neither does Tutt in “British Noctuz and their Varieties,” ii, 126-7, or iv, 118. Guenée’s type is in Mr. Oberthur’s collection, I think, at Rennes. The species figured by Holland as ochrogaster 1s, as already mentioned, dec/avata Walk. 269. £. idahoensis Grt.—I have a Calgary specimen of the grayish form compared with the male type from Idaho in the British Museum. furtivus was described from three females from California. I saw types in the Brooklyn and Washington Museums. One at Brooklyn was labelled ‘Sierra Nevada.” But another type there, and one at Washington were, according to my notes, labelled ‘‘Colorado.” The locality is mentioned in Smith’s Catalogue, though my notes on types may err. The variation was from gray to red, but I thought that all were one species, and the same as ?dahoensis Grote. I think this is probably correct, but do not feel sufficiently sure about it to risk the reference definitely at present. If two species are involved, then the types of furtivus may be a mixture. I should not think so were it not that there appear to be two species at Calgary, as I still have two series as I originally diagnosed them, and they do not appear to overlap. In Vol. XXXVII, p. 146, bottom line, after “species,” insert “colour red-brown.” I may after all be wrong in thinking them distinct, or it may be that my No. 270 is undescribed. Hampson THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 395 figures the type of zdahoensis, but the ground colour is reproduced a little too red, and the costa not gray enough. His figure of furtivus is taken from a worn Colorado specimen, determined by Prof. Smith as such, and is almost certainly ¢dahoensis. The intervening figure of feména/is is much more like a small specimen of my No. 270. It is taken, however; from a specimen in Prof. Smith’s collection, where I saw it, besides others there and at Washington, and it appeared to be a species previously unknown to me. 271. #. nordica Smith.—The male type from Calgary is more uniformly gray than the majority of specimens. The female type is less gray. Both are at Washington. Some dark and strongly-marked speci- mens bear a distinct resemblance to dvergens, and have the pale median vein of that species, though less contrasting. Dvergens, however, usually differs in having the costal space more concolorous, but the subcostal vein pale as well as the median, the latter forming a pale V at its junction with vein 3. Thes. t. line also is more direct in divergens, with less tendency. to forma W. JVordica at Calgary sometimes has a very decided reddish tint throughout, and the resemblance then may be to my No. 270, which formerly passed as furtivus. LVordica occurs in Manitoba and Saskatchewan. It has been very common during some seasons near Calgary, and is, I think, to be met with every year. I have taken it *n some numbers on the Red Deer River, in the district now known as Dorothy. As I before pointed out, the record from “B. C.” under the description is erroneous, and the error is copied in Dr. Dyar’s and the B.C. lists. I have, however, seen a single speci- men, supposed to be of B.C. origin, a male, dated July rith, rg04, in Mr. A. H. Bush’s collection at Vancouver. The specimen was in perfect condition when I saw it, though Mr. Bush was not sure that he had not taken itina C. P. R. car. It is therefore possible that it may have been a traveller. It was erroneously labelled “/uztivus.” East of the Rockies, the form appears to intergrade with, and is not certainly distinct from tessellata and focinus (Nos. 263, 264, q. v.). Almost the only evidence I can secure in favour of its distinctness is the absence, with the one excep- tion above mentioned, of furtivus from a very large number of fesse//ata and focinus which I have seen from Kaslo, Vancouver, and Vancouver Island. There can be no doubt, however, that a certain variation of a species does not always occur throughout its entire range. I may mention here that a considerable number of the foctnus recorded by Dr. Dyar in 396 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. the Kootenai List seem to me unquestionably fesse//ata, as that species is known in the east. Acutifrons is not certainly distinct from nzordica. It was described from a male from California, now in the Washington collection, and a female from Oregon, now at Rutger’s College. The former is more like the ordinary form of zordica than the latter, from which Hampson’s figure of acutifrons was probably taken. Hus figure of wordica is poor, that of tslandica resembling some Calgary specimens very much more closely. The latter specimen is stated in the key to be of an Iceland specimen, but, comparing it with the British Museum series under that name, I found it to be much more like some labelled “ad vossica” from Uliassutai Mts., Mongolia. 272. £. divergens Walk.—The types of divergens and versipellis are in the British Museum, and are alike. The former is a male from Nova Scotia; the latter labelled merely ‘U.S.A.,” appears to be a male with female abdomen attached. The ordinary Calgary form is similar. Hampson’s figure is of type divergens. Factoris Smith, was described in 1900 from five females from Glenwood Springs, Colo. The type is in the Washington collection. Adar Strecker, was described the previous year from a single female from the same locality. I have seen the type of this in the Field Museum at Chicago, and consider the two names to refer to the same form, the latter of course having preference. It is by no means unlikely that the species is a somewhat obscure form of divergens. Ihave nothing compared with Smith’s or Strecker’s types, but at any rate divergens and abar must be closely associated. Fusimacula Smith, described in 189t from a single male from California, in which the reniform merges with the orbicular on the median vein, seems to differ from adar in that character only, which is very likely merely varietal. I have specimens which I call divergens from Calgary, Kaslo, Glenwood Springs, and Yellowstone Park, in which the reniform runs back, and, as is often the case with such abberations, not always evenly on both wings. 273. £. redimacula Morr.—The form cccurring here is that figured by Sir George Hampson from Colorado. Much the same form occurs in the East, and I have a male from New York differing chiefly only in being browner and less grey. Buta form occurring much more commonly in the East is more even in colour, has slightly larger and rounder dis- coidal spots,.more even s. t. line without the inward streaks, and paler, dark margined secondaries. So unfamiliar did the form seem to my eye, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 397 that I made sure it was a distinct species. Mr. Winn has taken both forms flying together at St. Hilaire, Quebec, and it was in his material that I first claimed to be able to recognize two species. The majority of the specimens which I saw subsequently in other Eastern collections were of the more even form, and the more I compared, the less able did I seem to draw any line between them. Still, I think the existence of two species quite possible. It would be best determined by breeding. If such is the case, which is Morrison’s species will have to be determined by comparison with the type in the Tepper collection at Maddison, Wisconsin, 275. £. tristicula Morr.—This species is correctly identified. The type is a male in the Brooklyn Museum. It bears no locality label, but I believe it was described from Maine. Hampson’s figure is from a coloured drawing of it. Vest/ens Smith (No. 267) is evidently a variation of it without the black collar, basal streak, and in the cell. A good picked series of about fifty from Alberta, Manitoba, and a few from Windermere, B.C., show every intergrade between the two. I have examined a very much greater number. In some specimens, the black is replaced by pale ochreous shading. In either form, the costa, median vein, and discoidal spots may be rather distinctly paler than the ground, or quite concolorous. But mesi/ens must sink as an exact synonym of remota Smith, female, described from the Sierra Nevada. Prof. Smith agrees with me in this reference. ‘There are two female types in the Henry Edwards collection in the New York Museum, from a figure of one of which Sir George Hampson’s has been copied. The shades in the figure are rather too contrasting. The specimens are exactly like some from Calgary. A male type of remota is in the Washington collection, and differs from any that I had previously noticed in having the space beyond the terminal line the darkest part of the wing, and lacking all trace of dark shade or dashes before it. I had previously seen a figure of this specimen in the British Museum collection, and expressed a very strong opinion as to its distinct- ness from the published figure. Examination of the actual specimen showed it to be also a trifle violaceous, and proportionately shorter winged than west/ens as I knew it, but on the whole much more like a small specimen of that than I had expected. I subsequently found a Calgary male wesz/ens in Dr. Barnes’ collection with the dark termen, and, accept- ing Prof. Smith’s view of the matter, have changed my opinion as to its probable distinctness. 398 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 276. Anytus obscurus Sm.—In my former notes I expressed my inability to distinguish this from profundus, described by the same author from Brandon, Man., on the lower half of the same page. Sir George Hampson, on the strength of one male from Brandon, and two from Calgary, separates them in the table: . . . ‘Fore wing with the dominant colour fuscous brown—profunda,” and ‘fore wing with the dominant colour black—odscura,” altering the gender of the specific name to concord with that of the genus. Prof. Smith publishes a paper on the genus in Psyche, XVII, 206-209, Oct., 1910, expressing his views as to their distinctness from each other and from przvatus, and publishing a plate showing figures of genitalia. He says: “‘Odscurus is really well named, and in the male differs obviously from profundus in a distinct brownish tinge, in the lack of contrasts, especially in the s. t. space, in the much more even, powdery suffusion over the whole wing, and in the lack of definition to the median lines.” He states that all the odscurus, and no profundus, were from Calgary. The decision was based on an exam- ination of 65 specimens of the two forms. ‘The colour differences are at variance with the separation attempted by Hampson, and with the original description, in which a “seal brown tinge” is ascribed to profundus, but brown not mentioned at all under odscurus. I have 45 specimens from Alberta and Manitoba at present under examination, and have at times studied hundreds more. As a rule, Alberta specimens are darker than those from Manitoba, but by no means constantly so. A brown color- ation is variable in either series, and I entirely fail to make a separation by this or any other character or combination of characters. The genitalic differences illustrated by Prof. Smith are, as he himself expresses it, “slight, and perhaps not important,” and I do not now, nor did I ever before, see any reason for believing in the existence of two species. The form will probably eventually prove to be merely a dark, though incon- stant variation of przvata Walk., described from New York, though I should be too arbitrary in making the reference definitely at present. Dr. Dyar, in the Kootenai List, unites the names odscurus and profundus as a dark variation of scu/pta (=privata), though as a matter of fact, of the three B. C. specimens there referred to, that from Sandon lacks tibial spines, and is not closely allied to these at all. 277. Fishia sp.—This species is not yosemite Grt., of which the type is a California female in the Henry Edwards collection, and which is a prior name to exfi/arata Smith, described from Pullman, Washington, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 399 and Glenwood Springs, Colorado. I have a specimen compared with the types of both names, and Prof. Smith agrees with me in the reference. Yosemite is grey, suffused with brown, and strigate with brown and black. No. 277 is usually blue grey, less strigate, and though occasion- ally tinged with brown throughout, lacks the brown strigations of the other species. It is the ‘‘yosemite” of Holland’s figure and stood under that name in the British Museum when I was there, though omitted by mistake from Vol. 1V of Hampson’s Catalogue. It is also the ‘‘yosemite”’ of Smith, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXIX, 201, 1903. The two are easily confused, though I believe distinct, and I have seen both from Manitoba and B. C., though as yet no yosemite from Alberta. I use a manuscript name for it in my own notes, but refrain from describing it until I learn more about some of the closely aliied species. /mstruta Smith, described from four males from De Claire, Man., (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XXXVI, 264, Nov. rgto), is evidently a very close relation at best. Another near ally which I feel very uncertain about is ezthea Grt. elicina Morr., under which name the above species formerly passed, was described from Waco, Texas. The type is stated to be at Cambridge, Mass. Prof. Smith states that it is an ally of durgess?. Sir George Hampson describes and figures a Texas female as Parastichtis relicina, thus referring it to a genus with unlashed eyes and unarmed tibie. /ishza has lashed eyes and mid and hind tibiz spined, though the spines vary greatly in number and position, being seldom equal on the same pair of legs, and possibly occasionally absent. (To be continued.) SOME FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIGHT-EMISSION OF AMERICAN LAMPYRIDA: THE PHOTOGENIC FUNCTION AS A MATING ADAPTATION PN, hb PEO TEN LN I. BY F. ALEX. MCDERMOTT, WASHINGTON, D. C. In 1910, the writer (CAN. ENT., rg10, Vol. 42, pp. 357-363) called at- tention to the fact that the female of Photinus pyradis Linn.—the species of Lampyrid that is very common within the city limits of Washington, D.C., had been seen to flash following the emission of light by a male flying above her, and also after the sudden flash of an electric light in the room in which the insects had been kept in the dark. Since these observa- tions were made it has been the writer’s view that the photogenic function was primarily a secondary sexual character in this species, and that further study would reveal this fact. Accordingly, during the present December, 1911 400 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. year, observations and experiments have been made which leave little doubt that in at least four species in two of the genera, Lecontea and - Photinus, grouped under E. Olivier’s sub-family Photinini, the photogenic function serves as a mating adaptation. The first observations were made upon Photinus pyralis. It was soon found to be easy to recognize the flash of a female in answer to that of a male flying above her, but it was not so readily determined that her answering flash had any effect upon the actions of the male. The flash of the female, while of the same colour as that of the male, is easily recog- nized after a little practice, being slower—or rather of longer duration— and less intense. Persistent watch, however, was rewarded by seeing the male drop, following the answering flash of the female, flash again and drop still lower after her second answer, alight a few inches away from her, crawl toward her slowly, flashing at intervals—to each of which flashes she responded—and finally locate and copulate with her. The complete mating process was not followed until after several failures, where the male, after dropping, would rise again, or would simply fail to locate the female definitely, and fly away ; but since being observed once, the same entire process has been witnessed a number of times, and under somewhat differing conditions. Apparently the males frequently locate the females by flashing before either has flown, since insects may be taken in copulation before the beginning of the period of flight in the evening. In fact, on one cool, damp evening, when but few insects flew, while the majority crawled to the tops of blades of grass and remained there, flashing at intervals, several instances were witnessed of this mating with- out flying. But the usual process appears to be as described first—the male flies over the tops of the grasses, weeds, etc., dropping down between them and flashing ; any females that come within the range of his flash, answer by their slower flash ; if the male sees this answering flash from one, he approaches her, flashes again, to which she answers, and he then finally locates her definitely by means of subsequent flashes. The answering flash of the female does not occur immediately after the flash of the male, but at a period—apparently approximately constant for all females of this species—of about three to four seconds after the flash of the male. This slight delay occurred in every normal case of mating observed with this species, pyradis. To test this matter further, and to see if the females were sensitive to flashes of light in the field, as had been observed in the laboratory, a number of safety matches were ignited at irregular intervals, above an THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 401 area of field where there were known to be a number of females of - pyradlis, the match, during the flare of the chemical “head,” being swung in an arc in imitation of the dipping flight and flash of the male pyraizs, and being extinguished as soon as the head burned out. /n each instance the flash of light from the match was followed, within two to five seconds, by the flashes of females of pyralis in the surrounding grass and weeds. Most of them flashed at the end of about four seconds. They did not flash in the intervals between the lighting of matches, except in response to the flash of a passing male, and in no case did any number answer a male, as they did to a match. By the use of a small electric bulb, connected to a battery and push- button a few feet away, it was found quite as easy to deceive the male pyralis; the bulb is placed so that most of the light is thrown downward by the back of the lamp, and the circuit kept open until a male flashes within about two or three feet of the lamp. ‘Then after a pause of three to five seconds, the circuit is closed through the push- button, so as to imitate as nearly as possible the answering flash of the female. If the male is in a position to see the light of-the bulb, he will almost invariably drop, and repeating the process will bring him up to the bulb ; usually he will crawl around and over it excitedly, for a few minutes, and then fly away. Sometimes males would crawl up grass- stems above the bulb, and apparently looking over the edge of the blade, hold perfectly still for a moment, and then flash; the instant the bulb was flashed in answer they would commence to wave their antenne rapidly, and crawl quickly down the blade and _ toward the bulb. Early in the flying period of an evening, as many as a dozen males have been thus attracted in a few moments. Flashing the electric light bulb immediately after the flash of the male, without the pause of a few seconds, was observed to be less effective in attracting them, though some would still come to the bulb when operated . thus. The same apparatus may be used to excite the answering flash of the females, when the bulb is waved in an arc during the closing of the circuit. One or two facts regarding this species—and to some extent they apply to many other Lampyrids—are of interest in this connection. The light of the males in flight is directed by the position during flight and by the reflecting layer of the photogenic organ, for the most part forward and downward ; the eyes of the male are much larger than those of the female ; the flash of the female is of such a character, and the organ so - 402 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. placed, as to give the male a brief silhouette of the female as she rests on a blade of grass or a leaf. During and immediately after copulation, the females of pyra/is will not respond to the flash of a passing male, or to the flare of a match. A few females will be found that will not respond to a match ; these are probably those that are completely impregnated ; some, although appar- ently fresh, will respond only feebly, or irregularly ; occasionally males will be found that will flash in response to the light of a match, though only rarely. No definite instance has been observed of a flying male mistaking the flash of a creeping male for that of a female, and dropping to it. Observations on a single female of Ayra/7s, which it has regrettably been impossible as yet to confirm by further trial, showed that she would not respond to the flash of a female Photuris pennsylvanica Deg., made to flash above her, nor to a male of Photinus consanguineus Lec., although the same female readily responded to a match. In copulation, the female raises the tip of her abdomen toward the male, the latter being mounted upon her back in such a position that the end of his abdomen is slightly farther back than hers. The insects remain coupled for anywhere from half a minute to several hours. One female has been noticed in captivity to couple with several males successively, but a similar observation in the field has not been made. The males certainly do not die within a week after copulation, though definite evidence that they mate a second time, or more often, has not been obtained. For the most part the observations recorded above for Photius pyralis have been exactly repeated for Photinus consanguineus and for Photinus scintillans Say. In each of these species the male has been seen to flash above a patch of grass, the female flash her answer from her resting place in the grass, the male drop, locate her through subsequent flashes, and finally couple. There are slight differences of application, due to the fact that the female of sczvt¢i//ans is apterous, while the female of consanguineus is, if anything, more active than that of pyradis, being noticed several times in the lower branches of small trees. Another difference is that the female of consanguineus will practically never answer the flare of a match by flashing, and the female of scénti//ans will do so but rarely. It will be remembered that the characteristic flash of the male consanguineus is two sharp fulminations, separated by a slight interval, while that of scéwt://ans is very much shorter and sharper than that of pyradis, and also rather more orange; neither of these flashes can THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 403 be successfully imitated with a match. With an electric flash-light, how- ever, it was found very easy to excite the answering flash from the female scinti/lans ; equally good results were not obtained with the female con- sanguineus, however ; the latter would answer the double flash of the electric light while some twenty or thirty feet away, but upon close approach they seemed to recognize the difference, and ceased to answer: The females of both these latter species answer the male’s flash much sooner than does pyra/is—usually within one second from the flash of the male. The flash of the female comsanguineus is much like that of the female pyrad/is, being a single slow flash ; the flash of the female scentz//ans is also a single slow flash, but is shorter than that of pyradzs or con- sanguineus, though perceptibly of longer duration than that of male scintillans. Scintillans female responds to the flash of male consanguineus, flying above her, but the latter appears to pay no attention to her; she responds after the frst flasli of the consanguineus ¢ , while consanguineus & does not respond until after the second flash of her mate. Although no definite experiments have been performed, it must be remarked here that neither consanguineus 2 nor scintillans 9 has been observed to respond to the flash of Poturis, although the latter insect has been observed a number of times to flash while over regions where the two former females were known to be. Very similar observations were made upon Lecontea lucifera Melsh., the greenish, twinkling light of the male flying over the grass being answered by the slow single glow of the female clinging to the grass be- neath. Only rarely were the males observed to drop, and actual mating was not witnessed, but from the fact of the female’s answering flash, there remains but little doubt as to the nature of the process. Unfortunately the season of maximum prevalence of this species here was over before tests were made as to their sensitiveness to other lights than that of the male insect, so nothing can be said on this point. Although a quite close watch has been kept on Photuris pennsylvanica Deg. for a considerable number of nights, nothing definite can be said as to the possible relation of its light emission to its reproductive life. A large number of these insects fly about in the trees and bushes, emitting their light in the various ways that have been described for it, and yet apparently paying no attention to each other. Dr. W. W. Coblentz informed the writer that the larger number of this species that he caught were females ; this is certainly not the usual case with the other species mentioned, or with Lampyrids generally. In this species both sexes are - 404 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. about equally active, and powerful flyers ; the male has slightly the larger luminous apparatus of the two, and somewhat larger eyes. No connection between the different modes of light-emission of this species and the two sexes could be made out. Two random observations: Those males of Photinus pyralts which seemed strongest and most active, were frequently noticed to have the ventral surface of the luminous segments of a pale salmon-pink colour, instead of the usual sulphur-yellow ; the assumption is that these were newly-emerged insects, and that this salmon-pink is the initial colour of the photogenic organ, and that after use the usual sulphur-yellow colour appears. The colour of the light appears to be exactly like that of the insects with the yellow surfaces to these segments. Whether this change denotes a using-up of the photogenic material is an interesting problem, but one that would be difficult to solve. Second: One specimen of Photinus scintillans 9 was observed in which the rudimentary elytra were at least one-half longer, proportionately, than is usual in this insect, per- haps representing a tendency to a dimorphic female in this species. It may be objected that the proof submitted here is not sufficiently convincing as to the primarily sexual relation of the photogenic function. Perhaps it is not; there are various hypothetical questions that might be raised regarding it. But the writer believes that if anyone will take the trouble to observe some of these three species, or any of their near rela- tives, they will doubtless come to the same ultimate conclusion—that the light, as actually used by the insects, is primarily for the purpose of sexual attraction, and that the reproduction and continuance of the species de- pends upon it. A brief review of what literature there is on this subject may be of some interest here. There has been considerable difference of opinion in times past as to the precise purpose of the luminosity of the Lampyridz, some holding it to be a secondary sexual character, others claiming that it is purely defen- sive in nature. and still others declaring that neither of these explanations satisfied the conditions, and that the luminosity plays some part in the life of the insects of which we had no knowledge. ‘There seems to have been really surprizingly little actual observation one way or the other. A diligent search-of the references given in the ‘‘Zoological Record” since its founda- tion yielded -but few papers dealing with this question—itself obviously one of fundamental biologic importance—and those found for the most THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 405 part were purely speculative. Jenner, in his note on Phosphenus hemipterus Fourcroy (Entomologist, 1883, Vol. 16, p. 216), regards the photogenic function in this insect as purely protective, and although there have been a number of papers published on this odd little Lampyrid, nothing very definite seems to have been adduced as to the usefulness of its luminosity. Incidentally, the observation cited by Planet (Le Naturaliste, 1908, Vol. 31, p. 200), of the finding of a Phosphenus 2 in copula with a small specimen of Lampyris noctiluca g is of considerable interest in this connection. Emery’s observations on Luciola ittalica Linn. (Bull. Soc. Entomol. Ital , 1887, 18, p. 406; Stett. Entomol. Ztg., 1887, Vol. 48, pp. 201-206), certainly seem to support the view taken by this author of the sexual character of the photogenic function in this species. The relation between the photogenicity and the sexual life in Lampyrts noctiluca Linn. seems to have been recognized for over a century, since Spallanzani (Chimico eSame..-.- - sopra la luce del fosforo, etc., Modena, 1796, p. 129), records it apparently as a matter of general knowledge that if a “‘luccio- lone” were exposed by night, a winged “lucciole” would come to and couple with it. (‘Lucciolone” is a popular word signifying the glow- worm, or female of Zampyris noctiluca, while the word ‘“‘lucciole” is usually applied to either sex of Zucio/a ttalica, though in this connection it evidently refers to the male of the Lampyris noctiluca). ‘The same observation was repeated by Phipson (Phosphorescence, London, 1868, p. 142). Quite recently Folsom (Entomology, with reference to its bio- logic and economic aspects ; Philadelphia, 1906, p. 132), has stated that he regards the photogenic function in Photimus as a sexual character. Gorham’s paper on the “Structure of the Lampyride with reference to their phosphorescence” (Trans. Entomol. Soc,.Lon., 1880, pp. 63-67), although mainly speculative, is of interest and importance in this connec- tion. Under the head of ‘“Biologische (okologische) Bedeutung der Lichtproduktion,” Mangold, in his monograph ‘‘Die Produktion von Licht” (Hans Winterstein’s Handbuch der vergleichenden Physiologie, Vol. III, 2nd Half, pp. 326-332; Jena, tgto), has given a very extensive review of the present status of our knowledge of the usefulness of the photogenic function in luminous organisms in general. There are but few references in the literature to the attraction of Lampyride to artificial lights. Lord Avesbury (The Origin and Meta- morphoses of Insects, London, 1873, p. 17), notes that the male of Lampyris noctiluca will occasionally fly into rooms, attracted by light, which it apparently mistakes for that of its mate. - 406 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Dr. E.. J. Lund (Johns Hopkins University Circular, 1911, NS, No. 2, pp. 10-14), has observed that of the Lampyrids of Jamaica, only Photinus pallens Browne showed any decided positive reaction to light stimull, and in this case the reaction was very slight, whereas the Elaterid fire-fly of the same island, Pyrophorus plagiophthalmus Germar, was strongly attracted to light. In the writer’s experience, a single specimen of the male of Lecontea lucifera has been observed to exhibit attraction toward light, but the species of Photimus seem, for the most part, to be quite devoid of this property. Both the males and females of Photuris pennsylvanica have, however, been known to come to light, and several instances of this have come under the writer’s observation. Since the foregoing paper was written, Mr. Frederick Knab, of the U.S. National Museum, has called the writer’s attention to a brief note by Osten-Sacken (Die Amerikanischen Leuchtkafer, Stett. Entomol. Zeitg., 1861, Vol. 22, pp. 54-55), in which are recorded observations upon Lhotinus pyralis, made here in Washington, and which are practically iden- tical with those given herein for the normal conduct of this insect. Hence the writer’s observations on fyvadis can be considered only as confirmation of the earlier observations of Osten-Sacken ; in view of the fact, however, that Osten-Sacken’s paper appears to be very little known, and has been overlooked by the majority of those who have contributed to this subject, it seems justifiable to leave the paper in its present form, making this acknowledgment of the previous work. The assistance and criticism of Mr. H.S. Barber, of the National Museum, is also acknowledged with pleasure. SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY. The Second International Congress of Entomology will be held at Oxford, England, from August 12th to 17th, 1912. Further particulars will be announced shortly. The Executive Committee proposes to find for members of the Con- gress lodgings in the town, or rooms in one or more of the colleges at a moderate charge ; rooms in the college will be available only for men. The Executive Committee invites an early provisional notice of intention to join the Congress, in order to be able to make the arrange- ments for the necessary accommodation. The proceedings of the First Congress are in the press, and will be published shortly. All communications should be addressed to the General Secretary of the Executive Committee, Malcolm Burr, care of the Entomological Society of London, 11 Chandos St., Cavendish Square, London, W., England. HENRY SKINNER, Member Permanent Exec. Committee representing America. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 407 MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON THE HYMENOPTERA CHAL- CIDOIDEA : THE GENUS ARTHROLYTUS THOMSON ; HORISMENUS MICROGASTER ASHMEAD. BY A. ARSENE GIRAULT, BRISBANE, AUSTRALIA. (Continued from page 377.) Family Eulophide. Subfamily Entedonine. Tribe Entedonini. Genus Horismenus Walker. 1. Horismenus microzaster (Ashmead). Flolcopelte microgaster Ashmead, CaNApDIAN ENT., 1888, XX, p. 102, Idem, —De Dalla Torre, 1898, p. 28. Florismenus microgaster (Ashmead).—Schmiedeknecht, 1909, p. 433. Pediobioidea cyimea Girault MS.—Webster, 1909, pp. 207, 209-210. Unfortunately, I identified this species recently (Webster, l.c.) as a new genus and species, giving it the MS. name Pedvobtoidea cyanea. However, the mistake was discovered before publication of the descrip- tion, so that the name is a women nudum. ‘The species is poorly described, so that I redescribe it herewith and designate a type from the original specimen. Normal position. J/7a/e. — Head triangular (cephalic aspect), slightly wider than long and wider than the thorax, the face reticulated, impressed along each side of the meson (the _ scrobes), the malar space large, smooth. Eyes oval, on the lateral aspect ; ocelli in a triangle on the vertex, the lateral ones about their width from the eye-margin and near to the rounded or obtuse occipital margin; head (dorsal aspect) about 2% times wider than long ; antenne inserted below the middle of the face, but above (dorsad) of an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of the eyes, rather short, in both sexes 8 jointed, with a ring-joint, the club single and acuminate at extremity. the funicle 4-jointed, the apical three joints moniliform, and the flagellum (excluding pedicel) clothed with rather long, soft, dense, whitish hairs. Head, pronotum and dorsum of the mesothorax delicately, squamosely reticulated, the metathorax glabrous and prolonged caudad into a short truncate neck (dorsal, lateral aspects) ; metathoracic spiracle minute, margined and oval. Abdomen distinctly petiolate, smooth, oval, the second segment occupying most of the dorsal surface, the others December. 9111 - a 408 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. retracted into it; abdomen about as long as the length of the thorax. Parapsidal furrows incomplete, but distinct caudad, leading from a point just cephalad of the cephalo-mesal angle of the axillae and distinct for a third the length of the mesoscutum, narrow, like the median furrow of the scutellum. Scutellum with a distinct median and a lateral longitudinal furrow, the latter complete and punctate for its entire length (see female) ; caudal margin of the mesoscutum, between the axille, slightly emarginate, just on each side of the meson; otherwise that portion of it is straight. Postscutellum rugose basally, triangularly peltate ; median line of the metanotum smooth and broad, differentiated, oval. Ring-joint present, very shallow, in effect a broad median carina bordered by a sulcus on each side. Legs normal, coxze enlarged, somewhat globular, the tarsi 4-jointed. Wings hyaline, densely, shortly ciliate distally, the marginal cilia moderate, short, the stigmal vein distinct, but very short, subsessile, as is also the postmargina! vein, both subequal and about a sixth or seventh of the length of the marginal vein, which in turn is about one-third longer than the submarginal vein, Mandibles acutely bidentate, the inner or mesal tooth slightly shorter, and with its apical margin serrate at its middle. Body small and delicate, metallic. From 6 specimens, 23-inch objective, 2-inch optic. Bausch and Lomb. Female.—As the male. Head densely, minutely reticulated on the face, laterad of the scrobes and also on the vertex and occiput, finely, minutely, longitudinally rugulose just beneath the eyes, the malar space or genze smooth, the eyes shorter, more rounded and more convex ; antenne inserted slightly below (ventrad of) an imaginary line drawn between the ventral ends of the eyes, without a ring-joint, but the club 2-jointed, the apical joint small and conical, the funicle 3-jointed, its joints subpedun- culate ; the flagellum somewhat less hairy than in the male. Petiole of abdomen stouter and less conspicuous, but distinct. Axille widely separated. ‘The lateral longitudinal furrow of the scutellum complete and uniform, not evanescent caudad, and continued caudo-mesad in a curved line to the base or origin of the median turrow (caudal end), and consist- ing of shallow oval punctures ; the median grooved line narrow. Abdomen long, pointed, conic-ovate, but very slightly produced convexly ventrad, and inclined dorsad frorn its insertion (dead specimen), hiding the petiole somewhat, the second (first body) segment very long, somewhat over a half the length of the abdomen (excluding the petiole), and hence longer THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 409 than the combined lengths of the following segments ; segments 3 and 4 subequal ; segments 5 and 6 subequal and about one-half longer than 3 or 4; segment 7 apparently twicé, or nearly, the length of 5 or 6, narrow- ing caudad, and the 8th segment much narrower, conic, but nearly as long as segment 7 ; abdomen longer than head and thorax combined, but not much longer ; sheaths of the ovipositor not exserted or prominent. Body moderately stout, the thorax long, abdomen stout and pointed ; metallic. Metanotum smooth, the median line as in the male, on each side of it a longitudinal roughened impression, and a deep reticulated impression running cephalo-laterad from the side of the neck, along the margin to about a point near the insertion of the caudal coxe. Meso-pleura smooth, excepting those of the mesoscutum and prothorax. Base of the meso- postscutellum impressed and rugose, the scierite peltate, its cephalic margin straight, the lateral margins obliqued caudo-mesad, margined, shining, acute at the meson. Caudal coxe twice the size of the inter- mediate ones. Tarsi 4-jointed, the apical joints long. Ovipositor not exserted. Fematve.—Length, 1.56 mm. General colour metallic dark cyaneous (dark indigo, or Fiench, blue), the abdomen darker, with a brassy sheen and purplish reflections ; eyes purple-lake, clothed with short stiff hairs, the ocelli ruby-red ; knees, tibice and tarsi white, with the exception of some brownish on the outer (dorsal) aspect of the tibiz near the base and the brownish-black apical tarsal joints; trochanters pallid; tegule concolorous. Wings hyaline, the venation pallid-yellow ; antenne shining black, metallic bluish-black in bright lights. Sculpture of the mesoscutellum jess dense than that of the meso- scutum and different in appearance, but of the same general character ; coxe glabrous, brilliantly polished. Petiole, or first abdominal segment, concolorous with the abdomen, rugose, as long as the caudal coxe, cylindrical and moderately stout ; discal cilia of fore wings, proximad, moderately long, longer than those apicad, the apex of the wing broadly, oblato-convexly rounded ; lateral ocelli farther apart than each is from the cephalic ocellus ; mesoscutum and the caudal margin of the pronotum with several long, slender, stiff, white hairs, one of which arises from a setigerous puncture near the base of the incomplete parapsidal furrows ; head with similar, but much shorter and more numerous, hairs, and the scutellum with several of the long ones, one arising from the lateral - 410 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. grooved line, caudad; stigmal vein with a nipple-like projection just before the apex (=uncus). , Scape of the antennze about as long as the combined length of the pedicel and the two following joints, slightly dilated ventrad at its middle, cylindrical ; pedicel obconical, about three-fourths the length of the first funicle joint and not as wide ; joint r of funicle rectangular, narrower, but one-fourth longer than funicle joint 2, which is about equal in length to the pedicel and subquadrate, but longer than wide and somewhat larger than funicle joint 3; the latter shorter and quadrate, distinctly smaller than the basal club joint, its peduncle subobsolete ; funicle joints 1 and 2 with a short stout peduncle on one side of the apex, the opposite apical margin inclining obliquely to it; club about as long as the pedicel and second funicle joint united, about, or less than, half the length of the funicle, the proximal joint subequal to funicle joint 1, more than twice the size of the apical joint, which is smaller than the pedicel and regularly conical and acute at apex. Antenne hispid-pubescent with white hairs, which arise from tuberculate spots, making the funicular and club joints’ rough. Antenne cylindrical. Frem one specimen, %-inch objective, 2-inch optic. Bausca and Lomb. Male.— Length, 1.20 mm. The same. Body less robust, smaller, the abdomen regularly ovate, the second abdominal segment large, as in the female, and widest, the others some- what retracted into it ; genitalia exserted in death, the body of the abdo- men not as long as the thorax, about as long when including the petiole ; the latter slenderer and more distinct, its sculpture slightly more delicate. Eyes slightly larger, the cheeks, therefore, not as long as in the female. Pubescence of funicle and club more pilose in appearance, softer. The antennee differ as described in foregoing ; scape slightly shorter, not quite equal to the combined lengths of the three following joints ; pedicel about the same ; first funicle joint and the club longest of the flagellum, subequal, the club larger, a third longer than joints 2, 3 and 4 of the funicle, all of which are subequal and quadrate ; the second funicle joint a little irregular ; peduncles of the funicle joints about as in the female, but that of the 4th joint longer in the male than that of the 3rd funicle joint in the female and more mesad ; club joint ending in an acute spine-like projection ; club equal to less than a half of the length of the funicle. Antenne filiform as a whole. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 411 From six specimens, 24-inch objective, 2-inch optic. Bausch and Lomb. Redescribed from six male and one female specimens, tag-mounted, received for identification from Mr. R. L. Webster, Iowa State Agricul- tural Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa, the specimens bearing the following labels: “Exp. 205, 2 August, 1908,” 2 males; ‘‘Exp. 217, 2 and 3 August, £oGe,. 2) males 2" xp..322. 11: Nov., 1908,” 1. female; and “Exp. 323) 17 and 19 Nov., 1908,” 2 males. Reared from the larve of the Yellow- head Cranberry worm (A/ceris) Peronea minuta (Robinson), but the degree of the parasitism is most probably secondary, the host of the parasite being Climocentrus americanus Weed. ffabitat.—Missouri (St. Louis) ; lowa (Des Moines and Shenandoah) ; Illinois (Normal, Champaign). : Type.—Type No. 72,205, United States National Museum, Washing- ton, D, C., one male, tag-mounted (Missouri, the original specimen). This species is evidently a secondary parasite ; in the collections of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History are specimens reared from the larva of Canarsia hammond: Riley at Champaign, Ill., July ro and 14, 1895, W. G. Johnson (accession Nos. 21,376 and 21,377); also specimens recorded as a secondary parasite of the same host, the same locality, September 6, 1894 (Nos. 21,031 ; 21,032). Literature Referred To. 1836. Walker, Francis.—Ent. Mag., London, III, p. rgt. 1878. Thomson, C. G.—Hymenoptera Scandinavie, Lunde, V. 1856. Fitch, Asa.—The Lackey-moth Cleonymus (C. c/istocamp@). First and second report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of New York, made to, efc., Albany, 2nd report, pp. 199-200. Description of Déipochys boucheanus (Ratzburg) as Cleonymus clistocampa, N. sp. 1871. Riley, Charles Valentine.—Third annual report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the State of Missouri, made to the, efc., Jefferson City, p. 120. 1882. Moller, Gustaf Fredrik.—Novee Hymenopterorum species descripte. Entomologisk Tidskrift pa, efc., Stockholm, tredje argangen (III), p. 180. 1883. Sandahl, Oskar Theodor.—Ibid., fjarde argangen (IV), 124, 223- s 412, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 1886. Howard, Leland Ossian.—A generic synopsis of the hymenop- terous family Chalcididz (continued). Entomologica americana, Brook- lyn, II, pp. 38,97. 1887. Cresson, Ezra Townsend.—Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hymenoptera of America, north of Mexico, together with a catalogue of the described species and bibliography. Transactions, American Ento- mological Society, Philadelphia, supplementary volume, 1887, pp. 77, 138. 1893. Ashmead, William Harris.—Bull. Nos. 3, 1, technical series, Ohio Agric. Exp. Station, Norwalk, Ohio, p. 162. Original description of Arthrolytus apatele Ashmead. 1894. Webster, Francis Marion.—Notes on some species of Ohio Hymenoptera and Diptera heretofore undescribed. Bull. Nos. 3, 1, technical series, Ohio Agric. Exp. Station, Norwalk, Ohio, p. 158. Arthrolytus apatele. I found, on September 1toth, a specimen of this species under the body host, which had in this case evidently been killed by Rhogas inter- medius Cress. It does not appear to be abundant. 1894. Ashmead, William Harris.—Descriptions of new parasitic Hymenoptera. Trans. American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, XXI. 1897. Howard, Leland Ossian.—A study in insect parasitism, efc. Bull. No. 5, technical series, Division of Entomology, U. S. Dep. Agric., Washington, DC ps6: 1898. De Dalla Torre, Carl G.—Catalogus hymenopterorum hujusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus, Lipsiv, p. 155. Arthrolytus: albiscapus, apatele, pimple, punctatus, puncticollis and rugifrons. 1903. Fiske, William F.—A study of the parasites of the American Tent Caterpillar. Technical Bull. No. 6, New Hampshire College Agric. Exp. Station, Durham, pp. 224-225. 1904. Ashmead, William Harris.—Classification of the Chalcid Flies or the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with, efc. Memoir of the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh, I, No. 4 (Publications of the Carnegie Museum, serial No. 21), pp. 320,422; 367; 1906. Nason, William A.—Parasitic hymenoptera of Algonquin, Illinois, LV. Entomological News, Philadelphia, XVII, p. 153. 1907. Mesi, Luigii—Contribuzioni alia conoscenza dei calcididi Italiani, Portici (Estratto dal Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 413 generale e agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’ Agricoltura di Portici, I, 29 Novembre, 1907), pp. 252-254, figs. 13, 14A, B, 15, 16. 1907. Schmiedeknecht, Otto.—Die Hymenopteren Mitteleuropas nach ihren, efc., Jena. 1909. Idem.—Genera insectorum (dirigés par P. Wytsman), Bruxelles, 97 me fascicule. 1909. Webster, R. L.—Bull. No. 102, Experiment Station, Iowa State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, Ames, pp. 208-209. NOTES ON TWO CONOCEPHALIDS. BY WM. T. DAVIS, NEW BRIGHTON, STATEN ISLAND, NEW YORK. The grasshopper, Conocephalus caudellianus, was described in the CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for August, 1905, from several males found at Lakehurst, N. J., in Sept., 1903. Since that time additional specimens have been collected in New Jerséy at Lakehurst, Tuckerton and James- burg. We, however, failed to find any females on these occasions, and it was not until August, rgro, while at Cold Springs, Cape May Co., N. J., that two female caude//ianus were found in the meadow along Bradley’s Run. The ovipositor is 33 mm. in length, and comes even with the end of the elytra. The hind femora are 28 mm. long. The fastigium in shape and markings is like that of the males described as above cited. The caudellianus found at Tuckerton in September, 1907, were in a rather dry field, and some of them, when disturbed, flew away to long distances. [Two flew several hundred feet and lit in cedar trees that bordered the field. This is an unusual proceeding, for they generally seek safety by dropping to the ground and hiding among the thick vegetation. In the Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, Vol. XII, p. 121, 1910, Mr. H. A. Allard compares the stridulations of Conocephalus exiliscanoris Davis and C. bruneri Blatchley. Since de- scribing exz//scanorts in 1886, I have collected a great many specimens, and find that the song varies considerably in loudness, according to the age of the singer. Its volume is also dependent on temperature to some extent. Furthermore, the insect gradually decreases in size as one travels north, those from Cape May Co., N. J., being much larger than Long Island specimens. From these facts I am inclined to think that druneri is a synonym of exz/tscanoris, as has been suggested. - 414 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. A NEW SPECIES OF DEROSTENUS (CHALCIDOIDEA). BY C. R. CROSBY, ITHACA, N. Y. Derostenus salutaris, new species.—Male. Length, 1.5mm. Head, thorax and abdomen bright metallic green, the last darker and bluish in certain lights. Head viewed from above strongly convergent behind the eyes and strongly concave posteriorly ; the occiput bounded by a distinct ridge bearing a row of blackish hairs. Viewed from in front the inner margin of the eyes sinuate. Antenne inserted near the mouth and separated by a distinct median carina. Head finely shingled and clothed with sparse, short, dark-coloured hairs. yes finely pubescent. Thorax more distinctly shingled and clothed with a few rather long brownish hairs. Propodeum with a median carina and a transverse carina before the apex ; no lateral carine present. Antenne dark, nearly black ; scape white ; ring-joint distinct ; funicle of three nearly equal segments ; club ovate, of three closely united seg- ments, the last small and style-like; flagellum filiform. Legs white ; coxze metallic green. Wings hyaline; postmarginal vein about as long as the stigmal. Petiole of abdomen a little longer than hind coxz, finely and densely punctate. Abdomen viewed from above nearly circular, smooth and flattened. The first segment behind petiole about one-third the length of abdomen, the others subequal. Described from two ff specimens reared 2nd June, 1o11, from cocoons of the plum leaf-miner (/Vepticula slingerlandella Kearfott), from Rochester, N. Y. The larva is 1.4 mm. long, smooth, whitish in colour, and rounded at both ends. The mandibles are very small and inconspicuous. Mr. Heath’s note on verity protodice, in the September number (p. 327), records just such an experience as I myself had this summer. On July 25, while hunting in my own grounds, I perceived a white butter- fly which seemed to=be different from the cabbage butterflies that were flying about. I netted it, and found it to be P. protodice—the first I had ever seen in this neighbourhood, where I have been collecting since 1907. On Aug. 21, in some pasture-fields near this town, I found numbers ci protodice mingling with the crowds of rage. I at once captured two, male and female, and could have taken a dozen with ease.—FRANK M, Gipson, Pu.D., Westminster, Maryland, 12th September, rgrt. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, 415 FURTHER NOTES ON DIABROTICA. IN Gc DE: BY FRED. C. BOWDITCH, BROOKLINE, MASS. D. alternata, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt). Head and middle joints of antenne black, thorax flavous, transverse, constricted behind, and bifoveate, scutel black, elytra bright bluish green, transversely, rugosely, coarsely punctate with about five elevated coste, lateral margin and apex flavous, beneath and legs flavous, tibiz and tarsi fuscous. Z with a hollow and protuberance near the sutural apex. Length, 6 mm. Callgnga. Peru, 26, 125 72r Very near viridipennis Jac. (type in my collection). The main dif- ference aside from a little brighter colour, is the wholly black head in the ¢. The species has been distributed with the manuscript name alternata Jac. of the pair sent to me as co-types by Messrs. Staudinger & Bang-Haas, the @ seems to be probably a different species, the lower part of the face being yellow, the antennz wholly fuscous testaceous and parts of the body beneath black. Head smooth, with a fovea, palpi flavous, antennze more than half the length of the body, black, first joint testaceous, znd testaceous below, 8-9 and part of to flavous, thorax transverse very narrow, moderately coarsely punctate (like vzr7dipennis, though Mr. Jacoby’s description says the reverse), elytra moderately widened behind with about 5 distinctly elevated cost which vanish at or before reaching the testaceous tip, which is broad with a deep sutural excavation similar to that of other species of this group (C. Baly’s paper). The legs are fuscous on the upper outsides. D. nigrotibialis, nov. sp. (Jac. in litt). Head black, mouth parts yellow, antennz black with last three joints pallid, thorax transverse, flavous, deeply depressed, trifoveate, the depres- sion more cr less piceous, scutel smooth black, elytra black, elongate, nearly parallel, thickly, coarsely, corrugately punctate, black, the lateral margin narrowly flavous, the ¢ with cariniform process on the con- vexity near the suture, below and legs flavous, tibiz and tarsi black. Length, 7-8 mm. Eight examples, Marcapata, Peru. December, 1911 s 416 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The antenne are about 34 the length of the body, the second joint short, the third more than twice as long, the fourth barely longer than the two preceding. The thorax is nearly twice as wide as long, the surface shiny and finely punctate, the depression very deep and extending nearly from side to side, sinuation of the sides short and well marked, the punctuation of the elytra coarse, confluent and granulate between the punctures, becoming obsolete at extreme tip. The cariniform tubercle places this species in Baly-Gahan, section 2, division C, near ambitiosa Er. This species has been distributed with the manuscript name zigrofzbz- alis Jac. A pair of co-types has been sent me by Messrs. Staudinger & Bang-Haas. Other examples are in my collection. The @ co-type has the elytra cyaneous blue instead of black ; my other two ?’s are black. D. pallens, nov. sp. Head black, antenne 2% length of body, black, base of the first joint and last three joints (apex of the eleventh excepted) pale. Thorax pale yellow, transverse, depressed, punctured, trifoveate, scutel black, elytra pale yellow, smooth, shining, sparsely and finely punctulate, with two trans- verse depressions at and behind the middle respectively, suture just back of the scutel, very narrowly piceous, beneath yellow, inclined to piceous, legs yellow, tibiz and tarsi black. Length, 714 mm. One (7?) - Carrillo (type), 2 (9?) San Carlos, Costa: Rica[veaie Schild-Burgdorf. The two San Carlos examples differ from the type in that the 7th and 8th joints of the antennze are more or less flavous. The type has the 8th joint lighter at the apex than the base, joint 2 short, 3 twice as long, 4 a trifle longer than the two preceding. In the 9 the third joint is obviously longer than twice the second. The thorax is twice as broad as long, strongly sinuate and broadly margined at the sides behind; there is an obsolete median third fovea visible between the two side ones; the nearly parallel elytra have a well- marked humeral groove, making the shoulder prominent, and a broad, smooth elevation near the suture making a well-marked sutural depres- sion ; the median depression is deeper than the rear one, but both are easily visible with the naked eye ; the rear one gives the appearance of a broad, smooth elevation on the convexity. Near subimpressa Jac., from Costa ‘Rica. . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 417 D. centrastigma, nov. sp. Head black, mouth parts flavous, antenne a trifle over half the length of the body, black with the under side of the first few joints flavous, thorax flavous, transverse, depressed, bifoveate, scutel b’ack, elytra nearly parallel, not plicate, flavous, transversely depressed at the middle, a common sutural wedge-shaped piceous spot reaching to this depression, and the suture very narrowly lined with black nearly to apex. There is also a supplemental depression running from the shoulder obliquely towards the median depression body. Beneath piceous, thorax flavous, legs flavous, tibiz and tarsi piceous. Length, 6 mm, One example, San Carlos, Costa Rica ; coll. Schild-Burgdorf. Joint 2 of the antenne is short, 3 more than twice as long, 4 shorter than the preceding two ; the thorax is nearly twice as wide as long, strongly sinuate at the sides behind ; the elytra are smooth, sparsely and finely punctuate ; the humeral umbone is prolonged into a sort of obsolete ridge, which vanishes behind and gives the elytra a flat back in front, with strongly declivous sides. Has the general appearance of a small, ill-developed sutura/is Baly, with the usual large rear black spot absent. D. castanea, nov. sp. Head rufous, piceous about the eyes and mouth parts; antennz about the length ot the body, black, rufous at the base; thorax rufous, trans- verse, depressed, strongly bifoveate, scutel rufous piceous, elytra nearly parallel, flavous, with a post median sutural, elongate rufous spot, on each side, and a strong transverse median depression; surface finely and sparsely punctulate ; body below piceous, thorax rufous, legs yellow, with black tib' and tarsi. Length, 614 mm. One example, San Carlos, Costa Rica ; coll. Schild-Burgdorf. Antenne with joint 2 short, 3 more than twice its length, 4 shorter than the preceding two, thorax much broader than long, very markedly sinuate at the sides behind, elytra strongly depressed around the scutel and with a well-marked humeral depression running from just inside the shoulder knob, obliquely towards the median depression. I place the species near subimpressa Jac., from Costa Rica. (To be continued.) 418 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PERILLUS CLAUDUS A BENEFICIAL INSECT. In the September number of this magazine appeared a note by Dr. Bethune relative to the predaceous work of Peril/us claudus Say on the Colorado potato beetle. I also am glad to report the good work of this insect in Michigan during the years 1908 and 1909. In rg08 it was sent in to the Michigan Agricultural College several times, and each time mentioned as killing the potato beetle. In rgog it was sent in quite fre- quently, and from many localities. Several of the correspondents claimed that it was becoming so beneficial that spraying was hardly necessery. It was known to attack the larvae and nymphs. The method of its attack was to pierce with its mouth-parts the soft skin of the larvee or nymph and suck out all the liquid contents of the host’s body, thus insuring a sure and sudden death. There seems to have been a northward spread of this insect, as it was not formerly known to occur as far north as Illinois, and here we have it in 1908 and rgog in Michigan, and in Ontario in rort. M. A. YoruHers, Pullman, Wash. NOTES ON THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF GRAPTA IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY HENRY H.. LYMAN, (MONTREAL. In the 36th Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario for 1905 appeared a very interesting paper by Mrs. Nicholl on “Butterfly Collecting in Canada, 1904,” followed by some critical notes by the late Dr. James Fletcher. Mrs. Nicholl appears to have consulted Mr. Henry Elwes in regard to at least some of the determinations, but I do not know whether all her specimens were examined by him or not. On page 76 Polygonia (Grapta) gracilis is recorded as having been taken at Ottawa and Montreal; the latter locality, however, I believe to be erroneous. I do not know that there is any inherent reason why it should not occur here, but the fact remains that we have had a flourishing branch of the Entomological Society of Ontario in active operation here for 38 years, and no specimen of that species has ever been taken here by any of our members. December, 1911 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 419 Last year I paid several visits to the British Museum, and made a special study of the North American Graptas, having taken over with me authentic specimens of nearly all the known species from my own collection for compariscn. Mr. Heron was absent on account of a breakdown of his health, but when I had examined the same drawers in 1906 he told me that they had been arranged by Mr. Elwes, and there was a memorandum in Mr. Elwes’s writing stating that he had arranged them in accordance with the views of the leading North American entomologists, though he did not concur in their views. Last year I found in the first drawer the following note: “ The arrangement of this drawer is only provisional. I have not studied the very diffuse literature now.—H. J. E. ‘““T have left the names on the labels to show what the Americans call them.” My notes on the contents are as follows : Progne, 4 specimens. No. 1 is faunus from Nepigon, Nos. 2, 3 and 4 are correct (Nos. 2 and 4 bred by J. Fletcher, Ottawa, No. 3 also from Ottawa), from the Crowley bequest. Over a label stand five specimens. Comma Harris syn. Dryas Edw. syn. Harrisii Edw. No. 1 is progne from Nova Scotia, below N. S. is ‘“ Redmayne ?” ; and the specimen has a pin label with the correct name. No. 21s var. dryas g, and is labeled: I believe this and following labels with name Nova Scotia. ‘“Grapta c-album Linn.” to be in Mr. Hewitson Coll. Heron’s writing. Grapta c-album Linn. No. 3 is satyrus g, and is labeled : N. America. Hewitson Coll. Grapta c-album Linn. 420 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. No. 4 is dryas ¢, apparently, but the secondaries are less clouded than usual. Itis from W. Va:, and bears a label in the writing of the late W. H. Edwards. Comma 3 Dimorphic from a@ryas. PSA a No. 5 is comma, var. harrisii, from N. Y., but is marked dryas on the pin label. The next row of specimens has a label dryas at the foot. One specimen at top of row is faunus, from the Elwes | collection, and was taken at Nepigon, 29, vil, 93. Progne hen a vacant space of four inches, then one fide Fletcher progne bred from currant by Fletcher and labeled : Then another space of about four inches, then two specimens of progne, one from Maine and the Nova Scotia. other labeled : Redmayne ? Then three comma, var. harrisw, ¢. The first from Zeller collection, and labeled N. America. “ West Virginia” in W. H. E’s writing. Hewitson Coll. The next labeled: Grapta calbum Linn. The last is from New York, and is labeled on the pin in error ‘“ var, aryas.” Next follow two rows with label at foot, arrisiz. First row : No. 1 is faunus, from the White Mts., N. H. No. 2 is a very interesting form from Albany River, Hudson’s Bay Territory, taken by Geo, Barnston, which seems to stand about midway between progue and gracilis, the silver mark being L-shaped as nearly as possible, forming a right angle, but the border is not nearly as silvery as in typical gracilis. It bears a pin label “G. gracilis,” by Heron. No. 3 is fawnus, from Albany River, H. B. Barnston, and has a correct pin label by Heron. No. 4 1s fauzus, from New York. No. 5 is the same, but also marked from “ Elwes collection.” No. 6 is faunus, from Nova Scotia. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 421 No. 7 is comma, var. harrtsit g, from N. J., from Dr. Strecker, Elwes collection. No. 8 is comma, var. harrisit, West Va., the written pin label by W. H. -E. Second row: No. 1 is faunus, from White Mts., N. H. No. 2 is similar to the corresponding specimen in the first row, and same locality and collector. No. 3 is faunus, from N. Y., Elwes collection. Then there is a space of three inches. No. 4 is faunus, and is labeled : Nova Scotia. Hewitson Coll. Grapta c-album Linn. No. 5 1s comma, var. harrisit 2, N. J., Strecker, Elwes collection. No. 6 is comma, var. harrisii ¢. Then a 2-inch space. No. 7 is comma, var. dryas ° , from Ottawa, Crowley bequest. No. 8 is comma, var. dryas 2, W. Va., labeled W. H. E. The remainder of the drawer is filled with Grapta interrogationis, var. fabricit and var. wmbrosa, which are correctly arranged. In the next drawer there is a label as follows : “ After careful study of the western and Rocky Mts. forms and comparison with analogous varieties, sexual and climatic, in Europe and Asia, I cannot follow the distinctions adopted by Edwards and other American authors.—H. J. Ewes, Jan. 3, 1905.” In this drawer there are very interesting specimens, but so badly mixed that I gave up in despair, as the same species sometimes stood under two or even three names, and there were labels on long pins stuck promiscuously about the drawer like Dervish standards. There is no typical specimen of graci/is as found in eastern Canada and the North-eastern States of the American Union in the collection, which may account for Mrs. Nicholl’s erroneous record of that pre- eminently beautiful species from Montreal. I have rarely examined a collection without finding at least some of the Graptas misnamed. - 492 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. GNORIMOSCHEMA SEPTENTRIONELLA, N. SP. BY REV. THOMAS W. FYLES, HULL, P. Q. Locality : North Wakefield, Province of Quebec. Gall-plant: Aster junceus Alt. | The Gall; Situated on the stem of the plant, 6 inches from the ground and 8 inches from the summit of the panicle of blossoms; fusiform, one inch long, half an inch in diameter at the widest part; contained no trace of a web. Imago: Appeared in the middle of September; 20 millimetres in expanse of wings: 10 millimetres in length of body. Mead brown, mottled with gray. a/pz recurved (drooped in drying), 2 millimetres long, dentate on the inner edge of the second segment. Antenne six millimetres long, filiform, brown. Zhorax and abdomen dark brown, the latter somewhat hoary towards the end. fore wing brown; taken lengthwise the costal half of the wing is of a warmer hue than the inner half. The outward third of this costal part is striped with brown and rosy gray. The fringe of the fore wing is 3 millimetres long; it has a rosy glow towards the outer angle, and is beautifully marked with minute brown spots. Aid wing dark gray, 344 millimetres at the longest part, light brown. Legs; tibie of hindmost pair set all round, and all their length, with long hairs. The joints of the tarsi are edged with gray. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. The sixth annual meeting of the Entomological Society of America will be held in Washington, D. C., Tuesday and Wednesday. Dec. 26 and 27, in affiliation with meetings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and other affiliated societies. Meetings will be held Tuesday forenoon and afternoon, beginning at 10.00 a.m., and on Wednesday forenoon. The meetings of the American Association of Economic Entomologists will begin Wednesday afternoon with the Presi- dent’s addresss, and other meetings on Thursday, and Friday forenoon, followed by the meetings of the Horticultural Inspectors. The annual address will be given by Prof. John Henry Comstock, of Cornell University, on Wednesday evening, December 27, at 8.00 p.m. His subject will be ‘“‘ On some Biological Features of Spiders.” It will be illustrated by lantern slides.—Extract from announcement. Mailed December, 12th, 1911 INDEX TO VOLUME ALIII. Acoloides aureus, n. Sp., 292. Acronarista, characters of, 313. os mirabilis, 313. Acronycta canadensis, 148. 3 cretata, 149. = emaculata, 150. = illita, 150. - manitoba, 149. Adelphomyia minuta, n. sp., 286. Enastoidea, n. gen., 171. Ms latiscapus, n. Sp., 173. Alaus oculatus, ‘‘eye spots” of, Igo. Alberta Lepidoptera, notes on, 143, 229, 281, 321, 329, 361, 393- ALDRICH, J. M., articles by, 34, 108. ALEXANDER, C. P., articles by, 286, 369. Amphorophora howardii, n. sp., 59. Anacampsis rhoifructella, 32. Anaphes gracilis, 133. Andricus rugulosus, n. sp., 211. ce yosemite, nN. sp., 211. Anecia enothere, n. sp., 63. Anthophorula bruneri, 390. Anytus obscurus, 398. Apantesis, notes on two species of, 257: Apantesis phyllira, 257. placentia, 257. Aphididz, new genera and species of, 59: Aphis minuta, n. sp., 60. > “SASSEEFE, BSP; 50: Apicrena, n. gen., 205. - calcaria, n. Sp., 205. Aplodes intensaria, n. sp., 25. Arachnids from Spanish moss, 29. Arge vs. Hylotoma, 122. Arthrolytus eneoviridis, n. Sp., 372. albiscapus, 354. ec apatelz, 371, 412. s: clisiocampz, 376. “ incongruens, 376. Arthrolytus, notes on the genus, 346, 407. Arthrolytus punctatus, 352. eS puncticollis, 370. pimple, 376. - table of species, 376. Asilidz, four new species of, 129. Athalia colibri, 122. Athysanus estacadus, n. Sp., 200. S uhlert, n. sp., 200. BALL, E. D., article by, 197. BANKS, NATHAN, article by, 128. BARNES, WM., articles by, 257, 318. Bees from Western Canada, 33. Bees, new, from flowers of Cactacee, bar. | Bees, records of, 3809. Beetles found about foliage, 109. BETHUNE, C. J.S., articles by, 132, 140, 253) 320. BEUTENMULLER, WM., article by, 211. | BIRD, HENRY, article by, 37. ' Bonnetia, characters of, 265. _ Book Notices— Diptera Danica, 138. Genera Insectorum, Cicindelinz, 36. Insects and Disease, 195. Insects of Connecticut, 392. Insects of New Jersey, 328. Nature Sketches in Temperate Am- erica, 256. Schenkling’s Cleridz, 107. The Codling Moth, 180. The Genus Pissodes, 139. The House Fly, 294. The Prevention of Malaria, 105. The Tse-tse Flies, 295. Tower’s Work on Leptinotarsa, 71. | Bothropolys multidentatus, 98. rE pusio, 379. is xanti, 379. BowpiTcH, F. C., articles by, 9, 89, 207, 386, 415. BuENO, J. R. DELA T., article by, 226. Buethobius coniugans, n. sp., 384. Busck, AUGUST, article by, 4. Caliroa cerasi, 121. Cantharis nuttalli, 327. _ Capsidz, life-histories of two species ' Of. 17. Carolinaia, n. gen., 61. ¥ caricis, n. sp., OI. Catalogue of Canadian insects, 273. CAUDELL, A. N., articles by, 137, 156. Cea immacula and allied species, 318. Ceanothus ovatus as a host-plant, 32. Ceratina dupla halophila, n. subsp., 390. Ceroputo koebelet, n. sp., 278. CHAGNON, GUSTAVE, article by, I. CHAMBERLIN, R. V., articles by, 67, 98, 260, 378. 424 INDEX TO VOLUME XLIII. Charidryas nycteis, 340. Chlorochlamys appellaria, n. sp. Chlorosea proutartia, n. Sp., 250. Chorizagrotis agrestis, 333. auxiliaris, 333. inconcinna, 333. introferens, 333. Chrysophanus dorcas, life-history ot 160. Chrysophanus zeroe, 83. CoBLENZ, W. W., article by, 355. Coccidz, new, with notes on other species, 275. GOCKERELL, T: D- A., articles ‘by, 33; 131, 208, 272, 389. Codling moth, egg parasite of, 133. Coelopisthia nematicida, 298. Coleoptera from Steamboat Springs, Col., p. 208. Collecting notes Man-°327- ComsTock, W. P., article by, 65. Conocephalids, notes on two, 413. Conocephalus caudellianus, 413. = exiliscanoris, 413. CoOOLIDGE, K. R., articles by, 6, 50. CoOQuUILLETT, D. W., article, 66. Cristatithorax, n. gen., 169. = pulcher, n. sp. 170. Crossy, C. R., articles by, 17, 20, 414. Cryptocampus, Euura vs., 122. Culex borealis, n. sp., 178. Cympidz, two new species of, 211. ce ee from Cartwright, Davis, Wo. T., article by, 413. Deltocephalus fraternus, n. sp., 201. Deltocephalus fraternus, var. mendosus, Nl. VAT, 202. Deltocephalus micarius, n. sp., 203. Derostenus salutaris, n. sp., 414. Diabrotica alternata, n. sp., 415. “ argo, N. Sp: 55: ee atomaria, 9. cs atrobasalis, n. sp., 97. baeri, n. sp., 92. bakert, n. sp., 96. biannularis, 14. bioculata, n. sp., 16. boggianz, n. Sp., 94. bruchiz, n. sp., 389. callangaensis, n. Sp., QI. carinipennis, n. Sp., 387. castanea, nN. Sp., 417. centrastigma, Nn. Sp., 417. chacoensis, n. sp., 96. chimborensts, N. Sp. 54. se e . ee ce ee ce e cc ec “ ‘6 Diabrotica clarkellita, n. sp., 90, de clio, n. Sp., 94. columbiensis, n. Sp., 53. correction of name in, 207. delrio, n. Sp., 57. fraterna, 9. fulvofasciata, 9. funerea, n. sp., 11. Susculus, n. sp., 12. granulipennis, n. Sp., 387- hahnelt, n. sp., 10. inca, N. Sp., 386. juncto-linea, n. Sp., 95- klagii, n. sp., 56. luenderwaldti, n. sp., gO. mapiriensis, N. Sp., 89. neoatrimaculata, n. Sp., 15. neolineata, Nn. Sp., QI. Diabrotica, new species of, 9, 53, 89, 386, 415. Diabrotica nigrotibialis, n. Sp., 415. pachitensts, n. sp., 97: pallens, n. Sp., 416. pauperata, 9. peckii, n. sp., 53- peruensis, nN. Sp., 93- piceopunctata, n. Sp., 14. purpurascens, N. SPp., 55- rendalli, n. Sp., 93- vosenbergt, n. sp., 58. rufopustulata, n. sp., 58. sancatarina, 0. Sp., II. semisulcata, n. sp., a semtviridis, 0. SPp., septemplagiata, n. “P “2572 songoensis 0. Sp., 56. suffusca, 10. surinamensts, n. sp., 89. tibialis, ro. tucumanensis, N. Sp., 389. underwoodi, n. Sp., 95- unicincta, N. Sp., 13. variolosa, 10. vittula, n. sp., 388. Diptera, from Kearney, Ont., 237. Dop, F. H. WOLLEY, articles by, 104; 143, 229, 281, 321, 329, 361, 393. ce ce ce ce ce ee ce ce ce ce ce ce ce 66 ec cé ce img «é 6 6 ims e se ee ce ray 6 ec ce ce ee iad ee ¢ ce ce ee EHRHORN, E. M., article by, 275. Empria Ceca, N. Sp., 308. cetrata, n. Sp., 305. calda, n. Sp., 307- callida, n. sp., 305. callosa, n. Sp. 305- candidula, n. Sp., 310, {€ ¢anora, N. Sp.) 310, ce ec ce ce INDEX TO VOLUME XLIII. Empria capillata, n. Sp., 341. caprina, 0. Sp., 307. Euxoa maimes, 337. ‘“* megastigma, 339. 425 ‘* captiosa, n. sp., 308. ‘¢ carbasea, n. Sp., 341. ‘4 eartasd, Nl. Sp., 309. fae 685A, TN. SP, Bi: Pr. -tstay. Ik Sp. sez ‘* castigata, n. sp., 309. oP EGLA;) Tie SOs n GO ‘| “eauduca, NO Sp-,' 300: VO 6GuUia, DOSPs (Gur , PP ORUay Beisps. 300. Sn: (AURA YO SP. G05. ‘* celebrata, n. sp., 308. Foe ICCISE Ths fS]t 5 GOOe ‘* conciliata, n. sp., 344. . €0neISa, Ti. ’Sp-, 340. ‘f concitata, n. sp., 342. Des €0NGKELAS > SP=5 344. Die = KORPCRSE. Re SPiy 342. SS) (CORMAA, N.-SPsys 342. ‘* _conferta, n. Sp., 344- ‘< confirmata, n. sp., 443. 2 Contexta, Hs SPs, 345- oS : contorta, +n. Sp. °343. “i. “6uipaias Tl. SA:.+ 343: * eumulatas 2 Sp, ¢ 343: SRReaa, 2.Sp., 345: ‘* cespida, n. sp., 346. i Meuralas 1. Sp.,) 345. €0CClA, TN. SPz, (310. ee Skincatat, 1. Sp, 345- *¢ new species of, 305, 341. Encyrtinz, new genera and species of, 168. Entomological field work, notes on, 22. Entomological Society of America, 124, 422 Eriocampoides, I1g. Eriococcus eriogont, n. sp., 276. cs salinus, n. sp., 276. Eubaphe immaculata, 146. Eupithecia, a new, 255. “s chagnont, n. sp., 255. Euptoieta claudia, at Toronto, 340. Euretagrotis inattenta, 324. Euura vs. Cryptocampus, 122. Euxoa alticola, 366. ‘* Cariosus,: 363. =. ‘cagitans, 335. ‘‘ declarata, 367. ‘« divergens, 396. “* FOCUS, G69. ‘<" holoberba, 363. ‘* idahoensis, 394. ‘* —incallida, 362. 1 svlaganze; 302. s mollis, 365. nordica, 395. ochrogaster, 393. Olivalis, 336. pestula, 361, 369. pugionis, 337 redimacula, 396. rena, 366. eae Feticincta, 462: reuda, 365. ridingsiana, 337. 2), Fumatana, 346. ** scandens, 3309. = ) -tessellata, 368. ‘* testula, 362. Joe beisticula,: 367. co tewallus;.36%. ‘* vulpina, 339. EVANS, J; D-,. article by, 328: PERT Es Ps article-by, 5345194: Feltia ducens, 334. “\ shudsont, 334- ‘> obliqua, 335- ‘< vancouverensis, 335. ‘« venerabilis, 335. BVLEs, TT. W., articles ‘by, 1355256; 422. Geediopsis, table of species, 315. Gall-making moths on Solidago and Aster, 4. Gall midges, two new, 194. Geometridz from the Southwest, 207. “ new, 250. Geometrid, a new Canadian, 225. Geometrid genus, a new, and a new Southwestern species, 205, Georgia, n. gen., 64. ‘<< ulmi, n. Sp., 64. GIBSON, ARTHUR, articles by, 125, 157. GIRAULT, A. A., articles by, 133, 168, 192, 292, 346, 370, 407. Gnorimoschema gallzasterella, 6, 135. S gallzediplopappi, 135. os gallzesolidaginis, 4. a salinaris, N. Sp., 4. Gnorimoschema septentrionella, n. sp., 422. Gnorimoschema subterranea, n. sp., 5. Grapta, notes on N. Am. species in British Museum, 418. GROSSBECK, J. A., articles by, 225. 426 INDEX TO VOLUME XLIII. Hadena alberta, 235. es albertina, 282. x alia, 229. sia allecto, 282. by barnesii, 236. cerivana, 230. cinefacta, 235. cogitata, 232. contradicta, 229. devastatrix, 233- egens, 282. enigma, 235. ferens, 234. indocilis, 229. lateritia, 231. montana, 281. passer, 155. rorulenta, 229. s sora, 281. unita, 235. versuta, 233. Hadenella tonsa, 152. HADWEN, SEYMOUR, article by, 141. Hzmatobia serrata, mites infesting, I4I. HAHN, PAUL, article by, 340. Halobatopsis beginii, 226. HeEaTH, E. F., articles by, 245, 327. Hepialid moth, peculiar habits of a, 289. Hepialus confusus, 292. a hyperboreus, 290. “i macglashani, 291. BC matthewi, 292. + pulcher, 291. et roseicaput, 292. Heterocordylus malinus, 17. Hewitt, -G. G;, articles -by,: 105, 135; 142, 180, 273, 294, 295, 298, 311. Hillia senescens, ‘154. “« vigilans, 154. Homohadena badistriga, 285. Honey-bee, danger of pollution by, 31. Horismenus microgaster, 407. Horn fly, mites infesting, 141. HuntTSMAN, A. G., article by, 71. Hydriomena cochiseata, 80. ve furcata, 74. Hydriomena furcata, var. albifasciata, ee ce ce ce é ce “ce “ec ce “e ce <6 ce ce i V7: Hydriomena furcata, var. elutata, 75. ye “ * periclata, 77. Hydriomena furcata, var. quinquefas- ciata,: 75. Hydriomena furcata, var. resecta, 76. Hydriomena furcata, var. sordidata, 76. Hydriomena furcata, var. viridata, 76. = irata, 81. manzanita, 8o. nubilifasciata, 79. Hydriomena nubilifasciata, var. cumu- lata, 80 Hydriomena nubilifasciata, var. cupi- data, 79. Hydriomena tata, 79. Hydriomena lata, 80. Hydriomena nubilifasciata, var. sparsi- macula, 8o. Hydriomena nubilifasciata, nerata, 80. Hydriomena pernotata, 81. $s reflata, 78. Hydrecia repleta, n. sp., 47. Hylotoma, Arge vs., 122. Hyppa brunneicrista, 285. ‘¢ xylinoides, 284. ce nubilifasciata, var. rap- nubilifasciata, var. sca- var. vul- Idionotus brevipes, habits and stridu- lation of, 303. Inbreeding of Lepidoptera, 212. Insects from cotton and corn, 26. ‘* from dry cornstalks, 25. from dry cotton bolls, 23. Insects from Steamboat Springs, Col., 208. International Congress of Entomology, 406. Ipidz, new species of, 213. Ips borealis, n. sp., 213. ** latidens, 215. ‘* longidens, n. sp., 214. Ge Jassidz, new North American, 197. Kermes pubescens, Chalcidoid para- sites of, 168. Kermes shastensis, n. sp., 275+ Lampyride, colour of light emitted by, 35° ‘ Lamyctes fulvicornis, 98. Laphria dispar, n. sp., 130. Leaf-roller, on Viburnum prunifolium, 22. Lecontea lucifera, light-emission of, 403. Lepidoptera from Cartwright, Man., 245. INDEX TO VOLUME XLIII, Lepidoptera from St. Fabien, Que., 1. KS male genitalia in, 181. Lepidoptera, notes on Alberta, 229, 281, 321, 329, 361, 393- Light-emission of Lampyride, 399. Linnemya anthracina, n. sp., 266. ri characters of, 265. Linotenis chionophila, 260. Lithobiomorpha of Colorado, 67. Lithobiomorpha of San Francisco Bay, 378. Lithobiomorpha of Wisconsin, 98. Lithobius angelus safanus, n. subsp., 381. Lithobius bilabiatus, 103. bius, n. Sp., 102. cardinalis, 103. celer, 102. coloradensis, 70. dopaintus, n. sp., 69. exiguus, 104. forficatus, 69, ror. harrietz, 69. holzingeri, 104. howei, 101. jowensis, 70, 103. juventus, IOI. Lithobius, Key to Colorado species of, 67. Lithobius, Key to Wisconsin species of, 143; ce “ec ec se ce e ee ae se ce ce 99. Lithobius, kochii, 380. minnesote, 104. mordax, 68, Iol. iis ie-Sp., 102. obesus, 380. cedipes, 68. patonius, n. sp., 381. politus, 103. proridens, 103. pullus, 103. sexdentatus, 103. sulcipes, 260. tiganus, 380. tivius, 69, 104. trilobus, 104. tyrranus, 10I. Lobodiplosis coccidarum, n. Sp., 195. LuDLOow, C. S., article by, 178. Luperina niveivenosa, 155. Lycena fulla, 85. Lycznid butterflies, two, 83. Lygidea mendax, 17. Lyman, H. H., article by, 418. Lythrodes tripuncta, n. Sp., 319. “ec ee ce ee ce “ce ae eé ce se ce ce ce life-histories of s 427 MACGILLIVRAY, ALEX. D., articles by, 124, 305, 341. Mallophora fulva, n. sp., 130. Mastor, 6. os bellus, 7. phylace, 7. McDermott, F. A., articles by, 190, 399- McDUNNOUGH, JAMES, articles by, 181, 2575, 200, GA oe Megachile sapellonis, 391. Meigen’s 1800 paper, a decision on, 34, 66. Melissodes opuntiella, n. sp., 131. Melitzea theona, 50. Metopia lateralis, 314. “s leucocephala, 314. Miastor larve, 135. Microterys cincticornis, n. Sp., 175. ee Spectosissimus, N. Sp., 175. Mites infesting horn fly, 141. Monima revicta, life history of, 157. Morris, F. J. A., article by, 1og. Mosquito, new Alaskan, 178. Myriopods, notes on _ species from Alaska and Washington, 260, ce Nemastoma dasycnemum, 20. Neopasites robertsoni, 390. Neotrichogramma japonicum, identity of, 192. NEwWcoMB, W. W., article by, 160. NEWCOMER, E. J., article by, 83. SSE baja, 325. calgary, 330. cynica, var. perumbrosa, 326. dislocata, 330. havilz, 332. inopinatus, 331. patefacta, 326. rosaria, 329. unicolor, 332. Noctuidz, life-histories of Canadian, ae S NORTON, ARTHUR H., ar}jicle by, 385. iad sé “ce ce ce ce ce Obituary Notices— Coguillett, D. W., 311. Scudder,’ Dr. S. H., 253- Seifert, Otto, 16. Ommatius maculatus, n. sp., 128. se pretiosus, nN. Sp., 129. Oncocnemis cibalis, 321. = poliochroa, 286. 428 INDEX TO VOLUME XLIII. Orthoptera, a new species from Texas, 1377 Orthoptera, notes on, 156. OSBORN, HENRY, article by, 52. Oslaria pura, n. Sp., 319. Osmia hesperella, 309. Pachnobia littoralis, 324. Papaipema arctivorens, 44. cataphracta, 43. : erubescens, N. Sp., 39. o fluxa, n.ab., 44. “ harrisii, 37. es mesert, N. Sp., 42. ce nepheletena, 43. Papaipema, new histories and species of, 37- Papaipema rigida, 47. ot rubiginosa, n. ab., 40. PEARSALL, R.F., article -by, 205; 250: Pear Slug, 119. Pergandeida nigra, n. sp., 62. Peridroma margaritosa, 324. Perillus bioculatus, 320. as circumcinctus, 320. Perillus claudus, a_ beneficial insect, AMO a Phalangida, a new Missouri species of, 20. Phlepsius nudus, n. sp., 204. Phloeophthorus, characters of, 221. Phlceotribus, characters of, 222. is frontalis, 223. liminaris, 223. pice@, Nn. Sp., 220, 223. Bi puberulus, 221, 223. Pholus pandorus, at Toronto, 340. Phorbia fusciceps, mortality of, due to fungus, 31. Photinus pyralis, colour of light emitted by, 356. Photinus pyralis, light-emission of, 399. Photuris pennsylvanica, colour of light emitted by, 356. Phragmatobia assimilans, var. fran- conia, preparatory stages of, 125. Phylodarea subcostata, n. sp , 287. Pieris protodice, 327. Plant-bugs, biting propensities of, 29. Polia contacta, 283. ‘< medialis, 283. Porosagrotis retusta, 335. Potato beetle, eating eggs of its kind, 385. Prestwichia aquatica, 209. characters of Pseudolithobius megaloporus, 382. Psenulus ( Neofoxia ) townsendi, n. sp., 272, Psenid wasp from Peru, a new, 272. Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis, 321. me placida, 322. Rhynchites betulz, habits of, 112. ROHWER, S. A., article by, 119. SANDERS, G. E., article by, 48. Saunders, Dr. William, 140. Sawfly, turnip, 121. SCHAEFFER, CHAS., article by, 254. Schizotachina, characters of, 268, 313. . convecta, 271. ‘fs vitinervis, n. Sp., 268. Scytonotus bergrotht, n. sp., 262. Selidosema manttoba, n. sp., 225. SKINNER, DR. HENRY, article by, 406. SST Gis cerisyi, 132. \ habits of, 104. “ geminatus, habits of, 104. Sphzridium bipustulatus at New York City, 254. Spherococcus cupressi, n. Sp., 277. Stamnodes affiliata, n. sp., 252. Stipator mitchellt, n. sp., 137. SWAINE, J. M., article by, 213. Swett, L. W., articles by, 73, 255. Tachinidz, new and old, 265, 313. Tenthredinoidea, notes on and descrip- tion of new species, 119. Thamnotettix intricata, n. sp., 198. ee kirkaldyt, n. sp., 197. rs rupinata, n. Sp., 199. oh schwartz, n. sp., 197. dihecla chry salus, 65. var. cCitima, 65. THompson, W. R., articles by, 265, . Bie? Tipulidz, Canadian, 369. ay new, 286. Toxomytia rubida, n. sp., 194. Trichogramma japonicum, identity of, 192. Trionymus caltfornicus, n. sp., 279. Bee conica, notes on breeding of, Ii ee betule, n. sp., fneatae: 216, article by, 22. 216. TUCKER; E:'S;; INDEX TO VOLUME XLIII. Van DuZEE, M. C., article by, 237. WALKER, E. M., articles by, 16, 139, 393, 349) 392- WickuaM, H. F., article by, 36. WILson, H. F., article by, 59. Winn, A. F., article by, 212. Wotcott, A. B., article by, 108. Xylococcus macrocarpe, 279. YOTHERS, M. A., article by, 418. Zygethobius dolichopus, 67. “ce sokariensis, n. Sp., 383. 429 Ss Loe ny ei - ," ¥ - 5 r " t f 4 ; Ra ayt eae) | 33 »* ante len —)/ ie aa ; Ee EERE A aN oe 3 24a e = sittin 32% Pa ul, Sheed te ag ke eee a By idee wo eas Ne ive4 ‘ear Rs - » ay : Nay rt t 3 2 ae ; ; o ® * a! ye : f S “SS ‘ a hein oo x ‘4 r \ ‘f . * t i fl " a 4 , of . $5 eet Sees es VOLUME XLIII. No. 1. CONTENTS. Chagnon—Lepidoptera taken at St. Fabien, Que............0.........05-. Busck—Gall-making Moths on Solidago and Aster........................ Coolidge—The genus Mastor, Godman and Salvin .....................05.5 Bowditch—Notes on Diabrotica and descriptions of new species........... Obituary tf megane, Otto; Setfer tars. 2 Fs 5 pita. ha ae oe ae eho la eee te Crosby—Life-history of two species of Capsid@.....................2.. 0005 Crosby —A new species of Phalangida from Missouri...................... Tucker—Random notes on Entomological Field-work...................... Cockerell—Some Bees from Western Canada. ...........0.-00- ccc cece ee Aldrich—A decision on Meigen’s 1800 paper........ 2.2.20... 0. eee eee eee eee Wickham—Review of Walter Horn’s Cicindeline.......................... EDITED BY RBM WALKER, BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO. Editor Emeritus; _REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. JANUARY, 1911. LONDON : LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY, 1911, 33 1 a SE AD | EXCHANGES. Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of thts column. Notices over three lines are liable to be shortened if necessary. All tnsertions free to subscribers. EUROPEAN COLEOPTERA, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Decapods, Crusta- eeans, rare minerals, fossils of all grades, shells terrestrial, fluviatile and marine, and prehistoric objects, offered in exchange for specimens of a similar kind. Send lists and particulars. —A. DUcCHAuUssoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferi- | eure, France. . IMPORTED INDIAN Cocoons.—Atlas, Mylitta, Roylei, Selene, Leto, Frifenes- trata, Ricini, Edwardsi and others, for pupze of Regalis, Versicolora and other native species.—JAMES L. MIFCHELL, z12 Indiana Trust Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. POLYPH¥LLA VARIOLOSA offered in exchange.—Have you fine specimens of this rare N. A. beetle in your collection? If not, send me a list of not over twenty rare species that you can offer in exchange. My supply of specimens is limited.—PHILIP LAURENT, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. RILEy’s Missouri REPORTS.—-A complete set to: be exchanged for Hamilton or Oriskany Brachiopdods. Also many entomological pamphlets for exchange.— BD. K. GREGER, Fulton, Mo., U.S. A. WANTED.—~Ann. Reports of Ent. Soe. of Ontario, Nos. 2, 3, 7 and 8; Ex- periment Station Record, Vol. 3, No. 4, and Vol. 4, No. 5; Proc. of Ent. Soc. of Philadelphia, Vol. 2; Trans. ot Am. Ent. Soc., Vols. 2 and 3; Bull. of Brooklyn Ent. Soc., Vols. 1, 2 and 3; Papilio, Vol. 2, Nos. 2, 3and 7, and Vol. 3, No. 1, _ —R. W. HArRnNED, Agricultural College, Miss. MicroO-LEPIDOPTERA.——Wanted, Coleophora species, with larva cases and full data (including name of food- plant), for exchange or cash.—W. WILD, 212 Law Exchange, Buffalo, N. ¥. WANTED, connections with reliable entomologists in California, Arizona and Florida, for mutual assistance in experimental work with Heterocera and Rhopalocera.—CaARLO ZEIMET, 170 William St., New York (P. B. O. 1613). LEPIDOPTERA for exchange. Pupz of Malacosoma pluvealis, M. disstrea, western form, Imagoes Lemonias Taylori, Phyciodes pratensis, and many other local species.—A. J. CROKER, 1045 McClure St., Victoria, B. C. WANTED.—Exchange for common insects of all groups, also microscope slides and teaching material.—W. ©. BARBOUR, Succasunna, N. f. WANTED.—CAN. ENT. Vols. 28, zg and 30, Riley’s 9th Mo. Report and Psyche Vols. 7, 8, 9 and 160 wanted. Will give cash, Lepidoptera or books.— H. H. NEwcoms, 146 Summer St., Boston. MIcrO-LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted : Coleophora species with larva cases and full data (including name of food-ptant} for exchange or cash.—W. WILD, 212 Law Exchange, Buffalo, N. Y. LEPIDOPTERA FOR EXCHANGE.—Ampel. versicolor, Sphinx sequoiz, Callos «alleta, Hemileuca electra, Papaipema cerina and marginidens, Pectes oculatrix, Kutelia pulcherrima, Catocala blandula, faustina, irene, alabama, etc.—JOSEF MATTES, 733 Lexington Ave., New York. WANTED.—Caterpillars, especially of exotic families, or named Micro- lepidoptera. Specimens in* alcohol preferred.—Wm. T. M. ForBEs, Clark University, Worcester, Mass. WANTED.—Pupz of American Silk Moths, American Coleoptera (especially Silphidz and Coccinellidz), in exchange for British Lepidoptera and Coleoptera (many local species).—GEO. B. WALSH, 6 Laneaster Road, Linthorpe, Middles- brough, England. Exotic Lepidoptera. ERNEST SWINHOE, 6 Sunterstone Ro. | ondon, Eng. 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Entomological Supplies and Specimens. North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. ' Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora- tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes, Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, etc. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO,, 55 Stuyvesant Ave., near DeKalb Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y. Price List of Lepidoptera No. 6, Classification according to Smith’s List, 1903, e Price List of Coleoptera No. 2, | Complete new List of Entomological Supplies. List of School requisites, Collections, Mimicry, Dimorphism, Polymorphism, Biological specimens and materials, etc. Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the new improved Metal Cabinet for holding them; Insect Cabinets and Exhibition Cases. The Am. Ent. Co.’s Insect Pins, which are now adopted by the most prominent Entomologists. EXLbow Pins in various styles. Price List 10 cents (requests for List without remittance will receive no attention) ; mailed free to our patrons. All previous lists cancelled. Che VOL 192 Relt—Two new; Gall-mites ost 52 Soc ye ca se ot ose Rang ae nje hinlee we a 194 Ball—Additions to the Jassid fauna of N. America ................... ...5: 197 Pearsall—A new Geometrid genus and specieS..............0.2ee00220002+, 205 | Bowditch—Correction of Name in Diabrotica................000-025222.2+- 207 | Cockerell—Some insects from Steamboat Springs, Colo., III............... 208 Girault—The essential characteristics of Prestwiehia aquatica.............. 209 Beutenmuller—Two new species of Cynipid@........0 0.0.0.6... ccc eee ee eeee 211 Wey Peg ek 2 Ws Og ee pee ete an pe ae AS er a egy eee ees aegn Os 204-212 EDITED BY DR. E. M. WALKER, BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO. Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. JUNE, 1911. LONDON : LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY. 1911. ! CONTENTS. McDunnough—The Nomenclature of the male Genitalia in Lepidoptera.... 181 = Ghe ERXCHANGEHS. Subscribers are tnvited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. GEOMETRID#&.—Will collect insects of any order in exchange for North American Geometers, named or unnamed.—ALBERT F. WINN, 32 Springfield Ave., Westmount, Que. WANTED.—For cash or good exchange, live females or fertile ova of Sphinges, Versicolor, Pandorus, Achemon, Bicolor. I can supply fertile ova of hybrid Actias Selene-Lune, and possibly of Antherea Mylitta.—JAMEsS L. MITCHELL, 212 Indiana Trust Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. . A. MEIK, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta, India, sends out Indian insects in all orders. Live cocoonsa_ specialty. Small reptiles, fishes in spirit and Tebitian curios. Postage stamps exchanged. WANTED.—Addresses of reliable collectors or dealers in Florida, Texas, New Mexico and California for the exchange or purchase of local Lepidoptera.— CARLO ZEIMET, 170 William St., New York. WANTED.—A few living females of Biston ursarius and B. cognataria. These will travel quite safely alive. Offered: Very fine Parnassius discobolos, P. romanovi, P. apollonius, P. depphius, P. actius, P. mnemosyne, P. var. nubilosus, P. var. gigantea, etc., etc. Please write now.—-J. W. H. HARRISON, 181 Abingdon Rd., Middlesboro’, England. WILL NAME and return Coleoptera in certain families for No. Am, Buprestidze and Cicindelidze. Duplicates for exchange.—C. A. FRosT, 40 Grant St., South Framingham, Mass. WANTED.—To exchange, a lot Of books and pamphlets on entomology (Coleop., Lepid., Mussels) for R. B. Hough’s ‘‘ Trees of the Northern United States and Canada.” For further information, write: Wm. H. BROADWELL, 571 Hawthorne Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Papers on North American Entomology not in my library, in exchange or for cash. Have many duplicate papers on insects. W. BEUTEN- MULLER, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York. ORTHOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA from Iowa; will exchange in series or from lists. Correspondence invited.—M. P. Somes, Iowa City, Iowa. CRANE FLiEs (Tipulida) wanted from any locality in North America, but especially from the far North. Will give in exchange Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, or pay cash.—Dr. W. G. DiETz, Hazelton, Pa. WANTED.—Egegs of the genus Catocala, for cash or in exchange for pupz of Colosamis angulifera and other species of Lepidoptera.—FRANK KOLER, 17 Seymour St., Hartford, Conn. EUROPEAN COLEOPTERA, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Decapods, Crusta- ceans, rare minerals, fossils of all grades, shells terrestrial, fluviatile and marine, and prehistoric objects, cffered in exchange for specimens of a similar kind. Send lists and particulars.—A. DucHAussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferi- eure, France. ~ POLYPHYLLA VARIOLOSA offered in exchange.—Have you fine specimens or this rare N. A. beetle in your collection? If not, send me a list of not over twenty rare species that you can offer in exchange. My supply of specimens is limited. —PHILIp LAURENT, 31 East-Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. Micro-LEPIDOPTERA.—Wanted, Coleophora species, with larva cases and full data (including name of food: pleat: for exchange or cash.—W. WILD, 3690 Walnut St. East, Aurora, N. Y. Exotic Lepidoptera At very low prices. Catalogues gratis. Pupz and cocoons from South Africa and India. Please send your list of desiderata. Poteet ee ee IC.” BS. GG REE ee Victoriastrasse 105, Breslau XIII, GERMANY. “PSYCHE” — An /Ifustrated Journal Published by the of Entomology CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLCGICAL CLUB Appears bi-monthly, and contains articles dealing with all aspects of entomology. Sample copy on request. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. Addiess : BUSSY INSTITUTION, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Forest Hiils, Boston, Mass. SUBERIT , “water.” Superior to Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Ete. ———? In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard spots ; price 25 cents per square foot. Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand. The above prices include postage. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario, ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. Se eee It rE Ss coe eet art aioe a Gis ooo ws wee ob ete oe ee $I oo For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States.............. 1 00 BOLEASSUETIIE EN TeRTDETSe SC WHOLE | fk sos ees cc Bot aN ois Gi wes ongoenw cael doeeeia eee 1 25 The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year, ADVERTISING RATHS: Payable Strictly in Advance. For each insertion, per inch, 75c. For six montks or over, 60c. per month. YEARLY CONTRACTS : One- men... :: ee ee Cr gts $6 of). Hall: pase7x. eee Sr ee ee $18 oo DIGATICE- Pa ee Se oo ok ES ee 10. 06-5. Wholejoage7s. 3 aah eee 30 00 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Ontario, Canada a ae FS Fae | ‘The Kny-Scheerer Company hs SS Sisers ee F Le | Department of tans Geka area - NewYork,U.S.A., Natural Science. f : > 404-410 W. 27th St., | G. LaGalt, Ph. D. Ninth Ave. Paris Pan-American Exposition Exposition: Eight Awards Gold and Medals. Medal. Pholus vitis. St. Louis Exposition: Grand Prize and Gold Medal. Entomological Supplies and Specimens. North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora- tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes, Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, etc. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO., 55 Stuyvesant Ave., near DeKalb Ave., BROOKLYN, N. Y. Price List of Lepidoptera No. 6, Classification according to Smith’s List, 1903. Price List of Coleoptera No. 2, Complete new List of Entomological Supplies, List of School requisites, Collections, Mimicry, Dimorphism, Polymorphism, Biological specimens and materials, etc. Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the new improved Metal Cabinet for holding them ; Insect Cabinets and Exhibition Cases. The Am. Ent. Co.’s Inseet Pins, which are now adopted by the most prominent Entomologists. JELbOwW Pins in various styles. Price List 10 cents (requests for List without remittance will receive no attention) ; mailed free to our patrons. | | All previous lists cancelled. Che Canadian Entomologist VOLUME XLITI. NO. CONTENTS. Swaine—New: species ofl pidzens< a rcs teks San a owen cee wc cb cewaeseceess 213 Grossbeck—A new Canadian Geometer .............. 00-0 ec ec ee ee cee ceeees 225 Bucne—On- Halohatopsis Begintins: ..-2- caec wend ota ce Sa teenies Gov eecbe 226 Dod —Notes. on Alberta Lepidopteta: 2554 a0 550656 2 fnew weces Ss deat bo eon eee Van Duzee—Diptera taken at Kearney, Ont... ............0. 00-0 cece ee eee 237 Heath—Capture of Lepidoptera at Cartwright, Man....................... 245 Pearsall— Geometridz as yet undescribed... ....... 0.0... cc eee e cece eeeeeees 200 Bethune—fhe-late Dr. S. Hi Sendder.c |. cos ccc oRoncnws te wswe cee Seba 20S Schaeffer—Sphzeridium bipustulatus.. 2.0.0.0... 5.0.0 eee eee cece cece eens ee 204 epukt —— Ae tieng Peripatetic Sa atthe hws «tev Soe wide aod s Sepa e tee OOO Bae RIN TS Ee Sa SE Bisa © ee aie eg nt i ot ea 2 Sac a Sree 256 EDITED BY DR. E. M. WALKER, BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO. Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. JULY, 1911. LONDON : “. LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY,’ 1911. $$ $$$ EXCHANGES. Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. WANTED.—For cash or in exchange, fertile eggs or living females of Parasemia plantaginis and their varieties. Also eggs or females of Apantesis species, except arge and nais.—M, ROTHKE, 1957 Myrtle St., Scranton, Pa. GEOMETRID.—Will collect insects of any order in exchange for North American Geometers, named or unnamed.—ALBERT F. WINN, 32 Springfield Ave., Westmount, Que. WANTED.—For cash or good exchange, live females or fertile ova of Sphinges, Versicolor, Pandorus, Achemon, Bicolor. I can supply fertile ova of | hybrid Actias Selene-Lune, and possibly of Antherea Mylitta.—JAMEs L. MITCHELL, 212 Indiana Trust Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. A. MEIK, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta, India, sends out Indian insects in all orders. Live cocoonsa_ specialty. Small reptiles, fishes in spirit and Tebitian curios. Postage stamps exchanged. WANTED.—Addresses of reliable collectors or dealers in Florida, Texas, New Mexico and California for the exchange or purchase of local Lepidoptera.— CARLO ZEIMET, 170 William St., New York. WANTED.—A few living females of Biston ursarius and B. cognataria. These will travel quite safely alive. Offered: Very fine Parnassius discobolos, P, romanovi, P. apollonius, P. depphius, P. actius, P. mnemosyne, P. var. nubilosus, P. var. gigantea, etc., etc. Please write now.—J. W. H. HARRISON, 181 Abingdon Rd., Middlesboro’, England. WILL NAME and return Coleoptera in certain families for No. Am. Buprestidze and Cicindelidze. Duplicates for exchange.—C. A. Frost, 4o Grant St., South Framingham, Mass. WANTED.—To exchange, a lot Of books and pamphlets on entomology (Coleop., Lepid., Mussels) for R. B. Hough’s ‘‘ Trees of the Northern United States and Canada.” For further information, write: Wm. H. BROADWELL, 571 Hawthorne Ave., Newark, N. J. WANTED.—Papers on North American Entomology not in my-library, in exchange or for cash. Have many duplicate papers on insects. W. BEUTEN- MULLER, Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., New York. ORTHOPTERA AND COLEOPTERA from Iowa; will exchange in series or from lists. Correspondence invited.—M. P. Somes, Iowa City, Iowa. CRANE FLIEs (Tipulidz) wanted from any locality in North America, but especially from the far North. Will give in exchange Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, or pay cash.—Dr. W. G. DiETz, Hazelton, Pa. WANTED.—Eggs of the genus Catocala, for cash or in exchange for pupz of Colosamis angulifera and other species of Lepidoptera.—FRANK KOLER, 17 Seymour St., Hartford, Conn. EUROPEAN COLEOPTERA, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Decapods, Crusta-. ceans, rare minerals, fossils of all grades, shells terrestrial, fluviatile and marine, and prehistoric objects, offered in exchange for specimens of a similar kind. Send lists and particulars.x—A. DucHaussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferi- eure, France. POLYPHYLLA VARIOLOSA offered in exchange.—Have you fine specimens ot this rare N. A. beetle in your collection? If not, send me a list of not over twenty rare species that you can offer in exchange. My supply of specimens - is limited.— PHILIP LAURENT, 31 East Mt. Airy Ave., Philadelphia, Penn. Exotic Lepidoptera At very low prices. Catalogues gratis. Pupz and cocoons from South Africa and India. Please send your list of desiderata. Pieewae yee ond Be. Ge EEL EN Victoriastrasse 105, Breslau XIII, GERMANY. An IIlustrated Journal Published by the of Entomology CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB Appears bi-monthly, and contains articles dealing with all aspects of entomology. Sample copy on request. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. Address: BUSSY INSTITUTION, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. SUBERIT , *watera. Superior to Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Ete. In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard spots ; price 25 cents per square foot. Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand. The above prices include postage. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario, ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. ceepee Apert ee WP CNTIEES 2 1a) 2 vee tg Ria eae os Sia re OS Se oes Fe yee oe Swe beets $I 00 For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States.............. I co ORR SSOCIALe: BECUIDEES CISEWNETE «hs oo Seis soe cia os oc ole ww See ee oa 0 ae os abe wie 1 25 The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year. ADVERTISING RATES: Payable Strictly in Advance. For each insertion, per inch, 75c. |For six montks or over, 60c. per month. YEARLY CONTRACTS : eg SS he ree $6 60 “alial® paces is: a3 MITCHELL, 212 Indiana Trust Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. A. MEIK, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta, India, sends out Indian insects in all orders. Live cocoonsa specialty. Small reptiles, fishes in spirit and Tebitian curios, Postage stamps exchanged. WaNTED.—A few living females of Biston ursarius and B. cognataria. These will travel quite safely alive. Offered: Very fine Parnassius discobolos, P. romanovi, P. apollonius, P. depphius, P. actius, P. mnemosyne, P. var. nubilosus, P. var. gigantea, etc., etc. Please write now.—J. W. H. Harrison, 181 Abingdon Rd., Middlesboro’, England. WILL NAME and return Coleoptera in certain families for No. Am. Buprestidz and Cicindelidz. Duplicates for exchange.—C. A. Frost, 40 Grant St., South Framingham, Mass, EUROPEAN COLEOPTERA, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Decapods, Crusta- ceans, rare minerals, fossils of all grades, shells terrestrial, fluviatile and marine, and prehistoric objects, offered in exchange for specimens of a similar kind. Send lists and particulars.—A. DucHAussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine-Inferi eure, France, Exotic Lepidoptera At very low prices. Catalogues gratis. Pupz and cocoons from South Africa and India. Please send your list of desiderata. ree he re, Sad. B. GR ALLEN Victoriastrasse 105, Breslau XIII, GERMANY. PSYCHE” An Illustrated Journal Published by the of Entomology CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB Appears bi-monthly, and contains articles dealing with all aspects of entomology. Sample copy on request. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. Address: BUSSY INSTITUTION, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Forest Hills, Boston, Mass. BUBE RIT) eacaal Superior to Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Ete. In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard spots ; price 25 cents per square foot. Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand. The above prices include postage. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario, ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. oo BETES FUE ON SR OEE ee Go) OA A ee $1 oo For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States: Er PM ee ieee I oo Graserewe Mlemibrrs ClseWHErC son sd. as tn es eee cates codis oes cans eee I 25 The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year. ADVERTISING RATES: Payable Strictly in Advance. For each insertion, per inch, 75c. For six montks or over, 60c. per month. YEARLY CONTRACTS : DIS ey a7 i ge $6 00., Half page c! 2. &.\. sae eae $18 00 Sattels Pate re Ac, si. 1000 =. Whole: page, “2c 1225 ee ee ae 30 00 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Ontario, Canada The Kny-Scheerer Company New York,U.S.A., 404-410 W. 27th St., Ninth Ave. Department of Natural Science. |G. LAGAI, Ph. D. Paris Pan-American Exposition Exposition: Eight Awards Gold and Medals. Medal. Pholus vitis. St. Louis Exposition: Grand Prize and Gold Medal. Entomological Supplies and Specimens. North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora- tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses of insects. +. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes, Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, etc. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO,, Main Office, 55 Stuyvesant Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Factories: 1785 Bergen St.; 936 DeKalb Ave. Telephone 1746 Bushwick. Insect Catalogue No. 7 Just Issued. Price 25 cents to parties not on our books for the last two years. 5 cents postage must accompany every application for insect cata- logue. Supply catalogue gratis on application. List of school requisites, collections: Mimicry, dimorphism, polymorphism. Biological specimens and materials, etc., etc., etc. Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the new improved metal cabinet for holding the same. Insect cabinets and exhibition cases. American Entomological Company’s Insect Pins, which are now adopted by most of the prominent entomologists. Elbow Pins in various styles. All previous lists cancelled. Che anadian Gutomologis pew eA He xX LITT. No. 12. CONTENTS. Dod—Further Notes on Alberta Lepidoptera ......... ... 0.0... eee ese eee 393 McDermott—Light-emission of American Lampyrid&........ ..........-. 599 Second International Congress of Entomology....................0200000e 406 Girndt—— 1 he Genus ArtHrolytns 220. Sere he eh Lok oe wasculo areh ce sie he «> 407 Davis—Netes; eti:twoConocephalids, .00 ei ae... elec bale nee Ve spe ages 413 Crosby—A ‘néw*species: of Derostenus <2... 002. j eo. ee eee Taft Soe SEA 414 Bowditch—Further Notes on Diabrotica ........0. 00. ccc ce ee eee Ms Yothers—Perillus’claudus a- beneficial insect ..3..200..0.0..00. bec ee ee woes 418 Lyman—North American species of Grapta in the British Museum ...... 418 Fyles—Gnorimoschema septentrionella, n. sp.......... 0.22.2 ee ce ee eee eee 422 Batsamoloceal. paciery of America). 9066 ...4. Sole) ea odes Sn 422 TT (ERE a RS RSE hy Pee Be a a AiO A Rel oi oe DOA OR Oe I: 5. EDITED BY DR. #. M. WALKER, BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO. Editor Emeritus : REY2C..j..S. BETHUNE. DECEMBER, 19I1. LONDON : LONDON PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING COMPANY, 1911. EXCHANGES. Subscribers are invited to make liberal use of this column. Notices over three lines are liable to be shortened if necessary. All insertions free to subscribers. LEPIDOPTERA and finely inflated larvze to exchange for desirable material.- — JOSEF MATTES, 742 peenetee Ave., New York. To EXCHANGE. ar Wright’s Butterflies of the West Coast,’ "an nia te copy, in fine condition, for Hough’s Trees of the No. U. S. and Can.’ —W. H. Broap- WELL, 57! Hawthorn Ave. : Newark, Nii ‘ WANTED.—Egg masses oe Malacosoma disstria, M. fragilis, M. pluvialis, M. erosa, M. californica, etc., or of other species. Offered: Fine Garnassii from Turkestan, Erebia glacialis, E. ceto, E. medusa, E. cryphyte, etc., Satyrus briseis, Melitzea deione, M. berisalii, Apaturn iris, A. iole, A. clytie, etc. Also Catocala eggs.—J. W. H. HARRISON, 181 Abingdon Rd., England. LEPIDOPTERA. — Diurnals, Sphingidz and Notodorgtidz to dispose of. Write for list.—A. J. CROKER, 1045 McClure St., Victoria, B. C. NOcTURNAL LEPIDOPTERA.—Perfect fresh mounted specimens trom this locality offered for exchange.—FRED. MARLOFF, Oak Station, Allegheny Co., Penn., U.S. A. For EXCHANGE, 350 species of Coleoptera for native or exotic specimens — new to my collection. List on application.—EMIL LILJEBLAD, 1018 Roscoe St., Chicago, IIl. . INFORMATION WANTED as to an efficient way for removing scales and hairs from the legs of Lepidoptera without risk of injury to spurs or spines. —F. H. WOoLLEy Dop, Millarville, Alberta. IDENTIFIED PHILIPPINE LEPIDOPTERA in papers for sale at collectors’ prices A few to exchange.—O. B. BURRELL, Lamao, Bataan, Philippine Islands. WaANTED.—For cash or in exchange, fertile eggs or living females or Parasemia plantaginis and their varieties. Also eggs or females of Apantesis species, except arge and nais.—M. ROTHKE, 1957 Myrtle St., Scranton, Pa. GEOMETRID#.—Will collect insects of any order in exchange for North American Geometers, named or unnamed.—ALBERT F. WINN, 32 Springfield Ave., Westmount, Que. WANTED.—For cash or good exchange, live females or fertile ova of Sphinges, Versicolor, Pandorus, Achemon, Bicolor. I can-supply fertile ova of hybrid Actias Selene-Lune, and possibly of Antherea Mylitta.—JAMEs L. MITCHELL, 212 Indiana Trust Building, Indianapolis, Indiana. A. MEIK, 4 Convent Road, Entally, Calcutta, India, sends out Indian insects in all orders. Live cocoonsa_ specialty. Small reptiles, fishes in spirit and Tebitian curios. Postage stamps exchanged. WANTED.—A few living females of Biston ursarius and B. cognataria. These will travel quite safely alive. Offered: Very fine Parnassius discobolos, P. romanovi, P. apollonius, P. depphius, P. actius, P. mnemosyne, P. var. nubilosus, P. var. gigantea, etc., etc. Please write now.—J. W. H. HARRISON, 181 Abingdon Rd., Middlesboro’, England. . EUROPEAN COLEOPTERA, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Decapods, Crusta- ceans, rare minerals, fossils of all grades, shells terrestrial, fluviatile and marine, and prehistoric objects, offered in exchange for specimens of a similar kind. Send lists and particulars.—A. DucHAussoy, Caudebec-les-Elbeuf, Seine- Inferi eure, France. - Exotic Lepidoptera At very low prices. Catalogues gratis. Pupe and cocoons from South Africa and India. Please send your list of_ desiderata. Dhol Ce anid “B.. GH HiZes Victoriastrasse 105, Breslau XIII, GERMANY. “PSYCHE” An Illustrated Journal Published by the of Entomology CAMBRIDGE ENTOMOLOGICAL CLUB Appears bi-monthly, and contains articles dealing with all aspects of entomology. Sample copy on request. Subscription price, $1.50 per year. Address: _BUSSY INSTITUTION, HARVARD UNIVERSITY Forest Hiils, Boston, Mass. SUBERIT , *warzaiat.' Superior to. Cork, for Lining Cabinets, Ete. In sheets 12 x6x 3/16 in. ; smooth surface, free from holes or hard spots ; price 25 cents per square foot. Black Japanned Pins, Nos. 1 to 6, in packets of 500, $1.25 per thousand. The above prices include postage. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Published by the Entomological Society of Ontario, ANNUAL FEES OF MEMBERSHIP. pe ENEICIETIO NG 1 eg Ae Ie. esp coh wis o's se vie se At 5,00 a ee eta oe $1 00 For Associate Members in Great Britain and the United States........... es RO emeeeeianes NCINDETS CISCWHIETE « «3... 55 5 oes - 5 oo. os ww 0 ad wis o> bam wo Ware 1 25 The Fees are payable in advance on the Ist of January in each year. ADVERTISING RATES: Payable Strictly in Advance. For each insertion, per inch, 75c. For six montks or over, 60c. per month. YEARLY CONTRACTS : 5 TSE Sr ee $600 ..t “Hall names es!: san ae ae ae $18 00 Seunmeen pare. sk... ol see 10.00 ”-:Whole page. ... 4...’ Ase Rae 30 00 ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIET3 OF ONTARIO, Guelph, Ontario, Canada (A a A SE NES SS RT NN ERR SE The Kny-Seheerer Company New York,U.S.A.,. | ) 404-410 W. 27thSt., Ninth Ave. Department of Natural Science. G. LAGAI, Ph. D. Paris Pan-American | Exposition Exposition: | Eight Awards Gold and Medals. Medal Pholus vitis. i St. Louis Exposition: Grand Prize and Gold Medal. Entomological Supplies and Specimens. North American and exotic insects of all orders in perfect condition. Single specimens and collections illustrating mimicry, protective colora- tion, dimorphism ; collections of representatives of the different orders of insects, etc. Series of specimens illustrating insect life, colour variations, Metamorphoses of insects. We manufacture all kinds of insect boxes and cases (Schmitt insect boxes, Lepidoptera boxes, etc.), cabinets, nets, insect pins, forceps, etc. Riker specimen mounts at reduced prices. Catalogues and circulars free on application. Rare insects bought and sold. AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL CO,, Main Office, 55 Stuyvesant Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Factories: 1785 Bergen St.; 936 DeKalb Ave. Telephone 1746 Bushwick. Insect Catalogue Wo. 7 Just Issued, Price 25 cents to parties not on our books for the last two years. 5 cents postage must accompany every application for insect cata- logue. Supply catalogue gratis on application. List of school requisites, collections: Mimicry, dimorphism, polymorphism. Biological specimers and materials, etc., etc., etc. | }| Manufacturers of the only genuine Schmitt Insect Boxes and the new } improved metal cabinet for holding the same. Insect | | cabinets and exhibition cases. | American Entomological Company’s Insect Pins, which are now adopted by most of the prominent entomologists. Elbow Pins in various styles. All previous lists cancelled. MBL ARY WHOI LIBR | Finy yee ou et RT saat: oatrw ene ot om *otats ohaee See ee +4, me i atatstateten ste? ats 5% th +, 45%. atti teta ete te eee « Oates esos ejee seit lesen hey pts tata ta tetate tet state Ps IG + 6 6 abe ee 6 4%s oe * " * +. Hg ued ~ ee. x ae ra ns Siena 2 OM te ee tee eo be a Se ae 2 $98, 6 8.4 etatehetatctercrates nD “+ +e eo be ew le a * PPtL ta o> Sale eS ow in aa im, an . a @ a Y eee 2 oe , ee a2 ata Mad Oe ee pote ns geneberecry ra cstat Ce ye ie ‘~ 2 % ttt : 7 oe y! st? ’ tates 4.4 4. ‘ CJ ute e one Tp ee ie Meets sig tg ata nee Ca em 0 ote 0 ee ae he P , oi Ge eG te ee ~ + ” CF a Cx > | me ppatee tea teat bn Sas ns Ure ieee ee eT FA tee ti Oe e+, ; x ee un, , Fy oe" e aris teh x , ee 2 ei “8 4 ee, ie: Hn he ee ee 24, oe Oe ee @ { oe 4 . We. *.?. . ~* be. ” 4 5 i" BE EN PR NL NH AE A Hi hy Pf SA eh Th Me 4 4 he “tt he i. oe ee ee ee » @ &.% *, J tp le fe | & ¥ te be de me ot Se sa ee on . le ele te eo Ye in 42) “0 #, ere La . tee - 1 Be “ * > o & 48° bod As, bi sal Nae he el Me ti ia tle a > Hy n Ja Ae hos ’ “ee aa ayy EO e , bh Co Pie M, » bo ew x ee ob ‘ te, oe os -_* 6 ve r ot ee op “Ss ay *~ “a * . HE Ze, eos 2 %.@ hd ‘eres. ys Py ete te Sites Xe, “otha hia enw ert ee phatetytcegratabetet ed we hd YM, P42 es ” Bs Ps KY, it Pe at eh Sie +e eo ® @ 4 = ee i a> hte ‘te wou © + ee em am Ae, ie ie ee ee ie ie le Pei ee & oh te ips ie -* , ie tp Oe ee oe a e~