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Pe Ns esi whom tay © te - we See a A as ae RR nt GD TONE, “amy tne Phswccariy ep ; hal ve a itis itiagl ad Aadihemikiaha, Selene 1s ce < ot Nod oH Fa Iwata ey oes ani pels haan ai bnitina hcoet e e b dbeksSnceaienelinetendh ame inde tein ae = nam serengbadta it a oar eneaaes ars ae Gai ites ae Sed heey Sepa heater epergaaraaiona aar a ae RTO et, Ree mR, Om s * a nciedihinpatntaniress St Anretiag etl acts ‘ ~ 5 - rere re ih arse es “oti Teg ina Ep ha PWN ae peices ee ee ee ites ? a . - elma panned Teng aie eS as 7 f a epi aN aS oe nthe me v ab yesren Uaiineiene Ap aeovlnce aie seein C ealahals a Sennpied icy " “ Mala aie rptee ror her i ty, ie : Base rg " aed ts “e" Made Pttllaph enaaaeetindantecma tne 2 anions flan aruiibaibeensepaimaede icine 5 A aa 9 Poth tg a Src teryaceet : Soe cae ; : Sg ae DC cay oo SA ta me S ene a 7A ane ie ert pees ered age gentiogie dh ee ee TT engenaeeets oka 7 mn < jie tee ee we te Scaaaaieaced pr ten 9 a iis euenianziitainanigeiinal tans domes s Shae ch eliamnemanteetetennnae: 2 Se NR Nia Wyo ADEs eipcd Ne epee aaron een ~ - St me 9 OT ae AR Np ENE LV AAPM IE ah a PN A AAR NA het" en IE Gane ago ene Se pcatailaboeetineiets Anaettiae uae mn OD A fa E eat Sis Ee Oana are POW nn rote IK Ay Prete mi gang My ae Seiichi datinp denier ati 2taactliaiaes LOL Tay Ea ae) Samm en liins -r sw — CO hie ark main Wienges TRIE AAA a eek ie Hy “ay ehieinens p- : wa irae : WANE Mee ae ee en ee ee 2s _ ahtel pak etad Sout Soyo etpeun etic Mi tng ta gg wee . oti ftoca ins Dat iw cP RP AE a ar NO etree eorye—e : ni Presented to Che Hibrary r of the University of Toronto by E.M. Walker E Ohe Canadian Cntomologist if O< — L. o VOLUME XLVIII. 1916. EDITED BY DR. E. M. WALKER, Biological Department, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE. ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH, ONT. London, Ontario: ‘The London Printing and Lithographing Company Limited 1916 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. XLVIIL. ALDRICH, PROF, J. M., U. S. Bureau of Entomology.......-0...-...0040.-- Wasuinaton, D. C, ALEXANDER, DR. CHAS. P., Cornell-University : IrHaca, N. ¥e ALEARD. Bs Ass bl Ss Depts Aericleare ics a5 os oy pcs thses ase satensen eho senatte WASHINGTON, D. C. BAKER, A. C., U. S. Bureau of Entomology. 02.0... coicceccesccceeeseeeteecteneeee WASHINGTON, D. C. BAKER, A. W., Ontario Agricultural College ; GUELPH, ONT.” BALL, E. D., Utah Agricultural Experiment Station...........0.0.00.... ee Re LOGAN, UTAH. “BANKS, DR. NATHAN, Museum of Comparative Zoology.........2..:...... CAMBRIDGE, Mass. Eg OME bp SG ORE a NR ERR See kien pee Conrane area i [rears PRN Decatur, ILL. BETHUNE, REV. PROF. C. J. S., Ontario Agricultural College........... GUELPH, ONT. BST ION MUSTER, WIM esis geaghacupsnsetsod adie ag Basceokon BON Conk ab aes tapenade San Bronx, N.Y. iN, FRM BW sii heres a. Ak eee ee Rye, N. Y. g Pe A PEE AS YOU g: Mohs nad pass Su'ncius sj cccanaca sean tapig berets SPSS oat neki ee nyse otal INDIANAPOLIS, IND. BRAUN, MISS ANNETTE F........00.0... FR i NE SPE tp Mey Hees a! CINCINNATI, O. BRITTAIN, PROF. WM. H., College of Agriculture..................5... Truro, N. S. BRUES, PROF. C. T.;. Bussey Institution. «.)....05..60.00..2.00.ccceccstsecncetceseess Forest HILts, ‘Mass. . CAESAR, PROF. LAWSON, Ontario Agricultural College...................... GUELPH, ONT. POOR COL, TPS Bagi ois chaos coed ocean saat bets aga aan deta ase WASHINGTON, D. C. COCKERELL, PROF. T. D. A., University of Colorado. roy ont cee ees BouLpER, COL. COSENS, DR. A., Parkdale Collegiate Institute...........c..c.cccccesecscseseveeteses TORONTO, ONT. CRIDDLE, NORMAN, Dominion Entomological Laboratory .............. TREESBANK, MAN. DEARNESS, PROB, JOE ..5:cc-05.ccsccesipinsiyiceiphadscomacesiancetoncareatmvedcress Lonpon, ONT. DOD BIO WOLE ey istecesghiads adadaaenels aaaciccsaca cease MIpNApPorE, ALTA. RNOTNAE | Fest hans sede cases Rid ncntaadanabeta bea ana ptiad sac bnieatVis soa lca Penns Sotdanva co ered New York, N.Y. FELT, DR. Fo. PiING Ye State MURR aM. 55 na ces cies tossscnty cageaon=ispheapay gpiedoantonss AxvgBany, N. Y. FERRIS, G..F., Stanford University .ic..2...csccsssssisscscscccsssseeees STANFORD UNIv., CAL. FRENCH, G. H.. 4 a CARBONDALE, ILL. PRR IAADOS Ag Msg A auis severe hgtraonste nie salirtnonfl¥-avashuinatecastaphecctareaculirnsouiubventesahes .FRAMINGHAM, Mass. BIS, Reg BAe WV wk aaein sed cha hh panaeseusbgedbhn hacevvonipe Waneognetinarecte PPE Reais A OTTAWA, ONT, GIBSON, ARTHUR, Entomological Branch, Dept. Agriculture............. Otrawa, ONT. GIBSON, EDMUND H., U. S. Bureau of Entomology..............0cc::ccee WASHINGTON, D. C. -GIRAULT, A. A., U. S. Bureau of Entomology... WASHINGTON, D. C. AOD CA: Camere Of BP aCTICULS. «555: .ssbesvaiccacoutsas enasdbuccetscaninvssssivenersses Truro, N.S. GOODERHAM, C. H., College of Agriculture............0..ccccsccccesseresesneseeeees Truro, N.S. HEWITT, DR. C. GORDON, Entomological Branch, Dept. Agri......... Ottawa, ONT, HOLLINGER, A. H., University of Missouri... j Co_umsiA, Mo. HOOD, J. S., U. S. Biological Survey............ i WASHINGTON, D. C. + KNIGHT, Fi: HB: ; Meld Laboratory ii cnc nnn dents aaeneGorkipa nc Batavia, N. Y. McDUNNOGGH: DR Fi.4.05. 42a ab noe ee ha ieee nea Decatur, ILL. MORRIS, FRANCIS, 2), Aaa itis ace teieranske ose Qtayoe ear pabegsboe stgsesb aster PETERBOROUGH, ONT. - NEEDHAM, PROF, J. G., Cornell University..........ccessees Beye {ituaca, N. Y.. PARKER, R.'R., State Board of Entomology............c:ccccccccscsedeseeseeeeereees BozEMAN, MONT. ROHWER, Ss, A., UlS."Betreau of Entomology. ......cc.scssccccssessesssesessessensees WASHINGTON, D. C. ROSS, W. A., Dominion Entomological Laboratory............ccscseeeeeseees VINELAND STATION, ONT. SLADEN, F/ W.L., Central Experimental Farm..........c.cccescsesenees Ottawa, ONT, SMITH, MISS LUCW W., Cornell University.........csecsssecssenecneteneereees ITHacA, N. Y. ‘SMITH, M- R., Clemson OM Red Sacer nidhe acho a csghene cong eee en ooiy CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. Cc. SWAINE, I. My, Eritomological Branch, Dept. Agriculture..................: OTTAWA, ONT. . SWETT, LOUIS 2 MPO RES WEsT SOMERVILLE, Mass. . THEOBALD, PROF. F. vi, University of London..........ccccccccccsseeceeecnssaees Lonpon, ENG. TIMBERLAKE, P. H., U. S. Bureau of Entomology................. ues WASHINGTON, D. C, TOWNSEND, CHAS: H. T., U. S. Bureau of Entomology WASHINGTON, D. C. VAN DUZEE, M. C..).d.e0-00 BurFA.o, N. Y. WALKER, E. M., University of Toronto... : .. TORONTO, ONT. WEISS, HARRY B., N. J Agricultural College... &f-- tee: New BruNsWwIck, N. J. WINN, ALBERT F.......... Abdomen with pollen changing to gray well down on sides’ the specimen shows no adaptations for depositing eggs or larve; second segment with a pair of median marginal bristles; third with a marginal row of 8, and some coarse hairs in the place of a discal pair; fourth with a row of 8 on the middle and a few irregular smaller ones at hind margin. Legs black, middle tibia with one spine on outer front side below middle; hind tibia on outer side behind with an uneven row ' of small bristles, two near the middle being larger. Wings hyaline, veins yellow on basal half; first posterior cell open rather near apex, as far from it as one-third the distance separating tips of second and third veins; third vein with 2 or three hairs at base; fourth vein with angle rather abruptly rounded, not appendi- culate; hind cross-vein sinuous, nearer to bend than to anterior — cross-vein. | Length 7 mm.; of wing, 6 mm. : One female, Wabamic, Ontario, collected by H. S. Parrish, Aug. 5, 1915; deposited in the Canadian National Museum. I see no difficulty about referring the species to this genus, aside from the fact that the “‘cilia,”’ or exterior row of bristles, on the hind tibia, are somewhat coarse and uneven. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 23 NOTES ON CHRYSOTIMUS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES (DIPTERA). BY M. C. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO, N. Y. I took two of these little flies in Northern Ontario, one at Kearney and the other at Brulé Lake on the first and second of a August, 1911. They are both males, and are no doubt the male of Loew’s Chrysotimus delicatus, agreeing with his description in having the antenne black, palpi yellow, and the posterior cross-vein before the middle of the wing. . It seems to me that the males described by Prof. Wheeler (Psyche Vol. V, p. 375) as the male of C. pusio Loew should have been considered a distinct species, as both males and females that he took in Wisconsin had the first two antennal joints yellow, the third brown as is the case in C. concinnus Zett,an European species, but it is not likely that it is that species, as in concinnus the cross- vein is before the middle of the fifth vein, while in Wheeler’s specimens it is at or beyond the middle, if it answers Loew’s de- scription of pusio as he states,. I have not seen Wheeler's material and therefore cannot be sure that his specimens represent a new species. The males of this genus have the abdomen metallic green, while that of the female is mostly yellow. The hypopygium is conspicuous but scarcely bent under the abdomen; in all three species that I have seen it has a small, hairy, black appendage near the centre of the posterior edge The males of delicatus Loew that I took in Canada have the abdomen and thorax bright metallic green with coppery reflections and thin grayish pollen; the hypopygium brown, conspicuous but imbedded, forming a rounded tip to the abdomen, which projects in a point slightly below the venter. I took one male and three females at Colden, Erie Co , N. Y., Aug. 9th, 1914, which are no doubt the true C. pusio Loew. They have black antennz and brown palpi; the cross-vein is in the middle of the fifth vein as in the male of delicatus Loew, but appears a January, 1916 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST little nearer the tip of the wing, as the wing seems somewhat shorter. (This character is of little value in separating the species, as the difference is so slight that it would not be noticed without - - comparing the two). The male hypopygium is rather large and somewhat bent froward, projecting nearly half its length below the venter of the abdomen. I have received from Prof. J. M. Aldrich a male which evidently represents another species. I do not think it can be the same as the males Wheeler had. The following is a description of this species :— Chrysotimus flavicornis, n. sp. Male—Length1.7imm. Faceand front green with white pollen, which does not conceal the ground colour; ocellar tubercle blackish; palpi brown; antenne yellow (third joint missing in the type). Thorax pale green with bright. coppery reflections and thickly covered with grayish white pollen; prescutellar depression sharply defined; pleuree black with grayish pollen. Abdomen green with slightly coppery reflections and dulled with gray pollen; hairs and bristles of the thorax and abdomen yellow; hypopygium short, yellowish brown with a black appendage covered with rather long black hairs at the centre of the posterior side; venter yellow. Coxe and legs yellow. Tegulz, their cilia and the halteres yellow. Wings tinged with yellow; costa and veins yellow; third and fourth veins parallel beyond the cross-vein; apex of wing equidistant from the tips of the third and fourth veins; posterior cross-vein a little beyond the middle-of the fifth vein. Described from one male taken at Richmond Hill, L. I., N. Y., July 5th, by Mr Daecke. Type in the collection of Prof. J. M. Aldrich. The yellow antenne and thick pollen of the therax and abdo- men separate this form the two preceding species. It differs from Prof. Wheeler’s description of the supposed male of C. pusio Loew in lacking the vivid green of the thorax and pleure, the green of the dorsum of the thorax in this species being pale and scarcely shining, and the pleure being black. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ae NOTES ON TYPES OF LEPIDOPTERA IN SNOW COLLECTION: BY J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL. Through the courtesy of Prof..S.J. Hunter, I recently had the opportunity of examining the types of Lepidop era contained in the Snow Collection at. Lawrence, Kansas, and comparing with them specimens taken with me for that purpose. A list of these types is published in the Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., Vol. VIII (1), 1913, p. 28, and it is with the purpose of correcting a few errors _that have been introduced into this paper as well as offering some ° - synonymic notes on several of = species that I have undertaken this article. The types themselves either bear a large printed label “‘type or a label ‘‘type specimen, discovered by F. H. Snow,” with the locality and a red disk pinned below, but unfortunately, with but few exceptions, the actual name of the species is not attached to the specimen, but pinned alongside, as was formerly the case with Walker’s types in the British Museum. Up to the present no _ great harm has been done as the collection remains as arranged by Prof. Snow, but one can readily see what might happen if an energetic but unscientific student were set to rearranging the collection; the few exceptions noted above are mostly in the Geo- -metride and Pyralide, a ‘number of which bear Grote’s written type label. In the Noctuide most of the types are those of species described by Grote from material collected by Prof. Snow in Idaho Springs, Colo., and near Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, and types of nearly all of these species are stated by Hampson to be in the _ British Museum and bear Grote’s actual type label as I have personally verified. It would seem that whenever Grote received several specimens of one species he retained at least one to which a type label was affixed, but in the case of a unique this was returned to Prof. Snow. In view of this fact, it would be well.in my estima- tion to restrict the type to the British Museum specimen wherever we find types stated to be in both collections, and fortunately this will lead to no confusion, as in every such instance the species represented eh the two types is undoubtedly a single one. In January, 1916. %9 26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ‘cases where Prof. Smith in his Catalogue of Noctuide gives the types as being in the Snow and Neumeegen collections, we think that the Snow Collection should have the preference, Prof. Snow _ being the original collector. Concerning several species as Stee ' in Hunter’s list, the following notes may be of value:— Noctuide. Hadena burgessi Morr. - - This is not the type of burgessi Morr., but of discors Grt., described from Idaho Springs, Colo., in Proc. Kan. Acad. Sci. VII, 64; Prof. Snow had evidently rearranged the collection ac- cording to Smith’s Check List, in which discors Grt. is made a synonym of burgesst Morr., for the name burgessi Morr. stands alongside a series of three specimens, two of which are true burgessi from the East, and the third specimen bears the label ‘‘ Idaho Spgs., Colo.’”’ and the red disk beneath, and is without doubt the type of discors, agreeing with the original description in every particular. The species, discors, is however not a synonym of burgessi Morr., and is not even an Hadena, but belongs in the genus Anytus, with spined hind tibia, and will take priority over vinela Sm., described from Denver and Glenwood Spgs., Colo. We would call particular attention to the fact that the original description of discors Grt. distinctly states that the hind wings have a ‘“‘black, distinct, in- — 9 completely-broken terminal line,’’ and the thorax has “‘a fine line or collar and tegule lined with black,’’ which does not apply to - burgessi Morr.; various other points in the description of the primaries cannot apply to burgessi Morr., but do most distinctly apply to the Colorado Anytus. Oncocnemis major Grt. Under this name is a specimen bearing the label Oncocnemis curvicollis Grt. with red type disk, from Arizona; this may be one of the three originals from which the description was drawn up, but Smith states that the types of curvicollis are in the National -Museum, Neumecegen and Gref Collections; the matter will bear further investigation. The type of major Grt. is in the British Museum. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 Chorizagrotis terrealis Grt. ; sf The o& type with Grote’s handwritten type label affixed is in the collection; we have not been able to match it; Hampson’s figure from a drawing of a so-called ‘“‘type’’ in the Neumcegen- collection is poor and too contrasted; according to our notes the speciesis a dark indeterminate form with basal dash and slight dark shading .- between the usual spots; the s. t. line is almost obsolete. Euxoa verticalis Grt. The specimen in the collection cannot be considered a type, as it bears the label “Hot Springs, New Mex.,”’ whereas the type locality is Idaho Spgs., Colo.; it is, however, typical. The same | remarks would apply to Richia parentalis Grt. and decipiens Grt.; the true types of all three species are in thé British Museum. Geometridz. Emplecia inconstans Geyer. Under this heading is included the type specimen of cephisaria _ Grt.; the type of inconstans Geyer has, of course, long been lost, ; and the error is due to Prof. Snow’s peculiar system of labelling. Deilinia perpallidaria Grt. This cannot be considered the type, which was a co specimen from New Mexico (Snow), whereas the specimen in the Snow Collection, bearing a written label ‘‘ Thamnonoma perpallidaria, n. sp.,’’ is from Idaho Spgs., Colo., and a 9 ; besides this, it does not agree with Grote’s description, and is a Macaria species, I think. Where the true type is I do not know. Lychnosea helveolaria Hulst. _The type under this heading is that of aulularia Grt., which seems correctly placed as a synonym of helveolaria. Hyperitis indiscretata Hy. Edw. The 2 type of this species, labelled “ Tetracis indiscretata, type’’ by Hy. Edwards himself, proves to be a Sabulodes and the same species as that described by Strecker as Metanema vanusaria _ from a single 6, indiscretata taking priority over Strecker’s name. 28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The species is allied to arcasaria WIk., but the apical dark triangle at costal end of t. p. line is much narrower and the t.p. line is almost rigidly oblique; the @’s are considerably browner in colour than the 9°’s, which tend towards yellowish. Sabulodes imitata Hy. Edw. The 2 type bears Hy. Edward’s hand-written label, ‘‘Ante- _ pione imitata, type.’ It is closely related to the preceding species, but still more closely to arcasaria Wlk., the apical triangle being intermediate in width between arcasaria and indiscretata and the t. p. line bent as in the former species. Costinotata Tayl., judging by the & and @ cotypes from Prescott, Ariz. (not 2 2’s from Phoenix, Ariz., as stated in original description, vide Can. Ent..- XLIV, 275, 1912), becomes a synonym of this species. Pyralide. . Elophila avernalis Grt. ; The type specimen bears Grote’s written type label; this has been placed by Dr. Dyar in his revision of the Nymphulidez as Ab. a of fulicalis Clem. It turns out to be abundantly distinct. _ and the same species as that described by ourselves as Argyractis ? confusalis (1913 Cont. N. Hist. N. Am. Lep. IT (3) 133, Pl. VIII, fig. 11), which thus.becomes a synonym. The species was de- scribed from two specimens, so that the two cotypes (ex Coll. Fernald) from Hot Springs, Arizona (? New Mexico) which Dr. Dyar had before him at the time of the revision are probably spurious; one at least must be, which possibly accounts for avernalis being associated with fulicalis. We have‘a long series from New Mexico and Arizona, and find the species very constant. King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, has been removed from the membership in the Entomological Society of France, which he has held since 1882. His name has also been erased from the mem- bership list of the ‘Petrograd Entomological Society. In this society there has-been elected in his place M. Lameere, of Brus- sels, who is now working in the Paris Museum of Natural History.— Science. {7s =~ M THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 eae | NEW GALL MIDGES. BY E. P. FELT, ALBANY, N. Y. Below are given descriptions of a miscellaneous lot of gall midges showing a varied food habit and originating in widely separated portions of the world. Dasyneura sassafras, n. sp. The midge described below was reared.by W. A. Ross, August 12, 1915, from larve curling sassafras foliage at Gordon, Ont., and submitted for identification by Arthur Gibson, Chief Assistant Entomologist of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Can. The species runs in our key to D. apicata Felt, noticed in detail on page 152 of New York State Museum Bulletin 175. It is easily separated from this form and also the somewhat similar Dasyneura smilacifolia Felt by structural and colorational characters. Female—Length .75 mm. Antenne extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired dark brown; 16 sessile seg- ments, the fifth with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the terminal segment compound, with a length four to five times its diameter and a more or less distinct constriction near the middle. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, irregular, the second with a length more than twice its diameter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum light yellowish brown, the submedian lines and scutellum yellowish, postscutellum reddish yellow. Abdomen sparsely haired, pale yellowish. Wings hyaline; halteres pale yellowish. Coxe and femora mostly pale yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibize and tarsi dark brown, the tarsi almost black; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Ovipositor pale yellowish, fuscous apically, as long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes with a length nearly four times the width, broadly rounded and sparsely setose apically. Type Cecid. a2676. Dasyneura gossypii, n. sp. The small midges described below were forwarded under date ‘of July 7, 1915, by Prof. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, Imperial Ento- mologist of the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. India. Both sexes are figured on page 363 of his work on South Indian Insects and the species is considered by him ds of minor importance.. He states that_the insect is locally known as the cotton flower bud maggot and the larve are recorded as inhabiting cotton buds, causing them to burst and drop. Pupation occurs in— the withering buds. Female—Length .75 mm. Antenne: extending nearly to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, yellowish basally; 12 sessile segments, the ‘fifth with a length about two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment somewhat produced, with a length three times its diameter and tapering to a broadly rounded apex. Palpi: first segment subquadrate, the second twice the length of the first, more slender, the third three times the length of the second, somewhat dilated, the fourth about three-fourths the length of the third, more slender. Head yellow- ish, eyes black. Mesonotum pale yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown, tapering. Wings hyaline; halteres, coxee, femora and most of the tibize whitish transparent, the tarsi mostly pale yellowish, the pulvilli as long as the slender, strongly curved claws. Ovipositor with a length nearly equal to the body, the terminal lobes slender, with a length - about four times the width. Type Cecid. a2678. Walshomyia texana, n. sp. The midges described below were reared by Mrs. L. T. Binkley, Instructor in Zoology, State University, Austin, Texas, from a bud gall on the wild Texas or Mountain Cedar (Sabina sabinoides). The species is quite distinct from W. juniperina Felt, reared from the fruit of Juniperus californica, and while it presents some — differences from the generic type, we believe that it should x referred to this genus. ; Gall—This appears to be nothing but an enlarged, tirobetlial bud with a length approximately 6 mm., diameter 5. mm. Male—Length 2.2 mm. Antenne extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, pale yellowish; 15 or 16 segments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter and tapers slightly distally; circumfili probably THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST, — 31 ‘reticulate apically, though not visible in the preparation; terminal segment produced, with a length four times its diameter and tapering to a broadly rounded apex. Palp consisting of one ir- regularly, broadly oval segment bearing a few stout sete sub- apically; eyes large, black, nearly contiguous. Mesonotum a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish. Scutellum yellowish transparent, postscutellum and abdomen light fuscous yellowish and sparsely clothed with fuscous setae. Wings hyaline: halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxze, a light fuscous yellowish; femora, tibiz and tarsi a nearly uniform light fuscous straw; claws stout, heavily curved, simple, the pulvilli more than twice the length of the claws, greatly expanded. Genitalia fuscous; basal clasp seg- ment stout, broad; terminal clasp segment moderately long, swollen near the middle and tapering uniformly to the obtuse apex and the irregular base; dorsal.plate long, broad, deeply and triangularly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded and _ sparsely setose; ventral plate long, broad, broadly rounded apically. Harpes apparently represented by divergent, broad, slightly chitinized, submedian processes, obliquely truncate and narrowly rounded distally. Female—Length 3 mm. Antenne extending to the second _abdominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 14 or 15 subsessile segments, the fifth with a length about twice its diameter, a subbasal whorl of moderately short, stout setae and subapically low, very irregularly reticulate circumfili forming three or four transverse bands (circumfili distinctly visible in only one specimen, a2694); terminal segment compound, consisting of two or three segments, closely fused and with a length three to five times its _ diameter; eyes large, black, © Mesonotum dark yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen yellowish white, sparsely clothed with fuscous hairs. Ovipositor short, stout, the terminal segment witha length one-half greater than its _diaméter, slightly and variably chitinized basally and ventrally, the terminal lobes broad, broadly rounded and sparsely setose. Other characters-nearly as in the male. Type Cecid. a 2693. Asphondylia sesami, hn. sp. . The Gingelly gall fly, according to Prof. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, Imperial Entomologist of the Agricultural Research \ ' roa 32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. - Z Institute, Pusa, Bihar, India, attacks young Gingelly (Sesamum indicum) capsules, producing’ a wrinkled, twisted gall instead of the fruit. He has figured the adult and gall on page 364 ofhis work on South Indian Insects, 1914, and classifies this insect’ as -one of the minor pests. He has kindly placed reared specimens, which were labeled South India, Coimbatore, June, 1912, and 1913. at our disposal, and the species is described as new. Exuvium—Length 4 mm., a nearly uniform chestnut brown — except for the nearly transparent antennal cases, the latter ex- .. tending to the base of the second abdominal segment, the wing cases to the fourth, and the leg cases to the sixth abdominal seg- -ment. The dorsum of the abdominal segments with a scattering, and on.segments five to eight, respectively, a somewhat double, transverse row of short, stout spines near the basal third and a similar, single row of rather thickly-set, almost contiguous, longer, stout spines near the middle; terminal segment with the basal row of spines distinctly double and scattering, and the distal row ir- regular, there being three on each side of the median line and a compound, lateral, spiny process. Male—Length 3 mm. Antenne extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, light browm; 14 segments, the _ fifth with a length seven times its diameter, the twelfth with a length nearly five times its diameter, the thirteenth and fourteenth — ' segments missing. Palpi; the first segment irregularly and roundly quadrate, with a length nearly twice its diameter, the second greatly produced, slender, sparsely setose, and with a length nearly three times that of the first. The mesonotum slaty brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum fuscous yellowish ‘brown with a few setz at the lateral angles, postscutellum a fuscous whitish. Abdomen sparsely haired, light brown, the genitalia fuscous. yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw; halteres basally and apically mostly whitish transparent, the stalk dark brown. Coxz and femora reddish brown, the tibia and tarsi mostly pale straw; claws long, rather slender, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, greatly swollen; terminal clasp segment subapical, short, greatly swollen apically and distinctly bidentate; dorsal plate short, broad, broadly and , roundly emarginate. Other structures indistinct in the preparation. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLGIST. : 33 Female—Length 3 mm. Antenne extending to the third abdominal segment, the fifth with a length five times its diameter. the twelfth with a_ length two and one-half times its diameter, the thirteenth with a length about equal to the diameter, the fourteenth reduced, globose. Palpi; the first segment quadrate, with a length about twice its diameter, the second more slender, irregular and with a length about twice the first. Mesonotum dark slaty brown, the submedian lines rather thickly haired. Scutellum reddish brown, sparsely setose apically, postscutellum _dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown, sparsely clothed with silvery sete. Wings hyaline; halteres mostly yellowish brown, slightly -darker subapically. Coxe and legs mostly brownish straw, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws moder- ately stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli a little longer than the claws. Ovipositor when extended probably longer than the body, the basal segment moderately slender and with a well developed _dorsal pouch, the acicula slender, acute. Type Cecid. a 2677. Feltiella americana, n. sp. The midges described below were received from Prof. P. J. Parrott, of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y., under date of July 31, 1915, accompanied by the statement that they were reared from larve apparently feeding on a red mite occurring upon plum foliage. This species is quite different from an earlier described American form. Male—Length 1.5 mm. Antenne a little longer than the body, thickly haired, mostly whitish transparent; circumfili and numerous long sete a light fuscous; 14 segments, the fifth having . the stems with a length two and one-half and three and one-half times their diameters, respectively; terminal segment, basal por- . tion of the stem with a length four times its diameter, the distal enlargement subcylindric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter, broadly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment irregular, subquadrate, the second with a length about three times its width, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth one- fourth longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum fuscous yellowish Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellowish Abdomen mostly pale yellowish, slightly fuscous basally. Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting with costa at the apex of the wing, halteres 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST pale yellowish. Coxe whitish, transparent, the legs a fuscous whitish transparent; claws slender, strongly curved, the anterior and mid-pair unidentate, the pulvilli about two-thirds the length of the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment moderately long, stout, the basal lobe long, triangular, finely setose; terminal clasp segment long, slender; dorsal plate short, triangularly emarginate, the lobes obliquely and roundly truncate, the ventral plate long, broad, truncate or slightly emarginate apically; style long, stout, roundly acute apically. Female—Length 1.5 mm. Antenne nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment slightly produced and tapering to a broadly rounded apex. Mesonotum dark yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen a light fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish. Coxz and femora basally yellowish white, the distal portion of femora and tibiz a light fuscous straw, the tarsi darker. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes irregularly ovate and rather thickly setose. Other characters practically as in the male. Type Cecid. a2679. NOTES AND QUERIES. NOTES FROM CLEMSON COLLEGE, S.C. On Aug. 8th a large number of specimens of Anosia plexippus were taken in a pasture near the College. They were the strag- glers of a swarm of this species passing through on that date. They disappeared two days later. There was an outbreak of Army Worms (Laphygma frugiperda) in August. The principal disturbance occurred throughout the northern and eastern counties of the State. As usual, the attack began on crab grass and sorghum. In some sections peas were slightly damaged. The generation went into pupation Aug. 20-30, having done no serious damage. During this outbreak the larve of Calosoma calidum played an unusually conspicuous role. They THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 35 were very abundant in the fields around Glemson, and numerous specimens were sent from various sections of the State for identi- fication. On Aug. 23 the writer collected a large number of speci- mens to observe their habits in the Insectary. They showed cannabalistic habits, a number of them being killed in this manner, The specimens were kept in jelly glasses containing sand and placed in a dark box. They were fed on Army Worms. On Aug. _ 25th they refused to eat, and on Aug. 28th they burrowed to the bottom of the sand and changed to the white pup, the adults emerging from four to six days later. Farmers sent the black larve to find out the name, on account of its good work in de- stroying the Army Worm. On Sept. 22nd this office received a report from W. R. Pritchard, Hardeville, S. C., of the great damage being done to his cotton by caterpillars. G. M. Anderson, of this Division, who was stationed at the Columbia laboratory, made a thorough in- spection of Mr. Pritchard’s farm. He found that the caterpillars were Alabama argillacea, and that they were distributed over about - fifteen acres of cotton, five of which had been seriously injured. They had nearly all gone into pupation on that date. No other report of damage has come to our attention during the season. Clemson College, S. C. M. R. SmitH. NoTEs FROM NEW JERSEY. Halticus citri Ashm. injuring phlox in New Jersey (Hemip.). This ‘‘flea-hopper,”’ according to ‘‘Insects of New Jersey,’’ where itis listed as Halticus uhleri Giard, seems to be fairly well dis- tributed over the State, specimens having been taken at Madison, New Brunswick, Jamesburg and Camden County. As no food _plants are mentioned, the insects were evidently taken while sweeping. During September, 1915, this species was found injur- ing phlox growing in a nursury at Riverton. Most of them were found on the under sides of the leaves, and the injury appeared on the upper surface as small, irregular, whitish patches, resulting in a discoloration of the foliage. Dr. F. H. Chittenden mentions it 36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ~ as attacking chrysanthemum, morning-glory and smilax in green- houses, while Prof. F. M. Webster records it as feeding on many weeds, suth as_ragweed, crab grass, smartweed, etc. It is probably known best as a garden pest, being injurious to beans, beets, peas, cabbage, potatoes, etc. Considering the fact that the infes- tation on phlox was most severe after the blooming period was over and at a time when the plants were no longer cared for as ornamentals, it was-not necessary to spray. Had it occurred ear- lier in the season any of the ordinary ‘“‘leaf-hopper’’ remedies would have undoubtedly checked it successfully. Harry B. WEiss, New Brunswick, N. J. Mailed January 13th, 1916. LATE II. P Can. Ent., Vor. XLVIII. THE PARSNIP WEBWORM. (DEPRESSARIA HERACLIANA DEC.) Che Ganatiay Entomologist. VoL. XLVIII. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1916 No. 2 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. AN INSECT ENEMY OF THE PARSNIP. BY W. H. BRITTAIN AND C. B. GOODERHAM, TRURO, N. S. For a number of years the work of the Parsnip Webworm (Depressaria heracliana Dec.) has been noticed on the wild parsnip (Heracleum lanatum Michx) growing in the vicinity of the Agri- cultural College, Truro. In the summer of 1914 an attempt to grow some cultivated parsnips for seed on the College Farm was unsuccessful owing to the attacks of this insect. The shortage in the supply of vegetable seed during the past season, consequent upon conditions in Europe, has given an impetus to the local pro- duction of such seed As a result a number of.our farmers have planted small plots of parsnips for seed purposes, but with rather disappointing results, as many complaints have reached us of serious damage occasioned by this pest. It would therefore appear that a brief description of the insect, with notes on its life history and habits, would be particularly opportune at the present time. Description: The Egg.—Stainton* says regarding the oviposition habits of the insect: ‘‘ The egg of this species is no doubt deposited in spring on the undeveloped umbels of Heracleum spondylium by the hibernated female.’’ Other writers have quoted Stainton in this connection, but though a number of entomologists have informed us that they are well acquainted with the egg, we have not been able to discover any further reference or any description of this stage in the literature at our disposal. The eggs are small, more or less rectangular in outline, with rough edges, measuring .32 - .40 mm. in length, and .17 -.19 mm. in width. They are pearly white in colour and ribbed longitudinally, as shown in fig. 1. *Stainton, H. T., Nat. Hist. Tineina, Vol. V, Part 1, 112-113 (1861). 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The Mature Larva.—Length 16-18 mm; diameter of second abdominal seg- ment 3 mm.; width of head 1.75 mm. The shape is nearly cylindrical, tapering slight- ly towards both extremities. The general colour is greenish yellow above, light yellow on sides and beneath. The head, mouth parts, cervical shield, thoracic legs and spiracles are shiny black. Beis The head is notched or emarginate on its caudal border and the cervical shield is divided by a median longitudinal line. The body is beset with numerous shiny black setigerous warts or tubercles, as shown in the figure. The Young Larva.—The larva in its first instar is 1.5-2 mm. long and differs very little from the mature larva except in size and in being a darker greenish yel- low anteriorly and a lighter yellow posteriorly. rani The Pupa.—The pupa measures 1 fam. long and .3 mm. wide. The thoracic seg- ments are dark brown and the abdominal segments a lighter brown. The Adult—The adult is a greyish Fig. 1. Parsnip Werwo'™, moth with a wing expanse of 244 mm. The wings are of a satiny lustre and fringed with long hairs. The front wings are a dark grey with darker longitudinal streaks, the hind wings a uniform light grey. When at rest, the wings are held flat over the back, giving the insect a flattened appearance. Life History and Habits. The eggs were first observed this season on June 18th. They are deposited singly and in large numbers on leaves, stems, and ‘particularly on the sheath surrounding the flower heads. The time spent in the egg stage averages about seven days, and the period of oviposition extends over a considerable period, as newly THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 hatched larve were found late in July. On hatching, the young larve bore through the sheath and penetrate to the young flower buds inside. Here it commences to feed and to tie the unfolding flowers together with silken threads, forming a slight silken tunnel within which it feeds. When the head at length bursts open, it _ may, therefore, be nothing but a mass of web with the caterpillars inside. The larva feeds.thus for about four weeks upon the seeds and leaves of the plant, and then, having become nearly mature, it crawls down the stem, usually to the axil.of 4 leaf, where it eats its way through the hollow stem and feeds for a few days until it reaches maturity. When mature, the larva builds a light cocoon of silk and excrement within which it changes to the pupal stage. The total length of the larval life averages just under five weeks, there being in all five larval instars. Thé pupal instar continues for three weeks, most of the adults emerging during the latter half of August, though a few belated individuals may not appear until as late as the middle of September. The adults pass the winter beneath the bark of trees, or in similar shelters. One individual was found in the late winter hidden under a rafter in a disused building on the outskirts of the College Farm. - Of the number of insects reared from the egg to the adult condition complete records were taken in the case of three indi- viduals. This informiation is summarized in the following table :— See Length ° Date of Date of | Date of | Date of | Date of | Date of |Length of| emer- No,| Date of First Second Third Fourth Fifth Larval | gence of | Pupal Hatching} Moult Moult Moult Moult Moult Stage Adult | Stage 1 | June 25 | July 2 July 7 July 12 | July 17 | July 29 | 34 days Aug. 19 | 21 days 2| June 25 | July 2 July 7:-| July 15 | July 20 | July 29 | 34 days Aug. 19 | 21 days 3} June 25 | July 2 July 9 July 15 | July 20 | July 29 | 34 days | Aug. 19 | 21 days Geographical Distribution. The Parsnip Webworm is an insect with a very wide distribu- tion, having been recorded from England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Finland, France and the Eastern United States and Canada. It is very common in the neighborhood of Truro, and has been sent to the Agricultural College from parts of Hants and King’s Counties, as well as from New Brunswick. 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Host Plants. The plant most commonly attacked in Nova Scotiais the Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum). The cultivated Parsnip (Pastinaca - sativa) is usually affected whenever it is grown for seed and the Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) is also known to be attacked in America. Besides the foregoing, Heracleum spondylium and Heracleum sibericum serve as food plants for the insect in Europe. - Natural Enemies. Riley states that no parasites were bred in the United States by him, but mentions the following which have been recorded by European writers: Cryptus flagitator Grv.; Pimpla heraclei and Hoplismenus dimidiatus: Cryptus profligator Grv. and Ophion vulnerator Grv. Bethune was also unable to secure any parasites, but states that the Hairy Woodpecker (Picus villosus) destroyed many larve and pupe. Harrison states that the greatest natural enemy is the earwig, which destroys the pupe. At Truro we have reared a number of hymenopterous parasites from this insect, but these have not yet been determined. Remedies. Bethune suggests dusting with hellebore for controlling the Parsnip Webworm. Riley recommends spraying with arsenate or the destruction of affected stalks. A. J. Cook says that a dilute watering mixture of an arsenate is by far the best remedy; he also recommends dusting with London Purple. Harrison believes in destroying the wild plants and handpicking the parsnip flowers. Unfortunately we have not yet succeeded in finding any remedy that will completely control this pest, though experiments on a rather small scale were undertaken this season. The habit of the insect in tying up the seed head with silk and working inside a silken tunnel makes the work very difficult. Spraying with lead arsenate or Paris Green just as the larve were hatching had little apparent effect. Dusting with Paris Green 1 part to 25 parts or withair-slaked lime gave somewhat better results, and when the umbels are open, it will prevent them from damaging _ any new seed. It will not, however, effect the caterpillars in the umbels which have already been tied up with silk. Cutting off and burning affected seed heads, as has been suggested, would a i li i i i a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41 result in the destruction of the whole crop, in places where the infestation is as severe as in the Truro district. Furthermore, it would have little permanent effect where the pest is so numerous on neighbouring wild plants. As for destroying the wild plants that harbour the insects, these are much too numerous to commend _ the method to the practical farmer. REFERENCES. The following are the most important references to the work of this insect :— Bethune, C. J. S. Depressaria Ontariella, n. sp. (N. sp. = hera- cliana DeG.) Can. Ent., Vol. II, No. 1, Aug. 1869. Cook, A. J. Rep. of Zoologist, 3rd Ann. Rep. Mich. Agri. Exp. Sta. 1890; 112-115, 4 figs. Cok A. J. Two Insect Pests New to Michigan. 19th Ann. Rep. Secr. St. Board Agri. Mich. for 1880; 275-278. Riley, C. V. The Parsnip Webworm. Insect Life, Vol. 1; 94-98. Riley, C. V. The Parsnip Webworm. Orange Judd Farmer,'17, Nov. 1888; 319. Southwich, E. B. The Parsnip Webworm. Insect Life, Vol. V» Aug. 1892; 106-108. Harrison, J. W. H. An Unusual Parsnip Pest. Entomologist, 46 (1913), No. 597; 58-59. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. 1. Eggs in place on sheath (insert, single egg greatly enlarged). 2. Larva, lateral aspect; stem cut longitudinally showing larva spinning cocoon. Pup, ventral and dorsal aspect. Stem cut longitudinally, showing cocoon and pupe in situ. Adult moth. Flower head webbed up by larve. ee eee Holes made by larve in stem of Cow Parsnip. 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULID, DIPTERA).* BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y. The following species of crane-flies were mostly obtained from the collections of the United States National Museum and the United States Biological Survey, through the kindness of Mr. Knab and Mr McAtee. The various species will be figured in forthcoming revisional papers now in course of completion. Family Tipulide. Subfamily Limnobine. Tribe Limnobini. Genus Dicranomyia Stephens. Dicranomyia macateei, sp. n. Female—Length 4.5-4.9 mm.; wing 5-5.5 mm. Antenne dark brown. Head dark brownish black, the frontal _ region more yellowish. | Frontal scutum light yellowish brown, scutellum dull light yellow. Mesonotal prescutum shiny light brown without distinct stripes. Pleura pale yellow, more suffused with brown on the dorsal sclerites. Sternum yellow. Halteres dark brown, a little brighter at the extreme base. Legs with the coxe bright yellow; trochanters brownish yellow; femora and tibiz yellowish brown,- tarsi pale yellowish white, the terminal segment and the claws black. Wings with a dusky tinge, the stigma distinct, large, oval, brown; the base of the sector, the cord and the outer end of cell 7st Me seamed with darker brown; no pubescence on the apical cells of the wings; veins dark brown. Venation with Sc long, extending over half the length of the sector; Rs long, over twice the length of the deflection of R45; basal deflection of Cm at or slightly beyond the fork of M; Cue about equal to the basal deflection of Cw. Abdomen brown, the ovipositor and the eighth segment largely yellow. Holotype, 2, Plummer’s Island, Maryland; May 24, 1914 (McAtee). *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University. February, 1916 : : ra | ne Id le THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 43 Paratypes, 2; Virginia, near Plummer’s Island; July 14, 1915 (McAtee). 2 9’s, Great Falls, Virginia; Aug. 11, 1915, Oct. 3, 1915 (McAtee). The type is in the collection of the Union States Biological Survey, the paratypes are in the National Museum and the collec- tion of the author. Tribe “A ntochint. Genus Teucholabis Osten Sacken. Teucholabis lucida, sp. n. Male—Length 3.5-4.1 mm.; wing 4.2-4.5 mm. : Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black. Head black with a thick light gray pubescence. _ Pronotal scutum dark brownish black: the caudal margin paler, brown; scutellum pale yellowish white, interrupted medially - above by a brownish depression. Mesonotal przscutum shiny black, pilose medially behind, the usual pale interspaces represented only by a small reddish brown area in front, just proximad of the pseudosutural fovez, and a yellow median patch behind; scutum black shiny, with the median area in front pale yellow and with a short, pale pilosity; scutellum dull yellow, more grayish basally; postnotum black with a gray pile. Pleura light yellowish white with a broad black band extending from behind the pronotum beneath the wings to the base of the abdomen; a large rounded black spot on the sternum just before the middle coxz and a smaller patch just behind these coxeze; mesosternum suffused with lemon- yellow. Halteres short, pale brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters pale testaceous; femora light yellow, the apex broadly blackened and slightly enlarged; tibiz and tarsi dark brown, the former sometimes paler and narrowly tipped with blackish. Wings narrow, hyaline; stigmal spot brown, rounded, conspicuous. Abdominal tergites black, the segments narrowly ringed with dull reddish yellow on the caudal margin; sternites blackish on the basal half, paler, yellowish, caudally. Holotype, &, Dalecarlia Reservoir and outlet, District of Columbia; Aug 22, 1915 (McAtee). Paratypes, 1c; 1, sex uncertain, topotypic. The type is in the collection of the United States Biological Survey, paratypes in the collection of the author. 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Teucholabis carolinensis, sp. n. Male—Length 4.2 mm.; wing 4 mm. Rostrum and palpi black Antenne black. Head black with a slight grayish pubescence. Mesonotal prescutum dark brownish black with a sparse grayish pile, the lateral margins of the segment broadly yellowish brown. Pleura dull brown with an indistinct dark brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites caudad, becoming indistinct before the halteres; sternites brownish yellow without darker mark- ings. Halteres short, pale, the knob brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters dull yellowish; femora dull brownish yellow with the apex rather narrowly blackened; tibiz yellowish brown, the tips of the hind legs scarcely darkened, the anterior pair narrowly blackened; tarsi black. Wings narrow, nearly hyaline, the stigma quite indistinct, the veins dark brown. Abdomen brown, the sternites somewhat paler. Holotype, #, South Island, Georgetown Co., S. Carolina; Aug. , 19, 1915 (Alexander). The type is in the collection of the author. Tribe Eriopterint. ‘Genus Trimicra Osten Sacken. ? Trimicra empedoides, sp. as: Male—Length 5.5-5.8 mm.; wing 7.7-8 mm. Female—Length 5.7 mm.; wing 6 mm. Rostrum dull yellow, the palpi brown. Antenne having the first segment with a gray bloom, the second segment dull yellow, flagellar segments dark brown with the base more yellowish, this bicoloured appearance becoming obliterated on the terminal seg- ments. Head pale yellow with a light gray bloom. Thoracic dorsum light gray, without stripes, excepting a very indistinct and narrow median vitta on the extreme anterior portion of the prascutum; beneath the gray bloom are three stripes; the lateral margins of the prascutum pale, yellowish; tuberculate pits situated far back on the sclerite, about on a level with the pseudo- sutural fovez; the interspaces between the usual thoracic stripes with sparse coarse hairs; scutellum pale flesh colour. Pleura gray and yellow, the dorso-pleural membranes more yellowish. Halteres THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 45 rather short, light yellow. Legs with the coxe comparatively small, pale, sparsely gray pruinose; trochanters dull yellow; femora swollen, brownish yellow, very hairy; tibiz and the first segment of the tarsus dull brownish yellow, darkened at the apex, the terminal tarsal segments dark brown. Wings grayish subhyaline, the costal region yellowish brown, the veins C, Sc and R yellow, the remaining veins dark brown. Venation with Sce placed very far back from the tip of Sci, but distad of the base of the sector; cells Ri very broad and almost completely filled by the very large pubescent stigma; cross-Vein r long, oblique, inserted at or slightly beyond the fork of the sector; Re+s long, about subequal to Re alone; basal deflection of Cui at the fork of M; cell’1st Me closed. Abdominal tergites brownish gray, broadly margined with yellow caudally; sternites similar. ,the pale sei abe less distinct; hypopygium pale. The female is similar to the male, but smaller, the stigma very small, and in the allotypic specimen the cell /st M2 open by the atrophy of the medial cross-vein (this latter condition undoubtedly abnormal). Holotype, #, Jemez Springs, New Mexico; altitude 6, 400 feet; August 8, 1916 (John Woodgate). Allotype, 2, Ardmore, South Dakota; August 10, 1915 (E. G. Holt). Paratype, @, with the allotype; August 5, 1915. The type and the allotype are in the collection of the author, the paratype in the collection of the United: States Biological Survey. This insect is provisionally referred to Trimicra, but undoubt- edly represents a new genus, which will be characterized in a later paper. Subfamily Tipuline. Tribe 7ipulint. Genus 77pula Linneus. Tipula (Cinctotipula) apache, sp. n. Male—Length 12.3-13.1 mm.; wing 11.8-12.2 mm. Female—Length about 18 mm.; wing 16 mm. Palpi black. Frontal prolongation of the head short, brown, dusted with gray above and with a narrow, linear, median, yellow, 46 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. dorsal line; nasus very long, tipped with long golden hairs. Anten- nz with the scapal segments very dark brown, the flagellum black. Front bright yellow; vertex yellow, this colour continuing as a point to the occiput; sides of the vertex and occiput dark brown. Pronotum dark brown, the scutum with three pale yellow spots, of which one is median in position; scutellum with the lateral angles yellowish. Mesonotal preescutum dark brown with a very broad median light gray stripe, which is narrowly bisected an- teriorly by a brown line, the lateral stripes very indistinct, brownish yellow; lateral margins of the preescutum pale brownish yellow; scutum with the median area shiny yellowish white, the lobes black dusted with gray and margined with black; scutellum black, the median third somewhat elevated, testaceous; postnotum dark brownish black, narrowly whitish medially in front. Pleura dark brown, dusted with gray. Halteres blackish, the base more yellow- ish, the apex of the knob gray. Legs with the coxe brownish black; trochanters dark brown; femora and tibie dark brown narrowly blackened at the apex; tarsi dark brown. Wings infumed with dusky, a dark oval stigmal blotch; a vitreous band before the cord crossing the base of the elongate cell 1s M2 and extending into cell Ms; a vitreous spot beyond the stigma in cell 2nd Ri a number of Sigel hairs in cell Rs and the tip of M1. Abdominal tergites largely brownish yellow, the caudal margin and the lateral margin except at the base brownish black; ninth tergite dark brown. Sternites similar, the extreme caudal margins of the sclerites with a fringe of pale appressed hairs. Holotype, #, Jemez Springs; New Mexico; altitude 6,400 feet; July 20, 1915 (Woodgate). Allotype, 2, South Fork of Eagle Creek, White Mts., New Mexico; altitude about 8,000 feet; August 13 (C. H. T. Townsend); at light. Paratypes, 2 &#’s, topotypic; July 12, 1915 (Woodgate). The allotype is in the collection of the United States National Museum; the type and paratypes are in the collection of the author. Tipula caroliniana, sp. n. Male—Length 18-19 mm.; wing 19-21 mm. Palpi dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head rather long, light brownish gray. Antennz with the first segment brown, aye Ae ye SR THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 47 the second segment and the apex of the first bright yellow; flagellar segments with the basal enlargement very prominent, blackened, the remainder of the segments dark brown, the apical segments more uniform; antennz elongated for this group of species. Head brownish gray, clearer and brighter toward the occiput and around the eyes; the vertex with a low tubercle bearing an impressed median line; a circular to transverse impressed mark just behind the base of the. antennez meeting on the middle line before the tubercle. Mesonotal prescutum light gray, the stripes darker gray to brown, narrowly margined with dark brown; the median stripe is bisected by a pale line, which is likewise margined with brown; seutum brown with two light gray spots on each lobe, the largest lying caudad and proximad; scutellum and postnotum light gray, with a narrow brown median line. Pleura with the dorso-pleural membrane dull yellow, the sclerites light gray with a rounded biown spot just beneath the anterior spiracle and a smaller one on the mesopleura. Halteres light yellow, the knob brown. Legs with the coxe dusted with light gray; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown, the apex darker; tibiae brown, lightest at the base; tarsi brown. Wings with a light gray tinge, the costal cell more yellowish, stigma brown; a brownish blotch at the arculus and the origin of Rs; veins and the deflections of veins narrowly seamed with brown; hyaline spots before the cord, beyond the stigma in cell 2nd Ri, base of Re and Rs; a rounded blotch in cell AZ at two- thirds the length of the cell; pale flecks in cell /st.A. Abdominal tergites varying from almost clear yellow through- out to a brownish yellow, the caudal margin narrowly yellowish, the lateral margins narrowly grayish; the base of the tergites with a transverse rectangular coarsely punctured area on either side of segments 3 to 5, somewhat as in 7. discolor Loew and similar species; second sternite brownish yellow with a large rounded black spot at the base; segments two to five with punctured areas on the sides of the sclerites, on segments two, four and five transverse, on seg- ment three oblique; apical sclerites brown, broadly yellowish on the caudal margin. Ninth tergite yellowish, the caudal margin with a small, shallow, rounded or rectangular median notch, the lateral lobes broad, obliquely truncated; dorsal surface with a 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. small black chitinized point on either side of the middle line con- nected transversely. Holotype, &, North Carolina. - From the collection of C. V. Riley in the United States National Museum. Paratypes, 3 &’s, topotypic. The type and a paratype are in the collection of the United States National Museum, the remaining pata ps are in the collection of the author. This species falls in the same group with angustipennis Loew, balioptera Loew, centralis Loew, serta Loew, sepienirionalis Loew, etc., from all of which it is easily separated by the structure of the male genitalia. Tipula texensis, sp. n. Male—Length 11.3-12.5 mm.; wing 11.5-15 mm. Female—Length 13.4-13.6 mm.; wing 12.5-14 mm. Palpi dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, with a sparse light gray bloom. Antenne with the first segment yellowish brown, with a sparse grayish bloom; second and third segments yellow or brownish yellow, the remaining flagellar segments yellow or dark brown basally, the terminal segments more uniformly dark brown. Head light gray, more yellowish on the occiput on either side of the median area; a delicate impressed, median, brown, dorsal line. Mesonotal praescutum light gray with dark brown stripes, the middle stripe broadly bisected by a vitta of the ground colour, which in turn is split medially by a delicate brown line; lateral stripes almost confluent with the median stripe; scutum light gray, the lobes with an oblique brown mark; scutellum grayish testaceous, with a very delicate median brown line; postnotum light gray with or without a rather indistinct, impressed, median, brown line on the caudal fourth of the segment. Pleura light gray, indistinctly spotted with brown, the dorso-pleural membrane dull yellow. Halteres with the base bright yellow, darkening into brown on the knob. Legs yellow, with a grayish white bloom; trochanters yellow; femora dull yellow, the apex dark brown; tibia yellowish brown, only a little darkened at the apex; tarsi dark brown. Wings light gray, the stigma rectangular, brownish yellow; brownish blotches THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 at the origin of Rs, at about mid-length of cell R and in the middle of cell Re; hyaline blotches in cell R between the brown spots; a hyaline band before the cord; beyond the stigma in cell 2nd Ri and in the bases of cells Re, Rs and Rs; tip of cell Re hyaline; cells Mi and /st M2 largely hyaline. Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, with a very- indistinct, interrupted, brownish, dorsal band becoming more distinct behind; a broad sublateral dark brown band on each side, lateral margins of the sclerites broadly, the caudal margins narrowly and indistinctly, whitish; sternites dull yellowish brown, darkest on the seventh and eighth segments; in some specimens indistinctly and interruptedly trivittate. The female is similar, with the antennal flagellum almost uniformly dark brown; the median abdominal vitta distinct. The maximum measurements given for the male sex are those of the holotype, a large and finely coloured specimen. Holotype, &, Dallas, Texas; April 7, 1906 (F. C. Pratt). Allotype, 9, Kerryville, Texas; March 25, 1908 (F. C. Pratt). Paratypes, &, with the-allotype; April 11, 1907; 2, San Augustine, Texas; March 22, 1908 (E. S. Tucker). The type and the paratype female are in the collection of the United States National Museum; the allotype and the paratype male in the collection of the author. Tipula aspidoptera, sp. n. Male—Length 13 .5-14.3 mm.;-wing 13.6-15 mm. Female—Length 15 mm.; wing 4.9-5 mm. Palpi brown. Frontal prolongation of the head brownish gray, nasus short, but prominent with a few scanty hairs at the tip. Antennz with the three basal segments light brown, the remainder of the antenne uniform dark brown. Head light gray with a very narrow, indistinct median brown line. ° Pronotal scutum light gray, the scutellum largely yellow. Mesonotal prascutum light gray, the median brown stripe very broad, a little narrowed behind, the lateral stripes rather indistinct; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light gray. Pleura with the dorso-pleural membrane yellow, the pleura clear blue-gray. Hal- teres long. slender, brown. Legs with the coxe clear blue-gray; trochanters gray; femora brownish yellow, only a little darkened 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST = at the tip; tibize yellowish brown, a little darker at the tip; tarsi dark brown. Wings pale brownish gray, the stigma brown, the costal cell brownish yellow; wings streaked with hyaline, this colour including the basal cells and cell Rs except ‘the tip; cell 7stA hyaline, except the broad apex. Abdomen brownish gray, clearer gray laterally, the caudal margin narrowly brownish yellow; ninth tergite broadly tipped with bright yellowish; sternites grayish brown. The female is similar to the male, but the antenne are shorter, the wings reduced, extending about to the end of the third ab- dominal segment; valves of the ovipositor rather short, the tergal valves only a little longer than the sternal pair. Holotype, &, Bred from larve taken at Alvarado, Texas (Hill) ; issued March 5, 1881. Allotype, 2, topotypic. Paratypes, 7, 2's, topotypic; o, Dallas, Texas; April 16, 1906 — (W. D. Hunter). The type, allotype and paratypes are in the collection of the United States National Museum, additional paratypes in the collection of the author. This interesting species of the tricolor group was bred from larve received in Washington, February 26, 1881, by Mr. Pergande from Mr. Jesse M. Hill, Alvarado, Texas. The specimens were given the lot-number 846 and the first fly issued March 5, 1881, the last on March 22, 1881 a total of some 13 males and 11 females, most of which are still in existence. This insect was determined as T. eluta Loew with a question by Coquillett, which, however, has a long-winged female and the antenne bicolorous. In its unicolorous antenne it likewise differs from Tipula subeluta Johnson, which has bicolored flagellar segments, as clearly stated in the original characterization of the species, although Dr. Dietz’s key is misleading in this regard. : Tipula comanche, sp. n. Male—Length 11.2 mm.; wing 12.4 mm. Female—Length 10.9 mm.; wing 11 mm. Palpi brown. Frontal prolongation of the head rather long, light gray, the nasus very short. Antenne with the first segment Peete ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 51 rather long, brownish gray, the second segment yellowish brown, the flagellum elongated, the segments dark brownish black through- out, slightly incised beneath. Head light gray with a narrow, median, brown vitta. Mesonotal prescutum light gray with three brown stripes, of which the lateral pair are shortened; scutum with the lobes light gray, indistinctly brown in the centre; scutellum and postnotum light gray, the latter more whitish. Pleura with the dorso-pleural membrane yellowish, the sclerites clear blue-gray. Halteres elongate, light brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae pale, with a sparse whitish or gray bloom; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown, darkened on the apical half; tibize and tarsi brown. Wings with a very pale picture, much paler than the similar eluta Loew and aspidoptera n., and in some-respects suggest- ing sayt Alexander; the costal cell is yellowish; stigma rounded, yellowish brown; the membrane of the wing grayish hyaline, darkest on the apex and in the caudal cells; cell Rs almost hyaline like the basal cells. Abdomen brownish gray, the lateral margins of the segments broadly dull yellow, the caudal margins narrowly ringed with the same colour; hypopygium yellowish. Holotype, #, Paris ,Texas; April 13, 1904 (A. A. Girault). Allotype, 2, topotypic. The type is in the collection of the United States National Museum, the allotype in the collection of the author. Tipula guasa, sp. n. Male—Length 8.5-10.3 mm.; wing 8.5-10.9 mm. Female—Length 11.2 mm.; wing 9 mm. Palpi brown, the third segment pale at the base. Frontal prolongation of the head rather short, nasus not very prominent; the prolongation yellow, more brownish beneath, with a subim- - pressed brown lateral line and a sparse gray bloom on the dorsal *surface. Antenne with the first segment brown, the second segment paler, the apices of the scapal segments pale; flagellum short, dark brownish black, the segments short, broad basally, narrowed toward their tips, the segments not incised. Head dark brown, paler adjoining the eyes, a little grayish on the middle line 52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of the occiput; in some specimens the head is gray, with only the centre of the vertex dark brown. Pronotal scutum grayish brown; scutellum clear light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum grayish brown, the area before the pseudo- sutural fovee paler, yellowish ; the usual lateral stripes are indistinct, but margined narrowly with dark brown; of the middle stripe only a single narrow dark brown line persists; the thoracic stripes in some specimens are quite obliterated; extreme lateral margin of the sclerite grayish; pseudosutural fovez very large, black; scutum grayish brown, the median area more yellowish, the lobes marked with brown; scutellum testaceous, more yellowish on the sides; postnotum lead-coloured, with a distinct median yellow vitta. Pleura yellow, with blue-gray blotches. Halteres rather short, yellowish brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs having the cox yellowish with a gray bloom; trochanters and femora dull yellow, - the latter passing into brown on the terminal half; tibize dull yellow- ish brown, darker apically; tarsi dark brown. Wings grayish sub- hyaline, the ‘costal region a little more yellowish, stigma pale brown. : Abdominal tergites dark yellow,- with a very broad median brown band, the caudal margin narrowly ringed with brown; ninth tergite dark brown with the caudal half yellowish; sternites yellow, indistinctly and broadly suffused with brown. The female has the tergal valves elongate, subacute, dark brown, the sternal valves shorter, more yellowish, acute. The paratype males from Calvert are much larger (the largest measurements given above) but in all other respects are indis- tinguishable from the small specimens taken at the type-locality. Holotype, &, Liberty, Texas; March 18, 1908 (E. S Tucker). Allotype, 2, topotypic. Paratypes, 4 &’s, topotypic; 3 o’s, Calvert, Texas; April 19, -(W. W. Yothers). The type, allotype and paratypes are in the collection of the United States National Museum, additional paratypes in the collection of the author. The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe. oe har oe oe See ae a ’ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. : 53 Tipula arizonica, sp. n. Male—Length 9.8-10 mm.; wing 11.3 mm. Female—Length 14.5 mm.; wing 14 mm. Palpi pale yellow with black hairs, the third-segment with a sparse pale gray bloom, the terminal segment dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head elongate, shiny yellowish, the extreme base light gray; nasus prominent. Antenne indistinctly bicolorous, the basal segments light yellow; the third segment yellow, passing into brown on the apical half; remainder of the flagellum dark brown, the basal enlargement a little more intense, the segments slightly incised. Head light gray with a subimpressed, very in- distinct median brown line; a row of large hairs following the inner margin of the eye. : ; Thoracic dorsum opaque light yellow, without distinct stripes, although they may be faintly indicated beneath the bloom. Pleura yellow, with a sparse whitish bloom. Halteres rather short, but slender, brown, the knob a little darkened. Legs with the coxe yellow, very sparsely white pollinose; trochanters yellow; femora light yellow, soon passing into brown; tibie brownish yellow; tarsi brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, the costal cells yellowish, the stigma a little brownish, veins brown. Abdominal tergites yellow, the segments three to six more brownish, the segments broadly ringed with silvery; a rounded brown spot on the sides of segment two beyond mid-length of the sclerite; rounded brown spots on the sides of segments three to five at the base; hypopygium brownish; sternites yellow, the _ sclerites somewhat indistinctly ringed with silvery. Ninth tergite large, the lateral angles produced slightly and bent strongly ventrad; eighth sternite very large, prominent, the apex with a dense brush of yellow hairs. The female is like the male, but the antenne are shorter and ‘more distinctly bicolorous; the spots on the sides of the abdomen rather distinct; tergal valves of the ovipositor very long, the tip rounded, the sternal valves very short, the apex abruptly truncated. Holotype, &, Williams, Arizona; May 30 (H. S. Barber). Allotype, 2, topotypic; May 29. The type is in the collection of the United States National Museum, the allotype in the collection of the author. 54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE BEES OF THE CORONADO ISLANDS. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. ° Out in the Pacific, on the edge of the continental shelf, south- west of San Diego, California, are the Coronado Islands. They consist of four rocky elevations, submerged mountain-tops ap- ‘parently; the largest, South Island, about two miles long. _ They belong to Lower California, and hence are part of Mexico. Formerly they were difficult of access, but now a small vessel makes daily trips from San Diego, and tourists visit the islands in numbers. On August 21, 1915, my wife and I spent two hours on South Island, collecting the hitherto unrecorded insect-fauna, and especi- ally the bees.* Such isolated spots are extremely interesting to the evolution- — ist. Their fauna and flora may throw light on the rate of modifica- tion of species, or they may preserve formerly widespread, but now nearly extinct, types. The vertebrates of the Coronados have already been rather carefully studied. They possess a mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus dubius Allen, which occurs elsewhere only on Todos Santos Islands, Lower California. It is a relatively large, dark form. The birds, 22 species, have been fully discussed in a very interesting paper by J. Grinnell and F. S. Daggett in The Auk, XX, 1903, pp. 27-37. One of them, Melospiza corona- torum, is peculiar to the islands, differing from its mainland relative by its much paler ground colour, narrower streaking and smaller bill. Another, Carpodacus clementis, agrees with a San Clemente I. form, and differs from ‘that of the mainland by the bulky bill and heavy brown streaking. Thus it appears that the modification, when there is any, may be in quite opposite directions. Nine species of reptiles are recorded by Van Denburgh and Slevin, the most interesting being Gerrhonotus scincicauda ignavus, which belongs otherwise to the islands northward, Catalina and San Martin. The plants have been little studied, but a fine Malvaceous species, *Dr. E. P. Van Duzee, in his account of the Hemiptera of San Diego and vicin- ity, appears to record species from North Island Coronado but as his preface shows, they came from the north end of Coronado Beach, San Diego, locally called North Island. There is a possible source of confusion here, to be guarded against. — February, 1916 ‘ * ne thee é x! P s a —, Pee ee ge ¥ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55 Lavatera (Saviniona) insularis Watson, is peculiar to the islands. We found that one of the commonest species on South Island was Hazardia berberidis Gray, described from All Saints Bay, Lower California, and not found in the United States. I am indebted to Mrs. K. Brandegee for its identification. This is not the place to discuss the flora at length, but it may be added that already intro- duced weeds are becoming abundant in places, more particularly the European grass Achyrodes aureum Linn. (det. Agnes Chase). An abundant native fern proved to be Pellea andromedefolia Kaulf (det. Maxon). We found a single species of snail, Micrarionta stearnsiana Gabb, in great abundance. It is a species characteristic of Lower California, extening up the coast to the region about San Diego. Among the insects, by far the most conspicuous species, occurring in great numbers, was a very fine Pepsis with red wings. I cannot, at present, separate it from the common P. formosa Say (chrysothemis R. Luc.), though it seems somewhat different from a specimen collected in New Mexico. These wasps were observed _ to prey on the large “‘tarantula’”’ spiders, which apparently belong to Avicularia californica Banks, described from near San Diego. Other wasps taken were an Odynerus and an ordinary-looking black Priononyx. The common ant of South Island is Messor andrei Mayr. The only butterfly seen, but this abundant, was Lycaena exilis Boisd.; a little larger than the form of the species found in New Mexico. A specimen of Hippodamia convergens Guér. was collected. Various other insects, some of which look interesting, will be reported on at a later date, when they can be determined. The bees number seven species, of which three are new, but one of them was also taken on the Californian coast. There are only two genera. Anthophora californica Cresson. One male, at flowers of Hazardia berberidis. A form with hair on thorax above paler than usual. Eyes yellowish green in life. Anthophora urbana Cresson. One male. A variety with dark tegule. Halictus catalinensis Cockerell. Five females. The abdominal hair-bands vary from fulvous to greyish white. The species was described from Catalina Island. 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Halictus coronadensis, n. sp. : / Male—Length about 6.5 mm.; slender, head and thorax dark green, abdomen very obscurely greenish, almost black; hair of head and thorax moderately abundant, erect, pure white; clypeus greatly produced, the free lateral margins not much less than half diameter of apex; malar space short; mandibles with a ferruginous subapical band; hair of face beautifully plumose, dense at sides; supraclypeal area shining yellowish green; eyes deeply emarginate; front dull; ocelli rather large; antennz very long, flagellum light fulvous beneath; mesothorax dull, with a minutely granular appearance; scutellum shining, sparsely punctured; area of meta- thorax with very fine radiating strie, and no sharp. edge; posterior truncation not sharp-edged; tegule fulvous, dark at base; wings © ample, hyaline, faintly greyish, stigma and nervures dusky brown; outer nervures not weakened; first r. n. joining second s. m. a short distance before end; third s. m. much broader above than second; legs black, the femora green behind; abdomen dull, appearing minutely granular, constricted at the ends of the first three seg- ments, the extreme margin coppery-red; no bands, but surface of abdomen, especially at sides, with conspicuous erect hair; ventral segments not modified, except that the sixth has a delicate median — raised line. Type locality, Coronado Islands, L. Calif., Aug. 21 (7. and W. Ckil.). Also collected at La Jolla, California, August (Cockerell). When I collected these, I supposed I was getting males of Halictus catalinensis, of which the females occurred at the same place on the Coronado Is., but on examination it is impossible to associate the insects, which differ in many particulars, but especially in the “shape of the fac>. The male of H. catalinensis is presumably more or less like that of the allied H. provancheri, but the new form is entirely different from provancheri. It appears to be a quite isolated form, standing between Halictus and Augochlora. The strongly emarginate eyes would suggest its reference to Augochlora, but the venation and coloration are those of Halictus. Halictus grinnelli, n. sp. Female.—Length about 5.5 mm.; robust, head and thorax olive green, abdomen and legs black; pubescence white, not very THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57 abundant; head broad; clypeus not much produced, the lower half black; supraclypeal area brassy; front and sides of face well punc- tured, the middle of front as closely punctured as possible, not striate; antennz black; che. ks shining; mesothorax shining, strongly and rather closely punctured all over; scutellum closely, more finely punctured; area of metathorax strongly sculptured all over with anastomosing ridges, producing a finely reticulate effect; tegulz rufofuscous with paler margins, impunctate; wings hyaline, not reddish; stigma and nervures reddish testaceous; hind spur with three long blunt spines, the basal one remarkably long; first abdominal segment smooth and shining, though minutely punctured; the other segments duller and more punctured, those beyond the second pruinose with pale hair. South Island, Coronado Islands, L. Calif., Aug. 21 (7. and W. Ckil.). Five females, visiting Composite. One would not take this for a southern or desert species; it rather has the aspect of those of the mountains and of the north. It falls near to H. perpunctatus Ellis, but has the mesothorax more coarsely and less densely punctured, wings not reddish, area of metathorax shorter, etc. A related but quite distinct form, which Mrs. M. D. Ellis has named in manuscript as a subspecies of H. perpunctatus, occurs in Southern California. I have named this species and the next after the naturalists to whom we are indebted for an excellent account-of the birds of the Coronado Islands. Halictus daggetti, n. sp. Male—Length about 5.5 mm.; head and thorax olive green, abdomen black; pubescence white; clypeus moderately produced; face and front hairy; antenne very long (reaching middle of meta- thorax), flagellum rather thick, ferruginous beneath, narrowly so on the apical part; inner orbits submarginate; mesothorax and scu- tellum brilliantly shining, well punctured, sparsely on disc of mesothorax; area of metathorax sculptured essentially as in H. grinnelli; tegule shining piceous; wings milky-hyaline, stigma testaceous bordered with fuscous, nervures fuscous, second s. m. narrower above; mesopleura closely punctured; legs black, with pale hair; abdomen shining, but finely and rather closely punctured, with erect pale hair, especially conspicuous at sides; the suture 58 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. between the first and second dorsal segments deeply constricted, that between the second and third moderately constricted. - South Island, Coronado Islands, Aug. 21, three males (7. and W. Ckil.). lat first supposed that this was the male of H. grinnellz, but the thorax and wings are so different that it seems necessary to regard it as a distinct species. Halictus nevadensis Crawford. One female taken; a little larger than the mainland form, which is apparently the commonest small green Halictus of Southern California. I took the species at the Scripps ses La Jolla, and at Orange. NOCTUID NOTES FROM WESTERN CANADA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES AND A VARIETY. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MIDNAPORE, ALTA. Cucullia omissa, sp. nov. Closely allied to asteroides Guen. and _ ~/postera Guen. It principally differs from asteroides in being darker through- out, and having dark secondaries in both sexes. Even the darkest specimens of asteroides seem always to have a faint violaceous tinge to the grey of the thorax and primaries, which omissa always lacks. The discoidal spots are even less distinct than in asteroides. In all asteroides which I have examined the secondaries are clean pearly white in the basal half or two- thirds, with a very irregular and narrow dusky outer border in the male, and a broader and darker one in the female. In all my omissa the secondaries are fuscous throughout, though palest basally. As is the case in posiera, or at least in the prairie form of that species, the secondaries are practically alike in both sexes. In a few of the darkest specimens there is a small discal spot on the secondaries beneath. Some specimens come very near the prairie form of posiera in colour, but the new species is less maculate and streaky than that, and the discoidal spots are much less dis- tinct, being in fact almost obliterated by the rusty red shade overlaying the cell and areas immediately beyond it. The longi-_ tudinal streak at the anal angle, the preceding crescent and cloud, February, 1916 Tw be PTY a en, ere. ee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 59 are exactly as in postera and asteroides. A dark brown streak bordering the full length of the.inner margin exists in all omissa under examination, and is usually more obvious than in asteroides, much more so than in postera, from which it is often altogether absent. Size of asteroides. Described from 13 7 # and8 9 Q. Localities:5 77,2 2 9, Head of Pine Creek, near Calgary; May 18th (one), June 25th to August 13th, collected by the author; one pair, Windermere, B. C., July 12th, 1907 (the author); 1 2, Nelson, B. C. (H. Cane); 1 o, 3 92, Aweme, Man., June 6-14, 1910 (Criddle); 6 @o@#, Cart- wright, Man. (Heath collection); 1 2, Hymers, Ont., July 11th, 1912 (H. Dawson); and 1 9, Breezy Point, N.H., July 2-9, 1912 (L. W. Swett). Types — o in the author’s collection, @ in that of Dr Wm. Barnes. Both Calgary specimens. My notes tell me that there is a specimen of this species in the British Museum from Denver, Colo., as well as typical asteroides from the same locality. I also have a Denver asteroides in my own collection. Omissa is the No. 359 of my Alberta list, originally entered as postera on Smith’s authority, and is the postera of the Kootenai -and B. C. lists (Can. Ent., XX XVII, 227, June, 1905, and XLV, 94, April, 1913). The Manitoba specimens, some of which I am making co-types, are the darkest of the lot both in primaries and secondaries, and compared with Calgary, B. C., and Ontario speci- mens, have less of the rusty red through and beyond the cell, and contrast more strongly with asteroides. In fact, though I choose the actual types from Calgary, it was a study of Manitoba material which finally decided me that the form was distinct. I found a short series of both omissa and asteroides in the Heath collection, and Mr. Wallis kindly loaned them to me for study. They were all on short pins, and it is reasonable to suppose that they were collected at Cartwright, especially as both have been taken at Treesbank, about fifty miles distant.. Mr. Tams has prepared two mounts of male secitalia of omissa, from Calgary and Aweme, and we have compared them with two of asteroides from Chicago and Cartwright, and one of British asteris, which agrees closely with Pierce’s figure and de- scription. The two omissa differ from the two asteroides in one 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. detail, and in that detail the deviation in the former is distinctly in the direction of asteris, which it resembles very closely in these organs. In asteris, as Mr. Pierce expresses it, ‘‘the clavus is pro- duced to a small irregular knob, spinose.’’ In omissa there is a distinct rounded spinose prominence on the clavus, though it is not similarly produced to a knob. In both my omissa mounts this prominence oceupies the same relative position on the clavus as it does in Pierce’s, figure, and the clavus is much the same shape. But in my mount of asterts the clavus is shortened off abruptly immediately above the knob. In neither of the mounts of asteroides is there anything more than the faintest indication of this promin- ence. Asteris possesses two cornuti on the vesica, whereas omissa and asteroides possess only one. Superficially, also, the new species resembles asteris in colour and arrangement of shades more ° closely than does asteroides. Copablepharon viridisparsa, sp. nov. Head, thorax and _ primaries almost white with a very pale tinge of greenish ochreous, most pronounced in the fémale. The primaries have a_ slight irroration of grey scales, most numerous in the male, giving them a slightly sordid appearance. The male has a transverse posterior . row of minute black points on the veins, very faintly indicated. Secondaries dull white in the.male, with slight fuscous shadings and a fuscous central cloud; in the female a little darker and more shaded, though the central cloud is not as dark as in the male. Abdomen of the general ground colour of the secondaries in both specimens. Beneath dull white, with a dark fuscous cloud on the upper portion of the primaries from the base to the end of the cell, and extending between veins 2 and 5 nearly to the outer margin. This cloud is darkest in the male. Expanse of both specimens 45 mm. Described from a single pair. The male from Lethbridge, Alta,. July 20th, 1915, at light, by Mr.-E. H. Strickland, and loaned to the author by him, and the female taken at Calgary town lights by Mr. T. N. Willing on August 7th, 1902. The @ type will be placed in the collection of the Dominion Entomological Department at Ottawa, and the 9 type is in the author’s collection Both are in fine condition, though the male lacks one antenna. Be ae 5 sue ai 4 ap Can, Ent., Vor. XLVIII. PiatTeE III. NOCTUID MOTHS FROM WESTERN CANADA, Oe ee ee ee te | eo eee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 61 The species is the No. 385 of my Alberta List, originally recorded as absidum, on the authority of Dr. Fletcher. Another specimen shown me was taken at the same time and place as the female type, and is probably in the collection of the University of Saskatchewan at Humboldt, Sask. I have also seen a female ‘specimen taken in Calgary on August Ist, 1907, by Mr. C. G. Garrett. I am under the impression that the species has been taken by Mr. Baird at High River, where grandis also occasionally occurs. Grandis has also been taken at Lethbridge. The male antennz are minutely serrate-fasciculate as in grandis. The fore tibiae in both specimens have two claws, one on each side of the extremity, the inner one the stronger. Nearly all my grandis appear to have three claws, or at any rate a claw and a very strong spine on the inner side, and a weaker claw on the outer. My only specimen of alba unfortunately lacks fore tibia. Sir George Hampson does not mention any species of the genus as possessing claws, merely stating ‘‘tibize strongly spined.” The character may perhaps be somewhat variable, and at any rate the limit between claws ‘and strong spines is not easily defined. The new species appears to come between grandis and alba. The former is lemon yellow with pure white secondaries, the latter pure white. My notes taken on other collections indicate that neither species is always immaculate, and though the female of viridisparsa has stood for many years in my collection as probably new, I have thought it best to await a better knowledge of it and other species of the genus. The receipt of the fine male from Mr. Strickland decides me that it is time the form was recognized by description. Should it ultimately prove to connect with either grandis or alba, which I think improbable, the name will still hold for it as a variety. Euxoa thanatologia Dyar. (Porosagrotis thanatologia Dyar, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X XVII, 833, 1904). Var. boretha Smith, (Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc., XVI, 86, 1998). Var. sordida Smith, (Id. p. 86, seq.). All three described exclusively from specimens collected at Kaslo by Mr. Cockle. Type form thanaiologia Dyar. Described from a single female without abdomen. Condensed, the description reads: “Head, collar and thorax uniformly dark mouse grey 62 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Forewings light grey basally and terminally (subterminally evi- dently meant, W. D.), ‘“‘the whole median space blackish discolorous : A black basaldash . . . . Lines not strongly de- fined . . . . Orbicular circular, dusky filled, reniform pale — and narrowly black-ringed . . . . claviform black outlined, dark filled. Subterminal line pale . . . . with black dashes preceding it, especially at interspaces 2-4 and 5-7 . . . Ter- minal space blackish like the median space.” I examined the type in February, 1910, and though I was unable to match it very exactly, it very strongly suggested an intermediate form between some very pale grey, and some very dark uniform brown specimens which I had taken at Calgary. Intermediate forms between these extremes have since been bred. The condition had suggested itself to me when I saw a figure of Dyar’s type in the British Museum in the previous year, and seemed quite obvious when I subsequently saw a lot of material kindly loaned me by Mr. Cockle, including another figure of the type. Var. boretha Smith. Described as a species (Condensed description): ‘‘Dull smoky brown. Collar inferiorly pale; . , the pale portion limited above by a transverse black line. Costal region more or less contrastingly paler, tending to yellowish, spots discoloured, yellowish. Cell black filled . . . A black mark below median vein in basal space. Subterminal line of the ground colour, marked by the darker colour of the terminal space preceded by a series of sagittate black marks in the interspaces. Orbicular tending to ovate, yellowish, contrasting. Reniform in- completely black margined, yellow, with smoky central line.” . Described from 3 jo and a 9. Smith adds that the species appears to be allied to terrealis. This is explained by the fact that he had on several occasions named Calgary specimens of it “‘terrealis’’ for me, under which name a form of it appears in the earlier portion of my Alberta List. Terrealis is known to me only by the type, a oc from New Mexico in the Brooklyn Museum (Neumeegen collection). This has ciliate antenna, and is referable to the Rhizagrotis (Rhiacia Hbn.) section of Euxoa. A figure of it is pretty well reproduced by Hampson. It is probably allied to flavicollis Sm., and I do not associate it with the species now under discussion, nor did I recognize it in Smith’s collection. He also THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 63 i suggests a resemblance to perexcellens, though admitting a marked difference in antennz. The association has occasionally been made by others, with certain forms of it, but seems to me rather far- fetched. | . My own notes on Smith’s types say that the o&@ is ‘‘almost like some ochrogaster,’’ and that the 9, which I was able to match pretty closely, is much greyer, a fact mentioned by Smith. A few weeks later I compared my same specimen with type thanatologia, _ and more than suspected their identity. This has since been con-_ firmed by examination of additional material, including a co-type of boretha, in Mr. Cockle’s collection. Var. sordida Smith. Also described as a species, picked out of the same lot sent him by Cockle. An extract of the description is: “‘Dull sordid brown, more or less shaded with black and smoky Collar concolorous, with a black median line. . . . A diffuse black streak through basal space. Cell darker or even blackish, but not solid black filled. Subterminal line marked by a slight darkening of terminal space, and by a preceding series of black interspaceal marks. Claviform narrow, pointed. Orbicular small, round or ovate, ringed with yellowish. Reniform large, edged with black; with an inner ring of yellow scales, and the centre more or less yellowish and discoloured.’’ Described from 1 & and 5 22. He adds that the maculation is like that of some of the species of the ochrogaster series. With this remark I entirely agree. He states further: ‘It differs from boretha in the flattened appearance, and in the,concolorous orbicular, costa and collar. It varies in the amount of overlay in the median space, one example - being almost purplish black.’’ The flattened appearance is charac- teristic of the female, which sex predominated amongst his speci- mens called sordida. A comparison of the types with boretha certainly showed some contrast in the discoidal spots, but I do.not think I should ever have ventured a separation upon these char- acters in anything allied to an Euxoa. My notes say of types: “The male is near some forms of agrestis.’’ I matched the 2 type prettly closely with a Calgary o, which up to that time I had held as a unique, though since then I have been able to find links connecting it with the rest of my material. Mr. Cockle has 64. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST helped me liberally in this, and lent me, along with other speci- — mens, his sordida Q co-type. There remains yet another well-marked form of thanatologia, not included in any of the above descriptions, which I now describe as follows: Var perfida, var.nov. Head, collar, thorax and primaries even dull mahogany brown. A paler shade appears at the base below the median vein, sometimes pale sienna brown, sometimes greyish ochreous. This is usually very faint, diffuse, sometimes extending to the inner margin and sometimes taking the form of an ill-defined basal streak, extending to the outer extremity of the claviform. In some specimens the cross lines are barely indicated, and are rarely very distinct. The defining geminate portions may be just perceptibly darker than the ground, but they may be traceable only by the slightly paler filling of ochreous or sienna brown. Basal half line outwardly crenate in the interspaces. T. a. line al- most upright, outwardly crenate in the interspaces. T. p. line with the outer portion obsolete, inwardly crenate in the inter- spaces, evenly outcurved over the cell, direct from veins 3 or 2 to inner margin. S. t. line indicated by a slightly paler shade, of the same colour as the filling of the other lines and the basal shading. The veins are sometimes just perceptibly darker, and there are sometimes faintly pale intervenular streaks preceding and of the same shade as the subterminal line. Claviform faintly indicated by ochreous scales. Orbicular absolutely concolorous, round or oblique, very narrowly ringed with pale ochreous grey, incomplete superiorly. Reniform moderate, pale ochréous, incompletely paler ringed, with an irregular filling of the ground colour, which — is very slightly darker inferiorly. A very fine terminal darker line occasionally present, as is also a slightly paler line at the base of the fringes, which are the least shade paler than the ground colour. Secondaries not differing at all from other named forms of the species, dull fuscous, or faintly ochreous, white, dark fuscous outwardly, fringes whitish. The number of specimens now before me to which this descrip- tion applies is ten, all females, and I have never yet seen a male approaching this form. Localities: —Alberta: Calgary (6, 1 bred); eae» Sea THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 65 Red Deer River, (1); High River Baird, (1). Manitoba: Miniota, Dennis, (1). B. C.: Kaslo, Cockle, (1). Type—°, High River, Alta., Mr. Thomas Baird. This is the darkest and most even of all the specimens, and very closely resembles Holland’s plate XXIII, fig. 6, which is unquestionably this form, is probably a 9, and may be of a Calgary specimen. I consider this the more probable, as I sent Dr. Holland a number of Calgary specimens for figuring in that work, including the present form under the name “‘fitubatis’’ on the authority of:Smith. It 1s the No. 224 of my Alberta List, under the name “‘ punctigera,”’ on Smith's later authority (Can. Ent., XX XVII, 54, Feb., 1905). The form has no dead black markings whatsoever, and the general colour is very even. There is no darker basal streak, no indication of darker filling either in the discoidal spots or cell, except occasion- ally the slight inferior darkening of the reniform, no black dashes preceding the subterminal line, and the terminal space is usually of exactly the same colour as the rest of the ground, or barely perceptibly darker. _ As a rule, the only real contrast is the reni- form. The form is the one predominating at Calgary, very few years having passed when I have not taken at light or treacle at least a few specimens, and always females. . Moreover, I have very rarely taken any other forms here, and great was my surprise when I finally traced their connection with some other forms by means of comparison of types, and breeding, and a study of Kaslo material. I have not infrequently received the form from Manitoba and Saskatchewan. It occurs also at Banff, and I am under the im- pression that I have seen it from Vancouver Island. A few speci- mens were included in the material referred to as ‘‘ punctigera”’ in _ the Kootenai List, though thé bulk of the specimens were perfusca Grt. (cocklei Sm.),* occasional forms of which are certainly not unlike it. One of my Calgary females of perfida was taken by me in 1894 in cop. with a small dark red male, unfortunately rather worn, but practically indistinguishable from a small even red ochrogaster. For the next twenty years I never took a male at all like it which I did not feel tolerably safe in associating with ochro- _ gaster, though I saw a few similar males from Saskatchewan and *Can. Ent., XLIII, 339, Oct. 1911. 66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Manitoba, and have some from there now in my colledtion. The possibility of a mismate by the 1894 male still rendered the as- sociation doubtful, until Mr. Tams bred similar specimens from a dark female sordida, some of the results of which breeding are referred to in the explanation to Plate II, given below. Its like- ness to a red ochrogaster is so exact, that, though it well deserves a varietal name, I dare not risk description except from specimens bred from ‘a known parent, and I have not enough of such for distribution at present. Z I may summarize by briefly designating the named variations of this species as follows: E. thanatologia Dyar. Light grey, median and terminal space dark mahogany brown, contrasting. Black sagittate dashes preceding the subterminal line. Known in female sex only, var. boretha Smith. Dull sienna brown, with pale collar and costa. Cell black filled, spots contrastingly pale. Sagit- tate s. t. dashes. As a very grey female was included under this description, the name should be considered as applying to the red-brown form only. Females of this form appear to be very rare. var. sordida Smith. Uniform dull red-brown or blackish- brown, more or less shaded with black or smoky. Cell darker or blackish. Sagittate s. t. dashes. This is a considerably darker form than boretha, and lacks the pale ~ ‘collar and costa. The great majority seen of this form have been females. var. perfida Dod. Even dark aaligae brown with a very few pale ochreous or sienna brown lines and shadings. No black markings. Orbicular and reniform pale ringed, concolorous centrally, the reniform contrasting SORTS Re Known to me in the female sex only. As each of Smith’s descriptions was drawn from a series of speci- mens, no two of which were alike, it.seems best to fix the varietal names as nearly as possible fitting the actual types. The expanse of the species varies from 34 mm. (a captured o) to 43 mm., the males as a rule being the smallest. I think this is the most variable Euxoa known to me on this continent, with the oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 67 doubtful exceptions of auxiliars and tessellata. Mr. Cockle has shown me a specimen rather strongly divergent from any I had previously seen, though in conjunction with the rest thereare indications that it probably belongs here. It is the specimen referred to as gagates Grt. in the Kootenai List, and bore a label -on Smith’s authority ‘‘balintis.”” Though it certainly suggests a dull form of the latter, I think thanatologia the more probable. Though I have mentioned that certain variations bear more or less resemblance to several other species, and may possibly be confused with them, the general relationship is perhaps really closer to ochrogaster than to any other. The wing form is very ‘similar. In fact, as already stated, I believe males are frequently inseparable superficially, though the larve are very different. The male antenne in ochrogaster are usually a little more strongly serrate, but this difference is not reliable. The female abdomen of thanatologia is, however, more depressed and laterally cylindrical. Punctigera has several nearer allies, though so far as it is yet known, it is a dark brown little-marked form much after _ the manner of perfida, but is a broader winged species, has rougher scaling, and lacks the depressed abdomen in the female. It should _ be remarked, however, that this latter character varies somewhat in any species, according to the age at death, feeding, and degree of egg development in the individual. Titubatis Sm. (= intrita Morr.) is another species having a dull mahogany, poorly-marked form, extremely like perfida in colour, but it has shorter and more trigonate wings, differs in details of maculation, has more quadrate thorax with heavier vestiture, and very distinctly longer serrations to male antenne. The confusion of occasional females is quite excusable. Dr. Dyar refered his species to Porosagrotis on the strength of _ its possessing stout tibial claws. The character is a variable one throughout Exxoa, and is not a reliable guide. Smith stated that the form of the mafe genitalia was the only character which dis- tinguished the genus. I admit not having so far examined them, but surely a genus based on genital structure is scarcely valid. The reference to Chorizagrotis was based on the flattened form of the abdomen, particularly in the female, and the narrow, elongate primaries. Sir George Hampson treats the genus as a section of 68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Euxoa, having male antennz, minutely serrate-fasciculate. _In the present species they vary from almost simple fasciculate, to what he would call ‘‘moderately”’ serrate-fasciculate, variation being noticeable in specimens bred from the same female. The general rule for the oo is, however, minutely serrate-fasciculate as in auxiliaris. Thanatologia flies from the latter end of June till about is middle of September. My earliest record is June 30th. EXPLANATION OF PLATEs IIT AND IV. PuiateE III. 1—Euxoa querula Dod, @ co-type. Red River, near Gleichen. 2— -‘ querula, 2 type. Red Deer River, near Gleichen. (Can. Ent., XLVII, 36, No. 625, Feb., 1915.) De-° ~ scribed under Rhizagrotis, which is treated by Hampson as a section of Euxoa with ciliate male -antenne. 3— ‘ Jagena Grt, o&. Stockton, Utah. 4— “ Jagena Grt., 9. Eureka, Utah. 5—Cardepia mutata Dod, &@ type. Calgary. (Can. Ent., XLV, 29, No. 299, Feb. 1913.) Described under Mamestra, but referred by Hampson (in litt.) as a Cardepia, very near nova Smith. By structural characters this reference seems correct. 6—Scotogramma trifolii Rott., var. albifusa Walk. &, Montreal (Winn.) Trifolii_is referred to Scotogramma by Hampson. 7—Cucullia omissa Dod, o& type. Calgary. s— “ asteroidesGn., 2. Aweme, Man. In collection of N.- Criddle. g9— “* postera Gn., 2. Calgary. 10— “* montane Grt., o’. Calgary. l11— “ . indicataSm., @ type. Sheep Creek, near Calgary. I have referred this name to obscurior Smith, and both to florea Gn. The colour is blue grey, very near that of intermedia. 12—. * similaris Grt., &. Didsbury, Alta. Can. Ent., Vor. XLVIII. PLATE IV. NOCTUID MOTHS FROM WESTERN CANADA, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 PLATE IV. . 1—Euxoa thanatologia Dyar, var. sordida Smith., 2. Calgary. ee 4 Sy A “ce Lene “ As for making a living by collecting, a few exceptions prove the rule of its futility. An enterprising young woman in the far west, taught by her father, a veteran collector, caught both place and psychological moment. She sold her season’s catch from an untraveled mountain pass for a price which sent her through college. But how many others could get a tenth as much? Could any half-trained collector get a cent a piece for a season’s catch, _unless from some very remote place? A collector well trained in beetle study, whose home territory is in the mountains seldom traveled, writes to me that with constant labour he can hardly average $5 a week. A favorite way of collecting is to get ‘‘grubstaked.’”’ Some naturalist wants to visit some rare locality and collects funds from his friends, each contributor to take pay in “results,” one _ taking beetles, another Orthoptera, etc. Of a score of such trips ‘ 4112 THE CANADIAN. ENTOMOLOGIST. taken or planned during the last five years I do not recall one that — was successful. During three years of editorship I have received probably a thousand letters of which a sample is: ‘‘I have sixteen cecropia cocoons, two Luna, three Promethea, and one Polyphemus. What can I get for them?’’ What can one reply when he gives away each year several bushels of them for school study? Even the practice of ‘‘exchanging’’ seems to be in decay. One reason for this is, no doubt, due to the lack of idea of fairness in giving value for value. Another is that the Lepidoptera have been so well distributed that there is little left to exchange. A while ago a selection of four hundred names was taken from the Naturalists’ Directory, all marked as desiring to exchange in some province. All these were written to. A dozen replies were re- ceived, mostly to say that no more interest was taken. Not one was inclined to start exchanges on any basis whatever. In a Pacific Coast city, where Natural History has lately received a great impetus, there are sixty lads frequenting a newly established Museum, who have written broadcast, wanting to give their local butterflies in exchange for those of any other part of North America, I doubt if between them all they have received ten letters of en- couragement. Is there no pleasant side to the story? Do not some make money? Yes, many. A farmer in California allows the Dutch- man’s Pipe to grow in some of his fence corners. He takes enough chrysalids of Papilio philenor to pay the annual taxes on the whole farm. An assistant janitor of a big building in Brooklyn loves his Sunday afternoon walk in the country. One day he gathered 50,000 hibernating squashbugs (Anasa tristis) and sold them. He cleared $90 in twenty walks and had lots of fun besides. One day a party of us were on Rockaway Beach when-Anosia plexippus was swarming on the way south. They were numb with cold and easy to pick as blackberries. A day’s work would have in- cluded less than, say, 20,000 of them, and they found a ready market at a cent and a half. -Not a bad day for some of our collectors, whose pay envelope contains perhaps $12 per week. A Newark collector has walked under the electric lights every warm evening for many years. He has thus aided his health; CN a ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 113 got many rare moths, many tropical Sphingids for his own collec- tion, and half a dozen times a year he can fill a six-quart pail with Tropisternus triangularis or Benacus griseus to go to. some college for biological class room work at, perhaps, $20 a pailful. This seems worth while. ; There is something even more worth while. Love of the great ‘“‘all out-doors’’ is its own reward. The world needs more Fabres, more Thoreaus, to transmit knowledge gained by keen and constant observation. For every hundred present casual observers there should be a hundred thousand. The things to see, to ponder over, are infinite. No Sunday afternoon ‘‘movie”’ show has a fraction of the interest of ten square yards of vacant city lot. There is no neglected, tangled corner in swamp or fallow field that does not teem with life, that does not afford far more profit to him who seeks patiently than the fabled Five Thousand Dellar Butterfly. DESCRIPTION OF ELEVEN NEW SPECIES OF CHALCID FLIES. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. (Continued from page 103.) Thymus, new genus of Tetrastichini. Genotype—Encyrtus albocinctus Ashmead. Encyrtus chionaspidis Howard. Genotype of Adelencyrtus Ashmead. Frons subprominent, moderate in width. Mandibles tridentate, the third tooth truncate, yet with a concave apex. Marginal vein thrice longer than wide, the postmarginal and stigmal veins subequal, each about two- thirds the length of the marginal. Funicle 6 a little wider than long, 1 twice wider than long. Antenne pale yellow, the pedicel ‘ie above and distal club joint dusky. Fore wings very finely ciliate. Face much inflexed. Thorax dorsad flattened. Cheeks as long asthe eyes. Runs very close to Epiencyrtoides Girault. The coxe are white. The caudal femur and the flagellum are concolorous Scutellum with somewhat rougher sculpture than the scutum. Axille very narrow, not quite meeting. Small. From the types in the U.S.N.M.: April, 1916 114 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Baoanusia africana, n. sp. Female—Length 1.35 mm. Differs from the description of the genotype as follows: The club is only somewhat longer than the funicle; funicles 5 and 6are white; the dorsal apex of the second tooth of the mandibles is tooth- like, appearing nearly as a small intermediate tooth; the marginal vein is only about twice longer than wide, subequal to the post- marginal, the stigmal somewhat shorter; only the tips of the tibia, the tarsi (except last joint) and a band on caudal tibia just below the knee, are yellowish white (a broader band at base of middle tibiz) ; otherwise about the same. Scutellum with velvety appear- ance. Hairless line of fore wing with only about 4-5 loose lines of cilia proximad of it. Club obliquely truncate from the base of joint 3. Funicle 6 a little longer than 1, much wider. The male has the knees somewhat pale, the frons distinctly broader, the facial inflexion less, the antenne inserted higher and- with a long ridge-like carina between them. The antenne (except the pedicel) are reddish brown, the joints of the funicle excised and bearing two whorls of long hairs, 3 and 4 longest, over twice longer than wide, 1 about a half longer than wide, 6 a little shorter. Scape short and stout. Club solid, distinctly longer than the body of the scape, over thrice longer than wide. Described from two males, four females in the U.S.N.M., labelled ‘‘ Parasite of Lecanium ole@, Cape Colgny, South Africa, C. P. Lounsbury.”’ Types—Catalogue No. 19920, U.S.N.M:, the above specimens on a tag. Catolaccus perdubhius, n. sp. Female—Length usual. Differs from nigroeneus Ashmead, which is the same in the female as celiodis Ashmead in that the tibia in both sexes are deep metallic blue-black (in the other species only lightly embrowned, more so at base), andthe male is like the male of incertus. Differs from incertus Ashmead in that the funicle joints are all short, 6 only slightly shorter than 1, subquadrate, 1 slightly longer than wide, shorter than the moderate pedicel. Described from a large number of each sex reared in connection with the strawberry weevil, St. Paul, Minnesota (S. Marcovitch). ’ y c s § b, : , THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 115 Compared with types of the named species. Types—Catalogue No. 19921, U.'SSN.M., two males, four females on two tags, a female head and hind leg on a slide. Hyssopus, n. gen. of Ophelinini. Female—Agrees with the description of Dichatomus Foerster, but the scutellum bears the lateral grooves which join around the apex, and there is but one very short ring-joint (but the base of funicle 1 is rimmed like a second one). Club without a terminal nipple, distinctly 2-jointed. Propodeum with a distinct median carina and a lateral carina, which runs directly from the spiracle. Mandibles 7-dentate, 6 and 7 small, feebly divided. The large, quadrate pronotum longer than the scutum: Abdomen subsessile, flattened, a little longer than the thorax. Cephalic tibia without a strigil, the spur short and straight. Marginal vein subequal to the submarginal, the stigmal slender, about a third of the length of the marginal, shorter than the postmarginal. Hyssopus thymus, n. sp. (Genotype). Female—Length 0.85 mm. Very dark, nearly black, the wings hyaline, the thorax scaly, the propodeum glabrous, the trochanters, tips of tibiz broadly, and the tarsi yellow, the venation dusky yellow. Pedicel a half longer than wide, a half longer than funicle 1, which is a little longer than wide and longest, 2 and 3 wider than long (2 a little the shortest) 4a little wider than long, larger than 3. Club ovate, wider than the funicle, its first joint largest. Marginal fringes of the fore wing a little longer than usual. Propodeum latero-dorsad distinctly pubescent. Tarsal joints not long. Described from one female on a tag in the U.S. N. M., labeled “Lincoln, Nebraska, Webster No. 2142. G. I. Reeves.” Type—Catalogue No. 19922, U.S.N.M., the above specimen plus a slide bearing a fore and hind leg, the head and a fore wing. Diglyphus maculipennis Ashmead. (Genotype of Diglypho- morpha Ashmead.) Caudal tibial spur single (?), distinct. Mandibles 9-dentate. Antenne 8-jointed, without ring-joint, the club 2-jointed ending conically, not distinctly nippled. Parapsidal furrows complete, delicate. Axille not advanced. Lateral grooves of scutellum nearly joined around the apex. Propodeum with a distinct median 116 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. carina, long, with a lateral obtuse sulcus, and between these, delicate (a few) curved rug; spiracles minute. Antenne inserted a little below the middle of the face. Axillae and scutellum polished. Head with scattered punctures. Abdomen glabrous, yellowish -mesad along basal third or more (dorsal), Club 1 longest. Funicle 1 longest, about twice longer than wide, 4 barely longer than wide; larger than the small pedicel. Blotch on fore wing terminates distad at the apex of the stigmal vein and extends proximad along — under most of the marginal. Postmarginal vein a third shorter sthan the stigmal, in a wing of one specimen; as described in the other. Original description otherwise about correct. From two female types in the U.S.N.M. (a slide bearing a head, wings and a hind tibia). ; D. albipes Ashmead, male, is a Sympiesomorphelleus, and bears two caudal tibial spurs. Its colour description is correct, but the specimen is a female and is described above. Pirene marylandica, n. sp. -Female—Length 0.80 mm., excluding the ovipositor, which is extruded for a third of the abdomen’s length. A=neous black, the wings hyaline, the tips of tibia and proximal four tarsal joints yellowish white; tip of scape distinctly and funicles 1-3 silvery white. Postmarginal and stigmal veins subequal, short, the marginal slender yet somewhat shorter than the submarginal. Scape obclavate; pedicel distinctly longer than wide at apex, longer than funicle 5, which is largest, large but somewhat wider than long; funicles 1-3 like ring-joints (in the Pteromalidz), no transverse-linear ring-joint present), 1-2 subequal, 3 larger, a third | the length of 4, which is about half the size of 5. Club large, ovate, with a small terminal nipple, as long as the funicle. Flagellum with scattered minute hairs. Form as in Parecrizotes Girault. Body finely. scaly, the propodeum smooth, noncarinate. Legs not stout, the caudal femur a little compressed. Parapsidal furrows complete. Mandibles spreading, 4-dentate. Maxillary palpi 2- jointed apparently, the distal joint long. Described from two females captured by sweeping meadows, ‘September 30, 1915, at Hillmead (Glenndale), Prince George Co., Maryland. Type—Catalogue No. 19924, U.S.N.M., one of the above specimens on a tag, the head and hind tibia on a slide. ae >: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST EEE FLIES. BY NATHAN BANKS, EAST FALLS CHURCH, VA. __ _ The Limnephilide are the most prominent family of caddice- flies in temperate regions. Their classification has been largely based on the spur formula; this is undoubtedly valuable, but as it. broke down. in places, I have tried many times to find other char- acters. I divided the group into two on the presence or absence of spines on the under side of the last joint of the hind tarsi. Dr. Ulmer has brought up a few-exceptions. Some I believe are due: to the fact that the species is wrongly placed, but in certain Chetop- _ teryx it does not hold, but when used in connection with the arma- ture of the front tibiz, it is decisive. The venation in this family _is most distressingly uniform, and I have found little not already utilized. The large bristles back or inward of the ocelli I have- used as of generic value; and the development of the strips of bristles on the mesothorax I also consider important. I had hoped to find more characters in the face, and palpi; and think that the vestiture of face may yet be used with success. However, I present this preliminary table in the hope that its use may dis-. cover the weak points and suggest new characters. I am loath to make so many new genera; but I believe that all are distinct groups, and future study may show some of them to be better ee i as subgenera. 4 KEY TO THE GENERA OF LIMNEPHILID&. Bel, Last joint of hind tarsus with one or more distinct “(usually black) spines beneath; tibia I always spined to . TNA RRS Ea edie Catena > Sant on eR (Limnephiline) 2 Last joint of hind tarsus without a distinct spine beneath: ‘if one is occasionally present, then the tibia I is not spined : ESTE et OG Renan i ey Ea aE (Drusine) 18: _ 2. No prominent macrochete behind or inward from ocelli,. although sometimes hairs much smaller than macrochetz; tips of fore wings not obliquely truncate.........000.00.0000.00000... 3: At least one prominent macrocheta behind or inward from each ocellus, about equal in size to the macrochete of the: posterior warts; tips of fore wings often obliquely Ey ERE ata E Ores areas eye sq ocevve ski ads sortes'- os Shadefist tee se ras 13: April, 1916 2 ;, A TLE TP a aE TT IL AP SEN Pe 118. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3. “o. 10. Bristles on the veins no longer than those on the membrane, or barely. so; membrane not granulate; median part of mesonotum with some bristle-bearing granules; the prono- | tum rather large; hind wings much excised on outer margin. 4 Bristles on the veins noticeably longer than those on the mem- brane;_ median part of the mesonotum without bristle- bearing granules; hind wings scarcely excised on outer MARS 2B ed Bisa OE ee cs sgt shape eke eee 5 . Outer margin of fore wings sinuately emarginate; vertex without distinct posterior warts ....00000..000.... Glyphotelius. Outer margin of fore wings not emarginate; posterior warts distinct. Se CEs Cee ee ..... Arctecia. In hind wings a cross-vein between the subcosta and radius near tip; vertex convex, smooth, posterior warts reduced «AAV ane era ee ee Astenophylax. ‘No such cross-vein in the hind wings, vertex flat; posterior warts well developed...............: s dagevkdkdul ii eas an 6 Vertex, part of thorax, and fore wings with dense appressed - hair; basal cross-veins very weak; fore wings not granulate, with a median silvery stripe............... Hesperophylax, n. gen. (Platyphylax occidentalis Bks.) Vertex not with dense appressed hair..........0:..0000.000.cceiee 7 Spurs 1, 2, 2, in hind wings the discal cell does not reach before the median fork; fore wing roughened..Allegophylax, n. gen. (Platyphylax subfasciata Say). Spurs: 1S, 3) or hi, Sy 4 ec eaes eeCRe 8 Spurs 3°34 ods wire ks. 6 BAe ae Se 9 DMEM pai Sah eh one Se ahs sans ecg re, ann ee ee 1L In the hind wings the discal cell reaches plainly before the forking of the median vein....................c.cc tte pepe. tt In the hind wings the discal cell not before the forking of median vein; membrane of fore wings roumhened (320k iis ee ee Eustenace, n. gen. (Stenophylax limbatus McL.) Large species; wings very broad; in fore wings the front side of discal cell is slightly coneave.........0...00.0........ Stenophylax. Smaller species: elongate wings; in fore wings the front side of discal cell is nearly straight........................ Rhadicoleptus. TGC, Oe we - ’ ay Pe Meera er ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST... 119 11. 12 15. 16. 44, In the hind wings the discal cell but little if any before the forking of the median vein; second apical cell of fore wings. wide at base, membrane granulate...................... Pycnopsyche. In the hind wings the discal cell plainly before the forking of Ne MIR eid ii cel cet. Soe et aaah 12 Large full winged species; membrane not NS ima Renee Eds oy PRP DoS ga TSEC Clistoronia, n. gen. (Halesus magnus Bks.) Small, female. short-winged; hairs on the membrane of fore wing as long as those on the veins............ Psychoronia, n. gen. (Psilopteryx brevipennis Bks.) . Anal cell not divided at base; spurs 1, 3, 3; fourth apical cell ame tancl wings broad: 6.2). 6p. cheesy Platycentropus. Anal cell divided as usual at base; spurs usually 1, 3, 4.......... 14 . Fifth joint of tarsus I with spines beneath; bristles on veins barely longer than on the membrane............ Grammotaulius. Fifth joint of tarsus I without spines beneath; bristles on veins much longer than those on membrane.................0....6.00....006.. 15 Hind wings strongly emarginate on outer margin near end of the cubitus; pronotum large and prominent; discoidal cell OR DOR aie SC IEF SAME thes Sh ae 0) LE a ES aD 16 Hind wings scarcely emarginate at end of cubitus; pronotum ESN EIS Seer oi OSU Vo Core ee TR Or a 17 Fore wings long and slender, tips rounded................ Anabolina. Fore wings shorter, tips more acute; ; Pronotum . RS SP ides nd har 20. “a pee Ah Lise aic hl hetagi oe aa wees Colpotaulius. Fourth apical cell in hind wings narrowed at base; mesothoracic strips long; outer margin of fore wings UNEASE ee BERGE GRE ARE ELS MERE RY om EP Limnephilus. Fourth apical cell in hind wings not narrowed at base; meso- thoracic strips short; outer margin of fore wings more TN SRDM IE Ss ae A nec ot le ot Se TN ap ER Anabolia. _ 18. Bristle-bearing granules scattered over the mesonotum without leaving a median smooth area; pronotum large and promi- nent; fork 3 in both wings pedicellate; SE GN TIE Sa Aine tie et ea EL a oad. ci Leptophylax. Bristle-bearing granules arranged in two strips, leaving a ETS) B.S oS POR: S 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —— 19. Posterior and anterior anastomoses of fore wings not separated; no macrochetz behind ocelli; forks 1 and 3 in hind wings pedicellate; spurs. 1; 34.02.60, FS a eee Homophylax. Posterior anastomosis at least width of a cell before the anterior anastomosis: 5.0.5.8 Gay. Raster eshte eee --20 20. Outer margin of fore wings sinuately excised; macrochetz behind ocelli; spurs 1, 2, 2........0.......4................Glyphopsyche. Outer margin of fore Wings ENtire..........8 ecco cceeeeeeeleegenneeen 21 21. Fork 3 absent in hind wings......................... hoes ol 22 Fork 3 present in hind wings..7.0)..00.....5.../G..0:6...c4..eeee 23: 22. Spurs 1, 3, 3; no wart between ocelli and the posterior Warts Eon icles Ce ae Oligophlebodes. Spurs 1, 2, 2;a distinct wart between the ocelli and the posterior J Warts 6s Sv lewis anc sel oeeenoaens Be Neophylax. 23. Stigma with a cross-vein at its base, or at least strongly SOPTRCOGUS 3. oe ee aa 24 Stigma without cross-vein, and not especially prominent........ 27 24. First apical cell narrowed at base; stigma not very prominent, but with cross-veins -atbase. 040 .,200\. Sinica vee First apical cell broad at base; stigma coriaceous.................. ed 25. Spurs 1, 2, 4; discal cell of hind wings open................ A patania. Spurs 1, 3, 4; discal cell of hind wings be. closed =. 22.4 eis hase ae ote Allomyia, n. gen. (A patania tripunctata Bks.) 26..Spurs 1, 3, 3; membrane not granulate nor : POUgheNeH Fe, 25s. Bae epee Halesechila. Spurs 1, 2, 2; membrane more or less granulate; hairs on mem- brane as lasigg as those on the veins.................00. Chilostigma. _ 27. Each cheek with a prominent spine beneath; first apical cell extending a long way back on the discal re}! ROROMR wRD PRR once ip Sais, Ee ha ele ein bpet eee Allophylax, No such spine ‘on the cheek... 3.ion. i.e 28 28 A large tuft of long hairs at anal base of fore wings; outer fringe on coxa I. longer than width of coxa; antenne strongly crenulate beneath; ocelli large; tibia I densely spined to base; bristles of veins not prominent; in hind wings discal cell reaches long before forking of median vein; large SPECIES ola Ae astute oe eet ae Dicosmecus. eae as “ 1 = si = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST oe _ Hair at anal base shorter, less dense, and that on anterior coxe short; smaller species; les of veins usually distinct........ 29 29. (RE STS OIA (aes aGltte SRS Sachi bop Pal Se se LE 30 eemeattet, 2-2, Or 4,2, 4, OF); SiS. oe Ai hed eileen 32 30. Anal cell not divided at base; basal veins obsolete; radius bent at stigma; an ocellar macrocheta............ Hylepsyche, n. gen. (Halesus indistinctus Walk.) Anal cell divided as usual, most of basal cross-veins ee redistinct....: 6 ci.0.. Rated Come tenet a ries tat cin Seen 31 - $1. Radius bent at stigma, which is very distinct; membrane not ie 0 DITS eT Sco a Le a ik EP ett oe eae ere Halesochila. Radius scarcely bent at stigma, which is not especially distinct; meee = no-ocellar macrochete. 05 66... io hee: Drusus. 82. Spurs 1, 3, 4; no distinct ocellar macrochet@..........000.000000........ 33 Spurs 1, 2,2, or 1, 2, 4.0.00... ViMiMleme Asta its eh esi 35 33. Fork 3 in fore wings acute at base, sometimes mmabetiete 2 /h ee er teh ee Algonquina, n. gen. (Parachiona parvula Bks ). Fork 3 in fore wings not acute, but reaching before the Aer SEL CaTESEs UE SE Wt ec gt aR A A 34 34. Anastomosis is placed before end of the subcosta; the apical | Sp ls. Sl cement pos Dra dike Dan: > poten eae Rok Anisogamus. - Anastomosis beyond end sf he subcosta, apical cells ny oe 42 St ar eee ee A polopsyche, n. gen. (Stenophylax minusculus Bks.) : 35. Ocellar macrochetz present; spurs 1, 2, 4; wings rather narrow, first fork reaches a long distance back on discal Walt NE ica Hs ae fae 2 te ee PaSG Nhaitegessh Ecclisomyia. ~ Ocellar macrochetz absent, spurs 1, 2, 2, or 0, 2, 2; membrane LEN ETS ESO Eo fece Of Shic S De lk NRE RCE, oe ane 36 _ 36. Discal cell shorter than the etic or barely RE re i Me A ORE acts sete tba ducks: Potamorites. Discal cell much longer than its pedicel......0...0000.00.00000000.. 37 87. Radial vein scarcely bent at the stigma, wings less OR ey ESS Se SRS CTs a ca Tronoquia. _ (Chetopterygopsis parvula Bks.). Radial vein strongly bent at the stigma; wings SIS seh fesse ck LGA SW 08 CORR CREDA Chilostigma. 122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON THE GENERA Arctecia—Includes A consocia Walk. The genus Philarctus is very close and perhaps identical. S Hesperophylax and Allegophylax— These were formerly in- cluded in Platyphylax, but, as already noted by McLachlan and Ulmer, not congeneric. Allegophylax also includes P. lepida Hag. Eustenace—Includes also the Stenophylax gentilis of McLachlan. _ Rhadicoleptus—Our Asynarchus fumosus and A. flavicollis will go in Wallengren’s genus, and are quite different in appearance — from the typical broad winged Stenophylax. Asynarchus—The type species, A. fusorius, will run to Anabolia, and I see little reason for separating it; various other species, teratus, amurensis, etc., will aslo go to Anabolia, but A. cenosus runs to Stenophylax; it should form another genus: Clistoronia and Psychoronia include each only a single species. ‘Allomyia includes but one species. Drusus—In this I include Halesus sparsus Bks. from New- foundland. Halesus—lI do not find any true representatives of this in our fauna; in the above table it would run out near Platycentropus, having ocellar macrochetz, and 1, 3, 3 spurs; but the anal area is normally divided. Ecclisomyia—The European Ecclisopteryx has spurs 1, 2, 3; first fork not so far back on discal cell, and no ocellar macrochete. Algonquina, type Parachiona parvula Bks., I propose for several species which I formerly kept in Parachiona, but the latter is quite different. Ironoquia—Includes only the one species I have previously placed in Chetoplerygopsis. In this latter genus there are ocellar macrochete. The genera Heliconius and Anisitella are really. ' Chetopterygopsis with a variation in spur formula; they have the same peculiar fore wings, and also ocellar macrocheta. Catadice has no ocellar macrochete. / Limnephilus—This genus contains by far a larger number of species than any other genus in the family, and several are rather aberrant and show affinity to Anabolia. Goniotaulius should be maintained, but I have not been able to find characters, except that the ocellar macrochete are nearer to each other than in the true Limnephilus. ed ade a" Hi) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 123 — twor DIPTERA OF THE GENUS RHAMPHOMYIA FROM Be : COLORADO. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. The large and varied genus Rhamphomyia (Empidide) is known to be of considerable antiquity; no less than twelve species having been described by Meunier from Baltic Amber.: | a _ It is therefore not surprising to find a species in the Miocene shales at Florissant. . ‘Rhamphomyia sepulta, n. sp. Length 6 mm.; length of wing 5.65 mm.; wings brownish, no stigmatic cloud; head, thorax and legs black; abdomen slender, pallid; eyes well separated on vertex (the specimen apparently a female); antennze with third joint elongate, but not so long and slender as in the amber species R. errabunda, edaloides and obtusa. Venation of wings normal for the genus, the third longitudinal vein simple; anal lobe large and abrupt, the lower margin before the lobe with small bristles as in recent species; second anal vein continuing in a straight or nearly straight line apicad, not de- - ___ flected downward at the basal corner of the anal lobe. The follow- -o. altitude. ing measurements are in microns: Level of humeral cross-vein to separation of second and third veins, 720; end of second vein to end of third (in a straight line), 640; discal cell on first basal, 240; discal cell on second basal, 304; discal on second poste~ior, 80; discal on third posterior, 320; upper side of discal, 800. Miocene shales of Florissant, Colorado, Station 13 (S. A. Rohwer). I take occasion to describe also a living species from a high Rhamphomyia calvimontis, n. sp. _ Male—Length 6 mm.; length of wing 7.5; shining black, with long black hair on head and dorsum of thorax; the face has a | z _ little black hair, a character of Neocota Coq., but the species does ___ not seem otherwise allied to the type of that genus; sides of thorax ____ grey-pollinose; abdomen with glistening creamy-white hair, a stiff band of bright ferruginous hair on the ventral surface sub- apically (0 in figure); wings grey. Metapleural bristles present. Legs entirely black. In Coquillett’s key (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XVIII, pp. 410-418) it runs next to the Californian R. duPlicis. It is not identical with any of the species since described from April, 1916 124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Alaska. Compared with R. duplicts, it is larger; eyes contiguous above, but the facets practically equal in size; antenne black, third joint sublanceolate, the style about half its length; proboscis over 2 mm. long; thorax without dorsal pollinose vitte; scutellum with numerous Fig. 2h, Rhamphomyie sepulie: discal cell. (many more than six) Cf end, her Sean long black hairs; front and hind basitarsi large and hairy, middle ones small; knob of halteres ‘dark brown. The second anal vein, differently from the fossil, is abruptly deflected downward at the basal corner of the anal lobe. In Bezzi’s key of South American Rhamphomyia (1909) this falls nearest to R. limbipennis Bezzi. Above timber-line, in the Arctic- Alpine zone, Baldy Mtn., Boulder County, Colorado, July 24, 1915. (Cockerell.) I take occasion to correct two misprints in former papers on Diptera. In Can. Ent., 1915, p. 316, read Chironomus guate- maltecus; and p. 351, in fourth line of description, read greyish — instead of greenish. NEW SPECIES OF EUTETTIX AND PHLEPSIUS (HOMOPTERA). BY E. D. BALL, LOGAN, UTAH. The genus Eutettix is one of the most interesting of the groups of leaf-hoppers in the diversity of food plants of the different species, and at the same time in the constancy with which a given species is confined to its host. At the time the writer published the review of this genus little was known of the life-histories or food plants of a number of western species of the strobi group. From circumstantial evi- dence it was thought that saucia would probably be found to occur on Eriogonum. Since that time this species has been found in some numbers on a species of this plant in California. The type specimens of columbiana described below were taken from — April, 1916 a ae el THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 125 another species of this same genus of plants. The type of nevada . BS: from still another, while the type of rubida came from a location _in which a species of Eriogonum grew and the colour of the plant ee would harmonize better with the striking shade of red of the insect than any other plant there. In addition to these records, pannosa has been found to be strictly confined to a shrubby species of Eriogonum on the hills of California. Another record which again shows diversity in food plants is that of osborni, which has been found by Van Duzee to be strictly confined to a species of Tamarix in California. Eutettix columbiana, n. sp. Resembling perelegantis and mildrede, but lighter in colour and lacking the definite shades of orange and olive. Form of saucia nearly. Length: @ 5 mm. Vertex roundingly right angled, the apex blunt, disc slightly sloping, depressed before the margin. Pronotum as in saucia, lacking the definite gibbous appearance of perelegantis. Venation “as in saucia. Colour ivory white, with a pale tawny and olive brown saddle - with black points. Vertex creamy, with traces of four brown _ points on the margin, a pair of rather large irregular spots on the posterior submargin a little more than-their own width from the ee eyes. Face and below creamy. Pronotum ivory, mottled with olive and brown, omitting the lateral and most of the anterior margin; two definite black spots behind the inner angle of either Pe eye and two irregular ones nearer the median line. Scutellum creamy, the lateral angles olive brown. Elytra ivory sub-hyaline, with an olive brown saddle as in saucia, but lighter or wanting os along the sutures, and with three definite dark points extending almost to the claval suture, ap cloud reduced to spots on third and fourth nervures. Genitalia of male as in saucia. “Described from two males. from Wenatchee, Washington, collected by the writer. From saucia this species can be separated a __ by the definite black spots on the pronotum, from perelegantis by _ the structure of head and pronotum. 126 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Eutettix nevada, n sp. Form of saucia nearly, with a similar saddle. Colour of texana or a pale pannosa. Length: 9 4.6 mm. Vertex similar to saucia, slightly less sloping, pronotum very flat, much less arched than in saucia. Front very full, roundingly right angled with vertex. Venation as in pannosa. Colour creamy white, mottled and washed with pale olive brown. Vertex creamy, traces of four brown spots on anterior submargin, three large, slightly irregular mottled areas along the posterior margin, the median one nearly rectangular, the lateral ‘ ones nearly circular. Pronotum mottled with pale brown, omitting the lateral margins and three narrow stripes on the disc. Scutelium mottled with pale brown, with two stripes. Elytra milky with the saddle of a pale mottled brown, omitting an irregular sutural stripe. The ivory margin along the claval suture is narrow and regular as in pannosa, without the posterior enlargement, as in scitula, and without the usual distinct dark margins. The saddle extends to costa, but the apical cloud is reduced to a few reticula- tions A number of strong reticulations on basal area of the corium below the saddle. Genitalia: Female segment rather long, slightly rounding posteriorly, with a slight, rather broad strap-shaped projection, which is dark-lined back on to the segment. Described from a single female collected at Wells, Nevada, by the writer. The short head will separate this species from pannosa, while the strongly margined saddle renders it quite distinct from saucia. Its mottled appearance suggests fexana, but that species does not have a saddle. Eutettix rubida, n. sp. Form of pannosa nearly. Shorter and broader with short apical cells. Colour and pattern of saucia nearly. Length: @ 4 mm. Vertex and pronotum nearly flat as in pannosa. Vertex broader than in that species and equally long, the apex slightly obtusely angled. Whole margin inclined to be thin and slightly upturned before the depression. Elytra very broad and _ short. , nd 7~ = ; ee ahs a 3 ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 127 -Venation similar to saucia, except that the apical cells are only one-half as long., The central apical cell equally broad and long. Colour red-brown and ivory. Vertex testaceous, the margins ivory, with four large nearly quadrangular spots before the de- pression. Pronotum densely mottled with rusty brown, omitting the lateral margins. Scutellum rusty brown. Elytra ivory, with a dark rusty brown saddle of the saucia pattern, the line next the © claval suture nearly straight and not dark margined, the apical cells densely clouded. Genitalia: Female segment moderately long, nearly truncate, ~ with a broad, short, bilobed projection. Described from a single female taken by the writer in Logan “Canyon, Utah, altitude 6,000 feet. This is a strikingly distinct species, in the broad short form, short apical cells and long flat vertex. Eutettix insana var. coronata, n. var. Skightly smaller and paler than imsana, with a variable number of black spots. Length 3 mm. Vertex and pronotum shorter and broader than in insana. Elytra shorter and inclined to be more flaring. Colour white as in Phlepsius denudatus, rather than green, as in typical zmsana, with a much smaller number of the ‘‘ peppered”’ dots and a variable number of black spots. These black spots __ including all or part of the following: A pair of slightly oblique __ lines behind the middle of the vertex, six dots in an arcuated line on the anterior submargin of pronotum, the outer ones usually largest and located just behind the inner angle of the eye, four large black spots in a slightly curved line on the anterior part of the scutellum, two minute points on the lateral margins of the S scutellum, four pair of equidistant spots along sutural margins of __ elytra, the third and largest pair at the claval apices, four spots on each elytron in an approximately straight line between the posterior angle of the pronotum and the second costal nervure, the first two in this row slightly in advance of the corresponding _ sutural spots, the second two opposite. These spots are all variable ___ in size, and some are often wanting. - Described from two females and two males from Mojave; = e) . . -* . . ‘ California, collected by the writer. This is a much smaller and 128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. paler form than typical imsana, and with the definite spotting would not be easily recognized as belonging to that species. Eutettix (Mesamia) coloradensis var. visalia, n. var. Form of coloradensis. Pale fulvous, with light flecks on elytra. Colour and general appearance of johnsoni, except for the black points on vertex. Vertex and face pale fulvous, with the line wanting or only slightly indicated in tawny. Pronotum and scutellum pale fulvous without definite markings. Elytra with the claval areas pale fulvous more or less flecked with oblong milky spots. Corium fulvous sub-hyaline, the nervures tawny and usually a tawny spot between the two cross nervures and faint dusky spots in the centres of the apical cells. mgd Described. from two females and two males from Visalia, California, collected by the writer on Artemisia dracunculoides. If this had not been the food plant to which coloradensts is strictly confined this variety would ‘scarcely have been referred to this species, as the colour is so strikingly different. The finding of this colour variety indicates a closer relationship between the nigrodorsum and vitellina groups than was even eid se: when — they were placed in the same subgenus. Phlepsius loculatus, n. sp. Resembling a diminutive costomaculatus in appearance, but much smaller. White, with two stripes and coarse elytral reticula- tions dark. Length 3-3.5 mm. ; . Head with the eyes much wider than pronotum; vertex narrow, slightly longer than its basal width, as long:as pronotum, slightly obtusely angled with the apex bluntly rounding, disc nearly flat, anterior margin forming an acute angle with the front; front long, narrow, wedge-shaped. Elytra long, narrow, venation as in costomaculatus, the apical cells extremely long. Colour dark brown or black and white, giving an ashy gray appearance. Vertex milky white or sometimes suffused with yel- low, two pair of brown dots on the extreme margin against the apex, a pair of slightly oblique, elongate, egg-shaped dark spots extending from just behind the anterior pair of spots to posterior margin, each dark spot containing two light spots in the shape of _ an oblique crescent above a dash. Sometimes the dark spots THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 129 coalesce with the outer dots when the whole appears as a pair of stripes, in which case the crescent and dash fuse to form a ques- tion mark. Pronotum, milky, with four broad, mottled, dark brown stripes, the outer pair definite and touching the inner angle of the eye, the inner pair irregular and often fading out posteriorly. Elytra milky with the most of the nervures and a few coarse reticul- ations as in costomaculatus almost black Genitalia: Female segment short, posterior margin slightly indented in the middle, pygofers extremely long and almost parallel margined. Male valve triangular, plates together equilaterally triangular. : __.. . Described from four females and four males from St. George, Utah, and Mojave, California, collected. by the writer. This species is quite puzzling in character; in elytral characters it is __ close to costomaculatus, but differs radically in the extremely wide head. In size it is unique in the genus, but in Deltocephalus where the occasional second cross nervure would, if considered, place it, it would seem at home. It is, however, unquestionably _ related to the other forms mentioned. The white markings in __ the black spots are a striking and very distinctive character. Phlepsius stellaris, n. sp. ___Larger and stouter than Joculatus, which it resembles in form & _and structure, resembling denudatus in the light colour and lack of __reticulations. Creamy white, with two star-like spots on vertex. Head broad as in Joculatus, vertex shorter and broader, obtusely - ‘rounding, scarcely longer on middle than against the eye, two- thirds the length of the pronotum. Front shorter than in loculatus, forming a wider angle with vertex. Elytra long, narrow, vénation as in costomaculatus, but obscure. Pal Colour creamy white, the ocelli and four equidistant spots on vertex margin between these dark, a pair of irregular star- shaped spots on the anterior disc of the vertex, one ray of each _ star, including the outer marginal spot, on either side and another a touching the eye; a. spot on either side of scutellum at base, ex- _ tending forward under the semitransparent pronotum, and often _ adot or two behind the eyes. Elytra creamy, the nervures showing 130 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a trace of fulvous, rather obscure. Face and below creamy, a pair of brown arcs on either side of the front between the antennal sockets, attached to a brown cloud in the centre, forming a spider- like marking on face. Genitalia: Female segment broad and short, almost parallel margined with a slight median notch. Described from four females from St. George, Utah, and vicinity collected by the writer. This species, although still small for the genus, is nearly twice as large as Joculatus, to which it seems to be allied. The white ground colour, with the black stars, render it strikingly distinct. A NEW PHYSOTHRIPS (THYSANOPTERA) FROM UGANDA, WITH A NOTE ON PHYSOTHRIPS ANTENNATUS BAGNALL. BY J. DOUGLAS HOOD, U. S. BIOLOGICAL SURVEY, WASHINGTON, D. C. The new species here described from a unique female was received from Dr. Henry J. Franklin, of the Massachusetts Agri- cultural Experiment Station, and had been included with a number of specimens of Physothrips antennatus, collected by Mr. C. C. Gowdey at Kisube, Uganda. Physothrips antennatus, Bagnall. 1914.—Physothrips antennatus Bagnall, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, Vol. XIII, p. 23. 1914.—Physothrips antennatus Karny, Zeitschr. f. wiss. Ins.- biol., Bd. X, p. 365. The brief original description of this species may be amplified as follows: The median dorsal length of the head is about 0.7 the width — across eyes, and about three-fourths the length of the prothorax; the cheeks are gently rounded, converging to base. The pronotum is finely and deeply striate, with a pair of nearly smooth, foveate areas behind middle; hind margin with three pairs of bristles between the two long pairs, the mediad pair larger; disk with about 25 small bristles on each side. Mesonotum slightly more closely transversely striate than the pronotum; metanotum sub- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 131 Bs? concentrically striate. Wings brown, basal fourth much paler, gray. _ Segment 8 of abdomen unarmed, without the usual comb-like _ fringe on posterior margin. Physothrips xanthocerus, sp. nov. (Fig. 3, a and b.). Female (macropterous)—Length about 1.1mm. Colour dark _Dlackish brown, nearly black, with antennal segments 3-8, all tarsi, and distal half of all tibiz, light lemon yellow; fore wings Poona. pale gray in basal fourth. i Head about three-fourths as long as greatest width, sides = : rounded and converging to base; occiput with several anastomosing Fig. 3.—Physothrips xanthocerus, n. sp., female, holotype; b, antenna. ~ lines; interocellar bristles less than one-fourth as long as head, _ situated well within the ocellar triangle; a pair of smaller bristles in front of, and a second pair behind posterior ocelli; postocular _ bristles small, three pairs in. profile at posterior angles of eyes. _ Eyes about 0.6 as long as head and slightly narrower than their ‘interval. Ocelli equidistant, subequal in size, posterior pair opposite middle of eyes. Antenne about three and: one-fourth _ times as-long as head, form of segments shown in figure, unusual * x xe , Te gS : 132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. in that fourth segment is very long and produced distally into a. narrow stem; segments | and 2 nearly concolorous with head, 3-8 lemon yellow, the three distal segments shaded with gray. Prothorax about 1.1 times as long as head and about 1.7 times as wide as long; pronotum smooth, absolutely without sculpture; two strong dark bristles at posterior angles, and between _ these along posterior margin two smaller pairs, the inner larger; — anterior and lateral margins each with about five pairs of small, subequal bristles, in addition to a similar pair at the anterior ~ angles and a slightly stronger pair almost directly in front of the inner long pair at posterior angles; no other pronotal bristles. - Wings of fore pair about fifteen times as long as width at middle, dark gray-brown in distal three-fourths, basal fourth pale gray, slightly clouded basally; costa with about 28 bristles; anterior vein with four pale bristles in a basal group, followed immediately by another series of 13 or 14, and then by two, well separated, near apex; posterior vein with 16 or 17, commencing just beyond the first bristle in the long series of anterior vein. Abdomen of normal form, with a few very faint anastomosing lines of sculpture on basal segments; segment 8 unarmed, without the usual comb-like fringe on posterior margin; segment 10 not divided above, though irregularly weakened along dorsal line near apex; abdominal bristles long, strong, brown. Measurements of holotype: Length 1.08 mm.; head, length along median dorsal line, 0.105 mm.; width, 0.140 mm.; prothorax, length 0.114 mm.; width 0.194 mm.; pterothorax, width 0.255 mm.; abdomen, width 0.300 mm. Antennal segments.........0.......0...... e230 A 3 ea Length (ays 2 aed 29 36 50 75 53 67 11 22, Width (i) eile ae 32. 26 26..23° 16° 17 geome Total length of antenna, 0.343 mm. Described from one female collected by C. C. Gowdey, at Kisube, Uganda, on coffee (No. 3582). Closely allied by the elongate fourth antennal segment to Physothrips antennatus and Ph. antennalis, but differing, from both in the pale antenna, and from the former, at least, in the smooth, sparsely spinose pronotum.. “THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 133 THE LIFE-HISTORY OF LEUCOBREPHOS BREPHOIDES WALK. (LEPIDOPTERA).* BY ARTHUR GIBSON AND NORMAN CRIDDLE. Leucobrephos brephoides Walk. was for several years known in Canadian collections as L. middendorfi Men. It was not until 19077 that the late John B. Smith corrected the error and stated oe that the former ‘‘is the only species thus far known to inhabit North America.”’ In the Entomological Record, for the years 1901 and 1903, the species is recorded under the name middendorfi, which name is also used by Fletcher in Phe Ottawa Naturalist, XXIII, 67. - We have been much interested in the habits and life-history of this interesting and rare moth. In 1903, the junior author forwarded to the late Dr. James Fletcher some eggs of the species, and these and the larve were then studied, as time per- _ mitted, by Fletcher and the senior author. In 1915, Mr. F. H. _ Wolley-Dod forwarded, to Ottawa, 35 eggs, which had been ob- tained at Midnapore, Alta., on April 5-10. These latter gave us an opportunity of studying, more definitely, the preparatory stages. The notes made by Fletcher, in 1903, were incomplete, _ but such as are of value we include herewith. The Ege —0.5 mm. in diameter; 0.9 mm. in length; oblong, rounded at both ends; indistinctly longitudinally striate; densely granulate-punctate, the granules acute and irregularly connected to form faint transverse ridges. _ When received from Mr. Dod (April 20) the ova were darkened | _ preparatory to hatching. Fletcher, in ms., states that the colour ___ of the egg is ‘‘pinkish-ochre at first, turning a leaden gray before _hatching.’”’ The egg shell is opalescent; the larva emerges through a _a rather large, ragged, hole at one end. _ The eggs which were sent to Fletcher in 1903 were laid in confinement at Aweme, Man., on April 15-16. Fletcher’s ms. - note reads: ‘Laid on the leaf scars of young shoots of Populus : _tremuloides, above the scar, and deposited flat on their sides, 2 or *Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. = {Canadian Entomologist, XXXIX, 370. -. April, 1916 134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 3 sometimes at a single scar.’ The junior author has frequently” found the eggs under natural conditions near the tips of the branches of Aspen Poplar, the place selected being the scar left by the fallen leaves of the previous autumn. Oviposition has been noted high up among the terminal twigs of trees, thirty feet or more in height; at other times the female moths were observed to choose a tree ~ of about five feet in height. As a rule, not more than one egg is deposited on a leaf scar. From close observation, made on three occasions, a single female moth undoubtedly deposits several eggs on the same tree. In one instance the junior author noticed a female visiting at least a dozen different situations on the same tree for the purpose of oviposition. The largest number of eggs obtained from a single female was 135. This individual was collected at Aweme, Man., on 14th April, 1903, and in confinement continued ovipositing for six days. The eggs which were deposited at Midnapore, Alta,. on April 5-10, mostly hatched at Ottawa, on April 21 and 22. DESCRIPTION OF LARVAL STAGE. First Instar—The newly-hatched larva is 2.0 mm. in length and dark-green in colour. Head 0.3 mm. wide, rounded, some- what quadrate, darker than body, of a greenish-brown shade, margined posteriorly with brown; ocelli black. No markings on . body; lateral area and dorsum of first thoracic segment, paler. Tubercles pale brownish, indistinct, circled with sordid whitish; sete short, stiff, very conspicuous. Spiracles brown. First three pairs of prolegs aborted. Feet concolorous with body. After feeding, the larva is of a greenish-gray colour. Second Instar.—Length 5.5mm. Head 0.6 mm, wide, greenish- white, with dark green blotches, particularly on cheeks; ocelli black; mandibles pale reddish. Body marked longitudinally with pale white stripes as follows: addorsal stripe; subdorsal stripe wider than addorsal stripe; lateral stripe, just above tubercle iii; wide stigmatal band enclosing tubercles iv and v (the skin here is conspicuously wrinkled); and a rather indistinct medio-ventral stripe. Ventral surface distinctly glaucous. Tubercles brown. Spiracles dark brown, white in centre. Prolegs concolorous with venter. As the stage advances the skin of dorsum, particularly oo ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 135 on posterior segments, assumes a yellowish-green tint. The wide stigmatal band is the most conspicuous marking on the body. Third Instar—Length 8 mm. Head 0.9 to 1.0°mm. wide. The larva in this instar is similar in appearance to the second tS instar. The venter is decidedly glaucous. All the stripes are ~~ distinct and white in colour. The stigmatal- band is wide and - conspicuous, and more or less tinged with yellow. Length before third moult 10.5 mm. Fourth Instar—Length 12 mm. Head 1.5 to 1.7 mm. wide. - Body dark velvety green, later becoming a paler green. The ad- dorsal and lateral stripes irregular but distinct; stigmatal band very conspicuous, extending to end of anal flap, the edges being even. Medio-ventral stripe inconspicuous. All markings white. Tubercles circled with white. Venter distinctly glaucous. Length before fourth moult 15 mm. Mature larva—Fifth Instar—Length 18 mm. Head. 2.2 to 2.5 mm. wide, rounded, somewhat quadrate, depressed at vertex; smooth, paler green than body and of a glassy appearance; clypeus high; ocelli black, between the ocelli the skin is whitish, like enamel; labrum also whitish; mandibles reddish-brown. Body cylindrical, - lettuce green* in colour, with a yellowish reflection, excepting _. venter, which is glaucous. The folds between the segments are _ yellowish. The addorsal stripe, the subdorsal stripe and the lateral stripe are thinner than in previous instars and hence are not so distinct. In colour they are now decidedly yellow. The wide, bright pale-yellow stigmatal band is very conspicuous from the back of the head to the end of the anal flap, where it narrows. The two dorsal and the lateral stripes are more or less broken and sinuous in outline. The lateral stripe is distinctly wavy on the thoracic segments. Medio-ventral stripe now distinct, of a milky white colour. Spiracles whitish, ringed with black. Tubercles _ ‘minute, circled with pale yellow, each bearing a short black hair. ~ , On abdominal segments tubercle iii is nearly midway between the lateral line and the spiracle, and immediately above the spiracle, excepting on segments 6, 7, 8, 9 and 12, where it is noticeably *Ridgeway's Colour Standards and Colour Nomenclature, 1912. 136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. anterior. Tubercle iv, behind the spiracle, v almost immediately below the spiracle, both enclosed-in the stigmatal band, the former near the upper edge and the latter near the lower edge. Thoracic feet pale, somewhat translucent; prolegs concolorous with sub- ventral area; crotchets slightly pinkish; legs on segment 10 normal, on segments 9, 8 and 7 much reduced, the latter being the smaller and decidedly rudimentary. Length of full grown larva at rest _26 mm. _ Ihe Pupa.—Length 12-14 mm.; width at widest part 5 mm. When newly. formed green, soon changing to pale brown, and later to dark reddish-brown; thorax and wing-covers darker, almost blackish, wrinkled; abdominal segments coarsely pitted on anterior three-quarters and minutely pitted on posterior one-quarter. Spiracles pale yellowish in centre. Cremaster two-spined, the spines stout and arising from either side, curved outwardly from towards the tip, and forming, almost, a perfect letter U. Food Plant.—All larve reared at Ottawa were fed on the foliage of Aspen Poplar, Populus tremuloides Michx. This tree is the only food plant upon which we have found the larve feeding under natural conditions. HABitTs oF LARVA. During the different instars the larve spun considerable silk. Under natural conditions, at Aweme, Man., they have been fre- quently observed hanging at the end of a silken thread spun from the branches of Aspen Poplar. This habit and that of looping when walking corresponds well with many of the Geometride. A ms. note by Fletcher reads as follows: ‘‘A semilooper, the three first pairs of abdominal legs not used in walking, although apparent. — When at rest the young caterpillar rests as a geometer on the anal and fourth pairs of abdominal prolegs, with the front of the body raised. The larve have the same habit as Brephos infans of catching several leaves tightly together with single threads, and when resting, either lie along the petiole or inside a curl of a young leaf. When they began to feed, they attacked the edge of a leaf | or ate straight into the surface either above or below.” When mature the larve entered the earth to pupate. The — larvee studied in 1915 were full grown on May 15 and 16. By May 20 all had changed to pupae. The earthen cell is slight. ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 137 ~ On June 13, 1902, two larve in the last instar collected at Aweme, _ Man., were received at Ottawa. On the earth in the breeding jar small pieces of bark and rotten wood were placed to see if the larve would use such for pupation. Both specimens, however, entered the earth (June 14) and there transformed to pupz (June ~ 17). HABITS OF THE ADULT. ~~ The moth of Leucobrephos brephoides is a sun-loving creature, being most active between the hours of 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. It is among the earliest of the moths to appear in spring. It has been collected in Manitoba as early as March 18 and as late as May 11. The time of emergence from over-wintering pupz is, of course, largely governed by the prevailing climatic conditions. It is not “unusual to see the moths on the wing before the snow has all disappeared. Oviposition habits have already been referred to. Owing to a quick, jerky, flight and habit of darting upwards at the least sign of alarm, and also in view of the fact that the moth has a marked colour resemblance to-the surrounding landscape, it is difficult to follow with the eye and individuals, therefore, are extremely hard to catch. Its remarkably acute eyesight and habit of flight undoubtedly account for its rarity in collections. Experiments with the usual ‘“‘sugar’’ mixtures, in daytime - instead of at night, indicated that such are of no value to attract the moths. They have, however, on several occasions been in- duced to alight upon putrid flesh, which had been.placed cn the ground. The moths also seek moisture and are often found fre- quenting muddy roadways in the vicinity of aspen woods. -f . Distribution —Midnapore, Alta., April 12-19, 1914 (Tams), _. April 7-10, 1915 (Dod and Tams) ; Saskatoon, Sask., April 11, 1913 (Willing); Beulah, Man., April 16, 1903 (Dennis); Aweme, Man., collected almost every year since 1901, earliest date March 18, latest date May 11 (Criddle Bros.) ; Rounthwaite, Man. (Marmont); Ba Winnipeg, Man., April 17, 1910 (Wallis); Hymers, Ont., April 9, * 1908 (Dawson); Mayo River, Yukon Territory, April 16, 1907 Davidson); Portage at Grand Falls, Hamilton River, Labrador, ix May 12, 1894 (Low); Jenerk, Klutlan Glacier, elevation 5,500 es feet, 141 Meridian, North of Mt. Natazhat, May 2, 1913 (Nesham). 138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST In addition to the above localities the species has been recorded by Walker* from “St. Martin’s Falls, Albany River, Hudson’s Bay (Dr. Barnston)’’; ‘‘Fort Confidence (Sir J. Richardson)”’; by Grote} from ‘‘ Yukon River, mouth of Porcupine River (R- Kennicott)”’; and tf ‘“ Racine, Wis. (P. R. Hoy)”; and by Zellertf from ‘‘ Fort Resolution am Sklaven-see (Great Slave Lake) Westlich von der Hudson’s Bay unter dem 61° N. Br. (Baron Osten Sacken). * *C. B. Mus. Het. XI, 702, 1857. TProc. Ent. Soc. Phil. III, 74, 1864. tBull. Bkin, Ent. Soc. IIT, 30. 1fStett., Ent. Zeit. XXIV, 136. NEW SPECIES OF MICROLEPIDOPTERA. | BY ANNETTE F. BRAUN, CINCINNATI, O. Coptodisca magnella, n. sp. F ~ Palpi and lower part of face silvery white; head with a-decided pale golden lustre. Antennze fuscous. , Thorax and basal half of fore wings pale silvery gray, almost white; extreme costa on basal half black. Apical half of fore wings golden yellow; a triangular silvery white spot at the apical third of the costa edged with black on both sides; a similar but narrower spot a little anterior on the dorsal margin, also edged with black on both sides. The outer edge of the dorsal spot forms part of the dark patch of scales which extend from it to the dorsum and termen. This patch is often pale gray and ill-defined, except at its outer edge, which is marked by a row of dark scales along the termen. It is separated from the dark margins of the costal silvery spot by the golden ground colour. Beyond the costal spot and almost parallel to its outer margin is a streak of black scales. Apical patch wedge-shaped, formed of a circular velvety black spot, and the terminal row of black scales immediately beyond it. It is preceded and edged on either side with one or two silvery white scales; and well separated from the dark dorsal patch by the golden yellow ground colour. Cilia whitish yellow, with an apical black pencil extending outward from the apical black patch. Hind wings gray. Legs yellow, except the fore tibia and all the tarsi, which are fuscous. Abdomen fuscous above, yellow beneath. . April, 1916 “a . vi oe i ey Sites ae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 139 _ Expanse: 5-6 mm. Nine specimens, Lancaster, Ohio, bred from mines on leaves of huckleberry, Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) Koch. The mine is of the usual character in the genus, starting as’a narrow linear mine which abruptly enlarges into a semitransparent blotch (10 by 3 or 4 mm.). The elliptical case is attached as usual by a silken band to a leaf or twig. . Mines which were collected August 21, 1914, produced imagos May 10-17 of the following year. This is the largest species of the genus thus far described. Apart from-its size, it may be distinguished from other species chiefly by the pale basal half of the fore wings and the fact that the dark dorsal patch never extends nearer the costa than the apex of the dorsal silvery spot, and therefore the ground colour extends without interruption between the silvery spots to the termen beneath the apical spot. It is most_closely related, particularly in character of mine and shape of pupal case, to C. ostryefoliella Clem., of which there seems to be no published description. To supply this the following brief description of .C. ostryefoliella is given. Coptodisca ostryefoliella Clemens. Antenne fuscous; head with other appendages pale silvery gray. _ Thorax and fore wings in the basal half pale silvery gray; apical half of fore wings yellow. At the apical third is a triangular silvery whitesspot dark margined on both sides. A little anterior on the dorsal margin, a similar but smaller and shorter spot narrowly separated from the costal spot by the ground colour or by the costal-wards and proximal extension of the dark dorsal patch lying beyond the dorsal white spot. This dark patch extends nearly or quite to the apical fan-shaped black spot, which is preceded and edged as usual by one or two silvery scales, and from which the usual black pencil extends outward into the cilia, which are whitish. Preceding the apex in the costal cilia is an almost perpen- dicular streak of black scales. Hind wings pale gray. Abdomen gray above, silvery beneath. Legs silvery with _ dark fuscous tarsi. Expanse: 4-4.2 mm. 140 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLGIST. Bucculatrix crescentella, n. sp. Face whitish, tuft on the vertex whitish, more or less inter- . mixed with ochrgous or dark brown hairs. Fore wings usually brown; sometimes paler, almost buffish ochreous. A whitish streak, sharply defined in dark specimens, extends from the base for one-half the wing length above the fold; immediately beneath the ground colour is somewhat darkened. At the middle of the costa is a narrow oblique curved white streak, concave outwardly; beyond it a less oblique white streak pointing toward the tornus; between these streaks the ground colour is a darker brown. On the middle of the dorsum is a half crescent- shaped dark brown spot, bordered before and behind with whitish. A triangular white spot immediately precedes the apex and lies above an irregular black spot, beyond which a line of dark scales crosses the apical cilia. Hind wings gray, brown or bebreras tinged. ; Legs yellowish, marked with fuscous; hairs on posterior tibize pale ochreous. Expanse: 7-9 mm. Described from a series of bred and captured specimens. This is one of the commonest species around Cincinnati; it occurs also at Toronto, Canada. Mines may be found plentifully on species of Composite belonging to several genera (Aster spp., Solidago spp., Erigeron spp.). The larva makes a trumpet-shaped mine, gradually increasing in diameter and marked by a central line of frass. On rare occasions it deserts one mine to form another, but is at no. time an external feeder. The cocoon of the usual Bucculatrix type is a white elongate ribbed structure. Lyonetia candida, n. sp. Face, palpi and antennal eye-cap ‘silvery white; antennal stalk gray. Tufton the vertex white, with a few blackish hairs, especially _ behind. : Fore wings shining pure white, except in the apical part. Just before the costal cilia is an oblique triangular grayish streak, apparently formed by the confluence of two narrower streaks, which are sometimes indistinctly separated from one another by white ground colour. This is followed. by three perpendicular, slightly curved black streaks in the cilia preceding the round black — _— Ps. en THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST: 141 apical dot. The last of these meets a similar black streak pro- jecting into the cilia below the apex. The oblique. triangular costal streak meets in the middle of the wing the apex of a grayish V-shaped mark placed at the tornus. The space between the arms of this mark is sometimes suffused with gray. A yellow patch occupies the apex of the wing and is margined along the termen by blackish scales. A black streak projecting out into the apical cilia from the apical dot is crossed at right angles by a nearly straight black line. Hind wings and cilia gray. Abdomen gray, white beneath. Legs whitish, tarsal segments tipped with black. Expanse: 9-10.5 mm. Three specimens, Santa Cruz Big Trees, Calif., the larve mining leaves of Azalea, Rhododendron occidentale Gray, July 21; one. specimen, Mt. Rainier, Wash., mining leaves of the white Rhododendron, Rhododendron albiflorum Hook., August 15. The imagos appeared August 4-7 and August 28. The early long very narrow linear mine (3-4.5 mm.) abruptly enlarges into an irregular blotch. The pupa is enclosed in a slight white cocoon. This species is nearest to L. latistrigella Wlsm., also a Rhodo- dendron miner; but differs strikingly from it in the absence of the conspicuous curved black streak from the middle of the dorsum. NOTES AND QUERIES. Notes oN SomME MiscELLANEOus Economic Insects FouNpD LN NEw JERSEY, ; Callopistria floridensis Guen. (Lep.). This insect, known as the Florida Fern-Cutworm, which has already been recorded by me as occurring in New Jersey (Canad. Ent., Jan. 1915), and doing considerable damage to ferns in greenhouses, was found to be effectively controlled by spraying with fresh pyrethrum, one * ounce to one gallon of water, plus one half ounce of soap. One large fern grower in New Jersey applied the above spray once a week for five or six weeks and gained complete relief. Pyrethrum was also applied with a bellows, and similar results obtained. Mr. J. J. Davis, in the 27th Report of the State Entomologist of Illinois, advocates the use. of this material, which is undoubtedly the best insecticide to use against this pest. 142 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Phytomyza chrysanthemi Kowarz. (Dip.). In the 1909 list, “Insects of New Jersey,’ the Chrysanthemum Leaf Miner or Marguerite Fly, as it is also called, is recorded under the genus Napomyza from one locality. As a matter of fact, it is present every year in various greenhouses in northern New Jersey and does considerable damage to chrysanthemums. The larve mine the leaves, and the irregular whitish lines and blotches often take up an entire leaf surface. In addition to this disfigurement of the foliage, the size and number of flowers is often reduced While nicotine solutions are efiective against this insect (Sanders, J. G., A Remedy for Chrysanthemum Leaf Miner, Jour. Econ. Ent., © vol. V, No. 6, p. 472), many greenhouse men persist in using the more or less unsatisfactory method of picking off and destroying infested leaves. Oberea tripunctata Swederus. (Coleop.). Every year while inspecting nurseries it is customary to run across the work of the Dogwood twig-girdler. Smith, in “Insects of New Jersey,’* re- cords it as occurring throughout the state. Its presence is detected by a withering of the leaves at the tip of the infested shoot. While it is undoubtedly widely distributed in New Jersey, it never, as a rule, otcurs in sufficient numbers to do any considerable damage. Hemichionaspis aspidistre Sign. (Homop.). In many fern houses in New Jersey this scale insect assumes the importance of a first-class pest. It is also being continually introduced into many houses on aspidistra imported from Belgium. As a rule, it is found on the lower leaves of the ferns, and by its spotting in bad infestations often makes the plants more or less unsalable. Unfortunately there is no satisfactory remedy, and the insects are usually got rid of by pulling off and destroying infested leaves during the operation of repotting or turning over the stock. Isosoma orchidearum Westw. (Hymen.). Known as the Cattleya Fly, this member of the Chalcidide is an important pest in practic- ally all orchid houses in New Jersey where Cattleya species are grown. The adult deposits one or more eggs in the bud, and development and pupation takes place inside, the bud finally becoming more or less swollen. In some cases I have found as many as six larve in a single bud. While fumigation with nicotine extracts to kill the adults is recommended as being the most efficient THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 143 method of control, I have never met an orchid grower who practised it. Most of them prefer to cut off and destroy the infested buds. If this operation is kept up persistently by an experienced man, it is only a question of time until the insect is eradicated. The man, however, must be experienced in detecting the infestations, otherwise many healthy buds will be destroyed. Many growers become quite expert in this, and can distinguish at a glance be- tween a healthy and infested bud, both of which will seem perfectly normal to the ordinary observer. This insect also is undoubtedly being continually introduced in orchids imported from South American countries. Aphrophora parallela Say. (Homop:). During June, 1915, many pine trees in a nursery at Elizabeth were observed to be rather plentifully infested by the above spittle insect, the white frothy masses giving the trees the appearance of having been decorated for Christmas. No injury to the trees could be detected, but it was somewhat unusual to find them occurring in such com- paratively large numbers. It was noticed after collecting the nymphs that their bodies shrunk in five or six hours to one-third of their normal size. Cecidomyia resinicola O.S. (Dip.). During June, 1915, many characteristic whitish masses of pitch inhabitated by numerous orange-coloured larve of the fly were observed on the undersides of pitch-pine branches in nurseries at Springfield and Elizabeth. They attracted considerable attention from the nurserymen on account of their noticeable numbers, but no apparent damage was being done. Corythuca arcuata Say. (Hemip.). Every summer this lace bug and its curious groups of eggs, which resemble certain forms of fungi, may be found on the leaves of oaks and other trees in various parts of the state. As a rule, it receives very little attention, although some seasons it is abundant enough to cause a whitening and withering of the foliage. Some day when it transfers its affection from forest to lawn trees, it may rank as more of a pest. Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, N. J. ASPIDIOTUS ULMI JOHNS. I have taken this insect on the following host plants in Missouri: Catalpa catalpa; Ulmus sp.; Ptelea trifoliata and Juglans nigra. 144 .. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The scales were in abundance on all except the wafer-ash (Pielea trifoliata), being thickly crowded between and under the rough bark. On the wafer-ash, however, I found only a few isolated scales, and these were located near the extremities of the twigs, the Ptelea being only a shrub a few feet tall. I have found no references to this scale attacking either Ptelea or Juglans, and so I offer these two as new host plants of A. ulmi. The scales winter over as nearly full-grown adults. A. H. HoLiinceEr, University of Missouri, Columbia, Mo. AN APPARENTLY NEW SPECIES OF PHALONIA. BY WM. BARNES,.M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL. Among some material sent us for determination by the Bureau of Cereal and Forage Insect Investigation were specimens of a Phalonid bred by Mr. C. N. Ainslie at Elk Point, S. Dakota from Spartinana michauxiana in the stems of which the larve were boring, apparently along with those of Toririx clemensiana Fern. since a specimen of this species was included under the same breeding number. As we can find no name applicable to this species, we describe it as new as follows:— Phalonia spartinana, n. sp. o'.—Head, thorax, and primaries pale ochreous, the latter shiny and immaculate with the exception of a minute dark dot at the end of the cell at the origin of vein 5 and another below the origin of vein 2; the costal margin at the basal half is dark brown; secondaries pale smoky, with whitish fringes. Beneath primaries deep smoky, with the exception of the pale costal margin and fringes; secondaries much as above. Expanse 20 mm. Q—Similar to the o but larger and without the dark costal margin and dot below vein 2; secondaries without the smoky shade. Beneath the primaries are less smoky and more ochreous than in the &. Expanse 25 mm. Types: 2 o’’s, 1 9. Elk Point, S. Dakota (C. N. Ainslie). Coll. Barnes. Related to Phal. atomosana Busck, but smaller, paler and lacking the Saleen. of brownish atoms characteristic of this x asin Mailed April 10th, 1916. cr Ganadian Butomologist. » Vor. XLVIII. LONDON, MAY, 1916 No. 5 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. FrEsSH Woops AND PASTURES NEw. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. I. eee Love of novelty never fades: it is the will-o’-the-wisp that - Jures us on in the morning of our years, and many a dance it leads eo us through the day. But long before noon we become aware of a steady glow from the opposite quarter: it is the glamour of the . past and is destined to brighten our declining days in the evening _ of life. This charm of the old familiar things so grows on us that at last nothing grips the heart quite like meeting old friends; and among our friends surely not least are the flowers and their ~ myriad wiriged visitors, so intimately associated with many a long summer’s day ramble. So it comes about that a new locality, __ neither distant enough to be strange, nor near enough to be stale, _ beckons with both hands (as it were) by this double lure of new ferd old. It was the beginning of May when I first set out to conquer the hinterland of my new home in Peterborough, armed to the teeth (almost) with Gray’s botany and a cyanide jar. I had heard so often of the great Cavan swamp that I felt it must be subjugated first and a pretty heavy toll exacted of fora and fauna. One or _ two who took the trouble to answer me when I pestered them oes questions, had told me that if | went far enough west on — Smith Street I would certainly find the swamp. So out I marched, . bag and baggage, and, sure enough, less than an hour brought ; 2 ‘me to a great stretch of wooded swamp on the north of the road: a fringe of willows and cedar, a broad belt of tall poplars, and, e, beyond that, tamarack, spruce, balsam—yes, and over yonder to _ the northeast, hemlock and a large hardwood of maple—sights - to make the botanist’s heart beat. But alas! man, who murders to dissect, has drained the Cavan swamp in a vain effort to reclaim - Fo 146 tee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the land; the natural growth of sphagnum has been killed and the floral wealth of Cavan is no more. All this I had yet to discover. The day was bright, but a cold wind had encountered me on the road, that fought obstinately against my advance, hanging on my flank and stinging me with its slings and arrows. In‘the shelter of the swamp these missiles hurtled harmlessly over my — head, while I roamed about through the hush of shadowed groves and across sunlit glades to the soft music of drumming partridges: they seemed to: be everywhere in the heart of the swamp, and from time to time as-I pressed forward I would flush one of the drummers from its retreat a few paces off. After about an hour of progress I found myself in a thick growth of cedars, and, working east a few rods, emerged at a great clearing just south of the G.T.R. between Peterborough and Best’s. Between me and the railway was a wide sluggish stream of peaty-looking water—known (I believe) as a municipal ditch. The clearing extended east from where I stood for half a mile,.with the drain on the north and a hardwood bush on the south; its greatest width was about 200 yards. It had been covered with small trees, mostly cedar, poplar, - ; alder and elm; these had been nearly all cut down and much of the débris was lying on the ground. However, a fringe of alders still stood along the south bank of the stream, and the west odd ; of the clearing had not been so heavily slashed. While standing on the edge of this clearing I spied a large Chrysomela crawling up a burnt stump among the alders. It had the usual ebony pattern on its elytra; but instead of being creamy white, the ground colour was a rich chestnut. At the point of capture the insect dropped to the ground, but I was not to be denied, and a few minutes’ search revealed my prize under a dead leaf. One swallow doesn’t make a summer; it would be rash from a single beetlé on a burnt stump to argue a new species of Chryso- mela owing its brilliant complexion to a diet of charcoal. The neighbouring alders had not yet leafed out, but I searched their stems and branches carefully for over an hour and felt fully repaid by the result: four captures and one escape of the same Chestnut- crimson Chrysomela; besides a dozen specimens of a beetle new - to me so far except in cabinets Lina lapponica (interrupta); both insects evidently hibernated freely. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : 147 Towards the end of May, when the foliage was all out, I tramped along the railway track to the east end of this place and spent most of the sunny hours of one Saturday roaming about _ the clearing. As I approached I could hear a man driving hard- wood pickets into soggy ground in the heart of the swamp. The ~sound went on all day (just west of the clearing) at regular inter- vals: But-in the clearing itself such abundance and variety of ‘leaf-eating beetles—especially - Chrysomelas—I ~have never met with. If Chrysomela means golden sheep, then this certainly was the enchanted land of Colchis, for golden fleeces hung on every tree; and if the word means golden apple, here was every branch laden with gleaming fruit, a veritable garden of the Hesperides. Was the dragon that guarded the fruit asleep, or was it that indefatigable laborer hammering stakes into the ground behind the alder thicket? What good was a fence, anyway, in the heart - of such a swamp? When the sound of that incessant hammer kept ‘up till long after six o'clock, my curiosity got the better of me, --and, stealing through the cedars and poplars at the west end of the clearing, I soon found myself on the edge of the municipal ditch and only a few yards from the mysterious workman; he stopped as soon as he saw me, and, without any warning, rose into the air and flapped heavily away over the trees—a common -bittern; ten minutes later he was driving piles into the bank of Lily Lake half a mile away. When I came to check over the day's bag of Chrysomelids— a work whose successful completion was due to Dr. Bethune’s kind help—it was something like this. On willow in the clearing I had ~ taken about a dozen of Chrysomela multipunctata—var. bigsbyana: ‘! this form, with a dark thorax margined before and on the sides _ with pale cream, and having the sutural stripe dark, I have never 3 taken on any other plant than the willow. On dogwood—out of _ the scores seen—I had taken 8 of Chrysomela philadelphica: this form I have always found on dogwood, and I have never taken - any other species of Chrysomela on that shrub; the whole thorax is dark-bronzed (from green to black) and the elytra are without the sutural stripe, though the scutellum is marked with a dark __ spot. On spiraa I took two or three of what I thought to be this - game form, but they proved on examination to be the variety \ \ 148 * >! THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST spiree, in which the dark sutural stripe is present. On alder, I had oa found the handsome chestnut-crimson Chrysomela abundant, and had taken some fifty specimens: they are apparently a very robust - form of Chrysomela philadelphica, as they lack the dark sutural stripe, and their other markings correspond. (Chrysomela phila- delphica var.—shall we say alni or Hesperidum?). While hunting ‘for this insect on the fringe of alders beside the municipal ditch, I discovered. yet. another Chrysomela and succeeded in making about fifteen captures; it was almost as large as the last, but the ground colour was white to pale cream, with heavily-marked and united sutural and sub-sutural lines; in short, it was Chrysomela scalaris, with a very slight difference—the apical or third pair of - spurs were broken away from the sutural line and appeared as ‘two detached spots; ard the middle pair of spurs also tended to be irregular and broken. The normal form of scalaris, I had found once in great abundance in the larval stage on basswood near the - Rideau Ferry and in the six or eight beetles that I reared through the pupal state, I remarked the same variation in the ladder-like series of projections to which the species owes its name. Each of these forms was abundantly distinct from all the, others; 1 never saw any sign of interbreeding; each colony, each species and variety appeared to keep to itself. On the alders in this swamp- there were, besides, thousands ‘of Lina interrupta (lapponica); these were in all stages of larve, pupe and imagines. In spite of its multitudes, and the short pupal interval between voracious - grub and devouring beetle, the damage done to alder foliage seems — trivial, due partly to the insect’s small size and partly to the abund- ance of its food plant: Near the edge of the clearing I took two specimens of Lina scripta, feeding on willow; this beetle I have _* never found on any other plant than willow; those near Peter- borough were all of the normal form, but often one or other of two varieties are to be found: in both of these the creamy ground- color of the elytra is replaced by a light-brown, and the elongated -elytral spots are larger and only separated by narrow borders of the ground colour; in one variety these elongated spots are black; in the other, dark-brown; the former of these was sent me from Montreal, and I do not know its food plant; the other I found in abundance near Lindsay one season, feeding on willow. . There _, | *- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 are four or five varietal forms illustrated by Blatchley (after Riley), _ but these do not include the forms I have just mentioned. Along the railway track, not far from this swamp, I took both species of _ Crioceris on plants of wild asparagus. The genus Chrysomela has always been of great interest to _ the, I suppose because of its beauty, and, seeing in one of the __ books ‘that the sub-species rhoda fed exclusively on hazel, I made _ a systematic search for the insect, but without any success. The only capture I have made on this plant is a species of Balaninus - or nut-weevil, one of the wariest of insects; I have distinctly seen (and more than once) Balaninus swoon from the leaf it was resting 5 on, while I was still several feet away; it invariably feeds in such a position as to drop into the tangled heart of the bush instead of falling exposed at the side. But the frequent occurrence of Chrysomele scalaris and philadelphica in varietal form on alder, coupled with their entire absence from hazel, rouses a suspicion. In size and habit, as well as character of foliage, the alder and the hazel are very similar, especially to a non-botanist: it would be +s interesting to get a consensus of opinion (or, rather, ist wiles in the matter from other field-collectors. Another beetle, said by Blatchley to be beaten from hazel, is Syneta ferruginea. I had seldom seen this beetle (and never more than one at a time) till. last season, but in testing out the 5 alder as a food plant of Chrysomelas | took three or four pairs of a Syneta ferruginea on leaves of alder near Bethany. The robust red-brown form of Chr. philadelphica 1 have now taken, two seasons running, and on alder, as far west of Peterborough as Mount Pleasant, and also two or three miles east of the city on ive outskirts of my sig ie beady ground—Burnham’s wood. “ay vA NEW PHANURUS FROM THE UNITED STATES, WITH NOTES ON ALLIED SPECIES. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. Bis: Phanurus opacus Howard. - Both sexes are black; the thorax above is subglabrous. The head and thorax are Saihied: the tibia and knees pale May, 1916 150° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST brown; segments 1 and 2 of abdomen have very short striz at base. The club is stouter than with ovivorus. 3. Phanurus ovivorus Ashmead. The club is slenderer than in the preceding, the tibia dark, the thorax above showing faint reticulation cephalad, but mostly glabrous. The first two segments of the abdomen do not have strie at base, or else these are extremely minute and short. In flavipes the vertex and scutum is uniformly finely reticulate. The species ovivorus is very close to opacus, if not identical. 4. Phanurus emersoni, new species. ~ Female—Length 0.90 mm. Black, the wings subhyaliné, the venation pale dusky, the tarsi yellow. Differs from opacus Howard in that the male is varicoloured here. Differs from female opacus, floridanus and ovivorus in that the vertex and scutum are densely reticulated. Differs from fabanivorus in that the abdomen is only somewhat longer than the rest of the body, its third segment is not a fourth the length of the third, the thorax above is reticulated, and the male has the entire thorax honey yellow, also the antennz ‘(besides the legs and head as in tabanivorus). Closest (female) to ovivorus, which it resembles. Stigmal vein nearly twice longer — than the marginal, about half the length of the postmarginal. Funicle 1 a half longer than wide, two-thirds the length of the pedicel, 2 a little shorter than-1, 3 still shorter, 4 globular, smallest; 5 cup-shaped, 6 the same, larger, wider than long; 7 and 8 sub- quadrate, 9 ovate, longer than wide. Short, distinct strie at base of segment 2 of the abdomen. In the male, funicles 1-3 are somewhat longer than in the female, while 4-9 are moniliform, wider than long, small; the club joint is ovate and as long as funicle 1 and stouter. Described from a large number of both sexes reared from tabanid eggs at Dallas, Texas (F. C. Bishop). Types—Catalogue No. 19664, U.S.N.M., 1c, 8 9’s on two tags and a slide bearing 1 &, 4 9’s. Types of opacus, ovivorus, floridanus and flavipes examined. Oh We i eh ht = UN RES Oe ee ee 4 aa J A, a ‘ \ ee ee ee a Oe a eae 2s rr ere eee ee kee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 151 NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN - . MUSCOIDEA. BY CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D. C. The Muscoidea of all the principal regions of the earth have been catalogued, after a fashion, more or less completely, except those of Australia and Tasmania, which still stand without any _ published list whatever. The writer has recently prepared a com- plete synonymical catalogue of the Australian muscoid fauna, including that of Tasmania, in the course of which he has found it advisable to erect genera for certain described forms whose _ characters are sufficiently clearly recorded to allow of such action, credit being due to Brauer and Austen for elucidating the several types of Macquart and Walker concerned. These genera are __ presented in the present paper, together with descriptions of a few additional genera for new forms represented in the U.S. Na- tional Museum collection. Paracalliphora, new genus. Sab oc: Calliphora oceanié R. D., 1830, Myod., 488, Port Jackson and Timor (Brazil in error). Differs from Musca (Calliphora) as follows:- Epistoma more produced, not so constricted by the vibrissal angles. Ocellar bristles wanting in male, weak or vestigial in female. Cheeks and front both averaging narrower. Scutellum with only two strong marginal pairs of macrochetz besides the apical pair. Abdomen scarcely broader than the thorax, much less thickly hairy. (Nine specimens: 4, Sydney, H. Gurney; 2, Reedy Creek, N.S.W., maggots from sheep; 3, Australia, Koebele, No. 483). F Calliphora tibialis (1st) Mcq., 1846, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, _ 195, Tasmania and Australia, belongs to this genus. Brauer (Sitz. . Ak. Wiss. CVIII, 524) says: ‘‘Gehért mit M. stygia F. zu Pollenia villosa R. D.”’ This would seem to be wrong, as specimens men- tioned below in U.S.N.M. coll. agree fairly with Macquart’s— _ description and are congeneric with oceania. ~They bear a strong __ superficial resemblance to villosa, but lack the fulvous hair of abdomen. (Three spms.: Croydon, N.S. W., W. W. Froggatt). May, 1916 in THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Calliphora rufipes Mcq., 1843, Dipt. Exot. I (3), 286, Suppl. II, 99, Java‘and Tasmania, also appears to belong here, but I have no specimens and can only judge by comparing the descrip- tion with material of oceani@, to which it seems extremely close. | Brauer (Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVIII, 526) says that it equals Musca ‘stygia F. (villosa R.D.), but this seems doubtful since Macquart — says ‘‘caerulea * * * abdomen bleu.” It is also rather too small (6 mm.). Tricyclopsis, new genus. Genotype, Rhynchomyia dubia Mcq., 1855, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, 129-30, Adelaide. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVIII, 514. Near Tricyclea Wulp, but the third vein is bare. Facialia ciliate to above middle of face. Facial carina absent. Arista long- plumose above and below. Parafacials with short bristly hairs. — Third antennal joint three or four times as long as second. Palpi- clubshaped. Epistoma strongly produced. Antennae two-thirds as long as face. Gerotachina, new genus. Genotype, Zachina obtusa Walker, 1856, Dipt. Saund., 274-5, — New South Wales. Austen, Ann. Mag. N.H. ser. 7, XIX, 330-1 — (Syn. Echinomyia stolida Wlk., 1858, Trans. Ent. Soc. London; n. s. IV, 195-6, male). — Pastas) Differs from Microtropesa Mcq. as follows: Third antennal joint of female distinctly shorter than the second; that of male not longer than the second,’ or but slightly longer; in both-sexes. the third joint is convex on upper border. Arista short and stout. Row of six to eight small admedian spinelike macrochate on hind margin of second abdominal segment. Agrees with Microtropesa — in all other characters given by Walker and Austen. ; Tasmaniomyia, new genus. Genotype, Masicera viridiventris (1st) Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 84-5, Tasmania., Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 336-7. (Syn. Masicera viridiventris 2d Mcq., 1851, Dipt. eee Sache IV (2), 163-4, female, locality Egypt i in error). fe _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153: _- Differs from Microtropesa Mcq. as follows: Parafacials bare, only with some hairs above. Facial carina narrow, sunken, not easily visible from in front. No ocellar bristles. Male claws long and slender, female claws short. Vertex in female as wide as one _ eye, in male narrower. Several rows of bristles on parafrontals x. in both sexes, but orbitals apparently absent in female as well as male. Abdomen of female flattened and pointed, that of male more oval; male hypopygium small, not directed forward. - Front _ prominent, face receding, epistoma not prominent. Third antennal __ joint over twice to three times as long as second. Hind cross-vein — - sinuate, at two-thirds distance between small cross-vein and Acephana, new genus. $ Genotype, Masicera rubrifrons Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl- HI, 85, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 339-40. Differs from Microtrepesa Mcq. as follows: Eyes hairy. Ab- -dominal macrochetz weak. Vibrissal angles somewhat convergent. Third antennal joint pointed on upper apical corner, like that of Acemyia. No ocellars. Female with two orbitals, and two verticals. _ Differs from Goniophana (equals Tritaxys Mcq.) in the hind tibiae not ciliate; and from Gediophana in the short second aristal joint. Epistoma not very prominent. Arista thickened to middle. Hind cross-vein sinuate, at two-thirds distance between the small cross- vein mone bend of fourth. Opsophana, new genus. . "Genotype; Masicera rufifacies Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. Il, 87, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 340. pie Differs from Microtropesa Mcq. as follows: No ocellar bristles. Eyes thickly hairy. Hind tibiae pectinate, with longer bristles below. Abdomen with only thin bristle-like macrochetae. Male y claws long. Epistoma much produced, the vibrisse situated high above oral margin. Related to Gomiophana and Acephana, Front of male narrow. Frontals not descending below base of antenne. 154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Chlorodexia, new genus. Genotype, Chlorodexia froggatti1, new species. Differs from Chlorotachina Townsend (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washn. XXVIII, 21) as follows: Epistoma not nearly so produced, vi- brisse not farther above oral margin than length of second antennal joint. Cheeks wider in proportion to eye-height, ocellar and frontal bristles stronger. Pubescence of eyes longer. Cubitus well” removed from hind margin of wing, with long and strong stump; hind cross-vein much nearer to cubitus. Abdominal macrochete longer and stronger, hairs of abdomen longer. Chlorodexia froggattii, new species. Length of body 11 mm.; of wing 11 mm. One male Merriwa, N.S. W. (W. W. Froggatt). Metallic green, with a rather thick coat of silvery pollen over all. Facial plate and cheek grooves testaceous, the former with an ochre-gold pollen; frontalia dark brown, first two anten- nal joints dark rufous, third joint and arista brown, palpi dark brown. Parafrontals dull golden pollinose, extending to cheek ~*~ grooves. Cheeks, occiput, thorax, scutellum and abdomen deep metallic green, more or less thickly pollinose, four heavy blackish vittae on mesoscutum, abdomen showing more distinctly bright green, venter and pleure with less pollen. Legs dark brown, the femora blackish. Wings nearly clear. tegula tawny whitish. Holotype—No. 19971 U.S. N.M. Named in honour of Mr. W. W. Froggatt. Protomiltogramma, new genus. Genotype, Protomiltogramma cincta, new species. = Differs from Miltogramma as follows: Form more elongate, subcylindrical, the abdomen subconical. Vibrissa strong, decus- . sate, well differentiated from the peristomal bristles. Third an- — tennal joint elongate, nearly three times as long as second. Cheeks | of female about as wide as margin of epistoma, those of male -much narrower. Scutellum enlarged, elongate and broad, especially so in female, with about five or six marginal pairs of macrochete besides the apical pair. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 155 Protomiltogramma cincta, new species. 3 Length of body 7 to 10 mm.; of wing 5 to 6.5 mm. One male and one female, latter the larger; male from Hamilton, Upper _ North Pine, Queensland, Jany., 1890; female from Buderim Mt., eS Queensland, Dec., 1889 (Dept. of Mines and Agr.). Face and cheeks luteous, with pale yellowish bloom; rather _ more silvery in male. Frontalia fulvous to fulvotestaceous, an- ~ tenne wholly light ochre-yellow, arista brown. Parafrontals : golden. Thorax, pleuree and scutellum with golden pollen, which is paler in front ‘and on sides; the mesoscutum with three heavy brown vitte plainly continued on scutellum. Abdomen dark _ brown or blackish, the second to fourth segments evenly bordered _ anteriorly with rather broad band of silvery, which may have a faint golden lustre. Legs black, femora pollinose on outside. Wings clear, tegula watery-white. Holotype—No. 19972 U.S, N. M., female. Froggattimyia, new genus. Genotype, Froggattimyia hiyta, new species. Parafrontals and parafacials evenly covered with short black _ , bristly hairs. Parafacials bulged, their planes not oblique but “nearly transverse. Cheek grooves restricted. Cheeks of male Mi swollen, one-half eye-height in width, evenly clothed with fine ‘ % ‘short black hairs; those of female with yellowish hairs. Female _ vertex a little less than width of one eye, that of male hardly over one-half eye-width. Female with two. proclinate orbitals, 4 male without. Ocellar bristles small. Front of male prominent; in profile, frontals descending only a little below base of antenna face rather receding; facial plate elongate and narrow, only a little sunken, with rather sharp carina, vibrisse situated well above oral margin, epistoma fot prominent. Third antennal joint about two and one-half times second; palpi club-shaped. Apical pair of Be parated and strong scutellar bristles, and two lateral pairs. Abdominal macrochete vestigial in both sexes. Hind tibize very short-ciliate in both sexes. ‘Apical cell ending well before wing tip, open; hind cross-vein sinuate, nearer to bend; latter rounded, without wrinkle or stump. Parafrontals slightly widening below, 156 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST .- : ‘ Se - — where they are nearly as wide as facial depression. Frontalia broad in both sexes, narrowed posteriorly in male. e Named in honour of Mr. W. W. Froggatt. * | ( Froggattimyia hirta, new species. Length of body 7 to 10 mm.; of wing 6.75 to 8 mm. One male ~ and one female, Mittagong, N.S. W., reared from sawfly larve, Feby., 1902 (W. W. Froggatt). The smaller measurements are of the female, whose abdomen is flexed. 2 as Cheeks, face and front pale golden; frontalia fulvous to rufous; antenne fulvous, third joint brown on upper edge at least distally. __ Mesoscutum dark; with thin pollinose coat in male leaving five — vitte, the middle one linear; thick coat of ashy pollen in female, leaving four vitte and a faint suggestion of fifth. Scutellum dull luteous. Abdomen brownish, broadly dull fulvorufous on sides from first to fourth segments in male, narrowly so on first to third segments in female, ashy pollinose on dark parts and yellowish pollinose on lighter parts. Legs luteous to fulvous, femora of male blackish on base. Wings nearly clear. Tegule pale yellowish to whitish. : Big Holotype—No. 19973 U.S. N.M., male. 3 : 3 -< a Fr Protomeigenia, new genus. e Genotype—Protomeigenia aurea, new species. Differs from Froggatiimyia as follows: Parafacials bare, with 7 some short bristly hairs above near lowest frontals. Vertex as female fully as wide as one eye, that-of male about two-thirds same. a Frontalia rather wider, front more prominent, face more receding. — 4 Parafacials rather broader, not bulged, their planes oblique; a facial plate distinctly more sunken. Scutellum with a weak de- 4 cussate apical pair of bristles in both sexes, and three lateral pairs of stronger ones. Cheek grooves not so restricted. Cheeks not so- g swollen. a Protomeigenia aurea, new. species. Length of body 7 to 9 mm.; of wing 6.5 to 7.5 mm. One male : and one female, Manilla, N.S. W., reared from sawfly larvae, ie THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 Ray. 10 and 13, 1902 (W. W. Froggatt). The female is the smaller -and has the abdomen flexed. --_ Face, cheeks and front golden. Facial plate lighter, frontalia -brownish-rufous. Antenne bright rufous, the third joint blackish on upper edge and distally. . Mesoscutum of both sexes with four - -vittae, the inner pair linear. Scutellum fulvorufous. Abdomen of _ male with only the faintest suggestion of fulvous on sides, that of female without. Thorax and abdomen dark, quite thickly coated with silvery. Otherwise the colour description of preceding species applies exactly., Holotype—No. 19974 U.S. N.M., male. Austrophorocera, new genus. Genotype, Phorocera biserialis Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 89, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 347. es: Allied to Thrycolyga. Facialia ciliate in two rows to base of - antenne. _ Apical scutellar bristles very fine, short, decussate. Male front rather broad, with two rows of bristles on each side. _ Frontals descending well below base of antenne. Third antennal joint four times as long as the second, which is not elongate. Arista thickened on only basal half. Parafacials bare. Eyes hairy. No discal macrochztz on intermediate segments of abdomen. Hind _cross-vein sinuate, at two-thirds the distance between the small _cross-vein and bend of fourth vein: Pareupogona, new genus. He ee seype, Masicera oblonga Mcq., 1847, Dipt. bet Suppl. II, 86, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 338. Runs to Eupogona in B.B.’s tables of Masiceratidz, and to Gedia in their tables of Phoroceratidie. Differs from Eupogona as follows: Male only. Second and third abdominal segments with discal -maerochete. Legs elongate. Scutellum with strong separated pair of apical macrochete. Differs from Gedia in the open apical cell, which is very narrow at the end. Four postsuturals. Ocellars long, _ fine, proclinate. Facialia double-ciliate half way up. Parafacials with some short bristly hairs. Frontals strong, descending to middle of face. Vertex moderately wide. Eyes bare. Second 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. aristal joint short. Male claws long. Male with row of delicate — bristles outside the frontals, together with short bristly hairs. Apical cross-vein straight, cubitus without stump. Vertical bristles strong. First abdominal segment. with marginal macrochete. Costal spine small, third vein bristled only at base. Hind tibie — not ciliate. Proboscis short and stout, palpi club-shaped. Third antennal joint of male enlarged, about three times as. long as the second. : To this genus apparently belongs Masicera simplex Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 87, Tasmania; Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 337. The characters agree well, except that the male vertex is considerably narrower. Eurygastropsis, new genus. Genotype, Eurigaster tasmanie Walker, 1858, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n.s. IV, 197, Tasmania, Austen, Ann. Mag. N. H. ser. 7, ~ XIX, 331. : Allied to Frontina. Eyes and parafacials hairy. Ocellar bristles wanting. Epistoma very prominent. Macrochete of abdo- men only marginal. Male claws short. Male frontalia narrowed posteriorly. Frontal bristles descending one-third. way down the face. Facialia ciliate practically their whole length. Antennz reaching the epistoma, third joint six times as long as second. Arista thickened its whole length, hardly as long as third antennal joint. Cubitus obtuse, apical cross-vein slightly bent in, apical cell ending well before wing tip, hind cross-vein nearer to cubitus than to small cross-vein. Mesembriomintho, new genus. Genotype, Mesembriomintho compressa, new species. ‘ Differs from Mintho as follows: Apical cell closed in margin, ending just before wing tip; cubitus close to hind margin of wing; costal spine atrophied. Front of male at vertex hardly over one- third width of one eye, that of female about one-half eye-width- Facialia bare. Arista plumose. Frontal bristles not descending below base of antenna. Abdomen strongly compressed laterally y THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 . .in both sexes. N o median macrocheete on first abdominal segment. a ront claws of male longer than-others. ' Mesembriomintho compressa, new species. - | ~ Length of body 6.75 to 8.5 mm.; of wing 5.25 to 6.75 mm. -~ One male and one female, Hamilton, Upper North Pine, Queens- land, Jany. 1890 (Dept. of Mines and Agriculture). The female e is the smaller. EP Black, silvery pollinose. Frontalia said first two antennal joints _ dark brown; third joint dusky, with a silvery bloom. Palpi fulvous, _ obscurely infuscate basally in female. Thorax silvery; with four linear vitta, the middle ones stopping at suture; the outer ones obliterated anteriorly by a heavy broad vitta on each side, the two being confluent on anterior edge of thorax. Scutellum blackish. First abdominal segment, apical half of second and more than apical half of third shining black, not pollinose; rest of abdomen ape silvery-white pollinose. Legs blackish; femora. brownish, silvery - - on outside, especially front pair. Wings lightly yellowish-smoky. ' Tegule watery-whitish. 4 Holotype—No. 19975 U.S. N. M., male. Parabrachelia, new genus. oe. _Genotype, Masicera rufipes Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 86, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 339. es Differs from Brachelia as follows: Male only. Cheess broad. _ _Proboscis short, palpi slender. Apical cell closed in margin, cubitus - without.stump. Hind tibiae not ciliate. Parafacials broad, bare. - Ocellars present, proclinate. Male claws elongate. Abdominal ~‘macrochetz discal and marginal. Apical cross-vein straight. ~Eyes thickly hairy. Epistoma prominently produced. Apical -scutellar bristles erect, delicate, not decussate; the laterals very long and strong. Vertical bristles present. Second aristal joint short. First abdominal segment shortened, hypopygium small. Frontal bristles descending one-third way down the face. Third ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 145 ‘than the 5th. Legs green; apices of femora and tibiz and the tarsi black. Length 1.5 to 2 mm. Oviparous female: __ Apterous. Green to dull yellow, often mottled; head brownish. Cornicles black, straight, imbricated. Cauda black. Antenne not as long as body; of 6 segments, basal one larger than the 2nd, _ 3rd, 4th and 5th nearly equal in length; 6th about as long as 4th and 5th; the 5th and 6th dark; also the Ist and 2nd, remainder - green; imbricated, especially apically. The junction of the 3rd - and 4th often indistinct. Eyes large, dark. Proboscis reaching past the 2nd pair of legs, acuminate. Pronotum with a large _ green papilla on each side; abdomen with a large papilla on each side before hind legs and 3 smaller ones between them and the cornicles; sometimes yellowish laterally; also with a few hairs. ‘Cornicles thick, black, cylindrical,” slightly expanding basally, imbricated, longer-than segment 3 of the antenne. Cauda promi- nent, dark and very spinose, with 5-6 pairs of lateral hairs curved apically and a median dorsal apical one. Anal plate dark. Legs with dark femora, except just at their base; tibia pale, dark at the apex; tarsi dark; hind tibie with a few pores (2-6), or trace of sensoria*; genitalia dark. ' Length 1 to 1.5 mm. Male: Apterous, dull yellowish-brown, yellowish-green to green. Antenne of 6 segments, not quite as long to slightly longer than the body; Ist segment wider than the 2nd, but no longer; 3rd as. long as the 4th; 4th slightly longer or the same length as the 5th; _ 6th about as long as the 4th and 5th; in a few I have noticed a - single sensorium on the 4th; edges markedly serrated. Eyes large, black. Cornicles black, cylindrical, slightly expanding at the base; not quite as long as segment 3 of the antenna. Femora and tibiz dull green to deep brown, except the apex of the latter; tarsi dark. Cauda black, spinose, with several long lateral hairs bent at their tips. Genitalia black. Penis yellowish. _ Length .8 to 1.0 mm. *Gillett says 10 oval sensoria on hind tibiz. _ 176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Food Pliants—Apple, Pear, Cotoneaster vulgaris, Cydonia a spp., Mespilus germanicus, Crategus oxycanthe, C. monogyna. It has also been referred to on Sorbus aucuparia, S. domesticus, and S. torminalis. Macchiati gives Mespilus japonica and Ailantus © a glandulosa (p. 255). : Distribution.—All over Britain and Europe ponent America, - : . South Africa. The only African records are Dewar’s (1905) and are by Lounsbury, who found the ova on imported stock. Tas- mania (Lea). Notes ON LIFE-HISTORY. etc ’ The Green Apple Aphis occurs every year on apples and pears in Britain, often in considerable numbers, but never in such | vast swarms as does the following species. Moreover the damage caused by it is not nearly so severe as that done by Aphis Rochit. = It mainly lives on the top shoots and beneath the leaves; some- ~ times it is densely packed together; at others in scattered groups. The curling of the foliage is not.nearly so severe as in attacks of Aphis kochii. This green ‘‘ Dolphin” hatches out from mid-April to _ early in May; that is somewhat later than in the following species. It increases very slowly at first, but in June it may spread very rapidly, and on into July, when the tops of the trees may become covered with it. The earliest alate females I have found were towards the end of June, and these may continue to appear erratic-_ “7 ally on into August and fly from the apple and pear to other trees close by. In Octoker the sexual forms occur, namely, apterous, oviparous females and apterous males. These often swarm in October and November under the leaves, where copulation takes place. When fertilized, the females. crowd on to the shoots and there deposit their ova, usually great numbers together, so that a nothing of the shoots can be seen. At first the ova are yellowish- =. green to dull yellow; in a few days they become black and shiny. — There they remain all the winter. The males are very few in — 7 number. The whole life-cycle seems to be passed on the app and pear, unlike Aphis kochii and A. avene. Miss Patch also finds in America that it is not migratory, and is thus to be found at all seasons of the year upon apples in some form or other. . :. This species does comparatively little harm in Britain, although ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 177 it often eccurs in great abundance. On young nursery stock, however, I have seen it not only stunt the growth to a very great extent, but to actually kill the tender tigs of the shoots. In America Miss Patch says that it is by far the mcst troublesome of the leaf aphides of the apple in Maine; contrary to what we notice in Britain. It can easily be dealt with by spraying, unlike our- most troublesome Apple Aphis— THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST rounded on the front margin; the asperities of the cephalic half numerous and subconcentric; the caudal half moderately deeply, closely punctured, densely on the sides; the median line smooth, and narrowly carinate from the summit to the base; the lateral oblique depressions connected across the dorsum. The elytra are elongate, with the sutural striz slightly, broadly impressed, a little more widely behind; the other striz not im- pressed; the strial punctures very small, moderately close and ‘deep; the interstrial punctures nearly as large and nearly as close as those of the striz, finely granulate behind; the suture elevated except at the base and granulate towards the declivity. The declivity convex from the side, steep, the sutural striae deeply — widely sulcate, wider towards the apex, terminated before the apex of the elytra by the obtuse, narrow, apical projection; shining, very “minutely rather sparsely punctured; with a few minute denticles on each side in the usual position on the crest of the lateral convexity, the Ist on the end of the 2nd interspace, the 2nd on the 3rd interspace, and two close together on the 5th and 6th interspaces. The second visible abdominal sternite is as long as the two following ones united. The male has the front as in the female; it differs only in having the declivital denticles of the 2nd, 3rd and 6th interspaces developed into small acute teeth, and the declivital impression apparently deeper thereby. The genitalia have the ‘“‘trough’’ a very long spiral band and the pro- cesses (feet) very long and slender, very much as in sparsus. This species is of the size of jasperi, but more slender, and is allied to the species of Pityokteines in the small size, the elytral punctuation, the poorly developed apical projection of the elytra, the long second visible abdominal sternite, and the characters of the male genitalia. The antennal club, however, although flattened considerably, has the apical segments incompletely telescoped, showing distinctly at the apex from the upper side, the apex of the declivity, too, is distinctly though obtusely margined; and the female lacks the strong tuft of hairs on the front; these characters unite the species rather definitely with the genus Orthotomicus. Type series from Rogers’ Pass, British Columbia, abundant in Abies lasiocarpa; Edmonton, Alta., abundant in Larix americana. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. : ee bis a Fe 2 se , tae Ge Oe oe ae eh a ae na eae F P THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : 185 Orthotomicus ornatus, n. sp. This is a small elongate species, allied to sparus (balsameus) Lec., and also to celatus Eichh. Description of the male—Length, 2.3 mm. The head has the front convex, closely, rather coarsely granulate, with the median carina nearly obsolete, the hairs long but sparse; the antennal club about as wide as long, thickened basally, the apical half strongly obliquely truncate, the first suture recurved, with the _ apical segments almost completely telescoped, showing only one suture at the apex, on the upper surface. | The pronotum is distinctly longer than wide; with the sides straight to well beyond the middle, then narrowed to the broadly _ rounded front margin; coarsely very sparsely asperate and finely granulate, moderately punctured behind, closely on the sides, rather sparsely on the disc, with a smooth medium space becoming narrow and slightly carinate towards the summit. The elyiva have the sides stiaight and parallel for four-fifths the length; then semicircularly rounded behind as viewed from above; the striae narrow, straight, regular, and slightly impressed; the sutural strize slightly wider and more strongly impressed on the disc, still more strongly behind, but not widened before the declivity; the strial punctures rather large except towards the base, regular, quadrate, and very closely placed; larger and closer behind; the interspaces nearly flat, those of the disc wider than the strie in front and narrower towards the declivity, uniseriately punctured, the punctures rather numerous, about 12 on the discal interspaces between the base and the top of the declivity, the punctures very small in front becoming as large and close as those of the -striz and granulate near the declivity. The declivity is vertical, moderately concave, somewhat less deeply than the male of sparsus; densely, coarsely punctured and hairy; with three acute teeth on each elytron, the first tooth minute, on the second interspace; the second extremely coarse, stout at the base, acute, incurved, on the third and fourth interspaces, much clcser to the first tooth than to the third; the third smaller, slender, straight and acute, on the sixth and seventh interspaces; the second and third on the margin of the declivity, which is completed laterally 186-5 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST by a subacute arcuate ridge connecting the second “and third teeth; with a small denticle on the end of the fifth interspace at the base of the second tooth; the apical margin of the declivity narrowly separated from the elytral margin, moderately acute, entire, extending across the suture. The female has the front closely coarsely granulate-punctate, with a narrow median carina on the caudal half developed into a compressed tubercle at the cephalic end on the centre of the front, and with a deep transverse impression between the tubercle and the margin of the epistoma; the declivity nearly vertical, similar to that of the male, but much less deeply concave; the sutural strie still distinctly but much less deeply and broadly sulcate, and the sides of the declivity less elevated and less distinctly margin- ed; the apical margin feeble, barely distinct at the suture; with ‘smaller teeth, situated much as in the male, on the convexity laterad of the sulcus, but in a straight oblique line, the first minute, the second and third alike, small, conical and acute; the concavity densely, coarsely punctured and hairy as in the male. The second visible segment of the abdomen is as long as the next two united. This species unites the characters of Orthotomicus with these of Pityokteines. It is allied to Orthotomicus in the frontal secondary sexual characters, and in the fairly distinct apical margin of the declivity; but rather closely to the typical Pityokteines in the small size, long second visible abdominal sternite, and frequently by the characters of the somewhat variable antennal club. It is represented in our collection as follows: A short type series from Williams, Arizona, in the Cornell Uni. Collection, No. 302, sub. 100; a short series from Oregon sent by Professor H. F. Wilson; a short series from Tulare, Co. Cal., taken by Mr. Ralph Hopping in Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. Ips chagnoni, n. sp. . Description of the male—Length, 4.7 mm.; width, 1.75 mm.; larger and stouter than its close ally, grandicollis Eich., sides of prothorax and elytra nearly parallel, pronotum slightly wider than the elytra; clothed with stiff, erect, reddish hairs, thick ee ot 7 -! THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 187 about the sides, front of the pronotum and margin of the declivity, sparse on disc of pronotum and disc of elytra. The front of the head is much as in grandicollis, but more coarsely sculptured, with a median coarse granule near the epistomal ‘margin, succeeded by a broad median impression, and this by the -wide smooth median line; the antennal club has the sutures rather broadly but strongly angulate. _ The pronotum is distinctly but only moderately longer than _ wide, broadly rounded behind, with the hind angles oblique; the sides subparallel to the middle, then obliquely narrowed and _ broadly rounded in front; the asperities of the cephalic half rather small and concentric near the summit; the caudal part smooth and shining, rather finely and moderately closely punctured on _ the disc, with the smooth median space obsolete except at the centre of the disc, closely and more coarsely punctured on the sides. The elytra are punctate- -striate, with the striz slightly impressed 4 on the disc, excepting the sutural striae, which are very deeply impressed and wider behind, with the punctures larger, closer and transverse; the punctures of the remaining strie of medium _ size, circular and more closely placed on the disc; the interspaces __ flattened, excepting the first two, which are distinctly convex; all the interspaces confusedly punctured and granulate at the margin of the declivity; the lateral interspaces closely uniseriately punctured, with punctures as large as those of the stria, the punc- tures confused at the base, near the declivity, and on the last two interspaces; the discal interspaces more sparsely punctured, the first rather closely uniseriately punctured throughout and - granulate near the declivity, the second punctured only near the - declivity and the base, widest and the most strongly convex; the third with three widely separated punctures in addition to these at the base and near the declivity; the fourth punctured forward to the middle and again at the base; the fifth sparsely punctured at the base and closely towards the declivity; and the remaining interspaces closely punctured; the elytra rather densely clothed with stiff reddish hairs on the sides and around the margin of the declivity, with a few hairs along the base, and very sparsely hairy on the disc. The declivity is deeply excavated, ccarsely, 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST not densely, confusedly punctured, with numerous minute. hairs, thicker and longer near the margin and on the strongly raised suture; the declivital armiture nearly as in grandicollis Eichhoft; the first tooth small, acute, on the end of the second inteispace; the second, on the fourth interspace, large, acute, the apex directed _ dorso-mesad with the caudal margin crenulate and nearly vertical, connected at its base with the third tooth, which is stouter and longer, blunt and somewhat curved meso-caudad; the fourth and fifth teeth smaller and acute, on the declivital margin between the 3rd and the acute apical margin, which is narrow, acute, and raised almost to the level of the tips of the 4th and 5th teeth. The female is somewhat less coarsely sculptured on the front and declivity. There is considerable variation in the punctuation, and the discal striae of the elytra are frequently decidedly impressed, with all the discal interspaces convex. The length varies from 4 mm., to 5.2 mm. This species is distinct from grandicollis Eich. in the larger ‘size, stouter form, shorter pronotum, and confusedly punctured interspaces near the declivity; from vancouvert and confusus by the very sparse punctures on the basal half of the discal inter- spaces. The species is abundant in Ontario and Quebec Provinces, chiefly in Picea canadensis and Pinus strobus; it extends south- wards into New York State. The type is from Montreal Island, P. Q., collected by Mr. G. Chagnon, of Montreal, and is deposited in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. Ips vancouveri, n. sp. Description of the male— Allied to confusus Lec., but stouter, densely hairy, and much more coarsely suclptured; length, 5.5 mm.; colour, dark reddish brown. The head has the front evenly convex; coarsely rather sparsely granulate, more finely and densely on the sides; the epistoma _ transversely impressed, with a narrow median emargination; with a compressed, short, blunt median tubercle at the base of the epistoma, followed by a small median impression, and the smooth median line obsolete; the vertex shining and nearly smooth; the vr = 4 x ag . ’ a — p : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 189 sutures of the antennal club very strongly angulate at the middle; the pubescence of the front close, long and erect. The pronotum is distinctly longer than wide, widest at the base, with the sides slightly arcuately narrowed for two-thirds the length, then strongly narrowed to the narrow but broadly rounded front margin; subconcentrically, not,very densely asperate in front; the pubescence abundant and long about the sides and in front; closely, rather coarsely and deeply punctured behind, more closely on the sides. The elytra are as wide as the pronotum, with the stria strongly impressed on the disc, distinctly impressed on the sides; the sutural strie deep and wide, deepened towards the base, and widened. behind; the strial punctures coarse, close, deep and quadrate, smaller near the declivity, the discal interspaces strongly convex and coarsely roughly punctured, not closely near the base, densely and confused on more than the caudal half, and granulate about the declivity; the lateral interspaces with the punctures less coarse but-very densely confused throughout; the first interspace closely confusedly punctured and uniseriately granulate; the second interspace the widest, sparsely punctured in front, closely, con- fusedly granulate-punctate on more than the caudal half and with a row of acute granules terminating in the first declivital tooth, which is much closer to the second tooth than to the suture; the de- clivital teeth otherwise nearly as in confusus, but distinctly coarser, the 2nd tooth conical acute, with its caudal margin sinuate and nearly vertical, close to the 3rd, which is stout, subcapitate. and curved downwards, the 4th and 5th conical, on the margin of the declivity between the 3rd and the narrow, strongly produced apical margin; the concavity densely, deeply, rather finely punc- tured, and densely clothed throughout with long slender pale hairs; the elytra densely clothed with long hairs, more sparsely on the disc. The female has the frontal tubercle of the male represented by a slight median episternal carina, followed by a median shining ‘impressed area, and the declivital teeth less strongly developed. The species occurs in Sitka spruce and western white pine on Vancouver Island andthe coast. of British Columbia; it occurs 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST at Kaslo, B. C., and probably elsewhere in the interior. The type is from Pinus monticola, Quathiaski Cove, B. C. The size varies moderately, from 5 mm. to 5.7 mm. in length; the colour, from dark reddish to black; the punctuation from coarse to moderate in size. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. Leperisinus californicus, n. sp. This species is allied to aculeatus Say, of the same size and shape, with the yellow-grey markings very distinct. Description of the female—Length, 2.5 mm.; colour, black, with the apex of the pronotum, the base of the elytra, the scape and funicle of the antenne and the legs red, and the pronotum and elytra distinctly marked with areas of yellow-grey scales. The head has the front broadly moderately concave in front, convex towards the vertex; very finely reticulate and moderately shining; finely granulate-punctate, sparsely in front, with closer, shorter, erect, dark, plumose hairs behind, the epistoma bearing very long, upcurved, slender, plumose hairs, and from the margin a dense fringe of very long, simple, orange-coloured hairs; a sub- triangular area behind the epistoma more brightly shining and with a faint trace of a median carina; the antennal club pubescent, elongate oval, moderately compressed, with the sutures transverse, the last oblique. The pronotum is very much wider than long, strongly arcuate on the sides and very strongly narrowed in front to the very broadly rounded but not emarginate front margin; with coarse, shallow punctures, finely scabrous on the median area, with rather numerous coarse, lunar rugosities on the middle of the sides, ending in front in a submarginal row of rugosities connecting the lateral dark areas; the colour-markings somewhat as in aculeatus, with a black lens-shaped, longitudinal, median area, clothed with elongate, plumose, dark-coloured, almost invisible scales, intermixed with stout plumose hairs; with a longitudinal, narrow, irregular, medially widened, black area in the middle of each side and the remainder of the disc. densely clothed with very wide, flat, yellow-grey, plumose scales, with a few stout plumose hairs intermixed, the with ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 191 scales gradually becoming stout plumose hairs on the ventral surface and along the front margin. The elytra are shaped much as in aculeatus, strongly elevated, arcuate and serrate on the basal margin, and narrowly rounded behind as viewed from above; the declivity very strongly oblique, from the side, so that the median line of the elytra is almost evenly broadly arcuate in profile from the middle to the apex; clothed with scales and erect hairs; the stria very narrow, slightly impressed; the strial punctures. small and indistinct; the interspaces wide and nearly flat, on the disc slightly convex towards the base; the suture elevated on the caudal two-thirds, and the third interspace con- - vex, more strongly on the declivity; the interspaces with uniseriate coarse rugosities, becoming lunar and more numerous at the base and more acute behind; densely clothed with very wide, often subcircular, flattened, plumose scales which become stout plumose hairs at the base, long, conspicuous and usually black on the caudal two-thirds of the sides, very slender near the side margin, becoming _ very large, erect, widely spatulate scales behind on the disc, longer and densely placed on the first and third interspaces of the declivity, making those interspaces apparently carinate, nearly obsolete on the second declivital interspace; on the disc the vestiture coloured in three yellow-grey bands alternating with three dark subtransverse bands; the first band black, suffused with reddish, basal; the second band pale, wide, from the suture to the side margins, extending irregularly backwards on the side, with the pale section of the first interspace attaining the scutellum, that on the second ex- tended farther behind, that on third nearly obsolete; the second pale band, the fourth from the base, is a subquadrate blotch on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th interspaces, extended forward on the 5th and connected diagonally by scattered pale scales with the _ base of the first pale band, evidently the remnant of a strongly oblique pale band, surrounded by the 3rd and 5th bands, which are black, and meet on the middle of the side to be extended ir- regularly to the side margins; the third pale band, the sixth from the base, is transverse, apical, with a narrow extension forward on the 4th and 5th interspaces nearly to the 2nd pale band, and connected by scattered pale scales with a_caudal extension of the Ist pale band on the 8th interspace. 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The ventral surface is strongly inflated at the metathorax, the abdomen strongly oblique from the metathorax to the apex; the last segment strongly flattened and the last three sutures very deep; clothed with greyish, stout, plumose, scale-like hairs with slender plumose hairs intermixed towards the middle: line, with a dark area covering the last two segments and the caudal border of the 3rd densely clothed with erect black hairs. : The male has the front less concave, with a well-developed acute postepistomal median carina, with the hairs on the epistoma short except the marginal fringe, which is moderately long. Labels with the type: San Diego, Cal., 7-18-15, olive, 9. Adults and work in olive branches were received from Professor’ E. O. Essig and Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. The species was taken from living olive trees, at San Diego, Cal., in 1914, and was causing much injury to the host. Two specimens of the same species were received from Mr. Ralph Hopping, taken by him on brush in the chapparal belt, Camp Greely, Fresno Co., Cal., 3,000 ft., in 1909. The type of this species is in the collection of the Entomo- logical Branch. Ottawa. . THE NYMPHS OF ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM AND E. CALVERTI. BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. The nymph of Enallagma cyathigerum Charp. has been ae scribed by Lucas (’00)! and Ris (’09)?, that of E. calverti Morse by the present writer (’13)%. No description of the nymph of the former species based on American specimens has, however, yet appeared, and this has been a desideratum for two reasons. In the first place the American form of eyathigerum. was originally described as a distinct species (EZ. annexum Hagen), and has been frequently cited under this name, or as E. cyathigerum race annexum, and although Williamson (’02)* pointed out: its identity with cyathigerum, and has been generally followed, the question of the validity of annexum as a race has always seemed to me not indisputable. } have examined a large number of Cana- dian specimens from a very wide range of territory and also a number of European examples, and, although I regard them all as one species, I have never had any difficulty in separating the June, 1916 ; > . ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 193 males of the American form from those of the European form by the shape of the abdominal appendages. The difference is slight, but constant in the material I have examined. In the second place, having recently reared cyathigerum at Toronto, I find that the nymph does not wholly agree with Ris’ description and figure (I have not had access to Lucas’ description), but that, on the other hand, it is so extremely like that of calverti that a comparative study of these forms is necessary in order to make their separation possible. Early in June, 1914, I found E. cyathigerum in considerable numbers at ‘‘Fisherman’s Island,’’ a long narrow sand bar, south” of the city, which separates Ashbridge’s Bay from the open lake, and, until recent filling-in operations commenced, was margined on the inner side by a wide extent of marsh. It proved too late to obtain the nymphs that season, but on May 24 of the following year a visit was made to the same spot and about twenty mature nymphs were secured. They were accompanied by large numbers of E. hageni. On May 26a male cyathigerum emerged, and as the identity of the nymphs was now assured, the remainder was preserved for study. Imagos had already become quite numerous on the island, and soon became abundant. A large number were examined, but all were alike; no specimens of calverti were found among them. Shortly afterwards they disappeared and were followed, as in the previous year, by swarms of E. hageni. During the season of flight of cyathigerum, E. calverti was common about a pond in the vicinity of my house in Wychwood Park, Toronto, and I reared this species again here, as I had previously done at Lake Simcoe and Go-Home Bay, Ont. I was thus able to obtain sufficient material for a comparison of the nymphs of the two species. The Nymph of Enallagma cyathigerum. (Pl. IX). Very similar to E. calverti Morse in size, form and coloration (v. Can. Ent., XLV, 1913, p.162, pl. 1, figs. 4, 5). Head as in British Dragonflies, pp. 297-307. Die Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands. Heft 9, Odonata, pp. 50, 54. Can. Ent., XLV, No. 6, p. 162. Proc. Acad. Ind., p. 121.) we SOO 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST E. calverti, differing from that of E. hageni, E. ebrium, Ischnura verticalis and Cenagrion resolutum in the somewhat more prominent eyes and postero-lateral surfaces of the head, these parts having a somewhat more strongly sinuate outline in dorsal view (cf. Can. Ent., /.c., figs. 4, 6). Labium of the usual form in this genus, the lateral margins in about the proximal two-thirds straight and diverging at an angle of about 30°, in the remainder at about 70°, breadth at the base of lateral lobes four-fifths of the length; mental setz 4, sometimes 3 on one or both sides, lateral sete 6; lateral lobes of the usual form, the end-hook preceded by 2 or 3 teeth, which are preceded by a more or less denticulated and . incurved margin. Spinules on lateral margins of abdominal seg- ments of moderate size, forming an irregular single or partly double series and not increasing much in size near the postero- . lateral angles. Gills long and relatively narrower than in £&. hodial: the margins of a little less than the proximal half spinulose, the spinules. somewhat coarse, particularly on the dorsal margin of the median gill and the ventral margins of the lateral gills, distal margins with moderately long slender hairs; apices convexo-angulate or rounded. The greatest. breadth is just before the distal end of the spinulose margins, measuring between one-fourth and one- fifth (median gill) or one-fifth and one-sixth (lateral gills) of the length. Beyond this point the gills are suddenly, though slightly, narrowed. The lateral appendages (superior appendages of adult) differ in form in the two sexes. In the male, they are rounded and some- what depressed, in profile about half longer than deep, and, when viewed obliquely from above, they present a distinct, though shallow, dorso-caudal concavity; viewed directly from above, they appear about as broad as long with convex margins, especially the outer.. In the female, these appendages are subpyramidal, tapering to a blunt apex, the outer margin in dorsal view nearly straight, the inner margins somewhat more convex toward the base. Colour—Olivaceous or brownish-green (brownish- yellow in alcoholic specimens), generally nearly uniform, but frequently more or less speckled with dark irregular spots, the abdomen - a, a » ery er THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 195 usually with diffuse, dorsal longitudinal dark band, divided by a pale median line, and sometimes with a definite row of dark spots on the sides, legs pale, femora with a darker anteapical annulus, which may be faint in pale specimens. Gills generally diffuse greyish-brown, sometimes very pale, sometimes quite dark, typically with three or four narrow, transverse, somewhat angular bars about the middle or slightly beyond, following one another closely and sometimes partly confluent, the first band usually the most distinct and in very pale specimens.sometimes the only one present. In well-marked specimens there may be an indication of another band farther distad, and in dark specimens there may also be considerable pigmentation along the tracheal branches and some- times dark blotehes independent of the trachee. Length of body .21-21.5 mm.; hind wing-pad 4-4.8 mm.; hind femora 3.8-4.4 mm.; gills 7.5-8.5 mm. As in the case of the adults, the nymphs of E. cyathigerum and calverti differ apparently only in one constant character, the form of the superior (lateral) abdominal appendages of the male. In the nymph of calverti these appendages in profile appear fully as deep as long, with a much broader and more bluntly rounded apex, which is somewhat above the mid-longitudinal axis. The suleation seen in cyathigerum in an oblique view. from above is not present in calverti. The outline of the appendage viewed directly from above is less rounded than in cyathigerum, the outer margins being but slightly curved, and passing into the posterior margins by a rounded angle. There is a distinct submedian longi- tudinal ridge. Ris’ figure of the gill of a European specimen of E. cyathigerum, reproduced from a photograph, differs considerably from the gills of my specimens, being more like those of E. hageni and E. ebrium in form. It is littke more than three times as long as broad; the margins are more evenly convex, and the marginal spinules appear decidedly smaller, those of the stronger series not interrupting the curve of the margin as in American specimens and in E. calvertt- In Ris’ figure, the gill is broadest beyond the apex of the spinulose part of the margins, while in American specimens the greatest width is just before this point. The gill is also described as having no transverse bands and none appear on the figure. 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Figs. 1-5, Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp., nymph; 1, median gill; 2, lateral’ abdominal appendages of female, dorsal view (median gill removed); 3, lateral abdominal appendages of male, dorsal view; 4, right appendage of male, profile view; 5, same; dorso-lateral view. Figs. 6-8, Enallagma calverti Morse, nymph; 6, lateral abdominal appendages of male, dorsal view (median - gill removed); 7, right appendage of male, profile view; 8, same, dorso-lateral view. sa , GEOFFREY MEADE-WALDO. All who attended the Jubilee Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario in August, 1913, remember, among other pleasant recollections of that meeting, the pleasure which the presence of Mr. Meade-Waldo occasioned; Mr. Meade-Waldo attended the meeting as a representative of the British Museum of Natural History. To all those and to his other friends in Canada his untimely death in March will come as a shock. He had a peculiarly winning manner and a deep love not only of the science to which he chiefly devoted himself, but to nature generally, as he was a keen ornithologist and an ardent advocate for the preserva- tion of wild life.. His enthusiasm was very marked during the excursion we made-at the time of the meeting to Grimsby, from which excursion he arrived home not only with his hands full, but, in the absence of a third prehensile organ, carrying in his mouth a twig bearing a Sphinx caterpillar. Mr. Meade-Waldo was born in January, 1884, and gS: being educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford, he visited the East, including the Federated Malay States and Borneo. In 1909 he was appointed to the Entomological Department of the British Museum, Natural History, where at the time of his death he had charge of the Hymenoptera. In this group he had already carried out valuable and much-needed work, and his death will be a severe loss not only to British entomology, but to -astill wider body of entomologists who were following his promising career with great expectations. : C. Gorpon Hewitt. Can. Ent., Vor. XLVII. PLATE IX. wrt b 4 m PP > NYMPHS OF ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM AND E. CALVERTI. (Page 193.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 197 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. FreEsH Woops AND PASTURES NEw. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. II. Just east of the city, overlooking the Lift Lock, stands a high hill, bare of trees. Yet even this naked hog’s back has points of interest; for example, a month ago I discovered that a strange family had established squatter’s rights on the face of it; they had come from the far west, but whether hobo-fashion, bumping it along the railway, or as stowaways in one of the large grain boats so often seen (by politicians and farmers) plying back and forth on the Trent Valley Canal, I do not know. Their godfather was a Russian, Hieronymus Grindel, and Gray describes them as “rarely adventive’’ eastward; rare or not, they have certainly arrived at Peterborough and come to stay: Grindelia squarrosa, the Gum-plant or Tar-weed. But the chief point of interest in this hill just now is the extensive view it affords of Peterborough’s environs. It was from its summit as a vantage ground that I first spied a long stretch of thickly wooded country, about a mile south of the Lift Leck and running east as far as the eye could see. The nearest point in this line of forest is Burnham’s wocd. My first expedition to this discovered a number of newly- felled pines on a side-road near the Burnham farmhouse and orchard. These were visited two or three times in June, and be- sides the common Monohammi, Clerids and Buprestids of the white pine, { captured seven specimens of Acanthocinus obsoletus, a light grey beetle with extremely long antennz; it is very fond of resting on the under side of the trunk of pine trees in their first season of decay. I once captured nearly a score of these in the first half of June on a single pine, that in falling had lodged in the crotch of a neighbouring tree. I took also’ five specimens of a Neoclytus, which | think is longipes: head, thorax and body black, with three grayish-white lines of pubescence on each elytron; viz., a vertical crescent at the base, an oblique median line, and a trans- verse wavy line near the apex. 1 have taken it before on white pine, and have never found it on any other tree; the kindred species, erythrocephalus, reddish-brown in colour with yellow marks June, 1916 . 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST on the elytra, prefers hardwoods, especially oak, hawthorn and maple. Towards the end of June I captured on the same pine trunks a specimen of Leptostylus sex-guttatus (commixtus). Rather nearer the wood was a swamp of willow and alder, and early in Jyne, while testing out the local distribution of Chryso- mela, | spied the graceful outline of a longicorn’s antenna projecting over the edge of an alder leaf just abcve my head. The sun was near the zenith, and I could see through the leaf the oblong shadow of the insect’s body. By mounting on a large overturned pine | stump I could just reach up to the leaf and carefully closed my . finger and thumb over the quarry. I then broke off the leaf with my free hand and succeeded in transferring my capture to the cyanide bottle. Tomy surprise this proved to be a pair of longicorns —the male barely a third the size of the female. I had never séen the beetle before. It was Batyle ignicollis, but, so far, I have been able to learn nothing of its life-history. The wood itself was a somewhat low-lying hardwood with hemlock intermingled; a couple of paths ran through it that had been used in the spring at the gathering of maple sap. Near one of these paths were some stumps and also a large fallen tree of basswood. The first find I made was in fresh fungus on one of the stumps. Here i captured fully a score of a certain staphylinid: apparently all in the same colony, yet (according te cabinet methods) there were specimens here of five or six species. I am glad to see that Blatchley is suspicious of this unnatural system of classi- fication. If there is any value in field observation, his suspicions are more than justified. The beetle was Oxyporus, and my speci-— mens showed every sort of gradation from black to. yellow, an- swering to three or four of Blatchley’s specific descriptions, and probably several others not given in Blatchley. Half of them, no doubt, simply varietal and based on a single capture. About the sheaf of leaves sprouting round the stump I took one or two specimens of Saperda vestita, and, on the trunk of the fallen basswood in the first week of June a treat was in store for me that I had not had for seven years or more, immense numbers of the basswood Saperda emerging from the bark or ovipositing on the trunk. There is a certain season, early in June, and no other (in my experience) when this sight is possible. Two or three See ee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 days later, and this tree showed hardly one insect for every score at the earlier date. ; It was quite early in June, too, that I found, resting on the underside of a limb of the tree, very hard to discern in the shadow, a fairly large grey beetle; about the size of Urographis fasciatus, but abundantly distinct (when the two are set side by side); moreover, what to me seemed more important than all, frequenting basswood. Often as I have found Urographis—sometimes in con-. siderable numbers—it has always been on oak, maple, or some other tree with exceedingly hard and close-fitting bark. So I set representatives of six or seven related genera, including the true Urographis, alongside of my stranger. The elytra of this latter were rounded at the tip, the hind tarsi all small, and the scape of the antennz short and bulging; it was most like Acanthoderes, or Acanthocinus. These, unfortunately, were at opposite ends of the Tribe Acanthoderini; the subdivision of genera in the tribe is based on the shape of the antennal scapes. In my beetle these were strongly clavate. Apparently, then, it was Acanthoderes; but that genus proved to have dorsal tubercles. My beetle had three shining black spaces on the disk of the thorax, corresponding in size and position to such tubercles, but not in the least gibbous. I then went a step further back to the tribal distinction (between Acanthoderini and Pogonocherini); this depends on the shape of the front coxal cavities. With some misgiving, I immersed one of my three specimens of the beetle in hot water—a baptism which fortunately did no damage. As soon as the joints were relaxed and the surface dry, I went on with my scrutiny. The coxal cavities were distinctly angulated. I turned to the Tribe Pogonocherini, and had the joy of identifying beyond a shadow of doubt, even to the species, and that from LeConte and Horn’s masterpiece of generic classification; Hoplosia nubila: a beetle sui generis, so that the description in the key was no less than a detailed etching of the very object before me. The description tallied in every stroke, and to cap it all I found the following notes: In LeConte & Horn— “the genera of this tribe are dispersed by Lacordaire among three groups; the genera have a characteristic habitus, with the exception of Hoplosia, which resembles a'Graphisurus, but with the antenne of Acanthoderes; and in Blatchley—‘‘Hoplosia nubila is said to breed in dry twigs of beech and LINDEN.” 200° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST On a second visit to this tree in the first half of June I had — the good luck to capture a second specimen, and this year at the same date on a similar log in a wood farther east I captured a third. At the end of June, some miles west of Peterborough, on a torn limb of basswood (in which the sap was probably fermenting) I took a specimen of Leptostylus macula, and out of curiosity revisited the tree in Burnham’s wood. Here on one of the upper branches I found—apparently waiting for me—its duplicate. In this same month of June, while following a path through the wood, I caught sight of a very beautiful chrysalis fastened to the underside of a leaflet of butternut. It was short and broad, white with black markings; it appeared to be thick through and ornamented with ridges or prominences on the face of it; visions of a brand new chrysomelid floated before me. Unfortunately the leaf of butternut was firmly attached to a stem 12 or 14 feet up the tree. As I circled round the base of it, with my eye glued on the chrysalis, no doubt I made a good picture for an up-to-date version of A*sop’s fables—The Fox and the Grapes. Well, there was no help for it! If I wanted that chrysalis, I'd got to climb. The revival of a long disused habit—like that of climbing trees— sometimes recalls interesting memories. It is said that the late Prof. Bain, of Aberdeen, soon after the publication of Darwin’s “Descent of Man,’ was found crawling about his study floor in the hope of recovering some of the long-lost sensations of primitive man before he assumed the erect habit. Who knows but that I might, on the same atavistic principle, retrieve some arboreal memory from quadrumanous ancestors as they swung nimbly down the forest aisles. Here goes, anyway! and I approached the tree. Somehow it didn’t look so simple as speeling up the drying- green posts at the age of ten; for one thing, it seemed hard to get close enough to the tree to embrace it; but, as soon as I laid my cheek to the bark and threw my arms about the stem, my shins and feet seemed to correlate instinctively, and up I swarmed. Nor was it so much force of gravity that stopped me half way up, as the ludicrous thought of a new chapter in Dickens, adding yet another to the long list of undignified attitudes involuntarily j struck by the immortal Samuel Pickwick. Assuredly if anyone — : Fi, em, et: ae ae tus ‘Sik e | see Ne war we ee i eee See THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 201 caught me before I caught that chrysalis, I should be haled off to the nearest lunatic asylum. The thought of the chrysalis spurred me up the few feet remaining, and when | did slide.down to the ground, it was not empty-handed. The discovery of three more of these pupz, not many yards further on and within easy reach, was a trifle disconcerting; but if (I reflected) this did eventually prove a new beetle, four specimens were none too many. Little _did I know then that hundreds of this creature—a regular colony —were hiding in the bushes just round the corner, chuckling up their sleeves, probably, at the amazing spectacle of Pickwick heaving his bulk up a butternut tree. Its very name, when I came to discover it, seemed a piece of mocking irony—Anatis, the _ Innocent. I followed the path along to the north end of the wood, through a belt of cedars, to look at a fine colony of Adders’ Tongue Fern, and then turned west. After skirting the edge of the wood for a space, the path presently dipped in again among the trees. Here and there I passed a glade grown up with Early Elder, and suddenly was arrested by a gleam of bright prussian blue and yellow among the leaves. This contrasted colour-scheme characterizes one of the moths as well as a Lampyrid beetle; and more than once I had been disappointed in this way, when I fancied myself stalking and about to bag the famous Elder-borer (Desmocerus pailliatus). But to-day must have been my lucky day, or some of the Little People had admired my efforts at tree climbing and were determined to reward me as only fairies can. It was no changeling grass-moth or fire-fly this time, but the genuine Knotty Cloak. On the same shrub I found a pair of these borers a moment later, and in the little glade, among the thickets of Elder, I captured seven speci- mens of this beautiful beetle in about an hour—always on the under side of the foliage or crawling on'the stem. I don’t think I looked for any thing else all the afternoon than the Early Elder, and I returned home with fifteen of the beetles. Once I knew where and when to look for the Elder-borer, it became a common capture. That season I took over seventy, between June 20 and July 25, nearly always on Early Elder growing in woodland glades, and generally on the foliage. It is not so frequent a borer in the Late Elder, and [ have never found it on the flower-clusters of that plant, which blossoms at the end of June. 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ APHIDIDA&t FOUND ON THE APPLE IN BRITAIN o AND THE 3 CERATOCAMPIDA. Anisota virginiensis Dru. 3 SYNTOMIDA. Tae Scepsis fulvicollis Hbn. Ctenucha virginica Carp. One specimen. LITHOSIID. Crambidia casta Sanb. . Lexis bicolor Grt. “aa _ -Hypoprepia miniata Kirby. ee Hypoprepia fuscosa Hbn. and var. plumbea Hy. Edw. This f variety is distinguished by a wide border on secondaries. Clemensia albata Pack. NOLIDA. Celama cilicoides Grt. Nola sp. near ovilla Grt. Two specimens. One of these was _ submitted to Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough, who were unable to give it an exact name, but stated that it was nearest ovilla. ARCTIIDA. Eubaphe immaculata Reak. Eubaphe spp. Probably rubicundaria Hbn. and quinaria Grt. _ Haploa lecontet Bdyv. and vars. militaris Harr. and vestalis Pack. 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Haploa confusa Lyman. . Se Estigmene acrea Dru. - Estigmene prima Slosson. Estigmene congrua Walk. Hyphantria textor Harr. Diacrisia virginica Fabr. Isia isabella S. & A. : Phragmatobia fuliginosa Linn. Phragmatobia assimilans Walk. Hyphoraia parthenos Harr. A paniesis virgo Linn. Apantesis virguncula Kirby. Apantesis parthenice Kirby. A paniesis oithona Strk. var. rectilinea Kirby. Apantesis wiiliamsi Dodge, var. determinaia Neum. Ammalo tenera Hbn. Euchetias oregonensis Stretch. Halisidota tessellaris S..& A. Halisidota maculata Harr. AGARISTID2. Alypia langtonii Coupes. Males of this species stood separately as octomaculata Fabr. This error has-been a very general one in collections throughout Canada, Lyman going to the extent of pub- lishing an erroneous correction of Holland’s figures. In the male sex, langtonit and octomaculata resemble one another very -closely indeed, and both have two white spots on the secondaries, whereas langtonit 9 has only one. NoctTuIpé&. Charadra deridens Grt. Raphia frater Grt. : Acronycta americana Harr. Females stood correctly, males of the same species standing as hastulifera. Acronycta dactylina Grt. Acronycta cretata Sm. stood as leporina. Acronycta innotata. ‘The whitest specimens of this stood as cretata, whilst some ochreous tinted specimens stood correctly as innotata. | thought at first that these latter might be betule Riley, =~ v . pitted alate a eal” a Wan eg Sean eee 7 ay "% F ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 229 1910. but subsequent investigation showed that I was wrong. I have not, so far, seen betule from western Canada. Acronycta interrupta Gn. A single worn female. Acronycta marulaG.& R. . af Acronycta lobelie Gn. Two specimens. Acronycta manitoba Sm. A series stood correctly named Others stood under fasta Gn, whilst three rather large, but otherwise - similar, specimens were separated as telumGn. I attached the label _ to one of these specimens as evidence of what Smith claimed to have at last identified from Manitoba is “the true telum of Guenée.”’ Acronycta radcliffe. Harv. Two specimens correctly, and a third rather small one, as “ ? tartarea Sm.” Acronycta «uadrata Grt. Acronycta spinigera Gn. A single female, dated June 23rd, Acronycta superans Gn. Acronycta funeralis Grt. A female, June 27th, 1912. Acronycta fragilis Gn. Acronycta grisea Walk. Acronycta falcula Grt. Acronycta albarufa Grt. : Acronycta hesitata Grt. One specimen. Acronycta inclara Sm. Smith admitted that the aggregate of specimens to which he first gave the name inclara (viz., the hama- melis of the Monograph) -contained a mixture of species. He had made no type, but ultimately fixed Hampson’s figure under inclara as representing the type of the species.* Unfortunately the figure is a poor one, but I have caretully compared it with specimens in the British Museum, and have not the least doubt as to the species represented. It appears to be fairly common in Manitoba. The Heath collection contained a long and variable series, of which some stood as inclara; others as hamamelis, and a few small speci- mens as modica Walk. Acronycta impleta Walk: var. illita Smith. Acronycta sperata Grt. I could see no justification whatever for the attempted separation of the ‘‘supposed new species very *Ent. News, XXII, 309-318, July, 1911. ay 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ near sperata,”’ which Smith claimed to have discovered from Cartwright, and which was recorded by Heath in his published _ notes. : Acronycta noctivaga Grt. Acronycta impressa Walk. Acronycta oblinita S. & A. Arsilonche henrici Grt. The North American representative of European albovenosa. Microcelia diphteroides Gn. 7 Bryophila lepidula Grt. var. avirida Smith. Most were the true dull coloured avirida, but they graded through to a form nearly as pale, though not quite as bright, as typical lepidula. Bryophila teratophora H. S. Moma geminata Sm. One of the specimens had a narrow, dark, smoky transverse band, not previously observed in the species. Chytonix palliatricula Gn. and var. iaspis Gn. Batleya dormitans Gn. Hadenella tonsa Grt. Catabena lineolata Walk. One specimen, May 25th, 1911. Platysenta videns Gn. Amongst this series stood one Himella contrahens and one Orthosia inops. Senta defecta Grt. Balsa.malana Fitch. Athetis (Caradrina) extima Walk. ‘Proscenus (Caradrina) miranda Grt. Hypocena (Caradrina) rufostriga Pack. Oligia festivoides Gn. : Hillia iris Zett (orasis H. S.) A single-specimen was of the red-brown var. vigilans Grt., and the rest of the ochreous grey form known as senescens Grt. Hillia algens Grt. A series stood correctly, and another series stood elsewhere as Cleoceris curvifascia Sm. Hillia dircinigra Walk. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 231 B. Protagrotis (Luperina) niveivenosa Grt. This species, which has occasionally, but by no means always, a spine on hind tibia, ’ is identical with viralis Grt. The fact was not known to Sir George F Hampson when he published a viralis. Luperina flavistriga Sn. One female, Aug. Ist, 1911. Luperina stipata Morr. Luperina passer Gn. There was also a male, dated July 25th, © 1911, of a pale grounded, black shaded form of which I have seen . specimens from all the way from Montreal to Vancouver Island. _ [have tried to prove this a distinct species, but so far unsuccessfully. The genitalia in no wise differ from those of normal passer. Hadena indocilis Walk. and vars. runata Smith and enigra Smith. Jndocilis is the form standing in our lists as remissa Hbn. _ After much attention to the subject, I have decided that runata Smith. and enigra Smith are in all probability variations of the same species. Ferens Smith is an exact synonym of runata, and enigra is exactly like some of my British specimens of gemina Hbn., ' of which remissa Hbn. is a European var. corresponding to our indocilis. Separans Grt. and lona Strk. are probably the same ' species as indocilis, in which case lona refers to a form similar to enigra. The male genitalia of all the above-named forms, s> far as | have yet examined them, both British and North American, are alike. This is about the most variable of our Hadenas. The Heath collection contained a single female only of the var. enigra, lacking abdomen, but otherwise in splendid condition, and dated : June 26th, 1905. It stood in the series with miniota, to which it bears a very close resemblance. Hadena alia Gn. and var. rorulenta Sm. Hadena cerivana Sm. There was one very peculiar aberration which I associate here, though it differed widely from anything previously seen. Hadena lateritia Hfn. Hadena dubitans Walk. The black form. Hadena plutonia Grt. About a third of the specimens so stand- - ing were this species, one was dubitans, and the rest Helotropha reniformis. Hadena vultuosa Grt. : ae See ee See 232 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Hadena devastatrix Brace. A few of this species stood under their correct name, but a number far greater did duty for versuta Smith. Hadena arctica Bdn. Hadena occidens Grt., mixed in the series with arctica. Hadena miniota Sm. A few specimens, including two female co-types. I have elsewhere expressed my conviction that miniota was a bronze-coloured form of versuta, but recent examination of the genitalia of a large number of colour forms of Calgary males has disclosed strong evidence of the existence of two species, not always separable on superficial characters. One unfortunate result © of this discovery is that the exact identity of versuta must at present remain in doubt. It is quite probable that older names properly belong to both species. Hadena cariosa Gn. Two specimens. Hadena commoda Walk. (syn. alberta Sm.) Only two specimens stood under their correct name, but numerous others were found mixed with other species. Four specimens stood as cogifata Sm. . as well as one small specimen of lateritia, in truth most sneer like commoda. Hadena lignicolor Gn. Hadena inordinata Morr. One specimen, standing as semi- lunata Grt., the distinctness of which is doubtful. Hadena mactata Sm., including the grey form allecto Si. A female specimen of a probable variation of this species stood, quite wrongly, under adnixa Grt. Hadena modica Gn. Hadena semicana Walk. (syn. hausta Grt.) One specimen, mixed in the series with exhausta Sm. Standing as semicana was a single badly worn specimen of Parastichtis discivaria Walk. Smith always had an entirely wrong conception of semicana, and used to give this name to pale specimens of fractilinea, from which it is’ widely distinct. Hadena exhausta Sm.- A series of very poor specimens. Te a ee * THE. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 233 APHIDIDAE FOUND ON THE APPLE IN BRITAIN me AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM AFRICA. BY FRED V. THEOBALD, M.A. (Continued from Page 213). Aphis (Myzus) nigra, nov. nom. Aphis oxyacanthe Koch (non Schrank). Myzus oxyacanthe Schonteden. Koch, Die Pflanzen, p. 55, figs. 70, 71, 1857. Schonteden, Les Aphid. Palzarct., p. 173 (190?). Theobald, Entomologist, XLIV, p. 404, 1911. This aphid was found by Koch and described from specimens on Pyrus pyraster during May. ~ It has so far been found in Britain in two localities; once at Mortimer, Berkshire, on apple trees (12, VI, 1911) and at Wye on apples (2 and 20, VI, 1911) and on Hawthorn (6, VII, 1907). From notes sent me, it appeared to have been abundant on apple trees at Mortimer, with A. crategi, but later at Wye in the same year I found it in several large colonies on apples, living under the leaves of some Worcester Pearmains and a Peasgood Nonsuch, and previously in the same locality on Hawthorn hedges. _ I have only seen apterous females, but Koch describes and figures the alate viviparous female. A pterous viviparous female: _ _- Black and shiny; antenne black, not half the length of the _ body, of six segments; the Ist wider than the 2nd, scarcely longer; the 3rd nearly as long as the 6th, 4th and 5th about equal, basal area of the 6th nearly half as long as the flagellum; the last two segments and most of the 4th markedly imbricated. The legs may ~ _ be all black, but now and then the tibiz seem to be paler on their basal two-thirds. Alate viviparous female : ~ Described by Koch as being all black, except the tibiae, which are yellowish, except at their apices. There are four pairs of lateral July, 1916 ‘ 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST abdominal papillz before the cornicles. Antenne black and shorter than the body. Cornicles rather short, black. Cauda black, promi- nent. ; . Aphis rumicis, Linnzus. Aphis papaveris Fabricius. Aphis thlaspeos Schrank. Aphis fave Scopoli. Aphis atriplicis Fabricius. Aphis aparines Schrank. Aphis armata Hausmann. Aphis dahlia Mosley. Aphis hortensis Fabricius. Aphis atriplicis Buckton. Aphis euonymi Fabricius. Aphis ulicis Fabricius. Rumicifex Amyot. Meconaphis Amyot. Linneus, Syst. Nat., II, 734, 5 and 736, 16.* Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool., 1913, p. 27, 1914. This very abundant black aphis, which occurs on such a great ‘variety of plants, especially Docks (Rumex spp.), Beans (Fabria spp), Poppies (Papaver spp.) and Euonymus spp., was found - by myself breeding in small colonies on apple trees at Wye in July, 1913, and again at Borough Green in Kent. In the same year I also found numbers on an apple tree near Herne Bay in Kent. In July, 1913, it was also sent me from the Cyder and Fruit Re- search Station at Long Ashton, near Bristol, from apple trees. In Kent only apterous viviparous females and their larvae were found, but from Long Ashton alate, as well as aptere and larve were sent. Specimens from apple trees near Exeter, Devonshire, were also received during the same year. The so-called ‘‘ Black Dolphin”’ or ‘‘ Collier”’ appears, however, to be only a casual visitor, and has never been reported as causing any material damage. The aptere can at once be told from the black Aphis (M.) nigra by being mealy, and from the dark mealy Aphis crategi by being globose and not flattened. *For other references vide my paper jn Journ. Bd. Agr». (England and Wales) 1912, pp. 467:476. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 235 Moreover, the two last never have white flecks upon them, so often noticed in Aphis rumicis, especially in the nymphe. In the alate female stage it can at once be told from Aphis crategi by the absence of the basal pale abdominal band and general absence of farinose matter. As I have not seen any alate of A. nigra, | cannot compare them, but the resemblance to rumicis is great. Siphocoryne avene, Fabricius. Aphis avene Fabricius. _ Aphis-avene-sative Schrank. ’ Aphis annue Oestlund. Aphis mali Fitch (non Fabricius). Aphis crategifolie Fitch. Aphis fitchiit Sanderson. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. IV, 214, 22, 1774; Syst. Rhyng, 297, 21, 1803. Schrank, Fr. Boica, II, p. 104, 1801. _Kaltenbach, Mono. Pflanz., p. 108, 1854. Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Sc. 2, V, p. 269, 1849. Fitch, lst Rept. Nox. & Ben. Ins., St. N. Y., pp. 49-60, 1856. Fitch, 4th Ann. Rept. Reg. Univ., N. Y., p. 65, 1851, and p. 66 (=cratzgi- folie) and Cat. Hom. N. Y., St. Cat., 1851. Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Homop., p. 986 (mali), 1852. Fitch, 6th Rept. Ins. N. Y., pp. 91-97, 1865. . Walsh, Phil. Ent. Soc., p. 301 (=mali), 1862. Walsh, Proc. Ent. II, p. 37 (=mali), 1867. Riley, Am. Ent. I, p. 99 (=mali), 1869; and II, p. 178 (=mali), 1870, Kaltenbach, Die Pflanz. a. d. Klasse, Ins., p. 216, No. 79, 1874. Saunders, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 344 (=mali), 1877. oan & Monell, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. V, 1, 25 (=crategifoliz), Thomas, 8th Report St. Ent. Ill., p. 83, 1879. Saunders, Canad. Ent. XV, pp. 96-97 (=mali), 1883. Osborn, Bull. Iowa Agri. Coll., 2, 91 (=mali), 1884. Saunders, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 23 (=mali), 1884. Fletcher, Rept. Canad. Cent. Exp. Farms, 22 (=mali), 1887. Forbes, Trans. Ill. St. Hort. Soc., p. 92, 1887. Lintner, Rept. Inj. Ins., N. Y., for 1886, p. 118, 1887. Oestlund, Aphid. Minn., p. 64 (=mali), p. 51 (=cratexgifoliw), 1887. Riley, Sec. Agri. Rept. U.S. Ent., 1889, p. 348, 351, 1890. Hillman, Bull. Il, Neb. Agri. Exp. Sta., 1890. Hieronymus & Pax., Herb. Cec. fasc. VI, No. 192, 1890. ED sabi & Sirrine, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. I, pt. III, p. 99 (=crategifoliz), Webster, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. III, p. 119 (=mali), 1893. Webster, Insect Life, VI, p. 152 (=mali), 1893. Weed, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc: XX, p. 299 (=mali.), 1893. Bruner, Rept. Nebr. Hort. Soc., p. 172 (=mali), 1894. 236° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ag Webster, Bull. 51, Ohio Agri. Exp. Sta., pp. 111-117 (=mali), 1894. Fletcher, Rept. Canad. Cent. Exp. Farms, p. 199, 1895, and p. 163, 1896 and p. 206, 1898. Alwood, Bull. 100, Vag. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 89, 1899. Harvey, Bull. 56, Me. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 129, 1899, and 15th Rept. Me. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 129, Johnson, Bull. 26, (n.s.) U. S. Dept. Agri. (D. E.), p. 80, 1900, Lugger, Bull. 69, "Minn. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 192, 1900. Sanderson: Bull. 26 (n. s.) U. S. Dept. Agri. (D. E.), p. 67, 1900. Sanderson, Trans. Penns. Hort. Soc., p. 45 (= mali), 1901. Hunter, Bull. 60, lowa Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 99 (=mali), 1901. Schonteden, Marcellia, Avellino, II, D. 95, 96, 1903. and Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 47, p. 178, 1903. Pergande, Bull. 44, U.S. Dep. Agri., Div. Ent., p. 7, 1904. Tavares, Broteria. TV, p. 103, 1905. Marchal, Autun. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. XVIII, p. 305, 1905. Sanderson, Bull. 74, Del. Coll. Agri. Exp. Sta., pp. 137-149 (=fitchii), 1906. oe Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool. 1905, pp. 30-32, figs. 10, 11, 14, 15 (==fitchii), 1906. Gillette, Journ. Eco. Ent. I, p. 308, 1908. Schonteden, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. XII, p. 217, 1906. Gillette & Taylor, Bull. 133, Colo. Agri. Exp. Sta., p . 30, 1908. Pes Theobald, Insect Pests of Fruit (=fitchii), p. 137, ion. 111- 114, 1908. Tullgren, "Upp. Prak, Ent. XXII, p.. 56, 1913. Patch, Bull. 233, Maine Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 266, 1914. Davis, Bull. 112, U.S. Dep. Agri., 1914 "(Oat Aphis). Aphis prunifolie Fitch is given by Schonteden as a synonym of this species. As far as I can see, Fitch’s species is only Aphis ‘prunt. Prunifolie is described by Fitch in his First and Second ~ Report on Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of New York, p. 122, 1856. DESCRIPTION: Alate viviparous female (spring migrant): Head, pronotum and thoracic lobes almost black to olive brown, the two last often very shiny; pronotum green in front and behind. Abdomen green, with black lateral spots, 3 to 4 large ones outside and 5 small ones mediad; a dark patch in many at base of the cornicles,* one on the inside and two dark bars’ caudad of the cornicles, the first broad, the second narrow. Anal plate black. - Cauda brown cr greenish brown in the middle, dark at the edges. The antenne are shorter than the body, black; the two basal segments nearly equal in length, the second barrel-— shaped and narrower than the first; 3rd nearly as long as the 6th, - *Sanderson describes his fitchit as having a_ yellow spot at the base of the cornicles. This I — never seen in any European specimen. z hy 2 a ————— oe see err : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 237 about twice as long as the 4th, with 17-20 sensoria over its whole length, but not so markedly tuberculate as in kochii and crategi, but with many more sensoria than in pfomi; 4th segment with 10-14 sensoria, the same length as the 5th; the 5th with 0-6 sensoria, including the usual sub-apical one; the 6th about as long as the 4th and 5th; the last three imbricated. Cornicles rather short, either brown or pale greenish brown, somewhat swollen in the_ middle or irregularly cylindrical constricted at the apex, which is - more or less flared and, to some extent, constricted at the base; in some specimens the cornicles are almost black. Legs’ dark, except base of femora and most of the tibia, which are pale greenish brown to pale green or yellowish. Base of wings green to yellow. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.; wing expanse 6 to 7 mm. Return alate migrant: ' Very similar to the former, but appears to be smaller in most cases, and the 5th antennal segment has seldom more than the usual sub-apical sensorium, but in an occasional specimen 1-2 extra ones may occur. The abdomen more variable, green, yel- lowish or pale brown. Variation in sensoria of alate female. The apple spring migrant may often have no sensoria on segment 5, except the usual sub-apical one, but now and then from 1-3 may occur. This also seems to be the case with ‘‘fitchii”’ in America. Those from oats and wheat, the return migrants to the _apple and pear, usually have none but the sub-apical one, but now and then 1-3 may also occur. In America it seems that this segment usually has a few sensoria. Pergande figures the second - generation—the migratory female—with sensoria on segment 5 and states that segment 3 is always strongly tuberculate, frequently also 4 and sometimes also more or less 5 (Bull. 44, D.E., U.S. Dept. Agri.). A pterous viviparous female: Green to. yellowish green with often more or less distinct mottled areas or dark green median and lateral lines; oval. Eyes black. Antennz green, dusky at the tips.. Cornicles greenish 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST brown to brown,* slightly swollen in the middle, flared at the tips, where they are slightly constricted, and also to some extent, constricted at the base. Legs pale green; tarsi dusky. Cauda small, pale brownish. Antenne vary from 5 to 6 segments; when of 5 segments, the third is as long as the fifth; 4th longer than the basal area of the 5th; basal area of latter about 14 the length of the flagellum; when of 6 segments, the 3rd is about as long as the 6th; 4th and 5th about equal in length; the apical segments, where they are darkened, are markedly imbricated. In some specimens there is a marked dorsal median deep green stripe, made up of various shaped patches on each segment, sometimes broadly elongated. A few patches of white powder between the dorsal and lateral darker green stripes on the anterior abdominal segments may occur. Length 2 mm. The l/arve are yellowish green, with two dark spots on the head; legs brownish to greenish white; cornicles deep brown or all green. Pupe light yellowish green. Oviparous female: Apterous. Somewhat oval. Yellowish green, yellow to almost green or dull green; head often slightly brownish; also the pro- notum, antenne and legs. Antenne short, of 5 segments, about or less than half the length of the body; Ist segment wider and longer than 2nd; 3rd not quite as long as 5th; paler at the base; 4th short, only a little longer than base of 5th, with a single marked sensorium; 5th with swollen basal area, about quarter length of flagellum.** Eyes dark, prominent. Proboscis reaches to base of second legs, acuminate, apical segment longer than the pen- ultimate. Hind tibie slightly broadened, with 29-32 sensoria, not quite reaching the apex. Cornicles short, brown to black, in some almost green, flared at the tip and constricted at base and apex; markedly imbricated. Cauda moderate, spinose, with three pairs of lateral hairs; blunt at apex and dusky to brown.{ Anal plate “Sanderson says that in America it has a “rusty yellow spot at the base of the cornicles."’ I have never seen this in European specimens. **Sanderson says “antenne with but 6 segments.” tSanderson mentions a dull reddish or orange spot at the base. This I have never seen. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : 239 dark, broadly expanded, spinose, with a few hairs. A small papilla between the cornicles and cauda. Hind tibia with rather long hairs. | Length .8 to 1 mm. Male.—Alate. Head and thorax black, shiny. Abdomen black and dull green,* and with dusky lateral spots; dark at the apex. Antennz black, variable in length, not quite as long, to a little longer than the body; Ist segment larger than 2nd; 3rd not quite as long as the 6th; base pale, with 17-20 sensoria over its whole length; 4th about as long as the 5th, thick, with 14-18 sensoria; 5th with 5-12 sensoria; basal area of 6th small. Proboscis dark, reaching the 2nd pair of legs, acuminate, apical segment longer than penultimate. Cornicles black, flared at apex, con- ° stricted at base and apex, imbricated. Legs with dark coxe; fore femora green, except at apex, mid and hind dark brown; tibie green, with dark apices; tarsi dark. Cauda black. Anal black; the cauda with two pairs of lateral hairs and spinose; penis yellow. Wings with brown veins and yellowish-green insertions. Length 1 to 1.5 mm. DISTRIBUTION: Europe generally; America; Africa? Foop PLANTs: Pyrus malus, Pyrus communis, Crategus sp., Avena sativa, Avena orientalis and Avena fatua; Hordeum hexastichon** and Hordeum distichon, Tritivum sativum and various Graminee spp.? Walker gives Cydonia vulgaris, Sorbus aucuparia, Mespilus ger- manicus and Crategus oxyacanthe. Odecestlund records it on Wild Crab Apple and Mountain Ash. Davis, in his recent paper (Bull. 122, U.S. Dept. Agri., 1914), gives the following food plants: Graminee—Wheat (Triticum vulgare and T. dicoccum+); Oat (Avena sativa), Wild Oat (A. fatua); *Sanderson says light yellowish brown. **The usual name for Barley is Hordeum vulgare, but the cultivated forms are grouped into three races: 6-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum hexastichon) ; 4-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum vulgare), and 2-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum distichon). Avena sativa is the Common Oat; Avena falua, the Wild Oat; Avena orientalis, the Tartarian Oat. +The latter is recorded by Mordwilk as hosts of Aphis padi, Kalt.—avene, Fabr. This is not the Aphis padi, Reaum. 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Tall Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum elatius); Barley (Hordeum vulgare); _ Two-rowed Barley (H. distichon); Wall Barley (Phleum pratense); Canada Blue Grass (Pou compressa); Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa pratensis); Annual Meadow Grass (Poa annua); Crab Grass (Syntherisma sanguinale); Upright Chess (Bromus racemosus); Rescue Grass (Bromus wunioloides); Cheat (Bromus secalinus); Hungarian Brome Grass (Bromus inermis); Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata); Italian Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorum); Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne); Red Top (Agrostis alba); Red Fescue (Festuca rubra); Sheep’s Fescue (F. ovina); Meadow Fescue (F. pratensis); Hard Fescue (F. ovina duriuscula); Reed | Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea); Melic Grass (Melica banhini and M.. penicillaris); Johnson Grass (Andropogon hale- pensis); Broom Corn (Andropogon sorghum, var.); Koeler’s Grass (Koeleria cristata); Wild Rye (Elymus geniculatus); Virginia Wild Rye (Elymus virginicus); Nodding Wild Rye (£. canadensis); Corn (Zea mays); Teosinte (Euchlena mexicana); Typhacee: Cat-tail (Typha latifolia); Ammiacez: Celery (A pium graveolens) ; Compo- sites: Tick Seed (Coreopsis sp.); Malaceze: Apple (Malus malus); Pear (Pyrus communis); Hawthorn (Crategus coccinea, etc.); American Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana); Quince (Cydonia vulgaris); Wild Crab Apple (Malus sp.); Resaceze: Ninebark (Opulaster opulifolius); Amygdalaceze: Plum (Prunus sp.); Choke Cherry (Padus virginiana) and Wild Black Cherry (Padus padus and P. serotina) ; Pergande also gives Cornus sp., Bursa bursa- pastoris, Arctium minus, all probably accidental hosts. | I have never found it on Padus, and it certainly is not the Aphis padi of Reaumur. LIFE-HISTORY: Fabricius originally described this species from specimens found on Oats (Avena sativa). Kaltenbach on Avena fatua and sativa and on Hordeum hexastichon and distichon. ‘Thomas (Third Rept., p. 53, 1879) refers to avene as appearing on the fall wheat and oats in America, working upon the leaves and stalks singly, and that when winter appears that they move down to the ground, some at least entering the soil, and feed upon the sap of the roots, and at the same time he found an alate individual on the blade. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 241 As far as I have observed, the winter is passed in Britain entirely in the egg stage on the apple and pear. The ova hatch in the beginning of April and by about the 20th of that month I have found numbers of apterous viviparous females on the apple leaves. These apterz continue to increase through May and towards the end of the month alate commence - to appear. The earliest date I have of winged females is the 21st, from Hailsham in Sussex. At Wye they have usually appeared about the 29th, but in 1914 many occurred as early as the 10th. These alate viviparous females migrate from the apple and pear until the middle of June, by which time all seem to have disappeared. Pergande and others traced this migration to corn and grasses in America—the so-called Aphis fitchit of Sanderson—on the apple, becoming the Aphis avene of Fabricius on corn. In Britain I have found the same. Apterz occur on oats, and more rarely barley, from late June onwards. In 19111 found many as late as September the 19th. By October 15th winged forms have been frequently noticed on self-sown and wild oats, and in most years by the 20th of that month all had flown from the corn back to the apple and pear. But this cannot be general, for the return migrants to the apple seem to appear gradually. Winged females have been for many years noticed to appear on the apples over a much greater length of time. It is possible that many come from wild grasses, although repeated search has failed to reveal them on any kind of grass in the south of England. The alate females on the apple produce living young and these become the apterous oviparous females and the alate males. These sexuales I have found in large - numbers year after year in.October, and many continue to oviposit late into November. The earliest oviparous females I have found were in October 4th in 1911; the latest on November 15th in 1915. Sanderson says that in America few eggs are laid before September Ast, but in these Islands I have never found any laid as early at ~ that. Miss Patch says “this species migrates from the apple and certain other members of the Rose family to the oat and other grasses for the summer.”’ She also records it on Crategus at Orono, Maine, U.S. A., in June, as alate and pupe, the latter were green with darker green longitudinal median and _ sub-lateral lines, 242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST between which ran a row of whitish spots and no rusty or orange-~ coloured markings near the cornicles. Davis in his recent paper (Bull. 112, U. S. Dept. Agri., 1914) ' points out that in America aven@ also passes the winter as viviparous females at the lower parts and roots of wheat and other grasses. In the latitude of La Fayette, Indiana, it winters either as viviparous females on grain and grasses or in the egg stage on apple and pear. Further north, he says, this species is probably unable to winter in any but the egg stage, whilst in the southern parts of the United States they may live over winter as viviparous females only, no egg stage appearing. He thus concludes that the apple is not a necessary alternate host. In a recent letter to me this authority thinks that my Siphocoryne splendens from Egypt* may be the same as avene@, but it differs markedly in structure, and I have never seen avene crimson and green in Britain, but Professor Davis says it may be so in America. DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME CHALCIDOID HYMENOPTERA. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. Eupelmus marylandicus, n. sp. Female—Length 1.95 mm., excluding the ovipositor valves, which are straight, compressed somewhat and extruded for a length equal to somewhat over half that of the abdomen. Slender, graceful. Allied to the Australian pachyscapha. Dark metallic purple, the tarsi except the last joint, tips of tibiz narrowly and the distal half (or a little more) of the middle tibia, white or nearly. Fore wings brown from the proximal end of the bend of the submarginal vein distad to apex, the infuscation broken by two distinct, straight, longitudinal, hyaline stripes, the cephalic and shorter from the base of the stigmal vein to apex and including the cephalic wing margin; the other much longer, extending from a point caudad of middle, nearly opposite the middle ~ ofthe marginal vein to the apex. Stigmal vein slender, nearly two-thirds the length of the postmarginal. Antenne inserted about *Bull. Ent. Res. July, 1916 aor yea, | Te Ee ans THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 243 in the middle of the face, but below the ventral ends of the eyes, the latter shorter than the cheeks. Scape greatly, rectangularly dilated (over twice longer than wide, excluding the bulla); pedicel ~ somewhat longer than wide at apex, subequal to funicle 5; funicle 1, or the ‘‘ring-joint,’’ a little wider than long; 2 over twice longer than wide, 3 and 4 subequal, longest, a little longer than 2; 8 a little longer than wide, subequal to club 1. Mandibles tridentate. Wings rather slender. Cephalic raised piece of scutum and the lateral ridge weak, yet distinct. Axille small, convex barely separated, or not at all; scutellum globular, convex. Pronotum quadrate. Abdomen a third longer than the thorax. Sculpture weak. Cephalic femur compressed. Middle tarsi with black teeth beneath. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, Chevy Chase Lake, Maryland, April 24, 1915. Type—Catalogue No. 20094, U.S. N. M., the above female on a tag, the head and a fore wing'on a slide. Eupelmus speciosus, n. sp. Female—Length 2.00 mm., the ovipositor valves shortly extruded. Light orange yellow, the wings hyaline or sometimes slightly infuscated under the marginal vein, the head dark metallic green (except the mouth) as is also the distal third of the scutellum; legs, ovipositor valves and scape pale yellow. Pedicel suffused with yellow; rest of antenna black. Scape a little compressed; pedicel twice longer than wide at apex, longer than any of the funicle joints, of which 4 is longest, nearly twice longer than wide; 1 wider than long, 2 a fourth longer than wide, 3 next longest, 8 somewhat wider than long. Postmarginal vein but very slightly longer than the stigmal. Head, axilla and scutellum densely scaly, rest of thorax delicately so. Lateral ridges of scutum joined across near caudal margin, the raised triangular piece reaching to about the middle. Ovipositor valves black at extreme base. Abdomen narrowing gradually to apex, as long as the rest of the body com- bined. Middle tarsi with black teeth beneath. Described from seven females in the collection of the U.S. National Museum, on tags bearing the following label: ‘'4841°, April 3, 1890.”’ Locality, Washington, D. C.? ae 244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Types—Catalogue No. 20091, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens, a pair of antennz on a slide. Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead utahensis, new variety. Female—Length 2.00 mm., excluding the ovipositor, which is two-thirds the length of the abdomen. _ Differs from the description of rose Ashmead in having the cephalic femur metallic. Differs from clert in having the post- marginal vein no longer than the stigmal and the ovipositor valves broadly dusky at tips; runs to cyaniceps Ashmead, but differs in being much less robust, in having the cephalic tibia nearly wholly metallic. Caudal legs metallic (except tarsi); middle tibie yellow, also the femur except proximad more or less. Funicle 1 much wider than long, 2 and 3 subequal, longest, each about twice longer than wide. Described from two females in the collection of the U.S. N. M., from American Fork, Utah, July. Types—Catalogue No. 20092, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens on tags, a head and fore wing on a slide. Compared with types of cleri and cyaniceps. Middle white portion of ovipositor much longer than the basal blue portion, — shorter than the distal dusky portion. Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead amicus, new variety. Female—Like the typical form, but the ovipositor valves more slender and the white middle portion sherter than either basal or distal portion (in the typical form the yellowish middle portion is longest.) Described from three pairs on tags in the U.S. N. M., labelled: “From Bruchus amicus Horn, Las Cruces, New Mexico.” Types—Catalogue No. 20093, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens (three tags). Eupelmus charitopoides, new species. Female—Length 1.85 mm., excluding the ovipositor, which is extruded for a length equal to that of the abdomen. Dark metallic green, the wings subhyaline; tarsi, knees, tips” of cephalic tibia, distal half of caudal tibiae and middle tibia except 8) ie eee act Pee “Fe ew THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 245 a cinctus just below the knee, reddish brown; teeth of middle tarsus ventrad white, dense, soft. Venation yellow. Postmarginal vein nearly twice the length of the stigmal ,which is moderately long. Head and thorax very delicately scaly. Axillee barely separ- ated inwardly. Lateral ridges of scutum distinct, the raised ce- phalic, mesal portion small. Antennz inserted below the middle of the face, slightly below the ventral ends of the eyes; scape distinctly much compressed; pedicel twice longer than wide at apex, subequal to funicle 5; funicle 1 slightly longer than wide, 2 and 4 longest, each about thrice longer than wide, 8 thickest, about a half longer than wide. Differs from Charitopus schwarzii Ashmead in being shorter, the stigmal vein is twice longer, the legs differently coloured and so on. Described from one female in the U. S. N. M. from Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia, May 19. ~ Type—Catalogue No. 20094, U.S. N. M., the above specimens on a tag, an antenna on a slide. Scutellista cyanea, Motschoulsky. Several pairs reared from Ceroplastes galeatus Newstead, Kampala, Uganda, Africa, September 6, 1915 (C. C. Gowdey). Eurytoma galeati, new species. _Female—Length 1.95 mm.. Abdomen as long as the rest of the body. - Agrees with the description of transvaalensis Cameron, except as follows: The scape is entirely reddish, the middle and caudal tibiae each bear a distinct, middle black cinctus; the marginal vein is distinctly somewhat longer than the postmarginal. On the de- pressed basin of the propodeum, which is reticulated, there is a nearly half complete median channel composed of two fovez end to end on each side of a very narrow median carina. Club 2-jointed; funicles 4 and 5 each somewhat longer than wide, longer than the pedicel. Abdominal petiole a little wider than long. _ Segment 5 of abdomen longest, equal to 3 and 4 united, abdomen dorsad glabrous, finely scaly distad of segment 5 and on the lateral aspect. Mesopleurum finely punctate, caudal half finely striate cepholo-caudad. Prepectus mostly glabrous. Punctures dense, 246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST distinct. Distal segment of abdomen long-pointed. Stigmal vein slightly shorter than the postmarginal. Funicle 1 somewhat over half the length of the body of the scape. — Described from two females reared from Cévbdesies galeatus Newstead, Kampala, Uganda, Africa (C. C. Gowdey), September, © 1915. Types—Catalogue No. 20095, U.S. N. M., the above speci- mens on tags, plus a slide bearing antenna, a fore wing, caudal legs, a fore leg and a middle tibia. Aphelinus automatus Girault. A female, Vienna, Virginia, from Aphis selarie (W. F. Turner). Coelopisthia confusa, new species. Female—The same in stature, and so forth, as fuwmosipennis Gahan, but differing as follows: The legs (excluding the concolorous coxe) are darker, being reddish; the antennz are inserted a little higher up on the face and differ notably in that the ring-joints are normal (that is not large, the second not subquadrate), the scape is red, the pedicel nearly all dusky black, funicle 1 a little wider than long, 4-6 subequal, much wider than long; the infuscation of the fore wing is fainter and more diffused, vet distinct. At least one mandible 4-dentate (other not seen). Flagellum black. Described from one female in the coljections of the U.S.N.M., labelled ‘‘.Semiotellus chalcidiphagus Walsh., Washington, D. C.” fe: This species, superficially, is very similar to Homoporus crassinervis Thomson. Tybe—Catalogue No. 20096, U.S. N. M., the above female on a tag, a pair of wings, a caudal tibia and the antenne on a slide. A NEW GENUS OF PTEROMALID CHALCIDOID : HYMENOPTERA FROM NORTH AMERICA. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. / Tomocerodes, new genus. Female.—Belongs to the Eunotine. Like Zomocera Howard, except that the caudal tibia is armed with a very long, stout spur, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 247 as in Ophelosia. Antenne 8-jointed (excluding a very minute ring-joint). Segment 2 of the abdomen occupying the entire sur- face. Scutellum without a delicate cross-suture near apex. Male antenne 7-jointed, the funicle joints as in male Eurytoma, the club as long as the scape and solid; a very minute ring-joint, but not counted. Abdomen with a scanty tuft of hairs at base on each side. A short postmarginal vein, as in Tomocera. Mandibles tridentate, not especially large. Tomocerodes americana, new species. _ Female.—Of the habitus and stature of Tomocera genotype. Dark reddish brown, the fore wing infuscated as in the named species, except that the infuscation is rectangular rather than ovate, its ends subtruncate, its proximal end not past the base of the marginal vein (but conical at caudal wing margin and somewhat proximad of the marginal vein) and distad it extends somewhat closer to the apex. Dorsal abdomen (except the sides at base), propodeum (except laterad of the lateral carina except at caudal margin) and all the dorsal thorax laterad of the axilla and scutel- lum, metallic purplish; also venter of abdomen more or less (especially distad). Club black, the funicle and _ tibiz . washed distinctly with purple. Stigmal veim longer than the shortened marginal. Marginal fringe of fore wing somewhat longer than usual (that is, not extremely short). Pedicel much longer than any of the funicle joints, the latter moniliform, 1-2 subequal, smallest, 5 largest, over twice the size of 1. Club not quite as long as the funicle. Abdomen glabrous. Head and thorax very delicately scaly. Propodeum a little longer at the meson, with median and lateral carine, the latter closer to the meson than to the minute spiracle; between these carine, a cross-carina near the cephalic margin (longer) and one near apex, both curved a little; also a looped carina from base of the lateral carina over to near the spiracle. Dorsal thorax with isolated black bristles. Axille not advanced. Scutum nearly as long as the scutellum. Male.—A third smaller and entirely metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the tarsi brown. The scape is still long, but much shorter than in the female, the pedicel globular; funicles 1 and 2 close 248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST together, 1 ovate (the axis oblique), the others triangular, the base of each triangle about half the length of the club; each funicle joint with a tuft of long:silky hair from the apex of their lateral prolongation. Mandibles tridentate. Described from one pair in the U.S. N. M., labelled ‘‘‘Oaxaca, Mexico, Koebele.” Types.—Catalogue No. 20192, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens plus a slide bearing the heads and caudal tibie and a female fore wing. JOHN BICKERTON WILLIAMS, F. Z.S. We regret to record the death, on Sunday, May 28, 1916, of Mr. John Bickerton Williams, one of the oldest members of our Society. Mr. Williams had been in Toronto only about three weeks since his return from Bermuda, where he had spent the winter and where his health, which had been failing for the past few years, had apparently much improved. Mr. Williams was born in Liverpool, England, in 1848, and was educated as an architect, practising a few years in Birmingham before coming out to Canada in 1881. Since then he resided chiefly in Toronto, though he spent a few years in Montreal in the early nineties. He was a Fellow of the Zoological Society and was in- terested in various branches of zoology, but more especially in ornithology, of which he had a wide and accurate knowledge. - Since 1906, when he was appointed Cataloguer of the Biological Museum of the University of Toronto, he did a great deal of useful work in identifying, arranging and labeling the museum specimens, particularly the birds. In entomology he also accomplished + uch useful work fo1 the museum, his interest centering in the butterflies; and he contributed several articles to the Canadian Entomologist and the Annual Reports of our Society. He was for many years a most valued member of the Toronto Branch of the Society, acting for long periods as Secretary-Treasurer and as Librarian-Curator. He was also Honorary Curator of the Royal Canadian Institute. Mr. Williams was unmarried, his only -relative in Canada being a brother, Mr. A. R. Williams, of Toronto. The Ganadiay Entomologist, ~ Vor. XLVIII. LONDON, AUGUST, 1916 No. 8 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. R A Few Days tN-NEWFOUNDLAND. BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. (Continued from page 221.) On my fourth day at Spruce Brook I crossed the lake in a skiff, and, following the directions of Mr. Whittington, started on the trail to Beaver Pond, a small lake surrounded by dense woods, which I reached after a few minutes’ walk. Here I was equipped with a canoe, kept by the proprietors of the Log Cabin Hotel for the use of fishing parties, and I was thus able to explore all parts of the lake with ease. I found but one marshy spot of any con- - siderable size, at the head of the lake, where it was fed by a cold trout stream. At this spot there were a few damsel-flies and two or three _ Leucorrhinias flitting over the lily-pads and pond-weeds, but no _ species was present in even moderately large numbers. Five kinds _ of damsel-flies were taken here, viz., Enallagma calverti, E. ebrium, Cenagrion resolutum, C. interrogatum and Isdinura verticalis Say, the last named species being new to Newfoundland, though a very common insect in Eastern Canada and the United States. Of C. interrogaium | took but one more specimen. The others were not uncommon. Of larger forms our familiar Libellula quadrimaculata L., found almost everywhere in Canada, as well as in the Old World, was the only species taken at this spot, the Leucorrhinias having been frightened away, but a pair of exuvie of shna canadensis, _ E. Walk., found upon a tangle of alge, furnished another record for Newfoundland, although the only adult Aéshnas I saw at the Take were two or three large blue forms, which I feel sure were A. eremita Scudd. _ Just after leaving the marsh, I was attracted by a clear-winged dragonfly, evidently a Corduliine, speeding along a few feet above the water and closely following the shore-line. - | took up a pesition 258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST in the shelter of a bush and waited for a chance to strike with the net from behind. In a few minutes I had netted a male of Cordulia shurtleffi Scudd, and soon afterwards I had several more. This is a beautiful insect with a bronze-green body and brilliant green eyes. It is a very characteristic northern species, common across Canada to Vancouver Island. I also took here a fine male of Somatochlora cingulata Selys, the first I had ever seen. With its dark bronze body, with white transverse abdominal lines and bright green eyes, it looks very like a large form of S. albicincta, but it is much less common. It was the last dragonfly I captured + in Newfoundland, as I was now obliged to return to the hotel, and, on the same day, to start on my homeward journey. I have made several allusions to the scarcity of dragonflies in the vicinity of Spruce Brook. How are we to account for such a scarcity under apparently favourable conditions? Of course, there are good and bad years for dragonflies, as for everything else, but | am inclined to believe that some other cause than the usual seasonal ones was operating here. It is worthy of note that all the lakes and ponds where I collected were connected with trout streams, and it is well known that brook trout feed upon dragon-fly larve. Beaver Pond, particularly, teems with trout, and is a favourite place for trout-fishing. I saw numbers of finger- lings at the spot when I collected most of my dragonflies. It is therefore a possibility that the scarcity of dargonflies in this locality was due, in part at least, to the abundance of brook trout. There appeared to be a similar scarcity of other aquatic insects, very few caddis-flies, e.g., having been observed. The little dark Mystacides sepulchralis was rather common about Beaver Pond, but the only other species noted were a few speci- mens of a Limnephilid, not yet determined, and a single example of the large Glyphotelius hostilis, found in a spider’s web. Like most of the dragonflies noted, this species ranges widely across the continent in the north. Diptera and Hymenoptera seemed to be fairly plentiful at Spruce Brook, in individuals if not in species, though little effort was made to collect them. One,of the best places to obtain them was a glass-covered passage connecting two parts of the Log nA : a oe xs, i “ae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 259 Cabin Hotel. As the doors were kept open, these insects entered in large numbers and collected on the window-panes. The most numerous were the flies, though a large proportion of these were ordinary blue-bottles (Calliphora erythrocephala) and allied forms, such as Lucilia cesar and Cynomyopsis cadaverina.!. An undeter- mined Anthomyid was very common, but no house-flies were — seen. Syrphidide were numerous, the following species having been taken here and elsewhere in the vicinity: Sericomyia chalcopyga Lw., Syrphus ribesi L., S. torvus O. S., S. geniculatus Macq., S. umbellatarum Sch., Spherophoria cylindrica Say., Xylota vecors O. S., Temnostoma equale Lw., T. alternans and Eristalis meigenit Wied.? Of Hymenoptera wasps were plentiful and included at least three species of Vespa, viz., V. consobrina, borealis and diabolica. Bumblebees were abundant in the bushy clearings and roadways, © but nearly all belonged to the characteristic Newfoundland species, Bombus bolsteri Franklin, though I took also B. borealis. The large leaf-cutter bee, Megachile vidua was also occasionally seen, but no attempt was made to collect the smaller bees, nor, in fact, any of the Hymenoptera, the few captures made being quite incidental. These few included two saw-flies, Macrophya trisyllaba and Trichiosoma lanuginosum, a large Cimbicid, which I have taken as far west as Banff, Alta.; a horntail, Urecerus flavicornis; a long- tailed ichneumon-fly,. Rhyssa albomaculata, both of similar wide distribution, and a smaller member of the same family, Ichnewmon feralis. The other orders of insects were also of necessity left un- - molested. They seemed to be equally poorly represented, the scarcity of butterflies being particularly noticeable. I had ex- pected to pick up a few interesting northern forms, of such genera as Oeneis, Brenthis and Eurymus, but saw only a few of our com- monest Canadian species, such as Brenthis myrina and Euvanessa -antiopa. Of course, no conclusions can be drawn from such fragmentary observations as these, as to the extent of the insect fauna of Spruce 1. Determinations by C. H. T. Townsend. 2. Determinations by M. C. Van Duzee (except 7. aliernans), _ 260 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Brook, much less that of Newfoundland, but my general impres- sion was that of a fauna poor in species, not only of insects, but of other animal groups. The evidence for this seemed to be fairly definite as regards the Orthoptera, and it is well-known to be true of some of the vertebrate groups. There are no native reptiles nor Amphibia in Newfoundland, and many of the characteristic Canadian mammals are absent, e.g., the Moose, Wapiti, Brown Bear (Ursus richardsoni), the Sciuride, or squirrel family. ete. Inthe small streams I saw only trout and stickleback; no minnows, nor other Cyprinoids, and no crayfish. The absence of these animals, or some of them, has been ex- plained as a result of the Glacial Period, during which Newfound- land, already separate from the continent of North America, was independently glaciated. or partially covered by an ice-sheet of its own. Asa result, its fauna has been in large measure extermin- _ ated, instead of being pushed farther south, as on the mainland, and the re-establishment of such exterminated species on the return of favourable conditions has been in many cases impossible. A faunistic study of Newfoundland is a great desideratum, especially of those groups of animals to whose natural means of distribution a short distance over sea acts as a barrier. Such, for example, are flightless insects, or those incapable of sustained flight, e.g., many Orthoptera, most vertebrates except birds, exclusively fresh-water fishes, the larger Crustacea, land and fresh-water Mollusca, etc. It is among these same groups, except the Mollusca, that we have already noted evidence of a paucity of species. As regards the Mollusca, I have practically no data at hand. I found a few land and fresh-water forms, including a single Mussel (Anodonia sp.), which was common in Beaver Pond, a few fresh-water snails, such as the common Planorbis campan- ulatus, and a few land forms, of which the large Succinea ovalis was very plentiful. I also picked up Pyramidula cronkhitei anthonyi, a little striated form common almost everywhere in Canada, Agriolimax agrestis, a common garden slug, introduced from Europe, and Helix hortensis. This last form, already recorded from Newfoundland by Prof. Cockerell, is a species of very inter- esting distribution, occuring on the eastern coast of North America | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 261 ~ adjacent islands, from New England to Labrador, in and, Iceland and Western Europe. It is one of the forms EF aisedbnationr: supports the theory of former connections n these land-masses. ° E trip to Newfoundland, from the dragonfly steoasean tainly not a success, yet I left the island very reluctantly, ing more keenly than ever before, that on a long trip to a locality one must be prepared to remain there long enough a _ the conditions of Serine most favourable to the BY F. V. THEOBALD, M.A. (Continued from page 242.) Phorodon humuli Schrank. ‘ank, Fn. Boica, II, 110n, 1199, 1801. cata Mono. Pflanz., p. 36, eg Ke , Ann, Nat. Hist., Se. 2, VI, 120, 98, 1850. i: Die Pflanz., p. 113, 47, figs. "150- 151, pl. XXI, 1857, colombe, Ann. Soc. Ent: Fr., X,>175, 15, 187? rot, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 2 Se., V, p. 477, 1872. cton, Mono. Brit. Aph., L, p. 166, pls. XXX and XXXII, figs. bes 1887. Id, Insect and Allied Pests Fruit, pp. 247-252, figs. 181- 183, 1908, TI obald, Rept Eco. Zool. year 1911, pp. 33-34, 1912. scopoli, Ent, "Carn, 138, 406, 1763? 262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST was reproducing and developed large colonies at Wye in August and September 1911, which gave rise to an alate brood which migrated during the latter month. It is possible that Scopoli’s - Aphis prunz is this insect. Aphis pomonella nov. sp. Alate viviparous female: Antenne shorter than body; first segment larger than the second; third a little longer than the fourth, shorter than the sixth, with 5 to 6 round sensoria along its whole length; fourth about the same length as the fifth, the latter with normal sub-apical sensorium; sixth about as long as fourth and fifth, its basal area half as long as the flagellum. All the segments imbricated, the two basal ones dark; base of third and basal half of fourth paler. Head with slight lateral tubercles and slightly raised in the middle. Proboscis reaching to the third cox, acuminate. Pronotum with | lateral papillae. Head apparently brownish and green. Eyes A. ay, ¢ Fig. 9.—A phis pomonelia nov. sp. A, Head and_ antenna of alate viviparous female; a, head of another specimen. B, A. kochii; b, hind tibia. C, Siphocoryne avenae; c, hind tibia. dark. Thoracic lobesdark. Abdomen apparently greenish with three large, dark lateral spots before the cornicles. Cornicles moderately long, black, slightly swelling towards the base, markedly imbricated and serrated laterally. Cauda blackish, about half the length of the cornicles, spinose with three pairs of lateral hairs. . Anal plate dark,-spinose, with two long, apical hairs on each side. A large papilla on each side between the cornicles and cauda, and traces of 3 lateral abdominal ones between the cornicles and thorax. Front legs green with black apices to the tibize and black tarsi; hind legs with dark femora, except at the base; coxee black. Wings normal, veins and stigma yellowish brown to yellowish green. i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST _ 263 Length 1.2 to 1.6 mm. Loca.ity: Nairobi, British East Africa (T. J]. Anderson). Foop PLanr: The apple. Described from a number of alate females preserved in spirit. The colour appears greenish. It somewhat resembles De Geer’s - ‘Aphis pom, but can at once be separated by (1) the different antenne and (2) by theshorter cornicles. Aphis pomi has a greater number of sensoria on segment 3 of the antennae, and more irregu- larly disposed, and also some on segment 4. There were also some nymphe in which the cornicles are shorter and thicker. OTHER SPECIES ON APPLE IN AMERICA. Four other species are recorded on the apple in America, namely :— ‘1. Myzsus persice Sulzer (Patch, Bull. 233, Maine Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 267, 1914). 2. Aphis brevis Sanderson (Bull. 74, Del. Coll. Agri. Exp. Sta, p. 157, 1906). This has not so far been found in Europe. It also feeds on quince, and Patch (p. 257) records it on Crategus. It migrates in summer to clover, sweet peas, etc. On hawthorn it causes the leaves to become distorted into dark purple curls. 3. Aphis bakeri Cowen (Bull. 31, Tech. Se. Colo. Exp. Sta., p. 118, 1895) is also an apple pest in America and migrates to clover (Gillette and Taylor, Bull. 133 Agri. Exp. Sta., Col. Agri. Col., 1908). 4. Aphis medicaginis Koch, is recorded by Gillette (Journ. Eco. Ent., I, p. 308, 1908, and Bull. 133 Colo. Agri. Coil. Exp. Sta., p. 32, 1908) on tender, new apple shoots. A NEW GENUS OF LELAPINE CHALCID FLIES FROM THE UNITED STATES. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. The following genus is similar to-the Australian Uriolelaps Girault, but there are no perfect wings, and only one ring-joint (though apparently two by transverse central division of the one), the antenne 12-jointed, the club 2-jointed. August, 1916 264 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ‘ K Apterolzlaps, new genus. FEMALE—Name proposed by Ashmead, but never made valid by description of a genotype. Apterolzlaps nigriscutum, new species. Genotype. FremaLE—Length 3.00 mm. _ Reddish yellow, the following parts black: Upper third of occiput except dorsad centrally, vertex, upper half of face (mostly mesad), antenna (except scape, pedicel, ring-joint, funicle 1 and narrowly, extreme apex of club); scutum (except cephalic third), the parapsides and the abdomen except its petiole, dorsolaterad at proximal half of segment 2, segments 3-5 (all short) and the meson of venter narrowly. Head and thorax densely scaly-reticulate, the scutellum long-striate distad of the cross-suture, the propodeum with a median ruga and irregular longitudinal rug, the neck distinct. Vertex with about a half-dozen long, black sete; the scutellum with a similar seta laterad at the cross-suture, the cephalic scutum hairy. Caudal margin of scutum broadly arcuate at the meson. Segment 2 of abdomen glabrous, the rest of the abdomen with short, sparse pubescence. Petiole rugulose. Head wider than the thorax, the antenne inserted on a level with the ventral ends of the eyes, their scrobes long-triangular, reaching nearly to the cephalic ocellus, cross-striate, divided by a thin carina; an arcuate cross-carina just ventrad of the antenne. Club 2 a little longest of the flagellum; pedicel a little longer than funicle 1, the latter twice longer than wide, 4 quadrate, 7 somewhat wider than long. Mandibles tridentate. From one female in the U. S. National Museum, Fort Pendle- ton, West Virginia, ‘‘ 10.7.” Type 1—Catalogue No. 20306, U.S. N. M., the female on a tag, the head, pair of wings and caudal tibiz on a slide. Fore wings minute, linear, subhyaline, four times longer than wide, the marginal vein with long bristles, half the length of the submarginal and terminating at wing apex; the caudal wings are only somewhat longer than wide. 3 Wea 2 ?.< 7 v 7 — my see, eS, ae < A el 5S Ng Eas ae mts i 14 oe ye i * i a gu Lhe 4 pag Mls if Yoo os x THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 265 DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME CHALCIDOID HYMENOPTERA—II. BY A. A. G{RAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. (Continued from page 246.) The following is a table to the North American Species of Euplectrus Westwood, based on a study of the types, except in the ease of Provancher’s species. The latter are genuine species of _the genus (perhaps excepting mellipes). Females.—Legs all yellow. Propodeum with a median carina. The species do not differ much in -sculpture. Abdomen yellow. Abdomen black- above at distal third and along the margins. ’ Scutum with a more or less distinct median og A IONE S I Mars ie gig a A eae get Ge eR catocale Howard. Abdomen entirely yellow except the lateral and proximal margins. Scutum with a median carina. Propodeum glabrous. Male mouth broadly white...................... comstockii Howard. Male face entirely black..)....................... platypene Howard. The same but the abdomen with a black area at meson at base of distal third. Mouth in both sexes white. Propo- deum glabrous. Median carina on scutum more or less ET SEEN ae Ven OAS Ae 1A oy 2 leucotrophis Howard. ( =frontalis Howard). The same but mouth black; propodeum coarsely (aR ies ah peas AEE SA inal cc So Sra aetna marginatus Ashmead. Abdomen black. Pronotum not rugose. ag NES et CE ee Se al mellipes Provancher. Metallic.......:.... icone kage Tat nes) hile Tey lucens Provancher. Abdomen black with a large basal area above. RGR i apo ns aS bea virideneus Provancher. Euplectrus insuetus Gahan (types examined) is not an euplectrine. The caudal tibial spurs are not. very large; the scutellum bears a true lateral groove (mesad of the bristles). Diaulinus intermedius new species. Female.—Like begini Crawford but the annulus on the caudal tibie is distinctly broader than the yellow proximad of it (over August, 1916 266 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST twice broader), the postmarginal vein is subequal to the stigmal (distinctly longer in beginz) and the funicle joints are not subequal. The mandibles are 4- and 5-dentate in both species, and in both the caudal tibial spurs are single. Differs from pulchripes in that the said annulus is narrower, not extending to the middle (distad of it in pulchripes); also the scape is wholly black (white at basal third in the other species). In pulchripes, both mandibles are 5-denate and the caudal tibial spurs single. From webstert in the colour of the legs; the median carina of the propodeum is distinct, not as in pulchripes but very delicate as in websteri and begini; and in websteri the postmarginal vein is longer than the stigmal. In websteri the mandibles and scape are as in pulchripes, also the caudal tibial spur. . Propodeal spiracles minute and round, the lateral carinze absent. Funicle 1 longer than wide, 2 subquadrate. Club with a distinct terminal nipple in all four species and this terminates — a small conical joint, so that the club is 4-jointed. : Described from one female reared at Kingston, Rhode Island, January 6, 1916, from Phytomyza chrysanthemi (A. E. Stone). Type.—Catalogue No. 20193, U. S. N. M., the specimen in fragments on a slide. Pseudiglyphomyia coptodiscz new species. Female.—Length, 1.60 mm: Characterized by bearing on the fore wing an obcuneate brown stain from the stigmal vein and of moderate size (extending nearly across the blade). Lemon yellow, the following parts dark metallic green; Occiput at upper half, ocellar area, proximal half of pedicel, scape except at extreme base, apex of the neck of prothorax, somewhat over the cephalic third of the scutum (except at lateral margin), the green area with a scalloped caudal margin, the scutellum except lateral margins except at base and the cephalic and caudal margins be- tween the grooves (the cephalic more broadly yellow and irregular), postscutellum except lateral and apical margins, propodeum except laterad of the spiracle, dorsal thorax laterad of the postscutellum and apical scutellum except at lateral margin, base of abdomen narrowly (except at meson more or less), caudal coxa dorso- proximad broadly, a rather broad stripe around abdomen just as THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 267 are . t Geyer eee ee Lael distad of the middle, then a very narrow one (dorsad) and then a slightly broader one near apex, the three more or less fused along the meson, the apical one not as broad as the first one at middle. Middle tibia with a central submetallic cinctus. Propodeum with a median carina only. Thorax scaly. Postmarginal vein not quite so long as the stigmal. Funicle 1 a half longer than wide, 2 somewhat shorter; club terminating in a long conical spine. Pedical as long as funicle lor a little longer., Mandibles 5-dentate. Antennz. brownish. The male is similar but the antenne are all light yellow (except pedicel and apex of scape broadly, which are darker), the occiput has only a minute dark spot on each side, upper half, the pronotum has a narrow median line at cephalic half from the metallic apex of neck, the scutellum is green between the grooves except very narrowly at apex, the line at base of abdomen is triangular, large, extending nearly to lateral margins while the narrow distal two stripes of the abdomen are absent, the middle stripe with a large rectangular area against it caudad at meson. Also, the terminal spine of the club is small. __ Fromone pair reared from Coptodisca splendoriferella, Madison- ville, Kentucky, October 16, 1899. _ Types.—Catalogue. No. 20194, U.S. N. M., the pair on tags, the heads and a male fore wing on a slide. Asaphes americana Girault. One pair reared from the clover aphis, Lexington, Kentucky, _ May 28, 1890 (H. Garman). Compared with types. The marginal vein is somewhat dilated distad. Petiole of abdomen somewhat longer than wide, longitudinally striate. Abdomen glabrous, segment 2 longest, occupying nearly a third of the surface, 3 large yet somewhat shorter than 2, extending to beyond the middle; 4 half the length of 3, with four cross-rows of minute reddish sete (except along the median line). Propodeum _ rugoso-punctate and with a short neck; scutellum with a distinct punctate cross-suture a little before apex, glabrous distad of it. Parapsidal furrows complete. Arxilla and caudal margin of ‘parapside, glabrous. Pronotum transverse-quadrate, shorter than the scutum. 268 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Trichogrammatomyia new genus. Female.—In my table to the Chaetostrichini runs to Brachy- gramma Girault (there is a ring-joint, the antenne 7-jointed); but the following differences: The marginal vein is not stout yet not long (about six times longer than wide, nearly twice the length of the well-developed stigmal); the ovipositor is inserted proximad of the middle of the venter by a little; the marginal fringes of the not broad fore wings are long (more or less a third the greatest wing-width), the club is not much wider than the funicle; the discal ciliaticn cf the fore wing is moderate and bears regular lines cephalad and caudad only. Caudal wings narrow, not long, with two lines of discal cilia, the caudal marginal cilia as long as the marginal cilia of the fore wing. Habitus of 7Tvicho- gramma. No oblique line of setae from the stigmal vein. Caudal femur stouter, the tarsal joints more or less equal, longer than wide. Mandibles with two acute teeth and an inner oblique truncation. The male antenna has the flagellum filiform, only one funicle joint which is nearly twice longer than wide and the club is divided near the middle, the two joints about as long as the funicle or the pedicel; funicle and club with long, stiff hairs. Trichcgrammatomyia tortricis new species. Genotype. Female.—Length 0.50 mm. Black, the fore wings dusky from base to end of the stigmal vein, the venaticn dusky. Face, vertex, lateral margins and median line of scutum and distal third of scutum (more at the meson), orange yellow. Club twice longer than its greatest width (at middle), a little longer than the scape, 1 hemispherical, 2 ccnical, not spined at apex, over twice the length of 1. Funicle joints subequal, each over twice wider than long; pedicel twice or more the length of the funicle. Fore wings with about twelve lines cf discal cilia where widest, the ciliation extending back to the base of the marginal vein (centrally). Tarsi pale. Described from one male, and seven females frcm the eggs of .Toririx cerasivorana, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, (C. J.S. Bethune). Types.—Catalogue No. 20195, U. S. N. M., the specimens on two slides. Sha Sikes. Jocks 6 a oe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 269 BEES OF CANADA.—FAMILY MEGACHILIDE. BY F. W. L. SLADEN. OTTAWA. Principal Characters of Family.—Long-tongued bees, wings with only two submarginal cells, female with pollen brush on underside of abdomen, or, in parasitic genera, absent. The two basal joints of labial palpi very elongate, following joints minute, labrum not exposed. TABLE OF GENERA. (Where the genus contains only one species this is included. Sub- genera are not included, as a rule. Whether Chlorosmia, Alcidanea, A utochelestoma, Andronicus, and possibly Monumetha should be entitled to generic rank, or be regarded merely as sub- genera, is a matter of opinion. The super-generic name for this group should be Chelestoma Lat.). 1. Skin of abdomen with pale bands or spots, or second recurrent -nervure received by submarginal nervure beyond apex of second submarginal cell, Subfamily A nthidiine..............0......... 2. No pale bands or spots on abdomen, second recurrent nervure _ always received by second submarginal cell.........0.00..000000.000000.. 3. 2. Margin of 7th dorsal segment in male toothed, female with pees. OF US 5s he Beriikabatas Anthidium Fab.2a. Margin of 7th dorsal segment in o simple, female without SORIRONE AGI gi i OT et inte a nevens Stelis Pz. 2a. No pulvillus between claws, makes cottony nest, ORAS: oa Se eRe EEE ES ee RE eS hae Anthidium Ckll. Pulvillus between claws, makes resin nest (Cockerell), (ESS CEES: SENT BEG aed RAPES S EO ant Pgh Bp Dianthidium Cklil. 3. A pulvillus between claws, abdomen strongly convex, Subfamily Osmiine........... EET St ieee seit 8 fone pon 4. No pulvillus between claws, abdomen more or less flattened. Subfamily Megachiline............. ete Fae STOLE iG A Wee snore 17 4. Base of abdomen bordered with a strong transverse ridge, in- sect coarsely punctured, o with only two ventral segments TES SE ais ts | Mio aOR EEE Heriades, Spin. Base of abdomen not bordered with strong ridge. August 1916 270 ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 5. 10. 11. 12. Base of abdomen strongly concave, the definite basin thus formed impunctate ©.......5...0..00occeaeeeeeees Ashmeadiella, Ckll. No definite basin on base of abdomen. ............0.5.....0.ccccceeeeeeceeees 6. Not very elongate, cubital nervute between first transverse cubital nervure and first recurrent nervure usually as long as, never less than one-half as long as, first transverse cubital NEPVUTE och ails Skok eg SS to. ‘se Very elongate, cubital nervure between first transverse cubital nervure and first recurrent nervure half or less than half as long as first transverse cubital nervure, co with small lateral spine-Jike tooth on segment 6.......0.0...0..5.0ccccececeeeeecteeecteeeteeets 8. . Head with two large teeth beneath, nearly the whole of clypeus impunctate, two small tubercles on margin of clypeus near centre, mandibles very long E USAR oe dearly epee Cephalosmia n.g., 1027, armaticeps, Cr. Invermere, B. C., Okanagan Landing, B. C—IV, V, VI. Cheeks not armed, clypeus punctured...................... Osmia, Spin. Males: 2 iic55. 5 hice Rion Now Sek dis phe as ie ee 9. Feémiales, 5.2.32. 5535) diiwids fea hu wedhace eR 13 . Brilliant metallic green, ventral segments 1 and 2 with small median tooth.............0c00000. Chlorosmia n.g., 2050, fulgida, Cr. British Columbia. Black 20.5. G icc chs a Ban hig enh a 10 Terminal antennal joint much narrowed and modified into a curved spine, flagellum widely and shallowly channelled be- hind, scape dilated: 24:5..i.c'v ist es Alcidamea Cr. Terminal antennal joint not much narrowed, not modified into a epine:..0 2.0.5 iis a Ga Ce 11. Ventral segment 2 with a large tooth, segment 1 with median impressed line at base, segment 7 pointed, compressed, exca- MOE: iay ssh ccees Autochelostoma, n.g., 2059, canadensis, n.sp. eeliph 231 Raaaan at Megs PRR EIR SSE Ottawa (?), 14, VIII. One specimen, Br. Germain, 1914. ; Ventral segment 2 without large tooth. ....0..0.0000.00000ccceeeee 12. Antenne distorted, joints 4 to 7 wider than long and bearing bristles, joints 10 to 13 longer than wide, ventral segment 1 bluntly pointed.............. Andronicus Cr., 2053, cylindricus, Cr. , ‘i a a oa a: THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 271 Toronto, Ottawa, 6, VI. = _ Antenne simple, ventral segments 1 and 2 with median apical ees spine, coat somewhat long. E Monumetha Cr., 2047, argentifrons Cr. (—albifrons Kirby). ’ Ontario to British Columbia, Ottawa, 6, VI. ¥ NTN PAU ETSEL- EU Me Ferlss ack c boon des sn daca va lecoscseed hes vtgcedesscesegshssdlies 14. : NIN RN CMANN NUNN og Tell 62g 5 55 1 ibd e255 0k 0s Shack +s cade caaencgetse 15. 14. Brilliant metallic green................... Chlorosmia, 2056, fulgida Cr. British Columbia. Skin entirely black, abdomen black-haired, with lateral apical hair patch on segment 1, narrowing on the following segments OE Se Monumetha, 2048, argentifrons Cr. ( =borealis Cr.). Ontario to British Columbia, Ottawa, VI. 15. Mandibles very large, head wider than thorax, upper part of clypeus with longitudinal median impression, lower part with large upstanding tooth, a low longitudinal carina be- tween antennz, first recurrent and first transverse cubital nervures interstitial, labrum long and sheathlike, much longer than wide, maxillary palpi three-jointed, labial palpi four- _ jointed, the 3rd and 4th joints not divergent, 4th as w: le as long, wider than 3rd, 3rd joint pale, 4th dark; insect scantily clothed with whitish hair, which forms narrow apical fringes ~ on segments 2 to 4, and on sides of segment 1, length 8 to 9 GR ae TN se Formicapis n.g., 2055, clypeaia n.sp. f - Aweme, Man., 6, VII.—One specimen, N. Criddle, 1915. Waterhole, Alta., 18, VIII.—One specimen, E..H. Strickland, : 1915. - Head no wider than thorax, clypeus normal.................0.....00.. 16. 16. Larger, length 10 to 12 mm., clypeus not more coarsely punc- tured than vertex, length of cubital nervure between first transverse cubital and first discoidal much longer than half that of the first transverse cubital nervure, pollen brush yellowish, mandibles 4-dentate. Salt sucseenestatsestenssenvsetsteesisnesessd MEronicus, 2054, cylindricus Cr. Nova Scotia to Manitoba, VI, VII. Smaller, length 7 to 8 mm., clypeus more coarsely punctured than vertex, cubital nervure between first transverse cubital i Ve ee ea merry. ty 4% Pe 5 a lie ‘ eR : ; ¢ ; 272 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and first discoidal about half the length of first transverse cubital nervure, pollen brush white, mandibles 3-dentate. Siiewini tn chen Alcidamea, 2052, simplex Cr. ( =producta Cr.). Throughout settled part of Canada. 17. Eyes not hairy, 2 with pollen brush, & has on dorsal segment 6 a high transverse ridge, or crest, which forms the apex of abdomen, mandibles in & with a large tooth erie an, kiss nc, ome ee eee Megachile, Lat. Eyes hairy, 9 without pollen brush, tip of abdomen of & spinose, of 2 acuminate... iirc Celioxys, Lat. Note.—The author submitted the above paper to Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, who made some suggestions, mcst of which have been adopted. SOME BEES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. Andrena (Opandrena) ricardonis sp. n. o.—Length 9 mm; black, the clypeus lemon yellow with two black spots; hair of face, front and thoracic dorsum long and fulvous, of cheeks and underside of thorax pallid but not white; head broader than thorax; cheeks very broad, shining, obtusely subangulate below level of middle of eye; malar space almost obsolete; mandibles long, but not so much produced at end as in A. flavoclypeata; yellow clypeus higher in proportion to its width than in flavoclypeata, the yellow not approaching eyes at sides; front: dull, sides of vertex shining; antennz long, third joint longer than fourth, but not nearly as long as four and five combined; flagellum light fulvous beneath; disc of mesothorax and scutellum shining, with very sparse and minute punctures; area of metathorax small, triangular, rugose, the apical part smoother but not polished; tegule dark reddish; wings greyish, stigma rather small, dull amber, nervures dusky testaceous; b. n. meeting t. m.; second s. m+ narrow, receiving first r. n. near its end; first t. c. not near stigma; legs slender, with hind margin of hind tibiae, and all the tarsi, ferruginous; abdomen shining, with only very indistinct piliferous punctures, hind margins of second and following segments with August, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 273 narrow ochreous hair bands, interrupted on second; apical plate (eighth ventral) broadly truncate. Hab.—Vernon, British Columbia, June 9, 1902 (Miss Ricardo); British Museum. Allied to A. trevoris CkIl., but dis- tinct by the colour of the antenne and pubescence; possibly, how- ever, a subspecies. ‘At Shorts Point, Okanagan Lake, B. C., June 28, 1902, Miss Ricardo took A. medionitens Ckll., a form with the abdominal hair bands clear white. Nomada vicinalis aldrichi Ckll. Male—vVernon, B. C., May 15, 1902 (Miss Ricardo), Brit. Museum. New to British America. Nomada illinoensis Rob. Male.—Boston, Mass., Brit. Museum. Nomada custeriana CkIl. Male.—West Cliff, Colo., May 19, 1889, (Cockerell), Brit. ~ Museum. The specimen still carries my number 9, which shows that it is one of two specimens captured; the other, determined by Ashmead as JN. parata, is in the U. S. National Museum, and is the type of NV. custeriana. The species has not been collected since. Nomada vernonensis sp. n. | ' &.—Length about 9 mm; robust, the head and thorax dull and rough (the face somewhat glistening), with erect dull white hair; head broad, vertex elevated, eyes pale grey; head and thorax black (with no red), the thorax with tubercles yellow, but no other light markings; mandibles (except rufous ends, which are simple), labrum (which hasan apical patch of hair, but no tooth), band on lower margin of clypeus (narrowest in middle), and narrow lateral facemarks (shaped like the head and slender neck of a bird, upside down, ending narrowly but abruptly about level of antennz), all bright yellow; posterior orbits wholly black; antennz long, robust, not denticulate, third joint conspicuously shorter than fourth, but much more than half its length; scape black and red, _ hardly swollen; flagellum bright ferruginous, the basal half heavily 274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST marked with black above; area of metathorax rugose, but apically — with a pair of shining bosses; tegule large, pale testaceous, black at base, and with a yellow mark posteriorly; wings clear, with a brownish apical cloud;. stigma and nervures ferruginous; b. n. going well basad of t. m.; second s. m. extremely broad, receiving first r. n. far beyond middle; third s. m. above about half as broad as second; tibie and tarsi bright red, the anterior and middle tibize with a black spot behind; anterior and middle femora red, largely black beneath and at base; hind femora black, with apex and more than apical half above black; abdomen clear ferruginous; _ first segment with basal half black except a V-shaped red mark in middle; band on first segment, notched in middle, extremely large but widely separated patches on second, large patches on third (pointed and approaching in middle), and bands on 4 to 6, bright yellow, the bands enclosing or nearly enclosing red spots at sides posteriorly; apical plate notched; venter red, with a large deeply bilobed black basal patch, and a small yellow spot beyond middle. Hab.—Vernon, British Columbia, April 15, 1902 (Miss Ricardo), Brit. Muséum. A relative of N. illinoensis Rob., but much larger, and with the abdomen richly coloured. In the table of Rocky Mountain species it runs to 47, but is not related to the species there indicated. SOME NORTHERN GEORGIA ACRIDIIDAz.* BY H. A. ALLARD, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. Of the musical Orthoptera, the Acridiide in many respects represent a less highly specialized group. Their limited musical abilities, at least, would: rank them far below the more highly specialized and musical Locustide and Gryllide. At best, their stridulations are hardly more than a brief lisping, or a noisy crepitation. Some of the Acridiide while at rest produce, at intervals, a few monotonous lispings by sawing the hind femora *Mr. A. N. Caudell, of the U. S. National Sissons has kindly attended to the identification or verification of all Orthoptera collected and listed in this paper. August, 1916 ee) . . ‘ F es ee ee Oe aed Oe SD Tee Lhe THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 275 against the edges of the folded tegmina. Others are capable of stridulating only during flight, and produce a noisy clatter which is anything but musical. Members of the Acridiide are strictly creatures of the sunlight and with darkness all become inactive and silent. I have never yet heard the note of any Acridian after darkness has set in. These interesting grasshoppers are also almost strictly terrestrial, and generally prefer open fields and pastures where they can find an abundance of bright sunshine and unlimited room for their noisy aerial performances. Whatever the true significance may be, the predominance of green, brown and black in the coloration of the Acridiide seems to indicate that these colours may have a more or less protective ‘value. The brighter colours, which may be very beautifully patterned, are usually confined to the thin, parchment-like under wings, and are thoroughly concealed by the tegmtna when the insect is at rest. Among the Acridiide there are many species which possess no powers of stridulation. Notwithstanding this, these insects in many other ways are very interesting. Smallest of all the Acridiide and among the most interesting are the odd-shaped grouse-locusts. These tiny creatures, which leap almost as actively as fleas, are exceedingly difficult to discern in their natural environ- ment of earth and dead vegetation. As one sweeps a net over the surface of the dry leaves in the woods there is an audible rustling as the tiny creatures hop about very much like tiny toads. At rest, their odd little bodies and sombre hues of greys, yellows and browns assimilate them perfectly with the mottled carpet of dried leaves, grasses, pebbles, bits of dead bark and woods among which they dwell. Most of the Acridiide mentioned in this paper were observed in the vicinity of a small settlement in Jackson County known as Thompson’s Mills, and situated about five miles west of Hoschton, near the intersection of the counties of Hall, Gwinnett and Jackson. Tettix arenosus Burm. This grouse-locust is probably a com- mon species at Thompson’s Mills. It is found among dry leaves in upland woods. Tettix hancocki var. abbreviatus Hancock. This sombre-hued 276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST little insect is common in the short grass of dry, upland pastures at ~ Thompson’s Mills. Such localities are more or less interspersed with young pines. Here I have found only the form with the short pronotum (abbreviatus). These grasshoppers are strictly terrestrial, and leap about in the short, scanty grass where their dull colours and mottled patterns make them very inconspicuous. These insects appear to be without stridulatory powers. Tettigidea lateralis Burm. ‘This grouse-locust is considerably larger than the preceding, and is not uncommon at Thompson’s Mills. It occurs in the short grass of dry, upland fields and pastures in late summer in company with the preceding species. The var. polymorpha, Burm., occurs in similar situations. Paratettix cucullatus Burm. Among leaves on sunny, thinly wooded slopes and banks near brooks, etc. Probably common at Thompson’s Mills. Nomotettix compressus Morse. Probably common at Thomp- son’s Mills. It occurs on banks, in pastures, open woods, etc. Neotettix rotundifrons Hancock. In upland pastures and sunny, thickly wooded hillsides. Tryxalis brevicornis (L). This somewhat cone-headed Acridian seems to be locally distributed and not common at ‘Thompson’s Mills. I found it in only one locality among some rank meadow grasses bordering a small stream. Here only a few individuals were observed and these were exceedingly difficult to approach or capture, owing to their shy habits and rapid flight. No note has been observed for this species. Eritettix carinatus Scudd. I first met this little Acridian early in April at Thompson’s Mills, in an old pasture grown up to broom grass. It does not appear to be common in this locality. It keeps well down in the grass, moving about occasionally to stridulate. If it leaps and alights near the top of a grass stalk, it moves backward down the stalk until near the ground. Its notes are faint, lisping phrases of a few seconds duration, and are at intervals repeated six or eight times in quick succession: sic-a- sic-a-sic-a-sic-a-sic-a-sic—sic-a-sic-a-sic-a-sic—sic-a-sic-a-sic-a-sic-a- sic. This grasshopper is most active when the sun is shining. Its notes resemble those of Stenobothrus curtipennis very much, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 277 and are produced in the same manner by sawing both thighs simultaneously upon the edges of the tegmina. Orphulella pratorum Scudder. In dry fields and pastures in upland situations, Thompson’s Mills. I have recognized no stridulation for this grasshopper. Chortophaga viridifasciata De Geer. This dimorphic species is exceedingly common at Thompson’s Mills, and is the earliest to appear in March. It is generally distributed, being found in alfalfa fields, dry pastures, etc. The brown form, infuscata, is equally abundant. The notes of this insect are a noisy crackling produced during flight. Hippiscis rugosus Scudder. Very common in dry pastures and old fields at Thompson’s Mills. A most clumsy, inactive locust and readily captured. It seems to have no distinct stridula- tion. Dissosteira carolina L. This widely distributed grasshopper is a very common one at Thompson’s Mills: It shows every- where a preference for the bare soil of roadsides and fields. “In such situations its dull gray and brown mottlings make it almost appear a part of the naked soils upon which it alights. The notes of this grasshopper are most peculiar. It ascends a few feet above the ground and, hovering in mid-air for some seconds, _ flutters its wings and produces a continuous lisping note. This mid-air performance is quite distinct from the usual flights of this. insect, which are nearly or quite noiseless. Trimerotropis citrina Scudder. This insect is a common one at Thompson’s Mills, perferring the bare soil of roadsides and cultivated fields as does Dissosteira carolina. I have recognized no note. Schistocerca americana Drury. This is a common grasshopper at Thompson’s Mills, occurring almost entirely in dry situations in the vegetation of fields and in weeds and cotton plants. It is a shy species, and possesses vigorous powers of flight. Except for a rustling of the ample, transparent wings during flight, it has no definite stridulation. Schistocerca alutacea Harris is less common than the preceding. It prefers the tall weeds and grasses of old fields. Its flight, like 278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST that of the preceding, is vigorous and unaccompanied by any definite notes or stridulation. Schistocerca damnifica Saussure. A common grasshopper at -Thompson’s Mills, occurring in upland fields and along roads. It is especially common in cotton fields. Unlike the two preceding | species of this genus, which usually rest upon weeds or other vegetation, this species prefers to rest upon the bare earth. If frightened, it flies away silently and then may alight upon cotton or other plants. It seems to have no note. The almost uniformly reddish-brown colour of Schistocerca damnifica makes it quite indistinguishable from the red-land soils of northern Georgia. This insect appears rather late in summer. Melanoplus scudderi Uhler. In early October, 1910, I found this short-winged grasshopper very common in the short grass and leaves in thin woods in certain dry, upland situations. At first sight one is ready to consider it only a nymph from its almost wingless appearance. It is an active insect and leaps readily when disturbed. Its dark gray and brown coloration make it very inconspicuous among the leaves, sticks and bogs of its native — environment. It does not appear to be an open field species in this locality. Here its abundance seems to be very variable _ with different seasons. Melanoplus femoratus Burm. Not uncommon at Thompson's Mills, in old fields. I have recognized no note. Melanoplus atlanis Riley. This grasshopper is a very common species at Thompson’s Mills, occurring in all upland fields and pastures, together with Melanoplus femur-rubrum, De Geer. I have observed no stridulation. : _ Melanoplus punctulatus Scudder. A very common species in all upland fields at Thompson’s Mills, together with . femur- rubrum. 1 have identified no note which it may produce. Melanoplus femur-rubrum De Geer. An exceedingly common grasshopper at Thompson’s Mills, in all upland situations, but especially so in grassy pastures. Its flight is noiseless and I have noted no stridulations while at rest. Scudder says he has seen the male sawing on its tegmina with its femur, but could detect no noise. : : . ST HE SS 8 SE TS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 279 Syrbula admirabilis Uhler is also a very common Acridian at Thompson’s Mills, especially in the dry fields grown up to broom grass. The male is rather musical, producing a weak, lisping stridulation at intervals—s-s-s-s—s-s-s-s-s-s-s, by sawing the hind femur upon the edges of the tegmina. Arphia xanthoptera Burm. A common locust in old fields at Thompson’s Mills. The notes are a loud, harsh crackling, accom- panying their flights across the fields. Arphia sulphurea Fabr. In fields, pastures, etc. A noisy crepitation during flight is the only method of stridulation. Spharagemon bolla Scudder. Very common in old fields at Thompson’s Mills and in pastures. It has been observed that this grasshopper sometimes hovers in air and produces a rustling note similar to the habit of Dissosteira carolina, but I have not witnessed thismyself. Theusual noteisarattling noise during flight. The Acridiidz confine their habitat almost entirely to the ground stratum, whether in wood or in field. Few species regularly prefer the true herbage or shrub stratum of vegetation, as do many members of the Locustide and Gryllide. Even those species which appear to prefer wooded situations confine themselves to the more open, sparsely grassy areas as Melanoplus scudderi and some of the Tettiginee. I have found no species inhabiting deep - woods where the ground is hidden with dense herbage. Orthoptera of all kinds are uncommon in such situations. Tryxalis brevicornis perhaps belongs more strictly to the true “herbage stratum of vegetation than any other species listed in this paper. The species of Schistocerca, i.e., americana, alutacea and damnifica, do not confine themselves strictly to the ground stratum, nor can they be considered truly members of the herb and shrub _ strata. They are somewhat elastic in their habits, however, and show a more marked tendency to choose the habitat of the higher leaf and shrub strata occasionally, than do most Acridiide. This does not by any means complete the list of Acridians probably occurring at Thompson’s Mills, but many years of patient study and collecting must be pursued to determine the Orthoptera inhabitating any region, and to become familiar with their habits and stridulations. 280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A REVIEW OF THE PTEROCOMMINI (APHIDIDa Hom.). BY A. C. BAKER, WASHINGTON, D.C.* A few years ago the writer undertook a study of the Pterocom- mini. In this he was helped, in her usual generous manner, by Doctor Patch, who sent slides of some different species, and by Professor Gillette, who loaned the writer slides of the specimens he had. The recent paper by Wilson (1915) on this tribe has called the writer’s attention again to the species. It seems worth while, therefore, to publish a. few notes on the group, since the writer’s study showed some points. at variance with the results published by Wilson, and since Ptero- comma populifolie Fitch should be reinstated. In regard to the genera, the writer believes Wilson’s view correct, but in regard to species interpretation he is unable to agree with him. These points of difference will be noted under the species. Pterocomma populea (Kalt.). Two American species are made synonyms of this by Wilson. They are beulahensis Ckll., and rufulus Davidson. Rufulus as indicated by specimens from Davidson is quite a different species. The cornicles of populea from Spandau, Prussia, are about equal in length to the hind tarsi. In rufulus, however, the cornicles are nearly twice the length of the hind tarsi, bearing about the same ratio as do those of bicolor Oest. Although rufulus proves to be distinct from populea, it becomes a synonym of populifolie Fitch, a species not mentioned by Wilson. Pterocomma populifoliz (Fitch). Populifolie was described in 1851, and Fitch’s notes give the following numbers as representing the species: Nos. 6118-6121, Nos. 9292-9302 and No. 3712. These are Fitch’s personal numbers; not the State Cabinet numbers. Of these numbers the following *Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. August, 1916 : RS SOW Cee pee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 281 are now present in the National Museum collection: 9292, 9293, 9297, 9390 and 9301. A study of these specimens shows that rufulus agrees with populifolie Fitch. Oestlund (1887) considered Fitch’s species to be a Chaitophorus, and so described his populi- folie. Davis (1910) considered it an Aphis, and described another species under the name. Both of these writers expressed doubt as to their determination. In the writer’s opinion, populifolie stands as a good species, easily distinguished from populea by the relative lengths of the cornicles and tarsi. The measurements for the alate viviparous female of this species average: Antenne III, 0.64 mm.; IV, 0.368 mm.; V, 0.336 mm.; VI, base and unguis (0.192 mm.+0.288 mm.); cornicle, 0.352 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.24 mm. _ Specimens taken on Popof Island, Alaska, and determined as populea by Pergande, are certainly populifolig. Pergande concluded that both Kaltenbach and Koch were wrong in stating the cornicles of populea to be cylindrical, and he was of the opinion that, “in fact, they are clavate.’’ So, indeed, they are in populifolie, but the cornicles of populea are very plainly cylindrical, and in this regard Koch’s figure is excellent and the descriptions of Kaltenbach and Koch exact. The Pergande Alaska specimens, now in the collection of the Bureau of Entomology, show the following measurements for the alate viviparous female: Antenne III 0.656 mm.; IV, 0.4 mm.; V, 0.384 mm.; VI (0.208 + 0.384 mm.); cornicles, 0.38 mm; hind tarsus, 0.25 mm. It will be seen that these measurements agree almost exactly with those given by Wilson for populea. But he gives no measure- ments of the hind tarsus. It will be seen also that these specimens agree with populifolie Fitch, and it is the writer’s opinion that — the specimens measured by Wilson were specimens of populifolie Fitch. Specimens of American populea show that species to be very different from populifolie. This is most apparent in com- paring the cornicles and hind tarsi. Measurements for the alate ‘viviparous female of this species are as follows: Antenne III, 0.608 mm.; IV, 0.256 mm.; V, 0.24 mm.; VI (0.128 mm. + 0.144) mm.; cornicles, 0.192 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.192 mm. These figures indicate clearly the striking difference between the two species. 282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Now specimens of populea from Europe agree exactly in measurements, etc., with American specimens, excepting that the unguis of segment VI is very slightly longer. Moreover, the ex- amples of both species have a much more cylindrical cornicle than have the specimens of populifolie. The writer is therefore con- sidering these American specimens to be populea. The European examples have segment VI usually about (0.128 mm. + 0.17 mm.). In regard to pilosa Buckton, the writer has never had an opportunity to study forms supposed to be this species. From the description given by Buckton, it would seem very much as if he had two species before him. _His apterous forms would very well agree with populea, whereas his alate form seems to be populifolie, or a species near it. This will be seen from the measurements he gives for the cornicles in the two forms. Since Pergande, who had seen the type, placed pilosa as perhaps the same as his populea, this would also tend to indicate that Buckton’s alate form is populifolie Fitch. ‘Pterocomma beulahensis (CkIl.). The measurements given for this species by Cockerell would make it very difficult to include it under populea. It has, however, the cornicles about equal in length to the hind tarsi. The type slide of the species is now in the National Museum collection, and on it are mounted four alate specimens. These show some variation in the sixth antennal segment. One antenna measures for (0.176 mm.+0.336 mm.), and one (0.16 mm.+0.32 mm.). It will be seen that this proportion is very different from that of populea. A more prominent character, however, is met with in the beak. In all our specimens of populea the beak is long,’ reaching beyond the hind coxa, sometimes even to the base of the cornicles, or very near them. The beak in beulahensis is much shorter, extending hardly to the hind coxz, sometimes not reaching them. The cornicles are somewhat swollen, a character which is not so evident in populea. Moreover, beulahensis is more elongate, having the general look of populifolie, whereas populea has a shorter, ‘‘bulkier’’ appearance. se. =~ Ger THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST __ 283 Pterocomma salicis (L.). Under this species Wilson discusses the forms determined as salicis L. in this country. He concludes that the species does not occur here, and considers the cornicle the distinguishing character. _While the cornicles figured by him are very distinct, the writer has examined both American and European specimens in which the cornicles are almost identical. They are not only the same in shape, but the measurements are the same, and a range in variation between the two types is met with in European material. It is not probable that two European species are confused since the variation was seen in aphides collected from one colony in France. Another point of resemblance is the bright orange colour of the cornicles in both European and American forms. It is true that the cornicles of American forms seldom show the distinct bulging met with in salicis, but with the variation in the European form, and with the two forms showing the same measurements, it seems hardly possible to separate them on this character of the cornicles. Both European and American forms, moreover, show a more or less distinct dusky bordering to the wing veins. In an attempt to find some other character to back up the variation in the European cornicle and so to separate the American form, the writer has measured a large series of apterous forms. These have shown no differences. The European form shows more variation in the antennal segments, the third segment par- ticularly being sometimes longer in the European than in the American form. In others, however, they are exactly the same, and this is more often the case than otherwise. This variation in the antennal segments does not seem to be, therefore, any definite character upon which the two species can be separated with cer- tainty. In the meantime, therefore, the writer prefers to hold salicis for the American forms. Measurements of the alate viviparous female of both American and European specimens will show their remarkable similarity in this respect. ’ European: Antenne III, 0.72 mm.; IV, 0.464 mm.; V, 0.432 mm.; VI, (0.224 mm.+0.224 mm.); cornicle,. 0.56 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.256 mm, 284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST American: Antenne III, 0.7 mm.; IV, 0.448 mm.; V, 0.384 mm; VI, (0.208 mm.+0.224 mm.); cornicle, 0.544 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.24 mm. It will be seen from these measurements that the European and American forms are the same as far as proportions are con- cerned, and considering the great variation met with in the cornicles of the European, and even of the American examples, there does not seem sufficient basis in the writer’s opinion for keeping the species distinct. Certainly the two forms are much more nearly alike than are the American form and bicolor Oestlund. Pterocomma bicolor (Oest.) 4 The American specimens listed under this species by Wilson . do not, the writer believes, belong here. Oestlund gives the length of cornicles as 0.35 mm., whereas Wilson gives them as 0.59 mm.; fully equal to those of salicis. The following measurements of the | alate viviparous female made from specimens of bicolor collected by the writer in Ontario show that Wilson’s bicolor measurements refer not to this species at all, but perhaps to variations of salicis? Thecorniclesof bicolor are quite distinctive and the same as siven by Oestlund in his description. Measurements of alate viviparous female: Antenne III, 0.672; IV, 0.38 mm.; V, 0.36 mm.; VI, (0.16 mm.+0.352 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.352 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.22 mm. It will be seen that this species is separated from populifolie — by the proportions of segment VI of the antenna. The base is much shorter and the unguis much longer than in Fitch’s species. This character may not be a constant one, and in such case bicolor will become a synonym. In the National Museum collection there are specimens determined as bicolor by Williams. According to Davis (1911) this determination has been confirmed by Oestlund. Williams’ specimens in the collection are certainly " populifolie. The measurements of segment VI, of the two alate specimens present are (0.176 mm.+0.288 mm.) and (0.176 mm.+0.27 mm.). Comparing these with measurements of one specimen in Fitch's collection, which measures (0.144 mm.+0.256 mm.), we see that THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 285 there is little difference in proportions. The Ontario material collected on the Karwatha Lakes is uniformly different from this, averaging as previously given (0.16 mm.+0.352 mm.). One specimen had the measurements (0.16 mm.+0.384 mm.) and one (0.176 mm.+0.352 mm.). These measurements agree in proportion with those given by Oestlund, and the writer, therefore, prefers to hold bicolor as distinct ° on this basis until large collections can be made and studied. In regard to the species flocculosa Weed, smithie Mon., and salictt Harris, no remarks will here be made, since these species are fully dealt with by Wilson, and the writer has examined some of Weed’s specimens, but a species described by Patch (1913) as antennatum should be mentioned. It cannot be definitely described in full until alate forms have been found. Another species has - been described as farinosus by Del Guercio (1913). In this species _ the cornicles are cylindrical, but very much longer proportionately than those of populea. Pterocomma steinheili (Mordwilko) A third species, not mentioned by Wilson, is one named steinheili by Mordwilko. Through the kindness of Mr. J. J. Davis, I have been able to examine a slide of specimens received by him from Mordwilko. One alate form and several apterous ones are present. The species is very close indeed to beulahensis Ckll., and it is the writer’s belief that the two are identical. There is one marked difference, however, between the alate specimen of steinheili and those of beulahensis. The lateral tubercles of the ~ abdomen of steinheili are nearly twice the size of those of beula- -hensis. It is quite probable that this is a variable character and that the two species cannot be separated by means of it. Since, however, only one specimen of the alate form of steinheili is avail- able for study, it is necessary on this basis to keep them distinct. Measurements of the alate viviparous female: Antenne III, 0.432 mm.; IV, 0.288 mm.; V, 0.32: mm.; VI (0.16 mm + 0.272 mm.). Cibniate: 0.256 mm. hind tarsus, 0. 294 mm. 286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST This will then leave the species as follows: Pterocomma populea (Kalt.) Synonymy: Aphis populea Kaltenbach. Cladobius populeus (Kalt) Koch. Pterocomma pilosa Buckton (apterous form). Pterocomma farinosa (Del Guercio). Synonymy: Cladobius farinosus Del Guercio. Pterocomma steinheili (Mordwilko). Synonymy: Cladobius steinheili Mordwilko. Pterocomma salicis (L). - Synonymy: Aphis salicis Linne. Melanoxanthus salicis (L) Buckton, Weed, ete. Melanoxantherium salicis (L) Schouteden. Pterocomma salicis (1) Wilson. 2? Pterocomma bicoler Wilson, not Oestlund. Pterccomma populifoliz (Fitch). Synonymy: Aphis populifolie Fitch. Pterocomma pilosa Buckton (alate form). Cladobius populeus Pergande, not Kalt. Cladobius rufulus Davidson. Melanoxanthus bicolor Williams, not Oestlund. Melanoxantherium rufulum (Davidson) Essig. Pterocomma populea Wilson, not Kalt. ? Melanoxantherium salich Patch. Cladobius beulahensis Wilson, not Cockerell. - Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed). Synonymy: Melanoxanthus flocculosus Weed. Melanoxantherium flocculosum (Weed) Schouteden . Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed) Wilson. +4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 287 Pterocomma smithiz (Mon.). Synonymy: ? Aphis salicti Harris. ? Aphis salicicola Uhler. - Chaitophorus smithie Monell. ? Lachnus salicicola (Uhler) Thos. Melanoxanthus salicti Weed. Melanoxantherium smithie (Mon.) Gillette. Pterocomma smithie (Mon.) Wilson. Pterocomma bicolor (Oest.) ‘Synonymy: Melanoxanthus bicolor Oestlund. Melanoxantherium bicolor (Oestlund) Patch. Pterocomma antennata (Patch) Synonymy: Melanoxantherium antennatum Patch. . Pterocomma beulahensis (CkIl.) Synonymy: Cladobius beulahensis Ckll. A few misprints are noted in Wilson’s paper. On page 347, in listing the described species, beulahensis and salicicola are misspelled. Cockerell, the author of beulahensis, is written as if it were part of the specific name. The citation of “lanthanie”’ is different on page 347 from the citation of the species on page 357. If lantane Koch is not a Pterocomma, as Wilson believes, and if the name is retained as he retains it, it must become P. lantane (Pass) based on the description of the oviparous female in Aphidide Italice, p. 55. Passerini spelled the name /antane, but a new one would be required, The names listed under salicis (Linn.) should be altered as follows: Aphis salicis should be in italics. In the lines following, Linn. should be in parenthesis, while the names of the other authors _ should not be. In the synonymy of flocculosa Weed, the first reference should read Melanoxanthus, and Weed should not be in parenthesis. In the synonymy of bicolor Oest., where the genus is cited as Melanoxanthus, Oestlund should not be in parenthesis. 288 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST In the synonymy of populea Kalt., the third reference, Cladobius should be omitted and Kalt. inserted in parenthesis after populeus. Whether or not the word was written thus, and not Cladobius, I have been unable to prove. The first edition of Passerini’s Gli Afidi was published in 1857. I have not been able to see this nor the 1860 Parma edition. Wilson’s reference, however, is incorrectly written. So also is his reference to Aphidide Italica, 1863. Pilosa Buckton is cited twice. In the second citation it is indicated that the species was not described as a Pterocomma, but was referred to that genus by Wilson. In writing the name popuiea in connection with Pterocomma, Kalt. should be in parenthesis. On page 355 Aphis salicis Harris is discussed. This is a mis- print for salicti Harris, named on page 191 of the first edition of Harris’ work. The same is seen in the citation of Oestlund, ete. In listing smithie as a Pterocomma, Monell, which is incorrectly spelled, should be in parenthesis. _ In the list of species on page 347, the genera in which they were originally described are placed in parenthesis between Ptero- comma and the specific name. This is the method given in the international code for the indication of subgenera. All of these little details are very minor matters, but they are here mentioned for purposes of reference. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PTEROCOMMA 1. Cornicles without a distal flange and abruptly constricted at the distal extremity .......05.5.5. [6605 iassecsosdeleoeyecsteesec0 sc OOOO MES Cornicles with a distal flange and not so abruptly constricted at their distal extremities. (00.2065. esis. ds onsssitiedh eee 2. 2. Cornicles. about twice as long as their greatest CiBIMETER:. Fieri pase Jari uieevcladees lan duc eee A smithiea. Cornicles much more than twice as long as their greatest GamMecet. Fai eh ih ke Bs be 3. 3. Cornicles about equal in length to the hind tarsi..........00.00. 4. Cornicles much longer than the hind tarsi.....................0..ccceeee 6. 4. Beak reaching to the cornicles or nearly to them.......... populea. + a “x THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 289 . Lateral tubercles of the abdomen about equal in length to the second antennal segment...........: PRS ae aR oe Bed steinheilt. Lateral tubercles of abdomen considerably shorter than the second antennal segment....... EGhis deter Sobay taneiawexahre ne trhcet beulahensts. . Cornicles nearly twice as long as the hind tarsi............0........0--.. f eas Cornicles much more than twice as long as the hind tarsi........ 8. . Unguis of segment VI of antennz about equal in length to the cornicle and more than twice as long as base................ bicolor. Unguis of segment VI of antennz usually shorter than the cornicle and less than twice as long as base.......... populifolie. . Cornicles cylindrical or slightly tapering......................., arinosa. Cornicles much swollen in the middle.........0...00.00...000:cccccceeeees 9. . Cornicles bright orange in COlOUP............0ccccceccceeseeseenee: salicis. LITERATURE. 1851. Fitch, Asa.—Cat. Hom., N.Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 66. | Oestlund, O. W.—Synopsis of the Aphididz of Minnesota. Bull. No. 4, Geo. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn. is Davis, J. J—A List of the Aphidide of Illinois, with notes on some of the species. In Journal of Econ. Ent.,Vol. III, p. 489. Davis, J. J.—Williams, ‘‘The Aphididae of Nebraska,” A Critical Review. University studies, U. of Neb., Vol. XI, p. 259. 1913. Patch, E. M.—Aphid Pests of Maine—The Willow ey —Bull. Agr. Exp. Station, Me. No. 213., p. 89. 1913. Del Guercio, G.—Generi e Speci Nuove di Afididi—Redia 1915. IX, p. 178. Wilson, H. F..—-A Synopsis of the Aphid Tribe Pterocom- mini—In Annals of the Ent. Soc. of America, Vol. VITT,. p. 347. The remaining literature on the tribe is cited in Wilson’s paper. 290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A NEW NOCTUID GENUS. BY _ WM. BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL. The publication by Dr. Skinner (Ent. News, 1902, XIII, 141) of the species Psychophora fasciata, from Alaska, evoked consider- able discussion at the time regarding the position of the species ¢€whether a Noctuid or Geometrid), and also concerning the genus Psychophora Kirby and its type sabini Kirby (Ent. News, 1902 XIII, 191; 1. c. 1903, XIV, 193). In the latter paper Dr. Dyar, in the belief that fasciata corresponds closely to the generic characters given for Psychophora, leaves the species along with sabini in that genus, and creates the genus Skinneria for frigidaria Gn., which he considered wrongly associated with sabini Kirby. In the 4th Volume of Seitz Macrolepidoptera Palzarctica (Geometride) Mr. Prout (p. 232) sinks Skinneria to Psychophora, placing frigidaria Gn. in this genus. In reply to a query of ours regarding this action, he has kindly replied that there is a series of specimens under the name sabini in the British Museum from ~ Grinnell Land, which “‘agree so perfectly with Curtis (and well with Kirby) that one cannot hesitate as to the rightness of their de- termination, especially as the localities are in the same main geographical region, and there is no knowledge of any rival claimant from thence.’’ He further states that frigidaria Gn. from Norway, Lapland, etc., ‘‘seems evidently a mere local race of sabini,”’ but - that phocata Moesch, according to the figure, is a distinct but closely allied species. All these species he considers to be typical Larentiids. Regarding fasciata Skin. he was unable to speak definitely, as he had no material of this species. The above remarks led us to examine more closely our speci- mens of fasciata, of which we have four o’s from the type locality, _ two of them being co-types. We find that Dr. Dyar in his otherwise excellent characterization of the generic characters of fasciata (Ent. News XIV, 194) has overlooked the fact that the mid and hind tibiz are well spined. This fact would almost with certainty prove the species to be a Noctuid, and it would fall into the family Agrotine of Hampson, which reference would be further supported by other structural characters, notably the obsolescence of vein 5 on the secondaries from near the middle of the cell. With regard August, 1916 3 es i se THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 291 to the two characters which have led fasciata to be considered a Geometer, viz., the fovea at base of primaries and vein 5 of prim- aries arising from the middle of the cell, we cannot accept either of these points. The so-called fovea is apparently caused by a distinct bifurcation of vein 1 at the base, the space thus included _by veins 1 and ic being somewhat devoid of scales, which in any case are rather sparse on the underside. Regarding vein 5, all our - speciméns show this vein distinctly below the middle of the cell, rather more distant, it is true, from 4 than is usual, but slightly curved downward towards 4 at the point of origin. The antenne are, in our opinion, very strongly lamellate, giving practically the _ appearance of bipectinations; the eyes rather small and reniform. As there is apparently no generic name available for the species, we would propose the name BARROVIA (the species being taken at Pt. Barrow) with type fasciata Skin., and would place the genus in the vicinity of Agrotiphila Grt., from which it differs by its unspined fore tibiz and hairy vestiture. __ For generic characteristics other than the above-mentioned, we would refer to Dr. Dyar’s paper as already quoted. BOOK REVIEW. THE Lire or INLAND WarTERS. An elementary text book of fresh water biology for American students. By James G. Needham, Professor of Limnology in Cornell University, and J. T. Lloyd, Instructor in Limnology in Cornell University. The Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y., 1916. 488 pp. Price, $3.00. This is a work that will appeal to many classes of readers, including entomologists working in various fields of special study. It deals with a subject of immense scope, which has been developed gradually through the accumulated researches of innumerable investigators and has only recently acquired the status of a coherent science. The vast array of facts embodied in this literature has been thoroughly sifted and assimilated by the authors, and the result is an admirably planned and most attractive presentation of the elements of limnology or fresh-water biology. 292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST — After an interesting chapter on the history and development of this science, the authors discuss the physical -and chemical properties of water, and of natural bodies of water, regarded as aquatic environments, and also the interrelations of land and water. This is followed by a general account of the various types of aquatic environments, under the sub-headings: ‘‘Lakes and Ponds,” ‘‘Streams,’’ and ‘Marshes, Swamps and Bogs.” _. The fourth and longest chapter deals with types of aquatic organisms, these being described briefly in untechnical language, particular attention being given to their mode of life and such features of form and structure as indicate their fitness for their particular environment. _ This and the two following chapters, entitled “Adjustment to Conditions of Aquatic Life’ and ‘‘Aquatic Societies,’’ contain. much entomological matter. The latter two chapters are of excep- tional interest to the biologist, and it is doubtful if there is any- where to be found a more admirable analysis of the ecological relations of fresh-water organisms. > In the concluding chapter; ‘Inland-Water Culture,” the sub- ject is discussed from the economic standpoint, and the possibilities of utilizing the extensive areas of swamp and marsh in North America for intensive fish-culture are clearly demonstrated. Nor are the aesthetic and educational aspects of the subject forgotten, and the authors show their breadth of view in this connection in advocating the preservation of wet lands in part as sanctuaries for wild life. : Throughout the book it is the ecological point of view that is emphasized rather than the systematic and morphological, and. from this standpoint there is much that is of great interest to students of all groups of aquatic insects. : The illustrations are numerous and attractive, many of them being reproductions of original photographs and photomicrographs. ' The chief defect is the somewhat large number of typographical errors, which will doubtless be corrected in a future edition. Mailed August 15, 1916 -XLVIII. LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1916 No. POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. A Visit To NIAGARA GLEN. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. _ After nearly all July sacrificed on the altar of one’s profession, = ee solid weeks of our all too short Canadian summer gone “3 up i in smoke and stifling city heat—weeks, too, when every self- specting entomologist should be clinging perilously at the very op of his bent—it was indeed high time for relaxation. I hurried verishly down to the Yonge St. wharf and boarded a Niagara I had told no one where I was going, least of all myself. y preparations were stealthy and the contents of my pilgrim’s Fe scrip of the most meagre. In one pocket (had you picked it) Z you would have found a tooth-brush, a comb, a cyanide bottle, and two clean handkerchiefs; in another a small plant-press, made of two stout cardboard covers enclosing a dozen sheets of ee paper, and carefully tied up with a pair of brown laces, ) wed for the nonce from my sry boots; in a third an empty king ash and a receptacle for larve and other specimens that equired preserving alive), a Seeap eae, a chisel, and a pair of mercer ton Paice and reported at the quiet, old-fashioned Scaring. house where my habits and hobbies being known were no longer _ subject to comment or disconcerting question. After making _ arrangements for a night or so’s lodging and an early start next morning, I strolled out through the gathering dusk in the direction of the woods at the foot of Brock’s monument; after turning a little way down a lane skirted by grapevines, I presently became 294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST aware, on all sides, of tiny rustlings in the foliage, prelude to the drowsy hum and blundering flight of shard-borne beetles; a sound familiar enough, and one that should have surely set me down not more than two or three years or 100 miles away—in the school — playground, say, Port Hope, at the height of the June-bug season; but there must have been something peculiar in the keynote of this symphony, .for it set vibrating a far more distant chord of memory: a little tilt between the mind’s deft fingers, one magic turn of the kaleidoscope we call imagination, and on the instant I found myself a schoolboy in a narrow Kentish lane between chestnut trees and hawthorns, watching at dusk for cockchafers and the occasional prize of a stagbeetle soaring out of the hedge- row. I had no net with me, and though I could tell the beetles were larger than June bugs, capture was out of the question, so I turned in for the night. . ‘ Next day I was heading towards the Heights before 6 a.m. For some time I stuck to the main road, for the dew was very heavy; but near the Monument Station I sensed unmistakably the neighborhood of a certain fungus, and following my nose like a questing hound, presently spied, by a clump of red cedar, a small colony of what I was in search of—Ithyphallus impudicus—* Stink- horns,’’ to use the vulgar and all too expressive name. Two of the horns, already sinking into putrescence, were tenanted by nearly a score of silphids, dark-winged and with reddish margin on the thorax. From here, as it was too early for the car-service, I tramped up the belt railway towards the Glen; the sides of the track showed plenty of New Jersey Tea, but it was too soon in the day for insect visitors; on some plants of purple vetch I found great numbers of ‘‘the old-fashioned Potato-beetle’’ (Macrobasis unicolor) feed- ing; and a couple of miles further up, when I was within a few rods of the Glen enclosure, it being after seven o’clock, with the sun hot and strong in its course, came gliding out towards me from the shrubbery that fringed the lip of the gorge, a magnificent -yellow-banded snake, larger and stouter than any garter snake I had ever seen before; forward he drove with that wonderful — motion that, unaided by limbs, yet rivals in grace and mastery of self-control the most perfect athlete’s—rigidity and suppleness if the rail and basked in the sun. I stepped over—to that side - of the track and looked down at him; first his head and neck, three, four, five naked joints; - was my first atihieaabe Just then the rumble of an approaching car forced me to step from the i ~ tracks; I had no desire to be marooned for even a moment alone with a rattler on a narrow strip of cliff-edge, so I chose the other ide of the right-of-way. As soon as the coast was clear, I returned _ to my scrutiny; the snake had not moved, though the car had : ~ lumbered by within a foot of him, out-rattling a thousand of his and almost immediately slid back into the bushes and so (doubtless) oe to the ravine. The keepers at the Glen aioe not seen one . and in cold weather can be picked up and handled _ with impunity. In the rich herbage beside one of the paths that led to the Jt flight of wooden stairs I noticed numbers of little chrysomelians ve - feeding, at least three species, two of them black with four yellow or reddish spots on the elytra (2 basal and 2 apical), one of the beetles proving Bassareus and the other Cryptocephalus ; the third _ species was of a uniform dark- -grey and quadrate in outline, ap- parently Pachybrachys. I had now reached the Glen itself, and proceeded to oboe _ for an hour or two with some old cronies among the ferns. It ap- 296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST pears that when the Glen was Foster’s Flats, it harboured a few plants of the Holly Fern (Polystichum lonchitis), and I had planned to hunt for this plant, first downstream away from all frequented paths, and then upstream towards the whirlpool. After three -hours’ unavailing search downstream, I descended towards the river bank for another spell of sunshine and entomology. Here I came upon a thicket of undergrowth—black raspberries in profusion, a tangle of grapevines, clumps of elder, and a sprink- ling of basswood. Halting beside one of these last, before wading into the thicket, I let my eye range over the foliage. Presently I saw a sight that set my heart beating, a pair of tiny longicorns basking on a leaf; it was ten years since I had seen the insect— Eupogonius subarmatus—and then, though I had captured the only two I saw, one on a basswood log and the other on a leaf overhead, I knew them for the wariest of their kind. Cautiously as I approached, my quarry dropped off the edge of their leaf before I could get within range. I had now little hope of success, for the insect was extremely small and the ground a miniature jungle of rank grass. I stood, however, and watched the place under the leaf very closely, devouring the ground inch by inch, and presently spied the pair resting on a flat slope of stone, and captured them both with little more ado. Nothing else was to be seen about the lower ranks of foliage on this tree, but when I got round to the side next the sunken stretch of thicket, more basswoods appeared in the open; the rasp- berries and the rich drapery of sunlit green beckoned imperiously; I looked at my watch; eleven a.m. The hour was auspicious for sun worship—h-h-h-h-m, bz-z-z-z-z-zm; hullo! I thought, service is just going to begin; here comes the clerk. It was Pelidnota punctaia settling down on a grapevine, but very lively, and, what was more to the point, quite out of reach; indeed, he only stayed long enough to clear up the mystery of the night before and then make off. Without delay I stepped down into the thicket and, with an eye focussed for small creatures on grass and leaves, proceeded to range about this tangled river-glade. There is a peculiar charm about moving cautiously through sun-lit spaces or standing at gaze like a pointer on the still hunt for tiny game in the all but breathless glare of July heat. It THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 297 Bees on & sluggish forms of all this multitudinous insect life, but it was : — had I shaken free from some clinging ropes of thimbleberry _ vine, than I saw the coveted object hurry to the edge of his perch beatific vision into the empyreal vast. Possession is nine points [ the law, but of entomology it seemed just then to a beetle- will throb anew in bad weather. But other sights and better luck (both abundant that day) soon drove all this into the back- ground. Before I left the thicket I had captured one specimen ‘of Oberea bimaculata (resting, for a wonder, on the upper side of his raspberry leaf), one specimen of Plagionolus speciosus, and seven Specimens of Desmocerus palliatus, always on the under side of the foliage of elder, usually early elder, whose blossom, long _ over, had been replaced by clusters of crimson berries. What a magnificent insect the Knotty Cloak is! with his gleaming wing- _ covers of Prussian blue based with bright yellow; unfortunately, mcs his colours fade; cabinet specimens become actually dingy in the course of years, the yellow in particular losing all its vividness. | At the edge of the thicket, before emerging, I glanced up into a large basswood and noticed a pale yellow object apparently about the size of a cecropia moth depending from an upper leaf; it had not > the thin, shrivelled sereness of dead foliage, but, whatever it was, 4 s it hardly bent the leaf or its stalk where it hung. Suddenly re- membering that I had an insect net with a three-jointed handle 29S THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST _ in my pocket, I drew it out and fitting it together scooped the enigma into the silken bag, where it writhed and struggled with moth-like flutterings; it was a tiny bat. High up on the same tree I now spotted (in its favorite attitude) another specimen of Eupogonius subarmatus and conceived the happy idea of utilizing the creature’s instinct of escape to secure its capture. It evidently loved to sit up on the spacious platform of a linden leaf and ‘‘take the sun’’; when approached it would nearly always run (or roll) to the edge of its resting-place and drop over; all I had to do was to hold the net well under its perch and then jar the insect into activity. This went like clockwork, and I spent two or three hours in systematic search about bass- wood foliage. Blatchley does not mention the linden among the creature's food plants, but I took over a dozen specimens that day of Eupogonius subarmatus; they were all found basking on linden leaves, and, with a single exception, on being approached, they all launched themselves obligingly into the captivity of my insect net. It was nearly three p.m. when I decided to make a trip be- yond the paths, upstream, in search of the Holly Fern; I first made my way to the last drinking fountain in the Glen, a lovely cold spring that wells out from the base of a giant block of limestone. Here as 1 turned away refreshed, I saw dangling in an old spider's web—dead but undamaged, and surely a most unusual victim of those silken meshes—the large and handsome longicorn, Ty- lonotus bimaculatus, the only specimen I have ever taken. From now on'l was a botanist, and though I saw no signs -» of the Holly Fern, I had the good luck to find a little colony—three - or four plants—of Ebony Spleenwort in a grove of hemlock and cedar. Altogether, it was with great reluctance and a fast-de- clining sun that at last I tore myself away from the Glen and took the car to the monument. Here I spent two hours searching — for a wood where report had whispered to me of the Broad-leaved Beech Fern. © It was, thus, already dusk when, in spite of the very doubtful clue, I brought my search to a successful close and re- turned to my lodgings, tired but determined to have one more look in the morning for the apocryphal and probably long extinct Holly Fern of Foster's Flats. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 299 ae. Ea) Next day, in order to leave lots of room for my pocket lunch = as well as to compel constancy in my fern-search, I most foolishly behind. I spent all morning upstream working towards the Berens in a vain and tiring (or was it untiring?) search for seemed to have lost their fragrance, were crowded with eager _ guests in the bright sunshine. Thereisno plant, in my experience, so attractive to beetles as Ceanothus americana, and I have a long list of its guests in the shape of captures made on its blossoms; _ these were mostly of the Leptura and Typocerus genera of Longi- corn, but only a few days before I had added a new find among “Scarabs, Macrodactylus subspinosus, just because the New Jersey Tea was in a new locality; and no matter how old and familiar a blossom is, I always search it carefully in hopes of new finds, if I am in a new district. ~ Butalas! I had no collecting-bottle, nothing but a handkerchief and my Colgate’s drinking cup. For some little time I made no _ discovery beyond a variety (or possibly a new species) of Trichius, and soon the four corners of my handkerchief were knotted over _ specimens of this beetle and the whole handkerchief was redolent - of the strangely sweet—if pungent—scent the insect releases on _ capture—some of the tiger-beetles emit a similar volatile essence _ with the same sweet but searching odour. I was about a mile from the Glen when I happened on the first new beetle banqueting in the Tea blossoms—not only a new species, but a new genus; its extremely attenuate outline could - belong to nothing but Strangalia, and Strangalia it proved to be, _ Strangalia luteicornis. It was a happy entomologist, I can tell” mes. “YOu, who fitted the stopper of his drinking-cup over that jejune wee - little atomy, and a most unhappy entomologist who had to open e.. the same a score of times and coax a new capture in before any of oa ‘the inmates found an exit. Handling a basket of snakes, or driving . _ apig to market would be child’s play to that problem. But though nd 300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST sie. I lost two or three of the entire bag, it was a great catch that I emptied out into my cyanide bottle as soon as I got home: three ~ Strangalia luteicornis, four Leptura subhamata (allo), six Leptura cordifera, two Leptura dehiscens, and one Toxotus cylindricollis, besides not a few specimens of Trichius, Typocerus and Leptura — that I had taken occasionally before. : Two days’ sun-bath and about 30 hours of revelling among ferns, flowers and insects had made a new man of me, and now, — as I lay down the pen with which I have tried to call out of the past the spirit of my trip, dipping deep in the ink-well of mem- ory, it is my most ardent desire to repeat it all in the body next July, and following the lure of Bellamira, Tylonotus, or Strangalia, make one more rare new capture. ‘ ~ ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. | The 58rd Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at its headquarters in the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, on- Thursday and Friday, November 2nd and 3rd, and will be presided over by Mr. Albert F. Winn, President (Westmount, P. Q.). A popular lecture will be given on the Thursday evening in Massey Hall by Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the U.S. Bureau of - Entomology, Washington, D.C. “It is hoped that the members of the Society will endeavour to be present. Subscribers to the ‘‘Canadian Entomologist” are cordially invited to attend and to present papers. Members and — visitors .will be entertained at luncheon in the College Dining Hall at the noon hour each day. The Secretary will be greatly obliged if members and others will send him the titles of papers they wish to present (stating the length of time required for reading) as soon as they can, in order that the programme may be prepared in-due time; it will also be a convenience if members and visitors will notify him a few days before the meeting of their intention to be present. A. W. BAKER, Secretary. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 301 > ‘ Me GENERIC GROUPS IN THE MALLOPHAGAN FAMILY MENOPONIDE. a BY Gi. hobmoacasne STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNEA. ity the problem of the relationships of their hosts. It has ty been pointed out very. clearly by Kellogg and Harrison that the solution of the first problem may legitimatelybe used as an aid in the solution of the second;~ that the student of these . parasites may pos- sibly be able to throw some light upon certain ques- tions of the answers Outlines of one side of head of: A, Dennyus distinctus. to which the orni- B, Myrsidea yee (Kell); C, Pibige he ame eae eee : | Gniserlaius (P); D, Heleonomus miandrius (Kell.) thologists are at present in doubt. However, before this happy end can be achieved, it is necessary the classification of the Mallophaga themselves be placed a sound basis, something that, as it is becoming increasingly ent, has not yet been accomplished. The generic groups have in the past been recognized are entirely too broad ade- tély to express the needs of the situation. The old genera are r the most part really of family value, and many of them have uite recently been elevated to this rank; but the division of these nwieldly and complex groups into small and compact genera has oie, a family that includes nearly one-fifth of all the known . tember, 1916 302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Mallophagan species. The family contains a considerable number -of unrecognized generic groups, for the separation of which char- acters must be used that have heretofore been almost entirely neglected. Of these characters those to be found in the chetotaxy of the posterior femora are perhaps of first importance. The spines on the ventral face of these femora may be arranged in a series of ‘“‘“combs,”’ which are always associated with similar combs upon certain abdominal sternites, or they may be arranged in a distinct patch or brush, usually associated with similar brushes on the abdomen, or they may be irregularly arranged or entirely lacking. The taxonomic value of the combs has already been pointed out by Harrison in the case of Colpocephalum (in its restricted sense) and Tetrophthalmus, but the brushes have wae not, as yet, been noted in literature. Of probably secondary importance are other characters, in- cluding the presence of either a slit or notch in front of the eye, the segmentation of the thorax, the presence of heavy spines on, the ventral side of the head, the character of the chetotaxy of the abdomen, the genitalia of the males and the presence of peculiar structures in the gular region. Having in mind these characters, the group which this paper considers may be defined as follows. Menoponide with more or less distinct patches or brushes of — spines upon the ventral face of the posterior femora and upon certain abdominal segments.. Thorax three-segmented, usually distinctly so, although the mesothorax is sometimes much reduced. Head of a very characteristic shape, the temples very promiaees projecting well beyond the lateral margin. _ The following key will serve to distinguish the included genera: 1. Head with a distinct notch (not a slit) in the lateral margin just: before the eye... 3A a 2. Lateral margin of the head continuous to the eye...................8. 2. Femoral and sternal patches composed of spines which are distinctly smaller than those constituting the general cheto- taxy and are very closely crowded together. Genus Heleonomus, n. gen. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 303 _ Femoral and sternal patches small, composed of spines as large -- as those constituting the general chetotaxy, with which the _ ventral patches sometimes merge. Genus Actornithophilus, n. gen. Oesophageal sclerite and glands ap- parently lacking, second sternite ___ never with asters of heavy spines. Genus Dennyus Neumann. Oesophageal sclerite and glands present, although sometimes quite small; second sternite gen- erally with asters of heavy spines. S LPO. Genus Myrsidea Waterston. f > qn oan . | AN ~— _ Genus Actornithophilus, n. gen. Ma oe. Figs. 10c. 11, 131. \ (ui VY UD Menoponide with small, rather in- 1) lefinite patches of spines upon the the spines composing the patches as large as those constituting the general chetotaxy and sometimes merging with it. Thorax distinctly three-seg- clearly distinguishable. Head of a / ; characteristic shape, the anterior mar- oh Pinger A hls gin rounded, the temples very promi- ‘nent, their anterior margins nearly at right angles with the longitudinal axis of the body. Lateral margin with a distinct notch before the eye; this notch backed up by a small chitinous area. Oesophageal sclerite and glands present. _ Male genitalia apparently characteristic, consisting of a very long and slender basal plate, continuous distally with a lamina at the base of which the small paramera and slender endomera (?) are set. Species occurring, at least for the most part, upon Charadrii- _ formes (Laride, Alcide, Charadriide). _ Type of the genus, Colpocephalum uniseriatum Piaget. 304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST INCLUDED SPECIES. From Laride. Colpocephalum abboiti Kellogg. Colpocephalum crassipes Piaget. Colpocephalum epiphanes Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg. ; Colpocephalum fuscipes Piaget. Colpocephalum incisum Piaget. Colpocephalum latifasciatum Piaget. Colpocephalum maurum Nitzsch. Colpocephalum millerit Kellogg and Kuwana. (—C. incisum Piaget. ?) Colpocephalum sulcatum Piaget. From Alcide. Colpocephalum perplanum Kellogg and Chapman. From Charadriidez. Colpocephalum bicolor Piaget. Colpocephalum cornutum Giebel. Colpocephalum fumidum Kellogg. Colpocephalum gracile Piaget. Colpocephalum grandiceps Piaget. « Colpocephalum kilauensis Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum morsitans Kellogg. Colpocephalum ochraceum Nitzsch. Colpocephalum ocularis Carriker. Colpocephalum petulum Kellogg and Kuwana. Colpocephalum patellatum Piaget. Colpocephalum pustulosum Piaget. Colpocephalum spinulosum Piaget. Colpocephalum stictum Kellogg and Paine. Colpocephalum tigrum Kellogg and Paine. Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg. Colpocephalum umbrinum Piaget. Colpocephalum uniforme Piaget. Colpocephalum uniseriatum Piaget. From Passerine Hosts. Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg. a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST - 305 Only ¢ those species of which it is possible to be practically aA _ tieve been referred to the genus, and doubtless others will later be Genus Heleonomus, n. gen. Figs. 10d, 12, 13e. Menoponide with very distinct patches.of spines upon the ventral face of the posterior femora and upon the 4th abdominal sternite, the spines composing the patches very numerous, ~ closely crowded together and distinct- ly smaller than those constituting the general chetotaxy. Thorax 3 - seg- mented, the meso-thorax small. Head of characteristic shape, the lateral margins slightly swollen above the bases of the antenne, the temples prominent, reclined with the anterior ( margin set at a very sharp angle to iene the longitudinal axis of the body. Lateral margin of the head with a deep notch just before the eye, this notch backed up by a large chitinous \ area. Oesophageal sclerite and glands quite characteristic, the basal plate extremely long and slender, the para- + Fig. 12.—Hel. landri ; , i ig. 12.—Heleonomus miandrius (Kell.), half curved sharply outward. A pair present. Male genitalia apparently ~ meres large and stout, with the distal | 306 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. of conspicuous, tubular chitinous structures present in connection with the preputial sack. Occurring, at least for the most part, upon Gruiformes. Type of the genus, Colpocephalum truncatum Piaget. INCLUDED SPECIES. From Gruide. Colpocephalum abdomi- nale Piaget. Colpocephalum assimile Piaget. Colpocephalum mian- drium Kellogg. Colpocephalum truncatum Piaget. Heleonomus confusus n. sp. - This little genus differs Fig. 13.—Genitalia, except basal plate of: E, Heleo- ; nomus miandrius (Kell.); F, Actornithophilus rather markedly in general timidus (Keil.). appearance from the pre- ceding, but the tangible characters upon which the two may be separated are few. The shape of the head and the character of the patches of spines, with the character of the male genitalia, are, however, sufficient to afford grounds for their separation. The males of three of the species are before me, and the genitalia of these three are all of the same peculiar type, so it may be assumed that they are the same throughout the genus. Superficially the genus very closely resembles another group (Colpocephalum sens. str.), which occurs upon the same hosts, but — which is marked by the presence of combs of. spines upon the posterior femora. For this reason it is unsafe to refer species to the new génus without knowledge of this character, which has been entirely overlooked in most descriptions. Only those species of which there can be no doubt (four of them are before me) have been referred to the new genus. The figures are of H. miandrius (Kel.), an entirely typical member of the group. Te ES 7 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 307 Heleonomus confusus, n. sp. a. Colpocephalum miandrium (in part) Kellogg, Rept. Kilimand- __ jaro Exped.; No. 15, pt. 4, p. 53 (1908). on This species has already been described as the female of Hf. miandrius (Kel.). One of the two specimens at hand is a male or in which the genitalia are very weakly developed, this fact, and their presence upon the same host, having led to the confusion of this species and H. mian- drius. - Host, Balearica regulorum gibbericeps (Africa). tha Eos, ‘ editor reads painstakingly, glossary in hand. The casual And yet every editor, while on the one hand trying to do his duty by stritt Science (no matter how dry), makes his best effort 330 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST that the magazine be readable by the greatest possible number of subscribers. He tries to balance his subjects, so that there are no superabundance dealing with any one order. Most amateurs ~ are interested in the Lepidoptera, but papers on this order con- taining new material are very scarce. The greatest number of students are collectors of the Coleoptera, but it takes a year to — prepare a synoptic table of beetles.which the reader disposes of in ten minutes. The additions to the sum tota! of human knowl- edge are more in the lesser known orders, Diptera, Hymenoptera and the minor ones. Of all these there are few amateurs to read. So, in the effort to please as many as possible, one succeeds in pleasing almost no one. On this particular editor’s desk there have lain letters from well over a thousand entomologists or collectors of insects. Less than one per cent. contain praise of some article. Fifteen per cent. come from professional entomologists, most of them demurring against further subscription. The leading authority on grass- hoppers does not subscribe, because the few grasshopper papers are sent to him anyway by the friendly authors, and he does not wish to burden his bookshelves with matter concerning crickets or rcaches. The economic entomologists are too intent on their own useful observation of some pest to read anything whatever, much less identify a species. They send to Washington” to have that done. Eighty per cent. of the letters on the editor’s desk are from amateurs. There are many of them, if only there was a way to reach and talk with them. In 1823 a list of butter- fly collectors in Great Britain contained 18,000 names. Here in North America a popular, rather expensive, highly illustrated butterfly book has reached a sale of something like 90,000 copies. - A few per cent. of these readers have come in contact with some entomological magazine. The burden of their speech is pretty much the same throughout. The Canadian Entomologist, the Brooklyn Bulletin, and all the rest, are too far above their heads, too technical, too hard to understand, containing too little to help them identify the species they have caught. One cannot read without having learned the alphabet. How many of our collectors have more than a single book to teach ‘a ‘ 4 4 . F. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 331 n the fundamental principles? In a magazine of few pages is no room for repetition of the rudiments. We ourselves yt comprehend how any one can be willing to stick a pin sh an insect without possessing a short shelf of books to what it is, why it is, how its life is passed, what are its relation- _ The writer recalls perfectly his own first entomological ences. A little girl in frail health had been taught by an brother to collect and try to study. To help her the writer the net and pursued butterfly and dragonfly. The first ng came the first earnest perusal of the first book. It was tock’s Manual. It gave the order and the family, and had | uts illustrating typical forms. At each chapter there was a ui second-hand bookshop should be buieht and eaey oes The a ‘Henry G. McCook many years ago wrote a duodecimo called Phe Tenants of an Abandoned Farm.” The wood-cuts were others. A few years ago a new edition appeared, with some ; and a different title. All these preach the sermon of the te beauty of the great All Out Doors. i ig of the New York or the Brooklyn Entomological Society or peaiericed thither by some book. Chief among em 332 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST other enthusiast who searched the uttermost corner of the globe for some rarity of which he could know nothing except a scientific name applied by some subsequent taxonomist. Every human being conscious that God gave him eyes with which to see may well — start his bookshelf with: some vclume of Fabre. Sir John Lubbock kept for many years a little nest of ants between two sheets of glass until he learned to distinguish each — individual by sight. His works, although severely scientific, read easily as fiction. Get, then, your library, your two-foot shelf of priceless books. Little by little pass from primer to second and third readers. A few good books are designed for young people, but are fully as interesting to grown-ups. Such a one is Beard’s American Boys’ Book of Bugs, Butterflies and Beetles. It can easily develop the collecting habit. Then comes a booklet pub- lished by the American Museum of Natural History in New York, How to Collect and Preserve Insects. It costs but ten cents. The work of almost every country collector is rendered almost ‘valueless for scientific purposes by ignorance of simple methods of care. To any one progressing thus far some text book on Entomology becomes a necessity. On the-editor’s table stand four such, each having some distinctive interest, although covering the same theme, —Guide to the Study of Insects by the late Asa Packard of Brown University, of which there have been many ‘editions; Economic Entomology, by the late John B. Smith, ,of Rutgers College; Manual for the Study of Insects, by J. H. Comstock, of Cornell _ University; and Entomology with Reference to its Biological and Economic Aspects, by J. W. Folsom, of the University of Illinois,—Blakinson. There can be-no choice ‘between these four leading ‘text books. All are most readable. Chacun a son gout. Differing very slightly, perhaps a little less compre- hensive, but with more detail in spots is American Insects, by Vernon C. Kellogg, of the University of California. Of the Cam- bridge Natural History, volumes V and VI treat of Insects, by Dr. Sedgwick and Dr. David Sharp. In this the specific examples, given are British or world-wide. To fill even a two-foot shelf possibly next consideration should THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 333 given to the economic aspect. Three cover much the same nd, all finding favour on the editor’s table, for the independent ations glorify all of them:—Manual of Fruit Insects, Slinger- and Crosby, of Cornell; Insect Pests of Farm, Garden and rd, by D. Sanderson; and Agricultural Entomology by t Osborn, of the University of Ohio. The New York ‘Museum issued two ee volumes on Insects Affecting but this monumental work may be now a little fad to 4 a on the shelf of working library comes works on particular ; Most of he are somuewhat expensive, for colour plates of Natural History booklet, Our Seniieers Butterflies, ctly workable and costs only fifteen cents. The standard n Butterflies of North America is by W. J. Holland. Its peptes will serve for identification of species, except in the ppers’”’ and some of the more obscurely marked Nymphalide. collector of Hesperiidee must consult some specialist in the ‘millers"’ are represented by about half the number of dis- y known species (the whole being too voluminous) and from t identification, however, one must ddniks farther. There are e groups of Noctuid moths, scientific knowledge of which is woefully incomplete. No good book exists on the thousands cies of the Microlepidoptera, of which probably one-half are yet known to Science. A-synoaymical catalogue of all known ie sepeniers was pecpared rae H. G. Dyar and stait a «eenanshang sent, to an sine of legislators who ag ling for them, and within a few months “out-of print” vs t Pian 334 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for the entomological students to whom the volume is of priceless value. An “Insect Book,” by L. O. Howard, U. S. Government Entomologist, with full quota of coloured plates, was published to include all orders except Lepidoptera and beetles. It is no reflection upon Dr. Howard to say that this work is unsatisfactory, since it had to be made uniform with others fer the publishers, and so had to cover in the single volume a field requiring at least ten volumes to be essential to even a four-foot book shelf of working library of a Nature lover. However, it is well worth owning. As it covers a field in which many hundred thousand species exist, it is not a guide to identification even to the genera. Uniform is the Spider Book, by J. H. Comstock, combining exact science and popular readability. Its illustrations are equal . to the others of the series, and it serves well for identifications “of species. A number of spider books by J. H. Emerton have mostly wood cuts, but well made, and with clearly written text. They are inexpensive. A work of highest scholarship ard popular - interest is the Ant Book, by Wm. Morton Wheeler. No work on the subject compares with it for completeness or offer of correct identifications. On the Diptera (the true flies) there is one good book, by S. A. Williston. In this enormous field final identifications are impracticable. A Catalogue of Described Diptera, by }. M. _ Aldrich, was a Smithsonian publication, remarkable for its accuracy in a little known field, but it suffered ‘the same fate as Dyar’s — catalogue of Lepidoptera and second-hand copies command a large price. There is no goed work on the Heciniene: or true bugs. The manuals of entomology give good chapters: An excellent check-. list of the Hemiptera, by E. P. Van Duzee, has just been published by the New York Entomological Society, but, of course, a list does not contain facilities for identifying species. A definitive and popular work on the Hymenoptera is also impracticable since they are not easily pictured, and since the number of species. is enormous, a large fraction of the smaller parasitic forms not yet being known. Thus far there has been no mention of beetles, although that THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 339 — > let is the prime favorite among collectors. There are about 0 recognized forms in North America. To illustrate even a ter of them in colour is a task that no publisher would risk. ers would be needed in addition.. The insects range in from two inches to one-fiftieth of an inch. It has remained e Beetles of Indiana. While it is confined to actual records the State it is a fairly good workable list for all the country of Florida and east of the Mississippi. It does not include evils, but a book is shortly to be published by Leng and ley to cover this group of the Eastern United States and a. Identification of beetles must depend on the highly ~ cal original descriptions and compatison with proved speci- s. Even the checklist of them, Henshaw’s Checklist of the tera, has been out of, print for six years; and a successor e is painfully slow in coming. American beetle study is at fty years behind Europe. The great work on classification onte and Horn was published in 1883 and went out of print, overnment publications generally, soon afterwards. It is hly, technical to be read without a glossary and deep pre- knowledge of the subject. ‘haps in the list of general. works there might be included ossary of Terms used in Entomology, by John B. Smith, is volume, while necessary to every advanced student or r, is not really needed by those who wish to read (even ustively) the list of popular works quoted above. lut of this list of about twenty volumes recommended as e importance or interest, one can get a splendid education th e possession of two, leaving the rest to be acquired at leisure, at all. One must be a general Manual of Entomology, the ‘some volume devoted to the special field of one’s choosing. eover no books can be more fasvinating than these to any who has love for the great All Out Doors. The more you have, the more you read diligently, the more enjoyment life shall have — for you. : ; ; 336. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GENUS ACHRYSO- CHARELLOIDEA GIRAULT IN NORTH AMERICA. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. This omphaline genus is characterized by the two grooves on the scutellum and the 4-jointed club. As regards the latter, there is uncertainty in the following new species; for the distinct terminal spine of the club, although ‘‘jointed’’ or constricted at about its middle, is not articulated, and the club must, therefore, be called 3-jointed with a terminal spine. This throws doubt on the genotype as regards this character. Its description should be verified. I had no opportunity to re-examine the type. The genus structurally is very similar to Gyrolasella of the Elachertini, but the body is metallic and the postmarginal vein is slightly longer than the stigmal but not nearly half the length cf the marginal. Besides, its habitus is that of Chrysocharis; resembling also Diaul‘nopsis. Marginal vein a little shorter than the sub- marginal or subequal to it. Achrysccharelloidea albiscapus, new species. Female.—Length 0.75 mm. Aeneous green, the fore wings lightly jucies throughout. Scape white, the legs golden yellow except. the coxa. Scaly- reticulated, the scutellum more finely so, the postscutellum and propodeum subglabrous, the latter with weakly indicated median and ‘‘lateral”’ carine (‘‘lateral carina’ just laterad of the small spiracle). Pedicel intermediate between the funicle joints in length, 1 a little longer than wide, 2 quadrate; club somewhat longer than the funicle, its joints no longer than the funicle joints. Mandibles 4-dentate. Marginal cilia of fore wing somewhat longer than usual (not extremely short, not a seventh of the greatest wing width). Stigmal vein with a distinct neck. Parapsidal furrows distinct, nearly or quite complete. Caudal wings with about seven lines of discal cilia where widest, their longest marginal cilia distinctly longer than those cilia of the fore wing. Pubescence very sparse. Caudal tibial spur single, small. Described from one female taken in the woods at Hillmead (Glenndale), Maryland, Prince George County, April, 1916. Type.—Catalogue No. 20298, U.S.N.M., the female on aslide. October, 1916 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 337 s;CRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME ~ CHALCIDOID HYMENOPTERA—II. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. Eurytoma pachyneuron, new spccies. le—Length 1.16 mm. with the type of crassineura Ashmead except as fol- _ The legs are reddish brown except most of the caudal d and a spot on the caudal coxa, also most of the middle the caudal femur. more or less centrally above; the “vein is somewhat longer; funicle 1 is much slenderer rer, over thrice longer than wide at apex (in crassineura 9 twice longer than wide); funicle 2 is twice longer than ly a third longer than wide in the other species) ; the maller; the median channel of the propodeum is single e and wider in the other, no median basin in either). Tegule, edge and proximal half of scape, reddish yellow. Um- _ punctate. Petiole short. Abdomen polished above. cribed from one female reared in connection with Jsosoma, e, California (T. D. Urbahns). 2 atalogue No. 20821, U.S. N. M., the above female - , the wings, caudal legs and antenna on a slide with an of type crassineura female. second female from Halliday, Utah (C. W. Creel) but differ- ving the sides of the median channel very finely punctate, rginal, postmarginal and stigmal veins subequal, the Jong. Club solid. Funicle 1 a little longer than wide, ar, 3-5 each a little wider-than long. Caudal tibial spurs Pi ikerwise as in Eurytoma. Generic characters are the ub and not otherwise. Type examined. Decatomidea cooki Howard. his isa varicoloured species of Eurytoma and is characterized es colours) by bearing a rounded, densely, finely punctate , EN TTT OEY PET ES AT SN HT os sis P 5 ; . * 4 S 2 j= * ' ae ie Pe Je x, ¥ f it, ‘3 > 338 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST \~ median basin without a median channel through it? Type ex-— amined. _Eurytomocharis eragrostidis Howard. Congeneric with minuta but the venation as in typical Eurytoma; marginal vein a third longer than the stigmal, the latter somewhat shorter than the postmarginal. A varicoloured species. Funicle 1 one-third longer than wide, wider distad, 2 quadrate. Type examined. Eurytomocharis triodii Howard. A species of Eurytoma. Venation as in E. eragrostidis. Funicle joints subequal, each about two-thirds longer than wide, subequal to club 1. Abdomen lanceolate, its petiole very short. _ Propodeal _basin finely, densely punctate and with a flat bifoveate median channel through; elsewhere, propodeum coarsely foveate. Type examined. Eurytoma minnesota, new species. Female—Differs from illinoisensis in having the median channel of the propodeum double for nearly the proximal half, the former is somewhat more slender and the abdominal petiole is longer, approaching quadrate. The species solenozopherie Ashmead has the abdominal petiole very short, the abdomen subsessile and the median channel of the propodeum is bifoveate at base only. The three species are very close. The species solenozopherie, however, has the median basin of . propodeum distinct caudad, there bounded by a V-shaped carina. Petiole finely scaly, tricarinate. The male has the cephalic tibiz more or less black; funicle 5-jointed. Described from two males, six females reared from quack, Olmsted, Minnesota (C. N. Ainslie). Types—Catalogue No. 20322, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens, minutien-mounted. - Bruchophagus borealis Ashmead. Genotype. The postmarginal vein is slightly longer than the stigmal, the latter than the marginal. Antenne as in Eurytoma, the club 2-jointed. Caudal tibial spurs double. Segment 2 of abdomen subequal to 4, longest, 5 a fourth shorter. Petiole much wider than long. Propodeum with a nonchanneled, large, concave THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST . 339 an basin which is finely, densely punctate. Otherwise as 1 - Eurytoma. From the female type. -The species funebris d differs in coloration but not much otherwise. In mexi- the marginal vein is distinctly longer than the short stigmal, he abdominal segments remain about the same as in the geno- the venation varies somewhat and mexicanus should be red with funebris which it closely resembles. However, ape is reddish at base ae the legs differ a little in colour. examined. male funicle is Lsaiatad and this fact with the shape ‘abdomen are the true generic differentials. _ Systolodes brevicornis Ashmead. Genotype. the generic label, but they were from Washington, D. C. original description of brevicornis, Ashmead himself states e two species are much alike. All other specimens placed r this genus by Ashmead were funebris or closely allied to one had the fourth abdominal segment greatly enlarged Ss subjectively to some astigmatic observers). The genus des is a subjective abstraction! Eurytoma binotata huhipead. e name of this Japanese species is preoccupied. The new nippon is substituted for it. 2 Rileya americana, new species. -Female—Length 2.75 mm. OT SL OPE y | ; lo men Esasprassed as in the genus. Pronotum longer than the Black, the wings hyaline, the venation brown, the legs (except #), scape and tegule reddish yellow, the tarsi, knees and tips ‘tibize whitish; abdomen dark reddish except dorsad and the stiole. Flagellum dark brown. Like cecidomyie Ashmead but ice ikzer segment 4 of the abdomen is not nearly half the of 5 as in that species, 3 is much curved circularly, not 340 « THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST transverse, 2 is a round, disk-like plate, the petiole is very short, subobsolete, while the coarse, isolated rugee on the propodeum are _ entirely different. Differs from piercei in the colour of the legs, the venation is longer in americana, the size much greater, pro- podeum different and so on. Scutellum with a rimmed apex : and an obtuse cross-ridge before the apex. Segment 5 of abdomen occupying over half the surface, the abdomen densely scaly except segments 2-3. Propodeum. with a pair of coarse, median ruge which are a little separated at base and parallel there for a short distance (joined by a cress-ruga a short distance out), then widely diverging’ to run disto-laterad (straight) then abruptly looped up toward the spiracle forming a large semicircle; from the point — of change to this loop, a straight, short ruga runs to the apex at the side of the neck (and between the two, one on each side, of these, are about three straight ruge; a V-shaped ruga runs cephalad from the apex of the loop). Propedeum densely scaly, punctate. Femora darker, reddish toward base. Club 3-jointed; funicle 1 somewhat longer than wide, 2, quadrate; ring-joint 1, quadrate, the others wider. Pedicel slightly longer than funicle 1. Described from three females in the collection of the U. S. National Museum labelled “'5140°. 9-7-91”. U.S. Types—Catalogue No. 20328, U. S. N. M., the above spaci- mens on tags and a slide bearing a caudal leg, a fore wing and an. antenna. Rileya hegeli, new species. Female—Length 1.00 mm. Golden yellow, the wings hyaline, the venation yellow, the. following black markings: Pedicel above at base, distal half ~ of scape above, flagellum (brown), scutum (except lateral margins except distad), pronotum distad acrcss meson for a width equal to the black of the scutum, upper centre of occiput, apex of ovi- positor, scutellum except lateral and distal margins and the meson of the abdomen broadly from base to beyond middle of segment 5. Postmarginal vein nearly as lonz as the marginal, over twice the length of the stigmal. Abdomen as incecidomyie but segment 4 transverse-linear, 5 occupying three-fourths of the surface, the petiole very short. Propodeum with a cross-carina between which run longitudinal ruge from base and from apex. Ring-joints THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 341 ~ pedicel as leak as fanicle 1. Pronotum shorter than e wing, caudal leg ante an nate ona aide: Microdontomerus anthonomi Crawford. Eitcsville, Mo., (G. W. Barber). Antenne 13-jointed with ring-joint; funicle joints subequal but 7 somewhat wider, each twice wider than long, shorter than the pedicel. The median a on the propodeum may be doubled or trebled. In three es from the above locality, it was single, double and treble. propodeum is more or less glabrous along the meson; it was - compressed. Asympiesiella india, new species. Daiie-Acrees with the description of the genotype except only the caudal coxa is metallic-at its proximal half, the scape vnish black except along the ventral margin, the propodeum uly, funicle 1 is only a third longer than 4 which is twice longer wide, the mandibles are 7-dentate; and the male differs in ag the caudal coxa (except at apex), the distal half of the al femur and the same of the caudal tibia, black; its scape except at apex, the white on the abdomen is confined to the ; and funicle 4 is not quite twice the length of the club, € latter subequal to funicles 3 and 5. Rami on funicles 1-3, the base of each, same side. ‘Head and thorax in both sexes scaly punctate. : Described from two pairs of each sex reared from GCracillaria a, the Tar Leaf-folder, Pusa, Behar, India, (T. B. Fletcher). ypes—Catalogue No. 20325, U. S. N. M., the specimens four slides with a female antenna of Sympiesis dolichogaster ‘species are congeneric. The validity of Asympiesiella must. Re AIAG ETI MGT EO, «8 uo) =. 5 oO c | ion fom ct a 2. : a oO ° 3 y: o ct oO pe) =} o. ct o yn QO pe) ee) oO > yD wn i?) = ° = a ate at the meson with one of the type females.. Fore _ 342 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST be left for later treatment. The genotype is shaped like dolicho- gaster and the generic differential may hinge on the greatly elongated abdomen, if the club of Sympiesis is not truly 3-jointed and the males do not differ generically. It will do no harm for the present to let them stand but if there is no true and real difference but only an arbitrary and dermal one, the two must be combined. Here are Australian, North American and Indian species which, super- ficially, are identical. é Pleurotropis longus, new species. Female—Length 2.75 mm. Characterized by the long abdomen which is depressed and conical, distinctly longer than the head and thorax combined; like perdubius but the abdomen is more slender and somewhat longer, its segment 2 is glabrous and somewhat longer, the tibia are black to tips, funicle 1 is more slender, thrice longer than wide, 2, twice longer than wide. Otherwise the same. Described from one female reared in connection with Jsosoma, 2 Lafayette, Indiana, (W. J. Phillips). Types—Catalogue No. 20326, U. S. N. M., the specimen on a tag, antenne and a pair of wings on a slide. : fe .Aphidencyrtus inquisitor (Howard). Many females from Myzus persice on peppers, Norfolk, Virginia, (D. E. Fink), October, 1915. Asaphes americana Girault. Norfolk, Virginia, September 3, 1915, from Aphis rumicis (D. E. Fink). The caudal coxe may be suffused with yellowish. Ormyrus unimaculatipennis, new species. Note—In Ormyrus the parapsidal furrows are distinct, that is, easily seen but they are delicate, not deep. It is an error to say there are no parapsides. However, these furrows are some-- times subobsolete. . Female—Length 2.35 mm. Dark mctallic green, the scape (except a little at apex ‘aticieel and legs (except the coxz), reddish brown, the caudal tibia black, the tarsi white. Fore wings hyaline but with a large, distinct, rectangular (a little longer than wide) fuscous spot under a little — less than the distal half of the marginal vein and which touches the apex of the stigmal and extends to the middle of the wing; th = Pg THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ 343 f ae vein somewhat longer than the nonsessile, curved, ign mal vein. Pedicel twice longer than wide at apex, nearly | gest yet subequal to 2: 6, twice wider than long; club with the ts (or two divisions) subobsolete. Second ring-joint larger han the first. Head and thorax finely cross-lined, the lines on 2 thorax not raised. Axilla, scutellum laterad and the pro- xdeum longitudinally lined, the thorax dorsad (except the pro- oc eh between the spiracles) with prostrate, long pubescence om scattered minute punctures. Propodeum with a pair of ly separated median carine. Abdomen glabrous at immediate e, roughly scaly elsewhere; line 1 of large punctures double sad, base of segment 3; 2, base of segment; 4, double;.3, base of segment; 4, inclined to be triple in places; no others; a median rina from base of segment 3 to middle of 5; segments 3-5 with a scalloped cross-ruga at about middle. Like the Australian ies. The basal of the two lines of punctures on abdominal segments is at first of half-punctures but these become more com- ete distad, complete in line 3. _ From one female on a tag in the U. S. National Museum from Louisiana (C. F. Baker). Type—Catalogue No. 20327, U. S. N. M., the foredescribed specimen and a slide bearing a yaa wing and an antenna. Habrolepoidea depressa, new species. Female—Length 1.15 mm. _ Body depressed, the ovipositor a little extruded yet distinctly 3 $0. Dark metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the legs coloured as in Aphidencyrtus aphidiphagus (Ashmead) from which this species differs as follows: The mandibles have the third tooth small, ‘subacute (bidentate but the broad second tooth is rather deeply meaved at apex), the frons is moderately broad, the form de- pressed, the marginal vein is subequal to the stigmal and post- marginal veins. Venation black. Body very finely, microscopic- ally scaly, shining, the axilla glabrous. Pedicel subelongate, much longer than any funicle joint; funicle joints subquadrate : but enlarging distad. Club wider than the funicle and three- _ fourths its length, obliquely truncate from base of joint 3. Scape with a distinct ventral exfoliation but this is not greatly convexed. 344 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST - In the male, the band on the middle tibia reaches to the middle, the scape has a distinct convex ventral exfoliation, the pedicel is — globular, the marginal vein shorter. The funicle is clothed with rather long, soft hairs, 1 twice longer than wide, 6 somewhat longer than wide; club solid, ovate, somewhat longer than funicle 1, _ hairy. “ Described from two males, three fenislen: reared from the eggs of Cyllene robinie, Morristown, Illinois, December 8, 1914, (J. _-R. Malloch). _ Types—Catalogue No. 20328, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens on tags, a head and fore wing of each sex on a slide. The species is like a Zooencyrtus except the shorter club in that genus. It may represent a new group. Aphidencyrtus — Ashmead may be retained as a group distinct from Habrolepoidea — only on the ground of a difference in mandibular shape. Syrpophagus quadrimaculatze Ashmead. A synonym of mesograpte. Types compared. Habrolepoidea tarsalis, new species. Female—Length 1.10 mm. “ Like depressa but differing as follows: The scape is cylindrical, slender, the vertex not thin (cephalo-caudad), the form is narrower (moderate in width), the thorax convex, the postmarginal vein- somewhat shorter than the stigmal, the scutellum finely longi- tudinally lined, the abdomen shorter, its ovipositor not extruded. Like aphidiphagus Ashmead but the mandibles with the third tooth acute, the scutellum with very fine longitudinal striation (instead of fine scaliness) and the venation is different. Funicle 1 a little longer than wide, 2 a half longer than wide, longest, 6 as long as 1 but wider. Club two-thirds or more the length of the funicle. | : Described from two females in the collection of the U. S. National Museum labelled “Encyrtus tarsalis Ashmead. Type. Indiana.” The species does not seem to have been described — before. _ Type—Catalogue No. 20329, U.S. N. M., the above females on tags, a head and fore wing on a slide. Oe. Ma te eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 345 _ REMARKS ON LYGUS INVITUS SAY, WITH DE- _ SCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES AND VARIETY OF LYGUS. (HEMIPTERA MIRID&). BY HARRY H. KNIGHT, ITHACA, N. yY.* _ The writer has spent considerable time during the past three easons making observations on the life history and food plants ‘many species of Miride and particularly in the genus Lygus. : writer is also concluding work on a monograph of the genus i Lygus, but for the benefit of certain economic workers interested in the forms here considered this small contribution is published ) advance. - In the past Lygus invitus Say has been the name generally plied to the members of a small group of species, which on careful ' study based upon distinctive structures furnished by the male _ genital claspers, are readily and consistently separated. Thomas Say described invitus in 1831 and in his usual style this early worker ~ brought out certain characters that will distinguish the species — from all others. After a careful study of some forty species of Lygus, wish to point out a distinctive combination of characters - mentioned by Say and not exhibited by any other form thus far ‘2 BE rciight to my attention. The following is taken from the original des ription: ‘‘C. imvitus—Dark livid or blackish; beneath green - with a blackish lateral vitta.’’ ‘‘Head . .-. with an im- ticket longitudinal line . . . scutel with a pale, obsolete vitta, beyond the middle. . . . beneath green, with a broad | Blgieral black vitta.”’ _ ___ After careful search for food plants I find that invitus breeds as on the elm, preferring always the young, thrifty plants with = succulent shoots. The. nymphs are pale greenish, hatching soon after the leaves come out in the spring from eggs that were in- Be scrted in the twigs the previous July. One can scarcely dis- tinguish the nymphs from those of the species described below - e and which is well known as a pest on the pear. The nymphs be care , however, smaller and more slender than those of the false bs pa * Pontribution from the Department of Entomology of Cornell University, October, 1 346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST tarnished plant-bug. In a previous article, (Jour. Ec. Ent., vol. 8, p. 296, 1915) the writer described the ~ manner of oviposition of the false tarnished , plant-bug which is the same insect as com- munis described below, while the reference to this species breeding on elm refers to~ the true invitus of Say. ae The male claspers of invitus show a close similarity to those of communis, Fie. 16. Lygus invitus DUt the practiced worker will note certain say, male genital claspers; Constant differences, and which are exhibited a, lateral aspect of the sinistral forcep; Pycinitral in the drawings (figs. 16, 17). The absence pect; ¢, dextral forcep dis of a spine on the inner curve of the dextral forcep of invitus will distinguish this species at once from communis. : Lygus communis n. sp. Easily distinguished from invitus by the two black rays on the disk of the pronotum and by reddish in the lateral stripe on the body. Differs structinely in not having the impressed longitudinal line ; on the vertex and in the form of the male claspers. Male—Length 5.5 mm. Head: width across the eyes, 36*; width be- tween eyes, 15; length (lateral measure- ment) 14; height at base, 22; yellowish brown or greenish marked with reddish; — basal half of the tylus, arched portions » of the juga, lore, and buccule marked with reddish, also the front frequently marked with red in the form of trans- Pig sek clasp eat tee verse lines; apical half of the tylus dark fii Sah fae ee Pas brownish to fuscous; vertex full, with-.. oot! forcep,” eae een out an impressed longitudinal line as in invitus, but having a slight triangular, flattened space just before the carina; eyes dark brownish, sometimes faded to pale on the * Measurements for the head, antenne and pronotum are given in micrometer readings which for comparison are more useful than multiply =a in millimeters. To reduce these measurements to millimeters tiply by .0285. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 347 "Antenne: segment I, length 20, greenish, frequently darkened © with brownish; segment II, length 70, dark brownish to fuscous, ments with very fine, pale yellowish pubescence. Pronotum: length 33, width at bas2 62, apex 32, width of llar 24; greenish, darkened with brownish on the basal half, o blackish rays on the disk, one behind each callus, in the darkest ‘specimens extending across the calli, widening behind and nearly reaching the basal margin; coxal cleft marked with reddish, sides just posterior to this much darkened; disk shining, very finely and closely punctured, the punctures more or less transversely confluent especially on the basal half. Scutellum greenish darkened with brownish, transversely rugose; specimens maturing on Ilex and Cornus frequently have a longitudinal median fuscous line. Sternum pale beneath with the sides reddish as are the lateral parts of the meso- and metathorax. _ Hemelytra: greatest width 2.3 mm., tlosely and minutely punctured, with fine yellowish pubescence; dark brownish to a ae darker on oe apical half of the corium and across the tip Sent, the whole apical half quite reddish; Sabie greenish, . sometimes slightly darkened toward the tip, spines pale brownish, tarsi yellowish to brownish, darker at the apex. Venter; pale greenish beneath, a broad lateral band and the Yee genital segment, dark reddish with brownish. The male claspers 348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are distinctive for the species (fig. 17). The spine shown on the dextral forcep is not present in invitus, and is usually visible in pinned specimens without dissection. ) _ Female—Slightly broader and more robust than the male, does not differ materially in coloration though usually paler than the male. This is the species commonly known as the false tarnished plant-bug, and isa destructive species to the cultivated pear. For an account of the life history see Parrott and Hodgkiss 1913*. The species is found most commonly breeding cn Cornus, particu- larly C. stolontifera and C. paniculata. 1 have also reared speci- mens from Cornus alternifolia and Ilex verticillata, and taken general specimens on the prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum). The type specimens were collected by the writer on pear near Batavia, N. Y., July 4, 1914. > Paratypes: 67 specimens taken on pear, June 16 to Aug. 8, Batavia; 35 specimens from Cornus stolonifera, June 14 to Aug 6, Batavia; from Cornus paniculata, 5 specimens June 21, 10 speci- mens Aug. 1, 6 specimens Aug. 10, Batavia. From Cornus alterni- — folia, 16 specimens, June 25 to 29, Batavia; 3 specimens, June 25, Wyoming, N. Y.; 8 specimens, June 21, Portage, N. Y.; 3 speci- mens, July 27, McLean, N. Y.; from /lex verticiliata, 15 specimens, June 21, Batavia, N. Y. Miscellaneous specimens: 16 from near Batavia, N. Y., June 25 to 29; 7 specimens, June 27, Portage, N. Y.; 5 specimens, July 5, Four Mile, N. Y.; 2 specimens, June 13, and 3 specimens, July 24, Ithaca, N. Y.; 3 specimens, June 23, Conesus Lake, N. Y., all collected bythe writer. Specimens from other collectors: 2, June 25, Spring Brook, N. Y.; &, July 2, Hamburg, N. Y.; & @, July 20, Salamanca, N. Y.; o*, June 30, Bretton Woods, N. H., collected by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee; 2 oo June 22, Bennington, Vt.; &@ 2 July 15, Eastport, Me.; Q, July 12, Capens, Me.; 2 oo’, July 15-24, Glen House, N. H., collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Male specimen from Fort Collins, Colo., Aug. 1, with an unusual amount of ree on the body beneath. : * The False Tarnished Plant-bug as a Pear Pest. New York Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 368. an ar ~ a: rg a2 \@ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 349 Lygus communis var. novascotiensis n. var. Paler and more ae slender than the typical communis but not differing materially __ inthe male claspers. Breeds abundantly on apple in Nova Scotia; but in New York I have been unable to take anv form of communis on the apple. Length 5.3 mm., greatest width 2 mm., more slender and much _ paler than the typical communis; the two black rays on the pro- ~ § notum small but distinct; -+hemelytra more yellowish brown than fuscous; lateral stripe of the body reddish or darkened with fuscous. This is one of the varieties or races of communis which may be worked out from the forms inhabiting different plants, and perhaps influenced somewhat by different external conditions. Described from several specimens received from Mr. Wm. —H. Brittain, of Truro, Nova Scotia, collected from apple at Kent- _ ville, Wolfville, and Smith’s Cove, Nova Scotia, July 6 to 28, 1915. GEOMETRID NOTES. On THE GENUS XANTHORHGOE Hus. © (PETROPHORA Hvs.). BY L. W. SWETT, WEST SOMERVILLE, MASS. The names Xanthorhée Hiib. and Peirophora Hiib. have been used interchangeably, but Petrophora Hiib. (‘‘Tentamen,’’ 1805) .. : has priority over Xanthorhéde Hub. (Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816). The majority of European specialists are dropping the use of the “Tentamen’’ as they regard it more or less in the nature of a circular letter of doubtful date and place. Those who care to go farther into the matter should consult the excellent work of L. B. Prout and C. D. Sherborn (Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, vol. IX, Jan., 1912); als» Scudder (Proc. Am. Bead. Sci., vol. X, pp. 91-2938, 1875), C. H. Fernald (Amherst, Mass., 16 pp., 1905), and Sherborn and Durant (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser..7, Vol. II, pp. 491-495, Dec., 1898.) The first species I propose to consider is defensaria Guen. ~ Spec. Gen.,vol. X, p. 411, 1857; also Packard, Monograph, p- 149, 1876). This species was described from a male taken in California. Guenée says ‘‘near munitata Hiib. and especially convallaria, but more obscure,’’ etc. The form that agrees most closely with this description—and I have examined some 400 October, 1916 350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST specimens, including those of my own collection, that of Mr. E. H. Blackmore, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Mass., and the American Museum of Natural History, New York—is the male with a dark, greyish outer border on the fore wings anda rather indistinct, brownish median band, beyond which are rows of triple dots on the veins, with traces of wavy lines. The female differs from the male in that the band is of a solid, dark, reddish-chocolate colour, the outer border is dark fuscous gray, and the hind wings are darker basally and have several undulating lines but not so many as the fore wings. When these wavy lines are rubbed they show only as points on the veins, and it was doubtless a rubbed specimen that formed the basis - of Guenée’s description. Both the male and the female belong to what I term the normal summer form, occurring from: July 3 to August 30, according to my series. Xanthorhée defensaria in all its forms can be separated from convallaria in that the basal line of the latter has a very strong, regular, outward curve, where in defensaria it runs almost straight, in a more or less shaded line, to the inner margin. They average between 20 and 25 mm. in expanse in my series, only one or two measuring below 20 mm. and about the same number over 25 mm., but none above 27 mm. I think this typical, normal, summer form with the gray outer margin can be readily recognized by this description. I - have specimens of it from British Columbia and California. This typical form represents the second brood, there being an early spring brood which I shall discuss later. There are several varietal forms of the summer brood. Packard (Proc. Boston’ Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. XIII, p. 398, 1871) describes ‘‘Xanthorhie (Coremia) californiata, one female, Edwards, from California’? as new. In the material studied there is a specimen bearing this label and a small, round, punch label, “‘ No. 1385.’’ Beneath this on a large label is written “figured in Monog.” in Packard’s handwriting. This is undoubtedly Edwards’ female, from California, and is — not a variety of munitata Hiib., but of defensaria Guen. (See Packard’s Monograph, p. 137, 1876). He evidently mixed munttata Hiib. and defensaria together, as he remarks on the peculiarities of the Labrador specimens. The specimen of californiala Pack. a a ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST __ 351 (pl. VIII, fig. 67) which is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and undoubtedly represents the type, is the bright, red-banded form with gray outer margin to the fore wings. Hulst (Can. Ent., vol. XXXII, p. 104, 1900) described a very similar form as Xanthorhée (Hydriomena) amorata from two specimens. Dr. Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. VI, p. 223, 1904) refers Hydrio- mena amorata Hulst, male and female, to defensaria Guen. “Mr. ~ J. Grossbeck (Ent. News, pp. 147, April, 1907) states that there are two forms, probably both females, and although he refers _ both of these to Xanthorhée (Peirophora) he retains the female 4 - with the bright, red, central band as the var. amorata Hulst, in view of the fact that it was so distinct. Evidently Dr. Dyar was in error when he said ‘‘male and female.”” In this var. amorata -Hulst, the fore wings have a bright, red-brown, central band and a normal gray, outer border. I see no reason why the name _ amorata Hulst should not fall before the older name californiata Pack. I have compared one of Mr. Grossbeck’s specimens with the type and, except that the central band is not quite so bright, ‘they are identical. It is a matter of individual opinion as to whether amorata is worthy of being retained to designate an in- _ termediate varietal form, or fall into the synonymy of californiata Pack. I am inclined towards the latter view. The next variety of the summer form to be considered is the melanic or black-banded form, which I previously described _as mephistaria Swett (Can. Ent., vol. XLVII, p. 157, May, 1915). _ There are a few errors here that I must have made in copying =. + the dates, and should be corrected, as follows:— Line 23, for Jan. 9 read July 9; line 24, for Feb. 3, read July 3. I doubt if any of these forms are ever found at such early dates as are thus erroneously given in this connection. This black-banded form is the same in size as the typical form and is represented in both sexes, whereas I have seen the bright, red-banded form, californiata Pack., only in the female, ' though I see no reason why males should not be found. I believe this range of coloration from reddish chocolate through light red ~ to black occurs in nearly all species of Xanthorhée, e.g., ferrugata _ Clere. and its black-banded var. wnidentaria Haw. 352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Still another extreme form of the typical defensaria Gn. remains without a name, and IJ propose to describe it as follows:— XanthorhGée defensaria Gn., var. conciliaria, var. nov. Expanse 23-25 mm. Wing pattern same as in normal defensaria Gn. except that the bands are a very deep reddish chocolate, the fore wings are basally yellowish and the outer margin is a reddish yellow or ochre. This yellow, suffused variety corre- sponds to the yellow variety of munitata, (hethlandica Prout). Doubtless this variation occurs in most of the Cidaria group allied to munitata Hiib. The white-banded spring form also shows this variation, but I think it does not differ sufficiently from conciliaria to receive a separate name. ' The dark-red, central band is lighter than normal and the wavy lines of the outer margin are present, but are reddish instead of fuscous. _ This variety is very distinct. I have it only from Victoria, B C., though no doubt it is common in Alaska. In some specimens the outer margin is entirely ochreous without markings except the marginal white line and two marginal white dots opposite the angle of the extradiscal line. Holotype-—o, Victoria, B. C., July 23, 1914, E. H. Blackmore; in my collection, received through the kindness of Mr. Blackmore. Allotype-— 2, Victoria, B. C., Sept. 18, 1913, in collection of Mr. E. H. Blackmore. _ Paratypes—1oh 69’s, Victoria, B. C. May, 14, 1914, to Aug. 26, 1914 and 1915, collection of Mr. Blackmore; also 5 9’s, Victoria, B. C., April 30 to Aug. 27, 1914 and 1915, Messrs. A. J. Croker and E. H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett. There is a possible third brood which is found in the late fall up to October Ist. This is very small and stunted, and there is a tendency for the median band to be very narrow. ‘The central band is of the same colour as in the normal male but is more solid and less distinct. This form is certainly worthy of a name and may be described as follows:— Xanthorhée defensaria Gn. var. thanataria, var. nov. Expanse 18-20 mm. The hands are of the same shape as in the normal form but tend to be very narrow. Basally the male is pale ashen without lines, the central band dark and almost solid, in some specimens showing irregular lines. Outer margin very THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 353 pale ashen without lines, except the irregular scalloped marginal lines and black, twin spots. Hind wings somewhat semi-diapha- nous, shaded with fuscous, with a pale extradiscal line basally. The females are of the same size and general appearance but the central band is lighter, being of about the same colour as in var. californiata Pack., sometimes with a yellowish tinge. Outer border light ashen, a little paler than the normal form, lines faintly discernible. I believe that a form corresponding to this is repre- sented in the other allied Cidarias. -Holotype.— , Victoria, B. C., Aug. 1, 1915, E. H. Blackmore; in my collection, received through the kindness of Mr. Blackmore. Allotype— 2, Victoria, B. C., Sept. 9, 1914; in collection of E. H. Blackmore. ae -Paratypes—3 3's 1 9, Victoria, B. C., Aug. 26 to Sept. 25, - 1913 and 1914, in collection of E. H. Blackmore; also 1 @ 1 9 from same locality, Sept. 5 to 25, 1913 and 1914, in my collection. This form is easily distinguished by its small size, lack of mark- ings and narrow median band besides the other points enumerated. Xanthorhée defensaria Gn., var. gigantaria, var nov. Under this name I propose to describe the typical early spring form, which may be easily recognized by its large size, heavy markings and wide bands. Expanse 27-31 mm. The male has the general appearance of the male of the smaller summer form but differs in the fol- lowing points:—Size much larger; median bands broader and heavier; basal line black or dark brown and_ very wide, in fact so wide that it generally merges with some part of the extradiscal line and gives somewhat the appearance of a more or less suffused median band. In the normal defensaria the basal band appears to start, as a-rule, below the costa, but in the present variety it runs from costa to inner margin. The _- & holotype has no lines on the outer border, merely a few black points on the veins. There is the usual irregular marginal white line, beyond which the outer margin is dark. In some of the other specimens, however, the outer border varies from the normal «gray, with many wavy lines, to a slightly yellowish shade; but the latter is uncommon. ‘The female is as large and as striking as the male, the median 354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST band is extremely wide and very dark and heavy. Between the basal band and the extradiscal the wing is so dark that only a broad, dark, intermediate band can be discerned. The median band ig very deep reddish cholocate in colour. The outer border appears to be almost as in normal defensaria except that the lines are heavier. The hind wings of both sexes seem to have a slightly more yellowish shade than in the normal form, particulaily in _ the female, which in normal defensaria, is quite dark ashen. Be- neath there appears to be little difference except that the lines are heavier in the variety. This form does not appear so commonly in collections as one might expect, possibly because collectors neglect to start their work early enough in the season. One would hardly imagine this form was defensaria unless. it were seen in series. Holotype-—¢%, Cowichan Bay, B. C., April 26, 1906, in my collection, received through the kindness of Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. Allotype—@, Victoria, B. C., May 10, AON fi collection of. Mr. E. H. Blackmore. -Paratypes—5 o's, April 21 to May 8, 1914 and 1915, 4 of them in Mr. Blackmore's collection, the fifth (with a somewhat intermediate, reddish, outer border; without date of capture) in the Victoria Museum collection; 2 @’s, Duncans, B. C., April 22, 1914, Victoria, B. C., April 25, 1914, E. H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett; 2 Q’s, Victoria, B. C., April 25 and. 30, 1914 and 1915, E. H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett; 5 @2’s, Victoria, B. C., April 22 | to May 20, 1914 and 1915, in coll. Blackmore. Another very interesting variety of this spring form, which’ I believe to be a case of melanism, is the followinz:— Xanthorhée defensaria Gn., var. suppuraria var. nov. Expanse 25-27 mm. The malc has light ashen fore wings with very faint, wavy lines on the outer border and a very wide, black or reddish-black central band, nearly twice as broad as in var. _ mephistaria Swett.’ The female is similar to the male, except that the outer margin is of a pale, flesh colour with only the twin, black dots showing strongly. The hind wings are of rather a pale ashen colour and thin in texture, though not so much so as in var. thana- taria Swett. % ke pe yy tk —_ °; a 2 AOD I eee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 355 Pan = f more, Swett. This appears to be a rare form and is much like mephistaria ; - Swett except for the differences noted, viz., the wider, heavier 2 ag -median band and different shade of colour. In this variety, as. Be E black, and the extradiscal and intradiscal lines can barely be seen. - Holotype—, Victoria, B. C., April 25, 1915, E. H. Black- ° in coll. - Allotype— 9 , Victoria, B.C., May 2, 1915, in coll. Blackmore. Paratypes—', Victoria, B. C., April 25, 1915, in coll. Black- more; #, Victoria, B.C., June 2, 1914, E.H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett. This includes all the forms of Xanthorhée defensaria that might lead to confusion and they are connected by every intergradation, 4 ‘but I think it worth while only to describe the extreme forms, _ where I have a good series. Summary of the varieties of Xanthorhée defensaria Guen:— Time of appearance Med. band of fore wing. Outer border or outer third of fore wing. ’ Hulst. Var. californiata .?—amorata Var. conciliaria Swett. Var. mephistaria Swett. thanataria . Var Sw ‘ Var. gigantaria Swett. - Var. suppuraria Swett. 3—Aug. (summer fein: July 31. July 3—Sept. 4. (summer form). July 23— Sept. (summer form). June 6—Aug. 4, (summer. form). 1—Sept. 18. Aug. 25. . (Chiefly Sept.—fall or form).|( late summer April 20—May 22. (spring form). April 15—May _ 2. (spring form). Reddish chocolate ( 9), Light brown suffused with blackish (<7). Bright reddish brown o unknown, probably like typical orm, ~o mo #0 Reddish cinereous, al- most blackish (o @). Solid black or reddish black (oc Q). Very narrow, lighter thantypical, small sized a8). Very wide, dark reddish brown (o’), dark red- dish brown to cinereous reddish black (o@ 9). Dark gray. Light gray. Ochre basally). yellow, (also Light ashen gray. Pale ashen, almost without markings, more or less diaphanous. Dark gray. © Very wide black. or) Pale ashen gray, some- ‘times ochreous tinge. eg These times of appearance are only approximate but give \ t the dates of my series. -Whether thanataria Swett is a late summer é form or a third brood is a question which can only be answered 3 ey breeding. 356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST I believe these forms will be easily recognized, and fewer mistakes will be made in the future. Packard evidently did not have a clear conception of Xanthorhée munitata Hiib., or defensaria Guen., for he mixed the species badly on plate VIII of the Monograph. Fig. 66 of this plate does not represent munitata Hiib., as Packard states, but male defensaria Guen. Fig. 67 of the same plate is not munitata var., as stated, but female defensaria, probably var. californiata Pack. X. munitata Hiib., has the intradiscal line strongly outcurved, where in defensaria it is nearly straight. Fig. 72, Pl. VIII, of the Monograph, appears very close to munitata, but there is always a doubt when figures are uncoloured. Dr. Dyar discusses X. defensaria in Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. X XVII, pp. 779-938, 1904. Mr. Wolley Dod com- pares defensaria and munitata in Can. Ent., vol. XXXVIII, p. 254, 1906. -In-conclusion, I wish to thank Mr. E.‘H. Blackmore for the loan of specimens and valuable assistance, and: Mr. H. Weiss for — useful information and assistance in comparing X. amorata Hulst with defensaria Guen. SOME MUSICAL ORTHOPTERA* AT CLARENDON, VIRGINIA. BY H. A. ALLARD, WASHINGTON, D.C. Miogryllus saussurei Scudd. In June, 1914, the writer cap- tured several individuals of this small cricket in the short, matted grass of the dooryard of his home. These: crickets appear very shy and are rather solitary in their habits. Their stridulation is a brief, rather faint, high-pitched, intermittent trill—tiiiii, tiiiii, tiiiii, tiliii—very much resembling the intermittent trills of some species of Nemobius. Anurogryllus muticus DeGeer. In early June, 1914, the writer found great numbers of these crickets in a small pine grove on a hillside just behind Mr. Able’s house near Vinsor’ Station. Lee * The Orthoptera listed in this paper were : eaty identified by Mr. A. N. Caudell of the U. S. National Museum. sy October, 1916 a Pa es oe ee ; a 2 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 357 crickets appear to be somewhat arboreal in their habits, and were always seen upon the trunks of the pines from one foot to eight feet above the ground. They were never observed upon the ground, unless disturbed and forced to leap from the tree trunks. Very often several crickets could be seen upon the trunk of one small tree. The stridulations of these interesting crickets were heard about sundown and in the early part of the night. These crickets appeared to be very susceptible to weather changes and were heard only on very warm evenings. The trill is loud, continuous, high-pitched, very much re- sembling the trill of Gicanthus quadripunctatus or CGicanthus nigri- cornis. In fact, when the writer first heard these crickets he was inclined to believe he was listening to some species of Gicanthus. Although in early June, 1914, Anurogryllus’ muticus appeared to be very common in the pine grove mentioned, none were heard a month later. They were not heard in this grove in 1915. This species appears to be very uncommon in this region and has not been located at any other point. Nemobius carolinus Scudder. This tiny Nemobius is very common beneath the leaves and grass of the roadsides throughout the summer. Its stridulation is a weak, continuous trill indefinitely prolonged. Great numbers of these crickets were trilling every-' where beneath the herbage of the roadsides in 1915. They are persistent singers and may be heard throughout the night. In the coolness of the early morning they appear to be especially musical. They keep well concealed beneath the dead and matted herbage, and are exceedingly difficult to capture. Neoconocephalus robtistus crepitans (Scudder). This cone- headed grasshopper is a very common species around Clarendon, Virginia, in August. If the evenings are warm and humid, their stridulations’may be heard from sundown until well into the night. The stridulations of this insect are somewhat puzzling. Two well marked notes may be identified. The stridulations of the majority of individuals around Clarendon and Washington consist of a rather weak, continuous, snappy z-z-z-z-z-z. Occasipnally, however, other individuals produce an entirely different note which is exceedingly loud, penetrating, and continuous, with a + 358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST peculiar, droning, buzzing whirr, and may be heard for long dis- tances. So different are these notes that the writer was con- vinced he had captured another species. During the summer of 1915, several individuals of both groups were taken. Although — it was first thought that those individuals characterized by the stronger note were generally larger and possibly came closer to N. robustus robustus, it was finally decided to refer all to the form N. robustus crepitans. The question is not solved, however, and needs faire in- - vestigation. Such well marked differences cannot possibly be associated with temperature relations, as the two stridulations © may be heard in the same vicinity at the same time. The stronger note is far less commonly heard. Occasionally, stridulations somewhat intermediate between the two extremes may be heard. ; ' Rehn and Hebard* find that the N. robustus robustus and __N. robustus crepitans intergrade within very narrow limits (Ocean View, New Jersey; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) although — intermediate material has been found as far south as the District of Columbia. It is interesting to note that Davis has noted | differences in the stridulations of the two forms; the stridulations of robustus appearing to be louder than the stridulations of crepitans. © Rehn and Hebard have noted a day song, or “‘sleep-song”’, for N. robustus robustus. They say: ‘‘This day song, or what might — well be termed, sleep song, is in reality a brief and drowsy impulse giving just sufficient energy to the act of stridulation to demon- strate the sound produced when the vibrations are not at full speed, the irregularity of the sound resulting from the same cause.” The writer has noted:a similar drowsy, half-hearted day song in the case of Neoconocephalus retusus (Scudder). It would be very interesting to determine to what extent hybridization could be brought about between typical.forms of ‘robustus and crepitans. It is possible that hybrid material would throw much light upon the exact status of these forms. * “A synopsis of the Species of the Genus Neoconocephalus~ found in North American North of Mexico.”” Trans. of the Am, Ent, Soc. Vol. XL, No, 4, p. 365-413. Eas THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 359 ‘NEW SPECIES’ OF NEW ENGLAND SARCOPHAGID.* BY R.R. PARKER, BOZEMAN, MONT. Ze : Sarcophaga bullata, n. sp. 1913. Sarcophaga georgina** Felt, N.Y.State Museum, Bull. 165, Rept. State Entomologist for 1912, pp. 80-82, pl. 7, figs., 1, 2 and 3}. Habitats; description of larval habits and of puparium. 1914. Sarcophaga s>, Parker, Can. Ent., vol. 47, p. 422. Related to S. cooleyi R. Parker. ih ypes—Massachusetts Agricultural College, one male, one female. _Faratypes—Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1 @, 1 9; United States National Museum, 1 @#, 1 2 (No. 19167); American Museum of Natural History, 2 o,3 9; Boston Society of Natural History, 2 o; Cornell University, 1 @%, 1 2; collection of J. M. : Aldrich, 1 o&, 1 »9; collection of writer, 6 o, 5 9. - - (#) ~Third antennal segment two and one-half to three = and one-half times length of second; anterior portion of cheek clothed with black, posterior with whitish hair; hairs fringing .. calypters dark at fold, otherwise whitish except that those on inner portion of margin of upper (anterior) calypter are often ‘dark; all tarsi shorter than their respective tibiee; anterior and posterior faces of pcsterior tibia with an equally strong beard of long, coarse, black hairs; hairy vestiture of lower surface of middle tibia increasing in length distally, short’ and not forming anterior and posterior’ beards; ventral surface of anterior coxa completely rows; only last two pairs of posterior dorsocentrals ‘strong; except at sides, second and third ventral plates clothed with short, de- cumbent hair; genital segments dull orange, first either with hair- like, or weak marginal bristles. * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts peuenrnta College. * Provisionally determined. 7 Figure 4. labelled as the genitalia of this species, is of Phormia regina (Meigen). October, 1916 - clothed with bristles that may be divisible into three irregular - | 360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (9) Third antennal segment two to three times length of second; anterior portion of cheek clothed with black, posterior with whitish hair; hairs fringing calypters dark at fold, otherwise™ whitish except that those on inner portion of margin of upper (anterior) calypter are often dark; ventral surface of anterior coxa with other bristles than those of the irregular rows at each side, sometimes more or less distinct row between them; only last two pairs of posterior dorsocentrals strong; abdomen clothed with short, reclinate bristles; genital segments slightly protuberant; the two broad, lateral lips of the first genital segment dull orange, near their edges usually turned abruptly backward (more protuberant), spiracles nearest to anterior margin: fifth segment not A ‘ : ne f es AAG Meet! a? and Atte : te cha eet tee nee wt ale ‘ < 3 “ . —t, TAS Sy 1 to a 9 it ee A Ae ee ee PP eae discernible, its spiracles when visible seem to open through lips of | -notum sixth (first genital segment); ventral plates of genital segments usually concealed. . Length—9 to 15 mm., average 12 to 14 mm. (@) Head—Viewed from side parafrontals and genz, with dark reflections. Breadth of front at narrowest part from one- ‘half to four-sevenths eye width; cheek height varies from one-third — to one-half that of eye. Front rather prominent, sides of frontal vitta usually parallel but often slightly convergent backward or the sides effaced just below ocellar triangle (especially in large specimens). Second antennal segment brownish at tip, rarely blackish throughout; third two and one-half to three and one-half | 4 times length of second, its inner, basal portion often pinkish or salmon-coloured; arista plumose to beyond-the middle. Back of head somewhat convex, typically with two complete rows of black cilia beyond eyes, sometimes with a partial third especially dorsally, otherwise clothed with whitish hair that completely * covers metacephalon. Anterior portion of cheek clothed with black, posterior with white hair. Gena sparsely clothed with short hair or sometimes with three irregular rows on that half nearest eye orbit. Chetotaxy—Lateral verticals absent; vibrissa inserted just 4 above line of oral margin. Thorax—Metanotum clothed with short, quite erect, close set bristles. Hairs covering anterior spiracle dark brown basally, at least their outer halves yellowish; those of anterior margins of — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 361 posterior spiracle either entirely dark brown or with yellowish tips, those of spiracular cover vary from brown with yellow tips to almost wholly yellowish. Epaulets dark. : _ Wings—Bend of fourth vein normally a strongly acute angle; anterior cross-vein more basal than end of first longitudinal; _ third vein bristly; costal spine vestigial; section III of costa equals approximately one and two-thirds times section V; posterior margin of alula with or without fringe of hair; calypters whitish, a fringe of hairs dark, otherwise whitish, but those on inner portion _ __ of margin of upper (anterior) calypter often dark. is Legs—Dark; all tarsi shorter than their respective tibiz. _ Posterior trochanter with well defined “brush,” especially in large specimens: femur. sub-cylindrical, clothed beneath with long hair . nt often becomes beard-like posteriorly; anterior face with three : 4 _ rows of bristles, those of intermediate row shortest and not de- ened distally; posterior face without ventral row of bristles; tibia sometimes slightly curved, anterior and posterior faces each a with an equally strong beard of long, coarse, black hair: fourth : segment of tarsus at least one-half fifth. Middle coxa with a single row of bristles: femur clothed beneath on posterior proximal - half or more with long hair; anterior ventral row of short bristles complete, posterior row represented only by “comb” extending - _ proximally to the long hair: hairy vestiture of lower surface of tibia increasing in length distally but short and not forming an- terior and posterior beards; -submesotibial bristle present. Ventral Ee. surface of anterior coxa completely clothed with bristles that are sometimes separable into three irregular rows, one at each side __ and an intermediate that is usually less complete and sometimes indistinct. _~ _ Cheiotaxy—Anterior dorsocentrals short, slightly longer than _ vestiture of praescutum but slightly reclinate and not projecting _ above it; acrostichals absent; inner presuturals, if present, very ’ weak: last two pairs postsutural dorsocentrals strong, anterior Eto these three or four pairs that are weaker than those before _ the suture; prescutellar acrostichals present: scutellar apicals ; present: usually three sternopleurals, sometimes two but generally _____ only on one side: lower sternopleura with a single row of bristles. 362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Abdomen—Oval or somewhat conical; nota clothed above _ with short reclinate bristles, beneath with slightly longer, almost erect hair. Ventral plates, as a whole, with their sides converging posteriorly; vestiture of first long and erect, that of second and third short and decumbent except at sides. Posterior margin of fourth notum dorsally, also sometimes ventrally, usually of same colour as genital segments, sometimes not so coloured. Chetotaxy—Second segment without marginal bristles; third with two, often very stout; fourth with ComnpiEte row ending ventrally in long hairs. Genital Segments—Prominent, often completely exposed, dull orange. First, (g. s.1) large, often partially yellowish pollinose, vestiture slightly shorter than that of second, ‘humps’ almost bare, in profile weakly curved, marginal bristles weak or hair like; second (g. s.2) rotund, not flattened, anal area small and not extending above middle of posterior surface. Forceps (f.) darkened at least on distal half, in profile the fine, hairy vestiture ~ is seen extending almost to tips of prongs, which are strongly - ‘curved forward and approximated almost to tips but latter slightly spread; base with upward flap-like extensions clothed with fine hair that is slightly shorter than vestiture of second segment. Base of fourth ventral plate usually shows as a rounded ridge the posterior extremity of which is slightly knobbed showing promi- nently in profile, inner portion of lamellze at base thickly - set with short, stubby bristles forming a ‘‘ brush.” Genitalia—Distinctive. Accessory plates (a. p.) hairy; an- terior clispers (a. c.) scarcely longer than posterior. (p. c. =pos- terior claspers; p. =penis.) (2) Females differ from males in the following important characters. Head—Breadth at front at narrowest part varies from about five-sixths to same as eye width. Upper, inner orbits of eyes diverging downward. Thorax—Bristly vestiture shorter. Legs—All tarsi equal in length to tibia. Posterior trochanter with slender apical bristle: femur spindle-shaped; anterior face essentially with but two rows of bristles, those of lower row few _ and well separated, intermediate row may be represented by two_ Td THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 363 or three bristles proximally; posterior face with ventral row of long, well separated bristles on proximal half or slightly more. Anterior and posterior ventral rows of middle femur complete. but bristles weak and inconspicuous distally: submesotibial bristle very strong, sometimes a short bristle just above it. Chetotaxy—Anterior and. anterior postsutural dorsocentrals shorter: usually three sternopleurals, sometimes four on one or both sides: lower sternopleura with a single row of bristles, often - with several others just anterior to its lower part, otherwise clothed with hair. _ Abdomen—Oval; vestiture practically throughout of short, reclinate bristles. i - Genital Segments—Slightly .protuberant, visible only from Py eee ee ee ~ ” a - w - — oe ee oe et , ‘yi a cee do See, ita a . eee eke beneath or sometimes bristles of first segment may be seen from above. The two broad lateral lips of the first genital segment distinctly separated dorsally, their edges usually abruptly turned backward and fringed with bristles that decrease in length and size ventrally, dull orange, often yellowish pollinose, spiracles nearer _to anterior than posterior margin. Fifth segment not discernible as such, its spiracles rarely visible and apparently open through lips of sixth segment (first genital). Ventral plates of genital segments concealed. Described from 15 males and 12 female specimens, 62 others examined. Range—New England: Mass.: Woods Hole, Cohasset, Gloucester, Rockland, North Abington, Andover, Forest Hills, Wellesley, Amherst, Springfield; Mre.: Fryeburg, Capens; Conn.: New Haven. _ United States—N. Y., N. J., N. C., Ga., Fla., La, Ill., Ohio, Ind. The fact that the vestiture of the anterior portion of the cheeks is black and that the posterior is white together with the two beards of equivalent value on the posterior tibie is sufficient to distinguish males of this species from others known in New Eng- land at least. Sarcophaga hemorrhoidalis Meigen and S. dalmatina Schiner while very distinct might possibly be confused with it by one not familiar with the group; the above characters will immediately differentiate them. Females of both these species 364 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are separated from S. bullata by the character of the cheek vestiture and the notum of the first genital segment which is composed of one piece, as are the abdominal nota, and not divided into two lips. In addition, the female of S. dalmatina has one pens kh: row of cilia behind the eyes instead of two. In a discussion following the description of Sorcophala cooleyi R. Parker (Can. Ent., vol. 46, pp. 417-423, Dec., 1914), known at present only from Montana, Wyoming and Utah, it was suggested that this species and S. bullata were close relatives. The genital segments of the females are very similar; those of cooleyi are in- teresting in that they show (at the sides) parts of a distinct fifth — abdominal (sixth morphological) segment with its spiracles. - Among my _ material are several reared specimens of S. bullata which have light rather than dark palpi. The parts of the penis may be less compact and separated to a greater extent than figured in the drawing. Felt (1913, see bibliography) ' described the larval and _ pupal stages from specimens reared on the head of a dead calf. From larviposition to adult was found to take from thirty-four to thirty- Fig. 19.» Sarcophago bullata in. sp., genital six days (Aug. 12 to Sept. 16 to 17). Dr. Felt very kindly sent me six females from the specimens reared, which are unquestion- ably S. bullata. Metz (Station for Experimental Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island), during the summer of 1914 reared this species on meat in several experiments. Undoubtedly it breeds in carrion. I also have records of its capture on cow dung, and at Springfield, Mass., captured it on human excrement. One specimen in the Massachusstts Agricultural College collection is labelled as caught flying around the “burrows of Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Linnzeus).’’ A female received from C. H. Richardson was captured on cow dung. Specimens have also been reared from eggs. (To be continued) Mailed October 13, 1916 _ XLVIII. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1916 No. 11 OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. _ A simple remedy for the control of ants in dwellings has long een a desideratum. The usual recommendations are:. locate the est outside and destroy the occupants by pouring into the entrance quantity of bisulphide of carbon, kerosene emulsion, or even iling water; trap the ants by placing on the shelves or other rts of the house frequented, sponges which have been soaked in _ Sweetened water and which afterwards, with the ants therein - collected, are dropped into boiling water; etc. Such other well- _ known recommendations as have been made from time to time eed not be mentioned here. During the summer of 1916, the common carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, was extremely abundant in a summer “cottage i in the Gatineau hills near Chelsea, Que., which my family occupied throughout the season. They were particularly numerous ~ about the kitchen, frequenting especially a cross-beam near the chimney, close to which they evidently had established their _ headquarters. From this point they wandered throughout the . ee kitchen and dining-room, getting into bread and cake boxes, etc., , in fact, proving generally a decided nuisance. The problem of ae _ controlling ants in dwellings, therefore, became an immediate . onto one, but fortunately a very simple one. Knowing the - success which the United States Bureau of Entomology had had in controlling roaches with sodium fluoride, I obtained some of “this powder and applied it during the evening of May 24, by * Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. 366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST means of a small puffer or dust gun. The powder was dusted — into the openings between the beam and the roof, as also into other cracks or openings nearby. The following morning the — ants were not nearly so noticeable, so I went over the ground — again on the evening of May 25. Since this last date, practically no ants were seen in our cottage in the places where previous to _ the use of the sodium fluoride they were very abundant. The result of our first test of the use of this chemical as a remedy for ants in dwellings was so satisfactory that every opportunity of further experimenting with it was taken advantage of. — On May 27, I visited another summer cottage in the outside kitchen of which the common shed-builder ant, Cremastogaster lineolata, was present in countless numbers, causing much anxiety from its habit of crawling over tables, shelves, etc. In this dwelling the ants also frequented the beams supporting the roof. The — sodium fluoride was dusted into the cracks between the beams and the roof and also on to shelves, etc., where the ants were present in numbers. An examination was made of this kitchen during the following evening and practically all the ants had disappeared, only a few here and there being observed. Only one application was made. The owner of this dwelling recently informed me that no further annoyance was caused by the ants during the remainder of the season. : In other nearby cottages, too, the same results were obtained, and from owners of summer dwellings on the Rideau Lakes and other places in the vicinity of Ottawa, to whom recommendations were made to use the sodium fluoride, the reports received have been similar and in all cases satisfactory. In one instance in the city of Ottawa the carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, was present in annoying numbers.in the kitchen of an apartment house. The insects entered through a door which opened on to a baleony. In this instance the sodium fluoride was simply dusted on the floor near the door. . After its use on two occasions only no further ants entered the apartment. In this latter instance the powder was simply placed in a shell vial and dusted on to the floor through a cheese-cloth covering which had been tied over * the opening. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~~ - 367 Tue SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE EGGs oF APHIS PoMI AND APHIS ee AVEN2 TO HyprocyANnic Actp GAs FORMATION. WILLIAM A. ROSS, DOMINION ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY, VINELAND STATION, ONTARIO. It is of economic interest to note that the fumigation of young apple trees with hydrocyanic acid gas just before or shortly after _ the buds commence to swell.not only controls the San José scale, . se it also destroys the eggs of aphides. and the others ‘were used as checks. None of the eggs on the fumi- gated” nursery stock hatched, whereas large numbers hatched on the check trees. _ This spring the foregoing experiment was duplicated. - and the. same highly satisfactory results were obtained—100 per. cent of the aphid eggs were destroyed. na? In the 1914 experiment the nursery stock was fumigated eight days, and in the 1916 experiment six days before the eggs on the check trees commenced to hatch. a” CHANGE OF SYNONYMY IN XYLOMIGES (LEPID.). a BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD. ei: The species described by Smith as Xylomiges pallidior’ is ~ oP with simplex Walk. Harvey’s crucialis, hitherto mis- si - identified as simplex, is distinct. Even after seeing Smith’s type Ba and possessing specimens of both forms, it was some years before oo I was at all sure that the species really existed, as the difference xe ~ appeared to be merely varietal. But, as time went on and I saw and acquired more material, their distinctness became ap- parent. Having become satisfied as to the existence of two species, _ judged by superficial characters alone, I got Mr. Tams to make several mounts of the genitalia of each, including Vancouver ___ Island specimens of both forms. These were found to differ in such ‘a way as to make their separation quite easy. Being at present __ separated from my specimens and mounts by several thousand miles, I am unable to state concisely just what these differences are, but hope to make it clear some day. ~ November, 1916, 368 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ Smith published a photograph of his type in the Canadian Entomologist, leaving the identity of his species beyond doubt. I also possessed a specimen ‘‘Xd. type’’ with Walker’s simplex. But as that comparison had been made at a time when I had failed to recognize two species, | was unable to place any reliance on the comparison. I was, however, quite satisfied as to the distinctness of crucialis from pallidior. Hampson published a figure of pallidior, made from another, of the type, sent to him by Smith, which is quite recognizable. His woodcut of simplex is not so good, but— my notes on Walker’s type were such as to lead me to suspect strongly that I had made a mistake and that Smith also had fallen’ into his oft-repeated error, in that, whilst recognizing two very closely allied species, instead of seeking a re-identification of simplex, he had chosen to assume its correctness, and created a synonym. I accordingly sent Sir George Hampson a few specimens of each, stating my suspicions, carefully pointing out the distinctive charac- ters, and requesting him to re-examine Walker's type. His diagnosis was in accordance with my suspicions, and I have since visited the British Museum and corroborated his evidence, which results in the synonymy here cited. I regret being unable, at present, to publish a close comparison of the two species, for reasons given above, but feel safe in emphasizing the following — points: Crucialis is slightly longer-winged than simplex, the discoidal spots are a trifle smaller, and the subterminal line or series of blackish streaks is arranged so as to form two oblique triangular shades. In simplex they form a more regular and even series, about parallel with the termen. The two species occur together and are not rare on Vancouver Island. Whilst crucials has usually the clearest white ground colour of the two, both have a dark, almost suffused, grey variation. I have been misled into mistaking the extreme dark variations of either species for one form, the corresponding light variations for the other, and must _ warn others against falling into this error. It must be admitted that the two species are not easily distinguished unless well known. The synonymy stands as follows:— Xylomiges simplex Walk. 2 pallidior Smith. Xylomiges crucialis Harr. ” simplex Smith et al., nec Walk. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 369 NOTES ON THE PSAMMOCHARIDA DESCRIBED BY PROVANCHER, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. BY S. A. ROHWER. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. The following notes on the types of the species of Psammo- arid, described by Abbé Provancher, were made in June, 1915, nd presented with the hope that they will enable Hymenopterists understand these species better. The new species here described ‘had previously been considered to be minima Provancher, but pas easily distinguished from that species as the following notes e will show. No types were definitely designated by Provancher, and in the collection there is no indication as to which specimen is type. In this paper the word “‘type,”’ etc., is used in the sense of ‘‘electro- type.” ba “Ceropales (superba Provancher)—robinsoni Cresson. __. Type in Harrington collection; paratype bearing yellow label “766” Derniére Provancher Collection Public Museum, Quebec. __ The synonymy indicated by Fox is no doubt correct. Ceropales minima Provancher. 7. Type a male with blue label “124” (script) and yellow label “1420” (printed) in Derniére Provancher Collection, Public 3 ‘Museum, Quebec. _~ ‘This is very probably a dark form of fraterna Smith, abtiouek no specimens with as few yellow marks on the abdomen are avail- able. In the type the dorsal aspect of the propodeum is granular with a feeble, short, median sulcus, the posterior face is trans- "versely aciculato-granular ; the third cubital on the cubitus is twice as long as the second, and on the radius but little shorter - than the second; the head is granular and has no median sulcus on the front. -Ceropales foxii, new species. In Fox’s synopsis of North America Cerop ales (Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, 1892) this species will fall near femoralis Cresson, _ November, 1916, 370 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST but may be distinguished from it by a number of characters as the following description will show. Male-——Length 5 mm. Clypeus very gently, arcuately emarginate; front granular and with a few scattered distinct punc- tures, and a shallow elongate fovea at about the middle; vertex and posterior orbits shining almost impunctured; postocellar line distinctly shorter than the ocellocular line; antennze subequal to the length of the head and thorax, the third and fourth joints subequal; thorax shining with a few sparse punctures; the © dorsal plate of mesepisternum with larger punctures than the lower; second pleural suture foveolate; propodeum granular with a distinct sulcus, the base of which is foveolate; nervulus slightly antefurcal; first intercubitus strongly curved towards the base; second and third cubital cells subequal on the radius, but on the cubitus the third is distinctly ‘longer: longer calcarium of hind. tibia three-fourths the length of the hind basitarsus; abdomen shining. Black; clypeus except a basal median spot, inner orbits to near top of eye, spot between antenne, scape beneath, posterior orbits except medially, lateral anterior dorsal angles and posterior margin of pronotum, spot on metanotum, and lateral, apical spots on first three tergites yellow or yellowish-white; flagellum piceous; legs beyond bases of femora rufo-piceous; wings hyaline, venation yellowish, costa, subcosta and base of stigma brown; — ‘ - posterior face of propodeum and the hind coxz with dense Asis? E pile, the rest of the body without dense pile. Falls Church, Va. Described from one male collected July 22, by S. A. Rohwer and named in honour of W. J. Fox, the reviser — of the North American species of this genus. Type—Cat. No. 20118, U. S. N. M. t Ageniella atrata (Provancher). Location of type not known. Allotype (o”) has blue label “125” (script) and yellow label “1417” (printing), and is in — Derniére Provancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. The allotype is the same as the species treated by Banks 4 (Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, 1912 (1911) p. 234) under this name. — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 371 Bi se male bearing yellow label ‘‘783”’ in the Derniére Pro- V sacher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. _' The type runs to perfecta in Banks’ table (Jn. N. Y. Ent. ., vol. 19, 1912 (1911) p. 234) but differs from a jee (in oe rufigastra (Provancher). _ Type female bearing blue label ‘‘122” (script) and yellow “1419” pit es in Derniére Provancher Collection. Episyron griseus (Provancher). _ Provancher’s type is a male, not female, and is in the Derniére y»vancher Collection in the Public Museum of Quebec, bearing a yellow label “1011” on pin. This species is related to bigultatus ete., but may be dis- "tinguished by the angulate posterior margin of pronotum and _ absence of markings on the abdomen, The abdominal markings are, however, not constant, and specimens from Canada (Baker collection) in the National Museum, which have the posterior _ margin of the pronotum angulate but have two lateral. spots on ie the third tergite, have been placed under Provancher’s species. Ke ary rt * a Potnpiloides apicatus eatin ra 2 Type female bearing yellow label ‘‘769"’ in - Derniére Pro- ~ vancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. The following notes may aid in the determination of this _ species. Propodeum shining with a distinct median furrow; ' second and following tergites with appressed pile; nervellus post- — fureal; first intercubitus strongly curved; third intercubitus 372 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST olalt distinctly angulate; eyes nearly parallel the antennocular line longer than the interantennal line; antenne rather short and stout. Pompiloides (castaneus . Provancher)—argenteus (Cresson). Type male bearing yellow label ‘‘774”’ and name label “‘argen- teus Cress.”’ Derniére Proyancher Collection, Public Museum an ’ < Quebec. Provancher’s manuscript list proves that this is type of castaneus. Argenteus (Cresson) agrees with all of the notes saiaie on castaneus, and there seems to be but little doubt that the syneny ny indicated by Provancher is correct. Batazonus coquilletti (Provancher). Type male Cat. No. 1980, U. S. Nat. Mus. This is probably a synonym of mavus Cresson. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SESIID. BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, NEW YORK. Gaéa arizonensis, sp. nov. Female.—Fore ‘wings opaque, golden orange cod: dusted with fuscous in the intervenular. parts. All the veins, rather — heavily marked with fuscuous. Discal mark fuscous, edged with orange red. Hind wings transparent, veins fuscous, and the outer margins narrowly edged with orange red. Fringes fuscous. Under side of fore wings with the intervenular parts considerably brighter, orange red, as also the transverse discal mark, which is wholly orange red. Hind wings similar to the above, but with the narrow, orange red margins brighter. Head black; palpi yellow. Antenne orange red, fuscous terminally and decidedly clavate. Abdomen brown-black with a broad, yellow band on the posterior edge of each segment, except the fourth, the last three bands broader than the three basal ones. Anal tuft lemon yellow. Under side of abdomen, with all the bands much broader and the fourth also banded. Posterior legs yellow, joints black, femora black (remaining legs wanting). Expanse 25 mm. Habitat—Pinal Mts., Arizona. Described from a single female. Type: collection Dr. William Barnes. November, 1916. CAN. ENT., VOL. XLVIII. PLATE X. 1.—Type of Tortrix oleraceana sp. nov., natural size. 2.—Type of T. oleraceana, enlarged four times. 3.—Leaf of cabbage showing edges rolled by the larva of T. oleraceana. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 373 A NEW -SPECIES’ OF TORTRIX OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, FROM NEWFOUNDLAND (LEPIDOPTERA: ’TORTRICID).* — BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CHIEF ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST, IN CHARGE OF FIELD CROP INSECT INVESTIGATIONS, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. Sg Towards the end of July, 1915, Mr. Albert J. Boyle, the - Acting Secretary of the Newfoundland Agricultural Board, St. John’s, Newfoundland, sent to the Dominion Entomologist leaves of cabbages which were infested by a small tortricid larva. The caterpillars pupated in transit, and moths emerged at Ottawa _as follows: three on August 9 and one on August 17. The cater- _ pillars, we were informed, were present in very destructive numbers on some farms near St. John’s, Nfd., in fact on one farm, according to Mr. Boyle who personally investigated the outbreak, the whole of the first and much of the second plantings of cabbages were destroyed by the larve. The larva curls the leaf like’ other tor- _tricids; this habit is shown in the figure herewith, the photograph having been taken from material received from St. John’s. A Mr. Boyle informed us that oftentimes in spring cabbage plants are imported into Newfoundland from Ireland, and for this reason we thought that the moth might be the European species, Zortrix virgaureana Tr. Two specimens were, therefore, forwarded to Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall, Director of the Imperial : _ Bureau of Entomology, who submitted them to Mr. Durrant, : of the British Museum. Mr. Durrant examined the specimens : but could not associate them definitely with virgaureana. Dr. Marshall reported that the black spots in ‘the Newfoundland insect are much better defined than in any of the British species and are rather more numerous. Mr. August Busck, of the U.S. National Museum, also kindly examined a specimen of the New- foundland moth and reported that it is undoubtedly closely allied * Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. November, 1916. a ee ee ee 374 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST to Tortrix wahlbomiana L. var. virgaureana Tr., but that it did — not match any of the more than fifty bred European specimens — in the Museum. He also added, ‘“‘nor is it any of our described North American species.” In view of the economic importance of the insect it seems desirable to give it a definite name, and, therefore, I propose the ' following: Tortrix oleraceana, sp. nov. Labial palpi gray outside irrorated with cream, pale cream inside with darker tips. Antenne; head, body and fore-wings neutral gray, thickly irrorated with cream. The fore-wings bear conspicuous, blackish, irregular spots. In the inner half of the wing these spots are arranged to form an imperfect letter W; they occur as follows: a double transverse anterior series, more or less joined together and extending from the costa to a distance of about three-quarters of the width of the wing; from the posterior end of the anterior series the spots extend obliquely forward to within one-quarter the width of the wing from the costa, and then obliquely backward, joining, a little below the centre of the wing, the inside spots of a double median series which form the distal arm of the W and extend rather closer to the inner margin than the anterior series. The spots in the median series are not so fre- quent. In the space above the internal angle of the W there are also a few blackish spots. In the distal half of the wing a number of blackish spots are present, extending from the costal to the dorsal area; these latter spots are not arranged after any pattern but occur chiefly toward the margins; near the outer margin the spots are distinctly larger and form a submarginal row. Outer margin blackish with a cream edge. Cilia concolorous with wing. On the costa near the outer row of the transverse anterior spots are two conspicuous cream-coloured areas between which is a blackish blotch; two other distinct cream-coloured costal areas are also present in the distal half of wing, the inner one of which adjoins the outer arm of the W. Between these two latter cream- coloured spots there is a blackish, V-shaped costal spot. In addi- tion to these pale costal areas, there are also a few other cream- ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 375 coloured spots, not so large or distinct, chiefly in the apical area | of the wing. , Hind wings wholly neutral gray, irrorated with cream. Body __ beneath pale metallic cream. Legs gray, outside irrorated with cream and crossed by bands of the same colour; pale cream inside. Alar expanse 19 mm. Bese: Type deposited in collection of the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Variations —During the present year (1916) the insect has again been destructive in Newfoundland, and Mr. Boyle has for- __ warded to us specimens of the larve from which additional moths have beenreared. The description of the type given above answers closely to all of the specimens reared (8) with the exception of __ two specimens which differ in having each fore-wing crossed with __two irregular whitish bands, in addition to which there is a basal and an apical patch of the same colour. These specimens are labelled metatypes A and B respectively in the collection of the _ Entomological Branch. The bands and patches on the fore-wings of metatype A are conspicuously whitish, those on B being more of a sordid white. _-—S- THE HEATH COLLECTION OF LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD. (Continued from Page 232.) | Hadena sp. A single specimen without date, broken and verdigrised, standing as didonea Sm., I believe to be of an unde- scribed species closely allied to indirecta Grt., and use a manuscript name for it in my private notes. A specimen of it stood wrongly under didonea in Smith’s own collection. -I have seen some half dozen specimens from widely separate localities. _Hadena egens Walk. (syn. transfrons Newm.). Hadena claudens Walk. Some of the specimens stood as _albertina Hamps., possibly on my authority. Dr. McDunnough > . November, 1916. 376 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is of the opinion that albertina is not distinct from claudens, which is very likely correct. Tare Hadena misclioides Gn. Macerata Sm. under which name the — species stood, is the same thing. So also is miscellus. Hadena fractilinea Grt. a Polia contacta Walk. (syn. pulverulenta Sm.). Two specimens, standing as extincta, doubtless on Smith’s authority. It may possibly be correct, but extincta is at present unidentified in collec-_ tions. Polia acutissima Grt. (syn. medialis Grt ). Heath used often to distribute this species as confragosa Morr. That is very likely correct, though no one is able to state so positively at present. Dryobota illocata Walk. Hyppa xylinoides Gn. Trachea delicata Grt. One specimen. Euplexia lucipara Linn. Mr. Tams finds that the male ~ genitalia of all the North American /ucipara he has so far examined. differ from those of British specimens. Actinotia ramosula Gn. One female, July 30th, 1910. Dipterygia scabriuscula Linn. . sh \ a b A re es eT eo a bee - i eee ye ’ Bons ee ee Pyrophila pyramidoides Gn. Helotropha reniformis Grt. A very fine and variable series. Some stood under plutonia Grt. | a Laphygma frugiperda S & A. A good series. A single speci- - men also did duty for Euxoa acornis, a species not in the collection. _ Homohadena stabilis Sm. a) aa Homohadena infixa Walk. This stood as fifia Dyer, which is pcssibly correct. a Homohadena badistriga Grt. Oncocnemis atrifasciata Morr. One specimen. Oncocnemis viriditincta Sm. One specimen. Oncocnemis poliochroa Hamps. Oncocnemis riparia Morr. One specimen, amongst cibdalts. Oncocnemis cibalis Grt. = 3 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 377 Adita chionanthti S. & A. . Rhynchagrotis gilvipennis Grt. q Rhynchagrotis rufipectus Morr. ; Rhynchagrotis placida Grt. The species stood also as mint- _.malis and anchocelioides. Rhynchagrotis alternata Grt. Adel phagrotis ~prasina Fabr. _ Platagrotis pressa Grt. Other specimens of it stood as condita Gn. he Euretagrotis sigmoides Gn. Euretagrotis perattenta Grt.. The specimens were of the dull, poorly marked form named innatenta by Smith. Euretagrotis attenta Grt. Pachnobia littoralis Pack. Pachnobia salicarum Walk. Agrotis ypsilon Rott. 7 ar Peridroma occulta Linn. A series under the correct name, and a rubbed series elsewhere as Polia pulverulenta Sm. Peridroma astricta Morr. Peridroma margaritosa Hbn. Noctua baja Linn. Noctua normaniana Grt. “tt eek ee eee oy Bai Noctua bicarnea Gn. Several specimens,.mostly mixed with treatei, and one with collaris. Manitoba specimens appear to be _ rather hard to separate from freatet. I have never seen it from west of Manitoba. ; Noctua treatei Grt. Two specimens. BS Noctua substrigata Sm. One specimen, July 18th, 1911. , Noctua c-nigrum Linn. ‘ _ Noctua cynica Sm. A series stood under cynica, rubifera and rosaria. In describing cynica Smith Stated that it was separable from rubifera only by male genitalia. SofarI have found nothing ‘to match what he figures as genitalia of rubifera. Noctua rosaria. Two males. Their resemblance .to cynica was closer than that of any I had previously seen. I have referred this species to rubi View, but Mr. Tams finds that the genitalia - differ. 378 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sas Noctua fennica Tausch. Noctua plecta Linn. Noctua collaris_G. & R. Noctua haruspica Grt. The largest speeimen stood under this — name, and smaller ones under inopinatus. Inopinatus is scarcely a recognizable variety. Noctua clandestina Harr. A few worn haruspica were mixed ‘with this series. One very badly worn clandestina stood by itself as havila. Elsewhere, five worn specimens, and one of rufipectus stood as Amphipyra tragopoginis, which was not in the collection. _ Noctua atricincta Sm. Chorizagrotis auxiliaris Grt., with its varieties introferens Grt., and agrestis Grt. Specimens also stood under soror Sm. The latter name does not refer to a distinct species, but I am un- able at present to designate the exact variety. : Chorizagrotis balinitis Grt. Two specimens. A few forms of auxiliaris stood associated with them. Chorizagrotis thanatologia Dyar. There were two specimens which I consider referable to this species. One fine male was near var. sordida Smith, and a female was var. perfida Dod. Both the specimens stood under fessellata. ; Rhizagrotis flavicollis Sm. Rhizagrotis perolivalis Sm. Other specimens of it stood as plagigera Morr. ; Feltia ducens Walk., and the small, pale var. hudsonii Sm. Feltia herilis Grt. — Feltia venerabilis Walk. Feltia volubilis Harv. Porosagrotis mimallonis Grt. Euxoa segregata Sm. Four specimens, a @ and 3 99. A female bore date Sept. 29th, 1903. Another 9 had red ink label No. 177. Very rare in Canada. Euxoa niveilinea Grt. Two males, standing .: as quadrideniata, I decided were this species. Euxoa ridingsiana Grt. (syn. maimes Sm.). Euxoa dargo Strk. One specimen, as rumatana Sm., which i is. : an exact synonym. Oa ee eee aa, Se : ‘ 4 ee ee ee, ek ee vt : os *, ; + +S “E = 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 379 Euxoa velleripennis Grt. And other specimens of it as per- — polita Morr. _ Euxoa catenula Grt. (syn. contagionis Sm.) Two specimens, of which one female only was dated, Sept. 24th, 1910. It was a surprise to see this species from Manitoba. It is extremely rare ~ in Canada. Euxoa scandens Riley. Standing as Porosagrotis vetusta ~ Walk., which was not in the collection. Euxoa deterra Walk. Euxoa poncha Smith. Three males, fortunately all dated, Sept. 17th, 1904; Sept. 13th, 1910, and Sept. 20th, 1911. . Heath _had presented me with a fourth specimen about a year previously. | It had stood in his collection as citricolor on Smith’s authority. That determination was obviously wrong, though it resembles it in colour. I submitted a specimen to Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough, who decided that it was almost certainly poncha, one of the last species described by Smith, from Poncha Springs, and other localities in Colorado. It is allied to medialis and - cenis, but very closely to citricolor. Euxoa messoria Harr. A series correctly, and others as a fuscigera Grt., and septentrionalis Walk. Two specimens of pindar Smith stood under abar Strk. I am under the impression that pindar is a variation of messoria. ~Abar Strk. is divergens Walk. I have seen Strecker’s type. ; _ Euxoa pleuritica Grt. Euxoa incallida Sm. Some specimens stood separated as quinquelinea Sm. Euxoa rena Sm. Standing as dissona Moschl. Euxoa declarata Walk. ( =insulsa Sm., nec Walk.). © This ‘species was very badly mixed. A confusion of it with albipennis is always excusable, as they are really very close allies. A worn series did duty for intrita Morr., and an aggregation referred to litubatis consisted principally of worn declarata. Euxoa albipennis Grt. ab. n. 249. Hydrocyanic gas, susceptibility of aphis eggs to, 367. Hylepsyche, n. gen., 121. Hymenoptera from sunflowers, 76. Hyperitis indiscretata, 27. = Hypnoidus, species from Maine, 387. Hyssopus, n. gen., 115. ae 3 ‘thymus, n.sp., 115. 0 iF I meceines mangifere, n. gen. et sp. ‘ Ipide, new species of, 181. ; he Ips chagnont, n. sp., 186. ° ie ‘“ confluentus, 384. vancouvert, n. sp., 188. Ironoquia, 121. es Ischnopsyllus insignis, 106. -— | Isosoma orchidearum, 142. “e bea in Central Mississippi Valley ; Junonia. cenia nigrosuffusa, n. subsp.y 222. Knicut, H. H., article by, 345. Laphygma frugiperda, 34. Leperisinus californicus, n. sp., 190. 1. Lepiioutee.: Heath Collection of, 161, Lepidoptera, new N. Ainneeane 221, | ses Lepidoptera, types of, in. Snow Collec- ” tion, 25. LS Leptophylax, 119. Leptostylus macula, 200. ,: sex-guttatus, 198. Leptura biforis, 389. “ -nigrella 389. Leucobrephos brephoides, life-hist of, 133. Leucorrhinia, key to ayes of American species of (Pls. XII, XIII) 415. Leucorrhinia, nymphal characters | ) Leucorrhinia borealis, nymph of s proxima, nymph of, 420. — i Py INDEX TO VOLUME XLVIII. 435 -Limnephilide, classification of, 117. Limnephilus, 119 Limnichus punctatus, 384. Limnobia gracilis, 79. Limonius aurifer, 386. Lina interrupta, 146, 148. ** scripta, 148. Listotrophus cingulatus, 383. _. Lycena rita, n. sp., 223 =———_- we cele Bn ares oe > Ne ene Lychnosea helveolaria, 27. Lygus communis, n. sp., 346. * communis novascotiensis, n. var, Lygus i invitus, 345, Lyonetia candida, n. sp., 140. Macaria fieldi, n. sp., 326. “* _ grossbeckt, n. sp., 327. minuta, n. sp., 328. McDunnouteg, J., article by, 25. McDunnoucu, J., BARNEs, W. and, articles by, 144, 290. ve dey ia compressa, n. Mesembriomintho, n. gen., 158. Mealy-bug, Shell-bark hickory, 411, Megachile piliceps, 407. Megachilide of Canada, 269. piehexoptes, N. Georgia species of, ae sp., Melanotus leonardi, 385. Menoponide, some generic groups in the, 301 Microdontomerus anthonomi, 341. Microlepidoptera, new species of, 138. Miogryllus saussurei, 356. Monohammus confusor, 388. marmorator, 388. a F. J. A., articles by, 145, 197, 293. Muscoidea, new Australian, Myrsidea, characters of, 307. species of, 308. 151. Necrophorus vespilloides, 383. NEEDHAM, J. C., and Smitu, Lucy W., article by, 80. Nemobius carolinus, 357. Neoclytus erythrocephalus, 197. i longipes, 197 Neoconocephalus robustus crepitans, Neoderostenus, occurrence in N. America of, 409, Fs Neoderostenus bipunctatus, n. sp., 409. Neomphaloidella ceroplaste, n. sp., 100. nebraskensis, n. sp., 103. hades phim pulchriventris, n. sp., csr ie 120. Neotettix rotundifrons, 276. New Jersey, economic insects from, 141. New Jersey, insect fauna of, 255. Japanese bug new to, 255. New Jersey, notes from, 35. Newfoundland, a few days in, 217. Diptera from, 258. dragonflies from, 220, ae 257. Newfoundland, Hymenoptera from, 259. Newfoundland, new Tortrix of econo- mic importance from, 373. Niagara Glen, a visit to, 293. Nitidulini, a new genus and species of, 1 Noctuid genus, a new, 290. Noctuid notes from Western Canada, 58. Noctuide, in Heath Collection, 228, 375 : Noctuidae, types of, in Snow Collec- tion, 26 Nomada custeriana, 273. ‘* illinoensis, 273. vernonensis, n. sp., 273. vicinalis aldrichi, 273. Nomenia obsoleta, n. sp., 249. Nomotettix compressus, 276. Bete Queries, 34, 104, 141, 214, 255. ae Oberea pallida, 389. tripunctata, 142. OsitTuARY NOTICEs: Cunningham, Thomas H., 180. Meade-Waldo, Geoffrey, 196. Pergande, Theodore, 213. Webster, F. M., 37. Williams, J. B., 248. Odontosphindus denticollis, 387. Oligophlebodes, 120. Omophron americanum, 381. Oncocemis major, 26. Onthophagus nigrescens, n. sp., 94. Opsophana, n. gen., 153. Ormyrus unimaculatipennts, n. sp., 342, 436 INDEX TO VOLUME XLVIII. vay Orphulella pratorum, 277. Orthoptera from Clarendon, Va., 356. Orthotomicus lasiocarpi, n. sp., 183. i ornatus, n. sp., 185. Pachymelus grandiert, n. sp., 406. micrelephas, 406. Papaipema cerina, 14. circumlucens, 16. nelita, 13. nelita linda, n. var., 14. new life histories in, 13. nepheleptena, 15. Parabrachelia, n. gen., 159 Paracalliphora, n. gen., 151. Parasite reared from same individual host, two generations of, 89. Pareupogona, n. gen., 157. PARKER, R. R., articles by, 359, 422. Parsnips. insect enemy of, 39. Parsnip webworm, life history of, 39. Pavostelis, n. subg., 313. Pelidnota punctata, 296. Peltoperla ada, n. sp., 86. anna, Nn. sp., 83. arcuata, 88. . brevis, 88. cord, n. sp., 86: cornelia, n. sp., 84. dorothea , n. sp., 84. maria, n. sp., 82. thyra, n. sp., 87. Perdita aureovittata, n. sp., 391. Petrophora, see Xanthorhée. Phenodiscus partifuscipennis, n. sp., 102. Phalonia spartinana, n. sp., 144. Phanurus emersoni, n. sp., 150. x floridanus, 149. i opacus, 149. ovivorus, 150. Phlepsius irroratus, 178. " loculatus, n. sp., 128. stellaris, n. sp., 129. Phora viridinota, n. sp., 394. Phorodon humuli, 171, 261. Phymaphora pulchella, 383. Physocnemum brevilineum, 388. Physothrips antennatus, 130. Wy xanthocerus, n. sp., 131. Phytomyza chrysanthemi, 142. Pirene marylandica, n. sp., 116, Pityokteines elegans, n. sp., 182. jasperi, n. sp., 181. Plagiodera versicolora, 106. “ee Plagionotus speciosus, 389. Platycentropus, 119. “ are wilsoni, n. sp., (Pls. VI, VID, Piosrenwbis longus, n. sp., 342. Plum Curculio, nature of its. injuries and means of control (Pl. XI), 397. Pompiloides apicatus, 371, argenteus, 372. Popular and practical entomol 37, 74, 109, 145, 197, 217, aris Bos, 329, 365, 397 Potamorites, 121. Protometigentia aurea, n. gen. et sp., 156. ~ Protomiltogramma cincta, n. sp.y 155. n. gen., 154. Psammocharide, notes on Provan- cher's species of, 369. Pseudiglyphomyia coptodisce, n. sp., 266. Psendococcus j jessica, n.sp., 411. ‘a habits of, 411. i FS enemies of, 413. Psychoronia, n. gen., Pterocomma beulahensis, 282. - bicolor, 284. key to species of, 288. populea, 280. populifoliz, 280, salicis, ‘ f steinheili, 285. Ptilinus ruficornis, 387. ; Ptinus bicinctus, 387. Pycnopsyche, 119. Quadrifrons castaneus, n. gen. et sp., 92. — Rhadicoleptus, 118. Rhamphomyia calvimontis, n. sp. ie 493. . sepulta, n. sp., 123. Rhopalosiphum ligustri, 215. Rhynchites elusus, n. sp., 96. " perplexus, n. sp., 95. Rileya americana, n. sp., 339. * hegeli, n. sp., 340. RoHWER, S. A., article by, 369. Ross, W. A., articles by, 74, 367. 2 Sabulodes imitata, 28. Saperda vestita, 198. = ‘Scotogramma trifolii, var. albifusa, 68. utellista, cyanea, 245. rica tristis, 387. Sesiid, a new, 372. peace ys avene, 171, 207, 209, 235, as SLADEN, F. W. L., articles by, 269, 312. * Smicronyx caseyi, n. sp., 10 “\ quadrifer texana, var. n., 12. - SMITH, L. W., NEEDHAM, J. G., and, z article by, 80. - * ‘Siru, M. R., article by, 34. Ei Spharagemon’ bolli, 279. _- Sphingide in Heath Collection, 226. Stelis, key to Canadian species of, 312. ; “ ontariana, n. sp., 312. _ Stenophylax, 118. __ Stephanitis azalez, 255. Stoneflies of the genus Peltoperla, 80. _ Strangalia luteicornis, 299. ae indica, n. gen. et sp., a ‘% oy _ Sunflower insects, 76. ~ Swaine, J. M., articles by, 97, 181. a _SWETT, E; W., ‘articles by 249, 326, 349. n _ Sympiesomor hellews: trisulcus, n. -Sp., . heer ferruginea, 149. S ‘Syrbula admirabilis, 279. _ Syrpophagus quadrimaculate, 344. pevswolnes brevicorris, 339. Bean er gen., 152. - Tettigidea laterali-, 276. _»--Tettix arenosus, 275. hancocki, 275. | Teucholabis carolinensis, n. sp., 44. a lucida, n. sp., 48 mbkber ops refucorris, 384. EOBALD, F. V., article by, 169, 202, oe, 233, 261. Thymus, n. gen., 113. TIMBERLAKE, P. H., article by, 89. _ Tipula apache, n. sp.; 45, “ “ arizonica, n. sp., 58. oe aspidoptera, r. sp., 49. caroliniana, n. sp., 46 INDEX TO VOLUME XLVIII. 437 cophaga bullata, n. sp., 359. Tipula comonche, n. sp., 50. scoparia nearctica, n. subsp. “*~ guasa, n. sp., 51. 422. ° “~~ texénsis, n, sp., 48. r histocerca alutacea, 277. Tipulide, new nearctic,, 42. americana, 277. Tniepeolus pomonalis, n. sp., 392. - damnifica, 278. Tomocerodes americana, n. gen. et sp., ‘246. Tortrix oleraceana, n. sp., (Pl. X), 373. raked it C. H. T., articles by 19, Tracheomyia, n. gen., 169, Transvaal, sunflower insects in the, 79. Trichogrammatomyia tortricis, n. gen. et sp., 268. Tricyclopsis, n. gen., 152. Trimerotropis.citrina, 277. Trimicra empedoides, n. sp., 44. Trox scaber, 387. Tryxalis brevicornis, 276. Uganda, a new Physothrips from, 130. Uriella rufipes, 408. Urographis fasciatus, 199. VAN DvuzZEE, M.C., article by, 23. WALKER, E, M., articles by, 192, 217, 248, 257, 291, 314, 414, 427. Walshomyia texana, n sp 30. Wess, H. B., articles ah '35, 105, 141, 215, 255. WINN, ALBERT F., articles by, 6, 105, Xanthork6e defensaria, 349. + defensaria californiata, 355. Xanthort.6*: defensaria’ conciliaria, n. var., 352, / Xanthorhée defensaria gigantarta, n. var., 353. aor ing defensaria mephistaria, Xanthorkée defensaria suppuraria, vr. var., 354. Xanthorhd> defensaria thana'aria, n. vars, 352. Xylomiges, a change of syrovymy in, Xylotrechus quadrimaculatus, 388. Zacosmia maculata, 391. & gf -* Mailed December 23rd, 1916 A Large Stock of Insects from all parts of the world and am continually receiving fresh consignments from my collectors. I am open to exchange rare European and Exotic insects for rarities of North America. The following general price lists may be had on application: Lepidoptera, Exotic Coleoptera, Palearctic Coleoptera. Special price lists are continually being issued. Now ready: Sphingide, over 300 species; Papilios and Morphos of French Guiana; Blind cave-dwelling beetles of the Carabide and Silphide. E. LeMOULT, 4, rue Duméril, Paris XIII°®, France Of the Entomological Society of Annual Rep orts Ontario — 45 have now been published The Ist 1870 (reprinted in 2 25 cents. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 8th, 9th and 12th out of print; 5th and 6th 50 cents each; 7th $1.00; 10th and llth $1.00 each; 13th 25 cents; 14th 50 cents; 15th 25 cents; 16th 50 cents; 17th 25 cents; 18th 50 cents; 19th and 20th 25 cents each; 21st to 45th (22nd, one dollar) 50 cents each; 46th 75 cents. index to first 30 volumes 25c. in paper covers; 50c. bound in cloth. Address:— | ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH, CANADA CORK °-. AND’ = iia Ordinary Sheet Cork, 12x4x3/16 ins. at 12c. per sheet; 35c. per sq. foot. American Black- Japanned Insect Pins, No. 210 in packets of 500. No. 0, 90 cents; Nos. 1 to 6, 75 cents per packet. No Assorted Packages The above prices include postage. 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CRIDDLE, NORMAN, Dominion Entomological Service........ .. TREESBANK, MAN. DICKERSON, EDGAR L., New Jersey Agricultural College........... New Brunswick, N. Ji DOD, F. H. WOLLEY...... : On ACTIVE SERVICE. DUPORTE, E. M., Macdonald College............. : St. ANNE DE BELLEVUE, QUE. "BLY; DRi" CHAS Rar 2vcccssnveess WasHINGTON, D.C, ‘ EMERTON, J. H.........,. Pent Av Ls, metry ae peers IRS Oo 5 aapaaiaseer ciate Boston, MAss, Pgh A ge & Al Ee a en aie rae Se Ns fo pela -PASADENA, CAL. FELT, DR, E. P., State Entomologist............. ALBANY, NX: - FENTON, F. A., Chio State University.......... Cotumsus, O. : FERRIS, G, F., Leland Stanford Jr. University... ........-..:ccsssesseeesetees STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CAL. FISHER, W.'S., Bureau of Entomology...............:ccccccsteecscssseessaveseeeeees WASHINGTON, D. C. GAHAN, A. B., Bureau ‘of Entomology. .....i.....cccccccecsiseevesestecsessseseeennes WASHINGTON, D.C. Sea ARTHUR, Entomological Branch................... ...OTTAWA, ONT. GIB: ji > AR Bureau of EtOMOIOBY oh iovcal esnhicacksiac ene WASHINGTON, D. C. GILLETTE: PROF. C, P., State Agricultural College ....FortT COLLINS, Con. CRA UTI AMR an. Se a gees rseostock oh eh ee eee GLENNDALE, Mp. ; CRINNELL, BOR BY GE FIG iv eee ieeceek PASADENA, CAL, ~ HEWITT, DR. C. ‘GORDON, SS Eat erred Beach: gestae Ortawa, ONT. HOLLINGER, A. . University OF Ni fessor ois. cassetticoassatesaeneens Co_umBia, Mo: JOHNSON, CHAS. W., Boston Soc. of Natural History ....BOSTON; Mass. KENNEDY, SA ¢ CornelUniverdity.i.c. ean Fe kcteet-cuy ITHACA, N.Y. 5 KNIGHT, H. Mdorselt VRIVOTOLEK, ciiaksacctsicsdsvpicabovcedeos genie dene ITHaca, N, Y. : LILJ EBLAD, EMIL sie go os Fasiighd Fate Lp Alc he dactvont oesabcets CuicaGo, ILt. McDERMOTT, F. ALEX............ WASHINGTON, D. © McDUNNOUGH, DR: J... ami akanneny Meee Wivedeesbeabevei tees DECATUR, ILL. eavileees tk CHAS ...ARNPRIOR, ONT, MALLOCH, J. R : .... URBANA, ILL. - MICKEL, CLARENCE E., University of Nebraska LINCOLN, NEB. MOORE, G. A.......:0.05. eae ek Sere sh EER RRS Aedes ....MONTREAL, QUE, MUIR, F., Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association....:....... wt Honovutu, T. H. NEEDHAM, PROF. J. G., Cornell University....2.....c....0....::ccccesesentens ITHACA, N. Ye ‘ PARKER, R. R., Montana State College........... ,.. BOZEMAN, MONT. us PARSHLEY, H. ’M., Bussey Institution, Harvard University YE 9 A Forest HILLs, MAss. PING, Chi, Cornell University basonsdsTssless theacateasdagtenReeiwetaes ber cenane yi. ItHaca, N. Y.. ROHWE i: Bureau of Entomology.............2... ses neo tsaeiesaieaabeal ss WASHINGTON, D. C, ROSS, W. A., Dominion Entomélogical rg: \ VINELAND STATION, Ont. SAUNDERS, L. G., Agricultural College... isles «shgnecteana eens toning POE ROE OeE A | SCHAEFFER, MER SG csecadacconsncbbnnsets inka, Wiicanas< ats aches see SRS aE BROOKLYN, N. Y. F SHINSE, G. O., Univarsity of California.........c.cccccccscssctvesnsseedteeseoeeess BERKELEY, CAL, : Stee aes GI RY oS stich ak oe haan ninco eee ...: PHILADELPHIA, PA, SLADE . L., Experimental Farms Branch, Dept. Agri ..OTTAWA, ONT. t SMITH Bj TRIE eit P La aitshs ch enn 0Xs sotucorseae vid aobasdesnied ake casa Roane Rae ... SHERBORN, MAss. STOHR, REV. L. M., St. Alexander's College... TRONSIDE, QUE. ; SVU RG Pio eee ashes Seek cwchrs sv paei ghncuad Saabapuan a pedeose ke taal LEXINGTON, MASS. ~ wise TREHERNE, K. C., Dominion Entomological Service...................... VANCOUVER, B. C. “6 TUCKER, E. o State Agricultural Experiment Station.................... BATON RovuGe, La, VAN DUZ BER SED Geen cas Pearse peiitebera Co babeos Orsay cop shilcvstp ssh SPE eae ....BuFFALO, N.Y. § WALKER, PROF. E. M., University of Toronto ........... .... TORONTO, ONT. WEISS, HARRY B., sen S anetie seca College.. .NEw Brunswick, N. J. WHITEHOUSR, he Cini aie (aGustalinc incerta -Rep Deer, ALTA. s WINN, ALBERT F.. : : .WeSTMOUNT, QuE. J PS es Se : Che Ganadiay Vontomologist VoL. XLIX. - LONDON, JANUARY, 1917 No. 1 SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS SALTUSAPHIS. (APHIDIDA:—HOM.). BY A. C. BAKER, WASHINGTON, D.C.* The genus Saltusaphis was erected by Theobald for his species scirpus from Egypt. A study of a number of American species found on sedges and in marshy localities indicates that there are at least five species of this genus in America. ‘Two of these have been already described in other genera, viz., Brachycolus ballii Gill. and Chatitophorus flabellus Sanb. Gillette (Ent. News, vol. XXII, p. 441) has also described an- other species in the genus Brachycolus, but this species, tritici, seems to be a typical member of the genus and closely related to the type species, while bal/ii on the other hand is not. Flabellus, _ while described as a Chaitophorus by Sanborn, has been re-described by Gillette and placed in the genus Callipterus. The erection of Theobald’s genus leaves little doubt in regard to the true position of flabellus. The genus may be defined as follows: Genus Saltusaphis. Body somewhat elongate; head large, eyes prominent, with- out ocular tubercles. Thorax large with well-defined segments. Antenne of six segments, usually as long as the body; legs with the two-anterior pairs of femora somewhat swollen. Cornicles short and cup-shaped; cauda knobbed; anal plate widely bilobed, posterior extremity of dorsum of abdomen sometimes indented, often deeply so. Fore wing with the media twice branched, hind wing with one oblique vein near its extremity. Wing veins usually bordered with dusky brown; sexes apterous, living in marshy regions, usually on sedges. The species of this genus present a very characteristic appear- ance on their host plant. They lie closely appressed to the leaf with their antennz stretched out parallel in front of the head. When disturbed or alarmed they fall suddenly, or spring from the * Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST plant, aided by the large muscles of their anterior “and middle — femora. All sections of the leaf are attacked, specimens being | found close to the ground or far out at the tips of the leaves. The —. sexes appear on the leaf very similar to the viviparous forms, with the exception of the smaller size. The genus belongs to the Callip- terini, but seems to be quite distinct from the other genera in the tribe. . It would appear that Theobald has been led into the error of describing the cauda as bifid by the very marked division on the or last abdominal segment in the type species. In examining scirpus this is the most apparent structure on the caudal portion of the abdemen. The cauda, however, is distinctly knobbed, and the anal plate in the apterous forms appears almost as two distinct plates. This is more plainly seen in some of the other species ee in scirpus. The species may be separated by the following key: KEY TO SPECIES. (Based on Apterous Form.) 1. Antenne not much longer than half the body length, and shea equal in length to the distance between the vertex and the’ HIN COMBS 5.550 csssyraioneeeh en ibe oes ballii (Gill.). Antenne much longer than the distance between the vertex and the hind coxe, usually as long as the body.......000.....0.2 2. Posterior extremity of the abdomen quite distinctly bilobetl nc ns. ee Lesa aceletiab oes aeteteesaee tenn ate 3 Posterior extremity of the abdomen not distinctly Hobe. ios oes. cokccikisi, gp saecdmblegeespnsend oguasevcsvc bob hserey senna 4 3. Body covered with fan-shaped or sickle-shaped hairs; vertex not StronQly COMIC Cs coicasicavacstlocs nosnvaies epiaeel scirpus Theo. Body without hairs excepting simple ones on the caudal por- tion; vertex strongly conical............:.cccceeeeeeeee elongatus Baker. 4. Body covered with fan-shaped hairs about 0.016 mm. VO «5 5.255: «zecdes sew abi ops Saas oh ne hae uae Rng Aga su 5 Body with slightly knobbed, hairs about 0.05 mm. DOr go. :Svciigys sas01v¢ (eed pea ak ees ee een ee americanus Baker THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3 | m 5. Segment III of antenna considerably shorter than width of —— se ee head across the eyes; colour- brownish yellow with blackish IN cg Ve ak ee ey eh Ate A Sint: Ooh tRITO em fiabellus (Sanb.) Segment IJ of antennz considerably longer than width of head across the eyes; colour pale yellowish green with dusky (LER OSS! © eee fs , __dusky lines are present, extending from the head to tip of abdomen. Antenne with the basal portion of segment III yellowish, the re- mainder dusky to black. Legs uniform yellowish or with light dusky areas near the distal extremities of. the femora and with the tarsi dusky. Length from vertex to tip of cauda 2.16 mm.; width across abdomen 0.672 mm., vertex somewhat conical; antennz as follows: — III; 0.464 mm.; IV, 0. 336 mm.; V, 0.288 mm.; VI, (0.208 mm.+0.16 mm.). Hind tibise. 0.672 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.128 mm.; entire dorsum covered ‘with small, Branson or fan-like hairs. Posterior _ extremity of abdomen scarcely indented. A pterous male.—General colour similar to that of the apterous viviparous female, but with very little of a yellow. tint. Segments 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of the body indicated by narrow, smoky, cross stripes. Antennze black with the exception of the basal two segments and the proximal extremity of segment III. A black rim borders the antennal sockets. Eyes dark brown. Length from vertex to tip of cauda 1.6 mm. Antennz as follows: Segment III, 0.4 mm.; IV, 0.256 mm.; V, 0.256 mm.; VI, (0.175 mm.+0.144 mm.). Segment III is armed with a row of about 12 sensoria, which are minute and circular. Segment IV is without sensoria or with 2 or 3 very minute ones. Segment V has a row of about 6, while the base of segment VI has usually the same number. Hind tibia 0.56 mm.; hind tarsus 0.112 mm. Oviparous female.—Colour very similar indeed to that of the male. The femora, however, have a distinct‘dusky spot near their _ distal extremity, and the tibiz are more dusky than those of themale. Length from vertex to tip of cauda 1.84 mm. Antenne as follows: Segment III, 0.416 mm.; IV, 0.304 mm.; V, 0.112 mm.; VI, (0.176 mm.+0.176 mm.). All segments without sensoria, excepting the permanent one. Hind tibia 0.688 mm., somewhat ~ swollen and densely covered with circular, or sémewhat elongated — ~ sensoria. Body covered with the mushroom-like hairs sdestribed: in the viviparous forms. Described from specimens reared by the writer at East Falls Church, Va., during Oct., 1916, on Carex sp. Type in U.S. Nat. Museum Cat. No. 20721. EXPLANATION OF PLATEs I, II ANp III. Plate 1, Fi ‘ig. 1. Head of apterous viviparous form of S. americanus. e 2. Head of apterous viviparous form of S. ballit. 3. Head of oviparous form of S. elongatus. 4. Head of apterous viviparous form of S. flabellus. “5. Head of apterous viviparous form of S. scirpus. 6. Head of apterous viviparous form of S. virginicus. 1. View of portion of abdomenof S. flabellus showing hairs. 3 “2. View of portion of abdomen of S. americanus showing hairs. 2s ‘“ 3. View of portion of abdomen of S. virginicus show- - ing hairs. Plate 2, Fig. 1. Bete Can. ENnT., VoL. XLIX. PLATE II. SALTUSAPHIS—STRUCTURAL DETAILS. (See p. 8.) —e => ayes re = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 8) Plate 3, Fig.1. Wings of S. ballit. Y ‘2. Wings of S. flabellus. sf “3. Wings of S. virginicus. 3 ** 4, Segment III of antenna of alate viviparous form of S. virginicus. 5 “5. Segment III of antenna of alate viviparous form of S. flabellus. “6. Segment III of antenna of alate viviparous form of S. ballu. 2 “7. Segment III of antenna of male of S. virginicus. *e ‘8. Segment III of antenna of male S. americanus. is ‘9. Caudal extremity of apterous viviparous form of S. scirpus. ; ; 3 “ 10. Caudal extremity of oviparous form of S. elongaius. 5 “11. Caudal extremity of apterous viviparous form of S. flabellus. . 3 “12. Caudal extremity of apterous viviparous form of . S. americanus. rs “18. Caudal extremity of apterous viviparous form of S. ballii. " “14. Caudal extremity of apterous viviparous form of S. virginicus. ie “15. Hairs of S. scirpus. ¥ “16. Hair of S. virginicus. a “17. Hair of S. flabellus. NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA OF THE GENUS MORDELLISTENA. BY EMIL LILJEBLAD, CHICAGO, ILL. Material in the family Mordellida, one of the most neglecte 1 ‘of the families of the Coleoptera, neglected alike both by the collec- tor and the systematist, has long been sought by the writer. Hav- ing accumulated a large number of specimens, and the opportunity having been presented to make a thorough study of the forms at hand, not alone in my cabinet but in that of Mr. A. B. Wolcott, a January, 1917 10 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST few strikingly distinct species have keen reccgnized as yet unde- scribed. These it is deemed expedient to make known now. Quite a few other supposedly new species remain, but the author considers it the part of wisdem to await the acquisition of more extensive series before settling upon the validity of these forms. : Unless otherwise indicated, thie types of the species herewith described were collected by the writer and are to be found i in his collection. Mordellistena rutilfa, sp. nov. Hind tibia with two converging oblique ridges; first joint of hind tarsus with three, and the second with one oblique ridge. Ferruginous; nearly linear; head black, with front slightly ferruginous; thorax and elytra ferruginous, the latter slightly darker towards apex; under surface ferruginous; anal style very short. Length 4 mm. a One specimen from Eggers, Illinois, July 7. Collected by oe A. B. Wolcott, in whose collection the type is placed. This species is most nearly allied to Mordellistenatosta, but differs in having the tibial ridges converging, no trace of a third ridge, and the second joint of hind tarsus with only -one ridge. It is longer, nearly parallel, and with the head black. This should be placed in collections after M. atriceps. Mordellistena exilis, sp. nov. Hind tibia with two equal parallel ridges; first joint of hind — tarsus with four, second with two ridges. wa Black; nearly linear; head, mouth-parts and thorax ferruginous, — the last with a black median line reaching to middle; antennae — a little darker at apex; front legs and middle femora ferruginous, — the middle tibia and tarsi darker; hind femora and apex of tibia — ~ and tarsal joints black. Elytra black, with testaceous pubescence. ~ Beneath black, with coarser testaceous pubescence; anal style: ; long and slender. Length 4 mm. 4 One specimen from Ft. Sheridan, Illinois, August 7. This species has the form and size of Mordellistena marginalis, ¥ but is at once distinguished by the tibial ridges. : This is to follow M. fosta in a systematic arrangement. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 11 Mordellistena rufa, sp. nov. Hind tibia with two ridges, the anterior extending across the outer face of the tibia; first joint of hind tarsus with four and the second with two ridges. Ferruginous; elytra with the lateral margins from base to the middle and the suture black. Mesosternum black; hind coxal plate and abdomen clouded with black; anal style long and slender. Length 4 mm. One specimen: from Palos Park, Illinois, May 28. This species resembles M. ustulata, differing only in the ridges. It should follow M. splendens. Mordellistena insolita, sp. nov. Hind tibia with three oblique ridges, the upper one less de- veloped; the first and second joints of hind tarsus with three and the third with two small ridges. _ Subcuneate; head, thorax, anterior and middle femora ferru- ginous, tibia and tarsi darker; hind legs and under surface black, with cinereous pubescence. Elytra black, with silky, iridescent _ pubescence; anal style black, long and slender. Length $ mm. Two specimens from Lee County, Texas, April 1. Collected by Rev. G. Birkmann. Paratype in collection of A. B. Wolcott. This species somewhat resembles M. texana, but differsin the tibial and tarsal ridges, texana having four ridges on the tibia, and not any ridge on the third joint of the hind tarsus. It should follow M. singularis. Mordellistena vera, sp. nov. Hind tibia with three oblique ridges and a rudiment of a fourth; first joint of hind tarsus with four, second with two, and third with two ridges. Black; head and thorax sparsely covered with testaceous ; oR base of antennz, mouth-parts and legs reddish brown. _ Elytra covered with silky, reddish-brown pubescence, more densely on the suture, and forming a narrow, sutural line. Beneath black, with testaceous pubescence; abdominal segments reddish at apex; anal style long and slender. Length 5-5.5 mm. Three specimens. Type from St. Louis, Missouri, July 7. 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST — Paratypes from Paw Paw Lake, Michigan, August 18, and Evans- ton, Illinois, July 2; the latter in collection of A. B. Wolcott. Nearest allied to M. unicolor, but differs in size, being much longer, more robust and having two ridges on the third joint of hind tarsus. It should follow M. schauppii. Mordellistena pulchra, sp. nov. Hind tibia with three oblique ridges, the upper more ofl que; first joint of hind tarsus with four, second with three oblique ridges. Black; head ferruginous, with a dark cloud on vertex; mouth- parts dark; thorax rufous, with a narrow margin, the base, apical angles and a median line black; antenne dark brown; first and middle legs with femora black, the tibia and tarsi ferruginous; hind legs ferruginous, the tarsal joints black at apex. Elytra black, with fine cinereous pubescence; a wide rufous vitta from base nearly ‘to apex. Beneath black, with sides of hind coxal plates and basal joints of abdomen ferruginous; anal style short and slender, apical two-thirds black: Length 4 mm. One specimen from Bowmanville, Illinois, August 18. Judging from the original descriptions, this species has the colour and size of M. attenuata Say or vittigera Lec., but the tibial and tarsal ridges are entirely different. It should follow M. equalis. Mordellistena wolcotti, sp. nov. Hind tibia with three rather short, oblique ridges, which ex- q tend only one-third across the outer face of the tibia, and two small . rudimentary ridges; first joint of hind tarsus with six ridges, three small or rudimentary; second joint with two ridges. Form robust; head and thorax black, coarsely covered with 4 silky, yellowish pubescence; base of antenne and mouth-parts— 4 ferruginous; legs fuscous. Elytra rufous, slightly darker towards apex, with the base, suture, an oblique vitta from humerus to the _ middle, and a slightly oblique band behind the middle and apex, with silky, golden-yellow pubescence; beneath black, with yellowish pubescence; anal style long and slender, fuscous. Length 4.5 mm. — One specimen from McGregor, Iowa, July 16. Collected by A. B. Wolcott, in whose collection the type is placed. tye! re THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 13 This species is very unique, and I do not know of any described species that it at all resembles. It should follow M. pulchra. Mordellistena gigas, sp. nov. Hind tibia with four very oblique ridges; first joint of hind tarsus with five, second with two, and third with one oblique ridge. Subcuneate; head, thorax, mouth-parts, base of antennae, and legs rufous. Elytra black, finely punctured, with reddish brown iridescent pubescence; basal margin, a short oblique humeral vitta, narrow lateral margin and entire suture with golden yellow pubes- cence. Beneath testaceous; mesosternum, hind coxal plates, and _ the basal margins of first and second segments of abdomen fuscous; anal style fuscous at apex. Length 6 mm. One specimen from Edgebrook, Illinois, July 10. This is one of the largest species of Mordellistena I have seen. It is likewise a very handsome species, and may readily be recog- nized by its distinct colour and number of ridges. It should follow M. fusco-atra. RECENT STUDIES OF CANADIAN SPIDERS. BY J. H. EMERTON, BOSTON, MASS. For many years past I have worked on the spiders of New England, and as these have become better known and the collec- tions more complete, have from time to time wandered over into adjoining territory. In the summer of 1916 I made a visit to the © neighbouring part of Canada, with the object of seeing where and how far the familiar species extended in that direction. All authori- ties agreed that it was best to start early, so the cold and rainy weather of the middle of June found me at Ottawa, in company with Mr. W. T. M. Forbes, the lepidopterist, consulting with the resident entomologists where it was best to go and how to get there. The Ottawa Field Club had an- outing the next day, and in that helpful company I began operations at the Experimental Farm, the umbrella, which had become a constant companion, serving to catch the spiders shaken from hedges and the specimen trees of the Arboretum. As the weather improved, Mr. Gibson took us to the old lumber camp in Chelsea and up King’s Mountain, and later I January, 1917 4 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST went north to the end of the railroad at Maniwaki. At Montreal, -after a day in the cleared-up shrubbery of Mt. Royal and a fruitless visit to St. Hilaire, we, at last, with the help of Mr. Winn and Mr. Corcoran, found the way to some still unspoiled country on the farther side of Westmount, where, in a boggy wood, we found the same forest spiders as in the uncultivated spots at Ottawa and Hull. Consulting with the Montreal entemologists about the hilly country to the north we were recommended to Montfort, which proved to be an excellent collecting ground, with ponds and bogs 1,500 feet cr mcre-above the sea and a fauna of a more northern character than Montreal. Next we went to Sherbrooke and Megantic, but met wet weather again and only got a few samples of the local spiders. At Quebec, however, there was a week of fine weather, and following the directions of Mr. Boulton I explored the Gomin tog, and went for a couple of days to Beaupré and up Cap Tour- mente. My time was now getting short, but I took thesteamboat up the Saguenay and spent a day at Chicoutimi and in a flying visit to Lake St. John. About a hundred species of spiders were taken during this trip, and nearly all of these were species well — known in Maine and New Hampshire, and most of them all over New England and New York. A little north of the St. Lawrence River and up out of the valley were a few species which occur only in. Northern Maine and the upper forests of the White Mountains. Probably nearly all the species known in New England extend much farther north and west, and fifty of them are already known to extend across Canada to the Rocky Mountains, most of them — following the scuthern border of the spruce forest belt. The best examples of these are two species which live in cobwebs between the branches of small spruce and balsam trees and are compara- tively easy to find. Their distribution, as far as known, is shown — on the maps. One, Theridion zelotypum, extends over the whole of Maine except the southwest corner. It crosses New Hampshire at Lake Umbagog and Dixville Notch and extends north of the | Canadian boundary as far as Ottawa. It does not occur in the — White Mountains, the Adirondacks, Northern Vermont nor — = around Toronto. Farther west it begins again at Nipigon, on Lake Superior, and continues westward in spruce bogs to Prince Albert, _ Athabaska Landing, and Jasper Park in the Rocky Mountains. — = 15 NEY SE Sn ee ea \ an yl. SE a NdALOI3 _-NOIDIHIH1L {Oo MOLjzAgLAjerg hed | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST \ by SE. AEE. NE RE ES VWIILIYWAN JiHdGANIT fo unyngiaysia Fig. 1.—Distribution of Theridion zelotypum and Linyphia nearctica 16 - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Its northern limits are unknown. ‘The other species, Linyphia _ nearctica, lives in the forests of the New England mountains from 2,£00 feet up to 4,500 feet, or as far as trees grow. At Montfort, in the hills north of Montreal, at Dixville Notch and on Mt. Kinea, Me., it comes down to 1,500 feet. At Lake St. John and in Northern Maine it lives at the general level of the country, below 500 feet, and on the coast of Labrador and at Eastport, Me., at the sea level. Its range westward has not been traced, but it occurs at Laggan in the Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 5,000 feet. As the maps show, there are gaps to be filled in the distribution of even these common species. The Theridion probably follows westward along the Ottawa River and Lake Huron to Lake Superior. ~The Linyphia probably crosses Ontario farther north, perhaps alcng Hudson Bay. These two species outline, as well as anything _does, the so-called Canadian life zone. South of it another set of spiders occupy the country, and some of the species common in the meadows of Boston or Toronto are also common around the ponds of Edmonton. On the west coast another fauna extends north to ~ Alaska and its species mix through the mountains with the other — groups, some as far east as Medicine Hat. On the east coast, arctic species extend southward along the shores of Labrador and Newfoundland as far as Maine. I have tried to give here the out- lines that the study of Canadian spiders has to fill in, and it is gratifying to see how much is being done in this interesting field. — a At the Park Museum in Banff there is already a local collection of over fifty species, which is increased every season by the curator, Mr. Sanson. At the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto isalarger local collection and an interesting set of spiders from various points across the country from Nipigon to Vancouver Island, collected chiefly by Mr. T. B. Kurata. At Ottawa are the spiders collected before 1890 by J. B. Tyrell and other early ex- plorers of the Geological Survey, and more recent collections made in the way of their other work by entomologists in all parts of the a Dominion. Smal! collections of Canadian spiders from several correspondents are coming in this winter, and I am beginning to think about another summer excursion in Canada. 1 el ae) > eee ees. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 17 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. THE PLUM CURCULIO IN ONTARIO, NATURE AND EXTENT OF THE INJURIES, CONDITIONS FAVOURING THE INSECT, AND MEANS oF CONTROL. PART ee cinia ns FAVOURING THE INSECT, AMOUNT OF DAMAGE DONE, AND MEANS OF CONTROL. BY L. CAESAR, GUELPH, ONT. (Continued from vol. XLVIII, page 400.) __ As the Curculio winters, in the adult stage, under rubbish or in any good hiding place, and as the better the opportunities for good winter quarters the larger number of beetles that will come safely through the winter, we should naturally expect that orchards or parts of orchards bordering on thick woods, or waste places where long grass, weeds, brush or other rubbish abounds, or orchards that are badly neglected and have an abundance of weeds and rubbish within their own borders, would be worst infested. Such is the case, for, as a rule, in Ontario it is only orchards of this type that do suffer much from the Plum Curculio. AMOUNT OF THE INJURY. No accurate estimate of the amount of injury has been made for the Province as a whole, but I believe I am right in saying that the fruit in well-cultivated and well-sprayed orchards with clean surroundings suffers only to a very small extent, probably not more on an average than 1% to at most 5%. On the other hand the loss in neglected orchards or in the parts of well-cared-for orchards im- mediately adjoining ideal winter quarters for the beetle is some- times very great. Under such circumstances apricots, plums and sweet cherries sometimes have almost every fruit stung and de- stroyed, and nearly half of the apples, even on trees that are heavily laden, may be attacked and drop, or if the crop is a light one nearly all may be destroyed. The injury in the fall and late summer to peaches and apples seems to vary with the season. This year in the Niagara District in orchards where there is no doubt at all that there were thousands of new beetles in August and September, very little injury was done, only an occasional apple here and there, even in the dirtiest of sur- January, 1917 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sts roundings, being attacked, though in rearing cages the beetles fed freely upon the fruit. Some years, however, the: beetles do a great deal of damage in late summer and autumn. For instance, in © Prince Edward County one fruit-grower to whom I showed the sort of injury done by the beetles at that time of the year, stated that he had that year 15 tons of apples rendered culls by such i injuries. 3 Next year, after he had carried out the suggestions given below for control, he reported very little loss. MEANS OF CONTROL. 1. Natural enemies.—There is no doubt that cHimate con- ditions, as they vary from year to year, play a very important part in determining the relative abundance or fewness of these insects. They are also held in control to some extent by various predaceous and parasitic insects and by other animals, but not to such a degree ~ as to allow us to rely on them alone. 2. Clean surroundings.—The first step in the comital of the. Curculio should be a general cleaning up of the orchard itself and of its surroundings so far as this is practicable. Get rid of all rubbish, cut down thickets, remove stone piles, burn off old grass and all brush. In this way. the favourable conditions for hikecnations, ‘ are removed. 3. Cultivation. er is seldom that. one sees a> well-cilkeivated™ 4 orchard badly infested. Cultivation, especially if it can be con . tinued into the month of July without danger of winter injury to the trees, will kill the pupz in their easily broken earthen cases in the _ soil. It also seems to help in other ways, and by letting the sun _ light beat upon the fallen; infested apples and killing the larvae _ within by the excessive heat. Good pruning would also’ er in” this way. _ 4. Spraying with arsenicals. The best spray to use is arscnate — of lead at the strength of from 2 to 3 Ibs. to 40 gallons of dilute — lime-sulphur (strength 1.008 sp. gr.) or Bordeaux mixture. The 4 lime-sulphur or Bordeaux is added to control diseases. Fortunately the proper time to spray apples for this pest is just after the blossoms have fallen, which is, of course, the right time for the Codling Moth, Fe = also one of oy most important times for the scab fungus. — “The THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 19 _ and thorough. ~ If this work is well done, only in very badly in- _ fested orchards will it have to be repeated. In the latter case the best time to give the extra application will be in about 12 or 14 _ days after the one just mentioned. Plums and cherries should be sprayed with the same mixture, first, as soon as the fruit has set and the calyces have fallen, and then again in about two weeks’ time. Occasionally a third application two weeks later may be desirable. Peaches should be sprayed soon after the fruit is well set and all the enveloping parts of the flower have dropped, so.that the poison can cover the whole fruit. No lime-sulphur should be used, but only water or water with | or 2 lbs. of freshly slaked lime to every 40 - gallons. One spraying is sufficient for Ontario conditions if well given. Many peach orchards do not require any spraying for this pest. pay ~ It is well to remember that all the above methods should be cembined in the control of the Plum Curculio, for spraying alone _ though it will reduce the number of the insects will not thoroughly contrcl them, and experience has shown that cultivation and clean conditions in.and around the orchard are of very great value. Jarring used to be recommended, but in the writer’s opinion is im- _ practicable under modern conditions of fruit-growing. THE SHELL-BARK HICKORY MEALY-BUG. BY A. H. HOLLINGER, UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI, COLUMBIA, MO. (Continued from vol. XLVIII, page 413.) DESCRIPTION OF ADULT FEMALE. - Adult female when mounted: varying from 2.6 mm. x 2.2 mm. (at the beginning of oviposition) to 5.7mm..x 2.4 mm. (at the height of oviposition). Beak well developed and two-segmented, about 175 x 235 microns, the distal segment being about as long as the beak is wide; numerous sete are borne on the beak; innumerable body sete, averaging about 50 microns long, occur on both surfaces of the derm; in addition, innumerable, small (2 to 3 microns), obscurely triangular gland-pores occur all over the derm; also some slightly larger, circular gland-pores are in the cephalic region, and also along each abdominal segment and_ scattered % “January, 1917 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST through the thoracic region; antennz of two formule; 82137546 and 8(21)37564, (see figure 2, h); the graphic representation of - ; ee ee See Se eee we ch) a Fig. 2.—Pseudococcus jessica, n.sp.; adult female. the antennal segments as per diagram, (see figure 3); each segs a ment bears several setz and is relatively stout, the width of the — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 21 antenne averaging about 45 microns; the legs are relatively short and thick set. the extreme measurements being as follows: Coxu, — Tro, Femur, Tibia, Tarsus. Prothoracic leg (see .......... 88 x 126 103 x 59 188 x 100 147 x 50 94 x 35 figure AOD ihsenshaseiskesogestxe 103 x 126 115 x 50 206 x 100 144 x 44 100 x 41 Mesothoracicl eg (see 94 x 141 109 x 59 206 x 106 141 x 53 82? x 44 PRN SED iadecteescisnstesvacocses: 118 x 150 118 x 74 221 x 109 173 x 50 [| 106 x 38 Metathoracic leg (see 112 x 147 112 x 65 206 x 103 159 x 50 103 x 38 ME OY ninticccsssevccrsniosens 123 x 141 129 x 77 235 x 109 188 x 56 118 x 47 Tarsal claws vary from 32 to 40 microns; legs bearing numerous setz; the anal lobes are undeveloped, but each bearing its usual long seta, 132 microns long; sete of the genital opening are about 100 microns long; spiracles stout with undeveloped, cup-shaped disc, Length of Antennae in Microns 45 ‘f Segments. Figure 5, ss Fig. 3.—Pseudococcus jessica, n.sp.; measurements of antennal segments. see figures (e) and (f); body seta, in caudal region especially, numerous and well developed; “‘circumgenital’”’ type of gland-pores are located in the region of the genital opening but are not numerous, being scattered; cerari developed only in the caudal region, (see figure 2, g, which represents a conical seta of the anal cerari.) 22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULID&, DIPTERA). PART II.* BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA. N. ¥ This paper is a continuation of the first part under this title __ (Can. Ent., vol. XLVIII, pp. 42-53, February, 1916). Unless — stated otherwise the types of the new species are in Bho collection” of the author. é Family 7 ipulide. Subfamily Limnobine. Tribe Limnobinz. Genus Dicranomyia Stephens. Dicranomyia mel'eicauda, sp. n. - Antenne black throughout; thorax dark brown, the mesonotal “3 stripes very dark brown, wings with the stigma short, oval, very dark brown; abdomen dark brown with the ventral lobes of the : male hypopygium light yellow. . Male.—Length 5.8-6.7 mm.; wing 6.5-7.6 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antennz black throughout; seg- _ ments of the flagellum uniformly eke. Head black with a Very. sparse, grayish bloom. 2 j Mesonotum dark brown with a golden vailod bloom, most ap- 3 parent on the lateral margins of the prascutum and the median — : area of the scutum, prescutal stripes shiny, dark brown, particu- larly without pollen; scutellum dark brown, postnotum with a dense, yellowish gray bloom. Pleura dark brownish black with a grayish bloom on the posterior sclerites, more golden yellow on the — anterior sclerites. Halteres dark brown, the base of the stem more yellowish. Legs with the coxz brown, sparsely gray pruinose; trochanters and femora dull yellow, the latter soon passing into dark brown; tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a slight dusky or grayish tinge; stigma very prominent, oval, dark brown; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc short, ending about opposite — the origin of the sector; Sc: rather distant from the tip of Sei, this distance about equal to the short, oval stigma; Rs elongate, E arcuated at origin, more than twice the length of the basal deflee- -9 * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University. ; January, 1917 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 23 - tion of Rass; basal deflection of Cu at the fork of M; cell 1st M: closed. - Abdomen black, the basal segments indistinctly reddish medially, the caudal margins pale; basal sternites yellowish, the apical segments dark brown. Male hypopygium with the fleshy ventral lobes bright honey-yellow, the remainder of the hypopygium black, in great contrast with these lobes. Habitat.—Colorado. Holotype, &, Bear Creek, Morrison Co., Colorado; October 20, 1915 (Oslar). ’ Allotype, 2, with the tyre. ' Paratopotypes, 20 SQ. Tribe Antochint. “ai Genus Antocha Osten Sacken. Antocha monticola, sp. n. ~ Antenne brown; head grayish yellow; thoracic dorsum with- out stripes. Male.—Length 5.5 mm.; wing 7.1 mm. -Female.—Length 5-6.4 mm.; wing 7-8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown with a coarse, white pubescence; flagellar segments. rather small, the two or three apical segments longer than those segments immediately before them. Head grayish yellow, with an indistinct, narrow, 4 ; dark brown median line. Pronotum dark brown. Mesonotum light brownish yellow without distinct stripes; median area of the prescutum behind ‘more grayish pruinose; scutum light yellow, the median area grayish pruinose; scutellum yellowish white; postnotum brown. Pleura pale grayish yellow. Halteres short, pale yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxe pale yellow;:femora yellow, a little darkened apically; tibia brownish yellow, slightly darker at the extreme tips; tarsi dark brown. Wings whitish opalescent; stigma elongate, indistinct, yellowish; veins pale brown. Venation: cross-vein r present; cell /st Mz small; basal deflection of Cu before the fork of M. : Abdomen brownish yellow above, the apical segments darker; _ hypopygium orange. Habitat.—Colorado. 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Holotype, &, Platte Canyon, Colorado; July 17, 1915 (Oslar). Alloiype, 9, with the type. Paratopotype, 2 . Differs from A.. saxicola O. S. of Eastern North America in the antennal flagellar segments less elongated and paler coloured ; head more yellowish, the thorax without stripes, etc. Tribe Eriopterini.. Genus Ormosia Rondani. Ormosia nimbipennis, sp. n. Coloration reddish brown; wings dusky gray; cell 1st Me of the wings open, the outer deflection of Ms lacking; anal veins convergent. Male.—Length 4 mm.; wing 5.8-6 mm. e Female.—Length 5.4 mm.; wing 6.3 mm. Rostrum dull yellow; palpi brown. Antenne moderately elongate, uniform dark brown throughout. Head brownish gray. Mesonotum reddish brown without distinct stripes; interspaces with a dense,- yellow pilosity; tuberculate pits remote from the anterior margin of preescutum and closely approximated, separated from one another by a distance about equal to one-half the diameter of one; postnotum with a slight grayish pruinosity. Pleura pale brown with a sparse, gray pruinosity; sternum dull yellow. Halteres pale yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow, only a little darkened apically; tibiz and tarsi dark brown. Wings dusky gray; costal region and the stigma brownish; veins dark brown; wing membrane with abundant, short, appressed, black hairs. Venation: cell /st Mz open, the outer deflection of Ms being absent; cross-vein 7 usually a little shorter than the portion of Re before it; Re+s about equal to the deflection of Ras; petiole of Me short, less than the pane de- flection of Cz; anal veins convergent. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little lighter; hypo- — pygium with the pleural appendages acicular at their apices, black; a prominent median appendage, rectangular, the base and head slightly expanded, the latter squarely truncated or slightly concave acrcss the tip. : Habitat.—Northeastern United States. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 25 2 Heloiype, &, Woodworth’s Lake, Fulton Co., New York; _ altitude 1,600 fect; August 13, 1916 (Alexander). Alloiype, 9, with the type. Paratcpetypes, 1007 2. Related to O. monticola O. S.; antennz shorter and the flagellar segirents not so greatly attenuated; wings more nearly hyaline. ' Male.—Length 3.7-3.8 mm.; wing 4.4-4.8 mm. -__ Restrum and palpi dark brown. Antennz dark brown; seg- ments only moderately elongated, not greatly attenuated as in - monticola; each flagellar segment with a slight, apical, narrowed stem that is equal to about one-half the basal swelling; each seg- . ment with abundant rather short hairs and verticils. Head dark brown. Pronotal scutellum dull, light yellow. Mesonotum reddish with a sparse, gray bloom; thoracic stripes indistinct. Pleura __ pale brown, very sparsely gray pruinose. Halteres short, the _ knobs large, pale brown. Legs with the coxz and trochanters pale _ yellowish brown; femora dark brown, paler basally; tibize and tarsi brown. Wings pale grayish subhyaline, the costal region and stigma more brownish; veins dark brown. Venation: cell 1st M2 open; anal veins slightly convergent. ‘. Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium a little more reddish, ~ - -Hypopygium with the pleural appendages short, blunt, slightly curved. Habitat—Northeastern United States. _ Holotype, &, Simmon’s Woods, Gloversville, Fulton Co., New York; altitude 900 feet; June 22, 1916 (Alexander). Paratopotype, &.- . Related to O. monticola O. S. (Mon. Dipt. N. Am., pt. 4, pp. 145, 146; 1869), but the antennal segments much shorter, the in- dividual segments of the flagellum not greatly attenuated and with the hairs and verticils shorter; no indication of the paler apices to the flagellar segments, and the hypopygial details different. . O. monticola is a late summer species, most abundant in _ August; O. mesocera appears to be more vernal in its appearance on the wing. ze : a» Z Ormosia mesccera, sp. n, a Es S 26 ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Ormosia megacera, sp. n. Related to O. divergens Dietz; antennez of the male elongated, nodulose; anal veins strongly divergent; body coloration dark brown; appendages of the male hypopygium strongly curved. Male.—Length 3.3-3.7 mm.; wing 4.8-6 mm. Rostrum and palpi short, dark brown. Antennz dark brown; flagellar segments greatly elongated, tapering at both ends, espe- cially apically; hairs and verticils on the segments as long as the segments themselves; whole antennz nearly as long as the body. Head dark brown. Pronotum pale whitish. Mesonotal prescutum dark brown with three still darker brown’stripes, the median one very broad; scutum brown, the lobes with darker centres; scutellum and post- notum dark brown, sparsely gray pruinose. Pleura and sternum dark brown, rather heavily gray pruinose; dorso-pleural membranes dirty yellow. Halteres dark brown, the extreme base yellowish. Legs with.the coxe pale gray; trochanters and femora pale, the latter darker apically, tibize and tarsi dark brown. Wings almost hyaline, but with a faint, gray tinge; costal area a little more suffused; stigma ill-defined; veins dark brown. Venation: cell 1st M2 open, the outer deflection of Ms lacking; anal veins strongly divergent; 2nd A short and straight. Abdomen dark brown, including the hypopygium; hypopygium with the pleural appendages black, in the form of chitinized hooks that are strongly curved. Habitat.—Northeastern United States. Holotype, @, Simmon’s Woods, Gloversville, Fulton Co., New York; altitude 900 feet; June 22, 1916 (Alexander). Paratopotypes, 2 o's. Related to O. divergens Dietz (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. 42, p. 144; 1916) which is reddish brown in colour, and the hypopygium of the male very differently constructed. Genus 7rimicra Osten Sacken. Trimicra angularis, sp. n. Antenne black; head yellow with a black median line; pra- q scutum yellow with three dark brown stripes; pleura yellow with two stripes; abdomen yellow with the segments marked with brown; wings gray with sparse brown markings. a4 ait ee ieee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ZT Male.—Length 5 mm.; wing 5.2 mm. Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the first segment yellowish; remainder of the antennze dark brownish black, the flagellar segments short-cylindrical. Head broad, light yellow, palest on the front, richer on the vertex and occiput; a dark brown linear mark on the head. Mesonctal prascutum light yellow, with three very broad, dark brown stripes that are confluent behind, the middle stripe “ending before the transverse suture; tuberculate pits at nearly mid- length of the sclerite, rather linear, separated by a distance equal to nearly twice the short diameter of one; scutum light yellow, the ~ lobes largely dark brown, this consisting of-two confluent blotches; seutellum light yellow, broadly dark brown medially, broadest anteriorly postnotum yellowish basally, brown caudally. Pleura yellow with two indistinct and somewhat interrupted lateral stripes, the dorsal one passing above the root of the halteres, the ventral one including the sides of the sternum; sternum yellow, except the sides and a narrow, dark brown, median line on the mesosternum; dorso-pleural membranes dusky. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxee and trochanters light yellow; remainder of the legs broken. Wings broad, the anal angle prominent; membrane light gray with strall, grayish brown spots as follows: At the origin of Rs, at r, - tip of Ri, fork of Rs, along the cord and outer end of cell 1st M2; veins dark brown. Venation: Sce far removed from the tip of Sci, lying just distad of the origin of Rs; r lying far from the tip cf Ri, this distance equal to about one-half of Rs; cell 1st M2 closed, narrowed at its inner end; basal deflection of Cu far before the fork of M; second anal slightly bisinuate. Abdominal tergites dull yellow, more brownish basally, a dark brown median blotch on each segment; sternites dull yellow, dark brown medially, the apical segments clearer yellow. Hypopygium with two broad, flattened lobes under the 9th tergite, these heavily chitinized on their dorsal edges; pleurites long, slender, somewhat digitiform; appendages black. Habitat.—Utah. Holotype, &, mouth of Bear River, Utah; Sept. 16, 1914 (A. Wetmore). Type in the collection of the United States Biological Survey. 28 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The reference to Trimicra is somewhat provisional, although probably correct. , Genus Rhabdomastix Skuse. Subgenus Sacandaga Alexander. Rhabdomastix flava colcradensis, subsp. n. Allied to R. flava flava; antennal flagellum black; pleure white-pruinose; femora and tibia tipped with brownish; wings with Rezalmost perpendicular to Res; Rs almost straight; m very long. Male.—Length 5.5 mm.; wing 6.9 mm. . Rostrum and palpi brown. Antenne with the first scapal segment yellowish, the remainder of the organ black. Head ’. pinkish gray with a very narrow and indistinct median line of darker. Pronotum yellowish, a little browner medially, the sides of the scutellum whitish. Mesonotal prascutum dull whitish yellow, dusted sparsely with a grayish pollen, and with three broad, reddish- brown stripes; the broad, middle stripe ends far before the trans- verse suture and is slightly bifid caudally; scutum with the median area whitish, the outer lateral portions of the lobes dark brown; scutellum bright yellow; postnotum reddish brown, sparsely prui- nose. Pleura yellow, more bluish’ white pruinose on the meso- ~ . pleurites. Halteres light yellow. Legs with the coxe brownish; trochanters dull yellow; femora light brown, broadly tipped with dark brown; tibie brown, very narrowly tipped with darker; tarsi brown. Wings opalescent, subhyaline; costal region a little more yellowish; stigma ill-defined, yellowish brown, veins dark brown. Venation: Re short, almost perpendicular to Ris at the fork; crcss-vein m very long so that the outer deflection of Ms is greatly reduced, almost punctiform. Abdominal tergites brownish yellow; sternites a little brightest Habitat.—Colorado. Holotype, o&, Platte Canyon. Colorado, July 17, 1915 (Oslar). — Close to typical flava Alexander of Northeastern America, — but sufficiently distinguished by the black antennal flagellum, the — mesopleura more whitish pruinose, the femora and tibie tipped — with brown and in the slightly different venational details. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST . 29 Genus Crypteria Bergroth. Crypteria americana, sp. n. Body coloration reddish, wings subhyaline, the radial cross- vein present. Female.—Length 5 mm.; wing 6.4 mm. Rostrum brownish yellow; palpi brown. Antenne dark brown throughout; fusion segment composed of the first five flagellar segments; remaining nine flagellar segments elongate- oval. Head clear, light gray. Thoracic dorsum reddish with a very sparse whitish bloom; stripes indistinct; a small group of long, black bristles on each side of the pronctal scutum, mcsonctal prascutum with a row of similar bristles on each side of the bread median area; scutellum more yellowish. Pleura yellow, with a sparse, bluish bloom on the mesopleurites. Halteres pale, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxe and trochanters light yellow; femora light brown, a little brighter basally, tibiz and metatarsi light brown; remainder F of tarsi dark brownish black. Wings grayish subhyaline; veins dark brown. Venation: Sc: elongate, ending just beyond the radial cross-vein; Scz removed from the tip of Sci to a distance about equal to the basal deflection of Cu; Rs elongate, arcuated; Re+3 moderate, a little longer than cell {st Me; cross-vein r ‘present; basal deflection of Rssshort; cross-vein r-m long, arcuated, cell 1s¢ M2 elongate, pentagonal; cell M very deep, a ‘little longer than its petiole; basal deflection of Cui just before the middle of cell 1st Mz; second anal vein very elongate, subsinuate, ending about opposite the middle of the long sector, Abdominal tergites brown; sternites light yellow; valves of the Ovipositor elongate, strongly upcurved. Habitat.—Oregon. Holotype, 2, Mt. Angel, Oregon (F. Epper). Type in the collection of the United States National Museum. _ This interesting crane-fly is the first described, New World representative of the genus. It agrees closely with the genotype, C. limnophiloides Bergroth of northern Europe, differing in the more reddish body coloration and in certain venational features, especially in the retention of the radial cross-vein. 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Tribe Pedicintz. Genus Tricyphona Zetterstedt. Tricyphona autumnalis, sp. n. Allied to T. calcar O. S.; female with the wings semi-atrophied and the valves of the ovipositor straight; male with the hypopygium provided with conspicuous long hairs. Male.—Length 13.5-15 mm.; wing 13.5-14 mm. ° Female.—Length 20 mm.; wing 9.6 mm. Male.—Rostrum dull yellow, the palpi dark brown. An- tennz with the scapal segments dull, brownish yellow, the five or six basal segments of the flagellum yellowish, thence passing into dark brown at the tip of the organ. Head light gray, indistinctly darker medially, the frontal tubercle blackish; vertex with long yellowish hairs inserted in black punctures. Mesonotal prescutum yellowish with three indistinct, reddish yellow stripes; scutellum and postnotum whitish yellow. Pleura whitish yellow. Halteres yellow, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters light yellow; femora yellow, passing into brownish at the tips; tibiz yellow, narrowly dark brown at the tips; tarsi dark brown. Wings yellowish subhyaline, the costal region more saturate yellow; stigma brown; veins brown. Vena- tion: vein _R 4s forked, the petiole very short, subequal to the ; r-m cross-vein. Abdominal tergites dark brown, a little paler caudally; basal sternites yellowish, terminal sternites brown, the segments narrowly ringed with paler on the caudal margins. Hypopygium with the pleurites and appendages dark brown, densely long-hairy. Female.—Similar to the o& but the antenne shorter; wings relatively very small, semi-atrophied; femora and tibiz with the dark apices less distinct; valves of the ovipositor powerful, almost — straight. Habitat.—Northeastern United States and Eastern Canada: Holotype, &, Woodworth’s Lake, Fulton Co. . New Xorks altitude 1,600 feet ; September 2, 1916 (Alexander), Allotype, 2, with the type. Paratopotypes, 25 32; paratypes, o&, Meach Lake, Quebec, Sept. 2, 1903 (Jas. Fletcher); o, Rostrevor, Quebec, Sept. 2, 1907 : (A. Gibson); @ 9, Katahdin, Piscataquis Co., Maine, Aug. 22, s _—e ‘ Fs ni
  • 31 1913 (Alexander); o’, Orono, Penobscot Co., Maine, Aug. 14, 1913 (Alexander); 2, Roque Bluff, Washington Co., Maine, Aug. 13,° 1913 (Morse); o& 2, Ellsworth, Hancock Co., Maine, Aug. 3 to 21, 1913 (Stanwood); o&@, South Portland, Maine, Sept. 4, 1913 (Alexander) ; Dug Mt., Hamilton Co., N. Y., Aug. 8, 1912 (Young); Mt. Pinnacle, Fulton Co., N. Y., Aug. 5, 1913 (Alexander); o, Nerth Fairhaven, Cayuga Co., N. Y., Sept. 12, 1914 (Alexander); o&, Grand Island, Erie Co., N. Y., Sept. 6, 1909 (M. C. Van Duzee). (To be continued.) BOOK REVIEWS. BIOLOGIA CENTRALI-AMERICANA. Insecta, Lepidoptera—Hetero- cera, Vol. IV, Tineina, Pterophorina, Orneodina and Pyralidina and Hepialina (part). By the Right Hon. Lord Walsingham, 1909-1915, London. Volume IV of the Biologia Centrali-Americana, by Lord _ Walsingham, a most important contribution to our knowledge of the Micro-lepidoptera, has, up to the present time, not been re- viewed by any of the entomological journals of the United States or of Canada. This is probably due, not to a failure to appreciate it at its true value, but to the fact that Mr. August Busck, the one best fitted to make the review, of American micro-lepidopterists, assisted in the work of its preparation. The present writer does not intend this to be taken in the sense of a review, but rather as a note of cengratulation which may call more general attention to the successful completion of this great work, in which the micro- lepidopterist is more especially interested. The volume comprises an exhaustive study of the Tineina, Pierophorina and Orneodina of Central America, and includes also a few species of Pyralidina and Hepialina, as additions to the list given by Mr. H. Druce, in vols. I and II of the Biologia Centrali- Americana. There are listed 1,025 species, 225 genera and 27 families, of which 586 species, 54 genera and 2 families are described as new. In the majority of instances descriptions of new genera are ac- _ companied by cuts, from drawings made by Mr. J. H. Durrant, a vo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST showing the head in profile, and the neuration of both wings. Ten excellent plates in cclour are given portraying 350 species. The collaboration of three specialists of such recognized standing as Lord Walsingham, Mr. J. H. Durrant, his assistant, and of Mr. August Busck, has resulted in a valuable production which commands careful and respectful consideration. The conclusion that secondary sexual characters should be discarded, as a means for delimiting genera, while not a new one, as stated by the author, has not won the universal approval that. should be accorded it. Lord Walsingham is, therefore, to be con- gratulated on having been the first to apply this principle in such a comprehensive manner. A list of genera in which these characters are eliminated as a means of generic classification has, of ‘course, led to the sinking of a number of old and well established names as synonyms. Under Eucosma Hb., for example, are placed such familiar names as Epiblema Hb., Epinotia Hb., and Thiodia Hb. The bibliographical work has been done most thoroughly and will make this work indispensable to all who specialize within the groups treated. Attention is called, by the author, to the necessity for more careful work in the description of neuration, and to the fact that it is necessary, in most cases, to denude the wing and study it under the miscroscope. This is undoubtedly true and too much reliance should not be placed upon descriptions based upon older and more inadequate methods. The writer wishes to call particular _ attention to the helpfulness of the many drawings illustrating the — text, and regrets that it was not possible to carry out this plan of — illustration for every genus described as new. An adequate verbal description of the neuration of a new genus, for example, is doubt- — 3 less possible, but doubtless also it is seldom, if ever, given. The writer is informed that, by am unusually thoughtful a arrangement, drawings of unique types were placed, where speci- _ mens of the insects were lacking, with either the British or the g United States Museum. This feature has added greatly to the 3 usefulness of the book itself and of the collections of the two ~ museums mentioned. ie THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 33 Lord Walsingham has surely won the thanks of all students of micro-lepidoptera, and especially of those on this side of the Atlantic, for his great and helpful contribution. Cnas. R. Evy. Cueek List oF THE HEMIPTERA (EXCEPTING THE APHIDIDA, ALEURODIDA AND Coccip#) OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICco. By Edward P. Van Duzee. N. Y., New York Entomclogical Society, 1916. All Hemipterists will welcome the appearance of Dr. Van Duzee’s Check List of North American Hemiptera, as it gives them, at last, a complete list of the species of this order (with the exception of the three families mentioned) found within the territory indicated in the title, and includes their systematic arrangement, full synonymy, the date of each name and roughly the distribution of each species. Dr. Van Duzee has followed the lines of the Oshanin Katalog of Palearctic Hemiptera, and has included the results of the latest and best systematic studies dealing with this order. The list begins with the family Scutelleride and follows, in reverse order, the system published by Reuter. The rule of priority has been followed throughout the work, and the synonymy includes that ofall the higher group names as well as that of the genera and species. Different types are used for the various grades of group names, the generic and specific ap- pearing in bold-faced type, and the synonyms in italics. The list gives the names of 698 genera and 2,945 species, and concludes with an index to the generic and higher group names, a feature which greatly facilitates its use. Dr. Van Duzee is to be highly congratulated on the completion of his invaluable work, and students of Hemiptera and of general and applied entomology will all feel deeply indebted to him and will await with great interest the appearance of the fuller and more -complete bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the Hemip- tera, which will be published in the near future. G. A. M. 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST THE SARCOPHAGIDA OF NORTH AMERICA. Sarcophaga and Allies in Norih America. By J. M. Aldrich. Memoir of the Thomas Say Foundation of the Entomological Society of | America. Lafayette, Ind., 302 pp., 16 pls. (Published November 30, 1916.) This attractive volume constitutes the first Memoir of the Thomas Say Foundation of the Entomological Society of America, and it is peculiarly appropriate that it should be the work of the Editor of the Foundation. At the Columbus meeting of the Entomological Society of America in December, 1915, a standing committee was established under the name of “The Thomas Say Foundation,” the purpose of which is ‘for the publication of works of a monographie or bibliographic character on the insects of North America.” The establishment of this Foundation is the outcome of a proposal made to the Society in 1913 by Mr. Nathan Banks. As its success must depend on the financial assistance it receives from those interested in its publications, it is to be hoped that generous support will be forthcoming from all who desire to assist in the production of a series of monographs on American entomology _ somewhat similar to the well-known monographs of the Ray Society. Dr. Aldrich could not have selected a more desirable group for monographic treatment than the Sarcophagide. Entomologists have been confronted for some time with the almost hopeless task of identifying the species of this group of flies, the discovery of whose diverse habits has demonstrated how important they are “ aie Madera” Tepe Bee eee st ee from biological and economic standpoints. The flies are larviparous " and the habitats of the larve range from decomposing animal substances and excrement, to the bodies of warm-blooded verte- brates. They appear to show ’an interesting transition from the habit of devouring dead insects to parasitism upon living ones. Only those who. have endeavored to identify the species” of . 3 Sarcophaga will appreciate the difficulty of using the old descrip-— “¥ tions, and Dr. Aldrich (and with his work we would couple the ex- cellent work of Dr. R. R. Parker in the same group) has endeavored ~~ =a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 35 ‘to raise what he rightly calls the “‘virtual blockade”’ in this group. ‘The chief object of the author has been to make the species recog- nizable and their determination as easy as possible. To this end he has subordinated the desire so frequently prevalent among certain systematists to create a large number of geriera. Had he not been conservative in this respect there is little doubt that no one but the author would have been able to recognize the genera. ' The author’s remarks on this aspect of the subject will find much sympathy among working entomologists. He says: “A survey of the present status of the Muscoid Diptera indicates unmistakably that our great need is not more genera, but a more complete knowledge of species. The tendency of extreme generic specializa- - tion is to erect about itself impenetrable barriers of names, as is well illustrated by Desvoidy and Bauer. Genera conceived in this mental atmosphere are likely to be almost wholly subjective - ereations, which make no impression on the minds of others. The argument that the classification must express the relations has its dangers, partly from the subjective elements involved, and partly from the fact that the classification has also another important function—to provide us with names for our species, which should be as stable as possible if they are to have any usefulness. Further- more, to separate a species from the genus in which it has been located expresses one relation, that of difference; but it obscures ' another, that of resemblance, which may be more important. One of the main objects of the present work is to make the identifica- tion of species as simple and certain as possible, and thus to attract biological and economic workers to the group. This object would inevitably be defeated by the erection of a considerable number of separated genera. These are the governing considerations which have prompted the preservation as nearly as practicable of the old genus Sarcophaga.” oo The species are separated on the characters of the genitalia which. method of separation in this group was first employed by Parker‘in his study of the Sarcophagide of New England. The taxonomic value of the genitalia in different groups of insects, such as Diptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera and Mallophaga, is now being clearly demonstrated by different workers, and a valuable and 36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST comparatively simple means of identification is thus being put into the hands of working entomologists. In this monograph one hundred and forty-five species and varieties belonging to sixteen genera are’'described. Excellent figures are given of the genitalia in one hundred and thirty-eight cases. The species can be readily divided into eight groups by not restricting the separation to generic characters but by using the most salient and easily recognizable characters that can be © found. In a large number of cases the female has not been de- scribed, and the author rightly admits the possibility of errors occurring through the identification of females with the wrong _ males, as few pairs collected in copula exist in the collections he has examined, which collections, by the way, include the chief collections of Sarcophagidz on this continent. Ad ee Le ee eR Re ey ae Oe AM Ninety-five new species are described and several new varieties. Five of these new species and one new variety occur in Canada. - When we remember that in the author’s Catalogue of North __ - American Diptera, one hundred and six nominal species of Sar- cophaga were listed and that hardly more than half a dozen of these had been described in a manner that would permit recogni- — tion, the extent of our indebtedness to him for this contribution will be readily appreciated. He has placed both systematists and economic workers under a debt of gratitude for his painstaking work which will undoubtedly stimulate others to study this group of flies, the investigation of whose habits is rapidly disclosing the economic importance of the group. We cannot conclude this review without remarking on the excellent manner in which the monograph is printed and bound, and we hope that this standard will be maintained in future volumes of this series. It is unfortunate that in the author's desire to make the work immediately available, a number of typographical errors ~ have been overlooked, and we think that the inclusion of an out- ~ line sketch of Sarcophaga would have added to the value of the introductory description. - C. GORDON HEWITT. Mailed January 24th, 1917. CAN. ENT., VOL. XLIX. PLATE IV. EDMUND BAYNES REED. Original member of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 1863-1916. he Ganadiay Fautomologist VoL. XLIX. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1917 . No. 2 EDMUND BAYNES REED. Few of the present members of the Entomological Society of Ontario have any knowledge of the pioneer work which was done more than half a century ago by a small band of enthusiastic entomologists. Very few of those who joined in its organization on the 16th of April, 1863, survived to witness its Jubilee three years ago; among these were Mr. Edmund Baynes Reed, and now he has in his turn been removed by death after a long illness due to heart trouble. He died at Victoria, B.C., on Saturday, November 18th, in the 79th year of his age. Mr. Reed came to Canada from England when a young man and settled in London, Ontario, where for some years he practiced his profession as a lawyer. The kind of work it entailed was not very congenial to him, and was consequently abandoned. As a devoted member of the Church of England, he took a _keen and active interest in its concerns, and became Secretary- Treasurer of the Synod of the Diocese of Huron—a position which he continued to hold until his removal to British Columbia in the year 1890. From his boyhood days in England he was devoted to Natural History, and especially to the collection and study of insects. To these pursuits he devoted most of his leisure hours, and when the Society was formed he became one of its most energetic and useful members. To him was chiefly due the establishment of the library which is now one of the most valuable of the kind in the Dominion. In co-operation with Dr. William Saunders he was instrumental in forming the London Branch of the Society, which grew and flourished for several years and was finally absorbed by the parent Society when its headquarters were removed to London. When it was decided to send a representative collection of Canadian insects to the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, Mr. Reed devoted all his spare time during many months to its prepara- 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST tion and contributed the whole of his collections. He was Secre- tary-Treasurer of the Society in 1871 to 1873 and from 1880 to 1886; member of the Council from 1874 to 1876; Vice-President in 1874, 1877 and from 1887 to 1889; and during most of these years Curator and Librarian as well. | The following extract from the report of the Council for the year ending August 31st, 1890, is a well-merited appreciation of the many services that he rendered to the Society: ‘‘The Council desire to place en record their feelings of deep regret at the removal of Mr. Reed from this Province and the loss which the Society thereby sustains. Mr. Reed is one of the original members of this Society, and for more than a quarter of a century has been one of the most active and zealous of its officials, filling at different — times the positions of Vice-President, Secretary-Treasurer, Li- brarian, Curator and Auditor. To him it is especially due that the Library has grown to its present dimensions and value, and that so much progress has been made by the Society in many directions. The Council beg to thank Mr.Reed for his services in the past, and wish him all possible success and prosperity in his new and important sphere of labour.”’ When the Society was called upon in 1870 to make its first Annual Report on insects in relation to agriculture and fruit- growing, Mr. Reed joined with Dr. Saunders and Dr. Bethune and contributed the article on “Insects affecting the Plum; a further article in continuation of the same subject was published in the Second Report, and also papers on ‘‘ Insects injurious to the _ Potato,”’ and “Insects attacking the Cucumber, Melon, Pumpkin and Squash.”. His further contributions to the annual reports © were “Insects affecting Maple Trees,’ “Insects affecting the Peach,’’ and addendum to the “Insects injurious to the Potato”’ (8rd° Report, 1872); ‘‘On some common insects which affect the | Horse, the Ox and the Sheep”’ (4th Report, 1873); ‘‘Entomological Contributions: The Io Moth, the Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer and the Locust-tree Borer” (5th Report, 1874); ‘“Sphingida— Hawk-moths”’ (12th Report, 1881); ‘‘ Diptera—Two-winged Flies” (13th Report, 1882); and a number of short notes in several of the volumes. He also prepared a useful Index to the first thirteen Reports 1870-1882, a pamphlet of 35 pages. te i. -) } f eT. as So aed Sie THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 39 Mr. Reed was also a constant contributor to the Canadian Entomologist. His articles related chiefly to the Lepidoptera and included descriptions of larve, records of rare captures, collect- ing notes, and popular papers on various common insects. He was equally interested in both systematic and-economic Entomology. Though specially devoted to the study of insects, he was for many years engaged as an amateur in taking meteorological ob- servations. In co-operation with the Observatory at Toronto, he installed the necessary apparatus, using the tower of the Cathe- dral for his anemometer and vanes, and connecting them with his house which was near by. His records were so accurate and satisfactory that he was selected to take charge of a newly-estab- lished Observatory at Victoria, British Columbia, to which place he removed in 1890 and there remained for six and twenty years— respected by all who came in contact with him and beloved by his friends. During Mr. Reed’s residence in London the writer had the pleasure of intimate friendship with him, and often enjoyed his hospitality when attending the Annual Meetings of the Society. He was always an agreeable and sympathetic companion, merry and vivacious, cheerful and happy hearted. Since his removal to the distant Pacific Coast, the friendship has been maintained by correspondence in default of ever meeting; his last letters re- lated to the celebration of the Society’s Jubilee, in which he was deeply interested. C. J. S. BETHUNE, POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. ON THE PORTRAIT OF A WOLF SPIDER. BY CHARLES MACNAMARA, ARNPRIOR, ONTARIO. The number of species of insects and their allies in the world is a frequent subject of discussion among entomologists, and it may be remarked that writers differ a good deal on the question. But I have never come across any. attempt at a general insect census. Doubtless the numbers are too appalling, and the would-be enumera- tor must shrink aghast before the frightful superabundance of invertebrate life. To count the stars of the Milky Way would be February, 1917 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST easy compared with numbering these little creatures. If the task were attempted, the ordinary units of our decimal notation would be found useless, and our only hope would be to adopt some vast measure like the “light-years” of the astronomer. But if we can- not even guess at the number of individuals in these lower forms of life, we may at least form some rough estimate of the relative abundance of the various orders and like divisions. But here again there are likely to be decided differences of opinion. There is such a tremendous flow and ebb in the tide of “insect’’ life—using the term in its wide, popular significance— that it is not easy to infer which kind is really in the majority. Speaking of conditions in this country, the student of pond-life | must be persuaded that at certain times of year there are more Daphnia and Cyclops and other minute crustaceans in his pools than any other form of Arthropoda in the district. Again some- times lepidopterous larve, such as the tent-caterpillar and the army-worm, seem to outnumber all other insects. May-flies and grasshoppers also appear on occasion in immense numbers. The minute springtail, too, must not be forgotten, for certain species of this family sometimes emerge in winter in such abundance as to blacken the snow over considerable areas. Mosquitoes are quite as plentiful as anyone could desire, but we are perhaps apt to over- estimate their importance in the numerical scale on account of their obtrusive manners which force them unduly on our attention, and the same is true of the house-fly. But I was long convinced that ants must hold the record for numbers of individuals, for any- one who has collected them must have been struck by their wide distribution and their great abundance. They are to be found simply everywhere: in dense woods, mossy swamps, dry, open fields, rocky hills, and hot, sandy beaches. The sacred dwelling of man himself is seldom exempt. One or other species of the Formicidz adapts itself to these most varied habitats, and flourishes in all. However, I recently changed my opinion on this point. In the course of a forty-mile drive on the-first of October last through parts of the counties of Renfrew, Lanark and Carleton in Ontario, I was fairly astounded at the evidence of the numbers of spiders there must be in the country. Our road lay mostly through culti- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 41 - vated land, and everywhere over the tens of thousands of acres we passed were laid the gossamer threads of spiders, so thickly set that I doubt if one could have placed as much as a finger tip any- where in the fields. without touching several strands of the webs. Every tall weed and every fence streamed with the threads, and towards evening the rays of the westering sun were reflected from the shimmering fields like moonlight on a lake. All this was the - work of so-called gossamer spiders, formerly thought to be a dis- tinct kind but now known to include the young of many different species. The number of individuals necessary to produce the wonderful effect must have been stupendous indeed, for our drive did not circumscribe the area thus affected, and no doubt the same condition obtained for many miles around our course. Spiders are always connected in the popular mind with the spinning of webs and snares to catch the unwary fly, but a great many species resort to no such subterfuge. Of course, all true spiders can spin, but many use their silk only for the manufacture of egg-bags or to line their burrows, or as a life-line by which they can drop from danger or save themselves from a fall. Chief among those that spin no web may be mentioned the Attids or Jumping Spiders which leap on their victims unawares; the Thomis- ids or Crab Spiders that lie in wait in flowers to seize insects that come in search of nectar; and the Lycosids or Wolf Spiders, exceed- ingly active runners, that hunt down their quarry in much the same manner as their mammal namesakes. Of these three families - the Wolf Spiders are by far the commonest, and are found every- where in great variety. The original of the accompanying “ por- trait’’ belonged to a rather small-sized species numerously inhabit- ing a sandy beach on the shores of the Ottawa River near Arn- prior. The claw terminating the palp shows this specimen to be a female, for the palps of male spiders end in a curious knob-like organ. This species, which is a typically swift runner, is thickly clothed with very fine, light brown hair, with darker markings—it might almost be called a ‘‘fur’’—a coloration well calculated to conceal it in its sandy habitat. Indeed, I seldom saw one of these spiders on my frequent visits to this spot during the summer, but one day in the late autumn I noticed the surface of the beach dotted with scores of tiny heaps of fresh, damp sand. On investiga-. 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST tion each of these was found to close the mouth of a vertical tunnel twelve to eighteen inches deep, at the bottom of which was a torpid spider of this species, evidently retired for the winter. Obviously the spider population of the beach was much greater than I had suspected. Keenness of vision is as necessary to the wolf spider as agile limbs, and so it is well provided with eyes, which are, too, much better developed than those of the snare weavers that depend largely on their sense of touch to acquaint them of the approach of their prey. Apparently the ‘‘Wolf’’ can see in every direction, above, before and behind. On the front of its head a row of four small eyes surmounted by two larger ones inform it of happenings before it and to either side, while two other large eyes on the top of the head are directed upwards and backwards. The powerful jaws, armed with a pair of needle-sharp fangs, each grooved with a poison duct, are almost hidden by the long hair covering them. She has indeed a repulsive countenance. We are often told of the beauties revealed by the microscope. In this case it is a horror that has been disclosed. But the race is not always to the swift nor the battle to the strong, for with all her panoply, this redoubt- able spider was overcome by an antagonist more terrible yet, as I will relate. . One day in early September when seated on a log at my favorite _ beach, and taking a quiet entomological survey of the surroundings. I suddenly caught sight of an extraordinary many-legged insect buzzing rapidly across the sand towards me. A second glance resolved the anomaly into a digger wasp dragging with it a wolf spider which it had paralyzed with its envenomed sting, and was carrying to its nest to provide fresh food for its future larve. The wasp’s shallow, sloping tunnel was in the sand close to my feet, and she quickly pulled her prey within. I waited some time in vain for her to emerge, and then dug up the nest. The wasp escaped with a whirr of wings but the wretched spider, although alive, was incapable of movement of any kind, and remained inert in my hand. Commiserating a spider caught at its own rapacious game is something like wasting pity on the incinerated crew of a baby- killing Zeppelin, but I could not help feeling sorry for this erstwhile lightning runner of the sands doomed never to move its swift limbs THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 43 again. Here, however, was an excellent and unusual opportunity to secure a photograph of a wolf spider. For the living, unin- jured Lycosid is so nimble and nervous that it is a most difficult matter to photograph it successfully, while it is very hard to “‘set up” the dead spider properly.. So I carefully carried my spider home. Here a few concise, technical notes may be of interest to the photomicrographer. The negative of the accompanying photo- graph was made with an ordinary whole plate view-camera pro- vided with both front and back focussing. A half plate or even quarter plate camera would have served equally well or better, but no smaller instrument of sufficient extension was available. The lens used was an Aldis photomicrographic anastigmal of 2 in. focus, an admirable little lens of moderate price that can easily hold its own with much more expensive objectives. My camera and object stand is a home adaptation of the swinging frame of the photo-engraver. It consists of a board 4 ft. long by 14 ins. wide swung by cotton ropes at the four corners from two light trestles about 3 ft. high, and is a device I find very useful to avoid vibrations during long exposures. At one end of the board is a narrow, longitudinal slot, one foot long, through which a bolt with a wing nut fastens the camera firmly at any position along the slot. As the object must be placed very close to a lens of such short focus, if the latter is mounted in a lens board in the ordinary way, the shadow cast by the rela- tively large camera front is sure to cause trouble. To obviate this I have the lens mounted at the truncated apex of a copper cone, 3 ins. long, the base of which, 2% ins. in diameter, screws into a lens flange attached to the usual lens board which fits the camera front. A stand was made for the spider with several small blocks of wood, about 8 in. x 3 in. x 1 in. thick, piled up like steps of stairs. On these, by means of dark-room pins, was fastened a curved piece of smooth, white paper, with its top sloping away from the lens. The middle of the curve formed a little shelf just op- posite the lens, and on this the spider was placed. This arrange- ment offered a plain background, and a shadowless support on which the spider was carefully posed, her limbs and palps being put in position with a couple of botanical needles. 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The illumination used was daylight, the whole apparatus having been set up in a large bay window looking north. A camera extension of 18 inches was employed, which, with the 2-inch lens, gave an image enlargement of 8 diameters. The ground glass of the camera is provided with a clear spot in the centre, and on this the image was critically focussed with the aid of a focussing magnifier. The lens was stopped down to f.45 to gain the neces- sary depth of field, and the required exposure was calculated with a Watkins exposure meter, the normal time, as shown by the meter, being multiplied by the square of the magnification, in this case 64. The plate was a Wratten & Wainwright backed panchromatic, but as it was used without a screen, any good ortho plate would have given much the same result. It is customary in photographic data to mention the developer, but for ordinary negative work there is no essential difference between the many developers on the market, and one should always use the solution one is ac- customed to. Personally, I admit a preference for the well known ‘“‘B. J.”’ pyro-soda, and with this the spider negatives were de- veloped. Several exposures were made of different views of the spider, and thanks to the excellent lens and small stop, all the negatives turned out so sharp and with such good depth of focus that they can be enlarged to any reasonable size. In fact I have enlarged the “‘portrait’’ to 75 diameters, and only stopped at that size for want of a larger sheet of bromide paper. The image would not be unduly soft at 150 or 200 diameters. The spider proved a most amenable sitter, and would remain motionless for an indefinite time in any position she was put in. But if the poison of the wasp had fettered her limbs, it had not tamed her ferocious spirit, for I can read a felonious glare in those nightmare eyes. : After-photographing her, I kept her under observation in a pill box to see if the effects of the wasp’s sting would wear off. After about a week the paralysis seemed to be passing, and she began to make a few constrained movements. I hoped, if she re- covered, to set her free once more on her native beach. But who can escape his fate? The very steps we take toavoid our destiny lead us irresistibly towards it. This spider’s doom was to be eaten alive by a wasp larva, and it found her even in the pill box; my CAN. ENT., VOL. XLIX. PLATE V. PORTRAIT OF A WOLF SPIDER. (Page 39) rae ene ee 7 ke eee Eu el ene ee Seen iio geal a al 6a aes aul a Wi grrure ih | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 45 intervention availed nothing. One day I opened the box as usual, and to my surprise found therein a small voracious grub which had already devoured about half of the hapless Lycosid. I-had carried none of the wasp’s nest material from the beach with the spider, and although I am told that these wasps are not known to attach the egg to the food supply, I can only suppose that in this case the egg was in some way fastened to the victim, and when it hatched out the grub began work at once on the food supply provided by the marvellous instinct of its mother. Next*day there remained only the scattered legs of the spider, and a couple of days later, the grub itself, pining for the ‘‘optimum”’ conditions of its sandy nest, died also. INSECTS IN OCEAN DRIFT.* I. HEMIPTERA HETEROPTERA. BY H. M. PARSHLEY, BUSSEY INSTITUTION, HARVARD UNIVERSITY. Insects cast up by the waves are often found on the shores of bodies of fresh and salt water, as is well known to most collectors. Specimens found in this way are usually few and scattering, and _ their presence in the water is probably due simply to an unusually venturesome flight which may have carried them too far for a safe return to land. On rare occasions, however, much more extensive flights may occur, with the result that the shipwrecked are cast ashore in unbelievable numbers, sometimes forming a windrow for miles along the beach. This phenomenon is not to be explained in connection with the spring and fall flights when the air seems alive with insects on the wing, as it has been observed at various other seasons, and for the same and other reasons such flights do not appear to be nuptial in character. Sometimes a violent off- shore wind has been held accountable for the presence of the in- sects in the water, but this explanation will not fit the cases which I have observed; in fact, no satisfactory hypothesis has been ad- vanced as yet. As a knowledge of the species concerned is im- portant in the explanation of insect activity, | append a list of the Hemiptera Heteroptera which I have taken in ocean drift, leaving the list of the other groups for a later paper. _* Contributions from the Entomological Laboratory of the Bussey Institu- tion, Harvard University, No. 123. February, 1917 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST For several years I have spent the summer at Beach Bluff, Mass., during which time I have seen the phenomenon under discus- sion on only three occasions, each time in the afternoon: June 21, 1915, July 18, 1915, and Aug. 1, 1916. In each case there was a light on-shore breeze with fair weather, and in none was the oc- currence preceded by an unusually violent off-shore wind, though | on the day before the last a moderate land breeze was observed. The insects were not washed up in such enormous numbers as in the cases reported by Needham,* where the shore was blackened by them for miles, but nevertheless the stranded insects were very — numerous, in some places forming a continuous line along the beach. The occurrences which I observed were remarkable for the large number of different species represented, with relatively few specimens of each, unlike some of the previously reported cases where the flotsam consisted largely of a single species in enormous numbers. As noted by J. R. de la Torre Bueno in his paper on the subject,f, the collector finds in beach drift many species whose retiring habits ordinarily save them from capture, and in the fol- lowing list are a number whose presence in the vicinity I had not suspected. All the specimens recorded below were taken from the — sand immediately on being left by the waves, and I can thus vouch for the fact that all actually took part in the flights over the water. ‘Those marked with an asterisk are mentioned in the list of ocean drift Hemiptera given by Bueno. List OF SPECIES. Scutellerida. | Eurygaster alternata Say, July 4, 1915. Cydnide. Thyreocoris ater A. & S., June 21, July 18. (2) T. nitiduloides Wolff., June 21. T. pulicarius Germ., June 21, July 18. (6) | Pentatomide. -*Podops cinctipes Say, June 21. * Mormidea lugens Fab., June 21, July 18. (2) Dendrocoris humeralis Uhl., July 18. * Insect Drift on the Shore of Lake Michigan, Occas. Mem. Chicago Ent. Soc., vol. 1, No. 1, 1900. Beetle Drift on Lake Michigan, Can. Ent., vol. 36, 1904, p. 294. t Heteroptera in Beach Drift, Ent. News, vol. 26, 1915, p. 274. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 47 Perillus exaptus Say, June 21. *A pateticus cynicus Say, July 18. *A. bracteatus Fh., Aug 1. é Lygaeidez. *Lygeus kalmii Stal., July 18. _ Ortholomus longiceps Stal., July 18. *Nysius erice Schill., June 21. *Tschnorrhynchus geminatus Say, Aug. 1. Cymus angustatus Stal., July 18. C. discors Horv., June 21. Geocoris bullatus Say, June 21. (6) G. bullatus discopterus Stal., June 21. (2) G. uliginosus speculator Mont., July 18. (3) G. uliginosus limbatus Stal., June 21. (4) *Ligyrocoris diffusus Uhl., June 21, Aug. 1. (10) Rhyparochromus plenus Dist., July 18, Aug 1.. These specimens seem to agree with the description and figure given by Distant in the Biologia Centrali-Americana of a form from Guatemala, but there is some question in regard to the generic re- ference. I have seen a specimen from Mt. Tom, Mass., and others have been found at Georgetown, Conn., and in the Huachuca Mts. Ariz. For most of this information I am indebted to Mr. H. G. Barber, who spares neither time nor trouble when called upon for assistance in some difficult question relating to the Hemiptera. *Eremocoris ferus Say, June 21, July 18. (11) Piesmide. _ Piesma cinerea Say, June 21. Not found heretofore north of Rhode Island. Tingide. Corythucha marmorata Uhl., July 18. C. sp. nov., June 21. The description of this and several other new species of Cory- thucha will be published elsewhere. -C. crategi Morrill, Osb. & Drk., Aug. 1. Melanorhopala obscura Parsh., (Psyche,Vol. 23, 1916, p.167) June 21. Nabide. *Nabis ferus Linn., July 18. Miride. Miris dolabratus Linn., June 21. (2) 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Platytylellus sp.?, June 21. = Neurocolpus nubilus Say, Aug. 1. Pecilocapsus lineatus Fab., July 18. Capsus ater Linn., June 21. (4) C. ater semiflavus Linn., June 21. Camptobrochis grandis Uhl., July 18. (7) Gerridez. *Gerris marginatus Say, July 18. (4) Saldide. Saldula major Prov. S. pallipes Fab., July 18. (2) S. sphacelata Uhl., June 21. S. opacula Zett., July 18. S. sp.?, June 21, Aug. 1. (3) * Micracanthia humilis Say, June 21, Aug. 1. (9) . Some of these were taken under seaweed where they were very numerous on Aug. 1, though not so ordinarily. Stranded specimens were very active as soon as they left the water, and probably those under the seaweed had taken temporary refuge there after escaping the waves. Corixidez. Corixa verlicalis Fieb., July 18. (2) Kindly identified by Prof. J: F. Abbott. It is well known that some insects can withstand prolonged submergence in salt water, but from the condition of the more fragile species, many of which gained the shore alive, it seems to — me probable that the flights occurred on the same day, shortly be- fore the insects were washed ashore. If this be true, a possible explanation of the flights presents itself. On a clear day with a light, on-shore breeze the surface. of the ocean reflects the sunlight with a peculiar sparkling brilliancy which might conceivably attract insects already flying above the land in unusual numbers because of some favouring combination of atmospheric conditions. The absence of the latter factor would account for the lack of a flight — on days which were otherwise favourable. Thus, a light, on-shore breeze rather than’a strong, off-shore wind may be the more fre- quent cause of the flight of insects over-the water, and their conse- quent presence in the drift. ee 5 ty Ty THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 49 THE CALIFORNIA SPECIES OF MYZUS, WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES. BY G. O. SHINJI, BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA. The following species of Myzus have been collected by the . writer in the vicinity of the University of California during 1915. 1. M. cerasi (Fabr.). Taken from curled leaves of cultivated cherry (Prunus cerasus) within sixty feet of the University of California campus. 2. M. circumflexum Buckton. Found on following plants: Vinca major, Solanum tuberosum, pansy, Ceanothus sp., Stachys bullaia, Plantago sp., Senecio nickanioides, Solanum nigrum, Fuchsia sp.,_ wall flower (Cheiranthus cheert), lilies, iris, gladiolus, - Nasturtium sp., water, cress, foxtail, Cerastium viscosum, buck- eye (4ésculus californica), Sisymbrium sp., Viola sp., Symphori- - carpus racemosus, Boston ivy, Digitalis. 3. M. rosarum Walk.. Taken on wild and Asieaved roses. 4. M. rhamni Boyer. Taken from leaves, stems and berries of California coffee-berry tree (Rhamnus californica) and also Cascara sagrada. 5. M. ribis (L). Collected from under side of leaves of wild gooseberry, University of California campus, April 10, 1915. 6. M. sp. This species will be named by Professor : Essig. Host plant Aquilegia vulgare and A. truncata. Date of ' ‘collection, April 20, 1915, Berkeley, and also May 20, 1915, Inver- ness, Marin County, California. : 7. Myzus godetiz, n. sp. Alate viviparous female-—General colour light green. Length of body 1.6 mm. Width of abdomen .7 mm. Wing expansion 3.9mm. Head broader than long, dusky, eyes dark red. Antenne arising from prominent frontal tubercles, dusky. Length of antennal joints: III, .6 mm.; 1V, .38 mm.; V, .2 mm.; VI, .1 mm.; Spur .4 mm. 10-12 sensoria on III. Prathoray cuisley, broader than long, wider than head. Thorax dusky, width .7 mm. Legs with apical two-thirds and one-third of tibia dusky, remaining parts green. Abdomen green with large median dorsal patches or rows and also marginal dots of black. Cornicles dusky to black, February, 1917 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 50 _ ‘[PNPLAIpuT snoredralA snosejde Jo oures ‘¢ tayeWay snosedrAtA aqzeye Jo saporqie [euUaZUe Psy) PUe PUOdaS ‘fF Sapeuray SNOILAIATA 9}ETe JO BPIUIOD ‘g tapeUTd sNOIeAIAIA SNoIEzde Jo BpoIUIOD ‘Z fayetes sNoredIAIA ajLTe ‘[ « ‘aIjapos snskpy—'H “BLY fe Eo a aad THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 51 4 mm. long, decidedly tapering toward the distal end. Style somewhat conical, slightly dusky. Apterous viviparous female-—General colour green. Length of body 1.6mm. Width of abdomen .7 mm. Head green, broader thanlong. Eyesdarkred. Antenne situated on frontal tubercles, green with sixth including filament and also apical half of fifth, dusky. Rostrum beyond second coxa, tip dusky. Thorax and abdomen green. Legs green, with apices of tibia and tarsal joints dusky. Cornicles green, slightly swollen near apex, .5 mm. long. Cauda green, conical. Host plant—Godetia amena (Lehn.). Lilja? Locality.—University of California campus, Berkeley, Cali- fornia. | Date of collection.—April 4, 1915. A NEW SPECIES OF AMPHROPHORA FROM CALIFORNIA. BY G. O. SHINJI, BERKELEY, CAL. Amphrophora cicutz n. sp. Alate viviparous female. Slightly smaller than A. rubi Kalt. General colour light green or pale. Length of tody 3 mm. Width of abdomen 1.15 mm. Wing expansion 5.4 mm. Head pale, broader than long, width be- tween thé eyes .45 mm. Beak reaching second coxa, tip dusky. Antenna situated on prominent frontal tubercles, slightly dusky, more intensely so at the joints and apex of VI and spur. Length of antennal joints: III, 1.1 mm.; IV, .9 mm.; V, .64 mm.; VI, .25 mm.; spur 16 mm.; III with about 18 sensoria in a row. Pro- thorax with a small tubercle on each side, nearly as wide as head, broader than long, width .6 mm., slightly dusky, especially when viewed from side. Meso- and metathorax slightly dusky. Width of mesothorax .£8 mm. Abdomen pale, with small, red spots scattered throughout. Legs moderately long, tarsi and apical portion of tibia dusky, the rest the colour of the body. Cornicles swollen beyond the middle, tip dusky, the rest the colour of the body. Length 1.1 mm. Style pale, .45 mm. long. February, 1917 52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A pterous viviparous female. a Light green or pale according to niches. Length of body 2.6-3.4 mm. Width of abdomen 1.2 mm—1.7 mm. Eyes dark red. Beak reaching third coxa, tips dusky. Antenna situated on frontal tubercles, apices of III, IV, apical half of V and VI in- cluding spur dusky, rest pale or green. Head, thorax and abdomen light green or pale. Legs colour of body except tarsi, which,are dusky. -Cornicles colour of body, swollen beyond middle, length .7-9.mm. Style moderately long, colour of the body. Fig. 5.—Amphrophora cicut#,—6, third antennal articles of alate viviparous female; 7, third joint of apterous viviparous form; 8, cornicle of alate. and 9, cornicle of apterous female. Host plant—Cicuta virosa var. californica. Locality.— University of California campus, Berkeley, California. Date of collection. —April 20, 1915. Notes.—This species is nearer to A. rubi Kalt. than A. laps siphum Davdn. It differs from A. rubi in the following charac- ters: (1) Spur with its base longer or at least as long as V plus IV or III plus V. (2) Sensoria on III about one-half as many as in A.rubi. (3) III of apterous forms without or with fewer sensoria. — (4) Shape, size and coloration of cornicles. The following numerical data, obtained with the writer's collection of A. rubt Kalt. at the same date and locality, may be of use for comparison: A. rubi Kalt.—Length of antennal joints of alate form: III, 1.2 mm.; IV, .7 mm.; V, .6 mm.; VI, .2 mm.; spur, 1.3 mm. Length - of body 3.5 mm. Width of abdomen 1.4 mm. Width of pro- thorax .7 mm. Sensoria on III 35-45. Host plants —Wild and cultivated blackberry. pes Pence "<9 a oe a ATS, ee eee ee ee ee reg 7 ‘ FE. ae eee ee ee eS ee te THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 53 OBSERVATIONS ON THE LIGHT-EMISSION OF AMERICAN LAMPYRID&: THE PHOTOGENIC FUNCTION AS A MATING ADAPTATION; 5th PAPER. BY F. ALEX. MCDERMOTT, WASHINGTON, D.C. The following paper embraces the results of some observations made since the fourth paper in this series was published. (See Canadian Entomologist, 1910, vol. 42, p. 357; 1911, vol. 43, p. 399; 1912, vol. 44, p. 73; 309.) 1. Pyractomena borealis Randall. (*) The presence: of this species in the neighbourhood of Washington, D.C., was established by Mr. W. S. Fisher, who found it pupating in large numbers in deep crevices in bark at Great Falls, on the Potomac River, about fifteen miles northwest of the U.S. Capitol at Washington. It is quite a large Lampyrid, and its flash appeared to the writer to be the brightest of any of the known local fireflies. When flying ata | height of from eight to ten feet above the ground, its flash produced | a distinct though faint illumination over an area perhaps ten feet in diameter on the ground. The distribution of the luminous organ in this species is very _ similar to that in P. angulata and P. lucifera. In the male, the ’ entire ventral surfaces of the two segments before the last show the ‘yellow colour of the luminous tissue, while in the female this tissue area is restricted to two irregular patches on these segments. The ‘male should, therefore, give distinctly the brighter light. The -habit of the insects of pupating in crevices in bark several feet from the ground, as observed by Fisher, together with the known reluctance of many female lampyrids to fly, even when possessing wings, would make it seem probable that the females would be found on the bark of the trees where they emerged, or not very far away. _ * Ina former paper the writer adopted the late E. Olivier’s name Lecontea for this genus. Olivier’s reasons for the change, however, appear to be invalid, according to Rule 36 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomen- clature. As a matter of interest it may be mentioned that Mr. H. S. Barber, of the U. S. National Museum, calls my attention to the fact that the name ~ Pyractomena was originally applied by Dejean (1833) toa genus containing only manuscript names of species. Leconte, in 1850 applied this generic name to Lampyris borealis Baiviall. a described species, which therefore automatically became the type for this genus. This publication antedates that usually given, Leconte, 1852. The other species, /uctfera and angulata, are correctly placed in this genus. February, 1917 o4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The writer's observations on this species were made at Great Falls, over the same area where Fisher had found the species, and on the evening of May 3, 1916, several days after Fisher's observa- tions. The insects did not appear until it was quite dark—about 8.00 p.m.—when numbers of them were seen along the top of the bluff, some forty or fifty feet high, which marks the former river bank at this point. On ascending this bluff, the insects were found | to be flying around in the foliage, principally from ten to twenty feet above ground, flashing at intervals of five to ten seconds; they soon became very plentiful. At first their flight appeared to be entirely aimless, and even long and close watching failed to reveal any replies to the flashes from females on bark or twigs, but present- ly a fainter occasional flash was observed on a trunk about 8 feet above ground, where the brighter flashes of the males had already been observed. It soon appeared that the fainter flash emanated from a point between two males, each of the latter some six or eight inches from the faint flashes. An electric flashlight revealed an imago of this species on the bark, but just out of reach; it cannot be stated positively that this was a female, but the conduct of the faint flashes points strongly in that direction, as the fainter flash was several times observed to follow closely flashes from one of the two males; it did not follow all of these flashes, which may have been due to the irregularities in the bark hiding the flashes of the male at times. The males, as was found later, on alighting near a sup- posed female, run fairly rapidly over the area, apparently in search of her. In this case, the male lower down on the bark was cap- tured and identified. They were still flying and flashing an hour after the first observation, apparently as thickly as at first, this conduct resembles Photuris more than Photinus—indeed, except that the light is not quite as green to the writer’s eye, the flight of this species suggests that of Photuris. The flash of the male is a single, rather short and intense flash, followed in many instances, though not in all, by a very faint, slow or ‘“‘trailing’’ secondary flash. This secondary flash varied greatly with different individuals, being in some cases so distinct as to suggest the double flash of Photinus consanguineus, while in other specimens it was apparently absent. The males, when approach- ing a supposed female, usually, though not always, exhibit a faint, Sion: = THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 55 continuous glow between flashes. The flash of the female—if this ~ may be judged by the specimen seen on bark and assumed to be a female—is a much less intense and slower flash, given almost im- mediately after the flash of the male she is answering. Represent- ing these in the manner used by the writer. in his review of this sub- ject. (Zeitschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Insektenbiologie, 1914, Bd. 10, pp. 303-307), the flashes of this species would appear as shown in the sketch, Fig. 1. Experiments with a pocket flashlight soon showed that the flying males would pay no attention to the unshielded light, when flashed immediately after their flashes (although the toads in the neighbourhood seemed greatly interested, and could be heard hop- ping toward the experimenter from several directions after each flash!) When, however, the fingers of the free hand were so dis- posed over the bulb as to completely prevent the escape of any - direct light, the luminous surface being the portion of the finger tissue through which the light passed, it was found easy to attract, flying males from a distance of as much as twenty-five feet, by flashing immediately after the flash of the male. The reaction was. so definite as to leave no doubt of the matter; of ten males captured in perhaps fifteen minutes, nine were obtained as the result of at- traction to the experimenter by means of the flash light. For in- stance, a male was observed to be flying in a direction about at right angles to the path which the experimenter was following, and about fifteen feet ahead and perhaps twenty feet in the air. Immediately after he flashed, the shielded lamp was flashed; the flying insect immediately turned, flying downward and along the line of the path, almost in a direct line for the experimenter’s hand. Each time he flashed, the flash was answered, as he drew nearer, and when quite close, he swerved suddenly and alighted on the coat sleeve of -the extended hand. One or two of those taken were caught in flight, but most of them were allowed to alight on the coat sleeve, and then captured; they usually landed at a distance not more than about eight inches from the light, running around rather rapidly after lighting, stopping occasionally and waving the antenne somewhat after the manner of Photinus pyralis when mating. It is interesting to note that the distinctly red colour of the light from the flash light after passing through the tissue of the experi- 56 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST menter’s fingers, did not seem in the least to interfere with the phenomenon, although decidedly different from the colour—to the human eye—of the light of the female insect. A flash of a flying Lampyrid, closely resembling that of the male of this species, was observed by the writer in the Soldier’s Home Park, in Washington, D.C., about April 20, 1911, and was at that time ascribed. by Mr. H. S. Barber, to some northern species not yet recorded from this locality. The distribution of P. borealis in the surrounding country has not been worked out, but it would appear possible that the flash seen in 1911 might have been due to a chance male of this species. The spring of that year was rather warmer than usual, possibly accounting for the early date. Olivier (Accouplements anormaux chex les insects. Premier Cong. Internat. d’Entomologie, 1910, pp. 143-145; see also Gadeau de Kerville, Bull. Soc. Ent. France, 1896, No. 4, p. 85) has mentioned the comparative frequency with which two male lampyrids are found attempting to mate. During this investiga- tion a number of live males of Pyractomena borealis were placed in a test-tube, and upon examining them about half an hour later it was found that two of them had coupled, the penis of the upper one being held between the mandibles of the other; they remained in this position at least two hours. The position of the terminal segments of the upper male were those of normal intromission. There was no evidence that one insect had attacked the other, nor did either appear to be injured. It may be noted that the odor of this insect, while resembling that of Photinus pyralis, is still rather different from that of the latter species. 2. Photuris pennsylvanica DeGeer. This species was observed for the first time during the season of 1916, along the Conduit Road between Great Falls and Cabin John Bridge, on the evening of May 27. The insects first appeared as isolated, scattered speci- mens about 8.15 p.m., but by 9.00 o'clock there were thousands of them flashing in the trees and over the fields. As previously ~ noted (Can. Ent., 1911, vol. 43, pp. 403-4) difficulty had been ex- perienced in connecting the luminosity with the mating conduct in this species. Experiments with the use of the electric flash light ate wl hw i a a ie i i ae! Pe ee a eh _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 57 were begun on the above date, using both the naked bulb and the bulb covered with the hand, as just described for Pyractomena borealis, but no evidence of attraction toward the-lamp was ob- tained. In view of the fact that the light of this species is rather more greenish than that of the other local Lampyridz which have been studied (Coblentz, Can. Ent., 1911, vol. 43, pp. 355-360, and previous papers by the present writer) the experiment was tried of covering the bulb of the lamp with a thin leaf. With this modifica- tion of the colour of the light, and by using a long flash, in. imita- tion of that previously described as one of the methods of light- emission of this species, it was found comparatively easy to attract the males so that they would approach the flashed light, but unless the bulb were shaded more as they drew nearer, they appeared to recognize some difference in the light and would fly away again. The response was not entirely uniform, even in the early evening when but comparatively few were flying; later, when several hun- dred insects might be within the range of the flash, a definite re- sponse was decidedly the exception, unless a particular, isolated insect near the electric light responded. Four distinct types of light-emission on the part of this species were observed, agreeing with those previously reported (Can. Ent., 1910, vol. 42, pp. 358-360). First noted was a series of usually three, though sometimes four or five rapidly repeated flashes of considerable intensity, followed by darkness for several seconds; the flashing thus was repeated at intervals of from not more _ than three seconds to as much as half a minute. Theseries of flashes is suggestive of that of the male of Pyractomena lucifera, except that ordinarily not as many separate flashes are given, that there is a distinct interval of darkness between succeeding flashes in the series, and that the flashes in any series appear to be of diminish- ing intensity, (see diagram, Fig. 6). The specimens which ex- hibited this type of flash, came to the lamp when given the long flash described, and were usually, though not always, found to be males. The second type of lighting observed was that which the writer has previously described as ‘‘a faint glow rapidly increasing in brilliancy. . . . .. It then ends suddenly. . . .” The only correction to make on this earlier observation is that this flash, 58 THE CANADiAN ENTOMOLOGIST when observed close at hand, is seen not to be a continuous steady flash, but a series of very rapid pulsations, or a flash of very rapid variations in intensity, such as may be observed in a moving ~™ mirror image of an arc-lamp operation on alternating current. (See diagram). As compared with the phenomenon of the alternating 1. Pyractomena borealis. T ise ean am — i af Bes 1 Lt T 2. Pyractomena angulata. it it | ji Lill ~—-4 ++ +4 we ease +++ 3. Pyractomena lucifera. pm 4 t T t ieee Be Titt ° 4. Photinus pyralis. ‘ean: | i 1 4 seoceet P+ +44 aees +4 b+ + +t ts . Photinus en tease consanguineus. TT TT imi TT tr _ o 6. Photinus suass = susee scintillans. sass sees ease 7. Photinus oun marginellus. T 1 1 t T sae 4 | I sase euuns 8. Photinus aoe castus. att 9. Photinus tH pennsylvanicus, een mewe ee we pan oF Fig. 6.—Chart showing relative intensities and durations of flashes of American Lampyride. ~(1 cm. vertically equals approximately 0.02 candle power; 1 cm. horizontally equals approximately one second in length of curves; space between curves representing flashes of male and female of same species, is arbitrary. current arc-lamp, the ‘‘frequency’’ appeared to be about 50 per second, rather slower than the lamp (60 cycles). One insect flash- | ing thus was caught on the evening of May 27, and found tobea =~ female, but at this time, none could be attracted to the electric light, | by imitating either this flash, or that described in the preceding et. Pe Cee ec Siu oh lel cea lay SEED ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 59 paragraph, for the male. Later, notably on the evening of June 17, along the Chesapeake and Potomac Canal, only a few hundred yards from where the first observations were made, females giving this long flash, repeatedly came to electric lights operated in the flashing manner of the male, when used both by the writer and by Mr. H.S. Barber, the bulbs in both cases being shielded by a leaf. The reverse attraction, as described in the foregoing paragraph, was also observed at this time, and had previous!y been observed by Mr. Barber and the writer, along the Canal on the evening of June 3. There were, however, some curious exceptions: for in- stance, on the evening of June 5, at the writer’s residence, 1901 Jackson St., N. E., this city, an insect giving the long flash was at- tracted to a lamp giving the flashing light, and when captured proved to be a male; also on the evening of June 13, at the same place, using the electric lamp giving a long flash, two females and four males were attracted, caught and identified. It was not found necessary that either sex be flying to respond; insects at rest on leaves and fences repeatedly responded by flashing to stimulation with the electric lamp, and would sometimes leave their locations and fly to the light. Good results were never obtained unless the light was either shielded with a leaf, or the bulb coated with a solution of malachite green and chlorophyl in collodion. The third method of lighting observed for this species was that already described as single, not very bright flashes, emitted at intervals of a second or two while the insect is flying through the air in almost any direction, dropping from a tree, or running around on the ground or on the grass. In every instance these insects _ were found to be females. Operating the electric light in imitation of this flash did not seem to cause attraction of either sex, but in one instance, when a male was observed on a fence rail, giving his usual triple flash, and responding to the electric light flashes in imitation of the usual long flash of the female, the change to the type of flash above described caused him immediately to cease to respond. Provisionally we may regard this as the flash of a _ pregnant (or hungry) female. The fourth type of light-emission consists of a single, short, bright flash, repeated at intervals of about four seconds or more. This flash is the least common, and insects flashing thus were 60 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST found to be males, and did not respond satisfactorily to the electric light. Only rarely was attraction between the sexes in this species noted, and as mentioned in a previous paper, it is very rarely that pairs in couple are seen or taken. On account of the great num- bers of the insects, and their habit of flying quite high, it is very difficult to follow closely any particular individual or pair. On one occasion a male and female were confined in a tube’ for some time, hoping that mating would take place; the male flashed irregu- larly, in single flashes, and the female appeared to answer him, but although she ceased to light and became quiet whenever the male touched her or ran over her back, he appeared to pay no at- tention whatever to her, and no mating was observed. Mr. Barber informs the writer that he has frequently noticed dim, fixed points of light in the woods at night, which on investiga- tion, proved to come from the luminous organ of a small adult Pho- tinus that was being devoured by an adult Photuris, the latter in each case appearing to be a female. In several cases where a male and female of Photuwris were confined together to secure eggs, the male was found to have been devoured during the night. These appear to be natural habits of the insect, both of which the writer has been able to conform. Mr. Barber also states that he has been informed by Mr. Harry L. Parker, of Hagerstown, Md., who has observed the pupa of this species, that in addition to the anal lights, there is a constant light emitted from the pupal pro- thorax, which persists through the teneral adult stage, bat disap- pears as the beetle hardens. 3. Pyractomena lucifera Melscheimer. Experiments on the evening of May 15, on the attraction of the males of this species — to a flashed electric light, were entirely negative. A lamp shielded with a leaf was not used at this time, but was tried later, still with negative results. 4. Pyractomena angulata Say. A male of this species was captured at the writer’s residence on the evening of June 13; when in flight it gave a series of short, dim flashes, not unlike those de- scribed for the pregnant or hungry female Photuris, but fainter and of a decidedly orange colour. (See fig. 6). No attraction to the flashed electric/light was noted. A female of this species in oe cite See THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 61 was taken in flight in mid-day near the same locality on May 30; * in fact all females of this species which the writer has taken, have been caught flying in daylight. This flash does not agree with that of the insect which the writer supposed to be a male of P. angulata in 1912. 5. Photinus consanguineus Lec. This species was observed at Plummer’s Island, Md., on June 3, and along the Canal on June 17. The interval between the two flashes constituting .the light-emission of the male, was found to be variable, some- times as much as two seconds. No attraction of the male to the _ electric bulb could be secured. _ 6. Photinus scintillans Say. The previous observations on _ this species were plentifully confirmed, but no new facts brought forth. During this season a flash was observed on two separate oc- casions, but in the same locality, which does not correspond with _ that of any known Lampyrids of this vicinity. It consisted of a series of quite rapid flashes, somewhat like that of the male of Pyractomena lucifera, but of a distinctly orange tone. Both ob- servations were made long after the normal period of prevalence of the lucifera: It was found impossible to capture the insect at this time, and the flash was not seen again, on later visits. NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDAZ DIPTERA). PART II. BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y. ~ (Continued from page 31.) The following records also undoubtedly pertain to this species, but in the absence of the material are not included in the type series: Fort Kent, Aroostook Co., Maine, August 19 (Johnson); White Cap Mt., Maine, August 17, 1905 (Jones); Dedham, Mass., Sept. 4, 1906 (Johnson) ; Brookline, Mass., Sept. 6, 1906 (Johnson) ; Cohasset, Mass., Oct. 1, (Bryant); Mt. Marcy, Essex Co., N. Y., July 30, 1913 (Young); Elm Lake, Hamilton Co., N. Y., August 2, 1912 (Young) ; Hazleton, Luzerne Co., Pa., hai?’ 20, 1909 (Dietz). February, 1917 62 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST This interesting late-summer and early-autumn species is similar to 7. calcar O. S., which, in the male sex, has the stigma of the wings almost indistinct, and the hypopygium very small and provided with short hairs; in autumnalis the stigma is brown and the elongate male hypopygium is densely provided with long, dark hairs. In the female sex, the reduced wings of the new species are very curious, (autumnalis, length of body 20 mm.; wings 9.5 mm.; calcar, length of body 17 mm.; wings 14 mm.), and the ovipositor has the tergal valves strong, powerful, almost straight and rather blunt at their tips; in calcar, the tergal valves are shorter, strongly up-curved and more pointed at their tips. Tricyphona cervina, sp. n. Allied to T. septentrionalis Bergr.; colour light fawn-yellow; antenne brownish black throughout, the basal flagellar segments crowded, the apical ones attenuated; mesonotum with three stripes; ovipositor and hypopygium bright yellow. Male.—Length 6 mm.; wing 7.8 mm. Female.—Length 8 mm.; wing 8.5 mm. _ Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brownish black, the first segment a little grayish pruinose; first six segments of the flagellum large and closely approximated, the remaining seg- ments elongate and attenuated (as in 7. septentrionalis). Head brownish gray, clearer gray behind and on the gene beneath. ~ Mesonotal prescutum light brown with a golden pollen, with three dark brown stripes; the middle stripe is longest, narrowed behind, broadened anteriorly, indistinctly bisected behind by a vitta of the ground-colour; lateral stripes short; scutum and post- notum grayish yellow; scutellum more yellowish. Pleura reddish brown with a sparse gray or grayish-white bloom. Halteres pale yellow, the knobs very slightly darkened. Legs with the coxe yellow, sparsely gray pruinose on the outer face; trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow, passing into brown at the tips; tibiz yellowish brown, a little darkened apically; tarsi brown. Wings nearly hyaline; stigma pale brown; veins brown. Venation: petiole of cell Rs moderate, about equal to or shorter than cell /st M2; cell 1st Mi pointed at inner end (as in septentrionalis); petiole of cell Mi long, much longer than either cell Mi or Jst Me; basal ‘Ca a re THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 63 ~ deflection of Cu: at or just beyond the fork of M, about in a line with cross-vein 7-m; cross-vein m rather indistinct. Abdominal segments dark brown, the caudal and lateral margins narrowly paler, hypopygium with the pleurites bright yellow. The female is similar to the @ but slightly larger, full-winged; ovipositor powerful, yellow, strongly upturned. Habitat.—Colorado, Holotype, &, Platte Cafion, Colorado, July 17, 1915, (Oslar.) Allotype, 2, with the type. This little species differs from both debilis Will..and vitripennis Doane, in the considerably smaller size; it differs from debilis in the paler fawn colour of the body, the long petiole of cell Mi, the _ structure of the antenne,and in numerous other details; from vitr7- pennis in the gray head, dark antenne, differences in the thoracic pattern and colour of the abdomen and its appendages. It differs from the more closely related septentrionalis Bergr. in the unmarked wings and fawn-coloured body. Tricyphona glacialis, sp. n. Allied to 7. debilis Will.; colour dark brown; antenne dark brown throughout, the flagellar segments oval to rounded-oval, not attenuated; wings with a pale brown suffusion; cell /s¢ M2 and and Mi very long; abdomen dark brown, the basal sternites more yellowish. - Male.—Length 9.6 mm.; wing 10.6 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, the segments of the flagellum oval, the basal ones not crowded, the apical ones shortened, almost rounded. Head broad, black, very * sparsely grayish pruinose; frontal tubercle distinct, high. Mesonotum dark brown, very sparsely gray pruinose on the postnotum, the scutellum paler, more yellowish. Pleura dark brown, gray pruinose. Halteres very long and slender, brown, brightened at the extreme base. _Legs with the coxe brownish yellow; femora dull yellow, passing into brown on the apical third; tibiz brownish yellow, a little brighter basally; tarsi dark brown. Wings with a pale brown tinge; stigma indistinct; veins brown. Venation: petiole of cell Ra moderate, a little shorter than the elongated cell 1st M2; petiole of cell Mi about one-third the length 64 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a of the cell and of cell 1st M2; cross-vein m connects Mi+2 with Ms, weak and tending to atrophy; Cu: leaves Ms before mid- length of the long cell 1st M2. ; Abdomen elongated, tergites dark brown, the caudal margins of the segments narrowly paler; basal sternites more yellowish — than the terminal segments; hypopygium brown. Habitat.—Alaska. Holotype, &, Sitka, Alaska; June 16, 1899 (Kincaid). Allotype, 2, Saldovia, Alaska; July 21, 1899 (Kincaid). Paratypes, 72, Yakutat, Alaska; June 21, 1899 (Kincaid); o, Virgin’s Bay, Alaska, June 26, 1899 (Kincaid); @, Saldovia, Alaska, July 21, 1899 (Kincaid). The type is in the collection of the United States National Museum; the species is based on material taken on the Harriman Expedition, and was determined by Coquillett as being 7. debilis Will. The species agrees with debilis in many respects, but the general coloration is dark brown, not yellow; the basal segments of the antenne are not reddish and the venation is different, the cells 1st Mz and M: being greatly elongated.. The abdomen and halteres are longer than is usual in this group of the genus. GEOMETRID NOTES. THE GENUS DyssTROMA HiiBNER. BY L. W. SWETT, WEST SOMERVILLE, MASS. The genus Dysstroma Hiib. (Verz. p. 333, 1825) with its type truncata Hufn. seems to be a natural group by itself. Hulst (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., vol. XXIII, p. 283, 1896) under Hydriomena, cites truncata Hufn. as the type of Dysstroma. Warren and Hampson both refer the truncata group to Polyphasia Stephens, but treat it as a separate genus (Proc. Zool. Soc., p. 373, 1893, and Ind. Moths, III, p. 378). Mr. L. B. Prout points out in Trans. London Ent. Soc., part XVIII, p. 33, 1908, that Polyphasia cannot hold, as Hiibner’s name Dysstroma has priority. According to Mr. Prout’s and my own views, what we have been calling truncata in North America is really citrata Linné (‘‘ Fauna Suecica,”’ ed. Il, p. 332, 1761). February, 1917 TL ae pee ee . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 65 Werneburg (Stett. Ent. Zeit., vol. XIX, -_pp. 49-57, 1855) shows, I believe for the first time, that citrata Linné is related to truncata. In Linné’s original description of citrata, he speaks of the fore wings having a grayish central band, with a variegated outer margin and reddish yellow costal spot. Dysstroma citrata Linn. with its variations appears to be our American form, and truncata Hufnagel, though closely resembling it, is quite distinct. There is much doubt also as to the occurrence of truncata Hufn. in South America, as I have never seen authentic specimens of it. I shall use the term aberration in this paper in place of variety in conformity with the practice of the European specialists, while variety will be emploved in the sense of local race. The typical Dysstroma citrata Linn., or gray form with varie- gated outer margins, seems to be rare, and is only found in cold climates and high altitudes. Our commonest form,’which generally stands in collections as Dysstroma truncata Hufn., is D. citrata Linn. aberration punctum-notata Haworth, with the central band of the fore wings, clear white. In Dyar’s List, page 281, the aberrations of truncata Hufn. and citrata Linn. are badly confused, but I shall only consider citrata here; so the rest may be referred totruncata. Dysstroma citrata Linn., and its aberrations may be listed as follows: I. Dysstroma citrata Linné.—Fore wings with a gray central area, variegated outer margin with reddish yellow costal spot. This appears to be rather a rare form, probably occurring ‘in the mountainous regions and colder climates. The central band of fore wings is even, uniform gray, with enough variegation in the outer margins not to be unicolorous. I have this form, if I have identified it correctly, from Atlin, British Columbia, collected by Mr. Anderson. The gray form taken in the East is not exactly the same, but I will place it here tentatively until more is known of the group and the genitalia can be studied. I have not seen aberration fusca Prout (Trans. London Ent. Soc., part XVIII, p. 50, 1908), which is unicolorous dark gray without variegations, _ but I hardly think it applies to the forms mentioned above. Ab. (a) punctum-notata Haworth (Prod. Lep. Brit., p, 26, 1802). 66 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST This form has the central band of the fore wings clear white, the intra- and extradiscallines not touching. In most collections it has been placed under ¢runcata, in error, though the resemblance is close, but beneath, on hind wings, the extradiscal line of citrata has a~ much sharper angle. Punctum-notata Haw. occurs in most of the Eastern States and a few of the Western, and also in British Columbia. Packard seems to have found it quite abundant in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and has quite a series in his collection from there. Mr. Prout has pointed out the distinctive- ness of this aberration from truncata Hufn., and was one of the first to do so. Ab. (b) immanata Haw. (Lep. Brit., II, p. 323, 1809). This form has the prominent, reddish yellow costal spot, with central -band solid blackish gray, and brownish variegated outer margins. It appears to be rather arare form in North America, but it may be more common in the north. I have specimens from Victoria, B.C., received from Mr. E. H. Blackmore, and also from Mt. Washington, New Hampshire. The black, central band _ will distinguish it at once from all other forms. Ab. (c) simpliciata Walk. (List Lep. Brit. Mus., XXV, p. 1422, 1862). This form has the central band blackish as in the aberration immanata Haw., but there are white spots at costa and inner margin. I have never taken exactly this form, the white spots in my specimens not being intense enough, but rather grayish. Possibly it is nearer the aberration tysfjordensis Strand. (Nyt. Mag. Nat., XX XIX, p. 62, 1901). The latter form is said to have a gray black central band with gray spots at costa and inner margin. I list these two forms provisionally, but we get aberra- tions which are very close to them if not identical. I believe these to be rather northern forms and not very common. Ab. (d) insolida Prout (Trans. London Ent. Soc., p. 59, 1908). This form has the central band pale gray, with the inner and outer lines on either side strongly contrasting black. I have two ‘ a specimens from British Columbia which approach it very closely. The black, contrasting lines on either side of the central band will | ay readily separate this form from all others. oe dy Malt ae ee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 67 - ?Ab. (e) rufibrunnea Warren (Nov. Zool., VII, p. 181, 1900). This seems to be a form close to punctum-notata Haw.., in which the white central band is more or less suffused with light reddish brown. The types, two females, came from Argentine, South America, so there is always a slight doubt as to their stand- ing. Mr. Prout, who has seen the types, believes they are aberra- tions of citrata. The form I have identified as this one came from Mr. E. H. Blackmore, Victoria, British Columbia, and seems quite rare. There are several other aberrations of citrata Linn. found in Europe, but as I have not seen them as yet from North America, I think it is better not to list them. 2. Var. brunneata Packard, (Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., XI, p. 47, 1867 [1861 in error, in Dyar’s list]; Monograph, p. 108, pl. VIII, fig. 38, 1876). , This northern form was described from Labrador by Packard, and is very closely allied to citrata if not a variety or race of it. It is a small, stunted form, brown-shaded, with a cinereous central band, three times as wide at costa as on inner margin. It is difficult to say whether this should be listed as a distinct species or variety, as I have only seen two or three specimens other than the type. Taylor’s Mesoleuca casloata resembles brunneata Pack., but is larger. They are, however, closely allied. In Dyar’s list brunneata Pack. is incorrectly placed under truncata Hufn., and should be referred to citrata. In Ent. Zeit. Stettin, XXV, p. 160, 1874, ‘Meeschler described ‘‘ Cidaria suspectata,’’ which must be close to brunneata according to the description. There is a copy of the original description in the Packard Monograph, page 130, 1876. | The type of suspectata is said to be in the Staudinger collection | and was taken in Labrador, as was brunneata. Both. Staudinger . and Meeschler later regarded suspectata as identical with brunneata, but there is a slight doubt as to the correctness of this view. The older authors did not have a very clear eye for differences, and | in most cases were not very careful in their comparisons. Packard in the Monograph mixed the forms, as figure 38, plate VIII, is -evidently Dysstroma citrata ab. punctum-notata Haw., the white | ~ central band of the fore wings showing plainly. On the same _. plate, figure 39, is brunneata Packard, while figure 40 is probably - ethela Hulst. In the Packard collection there is a specimen just 68 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST like figure 40 from Victoria, B.C., which is ethela Hulst= Figure 41 of the same plate is our eastern hersiliata, while figure 42 is Dysstroma (Mesoleuca) occidentata, described by Taylor in the Canadian Entomologist, vol. XLII, p. 86, 1910. Note the sharp indentation of the intradiscal line in the figure, on the median vein, also the peculiar central band and wide basal space. There’ is always a chance of error in determining species from figures, but as Packard had the specimens in his collection, from which the figures were made, I think I have identified them correctly. Dr. Dyar (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. X XVII, p. 897, 1904) describes the larve of hersiliata Guenée and mentions rearing them on currant. . Dr. Dyar also mentions that there is considerable variation in this species, there being a dark and a light form, and he thought the latter might be ethela of Hulst. Both forms will have to be studied as they seem to differ from our eastern hersiliata. Possibly they may be forms of occidentata Taylor. Traversata Kellicott (Bull. Buffalo Soc., Vol. V, p. 45, 1886 |transversata in error in Dyar’s List|) is not to be considered under citrata (truncata) as it belongs to another group. Alirifasciata Hulst. (Entomologica Americana, vol. III, p. 214, 1887) described from one female from California, turns out to be a Eustroma or Lygris and not Cleora or Mesoleuca as placed by Hulst. (See Grossbeck’s notes in Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., vol. XXXIII, p. 338, November, 1907.) Mesoleuca mulleolata Hulst is placed incorrectly as a synonym of truncata in Dyar’s List. It was described in the Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society, vol. IV, p. 26, 1881, and is a very large species and very distinct when once separated. There were two types from Colorado in the Hulst collection, and I shall restrict the type to the white banded form there. This, in a general way, resembles the aberration punctum-notata Haworth of citrata, but the basal band of the fore wings has two very strong, toothed project‘ons and the intradiscal band is inwardly less crenulate than in citrata. The extradiscal line of the fore wings runs straight from costa about 2.5 mm. before the first projecting tooth, and also the costal reddish spot is more accentuated than in citrata.. The hind wings Of mulleolata Hulst are darker than those of citrata, and the extradiscal line makes a much sharper angle. Then ~ Nae See hy rae f THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 69 again, mulleolata emerges a month earlier than citrata, namely in June, while the latter appears in July and August. . The genitalia also show it to be distinct from citrata, the terminal spines being nearly three times as long and much stouter. The species, there- _ fore, should be considered as distinct and so listed. Hulst’s types are not in very good condition and more or less rubbed, so this is probably the reason why the older authors regarded it as truncata. I have specimens from Mr. Fernekes from Tacomah, Washington, - and from Mr. Blackmore and Dr. Dyar from Victoria, B.C€., and the Rocky Mountains. It is evidently a rare species in collections, _. but probably the characteristic locality has not been found. Mulleolata Hulst has several striking forms which correspond to the forms of citrata and should be described, so that they may be understood. I may perhaps be criticized for naming aberrations, but I feel that we cannot correctly understand the limits of variation unless we do so. In many species it is absolutely necessary to do this, as different species have corresponding forms and would otherwise be confused with one another. I think it unnecessary to go as far as the European specialists do, but certainly every distinct form should have a name, and both Dr. Bastelberger and Mr. Prout concur in this view. The difficulty is to avoid splitting the forms too finely, as in the case of truncata and citrata. It is better to take a conservative view of them where confusion might arise, e. g., in the case of the white-banded forms of citrata and mulleolata, or the black-banded forms of the same, or in the case of many of the species of Hydriomena. We may next consider the forms of mulleolata Hulst' which ~~ seem to be worthy of names. Dysstroma mulleolata Hulst, ab. sobria, nov. Expanse 36-39 mm. This is the black-banded form of mulleolata Hulst, correspond- ing to ab. immanata Haworth of citrata. The central band of the fore wings is solid black with no markings or whitish spots visible. The wing pattern is otherwise the same as in normal mulleolata, except that possibly the brown is a trifle more yellowish extra- discally. The aberration sobria can be easily recognized by the solid black central band and the date of appearance. Apparently this is one of the rarer forms, as other specimens show the transition 70 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ~ between the black-banded and the white-banded forms, the bands having begun to break up into spots of white or gray. Holotype-—, Victoria, B.C., June 22, 1914, E. H. Black- more, in my collection. Dysstroma mulleolata Hulst, ai subumbrata, nov. Expanse 39-40 mm. In. this form the black central band has begun to break up into grayish spots, especially at costa and inner margin. This form tends to show the transition from the black-banded to the gray or white-banded form. It corresponds to the abberration simpliciata Walker and tysfjordensis Strand of citrata. The outer area has the normal wing pattern of mulleolata, but in the © character of the central band it is allied to sobria, except that the band is not solid black but broken into gray spots. Holotype.—&, Victoria, B.C., June 14, 1914; from E. H. Black- more, in my collection. -Allotype— 2, Victoria, B.C., June 24, 1915; in the collection of Mr. Blackmore. Paratypes.—Victoria, B.C.; @, June 2, 1914; 9, June 16, July 22, 1914, and June 26, 1915; in coll. Blackmore. 2 Dysstroma mulleolata, ab. ochrofuscaria, nov. Expanse 37-39 mm. This form has the central brand whitish, suffused with reddish brown, in fact, the whole fore wing is more or less suffused with brownish. It seems to be a somewhat rare form and represented in few collections and corresponds to ab. rufibrunnea Warren of D. citrata. | It is yellowish along the costa just beyond the extra- discal band of the fore wings, and has a large, reddish brown costal spot at the anal angle. The hind wings have a reddish tinge along the outer margin. Holotype,—c&, Victoria, B.C., June 27, 1915; in coll. Black- more. Allotype.— 2 , Vanmiaer Island, B.C., July 16, 1905; in my collection. Paratypes.—Duncans, B.C.; &, June 14, 1910; in coll. A. as Hanham; @, Aug. 7, 1908; in atk G. O. Day. _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST eee _ The forms of D. citrata and mulleolata, together with related species I have seen, may be listed as follows:— 1. Dysstroma citrata Linn. (gray central band). (a) Ab. punctum-notata Haw. (white central band). (b) Ab. immanata Haw. (black central band). : (c) Ab. simpliciata Walk. ack central band, white spots at ae margins). (d) Ab. tysfjordensis Strand (black central band, rae spots at et margins). . : “ (e) Ab. insolida Prout. (gray central band, black at ede): “?(f) Ab. rufibrunnea Warren (white centrally, suffused with reddish brown). _ evar. brunneata Pack. (blackish central band, brownish basally and extradiscally). -Syn.? suspectata Moesch. _ Dysstroma mulleolata Hulst. (a) Ab. sobria Swett. (b)_ “ subumbrata Swett. (c) ‘ ochrofuscaria Swett. Dysstroma hersiliata Gn. ab. mirandata Taylor. ' walkerata Pears. a occidentata Taylor. 3 ab. mutata Taylor. Cake ethela Hulst. casloata Taylor. boreata Taylor. decorata Taylor. Ss hulstata Taylor. There are other species to be added, but I have not had the present. The aberrations simpliciata Walker and tysfjordensis d, I have doubtfully referred to our fauna, but at least we have very closely allied forms which, if not identical with the European forms, are hardly distinct enough to warrant description. A very interesting fact is brought forth by Edelston (Zool., XXI, page | c. ), viz., that ¢runcata is normally double brooded and passes the winter in larval form, while citrata is single brooded and passes A _- opportunity to examine them in series, so will omit them for the ~ - 72 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the winter in the egg. The larva of truncata differs from that of citrata in colour and form of anal joints. In conclusion I wish to thank Mr. E. H. Blackmore and also Messrs. G. O. Day and A. W. Hanham for suggestions and loan of specimens. I am also deeply indebted to Mr. L. B. Prout, of - London, England, for notes and references. ON MILITARY SERVICE. The following is a list of the officers and employees of the Entomological Branch of the Dominion Department of Agricul- ture, Ottawa, who have enlisted for Overseas Service either in the Canadian or Imperial Forces: H. F. Hupson, B.S.A.—Field Officer, Strathroy, Ont., 16th Bat- tery, C. F. A. Wounded and permanently disabled for further active service. E. H. StricKLANb, M. Sc.—Field Officer, Lethbridge, Alta., Ma- chine Gun Section, 196th Battalion (Western Universities), Ye OR H. S. FLEMInGc.—Messenger, Ottawa, 52nd Battery, C. F. A. F. M. MacKenzie.—Assistant, Fredericton, N.B., Princess Pa- tricia’s Canadian Light Infantry, (P. P. C. L. L.). *F, W.Watsu.—Assistant, Lethbridge, Alta., Welsh Fusiliers. H. S. Broprr.— Assistant, Agassiz, B.C., Imperial Forces. H. Curran.—Assistant, Vineland Station, Ont. C. A. WiLLIAMs.—Inspector, Fredericton, N.B., 23rd Battery, C. F.A. G. F. BALL.—Inspector, Fredericton, N.B., 104th Battalion, C.E.F. H. S. FLEWELLING.—Inspector, Fredericton, N.B., P. P. C. L. I. **]. C. Suipron.—Assistant and Inspector, Annapolis Royal, N.S., RPA hon L. M. How.—Inspector, Annapolis Royal, N.S., 112th Battalion, CBF. : T. H. H. Fortirer.—Inspector, Annapolis Royal, N.S., Heavy Artillery, C. E. F. W. L. Harris,—Inspector, Annapolis Royal, N.S., Heavy Artillery, PAS ES | *Killed. **Died in Hospital in France. re /< > a eee arth ee ie Pe We © THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 73 S. N. Lorp.—Assistant, Ottawa, 75th Battalion, C. E. F. T. RANKIN.— Assistant, Ottawa, P. P. C. L. I. *A. H. Busu.—Inspector, Vancouver, B.C., Pioneer Battalion. The above list would be considerably longer had it been possible for the Government to release for military service more of the scientific officers. Most of the officers of the Branch have applied for leave of absence for military service, but in view of the im- portance which the Government lays on the maintenance of the agricultural production of the country it has decided that such trained men are serving the country to the best advantage by con- tinuing their present work, especially in view of the scarcity of trained men, than by undertaking duties of a military character, and for this reason it has not been possible to release more than -_ those whose names are included in the above list. THE BAY FLEA-LOUSE, TRIOZA ALACRIS FLOR. AS A NEW PEST IN NEW JERSEY. BY HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.]. For the past several years, this psyllid has been present in several green-houses in New Jersey, but only recently has it in- creased numerically enough to disfigure seriously its host, Laurus _ nobilis, the victor’s laurel of the ancient Greeks. Its presence on bay trees can be readily detected by the curled, discoloured leaves, usually at the tips of the branches, containing what appear to be cottony masses. Upon uncurling a leaf, the nymphs are easily seen, clothed in a white, waxy secretion. As a rule, the edges of infested leaves are rolled in tightly toward the mid-rib and become _ thick, distorted and of a whitish colour, giving the tree in severe infestations, a sickly and unwholesome appearance. In ‘‘Ziekten en Beschadigingen der Tuinbouwgewassen,”’ by M. Van Den Broek en P. J. Schenk (Holland, 1915), the authors state that the bay leaf flea, so called, overwinters in the adult stage, appearing in the spring and depositing eggs on the under- sides of the leaves, and that bays in and out of green-houses are *Killed. February, 1917 74 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST subject to injury. They also state that it is not a sérious pest in Holland. In New Jersey, it is customary for owners of bay trees to keep them out of doors during the summer, and cool, storage sheds where the temperature is around 38 and 40 degrees F. during the winter. It is during the summer months, of course, when the trees are either outside or under glass that most of the damage takes place. Sometimes nearly every leaf on a tree is curled and discoloured, but as a rule it is the young, developing leaves which are infested. Trees thus disfigured are not salable, and when one considers that bay trees sell at from $10.00 to $100.00 and more for single specimens it is readily seen that a considerable money loss _ can be laid at the door of this psyllid. Coming to remedies, picking off and destroying the infested leaves is one method, practical only if the infestation is slight or the number of infested trees small. Eight ounces of Black Leaf 40 plus eight pounds of whale-oil soap to one hundred gallons of water has been used in New Jersey with a fair degree of success as a sum- mer spray. It is impossible, however, to reach the nymphs pro-. tected by the tightly curled edges of the leaves, According to Dafert and Kornauth in the Report on the Work Done at the Imperial and Royal Chemical Research Station in Vienna, 1913, pp. 80-95, a review of which appears in the Review of Applied ‘Entomology, Series A, vol. II, 1914, p. 482, cyanide fumigation was tried against Tvioza alacris Flor., on laurel with complete suc- cess. The reviewers state that the American 1-1-3 formula was ..used, but nothing is said about the cubic contents, temperature, length of exposure, etc. At one place in New Jersey, where the infestation was severe during the summer and not completely controlled by the nicotine and soap spray, many last stage nymphs and adults were found on the trees November 15, after they had been placed in a storage shed, and it seems quite probable that fumigation with hydro- cyanic acid gas at this time might be effective, inasmuch as both forms were fairly active. The adults evidently hibernate on the bay trees and become active as the temperature increases. An- other dealer in bay trees in New Jersey allows his trees to remain out of doors until late in the season, taking them in only shortly ' THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 75 _ before freezing weather is likely to set in, and his trees are rarely iz troubled by the psyllid. This, however, may be only a coincidence. _ This pest was evidently introduced into New Jersey on bay trees imported from Belgium, as practically all of such trees come from that country, and psyllid injured leaves are frequently noted when the stock arrives. Inasmuch as many of the trees are later shipped out of the State, it would not be strange if specimens of ____Trioza a’acris were turned up in other places, especially the Sou thern _ States. Van Duzee in his “‘ Check List of the Hemiptera of America, North of Mexico,” records it from California with lauwri Targ., as a praonym. ADDITIONS TO THE LIST OF MISSOURI CICADELLIDA: (JASSOIDEA). ; : ~2 EDMUND H. GIBSON, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. The following list of 25 species is offered as an addition to the “Preliminary List of Jassoidea of Missouri with Notes on Species,” which was published by the writer in joint authorship with E. S. Cogan in the Ohio Journal of Science for December, 1915, vol. _ XVI, No. 2, pp. 71-78. H. L. Horsfall published an addition of _ 29 species in the same journal for May, 1916, vol. XVI, No. 8, op. 53. The present paper brings the total number of species re- ported from Missouri up to 152: _ —s Macropsis occidentalis Van D. Adults were swept from willows at Charleston during May. sh Macropsis gleditschia O. & B. Quite numerous during May and June in southeastern counties. Captured principally from locust trees. ‘ Macropsis tristis Van D. A specimen from central Missouri ___ isin the collection of the U. S. National Museum. : ____ Idiocerus ramentosus Uhl. Rather abundant on willows dur- xe ‘ing late spring and early summer months in Southeast Missouri. Bre Idiocerus pallidus Fh. SOME DRAGONFLIES FROM PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, ; BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. Somewhat more than a year ago I received from Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Curator of the Dominion Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., a number of dragonflies, including a few nymphs, ~ which he very kindly collected for me during a few days spent in Prince Edward Island in the summer of 1915. Hitherto there have been apparently no records of dragonflies from this Province, so that, although the number of species listed here is small, and doubtless represents but a fraction of the Odonate fauna of this island, it seems worth while to record them. _ All of the species are widely distributed, and with one exception _ all could have been predicted almost with certainty to occur in this region. The localities and dates of Gofleetion are as follows :— Charlottetown, pond in Victoria Park, Aug. 3. Souris, pond on New Harmony Road, Aug. 1. Little Harbour, near Souris, Aug. 14. Souris, Sept. 5. Rollo Bay, Aug. 21. P April, 1917 > 118 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST re. 1. Lestes congener Hag. Eleven nymphs, 8 full grown and 3 belonging to the penultimate stage, were taken from the pond on New Harmony Road, Souris. 2. Lestes unguiculatus Hagen. Charlottetown, 2 o’s,1 9; New Harmony Road, Souris, several nymphs eons the Pea probably belonging to this species. 3. Lestes uncatus Kirby. Charlottetown, 1 o. 4. Lestes disjunctus Selys. Charlottetown, 1 #,1 Q; Little Harbour, Souris, 2¢’s, 4 9s; Rollo Bay, 19. These four species of Lestes seem to be generally distributed in the Canadian and Transition zones from Atlantic to Pacific. - It will be noticed that the same four species and no others are in- cluded in Mr. Whitehouse’s list from Red Deer, Alta., (Can. Ent., vol. XLIX, 1917, p. 96). 5. Nehalennia irene Hagen. New Harmony ‘Road, Souris, io 6. Ischnura verticalis Say. New Harmony. Road, 1 9; Little Harbour, Souris, 6 o's, 7 9s; Rollo Bay, 2 os, 6 Qs. One of the males from Souris is somewhat teneral, the others — are fully mature, the females all pruinose. 7. Enallagma hageni Selys. Charlottetown, 2 o's; ney Harmony Road, 3 2s; Little Harbour, 8 o's. This and the preceding two species are unknown in the western half of the continent; Nos. 5 and 7 ranging into Manitoba, while No. 6 has not been taken in Canada, west of Nipigon, Ont. 8. Enallagma civile Hagen. Souris, Sept. 5, 1 @ in full colour, This is chiefly a western species, and is rare in Canada. Its occurrence in Prince Edward Island was unexpected, although there is an old record of its capture in Quebec. I have also re- ceived it from Manitoba. 9. Aeshna interrupta interrupta E. Walker. Little Harbour, 1 &. Thespots formed by the interrupted lateral thoracic bands are rather large and rounded, though completely separated. New Harmony Road, one full-grown female nymph. 10. shna umbrosa E. Walker. Charlottetown, fragments of two male exuvie from pond, apparently this species; New Harmony Road, one o exuvia and four very young nymphs. N THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 119 11. Somatochlora elongata _ Rollo Bay 1 &. Not ER known west of Wisconsin. 12. Libellula quadrimaculata L. Charlottetown, 3 o's; New _ Harmony Road, 4 nymphs, two belonging to the penultimate stage, the others younger. 13. Sympetrum obtrusum Hasta: Charlottetown, 5 o's, 2 8, two of the o's recently emerged; Little Harbour, 2 os; New - Harmony Road, 1 full-grown nymph. 14. Sympetrum rubicundulum Selys. Charlottetown, 3 o's; Little Harbour, 1 &, New Harmony Road, 1% 3 s., all teneral. 15. Leucorrhinia hudsonica Selys. New Harmony Road, 2 = nymphs, penultimate and ante-penultimate stages. ae This and the preceding three species are transcontinental species, L. hudsonica being confined to the boreal region. _——s«:16.-- Leucorrhinia intacta Hagen. New Harmony Road, one nymph of the penultimate stage apparently belonging to this _ species. Another similar younger nymph was also found. ‘Distributed as far west as Alberta, (see Mr. Whitehouse’s = list, Can. Ent., vol. XLIX, p. 96.) but not common in the Cana- - dian Zone. THE STATUS OF LECANIUM CORNI BOUCHE IN NEW JERSEY (HOMOP.) BY HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N.J. This insect is undoubtedly the best recorded of all the species listed in Smith’s ‘‘ Insects of New Jersey,’’ inasmuch as it appears at least eleven times disguised under as many synonyms. J. G. Sanders, in his paper, ‘‘The Identity and Synonymy of Some of Our Soft Scale Insects,’ (Jour. Econ. Ent., 1909, p. 428) mentions 41 or 42 synonyms of Lecanium corni Bouche, and eleven of them managed to appear in Smith’s list. Sanders states that it is widely distributed in North America, _ the most important hosts being plum, peach, apricot, pear, currant, blackberry, mulberry, osage orange, elm, ash, linden, pecan, maple, Cornus, etc. It also occurs in Europe in greenhouses on peach and grape and outside on various plants including currants, goose- April, 1917 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST berries, raspberries, Cotoneaster, Corylus, Boxwood, Thuya, Viburnum, locust. It has been found recently in New Jersey on boxwood in nurseries at Rutherford, Elizabeth and Riverton, evidently having been imported from Holland on such stock within the last few years inasmuch as it is sometimes reported by inspectors examining imported boxwoods. It has been correctly recorded from New Jersey in “‘Ento- mological News,” vol. X XVI, p. 102, where it appears as Lecanium cornt Bouche, although nothing is said there concerning its syno- nyms, and the only host mentioned is boxwood. In Smith’s list it appears as follows under the genus Eulecanium: ; E. armeniacum Craw. The apricot scale; found also on plum, pear, cherry, peach, etc., but not abundantly enough to be in- - jurious. - E. canadense Ckll. Mass. to Ohio on elm, maple, oak, hickory ind peach, and should be found in New Jersey. + E. cerasifex Fitch. New York plum scale. On cherry, plum, peach, apple, pear, etc.; not common nor injurious in New Jersey. E. corylifex Fitch. On Corylus and Viburnum. E. cynosbati Fitch. On gooseberry and Gleditschia. E. fitchii Sign. Found in N. Y. on raspberry and blackberry. E. juglandifex Fitch. The butternut scale. E. kingit Ckll. On sassafras and Vaccinium corymbosum in Mass. and Conn. in N. J. E. pyri Schr. On pear, apple, hickory and white thorn. E. ribis Fitch. The “currant scale.’’ Found on currant, gooseberry, mulberry, etc. — ; While all of the above are not strictly New Jersey records, it is evident that the species occurs on various hosts within the State, but never in sufficient numbers to be injurious. This con- dition of affairs, true at a time when the list was prepared, still holds good. If anything, this particular scale can be said to be rather rare in New Jersey at the present, and at no time was it ever abundant enough to require the application of remedial measures. E. lintneri Ckll. & Benn. On sassafras in N. Y. and probably — CAN. ENT,, VOL. XLIX. PLATE VIII. (See p. 128.) PAPAIPEMA POLYMNIZ AND P. ERYNGII. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 121 NEW SPECIES AND HISTORIES IN PAPAIPEMA SM. (LEPIDOPTERA.) NO. 19. BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N.Y. With the hope of further Sacloauseh under this headian, an investigation of the flora in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., was undertaken in June, 1915. Papaipema nephrasyntheta Dyar, de- scribed from this locality and unknown in the larval stage was par- ticularly in mind, but results for this species were unsuccessful. The perennial plant life showed some departure from that of the latitude of New York, one instance of easy notice occurring with Polymnia uvedalia L. At the first occurrence of this plant a con- tained larva was noted, and it seemed different from any of the congeners. While conspicuous on account of size, but few examples of the plant were found, and only six larve resulted from the search of that year. After observing several of the larval stages, it was - evident an unknown one had been discovered, but it seemed too small to be the wished-for desideratum. Eventualities claimed all of these larve prior to pupation, so it remained for a search in 1916 to uncover a sufficient number in late July, when near maturity, whereby a convincing series of adults came to hand. Though the departures with the adult are slight, with the sum of evidence it is very clear an undescribed species is involved. From the fact the genus Polymmia is restricted to America, in itself suggestive of a possibly ancient relation between the two, and because of it clearly proving to be a preferred food plant in the faunal area where dis- covered, we propose as a name: Papaipema polymnia, n. sp. Head generically normal and smooth on frons; heavily clothed with long, erect scales of brownish colour mixed with grey and per- vaded with a purplish tone, which colouring holds for the entire thoracic vestiture. At the base of the antenna a ring of light, but not pure white scales occur; the antennz are simple, under magni- fication showing minute cilia and with scarcely any sexual disparity. ~The thorax is heavily clothed, the collar margined above with yellowish usually; the erect, spreading anterior thoracic tuft of the normal pattern; the tegule more or less powdered with yellow; the posterior tufts prominent and spreading; legs have long hairs on femur, the fore- without, the mid- with one pair, and the hind - April, 1917 122 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST tibia with two pairs of spines; the tarsus ringed faintly at the joints with light scales. Fore wing: basal area, median field and terminal space brassy yellow which may be said to be the pervading colour, the purple- brown bedy-colour appearing as minute powderings, sometimes in the terminal space obliterating the yellow, except at the apex. the ante- and post-median areas purplish, tempered by the body brown, becoming more bluish in some specimens and exhibiting a glistening sheen especially in the outer area. Maculation of the usual pattern but not sharply drawn; basal line vague, except as it outlines the basal spots which are yellow and never white; ante- medial line brown, sinuous, extending close to the claviform, below which, at the submedian vein, it outcurves to the inner margin; median shade-line occasionally traceable as an angled brownish shading, best defined in the lower median field; the post-median line geminate, the inner brown, the outer dull purplish, outcurved over the cell, thence incurved with a nearly full ogee sweep to the inner margin. The sub-terminal is very irregular, paralleling in a way the outer margin, and consists of a series of dentations running outward on the veins in little points. It defines the terminal area with a glistening boundary that is not, however, very contras*‘ng. The fringes are slightly dentate, dull purplish and glistening. The stigmata are of the usual formation, but not large; the orbicular is rounded, white, with a yellow scale at centre; claviform double, | two spots in line with the orbicular, the upper mintite and oc- casionally yellow, the lower white. The reniform consists of a lunulate, yellow marking around which are a number of small spots clustered in the usual manner and cut by the veins, the innermost usually white, the outer one yellow. The secondaries are smoky- brown, shaded darker at the outer margin. The abdomen is of similar hue. Expanse 32 to 43 mm. The male genitalia are generically typical and offer no particu- lar specific feature. The corona is more fully rounded than most of the allies, with the pollex prolonged prominently and at right angles to the costa, and this section of the valva heavily spinose, as is customary. At the clavus, or perhaps better defined as the anterior margin of the sacculus, a patch of dense setz occurs. Habitat.—Washington, D.C., and its immediate environs; a “ ——~s = * THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST “$23 specimen from the Black Mountains, N.C., (W. Beutenmuller), also a pair from Elizabeth, N.J., (O. Buchholz), are referred to this species. Type locality, Roslyn, Va. A male type is with the author, also four paratypes which may later be distributed. In coloration the species is near cataphracta, indeed were the early stages unknown it would easily pass as the white-marked variety cataphracta fluxa. In the structure of the genitalia it seems nearest merriccata and may find a serial position near that species. Polymnie \arve do not depart from the typical feeding habits. The hibernated ova doubtless hatch about the last week of May, and the plant is entered well up the stem at some tender point. When in luxuriant plants, whose height attains seven feet at times, the gallery is.at some midway portion; in small plants it may finally reach the root crown by maturity. While the stem has a slight hollow core and though the walls are heavy, feeding continues at one point long enough for the plant to produce a noticeable swelling that gives ready intimation of a contained host. No parasites were encountered, but a heavy mortality resulted from fungus in- fection, probably the same as occurs with speciosissima, as the coloration and effects seem identical. The gallery is abandoned at maturity, and in confinement a pupal cell is formed about two inches underground. Larve, at the latitude of Washington, leave the plants Aug. 1 to 10. Larval observations have been made from June 15 onward, - and the following instars noted. Stage 1V.—Head polished, honey yellow, obliquely marked at ocelli with a black line; body colour pale brown, with a more or less pinkish tone. The dorsal is a continuous stripe from cervical shield to anal plate; the sub-dorsal and sub-stigmatal are continuous on thoracic segments to the middle of joint three, thence interrupted to the middle of joint seven where it continues to the plates of joint thirteen, this break being productive of the girdled appearance common to the genus: These markings are yellowish white, the sub-stigmatal on the abdominal joints merging into the yellow white of these segments ventrally. Cervical shield laterally edged with black; anal plates conspicuous; tubercles well defined though _ small, all excepting IV smaller than a spiracle. On joint ten there is evidence of IVa forming. 124 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Stage V.—Structurally similar, but colour much darker, fre- quently a deep purple brown with the stripes showing very con- trastingly. On joint ten IVa is well developed, though not bear- ing seta, as does IV. . Stage VI.—Colour fades to dull pink, the pale yellow lines wide and conspicuous. Tubercles l and I] become more prominent, ~~ especially on joint eleven; and on twelve their mergence into a single plate preceding the anal shield, is even of greater definition. Maturity——The full-grown larva is normal for the group, though rather robust as compared with the resultant moth. The lines become vague and the general tone a yellowish translucence, with the brown plates at the tubercles conspicuous when they are larger than the black spiracle. The single seta they bear is scarcely discernible except with a lens. The head assumes a darker hue, and the anal plate becomes heavier and nearly black. Tubercle — IVa on joint ten seems never to bear seta. Larval lengths for the stages: 27, 33, 40 and 47 mm. respectively.” The pupa shows no departure from normal. It is polished brown, the shell of rather thin texture so that the white stigmata of the primaries may be discerned a week prior to emergence. Fungus claimed a large percentage whether left in the earthen cell or removed and given antiseptic treatment. “Thus the assumption __ arises that infection occurs while the larva is yet feeding. The ~~ pupal period is about four weeks; emergence dates for the series bred, Sept. 3 to 23. : One of the first plants to attract attention while examining the flora of the Chicago Plain in 1915, was Eryngium aquaticum L., one of those anomalous denizens of this area which subsist equally well through great extremes of moisture, or of dryness. We were under the able guidance of local entomologists, Messrs. A. Kwiat and E. Beer at the time, and remarked this one seemed favourable for tenanting a Papaipema, its Yucca-like foliage suggesting some- thing quite different from the usual line of food plants. Should such an one-be selected, the associate might be expected to show some departure from the customary type, and our enquiry if this plant had been followed up previously elicited the reply that — numerous observations of it the preceding year were negative in result. At a momentary pause, Mr. Beer devoted himself to several _ ———oO Loe ee eee a a, ot ce ss fT THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 125 plants in the foreground, and was successful in finding,in the crown of the taproot,a penultimate stage Papaipema larva, close to P. cerussaia, yet differing in one important detail. As this discovery happened early, the remainder of the time allotted the trip gave op- portunity for securing a representation, and ultimately the details at hand show a distinct and undescribed species. While it would be fitting to honour the discoverer, our confreres consider it will be more helpful to call the species suggestively : Papaipema eryng&ii, n. sp. Head smooth on frons and similar to the preceding species, except that’the colour is a darker purple, as is also the body tufting. The upper tarsal joints on all legs are prominently ringed with white in this instance. Fore wing: at the extreme base a white dot; the usual basal spots conspicuous and yellowish to pure white; the ante-, post-median and terminal areas are rich purple brown; the median field dark castaneous to red brown, becoming lighter near the inner margin where it shows yellow powderings; near the apex a powdery yellow patch prevails. The lines follow the character- istic courses, as with the preceding, are ill defined, and except for the large and brightly white-marked stigmata, there would be little contrast. The post-medial line is drawn sinuately from a promin- ent yellow spot on the costa above reniform outward in an un- even sweep past that marking, thence obliquely and irregularly to the inner margin. The subterminal line is vague, a broken sprinkling of yellow scales defining a boundary of adjacent areas that are for the most part concolorous. The reniform is com- ° paratively large, a central yellowish lunulate line is surrounded by seven white spots; the orbicular and claviform appear as an equally pronounced marking and consist of three superimposed white spots, the claviform being divided into two, the upper of which is smallest and stained with yellow. Several white dots ap- pear on the costa, and one outside the basal spots; fringes slightly ‘dentate. The hind wing is a dull, smoky fawn, sometimes assum- ‘ing a rosy tint and overlaid with dark purplish powderings, deepen- ing near the margin into a vague sub-terminal shading, and oc- casionally an outer line may be discerned. Beneath, the wings are deeply powdered with smoky purple. Expanse 35 to 48 mm, 126 | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The male genitalia exhibit in this case a good instance of specific ‘individuality. This modification exists in the terminal character of the clasp, with the harpe, a stout sickle-shaped member, larger _ than inany ally. Instead of the produced costal angle at the corona, the margin terminates squarely and is prolonged below into a curved hook or pollex; this section of the valva heavily spinose as usual. The harpe arises in close juxtaposition and exceeds the pollex so that these two points, unique in their nearness, may be seen in the specimen without preparation of the parts. Habitat.—The type locality is the prairie environs of Chicago; Ill., and the species doubtless enjoys a wide range through the prairie zone supporting the food plant, though it has thus far eluded > collectors, apparently. A large series of bred specimens are under observation, and a number have been labelled ‘“‘paratype” as representative for several collections. A male type and several further paratypes remain with the author. Variation in ground colour runs from a dark, almost blackish-purple, powdery effect to an even, rich, reddish tone, while one of the series showed the stigmata much reduced. These conspicuous white markings, in- clusive also of the basal spots, are similar with marginidens and © nephrasyntheta, with a strong superficiality in the direction of the latter. The larval features denote a relationship to cerussata, while the genitalia denote a proximity with Californian species in one direction, which might not be unexpected, as the food plant is generically more at home in the Southwest. The character of this food plant is such that the entry and future operations of the larva produce little evidence along the usual lines suggestive of Papaipema work. The egg overwinters and the young larva emerges about the first of June. A con- spicuous amount of frass is thrown out, but may be hidden in the cluster of close-lying leaves which by reason of their spined edges are not pleasant to handle. The flowering stem is mined to some extent, though mest of the work is in the root-crown, the larva working usually in more than one taproot. As old clumps consist of several taproots, this is easy, also one clump may furnish several larvee and these older plants are invariably selected for oviposition. Fire plays a most important role in the economy of the species, and the early failure of my co-labourers to meet with it was doubt- — > THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 127 less due to this factor. They kindly secured some of the early stages in 1916 which were missed the previous year, and such full- ness as this note contains is largely due to their efforts. Stage 1V.—Of the cylindrical type common to the genus. Head honey yellow, mouth parts concolorous, the ocelli only darkly marked. Body of deep purplish brown tone, contrastingly marked _ by the longitudinal dorsal, sub-dorsal and sub-stigmatal white lines, the latter on the six posterior segments merging ventrally to a concolorous under surface of whitish. These lines are broken on the first four abdominal segments, which appear as a dark girdle completely encircling the larva. The cervical shield sharply bordered with black laterally, with the other plates and tubercles normal. Tubercle 1Va on joint ten begins to show definition. Stage V.—Similar. Stage VI.—The dark body colour still holds, with the lines _which are always broken on the first four abdominal segments, broad and contrastingly drawn in white. Tubercles attain greatest definition in this stage, being black for the most part and those - laterally surrounding the spiracles very conspicuous. On joint ten the spiracle is surrounded by five tubercles, III, IIIa, 1V and V about the size of the spiracle, while [Va is even larger and very close to the upper corner, caudad; on eleven, III and IIIa are merged into an elongate plate bearing one seta. The anal shield is heavy, rugose and brown—not black. Ventrally a salmon tone prevails that is quite characteristic. Maturity.—Similar to preceding, the colour lighter but does not. fade to the frequent translucence of this instar. Proportionate to the increase in size, the tubercles seem smaller. Observations were from June 14 to Aug. 15, when all larve had left the plants to pupate. The duration of stages increases toward maturity with the last instar lasting twelve days in two cases observed. Length of larve from the stages, approximately, 34, 39, 45 and 50 mm. Eryngit larvee approximate closely cerussata, differing in coloration of the last stages, and in having the anal plate brown, whereas it is black with the latter. ; The burrow seems to be deserted generally for pupation, but two instances occurred in confinement where this was not so. 128 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The pupa is robust, dark shelled, and active; the frons is in no way — produced, the thoracic region and wing-covers rugose, the remainder shining except the interstices of the abdominal sutures which are finely punctured. Two sharp spines occur at the cremaster, and a subsidiary spine occasionally on the last segment laterad. Average length 23 mm.; diameter 7 mm. Emergence dates range from Sept. 25 to Oct. 15. Papaipema nephrasyntheta Dyar. The unique type of this species has remained in the United States National Museum since its description in 1908 until recently, without a counterpart. In conversation with its captor, Mr. E. A. Schwarz, we learn it was taken at light on Plummer’s Island, Md., Sept. 27, 1904. A second example from the same source and caught at the — same time, has recently been placed in the Museum collection and this, though unspread, gives a better idea of the coloration — since it is brighter, whereas the type would seem as if it might be somewhat faded. It was at first believed: the Eryngium feeder was this species, but a careful comparison forces an opposite conclusion. The Dyar species is of a lighter, clay, ground colour, with the central marking of the large white reniform a white lunulate line, — an unusual feature in the genus. Eryngium aquaticum does not flourish at the type locality, and we incline, with its author, to consider it a close ally of marginidens, with the larva yet unknown. Both the specimens at Washington are females, hence the value of genitalic comparisons are not available. EXPLANATION OF PLATE VIII. (Figures Natural Size.) Papaipema polymnie, male. Papaipema polymniea, female. Papaipema polymnie, larva, stage IV. Papaipema polymnia, larva, stage V. Papaipema polymnia, larva, mature. Papaipema eryngii, male. Papaipema eryngii, female. Papaipema eryngii, larva, stage IV. Papaipema eryngii, larva, stage VI. CANOSA FwWN Ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 129 THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GENUS PARACHRYSO- _ CHARIS GIRAULT IN THE UNITED STATES. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNI ALE, MD. The following species was found in the collections of the U.S. National Museum: — Parachrysocharis semiflava, new species. Female.—Length 0.87 mm. Dark metallic green, the head below the antenna, the legs, ventral aspect of the abdomen, the scape, the pedicel (except above at basal half), venation and tegula, lemon yellow. Cheeks yellow. Wings hyaline. . Head and thorax densely, not very finely scaly. Propodeum distinct, moderately long, tricarinate, the spiracle round, moderate in size. Axille much advanced. Mandibles tridentate, the outer tooth largest, widely separated from the middle one, falcate, the third tooth minute. Funicle joints all a half longer than wide. Parapsidal furrows complete, distinct. Club with a distinct terminal nipple. Postmarginal vein very slightly developed. The male seems to be similar but the funicle 4-jointed (no good specimens). Eight females. Austin, Texas, August 16, 1904, (Carl Hartmann), Types.—Catalogue No. 20808, U.S. National Museum, three females on tags plus a slide with the appendages. There are two ring-joints in this species, the second very short. THE INSECT DRIFT OF LAKE SHORES. BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM, ITHACA, N.Y. During the summer of 1906, while still living in Lake Forest, Illinois, in a pleasant cottage near to the shore of Lake Michigan, I spent all my spare time upon the beach studying the insect ac- cumulations of the shore-line, and trying to settle some of the questions raised by my earlier observations (1900-1904). I visited .the beach nearly every day, and collected insects-from the drift- line whenever there were any deposited there. Through early and late summer I merely collected when the collecting was good; but during the month of August I made daily careful observations on the insects at the shore-line, and on accompanying conditions of wind, waves and weather. As often happens, I settled a few of my questions and raised many new ones. After waiting ten years April, 1917 130 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : without finding another opportunity for continuing these observa- tions, I have concluded to publish the results. First, I will give the data obtained during August to show the ordinary course of beach collecting (see accompanying table), and then I will add notes on the more abundant species for the entire season. The shore of Lake Michigan at Lake Forest extends due north and south; hence it is the east wind that deposits drifting insects upon the beach. My observations show that the wind was E.-N.E. when the greatest accumulations of insects occurred. Only once (Monday, Aug. 27th) were there any deposits of insects upon the beach while the wind was blowing from the westward, and at the time of that observation .the waves were still running in from N.-N.E.,whence the wind had recently shifted. A number of piers project from the shores, and in the lee of these the flotsam gathers and slowly rotates in isolated broad eddies. | CONDENSED RECORD OF DAILY OBSERVATIONS. Aug. Wind. Flotsam. Drift. Abundant forms, 1 N.-N.E. light in black patch be- faint lines on midges and ladybirds.. side pier sand. bad 2 S.-S.E. ae in diffuse lines. almost none skins of midges and caddis-flies. 3 oO. none. +3 “py 4 S.-S.E. faint. thin gray layer. none. midges. 5 Ww. vt none. ‘, 6 E. strong. scattering. live beetles, etc. 7 oO. - none. 8 E. faint. thin streaks. % skins of midges and caddis-flies. 9 S.W. moderate. none. * 10 N.-N.E. 9 scanty, gray. almost none. 11-17 Observations interrupted. 18 S.E. moderate. little. none. 19 W. § none. ¥ 20 W. oe aa a7 21 N.W. Lal Lad ni 22 N.E., 3 $s scattery-trashy butterflies, te. 23 E.-N.E. strong. re abundant, trashy crickets, etc. . 24 E.-N.E. af f# many forms, 25 S.E.-E. subsiding much. little. 26 N.E. sk. none, much, crasshonnenm beetles, 27 N.-N.W. * much. s grasshoppers, butter-. es, etc. 28 Ww. gentle. almost none. almost none. 29 Ww. moderate. none, none. 30 Ww. oe «. oe 31 S.E.-E. - * A This flotsam often consists of nearly pure insect material. The most characteristic constituents are the cast skins of may- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 131 flies, midges and caddis-flies, which gather in inconceivably vast numbers, in floating felted mats, that are sometimes an inch or two in thickness, and square rods in area. Every cubic inch of this material represents thousands of specimens. When with shift of wind. and rising of waves these mats are cast upon the pier, they cover the planking with a plaster-like coating of ashen-gray hue. There is no place where flotsam can accumulate when the wind blows parallel with the piers, or when the waves break over them. During the month of August, 1906, there was but one period of abundance of insect drift upon the beach,—a period of three days, the 22—24th inclusive, while the wind was E.-N.E.,and follow- ing upon warm weather with westerly winds. There were scanty accumulations also on the Ist, 2nd, 6th, 8th, 10th, 25th, 26th, 27th and 28th, always accompanying an easterly wind. Sometimes the drift was a thin line of nearly pure insect remains, scarcely discover- able as a tracing along the sand at the farthest reach of the waves, as on the Ist; sometimes it was a conspicuous line of trash, with insects scattered thinly through the trash, as on the 22nd. On only twelve days of the twenty-four recorded was there any dis- coverable deposition of insects at the drift-line. These regular observations supplement earlier more casual ones, and confirm certain opinions as to the occurrence of the drift upon the shore of Lake Michigan as follows: 1. Floating insects can be deposited at the drift-line only when the waves are running shoreward. The wind is, of course, the actuating cause of their transportation by water. The waves follow the wind, but do not quite keep up with its changes. In my notes I find three entries that bear directly upon this :— “6th Aug.: wind blowing strongly from eastward (it had blown from the west the preceding day). I saw the drift begin to come ashore at close to 7 a.m., bringing in at first many live Rhyn- chophora.”’ “22nd Aug.: wind shifted inshore (from N.W.) in afternoon and drift began to appear in the evening. No flotsam; waves too rough.” | “27th Aug.: wind N.-N.W. on land, but waves still running in strongly from N.E.; many grasshoppers.” 132 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 2. Deposits of drift vary with the strength of the wind. When too strong, the sand is disturbed and many insects are buried in it. Long, evenly-running waves driven by a steady on-shore breeze give the best deposits. 3. The proportion of insect material in the drift varies with such purely local and accidental causes as the dumpings of straw and ashes from lake steamers, and with many natural causes, the two mcst important of which-seem to me to be:— (a) Storms, with attendant floods, that carry vast quantities of plant fragments into the lake. Occasionally an abundant ac- cumulation of insects may be entirely hidden amid a still more abundant windrow of this sort of material. Mr. Schwarz once ex- pressed the opinion (1890) that storms have nothing to do with the insect drift; and while it is true that the depcsits occur whether there be storms or no, yet I am sure that if an off-shore storm wind blows while any insect is swarming, within a few days that insect will appear in unusual abundance in the drift-line on some lee shore. (b) Emergence periods of particular insects. This is the most significant of all factors for the collector to bear in mind. What wind and waves gather depends on what nature has brought forth, ready to be gathered. Extraordinary accumulations of May- beetles and of Mayflies are well known to occur at regular times. It was an extraordinary shore deposit of black crickets that first interested me in the insects of the drift line (1900). Hancock has recorded (1894) for another species just the conditions of swarming and flight that made ready this crop of crickets that was gathered by the storm wind. Just after the publication of my paper (1900) recording the accumulation of the crickets in the drift on the shore of Lake Michigan on the 13th of August following a storm from the west, a friend wrote me that there had been an extraordinary — swarming of the same species in the streets of the city of Rockford, — Ill., (some 65 miles westward) on the 11th—the day the storm oc- _ curred. In my August collecting of 1916 I found but four speci- mens of this species. a Every one who has run a trap-lantern or who has sugared for moths knows how much atmospheric conditions have to do with — bringing insects out in abundance. It is the night of high humidity just before a rainstorm that finds most of them astir. The col- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 133 - lector who would profit by the salvage of the shore-line would, therefore, do well to pay careful heed to season and to weather. After conditions favourable for swarming accompanied by off- shore winds, then let him search a low, sandy beach on a lee shore. It is doubtful whether there is any other place where specimens may be accumulated so easily and in such variety. Schwarz (1889) records that he and Hubbard in four days collected more 2 than 1,100 species of beetles on the shore-line of Lake Superior at a time when the collecting there was not at its best. The . Lepidoptera of the drift-lihe, to be sure, are worthless as specimens; we 4 most of the Coleoptera, however, are good enough for the cabinet, and insects of other orders are often in good condition. be Wuat THE DRIFT-LINE OFFERS. ae Besides the vegetable debris brought down by woodland streams, the cinders and straw and other waste contributed by lake steamers, the dead vertebrates such as fishes and birds, a few of which are always present, and a few miscellaneous invertebrates —shells of mussels and snails or occasionally whole specimens of Gammarus fasciatus—there are always many insects present in the summer season. There are far more kinds of them than may _ profitably be listed here; but it may be worth while to mention in each of the orders, the forms most abundantly found in the drift- line, as indicated by my collections through the summer of 1906, during which season I collected merely a sample of the insects present whenever the collecting from the beach was good. : Coleoptera are by far the most abundant insects of the drift. | My specimens, 2,248 in number, as determined for me by Mr. - Herbert Morrison, represented 26 families and 127 species. The : species that were represented by more than ten specimens, the date of principal occurrence, the number of specimens found on that _ date and the total number of each are as follows: CURCULIONIDZ:: - Listronotus squamiger Sey, a 1 eters Lixus terminalis Lec. 11 RABIDA: CA ; Elaphrus fuliginosus Say. VI, 13:31-31. Plerostichus lucublandis Say. VI, 18: 102-179. Platynus cupripennis Say. VI, 18:12-13. a Platynus placidus Say. VI, 18:9-15. es one aaa Fab. VI, 13:232-267. v! ch srl pennsylvanicus DeG, VI, 12:117-121, 4 DYTIS iA Ilybius confusus Aube. Date? 8-14. = | Agabus confinus Gryl. VI, 13:331-335. \ 134 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : GYRINID#: ’ = Gyrinus analis Say. VI, 19:153-153. COCCINELLID#: Megilla maculata DeG. Date? 27-57. Hippodamia 13-punctata Linn. Date? 14-27. Hippodamia parenthesis Say. VI, 18:35-39. Coccinella sanguinea Linn. Date? 5-10. Anatis 16-punctata Oliv. Date? 44-67. Chilocorus bivulnerus Muls. Date? 59-66. a IDA: Lucanus pees Say. VI, 12:16-23. ; : SCARA BAIIDZ:: : Aphodius fimentarius Linn. VII, 22:88-89. - 2! CHRYSOMELIDZ:: : ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say. Date?:45-75. Lina scripta Fabr. Date?:17-26. ; Diabrotica 12-punctaia Fabr. Date?:15-30. Disonycha pennsylvanica Ill. Date?:101-169. It may be that owing to my special interest in aquatic eatin: I picked up a larger proportion of such genera as Agabus, Ilybius, and Gyrinus than of the others. I missed the annual swarming of the Lachnosternas. Of Hemiptera, doubtless the most abundant were the aphids, which I did not collect at all, owing to their minuteness and bad state of preservation. Only the larger forms were taken. More than half of these were Pentatomide. The grotesque Membracids were represented by three species, Smilia camelus Fabr., Xantho- lobus trilineatus Say, and Cyrtolobis vau. The aquatic Nepa and Ranatra’ were represented by single specimens. My list, de- termined also by Mr. Morrison, shows nine families represented by 20 species and 53 specimens. Those represented by more than four specimens are: SALDIDE: Salda pallipes Fabr. VII, 21:4-5. GERRID&: Gerris marginatus Say. VII, 13: 9-9. Lim pee rufoscutellatus Latr. VI, 13:5-6. PENTATOMID Conus delius Say. VIII, ss 3-5. Euschistus variolarius P, B.. VI, She —7, A pateticus cynicus Say. VIII, A pateticus maculiveniris Say. vi 13:10-11. The Diptera of the drift, are represented mainly by innumer- able cast skins of Chironomid from the lake bottom, and the many adult midges mixed with them are always in bad condition. Scat-— tering craneflies are always present—species of Tipula, Pachyrina a and Dicranomyia. Besides the flesh-flies of the drift that have been so well treated by Herms (’06) there are often numbers of Anthomyiidz (Chortophila, Coenosia, etc.), Borboridz (Limosina), etc., rarely in fit condition for specific determination. +« we Lepidoptera are ess during the course of “the ‘season a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 135 by nearly all the free-ranging butterflies, and by many strong- Be, flying noctuids. Utetheisa bella was not uncommon in the drift- - line on Aug. 23rd. Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera I did not save for determina- tion owing to their dilapidated condition. The former group is well represented by Bombus, Apis and several Ichneumonids and a few saw-flies. : The true Neurbpascs are represented only by the delicate lace-wings. As determined for me by Mr. Roger C. Smith, these are.— ; Chrysopa oculata Say. VI, 13:24-28. chlorophana Burn. VI, 13:1-1. Hemerobius stigmaterus Fitch. 2. conjuncius Fitch. 4. 4 peer rate Fitch. 4. humuli Linn. 2. Micromus posticus Walb. 1. Of Trichoptera, the pupal skins of three species, all unde- termined, appeared abundantly in both flotsam and drift, the dates of maximum accumulations being Aug. Ist, 8th, 24th and 25th. ‘The one common adult of the drift-line was Agrypina curvaia Banks —not'‘Glossosoma sp.?’’ as reported in my first paper (1900) on Banks’ determination. ~Neuronia concatenata Walk. once appeared, _a single specimen, and also an undetermined Leptocerus. Of Odonata, there are always present a few large dragon- __ flies, species of #schna and Anax, and often there are smaller ones, Sympetrum, Lestes, and Nehalennia. The Orthoptera of my drift collection, numbered but seven species. The three which numbered five or more specimens each (as determined by Mr. H. H. Knight) were:— - Tettigidea lateralis Say. VI, 13-148, of which but 34 were females. Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeG. VIII, 23-24, of which one was a female. - Chortophaga viridifasciaita DeG. VI, 13-5, all brown females, The Ephemeridz are represented abundantly in both flotsam and drift by innumerable cast nymphal skins, and by much fewer adult specimens. i have seen acres of the water surface along shore covered in scattered patches with floating felted masses of the skins _ of Ephemera simulans. On the 21st of July, 1906, there occurred ‘a peculiar drift, that was composed almost entirely of the wings _and other disintegrated fragments of adult Mayflies. It lay in grayish, curving lines, so thin it might have been easily overlooked, spread over the sand at the farthest reach of the gentle waves that 136 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 4 were then rushing in. Though inconspicuous, innumerable May- flies were represented; about half of them, Ephemera simulans — Walk. and the other half, three species of Heptagenia; H. pulchella — Walsh, H. interpunctata Say, and an undetermined species. These were probably the remains of adults that had finished mating and egg depcsition and had fallen, spent, upon the surface of the lake. The insects one finds at the drfetine on any shore fall in three principal categories: 1. Those present by accident; having fallen into the lake and | been swept up by the waves on to the beach. Here belong repre- sentatives of practically all orders of insects, among which the strong-flying and highly specialized members of the dominant orders do most abound. It is these that have chiefly been noticed hitherto. The lists that have been published by myself, by Miss Snow (1902) and by Dr. Schwarz show good general agreement. 2. Those that dwell in the lake, and that, on transformation, leave their exuvie floating on the surface. Here belong mainly _ 4 three groups of aquatic herbivores: Mayflies, midges and caddis- flies. It is chiefly the cast skins of these, less often the insects themselves, that one finds floating in the flotsam or cast upon the sand. More careful collecting and study of these would doubtless — Bs yield data of great value concerning the times and seasons and — relative numbers of the-insect population of our lakes. 3. Those that live as scavengers upon the carcases of the — drift-line. Here belong’ especially many beetles of the families Staphylinide,Histeride, Scarabeeide and Carabide rogers with a number of flies that have flesh-eating larva. BIBLIOGRAPHY. 1861 Hagen, H.A. Insectenziige. Stett. Ent. Zeit., 22, pp- 173 a 183. 1906 Herms, W. B. An ecological and experimental study of Sarcophagide with relation to lake-beach debris. | Jour. et Exp. Zool., 4, pp. 45-83. 2 ja 1894 Hancock, J.L. Unusual flights of the grouse-locust. Amer. Nat., 28, pp. 483-487, 1 pl. hk 1900 Needham, J.G. Insect drift on the shore of Lake Michigat a Occ. Mem. Chicago Entom. Soc., 1, pp. 1-8. : ag pars : ae ae ae $e ft PERE a ae - + a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 137 1904 Needham, J. G. Beetle drift on Lake Michigan. Can. Ent., 36, pp. 294-296. 1878 Riley, C. V. Migratory butterflies. Sci. Amer., 38, p. 215. 1890 Schwarz, E. A. | Notes on the comparative vitality of insects -incold water. Proc. Entom. Soc. Wash., 1, pp. 208— 215. 1902 Snow, Letitia M. The microcosm of the drift-line. Amer. Nat., 36, pp. 855-864. ON SOME NEW OR NOTEWORTHY COLEOPTERA FROM THE WEST COAST OF FLORIDA. BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. Among the Coleoptera taken in the vicinity of Dunedin, Florida, during the past two years are several species which are evidently undescribed, and some others worthy of note on account of their rarity or known distribution. I therefore present the fol- lowing notes and descriptions relative to them. It may be added. that Dunedin is located on Clearwater Bay, three miles north of Clearwater, the county seat of Pinellas County, and 27 miles north- west of Tampa. The bay is formed by a number of keys or islands which parallel the ‘coast of Pinellas Peninsula, about two miles from the mainland. One of these, Hog Island, about five miles long and one-half mile wide, has its southern end opposite the town of Dunedin. Its surface is of sand, somewhat thickly clothed with the characteristic sand-loving vegetation of the west coast keys. “On the mainland east of the town, which is situated in a noted citrus-growing district, are numerous small lakes or ponds, some of _ which become almost extinct during the dry or winter season. Along the margins of these ponds and in and about the wet ham- mocks, which are densely grown up with deciduous trees and under- brush, most of the species noted have been taken. My collecting has been done between Oct. 20 and April 15, though a few species are included which were taken in summer and sent to me. Scarites californicus Lec.—I regard this as a valid species. It can be separated at a glance from subterranmeus Fab., of which it has been placed as a variety by Leng and other recent writers. It is strictly maritime, occurring only beneath seaweed or half-buried April, 1917 138 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST logs, rarely on the beach of the bay, more frequently on that of the © Gulf, where 12 specimens were taken in several hours’ search on March 25, beneath thick masses of seaweed along Hog Island. Since californicus has never been recorded as mating or even as- sociating with subterraneus, and since the latter is an inland form occurring usually in or about the margins of cultivated grounds, the two, in my opinion, are distinct and separate species. ' Tetragonoderus fasciatus Hald—Among a number of beetles taken by my son and his wife at electric light on the porch of my residence at Dunedin, in June and July, 1915, was a single one of this species. It is not included in Leng’s “List of the -‘Carabide of Florida,’’* he merely stating that one had been taken. in Mobile County, Alabama, by Loding. It is frequent in sandy places in Indiana, and Horn gives its range as Michigan and New York to Louisiana and Lower California. Lebia pulchella Dej.—Single specimens of this handsome Carabid were taken beneath boards along the margins of ponds __ on Jan. 16 and April 4. Schwarz has taken it at Ft. Capron and Tampa, but it is rare wherever found. a Agonoderus indistinctus Dej.—Single specimens were taken at Dunedin, March 28 and Sanford, March 24. Not included in Leng’s list. ro Haliplus punctatus Aube.—A single example of whatI take to be this species, judging from the translation given by Roberts} of Aube’s original description, was taken Jan. 30 from a pond in an old clay pit. It is not any one of the species described by - Matheson,** and so was sent to that gentleman for examination. He pronounced it a new species, but as he and Roberts disagreed as to what the H. punctatus of Aube really is, I place it under that ~ name provisionally, eS Peltodytes oppositus Roberts.—Several specimens were | taken from ponds and ditches between Feb. 10 and April 2. This and the preceding are the only two species of the family so far salen a aa in the vicinity of Dunedin. = Notomicrus nanulus Lec.—This minute Dytiscid was taken ie . *Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXIV, 1915, pp. 555-601. . ita : tJourn. N.Y. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1913, 95. ce -_ * - lle y— ~~ eines 4 4 _ ' IDIOCERUS FITCHI VAN D., EGG, NYMPHS AND ADULTS. (P. 153.) ; : Che Panadian Kutomologist, Vou. XLIX. LONDON, MAY, 1917 No. 5 “3 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY . NOTES ON THE BLACK AppLE LEAF-HOPPER. me : (Idiocerus fitchi Van D.) ae: W. H. BRITTAIN AND L. G. SAUNDERS,* TRURO, N.S. a Originally described by Fitch from New York State, this in- _ sect apparently occurs quite generally throughout the North- eastern United States and Canada. It is very common throughout the Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia. : = INJURIES. Many farmers who have noticed this insect at work, have - considered it to be a pest of some importance. Most of the in- _ juries that they have attributed to its agency, however, have been _ brought about by other causes. Where numerous, the insects a swarm over the new growth and particularly about the blossom ' clusters, where they may easily be observed feeding. Though _ _ unquestionably some damage results from their work, it is apparent, ' from a careful study of their feeding habits, that they are of little '_ importance as fruit pests. Numbers of the nymphs were placed = on apple seedlings, and their effect on the plants noted. There was no noticeable curling or blotching of the leaves as a result of even a relatively large number of nymphs on a small seedling. _ The only effect that could be seen, was that occasionally a bead i _ of clear sap would be seen oozing through a punctured blossom __ pedicel or leaf petiole. This might eventually result in the wither- H R ing and dropping off of the affected part. It was evident, therefore, ; that the damage done was not serious, and that the presence of the pest in the orchard, even in large numbers, did not justify the alarm sometimes caused by its appearance. DESCRIPTION OF LIFE STAGES. Ege.—Length .065 to 0.737 mm. Width 0.167 to 0.187 mm. Elongate, more or less cylindrical; widest near posterior extremity, * Contributions from Entomological Division, Nova Scotia, Department of Agriculture. oti ele SUBS > 150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST which is rather broadly rounded; rather strongly curved near apex on one side; apex sharply curved on this side, broadly rounded | on the opposite side; colour whitish; chorion smooth and shining. Stage I.—Length 1.24 to 1.82 mm.; width of head including eyes .52 to .56 mm. General colour shining black. Eyes dark red. Head short and wide, broadly rounded before eyes. Thorax with fine yellowish median longitudinal line. First abdominal segment yellowish,with broad, dark brown band slightly procurved, not reaching lateral, posterior or anterior margins. Second segment sometimes-yellowish, on posterior margin. Abdomen with numerous long, stout hairs regularly placed. Legs shining brown- ish black; coxe, trochanters and tarsi pale yellowish, excepting tip of claws which are brownish black. Antenne pale yellowish, basal segment darker, almost brown. Short, stout hairs on the entire length of tibia, and a very few on the femora. Stage IT.—Length 1.48 to 1.75 mm.; width of head including eyes .55 to .6 mm, Head and legs relutfvely ‘smaller than in pre- ceding instar. Distal third of fore tibiz yellowish. Tips of tarsi and claws brownish black. Colouring in other respects similar to stage I. Tibia very finely pubescent, with a few longer hairs at tip; not clothed for the entire length as in former instar. Entire surface of body and legs very finely granular, producing a less shin- ing appearance. Stage III.—Length 2.025 to 2.62 mm.; width of head includ- ing eyes 1.05 to 1.112 mm. Colouring sitsilas to first two instars, excepting a continued modification of colouring on legs, the fore tibia being brownish black on proximal half and yellowish on the remainder, while the distal extremity of the middle tibia is yel- lowish. Wing-pads apparent. Stage IV.—Length 3.1 to 3.29 mm.; width of head including eyes 1.25 mm. Form and colouring similar to other stages; wing- pads prolonged, mesothoracic pair extending along sides of meta- thorax for two-thirds their length. Stage V.—Length 3.65 to 3.82 mm.; width of head including eyes 1.47 to 1.55 mm. Body stouter than preceding stages, lateral margins being almost parallel, slightly the widest at eyes; prothorax a little narrower than head and longer; mesothorax shorter than prothorax and metathorax still shorter. Wing-pads THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : 151 _ reaching just beyond articulation of 4th and 5th abdominal seg- = ments. Abdomen tapering gradually to 7th segment, thence more _ sharply to caudal extremity. Abdomen with usual arrangement a ae Be dis stout re regularly placed. Last abdominal segment * _ Adult.—The following is the description given by Fitch (1) for this species: _ Chestnut-brown varied with white; elytra hyaline, with a s — large, fuscous spot on the middle and another at the apex of the _ outer margin, with an intervening white spot; a faint, white spot Bi teieneds the base of the sutural margin. Length 0.35 mm. _ The more complete description of Osborne and Ball (6) is as follows: . 3 Chestnut-brown with narrow, light stripes on pronotum, =z scutellum, and clavus. Length of female 5.75 mm.; male 5.25; a width 1.7 mm. Face, in the female, chestnut with broad circles around the ~ large, black spots on vertex, and small crescents under the ocelli light yellow; in the male, yellow with a chestnut stripe down the _ middle and a darker one each side from the corner of the eye down the genz outside the lore. Pronotum chestnut with a pair of a black spots on the anterior margin, the posterior margin and three spots on the disc light yellow, scutellum with the margins and tip light yellow. Elytra brownish, the nervures darker, a narrow, _ light stripe on the outer margin of clavus, and a hyaline band cross- _ ing the apex and broadening towards the costa where it sharply interrupts the broad, dark margin. % ~ Head scarcely wider than the short, convex pronotum, but _ very deep. The outer anteapical cell short, triangular, the nervure _ then curving away to the costa. Ultimate ventral segment of the ir. female with the posterior margin rounding, slightly emarginate in , ‘the middle; male valve with the posterior margin acutely tri- ‘angular, the sides concave. FOOD PLANTS. “fa Fitch (1) records this species as having been taken on thorn . > bushes, and Osborne (7) reports it from the hawthorn and crab. 152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST In Nova Scotia it is most common on pears and apples, swarming — over the trees in large numbers during the spring and early summer. LIFE-HISTORY, The emergence of the nymphs from the eggs commences several days before the apple blossom petals open, and continues for some time after they fall, a period, speaking’ generally, including the- latter part of May and the first part of June. The duration of the nymphal stage is from 7 to 8 weeks. Some days after emergence copulation takes place, and shortly — after this, the eggs are laid. Selecting a suitable place, most fre- quently in the fruit spur, or a roughened surface on one of the smaller twigs, the female makes a puncture with her beak. She then draws herself forward and inserts her ovipositor in the spot, remaining thus for several minutes. She then removes her ovi- positor, rests for several minutes, and selecting another suitable location, repeats the process. There is only one brood a year, is winter being see in ane egg stage. REFERENCES. 1. Fitch, Asa, (1851). Jdiocerus maculipennis. 4th Ann. Rept. of the State Cabinet of Natural History, p. 59. Reprinted in 9th Rept. Inj. Ins. of N. Y. for 1892 (1893), p. 399. 2. Walker, Francis (1852). Bythoscopus maculipennis. List of Homop. in Brit. Mus., IV, p. 1161. 3. Van Duzee, E. P., (1890). Idiocerus maculipennis. Psyche, Vol. V, p. 388. 4. Osborne, H., (1892). Jdiocerus maculipennis. Proc. Ia. Acad. — : Se., Vol. I, pt. II, p. 12. : 5. Van Duzee, E. P., (1894). Idiocerus maculipennis. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXI, p. 262. 4 6. Osborne, H. & Ball, E. D., (1898). Idiocerus maculipennis. Review of the North Avietican Species’ of pase ProCeam Davenport Acad. Sc., Vol. VII, p. 127. 7. Osborne, H., 1898. Idiocerus maculipennis. Rept. la. Agr. “4 College for 1898, p. 9. 8. Van Duzee, E. P., (1909). Idiocerus fitchi. Can. Ent., Vol. 7 XLI, No. 11, p. 383. 4s 7 ees ele ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 153 . Brittain, W. H., (1915). Jdiocerus fitchi. Proc. N. S. Ent. - Soc., p. 38-39. EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. ey Binierus fitchi—Fig. 1, egg; figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, first, second, third, fourth and fifth stage nymph; fig. 7, adult. es THE INSECT COLLECTIONS OF CANADA. I. " es THE COLLECTIONS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. ihe _ BY C, J. S. BETHUNE, GUELPH. “- When the Entomological Society of Ontario was organized in April, 1863, one of the objects set forth in its constitution was the formation of a general collection of insects. During the fol- ag lowing year the records show that a cabinet of seven drawers was ___presented by Professor Croft, the President, and nearly 1,700 speci- ec ‘mens were contributed by seven members. At another meeting held during the same year over 600 specimens, belonging to various _ orders were added to the collection. An excellent beginning was _ thus made through the generosity and enthusiasm of the mem- In December, 1869, the Society received a grant of $400 for the year 1870, from the Board of Agriculture and Arts Association ____ of Ontario, on condition that it’ ‘‘furnished an Annual Report, formed a cabinet of insects useful and prejudicial to agriculture __and horticulture, ‘and continued the publication of the Canadian | Entomologist.’ In fulfilment of these conditions the first of the Society’s Annual Reports was published and a cabinet of insects, a _ arranged from an economic point of view, was prepared and placed _.in the rooms of the Association in Toronto. What became of this ; _ collection the writer has been unable to ascertain. Be. Being now possessed of an annual income, the Society made a ee ~ grant of $75 to the London Branch towards the purchase of a _ cabinet. With this aid the Branch procured a large, black walnut oy cabinet containing forty-five drawers and proceeded gradually to “fill it with an excellent collection. It now forms part of the So- ciety’ $ property and occupies a place with the rest of our material in the Museum of the Ontario Agricultural College. A cabinet May, 1917 154° THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of fifteen drawers, filled with specimens, was bequeathed to the ° Society by its first Curator, the late Rev. James Hubbert. In 1875 the attention of the Scciety was drawn to the de- sirability of sending a collection of Canadian insects to the Cen- tennial Exhibition to be held at Philadelphia during the follow- _ ing year, and measures were taken to carry the project into effect. Aided by a grant of $500 from the Commissioners appointed by the Dominion Government, the work was entered upon with great activity by the members resident in London. A specimen case of the kind used at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cam- bridge, Mass., was procured from Dr. Hagen, and a large number of similar style were constructed. A supply of sheet cork, of double the ordinary thickness, for lining the cases was obtained from England. All the members in London who had collections generously placed them at the dispcsal of the Committee who had charge of the work, and many others, resident in different pafts of | Ontario and Quebec, liberally assisted in supplying specimens to fill any requirements for the completion of the exhibit. The work went on during many months, and in the spring of 1876 the collection was completed and sent to Philadelphia, whére it arrived without injury to a single specimen. It consisted of eighty-six cases, forty-five of which were filled with Lepidoptera, twenty-seven with Coleoptera, three with Hymenoptera, five with Neuroptera (including the Odonata and some other orders), two with Hemiptera, three with Diptera and one, with Orthoptera. When spread out in the Agricultural Hall they formed a double row more than seventy-five feet long and presented a very attrac- tive appearance. In order to ensure correctness in naming, all doubtful speci- mens were submitted to specialists as far as possible. Mr. A. R. Grote, the leading authority on the Lepidoptera, twice visited London, and on each occasion spent some days in carefully going over the collection. The Coleoptera were largely named by Dr. G. H. Horn, the Geometers were submitted to Dr. A. S. Packard, and the Neuroptera were identified by Dr. Hagen. The value of the collections for purposes of reference was thus immensely in- creased. Years afterwards the Noctuids were inspected by Dr. John B. Smith, and he could find but few instances of mis-identi- ee 4 See ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 155 ma fication. * The chief credit for the successful accomplishment of this great task is due to the energy and enthusiasm of Dr. William _, Saunders and Mr. E. Baynes Reed, two of the original ae _ of the Society. In 1882 a portion of the esdlletiori, consisting of forty cases, was sent to the International Fisheries Exhibition in London, England, by request of the Dominion Minister of Marine and Fisheries. It was also sent to the Dominion Exhibition in Ottawa. In 1886, in compliance with the request of the Dominion Government, and with the cordial approval of the Provincial Government, the whole of the Society’s collection of Canadian insects was sent to England to form part of the Indian and Colonial _ Exhibition. The collection contained over ten thousand speci- mens, representing the various orders. Two of the cases were broken in transit, and a number of specimens of Lepidoptera were damaged. After the return of the collection to London, Ontario, & it was decided that it should not again be sent away for exhibition purposes, in order that any danger of injury or loss might be avoid- ed. From these exhibitions the Society received a number of Ce ae! tee eee medals, gold, silver and bronze, and several diplomas. In 1890 the Society purchased the collections of Mr. Johnston Pettit, of Grimsby. These consisted of a cabinet of twenty small _ drawers, containing a fairly representative collection of North American Coleoptera determined for the most part by Dr. Horn and other specialists, and, therefore, valuable for reference; there was also'a variety of specimens of exotic Lepidoptera and other orders. The most interesting and probably the most valuable of the _ Society’s possessions from a scientific point of view is the D’Urban collection of Lepidoptera. It consists of a single drawer (No. 16 in the large, walnut cabinet), containing 183 specimens of moths, mostly Noctuids and Geometers. In one corner is pinned the following note by Mr. E. Baynes Reed, dated London, Novem- ber, 1871: ‘‘ This collection of Canadian Moths was made by Mr. William D’Urban, formerly a resident of Montreal, but now of Exeter, Devon, England. They were taken to England by him : and sent to Mr. Francis Walker at the British Museum for identi- fication. Many of the specimens are the identical types of Mr. 156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST = > Walker’s catalogue. The labels are all in his handwriting. Mr. D’Urban sent the collection to Mr. E. B. Reed who reset them, taking care to preserve the identification. The collection has thus twice crossed the Atlantic.” g The re-setting was probably a change from the English custom of pinning low to the use of long pins and to a much higher position. — . Dr. J. McDunnough, of Decatur, Ill., has recently inspected the collection and has published a series of notes on a number of the specimens in vol. III, No. 1, of the Barnes & McDunnough, “Contributions to the Natural History of the Lepidoptera of North America.’ Mr. D’Urban published “A systematic list of Lepidoptera collected in the vicinity of Montreal” in The Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. V, pp. 241-266, and in vol. VI, pp. 36-42 under the title ‘Addenda to the Natural History of the River Rouge”’ (Montreal, 1860-1861) descriptions of new species of Nocturnal Lepidoptera, by Mr. Francis Walker of the British Museum, the types of most of which are in this ‘‘D’Urban Collection.” The remaining forty-four drawers of this cabinet contain a variety of very beautiful and interesting specimens from various parts of the world. Fifteen drawers are filled with gorgeous butterflies and moths from India, China, Japan, Africa, South America and the West Indies; six with beetles of wonderful shapes and colours from India, Australia, Africa and South America; two with East Indian Hymenoptera, Hemiptera and Orthoptera; one with tropical Arthropods (scorpions, centipedes, etc.) There are also four drawers of English Lepidoptera and one of Diptera sent by Mr. F. Walker of the British Museum. The remainder are filled with North American specimens from the Southern and Western States, Manitoba (collected by the late Mr. E. F. Heath), some remarkable hybrids of Saturnian moths, silk and cocoons, Insect Architecture, etc. The most important collections belonging to the Society are contained in one hundred drawers arranged in five double cabinets. Twelve drawers are filled with Butterflies, six with Sphinges, twelve with Bombycid moths, nineteen with Noctuids, six with Geometers and seven with Micro-Lepidoptera. The remaining THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 157 thirty-eight are filled with Coleoptera. This is a purely Canadian ‘collection, almost entirely from Ontario. ‘The specimens have in nearly all cases been named by specialists when they were brought together for the Philadelphia Exhibition, and are therefore most valuable for reference and comparison; but unfortunately date and locality labels were not thought of so much importance in those days as they are now, and 98 ae few are provided with them. A walnut cabinet of fifteen drawers contains North American ac _ species of Hymenoptera (five drawers). Diptera (two), Neurop- _ teroid insects (two), Odonata (three), Hemiptera (two) and one of _Orthoptera. These are for the most part collections made many __—-years ago, with ‘very few recent additions. The Neuropteroid specimens were named by the late Dr. Hagen, of Harvard Uni- _ versity. The Society has a very meagre collection of insects out- side of the Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, contributions of speci- mens of any other orders would, therefore, be most acceptable. In addition to the foregoing, the Saciety possesses a large number of book-boxes containing a great number of Coleoptera from California, and many specimens of British and exotic Lepi- doptera. All the collections are carefully gone over at least twice a _ year to guard against any injury from Anthrenus or other museum pests. : -A NEW SARCOPHAGA FROM NEW YORK. eR. R PARKER, STATE COLLEGE, BOZEMAN, MONTANA. Sarcophaga fulvipes dissidia, n. subsp. 1914. Sarcophaga fulvipes nigra* Parker, Proc. Bos. Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 38, 40, 41. Characters. 1916. Sarcophaga fulvipes var., Aldrich, Sarcophaga and Allies, p. 184. Holotype &.—Collection of C. W. Johnson, Boston, Mass. (o&) Posterior trochanter without ‘‘brush;’’ femur arched, its anterior face without ventral row of bristles (only a single distal bristle present); anterior and posterior faces of tibia each with a * S. fulvipes dissidia was referred to in part one as S. fulvipes nigra, but nit a has since been found to be preoccupied; therefore, the subspecies is des- d under the name dissidia. Et Sez 1917 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST very thick beard of very long, coarse hairs extending full length of tibia; middle femur clothed beneath nearly to distal extremity with long hair, posterior ventral row of bristles represented only by a few short bristles on about distal fifth; tibia clothed beneath on about its distal half with long, dense hair that anteriorly and posteriorly becomes coarser and beard-like, submesotibial bristle _absent; vestiture of third ventral plate short and erect; genital segments dull orange, yestiture of both equally long, first large and without marginal bristles (possibly variable). Fig. 7.—Sarcophaga fulvipes dissidia, n. subsp. A, Genital segments of o’; B, fifth ventral plate of &. Head.—Viewed from side, parafrontals and gene with dark re- flections. Breadth of front at narrowest part about three-fifths eye width; cheek height approximately one-third that of eye. Front prominent, sides of frontal vitta slightly converging back- ward. Second antennal segment dark; third about twice length of second; arista plumose on basal two-thirds. Back of head somewhat convex, with three rows of black cilia behind eyes, otherwise clothed with yellowish white hair that completely covers the metacephalon. Cheeks clothed with black hair. Gena with a single row of bristle-like hairs near lower eye orbit. Palpi dark. Cheetotaxy.—Lateral verticals absent; vibrisse inserted just above line of oral margin. Thorax.—Mesonotum clothed with erect, almost bristle-like THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 159 hair. Hairs covering anterior spiracle dark brown basally becom- ing lighter toward tips; those of anterior margin of posterior spiracle dark brown; those of spiracular cover light yellowish brown with yellowish tips. Epaulets dark. Wings.—Bend of a fourth vein a right angle; anterior cross- vein more basal than end of first longitudinal; costal spine vestigial; _ third vein bristly; section III of costa about one and one-fourth times section V; alulz fringed with hair; calypters whitish, margins fringed with white hair. Legs.—Dark; all tarsi distinctly shorter than their respective tibia. Posterior trochanter without ‘‘brush;” femur cylindrical, arched, clothed beneath with long hair that, forms a beard posterior- ly; anterior face with but two rows of bristles, an upper and an intermediate, latter not developed distally, of lower row a single distal bristle present; posterior face without ventral row of bristles; tibia curved, anterior and posterior faces each with a very thick beard of very long, coarse hairs extending full length of tibia, latter somewhat the stronger; fourth tarsal segment at least one- ‘half fifth. Middle femur clothed beneath nearly to distal ex- tremity, especially posteriorly, with long hair; anterior ventral row of short bristles complete, posterior row represented only by a few short bristles on about distal fifth; tibia clothed beneath on its distal half or slightly more with long, dense hair that becomes ' coarser and beard-like anteriorly and posteriorly; submesotibial bristle absent. Ventral surface of anterior coxa with an irregular row of bristles at each side and anteriorly with others between them; tibia with a beard-like line of short hairs distally on posterior ‘face (probably absent in small specimens). “Chetotaxy.—Anterior dorsocentrals slightly reclinate, not weaker than anterior postsuturals; anterior acrostichal absent; last two pairs posterior dorsocentrals strong, anterior to these _ several pairs that are mostly very weak and scarcely distinguish- -' able from vestiture of scutum; prescutellar acrostichals present; -scutellar apicals present; three sternopleurals, middle one weak; lower sternopleura with a single row of bristles, otherwise clothed with long hair. Abdomen.—Somewhat conical; clothed above with short, re- clinate bristles, beneath with somewhat longer, more erect hair. f Beet ee 160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Ventral plates as a whole, with their sides slightly converging posteriorly though they may appear approximately parallel; vesti- ture decreasing in length posteriorly, that of third very short and erect. Posterior margin of fourth notum of same colour as genital segments. Fifth ventral plate (v. p. 5) typical. Chetotaxy.—Second segment without marginal bristles, third with two; fourth with complete row ending ventrally in long hairs. Genital Segments.—Prominent; dull orange; vestiture of both equally long. First (9 s.1), large, in profile slightly arched, marginal bristles absent; second (95.2), rotund, not flattened; anal area small, its upper limit not extending to middle of posterior surface. Forceps darkened, tip very strongly bent forward, in profile vesti- ture extends to forward bend, prongs approximated to bend. Genitalia.—Head of penis large and its structure complicated. Tips of posterior claspers (a.c. and p.c.) bent forward, flattened dorso-ventrally. Accessory plates hairy (a.c.). (2) Not known. Described from 1 male specimen. Range.—Type specimen taken at Niagara Falls, N.Y. Aside from the striking difference between this subspecies and Sarcophaga fulvipes (Macquart), the point of greatest in- terest is the extremely heavy beards of the hind tibia, which are the most striking of any species known to the writer. The hairiness of the middle tibia is also unusually long and abundant. — Considering the extreme weakness of the middle sternopleural bristle, probably specimens will be found with this lacking, in fact, of the two specimens of S. fulvipes fulvipes examined, one has two sterno-pleurals on each side, the second two one side, three on the other. Comparatively, the posterior or lower calypter is very large. The single specimen described belongs to the colina of 2 C. W. Johnson, of Boston, as does one of the two specimens of — S. fulvipes fulvipes examined. The latter were taken at St. Augus- tine, Florida. The genitalia of both subspecies are identical in all respects. The advisability of giving this specimen subspecific : ranking may perhaps be questioned, but it seemed to me wiser — to err in so doing than that such an extreme variation should be lost sight of. It may be a case of melanism. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 161 S. fulvipes fulvipes Macquart differs from the subspecies just _ described in the following characters; sides of frontal vitta parallel or slightly converging backward (should probably be same varia- tion in dissidia); second antennal segment dull orange; palpi light (dull orange); hairs covering anterior spiracle mostly grayish, bases dark; those of anterior margin of posterior spiracle dark at base only; those of spiracular cover yellowish, perhaps faintly darkened basally; epaulets dull orange, brownish basally (Ravinia- like); cox, trochanters, femora and tibiz of all legs dull orange, tarsi brown or brownish orange; anterior dorsocentrals not dif- ferentiated except that one or two show anteriorly; anterior pleurals, middle one weak if three are present; first genital seg- ment with or without marginal bristles, if present very slender ~~ postsutural dorsocentrals not differentiated; two or three sterno-_ and hair-like, several each side of centre; forceps only darkened — distally. The most striking of the differences above noted is the dull orange colour of the second antennal segments, palpi, epaulets and first four segments of the legs. Though all the anterior dorsocentrals are differentiated in the subspecies dissidia, this may be a variable character; the absence of marginal bristles on the first genital segment may perhaps be variable. In the smaller of the two specimens of fulvipes the bearded character of the middle tibiz is far less distinct, the anterior tibia lacks a beard-like line of short hairs distally, the posterior beard of the hind tibia is much stronger than the anterior, and the ventral surface of the anterior coxa has an irregular row of bristles at each side only. AN INTERESTING CASE OF INSTINCT. _BY L. M. STOHR, ST. ALEXANDER’S COLLEGE, IRONSIDE, QUE. While collecting last fall branches of Sumach which, on ac- - count of their great medullar development, often shelter different kinds of aculeate Hymenoptera, I was fortunate enough to find one that furnishes a striking example of instinct. The stalk re- ferred to had been used as a dwelling by several Hymenoptera, as might be seen from the old cells, whose location is still perfectly noticeable. Later on a woodpecker, having remarked the presence May, 1917 162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST - of the insects, helped itself to a meal at slight cost, pecking three — holes; one at 18, the other at 22.5 and the last at 30 cm.,below the top of the branch. Notwithstanding the precarious condition of f | O j } i Fig.8.—a Holes made by woodpecker. a’ Id. covered with pieces of resin (b’). b Pieces of resin forming barricade. 1-6 Cells separated by resin partitions. five other cells above this barricade. the stalk, opened at not less than four points, an insect thought it still serviceable and turned it into a nest for its progeny—and it must be owned, it did it well. One cell had been built at the bottom of the canal. A piece of resin formed the floor, a transverse partition of the same substance the ceiling. Up to the present time my observa- tions of Hymenoptera making their nests in pithy plants have not yet furnished me with any instances of an Apoid using resin for the . construction of partition. A bee, however, it was, since some yellow powder, which remained in a cell, was proved by microscopic examina- _ tion to be pollen dust. In Europe the Heriades truncorum L. is said to use resin for the same purpose. ' ; After this first cell had been constructed, the insect seemed to feel some misgivings con- cerning the ultimate fate of its progeny, and left unoccupied that section of the tunnel which ex- tended as far as the lowest orifice bored by the woodpecker. the bee reveals itself. It placed a first resin stopper just below the level of this aperture, a second one in the hole itself and a third above. The stopper applied to the orifice closes it, but imperfectly, and does not fill the whole tunnel on the inside. But the two other pieces, above and below, are quite cylindrical and close the tube hermetically. All danger of intrusion from below being thus removed, the bee-constructed Once more it did not make use of the whole length of the tube between the two lateral openings, but stopped its work 2.5 cm. below the second hole. A straight Here the wonderful instinct of | ~ ee ee tHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 163 - resin stopper, the last one, was applied just underneath this hole, and all the rest of the canal, some 24 cm., was left unoccupied. _ In the accompanying sketch only the section of the branch con- _ taining the woodpecker’s holes has been represented. | We see here a case in which a Hymenoptera showed remark- able discernment by filling up an accidental opening in the stalk _ it had chosen as a home for its young, and which, if left open, would _ have proved fatal for the further development of its progeny. Moreover, the insect stopped its work in time to avoid a repetition of the same labour. Indeed, it is not easy to explain how the offspring—of moderate size as indicated by the length of the cells—could have made their way through a barricade twelve _ millimeters thick, like the one near the lowest orifice. Must we now infer that the insect in question proved itself to be endowed with reason and intelligence? The problem has _ already been solved. Ferton* quotes a case in which an Odynerus - pasictum L. covered with clay a lateral fissure several centimeters _ long. He mentions also two instances in which an Osmia ferru- _ ginea Latr. stopped up in the same way holes in a shell of a Helix. _ The Osmia cornuta Latr. in several cases repaired cracks in the walls of its nest. Of six specimens of Heriades truncorum observed __ by him, three filled up fissures with resin. ‘The above mentioned author infers from these facts that such actions are mere manifestations of instinct, and says in con- clusion: ‘‘With Hymenoptera, acts of intelligence are exceptional; _ often those which seem such are nothing else than its manifesta- tions of a habit but seldom remarked.” NEW COLEOPTERA.—VI. 7 ie BY H. C. FALL, PASADENA, CAL. i The preceding articles of this series have appeared at inter- _vals from Aug., 1905, to Feb., 1912—under the caption “ New Coleoptera, Chiefly From the Southwest.’ For the present one and any that may follow, the abbreviated title will be used, even _ though the majority of new species described may still come from the Southwest. * Ferton: Sur |’ instinct des Hyménoptéres, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 1901, pp. 142—144, - May, 1917 164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Lathrobium shermani, n. sp. Form moderate; reddish brown, shining, pubescent. Antenne rather stout, scarcely reaching the bases of the prothorax, outer joints moniliform. Head as wide as long, a little wider behind, the angles broadly rounded, surface rather sparsely punctate. Eyes wanting, but in their place a small, nearly smooth, whitish spot of about the size of the second antennal joint; beneath sparsely punctate, the gular sutures rather widely separated, most ap- — proximate at about the middle of their length, where they are dis- tant by about the width of the penultimate joint of the maxillary palpi. Neck one-half as wide as the prothorax, the latter oblong oval, narrower than the head, longer than wide, just perceptibly narrowed behind, the angles all rounded, the posterior ones a little - more broadly so,-surface,finely rather sparsely,confusedly punctate, with narrow, ill-defined, smoother median line. Elytra distinctly shorter than the prothorax, humeri small, sides divergent, the width at the apex equal to that of the prothorax, punctures with- out serial arrangement, coarser than those of the prothorax, - mutually distant by their own diameters or a little more; wings undoubtedly vestigial or wanting. Abdomen gradually a little widened to the fifth segment, punctuation finer, not close. Legs concolorous; front thighs stout, broadly angulate subapically be- neath; front tarsi broadly dilated, hind tarsi three-fifths as long as the tibiz, basal joint short, terminal joint longer than the two pre- ceding. Length 6.3 mm.; width 1.15 mm.- North Carolina, Grandfather’s. Mt., 4,000—-5,000 ft., September. (F. Sherman collector.) : The unique type is a male, having the sixth ventral segment broadly, rather deeply, arcuately emarginate, the segment bearing about the middle of its length on either side of the median line a short, transverse comb of closely placed, porrect, black spinules, about eight in number. This species is remarkable in being the first blind—or virtually blind—Lathrobiid to be discovered in our fauna. In the European fauna the members of the subgenus Glyptomerus are similarly de- prived of normal eyes, but the characters of Glyptomerus, as given — by Casey in his Revision of the American Pzederini do not well fit our species. L. shermani is perhaps nearest to A bletobium pallescens THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 165 _ Casey, in which the eyes, though not lacking, are very small. The 3 species is with pleasure dedicated to its discoverer. Tribalister striatellus, n. sp. : Rotundate oval, castaneous, moderately shining; ‘above minutely, sparsely, evenly punctulate; elytra 6-striate, the four __ outer ones subentire, the two inner abbreviated at base; sutural _ _ stria punctate,the others scarcely so except near the apex; margin of _ elytra acute and continuous with that of the prothorax; discal strie entirely without cariniform outer margins. Propygidium coarsely, densely punctate, smoother narrowly along the base; pygidium more finely, sparsely punctate, with intermixed still finer punctures, the latter alone present at apex. Sides of body beneath very coarsely, densely punctate. Otherwise in nearly all respects as in 7. marginellus. Length 2 mm.; width 1.5 mm. Rhode Island, Berkley; a single diaraple taken by the writer many years ago under a stone in early spring. It was then identi- fied as probably 7. marginellus, by Mr.-Frederick Blanchard,. but a recent comparison with the type of the latter inclines me to the belief that it is specifically distinct. In marginellus the upper sur- face is virtually impunctate except for the coarse punctures along | the elytral apex (which are also present in striatellus) ; the so-called elytral strie, after the second, which is very finely impressed, are really not striz at all, but costa, the striae being completely obsolete and traceable only by the slightly different surface lustre along the inner side of the cost; the sutural stria is impunctate, the pygidium is less finely punctate, and the sides of the body beneath are less ‘coarsely and densely so. The region between the hind coxa, in- volving the apical portion of the metasternum and the basal part all so in ag striatellus. The frontal stria is interrupted medially in marginellus, finely impressed and entire in striatellus.. Marginellus was described in 1859, the type being from Maryland, and very few examples have since been taken. Striatellus also appears to be excessively rare, and I am not aware that a duplicate exists in collections. Er) HETARIUS. Hetzerius zelus, n. sp. Oblong, feebly convex above, rufo-ferruginous with fulvous pubescence. Head shining, vertex concave, sparsely punctate, = 166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST front and clypeus subimpunctate. + Prothorax two-fifths wider than long, disk between the broad impunctate grooves much longer than wide, feebly convex, uniformly rather finely, not closely punctate, each puncture bearing a short, coarse hair; lateral area divided by a deep, transverse sulcus at basal third, the posterior portion globosely convex, rufo- -piceous, glabrous, polished, with fringe of hairs along its outer margin; anterior portion slightly narrower than the pesterior, of the usual flattened or slightly concave form, sides nearly parallel behind the oblique, apical truncature, surface rather coarsely, closely punctate and pubescent, the hairs becoming denser, longer and recurved along the posterior margin. Elytra slightly wider than the prothorax, one-fifth wider than long, sides feebly arcuate and just visibly converging posteriorly; subhumeral stria two-thirds the length of the elytra, first dorsal nearly attaining the apex, second dorsal three-fourths, and third dorsal two-thirds the length of the elytra, all the stria externally finely cariniform, punctuaticn fairly close, nearly uniform throughout, ‘hairs short and plumose basally, becoming longer and simple apically where — they are intermixed with still longer, sparse, recurved hairs which _ occur also along the lateral margins. Propygidium and pygidium sparsely uniformly punctured and setcse, the pygidium becoming smooth at apex. Prosternum nearly flat at summit, striz sinuate between the coxa; arcuately convergent but not meeting at apical third, interstitial surface nearly smocth posteriorly, becoming closely punctate in front, densely so at apex; sides of prothorax beneath impunctate, numerously punctate in front of the coxa, meso-* and ‘metasternum smccth. Legs: mederately long, the femora and tibiw sparsely, finely punctate, the latter flattened and | expanded as in the allied species. Length (type) 2.25 mm.; width 1.5 mm.; the size practically constant in all examples seen. Taken at Pasadena, California, October to March, under stones with Formica pilicornis. This species is similar to tristriatus in a general way, but with elytral strize nearly as in morsus, judging from the description of the latter. It is virtually of the same size as tristriatus, pessibly slightly smaller, and evidently narrower. The cariniform margins of the first and third dorsal striae, which in fristriatus are densely squamcse_throughout their lengths are here not appreciakly more densely clethed except ‘near the base of the third stria. ~ —also occurs in New Mexico. It has been taken at ‘‘ Lower Pecos a Sse VP SD. lt FP eve Se! ee See THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 167 Heteerius strenuus, n. sp. Pigs name is proposed for a form similar in all general features to tristriatus but larger and more densely punctate throughout. In tristriatus the head, presternum posteriorly, legs and pygidium x are sparsely, finely punctate. In strenuwus these parts are all rather an densely, more strongly punctate. Length 3 mm>; width 2 mm, In ?ristriatus the length is 2.5 mm. _ The type bears label—Santa Cruz Mts., California, April 17, 1900. It occurs with a black Formica with dark, rufo-piceous legs. _ A second precisely similar specimen has been taken at Pasadena by Mr. J. O. Martin—March 31, 1916—in whose collection it now is. It, together with one or more examples of H. californicus were found under the same stone in nest of what I believe to be Formica pilicornis. H. loripes Csy. ‘The description recently published agrees so perfectly in all respects except the punctuation of the head with tristriatus, that it is difficult to believe it can be really distinct from the latter, more especially since it comes from the region inhabited by tristriatus. H. exiguus Mann. | have a specimen of this species collected by Dr. Fenyes, at Porvenir, New Mexico. As, Mann’s specimens were all taken at Pullman, Washington, I had supposed my New Mexico specimen to be something new until I made careful com- parison with a paratype of exiguus kindly given me by Mr. Mann. _ H. minimus Fall. ~ This little species—described from Colorado by Dr. Fenyes. ‘ SAPRINUS. Saprinus carinifer, n. sp. Broadly oval, black, legs dark rufous, upper surface minutely alutaceous and dull throughout. Head finely rugulose. Pro- thorax twice as wide as long, sides strongly convergent and nearly Straight to apical third; surface very sparsely, minutely, nearly evenly punctate, the sides longitudinally rugulose in about the lateral fourth, side margins fimbriate with very short hairs. Elytra across the humeri one-fifth wider than: the sutural length, punctu- ation baso-medially similar to that of the prothorax, the punctures becoming only slightly larger and closer toward the sides, but 168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST evidently though gradually so toward the apex, where they are separated by about their own diameters; dorsal striz obsolete, represented: by fine carine, the sutural attaining the apex but be- coming obsolete near the base; fourth dorsal reaching the apical third, joining the obsolete sutural at base; third to first dorsals in- creasing in length, the last named entire; oblique humeral obsolete, internal subhumeral extending from base to apex, cariniform throughout; external subhumeral short, impressed. Propygidium and pygidium more coarsely and closely, nearly uniformly punctured. Body beneath coarsely, closely punctate at sides, minutely and — sparsely so at middle. Prosternum very feebly convex at middle, the strie horizontal, diverging a little before and behind the coxe, broadly arcuately uniting behind the prosternal apex; interstrial area with a few minute punctures. Anterior tibia quadridentate. Length 3.5 mm.; width 2.8 mm. bade ee California. Described from a single example taken by Mr. G. H. Field in the mountains on the western border of the Colorado Desert. This is one of the finest and mcst distinct species in our fauna. The posterior tibiae are scarcely as wide as the middle ones, but are hardly narrowed apically. This fact, together with the nearly flat prosternum, indicates a position between Horn’s first and second groups; it may, however, with about equal propriety be included in Horn’s group IV. The rugulosity at the sides of the thorax is not due to the increase in size or longitudinal confluence of the punctures; the latter are scattered’ over and between the rugulosities and remain about as minute and sparse as at the middle ~ of the disk. Saprinus ciliatoides, n. sp. Closely related to, and very like ciliatus, but on comparison with type of the latter seems distinct by its larger size and generally sparser, more minute punctuation. In the type the elytra are as Horn describes them, ‘‘densely aciculate punctate at sides and apex,’ the punctures well separated only in the baso-sutural region and narrowly along the suture posteriorly. The punctures are in general elongate, a tendency that is evident even where they are sparsest. In the present species the punctures are everywhere nearly round, very sparse and fine on the disk, and even where closest, as at the sides and apex, they are rarely much closer together than 7 5 ae a Pe eee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST __ 169 their own diameters. The form, colour, stria, prosternum, etc., are viftually as in ciliatus. Length 3.2 mm.; width 2.5 mm. (Length of ciliaius 2.5 mm.) Nevada, Las Vegas. One specimen. I have seen another, apparently the same, placed with the type of ciliatus in the Le Conte collection; it was taken by Crotch near San Bernardino, California. Saprinus martini, n. sp. Moderately robust, brownish piceous with faint zneous lustre, integuments polished. Head densely punctate. Prothorax ciliate at sides, densely punctate in front and at sides, becoming rapidly but not abruptly smooth in the baso-medial region; the posterior margin punctate. Elytra moderately, strongly and closely punctate ythroughout, except between the sutural and fourth dorsal striz, the smooth area rather well defined but not sharply limited behind, the punctures extending further forward within the fourth stria than along the suture. First and second dorsal striz attaining the apical third, third and fourth dorsals sub-equal and shorter, sutural entire and joining the fourth dorsal; internal subhumeral oblique, continuous with the humeral, parallel with and as long as the first dorsal; external subhumeral short, distinct from the marginal. Propygidium and pygidium densely but not confluently punctate, the punctures becoming finer at the apex of the latter. Prosternum rather strongly convex but not compressed, the striae divergent and terminating in fovee, which are more remote than usual from the prosternal apex. Margin of front tibia about 6- denticulate, each denticle bearing a stout spinule. Length 2.4-3 mm.; width 1.8-2.2 mm. California. Described from two examples taken by Mr. J. O. Martin in Palm Canyon, on the western border of the Colorado Desert. This species is of the same form and general appearance as the common fimbriatus; this latter, however, having the pro- sternum compressed, belongs to a different group. Martini, by its prosternal character, belongs to Horn’s group VI, and by the ciliated margins of the prothorax is nearest ciliatus. In the latter the punctuation of the elytra is more aciculate, the second dorsal stria shorter than the third, and the prosternal fovee are less distant from the apex. Bactridium californicum, n. sp. Similar in general appearance to striolatum, to which it is 170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST most nearly allied by the characters used in Horn’s table.* Form a little less robust than in siriolatum; colour reddish brown, the elytra more rufous, with a small, diffuse, darker scutellar spot and the apical third, piceous; antennz and legs rufotestaceous; surface distinctly reticulato-alutaceous, feebly shining. Head and _ pro- thorax coarsely not closely punctate. Head alittle narrower than the prothorax, the latter quadrate with obtuse angles; sides straight, just perceptibly convergent posteriorly, margin feebly crenulato- denticulate, disk flattened medially. -Elytra a little wider than the prothorax, finely striate, the striz distinctly, rather closely punctate. Pygidium and last ventral segment very coarsely, closely punctate; segments 2—4 each with a single transverse series of coarse, elongate, closely placed punctures; coxal lines of first ventral distinct, nearly or quite attaining the posterior margin of the segment. In the male the last ventral segment is shorter than the three preceding united, the tip truncate. In the female the - last segment is fully as long as the preceding, oval at tip. Length 22.3 mm.; width .55-.65 mm. Southern California, Ojai Valley, March, under bark of dead ; ' sycamore. _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 177 this number no less than 13 species were captured on one oc- casion only. Ten of these are represented by single specimens the other three by two each. Of two others (vide infra) nymphs have been found but no adults. The ten species represented by single specimens include, be- sides the species of A‘shna already mentioned, Epieschna heros Fab., &, with a broken wing, found floating on the lake; Boyeria vinosa Say, 9, found ovipositing; Didymops transversa Say, @Q; Erythemis simplicicollis Selys, 2; Libellula luctuosa Drury, &; Sympetrum scoticum Donoy., young &; and Hagenius brevistylus - Selys., exuvia. A specimen apparently of the last-named species was also seen floating on the lake, from a sailboat. The three other species are:—Tetragoneuria canis Maclachlan, 2 o's taken within a few minutes of each other at Wilson’s Creek; Cenagrion resolutum Hag., a pair in copula from the same locality, and Zshna eremita Scudd., 2 os as already mentioned. Some of ‘these - species evidently breed here occasionally or permanently in small numbers, while others are doubtless strays from other localities. _ The two species as yet found only in the larval state are Chromagrion conditum and Cordulegaster sp., both of which were noticed for the first time in 1916. The nymphs of the former were taken from the upper part of Whitefish Creek on Sept. 10. I have never seen the adults in this vicinity but it is quite possible that I have overlooked it, if restricted to this spot. ~As to Cordulegaster, _ I have been searching for this elusive creature ever since my in- terest in dragonflies began, but I have never yet seen a living adult of any of the Eastern species that I can remember, though fragments of a specimen of C. obliquus found in a box of remnants, all apparently from De Grassi Pt., testify to my having once taken a specimen of this genus here. Of its capture, however, I have no recollection, and I had long given up hope of ever finding another Cordulegaster of any species in this locality. Imagine then my surprise and delight when on Sept. 11, 1916, while pulling up the masses of water-cress from a small brook (the upper part of Wilson’s Creek) I brought to light two full-grown nymphs of the coveted genus. I continued the search and succeeded in get- ting all I could carry home. Some of these are still alive, and I hope to obtain adults from them during the coming season. 178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. That such a large, conspicuous insect as 5 Condulepaater could have escaped my observation all these years, if it has been here continuously, seems at first sight improbable, and yet in this case I am inclined to believe, from the numbers of nymphs present in the creek, that the species is a regular resident. The adults of © Cordulegaster are short-lived and their season of flight is probably over soon after the usual time of my arrival at Lake Simcoe in — late June or early July, and my visits to their haunts, which have not been frequent, have probably all been too late. In conclusion we may summarize the following points, which are suggested by the foregoing observations.— 1. Certain species of dragonflies. are much more abundant in certain localities during warm seasons than during cold seasons. 2. This abundance is probably not due to the emergence of large numbers of individuals from their breeding-places, but to the greater activity of flight in warm weather, whereby the insects are dispersed to localities not visited in cooler seasons. 3. The Odonate fauna of a restricted locality contains a large percentage of transient resident ‘species and stragglers from other localities, such species varying greatly from year to year. Tee NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF HARROGS oe (CHALCID-FLIES). ; BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. Generic Characters of Habrocytus. The scutellum bears a more or less distinct cross-carina (or indicated as such) before apex (except in medicaginis and borrow). The spiracular sulcus is present, foveate (exceptions noted). The clypeus is finely striate. The genus differs from Pteromalus mainly in mandibular structure but the abdomen is less flat, longer (conical) and the neck of the propodeum not usually conspicuous, but. short and variable between the species. The propedeal ~ spiracles are long and elliptical (smaller in canadensis). The types of all the species have been seen. The following table is based on the females: May, 1917 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 179 _- — Feet Bods ce Pee she! ee, rr ‘ hy Ss lst! ee ae ae ; ; . Ty er i Pas XA Apes : : RS Ae ae ; + ry Ny Antenne inserted somewhat below the middle of the face. Parapsidal furrows not complete. Mandibles 3- and 4- dentate. — 1. Fore-wings with a large, smoky area under the whole of the marginal vein. Propodeum with a large neck, tri- carinate. Abdomen produced beneath, with a very short- petiole. Pedicel shorter than funicle 1, the latter twice longer than wide. Coxe and femora concolorous, the middle tibia infuscated, the caudal so at base. Scutellum without a cross-suture before apex (or an indicated one). MIS MUA CO 2c 4 scm Sages sa 0. eda ncea obi, borrowti, n. sp. 2. Fore wings hyaline. . Ovipesitor not extruded. Coxe above metallic, the legs lemon yellow, the antennz yellow-brown. Clypeus_ sinu- ate rather deeply at apex. Antenne inserted but a little above the ventral ends of the eyes. Spiracles at the base of a broad hollow, bounded by the lateral carina and a carina laterad of the spiracle, no sulcus. Propodeum tri- carinate. Pedicel and funicle 1 MNT Sse cihesd NAAT ati asideticseccwks oneratt (Fitch). Coxz concolorous, the femora brown or washed with metallic or metallic. Scape yellow. Clypeus distinctly concave or sinuate at distal margin. Propodeum tricarinate and with a very short neck (irregu- lar ruge between the carine). Funicle 1 somewhat over twice longer than wide, twice the length of the pedicel, 6 a half longer than wide. -Tibiz white. Marginal vein nearly twice the length of the stigmal. Femora usually washed. Funicle and club ‘ black........ .....thodobeini Ashmead = (langurie Ashmead), The same but the femora usually deep metallic, the tibiz golden yellow, the funicle joints somewhat shorter, the flagellum brown...phycidis Ashmead ( = piercet Crawford). The same as phycidis but the tibia brown, white at tip, no median carina on propodeum, the fovez of spiracular . MCLG THIN i ai ics ccc ce cerealelle (Ashmead) 180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST — a The same, but the femora and tibie reddish brown, the tips of the last two pairs of tibiae broadly white. Funicle joints as in phycidis. Propodeum with a distinct neck. _ Abdomen more like that of . . PROM OVUS Sih. en rhodobeini rose, new var. Clyfeus sharply incised at, meson so as to appear bidentate there. Femora metallic. Flagellum black. Propodeum without a neck, scaly, impunctate, tricarinate. Scutellum without a faint cross-carina. Stigmal vein subequal to — the marginal. . Funicle 1 a little longer than pedicel, somewhat longer than wide, 6 a little wider than long. Small a SPORES 22 cinc nein ee ae medicaginis Gahan. Clypeus truncate or subtruncate. Femora barely metallic. | Tips of tibia white, the femora and tibia brown yellow; : strie of clypeus faint; antennz yellow, funicle 1 barely longer than the pedicel, longer than wide, 6 wider than long; ‘stigmal vein somewhat shorter than marginal. Otherwise as in rhodobeini, but small......... aulacis,n. sp. The same, but a half larger, the tibia and tarsi lemon- Ms ~ yellow, the flagellum black, the club yellowish, the spira- _ cular sulcus absent, the median carina irregular. .. Clypeal strize, distinet.:.2..i.:/sgascusieane arkansensis n. sp. Coxe and femora concolorous, scape concolorous. Clypeus rather deeply concaved or sinuate. Propodeum — tricarinate, the neck short. Pedicel and funicle 1 sub- equal. Caudal tibia reddish brown, pale yellow at tip. — Spiracular sulcus short, complete, bifoveate. Spiracle — CULVER 0. isaniscesenaces vasende rede vaiedseradasbsvacp gl 1190 SSQRINEmE EC Ovipositor extruded for a fourth or more the length of the ‘a abdomen. . Clypeus sinuate at distal margin, striate. te Coxe and femora concolorous, the scape yellowish brown. Ovipositor extruded for a fourth the length of the abdo- — men. ox ie ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 181 Propodeum with a distinct neck, tricarinate. Funicle 1 ' twice longer than wide, much longer than the pedicel. Risual otherwise....50.00...0...0..aen0 AR Snieitveet dux n. sp. Coxe alone concolorous, the legs white. Scape concolor- . ous except at base. Ovipositor three-fourths the length of the abdomen. The same as dux but slender (as in Belonura singularis Ashm.), no spiracular sulci, the spiracle oval, small, the ‘lateral carina absent, no neck. Head subquadrate. . Funicle 1 thrice longer than wide............... canadensis n. sp. rocytus rhodobeini rose Girault. _ Two pairs,. Brooklyn, N. Y., February 9, 1913, from rose . S. Berquist). The Habrocytus rose Ashmead, in Annals Ent. of America, VIII, 1915, p. 278. 3, Types.—Catalogue No. 20414, U.S. National Museum, one - ‘two females on two tags. ocytus medicaginis Gahan. Bex Several females reared in Gaiheceion with Bruchophagus nebris from red clover seeds, St. Paul, Minnesota (W. William- oo _ Types.—Catalogue No. 20418, U. S. National Museum, two females on tags, a head and a caudal leg on a slide. Habrocytus gquinquecarinatus Girault. , This species has no spiracular sulcus. It differs from the other species in being varicoloured. : Habrocsts franciscanus Girault. ‘Three females, San Francisco County, California, July. Types.—Catalogue No. 20416, U. S. National Museum, the females on tags, a head, the caudal legs and a fore wing on a slide. 182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Habrocytus borrowi Girault. One female in the U. S. National Museum from Colorado. Dedicated to George Borrow. Type.—Catalogue No. 20417, U. S. National Museum, the - specimen on a tag, the head, caudal legs and a fore wing on a slide. Habrocytus arkansensis Girault. Males, females reared in connection with Jsosoma, Garfield, Arkansas (T. S. Wilson). The males have the antennz entirely yellow, the legs (except the cox), golden yellow. Types.—Catalogue No. 20419, U. S. National Museum, three females on tags, a head and caudal legs on a slide. Habrocytus dux Girault. One female, Canobie Lake, New Hampshire. Type.—Catalogue No. 20441, U. S. National Museum, the ; female on a tag, the head and a caudal leg on a slide. Habrocytus canadensis Girault. Toronto, Canada (Wm. Brodie). Type.—Catalogue No. 21071, U. S. National Museum, a tag and._a slide. Habrocytus cerealelle (Ashmead). Parasite of Sitotroga cerealella, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Types.—Catalogue No. 6115, U. S. National Museum, tags — and a slide. : Catolaccus anthonomi Ashmead has 3- and 4-dentate mandibles _ but I am not sure how many ring-joints, apparently three (but female type has lost antennz). The species obscuripes has an obscure cross-carina on the — scutellum near apex, despite what I have said in the Annals of the — a Entomological Society of America, IX, 1916, p. Bes It does not — belong here (tridentate mandibles). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 183 THREE NEW SPECIES OF JASSOIDEA FROM MISSOURI. _ BY EDMUND H. GIBSON, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. oe With the addition of the following new species the total number of Jassoidea reported as occurring in Missouri* is brought to 155. Tinobregmus moodii n.sp. Near pallidus Osb. but slightly ¥ _ larger, with loree exceeding the middle of the clypeus and elytra 2 not extending to pygofer. 4 Vertex narrow, broadening anteriorly; front narrow, eee “a -clypeus elongate, at its widest point equaling width of front, only a -slightly emarginate at apex; beak extending to hind coxe; cheeks long, flaring; lore narrow, elongate, exceeding the wavitlc of the _ clypeus. Pronotum short, length less than half that of width, __ posterior border slightly sinuate. Elytra ovate, not extending to _ the pygofer; veins rather indistinct. Length of female 644 mm. >: to tip of ovipositor; male 434 mm. long. . Colour, pale tawny yellow, vertex and pronotum of female unmarked, tip of vertex of male irregularly marked with fuscous; vr % front and clypeus marked with a broad, longitudinal vitta on each _ side which coalesce just before apex of clypeus. Pronotum bor- _ dered laterally with fuscous; elytra subhyaline to opaque with a heavy, black border at the apex. Dorsal side of abdomen irregu- 4 wel marked; pectoral pieces black; venter fuscous with whitish _ border; ovipositor black. Genitalia, last ventral segment of female distinctly sinuous, ovipositor extending beyond the pygofer; male plates long and narrow with acute apex. ee Described from one female and one male which are deposited in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Specimens were taken in a sweeping from weeds growing on a high ridge of the _ Ozark Mt. range, near Branson, Mo., August 22, 1916, by Mr. F. M. Moody in whose honor the species is named. aes Sia of Jassoidea occurring in Missouri have been recorded as ollows: Gibson, E. H. and Cogan E. S: A preliminary list of Jassoidea of Missouri with notes on species. Ohio Jr. Sci., Vol. 16, No. 2, December, 1915: ~~ Horsfall, J. H. Additions to the list of Missouri Jassoidea. Ohio Jr. Sci., — Vol. 16, No. 8, June, 1916. Gibson, E. H. Additions to the list of ied Jassoidea. Canadian Entomologist, Vol. 49, No. 2, February, 1917. May, 1917 184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Euscelis ozarcensis n. sp. Resembles arctostaphyli Ball but can be distinguished by greater length of last abdominal segment of female, the lateral angles of which are more produced, also by _ i having a much more simple colour pattern on vertex. Vertex obtusely angulate, apex produced, length two-thirds that of width and about two-thirds length of pronotum. Front broad and only slightly convex. Clypeus parallel-margined, hardly twice as long as broad. Elytra short and broad, apical cells small, central anteapical cell only slightly constricted on inner side. Length 3 mm. : _ Colour, decided brown, with anterior margin of vertex and costal margin of elytra bright yellow. A transverse dark brown or black band between.anterior portion of eyes. Posterior margin of vertex bordered with cream. Pronotum and elytra of same intensity of colour. Scutellum light brown. Elytra nervures prominent, very light brown to cream. Face marked with dark cross-bars. Cheeks irregularly marked. Below dark; tibia pale, pygofers blotched. Genitalia, last ventral segment of female twice longer ‘thats penultimate, lateral angles produced; two slight notches, one on either side of ovipositor. Male plates triangular and twice the length of valve. Described from two females and two males collected by the author in the Ozark Mts. near Branson, Mo., August 21, 1916, and now deposited in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Typhlocyba modesta, n.sp. Near rose Linn., but differing in female posterior segment being distinctly notched, and in larger size. Face considerably longer than broad, clypeus less than one- fourth the entire length of face, superior angle of face obtuse. Length of pronotum hardly twice that of vertex. Scutellum large. Last ventral segment of female produced and rather deeply notched. Colour, light yellow to cream, vertex slightly tinged with deeper yellow. Thorax, scutellum and abdomen concolorous. Elytra hyaline with apex tinged with yellow. Eyes brown; tip of ovi- positor and tarsal claws dark brown to black. Length 334 mm. Described from two females and one male collected by the™ author at Charleston, Mo., during May and June, 1916, and which are now deposited in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. Mailed May Ist, 1917. | CAN. ENT., VOL. XLIX. PLATE X. WORK OF APPLE LEAF MITES (P. 189). ed ‘4 | th Ganactiay Futomologist. VoL. XLIX. LONDON, JUNE, 1917 No. 6 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. Two APPLE LEAF MITES OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE. BY W. H. BRITTAIN, PROVINCIAL ENTOMOLOGIST FOR NOVA SCOTIA. THE ‘‘SILVER-LEAF”’ oR ‘“ Rusty-LEAF”’ MITE. (Phyllocoptes schlectendali NALEPA.) During the summers of 1912 and 1913, which the writer spent in British Columbia, he had an excellent opportunity for observ- ing the work of the mite Phyllocoptes schlectendali Nalepa, this species being extraordinarily abundant in the Okanagan Valley and other parts of the Dry Belt. It is most commonly found attacking the leaves of the apple, and though it cannot often be considered a serious enemy of the foliage, the result of its work is conspicuous and peculiar. The presence of the mite makes itself apparent by a decided silvery appearance of the leaves, which, in severe cases, is very pronounced and can be detected from a considerable distance. This appearance is due to the formation of an air space between the epiderm and the palisade cells due to the punctures of the mites. A tree so affected bears a striking resemblance to one attacked by the disease Silver-Leaf, said to be caused by a fungus (Stereum purpureum Pers.) This is not the only case in which a silvery appearance is brought about by the work of mites. On plums, bad infestations of Red Spider (Tetranychus bimaculatus) produce a somewhat similar appearance, though not so characteristic, and mites feed- ing upon elm leaves have been observed to produce similar symp- toms. It was first thought that all such trees were suffering from Silver-Leaf, which is not surprising, since both these troubles are very abundant in British Columbia and are often present on the same tree. It was only, however, when trees that had been sprayed with nicotine sulphate did not develop the disease that this diag- 186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST nosis was thrown in doubt and the true cause discovered. Though this type of injury is very common in British Columbia and ap- pears to have been noticed quite widely in the United States-and Canada, the amount of actual harm which the mites accomplish in this way is questionable, and is probably of little importance in most cases. Parrott (1 and 2) who appears to have been the first to have recorded this species in America, says that this species is very common on apple foliage in the United States, that it is more common in the United States than on the continent, and that it seems to have possibilities of developing to greater economic importance. P. J. O’Gara (3) who records this mite from Southern Oregon, noticed its work on the apple foliage, which, however, he did not regard as serious. He states that the mite is chiefly important as a pest of pears, the foliage, terminals of twigs and even the fruit being injuriously affected. He describes the injured foliage as presenting a peculiar russet appearance on the under- side, and as being somewhat curled, as though with drought. The terminal shoots and the fruit is also attacked, being russetted and cracked as a result of the punctures of the mites With serious attacks, the whole tree is said to have a brownish appearance, giving the trouble the name “‘ Rusty Leaf,’’ by which it is known in the Rogue River Valley, Oregon. We have never noticed such severe attacks to the pear in British Columbia, but it would not be surprising to find that such existed, so prevalent is the mite throughout the fruit-growing sections. It would appear from the foregoing that, though this pest is known to be prevalent through- out the United States and Canada, it has never been regarded as a serious enemy of apple foliage, and only locally as a serious pest of pears. Through the summer of 1912 numerous specimens of apple — twigs were sent to the office of the Provincial Entomologist at Vernon, disfigured in-a curious way by brownish incrustations on the bark of one and two-year-old wood. These injured areas were generally more or less circular in form, though sometimes of an irregular shape. A crack usually separated the healthy from the diseased wood, and the epidermis was frequently ruptured. This injury appeared to be most pronounced on wood of the Northern Spy, though other varieties suffered to some extent. A careful THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 187 _ examination of the incrustations revealed nothing of a parasitic nature. The next year similar injured twigs were submitted for ex- amination in even greater quantity. In particular, a number of nursery firms complained of heavy loss to their Northern Spy stock from being rendered so unsightly as to be quite unmarket- able. One firm, situated in the Okanagan, was compelled to de- _ stroy a large quantity of Northern Spy stock, as a result of this trouble. It appeared, on further examination of affected twigs, that the year following the appearance of the trouble, the injured areas frequently dropped out, thus rendering the injured tree more unsightly than before. Further examination of the incrusta- tions still revealed nothing, but so serious had the situation be- come, that it was decided to follow the matter up carefully, in order to determine definitely the cause of the trouble. The writer left British Columbia in the fall of that year and was unable to prosecute this matter further. However, Mr. J. S. Dash (5), then working under the direction of the Inspector of Fruit Pests, examined a number of injured twigs during the month of October. He found them to contain hundreds of hiber- nating mites, whose identity could not be ascertained with cer- tainty at the time, since they were immature. At the request of the writer, a number of affected nursery trees were sent to Truro, kept over winter and planted out the following spring. In July the silvery appearance, characteristic of the work of Phyllocoptes schlectendali, became apparent on the leaves, which, on examina- tion, were found to be covered with mites belonging to this species. It would appear from our observations that the mites, which feed on the foliage during the summer months, make their way to the twigs in the autumn where they enter an old egg blister of the Rose Leaf-hopper (Empoa rose), a common apple pest through- out the province, or of the Apple Leaf-hopper (Empoasca mali) or through a lenticel, and there they develop their hibernating incrustations, which render the affected trees so unsightly. As an enemy of nursery trees and particularly of Northern Spys, this mite is, therefore, of considerable importance, since stock so disfigured is unmarketable.. The actual harm done to such 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST . stock is slight and, as a pest of older trees, it cannot be considered ~ as being of a very serious nature. Tue APPLE Lear MITE (Eriophyes malifolie). Regarding this-mite Parrott (2) says: ‘‘This is a vagabond species and is found in association with Eriophyes pyri and Phyllo- coptes schlectendali, upon the under surface of apple leaves.” From this it is apparent that he regards this mite as of secondary and minor importance and not able, by itself, to inflict much in- jury. While we have never seen any particularly destructive outbreaks, it is possible that this mite may prove to be of greater - economic importance than is commonly supposed, at least under conditions that exist in the Okanagan. In view of the resemblance between the injuries produced by the former species discussed and a fungous disease, it is an in- teresting fact, that this mite causes symptoms strikingly like an- other fungous trouble, viz., Apple Scab (Venturia pomi). The — mites work on the underside of the leaves, concealed by the pubes- cence, and the first indication of their work is in the form of more ~ or less olive-green, circular spots on the upper surface, which gradually darken until they become dark brown in‘colour. These — spots become slightly raised above the-surface of the leaf, form- ing a saucer-shaped hollow on the underside. These symptoms are so suggestive of apple scab, that it is not surprising that they have been mistaken for this trouble even by those familiar with — the disease. Not. only were the leaves affected but the tender — shoots were also attacked, causing them to wither and become — brown and dead. This appearance is suggestive of the damage — done to pears by Phyllocopies schleciendali, as described by O'Gara, — but was noticed where only Eriophyes malifolie was present. — This type of injury was very prevalent during the summer of — 1913. § Unfortunately we were prevented from making observations. regarding the hibernating habits of this species, but we feel certain — that a careful study of its life history and habits would reward — research. It is altogether possible that these two species discussed — in this article are responsible for much more damage than is com- ae + AS THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 189 * ~ monly attributed to them. In particular it seems well within the _ range of possibility that they may be responsible for many of the blotched apples and the disfiguration of other species of orchard — _ fruits that is so common throughout the fruit districts, since both species have been found feeding in large numbers on fruit so _ affected. Which of the species discussed here, if either, is re- sponsible for such injury, can only be determined by experiment. The problem of control should be a comparatively simple one, mo since both species are readily destroyed by the summer sprays of _ lime-sulphur, or by weak solutions of nicotine sulphate. REFERENCES. = ‘1. Parrott, P. J. Phyllocoptes schlectendali Nalepa. Science, U.S. 23 : 73 (1906). 2. Parrott, P. J. The Apple and Pear Mites. N. Y. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bul. 283 : 7-32 (1906). 3. O'Gara, P. J. Economic Importance of the Mite Phyllocoptes schlectendali Nalepa. Science, N. S., 36 : 835-836 (1912). 4. Brittain, W. H. The “Rusty Leaf” Mite and the ‘Apple Scab” Mite. Proc. Ent. Soc. B. C., No. 4, N. S., :18 (1914.) > ~5. Dash, J. S. Mites. Proc. Ent. Soc. B.C., No. 4, N. S.; 337 (1914). EXPLANATION OF PLATE X. ~ Fig. }. Injury to apple twig by hibernating incrustations of Phyllocoptes schlectendali. Fig. II. Appearance of injury the next season. Fig. III. A,Leaf infested with Phyllocoptes; B, Uninjured leaf. Fig. IV. Leaves injured by Eriophyes malifoliz (Parrott). 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST THE OCCURRENCE OF EUMERUS STRIGATUS FLN. IN CANADA. BY ARTHUR GIBSON, ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. In the Entomological Record for 1915! a record of this species is included, namely: ‘‘Victoria, B. C., reared from narcissus bulbs, April 7—9, 1910, (E. A> Wallace). In the Record for 19162, the occurrence of the species at Ottawa, Ont. (August, 19, 1904, Fletcher) is mentioned. Recently we received a specimen of Eumerus strigatus from Montreal, Que., which was collected in a greenhouse, on Feb. 5, 1917, by Mr. J. I. Beaulne. In October, 1910, Dr. Hewitt, found the larve abundant in the greenhouse of Mr. E. A. Wallace, Victoria, B. C. This European insect which has been recorded as a pest of onions, shallot, roots of Iris and bulbs of narcissus, hyacinth and Amaryllis, has been referred to in economic literature as the Bulb Moon-fly, the Lunate Onion Fly and the Small Narcissus Bulb Fly. Felt® first recorded the species from America from specimens reared in New York State from the roots of Iris, and referred to the fact that Dr. F. H. Chittenden had informed him that the fly was reared in the Bureau of Entomology at Wash- ington, in 1906. The taking of a specimen at Ottawa in 1904, however, by the late Dr. Fletcher, is evidently the first record of the occurrence of the species in America. Emerus strigatus is now widely distributed in North America, having been found in the United States in the States of Califor- nia, Texas, Connecticut and New York, and in Canada in the provinces of Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Theobald* has found as many as 17 larve of the species in one bulb and states that ‘‘there is no doubt that these small nar- cissus and other bulb flies are the cause of much loss, but are not, it seems, so widely spread as Merodon; still the number one finds ‘46th Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. *47th Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario. — - *New York State Museum, 27th Report of the State ee 1911. *Report on Economic Zoology for year ending Sept. 30, 1911. June, 1917. eee eS ee ee ee a ; i ee ee ne gE Se at el ee ae a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 191 in samples of bulbs purchased shows that it has to be dealt with just as much as the larger maggot.” MacDougall®> describes the larva of Eumerus strigatus as measuring “half an inch and over when full grown. It is greyish - yellow in colour and has a distinctly wrinkled appearance. The mouth hooks are brown and the respiratory processes at the front end are brownish-red. “The rounded hind end is brown at the tip and has a projection on each side with a process which ends in the breathing pores between the projections.” TWO NEW SAWFLIES (HYMEN.). BY E. P. FELT, ALBANY, N. Y. The peculiar Xylids with the remarkably developed third antennal segment, are comparatively rare and unusually interest- ing. It, therefore, seems desirable to publish the description of a recently discovered species in this group, and also one of a related Pamphilid. Pleroneura borealis, n. sp. The sawflies described herein - were collected at Lake Clear, N. Y., June 7, 1907, and in the key given by Rohwer, would run to P. fulvicornis Roh., a larger Cali-, fornian species exhibiting some differences in colour from this species. Male.—Length 4 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus broadly rounded; narrow, deep furrows extend from the base of the antennz and unite above the median ocellus, median fovee, forked ventrally, exténding to the base of the ocellus; terminal anterior segment shorter than the preceding. Head and thorax opaque with close, fine punctures; maxillary palpe large, probably 7- jointed, the second segment distinctly shorter than the anterior femora, the first joint about one-half as long as the second. Claws with a minute tooth basally. Hypopygium roundly truncate, first recurrent vein free from the first transverse cubital. Head black. Thorax brownish black. Abdomen reddish brown. The antenne, clypeus, labrum, tegula, the dorsum of the abdomen *Journal of the Board of Agriculture, London, October, 1913. June, 1917. 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST apically, the distal half of the venter of the abdomen and femora rufous; tibize and tarsi mostly yellowish; tibiz and the distal tarsal segments apically reddish brown. Female.—Length 5.5 mm., to tip of ovipositor 7 mm. Similar i to the male and black, except as follows: Antenne dark brown, the third segment almost blackish; clypeus, labrum, mandibles, tegule, the apex of the abdomen dorsally, the posterior margins of the basal segments and the distal third of the abdomen ventrally (except the black ovipositor), femora and tibiz yellowish or ferru- ginous; the tarsi reddish brown, the posterior darker. ~ Described from two males and one female. Acantholyda ferruginea, n. sp. The sawfly described below differs so greatly from any accessible descriptions, that we have been unable to refer it to known species. It was taken on the summit of Mount Marcy in the Adirondacks, July 31, 1913. Male.—Length 7 mm. Head brownish black, coarsely and irregularly punctured and with anterior and posterior yellowish, — ovate, orbital spots; mandibles fulvous. Antennal segments 21, _ the first black, with irregular, narrow, yellow annulations basally _ and apically, the second yellowish brown or dark brown, yellowish apically; third segment shorter than the fourth and fifth com- ‘ bined, the others successively shorter; the third to ninth yellowish brown, the distal segments mostly dark reddish brown. Thorax and abdomen brownish black, the segments of the latter narrow- s ly margined with yellow, the markings on the three posterior seg- _ ments angulate. Wings suffused with ferruginous, only two sub-— E: marginal cells, the second cross-vein wanting; venter, coxe and — femora brownish black the tibize and tarsi dark fulvous. ~ 4 ERRATUM—PLateE IX. i... We regret that the lettering for Plate 1X, in our May issue 2 J illustrating Messrs. Brittain and Saunders’ article, “Notes on the — Black Apple Leaf-hopper,’”’ was omitted. The figures are arranged — from top to bottom of page: Figs. 1-4 on left, Figs. 5-7 on rig The magnifications are as follows; Fig. 1 (x 43), Figs. 2-4 (x 2 Fig. 5 (x 23), Fig. 6 (x 19), Fig. 7 (x 17.5). E THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST , 193 TWO NEW APHID GENERA AND SOME NEW SPECIES. ‘ BY C, P. GILLETTE, FORT COLLINS, COL. In Canadian Entomologist, vol. XL, 1908, p. 67; and in Ento- | mological News, vol. XX, 1909, p. 119, the writer described and figured a peculiar aphid from Carex under the specific name of _ ballii and placed it in the genus Brachycolus, with a remark to the - effect that it did not seem to belong to any known genus. The appearance of Mr. A. C. Baker’s paper, ‘Synopsis of the Genus Saltusaphis,’ in the January (1917) number of the Canadian Entomologist, leads me to publish the characterization of a new genus—T hripsaphis—with ballit Gill. as the type, as this aphid seems to me generically distinct from Saltusaphis Theobald. In giving his characterization of this genus, Theobald says: *“*Head very large. . . Cornicles small, cup-shaped. *Cauda in both forms bifid. . . Body hairs fan-shaped or sickle-shaped,’’ and attention is specially called to the single cross-vein in the hind wing and the jumping habit of the type species, scirpus. None of these characters apply to ballii except the venation of the hind wing, and that does not hold for other very closely allied species. Thripsaphis, n. gen. General form very long and slender; eyes without ocular tubercles; antennez 6-jointed; anterior wings normal in venation, but the first cross-vein in the hind wing weak, or absent in some cases, and easily overlooked when present, if mounted in balsam; cornicles. represented by pores only; cauda strongly knobbed; precaudal tergite entire ; anal plate strongly bi-lobed; gonapo- physes .2; body hairs few and not blunt ended or in form of flabelle; vertex prominent, and the oviparous females, so far as known, have wax glands on the lateral ventral surfaces of the abdomen, just caudad of the cornicle pores, from which are secreted wax *African Aphididae—Part II, in Bulletin of Entomological Research, Vol. VI, pt. II, p. 138, 1915. tI have examples of Saltusaphis scirpus from Theobald. It is evident that he mistook the extended and ‘strongly bi-lobed precaudal tergite for a bi-lobed ecauda. The cauda has a large and typical knob with a narrowly constricted neck which was mistaken by Theobald for the anal plate. The anal plate is. bi-lobed also, as in the Colorado species, flabellus Gill. June, 1917. 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST threads that are used by them with which to cover their eggs. Males, so far as known, apterous and very small. When the alate form of ballii was described, the writer had but a single example in balsam, which did not show the first cross- vein of the hind wing and it was so described and figured, and is probably one of the reasons why Mr. Baker includes this species in Saltusaphis. Many alate examples of closely allied species have since heen taken which plainly show the first cross-vein, even after being put in balsam, so I do not think the presence or absence of this vein should be given generic importance in the group to which ballii belongs. While Callipterus flabellus Sanb. does not have the bifid pre- caudal tergite that is so. strong a character in the type of the genus Saltusaphis, | believe Mr. Baker is right in placing it with that genus, for it qualifies in all other important respects and does have a large eighth tergite bearing tuberculate hairs as in scirpus Theo- bald. Thripsaphis ballii Gill. This species is separated rather easily separated from, at least, three other Colorado forms that are congeneric with it, by the short antenna, which, in the alate form, has about 7 small circular sensoria on the third joint, and in the apterous form none, the absence of the first transverse vein in the hind wing of the alate louse, the moderately produced vertex, the short and broadly rounded eighth tergite and the stout femora of the © apterous viviparous form. See Plate XI, figures 5, 6, 7. Thripsaphis verrucosa, n. sp. In the original description of ballii the writer mistook for it the egg-layer of what now proves to be a distinct but closely — allied form. See Canadian Entomologist, vol..XL, p. 67 (apterous — viviparous female), and plate III, figures 12 and 14. This form — must be segregated from ballii, and for it I suggest the specific — name verrucosa, because of the prominent projection on the vertex. See also Plate XI, figure 4, accompanying this paper. The other — forms for the year have not been thoroughly worked out, so are — held for later descriptions. B CAN. ENT., VOL. XLIX. at ; PLATE XI. VIVIP. xX 120 RIOD = Miz: aptQ X66 verrucosa ASPIDAPHIS / P oni Ms, 11 om 4 apt: x120 ‘ 16 alate x1i20 p a 109000 1 t 05 ooo Bog NEW APHIDID& (P. 198), 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Thripsaphis producta, n. sp. . Our collections indicate this as the most abundant species in Colorado occurring upon Carex. With the generic characters given above, only a brief characterization of this species seems necessary. Alate Viviparous Female.—General colour blackish, legs and antenne black; length 2.00; wing 2.50 x .70; hind tibia, .60; an- - tenna, 1.15; segments of antenna in following proportions: III, 15; 1V, 9; V, 8; VI, 7; spur, 4; sensoria on joint III, 9 to 11, rather large and slightly transverse; venation of fore wing normal and veins rather heavy; hind wing with first cross-vein weak or lack- ing, usually quite plainly seen before clearing in balsam. See figures 1, 2, 3. _ Apterous. Viviparous Female——Colour (in balsam) dark yellowish brown, darkest on lateral margins and back of cornicles; legs black; antenne black to near base; vertex convex, being rather __ strongly produced at the middle; length of body 2.10; width ; .70 ; antenna .95; third segment with 2-3 small circular sensoria near distal end; segments III, .30; IV, .18; V, .15; VI, 18; spur — .08.; hind tibia .48; beak very short, but little surpassing the first pair of coxe; femora not specially thickened for jumping; hairs — ; few, short, and simple; anal plate bi-lobed; 8th tergite produced and rather sharply rounded posteriorly. Figures 2, 3. Aspidaphis, n. gen. Wing venation normal; antennz 5-jointed, less than one-half _ as long as the body; antenna and body very free from hairs, no lateral tubercules on prothorax or abdomen; cornicles weak, re- cumbent, shorter than hind tarsus, without flange, somewhat clavate, and with opening lateral, on the inner side, near the distal end; eighth tergite of abdomen developed into a very large tri- angular shield, which, in the type species, extends well beyond the — end of the cauda. Eyes not tuberculate. ‘s The three specially diagnostic characters are: Antenna, 5- jointed; cornicles without flange and with side opening, and the ~ large precaudal shield. See figures 10 to 23. ‘ Aspidaphis polygoni, n. sp. a This aphid, combining some rather unusual structures, was — * 5 .% “i - = . “~ - . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 197 first taken by Mr. L. C. Bragg upon knot-grass or door-weed, Apparently, the different species of Polygonum are the sole : - food’ plants of this species. It imitates the colour of-the under- _ side of the leaves and the stems of the plants upon which it feeds so perfectly that it is seen with some difficulty, and it is sporadic in its habits. The lice also have the habit of working beneath the bracts at the bases of the leaves where they are out of sight. The different stages may be described as follows: _ Apterous Viviparous Female.—Colour green, with tips of the antenne, the tarsi, distal ends of tibiz, and extreme tip of cornicles, dusky to blackish; form of body long and tapering posteriorly to the point of the pre-caudal shield; body, legs and antenne very - free from hairs; antenne upon slight tubercles, 5-jointed; joints 4 and 5 and spur sub-equal; joint 3 as long as 4 and 5 together, total length about .40; legs short and stout; cornicles a little more than one-half as long as the hind tarsi, placed at extreme lateral margins of abdomen, weak, recumbent upon the abdomen, clavate, rounded and without flange at the distal end, the opening being on the inner side near the end; cauda long, slender and entirely hidden from above by a triangular shield-like projection of the _ pre-caudal tergite which extends beyond the end of the cauda; lateral margins of prothorax and abdomen without spines. See t _ plate XI, figures 10 to 14. Sel wee ee -- wena S+ Winged Viviparous Female.—General colour, pale yellowish “or greenish yellow, eyes blackish, head, mesothorax above and below, metathorax above, antenne and tarsi dusky brown; wing veins heavy and dusky brown to blackish; length 1.40; antenna 40 to .50; wing 1.80; head rather broad and flat, the antenna being widely separated and not upon distinct tubercles, 5-jointed; medium ocellus prominent on the vertex; joints of the antenna: III, .18; IV, .08, V, .07; spur, .08. Joint 3 has about 6 to 8 sen- soria; joint IV, 1 near the distal end; joint VI, 1 large and 4 or 5 small ones; antennal segments free from hairs; prothorax rather large and without lateral tubercles; cornicles, concolorous with the abdomen, situated on extreme margins, weak and lying against 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the side of the abdomen and about one-half as fons as the hind tarsus; terminal segment of the abdomen, above, in the form of a long, triangular plate with an acute upturned apex, beneath which is the cauda, which is rather narrow and directed down- ward; beak not attaining the second pair of coxe. See figures 15 to 20. ; Oviparous Female.—The oviparous female differs from the viviparous form in being more robust, a little shorter and brownish or slightly rusty in colour. The antennal joints and other charac- ters are substantially as in the viviparous form. The hind tibize are moderately swollen and have 20 or more circular sensoria on _ their middle one-half. Figures 21-23. The eggs are bright green in colour when deposited upon the stems of the host plant, but soon turn shining black on exposure. See figure 24. While we have never found this louse abundant, we have seldom had trouble to find examples when looked for at any time during the growing season. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XI. Thripsaphis producta. 1, antenna of alate viviparous female; 2, vertex and first three joints of antenna of same; 3, eighth tergite of abdomen with cauda and anal plate beneath showing gonapo- physes (a). T. verrucosa. 4, vertex showing tubercle. T. ballii. 5, antenna of alate female; 6, vertes and antenna of apterous female; 7, terminal segments of oviparous female showing gonapophyses (a), and wax threads (b). . Saltusaphis scirpus. 8, showing terminal segments of abdo- men of apterous female—(a) large bi-lobed 8th tergite, (b) bi-— lobed anal plate, (c) knobbed cauda. S. flabella. 9, eighth tergite, bi-lobed anal plate (dotted), and cauda of apterous viviparous female. : Aspidaphis polyyoni. 10, apterous viviparous female (stem mother?); 11, vertex and antenna of same; 12, cornicle of same; 13, cauda of same; 14, lateral view of 8th and 9th segments, (a) — 8th tergite, (b) cauda, (c) anal plate, (d) genital plate of No. 10;< é 15, alate viviparous female; 16, antenna of same; 17, vertex of oe Se re THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 ; “same; 18, cauda of same; 19, cornicle of same; 20, lateral view of 8th and 9th segments of same; 21, oviparous female; 22, antenna; = 23, hind tibia and, 24, egg of No. 21. The enlargement is indi- ated with each figure. Originai, Miriam A. Palmer, Illustrator. "NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDZ, DIPTERA) Pe PART III. Bg BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N. Y. q _ This paper is a continuation of the preceding articles under the same title (Can. Ent., vol. 48, p. 42-53, 1916; vol. 49, p. 22-31, _ 1917). The species here considered include a small number of _ subapterous forms, these belonging to the genera Chionea, Lim- _ nophila, and Tricyphona. a I am indebted to Mr. W. L. McAtee, Mr. R. C. Shannon, _Mr.-C. W .Johnson and other gentlemen mentioned in the paper. lam especially indebted to Mr. L. O. Jackson for specimens herein described. Unless stated otherwise, the types are in the collec- tion of the author. Subfamily Limnobiine. Tribe Limnobiini. 3 Genus Limnobia Meigen. . Limnobia indigena jacksoni, subsp. n. Male.—Length 7.4 mm.; wing 8.8 mm. ‘ Female.—Length 7.1 mm.; wing 7.6-8 mm. Similar to typical indigena O. S. (Northeastern America), differing as follows: The medial prescutal stripes are continuous and well-defined behind, the interspaces obscure, not bright yellow; pleura largely _ dark brown, this including also the outer faces of the cox. Wings 5 lar, the ground-colour more grayish, the brown clouds less _ distinct and more extensive, pale grayish brown; these markings _ include a broad, continuous seam along and slightly before the cord and the apex of the wing; basal deflection of vein Ci close . to the fork of M. Abdominal tergites with the cross-bands poorly ¥ defined, the sternites suffused with brownish. June, 1917. ’ Ae BE ae ee 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Holotype, #, Geneva Park, Grant, oe altitude 10, 000 feet, July 16, 1916 (L. O. Jackson). Allotopotype, 2, July 21, 1916. : Paratopotype, 2, altitude 9,500 feet, July 22, 1916. This fly will probably be found to be a valid species. It — differs from indigena in the dusky brown body coloration, the gray ~ wings with a more extensive brown seam, the position of the basal — deflection of Cu, etc. _ Tribe Eriopterini. Genus Erioptera Meigen. Erioptera (Empeda) cinereipleura, sp. n. Male.—Length 4 mm.; wing 4.5 mm. = Similar to E. stigmatica O. S. (Northeastern America) but the — body-coloration clearer gray throughout. Antenne darker, brown, — the male with very long verticils. Mesonotal prescutum gray, the pseudosutural fovezee and the tuberculate pits large and conspicuous, black, the latter closely — approximated, separated by a distance less than the diameter of one. Pleura clear light gray, not reddish gray as in stigmatica. Legs with the femora yellowish basally, soon passing into brown. Wings grayish subhyaline, the stigma clear but distinct (fig. 6). 4 Abdominal tergites dark brown, contrasting with the yellows hypopygium, _ Holotype, &#, Hall Valley, Colorado, August 11, 1915 (E. fa : Oslar). : 4 Erioptera (Empeda) noctivagans, sp. n. Wings pale dusky with an indistinct brown seam along 1 cord. : Male.—Length 3.2 mm.; wing 4.7 mm. -Female.—Length 3.8-4.1 mm.; wing 5.6-5.8 mm. Male.—Rostrum and palpi blank Antenne black, the se and third antennal segments enlarged, the flagellum without ex-— ceedingly elongated verticils as in stigmatica, cence es te. Head dark gray. ei Thorax grayish brown, the humeral portions bright vel Wy prescutum before the pseudosutural fovee slightly brightened. Pleura and sternum dark coloured with a sparse, gray pruinosity; ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 201 as pleural membranes yellowish brown. Halteres yellow. Legs with the coxe and trochanters yellowish, remainder of the legs = brown. Wings dusky gray, the stigma distinct; an indistinct, a brown seam along the cord; veins dark brown. Venation as in mm fig. 5. Bes Abdomen light brown with a _ broad, blackish: sublateral & ‘stripe on either side of the tergites; hypopygium small, brownish BS yellow; sternites brown. _ Female.—Slightly larger than the male, the basal segments of the antenne not so enlarged; flagellar segments oval, those _ toward the tip more attenuated; humeral portions of the thorax whitish yellow; abdominal tergites with the sublateral stripes -_ somewhat narrower; tergal valves of _the ovipositor pointed at their apices. __—- Holotype, 3, Maywood, Alexandria Co., Virginia, October 19, - 1915, (W. L. McAtee); at light. Allotopotypes, 2, October 15, 1915. Paratopotypes, 2 9s, October 16-19, 1915. Type in the collection of the United States Biological Survey. A key to the nearctic species of the genus Erioptera (Empeda). 1. Cell /st M2 closed; body-coloration yellow..............000.0ccc:cse000e. 2. Cell 1st M2 open; body-coloration gray or brown................... 3. 2. Basal deflection of Cui beneath the middle of cell Ist M2; _ vein Re oblique, diverging strongly from vein Rs (Eastern RMT Ta ocd iWin 9S sec an éetn ch cvcsascches+sshceoras nyctops Alex. Basal deflection of Cui before the fork of M; vein Re not oblique, running parallel with vein Rs (Western United ERE) cade sycseks co acyasnvesascssecags coeans-seeseceonsvssbens alicia Alex. _ 38. Wings gray with an indistinct, brown seam along the cord; , verticils of the male antenne not greatly elongated (Eastern MMMM DCS Yo oo orcs isco deesacsncvasansetaceeeseascanss noctivagans, sp. n. Wings subhyaline without a brown seam along the cord, only the stigmal region slightly’ darkened, verticils of the male seapmernite OTeAtyY ClONgated «oi. 6....:5-cipsasensescncvacsansagvacssvadynersesvers 4. -4, Body-coloration clear gray, including the thoracic pleura : CRG Mt. RegION) 5. oie...s5s.lsscicarsessncedtaaders cinereipleura, sp. n. Body-coloration reddish brown, the pleura reddish gray 5 (Northeastern United States)... .......5.00c0005 stigmatica, O. S. pase Rss? 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Chionea Dalman. These interesting subapterous crane-flies have been the sub- ject of much discussion during the past hundred years. They were long supposed to be wingless but this is incorrect, the wings being present although greatly reduced (see fig. 1, w). The legs of the males of many species are strongly imcrassated and hairy. The evolution of the group from full-winged ancestors has been ' indicated by the author in another paper (Proceedings Academy ~ Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, p. 529, 530; 1916). The closest known relative of Chionea I believe to be the full-winged Ptero- chionea bradleyi Alexander (British Columbia), a fly that is interest- ing and suggestive in many ways. Its structure may be compared with that of C. primitiva, sp. n., when the relationships existing will be better understood. 3 The antenne of Pterochionea, unlike the normal eriopterine crane-flies, have undergone a reduction in the number of the antennal segments, this reduction being brought about by a curious fusion of the five basal segments of the flagellum (fig. 3), that has been termed the fusion-segment. In Pterochionea this fusion- segment is elongated and the five sets of verticils are well-preserved. In Chionea, and, to a lesser extent,in Crypteria Bergroth, the fusion- segment has shortened up into a conical structure that is scarcely longer’ than the succeeding flagellar segment, and the five sets of verticils are either lost or very reduced. Beyond the fusion- segment in Pterochionea, Crypteria and C. primitiva, there are nine flagellar segments, thus accounting for the sixteen segments of the normal eriopterine organ. In order to determine, if possible, how the further reduction in segments in C. valga, C. nivicola and the other species had been brought about, Mr. C. W. Johnson — has very kindly examined the types and fresh metatypical speci- mens of C. valga Harris in the collection of the Boston Society of | Natural History. Under the date of March 11, 1917, he writes in part: ‘‘Under the binocular and with a fresh specimen I seem to see traces of segmentation in the three conspicuous joints of the flagellum, with 12 verticils and bristles, showing, as you say, nine. In the old specimens, including the ‘type, I cannot make _ out clearly the weaker segmentation, but the verticils seem to be the same; all of the specimens have the three long bristles on the 203 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST "Dy ~ CAN. ENT., VOL. XLIX. PLATE XII. 13 12 NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (P. 211). 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST terminal segment, one a little below the apex.’’ The sketch sup- plied by Mr. Johnson indicates that the first of the flagellar seg- ments has two of these weak segments, the next two have three _ each while the short terminal segment is not further divided, these totalling up to the nine distinct segments in C. primitiva. It — will be seen from the figures (fig. 3) that the flagellar segments in Pterochionea are all short-cylindrical; in C. primitiva (fig. 4) the basal segments are short with short verticils, these segments _ gradually becoming more attenuated and provided with longer bristles, the last segment shorter with three terminal bristles. — The male hypopygia of Chionea and Pterochionea show a peculiar, powerful type of genitalia, consisting of a massive pleurite and a single elongate pleural appendage (figs. 1, 2). In Crypteria the appendages are small, two in number and quite normal. Thus — in the structure of the_antenne, Chionea comes closest to Cryp- teria, but in the hypopygium the condition is remarkably close to Pterochionea. There can be little doubt but that these two genera, _ with perhaps others yet to be discovered, are the direct ancestors _ of our familiar snow-flies, Chionea. As stated in another paper, this interpretation | will place the group at the WE end of the a eriopterine series. : Chionea primitiva, sp. n. Size large; form stout; entire body hairy; head sinnantods antenne with nine flagellar segments beyond the fusion segment. Male.—Length 5.8 mm.; diameter across thorax, 1.5 mm. 7 Mouth parts yellowish brown; palpi dark brown, Antenne — elongate, the scapal segments yellowish brown, the flagellum — _ darker; first segment of the scape a little broader basally, with a % group of long bristles on the outer face; second segment narrowed, — than the segments that bear them, the others very long, longer — than the segments that bear them; the terminal segment is smaller, | eg THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 205 enlarged apically and bearing at its tip three very long bristles. The frontal prolongation of the head bears a group of about eight _ stout bristles. The head behind the eye is large, elongated and prominent, bearing many strong verticils. Head yellowish. ‘Thorax reddish yellow, the region of the mesonotal scutum and scutellum with abundant strong black bristles. Halteres prominent, light yellow. Legs with all the femora enlarged, * yellowish; tibiae yellow; tarsi black. Wings very small but. evi- dent (fig. 1, w) about as long as the third flagellar segment of the antenna. 3 Abdomen stout, the tergites with their caudal portions pro- vided with abundant long, black bristles; sternites with similar but shorter hairs. Male hypopygium powerful, the pleurites stout, the appendage enlarged basally and provided with an inner _ basal tooth, in the angle of which is a tuft of stout, black hairs; the appendage is shorter than the pleurite. Holotype, &%, Cascade, Owasco Lake, Cayuga Co., New York, - November 15, 1915 (Bishop and Crosby). a | Res di a. wg we f > een hs - ‘ ‘iis eRe RAO oe iy = hae i . 2 aT ner oe Chionea noveboracensis, sp. n. z Bite coloration dark brownish gray; ovipositor of the female very elongated. Female, somewhat shrunken, length about 3.5 mm. - Mouth parts and palpi brownish black. Antenne black, the - fusion-segment of the flagellum short; remainder of the flagellum broken. Head very dark brown with a gray pruinosity and numer- ous dark bristles. Thorax brownish gray. Halteres elongate, brownish yellow. Wings very small but evident, dusky gray. Legs with the coxe prominent, dark brown; femora and tibiae brown, the tarsi dark _ brown; femora not incrassated. Abdomen very dark brown with a gray bloom, the tergites -_ with long, golden hairs on the caudal portion. Female ovipositor exceedingly long and slender, the tergal valves much longer than _ the sternal pair, slightly upcurved, narrowed and obtuse at their tips. The tergal valves of the ovipositor are about as long as the thorax. 206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Holotype, 2, Coy Glen, Tompkins Co., New York, altitude 800 feet, Feb. 25, 1917 (R. C. Shannon). The type is in the collection of the collector. Chionea gracilis, sp. n. 4 Size small; form very long and slender; head round; femora not swollen. Male.—Length 3.9 mm.; diameter across the thorax, .6 mm. Mouth parts and palpi yellowish. Antenne yellow, the scapal segments long and slender, the flagellar fusion-segment long and slender, conical. Head rounded, yellowish. — Thorax brownish yellow. Halteres yellow. Legs yellow, the tarsi scarcely darkened. Abdomen long and slender, about twice the length of the combined head and thorax. Male hypopygium not conspicu- ously enlarged, the pleurites slender, the appendage very long and slender, curved, narrowed at the tip and nearly as long as the pleurite. . The body and legs are provided with a sparse covering of short, pale hairs. Holotype, &%, Ithaca, Tompkins Co., New York, December 21, 1914. The description of C. scita Walker indicates a form that is longer than C. valga Harris (aspera Walker) and having black | antenne. It seems probable that C. scita is the female of C. valga, the females of Chionea having the legs more slender than those of the male, and with the body more elongate and slender — (see Emerton’s figures, in Johnson’s paper, ‘‘ The Snow-fly, Chionea valga Harris,’ Psyche, vol. 14, p. 43; 1907). a A key to the Eastern American species of the genus Chionea. 1. Body-coloration gray...............:cccccccrecceeee noveboracensis, sp. n. Body-coloration reddish or yellowish...............0..:cccccccccecseseteeeeees 2. 2. Form long and slender; (length of the male less than 4 mm.; < diameter across the thorax about .6 mm.); all the legs — ' elongate, slender, not at all thickened............ gracilis, sp. n. E Form stouter; (length of the male over 4 mm.; diameter across the thorax 1 mm. or over); at least the posterior legs of the male incrassated. 4.3.15 ccsissiia5 oceacjesastnnd cansoelhuonan ein ee 3.4 > eet sae att. 4 i THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 207 3. Antennz with 12 segments; all the femora of the male incrass- ated; size larger, (length of the male about 6 mm.; diam- eter across the thorax 1.5 mm.).................. debe. sp. n. Antenne’ with 7 segments; the hind femora of the male conspicuously incrassated; size smaller (length of the male about 5 mm.; diameter across: the thorax about (\ ER en AS SS as a aa ee Ae aR RR valga Harris Tribe Limnophilini. Genus Limnophila Macquart. Limnophila subaptera, sp. n. Subapterous; wing of the male longer than the halter. Male.—Length about 12 mm.; wing 2.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne dark brown, ap- parently with only 15 segments; segments of the flagellum short- oval with stout, black bristles and a sparse, white pubescence. Head grayish with scattered yellowish bristles. Thoracic dorsum grayish with three indistinct grayish brown stripes, the lateral pair running back on to the scutum; sides of the scutellum yellowish. Pleura gray, the dorso-pleural mem- branes brownish yellow. Halteres brown, paler basally. Legs long and slender; outer faces of the coxz grayish except the fore coxa which are pale yellow; femora pale at the extreme base, the remainder dark brown; tibize brownish yellow, the apices darker brown; tarsi brown. Wings subatrophied, long and narow, longer than the halteres (fig. 8), pale basally, darker brown apically. Abdomen long and slender, brownish gray, the segments narrowly and indistinctly margined with paler; hypopygium with golden-yellow hairs. Holotype, &, South Fork of the Kaweah R.., Palinnnte below _ 5,000 feet, July 25, 1915, (J. Chester Bradley). Type in the collection of Cornell University. . Similar to L. aspidoptera Coquillett (New Mexico) and like this species having apparently but 15 antennal segments, the re- duction being brought about by the fusion or very close approxi- mation of the last two segments; the three basal antennal segments in aspidoptera are the more brightly coloured. The most obvious _ difference is in the elongate wings of the present species, these 208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a being about one and one-half times the lefigth of ‘the halteres; : in aspidoptera (fig. 9) the wings are short and broad, and extents = to about two-thirds the length of the halteres. ey — oa a Limnophila (Prionolabis) cressoni,sp. n. Dark brown with the thoracic stripes indistinct; wings with — narrow, grayish brown seams to the cress-veins and deflections _ of veins. : 7 Male.—Length 8 mm.; wing 10.6 mm. a . | Female.—Length 10 mm.; wing 10.8 mm. a Rostrum short, dark brown; palpi dark brown. Antenne ~ short, dark brown; the flagellar segments very short, almost — rounded, with an abundant white pubescence. Head gray. Thoracic dorsum dark brown with a sparse, yellowish gray bloom, the prascutal stripes poorly defined. Pleura clearer gray, ‘ the dorsal-pleural membranes brownish. Halteres dull yellow, the knobs a little darker. Legs with the coxze and trochanters dull brownish yellow, darkened toward their apices, this dark tip — broadest on the fore and middle femora, narrowest on the hind — femora; tibie brown, the tips narrowly dark brown; tarsi brown. — Wings with a pale, brown suffusion; stigma dark brown; broad, — grayish brown seams along the cord, the outer end of cell 1st Ma and at the origin of the sector. Venation (fig. 7) Ress about as— long as the basal deflection of Cz. ee Abdomen brown, the terminal segments darker. Hypopyeiumig of the male with the ninth tergite having a broad, V-shaped median | notch that is bordered with pale reddish brown; ventral pleural — appendage with a few scattered teeth that are not prominent. Female quite similar to the male, the ovipositor with elon- gate, acute, nearly straight tergal valves; sternal valves elongat e, only a little shorter than the tergal pair. 5 Holotype, #, Lagunitas Canyon, Marin Co., California, Ma ch 29, 1908, (E. T. Cresson, Jr.). Pe : Allotopotype, 9° ia The types are in the collection of the American Entomo lc oi a Society, Philadelphia. 4 This fly differs from the only described regional memb Goa 7 _ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 209 the subgenus (L. barbert Alex.) in its larger size and different -. coloration. , Tribe Pediciini. Genus Tricyphona Zetterstedt. Tricyphona degenerata, sp. n. Cell 1st M2 of the wings’ open by the atrophy of the outer ‘deflection of vein Ms; wings small, somewhat degenerate, in the male less than 5 mm. in length. Male.—Length about 4.8 mm.; wing 3.8 mm. Head lacking in the type. Pronotum light yellow. Mesonotum yellowish, the praescutum - with’a broad, dark brown, median stripe and shorter lateral stripes _ that continue back on to the anterior half of the scutal lobes; scutellum and the remainder of the scutum yellow; postnotum - with a very sparse, grayish pruinosity. Halteres pale, the knobs a little darkened. Legs with the cox elongated, dull yellowish; -_trochanters yellow, the margin at the junction with the femora darkened; femora and tibie brownish yellow, the tips of the latter “narrowly darkened; last two tarsal segments and the claws dark. _ ‘Wings long and slender, small, degenerate, although with a com- plete venation; pale yellowish subhyaline, the veins yellowish , _ brown; stigma indistinct. Venation (fig. 11) Rs angulated at its origin; cross-vein r about two-thirds the length.of that portion of Ri beyond it; petiole of cell Rs longer than the 7-m cross-vein; forks of M subacute; cell /st Mz open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of Ms. uate Abdomen dark brown, the hypopygium more reddish brown. Holotype, &, Geneva Park, Grant, Colorado, altitude 9,500- ~ 10,000 feet, July 22, 1916, (E. C. Jackson). The only other Tricyphona in the Nearctic fauna with the - cell 1st Mz open by the atrophy*of the outer deflection of vein _ Ms, is T. aperta Coq. (fig. 10), a full-winged fly that is much | larger than our present species. A comparison of figures 10 and _ 11 will show the chief differences between the species. The con- dition in the present nies is one of degeneration, the wing measuring but 3.8 mm.; the even more degenerate 7. hannai Alex. (Pribilof Islands) ‘breast the culmination of this tendency | in the known species of the genus. / 210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Genus Rhaphidolabis O. S. Rhaphidolabis (Rhaphidolabis) sessilis, sp. n. Size large (wing of the female over 8.5 mm.); body-coloration gray, the mesonotal prescutum with three dark brown stripes; ~ wings with the cross-vein 7 at the tip of Ri; cell Re sessile or sub- ; sessile. ort ae Female.—Length 6.8 mm.; wing 8.8 mm. Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antenne brownish, the scape with a gray bloom; flagellar segments oval, dark brown. Head gray. . Mesonotum light gray, the prascutum with three dark brown | stripes of which the median one is slightly darker and broader, becoming obsolete just before the transverse suture; lobes of the scutum brownish. Pleura gray, the dorsol-pleural membranes more brownish. Halteres pale, the knobs brown. Legs with the coxz dull yellow, the outer faces witha gray bloom that is heaviest on the hind cox; remainder of the legs dark brown, the femora brightened basally. Wings with a pale gray suffusion, highly iridescent; stigma light brown; veins brown. Venation (fig. 12) Rs short, strongly arcuated; cross-vein 7 at the very tip of Ri; cell Re sessile or very short-petiolate. Abdomen dark brown; valves of the ovipositor strongly reddish yellow. ° Holotype, 9, Hall Valley, Colorado, August 11, 1915, (E. J. Oslar). This fly is readily separated from all the described species (see the author’s key to the Nearctic species of the genus, Pro- ceedings Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia, p. 541, 542, — 1916), in its large size and the position of the radial cross-vein. Rhaphidolabis (Rhaphidolabis) major, sp. n. Size large (wing of the female over 9 mm.); body-coloration : pale brown, the prescutum with a broad, dark brown median — stripe. Female.—Length 7.8 mm.; wing 9.4 mm. er Rostrum yellowish brown, the palpi dark brown. Antennae — dark brown. Head brownish gray. oS Pronotum light brown, darker brownish medially. Mesonotal — N ‘ SS aee ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 211 q _ prescutum light fawn-brown with a very dark brown median _ stripe and much paler lateral vitta; the conspicuous median stripe _ is broadest in front, gradually narrowed behind, ending before the 3 transverse suture and narrowly bisected behind; lateral prescutal _ stripes and the lobes of the scutum paler brown; remainder of _ the scutum, the scutellum and postnotum reddish yellow, the latter browner on the caudal half. Pleura pale reddish brown, _ very sparsely dusted with whitish. Halteres yellow, the knobs _ brown. Legs with the coxe dull yellow; trochanters similar, their margins blackened; femora dull yellow, the tips narrowly _ brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings yellowish gray subhyaline, strongly iridescent; stigma very pale; veins dark brown. Venation (fig. 13) Rs long, almost straight; cross-vein 7 removed from the tip of vein Ri to a distance about equal to its own length; Res _ shorter than the radial cross-vein. q Abdomen grayish brown with a reddish cast that is best : _ defined on the caudal margins of the terminal sternites; ovipositor reddish yellow. 4 Holotype, 2 , Horseman Creek, Geneva Park, Grant, Colorado, altitude 10,200 feet, July 19, 1916, (L. O. Jackson). s This is the largest species of the genus. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XII. _ Fig. 1. Chionea primitiva, sp. n.; &, legs of the right side not figured; w= wing. e Fig. 2. C. gracilis, sp. n.; &@, dorsal aspect, legs of the left side not figured. % Fig. Antenna of Pterochionea bradleyi Alexander; <. ae The same, Chionea primitiva; &. Wing of Erioptera noctivagans, sp. n.; o. ‘“_E. cinereipleura, sp. n.; . Limnophila cressont, sp. n.; Q. L. subaptera, sp. n.; o. ° “ L. aspidoptera Coquillett; 7. “é ~ CHNS MEW “10. ‘“ Tricyphona aperta Coquillett; &. jie SB ‘« T. degenerata, sp. n.;o. be ae. “ Rhaphidolabis sessilis, sp. n.; 2. et aS. “ R. major, sp. n.; Q. 212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SUNFLOWER INSECTS IN VIRGINIA AND CONNECT ICUT | BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLO. a Eee August I visited Mr. S. A. Rohwer, at Falls Churehiytd Va., and with his assistance obtained a series of insects from the — sunflowers (Helianthus annuus var. zonatus) growing in his pardon Ss The list is as follows: (A) Visiting the Flowers. -.. Lepidoptera: Anosia plexippus L., sucking. Hymenoptera: Melissodes dentiventris Smith, both sexes; Melissodes caliginose Cress., 2 ; Apis mellifera L., worker; Bona consimilis Cress., worker;.B. americanorum Fb., worker; Haliche capitosus Sm., Qs. . (B) On Foliage. | ‘ is Hymenoptera: (Determined by Dr. W. M. Wheeler, wh was present at the time). Formica pallidefulva Latr. and var, nitidiventris Emery. = Hemiptera: (Determined ve Mr. O. Heidemann). Ent ia concisa Walk., breeding on leaves; I/nacora stalii Reuter, breedin % on leaves. % “3 In addition, a species of aphid (Macrosiphum) was found, of which we can only say now that it differs from any recorded from Helianthus. = : On Sept. 11, Dr. W. M. Wheeler very kindly collected ins ects on sunflowers (Helianthus annuus var. macrocarpus) at Colebrook Conn., (alt.1200 ft.), and sent me the specimens. The list is as follows: 1 5 Fr Hymenoptera: Myrmica_ scabrinodis subsp. schenki — emeryana Forel (Oct., Wheeler); Bombus consimilis Cress., workers having the yellow pubescence brighter than in cca from Garrison, N.Y.; B. fervidus .Fb., one male and six we a é Melissodes deaiebadris Sm., 92; Message latimanus Say, Q. Hemiptera: Lygus pratensis L., and a species not reco on Ze Diptera: Eristalis, Syrphus and Spherophoria. me At Boulder, Colorado, in September, 1916, I observed nu. moths one evening visiting the red sunflowers. On collec number, I found they were nearly all Feltia subgothica Haw. June, 1917 ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 213 A COMPARISON OF THE ANTENNA OF THE GRYLLO- BLATTIDA AND EMBIIDA TO DEMONSTRATE THE RELATIONSHIP OF THESE TWO OE ee een tee GROUPS OF INSECTS. BY G. C. CRAMPTON, PH. D.*, AMHERST, MASS. It has been maintained that the Grylloblattide are descended from Blattid-like forms, by some investigators (Walker, 1914, and others), while the writer (Crampton, 1915-1916) would derive them from Plecoptera-like forebears, through Embiid-like ances- tors. It is of the utmost importance to determine the exact affiini- ties of the Grylloblattids, if we wish to trace the genealogy of the Orthopteroid groups (i.e., the Tettigonids, Gryllids, Locustids, etc.) since the Grylloblattids have departed the least of any living insects from the ancestral condition of the Orthoptera and their immediate relatives, and, therefore, furnish us with the most re- - liable evidence available for determining the affinities of Orthop- teroid insects. On this account, I would present the evidence to . be gained from comparative anatomy, in a series of papers in which _ the various external structures of the Embiids and Grylloblattids are compared part for part, in an endeavor to demonstrate that the Grylloblattids are more closely related to the Embiids than to any other group of lower Pterygotan insects, and that the Gryllo- blattids are consequently to be derived from Plecoptera-like ancestors through more immediate ancestors which closely re- sembled living Embiids. In the present paper, which is the first of the series, I would present the evidence of close relationship between the two groups, _ to be gained from a comparison of their antenne. Unfortunately, the accompanying rough sketches were made from loaned material, at a time when I did not realize the importance of making a more detailed study of the antenna, since the specimens were borrowed primarily for the purpose of examining the thoracic sclerttes— which furnish one of the most reliable sources of determining the _ relationships of insects, from the standpoint of comparative ‘anatomy. The drawings, however, will be found sufficiently ac- _ curate for all practical purposes. * Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts _ Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. June, 1917. 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST _ The close correspondence in the number of antennal seg- _ ments occurring in a female Grylloblatta and a female Embia is most striking. In the female Embia which I was able to examine, through the generosity of Major Imms, twenty-seven antennal segments 9.—Lateral views of left antenna of (1) Embia major Imms, (2) Grylloblatta campodei- « , ‘eure Walker, P / occur (Fig. 9,1), and in the female Grylloblatta, kindly loaned — me by Dr. Walker, twenty-eight antennal segments occur (Fig. _ 9,2). Imms, 1913, records a maximum of twenty-nine antennal — records exactly the same number of segments (namely twenty- nine) as the maximum for females of Grylloblatta campodeiformis, — Walk., thus showing an astonishingly close agreement in the num- Indeed, there is a greater variation in the number of antennal seg- 4 ments among insects belonging to the same order, or even family, — elsewhere in the lower Pterygota, and, coupled with other ana THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 215 ————— In comparing the antennz of the Grylloblattids with those of ; the typical Blattids (e. g., the antenne of Periplaneta americana Linn) we find no such close correspondence in the number of seg- ‘ments, since the typical Blattid antenna is composed of consider-- ably over a hundred more segments than are present in the antenna _of Grylloblatta. Furthermore, the segments of a Blattid’s antenna are of a very different type from those of a Grylloblattid’s antenna, the smaller proximal antennal segments being more annular in outline in the Blattids. In the antennae of the Embiids and Grylloblattids, on the other hand, there is not only a remarkable _ correspondence in the number of segments composing the antenne, but the similarity extends even to the relative size and the outline of the antennal segments themselves. In both Embia (Fig.9, 1) and Grylloblatia (Fig. 9, 2)the scape (Seg. I) is much larger than the pedicel (Seg. II). Furthermore, the pedicel (Seg. II) is of about the same width as the postpedicel _ (Seg. III), but is shorter than the postpedicel (Seg. III) in both _ Embia (1) and Grylloblatta (2). In both insects, the post- 4 "3 . ; | 2 ; y. : : ~ a PR pedicel (Seg. III) is longer than the succeeding two segments. | (Segs. IV and V) which are somewhat annular, or broader than long, in outline. The sixth segment (Seg. VI) is slightly longer than the two preceding it, in both Embia and Grylloblatta, while here is a slight increase in length in the seventh segment in both insects. The segments from this point on, gradually become longer, slenderer, and more clyindrical in both insects, and the correspondence, even to the minutest details, is so striking, that even the veriest tyro could not fail to perceive the remarkable similarity in the antennz of these two insects. On the other hand, one has but to glance at the antennz of a typical Blattid, to con-, vince himself that the segments of its ‘“‘whip-lash”’ antenna are of a very different type from those of Grylloblatta; and if any con- clusions are to be drawn from a comparative study of the antenne, they would clearly point to a remarkably close relationship be- tween the Grylloblattids and Embiids, and a much more distant relationship to the Blattids. It might be mentioned in passing, that the antenne are situated nearer to the base of the mandibles, and below the eyes, in Embiids and Grylloblattids;. while in the typical Blattids, the 216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ae. antennz are located higher up in the frontal region, between the eyes. The eyes of Embiids and Grylloblattids are similar in out- line, and do not extend upward on the sides of the head; while — in the typical Blattids, the eyes are more “‘reniform,’’ and extend a e a for a considerable distance upward along the sides of the head. — The head is typically opisthognathous (i. e., mouthparts directed — backward) in Blattids, while in both Embiids and Grylloblattids — | it is: more prognathous (i. e., mouthparts directed forward). The — cervical scleritts are astonishingly similar in Embiids and Gryllo- — blattids (as will be brought out in a paper now ready for publica tion) while these neck plates in both groups differ markedly from — those of the Blattids, and the same is true of the thoracic sclerites — in general. The bodies of the Embiids and Grylloblattids are | slender, while those of typical Blattids are broader and more — flattened. It would be possible to cite many more instances e striking structural similarity between the Grylloblattids and — Embiids, (in points wherein both differ markedly from the Blattids) . but it is preferable to take up these structures point by point in a series of papers in which they can be discussed more in detail, and in which the points brought out can be illustrated by numerous — figures—which after all are more convincing than bare statements — of facts, since they enable one to form an opinion for one’s self — : concerning the features in question. . a The Grylloblattids are undoubtedly also very cloaaiy relia to the Phasmids such as Timema, and in all probability botk Phasmids and Grylloblattids were derived from forms quite simile ro to the Embiids. The Phasmodide (Phasmodes ranatriformis, Westw.) are insects very closely related to the Tettigonids (““Lo- custidz’’) which have retained many features suggestive of Phasn id affinities, and beyond a doubt, a comparative study of Phasmoc Me Grylloblatta and Timema, would be extremely instructive fr the genealogical standpoint. It might also be mentioned that 1 Phylliidz are too closely related to the Phasmids to be conside as a distinct order (the _‘‘Phyllioptera’’) as I formerly believ since such Phasmids as Ectatosoma are quite closely related to. Phylliids (as can be seen by comparing the males of Phyllium w these Phasmids), so that I would now regard the Phylliids sub-order of the Phasmid group, rather than as a distinct orde *< THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 217 _ The insects most closely related to the Embiids are the Plecop- a, which are probably the nearest living representatives of the stral Pterygota, so that the Embiids were doubtless descended Plecoptera-like ancestors. From these “ Plecopteroid”’ ances- the Forficulid line of development branched off in one direc- while that of the Embiids branched off in the other direction, | somewhere between the two (though doubtless nearer to the ibiid than to the Forficulid line) arose the Grylloblattid and smid line of development. Somewhere between these in turn ‘the Phasmodid, Tettigonid and Gryllid lines of development, the Phylliids branched off from the Phasmid line of develop- . From this, it may be seen that the Blattids are not near direct line of descent of the Grylloblattids, Phasmids, etc.; this point will be more fully discussed elsewhere. a BIBLIOGRAPHY. 5. Brues& Melander. Key to the Families of North American Insects; Boston, 1915. 5. Crampton. The Thoracic Sclerites and the Systematic Position of Grylloblatta campodeiformis, etc.; Ent. News, ~ 26, p. 337. _ Crampton. The Lines of Descent of the Lower Pterygotan Insects, etc.; Ent. News, 27, p. 244. 4. Walker. A New Species of Orthoptera, Forming a New Genus and Family; Canadian Entomologist, 46, p. 93. Dr. Walker will shortly publish an article dealing with both es of Grylloblatta. \ ABBREVIATIONS. Af. Antennifer, or process bearing the antenna. At. Antennale, or ring at base of antenna. |. First antennal segment, or scape. *. ‘Il. Second antennal segment, or pedicel. ‘TI. Third antennal segment, or postpedicel. IV. Fourth segment of antenna, etc. “~ June, 1917 - 218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST TWO NEW SPECIES OF DICYPHUS FROM PORTO RI (MIRIDA, HETEROPTERA). BY EDMUND H. GIBSON, U.S. BUREAU OF messed Ne WASHINGTON, Specimens of the following new Saye have been re i from Mr. R. T. Cotton, stationed at Rio Piedras, Porto c where he finds them injurious to tobacco plants. : Dicyphus prasinus, n. sp. Resembling D. minimus Uhl., but much larger and wit width at the base of the head.- : Head distinctly narrowed anteriorly, not Be behind the with short, inconspicuous hairs. Eyes large. Front very and prominent. Clypeus prominent. First joint of an n stout and distinctly longer than the distance between the eyes second joint as long as the head and pronotum together, third j jo about equal to the second, and fourth joint equal to or longer than the first. Rostrum extending to or beyond tans ‘it coxe. Pronotum wider than long, posterior lateral angles a posterior margin deeply emarginate, hairs or bristles on pre more prominent than those on head. Callosities of p transverse, their posterior margin at the middle of the pro median line impressed. Pronotum deeply concave or g at base of callosities. Colour: head, pronotum and scutellu yellow to yellowish green; eyes dark; clypeus and first” a joint black; remainder of antenne pale yellow to testa ct broad, dark lateral stripe on head behind eyes. Elytra subhy with small, fuscous spots, especially on the inner half. irregular fuscous spot near costal margin of each wing-c midway between base and apex. Membrane more or less ele and veins fuscous. . Abdomen pale green, legs yellowish. to tip of hemelytra, 2 314-3% mm., Ci 3-314 mm. pronotum 34 mm. Described from three females and ten or all of y in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. eA Dicyphus luridus, n. sp. This species may readily be distinguished from oth t genus by its short head and lack of colour markings. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 219 Head short, space between the eyes and the pronotal collar short, about equal to the width of the collar. Eyes large. Front very convex, clypeus prominent. Rostrum extending to hind coxe. Basal joint of antennz stout, short, slightly less than the width between the eyes, with few stout bristles, second joint - only slightly longer than length of pronotum, third about as long as the second, fourth longer than the first. Collar of pro- ~ notum wide, callosities transverse with posterior margin at middle of pronotum. Posterior margin of pronotum nearly truncate, " posterior angles rounded. Scutellum large. Elytra evenly clothed with fine, short hairs. Length to tip of elytra 3.5-4 mm. Width of pronotum 1 mm. General colour pale yellowish green, but varying from yellow to green, normally nearly unicolorous. Basal - joint of antennz yellow or testaceous at base and apex, making a dark band in the middle, apex of other segments pale, otherwise dark. Elytra subhyaline without distinct spots or colour mark- ings, more or less smoky. Veins of membrane fuscous. Abdo- men green, legs more or less spotted with. fuscous. Described from two females and seven males all of which are in the collection of the U. S. National Museum. It is gratifying to learn that the Dominion Government has recently appointed Dr. C. Gordon Hewitt to be Consulting Zoo- logist, in addition to his duties as Chief of the Entomological - Branch of the Department of Agriculture. The object of this new appointment is to enable him to advise the Government in _ all matters relating to the protection of birds and mammals, and dealing with any injurious kinds. It is not intended that this should in any way interfere with the performance of his valuable _ duties as Dominion Entomologist. BOOK NOTICE. Check List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America, by Wm. Barnes, S. B., M. D. and J. McDunnough Ph. D., Decatur, IIL, 1917. The publication of a new faunal check-list may well be likened , to adding another milestone along the roadside of science, and 220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Lepidopterists looking over this latest list and then glancing back- ward at its excellent predecessor, Dr. J. B. Smith’s List of agi may well be satisfied with the progress made. In the matter of speciés, over 8,500 are now included against — about 6,800 in Smith’s List, an increase of 1,700 species or 25%, — z which in itself indicates much activity.. But more important still has been the work of specialists in working out revisions of the various groups from a world-wide standpoint, which, while necessi- tating many changes, is bound to result in a more stable classifica- tion. Among the works referred to are those of Rothschild & Jordan on the Sphingide; Sir Geo. Hampson on the Arctiide and Noctuide; and of Mr. L. B. Prout on the Geometridae, in ad- dition to the revisions in the partially completed “Genera In-_ sectorum”’ and. ‘‘ Macro-Lepidoptera of, the World.”’ Embodied in the new list are not only the conclusions of these eminent authorities, but also the results of several years’ study of the Barnes’ collection and existing types in other North American collections, and finally changes had to be made to accord with the rules of nomenclature adopted by the International Congress. The changes in many instances have been very drastic, but — with the excellent index, which occupies almost as many pages as the list proper, little trouble will be experienced in finding the species looked for. As a compensation for having to forget a lot of names and learn new ones, it will give the older collectors a - feeling of pleasure to. find the ‘‘swallow-tails” are all Papilios — ad again, the ‘‘whites” are Pieris, instead of Pontia, and our friend the milk-weed butterfly is archippus again and its genus is Danaus, which sounds familiar even if the spelling be not. ; ‘ The check-list is valuable to everyone interested in North — American Lepidoptera, and the few lines headed “Exchange” on the — _fly-leaf at the back convey the good news that the same authors — purpose publishing a full catalogue of North American Lepidop- _ tera: It is hoped that the request for information will meet with — a general and cheerful response. ‘ee The price of the Check-List is $2.00, and copies are obealie = able from Dr. Wm. Barnes, Decatur, Il. A. F. W. Mailed June 2nd, 1917. he Panadian | Fntomologist ‘LONDON, JULY, 1917 No. 7 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. . THE DEATH-FEIGNING INSTINCT. BY E. MELVILLE DUPORTE, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUE. a Many widely different animals possess the instinct of feigning sath. The sand-hopper, a terrestrial amphipod, and the pill-bug drmadillidium) are well-known examples among the Crustacea. lat many Myriapods will coil up and remain perfectly still on ng touched is well known to all acquainted with the habits the common millipedes. Among the spiders, the Epeiride or b-weavers are perhaps the ones which most commonly feign ath on being disturbed. Though rare the instinct occurs among the vertebrate animals. ertain fishes and amphibians are known to feign death. Two teworthy examples of death-feigning birds are the partridge of e pampas of the Rio de la Plata and the tern of Pekinese Island. ~ Among mammals one of the best known examples is that which has enriched the , HaneniCan language’ with the expressive term 7a ‘playing ’ possum.” Other well known examples are the fox and rs ‘he armadillo. > __ It is among insects, however, that the death-feigning instinct most widely distributed, especially among the Coleoptera and _ Hemiptera. The active flyers such as the Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera seldom feign death. The term “feigning death’”’—an unfortunate one as it connotes a consciousness which does not exist—is used to designate the ‘ umption by an animal, when disturbed, of a rigid state which - ay be of momentary duration or may last upwards of an hour. The attitude of the feigning animal varies, but is very seldom the same as the attitude of the dead insect. The motionless con- dition and the rigidity due to the contraction of the muscles are the chief characteristics of the death feint, and for this reason I _ have included under the term all rigid motionless attitudes which _ are the result of a reaction to a shock stimulus. Given so broad s ‘ 222 iy THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST : an interpretation the death feint among insects falls into ¢ one other of the three divisions which follow: ; 1. The insect on receiving a shock becomes rigid without leasing its hold. $2 Certain caterpillars will hold on to a twig by one or m pairs of prolegs, and elevate their bodies, assuming more or les a grotesque rigid attitudes in which they will remain for a con- siderable time. Perhaps the best known examples are the cater-— pillars of the Sphinx Moths and of certain geometers. In these — cases the insect seems to come to rest naturally in the immobile attitude, without the stimulus of a shock, the contraction of the~_ muscles being probably due to an internal stimulus resulting from — ad the active metabolism which takes place after the insect has eaten. 7 If such is the case these reactions cannot properly be described _ as death feints. In other insects, however, a similar attitn ide can be definitely brought:about by a shock. Thus if the” necked apple-tree caterpillar (Datana ministra) be disturbed will raise both ends of its body with a jerk, retaining hold of twig by means of the four pairs of anterior prolegs. F wy, 2. The insect when disturbed rolls itself into a motionless b This habit seems to be common among terrestrial forms rath : than among arboreal ones. The ruby wasps or cuckoo-flies” S sididz) lay their eggs in the nests of wasps and bees. If at by their hosts the ruby wasps bend their abdomen Genta | 7 thorax, and in this attitude resemble a small, metallic ball. Sometimes the head and abdomen are bent back above the thorax. Thus Kirby and Spencer say of Silpha thoracica “whe alarmed it turns its head and tail inwards until they are paré lel with the trunk and abdomen and give its thorax a vertical ¢ tion, when it resembles a rough stone.” Certain of the rdve beetles (Staphylinide) combine bott titudes, bending the head beneath the thorax and the abdo above the elytra. = Many cutworms and other caterpillars also roll them into a motionless ball when disturbed. ip 3. The insect releases its hold, contracts its legs and a and falls to the ground, where it usually remains motionless a parently dead. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 223 This is the condition to which the term ‘‘death feint”’ is usually applied, but it is difficult to draw a sharp line of demarcation be- _ tween this and the reaction of the ruby wasps, between the at- _ titude of ruby wasps and that of the carrion and rove beetles, or _ between the attitude of these beetles and the rigid attitude of the -yellow-necked apple-tree caterpillar. 5 The death feint varies greatly in degree. On the one hard 4 we have certain insects which when disturbed remain momentarily _ quiet, becoming active again almost immediately. On the other hand we have De Geer’s classical example, Anobium pertinax. Kirby and Spence referring to this insect and in part quoting- De Geer say: “All that has been related of the heroic constancy of American savages when taken and tortured by their enemies scarcely comes up to that which these little creatures exhibit. You may maim them, pull them limb from limb, roast them alive over a slow fire, but you will not gain your end; not a joint will _ they move nor show by the least symptoms that they suffer pain,’’* and they naively continue: ‘‘do not think, however, that I ever tried these experiments upon them myself, or that I recommend you to do the same.’’ In spite, however, of the admonition of the learned authors of the Introduction of Entomology several workers have repeated these experiments and found that the case of Anobium is an extreme one and that the majority of feign- ing insects gradate between this extreme and the other in which the loss of activity is but momentary. In JT ychius picirostris, for example, the writer finds that while the legs and antennz of the feigning insect may be cut off without eliciting any symptoms of activity, more drastic disturbances such as decapitation or sever- ‘ing the trunk always cause the insect to resume its activity. In the same insect it was found impossible to elicit the feigning re- sponse on a hot surface, and an insect in the death feint placed on a hot surface immediately became active and tried to escape. _ Cold, on the other hand, very greatly increased the duration of the feint. *Compare Holmes on the feint of the Pekinese tern. ‘‘ You may pull them _ about, seretch out their legs, neck or wings and place them in the most awkward positions, and they will remain as limp and motionless as if really dead. They will even suffer their wing and tail feathers to be plucked out one by one with-_ outa wince.” 224 THE CANADIAN ENTOHGLOSNS The duration of the feint may be momentary or it may es an hour. There is little uniformity either in individuals of . same species or in the same individual during successive feir I have never found any gradational relation between the duratior of successive feints, but Fabre found that in the beetle Scarite gigas the duration increased with each successive feint. V a Tychius picirostris the longest feint may occur at any place i in as succession of feints, but the average duration of the earlier is greater than that of those occurring later in the series. Tur. had the same results with the ant-lion, and Gee and Lathrop the Severins, and other workers have also failed to observe definite relation in the duration of successive feints. . . Most insects will feign again and again if stimulated. number of successive feints is, however, limited. An —- responding to a larger or smaller number of shocks will fi refuse to respond further. If allowed to rest, however, it will a respond, ia In some cases—a well known example is the goldenctos ch somelid Tvirhabda canadensis—the insect may feign death on ~ near approach of the collector; in others the feint is not norm: elicited until the insect is touched. Within the same species, ever, the intensity of the shock seems to have no effect on tensity or duration of the feint. Both the collector and the economic ou tonnckeute ‘Kaas advantage of the death feint. One_of the best known cases in which the economic entomologist enlists the aid of this instinct the destruction of the plum curculio by jarring the trees. and Fiske in an account of their work on the control of this pe in a Georgia peach and plum orchard give a list of other in collected by jarring the trees for the curculio. This list inch two hundred and sixty-nine species of Coleoptera repres thirty-one families; seventy-one species of Hemiptera-He te op representing eleven families; and eight species of aaairaryo senting three families. Other orders were represented, _ numbers were so few that these insects were not listed. The advantage of the death feigning instinct to its pe is doubtful. When an animal resembles its surrounding in or form, the ability to remain perfectly still makes it p ‘THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 225 z indistinguishable. Every collector or hunter knows the value of immobility in concealment. Certainly every collector has felt the . impulse to give voice to some strongly emphatic expletive on losing a coveted specimen which on being approached drew its legs close © to its body and dropped to the ground where it remained effectively hidden from his disappointed eyes. We should be careful, how- ever, not to lay too much emphasis on the advantages of this action | _ because it is hardly probable that the natural enemies of thése insects are quite as readily outwitted as we are. Indeed the in- stinct may in some animals be not only useless but positively in- jurious. This is true of certain birds which, when pursued, instead of seeking safety in flight or shelter, feign death in the open where they may be easily captured. There have been several explanations given of the nature of the death feint. Certainly there is no consciousness involved, and the instinct is merely a physico-chemical reaction to external stimulus. The most probable theory is that in the death feint we have an example of negative thigmotaxis, that shrinking from contact characteristic of so large a tp iahanige of all classes of ani- mals. A NEW NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS TETRAMERINX (DIPTERA, ANTHOMYIIDA2). BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL. _ The genus Tetramerinx belongs to the subfamily Coenosiinz of the Anthomyiidez, and may be distinguished from its allies by the presence of 4 post-sutural dorso-central bristles on the meso- notum. The females are readily distinguished from any allied genus except Phyllogaster by the peculiar clawlike processes on the apical abdominal segment. Stein described the genus under the name Tetracheta, but this name was preoccupied and subsequently was replaced by Tetramerinx by Berg. KEY TO SPECIES. 1. Third antennal joint not over twice as long as UN EMDR SST 4 Gaba cia 0hu 8 spyehedunbsveceadpievenpectick brevicornis, sp. n. July, 1917 226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST . Third antennal joint at least four times as long as _ antero-dorsal Satine of hind tibia with 1 bristle in female (Cal.) 0.0... cceccecescsecsereeeescesesteeeeeeeeo gf emmoraia Malloch Hind femora of male without a fasciculus at base; abdomen in both sexes with a faint central line; veins 3 and 4 of wings subparallel; antero-dorsal surface of hind tibia with | 3-4 bristles (Mass., Tex.) ......:c.cc:ccceisevessscdeasverecesne unica Se a Tetramerinx brevicornis,; sp. n. Female. —Length 4 mm. Black, densely covered with ‘yel- a lowish gray pruinescence. Frons yellowish gray with the excep- a tion of an opaque, black, wedge-shaped mark on each side at apex of frontal triangle; antennz and palpi black. Thorax unmarked. — Abdomen with very faint indications of a pair of spots on dorsum — of segments 2 and 3. Legs black. Calypteree white, yellowish oe margins. Halteres yellow. Wings clear, veins yellowish. ~ a Frontal triangle very broad, obscuring central stripe org posterior half; each orbit as broad as central stripe, the bristles nearer inner than outer margin, a series of short setulz laterad of — A the bristles; frons and face distinctly protuberant; third antennal joint about twice as long as second; arista swollen on basal fourth, — very shortly pubescent; marginal bristles on cheek sparse; cheek 2: one-fifth as high as eye, the latter nearly twice as high as : Thorax very sparsely haired; acrostichals irregularly 2-rowe Abdomen without strong bristles except at apex. Fore tibia wit or without a weak bristle; mid tibia with 2 weak posterior bris Ac hind tibia with 4-5 antero-dorsal and 2 antero-ventral we: bristles. Inner cross-vein distinctly beyond middle of discal ce outer cross-vein almost straight; veins 3 and 4 subparallel api ., Type locality, Waukegan, Ill., August 23, 1906. Taken « shore of Lake Michigan. Two specimens. Type in collection of Illinois State Laboratory of Natu History. ab - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 227 3 THE ANTHOMYIID GENUS PHYLLOGASTER (DIPTERA). = BY J. R. MALLOCH, URBANA, ILL, 3 In the collection of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural _ History I find two species of the genus Phyllogaster, one being the __ genotype and the other an undescribed species. E Nothing is known of the immature stages of the genus. The _ specimens before me were taken on or near the seashore or the banks of rivers. The genotype was described from specimens _ from Florida and Massachusetts. The females of this genus may be separated from those of any other in Coenosiine except Tetramerinx by the presence of four strong, clawlike thorns at apex of last abdominal segment. The former has but 3 pairs of post-sutural, dorso-central bristles while the latter has 4. Both sexes of Phyllogaster have the frons pro- _ truded beyond the anterior margin of eyes, the antennz much _ elongated, and the arista bare and much swollen on the basal third. - 9 lee tt eal Oa > sy . DIAGNOSIS OF SPECIES. Abdomen with an interrupted longitudinal median brown stripe and a pair of faint spots of same colour on segments 3 and 4; hind femora with 1 or 2 strong and several weak bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibie with 1 antero-ventral bristle; third vein of ,wing bare proximad of the inner cross-vein...... cordyluroides. Abdomen usually with the central stripe faintly visible, the spots indistinguishable; hind femora with from 3 to 5 strong bristles on apical half of antero-ventral surface; hind tibiz with 2 antero-ventral bristles; third vein usually with a few weak bristles proximad of the inner Rr ie ok)! gs a ag Kae bthu vlain ouaEER tale littoralis. Phyllogaster cordyluroides Stein. _ Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 1897, p. 256. I have before me two males which I consider belong to Stein’s species. One specimen, from Florida, is very pale in colour, being July, 1917 rs Sy > 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST densely covered with whitish gray pruinescence. The abdominal — _markings are distinct though not so well defined as in the other example, from Padre Island, Texas, which is considerably darker and has the markings very conspicuous. The Florida specimen is not in very good condition, but the Texas one has the lateral plates of the apical, furcate ventral segment armed with numerous. 4 \. ith, ik al ae 2 F OAR Dias oid 4 eee . ej a . ae oe. ee ee oe a’ 5 hairs amongst which there are several long bristles. The arista in both specimens is subequal in length to the third antennal joint, Length 3-4 mm, , Phyllogaster littoralis, sp. nov. Male and female.—Black, densely covered with whitish-gray pruinescence, which is slightly yellowish on dorsum of head and thorax. Antenne and palpi black. Abdomen with very faintly indicated central dark stripe. Legs black, apices of femora and all of tibize reddish yellow. Wings clear, veins pale. Halteres yellow. Orbital bristles moderately strong, 4-7 in number; arista pubescent, basal third much swollen, entire length about 1}4 that of third antennal joint; cheek from ‘one-fourth to one-third the height of eye. Thorax with few setulae; acrostichals irregularly — 2-rowed. Abdomen with setulose hairs, third and fourth seg- ments with a transverse series of bristles on middle which is stronger than the one at apex. Fore tibiz without median bristle; mid tibiae with 2 on posterior surface; hind tibie with 2-3 antero-dorsal, 2 — 4 antero-ventral, and 1 postero-dorsal. Third vein usually with a — few weak, widely-placed bristles on under surface proximad of the inner cross-vein. Length 3.5-5 mm. Type locality, Grand Tower, Ill., July 12, 1909, on willow on _ bank of Mississippi River. Paratypes, Waukegan, IIl., August ~ 23, 1906, on shore of Lake Michigan; Algonquin, IIl., July 10, — 1895; South Haven, Michigan; July 14, 1914, on shore of ~ Lake Michigan. a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST _ 229, a NEW SPECIES OF SOMATOCHLORA (ODONATA) WITH NOTES ON THE CINGULATA GROUP. BY CLARENCE HAMILTON KENNEDY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY, ITHACA, N.Y. While gathering material during the past year for a list of western dragonflies, the writer has had the privilege of examining these insects in nearly all the large collections of the United States. Particular attention was paid to the genus Somatochlora because of the meagre data heretofore published on these rare insects. Much difficulty was experienced in finding enough material in any one collection to make adequate comparisons of related species. The writer wishes to thank Dr. Holland and Mr. Hugo Kahl, of the Carnegie Museum, for the privilege of using the specimen in the Carnegie Museum collection as a type. Dr. Walker has promised to monograph this genus. It cer- tainly needs thorough overhauling by someone who can assemble a _ all the material for careful comparison. The identity of many of ___the females is a matter of conjecture. Somatochlora walkeri n. sp. Holotype.—Male, collected on the Kuskokwin River, Alaska, by A. Stecker, and now in the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh, | Pa. Allotype.—Female, a broken specimen in the collection of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It is a part of the Hagen col- lection and is labeled “‘Epith. septentrionalis 2 Hag. Saskat. Scudder, F. C. Gray’s Fund.’’ Segments 4 and 5 are missing, which give it the small size of septentrionalis. Near hudsonica, but colour very dark and appendages dif- ferent. More remotely related to septentrionalis, albicincta and cingulata. Length of abdomen, male (exclusive of appendages) 32 mm., length of appendages 3 m.; female with abdominal segments 4 and 5 missing, but the abdomen without appendages is probably about 34 mm. Length of hind wing, male, 33; female 29 mm. Male.—Colour: labium yellow, labrum black, anteclypeus creamy, postclypeus black. Frons black with metallic greenish July, 1917 “= a 230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST | reflections, a brownish creamy spot. on’ each side. = Vertex: occiput almost black, rear of head black. See Pl. XIII, fig. Prothorax hidden by the heavy, white pile on the rear sn he head and on the mesothorax. ree flections on the lower end of the mesepisternum and the i infr r terna. Coxe and all legs black. A suggestion of creamy < the alar edge of the mesepisternum. An obscure, narrowly e tical, yellow spot on the posterior edge of the mesepimeron the metathoracic spiracle. Entire thorax covered with creamy pile. Wings hyaline. Pterostigmata pale brown. Fig. 10.—Somatochlora septentrionalis. ee . Appendages of male Fe (Coll.), Labrador, M. 7 ee ¥ Appendages of male, Gran Lake, Nfd. 3. Appendages of male, Winthers rate ) Ma heoten M. Cz is 4. Appendages of male, Hudson's Bay, “Carnegie Mus. 3 Abdomen with segments 1-3 and 10 black with metalli reflections, segments 4-9 pure black except the inters¢ membranes 2-3 and 9-10, and the triangular yellow ies 4 lower anterior edge of segment 3. a _ Structure.—This is a short, heavy species. Occile E reaching half way to the vertex. Lateral keel on segments THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 231 _ Genital lobes small. Appendages 2-214 times as long as segment 10. See Pl. XIII, figs. 10, 11. Viewed from above, cylindrical, arching slightly entad, the flat tips, which are half the length of _ the cylindrical bases, bent sharply entad at almost 90 degrees, then - eurving caudad with their apices bent dorsad and cephalad. _ Viewed laterally the externo-inferior surface of the appendage is a longitudinal groove whose external edge has a blunt tooth at its ~ extreme base and the inferior or ental edge has a similar basal » tooth, but this just caudad of the tooth on the external edge of the - groove. Viewed laterally the apical third or the flat tip bends abruptly ventrad, then curves caudad, dorsad and finally cephalad. Inferior appendage about half the length of*the superiors. Viewed ~ ventrally it is triangular with its base more than half as wide as the appendage is long. Female.—Colour as in the male but the prothorax with the posterior lobe yellow. Anterior coxa yellow on the outer or pos- terior side. Femora of anterior and middle legs brown on their basal two-thirds. Front wings with a tinge of dusky in the sub- _ costal space to the fifst cross-vein. Hind wings tinged along the _ costal edge to beyond the arculus, also the first three basal cells } posterior to the median dusky. Pterostigmata brown. Bs Abdomen with a pale area on the side of segment 1 and three _. pale areas on the side of segment 2, the dorsal one of the three being circular and twice the diameter of either lower spot. A large, circular, basal spot on the side of segment 3. (Segments 4 and 5 missing.) Obscure, minute, lateral spots on segments 6 and 7. Articulatory membrane between segments 2 and 3 white, between segments 7-8, 8-9 and 9-10 pale. Vulvar lamina scoop-shaped, reaching to the middle of seg- ment 10. It is more heavily chitinized than in the type female of hudsonica. The sternum of segment 9 reaches barely to the middle of segment 10. Appendages lacking. This species has been confused with hudsonica. Figs. 5-8 _ are from the types of hudsonica in the Mus. of Comp. Zool. Dr. - Walker has this true hudsonica, collected by Mr. Whitehouse at Red Deer, Alberta.* *F. C. Whitehouse, Odonata of the Red Deer District. Can. Ent., XLIX, p. 100, Mar., 1917. jie rs ey 232. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST De Selys’ description (Bull. Acad. Belg. (2) XXI, p. agrees with the M.C. Z. types of hudsonica. Martin’s iguee , (Cordulines, Coll. Selys page, 27) is not the true hudsonica but species walkeri, which is probably figured from a specimen in th he Selys’ collection mislabeled hAudsonica. Walkeri differs from hudsonica in the superior appendages being closer together; in lateral view, in that the tip is directed ventrad, while in hudsonica 4 it is directed caudad. In walkeri the two basal teeth almost. over- ’ Jap in lateral view. In hudsonica, they are apart the width of ei tooth. ; In coloration walkeri is very dark, but in a large series of — semicircularis (Kennedy, Proc. U. S. N. M., 46, p. 111,) and in a large series of albicincta in the Carnegie Museum there is much — variation in colour. oe This species has hudsonica as its nearest relative. FOE this Ag reason I have associated with this male the female found in 1 t a M. C. Z. collection which is most like the type female of hudsa nr but seems to be specifically distinct. The female differs from t is the hudsonica female in darker coloration (as does the male) 2 in the shorter sternum of segment 9. The only other females with which these might be confused are those of the i: group, but in none of these does the vulvar lamina exceed s gmel nt 9 in length. a a I take pleasure in naming, this species for Dr. E. M. Walke who has done so much work on our northern Odonate fauna. ‘4 rye, Somatochlora hudsonica (Hagen). This species resembles albicincta, but is readily distinguis by the greater width between the bases of the superior appendages ~ of the male. Until Mr. Whitehouse took this species at Red De Alberta, last summer, the only specimens in this country were tl types in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. The types at : 2 @’s and @, from Ft. Resolution, Hudson Bay Ter., Kennicot 1861. See figs. 5-8. Somatochlora albicincta (Burmeister) Excepting possibly semicircularis this is the most co species in collections. The finest series is that in the Carnegie Museum from Mt. Ranier, Washington, collected by Jenning eit: CAN. ENT., VOL: XLIX. PLATE XIII. C— SOMATOCHLORA WALKER], n.sp., AND ALLIES. 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The less robust form which Scudder described as eremita ay in collections. The types of eremita are 3c'’s and Q@, ‘Lake, New Hampshire, now in the collection of the Boston $ of Natural History. A ¢& and Q eremita are in Dr. Cal NT Fig. 11.—Somatochlora albicincta. 25. Anpeseaaes, of male, type of “‘eremita’’ in Bost. Soc, Nat. Hist., Hermit Lake, New Hampshire. 26. Appendages of eS - Regs Calvert's Coll., Hermit i Lake, New Hamps Dy 27. Segments 9 and 10 < oj female in Dr. Calvert's Coll... =) > Hermit Lake, New Hampshire. : ie - eo undoubtedly intergrade. Figs. 25-27 show specimens from Lake, fig. 25 being from the type. The male from Banff re fig. 26. See also figs. 13-16. The types themselves are to the typical albicincta than the Banff or Dr. Calvert's mens. Somatochlora scastannisainiaiie (Hagen). This is the smallest species in the genus, the abdomen t but 31 mm. in length. = A male of this from Hudson’s Bay was found in di Museum. It was so different from the specimen figured by V son (Ent. News, XVII, p. 138, as hudsonica) that it was co new until the two male types in the Museum of Com Zoology were examined, when it wasfound that these type were intermediate between the Williamson male and this € Museum male. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 235 . Text fig. 10, 1-8 show the variation in the appendages of _ the four known males of this rare species. This is evidently a very northern species as the known speci- mens are from Newfoundland, Labrador “and Hudson’s Bay. The vulvar lamina of the type female in the M.C. Z. is similar a to that of the albicincta female but not as deeply notched, being 3 less than a third the length of the lamina. The female can be dis-- _ tinguished by her very small size, for the abdomen of this type is but 30 mm. in length. eer The following specimens are in American collections. <, Grand Lake, Newfoundland; 9, Bay of Islands, Newfoundland, in collection of Williamson; o’, Stag. Island, Rupert Bay, Hudson’s Bay, in Carnegie Museum; o’, type, Labrador; o’,. Labrador; Q@, type, Labrador, in the Museum of Comparative. Zoology. See also figs. 17-20. .. Somatochlora cingulata (Selys). This is the largest and finest of all the American Somato- chloras. It is interesting in that in her great robustness the _ female develops tubercles at the base of her appendages similar - in position to those on the male. What is probably a similar - assumption of male characters by robust females occurs in another _ species of Somatochlora not in this cingulata group. In a letter to Dr. Walker I suggested it might be due to a great abundance _ of food, while Dr. Walker had data that would indicate it to be _ due to climatic differences. Besides a male, and I think a female, in the M. C. Z. collec- _ tion, whose labels I neglected to copy, the following specimens _ occur in'the collections I have had the privilege of studying. <, - Bay of Islands, Newfoundland, and 9, Grand Lake, Newfound- - land, in Mr. Williamson’s collection. co and @, St. Ignace Isl., — Lake Superior, and a 2, from Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon, Ontario, in the Carnegie Museum. See figs. 21-24. EXPLANATION OF PLATE XIII. Figs. 5-8. Somatochlora hudsonica, male and female types» M. C. Z. Ft. Resolution, Mackenzie, Kennicott, 1861. 236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Figs. 9-12. Somatochlora walkeri, male type, Carnegie Mus., Kuskokwin Riv., Alaska; female type, Saskat., in M. C. Z. Figs. 138-16. Somatochlora albicincta, male and female, coll. . Williamson; male, Bay of Islands, Nfd.; female, Kadiak Isl., Alaska. . 5 ate Figs. 17-20. Somatochlora septentrionalis, male, Carnegie Mus., Stag Isl., Rupert Bay (Hudson’s Bay); female type, Wiethows (Coll.), jakealans in M. C. Z. Figs. 21-24. Somatochlora cingulata, male and female, Cais? negie Mus., St. Ignace Isl., Lake Superior. In copula. ON SOME NEW OR NOTEWORTHY COLEOPTERA FROM a THE WEST COAST OF FLORIDA.—II. 4 BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. During the winter and early spring months of 1916-17 a number of interesting species of Coleoptera were taken in the vicinity of Dunedin, Florida, some of them on Hog Island, others about the lakes and hammocks north and east of the town. Some — of these species are evidently undescribed; others are worthy of note on account of their having been hitherto taken at only one or a two localities in Florida. Among the undescribed forms taken during the winter is a Staphylinid secured while on a visit toGaines- ville. While not found near the coast it is included among the 4 others noted in this second paper bearing the above title. : Biocrypta magnolia, sp. nov. Elongate, subfusiform, feebly convex. Dark reddish or — chestnut-brown, the antenne and legs paler. Head subquadrate, — iz as wide as elytra, strongly narrowed in front of eyes, vertex ‘coarsely and sparsely punctate; basal joint of antenna as long as the next. four united, third slightly longer than second, which is equal to ie fourth. Thorax one-third longer than wide, apex as wide as base, ~ sides almost parallel, angles rounded; disc highly polished and $ with an irregular row of rather coarse punctures each side Of — middle, and numerous scattered ones between these and the 5 rus : margins. Elytra as long as and slightly wider than thorax, about shallowly and somewhat rugosely punctate. Abdomen but slightly. July, 1917 <8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Bie) | narrower than elytra, minutely and sparsely punctate, its surface as well as that of head and elytra sparsely clothed with very fine, _ prostrate hairs; under surface finely and sparsely punctate, the punctures bearing coarse, semi-erect hairs. Male with sixth or & last ventral deeply and acutely notched, the third more or less pro- _ longed backward in a lobe. Female with sixth ventral unmodi- fied, the third with an obtuse perforated tubercle near its front ~ ‘margin. Length 7-7.5 mm. a Described from six males and one female taken February 7 beneath the loose bark of a large magnolia log on the grounds of the State University at Gainesville, Fla. Three of the males have the lobe of third ventral but feebly developed, while in the others it is prolonged backward beyond the middle of fifth segment. The genus Biocrypta, founded by Casey* upon LeConte’s Crypto- bium prospiciens, differs from its nearest allies in the absence of a pleural fold near the side margin of elytra, in the head being dis- " tinctly narrowed in front and by the males having the sixth ventral 3 notched at apex, the third at the same time being lobed as de- scribed above. B. prospiciens Lec., which occurs in Texas and Arizona, is the only other known North American species of the genus. From it B. magnolia differs in colour and in its wider . head and smaller eyes, as well as in the different form and coarser sculpture of its thorax. i Medonella minuta Casey. Three specimens of this pretty little Paderid were taken December 22 from beneath logs and chunks partly buried in the sand, just above the reach of high tide along the beach of the bay at Dunedin. It was described from Biscayne Bay, and is not recorded elsewhere. | Zagloba bicolor Casey HE A dozen specimens of this bristly little Coccinellid were swept January 29, from the low sea-blite, Batis maritima L., which grows in partially overflowed tracts on Hog Island, opposite Dunedin. The beetle was described from Palm Beach, Fla., in 1899,** and has not since been recorded. 2 *Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, XV, 1995, 23. **Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc., VII, 114. 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. lechyrus SRS 6b sp. nov. = > black spots, the fiettain one twice the size of the lateral is ae a latter more distant from the margin than in 4-punctatus. Elytra — more distinctly alutaceous and with fine, scattered punctures along the intervals; the common scutellar black spot larger and more evenly quadrate, separated by a narrow, yellow cross-bar from a — black space which extends three-fourths to apex and which is partially broken by a yellow line extending backward to apical — third along the fifth interval; apex yellow, the oblong, black, sub- apical spots of 4-punctatus lacking. Length 7 mm. Described from a single specimen taken near Dunestii February 8, from between the leaves of a-large air plant, beer utriculata L. Soronia brunnescens, sp. nov. Elongate-oval, feebly convex. Uniform pale reddish-brown, 1 ; legs but slightly paler. Head finely and sparsely punctate, broadly — ¥ impressed between the eyes, which are prominent and 4 granulated; antennal grooves almost straight. Thorax two-thi ’ wider than long, apex broadly and shallowly emarginate; sides — broadly and regularly .curved, the hind angles obtuse; disc ve via finely, sparsely and evenly punctate, the margins moderately ex “- ef planate and feebly recurved. Elytra slightly wider at base tl thorax at middle, their margins more widely explanate, si broadly curved from base to the rounded apex; disc glabro without trace of costae, punctate like the thorax. Abdomen minutely pubescent, finely and densely punctate. here 3Bz mm. - . ie Described from three specimens taken at porch ligh Dunedin, June 10. From the other members of the genus, ¥ are easily known by the presence of a frontal lobe which pri Oj over the basal joints of the antenne, brunnescens is disting by its uniform pale colour, smaller size and lack of elytral cos' THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 239 ye Arhipis lanieri Guer. A single dead specimen of this rare Elaterid was taken in a fungus beneath the bark of a dead water-oak on December st. Its first and probably the only other record from the United States was by Schwarz*, who found a large colony of the adults in the branch _ of an undetermined tree at Cocoanut Grove, Florida. He has also ~ _ beaten it from branches at Cayamas, Cuba. ; Chrysobothris chrysoela III. This very handsome little Buprestid is mentioned by Schwarz as being ‘‘very rare’’ at Haulover, Enterprise and Lake Ashby, Fla. A half dozen or more specimens have been taken near Dunedin by beating the wax myrtle, Myrica cerifera L.,in November and March. It has also been taken by me at Ft. Myers, Sanibel Island and Lake Istokpoga, and is probably more widely distributed than the records would indicate. Melanophila notata Lap. & Gor. Single examples of this rather rare species were taken at Dunedin and Ormond on June 5 and April 6, on the former date at light. It is recorded from Georgia and Florida, and a speci- men was taken in an Indianapolis street car on June 22—perhaps an involuntary import by some passenger. Hypotrichia spissipes Lec. A single example at-porch light on June 5. This species was _ described from Florida by LeConte in 1862,** but I can find no further mention of it in any Florida list, Schwarz giving only the name as recorded from Florida, but the species not collected be him. Polyphylla gracilis Horn. Three specimens have been beaten from young pine trees near Dunedin, between March 27 and April 10. It was described from “near Jacksonville, Fla.” : Chlorophorus annularis Fab. A single example of this East Indian species, known hitherto from India, Java, Borneo and Sumatra, was taken at porch light at my residence in Dunedin by my son on June 10, 1915. It was determined for me by A. J. Mutchler of the American Museum of Natural History, and was shown by him at the meeting of the New York Entomological Society on November 21, 1916. *Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. 2, p. 39. **Smithsonian Misc. Coll., III, 137. 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Neoclytus simplarius, sp. nov. Elongate, slender, subcylindrical. Pale reddish brown, the apical third or more of elytra fuscous-brown; elytra each with a narrow, oblique bar of white pubescence at basal fourth, and a_ similar but wider bar of longer white hairs at apical third, both of these bars extending over to the sides of the under surface. Head coarsely, densely, rugosely punctate. Thorax subcylindrical, nearly twice as long as wide, its sides just visibly curved from apex to basal third, then suddenly strongly narrowed into the neck-like base; disc rather finely, very densely rugosely punctate, the median line with five very small, transverse tubercles. Elytra at base slightly wider than middle of thorax, then feebly narrowed and — subparallel almost to apex, the tips separately obtusely angulate; disc minutely, evenly and very densely granulate-punctate, the granules covered with a very fine, velvety pubescence. Middle ~and hind femora armed at apex with two minute flat spurs. Length 4-8 mm. Fi Described from two specimens, beaten from Ampelopsis arborea L. at Dunedin, March 29—April 3, and two cotypes in the collection of Chas. W. Leng, taken at Enterprise, Florida, on November 10, from Quercus nigra. The transverse ridges or tubercles of the median line of thorax in the Dunedin types are so small as to be easily overlooked, and the species, therefore, taken for a Clytanthus, but in one of the Enterprise specimens they are larger and there are two additional tubercles on each side. The species resembles Clytanthus albofasciatus Lap. closely in form, size and general colour, but differs widely in the shape and sculpture of thorax and in the arrangement of the pubescent pale bars of elytra. (To be continued.) THE INSECT COLLECTIONS OF CANADA. COLLECTION OF MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA, OWNED BY F. H. WotLEy Dop, Mipnapore, ALTA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD. The collection consists of about twenty-five to thirty thousand. specimens. Of these, about three or four thousand are British, with a few other European and some Asiatic examples. These, with July 1917 a so ee ee ee a re re ey Cee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 241 very few exceptions, are kept together in one cabinet. The bulk of the British collection was formed during the owner's schoolboy days, _ over twenty years ago. Special attention has always been given to the Lepidoptera of Alberta, and allied species have been acquired from time to time from other parts of the continent in order to get a better undérstanding of local forms. But a chief specialty has now long been made. of the Noctuide of North America, which comprise by far the greater portion of the collection. Very _ many of these have been obtained by purchase or exchange. _ large and very well lighted. The presence of a good light is most desirable for making critical studies, the absence of it giving rise _to false conceptions. The collection itself is contained partly in _ cabinets, and partly in wooden store boxes. The drawers of the largest cabinets measure about eighteen inches wide, and about twenty-four from front to back. Such a large size has many ad- vantages, especially for long series, but has been found rather unwieldy and awkward in practice. About seventeen or eighteen inches square seems more generally serviceable. About half the boxes 4 are twelve inches by twenty, and double-sided; that is, each box contains usable space of twenty-three by nearly nineteen inches. _ These have considerable advantages over large cabinet drawers __ by reason of their lightness, though flat drawers, if not too heavy _ are actually safer. The smallest boxes are ten inches square and single-sided. The paper, or occasionally the bare cork, as well as the sides zine and gelatine, applied hot. This, besides being an excellent _ way of renovating a stained or dirty box, increases the whiteness _ of even the best new paper, and greatly improves the light. ~ The greater part of the Noctuidae were recently re-arranged, ; b= Sir George Hampson’s generic names being used, with occasional ‘slight alterations in the sequence for greater convenience and = economy of box room. But the order of species in many of the _ genera is more in accordance with the owner’s own conception of relationship. Hampson’s specific names have also been used, with _ certain changes deemed necessary. The specimens are in double Ng rows, males being placed on the left of a column, and females on The room in which the collection is kept is comparatively - _ of the cases, are first covered with a paint consisting of oxide of — ~ 242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the right, whenever the sexes are fairly well divided or wher economy of space is not important. But when one sex largel to the left of the centre of the female row to attract attention re 4 the fact that they were not females. This still leaves room for — the subsequent insertion of a few of either sex without lengthening the column. It has been usual to arrange a species in groups by — localities, the sex arrangement being adhered to. In the case of a long series from one locality, some scheme of more or less con- tinuous variation is often followed, say from light to dark, those of opposite sexes which most closely resemble one another bein; kept side by side. It may be observed that such an arrangemen leaves frequent blanks in one or other of the rows, giving a very asymmetrical appearance, and in fact is not a paragon of neatness. — But the collection is intended essentially for study, and though me ness are primarily considered. Some of the smallest. species are _ ; arranged three or four rows in a column instead of two. In some quisition in the near future, and also, unfortunately, in some especially, to the space available, and the length of the s already possessed. The size of spaces left for extension of s ; is regulated for the most part by the degree of variation. Toa some cases have far more blanks than specimens, as a matter ¢ of = fact the collection as a whole is much more crowded than was first intended, and there is occasionally little or no room for e& af tension. The columns also are too close together. All cases are _ of course, kept well supplied with naphthaline. is as As very close attention is paid to variation, long series of the — more variable species are kept, there being in one or two instances as _ many as two hundred and fifty, and that number is considered far THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 243° .. from adequate. The species name is placed at the bottom of each - column as well as at the end of the series or of the space left for ex- ~-tension. Each label has the name in brackets except the last of = these. Reference has sometimes to be given to a continuation of a _ series in some extra box not in the sequence. Series consist of "specimens picked to show the variation as much as possible. It _ has always been the custom, at the end of a season’s collecting, _ to carefully examine all the new material in each species. taken, and to pick out examples showing modifications not yet in the ~ series, and relax, set and install them. Owing to lack of time in the summer very few things are set fresh. Unfortunately there are as yet very few early stages represented. Each drawer or box has an outside label on the front, on which they are numbered consecutively, with the names of all the genera contained therein, and when a genus is not all in one case, with some indication of __ the included species or group. Extreme accuracy of data is at- ~ tempted. The locality of personally or -locally collected speci- _ mens is, as a rule, indicated by means of two labels on the trans- fixing pin. The uppermost of these gives the general locality and _ province, exact date when possible, and collector’s name, though _ it has been a general custom to put the owner’s name to all ma- _ terial collected by one or two constant assistants in the immediate - district. This practice was to save extra trouble, but is not strictly in accordance with principles. A smaller label beneath this gives the more exact locality. Method of capture is agasionally in- dicated. Bred specimens are so marked, with “ex larva’’ or other stage, and food plant. Pairs taken in copula bear identify- ing labels. Specimens acquired from outside sources were formerly marked with collector’s name and from whom received, and date of receipt. Latterly all such material has been given a small label bearing the year of acquisition, and a number, corresponding to similar numbers in an “ Acquisition’? book, in which full details of the receipt are noted. For instance, “13-16”’ on a small, _ separate label beneath the locality label refers to a note in the book under the year 1913, and Acquisition No. 16. This note _ gives details of the transaction, whether purchased, exchanged, donated, etc., date of receipt, number and class of specimens, 244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST from whom received, general condition, and dither ‘details wor recording. The first lot received in the following year bear r ference label ‘‘14—-1.’’ This system is in use in many museums, notably at Washington and in British Museuni, aed has mea ad- vantages to commend it. The collection contains very few actual types, probably not more than a dozen, and fewer than a hundred co-types. But the next in value to types, and frequently, be it said, of far great value than co-types, are specimens personally compared wi types, co-types, with other important specimens, and with figur and descriptions. These specimens all bear extra explanatory labels, such as ‘“‘Xd male type* at Rutger’s College,’’ with brief indicati as to its concise points of difference, or ‘‘ =beta female type « Brooklyn, exactly,” or ‘‘ Alphadelta, agrees with fig. of type,” ete etc. Specimens submitted to experts are similarly labeled, ( red ink) with, reference to filed correspondence in corroboratic: Specimens of which figures have been published are also markec . Some specimens have been compared with two or more ae synonymic references thereby made or confirmed. Z In addition to the above “authenticity” pin-labels, ain card labels are placed at the side of these specimens so that they — may be found quickly. These are more brief, and the most i portant ones are on tinted card, to catch the eye. For se a small, red-tinted label beside a specimen in the series of Euxe catenula Grt., ‘“Xd type, and contagionis Smith Xd type,” wou indicate the one by comparison of which with both types the ference of contagionis to catenula had been made. Varieties not often separated or indicated as such, but merely by a sim side label bearing the name under which the form was descrik whether actually compared or not; e.g., under Monima | it (Teniocampa alia of our lists) would be a large species na label, ‘‘hibisct Gn.;’ at the foot of each column, and each bracketed except the last: At the side of one specimen migh a small label ‘“‘quinguefasciata Sm.,"’ which is considered a va tion. In this particular case an “Xd type” or “Xd deseriptic specimen is probably referred to, though a specimen thus indi *The author uses a private symbol a’, enclosed in a circle, to indies type, and 9, enclosed in a circle, for female type. ~ . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 245 * ‘does not always bear an authenticity label. Against another might be “‘Jatirena Dod”’ indicating one of a geographical race, and another ‘‘malora Smith.’ The status of such names, and of others, as decided upon by the owner, is explained in note-books and a - card index. A brief note is sometimes placed at the bottom of a series, perhaps referring for comparison to some other species and box. Points for future investigation are thus kept in mind. : By no means the least valuable accessory to the collection is a series of MSS books containing critical notes. All those concerning North American species are indexed in a Smith’s 1903 Check List, species described since its publication being entered at intervals. That was the system primarily adopted, and still adhered to, though the notes are now also indexed on a card index referred to below. They consist largely of records of impressions gained from inspection and studies of sundry other collections, and include notes on all types seen, as well as details - concerning comparisons made with them, and any other facts about ~ collections or specimens examined deemed worthy of note. There are a large number of entries concerning careful comparisons of Hamp- _-son’s published figures with the types or other specimens from which they were taken, detailing any discrepancies in reproduction. A considerable quantity of discovered synonymy, and corrections of errors in identification by other authors ate therein noted, which have not yet been published. Nearly all except the earliest notes bear dates of origin, and the same applies to those on the pin- _- labels. Needless to say, of several notes taken of the same type on different occasions, where inconsistencies appear, those of the later dates carry most weight, being the result of a closer acquaint- ance and better knowledge. These MSS books are primarily for the author’s own guidance and instruction, and, it must be confessed, are scarcely a model of calligraphy. ‘Another very useful accessory is a Card Index, containing ‘between four and five thousand cards, dealing almost exclusively with Noctuidae. A card is allowed for each specific or varietal name ever published of North American species included in Hamp- _ son’s catalogue from vols. IV to XIII. On the cards are entered: The name and its author, at the top. Reference to original description and date. 246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Reference to the more important publications such as Hamp- S. Re son’s and Smith’s catalogues, monographs, and to figures, a stating in each cases the genus to which the name has been _ ri variously referred, and dates of the publications. ae a Important synonymic references. At the bottom of the card, if the name stands as the prior one for a species, all the later names are given, with authors and a : dates,numbered in order of priority, those that stand for recognizable — variations being so indicated. Or, if a synonym or variety, the first 3 ee name only af the species is referred to, e. g., “‘ =alpha Sm., 1891% <3 = or “ =var. of alpha Sm., 1891,” the authority for such references. a being elsewhere given on the card. Since, as before mentioned, e: each synonym or variety has a card to itself, a few species have twenty or more cards.. A certain European Tortrix would re-— 2 quire nearly seventy, allowing only one for each name. When — space fails, another card has to be added, and the fact indicated — -at the top of each. At the top corners of the card are given: Reference to the page in note-books where the form is dealt = with. 3 Reference to the number of the slide on ‘Roles genitalia have 3 been mounted. _ Reference, when thought desirable, to the drawer or box con: taining the species in the collection. On the reverse side of the card is given the sex, ‘acaiien angi | present location of each known type and co-type, together with the number, sexes, and localities mentioned in the original descrip- tion. A great deal of time has been spent in preparing this index, ig which has obviated more congenial work, but it has proved to be of the highest value and utility, as entire knowledge of literature with little trusted to memory alone. ; There is also a full MSS. list of the N. American Noctuidae, | Hampson’s order and names, but revised to correspond with the arrangement in the collection. The recent synonymy only given, original or otherwise, and all names which are consider to refer to recognizable varieties are entered as such. This list THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 247 _ marked off according to box numbers, so that immediate reference can easily be made directly to any series. ey 5) A beginning has been made of the study of genitalia, and about _ six or eight hundred most excellent mounts have so far been pre- — pared by Mr. W. H. T. Tams. Where material and time have _ permitted, several mounts of a species have usually been prepared from one locality, and where variation has been noticed or sus- ected, more have been made from different localities. As many 4 as four are sometimes put upon one slide, and each mount is num- bered to correspond with one on the specimen from which it was taken. These bear the usual data, and are carefully preserved, _ being in many cases installed in the general collection, and their _ position indicated by a special symbol at the side. The slides are numbered consecutively, and a catalogue is kept of them, in which brief, critical notes are entered. This study entails the sacrifice : of the abdomens of .the specimens. Poor, if recognizable, speci- : mens have been used by preference, but when such details of com- _ parison were thought to be of extreme value, good specimens have _ often been used, even of rare species. It is confidently believed that the partial spoiling of a certain number of specimens is a - means fully justified by the end in view,which is the ultimate bet- _ ter understanding of a department of entomological study about _ which, whilst much has been written and suggested, a very great _ deal yet remains to be discovered. So far as the author has at _ present investigated, much valuable evidence, sometimes quite - unexpected, has been acquired. And though it is by no means _ proposed to accept all previously published notes and figures made by others or the subject as unimpeachable evidence in favour of claims made therefor, certain facts brought to light speak for _ themselves in such a way as to remove all doubt which may have existed as to the extreme value of the study, if carefully and in- telligently followed, as an aid to the elucidation of various obscure _ problems of relationship. Perhaps the most regrettable want in connection with the collection is a good library.. This contains very few publications _ of an earlier date than 1890, and scarcely any European literature, none of the earlier authors. 248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The author takes great sheen in naming North Americar in Noctuide and preparing critical notes for other students, and ex: s changing views. The work is found to be self-instructive, as well — as useful to others. All material received is studied very closely 54 ‘and anything doubtful compared with series and notes. The © Card Index is resorted to in this connection. Everything is always — returned unless special leave is given for retention. There area — large number of duplicates for distribution, consisting for the most part of Noctuidz, principally unset. All Macro-Lepidoptera from Alberta or vicinity are desirable, and Noctuide (only) of N. — America or Europe, and some Asiatic. When at home the. owner — derives great pleasure from showing the collection to any ento- 7 mological visitors who are genuinely interested. s ~RECORDS OF EUROPEAN MIRIDA= OCCURRING IN ~ NORTH AMERICA. (HEMIPTERA, MIRIDA). | BY HARRY H. KNIGHT, ITHACA, NEW YORK.* The writer desires to submit some definite data on the occ rence “of certain species of Miridae common to Europe and now known from North America. There are here recorded three species" new to our fauna, and definite records are given of three othe which are of particular interest. In conclusion the writer gives his findings on certain species supposed to occur and that ip- parently do not. Subfamily PHyLinaz. Tribe PHYLINI. Microsynamma bohemani Fallen. re: 16 # 9, June 27, 1916, Honeoye Falls, N. Y. (H. H. Knight ms 2, June 22, 1914, Rochester Junction, N. Y.; @ 2 9’s, June % 6, 1915, Honeoye Falls, N. Y. (M. D. Fecuardys 9, July 27, 1913, Callicoon, N. Y. (Wm. T. Davis). o&, Aug. 9, Spruce Brook Newfoundland, (Chas. Schaeffer). 7% 9, Fort Collins, _ (U. S. National Museum). This species is apparently well distributed in the Ea United States, having been reported before, but rather Mr. Van Duzee has failed to recognize it in his recent ¢ of the Hemiptera, and previously in his tables to the ile Miride. The writer has compared our specimens of this s ae from the Department of Entomology of Cornell Univ uly, 191 A THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 249 _ with European forms of bohemani determined by Reuter, and finds them to be identical. At Honeoye Falls, N. Y., the species was found breeding on ornamental willows, growing in a commercial nursery. Doubtless the insect was in this case imported from Europe in the egg stage on the nursery stock. One specimen from Colorado has the hemelytra entirely pale, but the form of the insect is distinctive. if Subfamily ORTHOTYLIN2. Tribe HALTICINI. _ Orthocephalus mutabilis Fallen. __ Specimens of this species were taken by Mr. C. W. Woods, July 2, 1913, Orono, Maine. Mr. Woods reports finding the species on wild daisies and only in one field. The writer has com- pared two male specimens with European representatives of O. mutabilis determined by Reuter, and finds them identical in struc- _ ture of the genital claspers as well as colour. O. mutabilis Fallen _ is easily distinguished from O. saltator Hahn by the pale or yellowish _ inner half of the clavus and the black tibie. The writer has not seen a specimen of saltator collected from North America. Pro- _ vancher (1886) records O. saltator from Canada, and his description _ fits that species very well. Mr. Van Duzee (Can. Ent., 44: 322), in reviewing the Provancher collection of Hemiptera, states: “136. Orthocephalus saltator Hahn. A Capsid new to me but certainly _ not the European saliator Hahn.” If O. saltator Hahn has been _ taken in North America the writer would appreciate having the | matter brought to his attention. Mr. Van Duzee in his recent tables to the genera of Miridaz left out the genus Orthocephalus for want of material from this continent. Halticus apterus Linnzus. The writer has seen only one specimen of this species taken. _ in North America, and that was received from Mr. H. M. Parshley _ who will shortly publish the record from the New England States. This specimen was compared with European material at the U. S. National Museum and found to be identical. : Halticus citri Ashmead, which is our most common species, __ has in the past frequently been labeled apterus. It appears under 250 % THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ° ; < _ 3 three names in the Uhler collection and in the U. S. Nation Museum collection. Halticus apterus is easily recognized by t tl large, robust, convex form, the black and very shining dorst ni’ without the golden scale-like pubescence. = Subfamily ORTHOTYLIN. Tribe ORTHOTYLINI. Cyrtorrhinus caricis Fallen. 4 . 12 # Q, Sept. 10-17, Rockaway Beach, Long idand: N. (H. Ruckes). o& 2 9’s, Sept. 5-10, Sea Cliff, N.Y. (Nathan — Banks). 9, Sept. 30, Lakehurst, New Jersey, (H. G. Bont a This species adds another to our fauna of those well in Europe. In the past Uhler had placed his Orthotylus maroin as a Cyrtorrhinus, but to date no species from this eas! been allowed to remain in that genus. The writer has y over all the literature on Cyrtorrhinus caricis Fallen and finds material here recorded agrees with that species in every resp The small size, rounded black head with two pale spots on vertex, black thorax and scutellum, pale legs, clavus and inne! half of the corium fuscous with the embolium and outer half of corium pale greenish, will serve to distinguish the species at o ne ce Saundgrs (British Heteroptera, p. 283) records the_ speci¢ from ‘‘amongst rushes,” and judging from the Long Island | cality records the species will probably be found breeding on | a or other plants in the Cyperacee. Heterotoma merioptera Scopoli, 2, Aug. 5, 1915, Honeoye Falls, New York, (M. D. Leona This interesting addition to our fauna was taken by Mr. Leo ob d on the land of one of the large importing nursery firms sil ate at Honeoye Falls, N. Y. It has doubtless. been introduced i in t nursery stock shipments or in the packing that comes around th stock. In this way we have got and will probably continue import insects that deposit their eggs in the stems of various p Saunders (British Heteroptera, p. 295) gives a eons of the species which is easily recognized by the rugose c of the membrane and the inflated second antennal agianicel Ch writer has compared the above specimen with forms from Spa and England and finds it to be identical. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 251 — Subfamily MirINz&. Tribe MYRMECORINI, Pithanus maerkelii Herrick-Schaeffer. _ This interesting Mirid was first reported. from the United 7 _ States by Mr. C. E. Olsen (Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc.,10 : 34) who took specimens on Long Island, N.Y. A specimen was taken EB next at White Plains, N. Y., by Mr. Torre Bueno, and during the ‘past year the writer received a specimen from Mr. H. M. Parshley, collected at Eastport, Maine, by Mr. C. W. Johnson. : The writer took o’, 11 92’s, June 27, 1916, at Honeoye Falls, N. Y., and other specimens were taken at the same time by Mr. Wm. T. Davis who was present on the trip. The species was a _ swept from grasses growing along the edge of land set to nursery stock, and thus may have been imported locally at that place. ‘The writer took one female specimen which had fully developed wings, and this form is, according to Saunders (British Heteroptera, p. 219), “‘very rare.” Species of Doubtful occurrence in North America. The writer has recently completed a revision of the genus Lygus, and during, the course of researches on the material from North America came to the conclusion that the records of Lygus contaminatus Fallen, Lygus lucorwm Meyer, and. Lygus _ viridis Fallen, have been cited in error. In the case of Lygus viridis Reuter (1909), the writer was able to study one of the speci- mens and finds it to be different from the European viridis Fallen: having structural points of difference which will be shown in the forth- coming paper on Lygus. The writer has studied European speci- mens of the above species which were determined by Reuter, and are now to be found in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, The records of contaminatus and lucorum have doubtless been based on certain colour forms of Lygus apicalis which species has a wide distribution in North America. es Neobothynotus modestus Wirtner (Ent. News, 28 : 33, 34). The writer is unable after a careful study of the literature to - find generic points of difference between Neobothynotus Wirtner _ and Bothynotus Fieber. Furthermore, the description of J. _ modesius Wirtner does not appear to differ from the description r _ of Bothynotus pilosus Boheman, which species is well described by 252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Reuter (Hemip. Gym. Eur., V, p. 7) and Saunders (British Heterop- tera, p. 263). The writer strongly suspects, though regretfully, — that the above represents an importation of Bothynotus Pilesyy oa Boheman on some of the shrubbery in Col. Huff’s park.