« os ine ee een eee +%- + a8 Ry eo * s+ ¥ ‘ " eae Ns Mal WF .% ‘ ee Fas j= 7 5 5 > : - - : +9 9 Fis + as + Pg re x tite aPae "164 4 a eee ee ee ee SADE ESE ee “se ene douse Ce ee . “t+ ++ 9 42+ 4 Oe p+ S~e ee s 44 8-34 OGhe Canadian Entomologist VOLUME XLV IL. 1916. EDITED BY DRE MO WVALKER, Biological Department, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, TORONTO Editor Emeritus: REV. C. J. S. BETHUNE., ONTARIO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, GUELPH, ONT London, @ntario: The London Printing and Lithographing Company Limited 1916 ¢ LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS TO VOL. ARVIN. ALDRICH, PROF. J. M., U: S. Bureau of Entomology...............:00-200 WASHINGTON, D. C. ALEXANDER, DR. CHAS)P:, Cornell University. .........0..00.0cscseseceessesens ITHACA, N. Y. ALLARD, H. A., U. S. Dept. Agriculture........ stings adapetal tal canta tnt mea WASHINGTON, D. C. BAKER AYC.,"U. S.,Bureaw of EBtomologys. oec.2). 2. nscs¥acctonnescepherecsneeeae WASHINGTON, D. C. BAKER, A.W Ontario Agrictlturd! Colle gescc.iicicscres-sscbcacsssestecsbeeben GUELPH, ONT. BALL, E. D., Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Py een ee LOGAN, UTAH. BANKS, DR. NATHAN, Museum of Comparative Zoology................. CAMBRIDGE, MAss. BARNES, DR. WM.. SARS Tie Re a ey nem Ott ..DEcATUR, ILL. BETHUNE, REV. PROF. ron A ah area Agrictttural College........... GUELPH, ONT. BEWU TEN MULIEER, WM 13 ccsccsccecsbusesahuscecasenpasshabtnet tenes iste: Gpeeeia eae tegen te BRONX, N. Y. DRI PEDEEINURRY covsciccscncscecadoZosces auonsctanoso¥initaswhaetaaie aitean asa atmen ene EE ms Rye, N. Y. [BULAN TGS S 8 i) 2M GY TS RR aS er .... INDIANAPOLIS, IND. BRAUN, MISS ANNETTE F.. ....ccsvecss tee eae aes ...CINCINNATI, O. BRITTAIN, PROF. WM. H., College of Agriculture ... FRURO, N. S. BRUES; PROF. 'C. T., Bussey Institutions ancswaieeuateeetene ns euetacsisesteteas- Forest HILts, Mass. CAESAR, PROF. LAWSON, Ontario Agricultural College...................... GUELPH, ONT. CASEY , COT. THOS: Dba si. ccc..ccecsdecsocseaeeaeeapean tatnate tei aee se canteen seeds Pan WASHINGTON, D.C, COCKERELL, PROF. T. D. A., University of Golorado.......cccncesees cone BouLDER, COL. COCENS, DR. A., Parkdale Gollanate MTS HTCUE GE. cees. cess wovch ceccose hes .... TORONTO, ONT. CR:iDDLE, NORMAN, Dominion Entomological Pahowtsk seade gt etree TREESBANK, MAN. DEARNESS,: PROE, J OFUIN: cccetccy ceaveverss kisser nce ioettepaaies curren aee ...._LLONDON, ONT. POT) ES ELA WOT x. i cacs cosesonunoe sacs reovoreseee oF este tee comaaaoeh ee tah meee aes co eR nee MIDNAPORE, ALTA. DTG)". igs < SAR Sa ies eR ee See a pe nee Se REE orn ee AN Nn Om New York, N. Y. REIL DR BoF ty New. State Miser. o.52,...02..cx-cedeecsais oeeneneemeeae eine ALBANY, N. Y. RERRIS,; Go K., Stanford: Universrtyi...iyvss.cscssvasissctatactarsiscenoxebacatdesen verte STANFORD UNIV., CAL. FRENCH, G. H Pe ....CARBONDALE, ILL. BROS AG Ae erste acts FRAMINGHAM, Mass. : SaNgL Bt DES ign 02 OY Bel oo i i a, a en a a be pie a Bil kek Sy, OTTAWA, ONT. GIBSON, ARTHUR, Entomological Branch, Dept. Agriculture............. OTTAWA, ONT. GIBSON, EDMUND H., U. S. Bureau of Entomology.......................0005 WASHINGTON, D. C. GIRAULT, A. A., U. S. Bureau of Entomology A WASHINGTON, D. C. GOOD, C. A., College of Agriculture...................... Truro, N.S. GOODERHAM, C. H., College of Agriculture.................ccss:ceeseseeseee see L RURO, N. S. HEWITT, DR. C. GORDON, Entomological Branch, Dept. Agri......... OTTAWA, ONT. MOLLINGER. ‘A. H., University of MiSSOUED <..........ccceccescovesscroosenscanscseoved CoLumMBIA, Mo. BAO) TD 1s, Sspul dey. p OIOLOLICAL OULVGV... ecu sc scvaccectoveeseueatcksececesustcbibeonshsebaakes WASHINGTON, D. C. RON Gets ba Foe ee ecy BACLO ELADOLALOLY, sxcsashes-ougo-accdr sceeactsecsoupeaupesthgesegenuacee pnoee BaTAviA, N. Y. MCDUNNOUGH GOR. Jin .cc.cccevsapcapetectenes isi oy DeEcATuR, ILL. INE GURCRDS, URN 195, Ji, AS oc. .gueudeanvunscecty anussabedes Fa. in PETERBOROUGH, ONT. NEEDHAM, PROF. J. G., Connell University on IrTnHaca, N. Y. PARKER, RRs, State Board of Entomology cc.j.ccciccccsseasessnshsctapersessctvapanee BozEMAN, Mont. ROHWER, SA.) U.S. Bureaiof Entomology. snk .sstaccsiescttesdearetctbeactyese WASHINGTON, D. C. ROSS, W. A., Dominion Entomological Laboratory.........0.......0cc:ccccececeeee VINELAND STATION, ONT. SCADEN? Fav. L.,) Central Experimental Partin. )55i.sct.cccerscconsstscsnoassreeeas Ottawa, ONT. SMITH, MISS LUCY W., Cornell University icc cs scscassececseacscoves-soceoceesnace ITHaca, N. Y. Ser td tv toa, Co LeTSO BN COME RE. ccscs: os, ccctoscecahireseee aveasateaneaekteeeseascomrteahl CLEMSON COLLEGE, S. C. SWAINE, J. M., Entomological Branch, Dept. Apueuisire. oe OTTAWA, ONT. SVE T COM TS WS ore, arts eokcvarencateeshv.acTee RIN RS, 0 ea keene nated se WEsT SOMERVILLE, Mass. THEOBALD, PROF. F. V., University of London................c:ccccceseeesseeoees LONDON, ENG. TIMBERLAKE, P. H., U.S. Bureau of Entomology.................ccscecceseeee WASHINGTON, D. C. TOWNSEND, CHAS. H. T., U. S. Bureau of Entomology..................++ WASHINGTON, D. C. VAIN GID OZ EBe IMS Ceara, 5 cacbabasig eo Naot casucnts svostepcanguorncdnbsdstends tetekuestunckeaanionaect BuFFALoO, N. Y. WALKER: EB. Mz University Gf Toronto... .crtieitese ney Sacsuvevssscodeaszecse teres TorONTO, ONT. WEISS, HARRY B., N. J Agricultural College...............ccsescessececeereeeasers NEw Brunswick, N. J. WO GNUIN'S AL, BBG RUT Boe eae ceaciec tact ian eae vn ceace Btev pcaedean erate nic cage eta RE WESTMOUNT, QUE. Can. Ent., VoLt. XLVIII. PLATE I HENRY HOLMES: CREOPI, B.C Lk. C.S. President of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 1863-4; 1868-71. G he aunatltary Entomologist VoL. XLVIIT. LONDON, JANUARY, 1916 No. 1 PROERESSOR TH. ~H CROFT. D:C-b. A most interesting memoir of the first President of the Entomo- logical Society of Ontario, by Mr. John King, K.C., has reeently been published by the Macmillan Company of Toronto.* Through the kindness of the publishers we are enabled to present to our readers an excellent portrait of one of the pioneers in Canadian Entomology, who was largely instrumental in founding the Society. Henry Holmes Croft was born in London, England, in 1820; his first schoolmasters were French and Spanish refugees from the great Napoleonic wars, who strove to make a precarious living by teaching boys in their city of refuge. From them he passed on to | Tavistock House, where he received an excellent training and the foundation of a sound education. During this period, while still @ mere lad, he manifested a great taste for chemistry and carried on experiments in a small closet under the kitchen stairway in his father’s house, much ta the annoyance and disgust of the members of the family, who showed no appreciation of a science which seemed to produce only alarming explosions and abominable smells. After leaving school he spent a year in the office of his father, who was Deputy Paymaster-General in the Ordnance Department, then situated in the Tower of London. With him and an elder brother he walked to the Tower and back, eight miles each way, morning and evening throughout the week, and by this means acquired vigorous health and a robust constitution which con- tinued through life. Office work was by no means congenial, and the heart of the youth was in his little den under the stairs. By the advice of Professor Faraday, whom his father consulted, he was sent to study chemistry at the University of Berlin. He did not, however, confine his attention to this subject, but took courses of study in biology, physics, anatomy and physiology, geology and kindred sciences, and became greatly interested in entomology. * McCaul; Croft: Forneri; Personalities of Early University Days. By John King, M.A., K.C. The Macmillan Company, St. Martin’s House, Bond Street, Toronto. -(Price $1.25). aS Sn \\be | 2 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST After three and a half years of steady work, he left the University with every distinction that a student could desire and returned to England in the autumn of 1841. In the spring of the following year the University of King’s College, Toronto, was being organized, the selection of a staff being placed in the hands of the Governor-General, Sir Charles Bagot. A number of eminent scientific men in England, including Professor Faraday, were consulted, and they one and all recom- mended in the highest terms young Croft for the chair of Chemistry and Experimental Philosophy. He was then but two and twenty years of age. In January, 18438, Professor Croft arrived in Toronto and at once entered upon his new duties, which he discharged for thirty- six years with the utmost devotion and unqualified success. It would be out of place to refer to the bitter controversies over University matters that raged for many years in Toronto, and in which Professor Croft took an active and influential part. The abolition of King’s College and the establishment of the University of Toronto and University College are matters of Canadian history. In the former Professor Croft became Vice- Chancellor in 1849 and ex-officio a member of the University Senate; he was also a member of the College Council, and in both these governing bodies he was zealously interested and exercised important influence. ‘In the lecture room’’—to quote from the volume referred to above—‘‘he was an admirable expositor and a happy and dexterous demonstrator. Like all good teachers of a rapidly-advancing science, he made his pupils eager for more than he gave them. In a far wider sphere than his lecture-room he, more than any other teacher in Canada, simplified and legitimately popularized chemistry, and he may be said to have laid the foundation of our educational system of practical chemistry and the admirable methods of illustration in chemical research and analysis.”’ He did not, however, confine his energies to the laboratory ‘and lecture-room, but took an active interest in many organizations of public importance. He was a leading member of the local agricultural and_ horticultural societies, and repeatedly drew attention to the intimate relation which chemistry bears to the practical work of both departments. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3 In. Entomology he was especially interested and formed a collection of Coleoptera of the Province, and it was through his interest in this branch of natural history that attracted the writer to him and that led to a warm friendship. My first acquaintance with him was made in 1858 at meetings of the Canadian Institute which I attended as a junior member when a student at Trinity College. Professor Croft treated me with the utmost kindness and helped and encouraged me greatly in the study of Entomology. Through him also I came to know the late Dr. William Saunders, Director of the Experimental Farms of the Dominion, who was a _ life-long and deeply esteemed friend. In 1862 our devotion to the collection and study of insects arose to such a height that we thought the time had come for drawing together all those in Canada who were of similar tastes and forming a society for mutual help and encouragement. Professor Croft warmly approved of the scheme and, through his influence and that of his colleague, Professor Hincks of the Botanical Depart- ment, the Society was duly launched in the spring of 1863. The following account is given by Mr. King in his memoir :— ‘Professor Croft was very honourably identified with a Society which was brought into existence chiefly through his instrumen- tality, and whose laudable objects are closely associated with the progress of skilled husbandry everywhere, namely, the Entomo- logical Society of Ontario. He was the founder, or at least one of the founders, of this Society; the first meeting of its originators was held at his residence, and its present standing and widely acknowledged usefulness are largely due to his fostering care, warm advocacy, and powerful support. In disseminating informa- tion in regard to the insect pests of the agriculturist and horti- culturist, as well as to insects friendly to their products, the Society has performed a work of vital service. Its admirable collections at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876, comprising 86 cases filled with thousands of specimens carefully classified and named, attracted universal attention, and were far in advance of any other exhibit of the kind in the whole Exhibition. The eco- nomic worth of such collections can be estimated only by those who have given some attention to the subject; they form a ground- work upon which may be built up observations of great value, and 4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST me eee must have the effect of stimulating intelligent research in this important department of natural science.” “Within comparatively recent years the bounty of the Govern- ment has greatly assisted the operations of this Society. Its periodical publications, ranging over many years, contain a vast amount of original matter, recording valuable observations of a most instructive character on insects in all parts of Canada. These publications have been much sought after, both in Europe and America; some of the early numbers have been reprinted in order to meet the demand, and complete sets of the Society’s works are now found in many prominent scientific libraries on both conti- nents ”’ This quotation from the work of a barrister, who is not partic- ularly interested in natural science, is highly appreciated testimony to the usefulness and value of the Society which Professor Croft was largely instrumental in found ng. Another Society which owed much in its origin and early years to the fostering care and enthusiastic support of Professor Croft, one of its founders, is the Canadian Institute of Toronto, now by warrant of His Majesty King George entitled to the prefix of Royal. Twice Professor Croft was elected President and for a long series of years he was a member of its Council and regular attendant at its meetings. Its periodical, ‘‘ The Canadian Journal,” received many contributions on chemical subjects from his pen. He was not, however, a voluminous writer, and it is much to be regretted that his stores of experience and research were not rendered available to students in a permanent form. His work on Analytical Chemistry for the use of students in Arts and Medicine was long employed as a text-book, and was an evidence of what he might have done in the field of scientific authorship, had he been so inclined. In these days of terrible war it is interesting to know that Professor Croft took an active part in the formation of the Cana- dian Volunteer force, which was brought into being during the winter of 1861-62, when there seemed to be imminent danger of an armed conflict between this country and the United States ~in consequénce of the ‘‘Trent affair.” Professor Croft called a — meeting of students and ex-students at the University and excited THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3) the large gathering by a rousing speech to form an active rifle corps. He was at once elected Captain and the ranks were speedily filled. ‘‘The University Rifle Corps”’ was firmly established and soon attained a high degree of efficiency. Subsequently it formed a part of the famous Queen’s Own Rifles of Toronto and bore a share in the engagement with the Fenians at Ridgeway in June, 1866, when three of its undergraduate members were killed and several wounded. ; Years went by, each one filled with steady work and each adding to the esteem in which the Professor was held by many successive generations of students and by the public at large. At length, his health began to fail and the strong, vigorous man found that he could no longer sustain the burden of his University work, and that the time had come for his retirement. In 1879 he resigned the Professorship that he had so long and so ably filled, and removed with his family to Las Hermanitas, near San Diego, in Texas. There he spent a few pleasant years of rest and quiet and died on March. Ist, 1883. Seven years later a Protestant Episcopal Church was erected in San Diego by his children and dedicated to his memory and that of their mother. “At the Uni- versity of Toronto his name is commemorated by the portrait in the Senate Chamber (from which our photograph is taken) and the beautiful round building now known as‘' The Croft Chapter House,”’ which for many years was his laboratory and the centre of his work. In the words of his biographer, ‘It was there that his hundreds of students were initiated into the mysteries of his favourite science, and learned those lessons of patient enquiry and minute observation which are invaluable in the lifework of every man. Those who in times past were his pupils and found delight in his scientific investigations will not soon forget his enthusiastic zeal, his enlarged acquaintance with the literature of his department, his kindly interest in all amongst his friends and followers who manifested a regard for his favourite studies.” “He retired from his field of work with a consciousness of duty well done, and with the gratitude which is certain to follow one who, after a long term of public service, has finished a work which has been carried on with conscientious fidelity and far-reaching success.” C. J. S. BETHUNE. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST for) POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. HELIOTROPISM IN BUTTERFLIES; OR, TURNING TOWARDS THE SUN, BY ALBERT F. WINN, WESTMOUNT, QUE. Those who have read Dr. G. B. Longstaff’s book, ‘“ Butterfly Hunting in Many Lands,”’ have enjoyed his accounts of the peculiar habit that some species of butterflies have of carefully adjusting themselves to a certain position when they settle. Most of us will recall similar instances, such as our common Sulphur, Colias philodice, which is often seen in great numbers near puddles of rain water along country roads, resting with the wings closed over the back frequently leaning over at an angle of 45° to even 30° to the ground; or the Vanessas and Graptas alighting on a fence or tree trunk only to immediately shift the position of the body to one perhaps at right angles to what it had been or even exactly reversing the direction in which the head pointed. But until attention was called to it as a phenomenon of which an explanation was desired, it has been generally passed by as being an everyday occurrence, without any effort being made to try to find out why the insect should act so, or to keep accurate notes on exactly what the re- spective positions were, as well as the position of the sun, direction of the wind, temperature and nature of the object settled on. A theory of Dr. Longstaff is, that in assuming a position in- clined sideways the butterflies more easily escape detection, as the shadow is reduced to a minimum. This may be the true explana- tion in the case of the insects which Dr. Longstaff hasseen and studied in his extensive travels, and we do not wish to imply or express the slightest doubt on his interesting conclusions, but only to call attention to a subject that has been little written about in the life- histories and habits of our Canadian butterflies, and careful observa- tions may prove valuable as well as being interesting to the student of nature. So far as Colias philodice is concerned, this orientation, as it is termed, was referred to in an article in one of the early volumes of this journal by Wm. Couper—“‘A Dissertation on Northern Butter- flies’’ (Vol. VI, p. 92). He says: ‘‘When it alights on a flower, instead of being erect on its feet, it lies sideways, as if to receive the warmth of the sun.’’ The same idea has been maintained by January, 1916. = é THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Major Tulloch, F.E.S., in regard to Catopsilia pomona in Hong Kong (Ent. XLVI, 205), but it would seem that neither the shorten- ing of the shadow nor the obtaining of warmth will explain all there is to be learned. Unless my memory serves me badly, I can recall patches of roadside where Colias philodice had congregated in dozens, many of them resting with their wings at a decided angle, and they were not at all agreed as to the direction of the body; some had the body at right angles to the sun’s rays, others with the tail towardsthesun, others again intermediate. So the shadows would be all sorts of sizes and shapes, besides which it seems to require explanation how a number of shadows on a dusty or muddy road would add to the conspicuousness of these sulphur butterflies, so bright and attractive are they when they collect in little flocks, some members of which are constantly fluttering about. Of course, we can only judge this from their appearance to the human eye; what natural enemies they fear is another matter. My own observations being confined to a robber fly (Asilid@) catching one on the wing, and another being gobbled up bya big toad, this latter victim was leaning over, and many others within a few inches were erect. The idea of warmth being sought seems to fail in that some of the hottest days appear to be favourable for leaning over, and one flock will be found for the most part leaning over, while in another perhaps only a few feet away they will all be erect, while on cool days, though bright, none may be at an angle. It seems that a combination of circumstances is often involved, and that perhaps the brightness of the midsummer sun full face is too great and makes many of them prefer to turn their profile towards it. The direction of the wind, if strong, may also affect them to some extent, so also may the direction of the road, for many of the roads loved by the sulphur butterflies are full of ruts and ridges made by cart and carriage wheels, and a butterfly settling on such a ridge longitudinally must either stretch out the three legs on one side more than the other three or he would in- evitably lean over. When resting on flowers, say thistle, their heads cerfainly point in all sorts of directions; but those that are feeding should be noted separately from those that are not, for an insect will do all sorts of gymnastics to get its dinner, and the same remark should apply to flocks about damp patches on the 8 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. roads, and very careful attention is necessary to see whether the tongues are in active use. Now, let us look at the Graptas and Vanessas. Dr. Longstaff quotes the following from Parker (Mark Anniv. Vol., p. 453-469). “Vanessa antiopa and the Graptas settle with their wings full expanded and adjust their position so that the axis of the body is parallel to the sun’s rays with head turned away from the sun.”’. One spring afternoon I was in a grove near Montreal and noticed many insects about a large maple tree, whose sap was flowing freely from wounds made by real estate subdivision “‘artists.” On the western side in the sunlight were several Vanessa antiopa and one Grapta progne all settled with wings wide open, while on the shady side were a larger number of V. antiopa and three or four Grapta j-album all with their wings closed over their backs. On another occasion, this time in August, sugared patches on my fences were attractive to butterflies. A post on the east side was in the full glare of the sun at 2 o'clock, and an antiopa and a Pyrameis atalanta kept settling on the sweetened place—curiously the antiopa always approached the patch from above and settled head downwards, while atalanta flew upwards and settled head up, and both kept the wings expanded. On the opposite side of the garden, which, of course, was in the shade, another antliopa settled head up and kept the wings tightly closed. While on my holidays a couple of years ago at North Hero, Vermont, a capital chance was afforded to watch a male Grapta comma. It was a particularly hot, cloudless day, and the only comfortable place was in the lake, and the whole morning was spent at the beach. When we beached our boat, the butterfly was there to meet us, just fluttering a little way aside to let us pass across the beach to disrobe. After a lengthy dip, I had to wait a - considerable time before my son could be persuaded that he had enough, and, for want of something better to do, I lay down in the shade of the boat and watched the butterfly, which continued to fly about, always within a radius of perhaps 10 yards, and this is what he did:— lst—Settled on the sand, head towards the north, closed wings over back, and inclined at an angle of about 60° with the ground, the tips of wings towards the west. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 9 2nd—Settled on sand, head towards south, held wings out flat, shifted slightly so head pointed towards southwest. 3rd—Settled head towards west, wings closed and perpen- dicular. 4th—Same position as No. 1, but did not orient. 5th—Settled on sand, head towards west, then shifted towards northwest, raising up body as if pitching forward, the wings closed and vertical. 6th—Settled on a log, head towards north, wings closed and vertical, remaining in full sunshine for at least 10 minutes, and was only disturbed when touched with an oar. 7th—Returned to exactly same spot on log, head northward, wings outstretched. 8th—On sand, head towards west, wings closed and slightly leaning over towards south. 9th—On the body of a small dead rock bass, head north, wings closed, then opened out flat and turned around facing south and walked to the head of fish and apparently inserted its tongue into the eye-socket of the bass. 10th—On the bow of boat, in the shade, wings closed, pointing northwest, head downward; had to be stirred up. 11th—Settled on sand, wings outstretched, head towards west. The arrival of a large motor-boat with a cargo of very hilarious week-enders put an end to a peaceful aspect of nature, and we left G. comma on the shore and rowed home for our dinner. The results of watching the habits of one single butterfly in one hour of its existence shows next to nothing as might be expected. It requires a lengthy study of the combined efforts of students of nature in many localities and different seasons and conditions to arrive at an adequate understanding of the reasons a creature has for its actions. One point worthy of mention is that in no case did it remain directly facing the sun, and incidentally also the wind which was (as is customary on Lake Champlain) south, except when on the dead bass. It may also be worth mentioning that the beach was strewed with dead fish, bass, perch and pickerel, and the sand, though dry and warm on top, was doubtless permeated with decomposed fish, and the butterfly, on settling in the sand, may have inserted the tongue down to where there was moisture of a flavour, suited to its taste. 10 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. NOTES ON SMICRONYX WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF A NEW SPECIES AND A NEW VARIETY. BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. Among some specimens of Smicronyx sent me about a year ago by Col. Thos. L. Casey, of Washington, D. C., was one bearing the label, ‘'S. vestitus Lec. from Indiana.’ This species was de- scribed by LeConte* from a single Kansas specimen. A com- parison of Col. Casey’s specimen with the type in the LeConte collection at Cambridge shows the latter to be much larger and more robust, with head, beak and thorax wholly black, elytra dull reddish; scales large, close-set and evenly distributed; thorax’ wider than long; elytra with distinct, coarse inclined sete. Le- Conte gives its form, colour and vestiture as: “‘ Rather robust, con- vex, black very densely clothed with grayish and yellowish broadly oval scales; antenne and legs ferruginous brown.”’ He states that the intervals are flat, each with a row of whitish hairs, and gives the length as 2.75 mm., all of which characters agree with his Kansas type. Both Col. Casey and Dr. Dietz have misinterpreted LeConte’s species, as neither one had the type before him when describing the species they call vestitus in their papers on the » genus,t and Dietz, loc. cit., p. 160, criticizes Dr. LeConte’s de- scription as ‘‘defective and misleading, as the terms ‘robust’ and ‘prothorax densely and coarsely punctured’ do not apply here, nor is any reference made to the reddish colour of the elytra.” Since the species they called vestitus is evidently undescribed, I have prepared the following description from the specimen sent me by Col. Casey and from others labelled “‘vestitus’’ by Dietz, and now in his collection at Cambridge: Smicronyx caseyi, sp. nov. Elongate-oval, slender. Head, thorax, suture of elytra and under surface black; beak, antenna, legs, apex of thorax and elytra except suture pale reddish-brown; above sparsely clothed with * Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., XV, 1876, 172. : + Casey, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., VI, 1892, 393; Dietz, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc., XXI, 1894, 159. January, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 11 oblong white scales, condensed on sides of thorax and in irregular patches on sides of elytra, elsewhere very unevenly scattered; under surface densely clothed with larger, rounded, concave white scales. Beak of male scarcely as long as head and thorax, feebly curved, finely striate, scaly and densely punctate on basal half, naked and more finely punctate toward apex; of female half as long as elytra, smooth, cylindrical, slightly scaly near base. Antenne in male inserted at apical third, second joint of funicle half the length of first, scarcely longer than third; of female inserted behind the middle, second joint as long as the next two. Thorax slightly longer than wide, sides feebly rounded, disc slightly constricted near apex, rather densely and finely punctate. Elytra one-half wider and three times as long.as thorax, sides parallel to apical third, then rapidly converging to a subacute apex; stric fine, indistinctly punctate; intervals feebly convex, minutely transversely rugose, their setae almost invisible. . Length’ 2 mm. The range of caseyi (vestitus Casey and Dietz nec. LeConte) ~is given as Kansas, Dakota, Colorado and Montana, and it is possible that the specimen donated by Casey is as wrongly labeled as to locality as it is toname. Named in honor of Col. T. L. Casey. The species recognized by Dietz and in part by Casey as the Smicronyx corniculatus of Fahreus,t the type of which was from Pennsylvania, agrees fairly well with the original description except in the colour of the elytra, which was given as ‘‘nigra, griseo- tomentosa, fusco-nebulosa.”’ As with many other North American species described in Schonherr’s work, the types of which are now in Stockholm and therefore difficult of access, there has been much difference of opinion as to what form Fahrzeus had in hand. In the Cambridge collection are two species placed side by side, each bearing the label ‘“‘corniculatus Fahr.”’ in LeConte’s writing. One of these is what we now know as sculpticollis, the other as apionides, both described by Casey.. It was probably from the former that LeConte drew up the description (1876,173) in which he gave the colour as ‘‘dark brown, not very densely clothed with narrow small whitish and yellowish scales,’’ and the thorax as “much t Schon. Gen. et Spec. Curc., VII, Pt. II, 1843, 309. 12 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. rounded on the sides.’”’ Casey (1892, 391) combined LeConte’s squamulatus with the corniculatus as recognized by Dietz and his description is a composite of the two. Dietz (1894, 164) described a form as corniculatus, and then mentions-four varieties. These, as lettered in his collection at Cambridge, appear to be a, a small form of his nebulosus; c, the same as described by him as cornicu- latus; b, and d, the squamulatus of LeConte, of which Dietz’'s columbianus is a synonym. Until the type of Fahreus is studied by some American Coleopterist familiar with our species of Sii- cronyx, the name corniculatus may, as well as any other, be ascribed to the form so recognized by Dietz. .A study of the type of S. /anuginosus Dietz in the Horn collec- tion shows it to be a dwarf form (2 mm.) of corniculatus with the “conspicuous long, hair-like sete’? mentioned by Dietz visible only when viewed in profile, and then scarcely if any more obvious than those of corniculatus when similarly viewed. I consider it scarcely worthy a varietal name. As mentioned above, Smicronyx squamulatus LeConte (1876, 173) was treated by Casey as a synonym of corniculatus, which it closely resembles, but differs in the maculate elytra, paler antennz and distinct setse of both thorax and elytra. Dietz (1894, 177 mentions it as unknown to him, but “probably a variety of corni- culatus.’’ His types show, however, that he had described it (1894, 162) as S. columbianus, and also (p. 165) as varieties b and d of corniculatus. Smicronyx quadrifer texana, var. nov. Differs from quadrifer Casey in having the scales of upper surface mostly pale brown, the lateral stripes of thorax obsolete on apical third, the median one reaching only to basal third; elytral dark spot beginning at basal fourth instead of basal sixth, with a white line running from its front margin to base along the third intervals; each interval with a row of large, white, inclined scale-like setae, these absent on the median black spot. - One specimen from Brownsville, Texas; May 25. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —_ Co NEW LIFE HISTORIES AND NOTES IN PAPAIPEMA SM. (LEPIDOPTERA): BY HENRY BIRD, RYE, N. Y. (Continued from Vol. XLVII, p. 151). Papaipema nelita Strk. A recent examination of Strecker’s type reaffirms our early determination of this species which was made from scanty material, and we can report the larve were found at favourable stations in the environs of Chicago, the type locality, in July of the current year. Its association was with the previously recorded food-plant, Rudbeckia laciniata L., so far the only known choice. Our larval note in this magazine, Vol. XX XIX, p. 313, where it is assumed from the penultimate stage the young larve belong the group showing a continuous dorsal line, needs correction. A summary for stages III, IV, V may reflect, viz.: These instars correspond to the normal features of the group; head polished, darkened at ocelli, but without the prominent side line; tubercles not large, blackish, IVa does not appear on joint. ten; the white dorsal and subdorsal lines are broken at the middle, where the mahogany browny body colour prevails as an encircling ring on the posterior portion of joint three, on four, five, six and seven, becoming paler with each molt; lengths, 15, 18, 21 mm.; May 20-June 15, Chicago (larve per A. Kwiat). At Wilmington, Del., Mr F. M. Jones has encountered nelita at various stations, and his rearings of the moth show a small percentage which have the stigmata white marked, in contra- distinction to the type form. Ifsuch happen to be of well-developed size, a superficial likeness is very strong with the white marked P. frigida var. thalictrt Lyman, in instances of small specimens of that form. Under an adverse.criticism, which would countenance no difference between these truly similar moths, all niceties of larval differentation and departures of male structures would be swept away. So it appears best to give permanent attention to this departure with the Strecker species, characterizing it as variety linda. January, 1916 14 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. — ——___—. Papaipema nelita linda, new variety. Typical in the greyish brown ground colour, with golden brown irroraticns medially, the purplish basal and postmedial areas; also in maculation; basal spots’ vague, not white marked, the orbicular and claviform are two rounded white spots, the reni- form is a collection of dots around a central curved line, the outer- most opposite the cell yellow, the rest usually white; ordinarily the conventional pattern for the white markings except the reni- form is proportionately a little short. Expanse 36 mm. A male type is with the author, a paratype with Mr Jones, and a specimen was forwarded to the British Museum for com- parison with the type of P limpida Gn. from which it is reported to be distinct by Sir Geo. F. Hampson. This new variety is dedi- cated to Mrs. F. M. Jones, whose efforts in behalf of entomological research warrant much more than this slight recognition. Papaipema cerina Grt. The apprehension of this larva is due to the efforts of Mr. Chas. Rummel of Newark, N. J., who encounters it occasionally in his locality. We were indebted to his liberality for early staged larve the current season, as well as for the privilege of bringing out this note. That this well-known eastern species had escaped larval notice seems due in part to its close resemblance to P. cataphracta, that its seemingly preferred food-plant, Liliwm super- bum L., is very generally bored also by the latter, and while it appears certain other plants than Lilium are involved, the similarity to this prototype, whose individuality was considered unique, has allowed it to escape notice. Thus in future generic groupings, the species should be associated with cataphracta and duovata, a position not assigned it heretofore and which is of some import since on “‘first species’’ rule it became Smith’s type of the genus. The larval habit doubtless follows the usual course, the over- wintering egg hatching the last week of May. Larval stages IV and V are identical with cataphracta except that they are a fortnight in advance of the latter. Characteristics are fully typical, tubercles not large; colour livid purple-brown on which the white dorsal and subdorsal lines are contrastingly drawn without break. THE CANADIAN: ENTOMOLOGIST 15 Penultimate stage: Paler and more pinkish, the linés yellowish; tubercle 1 on joints four, five and six the same as on other joints, whereas the ally has them enlarged at this point. Maturity: Head and plates typical; colour yellowish trans- lucent, with lines entirely obliterated; tubercles mostly minute, I and II, except on twelve are only discernable as the merest dots under a lens, IV alone retains its usual size, and in comparison to microscopic I, II, III and IIIa, seems proportionately large, though it does not exceed the spiracle, on joint ten [Va shows same size as IV, a trifle high, but of similar prominence in bearing seta; length 42 mm.; leaves plant for pupation July 31. The pupa shows no departure from the usual form, and is less cylindrical than its ally, which normally changes in its gallery and is effected by the confined quarters. Emergence data are not at hand, but from that of flown specimens must centre around the first ten days of September, whereas the near congener is a month later. Papaipema nepheleptena Dyar. A recent re-examination of the unique type of this species, coupled with the wider acquaintance by the more extended breeding of P. meseri Bird, (1911) furnishes conviction there is but one species involved, and that the Dyar name has precedence, being proposed in 1908. The type, a flown and rather worn specimen, is from New York, and regrets over our error of determination are now tempered by the establishment of the larval history for this local but heretofore elusive nepheleptena. Thus it will appear our larval notes for the Turtle-head borer, Can. Ent., Vol. XLV, p. 120, are to be associated with the latter name. A brief addenda to these may be made for: Stage I—Cephalic and anal shields well developed, also the the setae; the first four abdominal egments show as a dark girdle, the extremities semi-translucent. Stage II—Head is without side line, nor is its continuation on the lower edge of shield yet manifest; the dark girdle not crossed by the white longitudinal lines; tubercles concolorous. Stage I1]—Similar, with the generic features now well evident; the dorsal line alone crosses the girdle, showing as the merest white 16 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST thread; tubercle [Va on joint ten seems always absent in this species, ten larval preparations at least have it unindicated; lengths, 2.5, 6.5, 11 mm.; May 25-June 18; Buffalo, N. Y. (larva per H. Baumann). Papaipema circumlucens Smith. When the late Dr. J. B: Smith advanced this specific name at the ‘Revision of Hydroecia,’’ 1899, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., Vol. XXVI, the knowledge of larval stages was not of avail, and the — material for study scanty, and of inferior quality for the most part. Though his efforts for fullness were well directed, and the co-operation of museums and collectors very general, a miscon- ception in regard to the individuality of circumlucens has been recognized for some time, in that more than one species was as- sociated among his types. The writer had arrived at a conclusion as to what form Dr. Smith intended his name should apply, but it was not until 1914 that the larval history became positively known in the particular instance it was necessary to cite. Of his ‘‘types” and ‘‘co-types’’ we have recently had the advantage of comparing those in the U.S. National Museum, the Barnes and Rutgers collection, while a female co-type was in the possession of the writer. Three species are found to be involved—the Hop-stem borer, one whose chief foodplant is Dogbane; the true circumlucens, and ochropenta Dyar, a western species with the larva unknown. The Hop-stem borer has already been differentiated as P. humuli | Bird, Can. Ent., Vol. XLVII, p. 113. We herewith restrict the type of circumlucens Smith to the female type specimen of the United States National Museum, which was without doubt a feeder in _ Apocynum, Dogbane, in its larval state, and for the following reasons. Of the six ‘‘types’” ates; in our own collection a perfect specimen of the Hop-stem borer was labeled merely “ circumlucens,’’ while a much-worn Dog- bane feeder was ticketed ‘‘circumlucens Sm. female co-type’’; ochropenta occurs in but one specimen. The other male “‘type”’ Washington is humult. It is needless to add that from the conventional pattern in the or “‘co-types,” this form predomin- group and the nearness of coloration of the forms involved, the oversight at the time of commission is easily understood. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 17 Regarding the life-history, Mr. A. F. Winn, of Montreal, was the first to call our attention to the fact that A pocynum was bored by some Papaipema, but his observations were made after the larval period, and were without further or specific verification. Several seasons later, in 1914, Messrs. A. Kwiat and E. Beer at Chicago discovered Apocynum androsemifolium L. to be profusely bored there, and kindly forwarded larve which seemed different from any previously seen. At emergence there was surprise that the browner and larger specimens matched our co-type of circumlucens, while the smaller, yellower ones ran indistinguishably to baptisie Bird. The current year the writer had advantage’ of personal studies of the prairie flora in the vicinity of Chicago, under direction of the local entomologists, and observed circumlucens extensively at work. The larva is a gross feeder, tunnelling out the lower stem and a considerable portion of the running rootstock when possible. By the middle of July the wilted or browned foliage is very noticeable, and it becomes one of the easiest species to apprehend. Pupation occurs in the burrow and emergence by the orifice, which has served for frass disposal, and without its further enlargement. A network of silk and fragments chewed’ from the woody stem encloses the gallery directly above the pupa, through which the moth easily breaks, but such details are somewhat dependent on the kind of food-plant occupied. As is usual where a species is super-abundant, dispersal to other plants may be noticed, and in Mesadenia tuberosa Nutt. (E. Beer) frequently, and in Vernonia fasciculata Michx. (A. Kwiat) rarely, larve were found at work, the former being apparently a true alternative food-plant. Quite a_ noticeable difference exists superficially between the A pocynum larva and that boring Baptisia itnctoria L. productive of P. baptisie Bird, Can. Ent., Vol. XXXIV, p. 109, but the moths intergrade so completely there seems no warrant for the retention of this name even in a varietal sense. Hence P. baptisie Bird, 1902, falls to P. circum- lucens, Smith 1899. The typical, A pocynum feeding larva is larger, more cylindric and pink than that we had characterized from Baptisia, but it is believed to be due to food-plant conditions entirely. The principal larval features are generically normal. 18 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Stage V—Head without side line, colour dull pink, lines yellowish, the dorsal narrow and alone continuous; tubercles appear dim from being nearly concolorous, IV most prominent, and IVa always defined on joint ten. Stage VI—Very cylindric, paler, otherwise no change. Stage VII—Now more robust, tubercles conspicuous by reason of the semi-translucence; [Va has continued on ten, but has never equalled IV. Length, 33, 39, 43 mm.’ July 15-Aug. 12. A chief parasite with the species is a Tachina fly, to which attention has been previously called with other species, as being a general check in the genus. Our reference to it as Ceromasia myoid@a we learn through the kindness of Dr. C. H. T. Townsend is in need of revision, and on this occasion we may deal with: yet another correction Our understanding of the matter is that the above name refers to a European, or an assumed cosmopolitan insect, but inferentially we would not expect such to be critically involved in the economy of a large American genus, a genus so thoroughly American that a selection of widely differing food- plants in many cases exists with plant genera found only in America. From our limited knowledge of the hfe history, it appears this fly may be associated only with Papaipema, or such similar boring larve as flourish at about the same date. Over-wintering puparia do not give up imagos until July, when the borers are of sufficient size to answer their purpose. There appears to be two broods of the flies, though it may be that those over-wintering are merely tardy larve in pupating, or possibly to having an unusually large food supply. A fortnight’s difference in pupation seems sufficient to cause the later ones to overwinter. Ovi- or larviposition may be merely within the gallery opening, there being opportunity for attachment to the host, as it has frequently to come to the orifice to dispose of frass. Some of the Ichneuwmonide have been en- countered 20 cm. down in these galleries, but on such occasions it was the pupa which was sought. While the fly larve must subsist internally, when about mature they may be found outside the decaying shrunken host from which they move a slight distance to pupate. The pupa is cylindric, with ends rounded, unattached and unprotected in the gallery, colour brown. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 19 —— This fly is now to be known as Andrina radicis Townsend. Dr. Townsend has been good enough to prepare a characteriza- tion which is appended, over his signature. Andrina radicis Townsend, new name. Andrina radicis Townsend, new name for Masicera myoidea Coquillett, 1897, Rev. Tach. 114 (nec. Lydella myoidea RD., 1830, Myod. 114)—Holotype labeled by Coquillett as above, loc. District of Columbia, May 16, 1882 (Coll. C. V. Riley). Holotype, No. 19601 U.S. N. M., female. Allotype, male, Rye N. Y. (H. Bird). Paratypes include six specimens reared by Mr. Bird from several lepidopterous larve boring the roots of plants underground; numerous specimens reared by the Bureau of Ento- mology from several hosts; specimen reared by Mr. W. R. Walton from Nonagria oblonga at Harrisburg, Pa.; and TD4468, female, Beverly, Mass., \July 1, 1875 (Edward Burgess). The last was relaxed and dissected, being the only specimen available that had been collected, not reared. It was found to contain several hundred eggs and maggots. The egg is elongate and bowed. The maggot is without hairs, but with spine-rows encircling the body. The species differs from Andrina (Paraphorocera BB. syn.) senilis Meigen as follows:—Arista thickened on only basal half; third antennal joint of male sharply angular on upper apical corner, that of female less so; male vertex about equal to eye-width, that of female but little broader; frontal bristles not descending lower than base of arista; face less receding, the vibrissal axis of head nearly three-fourths of antennal axis; microscopic hairs of facialia do not extend one-third way up in male, and less than one-fourth way in female; eyes faintly and thinly hairy. The cheeks are from little over to less than one-fourth eye-height. The species may stand as type of subgenus B of Andrina. Two specimens from England, labeled by Brunetti Masicera myoide@a, are apparently senilis Meigen (tincta BB. syn.). The front and cheeks are much broader in senilis than in radicis. The female from England was relaxed and dissected, and found to con- tain the same eggs and maggots in a rather long coiled uterus (TD4469).—CHARLEsS H. T. TOWNSEND. 20 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a a ———— TWO NEW CANADIAN DIPTERA. BY }, M. ALDRICH, ASST. IN CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECT INVESTIGA- TIONS, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY.* Exorista czesar, n. sp. A black and silvery species with black palpi; runs to couplet 5 in Coquillett’s Revision, p. 93, but does not have the characters of either alternative of the couplet. Male—Width of front at narrowest compared with entire width of head gives for 8 males the decimals .263; .308; .233; .271; .263; .254; .268; .300—average, .270. These are micrometer measurements. Ocellars normal, proclinate; frontals 10, rather slender, reaching to the level of the arista; the uppermost stouter and rather far before the vertical; frontal stripe blackish, satiny, wider than either parafacial, the latter subshining above, with erect fine hairs which extend down below the anterior frontals a little; these hairs are most striking above, across the ocellar region; antenne black, third joint four times as long as the second, ex- tending almost to oral margin; arista thickened about 2-5 its length; parafacials narrow, silvery, bare; vibrisse at oral margin, above them a short dense row of small bristles extending hardly 14 of the way to insertion of antenne (less in female); bucca about 1-6 the eye-height; palpi black; eyes densely hairy; proboscis short and retracted. Mesonotum lightly cinereous between the rows of bristles, which are on shining intervals; sides from humeri back more silvery pollinose; dorsocentrals 4 behind, 3 before the suture; inner de 3 and 3; scutellum with 3 marginal pairs and a small, nearly horizontal apical pair, also numerous long, erect hairs; sternopleurals 3; pleuree cinereous pollinose; calypters pure white. Abdomen shining black, anterior half of each segment silvery pollinose, which is not sharply limited and leaves an indefinite median black stripe; first segment with a pair of strong median marginals; second with one or more pairs of discals, a pair of median marginals and a pair of laterals; third segment with one or more pairs of discals, and a marginal row of 10; hairs of abdomen long and erect, more so toward tip. ; *Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau. January, 1916. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. ih Legs entirely black, the brown pulvilli as long as the last tarsal joint on all the feet; middle tibia with one long spine below its middle on outer front side, and usually a small one above it; hind tibia with slightly uneven row of small bristles on outer hind side, one below middle being larger. Wings almost hyaline; third vein with one or two hairs at base: fourth vein with rounded, oblique curve; apical cell open some distance before wing tip (more than half the distance separating tips of second and third); hind cross-vein rather oblique and bowed ‘outwardly. Apical cross-vein parallel with hind margin. Female—Front at narrowest compared with entire width of head gives in 5 specimens .360; .345; .327; .303; .322—average, 331. Parafrontals wider than stripe; third antennal joint about three times as long as second; above vibrisse only a few small hairs; pulvilli short. Hairs of head, scutellum and abdomen not so long and erect as in male; middle tibia with two spines on outer front side. Length 4.7 to 6.3 mm. Described from nine males and five females, reared by Prof Lawson Cesar from Archips argyrospila at Simcoe, Ont.; dates of emergence, July 1 to 15, 1915. I dedicate the species to Mr. Caesar, and follow the example of Linneus (in Lucilia cesar) in leaving the specific name in apposition in the nominative case, instead. of giving it a genitive ending. Two specimens of each sex, including the type male, will be deposited in the Canadian National Museum; the remainder will be at the disposal of Mr. Cesar. Frontina spectabilis, n. sp. Female—Easily recognized by a dense coating of golden pollen, which uniformly covers the upper portions of head, thorax and abdomen, except that it is less distinct on the first abdominal segment. Front of vertex, when viewed from above, as wide as one eye (.333 of entire head by micrometer measurement); ocellars and / . . = orbitals normal, proclinate; the frontals form a row of 7 (not 22 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. counting the vertical), which extend to the base of the third anten- nal joint; frontal stripe half as wide as parafrontal, reddish brown; | parafrontal with a few small hairs; first and second antennal joints red, the third black, four times as long-as second, reaching almost to oral margin, the arista with short penultimate joint, the last thickened almost to middle; parafacials silvery, more yellow above, bare, less than half as wide as the facial depression; facial ridged with a row of 7 coarse’ bristles, ascending above middle; vibrisse at oral margin; palpi yellow, rather stout; eyes bare, bucca about one-fifth the eye-height. Thorax with the pollen gradually becoming cinereous on the sides; dorsocentrals 4 postsutural, 3 presutural; inner dorsocentrals 3 and 3, one pair being just before the suture; scutellum with 3 marginal pairs and a small nearly horizontal apical pair; sterno- pleurals 3; calypters pale yellow. Abdomen with pollen changing to gray well down on sides’ the specimen shows no adaptations for depositing eggs or larve; second segment with a pair of median marginal bristles; third with a marginal row of 8, and some coarse hairs in the place of a discal pair; fourth with a row of 8 on the middle and a few irregular smaller ones at hind margin. Legs black, middle tibia with one spine on outer front side below middle; hind tibia on outer side behind with an uneven row of small bristles, two near the middle being larger. Wings hyaline, veins yellow on basal half; first posterior cell open rather near apex, as far from it as one-third the distance separating tips of second and third veins; third vein with 2 or three hairs at base; fourth vein with angle rather abruptly rounded, not appendi- culate; hind cross-vein sinuous, nearer to bend than to anterior cross-vein. 3 Length 7 mm.; of wing, 6 mm. One female, Wabamic, Ontario, collected by H. S. Parrish, Aug. 5, 1915; deposited in the Canadian National Museum. I see no difficulty about referring the species to this genus, aside from the fact that the ‘‘cilia,’’ or exterior row of bristles, on the hind tibia, are somewhat coarse and uneven. ) OO THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Zi NOTES ON CHRYSOTIMUS WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF AONE W, Sb b@tis (OLP EER A). BY M. C. VAN DUZEE, BUFFALO; N. Y. I took two of these little flies in Northern Ontario, one at Kearney and the other at Brulé Lake on the first and second of August, 1911. They are both males, and are no doubt the male of Loew's Chrysotimus delicatus, agreeing with his description in having the antenne black, palpi yellow, and the posterior cross-vein before the middle of the wing. It seems to me that the males described by Prof. Wheeler (Psyche Vol. V, p. 375) as the male of C. pusio Loew should have been considered a distinct species, as both males and females that he took in Wisconsin had the first two antennal joints-yellow, the third brown_as is the case in C. concinnus Zett,an European species, but it is not likely that it is that species, as in concinnus the cross- vein is before the middle of the fifth vein, while in Wheeler’s specimens it is at or beyond the middle, if it answers Loew’s de- scription of pusio as he states,. I have not seen Wheeler’s material and therefore cannot be sure that his specimens represent a new species. SS= The males of this genus have the abdomen metallic green, while that of the female is mostly yellow. The hypopygium is conspicuous but scarcely bent under the abdomen; in all three species that I have seen it has a small, hairy, black appendage near the centre of the posterior edge The males of delicatus Loew that I took in Canada have the abdomen and thorax bright metallic green with coppery reflections and thin grayish pollen; the hypopygium brown, conspicuous but imbedded, forming a rounded tip to the abdomen, which projects in a point slightly below the venter. I took one male and three females at Colden, Erie Co , N. Y., Aug. 9th, 1914, which are no doubt the true C. pusio Loew. They have black antennez and brown palpi; the cross-vein is in the middle of the fifth vein as in the male of delicatus Loew, but appears a January, 1916 24 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST SS SPSS SESS little nearer the tip of the wing, as the wing seems somewhat shorter. (This character is of little value in separating the species, as the difference is so slight that it would not be noticed without comparing the two). The male hypopygium is rather large and somewhat bent froward, projecting nearly half its length below the venter of the abdomen. I have received from Prof. J. M. Aldrich a male which evidently represents another species. I do not think it can be the same as the males Wheeler had. The following is a description of this species :— Chrysotimus flavicornis, n. sp. Male—Length1.75mm. Faceand front green with white pollen, which does not conceal the ground colour; ocellar tubercle blackish; palpi brown; antenne yellow (third joint missing in the type). Thorax pale green with bright coppery reflections and _ thickly covered with grayish white pollen; prescutellar depression sharply defined; pleure black with grayish pollen. Abdomen green with slightly coppery reflections and dulled with gray pollen; hairs and bristles of the thorax and abdomen yellow; hypopygium short, yellowish brown with a black appendage covered with rather long black hairs at the centre of the posterior side; venter yellow. Coxe and legs yellow. Tegule, their cilia and the halteres yellow. Wings tinged with yellow; costa and veins yellow; third and fourth veins parallel beyond the cross-vein; apex of wing equidistant from the tips of the third and fourth veins; posterior cross-vein a little beyond the middle of the fifth vein. Described from one male taken at Richmond Hill, L. I., N. Y., July 5th, by Mr Daecke. Type in the collection of Prof. J. M. Aldrich. The yellow antenne and thick pollen of the thorax and abdo- men separate this form the two preceding species. It differs from Prof. Wheeler’s description of the supposed male of C. pusio Loew in lacking the vivid green of the thorax and pleure, the green of the dorsum of the thorax in this species being pale and serena. shining,- and the pleure being black. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 25 MOLES ON LY PES) OF WE PIDOPTERA IN SNOW COLERC TION: BY J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL. Through the courtesy of Prof. S.J. Hunter, I recently had the opportunity of examining the types of Lepidop era contained in the Snow Collection at Lawrence, Kansas, and comparing with them specimens taken with me for that purpose. A list of these types is published in the Kansas Univ. Sci. Bull., Vol. VIII (1), 1913, p. 28, and it is with the purpose of correcting a few errors that have been introduced into this paper as well as offering some synonymic notes on several of the species that I have undertaken this article. ! The types themselves either bear a large printed label “‘type”’ or a label “type specimen, discovered by F. H. Snow,” with the locality and a red disk pinned below, but unfortunately, with but few exceptions, the actual name of the species is not attached to the specimen, but pinned alongside, as was formerly the case with Walker’s types in the British Museum. Up to the present no great harm has been done as the collection remains as arranged by Prof. Snow, but one can readily see what might happen if an energetic but unscientific student were set to rearranging the collection; the few exceptions noted above are mostly in the Geo- metride and Pyralide, a number of which bear Grote’s written type label. In the Noctuid@é most of the types are those of species described by Grote from material collected by Prof. Snow in Idaho Springs, Colo., and near Las Vegas Hot Springs, New Mexico, and types of nearly all of these species are stated by Hampson to be in the British Museum and bear Grote’s actual type label as I have personally verified. It would seem that whenever Grote received several specimens of one’species he retained at least one to which a type label was affixed, but in the case of a unique this was returned to Prof. Snow. In view of this fact, it would be well in my estima- tion to restrict the type to the British Museum specimen wherever we find types stated to be in both collections, and fortunately this will lead to no confusion, as in every such instance the species ‘represented by the two types is undoubtedly a single one. In January, 1916. 26 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. cases where Prof. Smith in his Catalogue of Noctuidae gives the types as being in the Snow and Neumeegen collections, we think that the Snow Collection should have the preference, Prof. Snow being the original collector. Concerning several species as given in Hunter’s list, the following notes may be of value :— Noctuide. Hadena burgessi Morr. This is not the type of burgesst Morr., but of discors Grt., described from Idaho Springs, Colo., in Proc. Kan. Acad. Sci. VII, 64; Prof. Snow had evidently rearranged the collection ac- cording to Smith’s Check List, in which discors Grt. is made a synonym of burgessi Morr., for the name burgessi Morr. stands alongside a series of three specimens, two of which are true burgessi from the East, and the third specimen bears the label ‘‘ Idaho Spgs., Colo.”’ and the red disk beneath, and is without doubt the type of discors, agreeing with the original description in every particular. The species, discors, is however not a synonym of burgessi Morr., and is not even.an Hadena, but belongs in the genus Anytus, with spined hind tibiz, and will take priority over vinela Sm., described from Denver and Glenwood Spgs., Colo. We would call particular attention to the fact that the original description of discors Grt. distinctly states that the hind wings have a “black, distinct, in- completely-broken terminal line,’’ and the thorax has ‘“‘a fine line or collar and tegule lined with black,’’ which does not apply to burgesst Morr.; various other points in the description of the primaries cannot apply to burgessi Morr., but do most’distinctly apply to the Colorado Anytus. Oncocnemis major Grt. Under this name is a specimen bearing the label Oncocnemis curvicollis Grt. with red type disk, from Arizona; this may be one of the three originals from which the description was drawn up, but Smith states that the types of curvicollis are in the National Museum, Neumcegen and Gref Collections; the matter will bear further investigation. The type of major Grt. is in the British Museum. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 27 a a EE Chorizagrotis terrealis Grt. The & type with Grote’s handwritten type label affixed is in the collection; we have not been able to match it; Hampson’s figure from a drawing of a so-called ‘“‘type”’ in the Neumcegen collection is poor and too contrasted; according to our notes the species is a dark indeterminate form with basal dash and slight dark shading between the usual spots; the s. t. line is almost obsolete. Euxoa verticalis Grt. The specimen in the collection cannot be considered a type, as it bears the label “Hot Springs, New Mex.,’”’ whereas the type locality is Idaho Spgs., Colo.; it is, however, typical. The same remarks would apply to Richia parentalis Grt. and decipiens Grt.; the true types of all three species are in the British Museum. Geometride. Emploecia inconstans Geyer. Under this heading is included the type specimen of cephisaria Grt.; the type of imconstans Geyer has, of course, long been lost, and the error is due to Prof. Snow’s peculiar system of labelling. Deilinia perpallidaria Grt. This cannot be considered the type, which was a o specimen from New Mexico (Snow), whereas the specimen in the Snow Collection, bearing a written label ‘‘ Thamnonoma perpallidaria, n. sp.,”’ is from Idaho Spgs., Colo., and a @ ; besides this, it does not agree with Grote’s description, and is a Macaria species, I think. Where the true type is I do not know. Lychnosea helveolaria Hulst. The type under this heading is that of aulularia Grt., which seems correctly placed as a synonym of /elveolaria. Hyperitis indiscretata Hy. Edw. The @ type of this species, labelled ‘‘ Tetracis indiscretata, type”’ by Hy. Edwards himself, proves to be a Sabujodes and the same species as that described by Strecker as Metanema vanusaria from a single o’, indiscretata taking priority over Strecker’s name. 28 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The species is allied to arcasaria Wl1k., but the apical dark triangle at costal end of t. p. line is much narrower and the t. p. line is almost rigidly oblique; the o”’s are considerably browner in colour than the 9’s, which tend towards yellowish. Sabulodes imitata Hy. Edw. The 2 type bears Hy. Edward’s hand-written label, “‘Ante- pione imitata, type.’’ It is closely related to the preceding species, but still more closely to arcasaria Wlk., the apical triangle being intermediate in width between arcasaria and indiscretata and the t. p. line bent as in the former species. Costinotata Tayl., judging by the o& and @ cotypes from Prescott, Ariz. (not 2 9’s from Phoenix, Ariz., as stated in original description, vide Can. Ent. XLIV, 275, 1912), becomes a synonym of this species. Pyralide. Elophila avernalis Grt. The type specimen bears Grote’s written type label; this has been placed by Dr. Dyar in his revision of the Nymphulida as Ab. a of-fulicalis Clem. It turns out to be abundantly distinct and the same species as that described by ourselves as Argyractis ? confusalis (1913 Cont. N. Hist, N. Am. Lep. II (8) 133, Pl. VIII, fig. 11), which thus becomes a synonym. The species was de- scribed from two specimens, so that the fwo cotypes (ex Coll. Fernald) from Hot Springs, Arizona (? New Mexico) which Dr. Dyar had before him at the time of the revision are probably spurious; one at least must be, which possibly accounts for avernalis being associated with fulicalis. We havea long series from New Mexico and Arizona, and find the species very constant. King Ferdinand of Bulgaria, has been removed from the membership in the Entomological Society of France, which he has held since 1882. His name has also been erased from the mem- bership list of the Petrograd Entomological Society. In -this society there has been elected in his place M. Lameere, of Brus- sels, who is now working in the Paris Museum of Natural History.— Science. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 29 NEW GALE MIDGES. BY B.PVsEDr, ALBANY N..¥: Below are given descriptions of a miscellaneous lot of gall midges showing a varied food habit and originating in widely separated portions of the world. Dasyneura sassairas, n. sp. The midge described below was reared by W. A. Ross, August 12, 1915, from larve curling sassafras foliage at Gordon, Ont., and submitted for identification by Arthur Gibson, Chief Assistant Entomologist of the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Can. The species runs in our key to D. apicata Felt, noticed in detail on page 152 of New York State Museum Bulletin 175. It is easily separated from this form and also the somewhat similar Dasyneura smilacifolia Felt by structural and colorational characters. Female—Length .75 mm. Antenne extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired dark brown; 16 sessile seg- ments, the fifth with a length two and one-half times its diameter,. _ the terminal segment compound, with a length four to five times its diameter and a more or less distinct constriction near the middle. Palpi; first segment subquadrate, irregular, the second with a length more than twice its diameter, the third a little longer than the second, more slender, the fourth one-half longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum light yellowish brown, the submedian lines and scutellum yellowish, postscutellum reddish yellow. Abdomen sparsely haired, pale yellowish. Wings hyaline; halteres pale yellowish. Coxe and femora mostly pale yellowish, the distal portion of femora, tibiz and tarsi dark brown, the tarsi almost black; claws slender, strongly curved, the pulvilli nearly as long as the claws. Ovipositor pale yellowish, fuscous apically, as : long as the abdomen, the terminal lobes with a length nearly four times the width, broadly rounded and sparsely setose apically. Type Cecid. a2676. Dasyneura gossypii, n. sp. The small midges described below were forwarded under date of July 7, 1915, by Prof. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, Imperial Ento- mologist of the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, Bihar, 30 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. India. Both sexes are figured on page 363 of his work on South Indian Insects and the species is considered by him as of minor importance. He states-that the insect is locally known as the cotton flower bud maggot and the larve are recorded as inhabiting cotton buds, causing them to burst and drop. Pupation occurs in the withering buds. Female—Length .75 mm. Antennz extending nearly to the base of the abdomen, sparsely haired, pale yellowish, yellowish basally; 12 sessile segments, the fifth with a length about two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment somewhat produced, with a length three times its diameter and tapering to a broadly rounded apex. Palpi: first segment subquadrate, the second twice the length of the first, more slender, the third three times the length of the second, somewhat dilated, the fourth about three-fourths the length of the third, more slender. Head yellow- ish, eyes black. Mesonotum pale yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen yellowish brown, tapering. Wings hyaline; halteres, coxee, femora and most of the tibize whitish transparent, the tarsi mostly pale yellowish, the pulvilli as long as the slender, strongly curved claws. Ovipositor with a length ° nearly equal to the body, the terminal lobes slender, with a length about four times the width. Type Cecid. a2678. Walshomyia texana, n. sp. — The midges described below were reared by Mrs. L. T. Binkley, Instructor in Zoology, State University, Austin, Texas, from a bud gall on the wild Texas or Mountain Cedar (Sabina sabinoides). The species is quite distinct from W. juniperina Felt, reared from the fruit of Juniperus californica, and while it presents some - differences from the generic type, we believe that it should be referred to this genus. Gall—This appears to be nothing but an enlarged, brownish bud with a length approximately 6 mm-., diameter 5 mm. Male—Length 2.2 mm. Antenne extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, pale yellowish; 15 or 16_ segments, the fifth with a stem one-half the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length one-half greater than its diameter and tapers slightly distally; circumfili probably THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 31 reticulate apically, though not visible in the preparation; terminal segment produced, with a length four times its diameter and tapering to a broadly rounded apex. Palp consisting of one ir- regularly, broadly oval segment bearing a few stout sete sub- apically; eyes large, black, nearly contiguous. Mesonotum a nearly uniform fuscous yellowish. Scutellum yellowish transparent, postscutellum and abdomen light fuscous yellowish and sparsely clothed with fuscous sete. Wings hyaline: halteres yellowish basally, fuscous apically. Coxe, a light fuscous yellowish; femora, tibiz and tarsi a nearly uniform light fuscous straw; claws stout, heavily curved, simple, the pulvilli more than twice the length of the claws, greatly expanded. Genitalia fuscous; basal clasp seg- ment stout, broad; terminal clasp segment moderately long, swollen near the middle and tapering uniformly to the obtuse apex and the irregular base; dorsal plate long, broad, deeply and _ triangularly emarginate, the lobes narrowly rounded and _ sparsely setose; ventral plate long, broad, broadly rounded apically. Harpes apparently represented by divergent, broad, slightly chitinized, submedian processes, obliquely truncate and narrowly rounded distally. Female—Length 38 mm. Antenne extending to the second abdominal segment, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 14 or 15 subsessile segments, the fifth with a length about twice its diameter, a subbasal whorl of moderately short, stout setae and subapically low, very irregularly reticulate circumfili forming three or four transverse bands (circumfili distinctly visible in only one specimen, a2694); terminal segment compound, consisting of two or three segments, closely fused and with a length three to five times its diameter; eyes large, black, © Mesonotum dark yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum a little lighter. Abdomen yellowish white, Sparsely clothed with fuscous hairs. Ovipositor short, stout, the terminal segment with a length one-half greater than its diameter, slightly and variably chitinized basally and ventrally, the terminal lobes broad, broadly rounded and sparsely setose. Other characters nearly as in the male. Type Cecid. a 2693. Asphondylia sesami, n. sp. . The Gingelly gall fly, according to Prof. T. Bainbrigge Fletcher, Imperial Entomologist of the Agricultural Research 32 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Institute, Pusa, Bihar, India, attacks young Gingelly (Sesamum indicum) capsules, producing a wrinkled, twisted gall instead of the fruit. He has figured the adult and gall on page 364 of his work on South Indian Insects, 1914, and classifies this insect as one of the minor pests. He has kindly placed reared specimens, which were labeled South India, Coimbatore, June, 1912, and 1913. at our disposal, and the species is described as new. Exuvium—Length 4 mm., a nearly uniform chestnut brown except for the nearly transparent antennal cases, the latter ex- tending to the base of the second abdominal segment, the wing cases to the fourth, and the leg cases to the sixth abdominal seg- ment. The dorsum of the abdominal segments with a scattering, and on segments five to eight, respectively, a somewhat double, transverse row of short, stout spines near the basal third and a similar, single row of rather thickly-set, almost contiguous, longer, stout spines near the middle; terminal segment with the basal row of spines distinctly double and scattering, and the distal row ir- regular, there being three on each side of the median line and a compound, lateral, spiny process. Male—Length 3 mm. Antenne extending to the fourth abdominal segment, sparsely haired, light browm; 14 segments, the fifth with a length seven times its diameter, the twelfth with a length nearly five times its diameter, the thirteenth and fourteenth segments missing. Palpi; the first segment irregularly and roundly quadrate, with a length nearly twice its diameter, the second -greatly produced, slender, sparsely setose, and with a length nearly three times that of the first. The mesonotum slaty brown, the submedian lines sparsely haired. Scutellum fuscous yellowish brown with a few sete at the lateral angles, postscutellum a fuscous whitish. Abdomen sparsely, haired, light brown, the genitalia fuscous yellowish. Wings hyaline, costa pale straw; halteres basally and apically mostly whitish transparent, the stalk dark brown. Coxe and femora reddish brown, the tibia and tarsi mostly pale straw; claws long, rather slender, the pulvilli as long as the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment short, greatly swollen; terminal clasp segment subapical, short, greatly swollen apically and distinctly bidentate; dorsal plate short, broad, broadly and roundly emarginate. Other structures indistinct in the preparation. ‘. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLGIST. 355) Female—Length 3 mm. Antenne extending to the third abdominal segment, the fifth with a length five times its diameter. the twelfth with a length two and one-half times its diameter, the thirteenth with a length about equal to the diameter, the fourteenth reduced, globose. Palpi; the first segment quadrate, with a length about twice its diameter, the second more slender, irregular and with a length about twice the first. Mesonotum dark slaty brown, the submedian lines rather thickly haired. Scutellum reddish brown, sparsely setose apically, postscutellum dark brown. Abdomen reddish brown, sparsely clothed with silvery sete. Wings hyaline; halteres mostly yellowish brown, slightly darker subapically. Coxe and legs mostly brownish straw, the distal tarsal segments somewhat darker; claws moder- ately stout, strongly curved, the pulvilli a little longer than the claws. Ovipositor when extended probably longer than the body, the basal segment moderately slender and with a well developed dorsal pouch, the acicula slender, acute. Type Cecid. a 2677. Feltiella americana, n. sp. The midges described below were received from Prof. P. J. Parrott, of the Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, N. Y., under date of July 31, 1915, accompanied by the statement that they were reared from larve apparently feeding on a red mite occurring upon plum foliage. This species is quite different from an earlier described American form. Male—Length 1.5 mm. .Antenne a little longer than the body, thickly haired, mostly whitish transparent; circumfili and numerous long sete a light fuscous; 14 segments, the fifth having the stems with a length two and one-half and three and one-half times their diameters, respectively; terminal segment, basal por- tion of the stem with a length four times its diameter, the distal enlargement subcylindric, with a length two and one-half times its diameter, broadly rounded apically. Palpi; the first segment irregular, subquadrate, the second with a length about three times its width, the third a little longer, more slender, the fourth one- fourth longer than the third, more slender. Mesonotum fuscous yellowish Scutellum and postscutellum pale yellowish Abdomen mostly pale yellowish, slightly fuscous basally. Wings hyaline, the third vein uniting with costa at the apex of the wing, halteres 34 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST pale yellowish. Coxe whitish transparent, the legs a fuscous whitish transparent; claws slender, strongly curved, the anterior and mid-pair unidentate, the pulvilli about two-thirds the length of the claws. Genitalia; basal clasp segment moderately long, stout, the basal lobe long, triangular, finely setose; terminal clasp segment long, slender; dorsal plate short, triangularly emarginate, the lobes obliquely and roundly truncate, the ventral plate long, broad, truncate or slightly emarginate apically; style long, stout, roundly acute apically. Female—Length 1.5 mm. Antenne nearly as long as the body, sparsely haired, fuscous yellowish; 14 segments, the fifth with a stem one-third the length of the cylindric basal enlargement, which latter has a length about two and one-half times its diameter; terminal segment slightly produced and tapering to a broadly rounded apex. Mesonotum dark yellowish brown. Scutellum and postscutellum yellowish. Abdomen a light fuscous yellowish. Halteres yellowish. Coxe and femora basally yellowish white, the distal portion of femora and tibiz a light fuscous straw, the tarsi darker. Ovipositor short, the terminal lobes irregularly ovate and rather thickly setose. Other characters practically as in the male. Type Cecid. a2679. NOTES AND QUERIES. NOTES FROM CLEMSON COLLEGE, S.C. On Aug. 8th_a large number of specimens of Anosia plexippus were taken in a pasture near the College. They were the strag- glers of a swarm of this species passing through on that date. They disappeared two days later. There was an outbreak of Army Worms (Laphygma frugiperda) in August. The principal disturbance occurred throughout the northern and eastern counties of the State. As usual, the attack began on crab grass and sorghum. In some sections peas were slightly damaged. The generation went into pupation Aug. 20-30, having done no serious damage. During this outbreak the larve of Calosoma calidum played an unusually conspicuous role. They THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 30 were very abundant in the fields around Glemson, and numerous specimens were sent from various sections of the State for identi- fication. On Aug. 23 the writer collected a large number of speci- mens to observe their habits in the Insectary. They showed cannabalistic habits, a number of them being killed in this manner, The specimens were kept in jelly glasses containing sand and placed in a dark box. They were fed on Army Worms. On Aug. 25th they refused to eat, and on Aug. 28th they burrowed to the bottom of the sand and changed to the white pupe, the adults emerging from four to six days later. Farmers sent the black larve to find out the name, on account of its good work in de- stroying the Army Worm. On Sept. 22nd this office received a report from W. R. Pritchard, Hardeville, S. C., of the great damage being done to his cotton by caterpillars. G.M. Anderson, of this Division, who was stationed at the Columbia laboratory, made a thorough in- spection of Mr. Pritchard’s farm. He found that the caterpillars were Alabama argillacea, and that they were distributed over about fifteen acres of cotton, five of which had been seriously injured. They had nearly all gone into pupation on that date. No other report of damage has come to our attention during the season. Clemson College, S. C. M. R. SMITH. Notes FROM NEW JERSEY. Halticus citri Ashm. injuring phlox in New Jersey (Hemip.). This ‘‘flea-hopper,’’ according to “Insects of New Jersey,’’ where itis listed as Halticus uhlert Giard, seems to be fairly well dis- tributed over the State, specimens having been taken at Madison, New Brunswick, Jamesburg and Camden County. As no food plants are mentioned, the insects were evidently taken while sweeping. During September, 1915, this species was found injur- ing phlox growing in a nursury at Riverton. Most of them were found on the under sides of the leaves, and the injury appeared on the upper surface as small, irregular, whitish patches, resulting in a discoloration of the foliage. Dr. F. H. Chittenden mentions it 36 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. as attacking chrysanthemum, morning-glory and smilax in green- houses, while Prof. F. M. Webster records it as feeding on many weeds, such as ragweed, crab grass, smartweed, etc. It is probably known best as a garden pest, being injurious to beans, beets, peas, cabbage, potatoes, etc. Considering the fact that the infes- tation on phlox was most severe after the blooming period was over and at a time when the plants were no longer cared for as ornamentals, it was not necessary to spray. Had it occurred ear- lier in the season any of the ordinary “‘leaf-hopper’’ remedies would have undoubtedly checked it successfully. Harry B. Weiss, New Brunswick, N. J. Mailed January 13th, 1916. — Can. Ent., Vor. XLVIII. PLATE II. THE PARSNIP WEBWORM. (DEPRESSARIA HERACLIANA DEC.) Che Ganadiay entomologist VoL. XLVIII. LONDON, FEBRUARY, 1916 No. i) POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. AN INSECT ENEMY OF THE PARSNIP. BY W. H. BRITTAIN AND C. B. GOODERHAM, TRURO, N. S. For a number of years the work of the Parsnip Webworm (Depressaria heracliana Dec.) has been noticed on the wild parsnip (Heracleum lanatum Michx) growing in the vicinity of the Agri- cultural College, Truro. In the summer of 1914 an attempt to grow some cultivated parsnips for seed on the College Farm was unsuccessful owing to the attacks of this insect. The shortage in the supply of vegetable seed during the past season, consequent upon conditions in Europe, has given an impetus to the local pro- duction of such seed As a result a number of our farmers have planted small plots of parsnips for seed purposes, but with rather disappointing results, as many complaints have reached us of serious damage occasioned by this pest. It would therefore appear that a brief description of the insect, with notes on its life history and habits, would be particularly opportune at the present time. Description: The Egg.—Stainton* says regarding the oviposition habits of the insect: ‘‘ The egg of this species is no doubt deposited in spring on the undeveloped umbels of Heracleum spondylium by the hibernated female.’’ Other writers have quoted Stainton in this connection, but though a number of entomologists have informed us that they are well acquainted with the egg, we have not been able to discover any further reference or any description of this stage in the literature at our disposal. The eggs are small, more or less rectangular in outline, with rough edges, measuring .32 - .40 mm. in length, and .17 -.19 mm. in width. They are pearly white in colour and ribbed longitudinally, as shown in fig. 1. *Stainton, H. T., Nat. Hist. Tineina, Vol. V, Part 1, 112-113 (1861). 38 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. The Mature Larva.—Length 16-18 mm; diameter of second abdominal seg- ment 3 mm.; width of head 1.75 mm. The shape is nearly cylindrical, tapering slight- ly towards both extremities. The general colour is greenish yellow above, light yellow on sides and beneath. The head, mouth parts, cervical shield, thoracic legs and spiracles are shiny black. The head is notched or emarginate on its caudal border and the cervical shield is divided by a median longitudinal line. The body is beset with numerous shiny black setigerous warts or tubercles, as shown in the figure. The Young Larva.—The larva in its first instar is 1.5-2 mm. long and differs very little from the mature larva except in size and in being a darker greenish yel- low anteriorly and a _ lighter yellow posteriorly. The Pupa.—The pupa measures | mm. long and .3 mm. wide. The thoracic seg- ments are dark brown and the abdominal segments a lighter brown. The Adult—The adult is a greyish Fig. 1. Parsnip Webworm, moth with a wing expanse of 214 mm. The wings are of a satiny lustre and fringed with long hairs. The front wings are a dark grey with darker longitudinal streaks, the hind wings a uniform light grey. When at rest, the wings are held flat over the back, giving the insect a flattened appearance. Life History and Habits. The eggs were first observed this season on June 18th. They are deposited singly and in large numbers on leaves, stems, and particularly on the sheath surrounding the flower heads. The time spent in the egg stage averages about seven days, and the period of oviposition extends over a considerable period, as newly - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 hatched larve were found late in July. On hatching, the young larve bore through the sheath and penetrate to the young flower buds inside. Here it commences to feed and to tie the unfolding flowers together with silken threads, forming a slight silken tunnel within which it feeds. When the head at length bursts open, it may, therefore, be nothing but a mass of web with the caterpillars inside. The larva feeds thus for about four weeks upon the seeds and leaves of the plant, and then, having become nearly mature, it crawls down the stem, usually to the axil of a leaf, where it eats its way through the hollow stem and feeds for a few days until it reaches maturity. When mature, the larva builds a light cocoon of silk and excrement within which it changes to the pupal stage. The total length of the larval life averages just under tive weeks, there being in all five larval instars. The pupal instar continues for three weeks, most of the adults emerging during the latter half of August, though a few belated individuals may not appear until as late as the middle of September. The adults pass the winter beneath the bark of trees, or in similar shelters. One individual was found in the late winter hidden under a rafter in a disused building on the outskirts of the College Farm. Of the number of insects reared from the egg to the adult condition complete records were taken in the case of three indi- viduals. This information is summarized in the following table :— | | Date of | Length | Date of | Date of | Date of | Date of | Date of |Length of emer- of No.| Date of | First Second Third Fourth Fifth Larval | gence of | Pupal Hatching | Moult Moult Moult Moult Moult Stage | Adult Stage ania | | | | 1 | June 25 | July 2 July 7 July 12 | July 17 | July 29 | 34 days | Aug. 19 | 21 days 2 | June 25 July 2 July 7 July 15 | July 20 | July 29 | 34 days | Aug. 19 | 21 days 3) June 25 July 2 July 9 July 15 | July 20 | July 29 | 34 days | Aug. 19 | 21 days Geographical Distribution. The Parsnip Webworm is an insect with a very wide distribu- tion, having been recorded from England, Scotland, Ireland, Germany, Sweden, Finland, France and the Eastern United States and Canada. It is very common in the neighborhood of Truro, and has been sent to the Agricultural College from parts of Hants and King’s Counties, as well as from New Brunswick. 40 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Host Plants. The plant most commonly attacked in Nova Scotia is the Cow Parsnip (ITeracleum lanatum). The cultivated Parsnip (Pastinaca sativa) is usually affected whenever it is grown for seed and the Wild Carrot (Daucus carota) is also known to be attacked in America. Besides the foregoing, Heracleum spondylium and Heracleum sibericum serve as food plants for the insect in Europe. - Natural Enemies. Riley states that no parasites were bred in the United States by him, but mentions the following which have been recorded by European writers: Cryptus flagitator Grv.; Pimpla heraclei and Hoplismenus dimidiatus: Cryptus profligator Grv. and Ophion vulnerator Grv. Bethune was also unable to secure any parasites, but states that the Hairy Woodpecker (Picus villosus) destroyed many larve and pupe. Harrison states that the greatest natural enemy is the earwig, which destroys the pupe. At Truro we have reared a number of hymenopterous parasites from this insect, but these have not yet been determined. Remedies. Bethune suggests dusting with hellebore for controlling the Parsnip Webworm. Riley recommends spraying with arsenate or the destruction of affected stalks. A. J. Cook says that a dilute watering mixture of an arsenate is by far the best remedy; he also recommends dusting with London Purple. Harrison believes in destroying the wild plants and handpicking the parsnip flowers. Unfortunately we have not yet succeeded in finding any remedy that will completely control this pest, though experiments on a rather small scale were undertaken this season. The habit of the insect in tying up the seed head with silk and working inside a silken tunnel makes the work very difficult. Spraying with lead arsenate or Paris Green just as the larve were hatching had little apparent effect. Dusting with Paris Green 1 part to 25 parts or with air-slaked lime gave somewhat better results, and when the umbels are open, it will prevent them from damaging any new seed. It will not, however, effect the caterpillars in the umbels which have already been tied up with silk. Cutting off and burning affected seed heads, as has been suggested, would ~ : 7 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 41 result in the destruction of the whole crop, in places where the infestation is as severe as in the Truro district. Furthermore, it would have little permanent effect where the pest is so numerous on neighbouring wild plants. As for destroying the wild plants that harbour the insects, these are much too numerous to commend the method to the practical farmer. REFERENCES. The following are the most important references to the work of this insect :— Bethune, C. J. S. Depressaria Ontariella, n. sp. (N. sp. = hera- cliana DeG.) Can. Ent., Vol. II, No. 1, Aug. 1869. Cook, A. J. Rep. of Zoologist, 3rd Ann. Rep. Mich. Agri. Exp. Sta. 1890; 112-115, 4 figs. Cook, A. J. Two Insect Pests New to Michigan. 19th Ann. Rep. Secr. St. Board Agri. Mich. for 1880; 275-278. Riley, C. V. The Parsnip Webworm. Insect Life, Vol. I; 94-98. Riley, C. V. The Parsnip Webworm. Orange Judd Farmer,*17, Nov. 1888; 319. Southwich, E. B. The Parsnip Webworm. Insect Life, Vol. V» Aug. 1892; 106-108. Harrison, J. W. H. An Unusual Parsnip Pest. Entomologist, 46 (1913), No. 597;.58-59. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II. 1. Eggs in place on sheath (insert, single egg greatly enlarged). 2. Larva, lateral aspect; stem cut longitudinally showing larva spinning cocoon. 4. Pupe, ventral and dorsal aspect. . Stem cut longitudinally, showing cocoon and pupee in situ. Adult moth. . Flower head webbed up by larve. Cpe oy (Ou . Holes made by larve in stem of Cow Parsnip. 42 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST — —— ————$——___ —— NEW NEARCTIC CRANE-FLIES (TIPULIDA, DIPTERA).* BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER, ITHACA, N. Y. The following species of crane-flies were mostly obtained from the collections of the United States National Museum and the United States Biological Survey, through the kindness of Mr. Knab and Mr McAtee. The various species will be figured in forthcoming revisional papers now in course of completion. Family 7ipulide. Subfamily Limnobine. Tribe Limnobini. Genus Dicranomyia Stephens. Dicranomyia macateei, sp. n. Female—Length 4.5-4.9 mm.; wing 5-5.5 mm. Antenne dark brown. Head dark brownish black, the frontal region more yellowish. Frontal scutum light yellowish brown, scutellum dull light yellow. Mesonotal prescutum shiny light brown without distinct stripes. Pleura pale yellow, more suffused with brown on the dorsal sclerites. Sternum yellow. Halteres dark brown, a little brighter at the extreme base. Legs with the coxa bright yellow; trochanters brownish yellow; femora and tibiz yellowish brown, tarsi pale yellowish white, the terminal segment and the claws black. Wings with a dusky tinge, the stigma distinct, large, oval, brown; the base of the sector, the cord and the outer end of cell 1st Me seamed with darker brown; no pubescence on the apical cells of the wings; veins dark brown. Venation with Sc long, extending over half the length of the sector; Rs long, over twice the length of the deflection of R45; basal deflection of Cw at or slightly beyond the fork of 7; Cuz about equal to the basal deflection of Cu. Abdomen brown, the ovipositor and the eighth segment largely yellow. Holotype, 2, Plummer’s Island, Maryland; May 24, 1914 (McAtee). ~ *Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornéll University. February, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 43 Paratypes, 2, Virginia, near Plummer’s Island; July 14, 1915 (McAtee). 2 9’s, Great Falls, Virginia; Aug. 11, 1915, Oct. 3, 1915 (McAtee). The type is in the collection of the Union States Biological Survey, the paratypes are in the National Museum and the collec- tion of the author. Tribe Antochint. Genus Teucholabis Osten Sacken. Teucholabis lucida, sp. n. Male—Length 3.5-4.1 mm.; wing 4.2-4.5 mm. Rostrum and palpi black. Antenne black. Head black with a thick light gray pubescence. Pronotal scutum dark brownish black, the caudal margin paler, brown; scutellum pale yellowish white, interrupted medially above by a brownish depression. Mesonotal prascutum shiny black, pilose medially behind, the usual pale interspaces represented only by a small reddish brown area in front, just proximad of the pseudosutural foveze, and a yellow median patch behind; scutum black shiny, with the median area in front pale yellow and with a short, pale pilosity; scutellum dull yellow, more grayish basally; postnotum black with a gray pile. Pleura light yellowish white with a broad black band extending from behind the pronotum beneath the wings to the base of the abdomen; a large rounded black spot on the sternum just before the middle cox and a smaller patch just behind these coxe; mesosternum suffused with lemon- yellow. Halteres short, pale brown. Legs with the coxe and trochanters pale testaceous; femora light yellow, the apex broadly blackened and slightly enlarged; tibia and tarsi dark brown, the former sometimes paler and narrowly tipped with blackish. Wings narrow, hyaline; stigmal spot brown, rounded, conspicuous. Abdominal tergites black, the segments narrowly ringed with _ dull reddish yellow on the caudal margin; sternites blackish on the basal half, paler, yellowish, caudally. Holotype, &, Dalecarlia Reservoir and outlet, District of Columbia; Aug 22, 1915 (McAtee). Paratypes, 10’; 1, sex uncertain, topotypic. The type is in the collection of the United States Biological Survey, paratypes in the collection of the author. 44 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Teucholabis carolinensis, sp. n. Male—Length 4.2 mm.; wing 4 mm. Rostrum and palpi black Antenne black. Head black with a slight grayish pubescence. Mesonotal prescutum dark brownish black with a sparse grayish pile, the lateral margins of the segment broadly yellowish brown. Pleura dull brown with an indistinct dark brown stripe extending from the cervical sclerites caudad, becoming indistinct before the halteres; sternites brownish yeflow without darker mark- ings. Halteres short, pale, the knob brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters dull yellowish; femora dull brownish yellow with the apex rather narrowly blackened; tibiz yellowish brown, the tips of the hind legs scarcely darkened, the anterior pair narrowly blackened; tarsi black. Wings narrow, nearly hyaline, the stigma quite indistinct, the veins dark brown. Abdomen brown, the sternites somewhat paler. Holotype, &, South Island, Georgetown Co., S. Carolina; Aug. 19, 1915 (Alexander). The type is in the collection of the author. Tribe Eriopterint. Genus 7rimicra Osten Sacken. ~ ? Trimicra empedoides, sp. n. Male—Length 5.5-5.8 mm.; wing 7.7-8 mm. Female—Length 5.7 mm.; wing 6 mm. Rostrum dull yellow, the palpi brown. Antenne having the first segment with a gray bloom, the second segment dull yellow, flagellar segments dark brown with the base more yellowish, this bicoloured appearance becoming obliterated on the terminal seg- ments. Head pale yellow with a light gray bloom. Thoracic dorsum light gray, without stripes, excepting a very indistinct and narrow median vitta on the extreme anterior portion of the prescutum; beneath the gray bloom are three stripes; the lateral margins of the prescutum pale, yellowish; tuberculate pits situated far back on the sclerite, about on a level with the pseudo- . sutural fovea; the interspaces between the usual thoracic stripes with sparse coarse hairs; scutellum pale flesh colour. Pleura gray and yellow, the dorso-pleural membranes more yellowish. Halteres THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ’ 45 rather short, light yellow. Legs with the coxe comparatively small, pale, sparsely gray pruinose; trochanters dull yellow; femora swollen, brownish yellow, very hairy; tibia and the first segment of the tarsus dull brownish yellow, darkened at the apex, the terminal tarsal segments dark brown. Wings grayish subhyaline, the costal region yellowish brown, the veins C, Sc and R yellow, the remaining veins dark brown. Venation with Sc2 placed very far back from the tip of Sci, but distad of the base of the sector; cells Ri very broad and almost completely filled by the very large pubescent stigma; cross-vein 7 long, oblique, inserted at or slightly beyond the fork of the sector; Re+s long, about subequal to Re alone; basal deflection of Cu at the fork of M; cell 1st Me closed. Abdominal tergites brownish gray, broadly margined with | yellow caudally; sternites similar ,the pale margins less distinct; hypopygium pale. The female is similar to the male, but smaller, the stigma very small, and in the allotypic specimen the cell /st Mez open by the atrophy of the medial cross-vein (this latter condition undoubtedly abnormal). Holotype, &, Jemez Springs, New Mexico; altitude 6,400 feet; August 8, 1916 (John Woodgate). Allotype, 2, Ardmore,.South Dakota; August 10, 1915 (E. G. Holt). Paratype, o, with the allotype; August 5, 1915. The type and the allotype are in the collection of the author, the paratype in the collection’of the United States Biological Survey. This insect is provisionally referred to Trimicra, but undoubt- edly represents a new genus, which will be characterized in a later paper. Subfamily 77puline. Tribe T71pulint. Genus 77pula Linneus. Tipula (Cinctotipula) apache, sp. n. Male—Length 12.3-13.1 mm.; wing 11.8-12.2 mm. Female—Length about 18 mm.; wing 16 mm. Palpi black. Frontal prolongation of the head short, brown, dusted with gray above and with a narrow, linear, median, yellow, 46 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. dorsal line; nasus very long, tipped with long golden hairs: Anten- nee with the scapal segments very dark brown, the flagellum black. Front bright yellow; vertex yellow, this colour continuing as a point to the occiput; sides of the vertex and occiput dark brown. Pronotum dark brown, the scutum with three pale yellow spots, of which one is median in position; scutellum with the lateral angles yellowish. Mesonotal prescutum dark brown with a very broad median light gray stripe, which is narrowly bisected an- teriorly by a brown line, the lateral stripes very indistinct, brownish yellow; lateral margins of the prascutum pale brownish yellow; scutum with the median area shiny yellowish white, the lobes black « dusted with gray and margined with black; scutellum black, the median third somewhat elevated, testaceous; postnotum dark brownish black, narrowly whitish medially in front. Pleura dark brown, dusted with gray. Halteres blackish, the base more yellow- ish, the apex of the knob gray. Legs with the coxe brownish black; trochanters dark brown; femora and tibie dark brown narrowly blackened at the apex; tarsi dark brown. Wings infumed with dusky, a dark oval stigmal blotch; a vitreous band before the cord crossing the base of the elongate ceil /s¢ M2 and extending into cell Ms; a vitreous spot beyond the stigma in cell 2nd Ri; a number of short hairs in cell Rs and the tip of MW. Abdominal tergites largely brownish yellow, the caudal margin and the lateral margin except at the base brownish black; ninth tergite dark brown. Sternites similar, the extreme caudal margins of the sclerites with a fringe of pale appressed hairs. Holotype, ., Jemez Springs, New Mexico; altitude 6,400 feet; July 20, 1915 (Woodgate). Allotype, 9, South Fork of Eagle Creek, White Mts., New Mexico; altitude about 8,000 feet; August 13 (C. H. T. Townsend); at light. Paratypes, 2 o's, topotypic; July 12, 1915 (Woodgate). The allotype is in the collection of the United States National Museum; the type and paratypes are in the collection of the author. Tipula caroliniana, sp. n. Male—Length 18-19 mm.; wing 19-21 mm. Palpi dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head rather long, light brownish gray. Antenne with the first segment brown, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. AT the second segment and the apex of the first bright yellow; flagellar segments with the basal enlargement very prominent, blackened, the remainder of the segments dark brown, the apical segments more uniform; antenna elongated for this group of species. Head brownish gray, clearer and brighter toward the occiput and around the eyes; the vertex with a low tubercle bearing an impressed median line; a circular to transverse impressed mark just behind the base of the antenne meeting on the middle line before the tubercle. Mesonotal praescutum light gray, the stripes darker gray to brown, narrowly margined with dark brown; the median.-stripe is bisected by a pale line, which is likewise margined with brown; scutum brown with two light gray spots on each lobe, the largest lying caudad and proximad; scutellum and postnotum light gray, with a narrow brown median line. Pleura with the dorso-pleural membrane dull yellow, the sclerites light gray with a rounded brown spot just beneath the anterior spiracle and a smaller one on the mesopleura. Halteres light yellow, the knob brown. Legs with the coxe dusted with light gray; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown, the apex darker; tibiz brown, lightest at the base; tarsi brown. Wings with a light gray tinge, the costal cell more yellowish, stigma brown; a brownish blotch at the arculus and the origin of Rs; veins and the deflections of veins narrowly seamed with brown; hyaline spots before the cord, beyond the stigma in cell 2nd Ri. base of Re and R3; a rounded blotch in cell AZ at two- thirds the length of the cell; pale flecks in cell /st.A. Abdominal tergites varying from almost clear yellow through- out to a brownish yellow, the caudal margin narrowly yellowish, the lateral margins narrowly grayish; the base of the tergites with a transverse rectangular coarsely punctured area on either side of segments 3 to 5, somewhat as in 7. discolor Loew and similar species; second sternite brownish yellow with a large rounded black spot at the base; segments two to five with punctured areas on the sides of the sclerites, on segments two, four and five transverse, on seg- ment three oblique; apical sclerites brown, broadly yellowish on the caudal margin. Ninth tergite yellowish, the caudal margin with a small, shallow, rounded or rectangular median notch, the lateral lobes broad, obliquely truncated; dorsal surface with a 48 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. small black chitinized point on either side of the middle line con- nected transversely. Holotype, &, North Carolina. From the collection of C. V. Riley in the United States National Museum. Paratypes, 3 &’s, topotypic. The type and a paratype are in the collection of the United States National Museum, the remaining paratypes are in the collection of the author. This species falls in the same group with angustipennis Loew, balioptera Loew, centralis Loew, serta Loew, seplenirionalis Loew, etc., from all of which it is easily separated by the structure of the male genitalia. Tipula texensis, sp. n. Male—Length 11.3-12.5 mm.; wing 11.5-15 mm. Female—Length 13.4-13.6 mm.; wing 12.5-14 mm. Palpi dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head dark brown, with a sparse light gray bloom. Antenne with the first segment yellowish brown, with a sparse grayish bloom; second and third segments yellow or brownish yellow, the remaining flagellar segments yellow or dark brown basally, the terminal segments more uniformly dark brown. Head light gray, more yellowish on the occiput on either side of the median area; a delicate impressed, median, brown, dorsal line. Mesonotal preescutum light gray with dark brown stripes, the middle stripe broadly bisected by a vitta of the ground colour, which in turn is split medially by a delicate brown line; lateral stripes almost confluent with the median stripe; scutum light gray, the lobes with an oblique brown mark; scutellum grayish testaceous, with a very delicate median brown line; pestnotum light gray with or without a rather indistinct, impressed, median, brown line on the caudal fourth of the segment. Pleura light gray, indistinctly spotted with brown, the dorso-pleural membrane dull yellow. Halteres with the base bright yellow, darkening into brown on the knob. Legs yellow, with a grayish white bloom; trochanters yellow; femora dull yellow, the apex dark brown; tibia yellowish brown, only a little darkened at the apex; tarsi dark brown. Wings light _ gray, the stigma rectangular, brownish yellow; brownish blotches THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 at the origin of Rs, at about mid-length of cell R and in the middle of cell Re; hyaline blotches in cell R between the brown spots; a hyaline band before the cord; beyond the stigma in cell 2nd Ri and in the bases of cells Re, Rs and Rs; tip of cell Re hyaline; cells Mi and /st M2 largely hyaline. Abdominal tergites brownish yellow, with a very indistinct, interrupted, brownish, dorsal band becoming more distinct behind; a broad sublateral dark brown band on each side, lateral margins of the sclerites broadly, the caudal margins narrowly and indistinctly, whitish; sternites dull yellowish brown, darkest on the seventh and eighth segments; in some specimens indistinctly and interruptedly trivittate. The female is similar, with the antennal flagellum almost uniformly dark brown; the median abdominal vitta distinct. The maximum measurements given for the male sex are those of the holotype, a large and finely coloured specimen. Holotype, &, Dallas, Texas; April 7, 1906 (F. C. Pratt). Allotype, 2, Kerryville, Texas; March 25, 1908 (F. C. Pratt). Paratypes, o&, with the allotype; April 11, 1907; 2, San Augustine, Texas; March 22, 1908 (E. S. Tucker). The type and the paratype female are in the collection of the United States National Museum; the allotype and the paratype male in the collection of the author. Tipula aspidoptera, sp.'n. Male—Length 13.5-14.3 mm.; wing 13.6-15 mm. Female—Length 15 mm.; wing 4.9-5 mm. Palpi brown. Frontal prolongation of the head brownish gray, nasus short, but prominent with a few scanty hairs at the tip. Antenne with the three basal segments light brown, the remainder of the antenne uniform dark brown. Head light gray with a very narrow, indistinct median brown line. Pronotal scutum light gray, the scutellum largely yellow. Mesonotal preescutum light gray, the median brown stripe very broad, a little narrowed behind, the lateral stripes rather indistinct; scutum, scutellum and postnotum light gray. Pleura with the dorso-pleural membrane yellow, the pleura clear blue-gray. — Hal- teres long. slender, brown. Legs with the coxe clear blue-gray; trochanters gray; femora brownish yellow, only a little darkened 50 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST — $$ —. ——— —— —— —— ——=$§ at the tip; tibia yellowish brown, a little darker at the tip; tarsi dark brown. Wings pale brownish gray, the stigma brown, the costal cell brownish yellow; wings streaked with hyaline, this colour including the basal cells and cell Rs except the tip; cell /stA hyaline, except the broad apex. Abdomen brownish gray, clearer gray laterally, the caudal margin narrowly brownish yellow; ninth tergite broadly tipped with bright yellowish; sternites grayish brown. ‘The female is similar to the male, but the antenna are shorter, the wings reduced, extending about to the end of the third ab- dominal segment; valves of the ovipositor rather short, the tergal valves only a little longer than the sternal pair. Holotype, *, Bred from larvee taken at Alvarado, Texas (Hill) ; issued March 5, 1881. Allotype, 2, topotypic. Paratypes, 7, 2's, topotypic; o’, Dallas, Texas; April 16, 1906 (W. D. Hunter). The type, allotype and paratypes are in the collection of the United States National Museum, additional paratypes in the collection of the author. This interesting species of the tricolor group was bred from larve received in Washington, February 26, 1881, by Mr. Pergande from Mr. Jesse M. Hill, Alvarado, Texas. The specimens were given the lot-number 846 and the first fly issued March 5, 1881, the last on March 22, 1881 a total of some 13 males and 11 females, most of which are still in existence. This insect was determined as 7. eluta Loew with a question by Coquillett, which, however, has a long-winged female and the antenne bicolorous. In its unicolorous antenne it likewise differs from Tipula subeluta Johnson, which has bicolored flagellar segments, as clearly stated in the original characterization of the species, although Dr. Dietz’s key is misleading in this regard. Tipula comanche, sp. n. Male—Length 11.2 mm.; wing 12.4 mm. Female—Length 10.9 mm.; wing 11 mm. Palpi brown. Frontal prolongation of the head rather long, light gray, the nasus very short. Antenne with the first segment On — THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST rather long, brownish gray, the second segment yellowish brown, the flagellum elongated, the segments dark brownish black through- out, slightly incised beneath. Head light gray with a narrow, median, brown vitta. Mesonotal prascutum light gray with three brown stripes, of which the lateral pair are shortened; scutum with the lobes light gray, indistinctly brown in the centre; scutellum and postnotum light gray, the latter more whitish. Pleura with the dorso-pleural membrane yellowish, the sclerites clear blue-gray. Halteres elongate, light brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae pale, with a sparse whitish or gray bloom; trochanters brownish yellow; femora brown, darkened on the apical half; tibize and tarsi brown. Wings with a very pale picture, much paler than the similar eluta Loew and aspidoptera n., and in some respects suggest- ing sayz Alexander; the costal cell is yellowish; stigma rounded, yellowish brown; the membrane of the wing grayish hyaline, darkest on the apex and in the caudal cells; cell Rs almost hyaline like the basal cells. Abdomen brownish gray, the lateral margins of the segments broadly dull yellow, the caudal margins narrowly ringed with the same colour; hypopygium yellowish. Holotype, &, Paris ,Texas; April 13, 1904 (A. A..Girault). Allotype, 2, topotypic. The type is in the collection of the United States National Museum, the allotype in the collection of the author. Tipula guasa, sp. n. Male—Length 8.5-10.3 mm.; wing 8.5-10.9 mm. Female—Length 11.2 mm.; wing 9 mm. Palpi brown, the third segment pale at the base. Frontal prolongation of the head rather short, nasus not very prominent; the prolongation yellow, more brownish beneath, with a subim- pressed brown lateral line and a sparse gray bloom on the dorsal surface. Antenne with the first segment brown, the second segment paler, the apices of the scapal segments pale; flagellum short, dark brownish black, the segments short, broad _ basally, narrowed toward their tips, the segments not incised. Head dark brown, paler adjoining the eyes, a little grayish on the middle line 52 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST of the occiput; in some specimens the head is gray, with only the centre of the vertex dark brown. Pronotal scutum grayish brown; scutellum clear light yellow. Mesonotal prescutum grayish brown, the area before the pseudo- sutural fovee paler, yellowish; the usual lateral stripes are indistinct, but margined narrowly with dark brown; of the middle stripe only a single narrow dark brown line persists; the thoracic stripes in some specimens are quite obliterated; extreme lateral margin of the sclerite grayish; pseudosutural fovee very large, black; scutum grayish brown, the median area more yellowish, the lobes marked with brown; scutellum testaceous, more yellowish on the sides; postnotum lead-coloured, with a distinct median yellow vitta. Pleura yellow, with blue-gray blotches. MHalteres rather short, yellowish brown, the knobs dark brown. Legs having the coxe yellowish with a gray bloom; trochanters and femora dull yellow, the latter passing into brown on the terminal half; tibia dull yellow- ish brown, darker apically; tarsi dark brown. Wings grayish sub- hyaline, the costal region a little more yellowish, stigma pale brown. Abdominal tergites dark yellow, with a very broad median brown band, the caudal margin narrowly ringed with brown; ninth tergite dark brown with the caudal half yellowish; sternites yellow, indistinctly and broadly suffused with brown. The female has the tergal valves elongate, subacute, dark brown, the sternal valves shorter, more yellowish, acute. The paratype males from Calvert are much larger (the largest measurements given above) but in all other respects are indis- tinguishable from the small specimens taken at the type-locality. Holotype, *, Liberty, Texas; March 18, 1908 (E.S Tucker). Allotype, 2 , topotypic. Paratypes, 4 o's, topotypic; 3 o’s, Calvert, Texas; April 19, (W. W. Yothers). The type, allotype and paratypes are in the collection of the United States National Museum, additional paratypes in the collection of the author. The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 53 Tipula arizonica, sp. n. Male—Length 9.8-10 mm.; wing 11.8 mm. Female—Length 14.5 mm.; wing 14 mm. Palpi pale yellow with black hairs, the third segment with a sparse pale gray bloom, the terminal segment dark brown. Frontal prolongation of the head elongate, shiny yellowish, the extreme base light gray; nasus prominent. Antenne indistinctly bicolorous, the basal segments light yellow; the third segment yellow, passing into brown on the apical half; remainder of the flagellum dark brown, the basal enlargement a little more intense, the segments slightly incised. Head light gray with a subimpressed, very in- distinct median brown line; a row of large hairs following the inner margin of the eye. Thoracic dorsum opaque light yellow, without distinct stripes, although they may be faintly indicated beneath the bloom. Pleura yellow, with a sparse whitish bloom. Halteres rather short, but slender, brown, the knob a little darkened. Legs with the coxe vellow, very sparsely white pollinose; trochanters yellow; femora light yellow, soon passing into brown; tibia brownish yellow; tarst brown. Wings hyaline or nearly so, the costal cells yellowish, the stigma a little brownish, veins brown. Abdominal tergites yellow, the segments three to six more brownish, the segments broadly ringed with silvery; a rounded brown spot on the sides of segment two beyond mid-length of the sclerite; rounded brown spots on the sides of segments three to five at the base; hypopygium brownish; sternites yellow, the sclerites somewhat indistinctly ringed with silvery. Ninth tergite large, the lateral angles produced slightly and bent strongly ventrad; eighth sternite very large, prominent, the apex with a dense brush of yellow hairs. The female is like the male, but the antenne are shorter and more distinctly bicolorous; the spots on the sides of the abdomen rather distinct; tergal valves of the ovipositor very long, the tip rounded, the sternal valves very short, the apex abruptly truncated. Holotype, &, Williams, Arizona; May 30 (H. S. Barber). Allotype, 2, topotypic; May 29. The type is in the collection of the United States National Museum, the allotype in the collection of the author. 54 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE BEES OF THE CORONADO ISLANDS. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. Out in the Pacific, on the edge of the continental shelf, south- west of San Diego, California, are the Coronado Islands. They consist of four rocky elevations, submerged mountain-tops ap- parently; the largest, South Island, about two miles long. They belong to Lower California, and hence are part of Mexico. Formerly they were difficult of access, but now a small vessel makes daily trips from San Diego, and tourists visit the islands in numbers. On August 21, 1915, my wife and I spent two hours on South Island, colleotine the hitherto unrecorded insect-fauna, and especi- ally the bees.* Such isolated spots are extremely interesting to the evolution- ist. Their fauna and flora may throw light on the rate of modifica- tion of species, or they may preserve formerly widespread, but now nearly extinct, types. The vertebrates of the Coronados have already been rather carefully studied. They possess a mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus dubius Allen, which occurs elsewhere only on Todos Santos Islands, Lower California. It is a relatively large, dark form. The birds, 22 species, have been fully discussed in a very interesting paper by J. Grinnell and F. S. Daggett in The Auk, XX, 1903, pp. 27-37. One of them, Melospiza corona- torum, is peculiar to the islands, differing from its mainland relative by its much paler ground colour, narrower streaking and smaller bill. Another, Carpodacus clementis, agrees with a San Clemente I. form, and differs from that of the mainland by the bulky bill and heavy brown streaking. Thus it appears that the modification, when there is any, may be in quite opposite directions. Nine species of reptiles are recorded by Van Denburgh and Slevin, the most interesting being Gerrhonoius scincicauda ignavus, which belongs otherwise to the islands northward, Catalina and San Martin. The plants have been little studied, but a fine Malvaceous species, eee eee *Dr. E. P. Van Duzee, in his account of the Hemiptera of San Diego and vicin- ity, appears to record species from North Island Coronado but as his preface shows, they came from the north end of Coronado Beach, San Diego, locally called North Island. There is a possible source of confusion here, to be guarded against. February, 1926 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 55 Lavatera (Saviniona) insularis Watson, is peculiar to the islands. We found that one of the commonest species on South Island was Hazardia berberidis Gray, described from All Saints Bay, Lower California, and not found in the United States. I am indebted to Mrs. K. Brandegee for its identification. This is not the place to discuss the flora at length, but it may be added that already intro- duced weeds are becoming abundant in places, more particularly the European grass Achyrodes aureum Linn. (det. Agnes Chase). An abundant native fern proved to be Pellea andromedefolia Kaulf (det. Maxon). We found a single species of snail, Muicrarionta stearnsiana Gabb, in great abundance. It is a species characteristic of Lower California, extening up the coast to the region about San Diego. Among the insects, by far the most conspicuous species, occurring in great numbers, was a very fine Pepsis with red wings. I cannot, at present, separate it from the common P. formosa Say (chrysothemis R. Luc.), though it-seems somewhat different from a specimen collected in New Mexico. These wasps were observed to prey on the large “‘tarantula”’ spiders, which apparently belong to Avicularia californica Banks, described from near San Diego. Other wasps taken were an Odynerus and an ordinary-looking black Priononyx. The common ant of South Island is Messor andrei Mayr. The only butterfly seen, but this abundant, was Lycaena extlis Boisd.; a little larger than the form of the species found in New Mexico. A specimen of Hippodamia convergens Guér. was collected. Various other insects, some of which look interesting, will be reported on at a later date, when they can be determined. The bees number seven species, of which three are new, but one of them was also taken on the Californian coast. There are only two genera. Anthophora californica Cresson. One male, at flowers of Hazardia berberidis. A form with hair on thorax above paler than usual. Eyes yellowish green in life. Anthophora urbana Cresson. One male. A variety with dark tegule. Halictus catalinensis Cockerell. Five females. The abdominal hair-bands vary from fulvous to greyish white. The species was described from Catalina Island. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Ee fp) Halictus coronadensis, n. sp. Male—Length about 6.5 mm.; slender, head and thorax dark green, abdomen very obscurely greenish, almost black; hair of head and thorax moderately abundant, erect, pure white; clypeus greatly produced, the free lateral margins not much less than half diameter of apex; malar space short; mandibles with a ferruginous subapical band; hair of face beautifully plumose, dense at sides; supraclypeal area shining yellowish green; eyes deeply emarginate; front dull; ocelli rather large; antennae very long, flagellum light fulvous beneath; mesothorax dull, with a minutely granular appearance; scutellum shining, sparsely punctured; area of meta- thorax with very fine radiating stria, and no sharp edge; posterior truncation not sharp-edged; tegulz fulvous, dark at base; wings ample, hyaline, faintly greyish, stigma and nervures dusky brown; outer nervures not weakened; first r. n. joining second s. m.a short distance before end; third s. m. much broader above than second; legs black, the femora green behind; abdomen dull, appearing minutely granular, constricted at the ends of the first three seg- ments, the extreme margin coppery-red; no bands, but surface of abdomen, especially at sides, with conspicuous erect hair; ventral segments not modified, except that the sixth has a delicate median raised line. - Type locality, Coronado Islands, L. Calif., Aug. 21 (7. and W. Ckil.). Also collected at La Jolla, California, August (Cockerell). When I collected these, I supposed I was getting males of Halictus catalinensis, of which the females occurred at the same place on the Coronado Is., but on examination it is impossible to associate the insects, which differ in many particulars, but especially in the shape of the fac>. The male of H. catalinensis is presumably more or less like that of the allied H. provancheri, but the new form is entirely different from provancheri. It appears to be a quite isolated form, standing between Halictus and Augochlora. The strongly emarginate eyes would suggest its reference to Augochlora, but the venation and coloration are those of Halictus. Halictus grinnelli, n. sp. Female-——Length about 5.5 mm.; robust, head and thorax - olive green, abdomen and legs black; pubescence white, not very THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 57 abundant; head broad; clypeus not much produced, the lower half black; supraclypeal area brassy; front and sides of face well punc- tured, the middle of front as closely punctured as possible, not striate; antenne black; che_ks shining; mesothorax shining, strongly and rather closely punctured all over; scutellum closely, more finely punctured; area of metathorax strongly sculptured all over with anastomosing ridges, producing a finely reticulate effect; tegulee rufofuscous with paler margins, impunctate; wings hyaline, not reddish; stigma and nervures reddish testaceous; hind spur with three long blunt spines, the basal one remarkably long; first abdominal segment smooth and shining, though minutely punctured; the other segments duller and more punctured, those beyond the second pruinose with pale hair. South Island, Coronado Islands, L. Calif., Aug. 21 (7. and W. Ckil.). Five females, visiting Composite. One would not take this for a southern or desert species; it rather has the aspect of those of the mountains and of the north. It falls near to H. perpunctatus Ellis, but has the mesothorax more coarsely and less densely punctured, wings not reddish, area of metathorax shorter, etc. A related but quite distinct form, which Mrs. M. D. Ellis has named in manuscript as a subspecies of H. perpunctatus, occurs in Southern California. I have named this species and the next after the naturalists to whom we are indebted for an excellent account of the birds of the Coronado Islands. Halictus daggetti, n. sp. Male—Length about 5.5 mm.; head and thorax olive green, abdomen black; pubescence white; clypeus moderately produced; face and front hairy; antenne very long (reaching middle of meta- thorax), flagellum rather thick, ferruginous beneath, narrowly so on the apical part; inner orbits submarginate; mesothorax and scu- tellum brilliantly shining, well punctured, sparsely on disc of mesothorax; area of metathorax sculptured essentially as in HZ. grinnelli; tegule shining piceous; wings milky-hyaline, stigma testaceous bordered with fuscous, nervures fuscous, second s. m. narrower above; mesopleura closely punctured; legs black, with pale hair; abdomen shining, but finely and rather closely punctured, with erect pale hair, especially conspicuous at sides; the suture 58 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. between the first and second dorsal segments deeply constricted, that between the second and third moderately constricted. South Island, Coronado Islands, Aug. 21, three males (7. and W. Ckil.). at first supposed that this was the male of H. grinnelli, but the thorax and wings are so different that it seems necessary _ to regard it as a distinct species. Halictus nevadensis Crawford. One female taken; a little larger than the mainland form, which is apparently the commonest small green /Zalictus of Southern California. I took the species at the Scripps Institute, La Jolla, and at Orange. NOCTUID NOTES FROM WESTERN CANADA, WITH DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES AND A VARIETY. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MIDNAPORE, ALTA. Cucullia omissa, sp. nov. Closely allied to asteroides Guen. and _ postera Guen. It principally differs from asteroides in being darker through. out, and having dark secondaries in both _ sexes. Even the darkest specimens of asteroides seem always to have a faint violaceous tinge to the grey of the thorax and primaries, which omissa always lacks. The discoidal spots are even less distinct than in asteroides. In all asteroides which I have examined the secondaries are clean pearly white in the basal half or two- thirds, with a very irregular and narrow dusky outer border in the male, and a broader and darker one in the female. In all my omissa the secondaries are fuscous throughout, though palest basally. As is the case in postera, or at least in the prairie form of that species, the secondaries are practically alike in both sexes. In a few of the darkest specimens there is a small discal spot on the secondaries beneath. Some specimens come very near the prairie form of postera in colour, but the new species is less maculate and streaky than that, and the discoidal spots are much less dis- tinct, being in fact almost obliterated by the rusty red shade overlaying the cell and areas immediately beyond it. The longi- tudinal streak at the anal angle, the preceding crescent and cloud, February, 1916 : THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 59 are -exactly as in postera and asteroides. A dark brown streak bordering the full length of the inner margin exists in all omissa under examination, and is usually more obvious than in aséeroides, much more so than in postera, from which it is often altogether — absent. Size of asteroides. Described from 13 oc and8 2 2. Localities:5 io, 2 2 2 Head of Pine Creek, near Calgary; May 18th (one), June 25th t August 13th, collected by the author; one pair, Windermere, B. C., July 12th, 1907 (the author); 1 2, Nelson, B. C. (H. Cane); 1 ¢, 3 92, Aweine, Man., June 6-14, 1910 (Criddle); 6 oo, Cart- wright, Man. (Heath collection); 1 9, Hymers, Ont., July 11th, 1912 (H. Dawson); and 1 9, Breezy Point, N.H., July 2-9, 1912 (L. W. Swett). ivpes —— co ? 11.30 104 95 102 12.30 114 99 FZ ili) 130 109 126 2.30 138 115 136 3.30 146 22 142 4.30 148 127 148 5.30 152 138 149 6.30 162 140 158 7.00 1G0e>, AOR 154 7.30 159 140 153 Outside temperatures: Maximum, 73 F. Minimum 64 F. Thermometers: No. 3—On wall in Ist infested bedroom. No. 4—On bed in 2nd infested bedroom. No. 5—On wall in 3rd infested bedroom. At 1.30 pm. many of the adults and nymphs had succumbed, - and by 4.30 p.m. they were all dead. However, the heating was not discontinued at this point, but was prolonged until 7.30 p.m. because it was considered probable that it would take a longer 76 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST exposure to destroy the eggs. The results obtained from this treatment were very gratifying—the bedbugs in all stages were wholly eradicated and the house furniture was not damaged in the slightest degree. It is more than probable that the above noted temperatures were unnecessarily high, and that the superheating would have been equally effective if the temperature had been maintained between 120 F. and 130 F. SUNFLOWER INSECTS IN CALIFORNIA: AND SOUTH AFRICA. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO, On August 16th, 1915, I had an opportunity to collect and study the insects on Helianthus lenticularis, the common wild sunflower, at Orange, California. The plants grow commonly by the roadside, where, at this season of the year, they are practically the only wild flowers to be seen. I was unable to find any char- acters on which to separate the Californian Sunflower from that of Colorado. There was a good deal of variability, thus three plants growing close together showed: (a). Rays 20, short and broad, obttse, 34 mm. long, 14 broad, light orange, suffusedly deeper basally. (b). Rays 21, acute, 29 mm. long, 7.5 broad, coloured nearly as in a. (c). Rays 18, long, length 40 mm., width 9.5, entirely uniform deep orange. No wild H. lenticularis was noticed between San Francisco and Santa Barbara, but the plant was abundant by roadsides in the region round Los Angeles, and also about culti- vated fields in the San Diego region. The object of my investigations was in part to determine, if possible, whether 7. Jenticularis was really a native of California. On reviewing the insect fauna, it appears to show less special adaptation than that on the Rocky Mountain sunflowers, and tends to support the view that the species has been introduced. The sunflower fauna at Orange, as obtained on August 16th was as follows: Hymenoptera Halictus armaticeps Cresson. Six females, collecting pollen. Halictus nevadensis Crawford. Three females. March, 1916 ~~ ——e dard THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. id Halictus helianthi, n. sp. One female. Length about 4 mm., anterior wing 3 mm.; head and thorax dark green, abdomen and legs piceous; hind margins of abdominal segments obscurely reddish; pubescence dull white; wings hyaline, iridescent, nervures and stigma testaceous. Head ordinary; eyes converging below; mandibles dark ferruginous, black at base; antenne dark, flagellum obscurely reddened beneath apically; tegule piceous, strongly punctured; mesothorax dullish, finely and distinctly punctured; area of metathorax delicately sculptured. Microscopic characters: Front densely punctured; a delicate keel between antenne; tegula well punctured; mesothorax reticu- lated between the punctures, which are well separated on disc; area of metathorax with few, delicately wrinkled plica, on a minutely reticulate surface, and with no sharp or shining edge posteriorly; scutellum rather sparsely punctured; abdomen with very minute scattered punctures, close to Hl. perparvus Ellis from Arizona, but perparvus differs thus: Mesonotum yellow- green, contrasting with the dark blue-green of rest of thorax (in heliantht no marked contrast; mesothorax is an obscure olive green); second and third abdominal segments not, or not notice- ably, punctured (in helianthi very distinctly punctured in the sub- basal region, where the pigmentation is strongest); plicee of area of metathorax of same general type, but larger and more numerous, and the minute reticulation is stronger and yet more minute, producing the appearance of a very finely malleate surface (in heliantht, especially apically, there are very delicate mainly trans- verse lines); plumose hairs on posterior face of metathorax shorter. (The nearest relative in Southern California is H. tegulariformis Crawf., which I took at La Jolla in August; this is larger than helianthi and has the mesothorax brighter, yellowish green.) Agapostemon texanus Cresson. Two females. Melissodes aurigenia Cresson. One female, collecting pollen; 7 males, three of them denuded. Pseudomelecta californica Cresson. One female. Diadasia enavata Cresson. One female, collecting pollen. The absence of any species of Andrena and Megachile is note- worthy. A single Bombus was seen on the flowers, but not cap- tured. No honey-bees were on the flowers, though they were in the vicinity. - 78 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Small Torymids were present; one had been captured by a Thomisid spider. COLEOPTERA. ; Desmoris constrictus Say. Grey sunflower weevils were in some numbers; I did not feel sure on casual inspection that they were identical with our Colorado D. constrictus, but Mr. H. C. Fall kindly informs me that they belong to that species. A single Diabrotica was seen. LEPIDOPTERA. Eupithecia sp. Small yellow geometrid larve were common on the flower heads, feeding on the rays, which they resembled in colour. I bred from one of them a small Expithecia, not yet de- termined. This is the best example of a specially adapted insect apparently peculiar to the Pacific Coast region, in the series. It may however, have lived originally on one of the native yellow- rayed composite. A single Pyrameis was seen on the flowers, but no other butter- flies. HEMIPTERA. Acholla tabida Stal. Common; one had captured a small Halictus. Determined with the aid of advice from Dr. Van Duzee. Lygus pratensis L. One. The absence of Phymata was noteworthy. An aphid of the genus. Macrosiphum was abundant on_ the sunflowers in one place. I referred specimens to the University of California, and Mr. Swain, who examined them, considers them “nearest to M. sonchi L.”’ They are, however, certainly not M. sonchi. Chrysopa eggs were found on the aphid-infested plants. ARACHNIDA. Spiders, which were numerous on the flowers, included the following, kindly determined by Dr. N. Banks: Icius vitis Cockerell (Attida). Common. Chiracanthium inclustum Hentz (Clubionide). Teiragnatha laboriosa Hentz. (Tetragnathide.) Runcinia aleatoria Hentz (Thomiside.) Misumana diegot Keyserling (Thomiside.) The last is a special Californian form, represented, however, by a similar species in Colorado. The first is very widely? dis- md | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST io tributed in the west; the others are common species of wide range over North America. In addition to the above, I obtained some small Hymenoptera, etc., which I have not yet tried to determine. SUNFLOWER INSECTS IN THE TRANSVAAL. Mr. !. Burtt-Davy has been growing the red sunflowers (/7. annuus coronatus) at Burttholm, Vereeniging, Transvaal, and has found the following lepidopterous visitors to the flower-heads, the first three being the most frequent. I give in brackets the nomen- clature of recent revisions: Plusia orichalcea (Phytometra orichalcea Fabricius). Plusia chalcites (Phytometra chalcytes Esper.). Melicleptria armigera (Chloridea obsoleta Fabricius). Plusia exquisita (Phytometra exquisita Felder). Plusia oxygramma (possibly Phytometra albostriata Brem. & Gr.; true oxygramma is American). Zinckenta fascialis (Hymenia fascialis Cramer). Audea catocala (Ulothrichopus catocala Felder). Empusada chrysota Hampson. Coradrena sp. Thusit appears that in S. Africa sunflowers attract Plusiines exactly as they do in this country. TWO LOCALITY CORRECTIONS. In the Canadian Entomologist, October, 1915, pp. 329 and 331, Dr. Dietz described two new species of Tipulidae, which we had sent to him, viz., Limnobia gracilis and Dicranomyia aquita, the localities given being ‘ Tsolinoi Lake—about five miles north of Athabaska Lake—July 5th, 1914 (F. Harper) and ‘Fort Resolu- tion, August 24th, 1914 (F. Harper.)”’ I have been recently in- formed by Mr. Harper, who collected the specimens, that the localities should be changed to read as follows: Limnobia gracilis—Tsal-Wor Lake, Saskatchewan, about eight miles from the north shore of Lake Athabaska, at a point midway of its length. Dicranomyia aquita—District of Mackenzie, along the south. shore of Great Slave Lake. ARTHUR GIBSON, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont. 80 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. THE STONEFLIES OF THE GENUS PELTOPERLA.4 BY JAMES G. NEEDHAM AND LUCY W. SMITH, ITHACA, N. Y. This obscure genus of stone-flies is of wide distribution in North America, and it includes a considerable number of species, only two of which have hitherto been made known. The type species P arcuata was described by the senior author in 1899 in the Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. However, specimens of both adult and larva of this species had long reposed in the Cornell University collection. In 1907 Nathan Banks described a second species, P. minor, from British Columbia. In 1912, Professor H. Garman published an excellent figure of anymph belonging in this genus in Bulletin No. 159 of the Kentucky Agricul- tural Experiment Station. This specimen was from a rill flowing into Straight Creek near Cary, Kentucky, and was labelled “An Un- determined Stonefly nymph, (No. 3).” Meanwhile specimens for study have been coming into our hands from various quarters: from Ramapo, N. Y., contributed by Mr. William T. Davis; from Black Mts, N. Carolina, loaned by Mr. William Beutenmuller; from several localities in Georgia, collected by Dr. J. C. Bradley; from Nevada, loaned from the Museum of Comparative Zoology by the curator, Mr. Samuel Henshaw. There are also a few specimens bearing only general locality designation from unknown sources in the Cornell Uni- versity collections, and along with these a few nymphs from British Columbia, from California, from Arizona,.and from Wash- ington, D. C. One species, described below as P. maria, from Pelham, Mass., has been collected and reared by the junior author. No good characters have as yet been discovered for distinguishing this nvmph from that of P. arcuata, or from those of the other species which have not as yet been reared. This paper will there- fore be limited to characterization of the adult forms. Soft-bodied stoneflies such as these make very unsatisfactory pinned specimens. They shrivel like prunes in drying, and, as a rule, the best differential characters offered by the genitalia may be made out only by boiling and softening and expanding the specimens The colours fade hopelessly, either pinned or in alcohol. Our descriptions of colour will therefore be useful only in so far March, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. sl as thev indicate general distribution of the deeper pigmentation areas. What is described from pickled or mummified specimens as yellow may have been green in life. This genus includes species varying from 10 mm. to 20 mm. in length, and from 18 mm. to 50 mm. in expanse of wings. It is characterized by the possession of but two ocelli, by having a broadly depressed body, short head retracted under the front of a wide prothorax, long antenne, and very short caudal filaments that are often hardly longer than the abdomen is wide. The venation of the wings is characterized by numerous costal cross- veins, a short sub-costal vein, not reaching the level of the cord, and the branches of the vein Cu | appear to spring from its anterior side. Nymphs of this genus, so far as observed hitherto, live in spring-fed rivulets under stones. About Ithaca, N. Y., they are not uncommon in such places, and they are abundant in a small southern tributary to Enfield Creek near the mouth of the gorge. The nymphs are unique in form, having a wide thorax, broadly rounded and covered with an appressed pubescence above. The abdomen is narrower and rather short. A few long tapering gill filaments protrude backward singly about the base of the legs, both dorsally and ventrally. Nine species are here described, of which seven are believed to be new. Only the adults are characterized, and, unfortunately, but one sex is known as yet in the case of several of the species. The accompanying plate will doubless serve better than the de- scriptions for distinguishing the species. The drawings of genitalia and of the disc of the prothorax have all been done on uniform scale. They are the work of the junior author. Two very distinct types of male genitalia occur in this genus. One is represented only by a new species from Nevada, Peltoperla thyra. In this, the 9th abdominal segment is abbreviated almost to complete disappearance on the mid-dorsal line; the mid-ventral callosity is a mere crescentric transverse ridge at the base of a deep V-shaped suture, the supra-anal plate is remarkably hyper- trophied, elevated, bent forward in the middle, and armed with a pair of lateral expansions beside its knobbed tip (Fig. 14). In the other group, represented by all the other species of which 82 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. males are known (Figs. 5, 8 and 11) the 9th abdominal segment is’ prolonged on the mid-dorsal line; its mid-ventral callosity is ele- vated on a clavate pedicel; the supra-anal is rudimentary, and the subanal plates are developed as a pair of upcurving hooks, whose tips meet the prolongation of the tergum of the 9th segment. These differences are so remarkable that in any other order of insects they would doubtless be used to distinguish genera; but here they appear not to be accompanied by corresponding diffe ences in other parts and . e must agree with Enderlein that the remarkable differences in secondary sexual characters often found in a series of species of Plecoptera, otherwise uniform, are probably not of generic significance. There are slight venational differences between species, in the number of cross-veins in certain areas, and in the number of terminal forks of veins Rs and Cu, but in absence of a considerable ° series of specimens, we have no means of knowing how constant are the apparent differences, and our experience with such characters in this order leave us little confidence in their reliability. Peltoperla brevis appears, however, to be the only species in which the radial sector is but once forked beyond the cord. The differences in the form of the apex of the 8th ventral segment in the female is prob- ably the most available criterion of the remaining species. __ Pelto- perla anna is the only species which shows no appreciable prolonga- tion of the apex of this sternite: P. dorethea, P. ada and P. arcuata have it successively more prolonged and entire; P. maria, P cornelia and P. cora have it successively prolonged and with a wide median notch. The two species hitherto made known are not here redescribed but new figures of them are given in the accompanying plate. DESCRIPTION OF NEW SfECiES Peltoperla maria, n. sp. Length of female 16 mm.; expands 27 mm. Colour brownish, darker on the sides of the thorax and apex of the abdomen. Head yellowish with a diffused brownish blotch on the disc in front of the ocelli. Antenne yellowish, paler for a distance Leyond the two basal segments, which are thick and brownish. Wings yellow hyaline with brownish veins. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. * 83 There are some 14 cross-veins in the costal space before the end of the subcosta, and seven beyond. The cross-veins in the median and cubital areas are 5 and 7 respectively. Legs yellowish brown, not distinctly bicoloured; Sth ventral segment of the female slightly produced and broadly emarginate in the middle by a shal- low wide notch. Type—A female in the Cornell University collection from Pelham, Mass., reared on the 20th of May, 1913, by the junior author. Peltoperla anna, n. sp. Length of male 13 to 14 mm.; expands 23 mm. Length of female 20 mm.; expands 27 mm. A yellowish species (possibly greenish in life), having inter- segmental darker areas about the bases of the legs and on the sides of the thorax. Head yellow. Antenne yellowish, slightly darker on the pedicel and on the apical half. Prothorax with pale brown marks just before the middle of the dise and a transverse brownish crescent close to the rear margin. Legs yellow, with a knee-cap of brownish-yellow on the base of the tibia externally, and the tips of the tarsi alsc brownish. Abdomen yellow, with broad, half-rings of brown margining the ventral segments. A pair of large, brownish blotches almost covers the 9th segment ventrally and the tips of the subanal plates are suffused with brown. Wings vellowish hyaline, with the veins darker. The Sth ventral segment of the female shows in this species no elongations. The plate is cut squarely across the margin, and scarcely differs in appearance from that of adjacent segments. At the base of the 9th ventral segment of the male, there is a chitinized knob supported upon a short pedicel directed backward. The apex of this segment is slightly produced upward in the rear and covers the bases of the enlarged subanal places, which are pointed, and reach with their tips the level of the dorsum of the segment. Caudal appendages short, abruptly tapering; each of the segments beyond the 4th basal bears a single, stout, down. wardly directed seta. Types—-Male and female, in the Cornell University collection were collected at Burton, Ga., (altitude 1800 feet), on May 2lst, ~ 1911, by Dr. J. Chester Bradley. S4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a Peltoperla cornelia, n. sp. Length of female 18 mm.; expands 30 mm. Colour brownish-yellow. Head yellow, except for an obscure brownish diffused spot before and between the ocelli. Disc of prothorax pale brownish, obscurely and coarsely rugose. Legs yellowish, with the sides of the femora brown. A dark basal knee- cap covers the tibiee, with apices of tibia and all of the tarsi brown. Abdomen entirely yellow. Wings smoky-yellowish, the veins brown, costal cross-veins closely crowded, there being about 15 before the end of the subcosta and 8 beyond. The 8th ventral segment of the femora, produced backward to cover about half of the 9th segment, broadly rounded on the sides and very broadly emarginate in the middle, and a wide netch that is hardly more than an undulation of the margin. Type—A single female collected at Cornelia, Georgia, on the 5th of April, 1906 (possibly the 4th of May, the label bearing the designation, ‘‘5-4’’). Peltoperla dorothea n. sp. Length of male 14 mm.; expands 21 to 28. Length of female 17 mm.; expands 28 to 30. Colour, pale brownish. Head yellowish, except for a broadly diffused band between the eyes before and between the ocelli. The ocelli are somewhat nearer to the eyes than to each other. An- tenne brownish and distinctly yellowish basally just beyond the 2nd segment. Prothorax, nearly straight across the front margin, with nearly parallel sides and very broadly rounded hind margin. Angles all obtuse. Rugosity upon the discs few, irregular, and somewhat paler. Thorax and abdomen brownish on the sides, yellow below. Wings smoky-hyaline, with brown veins. Seta yellow, slightly darker on the tip, densely clothed with vellowish hair and bearing beneath a line of long, stout spines, one on each ‘segment. The 9th ventral segment of the male bears a conspicuous knob upon a stalk that rises from the extreme base of the segment. The apical border is upturned, partly covering the bases of the sub-anal hooks, which are up-curved, parallel and sharp-pointed, and reach to the rear of the dorsal segment. The 8th ventral segment of the female is entire and moderately produced into a PLATE V- Can. Ent., Vol. XLVIII. 10 THE GENUS PELPOPERLA. 86 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST broadly-rounded lobe which covers nearly the entire width of the 9th segment, but only the basal third of its length. The male type is from Ramapo, New York, collected on the 31st of May by Mr. William T. Davis. The female type is in the American Museum of Natural History, and was collected by Mr. William Beutenmuller in the Black Mountains of North Carolina in May. There are several male and female co-types collected at the same time and place by Mr. Beutenmuller. Peltoperla ada, n. sp. Length of female, 14 mm.; expands 24 mm. A slender yellow species. Head wholly yellow. Antenne yellow at the base, growing somewhat darker beyond the basal third. Prothorax yellow, with indistinct, embossed markings on the disc, shorter than usual, its length being about half its width. Front border nearly straight, sides converging posteriorly, a little border around hind margin. Legs pale yellowish, excepting the extreme tips of the tarsi, which are darker. Abdomen and sete yellow. The Sth ventral segment of the female produced backward in a broadly rounded entire lobe, which covers two-thirds of the 9th segment. 7 ype—One female specimen in the Cornell University collec- tion, collected at Black Rock Mountain, Ga., May 24, 1911, by Dr. |. Chester Bradley. Peltoperla cora, n sp. Length of female 28 mm , expands 50 mm. Yellowish brown. Top of head wholly yellow. Distance between ocelli about one-half distance from ocellus to eye. An- tenne pale brown, base pale yellow. Prothorax concave in front, bulging at sides, slightly narrowed posteriorly with obtuse hind angles, hind border straight across middle, sloping backward at sides; length littlke more than one-half width; margins strongly flaring; disc concolorous, obscurely and sparsely rugose. Legs mostly brown, tarsi wholly so; femora and tibiae paler on the sides with margins brown, darker externally. Abdomen brownish, yellow below, excepting the immense ventral plate of the 8th segment, which almost covers the 9th segment. It is very broad, with wide and shallow apical emargina- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 87 tion. Seta brown, with yellowish bases, very short and abruptly tapering. Type—A single female from Reno, Nevada, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Peltoperla thyra, n. sp. Length of male 18 mm.; expands 30 mm. Colour yellowish brown. Head obscure, but a little darker around the ocelli. Prothorax nearly uniform yellowish brown, faintly rugose, somewhat more squarely angled than in the other species, though like the others narrowed posteriorly and some- what rounded behind. Legs vellow, with tips of tibia and tarsi darker. Wings yellowish-hyaline; veins amber-brown: abdomen _yellowish, with the apical segments much darker, Seta yellowish basally, darker towards the apex. The 9th ventral segment is divided by a U-shaped suture, which separates off the upturned posterior lobe from the basal part of the segment, and just before the suture on the mid-ventral line there is a broad, chitinous callosity that is very different from the knob of the males of the other two species above described. It is not elevated upon a stalk, but merely caps the mid-ventral - portion of the hind margin of this basal half of the sternum of the 9th segment. On the dorsal side the 9th segment is broadly excavated on its hind margin, a wide V-shaped notch almost dividing it in two in the median line. The edges of the V are up- turned and chitinized. The 10th segment is not visible externally. reduced to a very narrow, thinly chitinized ring that is somewhat wider below. Supra-anal plate remarkably developed, broadened upward, and then recurved forward at its tip, knobbed at the end and bearing two thinner, wing-like appendages at its sides. The median terminal knob is beset with backwardly curved prickles. The ventral callosity of the 9th segment is crescentic in outline when viewed from below. Within the apex of the 9th segment there are visible a pair of chitinized appendages, the nature of which is unknown. They are divergent basally, parallel and approximate at their tips, and possibly are in the nature of copula- tory organs. Type—Single male specimen from Nevada in the Cornell University cellection. 88 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST EXPLANATIONS OF PLATE V. Fig. 1. Peltoperla arcuata Needham.—End of abdomen of ¢ adult in ventral view. Fig. 2. Peltoperla arcuata pips es —Wings. Fig. 3. Peltoperla maria, n. sp.—End of abdomen of Q in ventral view. Fig. 4. Peltoperla anna, n. sp.—End of abdomen of 2 in ventral view. Fig. 5. Peltoperla anna, n. sp.—End of abdomen of &@ in left lateral view. . Fig. 6. Pelotperla cornelia, n. sp.—End of abdomen of- 2 in ventral view. Fig. 7. Peltoperla jotaoees: n. sp.—End of abdomen of © in ventral view. Fig. 8. Peltoperla dorothea, n. sp.—End of abdomen of & in left lateral view. Fig. 9. Peltoperla ada, n. sp.—End of abdomen of 9 in ventral view. Fig. 10. Peltoperla brevis Banks.—End of abdomen of 9 in ven- tral view. Fig. lla. Peltoperla brevis Banks.—End of abdomen of & in left lateral view. Fig. llb. Peltoperla brevis Banks.—Ninth sternite of & show- ing median callosity. Fig. 12. Peltoperla brevis Banks.—Outline of prothorax. Fig. 13. Peltoperla arcuata Needham.—Outline of prothorax. Fig. 14a. Peltoperla thyra—End of abdomen of male in left lateral view. Fig. 14b. Peltoperla thyra-~—Extremity of supra-anal plate, viewed from behind. Fig. 15. Peltoperla thyra —Outline of prothorax. Fig. 16. Peltoperla ada.—Outline of prothorax. Fig. 17. Peltoperla dorothea.—Outline of prothorax. Fig. 18. Peltoperla maria —Outline of prothorax. Fig. 19. Peltoperla anna.—Outline of prothorax. Fig. 20. Peltoperla cora—End of abdomen of female in ventral view. Fig. 21. Peltoperla cora —Outline of prothorax. Fig. 22. Peltoperla cornelia.—Outline of prothorax. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 89 —— NOTE ON AN INTERESTING CASE OF TWO GENERA- TIONS OF A PARASITE REARED FROM: THE SAME INDIVIDUAL HOST: BY P. H. TIMBERLAKE, U. S. DEFT. AGRICULTURE, BUREAU OF ENTO- MOLOGY, CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECT INV ESTIGAT.ONS. In. the course of investigations of Dinocampus americanus (Riley), a common Braconid parasite of many of the larger species of Coccinellids, conducted in relation to cereal and forage crop insects, several interesting features have developed, not the least important of which is the discovery that parasitism is not invari- ably fatal to the beetles. On September 5th, 1914, a beetle of Hippodamia convergens in one of the writer’s experiments was found giving issue to a parasite which in due course of time spun its cocoon beneath the host. The beetle, a large vigorous female behaved in the usual manner of parasitized specimens, clinging tenaciously to the cocoon and remaining in a comatose condition for several days. On the seventeenth of the same month it was found wandering about the vial rather feebly, but of its own volition, as if in search of food, having recovered to a large extent from its lethargy. The beetle consequently was fed with aphids and was seen to eat freely. Within a few days it largely recovered its strength, seemed to be perfectly healthy and ate freely whenever fed. On the eighth of October, however, it was found in a weak condition and died shortly afterward, having fallen a victim apparently to a common disease of Coccinellids, which in its manifestations is somewhat similar to the wilt disease of caterpillars. The beetle subsequently was subjected to a thorough examination and dissection. The wound on the dorsal side of the abdomen at the apex through which the parasite had escaped was found completely healed over by the deposition of black, chitinous matter. The ovaries were developed considerably more than they could have been when the parasite issued, although far from producing eggs, and in the ab- dominal cavity the molt skin of the first stage larva was found. In the meantime out of a few beetles of the same species collected on September 22nd and 28rd at Salt Lake City, Utah, one March, 1916 90 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. male on dissection was found to contain the remains of a first stage larva of the parasite. The remains, consisting of the chitinized parts of the head, were either a molt skin or less probably what was left of a larva that had died for some unaccountable reason long previously. Although it did not occur to the writer to ex- amine the abdomen of the beetle for evidence of the wound through which the full-grown larva possibly had escaped, yet the evidence, if not complete, was in favor of the theory that the host under normal conditions in the field had recovered after becoming a victim of the parasite. During the past season further observations to the same effect have been made. In a letter to the writer Mr. Harrison E. Smith cites the case of a beetle of Coccinella 9-notata collected at Agawam, Mass., which under his observations fully recovered from the effects of parasitism and lived at least six weeks after the parasite had issued from its body. In a long series of experiments with about twenty different hosts, the writer also found that beetles of Olla abdominalis in five out of nine cases observed fully recovered within a few days after the larva.of the parasite had made its escape. Such beetles failed to become palsied and wandered away fron the cocoon, even before the construction of the latter was fairly under way. One beetle, a female, was noted to be exceptionally active just after the parasite had issued and ran about the vial as if nothing had happened. This female having been mated in the meantime, began to deposit eggs after an inter- val of twenty-two days. It occured to the writer that it ought to be possible to rear a second generation of the parasite from these beetles, and the experiment was tried out, consequently, with entire success in two cases. The complete data of one of these experiments are as follows: August 2nd—o Olla abdominalis, reared from stock collected at Brownsville, Texas (M. M. High). August 5th—Beetle exposed to parasite, the fourth generation - originally fron Hippodamia convergens, collected im Humboldt Canyon, California (received from Harry S. Smith). - August 25th—Cocoon of parasite found, the beetle active. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 9} August 30th— 2 Dinocampus issued from cocoon. September 12th—Beetle re-exposed to the parasite that issued from it. November 4th—Second cocoon found. November 10th— Beetle found dead. Dissection gave proof of successive parasitism. November 17th—@ Dinocampus issued’ from second cocoon. These observations show conclusively that this particular parasite does not injure the vital organs of the host in the least. In the great majority of cases, however, the fatty lymph tissues of the host are left in such a depleted condition that the beetle soon dies, and the wound through which the parasite escapes in itself probably would be fatal in most instances. It is only the exceptionally vigorous beetles which recover. The observations also illustrate an adaptation of parasite to host rarely seen in such perfection elsewhere. Many of the parasites of homopterous insects do not kill their hosts until the latter in part at least have fulfilled their reproductive functions, but here we find a condition still more favorable to host and parasite alike, in which the host ultimately is left uninjured and free to reproduce its kind. A NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF NITIDULINI, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF OTHER NEW SPECIES OF COLEOPTERA FROM INDIANA AND FLORIDA. BY W. S. BLATCHLEY, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA. Among the Coleoptera collected during the last two winters in Florida are a number of species which I am not able to identify from the literature extant. As I was making a trip to Cambridge, Philadelphia and Washington last August to study the types of certain Rhynchophora in the LeConte, Horn, and other Collections, I took some of these Florida species with me, and could find nothing similar to several of them in any of the collections. To Dr. E. A. Schwarz, of Washington, D. C., and Chas. W. Leng, of New York City, I am under obligations for aid in making the com- parisons and for their opinions regarding the status of the species described below. March, 1916 92 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Family NITIDULID2. Quadrifrons, gen. nov. Labrum small, its front edge broadly rounded, not emarginate. Front projecting abruptly from head, subquadrate, its sides parallel. Last joint of maxillary palpi oblong-cylindrical. Head without antennal grooves. Antenne reaching middle of thorax, first joint robust, obconical, second oval, one-half Jength of third, which is slender and clavate; 4—8 short, as wide as long, closely united; club large, subglobose, 3-jointed, the sutures distinct, the two basal joints subequal, strongly transverse, the last joint obtusely conical, smaller but distinct. Eyes small, very prominent, coarsely granulated. Prosternal spine prolonged and convex between the coxe, then abruptly bent downward; mesosternum not carinate. Front tibia with outer apical angle greatly prolonged in the form of a large triangular tooth, the outer sharp edge of the tibia behind this projection curved and minutely serrate, the inner apical angle with a short spine. Middle and hind tibia each armed at apex with two short, slender spines, their outer angles more or less produced, front tarsi feebly dilated, middle and hind ones slightly broadened; claws simple. Related to Perthalycra, but the front more abrupt, labrum not bilobed, prosternum bent abruptly downward behind the front coxe and structure of front tibize radically different. Quadrifrons castaneus, sp. nov. Oblong-oval, convex. Above dark reddish or chestnut-brown, rather thickly clothed with slender, prostrate golden-yellow hairs, those along the margins of thorax, elytra and legs longer and erect, forming a fringe; antenne, legs and under surface somewhat paler reddish-brown. Head nearly three times as wide as front, finely and sparsely granulate. Thorax convex, more than twice as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, apex feebly and broadly emarginate, base truncate, hind angles rounded; disc minutely alutaceous, finely and sparsely granulate-punctate, each puncture bearing a prostrate yellow hair. Scutellum very large, semi-oval, its apex broadly rounded. Elytra oblong, convex, scarcely as wide as middle of thorax, one-third longer than wide, sides very feebly THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 93 curved to apical fifth, then broadly rounded into the subtruncate apex; disc not striate, sculptured and pubescent like the thorax. Pygidium rather widely exposed, finely and sparsely granulate- punctate. Abdomen finely and rather closely punctate. Length 3.2 mm. Dunedin, Florida, rare; April 5. .Taken from beneath a decaying woody fungus. Family SILPHID. Anogdus dissimilis, sp. nov. Oval, convex, robust. Dark reddish brown, shining, almost glabrous; club of antenna and a faint cloud on elytra fuscous- brown. Antenne 10-jointed, the seventh or basal joint of club not much more than half the width of eighth and subequal in width to tenth. Head finely and rather sparsely punctate, the punctures in front tending to coalesce and form minute transverse grooves. Thorax convex, less than twice as wide as long, sides broadly rounded, apex broadly but feebly emarginate, base truncate, hind angles rounded; disc very finely, shallowly and sparsely punctate. Scutellum large, triangular, its apex acute. Elytra,oval, convex, scarcely wider than thorax at middle, one-fourth longer than wide conjointly, sides parallel to beyond middle, then broadly curved to the obtusely rounded apex; striae rather fine, their punctures small, round, very close-set; intervals feebly convex, minutely and rather closely punctate. Under surface finely and sparsely punctate. Length 2.2—2.4 mm. Dunedin, Fla., scarce; Oct. 31—Nov. 23. Swept from flowers of the hoary lupine, Lupinus diffusus Nutt. In A. capitatus Lec., the only other described species, the seventh joint of antennae is as wide as the eighth and ninth, the thorax is nearly three times as wide as long, with arcuate base and coarsely punctured disc, and the striae are crenately punctured. The margins of elytra in dissimilis are fringed with very short stiff hairs and the legs, especially the femora, bear numerous coarse, stiff, yellowish ones. Family CoccINELLiD. Brachyacantha floridensis, sp. nov. Narrowly oval, convex. Black, sparsely and finely punctate: head between the eyes, a large spot near each front angle of thorax, 94 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. and a humeral, basal and very large postmedian triangular spot on each elytron yellow; antennae, palpi and legs yellow, the femora slightly clouded with fuscous. Elytra feebly and broadly curved from behind the humeri to apex. Length 2.5 mm. Ocala, Florida; April 17. Allied to B. guadripunctata Melsh., but form distinctly narrower and more elongate-oval, puncturés much sparser and colour of elytra and legs very different from that species or any of its varieties. The large yellow spot on each elytron is triangular, with its broad emarginate base extending from the margin near middle four-fifths the distance to suture, its sides gradually converging backwards to an obtusely rounded apex near the tip of each elytron. The elytra, in fact, are as much yellow as black, the black areas comprising a rather broad sutural stripe, a broad cross-bar on basal third, with a medium spur for- ward between the yellow basal and humeral spots, and a narrow apical bar. The larger yellow spot is narrowly connected along the margin and epipleura with the one on humerus. Family SCARABAIDA. Onthophagus nigrescens, sp. nov. Broadly oval. Above uniform black, strongly shining; beneath reddish brown, antennae and palpi paler. Clypeus with margin strongly reflexed, elevated and feebly emarginate at middle, surface of clypeus very sparsely and finely punctate. Vertical carina obso- lete at middle, elevated at each end into a long tapering horn which extends above the level of the thorax. Thorax with front median portion of disc strongly convex and rounded but without a sign of a process; surface finely and rather sparsely punctate, each puncture bearing a very short erect blackish seta. Elytral striae fine; intervals feebly convex, not alutaceous, each with two or three rows of minute punctures, their sete extremely short, almcst invisible. Pygidium. coarsely and rather closely punctate. Under surface finely and very sparsely punctate, the abdomen minutely alutace- ous. Length 6 mm. Dunedin, Florida; Nov. 1. One male from a decaying fleshy fungus. Allied to O. striatulus Beauv., but that species is piceous- bronzed, with clypeus subtruncate at middle, sete of both thorax THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. GD and elytra much longer, whitish and inclined, and elytraintervals fiat and alutaceous. > en c : \ A ‘ y = 25 oy “ Lit ‘ ‘ E PLATE VI. Can. Ent., Vou. XLVIII. PLATYPUS WILSONI, N.SP. (See p. 100.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 97 PEALVEES: WILSOND— Ac NEW SPECIES (OF -PLATYPUS PROVE RIISE:-COLUMBIAS (PEATY PODIDA:, COLEOPTERA) * BY i. M. SWAINE, In charge of Forest Insect Investigations, Entomological Branch, Ottawa. The species of Platypus described herewith is very abundant and injurious on the southern half of the British Columbia coast. Although mentioned in literature and not unknown to collectors, it apparently has never been described. Its habits are those of a true ambrosia-beetle; the adults excavate a cylindrical tunnel from about six to fourteen inches in length through the bark and directly into the wood of large and small trunks, in small trunks usually curving around the heart. A characteristic fungus always found coating the walls, which are stained black thereby, serves as food for the larvee, and to a lesser degree for the adults. Eggs, larvae and adults are found free in the tunnels. The boring dust, ejected in abundance from the tunnel entrance and lodged in heaps in the bark crevices, is in the form of minute white splinters (Pl. VII, Fig. 1). It is readily distinguished from the meal-like boring-dust of Guathotrichus frequently found in the same trunks. It attacks all conifers of the British Columbia Coast, with the exception of Thuya and Chamecyparis, but is most abundant in Pseudotsuga, Tsuga, and Abies grandis. The species is abundant on the coast as far north as Seymour Narrows and inland in the south to Agassiz. Dying or badly weakened trees and freshly cut logs are usually selected for attack, but standing trees with considerable green foli- age are not infrequently affected. A tree showing the piles of boring-dust of this species and of Gnathothrichus is invariably beyond hope of recovery. These piles of boring-dust are frequently seen on the blackened bases of trees injured by ground fire; in such cases the beetles enter through the fresh tissue exposed by cracks in the drying outer bark. The details of the life-history will be given elsewhere. The specific name is given in honour of our colleague, Mr. Tom Wilson, of Vancouver. B. C., who first collected the species in British Columbia. *Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. March, 1916 OS THE ‘CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Platypus wilsoni n. sp. The female type: Length, 5.5 mm.; width, 1.3 mm., shining, with the pubescence inconspicuous above, except on the front and about the declivity. The head has the whole front broadly and deeply excavated, densely granulate-punctate and clothed with long yellow hairs; the vertex coarsely punctured, the punctures shallow and elongate, and with a narrow, shining, median carina; the epistomal margin nearly straight, very broadly concave, with a small, inferior median lobe clothed above with orange seta. The antennal scape is stout, longer than the funicle, the pedicel subglobular, as long as the remaining three segments, the club densely pubescent and with sparsely scattered stouter bristles. The pronotum is one-fifth longer than wide; the cephalic margin broadly evenly arcuate and finely margined; the sides subparallel, with a broad and deep emargination just behind the middle; the hind angles rounded; the caudal margin transversely bisinuate with the median prolongation rather small and acute; the dise irregularly depressed about the median line, with a median sub-oval area on the caudal half very finely and densely punctate, this densely punctured area divided on the middle line by a fine, black, slightly impressed line, and with the strongly convex caudal margin extending nearly to the caudal margin of the pronotum; the remainder of the pronotum finely punctured, more sparsely in front, more closely on the sides and behind, with coarser setose punctures close to the cephalic margin; the pubescence elsewhere minute and inconspicuous. The scutellum 's strongly depressed, very elongate and very sharply acuminate. The elytra are elongate, slightly more than twice as long as wide, about as wide as the pronotum; with the sides parallel, slightly inflated behind the middle, gradually arcuately narrowed on the caudal fifth to the subtruncate, apex; the disc gradually depressed behind on the apical fourth to the very short, nearly perpendicular declivity; the striae distinctly impressed, but dis- appearing near the apical declivity; the strial punctures close, rather faintly impressed, individually narrow and elongate; the interspaces convex, smooth, similar, almost unipunctate on the basal two-thirds, on the apical third with nearly uniseriate, granu- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 99 late and setose punctures with small punctures intermixed, the ‘granules coarser and acute on the sides; the third interspace strongly widened at the base, swollen and densely, finely granulate; the short abrupt declivity with a rounded prominence on each side above, finely, closely granulate and _ setose-punctate, without striations, moderately concave apically, with the caudal margin subtruncate, bisinuate, and the lateral angles rather strongly dentate. The metasternum is smooth and shining, finely punctured, the pubescence slender, the median line deeply striate on the caudal two-thirds; the abdominal sternites are closely, finely, granulate-punctate and clothed with slender hairs, the last more densely granulate; the last three sternites with the cephalic and caudal margins somewhat elevated, the last sternite rather dis- tinctly concave therefrom. The male has the epistomal margin more deeply though very broadly emarginate dorsally with the inferior lobe more prominent; the front similar though less deeply concave and with somewhat shorter hairs; the pronotum similar, lacking the densely punctured median area, but with a median black line in the same position and very distinct; the elytra with the sides parallel for three- fourths the length then strongly arcuately narrowed to the in- dividually strongly produced apices, the lateral margin concave at the base of the prolongation; the apical prolongations each slight- ly longer than wide, emarginate at the apex, with the outer angle much longer than the inner, blunt and obtusely carinate above from a continuation of the united 2nd and 3rd interspaces, the carina ending in a third blunt point on the dorsal apical margin of the prolongation; with a smaller tooth between the dorsal and outer teeth and three serrations between the dorsal and inner teeth; the suture, viewed from the side, straight on-the basal two-thirds, and gradually depressed on the caudal third to the apices, without an abrupt declivity; the strial punctures notably coarser than in the female; the interspaces somewhat more convex; the second less strongly widened at the base and more finely granulate; the interspaces minutely, uniseriately punctured on the disc, but not striate; the punctures coarser, more numerous and finely granulate at the base of the Ist and 3rd; on the depressed caudal third all the inter- 100 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST spaces more strongly but similarly convex, except the 8th, carinate and closely, uniseriately, coarsely granulate, with stout reddish, uniseriate hairs; the 2nd and 3rd united at the base of the apical prolongation to form its dorsal carina, the 8th more strongly carinate on the apical third, the 9th granulate throughout its length, sparsely and more feebly on the middle third, rather coarsely and irregularly at the base. The metasternum has the middle line sulcate on the caudal half; the abdominal sternites are closely, moderately granulate-punctate, more coarsely than the metasternum and more coarsely than jn the female, and with distinctly longer hairs. The type, a female, is from 7'suga heterophylla, taken at Camp- bell River, B.C. It is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. PLATE VI. A. Platypus wilsoni, ©. Greatly enlarged. Slightly modified from Entomological Bulletin No. 7, Dept. of Agriculture, Canada. B. Platypus wilsoni, 7. Apices of the elytra. Greatly en- larged — (Original). PLATESVE, 1, Boring dust of Platypus wilsoni; 2, Maxilla; 3, Labium; 4, Maxillary Palp, greatly enlarged; 5, Antenna. All enlarged. (Original). DESCRIPTION OF ELEVEN NEW SPECIES OF CHALCTDD ELIES. BY A. A. GIRAULT, WASHINGTON, D. C. Neomphaloidella ceroplastz, n. sp. Female—Length 1.00 mm. Differs from Tetrastichus periplanete Crawiord in being darker, the scape is partly metallic, there is no lateral carina on the pro- podeum, the latter is not distinctly scaly, there are punctures along the lateral margin of the scutum. Greenish black, the wings hyaline, the venation pale yellow, the knees, tibiae and tarsi (except the last joint) distal half of scape and the pedicel, except the proximal half above, golden yellow. Funicle joints subequal, each nearly twice longer than wide, slightly longer than the pedicel; club 1 as long as funicle March, 1916 Can. Ent., Vor. XLVIII. PLATE VII. PEAY PUS WILSONI, N-SP: Gee p: 100.) Ta | : oe 7 ~~ 7 ower ill PS . doa eee) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 101 a 3, half the length of the club, the third joint with a convex base and a distinct terminal nipple. Scape a little compressed. Man- dibles tridentate, the second two teeth weakly separated, the third truncate, but not large. :.6 220i. 3 sek ATA RLS Re 6 . Vertex, part of thorax, and fore wings with dense appressed hair; basal cross-veins very weak; fore wings not granulate, with a median silvery stripe............... Hesperophylax, n. gen. (Platyphylax occidentalis Bks.) Vertex not with dense appressed hair..............0.:cccceccteenereteees 7 . Spurs 1, 2, 2, in hind wings the discal cell does not reach before the median fork; fore wing roughened..Allegophylax, n. gen. (Platyphylax subfasciata Say). spurs “1, 3;°S, ‘or ApS) 4063 Mian 5 ieee eee 8 Spurs 1, 3,:4....0h2ccdaneercstee ee bao aa eee 9 SOUT SD, ys BS een gene vs ws ee rae ree ee ieee ee 11 In the hind wings the discal cell reaches plainly before the forking of. the median velgiai.:.5,.. eee oe ethane os 10 In the hind wings the discal cell not before the forking of median vein; membrane of fore wings (OUPENEE

. Att e.d oe aol ee en Eustenace, n. gen. (Stenophylax limbatus McL.) Large species; wings very broad; in fore wings the front side of discal cell is slightly concave............0..0..::00. Stenophylax. Smaller species: elongate wings; in fore wings the front side of discal cell is nearly straight...........0....0....00.... Rhadicoleptus. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 119 11. 12 13. 14. 15. 16. A Wr 18. In the hind wings the discal cell but little if any before the forking of the median vein; second apical cell of fore wings wide at base, membrane granulate...................... Pycnopsyche. In the hind wings the discal cell plainly before the forking of INEURANG Vel scd a... 06k SR ee hae. pas oro Sime AZ Large full winged species; membrane not COTA G DT Oe bap tees ial kareena ele el Meee .. Clistoronia, n. gen. (Halesus magnus Bks.) Small, female short-winged; hairs on the membranhe of fore wing as long as those on the veins............ Psychoronia, n. gen. (Psilopteryx brevipennis Bks.) Anal cell not divided at base; spurs 1, 3, 3; fourth apical cell Meine wines. Drodd eo ham eros Platycentropus. Anal cell divided as usual at base; spurs usually 1,.3, 4 Fifth joint of tarsus I with spines beneath; bristles on veins barely longer than on the membrane............Grammotaulius. Fifth joint of tarsus I without spines beneath; bristles on veins © much longer than those on membrane. PR TER Td ee 15 Hind wings strongly emarginate on outer margin near end of the cubitus; pronotum large and prominent; discoidal cell YE PAGEOV Aoas eeerts eee ere te ae RA ee a Rea BRST OARS ES AE SBA MP AR et 16 Hind wings scarcely Arrceennnper: at end of cubitus; pronotum LSRSTE Oh A(CIE NETO CS Th Bole een g tts eat arse 95 Pirie ad eR REPRE ae SPE eS L7 Fore wings long and slender, ans See ee Anabolina Fore wings shorter, tips more acute; pronotum longer Sete ae oo een eee COL polaulaus: Fourth apical cell in hind v wings narrow me at base; mesothoracic strips long; outer margin of fore wings (Gol || Ya Se Agen See Ae ety San ae hy Sonor ee _ Limnephilus. Fourth apical cell in hind wings not narrowed at base; meso- thoracic strips short; outer margin of fore wings more IR CLONAL OYSTE [ett a ee ei. SE Oa Rae anaaie amie es ....«. Anabolia. Bristle-bearing granules scattered over pth mesonotum without leaving a median smooth area; pronotum large and promi- nent; fork 3 in both wings pedicellate; SOT DITA RES oie: Ga St lat a ae eR A Shi... .Leptophylax. Bristle-bearing granules eee in two SAS leaving a SUICIO 6) SRA VeTG VER BIS 2 eae SO pn Ne gr ik eee 120 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 19. Posterior and anterior anastomoses of fore wings not separated; no macrochetze behind ocelli; forks 1 and 3 in hind wings pedicellate; spurs- 1,33, 4 See pe arene Homophylax. Posterior anastomosis at least width of a cell before the anterior anastomosis......>...... ee tS Pan EY Sy Ali at fake By be Ut ON 20: 20. Outer margin of fore wings sinuately excised; macrochetz behind ocelli; spurs 1, 2, 2../..0....50.8.. vccsssescseee.Glyphopsyche. Outer margin of fore wings entire......... Bish foleFinscTaake so apa 21 21. Fork 3 absent in hind WUE cA. orhac ota a ca ee ne oe 22 Fork 3 present in hind wings................. Tete Tey SAM ee DEY Ri: TL 23 22. Spurs 1, 3, 3; no wart between océll? and the posterior warts NPE PhP. Lr he Mate ian Oligo phlebodes. Spurs 1, 2, 2; a distinct wart between the ocelli and the posterior WATERS 425 Nira cleosn es eee eae e rE OCR nh tate Neophylax. 23. Stigma with a cross-vein at its base, or at least strongly COMACHOS, | SG ote teers OF eae ened toe i ce ee 24 Stigma without cross-vein, and not SaeGaliy prominent........ 27 24. First apical cell narrowed at base; stigma not very prominent, but wrth cross-veins. af bas@a Sane asl hea 25 First apical cell broad at base; stigma coriaceous...................... 26 25. Spurs 1, 2, 4; discal cell of hind wings open................ A patania. Spurs 1, 3, 4; discal cell of hind wings closed ase Wtightcton ene . Allomyia, n. gen. (A patania tripunctata Bks.) 26. Spurs 1, 3, 3; membrane not granulate nor roughened 1.3.5.5) ch ee ee eee Halesechila. Spurs 1, 2, 2; membrane more or less granulate; hairs on mem- brane as long as those on the veins...................... Chilostigma. 27. Each cheek with a prominent spine beneath; first apical cell extending a long way back on the discal Celle ais alee eee Allophylax Noeisuch spine‘on the cheelk.... 200.0 ek on. eo ee 28 28 A large tuft of long hairs at anal base of fore wings; outer fringe on coxa I. longer than width of coxa; antenne strongly crenulate beneath; ocelli large; tibia I densely spined to base; bristles of veins not prominent; in hind wings discal cell reaches long before forking of median vein; large 3 BNECIES ©, (ARG ese. Ste OTe he tao am Dicosmecus. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 121 Hair at anal base shorter, less dense, and that on anterior coxe short; smaller species; bristles of veins usually distinct ....29 240 a Sy 61. geet ets Bas Nana leet Re ene Ri ee Rete. bl co i aA Se end eee) Spwesdes 2 worl 204. ori a) Aneta cee eat on 30. Anal cell not divided at base; basal veins obsolete; radius bent at stigma; an ocellar macrocheeta..ai..0 Hylepsyche, n. gen. dl. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. (Halesus indistinctus W alk.) Anal cell divided as usual, most of basal cross-veins CIS CIN et te ie eae ie Rage cote. ncusees 31 Radius bent at stigma, which is very distinct; migrate not CHAT ES ern rte tease a ee MSE ee ochre ow Gp. Ee Halesochila. Radius scarcely bent at iene which is not eapecally distinct; No-cellar-macrochaetee.77s-2- wh. ceca: Mier tau eee Drusus. Spurs 1, 3, 4; no distinct ocellar macrochete................ a Sse 2 oe Oe le et en (eterna dase eo one ae ee hee 35 Fork 3 in fore wings acute at base, sontetimes ROGE CMe bean Set erates ee eine eed ean: Algonquina, n. gen. (Parachiona parvula Bks ). Fork 3 in fore wings not acute, but reaching before the BUNS SAPO ER CIS ele = Penta eA Gop 2 np nla peer a Tar eee 34 Anastomosis is placed before end of the subcosta; the apical CEN SAVE Iaye HOM Sei 250 Se seas rT ahcan hes Sas esa hho nee Anisogamus. Anastomosis beyond end of the subcosta, apical cells LO) 0 0) te ti eee eel yO cee eR et A polopsyche, n. gen. (Stenophylax minusculus Bks.) Ocellar macrochete present; spurs 1, 2, 4; wings rather narrow, first fork reaches a long distance back on discal (eb pe Deal ce a PS i re ein ale Se eee eae Ecclisomyia. Ocellar macrochetz absent, spurs 1, 2, 2, or 0, 2, 2; membrane Praminlbete .. » THE. CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 147 Towards the end of May, when the foliage was all out, I tramped along the railway track to the east end of this place and spent most of the sunny hours of one Saturday roaming about the clearing. As I approached I could hear a man driving hard- wood pickets into soggy ground in the heart of the swamp. The sound went on all day (just west of the clearing) at regular inter- vals. But in the clearing itself such abundance and variety of leaf-eating beetles—especially Chrysomelas—I have never met with. If Chrysomela means golden sheep, then this certainly was the enchanted land of Colchis, for golden fleeces hung on every tree; and if the word means golden apple, here was every branch laden with gleaming fruit, a veritable garden of the Hesperides. Was the dragon that guarded the fruit asleep, or was it that indefatigable laborer hammering stakes into the ground behind the alder thicket?) What good was a fence, anyway, in the heart of such a swamp? When the sound of that incessant hammer kept up till long after six o’clock, my curiosity got the better of me, and, stealing through the cedars and poplars at the west end of - the clearing, I soon found myself on the edge of the municipal ditch and only a few yards from the mysterious workman; he stopped as soon as he saw me, and, without any warning, rose into the air and flapped heavily away over the trees—a common bittern; ten minutes later he was driving piles into the bank of Lily Lake half a mile away. When I came to check over the day’s bag of Chrysomelids— a work whose successful completion was due to Dr. Bethune’s kind help—it was something like this. On willow in the clearing I had taken about a dozen of Chrysomela multipunctata—var. bigsbyana: this form, with a dark thorax margined before and on the sides with pale cream, and having the sutural stripe dark, I have never taken on any other plant than the willow. On dogwood—out of the scores seen—I had taken 8 of Chrysomela philadelphica: this form I have always found on dogwood, and I have never taken any other species of Chrysomela on that shrub; the whole thorax is dark-bronzed (from green to black) and the elytra are without the sutural stripe, though the scutellum is marked with a dark spot. On spirzea I took two or three of what I thought to be this same form, but they proved on examination to be the variety 148 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST spiree, in which the dark sutural stripe is present. On alder, I had found the handsome chestnut-crimson Chrysomela abundant, and had taken some fifty specimens: they are apparently a very robust form of Chrysomela philadelphica, as they lack the dark sutural stripe, and their other markings correspond. (Chrysomela phila- delphica var.—shall we say alni or Hesperidum?). While hunting for this insect on the fringe of alders beside the municipal ditch, I discovered yet another Chrysomela and succeeded in making about fifteen captures; it was almost as large as the last, but the ground colour was white to pale cream, with heavily-marked and united sutural and sub-sutural lines; in short, it was Chrysomela scalaris, with a very slight difference—the apical or third pair of spurs were broken away from the sutural line and appeared as two detached spots; and the middle pair of spurs also tended to be irregular and broken. The normal form of scalaris, I had found once in great abundance in the larval stage on basswood near the Rideau Ferry and in the six or eight beetles that I reared through the pupal state, I remarked the same variation in the ladder-like series of projections to which the species owes its name. Each of ' these forms was abundantly distinct from all the others; I never saw any sign of interbreeding; each colony, each species and variety appeared to keep to itself. On the alders in this swamp there were, besides, thousands of Lina interrupta (lapponica); these were in all stages of larve, pupe and imagines. In spite of its multitudes, and the short pupal interval between voracious grub and devouring beetle, the damage done to alder foliage seems trivial, due partly to the insect’s small size and partly to the abund- ance of its food plant. Near the edge of the clearing I took two specimens of Lina scripta, feeding on willow; this beetle I have never found on any other plant than willow; those near Peter- borough were all of the normal form, but often one or other of two varieties are to be found: in both of these the creamy ground- color of the elytra is replaced by a light-brown, and the elongated elytral spots are larger and only separated by narrow borders of the ground colour; in one variety these elongated spots are black; in the other, dark-brown; the former of these was sent me from Montreal, and I do not know its food plant; the other I found in abundance near Lindsay one season, feeding on willow. There THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 — ——.-_§ ——— are four or five varietal forms illustrated by Blatchley (after Riley), but these do not include the forms I have just mentioned. Along the railway track, not far from this swamp, I took both species of Crioceris on plants of wild asparagus. The genus Chrysomela has always been of great interest to me, I suppose because of its beauty, and, seeing in one of the books that the sub-species rioda fed exclusively on hazel, I made a systematic search for the insect, but without any success. The only capture I have made on this plant is a species of Balaninus or nut-weevil, one of the wariest of insects; I have distinctly seen (and more than once) Balaninus swoon from the leaf it was resting on, while I was still several feet away; it invariably feeds in such a position as to drop into the tangled heart of the bush instead of falling exposed at the side. But the frequent occurrence of Chrysomele scalaris and philadelphica in varietal form on alder, coupled with their entire absence from hazel, rouses a suspicion. In size and habit, as well as character of foliage, the alder and the hazel are very similar, especially to a non-botanist: it would be interesting to get a consensus of opinion (or, rather, experience) in the matter from other freld-collectors. Another beetle, said by Blatchley to be beaten from hazel, is Syneta ferruginea. I had seldom seen this beetle (and never more than one at a time) till last season, but in testing out the alder as a food plant of Chrysomelas I took three or four pairs of Syneta ferruginea on leaves of alder near Bethany. The robust red-brown form of Chr. philadelphica | have now taken, two seasons running, and on alder, as far west of Peterborough as Mount Pleasant, and also two or three miles east of the city on the outskirts of my second hunting ground—Burnham’s wood. A NEW PHANURUS FROM THE UNITED’ STATES, WITH NOTES ON- ALLIED SPECIES. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. 1. Phanurus opacus Howard. Both sexes are black; the thorax above is subglabrous. 2. Phanurus floridanus Ashmead. The head and thorax are polished, the tibia and knees pale May, 1916 150 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a a cS brown; segments | and 2 of abdomen have very short striz at base. The club is stouter than with ovivorus. 3. Phanurus ovivorus Ashmead. The club is slenderer than in the preceding, the tibia dark, the thorax above showing faint reticulation cephalad, but mostly glabrous. The first two segments of the abdomen do not have striae at base, or else these are extremely minute and short. In flavipes the vertex and scutum is uniformly finely reticulate. The species ovivorus is very close to opacus, if not identical. 4. Phanurus emersoni, new species. Female—Length 0.90 mm. Black, the wings subhyaline, the venation pale dusky, the tarsi yellow. Differs from opacus Howard in that the male is varicoloured here. Differs from female opacus, floridanus and ovivorus in that the vertex and scutum are densely reticulated. Differs from fabanivorus in that the abdomen is only somewhat longer than the rest of the body, its third segment is not a fourth the length of the third, the thorax above is reticulated, and the male has the entire thorax honey yellow, also the antenna (besides the legs and head as in tabanivorus). Closest (female). to ovivorus, which it resembles. Stigmal vein nearly twice longer than -the marginal, about half the length of the postmarginal. Funicle 1 a half longer than wide, two-thirds the length of the pedicel, 2 a little shorter than 1, 3 still shorter, 4 globular, smallest; 5 cup-shaped, 6 the same, larger, wider than long; 7 and 8 sub- quadrate, 9 ovate, longer than wide. Short, distinct stria at base of segment 2 of the abdomen. aie In the male, funicles 1-3 are somewhat longer than in the female, while 4-9 are moniliform, wider than long, small; the club joint is ovate and as long as funicle 1 and stouter. Described from a large number of both sexes reared from tabanid eggs at Dallas, Texas (F. C. Bishop). Types—Catalogue No. 19664, US.N.M., 1c’, 8 Q’s on two tags and a slide bearing 1 o&,4 9Q’s. Types of opacus, ovivorus, floridanus and flavipes examined. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sy NEW .GENERA AND SPECIES OF AUSTRALIAN MUSCOIDEA BY CHARLES H. T. TOWNSEND, BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D.C. The Muscoidea of all the principal regions of the earth have been catalogued, after a fashion, more or less completely, except those of Australia and Tasmania, which still stand without any published list whatever. The writer has recently prepared a com- plete synonymical catalogue of the Australian muscoid fauna, including that of Tasmania, in the course of which he has found it advisable to erect genera for certain described forms whose characters are sufficiently clearly recorded to allow of such action, credit being due to Brauer and Austen for elucidating the several types of Macquart and Walker concerned. These genera are presented in the present paper, together with descriptions of a few additional genera for new forms represented in the U.S. Na- tional Museum collection. Paracalliphora, new genus. Genotype, Calliphora oceanié R. D., 1830, Myod., 438, Port Jackson and Timor (Brazil in error). Differs from Musca (Calliphora) as follows: Epistoma more produced, not so constricted by the vibrissal angles. Ocellar bristles wanting in male, weak or vestigial in female. Cheeks and front both averaging narrower. Scutellum with only two strong marginal pairs of macrochete besides the apical pair. Abdomen scarcely broader than the thorax, much less thickly hairy. (Nine specimens: 4, Sydney,-H. Gurney; 2, Reedy Creek, N.S.W., maggots from sheep; 3, Australia, Koebele, No. 483). Calliphora tibialis (1st) Mcq., 1846, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I, 195, Tasmania and Australia, belongs to this genus. Brauer®(Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVIII, 524) says: ‘‘Geh6rt mit M. stygia F. zu Pollenia villosa R. D.”’ This would seem to be wrong, as specimens men- tioned below in U.S.N.M. coll. agree fairly with Macquart’s description and are congeneric with oceani@. They bear a strong superficial resemblance to villosa, but lack the fulvous hair of abdomen. (Three spms.: Croydon, N.S. W., W. W. Froggatt). May, 1916 152 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. me O_O Calliphora rufipes Mcq., 1848, Dipt. Exot. II (8), 286, Suppl. II, 99, Java and Tasmania, also appears to belong here, but I have no specimens and can only judge by comparing the descrip- tion with material of oceani@, to which it seems extremely close. Brauer (Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVIII, 526) says that it equals Musca stygia F. (villosa R. D.), but this seems doubtful since Macquart says ‘caerulea * * * abdomen bleu.” It is also rather too small (6 mm.). Tricyclopsis, new genus. Genotype, Rhynchomyia dubia Mcq., 1855, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. V, 129-30, Adelaide. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVIII, 514.. Near Tricyclea Wulp, but the third vein is bare. Facialia ciliate to above middle of face. Facial carina absent. Arista long- plumose above and below. Parafacials with short bristly hairs. Third antennal joint three or four times as long as second. Palpi clubshaped. Epistoma strongly produced. Antenne two-thirds as long as face. Gerotachina, new genus. Genotype, Zachina obtusa Walker, 1856, Dipt. Saund., 274-5, New South Wales. Austen, Ann. Mag. N.H. ser. 7, XIX, 330-1 (Syn. Echinomyia stolida Wlk., 1858, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n. s. IV, 195-6, male). Differs from Microtropesa Mcq. as follows: Third antennal joint of female distinctly shorter than the second; that of male not longer than the second, or but slightly longer; in both sexes the third joint is convex on upper border. Arista short and stout. Row of six to eight small admedian spinelike macrochetz on hind margin of second abdominal segment. Agrees with Microtropesa in alf other characters given by Walker and Austen. Tasmaniomyia, new genus. Genotype, Masicera viridiveniris (Ist) Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. I], 84-5, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 336-7. (Syn. Masicera viridiventris 2d Mcq., 1851, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. IV (2), 163-4, female, locality Egypt in error). THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 153 Differs from Muicrotropesa Mcq. as follows: Parafacials bare, only with some hairs above. Facial carina narrow, sunken, not easily visible from in front. No ocellar bristles. Male claws long and slender, female claws short. Vertex in female as wide as one eye, in male narrower. Several rows of bristles on parafrontals in both sexes, but orbitals apparently absent in female as well as male. Abdomen of female flattened and pointed, that of male more oval; male hypopygium small, not directed forward. Front prominent, face receding, epistoma not prominent. Third antennal joint over twice to three times as long as second. Hind cross-vein sinuate, at two-thirds distance between small cross-vein and cubitus. / Acephana, new genus. Genotype, Masicera rubrifrons Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 85, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 339-40. Differs from Microtrepesa Mcq. as follows: Eyes hairy. Ab- dominal macrochete weak. Vibrissal angles somewhat convergent. Third antennal joint pointed on upper apical corner, like that of Acemyia. No ocellars. Female with two orbitals, and two verticals. Differs from Goniophana (equals Tritaxys Mcq.) in the hind tibia: not ciliate; and from Gediophana in the short second aristal joint. Epistoma not very prominent. Arista thickened to middle. Hind cross-vein sinuate, at two-thirds distance between the small cross- vein and bend of fourth. Opsophana, new genus. Genotype, Masicera rufifacies Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 87, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 340. Differs from Microtropesa Mcq. as follows: No ocellar bristles. Eyes thickly hairy. Hind tibia pectinate, with longer bristles below. Abdomen with only thin bristle-like macrochete. Male claws long. Epistoma much produced, the vibrisse situated high above oral margin. Related to Goniophana and Acephana. Front of male narrow. Frontals not descending below base of antennz. Third antennal joint about four times as long as the second. Apical cell ending near wing apex. 154 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Chlorodexia, new genus. Genotype, Chlorodexia froggattii, new species. Differs from Chloretachina Townsend (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washn. XXVIII, 21) as follows: Epistoma not nearly so produced, vi- brissee not farther above oral margin than length of second antennal joint. Cheeks wider in proportion to-eye-height, ocellar and frontal bristles stronger. Pubescence of eyes longer. Cubitus well removed from hind margin of wing, with long and strong stump; hind cross-vein much nearer to cubitus. Abdominal macrochete longer and stronger, hairs of abdomen longer. Chlorodexia froggattii, new species. Length of body 11 mm.; of wing:11 mm. One male Merriwa, N.S. W. (W. W. Froggatt). Metallic green, with a rather thick coat of silvery pollen over all. Facial plate and cheek grooves testaceous, the former with an ochre-gold pollen; frontalia dark brown, first two anten- nal joints dark rufous, third joint and arista brown, palpi dark brown. Parafrontals dull golden pollinose, extending to cheek grooves. Cheeks, occiput, thorax, scutellum and abdomen deep metallic green, more or less thickly pollinose, four heavy blackish vitta on mesoscutum, abdomen showing more distinctly bright green, venter and pleure with less pollen. Legs dark brown, the femora blackish. Wings nearly clear. tegule tawny whitish. Holotype—No. 19971 U.S. N.M. Named in honour of Mr. W. W. Froggatt. Protomiltogramma, new genus. Genotype, Protomiltogramma cincta, new species. Differs from Miltogramma as follows: Form more elongate, subcylindrical, the abdomen subconical. Vibrisse strong, decus-— ’ sate, well differentiated from the peristomal bristles. Third an- — tennal joint elongate, nearly three times as long as second. Cheeks — of female about as wide as margin of epistoma, those of male much narrower. Scutellum enlarged, elongate and broad, especially so in female, with about five or six marginal pairs of macrocheta — besides the apical pair. | nar nea Sa THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 155 a Protomiltogramma cincta, new species. Length of body 7 to 10 mm.; of wing 5 to 6.5 mm. One male and one female, latter the larger; male from Hamilton, Upper North Pine, Queensland, Jany., 1890; female from Buderim Mt., Queensland, Dec., 1889 (Dept. of Mines and Agr.). Face and cheeks luteous, with pale yellowish bloom; rather more silvery in male. Frontalia fulvous to fulvotestaceous, an- tenne wholly light ochre-yellow, arista brown. Parafrontals golden. Thorax, pleura and scutellum with golden pollen, which is paler in front and on sides; the mesoscutum with three heavy brown vitte plainly continued on scutellum. Abdomen dark brown or blackish, the second to fourth segments evenly bordered anteriorly with rather broad band of silvery, which may have a faint golden lustre. Legs black, femora pollinose on outside. Wings clear, tegula watery-white. Holotype—No. 19972 U.S. N. M., female. Froggattimyia, new genus. Genotype, Froggattimyia hirta, new species. Parafrontals and parafacials evenly covered with short black bristly hairs. Parafacials bulged, their planes not oblique but nearly transverse. Cheek grooves restricted. Cheeks of male swollen, one-half eye-height in width, evenly clothed with fine short black hairs; those of female with yellowish hairs. Female vertex a little less than width of one eye, that of male hardly over one-half eye-width. Female with two proclinate orbitals, male without. Ocellar bristles small. Front of male prominent; in profile, frontals descending only a little below base of antennz face rather receding; facial plate elongate and narrow, only a little sunken, with rather sharp carina, vibrissz situated well above oral margin, epistoma not prominent. Third antennal joint about two and one-half times second; palpi club-shaped. Apical pair of separated and strong scutellar bristles, and two lateral pairs. Abdominal macrochete vestigial in both sexes. Hind tibiae very short-ciliate in both sexes. Apical cell ending well before wing tip, open; hind cross-vein sinuate, nearer to bend; latter rounded, without wrinkle or stump. Parafrontals slightly widening below, 156 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST where they are nearly as wide as facial depression. Frontalia broad in both sexes, narrowed posteriorly in male. Named in honour of Mr. W. W. Froggatt. Froggattimyia hirta, new species. Length of body 7 to 10 mm.; of wing 6.75 to 8 mm. One male and one female, Mittagong, N.S. W., reared from sawfly larva, Feby., 1902 (W. W. Froggatt). The smaller measurements are of the female, whose abdomen is flexed. ? Cheeks, face and front pale golden; frontalia fulvous to rufous; antenne fulvous, third joint brown on upper edge at least distally. Mesoscutum dark; with thin pollinose coat in male leaving five vitte, the middle one linear; thick coat of ashy pollen in female, leaving four vitte and a faint suggestion of fifth. Scutellum dull luteous. Abdomen brownish, broadly dull fulvorufous on sides from first to fourth segments in male, narrowly so on first to third segments in female, ashy pollinose on dark parts and yellowish pollinose on lighter parts. Legs luteous to fulvous, femora of male blackish on base. Wings nearly clear. Tegulae pale yellowish to whitish. Holotype—No. 19973 U.S. N. M., male. Protomeigenia, new genus. ; Genotype—Protomeigenia aurea, new species. Differs from Froggattimyia as follows: Parafacials bare, with some short bristly hairs above near lowest frontals. Vertex of female fully as wide as one eye, that of male about two-thirds same. Frontalia rather wider, front more prominent, face more receding. Parafacials rather broader, not bulged, their planes oblique; facial plate distinctly more sunken. Scutellum with a weak de- cussate apical pair of bristles in both sexes, and three lateral pairs of stronger ones. Cheek grooves not so restricted.. Cheeks not so swollen. Protomeigenia aurea, new species. Length of body 7 to 9 mm.; of wing 6.5 to 7.6 mm. One male and one female, Manilla, N.S.W., reared from sawfly larvae, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 157 Jany. 10 and 13, 1902 (W. W. Froggatt). The female is the smaller and has the abdomen flexed. Face, cheeks and front golden. Facial plate lighter, frontalia brownish-rufous. Antenne bright rufous, the third joint blackish on upper edge and distally. Mesoscutum of both sexes with four vitte, the inner pair linear. Scutellum fulvorufous. Abdomen of male with only the faintest suggestion: of fulvous on sides, that of female without. Thorax and abdomen dark, quite thickly coated with silvery. Otherwise the colour description of preceding species applies exactly. Holotype—No. 19974 U.S. N. M., male. Austrophorocera, new genus. Genotype, Phorocera biserialis Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 89, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 347. Allied to Thrycolyga. Facialia ciliate in two rows to base of antenne. Apical scutellar bristles very fine, short, decussate. Male front rather broad, with two rows of bristles on each side. Frontals descending well below base of antenne. Third antennal joint four times as long as the second, which is not elongate. Arista thickened on only basal half. Parafacials bare. Eyes hairy. No discal macrochetz on intermediate segments of abdomen. Hind cross-vein sinuate, at two-thirds the distance between the small cross-vein and bend of fourth vein. Pareupogona, new genus. Genotype, Masicera oblonga Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 86, Tasmania. Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 338. Runs to Eupogona in B.B.’s tables of Masiceratide, and to Gedia in their tables of Phoroceratidie. Differs from Eupogona as follows: Male only. Second and third abdominal segments with discal macrochete. Legs elongate. Scutellum with strong separated pair of apical macrochete. Differs from Gedia in the open apical cell, which is very narrow at the end. Four postsuturals. Ocellars long, fine, proclinate. Facialia double-ciliate half way up. Parafacials with some short bristly hairs. Frontals strong, descending to middle of face. Vertex moderately wide. Eyes bare. Second 158 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. aristal joint short. Male claws long. Male with row of delicate bristles outside the frontals, together with short bristly hairs. Apical cross-vein straight, cubitus without stump. Vertical bristles strong. First abdominal segment with marginal macrochete. Costal spine small, third vein bristled only at base. Hind tibiz not ciliate. Proboscis short and stout, palpi club-shaped. Third antennal joint of male enlarged, about three times as long as the second. To this genus apparently belongs Masicera simplex Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 87, Tasmania; Brauer, Sitz: Ak. Wiss. CVI, 337. The characters agree well, except that the male vertex is considerably narrower. Eurygastropsis, new genus. Genotype, Eurigaster tasmanie Walker, 1858, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, n.s. IV, 197, Tasmania, Austen, Ann. Mag. N. H. ser. 7, XTX; 331. Allied to Frontina. Eyes and parafacials hairy. Ocellar bristles wanting. Epistoma very prominent. Macrocheta of abdo- men only marginal. Male claws short. Male frontalia narrowed posteriorly. Frontal bristles descending one-third way down the face. Facialia ciliate practically their whole length. Antenne reaching the epistoma, third joint six times as long as second. Arista thickened its whole length, hardly as long as third antennal joint. Cubitus obtuse, apical cross-vein slightly bent in, apical cell ending well before wing tip, hind cross-vein nearér to cubitus “a than to small cross-vein. | ~~ Mesembriomintho, new genus. Genotype, Mesembriomintho compressa, new species. Differs from A/intho as follows: Apical cell closed in margin, ending just before wing tip; cubitus close to hind margin of wing; costal spine atrophied. Front of male at vertex hardly over one-~ third width of one eye, that of female about one-half eye-width. Facialia bare. Arista plumose. Frontal bristles not descending ~ below base of antenna. Abdomen strongly compressed laterally THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 159 in both sexes. No median macrochete on first abdominal segment. Front claws of male longer than others. Mesembriomintho compressa, new species. Length of body 6.75 to 8.5 mm.; of wing 5.25 to 6.75 mm. One male and one female, Hamilton, Upper North Pine, Queens- land, Jany. 1890 (Dept. of Mines and Agriculture). The female is the smaller. Black, silvery pollinose. Frontalia and first two antennal joints dark brown; third joint dusky, with a silvery bloom. Palpi fulvous, obscurely infuscate basally in female. Thorax silvery; with four linear vittee, the middle ones stopping at suture; the outer ones obliterated anteriorly by a heavy broad vitta on each side, the two being confluent on anterior edge of thorax. Scutellum blackish. First abdominal segment, apical half of second and more than apical half of third shining black, not pollinose; rest of abdomen silvery-white pollinose. Legs blackish; femora brownish, silvery on outside, especially front pair. Wings lightly yellowish-smoky. Tegule watery-whitish. Holotype—No. 19975 U.S. N.M., male. Parabrachelia, new genus. Genotype, Masicera rufipes Mcq., 1847, Dipt. Exot. Suppl. II, 86, Tasmania: Brauer, Sitz. Ak. Wiss. CVI, 339. Differs from Brachelia as dollows: Male only. Cheeks broad. Proboscis short, palpi slender. Apical cell closedin margin, cubitus without stump. Hind tibize not ciliate. Parafacials broad, bare. Ocellars present, proclinate. Male claws elongate. Abdominal macrochete discal and marginal. Apical cross-vein straight. Eyes thickly hairy. Epistoma prominently produced. Apical scutellar bristles erect, delicate, not decussate; the laterals very long and strong. Vertical bristles present. Second aristal joint short. First abdominal segment shortened, hypopygium small. - Frontal bristles descending one-third way down the face. Third antennal joint three times the second, which is not elongate. Hind cross-vein only a little nearer to cubitus than to small cross- vein. 160 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Austrophryno, new genus. Genotype, Zachina densa Walker, 1856, Dipt. Saund., 288-9, New South Wales. Austen, Ann. Mag. N.H. ser. 7, XIX, 331 (Syn. Tachina hebes Wlk., 1.c. 289, male, Tasmania). . Allied to Phryno. Facialia ciliate on lower one-third. Cheeks one-third eye-height. Antenne inserted above eye-middle. Face broad. Frontal bristles descending to base of arista, with some small bristles below. Abdominal macrochaetze only marginal. Epistoma only slightly prominent. Eyes hairy. Frontalia narrow. Antenne about as long as face; the third joint slender in female and less than three times the second, in male about three times second. Arista much longer than third antennal joint, thickened ‘at base. Cubitus hardly obtuse, apical cross-vein slightly bent in at base, hind cross-vein more or less bent inward. ? Tracheomyia, new genus. Genotype, Oestrus macropi Froggatt, 1913, Agric. Gazette N.S. W., July 2, 19138, pp. 567-8, pl. (5 figs.), Moramana Station, Walgett District, Australia. Maggot lives in the windpipe of the kangaroo. Fly unknown. This appears to be an endemic Australian cestrid, and is the first one known. Its existence is thus of the greatest interest from the biogeographical point of view, as well as with relation to the phylogeny of muscoid stocks. The particular combination of larval characters is unique, as may be seen from the description and figures. The larval habitat ip the host is likewise unique. The host itself is distinctively Australian. . All these facts argue for the marked distinctness of the fly. The small boss of the anal stigmatic plates described by Froggatt would seem to be the false stigmatic opening or so-called button, and can hardly contain the spiracles which should lie outside the button in the field of the plates. It appears that the anal stigmata much resemble those of CEstrus ovis, but the armature is very distinct and ap- proaches that of certain tachinids.. Evidently this maggot does not belong to any of the described genera of Australian fliés. It may be allied to Pharyngomyia or Pharyngobolus, judging from larval habit, but on larval characters it is nearer to Gstrus than to either of the genera named. eae THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 161 ‘PHE HEATH, COELEGEON- OF-LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD, MIDNAPORE, ALTA. The collection of Lepidoptera formed by the late E. Firm- stone Heath, of Cartwright, Manitoba, was, shortly after his death, acquired by the Manitoba Government. Mr. J. B. Wallis, of Winnipeg, was asked to overhaul it and put it into condition for museum reference, as it was intended that it should form the nucleus of the entomological section of the Provincial Museum. Shortly before Christmas Mr. Wallis very kindly wrote offering me the opportunity of looking through it, a chance of which I was most ready to avail myself. Accordingly, in the last week of the old year, I visited him at his rooms on Boyd Avenue, where the collection had been temporarily deposited, and together we spent four or five days studying it, sorting out the mixtures, and making a full list of the species as far as we were able to identify them. Such species as we were uncertain about, or had no means of verifying, were subsequently sent east to experts in the various families. The Hydroecias and Papaipemas went to Mr. Bird, Geo- metrine and Hepialide went to Mr. A. F. Winn, Drs. Barnes and McDunnough, the Catocalas and Deltoids to Mr. Arthur Gibson and Drs. Barnes and McDunnough, and the Micros to Mr. Busck. A number of species in all families were submitted to Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough. The assistance of all these gentlemen is most gratefully acknowledged. Viewed as a whole, the collection was in poor condition. The percentage of worn or indifferent specimens was high, and, with a very few exceptions, the setting was badly done on short pins. Nearly all of those on long pins were from other collections. A portion, none too large a portion either, of the specimens bore date labels, usually face downwards; though so very low was the setting that-the specimens had in any case to be removed when- ever it was desired to read them. The authority for an identifica- tion was very rarely given, and even when given, was written on a label below a series, and never attached to the actual specimen or specimens named by a recognised authority. Some specimens May, 1916 é 162 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. —_—_— bore numbers, probably indicating that they or their duplicates had been submitted to an expert, and it may be possible in some cases to make guesses at associating these specimens with similar numbers amongst the numerous notes and correspondence per- taining to the collection, but which we did not then have time to look through. I cannot recall that we found one single instance in which a Cartwright label was attached to a specimen., But, as | believe Heath to have collected at Cartwright exclusively for about 35 years, we decided that it would be reasonable to assume any specimen to be of Cartwright origin unless any other locality or collector's name was pinned below it, as, for instance, I found was always the case with specimens which I had sent him myself. Heath, though a most energetic collector and ardent lover of nature, had, unfortunately, a poorly developed faculty for recog- nising a species. I had long previously discovered this from corre- spondence and exchange of specimens with him, though, as a matter of fact, he cared little for specimens not from Cartwright, and so rarely accepted in exchange. During Smith’s lifetime, Heath had relied almost exclusively upon him for names in the Noctuida, and very rarely, either openly or privately, disputed a name that was given him. Now, Smith’s determinations for corresponding collectors were very frequently, to say the least of it, hasty, and very often, alas, eulpably careless. In my own experience, in my earlier collecting days in the west, I not in- frequently found that if I sent Smith specimens of a species— it might be of a well known and not very variable species either— twice or three times, he would apply a different and very distinct name to it each time. Heath evidently met with this trouble, and got over the difficulty by dividing a species, not always very variable, into two or three. We frequently found a series of good or tolerably good specimens standing as one species, and a series of bad specimens of the same as distinct. And perhaps a series of smaller specimens of the same thing as something else, such as ‘‘probably new J.B.S.”’ Nor was that all. Besides the frequency with which one species stood for two or more, it was deplorable the number of very distinct and often dissimilar species which were arranged in one series under the same name. In short, the errors and mixtures were appalling. Bo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 163 A few instances of the confusions and mixtures may be in- teresting. Heath had two female co-types of Hadena miniota Smith, described from Miniota and Cartwright. When I saw Smith’s types at Rutger’s College, I recognised in them a form | have been taking at Calgary for twenty years simultaneously with, and apparently grading into, typical verswta, and thereafter in my notes in the “Canadian Entomologist”’ referred miniota as a colour-form of that species. (I have recently had good reason to doubt the correctness of that reference, but that is beside the point at present.) Heath wrote and remonstrated, saying that the two were entirely different and could not be confused. I as- sumed that he had misidentified miniota, and told him so. He thereupon showed me a co-type, which I returned with the remark that it merely confirmed my conviction. When I viewed the collec- tion with Mr. Wallis, the mystery was solved. A short series of miniota, including two co-types, stood under versuta, which label had been surcharged upon a miniota label presumably, as per my dictum. But the surprise stood next to it. A long series, two columns or more, containing two or three miniota, and one or two other species, but principally devastatrix, stood’ also as versuta. That such a series should have been pronounced to be “quite distinct from miniota”’ was of course intelligible. But the complication did not end there, for in another box a series of devastatrix stood, pure, under its correct name. Caradrina rufostriga stood in a series under its correct synonym of punctivena. Elsewhere in the collection it did duty as Hadena indirecta. Noctua clandestina stood correctly named, and also as Amphipyra tragopoginis. Peridroma occulta ditto, and as Polia pulverulenta. Four Agroperina lutosa and one Scopelosoma sidus stood as /utosa, and another series of lutosa as Euxoa scandens. One scandens stood as Porosagrotis vetusta. Scandens and lutosa were two speceis found scattered abroad throughout the collection. Another species badly mixed up with many others, particularly with Orthosia dusca, was Parastichtis discivaria, and one badly worn specimen of it stood as the sole representative of Hadena semicana. Mamestra neoterica was arranged in two series, one as goodellui, another as acutermina. Acutermina itself did duty for neoterica, and two specimens of it stood apart under ‘Noctua, 164 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLGIST. not identified by Smith’’! Mamestra grandis did duty both for its own self, and for /egitima. Four specimens stood under Mame- stra incurva, two of them being Jarissa and two vicina. Cleoceris curvifascia, was [Hillia-algens, which also stood correctly. Orthosia inops and Erastria panatela stood together as 7apinostola variana, and inops, another rather widely scattered species, stood correctly named as well. One Cucullia intermedta stood as Rancora albi- cinerea, Of which species two specimens stood together in the collection under no name. I have mentioned only a few of the principal mixtures and misidentifications. | shall refer to others amongst the list of species to follow. These I think will serve to show that records published by Heath must be treated as wholly unreliable. They may also in some instances serve as a clue as to what species may have been intended by some ‘of his published names. But, whilst that should be thoroughy borne in mind, the fact must not be lost sight of that the late Mr. Heath did a very great deal for western entomology, and his collection, which he spent so many years in accumulating, and which gave him so much pleasure in life, forms a very valuable basis on which Manitoba students may found a list of species occurring in that province. Would that such workers were more numerous. The following list comprises only those species which are believed to have been taken by Heath at Cartwright. The order and nomenclature followed is, with certain necessary exceptions, that of Smith’s 1903 Check List. In some instances amongst the Noctuide; where the generic names adopted by Sir George Hamp- son are at least fairly well known changes, I use those, adding the older ones in brackets. The time will probably not be long before a new general Check List will be published, in which the order and genera used by Hampson will be largely adopted. RHOPALOCERA. NYMPHALID2E. Danais plexippus Linn. Euptoieta claudia Cram. ~ Argynntis cybele Fabr. “k : . «4 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 165 Argynnis aphrodite Fabr. One female without label. Apparent- ly typical, and agreeing with a female in the collection labeled Jefferson, N. Y. Argynnis lais Edw. Very pale and near cypris. Argynnis atlantis Edw. One male without label. Typical. I was surprised to see this form from Manitoba. Mr. Wallis has taken it quite commonly at Winnipeg Beach. Argynnis nevadensis Edw. var. meadi Edw. Standing as edwardsit, by which form it used to be known in the west. Argynnis myrina Cram. Argynnis freija Thunb. Argynnis bellona Fabr. Phyciodes nyctets Db.-Hew. And two large females errone- ously as hanhami Fletcher. Phyciodes ismeria Bd.-Lec. Phyciodes tharos Dru. Grapta interrogationis Fabr. vars. fabricia Edw. and umbrosa Lint. Grapta comma Harr. vars. harris Edw. and dryas Edw. Grapta satyrus Edw. Grapta faunus Edw. Grapta progne Cram. Grapta j-album Bd.-Lec. Vanessa antiopa Linn. Vanessa californica Bdv.. Vanessa milberti Godt. Pyrameis atalanta Linn. Pyrametis huntera Fabr. Pyrameis cardui Linn. Limenttis arthemis Dru. Limenttis archippus Cram. Debis portlandia Fabr. Neonympha canthus Bd.-Lec. Neonympha eurytis Fabr. Cenonympha typhon Rott. var. laidon Borkh. Dr. McDun- nough says that in his opinion this is imornata Edws., and that there is no justification in sinking imornata as a synonym. 166 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Erebia discoidalis Wirby. Satyrus alope Fabr. vars. nephele Wirby and olymphus Edw. Chionobas varuna Edw. LYCANID®. Thecla acadica Edw. Thecla calanus Hbn. Thecla liparops Bd.-Lec. Thecla augustus Kirby. Thecla titus Fabr. Thecla heathii Fletcher. There were no specimens under this name in the collection. The species was described in 1903 from a single female taken by Mr. Heath at Cartwright, about twenty- five years previously. As Dr. Skinner has suggested, it may prove to be an aberration. Chrysophanus thoe Bdv. Chrysophanus helloides Bdv. Lycena sepiolus Bdv. Lycena afra Edw. The form stood as couperii Grt., but Mr. Wallis tells me that it is now called afra (teste, Dr. Skinner). Lycena rustica Edw. One female standing as aquilo. On comparison with Calgary material the specimen appears to be normal female rustica. Lycena melissa Edw. Lycena pseudargiolus Bd.-Lec. and vars. lucia Kirby and neglecia Edw. Lycena amyntula Bdy. Heath appeared to have separated two series as amyntula and comynias, but the separation did not seem justified. PAPILIONID2. Pieris protodice Bd.-Lec. Pieris napi Linn. var. oleracea-estiva Harr. Pieris rape Linn. Nathalis iole Bdy. Colias cesonia Stoll. Colias eurytheme Bdv. ; t Colias eritphyle Edw. ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 167 Colhias philodice Godt. According to specimens named for Mr. Wallis by Dr. Skinner, er7phyle and philodice fly in Manitoba, and are distinguishable, and both are in the Heath collection. He calls those with secondaries yellow beneath eriphyle, and those green philodice. The green appearance, by the way, is really the effect of an admixture of black scales upon a pale lemon ground. If that diagnosis is right, then I have two species mixed at Calgary, but must admit my inability to draw a line between them. More- over, all my philodice from the eastern states have most distinctly vellow undersides to the secondaries. Papilio polyxenes Fabr. Papilio glaucus Linn. var. turnus Linn. HESPERIIDE. Carterocephalus palemon Pall. Thymelicus garita Reak. Pamphila hobomok Harr. Pamphila comma Linn var. manitoba Scudder. Females only stood under the name, but males of this form stood under mystic. Pamphila peckius Wirby. Pamphila mystic Scudd. Three females, much worn. _ Pamphila cernes Bd.-Lec. Pamphila metacomet Harr. Amblyscirtes vialis Edw. Pyrgus tessellata Scudd. Probably the form named occidentalis by Skinner in Ent. News, XVII, 96, March, 1906, and figured on plate XIII, October, of the same year. Nisoniades brizo Bd.-Lec. Nisoniades icelus Lint. Nisoniades juvenalis Fabr. Eudamus pylades Scudd. Eudamus tityrus Fabr. f (TO BE CONTINUED) 168 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. I SS ES A FEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE APPLE MAGGOT PARASITE—BIOSTERES. RHAGOLETIS, RICHMOND. BY C. A. GOOD, TRURO, NOVA- SCOTIA. In the September number (1915) of the Canadian Ento- mologist appeared an article written by Mr. W. C. Woods of Orono, Maine, in which he discussed the presence of the new apple maggot parasite, Biosteres rhagoletis. As he had not seen the insect at work, the following short account should be interesting since it throws some light upon the manner. in which the maggots are parasitized. In August of this year, while observing the oviposition habits of the apple maggot near Digby, Nova-Scotia; my attention was drawn to several small, brownish insects which were flying about the leaves. Presently one of them alighted upon an apple, and after slowly crawling over it in an erratic fashion for a few minutes, it raised itself high on its legs and began prodding the skin of the apple with its ovipositor. Previously this instrument had been stretched out behind the abdomen in a horizontal position, but it was now bent under it, and down in @ vertical manner. First using the two heavier and outer pairs of the ovipositor to pierce ~ the skin, they were eventually raised up slightly while the lighter- coloured, more slender egg-tube was plunged into the-apple to a depth of about one-quarter of an inch. After a pause of a few seconds the whole was withdrawn and the insect moved to a new spot, recommencing the operation at once. Five punctures were made in rapid succession before I caught it. This insect was later determined by Mr. E. A. Richmond, of Cornell University, as Biosteres rhagoletis. | Thus.it appears .hat this parasite is a larval one, and this, no doubt, accounts for the high percentage of mortality among the larve and pupe of the apple maggot. May, 1916 ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 169 APHIDIDZY FOUND ON. THE ee IN BRITAIN AND THE-DESECRIP TION OF. AS NEW -SPECIES FROM AFRICA. BY FRED V. THEOBALD, M.A. APHIDIDA| FOUND ON THE APPLE IN BRITAIN. No less than eight species of Plant Lice or Aphididae have been found at different times on the apple in Great Britain. The . following are the species I have examined :— 1. Aphis pomi De Geer. 2. Aphis kochi Schonteden. 3. Aphis crategi Kaltenbach. 4. Aphis nigra nov. nom (oxyacanthe Koch). 5. Aphis rumicis Fabricius. 6. Siphocoryne avene Fabricius. 7. Phorodon humuli Schrank. 8. Eriosoma lanigera Haussman. Of these, four species are common, namely, Aphis pomi, A phis kochu, Siphocoryne avene and Eriosoma lanigera. Of the others, I have several times received or found Kalten- bach’s A phis crategi, which must not be confounded with the Aphis of that name redescribed by Buckton in his Monograph of British Aphides,* which is a totally distinct insect—green, not black! Aphis rumicis was sent me once from apples in 1900, and in 1904 I found many on some ‘“‘Maiden”’ apples, undoubtedly ‘‘casuals’’ in both cases. Nevertheless this Aphid was reproducing on the fruit trees. Aphis oxyacanihe Koch (non Schrank) has been sent me once from Berkshire. t Phorodon humult, the Hop-Damson Aphis, was found in 1911 breeding on a few apple trees at Wye in considerable numbers. The chief object of this paper is to show that the most harmful of all apple-leaf and shoot-feeding ‘‘Plant Lice”’ in Great Britain is Koch’s Aphis pyri, renamed by Schonteden Aphis kochii (for reasons afterwards given), and not as has been stated here and in America, Kaltenbach’s Aphis sorbi, which was described from specimens found on Sorbus aucuparia, a totally distinct species. 2Voladd prop ipl: XLVIE figs. 1-3, 1877. TThis | have renamed Aphis nigra. May, 1916 170 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST It was only through receiving some aptere from that tree sent by Mr. Britten, from Cumberland, that I discovered this general mistake. That the so-called Brown, Blue and Rosy Aphis or Leaf- curling Aphis of the apple in England was not A phis sorbi was at once seen, for Kaltenbach* clearly stated that the cornicles of the apterous 9 were “‘dlassgelb, an der Spitze braunlich,’”’ whilst the erroneously called Aphis sorbi has them markedly black in all stages. Probably the presence of the four pre-anal papillae in both species led Sanderson and others to the conclusion that they . were the same. Very similar papilla, I find, also occur in Kalten- bach’s A phis crategt. I have not attempted to deal with all the known features of the life histories of these insects, nor the full bibliography, but merely point out their proper names and the salient features of their bionomics as observed in Britain and the literature examined. The Woolly Aphis (Eriosoma lanigera) is not dealt with, how- ever, as I am preparing a special report on this insect in regard to its life in Britain. Several other species have been found on the apple in America; only one of these, so far, is known in Europe, namely, Koch’s A phis medicaginis, which I have found in England, but which, up to now, has not been noticed on the apple. These are referred to in a note at the end of this paper. I also add the description of an undescribed Apple Aphis from Africa. Synonymic List oF British APHIDIDA: FOUND ON THE APPLE. 1. Aphis pomi De Geer. A phis mali Fabricius. Aphis pyri-Kittel (non Boyer, Koch). Aphis padi Sanderson (non Linnzus). Aphis oxyacanthe Schrank. 2. Aphis kochii Schonteden. Aphis pyri Koch (non Boyer). Aphis pyri-mali Fabricius (part). Aphis mali Buckton (part), Britton. *Mono. Pflanzenlause, 1, p. 70, 1843. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST [74 Aphis sorbi Walker (part), Sanderson, Theobald, etc., (non Kaltenbach). Myzus mali Ferrari (part). “A phis malifolie Fitch. 3. Aphis crateegi Kaltenbach (non Buckton). | 4. Aphis nigra, nov. nom. Aphis oxyacanthe Koch (non Schrank). 5. Aphis rumicis Linnzus. Aphis papaveris Fabricius. Aphis thlaspeos Schrank. Aphis fabe Scopoli. Aphis atriplicis Fabricius. Aphis aparines Schrank. Aphis armata Haussman. Aphis dahlie Mosley. A phis atriplicis Buckton. Aphis evonymzi Fabricius. Aphis ulicis Fabricius. ~ Rumicifex Amyot. Meconaplis Amyot. 6. Siphocoryne avene Fabricius. Aphis avene Fabricius. Aphis avene sative Schrank. Aphis annue Oestlund. Aphis mali Fitch (non Fabricius). Aphis fitchit Sanderson. Aphis crategifolie Fitch.t 7. Phorodon humuli Schrank-Koch. Aphis humuli Schrank. Aphis prunt Scopoli. *Schonteden places this as a synonym of De Geer’s Aphis pomi. It is certainly not so. tSchonteden gives Fitch's Aphis prunifolie as a synonym. clearly only Aphis prunz. It is not, for this is 172 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. a EE ee 8. Eriosoma lanigera Haussman. Aphis lanigera Haussman. Eriosoma mali Somonelle. Myzoxylus mali Blot. Schizoneura lanigera Kaltenbach. Pemphigus pyri Fitch. TABLE OF SPECIES: Alate viviparous females I. Cornicles present. A. Abdomen green, with black lateral spots, ete. B. Head and base of antenne without marked processes. Cornicles long, cylindrical, black. Antenne with 7-8 sensoria on segment 3 and 2.to€é on segment 4, oj.) ciaroenvevan pomi 1 Cornicles moderately long, black, slightly swol- len at base. Antenne with 5-6 sensoria on 3 in a line, none 25: ANT ae) ee Bea tana MR RB a pomonella 2 Cornicles rather short, pale brown to green, constricted at base and apex. Sensoria on segments 3, 4 and 5........... avene 3 BB. Head and base of antenna with marked DEOCESSES J Ara ccRaife eR riees oe as humuli 4 AA. Abdomen dark. Black, brownish-black, deep olive- green, with 5 blacker lateral spots and bars, rather SHAW GY oii risks hi ARAN ee rumicis 5 Unknowns. 3 Seas ee eatne epee nigra 6 AAA. Abdomen reddish and black.......0..0......c.000.e> kochu 7 AAAA. Abdomen black white at base...........0/0..6.0.4. crategi § No cornicles,:sinct cn ee Sabet Gone ee lanigera 9 A pterous viviparous females. I. Cornicles present. A. Green, not mealy. B. Cornicles long, cylindrical, black.................... pomi 1 BB. Cornicles shortish, brown and green, constricted at base and apet:ie ata e sae avene 2 BBB. Cornicles long, thin, green.........0..0.00...0. humult 3 : oa THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ee AA. Blue-black, slaty or pink, cornicles black, globose and Meal Vee rate hae aes ES Ne Race anata aes a kochi 4 AAA. — Black. B. Somewhat flattened; mealy......crategi 5 BB. Globose; somewhat mealy; often with Wihitetlecks.- 5.1. ges oer rumicis 6 BBB. Globose; not mealy; all legs DCs ee: a RO RE nigra 7 Ger NOnCOnale 1ES-s so ttt are aA Levee? heat, lanigera 8 Aphis pomi, De Geer. Aphis malt Fabricius (non Oestlund, etc.). A phis oxyacanthe Schrank (non Koch). Aphis padi Sanderson (non Linnzeus). Aphis pyri Kittel (non Boyer, Koch, etc.). De-Geer, Mems. III, p: 53, pl. ITI, figs. 18-21, 17783. Fabricius, Syst. Ent. , p. 737 (pyri- ‘mali), 1794: Ent. Syst., p. 216 (pom1), 1794. Schrank, Fn. Boica. II, p. 115 (mali), p. 115 (oxyacanthe), 1801. Kaltenbach, Mono. Pflanz., p. 72, 1842. Koch, Die Pflanz., p. 107, pl. XX, figs. 148, 144, 1857. Passerini, Gli Afidi, p. 34, 1860; Aphid. Ital. a.z. an. fig. II, p. 163, 1862. Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., se. 2, II, p. 269, 1848; Zoologist. VI, p. 2251, 1848; List. Homop. B. Mus., p. 905, 1852. Ferrari, Aphid. Lig. Ann. d. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova II, p. 68, 1872 Macchiati, Bull. Soc. Ent. Ital., p..255, N. 82 (mali), 1887. Buckton, Mono. Brit. Aph. II, p. 44, pl. L (part), 1879. Taschenberg, Prakt. Ins. kunde, pt. V, p. 53. 1880. Ormerod, Man. Inj. Ins., p. 284 (mali, Kochinete), 1890. Cowen, Bu!l. 31, Colo. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 120, 1895. Fletcher, Rept. Ent. and Bot. Canada, 1895, pp. 147-163, 1896. Ormerod, Handb. Ins. Orchd. and Bush Fruits, p. 6 (mali, ete.), 1898. Fletcher, Rept. Ent. and Bot. Canada, 1898, p. 206 (mali), 1899. Smith, Bull. 148, N. Jersey Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 23, 1900. Forbes, Circ. 36, Ill. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 32, 1901. Leonardi, Gli Insetti Nocioi. III, p. 221, ee Sanderson, Trans. Penn. Hort. Soc., pt. II, 45, 1901, and 12th Rept. Del. Coll. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 191, fig. 10 (padi), 1901. and 13th Rept., p. 130, 1902. Gillette, Bull. 31, U. S. Div. Ent., U. S. A. Dept. Agen. p. 53, 1902. Tullgren, Upp. Prak. Ent. XIII, p. 79 (mali Koch), 1903. Schonteden, Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. KM ep: 78. 1903, and Marcellia; Avellino II, p. 93, 1903. Theobald, Ist Rept. Eco. Zool. (Brit. Mus.), p. 27, 1903. Tavares, Broteria, Lisboa, II, p. 165, No. 16, 1903. Saunders, Rept. Ent. and Bot., 1903; Sess. Pap. 16, p. 193, 1904. ‘ Marcha! and Chateau, Autun. "Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. XVII =p: 2738, 1905. Carpenter, Eco. Proc, Roy. Soc. Dublin I, pt. 4, p. 301, 1905. Dewar, Farmers’ Bull. VIII, p. 12 , Orange River Colony, 1905. 174 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Tavares, Broteria, Lisboa, IV, p. 12, 1905. Sanderson, Bull. 74, Del. Coll. Agri. Exp. Sta., pp. 130-136, figs. 11-14, 1906. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zoo]. 1907, p. 38, 1907. Quaintance, Circ. 81, Bur. Ent., U. S. Dep. Agri., 1907. Grevillius und Niessen, Coeln. Arbeiten der Rheinischen Bauern-vereins, fas. ili, No. 60, 1908. Theobald, Ins. and Allied Pests of Fruit, p. 133, 1908. Gillette and Taylor, Bull. 133, Colo. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 23, 1908, and Bull. 134, p. 11, 1908. Gillette, Journ. Eco. Ent. I, p. 303, pl. 5, figs. 1-8, 1908. Lea, Ins. and Fung. Pests of Oachard od Farm, Tasmania, p. 64, 1908. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool., 1908, p. 50, 1909. Carpenter, Eco. Proc. R. Soc. Dublin, II, pt. 2, p. 12, 1910. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool. 1910, p. 35, 1911. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool. 1911, p. 34, 1912. Tullgren, Upp. Prak Ent. XXII, p. 65 (pomi), 1913. Carpenter, Eco. Pro. R. Dublin Soc. II, No. 6 (pomi and sorbi), 1913. Theobald, Bull. Ent. Res. IV, p. 323, 1914. Patch, Bull. 233, Maine Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 267, 1914. Note.—Oestlund says Dr. Fitch’s Aphis malifolie appears to be a variety of Aphis mali Fabricius, Schonteden, etc., and thinks it is the same as Aphis pomi De Geer; that is mali of Fabricius. I think it may be kochit; it is certainly not pom. DESCRIPTION: Alate viviparous female. Head and thorax black. Abdomen green; cornicles straight, black, imbricated. Antenne shorter than body; 3rd segment with 6-10 sensoria; 4th with 2-4 sensoria; 3rd longer than 4th, 4th longer than 5th, 3rd to 6th imbricated. Cauda black, blunt, with 4 to 5 pairs of lateral hairs. On the green abdomen are four pairs of lateral black spots, and from each arises a blunt projecting tubercle, and another is present on the segment carrying the cornicles, smaller than the preceding but marked; the 7th and 8th segments may have blackish median basal patches. Legs green; apices of femora and tibiz dark; tarsi dark. Wings with vellowish-green insertions. Length 2.0 to 2.5 mm. A plerous viviparous female: Bright green to rich yellow green; cornicles markedly blacky slightly tapering, thick and rather long. Cauda blackish to deep brown. Antenne not quite as long as the body; 3rd to 6th seg- ments imbricated; 3rd longer than 4th, 4th very slightly longer THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST PAS =) than the 5th. Legs green; apices of femora and tibie and the tarsi black. Length 1.5 to 2 mm. Oviparous female: Apterous. Green to dull yellow, often mottled; head brownish. Cornicles black, straight, imbricated. Cauda black. Antenne not as long as body, of 6 segments, basal one larger than the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th nearly equal in length; 6th about as long as 4th and 5th; the 5th and 6th dark; also the Ist and 2nd, remainder green; imbricated, especially apically. The junction of the 3rd and 4th often indistinct. Eyes large, dark. Proboscis reaching past the 2nd pair of legs, acuminate. Pronotum with a large green papilla on each side; abdomen with a large papilla on each side before hind legs and 3 smaller ones between them and the cornicles; sometimes yellowish laterally; also with a few hairs. Cornicles thick, black, cylindrical, slightly expanding basally, imbricated, longer than segment 3 of the antennae. Cauda promi- nent, dark and very spinose, with 5-6 pairs of lateral hairs curved apically and a median dorsal apical one. Anal plate dark. Legs with dark femora, except just at their base; tibiz pale, dark at the apex; tarsi dark; hind tibia with a few pores (2-6), or trace of sensoria*; genitalia dark. Length 1 to 1.5 mm. Male: Apterous, dull yellowish-brown, yellowish-green to green. Antenne of 6 segments, not quite as long to slightly longer than the body; Ist segment wider than the 2nd, but no longer; 3rd as long as the 4th; 4th slightly longer or the same length as the 5th; 6th about as long as the 4th and 5th; in a few I have noticed a single sensorium on the 4th; edges markedly serrated. Eyes large, black. Cornicles black, cylindrical, slightly expanding at the base; not quite as long as segment 3 of the antenna. Femora and tibie dull green to deep brown, except the ‘apex of the latter; tarsi dark. Cauda black, spinose, with several long lateral hairs bent at their tips. Genitalia black. Penis yellowish. Length .8 to 1.0 mm. *Gillett says 10 oval sensoria on hind tibia. 176 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. Food Plants—Apple, Pear, Cotoneaster vulgaris, Cydonia spp., Mespilus germanicus, Crategus oxycanthe, C. monogyna. It has also been referred to on Sorbus aucuparia, S. domesticus, and S. torminalis. Macchiati gives Mespilus japonica and Ailantus glandulosa (p. 255). Distribution.—All over Britain and Europe generally, America, South Africa. The only African records are Dewar’s (1905) and are by Lounsbury, who found the ova on imported stock. Tas- mania (Lea). NOTES ON LIFE-HISTORY. The Green Apple Aphis occurs every, year on apples and pears in Britain, often in considerable numbers, but never in such vast swarms as does the following species. Moreover the damage caused by it is not nearly so severe as that done by A phis kochii. It mainly lives on the top shoots and beneath the leaves; some- times it is densely packed together; at others in scattered groups. The curling of the foliage is not nearly so severe as in attacks of Aphis kochit. This green “ Dolphin’ hatches out from mid-April to early in May; that is somewhat later than in the following species. It increases very slowly at first, but in June it may spread very rapidly, and on into July, when the tops of the trees may become covered with it. The earliest alate females I have found were towards the end of June, and these may continue to appear erratic- ally on into August and fly from the apple and pear to other trees close by. In October the sexual forms occur, namely, apterous, oviparous females and apterous males. These often swarm in October and November under the leaves, where copulation takes place. When fertilized, the females crowd on to the shoots and there deposit their ova, usually great numbers together, so that nothing of the shoots can be seen. At first the ova are yellowish- green to dull yellow; in a few days they become black and shiny. There they remain all the winter. The males are very few in number. The whole life-cycle seems to be passed on the apple and pear, unlike Aphis kochii and A. avene. Miss Patch also finds in America that it is not migratory, and is thus to be found at all seasons of the year upon apples in some form or other. This species does comparatively little harm in Britain, although THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. PLT: it often occurs in great abundance. On young nursery stock, however, I have seen it nct only stunt the growth to a very great extent, but to actuelly kill the tender tips of the shoots. In America Miss Patch says that it.is by fer the mcst troublesome of the leaf aphides of the apple in Maine; contrary to what we nctice in Britain. It can easily be dealt with by spraying, unlike our most troublesome Apple Aphis—A phis kochii. ~The hind tibiae cf the oviparcus femele are not swollen, as is usual, and bear but very few sensoria; in fact, in many I have been unable to find any pores at all. (TO BE CONTINUED). SOME 1915 NOTES ON A FEW COMMON JASSOIDEA IN THE CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI VALLEY STATES. BY EDMUND H. GIBSON, U. S. BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, D. C. The past year has been especially favourable for jassid col- lecting in the Central Mississippi Valley, principally because of frequent rains favouring rank growth of native grasses and weeds, and an ever abundant supply of tender plant growth and foliage. The following notes are from observations made in western Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, eastern Missouri and Arkansas. Dreculacephala mollipes Say was everywhere abundant from early spring until late fall. During the early summer it was very numerous in northern Arkansas, where it caused considerable injury to young corn. Great quantities were observed around electric lights in the heart of the city of St. Louis early in September. There is no doubt but that D. mollipes. has a characteristic habit of long flights at night. This is one, if not the mcst general feeder of all the Jassoidea. However, oviposition seems to be confined principally to grains, grasses, and grass-like plants. This sharp- headed grain leafhopper was seldom taken in sweepings from the foliage of trees. Diedrocephala versuta Say became abundant during the late summer. It was found to be of economic importance to cow-peas in Missouri, where occasional injury was noted to the tender growth of the vines. Alfalfa is the only other field crop upon which they were found abundant. Adults were collected from many ornamental May. 1916 SA Rees ~_) 178 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST. plants and shrubs growing in the Missouri Botanical Gardens at St. Louis. This species, the nymphs particularly, seem to be rather sluggish in their movements. They do not jump or run quickly, and it is quite easy to put one’s finger on them. Diedrocephala coccinea Say, one of the most handsome and striking forms, was taken wherever collections were made. | While not found in such numbers as D. mollipes or D. versuta, yet they were observed feeding on a great variety of plants, including over 50 species of weeds, on many ornamental plants and shrubs, and various trees. It was the only species found to feed on the leaves of the American Holly. Many of their nymphal cast skins were observed on the under side of the leaves of Magnolia trees, upon which they undoubtedly feed. Adults are attracted to lights at night and remain almost inactive during the day time. Phlepsius irroraius Say appeared to be of considerable economic importance to alfalfa and clover throughout the central Mississippi Valley states. It was also collected in abundance from various grains during the spring months. The greatest damage done seems to be caused by the feeding of the nymphs and adults upon the ~stems, which they prefer to the leaves. This irrorate leafhopper exhibits flight as much in day time as at night. Adults and nymphs were captured at all seasons of the year. Agallia sanguinolenta Prov., the clover leafhopper, has a general distribution, and occurred in sufficient numbers to cause some alarm to alfalfa growers. This with Empoasca mali caused considerable injury to alfalfa and red clover in southeast Missouri during the early summer months. It proved, however, to be easily captured in the hopperdozer. This is one of the hardiest of the Jassoidea. Adults were observed to be active in grain fields during the winter months on comparatively cold days, when other species were in hiding or hibernating. The list of food plants is quite limited, it having been taken from but few other plants than those of the Leguminosz family. ; Empoasca mali Le B. was probably the most injurious jassid of the year, adults and nymphs attacking alfalfa, clover, and several other field crops in great numbers. The species occurs everywhere in the Mississippi Valley, and is most injurious in the central states. It easily adapts itself to change of food plants, as a , im | ai miei rt x THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 179 is evidenced by the innumerable plants, shrubs, and trees upon which it is known to feed. This is one of the earliest species to make its appearance in the spring. During 1915 there were at least six generations for the latitude of southern [linois. The author has for some time suspected this species of being an im- portant factor in the spread and dissemination of the alfalfa yellow leaf spot, Pseudopeziza medicaginis, and the brown spot, Coleto- trichum trifolium, and in this regard possibly A gallia sanguinolenta plays a part. The adults exhibit a strong habit of flight, especially at night. Among other Jassoidea which were common during the year, the following may be listed: Pediopsis viridis Fitch. A gallia constricta Say. Cicadula 6-notata Fall. Deltocephalus inimicus Say. Deltocephalus nigrofrons Forbes. Athysanus exitiosus Uhl. Athysanus bicolor Van D. Platymetopius frentalis Van D. Eutettix seminuda Say. Typhlocyba comes Say. ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. Alfred E. Cameron, D.Sc., M.A. (Aberdeen), M.Sc. (Man- chester), has been appointed a Field Officer of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. He will be specially charged with the investigation of the Pear Thrips and other insects in British-Columbia. Dr. Cameron graduated in 1909 in the University of Aberdeen with the degree of master of arts. After taking the further degree of bachelor of science in Zoology, he took up advanced ento- -mological work under Prof. Maxwell Lefroy, Professor of Ento- mology in the Imperial College of Science, London, and continued his entomological research work as an Honorary Research Fellow in the University of Manchester in 1912, where he took the degree of master of science (M.Sc.). He was appointed by the English Board of Agriculture and Fisheries to a Government Scholarship, and continued his investigations in England and in the United States. In 1914 he spent a year conducting practical entomological - 180 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST work and spraying experiments in the Agricultural Experiment — Station of New Jersey under Dr. Headlee, State Entomologist, and returned to England to take up university work in Manchester and the University College of South Wales. He has published a number of entomological memoirs in various scientific journals and received his doctorate in 1915. His thorough scientific and practical training will make him a valuable addition to the Ento- mological Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture. THOMAS H. CUNNINGHAM. We regret to announce the death, on February 16th, of Mr, Thomas H. Cunningham, Inspector of Fruit Pests for British Columbia, at the age of 78 years. Mr. Cunningham's health had been poor during the last two years, but he continued his duties — in spite of advanced years and diminished vigour with a character- istic tenacity. For many years he had served the Board of Horticulture of British Columbia as its Inspector of Fruit Pests with a zeal rarely equalled. It was natural that in the prosecution of his work of inspecting orchards and nurseries, imported nursery stock and fruit, he should fail to please everybody; but to the wholehearted enthusiasm with which he carried out his work is due, to no small degree, the comparative freedom of British Columbia orchards from some of our most serious fruit pests. To name two in par- ticular, the Codling Moth and San José Scale, would have been widely distributed by this time but for the energetic methods he employed. The fruit growers of the province owe much to his industry, and his death removes a unique member of the Entomo- logical fraternity of Canada. bo * K K The Ohio State University has recently inaugurated a plan pro- viding for Research Professors which enables the holders to devote their time especially to research work, and Professor Herbert Osborn has been elected Research Professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology. He will be relieved from routine, class and department duties, devoting his time to researches, especially in the line of Entomology, but will continue to have direction of research work of Graduate students in his particular field. Mailed May 15th, 1916. a z ig 16 i d fs a3 + A mT gies i Z ae ye SLSR. SY ah aS 28 2 RPO ATR ES Can. Ent., Voi. XLVII. PiaTe VIII. LEPERISINUS CALIFOKNICUS, N. SP. Adult (enlarged 10 diam.); and tunnels in olive branch (natural size). Ey Che Ganacliay Favtomologist. VoL. XLVIII. LONDON, JUNE, 1916 No. 6 NEW SPECIES OF THE FAMILY IPIDA® (COLEOPTERA) * PART ITE. BY }. M. SWAINE, ENTOMOLOGICAL BRANCH, DEFARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. Pityokteines jasperi, n. sp. A small, very slender species, closely allied to sparsus Lec; with the elytra very closely, regularly, deeply punctured behind. Description of the female—Length, 2.3 mm.; width, .” mm.; colour, dark piceous, nearly black, with the antennae and legs paler. The head has the front plano-convex, densely very finely granulate, with a small median tubercle, and thickly clothed with very long curved yellow hairs much as in sparsus; the antennal club thickened basally, very obliquely truncate and depressed apically, with the sutures confined to the apical depressed outer surface. The pronotum is distinctly longer than wide, with the sides straight on the basal half, broadly evenly rounded in front; coarsely, rather densely, and irregularly asperate in front; rather coarsely, moderately closely and deeply punctured behind, more finely near the rather wide smooth median line; with sparse long hairs about the sides and in front, and the front margin densely fringed with long curved yellow hairs. The elytra are elongate, with the sides parallel beyond the middle, the striae narrowly faintly impressed, the sutural striz distinctly deeper and wider, the strial punctures of median size, very close on the disc, and deep; the interstrial punctures regularly uniseriate, deep, as large as those of the strie and nearly as close on the caudal half, as close and granulate near the declivity, a little smaller and less numerous towards the base. The declivity is steep, convex, with the suture elevated and granulate and the *Contributions from the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. 182 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST sutural stria strongly impressed; almost unarmed, with the declivital teeth reduced to three extremely minute acute granules in the usual situations, on the 2nd and 3rd and 6th interspaces, with a very few additional minute granules; the declivity very closely and deeply punctured. The pubescence of the elytra is rather short and abundant on the sides and behind. The male has the front plano-convex, densely, deeply granu- late-punctate, with an indistinct median carina, and_ sparsely hairy; the declivity concave from the deeply widely impressed sutural stria, sparsely deeply punctured, shining, the 2nd and 3rd teeth large, acute, within the rather distinct granulate lateral margin, the 2nd curved, the first tooth minute. Jasper Park, Alberta, Canada. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. Pityokteines elegans, n. sp. This species is closely allied to sparsus (balsameus) Lec., but is slightly more elongate, with the elytral striae finely, regularly impressed, and the interstrial punctures very small. Description of the female—Length, 2.5 mm.; the head has the front flattened, densely, finely granulate, very densely clothed with very long incurved orange-coloured hairs; the antennal club wider than long, the first suture nearly straight except at the sides, the distal oblique part strongly depressed. The pronotum is slightly longer than wide, with the acto feebly arcuate on the basal half; the front margin broadly rounded, rather clesely asperate in front; rather finely and sparsely punctured behind, with a wide smooth median space; the hairs sparse, long and erect about the sides, thicker on the frontal declivity and gradually longer from the summit to the apical margin, which is densely fringed with very long orange hairs similar to those of the front of the head. The elytra are slightly longer than in sparus, with the sides parallel, the apex semicircularly rounded, the striz finely regularly impressed, the sutural stria somewhat deeper and wider than the others; the strial punctures small and very closely placed, slightly _smaller at the base; the interspaces wide, moderately convex on the disc, smooth except near the declivity; the interstrial punctures THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 183 sparse on the disc and distinctly smaller than those of the strie, becoming closer, as large as those of the striae and granulate near the declivity and on the sides; the declivity very steep, almost as in sparsus, shining, sparsely but strongly punctured; the suture raised, the declivital face somewhat circularly flattened and rather deeply and broadly sulcate on each side, with three small, acute teeth on each side, situate just within the rather ill-defined, crenu- late, lateral margin of the declivity, the ventral acute margin formed by two crenulations on each side and absent near the suture. The male has the front convex, rather coarsely punctured, more sparsely behind, rather densely towards the epistoma, the punctures slightly granulate, sparsely hairy; the pronotum without the fringe of long hairs from the front margin; the elytral declivity deeply concave, with the 2nd and 3rd teeth of each side forming part of the lateral margin and very large, stout, incurved and acute. Described from four females and two males, sent by Professor H.-F. Wilson, Corvallis, Oregon, Labels: Hood River, O.; Childs Coll.; 8-20-14; Also, Grassy Lake, Lassen Co., Cal., Pinus monticola, Mr. Ralph Hopping. The type is in the collection of the Entomo- logical Branch, Ottawa. Orthotomicus lasiocarpi, n. sp. A very small slender species combining characters of Ortho- tomicus and Pityokteines. Description of the female—The length, 2 mm.; slender. The head has the front convex, deeply rather coarsely punctured, sparsely towards the vertex, densely towards the epistoma; with a wide median carina cn the caudal two-thirds; transversely im- pressed on the epistoma; the pubescence short and inconspicuous, cleser on the epistoma; the antennal club slightly longer than wide, obliquely truncate cn the distal half, with the distal seg- ments showing from the upper side at the apex, the sutures pro- curved, the sutures of the under face on the distal half and slightly precurved. The pronotum is slightly longer than wide, feebly arcuate on the sides behind, slightly constricted before the middle and broadly 184 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST rounded on the front margin; the asperities of the cephalic half numerous and subconcentric; the caudal half moderately deeply, closely punctured, densely on the sides; the median line smooth, and narrowly carinate from the summit to the base; the lateral oblique depressions connected across the dorsum. The elytra are elongate, with the sutural striz slightly, broadly impressed, a little more widely behind; the other stria not im- pressed; the strial punctures very small, moderately close and deep; the interstrial punctures nearly as large and nearly as close as those of the striz, finely granulate behind; the suture elevated except at the base and granulate towards the declivity. The declivity convex from the side, steep, the sutural striz deeply widely sulcate, wider towards the apex, terminated before the apex of the elytra by the obtuse, narrow, apical projection; shining, very minutely rather sparsely punctured; with a few minute denticles on each side in the usual position on the crest of the lateral convexity, the Ist on the end of the 2nd interspace, the 2nd on the 3rd interspace, and two close together on the 5th and 6th interspaces. The second visible abdominal sternite is as long as the two following ones united. The male has the front as in the female; it differs only in having the declivital denticles of the 2nd, 3rd and 6th interspaces developed into small acute teeth, and the declivital impression apparently deeper thereby. The genitalia have the “trough” a very long spiral band and the pro- cesses (feet) very long and slender, very much as in sparsus. This species is of the size of jasperi, but more slender, and is allied to the species of Pityokteines in the small size, the elytral punctuation, the poorly developed apical projection of the elytra, the long second visible abdominal sternite, and the characters of the male genitalia. The antennal club, however, although flattened considerably, has the apical segments incompletely telescoped, - showing distinctly at the apex from the upper side, the apex of the declivity, too, is distinctly though obtusely margined; and the female lacks the strong tuft of hairs on the front; these characters unite the species rather definitely with the genus Orthotomicus. Type series from Rogers’ Pass, British Columbia, abundant in Abies lasiocarpa; Edmonton, Alta., abundant in Larix americana. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 185 Orthotomicus ornatus, n. sp. This is a small elongate species, allied to sparus (balsameus) Lec., and also to celatus Eichh. Description of the male—Length, 2.83 mm. The head has the front convex, closely, rather coarsely granulate, with the median carina nearly obsolete, the hairs long but sparse; the antennal club about as wide as long, thickened basally, the apical half strongly obliquely truncate, the first suture recurved, with the apical segments almost completely telescoped, showing only one suture at the apex, on the upper surface. The pronotum is distinctly longer than wide, with the sides straight to well beyond the middle, then narrowed to the broadly rounded front margin; coarsely very sparsely asperate and finely granulate, moderately punctured behind, closely on the sides, rather sparsely on the disc, with a smooth medium space becoming narrow and slightly carinate towards the summit. The elytra have the sides stiaight and parallel for four-fifths the length; then semicircularly rounded behind as viewed from above; the striz narrow, straight, regular, and slightly impressed; the sutural striz slightly wider and more strongly impressed on the disc, still more strongly behind, but not widened before the declivity; the strial punctures rather large except towards the base, regular, quadrate, and very closely placed; larger and closer behind; the interspaces nearly flat, those of the disc wider than the striae in front and narrower towards the declivity, uniseriately punctured, the punctures rather numerous, about 12 on the discal interspaces between the base and the top of the declivity, the punctures very small in front becoming as large and close as those of the strie and granulate near the declivity. The declivity is vertical, moderately concave, somewhat less deeply than the male of sparsus; densely, coarsely punctured and hairy; with three acute teeth on each elytron, the first tooth minute, on the second interspace; the second extremely coarse, stout at the base, acute, incurved, on the third and fourth interspaces, much clcser to the first tooth than to the third; the third smaller, slender, straight and acute, on the sixth and seventh interspaces; the second and third on the margin of the declivity, which is completed laterally 186 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST by a subacute arcuate ridge connecting the second and_ third teeth; with a small denticle on the end of the fifth interspace at the kase of the second tooth; the apical margin of the declivity narrowly separated from the elytral margin, moderately acute, entire, extending across the suture. The female has the front closely coarsely granulate-punctate, with a narrow median carina on the caudal half developed into a compressed tubercle at the cephalic end on the centre of the front, and with a deep transverse impression between the tubercle and the margin of the epistoma; the declivity nearly vertical, similar to that of the male, but much lIcss deeply concave; the sutural striz still distinctly but much less deeply and broadly suleate, and the sides of the declivity less elevated and less distinctly margin- ed; the apical margin feeble, barely distinct at the suture; with smaller teeth, situated much as in the male, on the convexity laterad of the sulcus, but in a straight oblique line, the first minute, the second and third alike, small, conical and acute; the concavity densely, coarsely punctured and hairy as in the male. The second visible segment of the abdomen is as long as the next two united. This species unites the characters of Orthotomicus with thcse of Pityokteines. It is allied to Orthotomicus in the frontal secondary sexual characters, and in the fairly distinct apical margin of the declivity; but rather closely to the typical Piiyokteines in the small size, long second visible abdominal sternite, and frequently by the characters of the somewhat variable antennal club. It is represented in our collection as follows: A short type series from Williams, Arizona, in the Cornell Uni. Collection, No. 302, sub. 100; a short series from Oregon sent by Professor H. F. Wilson; a shert series from Tulare, Co. Cal., taken by Mr. Ralph Hopping in Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. + Ips chagnoni, n. sp. Description of the male—Length, 4.7 mm.; width, 1.75 mm.; larger and stouter than its close ally, grandicollis Eich., sides of prothorax and elytra nearly parallel, pronotum slightly wider than the elytra; clothed with stiff, erect, reddish hairs, thick THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 187 about the sides, front of the pronotum and margin of the declivity, sparse on disc of pronotum and disc of elytra. The front of the head is much as in grandicollis, but more coarsely sculptured, with a median coarse granule near the epistomal margin, succeeded by a broad median impression, and this by the wide smooth median line; the antennal club has the sutures rather broadly but strongly angulate. The pronotum is distinctly but only moderately longer than wide, broadly rounded behind, with the hind angles oblique; the sides subparallel to the middle, then obliquely narrowed and broadly rounded in front; the asperities of the cephalic half rather small and concentric near the summit; the caudal part smooth and shining, rather finely and moderately closely punctured on the disc, with the smooth median space obsolete except at the centre of the disc, clesely and more coarsely punctured on the sides. The elytra are punctate-striate, with the striae slightly impressed on the disc, excepting the sutural striae, which are very deeply impressed and wider behind, with the punctures larger, closer and transverse; the punctures of the remaining striae of medium size, circular and more closely placed on the disc; the interspaces flattened, excepting the first two, which are distinctly convex; all the interspaces confusedly punctured and granulate at the margin of the declivity; the lateral interspaces closely uniseriately punctured, with punctures as large as those of the striae, the punc- tures confused at the base, near the declivity, and on the last two interspaces; the discal interspaces more sparsely punctured, the first rather closely uniseriately punctured throughout and granulate near the declivity, the second punctured only near the declivity and the base, widest and the most strongly convex; the third with three widely separated punctures in addition to these at the base and near the declivity; the fourth punctured forward to the middle and again at the base; the fifth sparsely punctured at the base and closely towards the declivity; and the remaining interspaces closely punctured; the elytra rather densely clothed with stiff reddish hairs on the sides and around the margin of the declivity, with a few hairs along the base, and very sparsely hairy on the disc. The declivity is deeply excavated, ccarsely, 188 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST not densely, confusedly punctured, with numerous minute hairs, thicker and longer near the margin and on the strongly raised suture; the declivital armiture nearly as in grandicollis Eichhoff; the first tooth small, acute, on the end of the second intetspace; the second, on the fourth interspace, large, acute, the apex directed dorso-mesad with the caudal margin crenulate and nearly vertical, connected at its base with the third tooth, which is stouter and longer, blunt and somewhat curved meso-caudad; the fourth and fifth teeth smaller and acute, on the declivital margin between the 3rd and the acute apical margin, which is narrow, acute, and raised almost to the level cf the tips of the 4th and 5th teeth. The female is somewhat less coarsely sculptured’ on the frent and declivity. There is considerable variation in the punctuation, and the discal striae of the elytra are frequently decidedly impressed, with all the discal interspaces convex. The length varies from 4 mm., to 5.2 mm. This species is distinct from erandicollis Eich. in the larger size, stouter form, shorter pronotum, and confusedly punctured interspaces near the declivity; from vancouvert and confusus by the very sparse punctures on the basal half of the discal inter- spaces. The species is abundant in Ontario and Quebec Provinces, chiefly in Picea canadensis and Pinus strobus; it extends south- wards into New York State. The type is from Montreal Island, P. Q., collected by Mr. G. Chagnon, of Montreal, and is deposited in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. Ips vancouveri, n. sp. Description of the male— Allied to confusus Lec., but stouter, densely hairy, and much more coarsely suclptured; length, 5.5 mm.; colour, dark reddish brown. The head has the front evenly convex, coarsely rather sparsely granulate, more finely and densely on the sides; the epistoma transversely impressed, with a narrow median emargination; with a compressed, short, blunt median tubercle at the base of the — epistoma, followed by a small median impression, and the smooth median line obsolete; the vertex shining and nearly smooth; the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 189 sutures of the antennal club very strongly angulate at the middle; the pubescence of the front close, long and erect. The pronotum is distinctly longer than wide, widest at the base, with the sides slightly arcuately narrowed for two-thirds the length, then strongly narrowed to the narrow but broadly rounded front margin; subconcentrically, not very densely asperate in front; the pubescence abundant and long about the sides and in front; closely, rather coarsely and deeply punctured behind, more closely on the sides. The elytra are as wide as the pronotum, with the striz strongly impressed on the disc, distinctly impressed on the sides; the sutural strie deep and wide, deepened towards the base, and widened behind; the strial punctures coarse, close, deep and quadrate, smaller near the declivity, the discal interspaces strongly convex and coarsely roughly punctured, not closely near the base, densely and confused on more than the caudal half, and granulate about the declivity; the lateral interspaces with the punctures less coarse but very densely confused throughout; the first interspace closely confusedly punctured and uniseriately granulate; the second interspace the widest, sparsely punctured in front, closely, con- fusedly granulate-punctate on more than the caudal half and with a row of acute granules terminating in the first declivital tooth, which is much closer to the second tooth than to the suture; the de- clivital teeth otherwise nearly as in confusus, but distinctly coarser, the 2nd tooth conical acute, with its caudal margin sinuate and nearly vertical, close to the 3rd, which is stout, subcapitate and curved downwards, the 4th and 5th conical, on the margin of the declivity between the 3rd and the narrow, strongly produced apical margin; the concavity densely, deeply, rather finely punc- tured, and densely clothed throughout with long slender pale hairs; the elytra densely clothed with long hairs, more sparsely on the disc. The female has the frontal tubercle of the male represented by a slight median episternal carina, followed by a median shining impressed area, and the declivital teeth less strongly developed. The species occurs in Sitka spruce and western white pine on Vancouver Island and the coast of British Columbia; it occurs 190 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST at Kaslo, B. C., and probably elsewhere in the interior. The type is from Pinus monticola, Quathiaski Cove, B. C. The size varies moderately, from 5 mm. to 5.7 mm. in length; the colour, from dark reddish to black; the punctuation from: coarse to moderate in size. The type is in the collection of the Entomological Branch, Ottawa. Leperisinus californicus, n. sp. This species is allied to aculeatus Say, of the same size and shape, with the yellow-grey markings very distinct. Description of the female—Length, 2.5 mm.; colour, black, with the apex of the pronotum, the base of the elytra, the scape and funicle of the antennae and the legs red, and the pronotum and elytra distinctly marked with areas of yellow-grey scales. The head has the front broadly moderately concave in front, convex towards the vertex; very finely reticulate and moderately shining; finely granulate-punctate, sparsely in front, with closer, shorter, erect, dark, plumose hairs behind, the epistoma bearing very long, upcurved, slender, plumose hairs, and from the margin a dense fringe of very long, simple, orange-coloured hairs; a sub- triangular area behind the epistoma more brightly shining and with a faint trace of a median carina; the antennal club pubescent, elongate oval, moderately compressed, with the sutures transverse, the last oblique. The pronotum is very much wider than long, strongly arcuate on the sides and very strongly narrowed in front to the very broadly rounded but not emarginate front margin; with coarse, shallow punctures, finely scabrous on the median area, with rather numerous coarse, lunar rugosities on the middle of the sides, ending in front in a submarginal row of rugosities connecting the lateral dark areas; the colour-markings somewhat as in aculeatus, with a black lens-shaped, longitudinal, median area, clothed with elongate, plumose, dark-coloured, almost invisible scales, intermixed with stout plumose hairs; with a longitudinal, narrow, irregular, medially widened, black area in the middle of each side and the remainder of the disc densely clothed with very wide, flat, yellow-grey, plumose scales, with a few stout plumose hairs intermixed, the a a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 191 scales gradually becoming stout plumose hairs on the ventral surface and along the front margin. The elytra are shaped much as in aculeatus, strongly elevated, arcuate and serrate on the basal margin, and narrowly rounded behind as viewed from above; the declivity very strongly oblique, from the side, so that the median line of the elytra is almost evenly broadly arcuate in profile from the middle to the apex; clothed with scales and erect hairs; the stria very narrow, slightly impressed ; the strial punctures small and indistinct; the interspaces wide and nearly flat, on the disc slightly convex towards the base; the suture elevated on the caudal two-thirds, and the third interspace con- vex, more strongly on the declivity; the interspaces with uniseriate coarse rugosities, becoming lunar and more numerous at the base and more acute behind; densely clothed with very wide, often subcircular, flattened, plumose scales which become stout plumose hairs at the base, long, conspicuous and usually black on the caudal two-thirds of the sides, very slender near the side margin, becoming very large, erect, widely spatulate scales behind on the disc, longer and densely placed on the first and third interspaces of the declivity, making those interspaces apparently carinate, nearly obsolete on the second declivital interspace; on the disc the vestiture coloured in three yellow-grey bands alternating with three dark subtransverse bands; the first band black, suffused with reddish, basal; the second band pale, wide, from the suture to the side margins, extending irregularly backwards on the side, with the pale section of the first interspace attaining the scutellum, that on the second ex- tended farther behind, that on third nearly obsolete; the second pale band, the fourth from the base, is a subquadrate blotch on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th interspaces, extended forward on the 5th and connected diagonally by scattered pale scales with the base of the first pale band, evidently the remnant of a strongly oblique pale band, surrounded by the 8rd and 5th bands, which are black, and meet on the middle of the side to be extended ir- regularly to the side margins; the third pale band, the sixth from the base, is transverse, apical, with a narrow extension forward on the 4th and 5th interspaces nearly to the 2nd pale band, and connected by scattered pale scales with a caudal extension of the Ist pale band on the 8th interspace. 192 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST The ventral surface is stronglyinflated at the metathorax, the abdomen strongly oblique from the metathorax to the apex; the last segment strongly flattened and the last three sutures very deep; clothed with greyish, stout, plumose, scale-like hairs with slender plumose hairs intermixed towards the middle line, with a dark area covering the last two segments and the caudal border of the 3rd densely clothed with erect black hairs. The male has the front less concave, with a well-developed acute postepistomal median carina, with the hairs on the epistoma short except the marginal fringe, which is moderately long. Labels with the type: San Diego, Cal., 7-18-15, clive, 9. Adults and work in olive branches were received from Professor EK. O. Essig and Dr. E. C. Van Dyke. The species was taken from living olive trees, at San Diego, Cal., in 1914, and was causing much injury to the host. Two specimens of the.same species were received from Mr. Ralph Hopping, taken by him on brush in the chapparal belt, Camp Greely, Fresno Co., Cal., 3,000 ft., in 1909. The type of this species is in the collection of the Entomo- logical Branch. Ottawa. THE NYMPHS OF ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM AND E. CALVERTI. BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. The nymph of Enallagma cyathigerum Charp. has been de- scribed by Lucas ('00)! and Ris ('09)?, that of E. calverti Morse by the present writer ('13)%. No description of the nymph of the former species based on American specimens has, however, yet appeared, and this has been a desideratum for two reasons. In the first place the American form of cyathigerum was originally described as a distinct species (EZ. annexum Hagen), and has been frequently cited under this name, or as E. cyathigerum race annexum, and although Williamson ('02)* pointed out its identity with cyathigerum, and has been generally followed, the question of the validity of annexum as a race has always seemed to me not indisputable. I have examined a large number of Cana- dian specimens from a very wide range of territory and also a number of European examples, and, although I regard them all as one species, I have never had any difficulty in separating the June, 1916 JHE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 193 males of the American form from those of the European form by the shape cf the abdominal appendages. The difference is slight, but corstant in the material I have examined. In the second place, having recently reared cyathigerum at Toronto, I find that the nymph dces not wholly agree with Ris’ description and figure (I have not had access to Lucas’ description), but that, on the other hand, it is so extremely like that of calverti that a comparative study of these forms is necessary in order to make their separation. possible. Early in June, 1914, I found E. cyathigerum in considerable numbers at ‘‘Fisherman’s Island,’’ a long narrow sand bar, south of the city, which separates Ashbridge’s Bay from the open lake, and, until recent filling-in operations commenced, was margined on the inner side by a wide extent of marsh. It proved too late to obtain the nymphs that season, but on May 24 of the following year a visit was made to the same spot and about twenty mature nymphs were secured. They were accompanied by large numbers of EF. hagenit. On May 26 a male cyathigerum emerged, and as the identity of the nymphs was now assured, the remainder was preserved for study. Images had already become quite numerous on the island, and soon became abundant. A large number were examined, but all were alike; no specimens of calverti were found among them. Shortly afterwards they disappeared and were followed, as in the previous year, by swarms of FE. hagent. During the season of flight of cyathigerum, E. calverit was common about a pond in the vicinity of my house in Wychwood Park, Toronto, and I reared this species again here, as I had previously done at Lake Simcoe and Go-Home Bay, Ont. I was thus able to obtain sufficient material for a comparison of the nymphs of the two species. The Nymph of Enallagma cyathigerum. (Pl. IX). Very similar to E. calverti Morse in size, form and coloration @e@an ents ely 1913p. 162°\ pl. 1) hfigs..4, 5). -Head*as in British Dragonflies, pp. 297-307. Die Siisswasserfauna Deutschlands. Heft 9, Odonata, pp. 50, 54. Can. Ent., XLV, No. 6, p. 162. Proc. Acad. Ind., p. 121. i £0 SO b= 194 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST E. calverti, differing from that of E. hageni, E. ebrium, Ischnura verlicalis and Cenagrion resolutum in the somewhat more prominent eyes and postero-lateral surfaces of the head, these parts having a somewhat more strongly sinuate outline in dorsal view (cf. Can. Ent., /.c., figs. 4, 6). Labium of the usual form in this genus, the lateral margins in about the proximal two-thirds straight and diverging at an angle of about 30°,in the remainder at about 70°, breadth at the base of lateral lobes four-fifths of the length; mental seta 4, sometimes 3 on one or both sides, lateral sete 6; lateral lobes of the usual form, the end-hook preceded by 2 or 3 teeth, which are preceded by a more or less denticulated and incurved margin. Spinules on lateral margins of abdominal seg- ments of moderate size, forming an irregular single or partly double series and not increasing much in size near the postero- lateral angles. Gills long and relatively narrower than in E: hageni, the margins of a little less than the proximal half spinulose, the spinules somewhat coarse, particularly on the dorsal margin of the median gill and the ventral margins of the lateral gills, distal margins with moderately long slender hairs; apices convexo-angulate or rounded. The greatest breadth is just before the distal end of the spinulose margins, measuring between one-fourth and one- fifth (median gill) or one-fifth and one-sixth (lateral gills) of the length. Beyond this point the gills are suddenly, though slightly, narrowed. : The lateral appendages (superior appendages of adult) differ in form in the two sexes. In the male, they are rounded and some- what depressed, in profile about half longer than deep, and, when viewed obliquely from above, they present a distinct, though shallow, dorso-caudal concavity; viewed directly from above, they appear about as broad as long with convex margins, especially the outer. In the female, these appendages are subpyramidal, tapering to a blunt apex, the outer margin in dorsal view nearly straight, the inner margins somewhat more convex toward the base. Colour—Olivaceous or brownish-green (brownish-yellow in alcoholic specimens), generally nearly uniform, but frequently more or less speckled with dark irregular spots, the abdemen THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 195 usually with diffuse, dorsal longitudinal dark band, divided by a pale median line, and sometimes with a definite row of dark spots on the sides, legs pale, femora with a darker anteapical annulus, which may be faint in pale specimens. Gills generally diffuse greyish-brown, sometimes very pale, sometimes quite dark, typically with three or four narrow, transverse, somewhat angular bars about the middle or slightly beyond, following one another closely and sometimes partly confluent, the first band usually the most distinct and in very pale specimens sometimes the only one present. In well-marked specimens there may be an indication of another band farther distad, and in dark specimens there may also be considerable pigmentation along the tracheal branches and some- times dark blotches independent of the trachee. Length of body 21-21.5 mm.; hind wing-pad 4-4.8 mm.; hind femora 3.8-4,4 mm.; gills 7.5-8.5 mm. As in the case of the adults, the nymphs of EF. cyathigerum and calverti differ apparently only in one constant character, the form of the superior (lateral) abdominal appendages of the male. In the nymph of calverti these appendages in profile appear fully as deep as long, with a much broader and more bluntly rounded apex, which is somewhat above the mid-longitudinal axis. The sulcation seen in cyathigerum in an oblique view from above is not present in calverti. The outline of the appendage viewed directly from above is less rounded than in cyathigerum, the outer margins being but slightly curved, and passing into the posterior margins by a rounded angle. There is a distinct submedian longi- tudinal ridge. Ris’ figure cf the gill of a European specimen of FE. cyathigerum, reproduced from a photograph, differs considerably from the gills of my specimens, being more like those of E. hageni and E. ebrium in form. It is littlke more than three times as long as broad; the margins are more evenly convex, and the marginal spinules appear decidedly smaller, these of the stronger series not interrupting the curve of the margin as in American specimens and in FE. calvertt. In Ris’ figure, the gill is broadest beyond the apex of the spinulose part of the margins, while in American specimens the greatest width is just before this point. The gill is also described as having no transverse bands and none appear on the figure. 196 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX. Figs. 1-5, Enallagma cyathigerum, Charp., nymph; 1, median gill; 2, lateral abdominal appendages of female, dorsal view (median gill removed); 3, lateral abdominal appendages of male, dorsal view; 4, right appendage of male, profile view; 5, same, dorso-lateral view. Figs. 6-8, Enallagma calverti Morse, nymph; 6, lateral abdominal appendages of male, dorsal view (median gill removed); 7, right appendage of male, profile view; 8, same, dorso-lateral view. GEOFFREY MEADE-WALDO. All who attended the Jubilee Meeting of the Entomological Society of Ontario in August, 1913, rememker, among other pleasant recollections of that meeting, the pleasure which the presence of Mr. Meade-Waldo occasioned; Mr. Meade-Waldo attended the meeting as a representative of the British Museum of Natural History. To all those and to his other friends in Canada his untimely death in March wll come as a shock. He had a peculiarly winning manner and a deep leve not only of the science to which he chiefly devoted himsclf, but to nature generally, as he was a keen ornithologist and an ardent advocate for the preserva- tion of wild life. His enthusiasm was very marked during the excursion we made at the time of the meeting to Grimsby, from which excursion he arrived home not only with his hands full, but, in the absence of a third prehensile organ, carrying in his mouth a twig bearing a Sphinx caterpillar. Mr. Meade-Waldo was born in January, 1884, and after being educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford, he visited the East, including the Federated Malay States and Borneo. In 1909 he was appointed to the Entomological Department of the British Museum, Natural History, where at the time of his death he had charge of the Hymenoptera. In this group he had already carried out valuable and much-needed work, and _ his death will be a severe loss not only to British entomology, but to a still wider body of entomologists who were following his promising career with great expectations. C. Gorpon Hewitt. a CANE ENE VOr. Ne Ville PEATE LxXe oe % . VV NYMPHS OF ENALLAGMA CYATHIGERUM AND Es -CALVERIE (Page 193.) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 197 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. FRESH Woops AND PASTURES NEw. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. ne Just east of the city, overlooking the Lift Lock, stands a high hill, bare of trees. Yet even this naked hog’s back has points of interest; for example, a month ago I discovered that a strange family had established squatter’s rights on the face of it; they had come from the far west, but whether hobo-fashion, bumping it along the railway, cr as stowaways in one of the large grain boats so often seen (by politicians and farmers) plying back and forth on the Trent Valley Canal, I do not know. Their godfather was a Russian, Hieronymus Grindel, and Gray describes them as ‘rarely adventive’’ eastward; rare or not, they have certainly arrived at Peterborough and come to stay: Grindelia squarrosa, the Gum-plant or Tar-weed. But the chief point of interest in this hill just now is the extensive view it affords of Peterborough’s environs. It was from its summit as a vantage ground that I first spied a long stretch of thickly wooded country, about a mile south of the Lift Leck and running east as far as\ the eye could see. The nearest point in this line of forest is Burnham’s wocd. My first expedition to this discovered a number of newly- felled pines cn a side-road near the Burnham farmhouse and orchard. These were visited two or three times in June, and be- sides the cemmcn Mcnchammi, Clerids and Buprestids of the white pine, { captured seven specimens of Acanthocinus obsoletus, a light grey beetle with extremely long antenne; it is very fond of resting on the under side of the trunk of pine trees in their first season of decay. I once captured nearly a score of these in the first half of June on a single pine, that in falling had lodged in the crotch of a neighbcuring tree. I took also five specimens of a Neoclytus, which | think is longipes: head, thorax and body black, with three grayish-white lines cf pubescence on each elytron; viz., a vertical crescent at the base, an oblique median line, and a trans- verse wavy line near the apex. I have taken it before on white pine, and have never found it on any cther tree; the kindred species, erythrocephalus, reddish-brown in colour with yellow marks June, 1916 i 198 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST on the elytra, prefers hardwoods, especially oak, hawthorn and maple. Towards the end of June I captured on the same pine trunks a specimen of Leptostylus sex-guttatus (commixtus). Rather nearer the wood was a swamp of willow and alder, and early in June, while testing out the local distribution of Chryso- mela, | spied the graceful outline of a longicorn’s antenna projecting over the edge of an alder leaf just above my head. The sun was near the zenith, and I could see through the leaf the oblong shadow of the insect’s body. By mounting on.a large overturned pine stump I could just reach up to the leaf and carefully closed my finger and thumb over the quarry. I then broke off the leaf with my free hand and succeeded in transferring my capture to the cyanide bottle. Tomy surprise this proved to be a pair of longicorns —the male barely a third the size of the female. I had never seen the beetle before. It was Batyle ignicollis, but, so far, | have been able to learn nothing of its life-history. The wood itself was a somewhat low-lying hardwood with hemlock intermingled; a couple of paths ran through it that had been used in the spring at the gathering of maple sap. Near one of these paths were some stumps and also a large fallen tree of basswood. The first find I made was in fresh fungus on one of the stumps. Here i captured fully a score of a certain staphylinid: apparently all in the same colony, yet (according te cabinet methods) there were specimens here of five or six species. I am glad to see that Blatchley is suspicious of this unnatural system of classi- fication. If there is any value in field observation, his suspicions are more than justified. The beetle was Oxyporus, and my speci- mens showed every sort of gradation from black to yellow, an- swering to three or four of Blatchley’s specific descriptions, and probably several others not given in Blatchley. Half of them, no doubt, simply varietal and based on a single capture. About the sheaf of leaves sprouting round the stump I took one or two specimens of Saperda vestita, and, on the trunk of the fallen basswood in the first week of June a treat was in store for me that I had not had for seven years or more, immense numbers of the basswood Saperda emerging from the bark or ovipositing — on the trunk. There is a certain season, early in June, and no other (in my experience) when this sight is possible. Two or three ere | THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 199 days later, and this tree showed hardly one insect for every score at the earlier date. It was quite early in June, too, that I found, resting on the underside of a limb of the tree, very hard to discern in the shadow, a fairly large grey beetle; about the size of Urographis fasciatus, but abundantly distinct (when the two are set side by side); moreover, what to me seemed more important than all, frequenting basswood. Often as I have found Urographis—sometimes in con- siderable numbers—it has always been on oak, maple, or some other tree with exceedingly hard and close-fitting bark. So I set representatives of six or seven related genera, including the true Urographis, alongside of my stranger. The elytra of this latter were rounded at the tip, the hind tarsi all small, and the scape of the antenne short and bulging; it was most like Acanthoderes, or Acanthocinus. These, unfortunately, were at opposite ends of the Tribe Acanthoderini; the subdivision of genera in the tribe is based on the shape of the antennal scapes. In my beetle these were strongly clavate. Apparently, then, it was Acanthoderes; but that genus proved to have dorsal tubercles. My beetle had three shining black spaces on the disk of the thorax, corresponding in size and position to such tubercles, but not in the least gibbous. I then went a step further back to the tribal distinction (between Acanthoderini and Pogonocherini); this depends on the shape of the front coxal cavities. With some misgiving, I immersed one of my three specimens of the beetle in hot water—a baptism which fortunately did no damage. As soon as the joints were relaxed and the surface dry, I went on with my scrutiny. The coxal cavities were distinctly angulated. I turned to the Tribe Pogonocherini, and had the joy of identifying beyond a shadow of doubt, even to the species, and that from LeConte and Horn’s masterpiece of generic classification; Hoplosia nubila: a beetle sui generis, so that the description in the key was no less than a detailed etching of the very object before me. The description tallied in every stroke, and to cap it all I found the following notes: In LeConte & Horn— “‘the genera of this tribe are dispersed by Lacordaire among three groups; the genera have a characteristic habitus, with the exception of Hoplosia, which resembles a Graphisurus, but with the antenne of Acanthoderes; and in Blatchley—‘‘ Hoplosia nubila is said to breed in dry twigs of beech and LINDEN.” 200 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST On a second visit to this tree in the first half of June I had the gcod luck to capture a second specimen, and this year at the same date on a similar log in a wood farther east I captured a third. : At the end of June, some miles west of Peterborough, on a torn limb of basswood (in which the sap was probably fermenting) I took a specimen of Leptostylus macula, and out of curiosity revisited the tree in Burnham’s wood. Here on one of the upper branches I found—apparently waiting for me—its duplicate. In this same month of June, while following a path through the wood, I caught sight of a very beautiful chrysalis fastened to the underside of a leaflet of butternut. It was short and broad, white with black markings; it appeared to be thick through and ornamented with ridges or prominences on the face of it; visions of a brand new chrysomelid floated before me. Unfortunately the leaf of butternut was firmly attached to a stem 12 or 14 feet up the tree. As I circled round the base of it, with my eye glued on the chrysalis, no doubt I made a good picture for an up-to-date version of AXsop’s fables—The Fox and the Grapes. Well, there was no help for it! If I wanted that chrysalis, I’d got to climb. The revival of a long disused habit—like that of climbing trees— sometimes recalls interesting memories. It is said that the late Prof. Bain, of Aberdeen, soon after the publication of Darwin's ““Descent of Man,’ was found crawling about his study floor in the hope of recovering some of the long-lost sensations of primitive man before he assumed the erect habit. Who knows but that I might, on the same atavistic principle, retrieve some arboreal memory from quadrumanous ancestors as they swung nimbly down the forest aisles. Here goes, anyway! and I approached the tree. Somehow it didn’t look so simple as speeling up the drying- green posts at the age of ten; for one thing, it seemed hard to get close enough to the tree to embrace it; but, as soon as I laid my cheek to the bark and threw my arms about the stem, my shins and feet seemed to correlate instinctively, and up I swarmed. Nor was it so much force of gravity that stopped me half way up, as the ludicrous thought of a new chapter in Dickens, adding yet another to the long list of undignified attitudes involuntarily struck by the immortal Samuel Pickwick. Assuredly if anyone THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 201 caught me before I caught that chrysalis, I should be haled off to the nearest lunatic asylum. The thought of the chrysalis spurred me up the few feet remaining, and when | did slide down to the ground, it was not empty-handed. The discovery of three more of these pupa, not many yards further on and within easy reach, was a trifle disconcerting; but if (I reflected) this did eventually prove a new beetle, four specimens were none too many. Little did I know then that hundreds of this creature—a regular colony —were hiding in the bushes just round the corner, chuckling up their sleeves, probably, at the amazing spectacle of Pickwick heaving his bulk up a butternut tree. Its very name, when I came to discover it, seemed a piece of mocking irony—Anatis, the Innocent. I followed the path along to the north end of the wood, through a belt of cedars, to look at a fine colony of Adders’ Tongue Fern, and then turned west. After skirting the edge of the wood for a space, the path presently dipped in again among the trees. Here and there I passed a glade grown up with Early Elder, and suddenly was arrested by a gleam of bright prussian blue and yellow among the leaves. This contrasted colour-scheme characterizes one of the moths as well as a Lampyrid beetle; and more than once I had been disappointed in this way, when I fancied myself stalking and about to bag the famous Elder-borer (Desmocerus palliatus). But to-day must have been my lucky day, or some of the Little People had admired my efforts at tree climbing and were determined to reward me as only fairies can. It was no changeling grass-moth or fire-fly this time, but the genuine Knotty Cloak. On the same shrub I found a pair of these borers a moment later, and in the little glade, among the thickets of Elder, [ captured seven speci- mens of this beautiful beetle in about an hour—always on the under side of the foliage or crawling on the stem. I don’t think I looked for any thing else all the afternoon than the Early Elder, and i returned home with fifteen of the beetles. Once I knew -where and when to look for the Elder-borer, it became a common capture. That season I took over seventy, between June 20 and » July 25, nearly always on Early Elder growing in woodland glades, and generally on the foliage. It is not so frequent a borer in the Late Elder, and [ have never found it on the flower-clusters of that plant, which blossoms at the end of Junc. 202 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST APHIDIDA! FOUND ON THE APPLE IN BRITAIN . AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM AFRICA. BY FRED. V. THEOBALD, M.A. (Continued from page 177.) Aphis kochii Schonteden (nov. nom.). Aphis pyri Koch (non Boyer de Fonscolombe). Aphis sorbi Walker, Sanderson, etc. (non Kaltenbach). Aphis mali Buckton (part) (non Fabricius). Aphis pyri-mali Fabricius (part). Aphis malifolie Fitch* (and Thomas). Myzus mali Ferrari (part). Aphis pyri Gillette and Taylor (non Boyer).t Koch, Die Pflanzen, p. 60, pl. X, figs. 76, 77, 1857. Fabricius, Syst. Ent., 1V, p. 216, 29 (part), 1774. Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Se. 2, V, p. 276, 1849. Fitch, lst Rept. Nox. and Ben. Ins. N. Y., p. 56, 1856. Gehin. Metz., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat., IX, pp. 269-272, 1860. Ferrari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, II, 221, 16, 1872. Buckton, Mono. Brit. Aph., IJ, pl. 4, figs. 1, 3, 4, and pl. LXIX, 1879. Thomas, 8th Rept. St. Ent. Illinois, p. 86, 1879. Taschenherg, Prakt. Ins. Kunde, V, p. 55, 1880. Martel, Elbeuf. Bull. Soc. étud. sci. nat., 14, p. 5, 1894. Focken, Rev. Bio!. Nord. France, Lille, II, p. 487, 1890. Bezzi, Rovereto Atti. Accad. sci. lett. ar. (3), 5, p. 27), No. 73, 1899. Britton, Rep. Conn. Agri. Exp. Sta., III, p. 321, 1900. Lugger, Bull. 69, Minn. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 195, pl. XII, figs. 1, 2, 3,1900. Sanderson, Trans. Penn. Hort. Soc., II, p. 46, 1901 and 12th Rept. Del. Agri. Coll. Exp. Sta., p. 189, fig. 10, a and b, 1901. Leonidi, Gli Insetti Nocivi., IV, p. 226, 1901. Sanderson, Rept. Del. Agri. Coll. Exp. Sta., pp. 149-156, figs. 22-25, 19. Tavares, Broteria, IV, p. 48, 1905. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool., 1905, pp. 28-30, figs. 18, 14, 1905. Schonteden, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg., XII, p. 221, No. 30, 1906. Theobald, Ins. and Allied Pests Fruit, p. 136, figs. 105, 109, 110, 1903. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool., 1910, p. 35, 1911. Gillette and Taylor, Bull. 133, Colo. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 31, 1908. Patch, Bull. 233, Maine Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 267, 1914. Note.—Joshua Major, in his “‘ Treatise of the Insects Most Prevalent on Fruit Trees, Etc.’’ (p. 10, 1829) mentions Apple Aphides of various kinds, and evidently refers to this species, and not to A. avene, as has been suggested. *Oestlund (Aphid. Minn. p. 64, 1877) thinks this a variety of mali but his malt is certainly avene. +Gillette and Taylor called this pyri after Koch’s description, but Boyer’s is antedates Koch’s. June, 1916 ee r THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 203 DESCRIPTION. Alate viviparous female (spring form). Head black. Thorax shiny black. Abdomen dull reddish of various shades at the base, sometimes yellowish red, with four black lateral spots and a black area on the posterior region, with 2-4 lateral tubercles before the cornicles. Antenne black, not quite as long or nearly as long as the body; first segment longer than the 2nd; the 3rd with many sensoria over its whole length (47-60); the 4th scarcely longer than the 5th, with many sensoria over its whole length (27-35); the 5th with 3-0 sensoria on the basal 34 and the usual sub-apical one; the 6th a little longer than the 3rd; the last three segments imbricated. Cornicles black, cylin- drical, moderately long, imbricated. Cauda small, dusky. On the 7th and 8th abdominal segments are two pairs of dorsal tu- bercles. Legs with yellowish-brown trochanters; bases of femora and tibie pale, apices of the same dark. Wings with brownish veins and paler insertions; venation often very variable. Length—2 to 2.5 mm.; wing expanse, 7-8 mm. Sanderson says ‘‘abdomen yellowish-red,”’ and figures it with only four pairs of dark lateral spots. All European specimens have a large dark abdominal area, as in the return migrant. Alate viviparous female (return migrant). Head and thorax black. Abdomen reddish, with a large dark dorsal area of various extent, often extending from close to the thorax up to the cornicles,* at others time quite small; black transverse bars caudad of the cornicles, and three large black lateral spots before the cornicles and traces, more or less distinct, ‘of one caudad of them. Antenne black and similar to the spring form. Legs and cornicles the same as the spring form. No trace of the four tubercles on segments 7 and 8 of the abdomen, according to Sanderson; but I have found them in all British specimens I have examined. Rostrum reaches to the second pair of legs. Cauda dark, small. A pterous viviparous female. Colour varying from slaty-grey to bluish black, plum colour, brown, brick-dust red, pink, rosy and almost black. The young *Now and then almost black specimens occur. 204 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST may be yellowish pink, some bright pink, to brick-dust red; others almost green, or yellowish green. A few mottled or darkened at the sides. The mature female is usually a slaty-grey or dull bluish black covered with much whitish meal; form globular. The pronotum has two blackish tubercles. The abdomen with 5-6 (usually 6) pairs of lateral tubercles; segments 7 and 8 each with two sub-median dorsal tubercles or dark plates. An- tenne as long or slightly shorter than the body, especially in the early broods; Ist segment wider and a little longer than the 2nd; the 3rd the longest in the early broods, about as long as the 6th in the later broods; 4th longer than the 5th; 3rd to 6th markedly imbricated. Cornicles black, rather long, somewhat tapering towards the apex; in others almost cyndrical; imbricated; in certain stages they may be somewhat paler at the base. The 7th and &th seg- ments of the abdomen show, in some specimens, a darker plate which bears the papilla. Legs pale grey to pale brownish green, apical half of meso- and meta-femora black, also the tibial tips and the tarsi. Antenne dark brown, almost white at the base. Proboscis reaching to the 2nd pair of legs. Cauda small, dark. Length—2 to 2.2 mm. Nymph—Pink, reddish yellow or salmon colour, with fine white mealy covering. Eyes reddish black. Apex of cornicles and wing pads dark. Base of antenne and legs paler. Oviparous female. Apterous, yellow, or lemon-yellow, to greyish or dull greenish yellow; head darkened. Antenne nearly as long as the body; Ist segment longer and broader than the 2nd; 3rd longer than the 4th, not quite as long as the 6th; 4th a little longer than 5th, about half the 3rd; 6th a little longer than 4th and 5th; its basal area about half as long as the 5th; yellowish to pale greenish; the 5th and 6th segments smoky, markedly imbricated; sensorium on 5 and 6 normal. Eyes large. Cornicles straight, cylindrical, about as long, but thicker than the 4th antennal segment, pale yellowish to dusky yellow, except tor the very dusky tip, imbricated and with cne or two marked apical stria. Fore and mid legs yellow or yellowish green, except the tarsi, which are dusky and the tips of femora and tibe; hind legs with broadened tibia, dusky, except at the base, with 45-50 sensoria over the whole surface; tarsi dark. a THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 205 Proboscis yellow, brown at the tip, reaching to about the 3rd coxe. Cauda small, pale, blunt, with two pairs of lateral hairs. On the body is a small lateral papilla between the mid and hind legs on each side. Lengih—.8 to 1 mm. Male—Alate. Head and thorax dark, somewhat shiny. Abdo- men small, dark in centre, with dark lateral spots, and dull reddish in places. Cauda and anal plate dark. Penis pale yellowish. An- tenne a little longer than body, deep blackish brown; Ist segment larger than 2nd; 3rd long, as long or longer than the 6th, with 45-50 sensoria; 4th longer than 5th, with 18-22 sensoria; 5th with 7-10 sensoria; 6th with flagellum about six times as long as the basal area, which is about one-third of the 5th. Eyes very large, dark. Proboscis rather thin and acuminate, reaching to the second legs; last two segments about equal. Cornicles black, cylindrical, rather narrow, imbricated, with some apical striae. Legs with coxe, most of femora, apex of tibia and the tarsi dark brown to black, rest dull yellowish green. Wings with brown veins. Length—1.5 mm. Foop PLANtTs.—All varieties of Apples and Pears, mostly on former in Britain; the Medlar; Walker records it from Crategus oxyacantha, Sorbus ancuparia and Sorbus domesticus; Passerini on Sorbus torminalis. These latter records, I expect, all refer to the true Aphis sorbt. ; DIsTRIBUTION.—AIll over Britain, but especially in the Mid- lands, east, south and west; most parts of Europe, North America, Africa, and apparently in Australia. LIFE-HISTORY IN BRITAIN. This species hatches out in April, any time between the second week and the end of the month. It at first lives freely on the tops of the bursting buds and then enters them. As the buds open out, it continues to live freely on the young leaves and on the young and tender growth generally. To some extent the young foliage may shelter it. As the insect matures into the ‘‘ Mother Queen,” the leaf may either curl up and partially enclose her, or she may re- main exposed beneath the leaf. This ‘‘mother-queen”’ soon pro- duces living young, and often with great rapidity; and these, as 206 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST they grow, cause the leaf to curl right up and enclose them—the curled leaf frequently becoming a living mass of aptere. By their constant sucking the foliage becomes more and more contorted, and eventually, both from the sucking of the insects and their excrement, which seems to have a scorching effect, the leaves turn brown, and may or may not fall off. Not only does this aphis feed on the leaves at the top of the shoots, but also on the shoots, and the result is contorted and stunted growth. The internodes are shortened, and consequently a very ‘‘stubby’’ appearance is produced, especially in young stock. The first alata I have found occurred on June 13th, 1899, and | have found them onwards until 29th of July, in 1914. Al- though these Plant Lice become alate in masses, a few always occur some time before the main swarm, and others later. The winged females are very sluggish, and, like those of Aphis rumicts, collect. together in masses, usually choosing the underside of a fairly large branch of the tree near its junction with the trunk. Many of these groups of alata were noticed in 1915 to die off and remain attached to the branches. This winged summer generation flies off in July, but where to I have been unable to trace. It dies out on the apple and pear from mid-July. In the beginning of September a few return migrants may appear, but the majority in October. These produce the sexual generation of apterous oviparous females and alate males. The sexupare may occur on into mid-November, and I have several times found the oviparous females in the first week in December. The females and males occur under the leaves, and, when fertilized, the females crawl to the shoots and lay their eggs either singly or in small groups; never in dense masses as is done by Aphis pomi. Many of the oviparous females fall to the ground with the ripe leaves before they have oviposited. These may lay their ova on the leaves as they lie upon the ground. The ova are at first yellowish, but soon become the normal shiny black. I have vainly tried to trace this species to other plants this last six years. Weeds and their roots have been searched, to no avail. Recently, W. R. Ross writes me that he has found sorbi of the apple on the roots of Plantago in summer in Canada. In one or two localities I have noticed that the attack of this THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 207 Trig. 4.—Bodies of Apple Aphides. A, A phis kochit Schonteden (spring migrant). B,A. kochii Sch. (autumn migrant). C, Stphocoryne avene Fabr. D, Aphis pomi De G. E, A. cratzgi Kaltenb. I, A. kochtz (sorbt ot Sanderson) spring migrant (after Sanderson). Fig. 5.—-Antenne of alate viviparous female Apple Aphides. A, A bhis kochti Schonteden, 13, V, '12 (spring migrant). B, A. Kochit Sch., 5, 1X, ’'12 (return migrart). C, A..pomi De G., 17, VIII, '12. D, A. crategi Kaltenb. E, Siphocoryne avenx Fabr., 14, X, 15 (spring migrant). FF, S. avenx Fabr., : 7, 1X, 715 (return migrant). 208 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST aphis is very marked, for the leaves become deformed in a blister- like manner, the damaged areas being coloured a rosy or pallid yellow tint. This appearance, to some extent, resembles that caused by Aphis crategi Kalt. I first noticed this in the Marden area in Kent in 1907, and in recent years in my own garden on an old Cyder Apple. Ants were found carrying the aphides down this large tree to some espaliers below, viz., Lord Suffield, Peas- good, Bramley Seedling and Cox’s, but the effect caused by the aphides on them was quite normal. This shows that under certain conditions and on certain varieties the effect of this aphis varies. Walker records A. sorbi as appearing in thick clusters on Sorbus domesticus near London in 1847, giving the leaves autumnal red and yellow tints; this record again may refer to true sorbi. In some years in Britain Aphis kochit does enormous harm—perhaps 1915 has been the worst year of all. Many orchards were quite ruined by it, the foliage scorched, and in very many the fruit badly deformed by the punctures of the aphides, and consequently of no commercial value. In one plantation visited, which had been banded with Tanglefoot, but not sprayed, the insects swarmed all over the trunks and the bands were completely covered with thick layers of them. Some were found crawling up, others down the trees, all being aptere or nymphe. On July 4th this wandering ceased, and the majority commenced to become winged, many of the alate died on the trees, many others flew away. Variation in colour.—I know of no aphid which varies so much in colour in the apterous stage. In one district they may all be slaty-grey, in another all bluish black, and locally called the ‘‘ Blue Bug,”’ in others most are plum cclour or brown, but all have a small sprinkling of pale reddish or pink forms with them and called the Rosy Aphis; now and again this alone occurs. In some cases I have found colonies a dull brown, very similar to Koch's figure of his A phis pyri. NATURAL ENEMIES IN BRITAIN. Towards the end of June a few Coccinellide, many Syrphid larve and now and then a Chrysopid larva may be found feeding on this insect. By the first week in July they become more abundant, and by the second week, as a rule, these ‘‘ natural checks”’ seem to have obtained the ascendency over the ‘‘ Dolphins.” THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 209 $ A ae a eee G: a Fig. 6.—Antenne of apterous viviparous female Apple Aphides. A, Aphis kochit Schonteden. B, A. sorbi Kaltenb. C, A. pomi De G._ D, A. crategi Kaltenb. E, A. oxyacanthe (=nigra nov. nom.) Koch. F and G, Siphocoryne avene Fabr., Ist and 2nd series. lig 7.—Males of Apple Aphides. A, Male Aphis pomi; a, cornicle. B, Male A. kochii; b, cornicle. C, Male Siphocoryne avenx; c, cernicle. 210 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST By this time, however, all the damage has been done. Very few seem to be struck by Chalcid parasites, but I have bred one species on two occasions. The chief enemies are the Adalia bipunctata and Coccinella septem-punctata. The chief syrphids I have bred have been Syrphus ribesii and Catabomba pyrasiri, but I have found several other larve feeding on them, including Syrphus grossularie. Spraying has little or no effect on this pest when once the leaves are curled. Nicotine-soft soap wash is the only one that shows any appreciable effect, and growers retain their nicotine for this purpose, but it is not nearly effectual enough to clean the trees, as so many lice are not hit owing to the dense leaf curling. Early spraying with nicotine and soap has, however, in many cases checked the damage. The best results I have seen have been with late lime spraying, just before the blossom opens. In small planta- tions and gardens stripping the curled leaves on bush trees has produced excellent results, and also autumnal spraying to kill the sexuales. Aphis cratzgi Kaltenbach (non Buckton). Kaltenbach, Mono. Pflanz., p. 66, 1845. Tullgren, Upp. Prak. Ent. XVII, pp. 59 and 76, 1907. Theobald, Entomologist XLIV, p. 403, 1911. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool., 1911, p. 34, 1912. Theobald, Entomologist XLVIII, No. 630, p. 259, 5, 1915. Alate viviparous female. Black and shiny, with a mealy snow-white band on the base of the abdomen, which varies from a narrow line to a broad band covering the first four segments, but usually only the. first two; this band has a white meal orbit above and beneath. The colour to some extent varies; it may be pale yellowish white, pure white or pale pink, more rarely with an indistinct whitish green hue, and on this pale area area few paired dusky marks or spots; five pairs of lateral © black papillae before the cornicles. The posterior of the abdomen may be a pale colour, with narrow transverse dark bars, and there are two sub-median papilla behind; venter pinkish to pinkish white, and also to some extent mealy. Antenne shorter than the body, black; the 3rd segment with 64-70 sensoria; 4th with 25 to 30 sensoria; 3rd thick and longer than the 4th; 4th about as long as the 5th. Eyes dark brown. Proboscis yellowish, apex black, reach- THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST alge ing nearly to or quite to the 3rd coxe. Cornicles rather short, black to deep brown; imbricated, cylindrical, or slightly expanding at the base, a few constricted at the apex and base. Cauda black or brown, blunt, with two pairs of lateral hairs. Legs black, except the base of the femora, which are yellowish. Base of wings yellow- ish; stigma and veins greyish brown to brown. Length—1.8 to 2 mm. A pterous viviparous female. Deep greyish green to almost black, with much mealy covering, and, when denuded of this, the insect is somewhat shiny. Antennae Fig. 8.—Oviparous females of Apple Aphides. A, Aphis pomi: a, hind tibia. B, A. koch##; b, hind tibia. C, Siphocoryne avene; c, hind tibia. shorter than the body, base paler than the rest, composed in all the specimens I have seen of 5 segments only; the 3rd very long; the 4th less than half its length; the 5th with a short flagellum. Eyes deep brown to black. Proboscis greenish, apical half almost black, reaching to the second pair of legs. Venter deep greenish. Cauda black to brown. Cornicles short, black; in some the base is reddish yellow. Legs black. Length—2 mm. Nymph.—Two forms occur, one pale to deep green, mealy, 212 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST with dark legs and cornicles; the other fawn coloured and mealy, with dark wing-pads and eyes. Legs and cornicles dusky. DISTRIBUTION.—Windermere, Cumberland, 23, V, 14 (Rymer Roberts). Marden, V, 07, and Wye, Kent, V, 10 (Theobald). Haddenham, Cambs, VI, 05 (Theobald), and Mortimer, Berks, V and VI, 11 (Lake). Foop PLANTs—Pyrus malus, Pyrus communis and Crategus oxyacantha, etc. OBSERVATIONS.—Described by Kaltenbach from Apple, Pear and Hawthorn. I have found it and received it from apple in England and often on hawthorn in Kent. It produces a very marked appearance, causing the leaves to become blistered. The blisters assume a rosy red to deep red hue; when on apple, yellow and red. The leaves curl downwards, and under those galled areas the insects live and reproduce. Sometimes the mid-rib region is galled; at others almost any part may be deformed; this is es- pecially so on the hawthorn. It does not appear to be a commonly distributed species, anyway in the south and midlands. It was sent me from Mortimer in 1911, where Mr. Lake found it in abund- ance on Lane’s Prince Albert apple. It is a very marked species, easily distinguished when alate by the white basal abdominal band when alive, and by this area being pale when the mealy covering is removed. |The aptera, in certain lights, appear quite black; in others a distinct grey-green, with dark legs, antenne and a mealy coat. They are also flatter than the other dark species found on the apple (nigra, rumicis, etc.). Schonteden (Mem. Soc. Ent. Belg., XII, p. 226) places this species as a synonym of Boyer de Fonscolombe’s Aphis pyri, which I cannot help thinking is incorrect. Fonscolombe expressly states that the abdomen of the alate female is ‘‘Verdatre, avec une bande brune un peu confuse de cheque cété; quelquefois presque tout brun; les tubercules lateraux sont verdatres.’’ The sexupare are not known. Alatz hatched from May 22nd to May 30th; they were very active. It is not known to what tree or plant they migrate. It is usually seen late in May and June, and continues to July. Buckton describes quite a distinct Aphis as Kaltenbach’s A phis crategi, the apterous female being bright green and slightly mealy, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 213 the alate female with bright green abdomen. I have already re- named Buckton’s species crategiella (Entomologist, XLIV, p. 4, 13, 1911). Passerini also describes an Aphis crategi which is distinct, for he says it has ‘‘rusty red spots at the base of the cornicles.”’ Koch places Kaltenbach’s crategi as a synonym of Fons- colombe’s A phis pyri, but, as shown here, Koch’s species is distinct. (To be continued). THEODORE PERGANDE. News of the death of Theodore Pergande, which occurred on March 23, 1916, came as a shock to Canadian entomologists who have had the pleasure of meeting him and discussing questions relating to insect life. For a number of years, as we all know, his life had not been a very active one. During my last short stay in Washington I was unable to see Mr. Pergande, but I well remember my first visit to the Bureau of Entomology in 1901, when I frequently had the pleasure of meeting him and discussing matters of mutual interest. His liking for my late friend and associate, James Fletcher, was indeed genuine, and this un- doubtedly opened the way for a more than passing interest in my visit. From the Monthly Letter of the Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture, for March, 1916, we learn that Pergande was born in Germany on December 28, 1840. He came to the United States at the time of the Civil War, and before very long entered the Northern army, serving throughout the war. Afterwards he secured a position as assistant to Prof. C. V. Riley, who at that time was State Entomologist to Missouri. When Riley was appointed Entomologist of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in 1878, he took Pergande with him to Washington; and the latter for many years had direct charge of the rearing work, kept the notes, and made the great majority of the biological investigations upon which the entomological publications of the Department were based. Important results of his studies have been published as bulletins from the Bureau at Washington. His 214 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST publications, especially on the Aphididae, are well known. ‘‘The Life-history of Two Species of Plant-lice inhabiting both the Witch-hazel and Birch,”’ issued as Technical Bulletin No. 9, is a remarkable contribution, and one which took nearly twenty-two years of patient labour to complete. Two other important publica- tions are ‘‘The Life-history of the Alder Blight Aphis,’ issued as Technical Bulletin No. 24, and the “‘ North American Phylloxerine Affecting Hicoria (Carya) and other Trees.’ This latter, published in Volume IX of the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Sciences, comprises pp. 185 to 273, accompanied by 21 plates. It is, indeed, a valuable contribution. The Entomological Society of Ontario occasionally received from Mr. Pergande short articles for publication in this journal. The death of Mr. Pergande, who was the oldest assistant, in continuous service, in the Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C., took place after a brief illness of less than two weeks. The work he accomplished during his long engagement in the service of the United States Government will long be appreciated. We, in Canada, were indeed sorry to leatn of his demise. ARTHUR GIBSON. NOTES AND QUERIES. INHABITANTS ON AN APRIL Mupb PUDDLE. On the afternoon of April first determined tostart out on the initial 1916 collecting trip in spite of the ice on the pond nearby and the still lingering snowdrifts in the woods. Wading along in the open water, at the edge of the pond, I started out a few Peltodytes (Cnemidotus) and Hydroporus, and discovered a couple of Matus bicarinatus on the under side of a board. Passing on up the hill, after investigating a shallow pool at the foot without success, through the oak scrub to an abandoned gravel pit, I came upon a small puddle of water about two inches deep and six feet square. After stirring this up and taking a few” Hydrobius fuscipes and one Hydroporus tristis, 1 proceeded to tread the few inches of soft earth into a mass of mud and water, with the following surprising results, which came floating to the THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 215 surface of the mixture: One Tachys levus Say, seven Tachys granarius Dej., one Amara cupreolata Putz., two Agonoderus testaceus Dej., many Stenolophus conjunctus Say, several Helophorus lineatus Say, one Ilybius biguttalus Germ., one Phelister subrotundus Say, three Cytilus (sericeus) alternatus Say, two Heterocerus brunneus Melsh., one Atenius imbricatus Melsh. (my first record for this), four Aphonus castaneus Melsh., two Graphops curtipennis Melsh., one Graphops marcassita Cr., twelve Dyschirius sp., seven Aleo- charineé sp., one Aleocharine sp., two Stenus sp., two other Staphy- linide sp., two species of ants, several spiders, two plush-covered caterpillars, two larvae, one chrysalis, and one small Dipteron that appeared at home on the surface of the water. The only vegetation here was some moss or lichens and a few spears of grass. Several much more favourable looking places failed to yield a single specimen other than Hydrobius fuscipes. The catch numbered 60 odd specimens of 21 species representing 19 genera and 9 families of the Coleoptera alone. C. A. Frost, Framingham, Mass. APHIDS ON CALIFORNIA PRIVET IN NEW JERSEY. As a rule, California privet (Ligustrum ovalifolium) enjoys unusual freedom from insect attacks in New Jersey, even though it becomes infested with Aleyrodes citri Riley & Howard in the southern states and the San José scale in California. In New Jersey white grubs (Lachnosterna sp.) have been found injuring the roots, and occasionally a stray San José scale is discovered, but on July 15, 1915, a privet hedge in Jersey City was found to be infested by plant lice. The upper surfaces of the leaves were characteristically discoloured, some being quite yellow and the foliage of the infested plants had a peculiar limp appearance instead of being twisted and curled. Specimens were sent to Prof. C. P. Gillette and deter- mined by Mr. L. C. Bragg as Rhopalosiphum ligustri Kalt. They also stated that they believed this to be the first record of the occurrence of this species in the United States. Harry B. WEIss, New Brunswick, N. J. 216 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST ODONATA AND EPHEMERID£. Contributions to Canadian Biology, being studies from the Bio- logical Stations of Canada, 1911-1914, Fasciculus II—Fresh Water Fish and Lake Biology. Supplement to the 47th Annual Report of the Department of Marine and Fisheries; Fisheries Branch. Ottawa, 1915. In this ‘‘Blue book,”’ issued by the Dominion Government, there is a series of thirteen important papers dealing with the aquatic fauna and flora of the eastern coast of the Georgian Bay in Ontario. They are published in this way in order to extend the knowledge respecting the available food for fishes in these waters, their parasitic enemies and other matters of biologic interest. Three papers deal with aquatic insects. The first is by Dr. E. M. Walker on ‘‘The Odonata of the vicinity of Go Home Bay,” in which he records his observations on the Dragon and Damsel flies to be found in the neighbourhood of the Biological Station, with descriptive notes on more than sixty species. The article is illustrated with two plates of structural details, five views of the characteristic scenery, and a plan showing the seasonal distribution of the species—the whole forming a most valuable contribution to the knowledge of the life-histories of these attrac- tive insects. The other papers of an entomological character are by Mr. W. A. Clemens of the Univeristy of Toronto, and are entitled, “Rearing Experiments and Ecology of Georgian Bay.Ephemeridz”’ and ‘‘Life-histories of Georgian Bay Ephemeridz: observations on Heptagenia and breeding experiments.’’ In the former paper twenty species are referred to and many of them described; and in the latter, which deals only with a single but largely represented genus of May-flies, there is given a key to the imagos and descrip- tions of the nymphs and their life-histories. Six plates of nymphs and details of structure add much to the value of the papers. These insects, which are often to be found in enormous numbers, supply a very important part of the food of many fishes. CFS Mailed June 9, 1916. Che Fanadiay Entomologist, Moree BE: LONDON, JULY, 1916 No. “I POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. A KEeEw DAys IN NEWFOUNDLAND. BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. In the summer of 1914 I had the opportunity of spending a few days in Newfoundland, which I had long wished to do, for I had heard enough about its beauty and the peculiarities of its fauna and flora to arouse within me a strong desire to see some of these things for myself. Unfortunately I had but five days to spend on the island and two of these were cold and wet, so that the chiei result of my trip was a greatly increased desire to go there again. My main object was to collect and observe the dragonflies, particularly of the genus Somatochlora, the species of which are nearly all inhabitants of the far north, and are consequently less known than those of any other North American genus of the order Odonata. A collection of dragonflies made by Dr. D. A. Atkinson at the Bay of Islands and Grand Lake, Nfd., and re- corded by Mr. E. B. Williamson (Ent. News, XVII, 1906, pp. 133-139) was so rich in species of this genus that I had little doubt that I could obtain a good series of them even in a few days. So I planned to go at once to the Bay of Islands and spend there the few days that I had at my disposal. Leaving North Sydney on the night of June 24th, I arrived at five o’clock on the following morning at Port aux Basques on the southwestern corner of Newfoundland, and immediately boarded the train which was to take me to my destination, Humber- mouth, on the Bay of Islands, about 120 miles up the west coast. (I might almost have said ‘‘embarked”’ on this train, for the trip was more like a rough sea voyage than a railway journey.) Port aux Basques is a quaint little fishing village, and I longed to spend a day there, but could not afford the time. The low, rounded, treeless hills, enveloped in mist, the stunted vegetation, 218 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and great stretches of moors had a semi-arctic aspect suggestive of the tundra or barren-grounds of the far north, and I have no doubt they would prove of great interest to the entomologist. Though treeless, patches of dwarfed spruce, not more than two or three feet high, occupied the more sheltered slopes, and these became more frequent and of gradually increasing height as the train drew away from the coast. In a very short time groups of stunted, gnarled trees began to appear, most of them so windblown and fantastically shaped as to be scarcely recognizable. They were mostly spruce, tamarack and balsam poplar. I noticed here and elsewhere that the tamarack has apparently never been attacked by the larch saw-fly (Nematus erichsonit), which has probably devastated the entire area oc- cupied by this tree on the continent, and it is to be hoped that Newfoundland, at least, will be spared the ravages of this destruc- tive pest. The greater part of the country through which we passed on the way to the Humbermouth consists of vast swamps and bogs, sometimes densely wooded with black spruce, but in the wetter parts supporting only a scattered growth of stunted trees of this species and of tamarack. Here and there we had glimpses of beau- tiful bog flowers, and at one spot where the train stopped one could have gathered bunches of that magnificent orchid, the Showy Lady’s Slipper (Cypripedium regine), close to the railway track. The vegetation along the railway was in some places extremely rank, cne of the commonest plants being the cow-parsnip (/Tera- cleum lanatum), which, though a tall stout plant with us in Ontario, is far larger in Newfoundland, the usual height being seven or eight feet. It is likewise far more abundant, and, in fact, is regarded there as a troublesome weed. On account of the boggy character of this country, very little of it has been cultivated, although, when properly drained and treated with lime, it produces a fine growth of timothy and other crops. The monotony of these bogs is frequently relieved by hills, magnificent ravines and gorges in which the vegetation is some- ~ times so rank and vigorous as to recall British Columbia. These ‘ ~ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 219 ravines are well timbered with tall white spruce, balsam-fir, yellow and white birch and balsam poplar, with occasional speci- mens of our familiar white pine, and the dense undergrowth, a luxuriant tangle of shrubs, ferns and flowering plants, makes a most alluring sight to an entomologist. In all of these ravines there are clear rushing streams, many of them no doubt teeming with salmon and speckled trout. During the course of the trip I had the usual tantalizing experience of passing innumerable ideal-looking spots for dragon- flies; ponds, pools, and lakes of all sizes, some dark and bog- margined, others shallow and reedy, all of them inviting. Humbermouth, my destination, was reached about 3.30 p.m. and, from a picturesque standpoint, no finer spot could have been selected as the terminus of my trip. The broad Bay of Islands, surrounded by majestic wooded hills and the clear rushing waters of the beautiful Humber, just beyond the village, were thrilling in their peaceful grandeur; but I soon determined from the topo- graphy of the country that this was no place for dragonflies, so on the following day, which was cold and wet, I again took the train southward and got out at Spruce Brook, which I had noted on the way as a promising locality. Spruce Brook is a famous resort for salmon fishing, and the Log-cabin Hotel is one of the most delightful places I have ever visited. In such a remote spot I was not prepared for the modern conveniences which I found there, and the kindly interest and courtesy shown me by the proprietors, Messrs. Whittington and Dodd, were of material assistance in enabling me to make the most of the few days I spent there. The Log-cabin Hotel is situated on the shore of a beautiful lake in abroad valley, flanked by low wooded hills. The land in front of the hotel is largely cleared and partly cultivated, but on all sides there are rich woods, with streams, marshes and ponds within easy reach. The flora is very luxuriant and apparently abundant in species, so that the entomological outlook seemed full of promise. In this, however, I was doomed to disappointment. I lost no time in looking up a promising place for dragonflies. I was directed to a small pond, nearby, with a marshy shore and connected with Spruce Brook itself. The weather was dull and 220 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST wet, and it was getting late, so that I was not discouraged in finding only a few specimens of Canagrion resolutum, a little pale blue damsel-fly, which is widely distributed across Canada and already known from Newfoundland. I also took from the creek a single nymph of a Lestes, apparently unguiculatus, and one of “Eshna umbrosa, neither of which had been previously reported from the island. On the following day | found a small lake, a mere expansion of a trout stream, the upper end of which was bordered by an_ open marsh covered with short sedges and similar marsh plants. It looked favourable, but dragonflies were exceedingly few, C. reso- Jutum being the only species that could be called common. £nal- lagma calverti, another blue damsel-fly of wide distribution in the north, was taken in small numbers, and I also got two specimens of Somatochlora albicincta, the first of the genus which formed the chief objective of my trip. The most interesting find, however, was another little Canagrion, of which I had taken a pair the preceding year at Nipigon, Ont., and which proved to be the Agrion interrogatum of Selys, previously known only by a single imperfect female from Saskatchewan, described in a Belgian journal 40 years ago. (See Can. Ent., XLVII, 1915, pp. 174-181). I searched here for more specimens of this rarity on this and the following day, but succeeded in getting only two more specimens. Along the wood road leading to this lake from the railway a few large dragonfiics of the genus A*shna were occasionally seen, but - they were so few that I considered myself lucky to have captured one of them. It was shna interrupta E. Walk., another species of transcontinental range. This lumber road was a good generel collecting ground, but collecting was difficult owing to the swarms of black flies (Simulium venusium ? ), ‘‘punkies’’ or sand-flies (Culicoides sp.) mosquitoes and deer-flies (Chryscps). I collected a few of the latter which were kindly determined for me by Mr. M. C. Van Duzee, and I was surprised to learn that five species. were represented among them,-viz, C. merens Wlk., C. frigidus O. S.,_C. celer, O. S., C. excitans Wlk., and-C. mitis O.S. The only other Takanid I noticed was the common Jabanus affinis, cf which I tcok but cne specimen. Cn the afternoen of my third day at Spruce Brook I determined THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 22: to visit a certain marsh at the far end of a lake about half a mile long, which lies between densely wooded hills not far from the hotel. In order to reach it I had to struggle through a dense black spruce swamp extending the entire length of the lake. Now a black spruce swamp Is always enticing to me, but on this occasion I had had enough of it by the time I reached the marsh, without the return trip, and the worst of it was that when I did arrive there no dragon-flies were to be seen, except a very few of C. resolutum and -E. calvertt. It was here though, and at the other marsh, that I found the sole representatives of the Order Orthoptera which I came across in Newfoundland. These were a very few young nymphs of Chor- thippus curttpennis Harr., one of the most common and wide- spread of Canadian grasshoppers. The season was certainly very backward, but, in spite of this, one would have expected to find at least the nymphs of the commoner grasshoppers in the fields and clearings. I searched for these in vain, however. Morgan Hebard has recently published a list of six species of Orthoptera from Newfoundland (Ent. News, XXV, p. 306, 1915), two of which (C. curtipennis and Melanoplus fasciatus) were already known to occur there, and my colleague, Dr. A. G. Huntsman, brought me three species from the Bay of Islands, taken in 1915, and all included in Mr. Hebard’s list. Our commonest field grass- hoppers, Melanoplus femur-rubrum and M. atlanis, are unknown in the island, and it is quite probable that they do not occur there. No crickets have been taken and only one long-horned grasshopper or ‘‘stone-cricket,’’ Ceuthophilus terrestris Scudd. The absence of these common and widespread insects is interesting, but it is only part of a general condition characteristic of this island, of which i shall have more to say later. (TO SE CONTINUED). SOME NEW RACES AND SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN LEPIDOPTERA. BY WM. BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, FH.D. | DiURNALS Basilarchia arthemis rubrofasciata, subsp. nov. A series before us of 6-o'’s and 1 9? from Northwestern Canada shows certain constant points which we think warrants July, 1916 222 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST the bestowal of a racial name. In typical arthemis, which we might point out was described from New York (probably vicinity of New York City), the submarginal band on underside of secondaries consists of a series of red spots, separated from the marginal green lunules by a well defined black area; in this new race this sub- marginal area is occupied by a continuous reddish band extending completely up to the green lunules and only separated from the interior white band by a narrow line of black; the basal area is also largely suffused with reddish, making the three red spots near base of wing much less distinct than in the typical form. On the upper side the ground colour is a dead black and the red submarginal spots of secondaries are large and with scarcely a trace of green edging on their inner side. It is this form that is figured by Say from Lake Winnipeg, which is apparently about the eastern limit of the race. Types—One a’, Saskatchewan (Croker); five o’s, Cartwright, Man.; one 2, Calgary, Alta. (Dod) in Coll. Barnes. Junonia coenia nigrosuffusa, subsp. nov. The smoky-black Arizona form of cwnia has been generally and wrongly listed as negra Feld., which was described from speci- mens taken on the Rio Negro in Northwestern Brazil and which is evidently a form of the S. American /avinia Cram., distinguished by its metaHic green shaded secondaries. We propose the above name for the Arizona race, which has in general the maculation of typical cenia, but the whole upper surface suffused with black- brown, rendering the white subapical banding very obscure; the eye spots of the secondaries are often considerably reduced in size as compared with those of the northern cena. Types—Three o's, Palmerlee, Ariz.; two o’s, Babaquivera Mts., Ariz.; one o&, Huachuca Mts., Ariz.; one 2, Arizona, in Coll. Barnes. Brenthis aphirape dawsoni, subsp. nov. Specimens from Hymers, Ont., show several points of difference from Labrador specimens (typical ¢riclaris Hbn.). The upper side has a deeper brown colour, with a strong suffusion of black, es- _ pecially along the outer margin, where the brown lunules are ‘ _— THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 223 almost entirely effaced; the submarginal row of black spots is very large and there is a tendency for these spots to lengthen out and touch the marginal black area; they are preceded by a well defined black suffusion, which is usually very faint in Labrador triclaris. On the underside the median band of secondaries is strongly silvered and stands out prominently against the leathery- brown background, which is slightly deeper in tone than that of Labrador specimens. We take pleasure in naming the race after Mr. Horace Dawson, who by his conscientious collecting has greatly added to our knowledge of the lepidopterous fauna of Northwestern Ontario. Types—A long series of o’s and 9@’s from Hymers, Ont. (June 15-30) in Coll. Barnes. Brenthis chariclea grandis, subsp. nov. This form from Hymers, Ont., bears the same relation to chariclea botsduvali Dup. from Labrador that aphirape dawsoni does to triclaris Hbn. It is considerably larger than typical bots- duvali, the o&’s averaging 40 mm. wing expanse as compared with 35 mm. in the latter form; the black marginal border is heavier and the submargina! black spots larger with a tendency to become elongate and join the marginal band. On the underside the apex of primaries is heavily and broadly suffused with deep purple, with scattered yellowish markings, and on the secondaries the area beyond the median band of spots is almost entirely of the same deep rich purple colour, with at most only traces along the veins of the paler yellowish shading found in boisduvali. Types—A. long series of o’’s and @’s from Hymers, Ont. (Aug. 1-15, Dawson) in Coll. Barnes. Lyczena rita, sp. nov. o&.—Upper side brilliant violet-blue, with a narrow black border to both wings about 1 mm. wide, that of the secondaries tending to break up more or less into isolated spots shaded slightly with orange internally near the anal angle; fringe white, faintly checkered with black. Beneath creamy white, with a distinct black marginal line to both wings and checkered fringes; 224 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST primaries with a rather faint marginal row of oblong spots, reaching neither the costa nor the inner angle, followed by a row of six large black spots almost joined to form a continuous band; the usual postmedian row of spots large, black, much excurved op- posite the cell, and almost touching the submarginal row; a broad black dash in the cell and a series of three small subbasal spots. Secondaries with a marginal row of six black spots and a sub- marginal row of black dashes of which the two costal ones are heavy and round, the remainder being reduced and rather lunular in shape; between these two rows of spots a broad orange band fills the entire space from anal angle to vein 6; a bent postmedian row of prominent round black spots and a subbasal row of four similar spots with a black discal dash. 2 .—Pale brown above, with a broad orange band on secon- daries, much as on the underside, and a more or less distinct row of marginal round spots; occasionally the inner margin of this band shows traces of blue scaling, which may also be found at base of primaries; underside as in the o. = Expanse 23 mm. Types—Three o’’s, S. Arizona (Poling); one o, Santa Rita Mts., Ariz.; one o’, Rio Verdi Mts., Ariz.; three 9’s, S. Arizona (Poling) in Coll. Barnes. The species is closely allied to enoptes Bdv., but differs in the whiter ground colour of underside with broader orange band; the spots are also rather heavier and the blue of the upper side more violet in shade; the &@ genitalia, while quite distinct, show a relationship to enoptes rather than to battoides Behr., which has totally different sexual organs. We expect to make a few notes at a later date on these much confused species, together with figures to illustrate the points of distinction. HEMILEUCID. Hemileuca ljucina latifascia, subsp. nov. Specimens from Manitoba, while agreeing with typical /ucina ‘from the New England States in the transparent appearance of the wings, have the pale banding very much broader, especially on the primaries, leaving only a narrow black border of equal width THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 225 on both wings and much as in nevadensis Stretch; from this latter species, apart from their more transparent appearance, they may at once be distinguished by the thoracic vestiture, which is black, not pale yellow, as is found in nevadensis. The discal spot of secondaries in the Manitoba race is generally shorter and shows much more tendency to obsolescence than in either /ucina or nevadensts. Types—Five <’s, one 9, Aweme, Man. (Criddle) (Sept.) in Coll. Barnes. NOCTUID. Ipimorpha viridipallida, sp. nov. Primaries pale greenish ochre, with the usual markings of the genus, consisting of an outwardly oblique white t. a. line, slightly bent inwards in the central portion, an almost straight t. p. line, slightly angled opposite the cell, a faint and strongly irregular s. t. line defined inwardly by greenish shading, a large round orbicular outlined in white and a similarly outlined upright reniform constricted in the middle; claviform very faintly outlined and appressed to the t..a. line. Secondaries almost pure white, with a faint dark curved postmedian line crossing the central area of the wing. Beneath whitish, with a faint postmedian line crossing both wings. Expanse 35 mm. Types—Six o’s, two 9’s, Truckee, Calif. in Coll. Barnes. Most closely related to nanaimo Barnes, with practically identical markings; the pale greenish colour of primaries and the white secondaries readily separate it, however, from this species. Abrostola parvula, sp. nov. Thorax gray and brown mixed, posterior tufts light brown. Primaries with basal area to t. a. line brown, shaded with whitish at extreme base; t. p. line geminate, inner line faint, outer sharp, black, slightly angled below costa, rather evenly rounded to vein 1, where it bends outward, forming a slight but noticeable angle; median area dark blackish brown, containing the pale orbicular, | subreniform and reniform spots the former two placed obliquely 226 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST to cach other and joined, forming a figure eight; all the spots with more or less central brown shading, but with no very definite defining lines, t. p. line diffuse, whitish in costal half, geminate and incurved in lower half, the inner line being very distinct and dark brown; three or four black’ interspaceal dashes below the apex of wing and a white sharply dentate but broken s. t. line preceded by a diffuse narrow brown shade, the apices of the denta- tions almost touching the outer margin and tipped with brown; fringes slightly checkered by pale dots at ends of veins. Secondaries smoky, paler in basal half in the @ with a faint dark median curved line. Beneath smoky, secondaries paler, both wings with discal dot and dark postmedian line. Expanse 24 mm. Types—One Qo’, S. Ariz. (Poling) one 2, Redington, Ariz. in Coll. Barnes. Allied to urentis Gn., but considerably smaller. We have other specimens apparently similar to the type from Kerrville, Tex., and Shovel Mt., Texas, which may, however, prove to be a distinct race when more material is available for examination. THE HEATH. COLLECTION.OF LEPIDOPTERA. BY F. W. WOLLEY DOD, MIDNAPORE, ALTA. (Continued from Page 167). HETEROCERA. SPHINGID. Hemaris diffinis Bdv. var. ariadne B. & McD. Hemaris thysbe Fabr. One had the fore part of the abdomen green, though in most of the specimens it was yellow. Some with dentate inner edge to the marginal band were separated as var. cyliceformis. All these forms grade easily through to one another. Detlephila gallit Rott. Deilephila lineata Fabr. Ampelophaga cherilus Cram. Sphinx drupiferarum S. & A. Sphinx gordius Cram. One specimen. Sphinx vancouverensis Hy. Edw. and var. albescens Teffer. July. 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 227 Sphinx chersis Hbn. One specimen. Marumba modesta Harr. Smerinthus jamaicensis Dru. and var. geminatus Say. A single specimen in the series was of the typical form jamaicensis with the round pupil to the ocellus. Smerinthus cerystt Wirby. Paontas excecatus S. & A. Paonias myops S & A.. Cressonia juglandis S. & A. SATURNIID. Samia columbia Sm. var. nokomis Brodie. Telea polyphemus Cram. CERATOCAMPIDA. Antsota virginiensis Dru. SYNTOMID. Scepsis fulvicollis Hbn. Ctenucha virginica Carp. One specimen. LITHOSIID. Crambidia casta Sanb. Lexis bicolor Grt. Hypoprepia miniata Kirby. Hypoprepia fuscosa Hbn. and var. plumbea Hy. Edw. This variety is distinguished by a wide border on secondaries. Clemensia albata Pack. NOLID. Celama cilicoides Grt. Nola sp. near ovilla Grt. Two specimens. One of these was submitted to Messrs. Barnes and McDunnough, who were unable to give it an exact name, but stated that it was nearest ovilla. ARCTIIDE. Eubaphe immaculata Reak. Enbaphe spp. Probably rubicundaria Hbn. and quinaria Grt. Haploa lecontei Bdv. and vars. militaris Harr. and vestalts Pack. 228 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Haploa confusa Lyman. Estigmene acrea Dru. Estigmene prima Slosson. Estigmene congrua Walk. Hyphantria textor Harr. Diacrisia virginica Fabr. Tsia isabella S. & A. Phragmatobia fuliginosa Linn. Phragmatobia assimilans Walk. Hyphoraia parthenos Harr. A paniesis virgo Linn. A pantesis virguncula Kirby. A pantesis parthenice Kirby. A paniesis oithona Strk. var. rectilinea Kirby. Apantesis wiiliamsi Dodge, var. determinaia Neum. Ammalo tenera Hbn. Euchetias oregonensis Stretch. Halisidota tessellaris S. & A. Halisidota maculata Harr. AGARISTID-E. Alypia langtonii Coupes. Males of this species stood separately as octomaculata Fabr. This error has been a very general one in collections throughout Canada, Lyman going to the extent of pub- lishing an erroneous correction of Holland’s figures. In the male sex, /angtonit and octomaculata resemble one another very closely indeed, and both have two white spots on the secondaries, whereas langioniit 2 has only one. NOcTUID. Charadra devidens Grt. Raphia frater Grt. Acronycta americana Harr. Females stood correctly, males of the same species standing as hastulifera. Acronycta dactylina Grt. Acronycta cretata Sm. stood as leporina. Acronycta innotata. The whitest specimens of this stood as cretata, whilst some ochreous tinted specimens stood correctly as innotata. I thought at first that these latter might be betule Riley, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 229 but subsequent investigation showed that I was wrong. I have not, so far, seen betule@ from western Canada. Acronycta interrupta Gn. A single worn female. Acronycta marula G. & R. Acronycta lobelie Gn. Two specimens. Acronycta manitoba Sm. A series stood correctly named Others stood under hasta Gn, whilst three rather large, but otherwise similar, specimens were separated as telum Gn. Iattached the label to one of these specimens as evidence of what Smith claimed to have at last identified from Manitoba is ‘‘the true telum of Guenée.”’ Acronycta radcliffe. Harv. Two specimens correctly, and a third rather small one, as ‘‘ ? farlarea Sm.”’ Acronycta «uadraia Grt. Acronycla spinigera Gn. A single female, dated June 23rd, 1910. ; Acronycta superans Gn. Acronycta funeralis Grt. A female, June 27th, 1912. Acronycta fragiiits Gn. Acronycta grisea Walk. Acronycta falcula Grt. Acronycta albarufa Grt. Acronycta hesitata Grt. One specimen. Acronycia inclara Sm. Smith-admitted that the aggregate of specimens to which he first gave the name inclara (viz., the hama- melis of the Monograph) contained a mixture of species. He had made no type, but ultimately fixed Hampson’s figure under inclara as representing the type of the species.* Unfortunately the figure is a poor one, but I have caretully compared it with specimens in the British Museum, and have not the least doubt as to the species represented. It appears to be fairly common in Manitoba. The Heath collection contained a long and variable series, of which some stood as inclara; others as hamamelis, and a few small speci- mens as modica Walk. Acronycta impleta Walk. var. illita Smith. Acronycta sperata Grt. I could see no justification whatever for the attempted separation of the ‘“‘supposed new species very *Ent. News, XXII, 309-318, July, 1911. 230 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST near sperata,”’ which Smith claimed to have discovered from Cartwright, and which was recorded by Heath in his published notes. Acronycta noctivaga Grt. Acronycta impressa Walk. Acronycta oblinita S. & A. Arsilonche henrici Grt. The North American representative of European albovenosa. Microcelia diphteroides Gn. Bryophila lepidula Grt. var. avirida Smith. Most were the true dull coloured avirida, but they graded through to a form nearly as pale, though not quite as bright, as typical /epidula. Bryophila teratophora H.S. Moma geminata Sm. One of the specimens had a narrow, dark, smoky transverse band, not previously observed in the species. Chytonix palliatricula Gn. and var. iaspis Gn. Baileya dormitans Gn. Hadenella tonsa Grt. Catabena lineolata Walk. One specimen, May 25th, 1911. Platysenta videns Gn. Amongst this series stood one Himella contrahens and one Orthosia inops. Senta defecta Grt. Balsa malana Fitch. Athetis (Caradrina) extima Walk. Proscenus (Caradrina) miranda Grt. Hypocena (Caradrina) rufostriga Pack. Oligia festivoides Gn. Hillia iris Zett (orasis H. S.) A single specimen was of the red-brown var. vigilans Grt., and the rest of the ochreous grey form known as senescens Grt. Hillia algens Grt. A series stood correctly, and another series stood elsewhere as Cleoceris curvifascia Sm. Hillia dircinigra Walk. \ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 23 Protagrotis (Luperina) niveivenosa Grt. This species, which has occasionally, but by no means always, a spine on hind tibia, is identical with viralis Grt. The fact was not known to Sir George Hampson when he published a wiralis. Luperina flavistriga Sn. One female, Aug. Ist, 1911. Luperina stipata Morr. Luperina passer Gn. There was also a male, dated July 25th, 1911, of a pale grounded, black shaded form of which I have seen specimens from all the way from Montreal to Vancouver Island. I have tried to prove this a distinct species, but so far unsuccessfully. The genitalia in no wise differ from those of normal passer. Hadena indocilis Walk. and vars. runata Smith and enigra Smith. Jndocilis is the form standing in our lists as remissa Hbn. After much attention to the subject, I have decided that runata Smith and enigra Smith are in all probability variations of the same species. Ferens Smith is an exact synonym of runata, and enigra is exactly like some of my British specimens of gemina Hbn., of which remissa Hbn. is a European var. corresponding to our indocilis. Separans Grt. and lona Strk. are probably the same species as indocilis, in which case lona refers to a form similar to enigra. The male genitalia of all the above-named forms, s> far as I have yet examined them, both British and North American, are alike. This is about the most variable of our Hadenas. The Heath collection contained a single female only of the var. enigra, lacking abdomen, but otherwise in splendid condition, and dated June 26th, 1905. It stood in the series with miniota, to which it bears a very close resemblance. Hadena alia Gn. and var. rorulenta Sm. Hadena vultuosa Grt. Hadena cerivana Sm. There was one very peculiar aberration which I associate here, though it differed widely from anything previously seen. Hadena lateritia Hfn. Hadena dubitans Walk. The black form. Hadena plutonia Grt. About a third of the specimens so stand- ing were this species, one was dubitans, and the rest Helotropha rentjormis. 232 . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Hadena devastatrix Brace. A few of this species stood under their correct name, but a number far greater did duty for versuta. Smith. Hadena arctica Bdn. Hadena occidens Grt., mixed in the series with arctica. Hadena miniota Sm. A few specimens, including two female co-types. I have elsewhere expressed my conviction that miniota was a bronze-coloured form of versuta, but recent examination of the genitalia of a large number of colour forms of Calgary males has disclosed strong evidence of the existence of two species, not always separable on superficial characters. One unfortunate result of this discovery is that the exact identity of versuta must at present remain in doubt. It is quite probable that older names properly belong to both species. Hadena cariosa Gn. Two specimens. Hadena commoda Walk. (syn. alberta Sm.) Only two specimens stood under their correct name, but numerous others were found mixed with other species. Four specimens stood as cogitata Sm. as well as one small specimen of /ateritia, in truth most surprisingly like commoda. Hadena lignicolor Gn Hadena inordinata Morr. One specimen, standing as semi- lunata Grt., the distinctness of which is doubtful. Hadena mactata Sm., including the grey form allecto Sm. A female specimen of a probable variation of this species stood, quite wrongly, under adnixa Grt. Hadena modica Gn. Hadena semicana Walk. (syn. hausta Grt.) One specimen, mixed in the series with exhausta Sm. Standing as semicana was a single badly worn specimen of Parastichtis discivaria Walk. Smith always had an entirely wrong conception of semicana, and used to give this name to pale spechEes of fractilinea, from which it is widely distinct. Hadena exhausta Sm. A series of very poor specimens. Oo THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Zoe APHIDID FOUND ON THE APPLE IN BRITAIN AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM AFRICA. BY FRED V. THEOBALD, M.A. (Continued from Page 213). Aphis (Myzus) nigra, nov. nom. Aphis oxyacanthe Koch (non Schrank). Myzus oxyacanthe Schonteden. Koch, Die Pflanzen, p. 55, figs. 70, 71, 1857. Schonteden, Les Aphid. Palzarct., p. 173 (190?). Theobald, Entomologist, XLIV, D- 404, 1911: This aphid was found by Koch and described from specimens on Pyrus pyraster during May. It has so far been found in Britain in two localitiés- once at Mortimer, Berkshire, on apple trees (12, VI, 1911) and at Wye on apples (2 and 20, VI, 1911) and on Hawthorn (6, VII, 1907). From notes sent me, it appeared to have been abundant on apple trees at Mortimer, with A. crategi, but later at Wye in the same year I found it in several large colonies on apples, living — under the leaves of some Worcester Pearmains and a Peasgood Nonsuch, and previously in the same locality on Hawthorn hedges. I have only seen apterous females, but Koch describes and figures the alate viviparous female. A pterous viviparous female: Black and shiny; antenne black, not half the length of the body, of six segments; the Ist wider than the 2nd, scarcely longer; the 3rd nearly as long as the 6th, 4th and 5th about equal, basal area of the 6th nearly half as long as the flagellum; the last two segments and most of the 4th markedly imbricated. The legs may be all black, but now and then the tibiae seem to be paler on their basal two-thirds. Alate viviparous female : Described by Koch as being all black, except the tibize, which are yellowish, except at their apices. There are four pairs of lateral July, 1916 = 234 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST abdominal papilla before the cornicles. Antenne black and shorter than the body. Cornicles rather short, black. Cauda black, promi- nent. Aphis rumicis, Linneus. Aphis papaveris Fabricius. A phis thlaspeos Schrank. Aphis fave Scopoli. Aphis atriplicis Fabricius. Aphis aparines Schrank. Aphis armata Hausmann. Aphis dahlie Mosley. Aphis hortensits Fabricius. Aphis atriplicis Buckton. Aphis euonymi Fabricius. Aphis ulicis Fabricius. Rumicifex Amyot. Meconaphis Amyot. Linneus, Syst. Nat., II, 734, 5 and 736, 16.* Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool., 1913, p. 27, 1914. This very abundant black aphis, which occurs on such a great variety of plants, especially Docks (Rumex spp.), Beans (Fabria spp), Poppies (Papaver spp.) and Euonymus spp., was found by myself breeding in small colonies on apple trees at Wye in July, 1913, and again at Borough Green in Kent. In the same year I also found numbers on an apple tree near Herne Bay in Kent. In July, 19138, it was also sent me from the Cyder and Fruit Re- search Station at Long Ashton, near Bristol, from apple trees. In Kent only apterous viviparous females and their larve were found, but from Long Ashton alate, as well as aptere and larve were sent. Specimens from apple trees near Exeter, Devonshire, were also received during the same year. The so-called ‘‘ Black Dolphin” or ‘‘ Collier’’ appears, however, to be only a casual visitor, and has never been reported as causing any material damage. The apterz can at once be told from the black Aphis (M.) nigra by being mealy, and from the dark mealy Aphis crategi by being globose and not flattened. *For other references vide my paper jn Journ. Bd. Agr+. (England and Wales) 1912, pp. 467:476. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Da Moreover, the two last never have white flecks upon them, so often noticed in Aphis rumicis, especially in the nymphe. In the alate female stage it can at once be told from Aphis crategi by the absence of the basal pale abdominal band and general absence of farinose matter. As I have not seen any alate of A. nigra, | cannot compare them, but the resemblance to rumicis is great. Siphocoryne avene, Fabricius. Aphis avene Fabricius. A phis avene-sative Schrank. Aphis annue Oestlund. Aphis mali Fitch (non Fabricius). A phis crategifolie Fitch. Aphis fitchii Sanderson. Fabricius, Ent. Syst. IV, 214, 22, 1774; Syst. Rhyng, 297, 21, 1803. Schrank, Fr. Boica, II, p. 104, 1801. Kaltenbach, Mono. Pflanz., p. 108, 1854. Walker, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Sc. 2, V, p. 269, 1849. Fitch, Ist Rept. Nox. & Ben. Ins., St. N. Y., pp. 49-60, 1856. Fitch, 4th Ann. Rept. Reg. Univ., N. Y., p. 65, 1851, and p. 66 (=crategi- foliz) and Cat. Hom. N. Y., St. Cat., 1851. Walker, Cat. Brit. Mus. Homop., p. 986 (mali), 1852. Fitch, 6th Rept. Ins. N. Y., pp. 91-97, 1865. Walsh, Phil. Ent. Soc., p. 301 (=mali), 1862. Walsh, Proc. Ent. II, p. 37 (=mali), 1867. Riley, Am. Ent. I, p. 99 (=mali), 1869; and II, p. 178 (=mali), 1870. Kaltenbach, Die Pflanz. a. d. Klasse, Ins., p. 216, No. 79, 1874. Saunders, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 344 (=mali), 1877. : Riley & Monell, Bull. U. S. Geol. & Geog. Surv. V, 1, 25 (=craltegifoliz), 1879. Thomas, 8th Report St. Ent. Ill., p. 83, 1879. Saunders, Canad. Ent. XV, pp. 96-97 (=mali), 1883. Osborn, Bull. Iowa Agri. Coll., 2, 91 (=mali), 1884. Saunders, Rept. Ent. Soc. Ont., p. 23 (=mali), 1884. Fletcher, Rept. Canad. Cent. Exp. Farms, 22 (=mali), 1887. Forbes, Trans. Ill. St. Hort. Soc., p. 92, 1887. Lintner, Rept. Inj. Ins., N. Y., for 1886, p. 118, 1887. Oestlund, Aphid. Minn., p. 64 (=mali), p. 51 (=crategifolix), 1887. Riley, Sec. Agri. Rept. U.S. Ent.; 1889, p. 348, 351, 1890. Hillman, Bull. II, Neb. Agri. Exp. Sta., 1890. Hieronymus & Pax., Herb. Cec. fasc. VI, No. 192, 1890. Fitna ous & Sirrine, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. I, pt. III, p. 99 (=crategifoliz), Webster, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc. III, p. 119 (=mali), 1893. Webster, Insect Life, VI, p. 152 (=mali), 1893. Weed, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. XX, p. 299 (=mali.), 1893. Bruner, Rept. Nebr. Hort. Soc., p. 172.(=mali), 1894. 236 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Webster, Bull. 51, Ohio Agri. Exp. Sta., pp. 111-117 (=mali), 1894. Fletcher, Rept. Canad. Cent. Exp. Farms, p. 199, 1895, and p. 163, 1896 and p. 206, 1898. Alwood, Bull. 100, Vag. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 89, 1899. Harvey, Bull. 56, Me. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 129, 1899, and 15th Rept. Me. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 129. Johnson, Bull. 26, (n.s.) U. S. Dept. Agri. (D. E.), p. 80,1900. ~ Lugger, Bull. 69, Minn. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 192, 1900. Sanderson, Bull. 26 (n. s.) U. S. Dept. Agri. (D. E.), p. 67, 1900. Sanderson, Trans. Penns. Hort. Soc., p. 45 (=mali), 1901. Hunter, Bull. 60, Iowa Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 99 (=mali), 1901. Schonteden, Marcellia, Avellino, II, p. 95, 96, 1903. and Ann. Soc. Ent. Belg. 47, p. 178, 1903. Pergande, Bull. 44, U. S. Dep. Agri., Div. Ent., p. 7, 1904. Tavares, Broteria. IV, p. 103, 1905. Marchal, Autun. Mém. Soc. Hist. Nat. XVIII, p. 305, 1905. Sanderson, Bull. 74, Del. Coll. Agri. Exp. Sta., pp. 137-149 (=fitchii), 1906. Theobald, Rept. Eco. Zool: 1905, pp. 30-32, figs. 10, 11, 14, 15 (==fitchii), 1906. Gillette, Journ. Eco. Ent. I, p. 308, 1908. Schonteden, Mém. Soc. Ent. Belg. XII, p. 217, 1906. Gillette & Taylor, Bull. 133, Colo. Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 30, 1908. Theobald, Insect Pests of Fruit (=/fitchii), p. 137, figs. 111-114, 1908. Tullgren, Upp. Prak. Ent. XXII, p. 56, 1913. Patch, Bull. 233, Maine Agri. Exp. Sta., p. 266, 1914. Davis, Bull. 112, U. S. Dep. Agri., 1914 (Oat Aphis). Aphis prunifolie Fitch is given by Schonteden as a synonym of this species. As far as I can see, Fitch’s species is only Aphis prunt. Prunifolie is described by Fitch in his First and Second Report on Noxious and Beneficial Insects of the State of New York, p. 122, 1856. DESCRIPTION: : Alate viviparous female (spring migrant) : Head, pronotum and thoracic lobes almost black to olive brown, the two last often very shiny; pronotum green in front and behind. Abdomen green, with black lateral spots, 3 to 4 large ones outside and 5 small ones mediad; a dark patch in many at base of the cornicles,* one on the inside and two dark bars caudad of the cornicles, the first broad, the second narrow. Anal plate black. Cauda brown cr greenish brown in the middle, dark at the edges. The antenna are shorter than the body, black; the two basal segments nearly equal in length, the second barrel- shaped and narrower than the first; 3rd nearly as long as the 6th, latte ahchoibeete ck Sha See en Reams Dass ee tame eee Feet Te re *Sanderson describes his fi/chii as having a_yellow spot at the base of the cornicles. This I have never seen in any European specimen. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 237 about twice as long as the 4th, with 17-20 sensoria over its whole length, but not so markedly tuberculate as in kochii and crategi, but with many more sensoria than in pomi; 4th segment with 10-14 sensoria, the same length as the 5th; the 5th with 0-6 sensoria, including the usual sub-apical one; the 6th about as long as the 4th and 5th; the last three imbricated. Cornicles rather short, either brown or pale greenish brown, somewhat swollen in the middle or irregularly cylindrical constricted at the apex, which is more or less flared and, to some extent, constricted at the base; in some specimens the cornicles are almost black. Legs dark, except base of femora and most of the tibiz, which are pale greenish brown to pale green or yellowish. Base of wings green to yellow. Length 1.5 to 2 mm.; wing expanse 6 to 7 mm. Return alate migrant: Very similar to the former, but appears to be smaller in most cases, and the 5th antennal segment has seldom more than the usual sub-apical sensorium, but in an occasional specimen 1-2 extra ones may occur. The abdomen more variable, green, yel- lowish or pale brown. Variation in sensoria of alate female. The apple spring migrant may often have no sensoria on segment 5, except the usual sub-apical one, but now and then from 1-3 may occur. This also seems to be the case with “‘fitchii” in America. Those from oats and wheat, the return migrants to the apple and pear, usually have none but the sub-apical one, but now and then 1-3 may also occur. In America it seems that this segment usually has a few sensoria. Pergande figures the second generation—the migratory female—with sensoria on segment 5 and states that segment 3 is always strongly tuberculate, frequently _ also 4 and sometimes also more or less 5 (Bull-A4- DE. U.S. Dept. Agri.). Apterous viviparous female: Green to yellowish green with often more or less distinct mottled areas or dark green median and lateral lines; oval. Eves black. Antenne green, dusky at the tips. Cornicles greenish 238 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST brown to brown,* slightly swollen in the middle, flared at the tips, where they are slightly constricted, and also to some extent constricted at the base. Legs pale green; tarsi dusky. Cauda small, pale brownish. Antenne vary from 5 to 6 segments; when of 5 segments, the third is as long as the fifth; 4th longer than the basal area of the 5th; basal area of latter about 144 the length of the flagellum; when of 6 segments, the 3rd is about as long as the 6th; 4th and 5th about equal in length; the apical segments, where they are darkened, are markedly imbricated. In some specimens there is a marked dorsal median deep green stripe, made up of various shaped patches on each segment, sometimes broadly elongated. A few patches of white powder between the dorsal and lateral darker green stripes on the anterior abdominal segments may occur. Length 2 mm. The larve are yellowish green, with two dark spots on the head; legs brownish to greenish white; cornicles deep brown or all green. Pupe light yellowish green. Oviparous female: Apterous. Somewhat oval. Yellowish green, yellow to almost green or dull green; head often slightly brownish; also the pro- notum, antenne and legs. Antenne short, of 5 segments, about or less than half the length of the body; Ist segment wider and longer than 2nd; 3rd not quite as long as 5th; paler at the base; 4th short, only a little longer than base of 5th, with a single marked sensorium; 5th with swollen basal area, about quarter length of flagellum.** Eyes dark, prominent. Proboscis reaches to base of second legs, acuminate, apical segment longer than the pen- ultimate. Hind tibiz slightly broadened, with 29-32 sensoria, not quite reaching the apex. Cornicles short, brown to black, in some almost green, flared at the tip and constricted at base and apex; markedly imbricated. Cauda moderate, spinose, with three pairs of lateral hairs; blunt at apex and dusky to brown.7 Anal plate *Sanderson says that in America it has a “rusty yellow spot at the base of the cornicles.’’ I have never seen this in European specimens. **Sanderson says “‘antenne with but 6 segments. 7Sanderson mentions a dull reddish or orange spot at the base. This I have never seen. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 239 dark, broadly expanded, spinose, with a few hairs. A small papilla between the cornicles and cauda. Hind tibie with rather long hairs. Length .8 to 1 mm. Male.—Alate. Head and thorax black, shiny. Abdomen black and dull green,* and with dusky lateral spots; dark at the apex. Antenne black, variable in length, not quite as long, to a little longer than the body; Ist segment larger than 2nd; 3rd not quite as long as the 6th; base pale, with 17-20 sensoria over its whole length; 4th about as long as the 5th, thick, with 14-18 sensoria; 5th with 5-12 sensoria; basal area of 6th small. Proboscis dark, reaching the 2nd pair of legs, acuminate, apical segment longer than penultimate. Cornicles black, flared at apex, con- stricted at base and apex, imbricated. Legs with dark coxe; fore femora green, except at apex, mid and hind dark brown; tibiae green, with dark apices; tarsi dark. Cauda black. Anal black; the cauda with two pairs of lateral hairs and spinose; penis yellow. Wings with brown veins and yellowish-green insertions. Length 1 to 1.5 mm. DISTRIBUTION: Europe generally; America; Africa? Foop PLANTs: Pyrus malus, Pyrus communis, Crategus sp., Avena sativa, Avena orientalis and Avena fatua; Hordeum hexastichon** and Hordeum distichon, Tritivum sativum and various Graminee spp.? Walker gives Cydonia vulgaris, Sorbus aucuparia, Mespilus ger- manicus and Crategus oxyacanthe. Oecestlund records it on Wild Crab Apple and Mountain Ash. Davis, in his recent paper (Bull. 122, U.S. Dept. Agri., 1914), gives the following food plants: Graminee—Wheat (Triticum vulgare and T. dicoccumt); Oat (Avena sativa), Wild Oat (A. fatua) ; *Sanderson says light yellowish brown. **The usual name for Barley is Hordeum vulgare, but the cultivated forms are grouped into three races: 6-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum hexastichon) ; 4-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum vulgare), and 2-rowed Barley (Hordeum sativum distichon). Avena sativa is the Common Oat; Avena faiua, the Wild Oat; Avena orientalis, the Tartarian Oat. {The latter is recorded by Mordwilk as hosts of Aphis padi, Kalt.—avene, Fabr. This is not the Aphis padi, Reaum. 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Tall Oat Grass (Arrhenatherum elatius); Barley (Hordeum vulgare) ; Two-rowed Barley (/7. distichon); Wall Barley (Phleum pratense) ; Canada Blue Grass (Pou compressa); Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa pratensis); Annual Meadow Grass (Poa annua); Crab Grass (Syntherisma sanguinale); Upright Chess (Bromus racemosus) ; Rescue Grass (Bromus unioloides); Cheat (Bromus secalinus) ; Hungarian Brome Grass (Bromus imnermis); Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata); Italian Rye Grass (Lolium multiflorum) ; Perennial Rye Grass (Lolium perenne); Red Top (Agrostis alba); Red Fescue (Festuca rubra); Sheep’s Fescue (F. ovina); Meadow Fescue (F. pratensis); Hard Fescue (F. ovina duriuscula); Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea); Melic Grass (Melica banhini and M. penicillaris); Johnson Grass (Andropogon hale- pensis); Broom Corn (Andropogon sorghum, var.); WKoeler’s Grass (Koeleria cristata); Wild Rye (Elymus geniculatus); Virginia Wild Rye (Elymus virginicus); Nodding Wild Rye (E. canadensis); Corn (Zea mays); Teosinte (Euchlena mexicana); Typhacee: Cat-tail (Typha latifolia); Ammiacee: Celery (A pium graveolens); Compo- site: Tick Seed (Coreopsis sp.); Malaceew: Apple (Malus malus); Pear (Pyrus communis); Hawthorn (Crategus coccinea, etc.); American Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana); Quince (Cydonia vulgaris); Wild Crab Apple (Malus sp.); Rosacee: Ninebark (Opulaster opulifolius); Amygdalacee: Plum (Prunus sp.); Choke Cherry (Padus virginiana) and Wild Black Cherry (Padus padus and P. serotina) ; Pergande also gives Cornus sp., Bursa bursa- pastoris, Arctium minus, all probably accidental hosts. ] have never found it on Padus, and it certainly is not the Aphis padi of Reaumur. LIFE-HISTORY: Fabricius originally described this species from specimens found on Oats (Avena sativa). Kaltenbach on Avena fatua and sativa and on Hordeum hexastichon and distichon. Thomas (Third Rept., p. 53, 1879) refers to avene as appearing on the fall wheat and oats in America, working upon the leaves and stalks singly, and that when winter appears that they move down to the ground, ~ some at least entering the soil, and feed upon the sap of the roots, and at the same time he found an alate individual on the blade. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 241 As far as I have observed, the winter is passed in Britain entirely in the egg stage on the apple and pear. The ova hatch in the beginning of April and by about the 20th of that month I have found numbers of apterous viviparous females on the apple leaves. These apterze continue to increase through May and towards the end of the month alate commence to appear. The earliest date I have of winged females is the 21st, from Hailsham in Sussex. At Wye they have usually appeared about the 29th, but in 1914 many occurred as early as the 10th. These alate viviparous females migrate from the apple and pear until the middle of June, by which time all seem to have disappeared. Pergande and others traced this migration to corn and grasses in America—the so-called Aphis fitchit of Sanderson—on the apple, becoming the Aphis avene of Fabricius on corn. In Britain I have found the same. Aptere occur on oats, and more rarely barley, from late June onwards. In 19111 found many as late as September the 19th. By October 15th winged forms have been frequently noticed on self-sown and wild oats, and in most years by the 20th of that month all had flown from the corn back to the apple and pear. But this cannot be general, for the return migrants to the apple seem to appear gradually. Winged females have been for many years noticed to appear on the apples over a much greater length of time. It is possible that many come from wild grasses, although repeated search has failed to reveal them on any kind of grass in the south of England. The alate females on the apple produce living young and these become the apterous oviparous females and the alate males.. These sexuales I have found in large numbers year after year in October, and many continue to oviposit late into November. The earliest oviparous females I have found were in October 4th in 1911; the latest on November 15th in 1915. Sanderson says that in America few eggs are laid before September Ist, but in these Islands I have never found any laid as early at that. Miss Patch says “this species migrates from the apple and certain other members of the Rose family to the oat and other grasses for the summer.”’ She also records it on Crategus at Orono, Maine, U.S. A., in June, as alate and pupa, the latter were green with darker green longitudinal median and_ sub-lateral. lines, 242 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST between which ran a row of whitish spots and no rusty or orange- coloured markings near the cornicles. Davis in his recent paper (Bull. 112, U. S. Dept. Agri., 1914) points out that in America aven@ also passes the winter as viviparous females at the lower parts and roots of wheat and other grasses. In the latitude of La Fayette, Indiana, it winters either as viviparous females on grain and grasses or in the egg stage on apple and pear. Further north, he says, this species is probably unable to winter in any but the egg stage, whilst in the southern parts of the United States they may live over winter as viviparous females only, no egg stage appearing. He thus concludes that the apple is not a necessary alternate host. In a recent letter to me this authority thinks that my Szphocoryne splendens from Egypt* may be the same as avene, but it differs markedly in structure, and I have never seen aven@ crimson and green in Britain, but Professor Davis says it may be so in America. DESCRIPTIONS OF AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME CHALCIDOID HYMENOPTERA. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. Eupelmus marylandicus, n. sp. Female—Length 1.95 mm., excluding the ovipositor valves, which are straight, compressed somewhat and extruded for a length equal to somewhat over half that of the abdomen. Slender, graceful. Allied to the Australian pachyscapha. Dark metallic purple, the tarsi except the last joint, tips of tibia narrowly and the distal half (or a little more) of the middle tibia, white or nearly. Fore wings brown from the proximal end of the bend of the submarginal vein distad to apex, the infuscation broken by two distinct, straight, longitudinal, hyaline stripes, the cephalic and shorter from the base of the stigmal vein to apex and including the cephalic wing margin; the other much longer, extending from a point caudad of middle, nearly opposite the middle of the marginal vein to the apex. Stigmal vein slender, nearly two-thirds the length of the postmarginal. Antenne inserted about *Bull. Ent. Res. July, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 243 in the middle of the face, but below the ventral ends of the eyes, the latter shorter than the cheeks. Scape greatly, rectangularly dilated (over twice longer than wide, excluding the bulla); pedicel somewhat longer than wide at apex, subequal to funicle 5; funicle 1, or the ‘‘ring-joint,’’ a little wider than long; 2 over twice longer than wide, 3 and 4 subequal, longest, a little longer than 2; 8 a little longer than wide, subequal to club 1. Mandibles tridentate. Wings rather slender. Cephalic raised piece of scutum and the lateral ridge weak, yet distinct. Arxilla small, convex barely separated, or not at all; scutellum globular, convex. Pronotum quadrate. Abdomen a third longer than the thorax. Sculpture weak. Cephalic femur compressed. Middle tarsi with black teeth beneath. Described from one female captured by sweeping in the forest, Chevy Chase Lake, Maryland, April 24, 1915. * Type—Catalogue No. 20094, U.S. N. M., the above female on a tag, the head and a fore wing on a slide. Eupelmus speciosus, n. sp. Female—Length 2.00 mm., the ovipositor valves shortly extruded. Light orange yellow, the wings hyaline or sometimes slightly infuscated under the marginal vein, the head dark metallic green (except the mouth) as is also the distal third of the scutellum; legs, ovipositor valves and scape pale yellow. Pedicel suffused with yellow; rest of antenna black. Scape a little compressed; pedicel twice longer than wide at apex, longer than any of the funicle joints, of which 4 is longest, nearly twice longer than wide; 1 wider than long, 2 a fourth longer than wide, 3 next longest, 8 somewhat wider than long. Postmarginal vein but very slightly longer than the stigmal. Head, axille and scutellum densely scaly, rest of thorax delicately so. Lateral ridges of scutum joined across near caudal margin, the raised triangular piece reaching to about the middle. Ovipositor valves black at extreme base. Abdomen narrowing gradually to apex, as long as the rest of the body com- bined. Middle tarsi with black teeth beneath. Described from seven females in the collection of the U. S. National Museum, on tags bearing the following label: ‘4841°", April 3, 1890.”’ Locality, Washington, D. C.? 244 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Types—Catalogue No. 20091, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens, a pair of antenne on a slide. Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead utahensis, new variety. Female—Length 2.00 mm., excluding the ovipositor, which is two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Differs from the desciiption of rose Ashmead in having the cephalic femur metallic. Differs from clert in having the post- marginal vein no longer than the stigmal and the ovipositor valves broadly dusky at tips; runs to cyaniceps Ashmead, but differs in being much less robust, in having the cephalic tibia nearly wholly metallic. Caudal legs metallic (except tarsi); middle tibiz yellow, also the femur except proximad more or less. Funicle 1 much wider than long, 2 and 3 subequal, longest, each about twice longer than wide. Described from two females in the collection of the U.S. N. M., from American Fork, Utah, July. Types—Catalogue No. 20092, U. S. N*M., the above speci- mens on tags, a head and fore wing on a slide. Compared with types of cleri and cyaniceps. Middle white portion of ovipositor much longer than the basal blue portion, shorter than the distal dusky portion. Eupelmus cyaniceps Ashmead amicus, new variety. Female—Like the typical form, but the ovipositor valves more slender and the white middle portion shorter than either basal or distal portion (in the typical form the yellowish middle portion is longest.) Described from three pairs on tags in the U.S. N. M., labelled: “From Bruchus amicus Horn, Las Cruces, New Mexico.” Types—Catalogue No. 20093, U. S. N. M., the above speci- mens (three tags). Eupelmus charitopoides, new species. Female—Length 1.85 mm., excluding the ovipositor, which is extruded for a length equal to that of the abdomen. Dark metallic green, the wings subhyaline; tarsi, knees, tips of cephalic tibia, distal half of caudal tibiz and middle tibia except THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 245 a cinctus just below the knee, reddish brown; teeth of middle tarsus ventrad white, dense, soft. Venation yellow. Postmarginal vein neatly twice the length of the stigmal ,which is moderately long. Head and thorax very delicately scaly. Axillae barely separ- ated inwardly. Lateral ridges of scutum distinct, the raised ce- phalic, mesal portion small. Antenne inserted below the middle of the face, slightly below the ventral ends of the eyes; scape distinctly much compressed; pedicel twice longer than wide at apex, subequal to funicle 5; funicle 1 slightly longer than wide, 2 and 4 longest, each about thrice longer than wide, 8 thickest, about a half longer than wide. Differs from Charitopus schwarzit Ashmead in being shorter, the stigmal vein is twice longer, the legs differently coloured and so on. Described from one female in the U. S. N. M. from Harper’s Ferry, West Virginia, May 19. Type—Catalogue No. 20094, U.S. N. M., the above specimens on a tag, an antenna on a slide. Scutellista cyanea, Motschoulsky. Several pairs reared from Ceroplastes galeatus Newstead, Kampala, Uganda, Africa, September 6, 1915 (C. C. Gowdey). Eurytoma galeati, new species. _ Female—Length 1.95 mm. Abdomen as long as the rest of the body. Agrees with the description of transvaalensis Cameron, except as follows: The scape is entirely reddish, the middle and caudal tibiz each bear a distinct, middle black cinctus; the marginal vein is distinctly somewhat longer than the postmarginal. On the de- pressed basin of the propodeum, which is reticulated, there is a nearly half complete. median channel composed of two fovee end to end on each side of a very narrow median carina. Club 2-jointed; funicles 4 and 5 each somewhat longer than wide, longer than the pedicel. Abdominal petiole a little wider than long. Segment 5 of abdomen longest, equal to 3 and 4 united, abdomen dorsad glabrous, finely scaly distad of segment 5 and on the lateral aspect. Mesopleurum finely punctate, caudal half finely striate cepholo-caudad. Prepectus mostly glabrous. Punctures dense, 246 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST distinct. Distal segment of abdomen long-pointed. Stigmal vein slightly shorter than the postmarginal. Funicle 1 somewhat over half the length of the body of the scape. Described from two females reared from Ceroplastes galeatus Newstead, Kampala, Uganda, Africa (C. C. Gowdey), September, 1915. Types—Catalogue No. 20095, U.S. N. M., the above speci- mens on tags, plus a slide bearing antenna, a fore wing, caudal ' legs, a fore leg and a middle tibia. Aphelinus automatus Girault. A female, Vienna, Virginia, from A pts selarie (W. F. Turner). Coelopisthia confusa, new species. Female—The same in stature, and so forth, as fwmosipennis Gahan, but differing as follows: The legs (excluding the concolorous cox) are darker, being reddish; the antenna are inserted a little higher up on the face and differ notably in that the ring-joints are normal (that is not large, the second not subquadrate), the scape is red, the pedicel nearly all dusky black, funicle 1 a little wider than long, 4-6 subequal, much wider than long; the infuscation of the fore wing is fainter and more diffused, vet distinct. At least one mandible 4-dentate (other not seen). Flagellum black. Described from one female in the collections of the U.S. N. M., labelled “.Semiotellus chalcidiphagus Walsh., Washington, D. C.” This species, superficially, is very similar to Homoporus crassinervts Thomson. | Tybe—Catalogue No. 20096, U.S N. M., the above female on a tag, a pair of wings, a caudal tibia and the antenne on a slide. A NEW GENUS OF PTEROMALID CHALCIDOID HYMENOPTERA FROM NORTH AMERICA. BY A. A. GIRAULT, GLENNDALE, MD. Tomocerodes, new genus. Female.—Belongs to the Eunotine. Like Tomocera Howard, except that the caudal tibia is armed with a very long, stout spur, ~ ‘ ~J THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 24 as in Ophelosia. Antenne 8-jointed (excluding a very minute ring-joint). Segment 2 of the abdomen occupying the entire sur- face. Scutellum without a delicate cross-suture near apex. Male antenne 7-jointed, the funicle joints as in male Eurytoma, the club as long as the scape and solid; a very minute ring-joint, but not counted. Abdomen with a scanty tuft of hairs at base on each side. A short postmarginal vein, as in Tomocera. Mandibles tridentate, not especially large. Tomocerodes americana, new species. Female.—Of the habitus and stature of Tomocera genotype. Dark reddish brown, the fore wing infuscated as in the named species, except that the infuscation is rectangular rather than ovate, its ends subtruncate, its proximal end not past the base of the marginal vein (but conical at caudal wing margin and somewhat proximad of the marginal vein) and distad it extends somewhat closer to the apex. Dorsal abdomen (except the sides at base), propodeum (except laterad of the lateral carina except at caudal margin) and all the dorsal thorax laterad of‘the axilla and scutel- lum, metallic purplish; also venter of abdomen more or less (especially distad). Club black, the funicle and tibize washed distinctly with purple. Stigmal vein longer than the shortened marginal. Marginal fringe of fore wing somewhat longer than usual (that is, not extremely short). Pedicel much longer than ~ any of the funicle joints, the latter moniliform, 1-2 subequal, smallest, 5 largest, over twice the size of 1. Club not quite as long as the funicle. Abdomen glabrous. Head and thorax very delicately scaly. Propodeum a little longer at the meson, with median and lateral carine, the latter closer to the meson than to the minute spiracle; between these carine, a cross-carina near the cephalic margin (longer) and one near apex, both curved a little; also a looped carina from base of the lateral carina over to near the spiracle. Dorsal thorax with isolated black bristles. Axillz not advanced. Scutum nearly as long as the scutellum. Male.—A third smaller and entirely metallic purple, the wings hyaline, the tarsi brown. The scape is still long, but much shorter than in the female, the pedicel globular; funicles 1 and 2 close 248 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST together, 1 ovate (the axis oblique), the others triangular, the base of each triangle about half the length of the club; each funicle joint with a tuft of long silky hair from the apex of their lateral prolongation. Mandibles tridentate. Described from one pair in the U.S. N.M., labelled ““Oaxaca, Mexico, Koebele.”’ Ty pes.—Catalogue No. 20192, U.S. N. M., the above speci- mens plus a slide bearing the heads and caudal tibiae and a female fore wing. JOHN BICKERTON WILLIAMS, F. Z. 5S. We regret to record the death, on Sunday, May 28, 1916, of Mr. John Bickerton Williams, one of the oldest members of our Society. Mr. Williams had been in Toronto only about three weeks since his return from Bermuda, where he had spent the winter and where his health, which had been failing for the past few years, had apparently much improved Mr. Williams was born in Liverpool, England, in 1848, and was educated as an architect, practising a few years in Birmingham before coming out to Canada in 1881. Since then he resided chiefly in Toronto, though he spent a few years in Montreal in the early nineties. He was a Fellow of the Zoological Society and was in- terested in various branches of zoology, but more especially in ornithology, of which he had a wide and accurate knowledge. Since 1906, when he was appointed Cataloguer of the Biological Museum of the University of Toronto, he did a great deal of useful work in identifying, arranging and labeling the museum specimens, particularly the birds. In entomology he also accomplished + uch useful work fo1 the museum, his interest centering in the butterflies; and he contributed several articles to the Canadian Entomologist and the Annual Reports of our Society. He was for many years a most valued member of the Toronto Branch of the Society, acting for long periods as Secretary-Treasurer and as Librarian-Curator. He was also Honorary Curator of the Royal Canadian Institute. -Mr. Williams was unmarried, his only relative in Canada being a brother, Mr. A. R. Williams, of Toronto. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 249 GEOMETRID NOTES. NEw SPECIES AND ABERRATIONS. BY L. W. SWETT, WEST SOMERVILLE, MASS. Hydriomena californiata Pack. ab. niveifascia nov. Expanse 30-35 mm. Wings pale gray, the red and smoky bands being replaced by silvery white bands. The markings are as in normal califormata, except that the watery line of the mesial band of the fore wings is replaced with white. Where the basal and extra-discal reddish shadings usually occur is also white. The marginal, smoky band is replaced with white and the margin of the wings pale gray. The hind wings are smoky brown, with two curved bands, as in the normal form. The extradiscal dots on the fore wings are minute and black. Beneath them is a trace of the white lines above, showing through on the fore wings; otherwise, as in normal californiata. This is a most striking form, and would require some time and study to place it correctly, if it were not for the date of capture and the character of the palpi. I do not believe in describing aberrations of the species of Hydriomena where they are slight, but this albinic, banded form seems very unusual, and I recall no previous case of this variation in North America form. Holotype—o, Goldstream, B. C., April 19, 1908, from Mr. E. H. Blackmore, in my collection. Allotype— @ , Victoria, B. C., June 6, 1908, returned to Mr. E. H. Blackmore. Nomenia obsoleta, n. sp. Expanse 20-23 mm. . Fore wings white, with a very slight fuscous tinge, the costa with nine or ten irregular brown lines, which, if produced, would cross the wings. The first line curves outwardly to the median vein, then stops and appears as a spot on the inner margin. The other lines, continued to the intradiscal, show only as minute brown dots on the median vein and inner margin. The intradiscal line is very irregular and shows only very faintly, appearing as heavy dots on the median vein and inner margin. The discal dot is small and black, with the median space pure glistening white. The extra- July, 1816 250 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST discal double line is the most prominent marking on the wings. It starts as a geminate line at the costa, just beneath which it is outwardly sharply angled. It curves backward from costa toward discal spot, opposite which it is again outwardly angled; then runs a straight course for a short distance and, making a curve inwardly runs straight to inner margin. At the costa there is a large brown spot joining these geminate extradiscal lines, another at the median vein and a smaller one on the inner margin. Beyond, the marginal lines run almost straight across the wings with no inward curve as in duodecemlineata Pack., the only angle being at the costa. Fringe pure white, with black dashes at ends of veins. The wings are not gray as in /2-lineata Pack., but glistening white with brown spots, and the extradiscal is the only line crossing the wing except the two marginal pale lines. Hind wings pure glistening white, with trace of extradiscal line running straight across the wing. It appears as a dot on the inner margin, then on each vein to the cell, where it is elongated and heavy; then in small dots on veins to the outer margin. There is an apparent marginal line, but the dots are so small and faint that it is difficult to see. [I can see no discal spot except perhaps a slight darkening of the scales. Beneath: Fore wings darker than above, with fuscous tinge, extradiscal and marginal lines showing through. Discal spots black and prominent on all the wings. Hind wings white, as above, extradiscal line running straight across the wing, appearing as dots on the veins, no curve visible. Beyond this there are traces of two marginal faint dotted lines. On the abdomen above at base are two twin dots which sometimes join, forming a black band. Gemin- ate spots are also present on each segment almost to the tip. This species differs from duodecemlineata Pack. in its larger size, pure white colour and brown spots and course of lines. Holotype— %, Goldstream, B. C., April 19, 1908, from Harvey collection. | Paratype—o, Victoria, B. C., April 19, 1908, in Provincial Museum Collection. Allotype— 2 , Goldstream, B. C., April 19, 1908, from Harvey collection. ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 251 Paratype— 2, Victoria, B. C., April 26, 1908, from Harvey collection. All these were received through Mr. Blackmore. I am not sure that the o paratype is exactly like the others. It has a fuscous tinge and more nearly approaches the 12-lineata Pack., but it is best referable here, I think. Obsoleta Swett looks a trifle like small Venusia cambrica Curtis, if pure white, though the antenme would show the difference at once. Diastictis andersoni, n. sp. Expanse 27 mm. Fore wings smoky gray or bluish gray, with three prominent costal brown patches. The first is a basal patch, from which a faint line curves outwardly to inner margin. The second line runs almost straight across wing to margin; the third line is most promi- nent and runs with an outward curve to about two-thirds of the wing, and then runs straight to inner margin. There is a trace of a fourth costal patch, and beyond the extradiscal line is a heavy fuscous shade running from median vein to inner margin. Hind wings are of the same colour as fore wings, and extradiscal band curves outwardly across wing. No discal spots apparent in any of the wings above. Fringe grayish, with a slight darkening near apex of fore wings. Beneath, the fore wings are a smoky gray in colour; the extradiscal line showing through; beyond which they are somewhat striated. Hind wings: Discal dot large, extradiscal line heavy, and all the wings somewhat striated, giving them a mottled appearance. This: form looks somewhat like occiduaria Pack , if smoky gray, but the extradiscal lines on both wings are more curved, and it lacks any yellow shade. This form is possibly an aberration of some known species, but [ hardly think so, as it was taken by Mr. Anderson at Atlin, B. C., which is pretty far north. I take pleasure in naming this form after Mr. Anderson, who has proved to be an indefatigable collector, and who has done much to further our knowledge of the Geometrids of Northern British Columbia. Holotype—o, Atlin, B. C., July 13, 1914, in my collection through the kindness of the collector, Mr. E. M. Anderson. Paratypes—from same locality and date in Provincial Museum collection at Victoria, B. C., also in that of Mr. E. H. Blackmore. 252 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST This form must be allied to inceptaria Walk., which is, in my opinion, distinct from argillacearia Pack. Dyar’s reference is also incorrect. It was described as Numeria inceptaria in the Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, Vol. 5, pp. 241-266, Aug. 1860. Argilla- cearia Pack. seems to lack definite lines, while, according to the description, inceplaria has two on the hind wings and three on the fore wings. I rather think it is nearer evagaria Hulst and inceptaria than argillacearia. SOME ROCKY MOUNTAIN ANDRENID BEES. BY T. D. A. COCKERELL, BOULDER, COLORADO. Andrena cyanura, sp. n. 2 .—Length about 12 mm.; black, with the abdomen shining dark blue; hair of head and thorax abundant, mainly very pale ochreous or white, with an ochreous tint, but black at sides of face, on lower part of clypeus, on front,-vertex anteriorly, cheeks, posterior part of mesothorax and pleura except upper part; sides of metathorax with copious entirely pale hair; facial quadrangle much broader than long; process of labrum very broadly rounded; clypeus strongly and closely punctured, with a median raised line; facial foveee dark chocolate, broad, ending a little below level of top of clypeus; antenne dark, third joint a little longer than next two together; mesothorax entirely dull, with small punctures; area of metathorax granular, defined by absence of hair; tegule black; wings strongly brownish;- stigma rather small, ferruginous, with a dark fuscous margin; nervures fuscous; second s. m. very broad, receiving first r. n. at or near middle; legs with black or sooty hair, floccus on hind trochanters white; hind femora with long white hair on upper side; tibial scopa with stiff, nearly straight. hair; abdomen without bands, dorsally almost without hair, shining, without distinct punctures; dense hair at apex black; second segment depressed about a third. Hab.—Troublesome, Colorado, 2 @'s at flowers of Salix, June 8, 1908 (S. A. Rohwer). A remarkable species, superficially like A. vicina, but easily known by the blue impunctate abdomen. From A. lawrencei V. & C., it is known by the larger size and black thorax. Also at Troublesome, on the same day, Mr. Rohwer took A. vierecki Ckll. at flowers of Amelanchier. July, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 253 Andrena hirticincta surda, Ckll. This was described from Colorado, the precise locality un- known. Mr. S. A. Rohwer took a male at flowers of Polygonum, along with a female A. vierecki CkIl., at Boulder, Colo., Aug. 24, 1908. The occurrence of viereckt, a spring species, on this date is surprising, and seems to indicate a second brood. Andrena pertarda, CkIl. A female was taken at Meeker, Colorado, Aug. 7, 1909 (Terry Duce). Andrena apacheorum, CkIl. This occurs in Colorado; Green Mountain Falls, August (J. W. Frey). Andrena tacitula grossularie, V. & C. Only the male has been described. I took a female at flowers of Prunus melanocarpa, Florissant, Colo., June 24. It looks like A. cyanophila, but is quite distinct by the less broadly depressed second abdominal segment, the details of area of metathorax, and colour of hair on hind tarsi. It isalsonearto A. salicifloris, but the metathorax is different. Clypeus very densely and coarsely punc- tured, with a smooth median line; facial fovee narrow, separated from eye only by a shining line, extending far below level of an- tenne; third antennal joint about as long as the two following together; flagellum largely red beneath, broadly so apically; mesothorax and scutellum strongly and densely punctured, but disc of mesothorax posteriorly shining between the more widely separated punctures; area of metathorax with strong longitudinal ruge; stigma dark reddish; hair of head and thorax above fox-red; abdomen shining, well punctured, second segment depressed a little more than half; second to fourth segments with yellowish white hair-bands at sides; hair at apex fawn colour; hair on inner side of tarsi light reddish. Andrena nigritarsis, V. & C. Mr. S. A. Rohwer took both sexes at flowers of Opulaster ramaleyi; at Boulder, May 23; also a female, June 1. The species is close to A. fragariana Graen., but larger; it has the venational 254 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST and other characters of typical Micrandrena. The male has the tegument of the face entirely black, and the long flagellum is obscurely brownish beneath. Andrena candidiformis, V. & C. The facial quadrangle is broader than long, not the reverse, as stated in the original description. Halictus cyaneiceps, sp. n. 2 (Type).—Length 8-9 mm.; black, with the front and upper part of.sides of face more or less distinctly bluish, contrasting with the pure black clypeus and supraclypeal area; pubescence dull white, forming broad bands at bases of abdominal segments; clypeus little produced; antenne black; mesothorax shining and sparsely punctured on disc posteriorly; scutellum shining, with punctures of different sizes; area of metathorax dull, finely rough- ened, basally obscurely sublineolate, at apical middle there is a depression; posterior truncation not distinctly defined; tegule piceous; wings greyish hyaline, stigma and nervures dusky amber colour; punctures of abdomen excessively minute; hind spur with short blunt teeth. o.—Length hardly 8 mm.; face broad; clypeus shining, with a broad creamy-white band; flagellum long, marked with ferru- ginous beneath; area of metathorax shining apically; tarsi dark brown. Hab.—Rio Ruidoso, New Mexico (C. H. T. Townsend); the type taken at flowers of Heliopsis scabra, July 31, alt. prox. 6500 ft.; also found (both sexes) on flowers of Potentilla thurberi, July 31, and on July 20, at 6900 ft., at flowers of Verbascum thapsus. South Fork Eagle Creek, New Mexico, at flowers of Sicyos parviftorus, Aug. 18, at 8000 ft., and Aug. 19, at 8250 ft. (C. H. T. Townsend). I have had H. cyaneiceps a number of years, and have referred it with hesitation to H. bardus Cresson and to H. forbesii Rob. IJt is. very closely related to forbesii, but distinguished by the bluish front of the female and dark tarsi of the male. I have not described the structure in detail, where it agreed with H. forbesti. The male is very like that of H. trizonatus Cress, but is readily distinguished by the broad, short head. Male trizonatus was taken on Potentilla thurberi at the same time and place as cyaneiceps, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST DS NOTES AND. QUERIES. A JAPANESE BuG NEw To NEw JERSEY (Hemip.). During the latter part of the summer of 1915 an cutbreak of “ace bugs”’ occurred on hardy azaleas growing in widely separated parts of New Jersey, notably at Rutherford, Riverton, Arlington, Palmyra and Far Hills. At some of these places the damage was quite severe, much of the foliage being Icst and the remainder discoloured and brown. Through the courtesy of Dr. L. O. Howard, the species was identified by Mr. Otto Heidemann as Stephanitis azalee Horv., of the family Tingitida. Mr. Heidemann also said that this insect was first observed in the United States by Dr. Chittenden several years ago at Washington, D. C., on azalea plants from Holland, the bugs being imported there from Japan. Most of the infested azaleas in New Jersey came originally direct from Japan. For the past several years Azalea amena var. Hino- degiri has been a favorite with New Jersey importers, and this was the variety against which most of the bugs directed their attacks. The species was described in 1912 by Dr. G. Horvath in the xX Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarisi, p. 333, Budapest, Austria. Harry B. Wetss, New Brunswick, N. J. A STATE’S INSECTS AND TUEIR ACTIVITIES. BY HARRY B. WEISS, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. According to Smith's Insects of New Jersey, and other papers dealing with the insect fauna of that State, the number of species listed trom New Jersey is about 10,530. Considering them collec- tively, and ina general way, it is interesting to know what they are doing. Are most of them injurious to vegetation? Are many bene- ficial? and so on, are the questions which naturally arise when so many species are considered. Such inquiries can best be answered by charting the actual proportions of each group engaged in differ- ent lines of work. This has been done on the accompanying chart. The large circle indicates what proportion of the total numer of all species found in New Jersey is occupied by each of the important orders. Thesmaller circles indicate the predominating activities of each of the main groups, these activities being separated as: insects injurious to vertebrates, those feeding upon or injurious to vegeta- tion, predatory species, scavengers and parasites. It would be possible, of course, to have a larger number of divisions, but many 256 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST would complicate matters considerably and make the chart difficult ° J a . . to follow. As it stands, one_can obtain a general idea as to what LEPIDOPT=RA, 2 HOMOPTERA, 507 SPECISS IOSS0 SPECIES POUND IN UseWw Josmet ESTEROPTSRA, 411 SPECIES HYLENOPTERA,2005 SPECIES VEGETATION ORTHOPTZRA, 149 SPECIES SPECIES COLEOPTERA, SIO8 SPECIES ALL OTHER ORDERS.516 SPECIzS Fig. 9. the insects belonging to each order are doing. It is a noteworthy fact that almost one half of the species of insects, which we have in our midst, are engaged in useful activities. > Mailed July 12th, 1916, |G he Ganaliay sutomalogist. Vou. XEVIT. LONDON, AUGUST, 1916 No. 8 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. A Few Days tn NEWFOUNDLAND. BY E. M. WALKER, TORONTO. (Continued from page 221.) On my fourth day at Spruce Brook I crossed the lake in a skiff, and, following the directions of Mr. Whittington, started on the trail to Beaver Pond, a small lake surrounded by dense woods, which I reached after a few minutes’ walk. Here I was equipped with a canoe, kept by the proprietors of the Log Cabin Hotel for the use of fishing parties, and I was thus able to explore all parts of the lake with ease. I found but one marshy spot of any con- siderable size, at the head of the lake, where it was fed by a cold trout stream. At this spot there were a few damsel-flies and two or three Leucorrhinias flitting over the lily-pads and pond-weeds, but no species was present in even moderately large numbers. Five kinds of damsel-flies were taken here, viz., Enallagma calverti, E. ebrium, Cenagrion resolutum, C. interrogatum and Ischnura verticalis Say, the last named species being new to Newfoundland, though a very common insect in Eastern Canada and the United States. Of C. interrogatum I took but one more specimen. The others were not uncommon. Of larger forms our familiar Libellula quadrimaculata L., found almost everywhere in Canada, as well as in the Old World, was the only species taken at this spot, the Leucorrhinias having been frightened away, but a pair of exuvie of Mshna canadensis, E. Walk., found upon a tangle of algee, furnished another record for Newfoundland, although the only adult A‘shnas I saw at the lake were two or three large blue forms, which I feel sure were A. eremita Scudd. just after leaving the marsh, I was attracted by a clear-winged dragonfly, evidently a Corduliine, speeding along a few feet above the water and closely following the shore-line. I took up a pcsition 258 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST in the shelter of a bush and waited for a chance to strike with the net from behind. In a few minutes I had netted a male of Cordulia shurtleffi Scudd, and soon afterwards I had several more. This is a beautiful insect with a bronze-green body and brilliant green eyes. It is a very characteristic northern species, common across Canada to Vancouver Island. I also took here a fine male of Somatochlora cingulata Selys, the first I had ever seen. With its dark bronze body, with white transverse abdominal lines and bright green eyes, it looks very like a large form of S. albicincta, but it is much less common. It was the last dragonfly I captured in Newfoundland, as I was now obliged to return to the hotel, and, on the same day, to start on my homeward journey. I have made several allusions to the scarcity of dragonflies in the vicinity of Spruce Brook. How are we to account for such a scarcity under apparently favourable conditions? Of course, there are good and bad years for dragonflies, as for everything else, but | am inclined to believe that some other cause than the usual seasonal ones was operating here. It is worthy of note that all the lakes and ponds where I collected were connected with trout streams, and it is well known that brook trout feed upon dragon-fly larve. Beaver Pond, particularly, teems with trout, and is a favourite place for trout-fishing. I saw numbers of finger- lings at the spot when I collected most of my dragonflies. It is - therefore a possibility that the scarcity of dargonflies in this locality was due, in part at least, to the abundance of brook trout. There appeared to be a similar scarcity of other aquatic insects, very few caddis-flies, e.g., having been observed. The little dark Mystacides sepulchralis was rather common about Beaver Pond, but the only other species noted were a few speci- mens of a Limnephilid, not yet determined, and a single example of the large Glyphotelius hostilis, found in a spider's web. Like most of the dragonflies noted, this species ranges widely across the continent in the north. Diptera and Hymenoptera seemed to be fairly plentiful at Spruce Brook, in individuals if not in species, though little effort | was made to collect them. One of the best places to obtain them was a glass-covered passage connecting two parts of the Log THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 259 Cabin Hotel. As the doors were kept open, these insects entered in large numbers and collected on the window-panes. The most numerous were the flies, though a large proportion of these were ordinary blue-bottles (Calliphora erythrocephala) and allied forms, such as Lucilia cesar and Cynomyopsis cadaverina.'. An undeter- mined Anthomyid was very common, but no_ house-flies were seen. Syrphididee were numerous, the following species having been taken here and elsewhere in the vicinity: Sericomyia chalcopyga Lw., Syrphus ribesii L., S. torvus O. S., S. geniculatus Macq., S. umbellatarum Sch., Spherophoria cylindrica Say., Xylota vecors O. S., Temnostoma equale Lw., T. alternans and Eristalis meigenit Wied.” Of Hymenoptera wasps were plentiful and included at least three species of Vespa, viz., V. consobrina, borealis and diabolica. Bumblebees were abundant in the bushy clearings and roadways, but nearly all belonged to the characteristic Newfoundland species, Bombus bolsteri Franklin, though I took also B. borealis. The large leaf-cutter bee, Megachile vidua was also occasionally seen, but no attempt was made to collect the smaller bees, nor, in fact, any of the Hymenoptera, the few captures made being quite incidental. These few included two saw-flies, Macrophya trisyllaba and Trichiosoma lanuginosum, a large Cimbicid, which I have taken as far west as Banff, Alta.; a horntail, Urocerus flavicornis; a long- tailed ichneumon-fly, Rhyssa albomaculata, both of similar wide distribution, and a smaller member of the same family, Jchnewmon feralis. The other orders of insects were also of necessity left un- molested. They seemed to be equally poorly represented, the scarcity of butterflies being particularly noticeable. I had ex- pected to pick up a few interesting northern forms, of such genera as Oeneis, Brenthis and Eurymus, but saw only a few of our com- monest Canadian species, such as Brenthis myrina and Euvanessa antiopa. Of course, no conclusions can be drawn from such fragmentary observations as these, as to the extent of the insect fauna of Spruce 1. Determinations by C. H. T. Townsend. 2. Determinations by M. C. Van Duzee (except T. aliernans). 260 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Brook, much less that of Newfoundland, but my general impres- sion was that of a fauna poor in species, not only of insects, but of other animal groups. The evidence for this seemed to be fairly definite as regards the Orthoptera, and it is well-known to be true of some of the vertebrate groups. There are no native reptiles nor Amphibia in Newfoundland, and many of the characteristic Canadian mammals are absent, e.g., the Moose, Wapiti, Brown Bear (Ursus richardsoni), the Sciuride, or squirrel family. etc. Inthe small streams I saw only trout and stickleback;no minnows, nor other Cyprinoids, and no crayfish. The absence of these animals, or some of them, has been ex- plained as a result of the Glacial Period, during which Newfound- land, already separate from the continent of North America, was independently glaciated or partially covered by an ice-sheet of its own. Asa result, its fauna has been in large measure extermin- ated, instead of being pushed farther south, as on the mainland, and the re-establishment of such exterminated species on the return of favourable conditions has been in many cases impossible. A faunistic study of Newfoundland is a great desideratum, especially of those groups of animals to whose natural means of distribution a short distance over sea acts as a barrier. “Such, for example, are flightless insects, or those incapable of sustained flight, e.g., many Orthoptera, most vertebrates except birds, exclusively fresh-water fishes, the larger Crustacea, land and fresh-water Mollusca, etc. It is among these same groups, except the Mollusca, that we have already noted evidence of a paucity of species. As regards the Mollusca, I have practically no data at hand. I found a few land and fresh-water forms, including a single Mussel (Anodonia sp.), which was common in Beaver Pond, a few fresh-water snails, such as the common Planorbis campan- ulatus, and a few land forms, of which the large Succinea ovalis was very plentiful. I also picked up Pyramidula cronkhitei anthony, a little striated form common almost everywhere in Canada, Agriolimax agrestis, a common garden slug, introduced from Europe, and Helix, hortensis. This last form, already recorded — from Newfoundland by Prof. Cockerell, is a species of very inter- esting distribution, occuring on the eastern coast of North America s THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 261 and the adjacent islands, from New England to Labrador, in Greenland, Iceland and Western Europe. It is one of the forms whose distribution supports the theory of former connections between these land-masses. My trip to Newfoundland, from the dragonfly standpoint, was certainly not a success, yet I left the island very reluctantly, realizing more keenly than ever before, that on a long trip to a strange locality one must be prepared to remain there long enough to find the conditions of environment most favourable to the group one is collecting or studying, and to be reasonably sure of a fair proportion of good weather. APHIDIDA FOUND ON THE APPLE IN BRITAIN AND THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES FROM AFRICA. BY F. V. THEOBALD, M.A. (Continued from page 242.) Phorodon humuli Schrank. Aphis humuli Schrank. Aphis mahaleb Koch. Aphis pruni-mahaleb Fonscolombe. Humifex Amyot. Aphis pruni Scopoli? Schrank, Fn. Boica, II, 110n, 1199, 1801. Kaltenbach, Mono. Pflanz., p. 36, 1843. Walker, Ann. Nat. Hist., Se. 2, VI, p. 120, 98, 1850. Koch, Die Pflanz., p. 113, 47, figs. 150-151, pl. X XI, 1857. Fonscolombe, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., X, 175, 15, 187? Amyot, Ann. Soc. ‘Ent. Fr., 2 Se., V, p. 477, 1872: Buckton, Mono. Brit. Aph., I, p. 166, pls. XXX and XXX], figs. 1-4, 1887. Theobald, Insect and Allied Pests Fruit, pp. 247-252, figs. 181-183, 1908. Theobald, Rept. Eco: Zool. year 1911, pp. 33-34, 1912. Scopoli, Ent. Carn., 138, 406, 1763? This well known hop and prune aphid has been found by me once on apple. It was not only living on the apple foliage, but August, 1916 262 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST was reproducing and developed large colonies at Wye in August and September 1911, which gave rise to an alate brood which migrated during the latter month. It is possible that Scopoli's Aphis pruni is this insect. Aphis pomonella nov. sp. Alate viviparous female: Antenne shorter than body; first segment larger than the second; third a little longer than the fourth, shorter than the sixth, with 5 to 6 round sensoria along its whole length; fourth about the same length as the fifth, the latter with normal sub-apical sensorium; sixth about as long as fourth and fifth, its basal area ~ half as long as the flagellum. All the segments imbricated, the two basal ones dark; base of third and basal half of fourth paler. Head with slight lateral tubercles and slightly raised in the middle. Proboscis reaching to the third coxa, acuminate. Pronotum with lateral papilla. Head apparently brownish and green. Eyes A | ; by Fig. 9.—A phis pomonelia nov. sp. A, Head and antenna of alate viviparous female; a, head of another specimen, B, A. kochii; b, hind tibia. C, Siphocoryne avenae; c, hind tibia. dark. Thoracic lobesdark. Abdomen apparently greenish with three large, dark lateral spots before the cornicles. Cornicles moderately long, black, slightly swelling towards the base, markedly imbricated and serrated laterally. Cauda blackish, about half the length of the cornicles, spinose with three pairs of lateral hairs. Anal plate dark, spinose, with two long, apical hairs on each side. .acumuinaté..; il iocunwibaees Celioxys, Lat. NotE.—The author submitted the above paper to Prof. T. D. A. Cockerell, who made some suggestions, most of which have been adopted. SOME BEES IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM. BY 2. Ds “A: “COCKERELE, BOULDER, COLORADO. Andrena (Opandrena) ricardonis sp. n. o&.—Length 9 mm; black, the clypeus lemon yellow. with two black spots; hair of face, front and thoracic dorsum long and fulvous, of cheeks and underside of thorax pallid but not white; head broader than thorax; cheeks very broad, shining, obtusely subangulate below level of middle of eye; malar space almost obsolete; mandibles long, but not so much produced at end as in A. flavoclypeata; yellow clypeus higher in proportion to its width than in flavoclypeata, the yellow not approaching eyes at sides; front dull, sides of vertex shining; antenne long, third joint longer than . fourth, but not nearly as long as four and five combined; flagellum light fulvous beneath; disc of mesothorax and scutellum shining, with very sparse and minute punctures; area of metathorax small, triangular, rugose, the apical part smoother but not polished; tegule dark reddish; wings greyish, stigma rather small, dull amber, nervures dusky testaceous; b. n. meeting t. m.; second s. m. narrow, receiving first r. n. near its end; first t. c. not near stigma; legs slender, with hind margin of hind tibiz, and all the tarsi, ferruginous; abdomen shining, with only very indistinct piliferous punctures, hind margins of second and following segments with August, 1916 i i. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 273 narrow ochreous hair bands, interrupted on second; apical plate (eighth ventral) broadly truncate. Hab.—vVernon, British Columbia, June 9, 1902 (Miss Ricardo); British Museum. Allied to A. trevoris Ckll., but dis- tinct by the colour of the antennz and pubescence; possibly, how- ever, a subspecies. : At Shorts Point, Okanagan Lake, B. C., June 28, 1902, Miss Ricardo took A. medionitens Ckll., a form with the abdominal hair bands clear white. Nomada vicinalis aldrichi Ckll. Male.—Vernon, B. C., May 15, 1902 (Miss Ricardo), Brit. Museum. New to British America. Nomada illinoensis Rob. Male——Boston, Mass., Brit. Museum. Nomada custeriana CkIl. Male.—West Cliff, Colo., May 19, 1889, (Cockerell), Brit. Museum. The specimen still carries my number 9, which shows that it is one of two specimens captured; the other, determined by Ashmead as JN. parata, is in the U. S. National Museum, and is the type of N. custeriana. The species has not been collected since. Nomada vernonensis sp. n. o'.—Length about 9 mm; robust, the head and thorax dull and rough (the face somewhat glistening), with erect dull white hair; head broad, vertex elevated, eyes pale grey; head and thorax black (with no red), the thorax with tubercles yellow, but no other light markings; mandibles (except rufous ends, which are simple), labrum (which has an apical patch of hair, but no tooth), band on lower margin of clypeus (narrowest in middle), and narrow lateral facemarks (shaped like the head and slender neck of a bird, upside down, ending narrowly but abruptly about level of antenne), all bright yellow; posterior orbits wholly black; antenna long, robust, not denticulate, third joint conspicuously shorter than fourth, but much more than half its length; scape black and red, hardly swollen; flagellum bright ferruginous, the basal half heavily 274 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST marked with black above; area of metathorax rugose, but apically with a pair of shining bosses; tegule large, pale testaceous, black at base, and with a yellow mark posteriorly; wings clear, with a brownish apical cloud; stigma and nervures ferruginous; b. n. going well basad of t. m.; second s. m. extremely broad, receiving first r. n. far beyond middle; third s. m. above about half as broad as second; tibia and tarsi bright red, the anterior and middle tibiae with a black spot behind; anterior and middle femora red, largely black beneath and at base; hind femora black, with apex and more than apical half above black; abdomen clear ferruginous; first segment with basal half black except a V-shaped red mark in middle; band on first segment, notched in middle, extremely large but widely separated patches on second, large patches on third (pointed and approaching in middle), and bands on 4 to 6, bright yellow, the bands enclosing or nearly enclosing red spots at sides posteriorly; apical plate notched; venter red, with a large deeply bilobed black basal patch, and a small yellow spot beyond middle. Hab.—Vernon, British Columbia, April 15, 1902 (Miss Ricardo), Brit. Muss4um. A relative of N. illinoensis Rob., but much larger, and with the abdomen richly coloured. In the table of Rocky Mountain species it runs to 47, but is not related to the species there indicated. SOME NORTHERN GEORGIA ACRIDIIDA.* BY H. A. ALLARD, BUREAU OF PLANT INDUSTRY, WASHINGTON, D. C. Of the musical Orthoptera, the Acridiidae in many respects represent a less highly specialized group. Their limited musical abilities, at least, would rank them far below the more highly specialized and musical Locustide and Gryllide. At best, their stridulations are hardly more than a brief lisping, or a noisy crepitation. Some of the Acridiide while at rest produce, at intervals, a few monotonous lispings by sawing the hind femora *Mr. A. N. Caudell; of the U.S. National Museum, has kindly attended to the identification or verification of all Orthoptera collected and listed in this paper. August, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 215 against the edges of the folded tegmina. Others are capable of stridulating only during flight, and produce a noisy clatter which is anything but musical. Members of the Acridiide are strictly creatures of the sunlight and with darkness all become inactive and silent. I have never yet heard the note of any Acridian after darkness has set in. These interesting grasshoppers are also almost strictly terrestrial, and generally prefer open fields and pastures where they can find an abundance of bright sunshine and unlimited room for their noisy aerial performances. Whatever the true significance may be, the predominance of green, brown and black in the coloration of the Acridiida seems to indicate that these colours may have a more or less protective value. The brighter colours, which may be very beautifully patterned, are usually confined to the thin, parchment-like under wings, and are thoroughly concealed by the tegmina when the insect is at rest. Among the Acridiide there are many species which possess no powers of stridulations Notwithstanding this, these insects in many other ways are very interesting. Smallest of all the Acridiide and among the most interesting are the odd-shaped grouse-locusts. These tiny creatures, which leap almost as actively as fleas, are exceedingly difficult to discern in their natural environ- ment of earth and dead vegetation. As one sweeps a net over the surface of the dry leaves in the woods there is an audible rustling as the tiny creatures hop about very much like tiny toads. At rest, their odd little bodies and sombre hues of greys, yellows and: browns assimilate them perfectly with the mottled carpet of dried leaves, grasses, pebbles, bits of dead bark and woods among which they dwell. Most of the Acridiidz mentioned in this paper were observed in the vicinity of a small settlement in Jackson County known as Thompson’s Mills, and situated about five miles west of Hoschton, near the intersection of the counties of Hall, Gwinnett and Jackson. Tettix arenosus Burm. This grouse-locust is probably a com- mon species at Thompson’s Mills. It is found among dry leaves in upland woods. Tettix hancocki var. abbreviatus Hancock. This sombre-hued 276 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST little insect is common in the short grass of dry, upland pastures at Thompson’s Mills. Such localities are more or less interspersed with young pines. Here I have found only the form with the short pronotum (abbreviatus). These grasshoppers are strictly terrestrial, and leap about in the short, scanty grass where their dull colours and mottled patterns make them very inconspicuous. These insects appear to be without stridulatory powers. Tettigidea lateralis Burm. This grouse-locust is considerably larger than the preceding, and is not uncommon at Thompson’s Mills. It occurs in the short grass of dry, upland fields and pastures in late summer in company with the preceding species. The var. polymorpha, Burm., occurs in similar situations. Paratettix cucullatus Burm. Among leaves on sunny, thinly wooded slopes and banks near brooks, etc. Probably common at Thompson’s Mills. Nomotettix compressus Morse. Probably common at Thomp- son’s Mills. It occurs on banks, in pastures, open woods, ete. Neotettix rotundifrons Hancock.- In upland pastures and sunny, thickly wooded hillsides. Tryxalis brevicornis (L). This somewhat cone-headed Acridian seems to be locally distributed and not common at Thompson’s Mills. I found it in only one locality among some rank meadow grasses bordering a small stream. Here only a few individuals were observed and these were exceedingly difficult to approach or capture, owing to their shy habits and rapid flight. No note has been observed for this species. Eritettix carinatus Scudd. I first met this little Acridian early in April at Thompson’s Mills, in an old pasture grown up to broom grass. It does not appear to be common in this locality. It keeps well down in the grass, moving about occasionally to stridulate. If it leaps and alights near the top of a grass stalk, it moves backward down the stalk until near the ground. Its notes are faint, lisping phrases of a few seconds duration, and are at intervals repeated six or eight times in quick succession: sic-a- sic-a-SiC-a-SiC-a-SiC-a-Sic—SiC-a-sic-a-sic-a-siC—Sic-a-siC-a-siC-a-SIC-a- sic. This grasshopper is most active when the sun is shining. Its notes resemble those of Stenobothrus curtipennis very much, THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 207 and are produced in the same manner by sawing both thighs simultaneously upon the edges of the tegmina. Orphulella pratorum Scudder. In dry fields and pastures in upland situations, Thompson’s Mills. I have recognized no: stridulation for this grasshopper. Chortophaga viridifasciata De Geer. This dimorphic species is exceedingly common at Thompson’s Mills, and is the earliest to appear in March. It is generally distributed, being found in alfalfa fields, dry pastures, etc. The brown form, infuscata, is equally abundant. The notes of this insect are a noisy crackling produced during flight. Hippiscus rugosus Scudder. Very common in dry pastures and old fields at Thompson’s Mills. A most clumsy, inactive locust and readily captured. It seems to have no distinct stridula- tion. Dissosteira carolina L. This-widely distributed grasshopper is a very common one at Thompson’s Mills. It shows every- where a preference for the bare soil of roadsides and fields. In such situations its dull gray and brown mottlings make it almost appear a part of the naked soils upon which it alights. The notes of this grasshopper are most peculiar. It ascends a few feet above the ground and, hovering in mid-air for some seconds, flutters its wings and produces a continuous lisping note. This mid-air performance is quite distinct from the usual flights of this insect, which are nearly or quite noiseless. Trimerotropis citrina Scudder. This insect is a common one at Thompson’s Mills, perferring the bare soil of roadsides and cultivated fields as does Dissosteira carolina. I have recognized no note. Schistocerca americana Drury. This is a common grasshopper at Thompson’s Mills, occurring almost entirely in dry situations in the vegetation of fields and in weeds and cotton plants. It isa shy species, and possesses vigorous powers of flight. Except for a rustling of the ample, transparent wings during flight, it has no definite stridulation. Schistocerca alutacea Harris is less common than the preceding. It prefers the tall weeds and grasses of old fields. Its flight, like 278 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST that of the preceding, is vigorous and unaccompanied by any definite notes or stridulation. Schistocerca damnifica Saussure. A common grasshopper at Thompson’s Mills, occurring in upland fields and along roads. It is especially common in cotton fields. Unlike the two preceding species of this genus, which usually rest upon weeds or other vegetation, this species prefers to rest upon the bare earth. If frightened, it flies away silently and then may alight upon cotton or other plants. It seems to have no note. The almost uniformly reddish-brown colour of Schistocerca damnifica makes it quite indistinguishable from the red-land soils of northern Georgia. This insect appears rather late in summer. Melanoplus scudderi Uhler. In early October, 1910, I found this short-winged grasshopper very common in the short grass and leaves in thin woods in certain dry, upland situations. At first sight one is ready to consider it only a nymph from its almost wingless appearance. It is an active insect and leaps readily when disturbed. Its dark gray and brown coloration make it very inconspicuous among the leaves, sticks and bogs of its native environment. It does not appear to be an open field species in this locality. Here its abundance seems to be very variable with different seasons. Melanoplus femoratus Burm. Not uncommon at Thompson’s Mills, in old fields. I have recognized no note. Melanoplus atlanis Riley. This grasshopper is a very common species at Thompson's Mills, occurring in all upland fields and pastures, together with Melanoplus femur-rubrum, De Geer. I have observed no stridulation. Melanoplus punctulatus Scudder. A very common species in all upland fields at Thompson’s Mills, together with M. femur- rubrum. 1 have identified no note which it may produce. Melanoplus femur-rubrum De Geer. An exceedingly common grasshopper at Thompson’s Mills, in all upland situations, but especially so in grassy pastures. Its flight is noiseless and I have noted no stridulations while at rest. Scudder says he has seen the male sawing on its tegmina with its femur, but could detect no noise. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 279 Syrbula admirabilis Uhler is also a very common Acridian at Thompson’s Mills, especially in the dry fields grown up to broom grass. The male is rather musical, producing a weak, lisping stridulation at intervals—s-s-s-s—s-s-s-s-s-s-s, by sawing the hind femur upon the edges of the tegmina. Arphia xanthoptera Burm. A common locust in old fields at Thompson’s Mills. The notes are a loud, harsh crackling, accom- panying their flights across the fields. Arphia sulphurea Fabr. In fields, pastures, etc. A noisy crepitation during flight is the only method of stridulation. Spharagemon bolli Scudder. Very common in old fields at Thompson’s Mills and in pastures. It has been observed that this grasshopper sometimes hovers in air and produces a rustling note similar to the habit of Dissosteira carolina, but I have not witnessed this myself. The usual note isarattling noise during flight. The Acridtide confine their habitat almost entirely to the ground stratum, whether in wood or in field. Few species regularly prefer the true herbage or shrub stratum of vegetation, as do many members of the Locustidae and Gryllida. Even those species which appear to prefer wooded situations confine themselves to the more open, sparsely grassy areas as Melanoplus scuddert and some of the Tettigine. I have found no species inhabiting deep woods where the ground is hidden with dense herbage. Orthoptera of all kinds are uncommon in such situations. Tryxalis brevicornis perhaps belongs more strictly to the true herbage stratum of vegetation than any other species listed in this paper. The species of Schistocerca, i.e., americana, alutacea and damnifica, do not confine themselves strictly to the ground stratum, nor can they be considered truly members of the herb and shrub strata. They are somewhat elastic in their habits, however, and ‘show a more marked tendency to choose the habitat of the higher leaf and shrub strata occasionally, than do most Acridude. This does not by any means complete the list of Acridians probably occurring at Thompson’s Mills, but many years of patient study and collecting must be pursued to determine the Orthoptera inhabitating any region, and to become familiar with their habits and stridulations. 280 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A REVIEW OF THE PTEROCOMMINI (Apuipipz Hom.). BY A. C. BAKER, WASHINGTON, D.C.* A few years ago the writer undertook a study of the Pterocom- mini. In this he was helped, in her usual: generous manner, by Doctor Patch, who sent slides of some different species, and by Professor Gillette, who loaned the writer slides of the specimens he had. The recent paper by Wilson (1915) on this tribe has called the writer’s attention again to the species. It seems worth while, therefore, to publish a few notes on the group, since the writer’s study showed some points at variance with the results published by Wilson, and since Ptlero- comma populifolie Fitch should be reinstated. ‘ In regard to the genera, the writer believes Wilson’s view correct, but in regard to species interpretation he is unable to agree with him. These points of difference will be noted under the species. Pterocomma populea (Kalt.). Two American species are made synonyms of this by Wilson. They are beulahensis Ckll., and rufulus Davidson. Rufulus as indicated by specimens from Davidson is quite a different species. The cornicles of populea from Spandau, Prussia, are about equal in length to the hind tarsi. In rufulus, however, the cornicles are nearly twice the length of the hind tarsi, bearing about the same ratio as do those of bicolor Oest. Although rufulus proves to be distinct from populea, it becomes a synonym of populifolie Fitch, a species not mentioned by Wilson. Pterocomma populifoliz (Fitch). - Populifolie was described in 1851, and Fitch’s notes give the following numbers as representing the species: Nos. 6118-6121, Nos. 9292-9302 and No. 3712. These are Fitch’s personal numbers; not the State Cabinet numbers. Of these numbers the following *Published by permission of the Chief of the Bureau of Entomology. August, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 281 are now present in the National Museum collection: 9292, 9293, 9297, 9390 and 9301. A study of these specimens shows that rufulus agrees with populifolie Fitch. Oestlund (1887) considered Fitch’s species to be a Chaitophorus, and so described his populi- folie. Davis (1910) considered it an Aphis, and described another species under the name. Both of these writers expressed doubt as to their determination. In the writer's opinion, populifolie stands as a good species, easily distinguished from populea by the relative lengths of the cornicles and tarsi. The measurements for the alate viviparous female of this species average: Antenne III, 0.64 mm.; IV, 0.368 mm.; V, 0.336 mm.; VI, base and unguis (0.192 mm.+0.288 mm.) ; cornicle, 0.352 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.24 mm. Specimens taken on Popof Island, Alaska, and determined as populea by Pergande, are certainly populifolie. Pergande concluded that both Kaltenbach and Koch were wrong in stating the cornicles of populea to be cylindrical, and he was of the opinion that, “in fact, they are clavate.’’ So, indeed, they are in populifolie, but the cornicles of populea are very plainly cylindrical, and in this regard Koch’s figure is excellent and the descriptions of Kaltenbach and Koch exact. The Pergande Alaska specimens, now in the collection of the Bureau of Entomology, show the following measurements for the alate viviparous female: Antenne III 0.656 mm.; IV, 0.4 mm.; V, 0.384 mm.; VI (0.208 + 0.384 mm.); cornicles, 0.88 mm; hind tarsus, 0.25 mm. It will be seen that these measurements agree almost exactly with those given by Wilson for populea. But he gives no measure- ments of the hind tarsus. It will be seen also that these specimens agree with populifolie Fitch, and it is the writer’s opinion that the specimens measured by Wilson were specimens of populifolie Fitch. Specimens of American populea show that species to be very different from populifolie. This is most apparent in com- paring the cornicles and hind tarsi. Measurements for the alate viviparous female of this species are as follows: Antenne III, 0.608 mm.: IV, 0.256 mm.; V, 0.24 mm.; VI (0.128 mm. + 0.144) mm.; cornicles, 0.192 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.192 mm. These figures indicate clearly the striking difference between the two species. 282 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Now specimens of populea from Europe agree exactly in measurements, etc., with American specimens, excepting that the unguis of segment VI is very slightly longer. Moreover, the ex- amples of both species have a much more cylindrical cornicle than have the specimens of populifolig. The writer is therefore con- sidering these American specimens to be populea. The European examples have segment VI usually about (0.128 mm. + 0.17 mm.). In regard to pilosa Buckton, the writer has never had an opportunity to study forms supposed to be this species. From the description given by Buckton, it would seem very much as if he had two species before him. His apterous forms would very well agree with populea, whereas his alate form seems to be populifolie, or a species near it. This will be seen from the measurements he gives for the cornicles in the two forms. Since Pergande, who had seen the type, placed pilosa as perhaps the same as his populea, this would also tend to indicate that Buckton’s alate form is populifolie Fitch. Pterocomma beulahensis (CkIl.). The measurements given for this species by Cockerell would make it very difficult to include it under populea. It has, however, the cornicles about equal in length to the hind tarsi. The type slide of the species is now in the National Museum collection, and on it are mounted four alate specimens. These show some variation in the sixth antennal segment. One antenna measures for (0.176 mm.+0.336 mm.), and one (0.16 mm.+0.32 mm.). It will be seen that this proportion is very different from that of populea. A more prominent character, however, is met with in the beak. In all our specimens of populea the beak is long, reaching beyond the hind coxa, sometimes even to the base of the cornicles, or very near them. The beak in beulahensis is much shorter, extending hardly to the hind coxz, sometimes not reaching them. The cornicles are somewhat swollen, a character ‘which is not so evident in populea. Moreover, beulahensis is more elongate, having the general look of populifolie, whereas populea has a shorter, “‘bulkier’’ appearance. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 283 Pterocomma salicis (L.). Under this species Wilson discusses the forms determined as salicis L. in this country. He concludes that the species does not occur here, and considers the cornicle the distinguishing character. While the cornicles figured by him are very distinct, the writer has examined both American and European specimens in which the cornicles are almost identical. They are not only the same in shape, but the measurements are the same, and a range in variation between the two types is met with in European material. It is not probable that two European species are confused since the variation was seen in aphides collected from one colony in France. Another point of resemblance is the bright orange colour of the cornicles in both European and American forms. It is true that the cornicles of American forms seldom show the distinct bulging met with in salicis, but with the variation in the European form, and with the two forms showing the same measurements, it seems hardly possible to separate them on this character of the cornicles. Both European and American forms, moreover, show a more or less distinct dusky bordering to the wing veins. In an attempt to find some other character to back up the variation in the European cornicle and so to separate the American form, the writer has measured a large series of apterous forms. These have shown no differences. The European form shows more variation in the antennal segments, the third segment par- ticularly being sometimes longer in the European than in the American form. In others, however, they are exactly the same, and this is more often the case than otherwise. This variation in the antennal segments does not seem to be, therefore, any definite character upon which the two species can be separated with cer- tainty. In the meantime, therefore, the writer prefers to hold salicis for the American forms. Measurements of the alate viviparous female of both American and European specimens will show their remarkable similarity in this respect. 3 eurapeay: Antennz III, 0.72 mm.; IV, 0.464 mm.; V, 0.432 mm.; VI, (0.224 mm. eee 224 mm.); cornicle, 0.56 mm.; hind reuse: 0.256 mm. 284 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST American: Antenne III, 0.7 mm.; IV, 0.448 mm.; V, 0.384 mm; VI, (0.208 mm.+0.224 mm.); cornicle, 0.544 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.24 mm. : It will be seen from these measurements that the European and American forms are the same as far as proportions are con- cerned, and considering the great variation met with in the cornicles of the European, and even of the American examples, there does not seem sufficient basis in the writer’s opinion for keeping the species distinct. Certainly the two forms are much more nearly alike than are the American form and bicolor Oestlund. Pterocomma bicolor (Oest.) The American specimens listed under this species by Wilson do not, the writer believes, belong here. Oestlund gives the length of cornicles as 0.35 mm., whereas Wilson gives them as 0.59 mm.; fully equal to those of salicis. The following measurements of the alate viviparous female made from specimens of bicolor collected by the writer in Ontario show that Wilson’s bicolor measurements refer not to this species at all, but perhaps to variations of salicis? Thecorniclesof bicolor are quite distinctive and the same as given by Oestlund in his description. Measurements of alate viviparous female: Antenne III, 0.672; IV, 0.38 mm.; V, 0.36 mm.; VI, (0.16 mm.+0.352 mm.) ; cornicles, 0.352 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.22 mm. It will be seen that this species is separated from populifolie by the proportions of segment VI of the antenna. The base is much shorter and the unguis much longer than in Fitch’s species. This character may not be a constant one, and in such case bicolor will become a synonym. In the National Museum collection there are specimens determined as bicolor by Williams. According to Davis (1911) this determination has been confirmed by Oestlund. Williams’ specimens in the collection are certainly populifolie. ‘The measurements of segment VI, of the two alate specimens present are (0.176 mm.+0.288 mm.) and (0.176 mm.+0.27 mm.). Comparing these with measurements of one specimen in Fitch's collection, which measures (0.144 mm.+0.256 mm.), we see that THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 285 there is little difference in proportions. The Ontario material collected on the Karwatha Lakes is uniformly different from this, averaging as previously given (0.16 mm.+0.352 mm.). One specimen had the measurements (0.16 mm.+0.384 mm.) and one (0.176 mm.+0.352 mm.). These measurements agree in proportion with those given by Oestlund, and the writer, therefore, prefers to hold bicolor as distinct on this basis until large collections can be made and studied. In regard to the species flocculosa Weed, smithie Mon., and salictt Harris, no remarks will here be made, since these species are fully dealt with by Wilson, and the writer has examined some of Weed’s specimens, but a species described by Patch (1913) as antennatum should be mentioned. It cannot be definitely described in full until alate forms have been found. Another species has been described as farinosus by Del Guercio (1913). In this species the cornicles are cylindrical, but very much longer proportionately than those of populea. Pterocomma steinheili (Mordwilko) A third species, not mentioned by Wilson, is one named steinheilt by Mordwilko. Through the kindness of Mr. J. J. Davis, I have been able to examine a slide of specimens received by him from Mordwilko. One alate form and several apterous ones are present. The species is very close indeed to beulahensis Ckll., and it is the writer’s belief that the two are identical. There is one marked difference, however, between the alate specimen of steinheili and those of beulahensis. The lateral tubercles of the abdomen of steinheili are nearly twice the size of those of beula- hensis. It is quite probable that this is a variable character and that the two species cannot be separated by means of it. Since, however, only one specimen of the alate form of steinheili is avail- able for study, it is necessary on this basis to keep them distinct. Measurements of the alate viviparous female: Antenne III, 0.432 mm.; IV, 0.288 mm.; V, 0.32 mm.; VI (0.16 mm + 0.272 mm.). Cornicle, 0.256 mm.; hind tarsus, 0.224 mm. 286 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST This will then leave the species as follows: Pterocomma populea (Kalt.) Synonymy: Aphis populea Kaltenbach. Cladobius populeus (Kalt) Koch. Pterocomma pilosa Buckton (apterous form). Pterocomma farinosa (Del Guercio). Synonymy: Cladobius farinosus Del Guercio. Pterocomma steinheili (Mordwilko). Synonymy: Cladobius steinheili Mordwilko. Pterocomma salicis (L). Synonymy: Aphis salicis Linne. Melanoxanthus salicis (L) Buckton, Weed, etc. Melanoxantherium salicis (L) Schouteden. Pterocomma salicis (L) Wilson. 2? Pterocomma bicolor Wilson, not Oestlund. Pterocomma populifoliz (Fitch). Synonymy: Aphis populifolie Fitch. Pterocomma pilosa Buckton (alate form). Cladobius populeus Pergande, not Kalt. Cladobius rufulus Davidson. Melanoxanthus bicolor Williams, not Oestlund. Melanoxantherium rufulum (Davidson) Essig. Pterocomma populea Wilson, not Kalt. 2? Melanoxantherium salicti Patch. . Cladobius beulahensis Wilson, not Cockerell. Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed). Synonymy: Melanoxanthus flocculosus Weed. Melanoxantherium flocculosum (Weed) Schouteden Pterocomma flocculosa (Weed) Wilson. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 287 Pterocomma smithiz (Mon.). Synonymy: ? Aphis salicti Harris. ? Aphis salicicola Uhler. Chaitophorus smithie Monell. ? Lachnus salicicola (Uhler) Thos. Melanoxanthus salictt Weed. Melanoxantherium smithie (Mon.) Gillette. Pterocomma smithie (Mon.) Wilson. Pterocomma bicolor (Oest.) Synonymy: Melanoxanthus bicolor Oestlund. Melanoxantherium bicolor (Oestlund) Patch. Pterocomma antennata (Patch) Synonymy: Melanoxantherium antennatum Patch. Pterocomma beulahensis (CkIl.) Synonymy: Cladobius beulahensis Ckll. A few misprints are noted in Wilson’s paper. On page 347, in listing the described species, beulahensis and salicicola are misspelled. Cockerell, the author of beulahensis, is written as if it were part of the specific name. The citation of ‘“Janthanie”’ is different on page 347 from the citation of the species on page 357. If lantane Koch is not a Pterocomma, as Wilson believes, and if the name is retained as he retains it, it must become P. lantane (Pass) based on the description of the oviparous female in Aphidide Italice, p. 55. Passerini spelled the name /antane, but a new one would be required, The names listed under salicis (Linn.) should be altered as follows: Aphis salicis should be in italics. In the lines following, Linn. should be in parenthesis, while the names of the other authors should not be. In the synonymy of flocculosa Weed, the first reference should read Melanoxanthus, and Weed should not be in parenthesis. In the synonymy of bicolor Oest., where the genus is cited as Melanoxanthus, Oestlund should not be in parenthesis. 288 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST In the synonymy of populea Kalt., the third reference, Cladobius should be omitted and Kalt. inserted in parenthesis after populeus. Whether or not the word was written thus, and not Cladobius, I have been unable to prove. The first edition of Passerini’s Gli Afidi was published in 1857. I have not been able to see this nor the 1860 Parma edition. Wilson's reference, however, is incorrectly written. So also is his reference to Aphidide Italica, 1863. Pilosa Buckton is cited twice. In the second citation it is indicated that the species was not described as a Pterocomma, but was referred to that genus by Wilson. In writing the name populea in connection with Pterocomma, Kalt. should be in parenthesis. On page 355 Aphis salicis Harris is discussed. This is a mis- print for salicli Harris, named on page 191.of the first edition of Harris’ work. The same is seen in the citation of Oestlund, etc. In listing smithie as a Pterocomma, Monell, which is incorrectly spelled, should be in parenthesis. In the list of species on page 347, the genera in which they were originally described are placed in parenthesis between Ptero- comma and the specific name. This is the method given in the international code for the indication of subgenera. All of these little details are very minor matters, but they are here mentioned for purposes of reference. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PTEROCOMMA 1. Cornicles without a distal flange and abruptly constricted at the distal: extremity... AE \..... flocculosa. Cornicles with a distal flange and not so abruptly constricted at their distal ‘extrentities.) 3.74. h ve ae 2} 2. Cornicles about twice as long as their greatest Giameter 6065.04.00. nets Mee oe oe smithie. Cornicles much more than twice as long as their greatest CELI 1 0: ne ees roe a a SEE nates PA Bp 6 3. 3. Cornicles about equal in length to the hind tarsi.......00..00000000..... 4, Cornicles much longer than the hind tarsi.............0.00.ccccccseeneeees 6. 4. Beak reaching to the cornicles or nearly to them.......... populea.. Beak reaching only to the hind coxe or not quite to them........ 5. ~I ol THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 289 . Lateral tubercles of the abdomen about equal in length to the secdnd: antennal, sesment ooo. ened cna steinheilt. Lateral tubercles of abdomen considerably shorter than the Sseconduomtcnna) seoment..22.-sut..chcnniaeea ates cee beulahensts. . Cornicles nearly twice as long as the hind tarst...............0.00: (6 Cornicles much more than twice as long as the hind tarsi........ 8. . Unguis of segment VI of antennz about equal in length to the cornicle and more than twice as long as base............:... bicolor. Unguis of segment VI of antennz usually shorter than the cornicle and less than twice as long as base.......... popultfolie. . Cornicles cylindrical or slightly tapering..”..........00.000., arinosa. Coricies mich swollem in’ the middle:....2.65 f5c..e.ieets eee oe 9. rewormcies bright Orange: in Colours. ..ic.. cette opie ey salicts. LITERATURE. 1851. Fitch, Asa.—Cat. Hom., N.Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 66. 1887. Oestlund, O. W.—Synopsis of the Aphididae of Minnesota. Bull. No. 4, Geo. and Nat. Hist. Survey of Minn. 1910. Davis, J. J—A List of the Aphidide of Illinois, with notes on some of the species. In Journal of Econ. Ent.,Vol. III, p. 489. 1911. Davis, J. J—Williams, ‘‘The Aphidide of Nebraska,” A Critical Review. University studies, U. of Neb., Vol. XI, p. 259, 1913. Patch, E. M.—Aphid Pests of Maine—The Willow Family —Bull. Agr. Exp. Station, Me. No. 213., p. 89. 1913. Del Guercio, G.—Generi e Speci Nuove di Afididi—Redia EX, pp. le: 1915. Wilson, H. F. —A Synopsis of the Aphid Tribe Pterocom- mini—In Annals of the Ent: Soc. of America, Vol. VIII, p. 347. The remaining literature on the tribe is cited in Wilson’s paper. 290 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST A NEW NOCTUID GENUS. BY WM. BARNES, M.D., AND J. MCDUNNOUGH, PH.D., DECATUR, ILL. The publication by Dr. Skinner (Ent. News, 1902, XIII, 141) of the species Psychophora fasciata, from Alaska, evoked consider- able discussion at the time regarding the position of the species (whether a Noctuid or Geometrid), and also concerning the genus Psychophora Wirby and its type sabini Kirby (Ent. News, 1902 XIII, 191; 1. c. 1903, XIV, 193). In the latter paper Dr. Dyar, in the belief that fasciata corresponds closely to the generic characters given for Psychophora, leaves the species along with sabini in that genus, and creates the genus Skinneria for frigidaria Gn., which he considered wrongly associated with sabini Kirby. In the 4th Volume of Seitz Macrolepidoptera Palaarctica (Geometridz) Mr. Prout (p. 232) sinks Skinneria to Psychophora, placing frigidaria Gn. in this genus. In reply to a query of ours regarding this action, he has kindly replied that there is a series of specimens under the name sabini in the British Museum from Grinnell Land, which “‘agree so perfectly with Curtis (and well with Kirby) that one cannot hesitate as to the rightness of their de- termination, especially as the localities are in the same main geographical region, and there is no knowledge of any rival claimant from thence.’’ He further states that frigidaria Gn. from Norway, Lapland, etc., ‘‘seems evidently a mere local race of sabini,”’ but that phocata Moesch, according to the figure, is a distinct but closely allied species. All these species he considers to be typical Larentiids. Regarding fasciata Skin. he was unable to speak definitely, as he had no material of this species. The above remarks led us to examine more closely our speci- mens of fasciata, of which we have four o's from the type locality, two of them being co-types. We find that Dr. Dyar in his otherwise excellent characterization of the generic characters of fasciata (Ent. News XIV, 194) has overlooked the fact that the mid and hind tibiz are well spined. This fact would almost with certainty prove the species to be a Noctuid, and it would fall into the family Agrotine of Hampson, which reference would be further supported by other structural characters, notably the obsolescence of vein 5 on the secondaries from near the middle of the cell. With regard August, 1916 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 291 to the two characters which have led fasciata to be considered a Geometer, v7z., the fovea at base of primaries and vein.5 of prim- aries arising from the middle of the cell, we cannot accept either of these points. The so-called fovea is apparently caused by a distinct bifurcation of vein 1 at the base, the space thus included by veins 1 and lc being somewhat devoid of scales, which in any case are rather sparse on the underside. Regarding vein 5, all our specimens show this vein distinctly below the middle of the cell, rather more distant, it is true, from 4 than is usual, but slightly ~ curved downward towards 4 at the point of origin. The antenne are, in our opinion, very strongly lamellate, giving practically the appearance of bipectinations; the eyes rather small and reniform. As there is apparently no generic name available for the species, we would propose the name BARROVIA (the species being taken at Pt. Barrow) with type fasciata Skin., and would place the genus in the vicinity of Agrotiphila Grt., from which it differs by its unspined fore tibize and hairy vestiture. For generic characteristics other than the above-mentioned, we would refer to Dr. Dyar’s paper as already quoted. BOOK REVIEW. THE Lire or INLAND WATERS. An elementary text book of fresh water biology for American students. By James G. Needham, Professor of Limnology in Cornell University, and J. T. Lloyd, Instructor in Limnology in Cornell University. The Comstock Publishing Co., Ithaca, N. Y., 1916. 438 pp. Price, $3.00. This is a work that will appeal to many classes of readers, including entomologists working in various fields of special study. It deals with a subject of immense scope, which has been developed gradually through the accumulated researches of innumerable investigators and has only recently acquired the status of a coherent science. The vast array of facts embodied in this literature has been thoroughly sifted and assimilated by the authors, and the result is an admirably planned'and most attractive presentation of the elements of limnology or fresh-water biology. 292 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST After an interesting chapter on the history and development of this science, the authors discuss the physical :and chemical properties of water, and of natural bodies of water, regarded as aquatic environments, and also the interrelations of land and water. This is followed by a general account of the various types of aquatic environments, under the sub-headings: ‘‘Lakes and Ponds,” ‘‘Streams,’’ and ‘‘ Marshes, Swamps-and Bogs.” The fourth and longest chapter deals with types of aquatic organisms, these being described briefly in untechnical language, particular attention being given to their mode of life and such features of form and structure as indicate their fitness for their particular environment. This and the two following chapters, entitled “Adjustment to Conditions of Aquatic Life’’ and ‘‘Aquatic Societies,’ contain much entomological matter. The latter two chapters are of excep- tional interest to the biologist, and it is doubtful if there is any- where to be found a more admirable analysis of the ecological relations of fresh-water organisms. In the concluding chapter, ‘Inland Water Culture,” the sub- ject is discussed from the economic standpoint, and the possibilities of utilizing the extensive areas of swamp and marsh in North America for intensive fish-culture are clearly demonstrated. Nor are the aesthetic and educational aspects of the subject forgotten, and the authors show their breadth of view in this connection in advocating the preservation of wet lands in part as sanctuaries for wild life. Throughout the book it is the ecological point of view that is emphasized rather than the systematic and morphological, and from this standpoint there is much that is of great interest to students of all groups of aquatic insects. The illustrations are numerous and attractive, many of them being reproductions of original photographs and photomicrographs. The chief defect is the somewhat large number of typographical errors, which will doubtless be corrected in a future edition. Mailed August 15, 1916 Che Ganadiay Bautomologist Vors XEVITE: LONDON, SEPTEMBER, 1916 No. 9 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL EN TFOMOLOGY: A Visit TO NIAGARA GLEN. BY FRANCIS J. A. MORRIS, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. After nearly all July sacrificed on the altar of one’s profession, three solid’ weeks of our all too short Canadian summer gone up in smoke and stifling city heat—weeks, too, when every self- respecting entomologist should be clinging perilously at the very top of his bent—it was indeed high time for relaxation. I hurried feverishly down to the Yonge St. wharf and boarded a ‘Niagara boat. I had tcld no one where I was going, least of all myself. My preparations were stealthy and the contents of my pilgrim’s scrip of the most meagre. In one pocket (had you picked it) you would’ have found a tooth-brush, a comb, a cyanide bottle, and two clean handkerchiefs; in another a small plant-press, made of two stout cardboard covers enclosing a dozen sheets of blotting paper, and carefully tied up with a pair of brown laces, borrowed for the nonce from my Sunday boots; in a third an empty tin of Colgate’s shaving-stick (serving the double purpose of a drinking cup and a receptacle for larvae and other specimens that required preserving alive), a compass, a chisel, and a pair of forceps; while in an inner pocket (defying the Artfullest Dodger to touch)— with perhaps an occasional roguish peep abroad—bulged un- abashed (or snuggled contentedly, according to your view of it) a negligé shirt, of a pattern much in vogue a decade or two ago, wrapped closely round a collapsible insect net. It was already growing dusk when I was landed at Queens- ton village and reported at the quiet, old-fashioned boarding- house where my habits and hobbies being known were no longer subject to comment or disconcerting question. After making arrangements for a night or so’s lodging and an early start next morning, I strolled out through the gathering dusk in the direction of the woods at the foot of Brock’s monument; after turning a little way down a lane skirted by grapevines, I presently became 294 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST aware, on all sides, of tiny rustlings in the foliage, prelude to the drowsy hum and blundering flight of shard-borne beetles; a sound familiar enough, and one that should have surely set me down not more than two or three years or 100 miles away—in the school playground, say, Port Hope, at the height of the June-bug season; but there must have been something peculiar in the keynote of this symphony, for it set vibrating a far more distant chord of memory: a little tilt between the mind’s deft fingers, one magic turn of the kaleidoscope we call imagination, and on the instant I found myself a schoolboy in a narrow Kentish lane between chestnut trees and hawthorns, watching at dusk for cockchafers and the occasional prize of a stagbeetle soaring out of the hedge- row. I had no net with me, and though I could tell the beetles were larger than June bugs, capture was out of the question, 9 I turned in for the night. Next day I was heading towards the Heights before 6 a.m. For some time I stuck to the main road, for the dew was very heavy; but near the Monument Station I sensed unmistakably the neighborhood of a certain fungus, and following my nose like a questing hound, presently spied, by a clump of red cedar, a small colony of what I-was in search of—IJthyphallus impudicus—*‘ Stink- horns,’’. to use the vulgar and all too expressive name. Two of the horns, already sinking into putrescence, were tenanted by nearly a score of silphids, dark-winged and with reddish margin on the thorax. From here, as it was too early for the car-service, I tramped up the belt railway towards the Glen; the sides of the track showed plenty of New Jersey Tea, but it was too soon in the day for insect visitors; on some plants of purple vetch I found great numbers of ‘‘the old-fashioned Potato-beetle’’ (Macrobasis unicolor) feed- ing; and a couple of miles further up, when I was within a few rods of the Glen enclosure, it being after seven o’clock, with the sun hot and strong in its course, came gliding out towards me from the shrubbery that fringed the lip of the gorge, a magnificent yellow-banded snake, larger and stouter than any garter snake I. had ever seen before; forward he drove with that wonderful motion that, unaided by limbs, yet rivals in grace and mastery of self-control the most perfect athlete’s—rigidity and suppleness THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 295 combining to create a new and altogether unique form of energy. I stood between the tracks and watched his advance; strong enough, it looked, to overthrow quite a massive obstacle or thrust it aside, yet gently gliding about a blade of grass without bending it, or flowing like oil round the sides of a stone. Not the slightest notice of me did he take, but lay out along the sand within a foot of the rail and basked in the sun. I stepped over to that side of the track and looked down at him; first his head and- neck, and then the markings on his back. There was something strange to my eye in the appearance of this garter snake; the broad zig- zag bands of yellow seemed unfamiliar; the colour itself was not the waspy straw yellow I was expecting, but darker in part, almost red-ocre, like a British hornet; I glanced at the tail: one, two, three, four, five naked joints; it was my first rattlesnake. Just then the rumble of an approaching car forced me to step from the tracks; I had no desire to be marooned for even a moment alone with a rattler on a narrow strip of cliff-edge, so I chose the other side of the right-of-way. As soon as the coast was clear, I returned to my scrutiny; the snake had not moved, though the car had lumbered by within a foot of him, out-rattling a thousand of his kind; but he was startled, probably by the vibration of the ground, and almost immediately slid back into the bushes and so (doubtless) down to the ravine. The keepers at the Glen had not seen one all the season and showed surprise, if not annoyance, that I had not killed this fellow. Snakes are none of them aggressive, but the rattler is, I believe, more than ordinarily sluggish; unléss cornered or accidentally stepped upon or jostled, he is perfectly harmless, and in cold weather can be picked up and handled with impunity. In the rich herbage beside one of the paths that led to the flight of wooden stairs I noticed numbers of little chrysomelians feeding, at least three species, two of them black with four yellow or reddish spots on the elytra (2 basal and 2 apical), one of the beetles proving Bassareus and the other Cryptocephalus; the third species was of a uniform dark-grey and quadrate in outline, ap- parently Pachybrachys. I had now reached the Glen itself, and proceeded to hobnob for an hour or two with some old cronies among the ferns. It ap- 296 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST pears that when the Glen was Foster’s Flats, it harboured a few plants of the Holly Fern (Polystichum lonchitis), and | had planned to hunt for this plant, first downstream away from all frequented paths, and then upstream towards the whirlpool. After three hours’ unavailing search downstream, I descended towards the river bank for another spell of sunshine and entomology. Here I came upon a thicket of undergrowth—black raspberries in profusion, a tangle of grapevines, clumps of elder, and a sprink- ling of basswood. Halting beside one of these last, before wading into the thicket, I let my eye range over the foliage. Presently I saw a sight that set my heart beating, a pair of tiny longicorns basking on a leaf; it was ten years since I had seen the insect— Eupogonius subarmatus—and then, though I had captured the only two I saw, one on a_ basswood log and the other or a leaf overhead, | knew them for the wariest of their kind. Cautiously as | approached, my quarry dropped off the edge of their leaf before I could get within range. I had now little hope of success, for the insect was extremely small and the ground a miniature — jungle of rank grass. I stood, however, and watched the place under the leaf very closely, devouring the ground inch by inch, and presently spied the pair resting on a flat slope of stone, and captured them both with little more ado. Nothing else was to be seen about the lower ranks of foliage on this tree, but when I got round to the side next the sunken stretch of thicket, more basswoods appeared in the open; the rasp- berries and the rich drapery of sunlit green beckoned imperiously; I looked at my watch; eleven a.m. The hour was auspicious for sun worship—h-h-h-h-m, bz-z-z-z-z-zm; hullo! I thought, service is just going to begin; here comes the clerk. It was Pelidnota punctata settling down on a grapevine, but very lively, and, what- was more to the point, quite out of reach; indeed, he only stayed long enough to clear up the mystery of the night before and then make off. Without delay I stepped down into the thicket and, with an eye focussed for small creatures on grass and leaves, proceeded to range about this tangled river-glade. There is a peculiar charm about moving cautiously through sun-lit spaces or standing at gaze like a pointer on the still hunt for tiny game in the all but breathless glare of July heat. It THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 297 takes a trained eye to render visible the sadder-hued and more sluggish forms of all this multitudinous insect life, but it was not long before I began to realize that the wilderness of my choice, so far from being a desert, was a thronging conventicle of fellow sun-worshippers. It was, I recall, while slowly poring over the surface of a talland stately teasle, from the heart of a neighbouring berry patch, that I spied one of the first members of this congrega- tion. AtfirstI took it fora large yellow-and-brown-banded hymen- opter, the velvety sheen of its elytra giving the effect of shimmering wings, but under the lens of my unwavering stare it soon steadied into the form of Bellamira scalaris, the first I had ever seen alive; unfortunately it had not come to stay through the service, for hardly had I shaken free from some clinging ropes of thimbleberry vine, than I saw the coveted object hurry to the edge of his perch and soar away into the air, translated from my gaze like some beatific vision into the empyreal vast. Possession is nine points of the law, but of entomology it seemed just then to a beetle- fancier the one and only point worth naming in his whole avocation. My disappointment was quite keen and lasted for a long time; even now tne recollection rouses a fresh pang, as an old wound will throb anew in bad weather. But other sights and better luck (both abundant that day) soon drove all this into the back- ground. Before I left the thicket I had captured one specimen of Oberea bimaculata (resting, for a wonder, on the upper side of his raspberry leaf), one specimen of Plagionous speciosus, and seven specimens of Desmocerus palliatus, always on the under side of the foliage of elder, usually early elder, whose blossom, long ~ over, had been replaced by clusters of crimson berries. What a magnificent insect the Knotty Cloak is! with his gleaming wing- covers of Prussian blue based with bright yellow; unfortunately, his colours fade; cabinet specimens become actually dingy in the course of years, the yellow in particular losing all its vividness. At the edge of the thicket, before emerging, I glanced up intoa large basswood and noticed a pale yellow object apparently about the size of a cecropia moth depending from an upper leaf; it had not the thin, shrivelled sereness of dead foliage, but, whatever it was, it hardly bent the leaf or its stalk where it hung. Suddenly re- membering that I had an insect net with a three-jointed handle 298 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST in my pocket, I drew it out and fitting it together scooped the enigma into the silken bag, where it writhed and struggled with moth-like flutterings; it was a tiny bat. High up on the same tree I now spotted (in its favorite attitude) another specimen of Eupogonius subarmatus and conceived the happy idea of utilizing the creature’s instinct of escape to secure its capture. It evidently loved to sit up on the spacious platform of a linden leaf and ‘‘take the sun’’; when approached it would nearly always run (or roll) to the edge of its resting-place and drop over; all I had to do was to hold the net well under its perch and then jar the insect into activity. This went like clockwork, and I spent two or three hours in systematic search about bass- wood foliage. Blatchley does not mention the linden among the creature’s food plants, but I took over a dozen specimens that day of Eupogonius subarmatus; they were all found basking on linden leaves, and, with a single exception, on being approached, they all launched themselves obligingly into the captivity of my insect net. It was nearly three p.m. when I| decided to make a trip be- yond the paths, upstream, in search of the Holly Fern; I first made my way to the last drinking fountain in the Glen, a lovely cold spring that wells out from the base of a giant block of limestone. Here as I turned away refreshed, I saw dangling in an old spider’s web—dead but undamaged, and surely a most unusual victim of those silken meshes—the large and handsome longicorn, Ty- lonotus bimaculatus, the only specimen I have ever taken. From now on I was a botanist, and though I saw no signs of the Holly Fern, I had the good luck to find a little colony—three or four plants—of Ebony Spleenwort in a grove of hemlock and cedar. Altogether, it was with great reluctance and a fast-de- clining sun that at last I tore myself away from the Glen and took the car to the monument. Here I spent two hours searching for a wood where report had whispered to me of the Broad-leaved Beech Fern. It was, thus, already dusk when, in spite of the very doubtful clue, I brought my search to a successful ‘close and re- turned to my lodgings, tired but determined to have one more look in the morning for the apocryphal and probably long extinct Holly Fern of Foster's Flats. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 299 Next day, in order to leave lots of room for my pocket lunch as well as to compel constancy in my fern-search, I most foolishly burned my entomological boats by leaving my cyanide bottle behind. I spent all morning upstream working towards the whirlpool in a vain and tiring (or was it untiring?) search for Polystichum lonchitis, and at last about noon gave it up, went again to commune with my little colony of Ebony Spleenwort, and then began my homeward walk along the track. Here I made a most exciting discovery: the New Jersey Tea blossoms, that early in the morning were quite untenanted and seemed to have lost their fragrance, were crowded with eager guests in the bright sunshine. Thereisno plant, in my experience, so attractive to beetles as Ceanothus americana, and | have a long list of its guests in the shape of captures made on its blossoms; these were mostly of the Leptura and Typocerus genera of Longi- corn, but only a few days before I had added a new find among Searabs, Macrodactylus subspinosus, just because the New Jersey Tea was in a new locality; and no matter how old and familiar a blossom is, I always search it carefully in hopes of new finds, if I am in a new“district. But alas! I had no collecting-bottle, nothing but a handkerchief and my Colgate’s drinking cup. For some little time I made no discovery beyond a variety (or possibly a new species) of Trichius, and soon the four corners of my handkerchief were knotted over specimens of this beetle and the whole handkerchief was redolent of the strangely sweet—if pungent—scent the insect releases on capture—some of the tiger-beetles emit a similar volatile essence with the same sweet but searching odour. I was about a mile from the Glen when I happened on the first new beetle banqueting in the Tea blossoms—not only a new species, but a new genus; its extremely attenuate outline could belong to nothing but Strangalia, and Strangalia it proved to be, Strangalia luteicornis. It was a happy entomologist, I can tell you, who fitted the stopper of his drinking-cup over that jejune little atomy, and a most unhappy entomologist who had to open the same a score of times and coax a new capture in before any of the inmates found an exit. Handling a basket of snakes, or driving a pig to market would be child’s play to that problem. But though 300 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST I lost two or three of the entire bag, it was a great catch that I emptied out into my cyanide bottle as soon as I got home: three Strangalia luteicornis, four Leptura subhamata (allo), six Leptura cordifera, two Leptura dehiscens, and one Toxotus cylindricollis, besides not a few specimens of Trichius, Typocerus and Leptura that I had taken occasionally before. ) Two days’ sun-bath and about 30 hours of revelling among ferns, flowers and insects had made a.new man of me, and now, as I lay down the pen with which I have tried to call out of the past the spirit of my trip, dipping deep in the ink-well of mem- ory, it is my most ardent desire to repeat it all in the body next July, and following the lure of Bellamira, Tylonotus, or Strangalia, make one more rare new capture. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO. The 53rd Annual Meeting of the Society will be held at its headquarters in the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph, on Thursday and Friday, November 2nd and 3rd, and will be presided over by Mr. Albert F. Winn, President (Westmount, P.Q.). A popular lecture will be given on the poor; evening in Massey Hall by Dr. L. O. Howard, Chief of the U. S. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D.C. _It is hoped that the members of the Society will endeavour to be present. Subscribers to the ‘‘Canadian Entomologist’’ are cordially invited to attend and to present papers. Members and visitors will be entertained at luncheon in the College Dining Hall at the noon hour each day. The Secretary will be greatly obliged if members and others will send him the titles of papers they wish to present (stating the length of time required for reading) as soon as they can, in order that the programme may be prepared in due time; it will also be a convenience if members. and visitors will notify him a few days before the meeting of their intention to be present. A. W. BAKER, Secretary. Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 301 SOME. "GENERIC? GROUPS: IN= THE-“MALLEOPHAGAN FAMILY MENOPONID-. BY G. F. FERRIS, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CALIFORNIA. The chief interest in the study of the Mallophaga lies in the problem of their distribution, which is beyond question funda- mentally the problem of the relationships of their hosts. It has already been pointed out very clearly by Kellogg and Harrison that the solution of the first problem may legitimatelybe used as an aid in the solution of the second; that the student of these parasites may pos- sibly be able to throw some light upon certain ques- tions of the answers Fig. 10.—Outlines of one side of head of: A, Dennyus distinctus, to which the orni- n. s:p.; B, Myrsidea diffusa (Kell,); C, Actornithophilus 4 uniserialus (P); D, Heleonomus miandrius (Kell.). thologists are at present in doubt. However, before this happy end can be achieved, it is necessary that the classification of the Mallophaga themselves be placed upon a sound basis, something that, as it is becoming increasingly apparent, has not yet been accomplished. The generic groups that have in the past been recognized are entirely too broad ade- quately to express the needs of the situation. The old genera are for the most part really of family value, and many of them have quite recently been elevated to this rank; but the division of these unwieldly and complex groups into small and compact genera has as yet hardly begun, nor have the limits of many of the groups been accurately defined. It is toward this end that this paper is a slight contribution. ) The two relatively very large genera, Colpocephalum and Menopon, with a few smaller genera, constitute the family Meno- ponide, a family that includes nearly one-fifth of all the known September, 1916 302 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Mallophagan species. The family contains a considerable number of unrecognized generic groups, for the separation of which char- acters must be used that have heretofore been almost entirely neglected. Of these characters those to be found in the chetotaxy of the posterior femora are perhaps of first importance. The spines on the ventral face of these femora may be arranged in a series of ““combs,’’ which are always associated with similar combs upon certain abdominal sternites, or they may be arranged in a distinct patch or brush, usually, associated with similar brushes on the abdomen, or they may be irregularly arranged or entirely lacking. The taxonomic value of the combs has already been pointed out by Harrison in the case of Colpocephalum (in its restricted sense) and Tetrophthalmus, but the brushes have apparently not, as yet, been noted in literature. Of probably secondary importance are other characters, in- cluding the presence of either a slit or notch in front of the eye, the segmentation of the thorax, the presence of heavy spines on the ventral side of the head, the character of the chetotaxy of the abdomen, the genitalia of the males and the presence of peculiar structures in the gular region. Having in mind these characters, the group which this paper considers may be defined as follows. Menoponide with more or less distinct patches or brushes of spines upon the ventral face of the posterior femora and upon certain abdominal segments. Thorax three-segmented, usually distinctly so, although the mesothorax is sometimes much reduced. Head of a very characteristic shape, the temples very prominent, projecting well beyond the lateral margin. The following key will serve to distinguish the included genera: 1. Head with a distinct notch (not a slit) in the lateral margin just béfard the eye! Cie. e ak a ae Bes? fos 2, Lateral margin of the head continuous to the eye...........,.......8. 2. Femoral and sternal patches composed of spines which are distinctly smaller than those constituting the general cheto- taxy and are very closely crowded together. : Cenus Heleonomus, n. gen. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 303 Femoral and sternal patches small, composed of spines as large as those constituting the general chetotaxy, with which the ventral patches sometimes merge. Genus Actornithophilus, n. gen. 3. Oesophageal sclerite and glands ap- parently lacking, second sternite never with asters of heavy spines. Genus Dennyus Neumann. ; Oesophageal sclerite and glands present, although sometimes quite small; second sternite gen- erally with astersof heavy spines. Genus Myrsidea Waterston. \ 2B Vs 4e K x Ss \) = . ‘ ALA Woatydatyy We S \ Genus Actornithophilus, n. gen. ae had Hatta, )\3 . 2 i Ainy auch pe Dk Le Pigs. 10c,. da. DN) fig, Walte's msn / ¢ 5 : IN \AA Ng T-\ Im TIC Menoponide with small, rather in- i TY Ay NO a fh ) definite patches of spines upon the 1 ventral face of the posterior femora Sh soe ae and upon certain abdominal sternites, the spines composing the patches as large as those constituting the general chetotaxy and sometimes merging with it. Thorax distinctly three-seg- mented, the mesothorax small, but clearly distinguishable. Head of a characteristic shape, the anterior mar- nara ia cara ate gin rounded, the temples very promi- nent, their anterior margins nearly at right angles with the longitudinal axis of the body. Lateral margin with a distinct notch before the eye; this notch backed up by a small chitinous area. Oecesophageal sclerite and glands present. Male genitalia apparently characteristic, consisting of a very long -and slender basal plate, continuous distally with a lamina at the base of which the small paramera and slender endomera (?) are set. Species occurring, at least for the most part, upon Charadrii- formes (Laride, Alcide, Charadriide). Type of the genus, Colpocephalum uniseriatum Piaget. 304 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST INCLUDED SPECIES. From Laride. Colpocephalum abbotti Kellogg. Colpocephalum crassipes Piaget. Colpocephalum epiphanes Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum funebre Kellogg. Colpocephalum fuscipes Piaget. Colpocephalum incisum Piaget. Colpocephalum latifasciatum Piaget. Colpocephalum maurum Nitzsch. Colpocephalum millerit Kellogg and Kuwana. (—C. incisum Piaget. ?) Colpocephalum sulcatum Piaget. From Alcidez. Colpocephalum perplanum Kellogg and Chapman. From Charadriidz. Colpocephalum bicolor Piaget. Colpocephalum cornutum Giebel. Col pocephalum fumidum Kellogg. Colpocephalum gracile Piaget. Colpocephalum grandiceps Piaget. Colpocephalum kilauensis Kellogg and Chapman. Colpocephalum morsitans Kellogg. Colpocephalum ochraceum Nitzsch. Colpocephalum ocularis Carriker. Colpocephalum petulum Kellogg and Kuwana. Colpocephalum patellatum Piaget. Colpocephalum pustulosum Piaget. Colpocephalum spinulosum Piaget. Colpocephalum stictum Kellogg and Paine. Colpocephalum tigrum Kellogg and Paine. Colpocephalum timidum Kellogg. Colpocephalum umbrinum Piaget. Colpocephalum uniforme Piaget. Colpocephalum uniseriatum Piaget. From Passerine Hosts. Colpocephalum grandiculum Kellogg. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 305 The genus thus formed is a very homogeneous group, and is apparently characteristic of the Charadriiformes (as that order is understood by the more recent authors), especially of the Laro- Limicole. “Head. <5 ---with*-an “1m: pressed longitudinal line . .~ . scutel with a pale, obsolete vitta, beyond the middle . . . beneath green, with a broad lateral black vitta.” After careful search for food plants I find that invitus breeds only on the elm, preferring always the young, thrifty plants with succulent shoots. The nymphs are pale greenish, hatching soon after the leaves come out in the spring from eggs that were in- serted in the twigs the previous July. One can scarcely dis- tinguish the nymphs from those of the species described below and which is well known as a pest on the pear. The nymphs are, however, smaller and more slender than those of the false * Contribution from the Department of Entomology of Cornell University. October, 1916 346 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST tarnished plant-bug. In a previous article, (Jour. Ec. Ent., vol. 5 8, p. 296, 1915) the writer described the a See manner of oviposition of the false tarnished p) a plant-bug which is the same insect as com- munts described below, while the reference to this species breeding on elm refers to & the true invitus of Say. c The male claspers of invitus show a S close similarity co those of communis, ie te Laas > ame eee the practiced worker will note certain any, Sales et claspers: constant differences, and which are exhibited ppeistes | ee ee ee. a bae drawings (figs. 16, 17). The absence pects len i Babar dis of a spine on the inner curve of the dextral forcep of invitus will distinguish this species at once from communis. Lygus communis n. sp. Easily distinguished from invitus by the two black rays on the disk of the pronotum and by reddish in the lateral stripe on the body. Differs structurally in not having the impressed longitudinal line on the vertex and in the form of the male claspers. Male—Length 5.5 mm. Head: width across the eyes, 36*; width be- tween eyes, 15; length (lateral measure- ment) i4; height at base, 22; yellowish brown or greenish marked with reddish; basal half of the tylus, arched portions of the juga, lore, and buccule marked with reddish, also the front frequently marked with red in the form of trans- Bie iM cn eee verse lines; apical half of the tylus dark Ac pt ia oe brownish to fuscous; vertex full, with-~ extra! foreep dissected ventral out an impressed longitudinal line as in invitus, but having a slight triangular, flattened space just before the carina; eyes dark brownish, sometimes faded to pale on the * Measurements for the head, antenne and pronotum are given in micrometer readings which for comparison are more useful than figures given in millimeters. To reduce these measurements to millimeters multiply by .0285. > ‘ THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 347 margins. Rostrum reaching to near the posterior margin of the hind coxze, yellowish to brownish, the apex blackish. Antenne: segment I, length 20, greenish, frequently darkened with brownish; segment II, length 70, dark brownish to fuscous, sometimes basal half paler; segment III, length 42, dark brownish; segment [V, length 35, same colour as the preceding; all the seg- - ments with very fine, pale yellowish pubescence. Pronotum: length 33, width at base 62, apex 32, width of collar 24; greenish, darkened with brownish on the basal half, two blackish rays on the disk, one behind each callus, in the darkest specimens extending across the calli, widening behind and nearly reaching the basal margin; coxal cleft marked with reddish, sides just posterior to this much darkened; disk shining, very finely and closely punctured, the punctures more or less transversely confluent especially on the basal half. Scutellum greenish darkened with brownish, transversely rugose; specimens maturing on Jlex and Cernus frequently have a longitudinal median fuscous line. Sternum pale beneath with the sides reddish as are the lateral parts of the meso- and metathorax. Hemelytra: greatest width 2.3 mm., closely and minutely punctured, with fine yellowish pubescence; dark brownish to fuscous, darker on the apical half of the corium and across the tip of the embolium; embolium except the tip, the base and narrow lateral margin of the corium, pale greenish; cuneus clear, tinged with yellow, the very tip sometimes slightly darkened; membrane darkened with fuscous veins and narrow margin at the apex of the cells and bordering the cuneus, a spot along the margin beyond the apex of the cuneus and extending inward to the cells, clear, thus isolating a fuscous s,ot along the margin close to the apex of the cuneus. Legs: cox pale, usually with a spot of reddish at the base, femora greenish to yellowish, the posterior femora and often the intermediate pair twice annulated near the apex with reddish, frequently the whole apical half quite reddish; tibie greenish, sometimes slightly darkened toward the tip, spines pale brownish, tarsi yellowish to brownish, darker at the apex. Venter: pale greenish beneath, a broad lateral band and the genital segment, dark reddish with brownish. The male claspers 348 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are distinctive for the species (fig. 17). The spine shown on the dextral forcep is not present in invitus, and is usually visible in pinned specimens without dissection. Female—Slightly broader. and more robust than the male, does not differ materially in coloration though usually paler ~ than the male. This is the species commonly known as the false tarnished plant-bug, and isadestructive species to the cultivated pear. For an account of the life history see Parrott and Hodgkiss 1913*. The species is found most commonly breeding Gn Cornus, particu- larly C. stolonifera and C. paniculata. 1 have also reared speci- mens from Cornus glternifolia and Ilex verticillata, and taken general specimens on the prickly ash (Zanthoxylum americanum). The type specimens were collected by the writer on pear near Batavia, N. Y., July 4, 1914. Paratypes: 67 specimens taken on pear, June 16 to Aug. 8, Batavia; 35 specimens from Cornus stolonifera, June 14 to Aug 6, Batavia; from Cornus paniculata, 5 specimens June 21, 10 speci- mens Aug. 1, 6 specimens Aug. 10, Batavia. From Cornus alterni- folia, 16 specimens, June 25 to 29, Batavia; 3 specimens, June 25, Wyoming, N. Y.; 8 specimens, June 21, Portage, N. Y.; 3 speci- mens, July 27, McLean, N. Y.; from //ex verticiliata, 15 specimens, June 21, Batavia, N. Y. Miscellaneous specimens: 16 from near Batavia, N. Y., June 25 to 29; 7 specimens, June 27, Portage, N. Y.; 5 specimens, July 5, Four Mile, N. Y.; 2 specimens, June 13, and 3 specimens, July 24, Ithaca, N. Y.; 3 specimens, June 23, Conesus Lake, N. Y., all collected by the writer. Specimens from other collectors: 9, June 25, Spring Brook, N. Y.; o%, July 2, Hamburg, N. Y:; & @, July 20, Salamanca, N. Y.; o&, June 30, Bretton Woods, N. H., collected by Mr. E. P. Van Duzee; 2 | o'c' June 22, Bennington, Vt.; & @ July 15, Eastport, Me.; Q, July 12, Capens, Me.; 2 oc’, July 15-24, Glen House, N. H., collected by Mr. C. W. Johnson. Male specimen from Fort Ccllins, Colo., Aug. 1, with an unusual amount of reddish on the body beneath. — * The False Tarnished Plant-bug as a Pear Pest, New York Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 368. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 349 Lygus communis var. novascotiensis n. var. Paler and more slender than the typical communis but not differing materially in the male claspers. Breeds abundantly on apple in Nova Scotia; but in New York I have been unable to take any form of communis on the apple. Length 5.3 mm., greatest width 2 mm., more slender and much paler than the typical communis; the two black rays on the pro- notum small but distinct; hemelytra more yellowish brown than fuscous; lateral stripe of the body reddish or darkened with fuscous. This is one of the varieties or races of communts which may be worked out from the forms inhabiting different plants, and perhaps influenced somewhat by different external conditions. Described from several specimens received from “Mir. Wm. H. Brittain, of Truro, Nova Scotia, collected from apple at Kent- ville, Wolfville, and Smith’s Cove, Nova Scotia, July 6 to 28, 1915. GEOMETRID NOTES. ON THE GENUS XANTHORHGE Hus. (PETROPHORA Hws.). BY L. W. SWETT, WEST SOMERVILLE, MASS. The names Xanthorhée Hiib. and Petrophora Hiib. have been used interchangeably, but Petrophora Hiib. (‘‘Tentamen,”’ 1805) has pricrity over Xanthorhée Hub. (Verz. bek. Schmett., 1816). The majority of European specialists are dropping the use of the ‘“Tentamen”’ as they regard it more or less in the nature of a circular letter of doubtful date and place. Those who care to go farther into the matter should consult the excellent work of L. B. Prout and C. D. Sherborn (Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 8, vol. IX, Jan., 1912); a's» Scudder (Proc. Am. Acad. Sci., vol. X, pp. 91-293, 1875), C. H. Fernald (Amherst, Mass., 16 pp., 1905), and Sherborn and Durant (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, Vol. II, pp. 491-495, Dec., 1898.) The first species I propose to consider is defensaria Guen. (Spec. Gen.,vol. X, p. 411, 1857; also Packard, Monograph, p. 149, 1876). This species was described from a male taken in California. Guenée says “‘near munitata Hiib. and especially convallaria, but more obscure,’”’ etc. The form that agrees most closely with this description—and I have examined some 400 October, 1916 350 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST specimens, including those of my own collection, that of Mr. E. H. Blackmore, the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cam- bridge, Mass., and the American Museum of Natural History, New York—is the male with a dark, greyish outer border on the fore wings ardarather indistinct, brownish median band, beyond which are rows of triple dots on the veins, with traces of wavy lines. The female differs from the male in that the band is of a solid, dark, reddish-chocolate colour, the outer border is dark fuscous gray, and the hind wings are darker basally and have several undulating lines but not so many as the fore wings. When these wavy lines are rubbed they show only as points on the veins, and it was doubtless a rubbed specimen that formed the basis of Guenée’s description. Both the male and the female belong to what I term the normal summer form, occurring from July 3 to August 30, according to my series. Xanthorhée defensaria in all its forms can be separated from convallaria in that the basal line of the latter has a very strong, regular, outward curve, where in defensaria it runs almost straight, in a more or less shaded line, to the inner margin. They average between 20 and 25 mm. in expanse in my series, only one or two measuring below 20 mm. and about the same number over 25 mm., but none above 27 mm. I think this typical, normal, summer form with the gray outer margin can be readily recognized by this description. I have specimens of it from British Columbia and California. This typical form represents the second brood, there being an early spring brood which I shall discuss later. There are several varietal forms of the summer brood. Packard (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. XIII, p. 398, 1871) describes ‘‘ XYanthorhée (Coremia). californiata, one female, Edwards,*from California” as new. In the material studied there is a specimen bearing this label and a small, round, punch label, ‘No. 1385." Beneath this on a large fabel is written “figured in Monog.” in Packard’s handwriting. This is undoubtedly Edwards’ female, from California, and) is not a variety of munitata Hiib., but of defensaria Guen. (See Packard's Monograph, p. 137, 1876). He evidentiy mixed munitata ’ Hiib. and defensaria together, as he remarks on the peculiarities of the Labrador specimens. The specimen of californiala Pack. i] THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 351 (pl. VIII, fig. 67) which is in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and undoubtedly represents the type, is the bright, red-banded form with gray outer margin to the fore wings. Hulst (Can. Ent., vol. XXXII, p. 104, 1900) described a very similar form as Xanthorhée (Hydriomena) amorata from two specimens. Dr. Dyar (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., vol. VI, p. 223, 1904) refers Hydrio- mena amorata Hulst, male and female, to defeusaria Guen. Mr. J. Grossbeck (Ent. News, pp. 147, April, 1907) states that there are two forms, probably both females, and although he refers both of these to Xanthorhée (Peirophora) he retains the female with the bright, red, central band as the var. amorata Hulst, in view of the- fact that it was so distinct. Evidently Dr. Dyar was in error when he said ‘‘male and female.’’ In this var. amorata Hulst, the fore wings have a bright, red-brown, central band and a normal gray, outer border. [ see no reason why the name amorata Hulst should not fall before the older name californiata Pack. I have compared one of Mr. Grossbeck’s specimens with the type and, except that the central band is not quite s> bright, they are identical. It is a matter of individual opinion as to whether amorata is worthy of being retained to designate an in- termediate varietal form, or fall into the synonymy of californiata Pack. I am inclined towards the latter view. The next variety of the summer form to be considered is the melanic or black-bended form, which I previously described as mephistaria Swett (Can. Ent., vol. XLVII, p. 157, May, 1915). There are a few errors here that I must have made in copying the dates, and should be corrected, as follows:— Line 23, for Jan. 9 read July 9; line 24, for Fed. 3, read July 3. I doubt if any of these forms are ever found at such early dates as are thus erroneously given in this connection. This black-banded form is the same in size as the typical form and is represented in both sexes, whereas I have seen the bright, red-banded form, californiata Pack., only in the female, though I see no reason why males should not be found. I believe this range of coloration from reddish chocolate through light red to black occurs in nearly all species of Xanthorhse, e.g., ferrugata Clerc. and its black-banded var. unidentaria Haw. 352 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Still another extreme form of the typical defensaria Gn. remains without a name, and I propose to describe it as follows :— Xanthorh6ée defensaria Gn., var. conciliaria, var. nov. Expanse 23-25 mm. Wing pattern same as in normal defensaria Gn. except that the bands are a very deep reddish chocolate, the fore wings are basally yellowish and the outer margin is a reddish yellow or ochre. This yellow, suffused variety corre- sponds to the yellow variety of munitata, (hethlandica Prout). Doubtless this variation occurs in most of the Cidaria group allied to munitata Hiib. The white-banded spring form also shows this variation, but I think it does not differ sufficiently from conciliaria to receive a separate name. The dark-red, central band is lighter than normal and the wavy lines of the outer margin are present, but are reddish instead of fuscous. This variety is very distinct. I have it only from Victoria, B C., though no doubt it iscommon in Alaska. In some specimens the outer margin is entirely ochreous without markings except the marginal white line and two marginal white dots opposite the angle of the extradiscal line. Holotype.—o, Victoria, B. C., July 23, 1914, E. H. Blackmore; in my collection, received through the kindness of Mr. Blackmore. Allotype-—@, Victoria, B. C., Sept. 18, 1913, in collection of Mr. E. H. Blackmore. Paratypes—1% 69's, Victoria, B. C., May, 14, 1914, to Aug. 26, 1914 and 1915, collection of Mr. Blackmore; also 5 2’s, Victoria, B. C., April 30 to Aug. 27, 1914 and 1915, Messrs. A. J. Croker and E. H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett. There is a possible third brood which is found in the late fall up to October Ist. This is very small and stunted, and there is a tendency for the median band to be very narrow. The central band is of the same colour as in the normal male but is more solid and less distinct. This form is certainly worthy of a name and may be described as_ follows:— Xanthorh6ée defensaria Gn. var. thanataria, var. nov. Expanse 18-20 mm. The hands are of the same shape as in the normal form but tend to be very narrow. Basally the male is pale ashen without lines, the central band dark and almost solid, in some specimens showing irregular lines. Outer margin very THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 303 pale ashen without lines, except the irregular scalloped marginal lines and black, twin spots. Hind wings somewhat semi-diapha- nous, shaded with fuscous, with a pale extradiscal line basally. The females are of the same size and general appearance but the central band is lighter, being of about the same cclour as in var. californiata Pack., sometimes with a yellowish tinge. Outer border light ashen, a little paler than the normal form, lines faintly discernible. I believe that. a form corresponding to this is repre- sented in the other allied Cidarias. Holotype —o, Victoria, B. C., Aug. 1, 1915, E. H. Blackmore; in my collection, received through the kindness of Mr. Blackmore. Allotype— 9, Victoria, B. C., Sept. 9, 1914; in collection of E. H. Blackmore. muratypes-—s 6 s- bo ,.Victora, Bi Gs Aug, 26-to Sept: 25; 1913 and 1914, in collection of E. H. Blackmore; also 1 @ 1 9 from same locality, Sept. 5 to 25, 1913 and 1914, in my collection. This form is easily distinguished by its small size, lack of mark- ings and narrow median band besides the other points enumerated. Xanthorh6e defensaria Gn., var. gigantaria, var noy. Under this name I propose to describe the typical early spring form, which may be easily recognized by its large size, heavy markings and wide bands. Expanse 27-31 mm. The male has the general appearance of the male of the smaller summer form but differs in the fol- lowing points:—Size much larger; median bands _ broader and heavier; basal line black or dark brown and_ very wide, in fact so wide that it generally merges with some part of the extradiscal line and gives somewhat the appearance of a more or less suffused median band. In the normal defensaria the basal band appears to start, as a rule, below the costa, but in the present variety it runs from costa to inner margin. The o& holotype has no lines on the outer border, merely a few black points on the veins. There is the usual irregular marginal white line, beyond which the outer margin is dark. In some of the other specimens, however, the outer border varies from the normal gray, with many wavy lines, to a slightly yellowish shade; but the latter is uncommon. The female is as large and as striking as the male, the median 354 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST band is extremely wide and very dark and heavy. Between the basal band and the extradiscal the wing is so dark that only a broad, dark, intermediate band can be discerned. The median band is very deep reddish cholocate in colour. The outer border appears to be almost as in normal defensaria except that the lines are heavier. The hind wings of both sexes seem to have a slightly more yellowish shade than in the normal form, particulatly in the female, which in normal defensaria, is quite dark ashen. Be- neath there appears to be little difference except that the lines are heavier in the variety. This form does not appear so commonly in collections as one might expect, possibly because collectors neglect to start their work early enough in the season. One would hardly imagine this form was defensaria unless it were seen in series. Holotyfe-—c&, Cowichan Bay, B. C., April 26, 1906, in my collection, received through the kindness of Mr. F. H. Wolley Dod. Allotype—@, Victoria, B. C., May 10, 1914, collection of Mr. E. H. Blackmore. Paratypes—5 o's, April 21 to May 8, 1914 and 1915, 4 of them in Mr. Blackmore's collection, the fifth (with a somewhat intermediate, reddish, outer border; without date of capture) in the Victoria Museum collection; 2 o's, Duncans, B. C., April 22, 1914, Victoria, B. C., April 25, 1914, E. H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett; 2 2’s, Victoria, B. C., April 25 and 30, 1914 and 1915, E. H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett; 5 @’s, Victoria, B. C., April 22 to May 20, 1914 and 1915, in coll. Blackmore. Another very interesting variety of this spring form, which I believe to be a case of melanism, is the following :— XanthorhGée defensaria Gn., var. suppuraria var. nov. * Expanse 25-27 mm. The malc has light ashen fore wings with very faint, wavy lines on the outer border and a very wide, black or reddish-black central band, nearly twice as broad as in var. mephistaria Swett. The female is similar to the male, except that the outer margin is of a pale, flesh colour with only the twin, black dots showing strongly. The hind wings are of rather a pale ashen colour and thin in texture, though not so much so as in var. thana- taria Swett. . . THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 355 This appears to be a rare form and is much like mephistaria Swett except for the differences noted, viz., the wider, heavier median band and different shade of colour. In this variety, as well as mephistaria, the central band ‘ts solid black or reddish black, and the extradiscal and intradiscal lines can barely be seen. Holotype-—o, Victoria, B. C., April 25, 1915, E. H. Black- more, in coll. Swett. Allotype.— @ , Victoria, B. C., May 2, 1915, in coll. Blackmore. Paratypes—o, Victoria, B. C., April 25, 1915, in coll. Black- more; <, Victoria, B.C., June 2, 1914, E.H. Blackmore, in coll. Swett. This includes all the forms of Xanthorhée defensaria that might lead to confusion and they are connected by every intergradation, but I think it worth while only to describe the extreme forms, where I have a good series. Summary of the varieties of Xanthorhée defensaria Guen:— Time of appearance |Med. band of fore wing.| Outer border or outer | third of fore wing. X. defensaria Gn. July 3—Aug. 31.) Reddish chocolate ( @),) Dark gray. (summer form). {Light brown suffused |with blackish (<7). 1. Var. californiata July 3—Sept. 4.|Bright reddish brown} Light gray. Pack.?—amorata (summer form). (ops co unknown, Hulst. probably like typical |form. | 2. Var. conciliaria July 23— Sept. 18.|Reddish cinereous, al-| Ochre yellow, (also Swett. (summer form). j|most blackish (@ @).| basally). 3. Var. mephisiaria |June 6—Aug. 1.|\Solid black or reddish} Light ashen gray. Swett. (summer form). black (o Q). 4. Var thanataria ‘Aug. 1—Sept. 25. Very narrow, lighter| Pale ashen, almost Swett. '(Chiefly Sept.—fall or|thantypical, smallsized| without markings, more late summer form).|(o @). or less diaphanous. 5. Var. gigantaria April 20—May 22.)/Very wide, dark reddish} Dark gray. Swett. (spring form). brown (o'), dark red- \dish brown to cinereous HeeDe 6. Var. suwppuraria |April 15—May 2.\Very wide black or| Pale ashen gray, some- Swett. (spring form). reddish black (co @).| times ochreous tinge. These times of appearance are only approximate but give the dates of my series. Whether thanataria Swett is a late summer form or a third brood is a question which can only be answered by breeding. 356 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST I believe these forms will be easily recognized, and fewer mistakes will be made in the future. Packard evidently did not have a clear conception of Xanthorhée munitata Hiib., or defensaria Guen., for he mixed the species badly on plate VIII of the Monograph. Fig. 66 of this plate does not represent munitata Hiib., as Packard states, but male defensaria Guen. Fig. 67 of the same plate is not munitata var., as stated, but female defensaria, probably var. californiata Pack. X. munitata Hiib., has the intradiscal line strongly outcurved, where in defensaria it is nearly straight. Fig. 72, Pl. VIII, of the Monograph, appears very close to munitata, but there is always a doubt when figures are uncoloured. Dr. Dyar discusses X. defensaria in Proc. U. S. National Museum, vol. XXVII, pp. 779-938, 1904. Mr. Wolley Dod com- pares defensaria and munitata in Can. Ent., vol. XX XVIII, p. 254, 1906. In conclusion, I wish to thank Mr. E. H. Blackmore for the loan of specimens and valuable assistance, and Mr. H. Weiss for useful information and assistance in comparing X. amorata Hulst with defensaria Guen. SOME MUSICAL ORTHOPTERA* AT CLARENDON, VIRGINIA. BY H. A. ALLARD, WASHINGTON, D.C. Miogryllus saussurei Scudd. In June, 1914, the writer cap- tured several individuals of this small cricket in the short, matted grass of the dooryard of his home. These crickets appear very shy and are rather solitary in their habits. Their stridulation is a brief, rather faint, high-pitched, intermittent trill—tiiiii, of some species of Nemobius. Anurogryllus muticus DeGeer. In early June, 1914, the writer found great numbers of these crickets in a small pine grove.on a hillside just behind Mr. Able’s house near Vinson Station. These * The Orthoptera listed in this paper were kindy identified by Mr. A. N. Caudell of the U. S. National Museum. October, 1916 3 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 307 crickets appear to be somewhat arboreal in their habits, and were always seen upon the trunks of the pines from one foot to eight feet above the ground. They were never observed upon the ground, unless disturbed and forced to leap from the tree trunks. Very often several crickets could be seen upon the trunk of one small tree. The stridulations of these interesting crickets were heard about sundown and in the early part of the night. These crickets appeared to be very susceptible to weather changes and were heard only on very warm evenings. The trill is loud, continuous, high-pitched, very much re- sembling the trill of Gicanthus quadripunctatus or Cicanthus nigri- “cornis. In fact, when the writer first heard these crickets he was inclined to believe he was listening to some species of Gicanthus. Although in early June, 1914, Anurogryllus muticus appeared to be very common in the pine grove mentioned, none were heard a month later. They were not heard in this grove in 1915. This species appears to be very uncommon in this region and has not been located at any other point. Nemobius carolinus Scudder. This tiny Nemobius is very common beneath the leaves and grass of the roadsides throughout the summer. Its stridulation is a weak, continuous trill indefinitely prolonged. Great numbers of these crickets were trilling every- where beneath the herbage of the roadsides in 1915. They are persistent singers and may be heard throughout the night. In the coolness of the early morning they appear to be especially musical. They keep well concealed beneath the dead and matted herbage, and are exceedingly difficult to capture. Neoconocephalus robustus crepitans (Scudder). This cone- headed grasshopper is a very common species around Clarendon, Virginia, in August. If the evenings are warm and humid, their stridulations may be heard from sundown until well into the night. The stridulations of this insect are somewhat puzzling. Two well marked notes may be identified. The stridulations of the majority of individuals around Clarendon and Washington consist of a rather weak, continuous, snappy z-z-z-z-z-z. Occasionally, however, other individuals produce an entirely different note which is exceedingly loud, penetrating, and continuous, with a 358 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST peculiar, droning, buzzing whirr, and may be-heard for long dis- tances. So different are these notes that the writer was con- vinced he had captured another species. During the summer of 1915, several individuals of both groups were taken. Although it was first thought that those individuals characterized by the stronger note were generally larger and possibly came closer to N. robustus robustus, it was finally decided to refer all to the form N. robustus crepitans. The question is not solved, however, and needs further in- vestigation. Such well marked differences cannot possibly be associated with temperature relations, as the two stridulations may be heard in the same vicinity at the same time. The stronger note is far less commonly heard. Occasionally, stridulations somewhat intermediate between the two extremes may be heard. Rehn and Hebard* find that the N. robustus robustus and N. robustus crepitans intergrade within very narrow limits (Ocean View, New Jersey; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) although intermediate material has been found as far south as the District of Columbia. It is interesting to note that Davis -has noted differences in the stridulations of the two forms; the stridulations of robustus appearing to be louder than the stridulations of crepitans. Rehn and Hebard have noted a day song, or “sleep-song’’, for N. robustus robustus. They say: ‘This day song, or what might well be termed, sleep song, is in reality a brief and drowsy impulse giving just sufficient energy to the act of stridulation to demon- strate the sound produced when the vibrations are not at full speed, the irregularity of the sound resulting from the same cause.”’ The writer has noted a similar drowsy, half-hearted day song in the case of Neoconocephalus retusus (Scudder). It would be very interesting to determine to what extent hybridization could be brought about between typical forms of robustus and crepitans. It is possible that hybrid material would throw much light upon the exact status of these forms. * “A synopsis of the Species of the Genus Neoconocephalus found in North American North = Mexico."’ Trans. of the Am.- Ent. Soc. Vol. XL, No. 4, p. 365-413. ; "oes “in i aN delete ta /) THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 3909 NEW SPECIES OF NEW ENGLAND SARCOPHAGIDA:.* BY R. R. PARKER, BOZEMAN, MONT. Sarcophaga bullata, n. sp. 1913. Sarcophaga georgina** Felt, N.Y.State Museum, Bull. 165, Rept. State Entomologist for 1912, pp. 80-82, pl. 7, figs., 1, 2 and 3}. Habitats; description of-larval habits and of puparium. 1914. Sarcophaga sp, Parker, Can. Ent., vol. 47, p. 422. Related to S. cooleyt R. Parker. Types—Massachusetts Agricultural College, one male, one female. Faratypes—Massachusetts Agricultural College, 1 o, 1 2; United States National Museum, 17,1 9 (No. 19167); American - Museum of Natural History, 2 &,3 2; Boston Society of Natural History, 2 o'; Cornell University, 1 &, 1 9; collection of |. M. Ndrich= I2oj- @ © collection of writer; 6: ct; 5 29°. (#) Third antennal segment two and one-half to three and one-half times length of second; anterior portion of cheek clothed with black, posterior with whitish hair; hairs fringing calypters dark at fold, otherwise whitish except that those on inner portion of margin of upper (anterior) calypter are often dark; all tarsi shorter than their respective tibiz; anterior and posterior faces of pcsterior tibia with an equally strong beard of long, coarse, black hairs; hairy vestiture of lower surface of middle tibia increasing in length distally, short and not forming anterior and posterior beards; ventral surface of anterior coxa completely clothed with bristles that may be divisible into three irregular rows; only last two pairs of posterior dorsocentrals strong; except at sides, second and third ventral plates clothed with short, de- cumbent hair; genital segments dull orange, first either with hair- like, or weak marginal bristles. ee Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. ** Provisionally determined. t Figure 4. labelled as the genitalia of this species, is of Phormia regina (Meigen). October, 1916 360 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST (2) Third antennal segment two to three times length of second; anterior portion of cheek clothed with black, posterior with whitish hair; hairs fringing calypters dark at fold, otherwise whitish except that those on inner portion of margin of upper (anterior) calypter are often dark; ventral surface of anterior coxa with other bristles than those of the irregular rows at each side, sometimes more or less distinct row between them; only last two pairs of posterior dorsocentrals strong; abdomen clothed with short, reclinate bristles; genital segments slightly protuberant; the two broad, lateral lips of the first genital segment dull orange, near their edges usually turned abruptly backward (more protuberant), spiracles nearest to anterior margin: fifth segment not discernible, its spiracles when visible seem to open through lips of notum sixth (first genital segment); ventral plates of genital segments usually concealed. Length—9 to 15 mm., average 12 to 14 mm. ~(%) Head—Viewed from side parafrontals and gene, with dark reflections. Breadth of front at narrowest part from one- half to four-sevenths eye width; cheek height varies from one-third to one-half that of eye. Front rather prominent, sides of frontal vitta usually parallel but often slightly convergent backward | or the sides effaced just below ocellar triangle (especially in large specimens). Second antennal segment brownish at tip, rarely blackish throughout; third two and one-half to three and one-half times length of second, its inner, basal portion often pinkish or salmon-coloured; arista plumose to beyond the middle. Back of head somewhat convex, typically with two°complete rows of black cilia beyond eyes, sometimes with a partial third especially dorsally, otherwise clothed with whitish hair that completely covers metacephalon. Anterior portion of cheek clothed with black, posterior with white hair. Gena sparsely clothed with short hair or sometimes with three irregular rows on that half nearest eye orbit. 3 Chetotaxy—Lateral verticals absent; vibrisse inserted just above line of oral margin. Thorax—Metanotum clothed with short, quite erect, close set bristles. Hairs covering anterior spiracle dark brown basally, at least their outer halves yellowish; those of anterior margins of a f + 4 a Q THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 361 posterior spiracle either entirely dark brown or with yellowish tips, those of spiracular cover vary from brown with yellow tips to almost wholly yellowish. Epaulets dark. Wings—Bend of fourth vein normally a strongly acute angle; anterior cross-vein more basal than end of first longitudinal; third vein bristly; costal spine vestigial; section III of costa equals approximately one and two-thirds times section V; posterior margin of alule with or without fringe of hair; calypters whitish, fringe of hairs dark, otherwise whitish, but those on inner portion of margin of upper (anterior) calypter often dark. Legs—Dark; all tarsi shorter than their respective tibiz. Posterior trochanter with well defined ‘‘brush,”’ especially in large specimens: femur sub-cylindrical, clothed beneath with long hair that often becomes beard-like posteriorly; anterior face with three rows of bristles, those of intermediate row shortest and not de- veloped distally; posterior face without ventral row of bristles; tibia sometimes slightly curved, anterior and posterior faces each with an equally strong beard of long, coarse, black hair: fourth segment of tarsus at least one-half fifth. Middle coxa with a single row of bristles: femur -clothed beneath on posterior proximal half or more with long hair; anterior ventral row of short bristles complete, posterior row represented only by “comb” extending proximally to the long hair: hairy vestiture of lower surface of tibia increasing in length distally but short and not forming an- terior and posterior beards; submesotibial bristle present. Ventral surface of anterior coxa completely clothed with bristles that are sometimes separable into three irregular rows, one at each side and an intermediate that is usually less complete and sometimes indistinct. Chetotaxy—Anterior dorsocentrals short, slightly longer than vestiture of prascutum but slightly reclinate and not projecting above it; acrostichals absent; inner. presuturals, if present, very weak: last two pairs postsutural dorsocentrals strong, anterior to these three or four pairs that are weaker than those before the suture; preescutellar acrostichals present: scutellar apicals present: usually three sternopleurals, sometimes two but generally only on one side: lower sternopleura with a single row of bristles. 362 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Abdomen—Oval or somewhat conical; nota clothed above with short reclinate bristles, beneath with slightly longer, almost erect hair. Ventral plates, as a whole, with their sides converging posteriorly; vestiture of first long and erect, that of second and third short and decumbent except at sides. Posterior margin of fourth notum dorsally, also sometimes ventrally, usually of same colour as genital segments, sometimes not so coloured. Chetotaxy—Second segment without marginal bristles; third with two, often very stout; fourth with complete row ending ventrally in long hairs. Genital Segments—Prominent, often completely exposed, dull orange. First, (g. s.1) large, often partially yellowish pollinose, vestiture slightly shorter than that of second, ‘“‘humps”’ almost bare, in profile weakly curved, marginal bristles weak or hair like; second (g. s.2) rotund, not flattened, anal area small and not extending above middle of posterior surface. Forceps (f.) darkened at least on distal half, in profile the fine, hairy vestiture is seen extending almost to tips of prongs, which are strongly curved forward and approximated almost to tips but latter slightly spread; base with upward flap-like extensions clothed with fine hair that is slightly shorter than vestiture of second segment. Base of fourth ventral plate usually shows as a rounded ridge the posterior extremity of which is slightly knobbed showing promi- nently in profile, inner portion of lamellae at base thickly set with short, stubby bristles forming a “brush.”’ Genitalia—Distinctive. Accessory plates (a. p.) hairy; an- terior clasp2rs (a. c.) scarcely longer than posterior. (p. c. =pos- terior claspers; p. =penis.) (2) Females differ from males in the following important charactcrs. Head—Breadth at front at narrowest part varies from about five-sixths to same as eye width. Upper, inner orbits of eyes diverging downward. Thorax—Bristly vestiture shorter. Legs—Ali tarsi equal in length to tibia. Posterior trochanter with slender apical bristle: femur spindle-shaped; anterior face essentially with but two rows of bristles, those of lower row few and well separated, intermediate row may be represented by two THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 363 or three bristles proximally; posterior face with ventral row of long, well separated bristles on proximal half or slightly more. Anterior and posterior ventral rows of middle femur complete, but bristles weak and inconspicuous distally: submesotibial bristle very strong, sometimes a short bristle just above it. Chetotaxy—Anterior and anterior postsutural dorsocentrals shorter: usually three sternopleurals, sometimes four on one or both sides: lower sternopleura with a single row of bristles, often with several others just anterior to its lower part, otherwise clothed with hair. Abdomen—Oval; vestiture practically throughout of short, reclinate bristles. Genital Segments—Slightly protuberant, visible only from beneath or sometimes bristles of first segment may be seen from above. The two broad lateral lips of the first genital segment distinctly separated dorsally, their edges usually abruptly turned backward and fringed with bristles that decrease in length and size ventrally, dull orange, often yellowish pollinose, spiracles nearer to anterior than posterior margin. Fifth segment not discernible as such, its spiracles rarely visible and apparently open through lips of sixth segment (first genital). Ventral plates of genital segments concealed. Described from 15 males and 12 female specimens, 62 others examined. Range—New England: Mass.: Woods Hole, Cohasset, Gloucester, Rockland, North Abington, Andover, Forest Hills, Wellesley, Amherst, Springfield; Mre.: Fryeburg, Capens; COoNnN.: New Haven. United: States N.Y, NJ 40N.C. Gas Fla.,déa., Il.; Ohio, (nd. The fact that the vestiture of the anterior portion of the cheeks is black and that the posterior is white together with the two beards of equivalent value on the posterior tibia is sufficient to distinguish males of this species from others known in New Eng- land at least. Sarcophaga hemorrhoidalis Meigen and S. dalmatina Schiner while very distinct might possibly be confused with it by one not familiar with the group; the above characters will immediately differentiate them. Females of both these species 364 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST are separated from S. bullata by the character of the cheek vestiture and the notum of the first genital segment which is composed of one piece, as are the abdominal nota, and not divided into two lips. In addition, the female of S. dalmatina has one complete row of cilia behind the eyes instead of two. In a discussion following the description of Sarcophaga cooleyi R. Parker (Can. Ent., vol. 46, pp. 417-423, Dec., 1914), known at present only from Montana, Wyoming and Utah, it was suggested that this species and SS. bullata were close relatives. The genital segments of the females are very similar; those of cooleyi are in- teresting in that they show (at the sides) parts of a distinct fifth abdominal (sixth morphological) segment with its spiracles. Among my _ material are several reared specimens of S. bullata which have light rather than dark palpi. The parts of the penis may be less compact and separated to a greater extent than figured in the drawing. Felt (1913, see bibliography) described the larval and pupal stages from specimens reared on the head of a dead calf. From larviposition to adult was found to take from thirty-four to thirty- Fig. 19. bigs 2 ts eh ogee sp-, genital cjx days (Aug. 12° to Sept. 15 to 17). Dr. Felt very kindly sent me six females from the specimens reared, which are unquestion- ably S bullata. Metz (Station for Experimental Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island), during the summer of 1914 reared this species on meat in several experiments. Undoubtedly it breeds in carrion. I also have records of its capture on cow dung, and at Springfield, Mass., captured it on human excrement. One specimen in the Massachus2tts Agricultural College collection is’ labelled as caught flying around the “burrows of Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Linneus).’’ A female received from C. H. Richardson. was captured on cow dung. Specimens have also been reared from eggs. (To be continued) ¥ “Mailed Qctober 13, 1916 E he aadtay Funtomoloqist. VoL. XLVIII. LONDON, NOVEMBER, 1916 No; 11 POPULAR AND PRACTICAL ENTOMOLOGY. THE CONTROL. OF ANTS IN DWELLINGS.—A NEw REMEDY.* BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CHIEF ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. A simple remedy for the control of ants in dwellings has long been a desideratum. The usual recommendations are: locate the nest outside and destroy the occupants by pouring into the entrance a quantity of bisulphide of carbon, kerosene emulsion, or even boiling water; trap the ants by placing on the shelves or other parts of the house frequented, sponges which have been soaked in sweetened water and which afterwards, with the ants therein collected, are dropped into boilinz water; etc. Such other well- known recommendations as have been made from time to time need not be mentioned here. During the summer of 1916, the common carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, was extremely abundant in a summer cottage in the Gatineau hills near Chelsea, Que., which my family occupied throughout the season. They were particularly numerous about the kitchen, frequenting especially a cross-beam near the chimney, close to which they evidently had established their headquarters. From this point they wandered throughout the kitchen and dining-room, getting into bread and cake boxes, etc., in fact, proving generally a decided nuisance. The problem of controlling ants in dwellings, therefore, became an immediate personal one, but fortunately a very simple one. Knowing the success which the United States Bureau of Entomology had had in controlling roaches with sodium fluoride, I obtained some of this powder and applied it during the evening of May 24, by * Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa. 366 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST means of a small puffer or dust gun. The powder was dusted into the openings between the beam and the roof, as also into other cracks or openings nearby. The following morning the ants were not nearly so noticeable, so I went over the ground again on the evening of May 25. Since this last date, practically no ants were seen in our cottage in the places where previous to the use of the sodium fluoride they were very abundant. The result of our first test of the use of this chemical as a remedy for ants in dwellings was so satisfactory that every opportunity of further experimenting with it was taken advantage of. On May 27, I visited another summer cottage in the outside kitchen of which the common shed-builder ant, Cremastogaster lineolata, was present in countless numbers, causing much anxiety from its habit of crawling over tables, shelves, etc. In this dwelling the ants also frequented the beams supporting the roof. The sodium fluoride was dusted into the cracks between the beams and the roof and also on to shelves, etc., where the ants were present in numbers. An examination was made of this kitchen during the following evening and practically all the ants had disappeared, only a few here and there being observed. Only one application was made. The owner of this dwelling recently informed me that no further annoyance was caused by the ants during the remainder of the season. In other nearby cottages, too, the same results were obtained, and from owners of summer dwellings on the Rideau Lakes and other places in the vicinity of Ottawa, to whom recommendations were made to use the sodium fluoride, the reports received have been similar and in all cases satisfactory. In one instance in the city of Ottawa the carpenter ant, Camponotus pennsylvanicus, was present in annoying numbers in the kitchen of an apartment house. The insects entered through a door which opened on to a balcony. In this instance the sodium fluoride was simply dusted — on the floor near the door. After its use on two occasions only no further ants entered the apartment. In this latter instance the powder was simply placed in a shell vial and dusted on to the floor through a cheese-cloth covering which had been tied over the opening. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 367 THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE EGGS OF APHIS PoMI AND APHIS AVEN TO HyprocyaAnic Acip GAs FORMATION. BY WILLIAM A. ROSS, DOMINION ENTOMOLOGICAL LABORATORY, VINELAND STATION, ONTARIO. It is of economic interest to note that the fumigation of young apple trees with hydrocyanic acid gas just before or shortly after the buds commence to swell not only controls the San José scale, but it also destroys the eggs of aphides. In the spring of 1914, we procured from a local nursery seven apple trees well stocked with the eggs of Aphis pomi and Aphis avene. Three of the trees were fumigated for forty-five minutes with hydrocyanic acid gas (1 oz. KCN to 100 cubic feet, 1:1:3 formula), and the others were used as checks. None of the eggs on the fumi- gated nursery stock hatched, whereas large numbers hatched on the check trees. This spring the foregoing experiment was duplicated. and the same highly satisfactory results were obtained—100 per. cent of the aphid eggs were destroyed. In the 1914 experiment the nursery stock was fumigated eight days, and in the 1916 experiment six days before the eggs on the check trees commenced to hatch. A CHANGE OF SYNONYMY IN XYLOMIGES (LEPID.). BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD. The species described by Smith as Xylomiges pallidior is identical with simplex Walk. Harvey's crucialis, hitherto mis- identified as simplex, is distinct. Even after seeing Smith’s type and possessing specimens of both forms, it was some years before I was at all sure that the species really existed, as the difference appeared to be merely varietal. But, as time went on and I saw and acquired more material, their distinctness became ap- parent. Having become satisfied as to the existence of two species, judged by superficial characters alone, I got Mr. Tams to make several mounts of the genitalia of each, including Vancouver Island specimens of both forms. These were found to differ in such a way as to make their separation quite easy. Being at present separated from my specimens and mounts by several thousand miles, | am unable to state concisely just what these differences are, but hope to make it clear some day. November, 1916. 368 ' THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Smith published a photograph of his type in the Canadian Entomologist, leaving the identity of his species beyond doubt. I also possessed a specimen “Xd. type” with Walker's simplex. But as that comparison had been made at a time when I had failed to recognize two species, | was unable to place any reliance on the comparison. I was, however, quite satisfied ds to the distinctness of crucialis from pallidior. Hampson published a figure of pallidior, made from another, of the type, sent to him by Smith, which is quite recognizable. His woodcut of simplex is not so good, but my notes on Walker's type were such as to lead me to suspect strongly that I had made a mistake and that Smith also had fallen into his oft-repeated error, in that, whilst recognizing two very closely allied species, instead of seeking a re-identification of simplex, he had chesen to assume its correctness, and created a synonym. I accordingly sent Sir George Hampson a few specimens of each, stating my suspicions, carefully pointing out the distinctive charac- ters, and requesting him to re-examine Walker's type. His diagnosis was in accordance with my suspicions, and I have since visited the British Museum and corroborated his evidence, which results in the synonymy here cited. I regret being unable, at present, to publish a close comparison of the two species, for reasons given above, but feel safe in emphasizing the following points: Crucialis is slightly longer-winged than simplex, the discoidal spots are a trifle smaller, and the subterminal line or series of blackish streaks is arranged so as to form two oblique triangular shades. In simplex they form a more regular and even series, about parallel with the termen. The two species occur together and are not rare on Vancouver Island.- Whilst crucialis has usually the clearest white ground colour of the two, both have a dark, almost suffused, grey variation. I have been misled into - mistaking the extreme dark variations of either species for one form, the corresponding light variations for the other, and must warn others against falling into this error. It must be admitted that the two species are not easily distinguished unless well known. The synonymy stands as follows:— Xylemiges simplex Walk. : pallidior Smith. Xylomiges crucialis Harr. * simplex Smith et al., nec Walk. P i © oy a See ee THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 369 . NOTES ON THE PSAMMOCHARIDA DESCRIBED BY PROVANCHER, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A® NEW. SPECIES: BY S. A. ROHWER:. Bureau of Entomology, Washington, D. C. The following notes on the types of the species of Psammo- charide, described by Abbé Provancher, were made in June, 1915, and presented with the hope that they will enable Hymenopterists to understand these species better. The new species here described had previously been considered to be minima Provancher, but is easily distinguished from that species as the following notes will show. | No types were definitely designated by Provancher, and in the collection there is no indication as to which specimen is type. In this paper the word “‘type,”’ etc., is used in the sense of “‘électfo- type.” Cia Ceropates (superba Provancher)—robinsoni Cresson. Type in Harrington collection; paratype bearing yellow label “766” Derniére Provancher Collection Public Museum, Quebec. The synonymy indicated by Fox is no doubt correct. Ceropales minima Provancher. Type a male with blue label ‘'124”’ (script) and yellow label “1420” (printed) in Derniére Provancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. This is very probably a dark form of fraterna Smith, although no specimens with as few yellow marks on the abdomen are avail- able. In the type the dorsal aspect of the propodeum is granular with a feeble, short, median sulcus, the posterior face is trans- versely aciculato-granular; the third cubital on the cubitus is twice as long as the second, and on the radius but little shorter than the second; the head is granular and has no median sulcus on the front. Ceropales foxii, new species. In Fox’s synopsis of North America Cerop ales (Trans. Amer. Ent Soc, vol. 19, 1892) this species will fall near femoralis Cresson, November, 1916. 370 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST but may be distinguished from it by a number of characters as the following description will show. ~ Male—Length 5 mm. Clypeus very gently, arcuately emarginate; front granular and with a few scattered distinct punc- tures, and a shallow elongate fovea at about the middle; vertex and posterior orbits shining almost impunctured; postocellar line distinctly shorter than the ocellocular line; antenne subequal to the length of the head and thorax, the third and fourth joints subequal; thorax shining with a few sparse punctures; the dorsal plate of mesepisternum with larger punctures than the lower; second pleural suture foveolate; propodeum granular with a distinct sulcus, the base of which is foveolate; nervulus slightly antefurcal; first intercubitus strongly curved towards the base; second and third cubital cells subequal on the radius, but on the cubitus the third is distinctly longer: longer calcarium of hind tibie three-fourths the length of the hind basitarsus; abdomen shining. Black; clypeus except a basal median spot, inner orbits to near top of eye, spot between antenna, scape beneath, posterior orbits except medially, lateral anterior dorsal angles and posterior margin of pronotum, spot on metanotum, and lateral, apical spots on first three tergites yellow or yellowish-white; flagellum piceous; legs beyond bases of femora rufo-piceous; wings hyaline, venation yellowish, costa, subcosta and base of stigma brown; posterior face of propodeum and the hind coxz with dense silvery pile, the rest of the body without dense pile. Falls Church, Va. Described from one male collected July 22, by S. A. Rohwer and named in honour of W. J. Fox, the reviser of the North American species of this genus. Type—Cat. No. 20118, UsS. N. M. Ageniella atrata (Provancher). Location of type not known. Allotype (co) has blue label 125" (script) and yellow label ‘1417” (printing), and is in Derniére Provancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. The allotype is the same as the species treated by Banks (Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, 1912 (1911) p. 234) under this name. - THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST 371 Ageniella perfecta (Provancher). Type male bearing yellow label “783” in the Derniére Pro- vancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. The type runs to perfecta in Banks’ table (Jn. N. Y. Ent. Soc., vol. 19, 1912 (1911) p. 234) but differs from a specimen (in Banks’ collection) determined as that species in the shape of the third cubital, which is larger and has the outer margin oblique (not curved) and the second recurrent is a little beyond middle. Ageniella rufigastra (Provancher). Type female bearing blue label 122” (script) and yellow label “1419” (printing) in Derniére Provancher | Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. This species has usually been considered a synonym of congrua Cresson, but the type differs from a homotype of congrua made by Banks (in coll. Banks) in the blackish hind legs and in the decidedly postfurcal nervulus. Episyron griseus (Provancher). Provancher’s type is a male, not female, and is in the Derniére Provancher Collection in the Public Museum of Quebec, bearing a yellow label “1011” on pin. This species is related to biguttatus etc., but may be dis- tinguished by the angulate posterior margin of pronotum and absence of markings on the abdomen. The abdominal markings are, however, not constant, and specimens from Canada (Baker collection) in the National Museum, which have the posterior margin of the pronotum angulate but have two lateral spots on the third tergite, have been placed under Provancher’s species. Pompiloides apicatus (Provancher). ; Type female bearing yellow label ‘‘769" in Derniére Pro- vancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. The following notes may aid in the determination of this species. Propodeum shining with a distinct median furrow; second and following tergites with appressed pile; nervellus post- furcal; first intercubitus strongly curved; third intercubitus 372 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST distinctly angulate; eves nearly parallel the antennocular line longer than the interantennal line; antenne rather short and stout. Pompiloides (castaneus Provancher)—argenteus (Cresson). Type male bearing yellow label ‘774”’ and name label ‘‘argen- teus Cress.’ Derniére Provancher Collection, Public Museum, Quebec. Provancher’s manuscript list proves that this is type of caslaneus. Argenteus (Cresson) agrees with all of the notes made on castaneus, and there seems to be but little doubt that the synonymy indicated by Provancher is correct. Batazonus coquilletti (Provancher). Type male Cat. No. 1980, U. S. Nat. Mus. This is probably a synonym of navus Cresson. DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SESIID. BY WILLIAM BEUTENMULLER, NEW YORK. Gaéa arizonensis, sp. nov. Female.—Fore wings opaque, golden orange red, dusted with fuscous in the intervenular parts. All the veins, rather heavily marked with fuscuous. Discal mark fuscous, edged with orange red. Hind wings transparent, veins fuscous, and the outer margins narrowly edged with orange red. Fringes fuscous. Under side of fore wings with the intervenular parts considerably - brighter, orange red, as also the transverse discal mark, which is wholly orange red. Hind wings similar to the above, but with the narrow, orange red margins brighter. Head black; palpi yellow. Antenne orange red, fuscous terminally and decidedly clavate. Abdomen brown-black with a broad, yellow band on the posterier edge of each segment, except the fourth, the last three bands broader than the three basal ones. Anal tuft lemon yellow. Under side of abdomen, with all the bands much broader and the fourth also banded. Posterior legs yellow, joints black, femora black (remaining legs wanting). Expanse 25 mm. Habitat—Pinal Mts., Arizona. Described from a single female. Type: collection Dr. William Barnes. INevember, 1916. CANS ENT Ole esi villis PEATE ok. 1.—Type of Tortrix oleraceana sp. nov., natural size. 2.—Type of 7. oleraceana, enlarged four times. 3.—Leaf of cabbage showing edges rolled by the larva of JT. oleraceana. THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST Sia A NEW SPECIES OF TORTRIX OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE, FROM NEWFOUNDLAND (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDA:).* BY ARTHUR GIBSON, CHIEF ASSISTANT ENTOMOLOGIST, IN CHARGE OF FIELD -CROP INSECT INVESTIGATIONS, . DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA. Towards the end of July, 1915, Mr. Albert J. Boyle, the Acting Secretary of the Newfoundland Agricultural Board, St. John’s, Newfoundland, sent to the Dominion Entomologist leaves of cabbages which were infested by a small tortricid larva. The caterpillars pupated in transit, and moths emerged at Ottawa as follows: three on August 9 and one on August 17. The cater- pillars, we were informed, were present in very destructive numbers on some farms near St. John’s, Nfd., in fact on one farm, according to Mr. Boyle who personally investigated the outbreak, the whole of the first and much of the second plantings of cabbages were destroyed by the larve. The larva curls the leaf like other tor- tricids; this habit is shown in the figure herewith, the photograph having been taken from material received from St. John’s. Mr. Boyle informed us that oftentimes in spring cabbage plants are imported into Newfoundland from Ireland, and for this reason we thought that the moth might be the European species, Tortrix virgaureana Tr. Two specimens were, therefore, forwarded to Dr. Guy A. K. Marshall, Director of the Imperial Bureau of Entomology, who submitted them to Mr. Durrant, of the British Museum. Mr. Durrant examined the specimens but could not associate them definitely with zvirgaureana. Dr. Marshall reported that the black spots in the Newfoundland insect are much better defined than in any of the British species and are rather more numerous. Mr. August Busck, of the U. S. National Museum, also kindly examined a specimen of the New- foundland moth and reported that it is undoubtedly closely allied * Contribution from the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. November, 1916. 374 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST to Tortrix wahlbomiana L. var. virgaureana Tr., but that it did not match any of the more than fifty bred European specimens in the Museum. He also added, “‘nor is it any of our described . North American species.”’ In view of the economic importance of the insect it seems desirable to give it a definite name, and, therefore, I propose the following: Tortrix oleraceana, sp. nov. Labial palpi gray outside irrorated with cream, pale cream inside with darker tips. Antenne, head, body and fore-wings neutral gray, thickly irrorated with cream. The fore-wings bear conspicuous, blackish, irregular spots. In the inner half of the wing these spots are arranged to form an imperfect letter W; they occur as follows: a double transverse anterior series, more or less joined together and extending from the costa to a distance of about three-quarters of the width of the wing; from the posterior — end of the anterior series the spots extend obliquely forward to within one-quarter the width of the wing from the costa, and then obliquely backward, joining, a little below the centre of the wing, the inside spots of a double median series which form the distal arm of the W and extend rather closer to the inner margin than the anterior series. ‘The spots in the median series are not so fre- quent. In the space above the internal angle of the W there are \ also a few blackish spots. In the distal half of the wing a number of blackish spots are present, extending from the costal to the dorsal area; these latter spots are not arranged after any pattern but occur chiefly toward the margins; near the outer margin the spots are distinctly larger and form a submarginal row. Outer margin blackish with ‘a cream edge. Cilia concolorous with wing. On the costa near the outer row of the transverse anterior spots are two conspicuous cream-coloured areas between which is a blackish blotch; two other distinct cream-coloured costal areas are also present in the distal half of wing, the inner one of which adjoins the outer arm of the W. Between these two latter cream- coloured spots there is a blackish, V-shaped costal spot. In addi- tion to these pale costal areas, there are also a few other cream- ; THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST a5 coloured spots, not so large or distinct, chiefly in the apical area of the wing. ’ Hind wings wholly neutral gray, irrorated with cream. Body beneath pale metallic cream. Legs gray, outside irrorated with cream and crossed by bands of the same colour; pale cream inside. Alar expanse 19 mm. Type deposited in collection of the Entomological Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. Variations.—During the present year (1916) the insect has again been destructive in Newfoundland, and Mr. Boyle has for- warded to us specimens of the larve from which additional moths have been reared. The description of the type given above answers closely to all of the specimens reared (8) with the exception of two specimens which differ in having each fore-wing crossed with two irregular whitish bands, in addition to which there is a basal and an apical patch of the same colour. These specimens are labelled metatypes A and B respectively in the collection of the Entomological Branch. The bands and patches on the fore-wings of metatype A are conspicuously whitish, those on B being more of a sordid white. THE HEA TT COLLECTIGON-Ob-LEPIDOPEERA, = BY F. H. WOLLEY DOD. (Continued from Page 232.) Hadena sp. A single specimen without date, broken and verdigrised, standing as didonea Sm., I believe to be of an unde- scribed species closely allied to indirecta Grt., and use a manuscript name for it in my private notes. A specimen of it stood wrongly under didonea in Smith’s own collection. I have seen some half dozen specimens from widely separate localities. Hadena egens Walk. (syn. transfrons Newm.). Hadena claudens Walk. Some of the specimens stood as albertina Hamps., possibly on my authority. Dr. McDunnough November, 1916. 376 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST is of the opinion that albertina is not distinct from claudens, which is very likely correct. Hadena misclioides Gn. Macerata Sm. under which name the species stood, is the same thing. So also is miscellus. Hadena fractilinea Grt. Polia contacta Walk. (syn. pulverulenta Sm.). Two specimens, standing as extincta, doubtless on Smith’s authority. - It may possibly be correct, but extincta is at present unidentified in collec- tions. Polia acutissima Grt. (syn. medialis Grt ). Heath used often to distribute this species as confragosa Morr. That is very likely correct, though no one is able to state so positively at present. Dryobota illocata Walk. Hyppa xylinoides Gn Trachea delicata Grt. One specimen. Euplexia lucipara Linn. Mr. Tams finds that the male genitalia of all the North American /ucipara he has so far examined differ from those of British specimens. Actinotia ramosula Gn. One female, July 30th, 1910. Dipterygia scabriuscula Linn. Pyrophila pyramidoides Gn. Helotropha reniformis Grt. A very fine and variable series. Some stood under plutonia Grt. Laphygma frugiperda S & A. PIDs Ordinary Sheet Cork, 12x4x3/16 ins. at 12c. per sheet; 35c. per sq. foot. American Black-Japanned Insect Pins, No. 210 in packets of 500. No. 0, 90 cents; Nos. 1 to 6, 75 cents per packet. No Assorted Packages The above prices include postage. ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO, GUELPH ee ae a i — Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine A JOURNAL DEVOT2D TO GENERAL ENTOMOLO Y It contains descriptions of new genera and species in all orders (British and foreign), life-histories, reviews of new works, etc., mn is illustrated by at least two chromo-lithograpbic plates per « nnum. Vol LII was commenced in January, 1916. The subscription for the twelve numbers is s‘x shillings per annum, post free. Ad ess the publishers : GURNEY & JACKSON, 33 Paternoster Row, London, E. C- Advertisements are inserted at low rates. For terms, ap)! 'o R. W. LLOYD, |. 5, Albany, London, W., England. ty / a/ Ae eee fy Ree & > - oi ai By | iil | | | iS = = E = | Pet PA Af PAPAS Peel >| Tae a ae i Patiala at ee tke ae ee a . sd a af wwe Fe? eT PF , 7 ? Coe rere ree re et ee a eee eS ° see e- . > e+e o>) os Ge oe oon ee * i ore € + +++ 4 ee herr arerre® ’. 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