| . Set EAE EMR WS Mae : : i She Hitt Sa haa? me F nie Pee wis ‘alates PRED EN Wa the AY ’ . ’ ‘i * : Cie : : ‘ y Nine TES . PEAY gsr aiheet R Valea “ Tes ' * Nahata ee teretgennn’g theists vis Reet rae eer + “ toa bets Sean nae Serene sertt Tee snd . . 3 7 _ : : oa . h 4 y 7 aS a Pr) . - a 9 Aspnes. a = £5 betel sui : SercoanS certs PT its ReneS aero cece . seals ane! tie mere svemaryiame ee Vises nae | motes egress 7 . i . ig . ~ sat ‘ 1 ‘ es an sae =e pore cuinaise panos tes a a See rs fore cca erreny teens by as bras me oyipeneas re ~ Ew eteewevs Midas sree os peeve ety rates eis at ona sabren\hs Fake ; ‘ . ' ae ee bed ; Meat area peeey é tay ote a t f ‘ : Ma thet . te. bet ie \ . . ” wane > ‘ ‘ ' Aepeen m Mel sseut ade a iracereothe : : Ae aN ‘i ' Po ed ‘ “ Ppt te bee Aaa x - . ‘ ae sapere teristic F aa f mie . z ‘urs Ue ; i : ru, of ‘ ‘ vite: ty anes 2 , ; : : : int Mee ahd ot es “ : iP ‘ yt } . ? Par eerste) on Mes al : Be of Toror GARDEN CITY PRESS, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, JANUARY, 1920. THE ANA™IAN YY YY Yj et, mem i THE “GG” If a Gulowsen Grei Engine had been in existence in the days of the flying dutchman, it would have been the hidden power that drove so quietly and at such speed the phantom ship. G. G. Heavy Oil Engines are known the world over for their low fuel consumption and quietness of operation while running at top speed. Gulowsen Sales Corporation NEW YORK, SEATTLE, CHRISTIANIA. ~ 20 676202 _ CANADIAN FISHERMAN aa«a#wst Steamships and Vessel Owners. oo Ladiceport Cold Storage Co. LIMITED | | W. M. Hodge. President. . PRODUCER 5 Live Shore Ocean Fish] Frozen i Cod - Haddock - Herring - Mackerel z --- Smoked --- a Fillets - Haddies - Kippers - Bloaters + Car lots a Specialty. Plant, Smoke house and Freezer, LOCKEPORT, Nova Scotia. Canadian Food Control License:—No, 1—093. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 7 wor 7 Cried “ ‘ etna é i a peed siaah pink ot ns a Aa 7 nine yt le hi eth RS a > peer ey t Tepe Foate io HE ‘‘Lion Brand”’ factory has earned country wide fame as the place ‘““‘Where Cordage comes from”’-- It has supplied cordage since 1825, which is now used all over the Country. It is a factory in Canada, manu- facturing as it were one product, Cordage, by Canadians for Cana- dians. The Fact that we have been manu- facturing and selling Cordage for over 90 years in our best advertisement. Our Coast to Coast Service enab- les all our patrons to procure “Lion Brand” promptly anywhere in Can- ada. A trial will convince you of all we say about it. Consumers Cordage Co., Limited ESTABLISHED 1825 MILLS AT DARTMOUTH, N.S.: AND MONTREAL BRANCHES AT TORONTO AND ST. JOHN, N.B. Tees & Persse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Moose Jaw, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Qucbec; Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C. CANADIAN FISHERMAN January, 1920 Codes: Cable Address: Armsby . “*Brokers.’’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners 9“ M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. “eet Salmon Canners Commission Agents _ Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” — “SOCKEYE” “SUNDIAL” “COHOES” “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS" ~ >. _. Jannary,..1920 CANADIAN PISHERMAN BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA’S PREMIER FISHERY PROVINCE In her territorial and off-shore fisheries, British Columbia contributes two- fifths of the entire catch of the Dominion. The coast of British Columbia, embracing all the sea-front which lies between the 49th and 55th parallels of north latitude, presents an ideal field for the establishment and profitable operation of a great fishing industry in all its branches. The coast is so indented by numerous sounds, bays and inlets, many stretching inland for long distances, that the actual shore-line (including Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Group) exceeds 15,000 miles. The Mainland coast is protected from ocean storms by thousands of islands, which serve to form a vast, land-locked maze of waters, teeming with sea life of many varieties,—from the mighty whale to the tiny sardine—while the beaches are alive with shell-fish. Beyond this great natural fish preserve, the North Pacific and Behring Sea afford deep-sea fishing grounds eclipsing the North Atlantic in their wealth of food fishes. Although the British Columbia fisheries show remarkable development in some branches, it may be confidently stated that the Industry is still in the initial stage, for 80 per cent. of the yearly output is credited to salmon, which (with the exception of halibut) is the only fish which has so far been taken in large quantities. During the year 1917 the value of fish caught and landed in the Province was over twenty-one and a half million dollars ($21,500,000). For information regarding British Columbia’s Fisheries, write The Bureau of Provincial Information VICTORIA, . : . B.C. CANADIAN FISTERMAN - January, 1920 1 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 INCORPORATED 198 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER. CANADA i SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 814 iLAWAD Fishing Steamers and Schooners: TYEE NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR Cold Storage Plants: Subsidiary Companies: VANCOUVER, CANADA THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. j KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Prince Rupert, Canada. Boston, Mass. Gloucester, Mass. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine, ~ St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of © Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish F RESH - FROZEN eg SALT i The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, CANADA Subsidiary: Atlin Fisheries, Ltd., Prince Rupert British, Steamers:.. . FLAMINGO CELESTIAL EMPIRE KINGSWAY CANADA IMBRICARIA Canadian Auxiliary Schooners: PESCAWHA CARLOTTA G. COX TASOO ZORRA TARTOO INSKIP KANO SKALU KITGORA . NESTO Cold Storage and Ice Making Plants at Vancouver, Canada SALMON, HERRING AND PILCHARD CANNERY. We are the Largest Canadian Producers and Shippers of Pacific Coast Fresh and Frozen Fish CARLOAD SUIPMENTS MADE to all PARTS of the UNITED STATES and CANADA January, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish || HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) Ci ORRE SPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. CANADIAN FISHERMAN ’ January; 1920. QUALITY I$ THE REAL BASIS OF VALUE eS _ FLOOR SPACE 200,000 SQ.FT OUR NEW FACTORY WILL EMBRACE THE MOST MODERN IDEAS SCHMIDT PRODUCTS : j OF EFFICIENCY AND THE INSTALLATION OF NEW MACHINERY LABELS cs 2 ASSURANCE to ouR CUSTOMERS CARTONS eo PROSPECTIVE CUSTOMERS POSTERS THAVILL BE MADE ADVERTISING m TO RENDER DISPLAYS % Dosen TO THAT GIVEN IN THE PAST BRANCH OFFICES LOS ANGELES + FRESNO PORTLAND = SEATTLE SACRAMENTO - HONOLULU CANADIAN PISHERMAN “A Kermath Always Runs’’ The more experience a man has had with Marine Engines the more certain he is that Kermath Engines are rightly con- sidered the standard by which all four cycle engines must be judged. Consider the fact that Kermath Engines are standard equipment with more than sixty per cent of all the boat builders in the world, and you will agree that here is an engine that a man can buy with a feel- ing of security. An engine that he knows will be right, and that will give him won- derful service at less cost and for longer time than is usual. Now service and economy in a Marine Engine are never accidental qualities. Every Marine Engine manufacturer may be assumed to build as well as he knows DETROIT “America’s Standard Four Cycle Engine” The Great Popularity of Kermath Engines Is Due to the Very Satisfying Service They Give Boat Owners how. It is a question of the maker’s ex- perience and ability and integrity and knowledge. Kermath Engines have been on the mar- ket a number of years—and every year the demand for them increases——for really dependable Marine Engines are not so very common. Vibration cut down to the minimum— none of the usual rack and strain on the engine. Prices $400.00 to $550.00—depending on equipment. Look up the dealer or builder who can sell you a Kermath—he is a man worth knowing. You’ll find him an expert on Marine Engines. Write for Booklet Giving Interesting Facts About Marine Engines. Address: Department: N ‘'=KERMATH Mf¢ Co = MICHIGAN. 10 . CANADIAN FISHERMAN . January, 1920 Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery Equipment RETORTS, ~ EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, .. CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, \, CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of / TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN ~F WHEN LABOR TROUBLE t LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over ; the old style, is only one of Hiller for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (2:7f°tnd ave the enchenra January, 1920 CANADIAN PISHERMAN ll Cable Address:--“"DAVECONNOR,” VANCOUVER, ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. I. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union “rg of Canada « Vancouver, so C.; New Hork, U.S.A. and London, E: VANGOUVER, B.C. COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION D. CONNOR isting t 70 Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; 510 Winch Building Addresse par Cable:-"-DAVECONNOR,”’ VANCOUVER, et Londres. Angleterre. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Direceién Cablegrafica icra D. CONNO Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado CORREDOR DE SALMON EXPORTADOR Y COMERCIANTE COMISIONISTA REFERENCIAS:- 510 Winch Building - e Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. PRECIOS C. I. F. Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. VANCOUVER, B.C. q [ Maritime Fisheries, Limited | D. T. SANDISON, Managing Director 4 | Packers and Exporters: CANNED SALMON SCOTCH CURED HERRING FISH OIL AND FERTILIZER Head Office: 802-804 Credit Foncier Bldg, Vancouver, B.C. - pecially W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es- CHUMS. Cable ‘‘GENERAL" in the following codes: Plant: Aliford Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columb ia. onsier, Western Union 5 letter, 5th edition, THE BRAND OF EXCELLENCE Fish Pastes in 4 oz. Glass Jars Bloater. Anchovy, Sardine Kippered Herring Bloaters Boneless Herring Smoked Salmon Herring Chicks Kippered Salmon Scaled Herring Kippered Cod Scotch Cered Herrings in Barrels, Half-Barrels and Pails Packers of :— ed : ‘ CANADIAN FISHERMAN. January, 19205 C. O. Julian & Co. ‘iis Producers and slid yaaa Distributors SALT FISH : ' _ Dry for Salt - Criental Herring Export Hardwood Barrels 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia and Half Barrels LEVESONS, LIMITED } Incor ven ray pap et mathe nder f g EKPORTERS, IMPORTERS, a cevaieer nied! AGENTS For Mackerel, Herring Agents for Bovril, Limited, ‘‘Tri ping Deer pone i Canned * Dhmninion Butane, Tar iidede St. Ri “aon red Canada and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMEN1S atthe get The Charles Mueller Co., Limited a meer poe FROZEN FISH Waterloo, iv Ontario Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern, East R tative: 236 N. Clarke St. 3 :: CHICAGO penne den csi sft go ataar 4 B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. ESTABLISHED 1900 HERBERT JOURNEAUX THE FAMOUS BAY CHALEUR BRAND Crossley Net Lifting Machines cARRESH SMELTS. LOBSTERS actrees For Steam or Gasoline Power LOBSTERS CASPE SALMON ETC. For Fresh or Salt Water Head Office. PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. Crossley Steam Steering Gear Fl Entirely Automatic with 9 H. na Engine Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships “‘The Machines That Have No Equal’”’ Walter Lambert, M.ILN.A. Net Leads of All Sizes NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER Write for Catalogue __ 700 Drummond Bldg., MONTREAL Crossley Lead and Machine Company, Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting ERIE, PA. — J} SMITH & RITCHIE MEN—-MINUTES—MONEY FISH SALESMEN ‘i773 You-can save labor, save time, save Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street a {=| space and facilitate handling for stor- G LA S G Ow K =] age, inspection or removal by using an ; —— ECONOMY ST OPEN.to RECEIVE consignments of : TIERIN oe FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT E — ING MACHINE — Write for Complete Facts on the CORRESPONDENCE INVITED Economy System. AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT Made in Canada exclusively by CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. STAND eatie skiSces oe eeaErGe LIMITED REF ERENCE ;—The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow PO OB 2 3 l “A ala \ ORT ROBINSON ONTARIO Ss January, 1920. — CANADIAN. FISHERMAN 13 The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED from FISH WASTE by Ernest Scott & Company’s NEW METHOD Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values of products PROCESS ENGINEERS McGill Bld’g | Montreal - - Canada gx. The Ranney Fish Co. LATIN @ a \ Cleveland, . Ohio. co. / Ral Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish ‘Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less \ FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN FISH OYSTERS» CLAMS F.H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY REFERENCES ; Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s A ies Solicited RBS The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN January, 1920 yo UU DD ag } What if it is 20 degrees below? Your milk supply is just as sure and cer- tain at 20 degrees below as at 100 above if you place your de- pendence on Klim. Klim will not freeze for the same reason that it will not sour The 8 Foot Shipmate Range THE LENGTH OF THIS RANGE CAN BE INCREASED INDEFINITELY The range is easily the first item in a galley outfit. Why not have one that stands for liberal outlay in manufacture and years of tests and experience? The SHIPMATE costs a little more than some, but you get this back and more in extra strength, durability and working ca- pacity. or spoil. It is dry. All the water has been removed by our spray process, leaving the dry solids unchanged in flavor and food value. You can rely on Klim to supply all the pure separated milk you need even in the coldest weather. MADE BY Order Klim from your wholesale grocer. The Stamford Foundry Company Established 1830 Stamford, - ~ Conn. Canadian Milk Pro?ucts Limited TORONTO WINNIPEG MONTREAL ST. JOHN Da WH LL A p Agencies in Canada F. BP. Hopkins & Co. - - - - - - Montreal, Que Lipsett, Sunningham & Co., Ltd, - Prince ®upert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Mo se “ompany. 798 Beatty St., Vancouver, B.C. Protect Yourself ( ‘OKE With the !ongest lived Fish Reduction || outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. TIN PLATE Requires the least he!p. Produces the best results. Tht WANNENWE Tati aolEM Is Peer of Them All. The Carnahan THE BETTER KIND iinctalare Tin Plate & Sheet Co. Re. . As panhenwetsch & Co. CANTON, OHIO. Buffalo N.Y. U's, January, 1920 AOWER's : FISH BRAY THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON \\LONG COATS and SLICKERS FISHERMEN FROTECT YOURSELVES! Dont run the risks of ruining yeur hea:ith and imparing your ability to v ork by tailing to protect your body apzinst cold and wet. Get a Tower Brand I ong Coat or Slicker, and know what it mans to be warm and dry. dood RR These coats will stand hard wear and rough usage. The shoulders and sleeves are d uble, the body lined half way down. Made ot heavy material and finished with corduroy collar. Every wise fis!.erman who values his health should hav of these coats. Sold by your dealer. % ee TOWER CANADIAN LIMITED. Toronto. Halifax. Vancouver, Coast to Coast Service. WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THE!R ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER'S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC _SHIP- LOGS for hich speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Log for Motor Boats and Yachts. the “ROCKET” and Al an A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the leading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers, THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. Fy if \ Ff] *k \ « - ‘ ; > Po CANADIAN FISHERMAN 15 Since 1847, Nothing But QUALITY From the very beginning, 72 years ago, we were firm in the opinion that ff Cig quality was right. the business would come. It did, The demand has in creased steadily every year, till to- day the @ is the World's Largest Line of MARINE HARDWARE Fishermen in all U. S. and Canndian waters buy 4 supplies naturally; they know from experience that each piece is built to stand hard, stubborn use and does it. You can get the line from all Canudian dealers. Try it; It Pays to Buy Our Kind WILLOX, CRITTENDEN 22 8. Main ‘St.. “Middletown, Conn. U.S.A. Ye Rubber Boots are the best For All Purposes Sold only by The Robert Taylor Co. Ltd. Halifax, N.S. 16 ay CANADIAN FISHERMAN. _ January, 1920 W. Irving Atwood, Prest. sae D. Freeman, Treas. W. Elmer Irving M. Atwood, Atwood. Vice-Prest. Sec'y and Mgr. g ALL WACHUSET VARIETIES BRAND OF THE FINNAN HADDE SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass. CARLEY POUND NET TENDERS “THE BOAT YOU WILL EVENTUALLY BUY” ~ The pound net boat which is superseding all others in the lake fisheries. - aati long emma TS Built of the best materials for rough usage and heavy eee §=«loads. Tunnel stern; planked smooth; round bilges; — clean lines; able and seaworthy. _... _ KINGSVILLE BOAT WORKS, a eo PARTIOULHAE KINGSVILLE, ONT., CANADA. " Propristoa ENGINE BARGAINS 5 ines 3 to 45 H.P., 2 and 4 cycle, 3 H.P. Ferro, $60; SEAB A D TR DIN 5 LP. Adams $80; 6 H.P. 2 cyl. Guarantee, $115; 10 H.P. O ix A Gray, $110; Row boat motor, $55; 7 H.P. Racine, $100, 8 H.P. Buffalo, $175, and many others, also propellers, COMPANY. : rings and all supplies. Send for pS ne i. GUARANTEE MO “ HAMILTON - - CANADA, CANNED AND SALT FISH IMPORT AND EXPORT 12 WATER ST. - NEW YORK. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. CABLE ADDRESS: CODES: Write further information SEATRADE Lieber’s Improved JACOBSON GAS ENGINE 00. NEw YORK. A BC 5th Improved J. K. Armsby’s SARATOGA SPRINGS. : - OR. Vig kB Size Fuel Consum- ; <5 BURNOIL ENGINES— Load yuais't Operate Perfectly on Cheap Fuel Oils | ‘ “ “ NO carburetor, batteries or magneto. i ‘ 75 pace te pre-heating, blow torch, or hot surface. Nicentiahiiinaea / ea " Simple, economical, sturdy. This engine can be run in- | definitely at low speed, and then immediately speeded up to vaximum power, Just the type needed for fishermen where con- tinuous and severe service is essential. Starts instantly. Representatives in Eastern Canada. PYKE MOTOR & YACHT CO., 1 St. James St., MONTREAL, CANADA, BURNOIL ENGINE COMPANY 1103 High St., South Bend, Ind., U.S.A. January, 1920 Black or Bright. Natural Size Right i» Shape: ona ond Finish Manufactured OMustaod eee wie 1 } PUL itter er eT TEE | | a ee | SALMON HB PitcHaros de HERRING: a ea irre sr | AD necmennneneeili/ | ‘ CANNED HO. ] LOBSTER > iss See So ‘THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry. . SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. .. .. .. .» .» «+ +» $1,00 Waited Menten ame Wisewhere .. .. ss ess weeks) 88 ee es we cee oe oe BLO SS WC B® payable in advance Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should be ‘in the publisher's hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items -of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION W e e Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. Ppa POA a HAA 0 oA = TORONTO OFFICE: ————— HH, W. Thompson, Western Manager . Board of Trade Bldg. Telephone, Main 2662 VANCOUVER OFFICE: Cc. P. PH wg. cor. King ¥.2. Payson, Telephone, Adelaide 3310 507 Board of Trade Bldg. The Industrial & Educational Press, Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN{LCITY PRESS - - ~- _ Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. $ y' ’ - > aa —— a ~. ~ ITT ! ° e a \ PnP Ie ws SOO — ; SG, KSI > =e Bs 7 Wiener paretyeeet’ CANADIAN FISHERMAN January, 1920. FAIRBANKS - MORSE C-O MARINE OIL ENGINES 30—200 H.P.—Operates economically on LOW PRICED FUEL OILS Medium Compression, Simplicity of Mechanism, Highest Standard of Construction, Positive Vari- able Speed Control, Specially Designed Reverse Gears, Low Fuel Cost, Low Maintenance Cost. Strength, Durability, Workmanship and Service all Guaranteed by FAIRBANKS-MORSE QUALITY The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., Limited “Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods’’ DEPARTMENTS. ss SALES OFFICES Scale, Valve, Auto Accessory, Engine, Pump, ) Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Electrical, Machinery, Transmission, Rail- { \ Toronto, Hamilton, Windsor, Winnipeg, way and Contractors, Machine Shop Supply, \ / Saskatoon, Calgary, Vancouver, Marvel Mill, Pulp and Paper. Victoria. = ; c The action of the late Ontario Government in en- gaging itself in the catching and selling of the fish of Ontario waters in competition with the regularly established fishermen and dealers may be characteriz- ed as an unwarranted interference with the rights of numerous citizens which has neither parrallel or pre- eedent to justify it. As a war-time measure, the fishermen and others whom it militated against, ac- _ eepted the Government’s fishery activities just as the citizens as a whole have borne other war-time meas- ures, but not without indignant protest at the mani- fest injustice of the scheme, and the fishermen and those engaged in the fish trade feel that the time has now come—fourteen months after the conclusion of hostilities—for the Government’s exploitation of the eommercial fisheries to be abandoned. The Ontario lake fishermen of all the Canadian fish- ermen are bound down with numerous severe restric- tions. In the first place they are licensed by the Provincial Government: in the prosecution of the fish- _eries they have to employ expensive gear in the way of gill-nets or pound-nets, fishing tugs and boats, and their fishing seasons are limited. The work is skilled labor and since the war, cost of such labor has risen as well as prices for gear and equipment, but it will be found that the price of the fish sold nowadays by the fishermen has not advanced to the percentage of advance in gear and labor. Yet with these facts against them the Ontario fishermen at this date have to market their fish in competition with their own Provincial Government who have the advantage of being able to command twenty per cent of the Ontario fishermen’s catch at any time to augment supplies: the advantage of setting a purchase price for such com- mandeered fish: the advantage of fishing in virgin _ waters such as Lake Nepigon where the Government | maintains a fishery, and all the advantage which a Government has in competing with private individuals. Even during the dark days of the war no other _ Province in Canada attempted such an exploitation > of the fisheries nor was it tried in Great Britain. The principle of all enlightened nations has ever been to encourage the fishermen—not to handicap them by entering in competition against them. Just why the JANUARY, FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE Editor 1920. | ae ae Ontario Government Fisheries Should Be Discontinued late Government should select the fisheries, of all other food commodities the least important and least util- ized by the people, is difficult to comprehend espe- cially when Canada produces ten times more fish than the country can consume and when excellent fish, cheap in price, cannot be sold in jome markets through lack of demand. The whole affair started on a piece of mistaken philanthrophy, when in 1917, the necessity of the day was to save meats for export to the Allies. It was at that time stated by a few irresponsible and unin- formed persons that the fish of Ontario waters were unprocurable as they were all being exported to the United States by the Ontario fishermen. It is admit- ted that the best market for Canadian fresh water fish is in the States just as it offers the best market for our lobsters, halibut, smelts, and other sea fish and the United States markets for such fish has en- couraged what little development there is in our fish- eries as a whole, but to state that Ontario fish were unprocurable in the Ontario market had absolutely no foundation in fact and such a statement was not sufficient justification for the late Government’s ac- tion. It is not the high price (%) of fish which should de- mand the attention of the Provincial Government, but the high price of more indispensible commodities such as meats, eggs, flour, vegetables, ete. The late Gov- ernment evidently felt that food problems in those particular lines were too difficult to tackle and turned to the fisheries as being an easier industry to exploit by reason of the fact that it is prosecuted by a few inoffensive individuals with no political organizations of any great power behind them, and the said individ- uals being under the heel of the Government by reason of the fishery license which is granted’ yearly. With- drawal or cancellation of said license means the ruin of the fisherman holding same, and thus places them in a position of apprehensive tenure and inability to strenuously oppose or criticise the actions of the Gov- ernment from whom they receive the right to fish. {n a country boasting the free institutions such as ours, the position of the Ontario fishermen today is at once degrading and entirely out of keeping with the free- 2 ps, sl aaa a ‘ : C A N A D LA N F ISHERMAN.-. ea a ae Tha = dannary,. 1920... dom and nobility of profession which has ever been the characteristics of fishermen the world over. : Since 1917, the fishermen of Ontario have been lab- oring under the handicap of Government competition while other basic industries developing natural re- sources have been free to prosper unhampered and to take advantage of enhanced prices—a state of affairs which all fair-minded persons unhesitatingly con- demn. And yet the need of the present is to encour- age the development of natural resources; to speed up exports of Canadian products that we may adjust ad- verse trade balances and pay our debts, The Ontario Government’s fish policy is an excellent damper upon such efforts as far as the Provincial fisheries are con- cerned. Of what benefit has the Government fish policy been to the people of Ontario? We would state em- phatically that it has been productive of absolutely no real benefit whatever. Ontario citizens may have received whitefish, trout, herring and other species a cent or two a pound cheaper at times than if they had purchased the privately produced fish, but just what would this saving amount to in the aggregate? It is claimed by the late Government that the citizeng of Ontario were saved the sum of $160,000 during 1919 by its Fish Sales Branch. On a basis of three million population this represents the insignificant sum of five cents per capita per annum—a_ truly ridiculous economic parable with which to justify a Government commercial operation . A still more ridiculous aspects are contained in the facts that priv- ately produced fish could have been sold at certain seasons at lower prices than that set by the Govern- ment; and also, with the prosperity of the average individual during the past three years, what economic advantages has it been to the people of Ontario in saving them a few cents a year upon a commodity which is by no means popular or indispensable, at the expense,of its fishermen citizens? It is sincerely to be hoped that with the advent of a new Provincial Government composed largely of men who are producers and harvesters of the soil that the petition of a sister industry—harvesters of the lakes—will be considered with that sympathetic ap- preciation which should exist among men who gain a livelihood through skilled muscular effort and who are at the mercy of wind and weather, and the policy of exploiting the fisheries established oy the late Gov- ernment be discontinued and the industry allowed to pursue its own normal development in the hands of the men to whom it is a livelihood and who have ever been the backbone of the Empire’s Maritime Suprem- acy. ‘STANDARDIZATION AND INSPECTION OF OUR FISH URGENTLY NEEDED Canadian firms interested in the exportation of our fish products are now realizing the handicap imposed upon their business through lack of standardization and inspection. A good start in this direction could have been affected by making the Pickled Fish In- speetion Act of 1914 a compulsory measure, but owing to the stunted comprehension of a so-called Parlia- mentary ‘Fisheries Committee, the Act was killed, The Canadian Fisheries Association have made many representations to the Federal Fisheries De- partment to institute standardization and Government inspection of fish products. The officials of the De- partment fully realize the neeessity and are wholly in accord with the desire of the Association, but they . 7 point out their lack of funds and staff to ‘earry out, such inspection. At the present time the appropria-— tion for the Fisheries Department has been ruthless- ly pared in accordance with the Government policy to economize. It seems to us, however, that all the economizing is done with the Fisheries Department. Mr. Henry B. Thompson, who has just returned: from Europe where he acted as a member of the Can-__ adian Trade Mission, impressed the writer with the: necessity for standardization and inspection and vig- orously condemned the quality and condition of so of the fish products which we have been exporting. With a desire to remedy present conditions, Presi- — dent Brittain and Secretary Wallace of the C. F. A’ — had an informal interview with the Hon. C. ©. Bal- lantyne, Minister of Marine and Fisheries, and strong- ly urged that something be done. The Minister real-- ized and sympathized with the wishes of the trade, but pointed out that the enactment of such legislatio was often painfully slow and there was absolutely no — chanee of introducing it at the coming session of the — House. At the suggestion of the delegates, he prom- ised to set a Departmental expert to work in framing — up a set of standards for canned, dried, picked and frozen fish. When this work was completed, the ques-_ tion of putting through a compulsory Inspection Act can be considered, and if the Government cannot an- dertake it, the Canadian Fisheries Association will endeavour to carry out the standardization and: in- spection work itself. ates aisgiagruye 2 THE JAPANESE AND THE CODFISH INDUSTRY Our. United States contemporaries on -both coasts — have been devoting some space of late to the comipe- — tition -of the Japanese in the codfish trade. It appears that they are invading the markets long regarded as being wholly in the hands of American, Canadian and Newfoundland exporters and by reason of their low cost of production, they are able to undersell the white producers. We are cognizant of an increasing activity in the visits of so-called Japanese fishery students to Canada and the United States and many requests for information have been coming to us of late from Japanese sources. ty Pes The late war has been a stimulating factor to: anese effort in numerous industries and we do»not— doubt but what they will make a determined effort to develop the Siberian and Behring Sea cod- fisheries and invade the American, West Indian: and South American markets with their product.'|* This competition is ‘perfectly legitimate, but it is: never-— theless a cause for alarm and our producers will have to prepare. themselves for a fight to hold their mare — kets. 2 foieiar We have seen numerous Japanese products cand few of them ean be characterized as being first-class in fact, they seem to have very ably filled the place formerly occupied by Germany in the manufacture — of cheap goods. We cannot hope by bounty or pro-— tective tariff to prevent Japanese competition and we might as well prepare to meet it in the only way it — can be met, viz: by utilizing the most economical methods of production; by producing a better product and by eatering a little more to the wishes of foreign importers. vive The Japanese trade invasion may be the means of waking our people up to the necessity of curing our codfish on a higher standard than obtains generally at present and to bring our legislators into line’ for e tie Se eis eee [eet (Mt RWG MERA es t 2 Se ee ee ee en ee yi) Sela 6 ci RR eae NP er shy a eae Se SRS a ee - ee rn 'y action and encouragement of technical mn in. our. fishing industry. The Japanese ed this long ago and have spared neither ex- or effort to develop their fisheries and educate ir fishermen. The result_of their policy is the pre- t aggresive bid for larger markets and the fact a nation which was regarded as being semi-civ- twenty years ago is now able to become a dan- trade rival in many other lines besides fisheries ‘indieation that it is time for us to wake up. is not in keeping with Anglo-Saxon tradition or eter to sit down and squeal at legitimate trade tition, nor is the hiding behind restrictive tar- be commended. Such only tend to encourage tion of self-complacency—a lazy security h is fatal to healthy industrial effort. Compe- is the life of trade and it is up to our producers stock of themselves and produce a better ar- a better manner than heretofore. dreds of opportunities have been pouring into ada for extensions of export trade in fish products he producers have been kept fully informed of ». Some of our people have taken advantage of but a good many have made absolutely no ef- 9 secure the business, nor have they even ac- edged direct enquiries. ‘Markets calling for y eured and packed products have been ig- by us—but it is a safe bet they won’t be ignor- the . : up to Re firms affected, or threatened, by Jap- competition to overhaul their business methods sist on Government standardization and in- f their products. It is also up to them to little more attention to the development of the ing industry along progressive lines. The Jap- menace is no figment of the imagination. Japan is e Germany of the Orient andthe Japanese are as aggressive as were the Germans of pre-war days the Japan of to-day is something to be reckoned for while other nations were fighting, Japan was building up a strong foundetion for post-bellum id trade. At the same time the Japanese worker longer the underpaid cheap laborer of pre-war Standards of living have risen in Japan just as ave in other countries, and trades unions and are becoming as much of a vogue there the white nations. These conditions do not make tition with Japanese producers an altogether less proposition. We have faith enough in our onle to believe that we can meet any outside com- ion if we take stock of ourselves and remedy STANDARDIZATION OF FISH NAMES © final conference on the standardization of fish »s was held in Montreal on January 24th, between ls of the Biological Board and the Canadian ies Association. The list compiled by Dr. Hunts- and the-snggested names were agreed to and Dr. man will proceed to embody same in book form. | of all the species native to Canadian waters shown accompanied with information relative habitat of the fish .their commercial value, fic name. local name and the new standard én this book is published. it is honed that ‘will adopt the new designation for those whieh were erroneously named. to tuna; bhie perchotovcunner; lake herring mitt “Sek CANADIAN FISHERMAN the -new- designations: Albacore — will. be 4° 3 to cisco; pickerel to pike-perch; pike to jackfish; rock cod to rockfish; all the Pacific salmons to sock- eye, coho, spring, pink and chum; skate to ray; wolf- fish to richfish, Reasons for the adoption of the new designations will be given and the question will be taken up with the U. 8, Bureau of Fisheries to insti- tute similar standardization. IMPORTED CANNED FISH MUST BE UP TO CAN- “4 ADIAN STANDARDS As Canadian canners of fish and shell-fish are re- ie to pack their fish under certain sanitary con- tions and label and mark them in acordance with the Meat and Canned Food Acts, a recent Order-in- Council orders that all imported canned fish and shell fish shall be acompanied by an affidavit declaring that the packed product is manufactured from sound mat- erials under sanitary conditions and the containers must show the name and adress of the packer a true description of the contents and the weight as required by Section 12H of the Meat and Canned Foods Act. The order goes into force on and after April Ist, 1920, and all importations of canned fish shall be sub- ject to inspection when deemed advisable. Any such that does not conform to the regulations are subject to condemnation. and confiscation. SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL FOR THE EXPLORATION ; OF THE SEA A letter recently received by President Brittain of the C. F. A. from a high fisheries official in Great Britain urged the inclusion of Canada in the Inter- national Scientific Council for the Exploration of the Sea. The Council has been in existence for some years and include fishery officers and scientists of the nations bordering on the North Sea. The nations belonging to the Council pay certain membership fees which are used to defray the expenses of fishery re- search work in European waters, and the work carried on has been of inestimable benefit to the fishermen of the countries interested. The work of the Council, before operations were suspended owing to the war, were along the lines of collecting fishery and biological statistics; oceurrenc- es and distribution of eggs and young of food fishes; migration of older fish; fish food investigations and hydrographieal investigations. In resuming _ this work it is the intention of the Council to extend its researches to the North Atlantic and it was felt that Canada and the United States should become allied with the Council as members. The Canadian Fisheries Association are fully in sympathy with the objects of ‘the International Coun- cil and have no objections to being allied with it. but we feel that we have certain tasks to accomplish in our own waters which can only be satisfactorily ac- complished by the United States, Canada and New- foundland acting jointly. The International Council is unable to do the intensive work which is necessary to our particular fisheries and it cannot do anything whatever on the Pacific—the fisheries of whieh are of the utmost importance to Canada and the United States. ‘This was recognized at the last Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association when the following resolution was passed: “WHEREAS there are large areas fishing grounds off the Atlantic and Pacific of Deep Sea Coasts of the Continent of North America where aes 4 CANADIAN FISHERMAN fic work might be done of value to the comercial fish- eries particularly in the way of mapping grounds and determining the habits and seasons of the fishes which frequent them. ‘“AND WHEREAS this work is of mutual interest and value to the Fishing Industries of the United States, Dominion of Canada, and the Dominion of New- foundland, and for other international considerations should be undertaken by these three countries, BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the Canadian Fisheries Association in Annual Convention assembled respect- fully recommends to the Governments of these three countries the formation of a permanent international scientific commission to collect scientifie data, stat- isties of resources and production, and direct sur- veying of fishing grounds common to two or more of these countries.”’ The war naturally shelved the carrying out of this proposition, but we believe the time has now come to take the matter up and have the Commission formed. The question of allying ourselves with the North Sea Council was passed on to the Federal Department of Fisheries who replied that the suggestion of the Canadian Fisheries Association was by far the most favorable proposition, and should be acted upon first. When such a Commission was organized, membership and co-operation with the European Council was emin- ently desirable. The views of the Department are in line with the views of the Association and we are hopeful that the organization of a Commission as outlined may be con- summated during the year with the Governments of Canada, United States and Newfoundland. The Cana- dian Fisheries Association are making a move in this direction and look for the interest and backing of all members and the trade interested. TO IMPROVE UNION OF FISHERMEN Moses Nickerson of Boston, well known to Maritime Province fisermen, is endeavouring to improve the working conditions of the three thousand Provincial fishermen in the U. S. fishing fleets. His object will be to organize them on a sounder and broader found- ation than exists at present and an interview with Lord Leverhulme has encouraged Mr, Nickerson to try and apply some of the great Englishman’s princi- ples in the new organization which will be known as the Fishermen’s Foundation of North America. He is of the opinion that the wage system, the various lays or a mixture of both, is not a sure preventative of future labor troubles and he believes that co-operation such as obtains in the Lunenburg fleet and in New- foundland is the only plan. The motto of the new organization will be‘‘Self-help and self-reliance.’’ If Mr. Nickerson can succeed in establishing an or- ganization whieh will promote a spirit of good will and mutual tolerance between capital and labor in the fishing industry; an appreciation of each others’ work and troubles and rights, and a viewpoint broader in its conception of the industry and its development, he will have acomplished something eminently de sirable. Fishing is a noble occupation and its work ers should be imbued with the spirit of pride in their trade and its relation to the country’s development. On the other hand employers should recognize that the fisherman is a skilled worker who, through the ’ onerous nature of his occupation, is deserving of every consideration in the improvement of renumeration and living conditions. Co-operation is indeed the only tan. January, 1920, PISCATORIAL PARAGRAPHS The U. 8. lobster bill which threatened the Can- adian exports in the live product has evidently failed to materialize. Don’t forget that the Annual Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association will be held in Van- couver on June 8rd, 4th, and 5th. The Minister of Marine and Fisheries, Hon. C. C. Ballantyne has prom- ised to attend if the Parliamentary session closes in time. : _ According to reports, the wooden otter trawler is not a successful type of fishing craft in the Canad- dian fisheries. One vessel intended for fishing has been altered on the stocks into a cargo carrier. Cold storage accomodation for at least fifteen car-. loads of perishable products would be of advantage to the exportation of fish in the vessels of the Cana- dian Government Mercantile Marine. A market ex- ists for Canadian smoked fish in Australia and no doubt frozen fish such as salmon, halibut, ete., could be profitably sent south were the facilities provided. PORTO RICO FISH MARKETS (Reported by A. Escudero and Co.) San Juan, January 6—The prices on Fishstuffs as reported under date of the 31st, ulto. remains un- changed, with an overstocked market tending to de- celine. The Board of Health have ordered the destruction of several lots of Fish we know that others will be destroyed shortly. Weare selling the stocks that we are holding for account of some of our good friends, at market prices and while the sales are slow and confined to small pareels, we hope to be able to get rid of everything we have on hand, within a reasonable short time, and without the intervention of the Board of Health. To the best of our knowledge the quantity of Fish now in Porto Rico, is enough to supply our needs for over a month. To all our friends we suggest to prepare some Fish and have it ready for shipment, some time during the second fortnight of March, as we are anticipating sat- isfactory prices on acount of the Lent Season and the | extraordinary consumption during the Sugar Cane (Grinding Season that have just started. LAKE ERIE FISHERMEN’S CONVENTION. The Annual Convention of the Lake Erie Fisher- men’s Association will be held in St. Thomas, Ont., on the 10th, 11th, 12th of February. Many important matters will eome up for discussion and interesting papers will be read at the session. An effort will be ‘made to consolidate all the fishery associations of ‘he inland waters into one representative body. A full report of the Convention and proceedings will be published in the CANADTAN FISHERMAN. CANADIAN Ottawa, Jan. 12—The fishing industry in Canada _ is merely in the embryonic state of development. _ The Government has instituted a Publicity and Mar- keting Section of the Fisheries Branch, Department of the Naval Service, with the object of accelerating _ production domestically and in foreign fields, to a _ standard compatible with the status of Canada as a fish producing country. In this work, the new Divi- sion is rendered powerless without the earnest and _ closest co-operation of the producers and exporters. There are many matters, such as transportation prob- lems, which are of mutual interest to all producers. Then, again, there are other questions of direct in- terest to certain sections of the country only, the na- _ ture of which is quite obvious to the producers them- selves. Amongst these factions there must be a large degree of tolerance, for it is useless to develop one branch of the industry to the detriment of another. - _-_-~*-When the oceasion arose recently that the express companies sought a tremendous increase in rates, the e ucers stood together, because it was for their a et mutual concern. Should they hereafter co- _ operate to a similar degree in all matters affecting the _ industry as a whole, the work of this new Division __-will be made less difficult. It has been quite clearly shown that it is impossible _ for an individual producer to develop foreign mar- kets thoroughly, just as much as it would be out of _ the question for an executive officer, say of an army, to achieve success without consultation or conferences with his superior confreres and subordinates. In other words, co-operation is the keynote of success. Let producers get together for the common cause, which is not after all their cause alone, but the cause of the people generally. At the same time, it is not even intimated that producers should relinquish in- dividual competition. Competition and co-operation are not opposites by any means. In its effort to develop local and foreign markets, the department hopes to enjoy the sympathy and sup- port of all producers. There will, no doubt, be ma __ oceasions when the officer in charge of the new divi- sion will eall upon them for opinions and information. On such oceasions producers will realize, it is hoped, that he is endeavoring to secure data for no other purpose than to accomplish improved conditions for _ the industry, and, consequently, for the producers themselves. The Department is continuing the work in foreign markets which was inaugurated by the Canadian Trade Commission. That body, producers will recall, got into direct communication with fish producers all over the world, and made an effort to bring them into di- rect contact with the Canadian producers. While this work has borne fruit in a few cases, the general result has not been at all satisfactory. It has been found in a great many instances that producers did not interest themselves in these trade enquiries, and t is feared that the great handicap is the number of middlemen between the producer and the ultimate consumer in foreign fields. za ee & it FISHERMAN Developing Our Fisheries New Fisheries Division Solicits Co-operation of the Industry Producers generally have been cireularized by the Department, asking their co-operation and it is hoped in the near future to have the officer in charge of the Division meet the various associations of producers, packers, ete., for the purpose of discussing matters of mutual interest. It is proposed to place a programme before them, and perhaps in some instances financial, as well as moral co-operation will be asked. Market Conditions It is of little use to tell producers of conditions ob- taining in the local markets. They are aware of the unsatisfactory state of transportation. They know that a few species of fish are in ready demand, while at the same time other species just as nutritious and just as palatable are practically unknown, or shunned. Improved transportation will help in large measure to overcome the difficulties, and a campaign of prac- tical demonstrations should serve to popularize spe- cies not now in demand. As to the foreign markets, it is an understood thing that the trade has suffered because of careless prepa- ration and shoddy packing. The latter applies as well to Canadian exports in other lines. Producers must be brought to realize the value of choice preparations and neat packing. Regardless of the quality of the contents of packages of similar food, the attractive container ninety-nine times out of one hundred will sell first. Where there is quality behind it, the buyer is going to be impressed, and a market is right there created. Similar deficiencies appear in other quarters, and it would be in the interests of producers to remove them. Fish of fine quality for instance, thrown carelessly into a barrel and salted, will certainly not stand com- petition with fish of less fine quality nicely prepared and neatly packed. The Canadian Trade Commission- er in Spain, according to a recent bulletin issued by the Department of Trade and Commerce, makes ref- erence to the fact that Canada has lost an important market for codfish in Spain. It is of interest to note that he attributes the failure of Canadian products simply to shoddy packing and careless preparation, and neglect to respect peculiar conditions existing there. The article itself, taken from Canadian waters, is equal to—yes, in most cases superior to—a similar article taken from other waters. If it could be placed in foreign markets just as it is taken from the water, or just after it has been treated by our finest pro- cesses, the demand for Canadian fish would be tre- mendous. To have our fish packed and treated in a manner equal to, if not superior to, processes em- ployed in other countries, would be to overcome ninety per cent of the difficulties, Even it is not too much to say that a considerable difference in price would not tell against us. At the same time, it is of para- mount importance that producers should bear in mind that the minutest whim of the outside consumer, whether as regards packing, preparation or mode of marketing, shonld -be respected. 6 CANADIAN FISHERMAN January, 1920, ae (io ae t= Fish Curing By J. J. COWIE. VIIL—COD. Salting and Drying. In curing fish of whatever kind, and by whatever means, it is necessary, in order to produce a cured ar- ticle of the highest grade, that the preservative be ap- plied while the fish are perfectly fresh. In so far as the curing of Canadian cod is concerned there is this to be said that salting operations almost invariably take place under this primary essential condition. Whether the fish be taken by vessels on the offshore bank or by boats near the shore, they are split and put under salt, as a rule, the same day on which they are taken from the water. And so, with no extra cost other than careful attention to the details of splitting, washing, salting and drying, Canadian curers should find it easy to produce, for any market, the finest pos- sible quality of cured cod. Beheading and Cutting :—A heavy sharp knife should be used for this purpose. The fish should be laid back down on a bench or splitting table and grasped, over the mouth, by the left hand. The knife should then be inserted underneath the gill covers and the head separated from the body by a circular cut to the left, not a straight down cut. The shoulder or lung bones should not be disturbed. When the head has been de- tached, the knife should be entered at the throat and run in a perfectly straight line down the centre of the belly to the vent, and the entrails cut away and removed. The liver should be detached and placed in a separate receptacle to be afterwards reduced to oil; also the roe, when in season, should be kept separate and disposed of fresh for food, or salted and shipped to France or Portugal for sardine bait. The beheaded and gutted fish should be dropped into a tub of clean water, from which they are lifted to be split. Splitting:—The gutted fish is laid on its side on a bench or table, and with his left hand grasping the upper ‘lug’ the splitter enters the knife at the top of the shoulder, and keeping close to the bone, runs it down to near the tail-fin. The point of the knife should not be allowed to penetrate all the way to the skin on the back of the fish. The knife should now be entered under the bone at the shoulder and run along towards the tail separating the fish from the bone as far as the blood eavity or to within twenty or twenty-two joints from the tail end, where the bone should be cut through two joints in a slanting direction, leaving the sloping end of the home in the form of the figure 8 The detached end of the bone should then be taken in the left hand and the knife run along under it until the bone and fish are completely separated. A slight incision should be made in the blood cavity of the part of the bone that is left. It should not be necessary to add that only the best steel knives, kept always in the sharpest condition, should be used in splitting cod, to avoid ragged fish. Washing :—This should be carefully performed. A small serubbing brush should be used, by which any blood remaining on the bone, and slime on the skin, should be serubbed away; also the black lining of the inside of the ‘‘lugs’’ should be carefully removed. If splitting, salting, and washing cannot be carried on at the same time, the washed fish may be piled on wooden gratings where the remaining water or blood may drain off. Salting (on shore) :—The fish may be salted in reet- angular vats made-specially for the purpose, of conerete or wood; or they may be salted in ordinary puncheons or in tubs made by sawing a puncheon through the centre of the bilge. But whether vats or puncheons are used they must be perfectly water tight. | Hach fish must be wholly and evenly covered, back and face, with salt, and laid back down, except the fish in the top tier, which should be back up. In laying the fish in salt care should be taken to see that they lie perfeetly flat, otherwise, they will assume and retain a twisted form. If puncheons or tubs are used the fish should be laid with their tails toward the centre. When the salt begins to dissolve into pickle and the fish to float, a weight of some kind should be placed on the fish to keep them always under the pickle. If the puncheons are kept in the open they should be covered in such a way as will completely shelter the fish from the sun and more especially, rain. The fish should be left in the salt for five or six days, at the end of which time they will have absorbed about all they will ever take of it. Salting at Sea:—When fish are split and salted at sea what is known as dry-salting has to be adopted. The fish are laid out flat as in salting into vats or puneh- eons on shore, but they should be salted more heavily. The main thing in drvy-salting is to see that plenty of salt is used and that all parts of the fish, especially the edges of the shoulders and sides, get an equal amount of it. Washing the Salted Fish :--When the fish have been removed from the salt. and before they are laid out for process ‘to begin, they should be washed. All should be scrubbed off the skin and any remnants rying :—The Seynis process may take place on a a suitat e beach of fairly large stones, or on wooden nes erected for the purpose. The use of wooden frames is preferable, as the drying air gets at the ey Sak below as well as above. Suitable beaches are not common, but even if they were, fraime a should still be preferred because of the danger 0 -sealding in laying fish out on hot. stones. ‘Convenient portable flakes may be made in sections about 12 feet in length, 3 feet in width, on supports about 2% feet high. The top of the flake may con- sist of either wooden three-sided bare, with a suitable between each, or strong galvanized wire netting. wire netting when available is to be preferred. is more cleanly and less clumsy to handle. When the fish have been washed and made ready for drying, they should be laid out in flakes back down, at first, but when they take on some degree of __ firmness they should be turned back up occasionally. _ Towards evening of the first few days the fish should be gathered into small heaps, back up. Later, when they become harder, more fish may be piled on each and covered to keep dampness out. At the end of two week’s drying, the fish should be collected into large piles, and covered with a water- tight cover. On each pile should be placed weights sufficient to press the fish into a uniform flatness, This is necessary in order to produce good looking fish, and to properly complete the process of curing. ~The fish should then be further dried for five or six days and again be collected into piles and pressed for a couple of days, after which another good day’s : - drying should be sufficient. Before finally lifting the fish from the flakes for ‘storing, care should be taken to see that they are ion oct cool. The place of storage should be dry and cool, and the fish when piled therein should be - covered to protect them from dust, ete. Tt should be understood that the length of time sized, full-grown cod. Small and thin fish can be ‘salted and dried in less time. The curer must, of ‘course, use his own judgment in this matter. _ The foregoing method is alike applicable to the salt- ing and drying of hake, cusk, pollock, and haddoek. Drying by Artificial Heat. _ It will, probably, be admitted by all fishcurers that desing by natural heat, in other words by sun and _ air, produces the best cured fish. The natural process. _ however, has some very important disadvantages, It is a slow process, and on certain parts of the coast where fog and rain oceur freanently. it is sometimes next to impossible to successfully dry fish by that means. In any case it is the cause of much anxiety for weeks on end. Drying by artificia] means. on the _ other hand, can be carried on anywhere and at almost any time of the year. buring both day and night. Moreover, the actual drying time can be shortened by this means from three weeks or more to about four _ temperature of from 70 to 75, or even eighty. degrees CANADIAN 4 The fish should be left in this state for about ten days. stated herein for salting and drying, is for the average days. Artificial drying reauires a building in whieh FIS HERMAN 7 Fahrenheit can be maintained. This heat may be obtained by steam or hot-water piping, or by the direct heat of fires. Heating by steam calls for a somewhat elaborate system of piping on which is placed wire trays con- ; taining the split fish. Tt is advisable, if at all possible, to give the fish a good day’s drying in the sun and air before submitting them to the steam heat. After two days, that is 48 hours, drying over the piping in a continued temperture ‘of 70 to 75 degrees, the fish should be gathered into large piles and pressed, _by weights on top of each, for ten or twelve days. They should then be once more laid out over the steam pipes for another two days, is a temperature of about 15 degrees, after which the drying should be com- plete. There should be suitable ventilators in the building to carry off the moisture. The cost of installing a steam heating plant would probably prevent small curers and individual fisher- men-curers—and these make up the majority of eod driers in Canada—from adopting this method. Fortun- ately, the method of drying by the direct heat of fires is quite as effective as the other, and can be put into practice with little expense. For cod drying on a small seale a shed, 30 feet long, 10 feet wide, with walls about 8 feet high, the frame- work of which it sufficiently strong to bear the weight of the wet fish when hung up, may be utilized. The floor of such a shed, however, should be of concrete, brick, or flat stones. “There should be two ventilators on each side, near the apex of the roof, with ropes running down the in- side walls for opening or closing them as required ; also, there should be two. shutter ventilators in each wall just above the floor, for regulating the draught. A window on each side of the building is necessary to let in light. _ Bare about 4 inches square and as long as the build- ing is wide, should be laid across the building, the ends about 15 inches apart and there should be as many as the length of the building will accomodate. Into both sides of the bare, that is the sides facing the ends of the building, should be driven small gal- vanized iron hooks. To each of these hooks a_ fish is fixed near the root of the tail. More fish may be hung on a bar, if it will stand the weight, by fixing one fish by the tail and the next by the shoulders, and so on. As heat must be raised with the least possible amount of smoke and dust, coke fires hould be made use of entirely. As it is sometimes necessary to move the fires. from one part of the. building to another, in order that all the fish may get an equal amount of heat, they should be contained in movable grates— for example, an iron wheelbarrow could be converted into a grate for this purpose. The grates should be cov- ered with an iron plate from which the heat will be thrown off. Two such fires will be sufficient for a building of the size herein mentioned. The fires should first be lit outside of the building and allowed to be- come completely red before being wheeled inside when a fire requires fresh fuel it should be taken outside and renewed. Renewing fires inside of the building raise smoke and dust and should, therefore, be avoided. Dur- ing the first day’s drying, with the ventilators open, an even temperature of about 60° should be maintained: It should afterwards be raised gradually to 75 or, if necessary, as the fish becomes hard, to 80 degrees. 8 CANADIAN When the fish have been dried in this way continu- ously for two days, or 48 hours, they should be taken off the hooks, built into large piles and pressed for about ten or twelve days, after which they should be given another two day’s drying over the fires. Larger and more elaborate buildings with proportion- ately more fires and with frames containing two or more rows of fish on each side, which are lowered or hoisted into position by means of overhead pulleys may, of course, be uséd, but the heating idea is the same as in the smaller- buildings. Q Boneless Cod. The fish should be split and washed as for drying, salted as if intended for drying in the ordinary way. After being in salt for the necessary length of time they should be given one good day’s drying. The skin should then be removed and all the bones extracted. The two sides of the split fish should be entirely separated. Drying is thereafter continued until the fish are hard enough to suit the market for which they are being prepared. The dried sides are usually marketed in 30 lb. boxes. Pickled Cod in Tight Barrels. Cod semi-mildly cured and packed in tight barrels with pickle, are far more desirable to many people in this and northern countries than heavily salted and dried fish. Curers on parts of the coast where the euring of cod in some form is made necessary, by reason of remoteness from fresh fish markets might find it to their advantage, therefore. to be able to eure cod in this way for the home markets. especial'v. The fish should be split and washed as for drying, but both th splitting and the washing should be more carefully performed. Salting :—The split fish, with both sides completely covered with salt. should be laid’ in puncheons or vats as for drying; but instead of all the fish being laid f FISHERMAN January, 1920. back down they should be laid face to face, that is, one tier back down and the next back up. Pickled fish should be white and clear when cured and so, in order to prevent the possibility of discolouration by the back of one fish pressing on the face of another before the process of curing has commenced, this precaution is necessary. When the fish begin to float in the pickle they should be kept submerged by weights of some sort. After two and a half, or not more than three days. the fish should be removed from the vats or puncheons and carefully washed; all ragged pieces of fish should, at the same time, be cut away. Packing :—The washed fish should now be packed into barrels. Hardwood barrels, such as are used for mackerel curing, are the most to be desired for pack- ing pickled cod in; but if these are not available good tight spruce barrels may be used. Before packing, the large sized fish should be separated from the medium sized ones. and each grade weighed into lots of 200 lhs.. or whatever uniform weight is necessary to fill the barrels. and packed senarately.. Each fish should he laid. as flatly as possible, back down and curved in conformity with the side of the barrel. The ton tier should be placed back up. It is a safe rule to lirhtly sprinkle salt between each fish, in the course of packing. When the barrels have been packed full, they should be headed up, made perfectly tight, and laid on their sides. Each barrel should then be filled up with freshly made strong pickle through a bung hole bored in the top of the bilge. The pickle should be perfectly clear, and free from dust and sediment of any kind, before being poured into the barrels of fish. For that reason, it should invariably be strained through a cloth prior to use. Fish cured in this way, provided the barrels are strong and tight, and kept always full of pickle, will keep good for several months, in a cool place. Our Atlantic Fisheries Development By CECIL BOYD When any thinking person, having the prosperity and prestige of Canada and her great fishing industry at heart, takes a map and looks over the wonderful extent of the Canadian seacoast; observes how boun- tifully a favoring Nature has supplied that seacoast with splendid harbors, seaports, lake and bays, con- venient for the use of those who go down to the sea in ships; and comes to fully realize the enormous value, and attractive proximity thereto, of the great feeding and schooling haunts of the finny multitudes, he is certain to be most powerfully and pleasingly im- pressed with the almost limitless possibilities of our Canadian fisheries resources. Then the strong and stir- ring statement, relative to this great natural resource, yet awaiting comprehensive and concentrated devel- opment, that there is ‘‘In all the world no fisheries like these,’? is seen to be no idle boast, or senseless chatter, but a statement based on a good, solid founda- tion of demonstrable fact. Then let him look back over the history of the Canadian fishing industry, from its early infancy to its present-day state, and, remembering that he holds its welfare close to his heart, I imagine that he must be just as powerfully, but in this case displeasingly, impressed with the proportionately snaillike progress, particularly on the Atlantie Coast, that he been achiev- ed in the 400 years of Canada’s history. He must be sadly disappointed at the shortsighted way in which January, 1920. CANADIAN Canadians have allowed their heritage in the rich re- sources of the sea, placed by the bountiful hand of Nature at their very doors, to be exploited and util- for their own national enrichment, by our enter- g and energetic cousins to the South. While We may not have exactly fallen asleep on the job, yet, to say the least, we have but feebly bestirred our- selves in making the most of those immense natural storehouses of food stuffs and potential fish products, so convenient to our hand, and whose material benefits _ might have been ours to a far larger extent, to the en- richment of our maritime population, and the conse- - quent increase of the Country’s prosperity. e', Striking evidence of how large a debt the prosper- ity of the New England fishing industry owes to the waters lying off the Canadian and Newfoundland _eoasts, is afforded by an examination of the figures given in a bulletin (recently quoted in the Canadian ‘isherman), issued by the United States Bureau of a eries, covering the landings of fish vessels at the ports of Boston, Gloucester and Portland, during the month of October, 1919. It is shown by this return that, of the 25,356,789 Ibs. of fresh fish landed at those ports in that period, ___ over one-fifth, or to be exact, 5,879,368 lbs. came from fishing grounds proximate to our coasts, such as Grand Banks, Quero, Browns, Western, La Have and ‘Cape Shore. Of the 717,593 Ibs. of salt fish landed game period, practically all, or 707,543 Ibs., came from the same grounds. A proportion even much larger _ than this is found in corresponding figures for the month of June, 1919. There we are informed that, of the total landings of fresh fish amounting to 23,- ‘661,050 Ibs., practically one-half, or 11,635,988 lbs., __were taken on the banks above mentioned, the same being true of all but 7,000 lbs. of the total of 2,693,- 907 Ibs. of salt fish-landed. Surely those figures con- tain food for serious and far from flattering thought __ for any one interested in our Fisheries. ; In this éonnection, some quotations from a New York news item, appearing in a Halifax paper a few days ago, may be of interest: ‘‘The steam trawler Pelican reached New York today from the Newfound- _ Jand fishing banks, breaking the world’s record for a single catch, with a haul of 2,000,000 pounds for eight weeks . Captain Dennis Hayes, com- _--_ mander of the trawler, said there were 69,000 square miles of fishing area off the Grand Banks, with enough fish to feed the whole world. The East Coast Fisheries Company announced today the acquisition of a fleet of ten of the most modern steam trawlers from the French government. The vessels are all of steel, and are the last word in elegance on the fishing banks, including shower baths for the huskies at the nets. The newest addition to the fleet, __ which is steaming up the coast from Savannah, Geor- gia, for the banks, will make the company’s steam squadron consist of 25 vessels, the largest aggrega- tion in the country. They will be able to bring im 3 from 2,500,000 to 4,000,000 pounds of fish a week: they will stop off at Boston, Rockland, Me., and New __-York, making their first call with cargo in about a --week or ten days.”’ ‘To those familiar with conditions along the coast of the Maritime Provinces, it is matter of common knowledge that the flourishing fishing business of Gloucester and Boston have been very largely built a > gent fish caught in the neighborhood of our Cana- a (va and Newfoundland coats. Not only that, but FISHERMAN . the personnel of the great fishing fleets, for many years past, have been almost wholly made up, both skippers and crews, from the stalwart sea-faring sons of the Maritime Provinces (particularly Nova Scotia), and Newfoundland. Along the whole Nova Scotia shoreline, from the Bay of Fundy waters to those of Northumberland Strait, that must be an unique ham- let indeed that has not contributed during the last fifty years or so, its quota towards the swelling of this host of hustlers, forced by their native land’s slowness in developing the invitingly rich sea-fields at her front door, to place their splendid energies and venturous spirits at the service of a foreign, though friendly, country, more wide-awake to the advantages to be gained from the intelligent garnering of the crops of the sea, which call for no sowing or seeding. A friend of, and authority on, the Nova Scotia fish- eries, in a recent article commenting on the apparent lack of development in the Provincial industry since the abrogation of the reciprocal fishing privileges with the United States, says: “It is strange to reflect on the fact that the other Provinces have all outstripped us, despite our sev- eral advantages at the start, or no further back than the thirty-year period under review. Deep-sea and seashore fisheries were in full swing, a pushful na- tive population pursued the calling, and really won- derful improvements were about to be introduced. The number of fishermen has more than doubled; val- uable kinds have been added to the list of food-fish, like albacores, swordfish and fresh lobster exports; motor power has superseded oar and and sail nearly everywhere; railways and steamboat lines, though yet inadequate, have opened up new routes for the marketing of our varied and abundant fish-stuff; prices have well-nigh quadrupled, and yet as a whole, our Nova Scotia fishery does not perceptibly move.”’ Another writer on the subject of the ‘‘Maritime Fisheries’? has this to say: ‘‘From the time when the pioneer fishermen of Canada began to reap the harvest of the sea, until the abrogation of the reci- procity treaty in 1866, there was a steady gain in the volume of the Maritime fisheries; since that time they have been merely kept going, as it were, with anti- quated appliances for carrying on the work, and no modern plants for the curing of fish worth speaking of in connection with what should be in existence. The development of the fisheries of Canada owes its present condition to the steady increase in value of the fisheries of British Columbia and of the Great Lakes. The Maritime fisheries, the real treasure house of Canada, are allowed to languish, business enterprise not seeing what it really is the business of public policy to promote, i.e., the development of those fisheries which have the boundless unsurveyed acreage of the North Atlantic with its prolific grounds, or banks, adjacent to the coasts of the Maritime Prov- inces, ever at the disposal of the fishermen.”’ While the abrogation of reciprocal privileges, as noted by the writers above quoted, may have been one of the chief causes, perhaps the chief cause, of the comparative stagnation in development for so many years, yet we are inclined to think, that the blame for this state may be laid at the door of a number of causes. Outside to a large extent of the county of Lunenburg, it would appear that far too many of our public citizens with money to invest, never sccm to favorably consider the possibilities of our prolific marine resources, as a profitable avenue for such in- 10 CANADIAN vestment, preferring even the phantomy returns of Western real estate, or the fabulous and fakey finan- cial rewards of fox-farming. There is no doubt that an extensive system of edu- eating the public in regard to the value of our fish- ery resources, not forgetting to reach the youth through the public schools and other institutions of learning, would prove of incalculable benefit in off- setting this tendency. We think that Mr. J. A. Paul- hus, an officer of the Canadian Fisheries Association, stated the case very well, when, speaking at a ban- quet last April, he is reported to have said: “As an officer of the Canadian Fisheries Associa- tion I have the honor to represent an industry with an annual value of fifty-three million dollars, and which employs about 100,000 persons. These figures may seem impressive, but the fishery resources of Canada are of such magnitude—excelling all other nations in variety and abundance of species—that the figures quoted are by no means commensurate with the possibilities of the industry. If we had developed our fisheries as they should have been developed, their annual value should have totalled one hundred mil- lions, and at least a quarter of a million persons should be employed in them today. ““We need, perhaps more than any other industry, education. Education of the Canadian public to the value of fish as food and as a source of inherited wealth to be developed. Education of the fishermen and producers to catch fish by the most modern and economical methods; to pack and cure fish in accord- ance with the best practice and better than our com- petitors. Education of the Government and public bodies to the importance of fisheries development in order that we might secure the things so necessary to that development in the way of better railroad transportation; better marketing facilities; improved fisheries administration ; research and biological work ; the utilization of fish waste, and the creation of for- eign markets for our fishery products.” Touching the matter of inadequate transportation facilities, noted in some of the remarks we have quot- ed above, there is no doubt whatever, that this is a particularly vital question so far as certain parts of Nova Scotia are concerned. It is proving an extreme- ly heavy handicap to approximately half of the South- ern shoreline of the Nova Scotian mainland. There its stunting and stagnating effects are felt with par- ticular force. One must look at a map of this dis- trict, showing the location of the fertile fishing banks off the coast of Guysboro and Halifax counties, to at all adequately realize the splendid strategic vantage- ground naturally belonging to this littoral. Nature, using a slang phrase, ‘‘is there with the goods,’’ and _with the proper amount of scientifie persuasion and co-operation is ready and willing to work hand in glove with mere man to the greater enrichment of our national wealth. One prime necessity for this com- plete co-operation, however, and the reaping of its full benefits. is the providing of those railway facili- ties, so lavishly bestowed in the past on other younger and often less deserving sections of this broad Domin- ion. It is somewhat encouraging ‘to note that this question of making good the neglect of decades is be- coming just now a live one, and it is sincerely to be hoped, not only for the sake of the development of the immediate territory concerned, but in the best in- terests of the fisheries of the Maritime Provinces and the whole Dominion, that the publie will not be econ ee F PISHBRMAN tent to cease agitating, or lie on their oars, until this - burning question is satisfactorily solved. = = There is a great project on foot, in this Province at present, which, if carried through to a successful con- clusion, (and judging by the enthusiasm attending its launching such seems most probable), might be made the means of materially boosting the fishing industry, among the other resources of the Maritime. The project referred to is that of the Old Home Summer and International Exposition for Nova Scotia, sched- uled to take place in 1924. It is a scheme of vast pro- portions and limitless possibilities. . ell, the originator and promoter of the undertaking, in a recent article in a Halifax paper, summarizes in a number of paragraphs, the chief ways in which the Exposition idea is related to the Old Home Summer scheme. Nos. 4 and 5 are worth quoting. ask ‘‘4th—A medium for educating our people at home — in the resources of their country and the opportu-— nities for development. An opportunity to display all these resources to the visiting natives of the Prov- ince. A medium for advertising Nova Scotian re- sources to the countries of the world with whom we have the opportunities for developing trade. 4: ‘‘5th—The medium through which we can bring to Nova Seotia that summer the industrial leaders, fi- nanciers, educationalists, and journalists the world over, touring them through the Province, having every important centre prepare to show their resources and opportunities for industrial development.” Now it certainly should be seen to that the fisher- ies, as one of our Maritime main resources, is featured as strongly and favorably as possible at this econtem-— plated big publicity drive. It should not be lost sight of, that this event will afford an unrivalled op- portunity to display the wealth-producing wares of the sea as developed to date, as well as to point out, with the powerful wand of publicity, and attract at- tention to, the more dazzling prospect in the realm of possibilities logically ours by reason of our strategic position. Steps should be taken, when the program begins to assume more definite shape, to see that the fishing industry obtains a share of the beneficial pub- licity commensurate with its importance. When the varied enterprises and resources of the Atlantie Proy- ince are being shown, in their best dress and most be- coming behavior, to visitors and possible investors, the advantages and attractions for fishery enterprise of such eentres as Lunenburg, Canso, Digby, ¢te., should not be forgotten, (whether this advertising be carried out by means of tour or whatnot.) Howevér, with the fishing communities of Nova Scotia repre- sented on the Board of Directors by two such men as Chairman Wm Dnff, of Lunenburg, and E. C, Whit- man, of Canso, (who are undoubtedly familiar with this department of our industrial life), there ought not to be much danger, that our fisheries will failto secure their legitimate share of the limelight, with whatever benefits may follow. na A miner explained one day to a bishop why he never went to church ‘‘You see, bish, it’s like this,’’ the miner said; ‘‘the fust time IT went to church they threw water on my face, and the second time T went they tied me to a woman I’ve had to keep ever sinee:”? The bishop smiled grimlv. ‘And the third time vou vo.’ he said, ‘they'll throw dirt on’ you.’’’— The Dominion, : ee : a4 — Jamtiary,1920.- Le Sea eee PP ae eT ee me 4 a 7 a ‘sq 3 i ; “« th «= Hi) ‘ PR Se ee ee ‘us CANADLAN =: AT QNSSRE Baeeee She ee: agg Pe SAAN 2S - Commercial fishermen along the southern shore of Lake Erie have begun their season of ‘‘hut fishing,’ recent cold waves having covered the lake with a ' glistening coat of steel-like ice. ‘‘Hut fishing’’ has been practised for several years by there hardy men of the States, especially in the vicinity of the Put-in Bay shoals and near Monroe Piers, below Detroit. It begins sometimes in December but more often early in January when the ice has attained a thickness of six to eighteen inches, and continues. until the end of February or first week of March, dependent on the condition of the ice. Early thaws have been known to aspera the fishermen in vr ae 0 “Ordinarily the fishermen go only half a mile off- shore, but some venture out two and a half miles, to the steamer lanes, where pickerel abound. But pike, perch and sunfish afford satisfactory fishing where the risks are fewer. The fishermen this year are looking forward to as successful a season as they had in 1918, which was their banner year. Mild weather last year cut down the duration of the fishing and militated against ex- traordinary catches. In 1918 the fishermen’s catches of pike alone ranged around 200 a day for each man and five-pounders were common. Very few of the pike were less than two pounds in weight, The mar- ket has been steady and certain for several seasons. The fish are in big demand in the large hotels of Cleve- land, Detroit, Philadelphia, New York and elsewhere. Prices have been eminently satisfactory and the de- Poth lon oO FISHERMAN , n aa mail Ne Hut F Lida on Lake Erie By JEFFERSON WILLIAMSON mand such that in most cases the fishermen did not have to take the trouble to deliver their catches. Buy- ers visited them on the ice and carried away all they eould get. During the 1918 season the fishermen made as high as $200 a day and it was a slow day when one could not make from $60 to $75 a day. The huts ordinarily are six feet long, four wide and seven high, built light to enhance portability. Two- by-two sticks are used for framework and the ideal covering is canvas, but burlap bags and tin sheeting sometimes are used. Each shanty has a ventilation ehimney with a raised hood, for the small door must be kept closed during fishing hours and the peep-hole a Lake Erie Fishing Huts on the Ice. of a window must be heavily blinded to keep out light. Absolute darkness is essential. It makes it possible for the fisherman to see distinctly any moving object in the water. This is the principle of the glass-bot- tomed boats that take tourists out to see the wonders o the deep in the neighborhood of Catalina Island, alif. In this total darkness the fisherman sits on a little stool and peers into the hole he has cut in the ice of the shanty floor. The hole is about 15 inches wide and from 24 to 30 inches long, chipped away slantingly underneath so that the fisherman can see the approach of the fish before it reaches the hole proper. Spears, and hook and line—short drop lines or hand lines—are used by the fishermen. Pike are speared and pickerel, yellow-ringed perch and sunfish take the line, with live or frozen minnows as the bait. Spear- 12 CANADIAN ing and hooking may be done simultaneously through the same hole. Perch and sunfish run in schools. One may catch a bushel of them in an hour or only a few a day, according to the luck. They weigh from one to four pounds. Invariably the fishermen’s biggest catches are of these two fishes, despite the steady regularity with which he may be able to spear the voracious pike. Pike spearing is, of course, more exciting. This is how it is done: The fisherman uses a wooden minnow, made by himself during his idle summer hours. Shop minnows are not good enough for him at all. After _ whittling the minnow, about six inches in length, the fisherman sandpapers it and tests it in a tub of water. He keeps on sandpapering until he has brought it to that state of perfection where it will cavort, at the end of a string, exactly according to his desires. He wants his minnow to be well-behaved and when it becomes so he paints it a dark shade or to resemble a fish. No two fishermen, by the way, seem to have the same ideas concerning these minnow decoys. What suits one would not do at all for another. The fisherman keeps his minnow decoy jiggling in a circle two feet from the surface of the water, thus arousing the curiosity of the pike, which strikes at lightning speed and goes on by. In a few moments the pike comes back slowly for a more thorough inves- tigation and is impaled by the five-tined spear poised for his coming. The fisherman aims amidships and not one in a thousand pike get away from the experts. A few fishermen, uncertain of themselves at first, have used a three-gang hook on the decoy, to bother the pike a moment and give the spear arm more oppor- tunity, but fishermen soon become able to dispense with this aid to success. Pike, perch and sunfish are caught near shore and pickerel are caught far out, in from 25 to 30 feet of water. Bass also are caught far out, where there is current, but these must be tossed back because it is illegal to catch them. A fisherman seldom remains long in one ‘‘location.’’ When the fish stop running he moves to a better place nearby. Once located, however, he beds the base of his hut with snow to keep out wind and to anchor it and also uses light ropes and pegs driven into the ice for anchoring purposes. Forty-mile zephyrs are com- mon on the lakes. For warmth the fisherman uses a diminutive stove, usually an oil burner which keeps the hut at such temperature that the fisherman works in his shirt sleeves. The huts are hauled about by horse and cart or automobile truck. A scoop net is one of the fisherman’s requisites, to pick up scum ice, twigs and other debris that finds its way to the spear hole. He must also have a board to put over the hole so the pike won’t flop back into the water. When the pike is detached from the tines and thrown just outside the door to freeze then it is time to take the cover off the hole. The fishermen go out in groups. They have reg- ular fishing villages on the ice, and at least one must carry a mariner’s compass, for blizzards are sudden and frequent and even an experienced waterman half a mile off shore is taking big chances on getting back to land without a compass, during a blizzard. The hut fisherman’s complete outfit costs him in the neighborhood of #40—a rather small investment and one that even the poorest of fishermen can get back on the first day of his labor if he has any sort of luck at all. FISHERMAN January, 1920. COMMISSION OF CONSERVATION, OTTAWA Tenth Annual Report Students of Canada’s resources and of the problems associated with their efficient development will find a serviceable addition to the literature on this sub- ject in the tenth annual report of the Commission of Conservation. ices A concise review of the year’s work is furnished by Mr. James White, Assistant to Chairman. A series of unusually informative contributions includes ‘‘Hous- ing, Town Planning and Municipal Government”’ by Mr. Thos. Adams; ‘‘Medicine in War’’ by Dr. CG. A. Hodgetts; discussions of various phases of forest con- servation by Mr. Clydé Leavitt, Dr. C. D. Howe and Mr. Roland D. Craig; and of agricultural investiga- tions by Mr. F. C. Nunnick. Particularly timely stu- dies of the water-power and fuel situations in Canada pie presented by Messrs. Arthur V. White and Leo G. enis. _This publication will not disappoint the very wide cirele of readers to whom it affords an instructive an- nual résumé of problems and progress in respect to the intelligent use and study of our natural resources. DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVAL. SERVICE Notes On Sea Fisheries Results for December A very stormy period during December seriously interfered with boat fishing on the Atlantic coast, and resulted in somewhat reduced landings of cod, haddock, hake and pollock, compared with those for December in the preceding year. The aggregate total of these fish for the month just closed, was 68,000 cwts, and for the same month’a year ago 84,000 ewts. The catch of smelts was amounted to 28,741 ewts. Lobster fishing has been in progress in the eoun- ties of Charlotte and St. John, N. B., since the 15th of November, and the total quantity taken up to the end of December was 4.828 ewts., against 2,689 ewts.,. during the same period in the preceding year. The wholé eatch was consumed fresh. Wet and windy weather prevailed on the Pacific coast, and yet the results of the month’s operations be considerably greater than those of December, 18. The salmon catch was about the same, but the her- ring catch amounted to 248,377 ewts., against 130,- 589 ewts; the pilchard catch to 34,148 ewts, against 7,224 ewts., and the halibut landing, by both Canadian and American vessels, to 14,044 cwts., against 4,450 ewts. The greater part of the herring catch was dry salted for the Orient, while the bulk of the pilehard catch was canned. The total value of sea fish on both coasts, at the point of landing, amounted to $1,282,203, against $1,- 176,288 for the same month last year. greater, however, it ‘*T am sensible of the honor you do me, Mr. Mitchell, in the proposal of marriage you have just made,‘‘ said the young lady, with a slight curl of the lip, ‘‘but eir- cumstances over which I have no control compel me to decline the honor.’’ ‘‘What are those circumstances?’’ demanded the young man, “Your cireumstances, Mr. Mitchell—The O, A. C.- Review. 4 . A § _ a j : < CANADIAN FISHERMAN 13 4 ~t ~ =) ; eee --¥ ~_ aa re ee ree Salt Making in France By DORIS HEMMING. The tiny speck that blocks the canal two kilometres away gradually assumes a distinctive shape. Shading my eyes from the sun of the Midi that beats down as bright in winter as in summer, I can presently make out the graceful lines of a barge, one of those large gen- erous-looking barges so extensively used in French com- merce. A rope from the bow is attached to the harness of the plodding pair of carthorses which are urged on from time to time by a workman in blouse and sabots. ‘If Madame will be good enough to pass, we are about to swing the bridge.’’ go to France with their cargoes of cod. Some three or four hundred thousand tons of salt are produced an- nually in France. A small proportion of this is mined in the Pyrenees, but the greater part is extracted from sea water on the coasts of the Bay of Biscay and the Mediterranean. The sea salt industry is thus divided into two distinct sections, that of the west coast and the south. About 120,000 tons are produced annually on the west coast by a thousand individual gatherers who work the low-lying lands in front of their. homes inde- pendently just as a market gardener grows his veget- A Salt Heap. The barge has now arrived and with considerable manoeuvring of the rudder, is being turned into a sub- sidiary canal leading from the main waterway. The barge is filled with salt, coarse as a load of Canadian peas, but white as snow except for an occasional stray shell or pebble. From the marshes a few kilometres from the shore of the Mediterranean the salt has been brought to be’ ground at the inland factory convenient to the railway. The bridge now swings back and the boat slowly takes its place at the end of the line of barges waiting to be emptied by the usual cup and belt that feeds the storehouses. One of the great French industries is the production of salt, an industry of particular interest to Canadians as large quantities of French salt is brought every year to Canada and Newfoundland in the fishing boats that ables. On the south coast the favorable lands are en- tirely in the hands of a powerful organization which dates back two hundred years. It is exceedingly interesting to contrast the methods employed on the two coasts. The individual gatherer works by rule of thumb, floods his garden with water one day and scrapes up his thin layer of salt the next, but not without raking in a goodly portion of his peck of dirt. All summer long he keeps raking away and storing his bags of sandy salt, content to follow the me- thods that were in vogue in the days of the Romans. The Parisian cooks, so they say, are content enough too with the existing order of things, and even the most expert chef will declare that there is a special virtue in the very greyness of his salt. In the south, however, where the people work under 14 “24 CANADIAN the direction of the company and not for themselves, very different methods are the rule. Every year brings new improvements to a system that has now reached even the standard of the American pure food laws. When all is said and done, however, comparatively little salt finds its way to the family salt cellar. By far the bulk of the ‘‘erop’ is used for industrial purposes, such as salting fish, curing pork, tanning hides and feeding sheep. As the French Government imposes a fine of 10 franes ($2) per 100 kilos (45 pounds) on salt for human consumption, that destined for the tan- neries or for cattle is rendered unfit for food before it leaves the factory. Into the troughs of snow-white salt is poured coal oil or tar, and the tannery order passes the customs officials free of duty. Oxide of iron or pure and simple rust is mixed with the salt, the red- dish mixture is pressed into bricks, and behold a deli- cacy dear to the palate of the most aristocratic mut- ton. But before the salt is graded, packed and shipped for table or industrial purposes as the case may be, a long and exact process must be carried out by aid of the sun and the absence of rain. In the Midi happily the sun shines nearly every day in the year. and it is not uncommon to go six months without rain. So the salt workers make their calculations regardless of wind and weather in a way that is impossible on the stormy west- ern coast. There are salt marshes at various points along the Mediterranean, at Nice, Marseilles, but chiefly near the tiny walled city of Aigues-Mortes. For miles outside the town the marshes are divided into shallow squares by low dykes, with canals running in all directions to serve as transportation arteries. Every here and there the level monotony of the landscape is broken by great pyramids of salt shining like snow in the sun. Fortu- nately there is practically no rain to dissolve the salt, and when a shower does fall annually in the antumn it runs off the solid mass without doing any harm. So confident is the company as to the safety of their salt by the canal side that they only take the trouble to cover their reserve stores, for unless salt is kept for five years the depreciation is so slight that the cost of building a loose tile roof on top of it is not a paying investment. To the uninitiated observer the countless reservoirs are as meaningless as the waterways of a ‘Chinese city. Reduce to a small scale on a map with guiding arrows, however, the puzzle is readily solved and the plan be- comes distinct at once. An artificial scale of tests is invented, based on the fact that the specific gravity of sea water is heavier than fresh. Taking the weight of fresh water as zero, sea water is heavier by the weight of the salt that it contains and the water of the Medi- terranean in its natural state is accordingly 3 degrees. As it evaporates the salt content becomes greater and the specific gravity heavier, until it finally reaches the point of saturation when the salt is deposited. The sea water is first led into a canal, pumped into a reservoir and allowed to flow in and out from one basin to another down an almost imperceptible: grad- ient. During all this time the water has been evaporat- ing in the sun, until at the end of the first stage it measures 6 degrees. Another pump brings it to a new series of canals and basins. When it reaches the cen- tral lagoon where the reserve supply is kept it is 17 FISHERMAN, January, 1920. degrees. By this time it has journeyed many months and covered several hundred miles in its steady flow. | From this point the work becomes very exact. The final basins, less than one feet deep, are rolled smooth and hard as billiard tables. After travelling through- out the year, the water has reached the innermost mys- teries of the maze by the month of August. It is now at 26 degrees, the point of saturation. The salt read- ily forms in large crystals, and the water is drawn off leaving a hard white surface like windswept but rather dirty-colored snow, about 3 ins. in depth. The mother liquor which contains valuable bromine and iodine salts is allowed to go to waste, as the French consider that it is not commercially practical to try to preserve these by-products, which form the basis of another en- tirely distinct industry. 2 Light railway tracks are laid on the salt beds and a — small army of men shovel the salt into cars, which are speedily shunted off to the washing plant. The test- ing of the waters goes on the year round, but the whole harvest of 200,000 tons is gathered in the months of August and September. In order that the year’s work shall not be lost by dissolving the salt, the water used — for washing is almost a saturate solution. After a vig- orous churning to rub the sand off the crystals, the salt emerges from its bath clear and bright, and is car- ried away on a canvas belt to be dumped on the top of the main heap. At the end of the season the great pile contains hundreds of tons of salts and stands from 50 to 60 feet high like a mound of snow visible for miles around, Then comes the work of transporting the salt to the | factory where it is ground into various sizes in mills similar to those used for flour, coffee, ete. Four main sizes are in general use. No. 4 is the salt in its natural state and is used for brine. Nos. 2 and 3 are used for commercial purposes and No. 1 for table use. From the factory the salt is sent to every district of France and through the port of Marseilles to other countries and other people of which the French know little, to assist in their industries and season their soup. Salt is one of the little necessities of life that is taken for granted until for some reason a shortage is threat- ened. During the war sugar might be lacking and bread might be black, but the salt supply was consider- ed necessary to the life of the nation. Accordingly during the critical shortage of labor, production was continued normally by ‘employing German prisoners and women. The Boches have now happily returned to their own country, and the French soldiers, still wear- ing their army caps or their great coats without but- tons, have settled down again to their peaceful task of testing the waters in the marshes and raking in the salt. Kive-year-old Jimmie was telling about some medi- cine he had taken when recovering from the flu. ‘““Yes,’’ he said, ‘‘I took some compulsion of eod- liver oil and—’’ “You mean emulsion, don’t you—not compulsion?” said the visitor. ; ‘‘Well,’’ rejoined Jimmie, ‘‘there was a good deal of compulsion about ity’’—Journal of Commerce. CANADIAN om i J * ay . =| 1 ee eee 4 v : vy : : ! } ! race ERAT 7 ‘ Ae Me taht __ Many years ago, when I was connected with a Par- liamentary Fishery Committee in London, England, 1 ‘spent some time on a Dutch lugger in the North Sea, and the worthy skipper—Sebastien Terelinck, by name —gave me a delicious dish on board which he said con- _ sisted of sea-mussels chopped up with parsley, and other vegetables, seasoned and stewed. It was one of the most savoury dishes of which I ever partook. He told me that in Holland, over a dozen delicious dishes were prepared by Dutch housewives from mussels. have never tasted an appetizing mussel stew since. ; Mussel v. Oyster as Food. ow is it that our people, who justifiably boast that Canada is unexcelled for the variety and excellence of its foods, have neglected such an excellent sea- food as mussels? They are cheap and plentiful, and hey abound along great extent of our shores. Oysters lobsters are becoming scarce and dear, but mus- sels are plentiful and cheap. The best hotel chefs are well aware of the delicious flavour of the mussel, and have long used it in preparing dainty sauces and avourings, when lobsters and oysters were not ob- tainable, or too expensive. The mussel is a food, it oyster as the following comparison demonstrates :—- Flesh. Liquids. Refuse. Proteins. Fats. Oysters pen 9.81 7.65 . 81.40 600 12 “Mussels ..... 92.66 18.00 46.69 1018 1.64 Biological Board’s Investigations. __ The Biological Board of Canada for some years has included in its annual programme of investigations, _ the study of the mussel, and Miss Mossop of Toronto, (but now of Western University, London, Ontario,) has _ eompleted several reports on our mussel resources, and _ the growth of the mussel in the Bay of Fundy and _ adjacent waters. Several able United States Scientists __ have also contributed to the solution of mussel prob- lems. For the mussel question, like so many other _ fishery questions, offers problems which are by no _ means easy to solve. aa Little Known of Mussel’s Life-History. _ The initial difficulty presented, has been lack of _ knowledge respecting the life-history and growth of _ the mussel. That great authority, Sir E. Ray Lankes- ter, in the 9th Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, _eonfessed that little was known about the early life of the mussel, whereas the oyster, clam, scallop, and other shellfish, had been thoroughly studied. This _ is remarkable, considering the widespread occurrence of the mussel. When Lord Tweedmouth’s Scottish Mussel and Bait Beds Commission was busy many - years ago, I found, as Secretary of that Commission, that blank ignorance prevailed respecting the life of the mussel, though Dr. John Wilson, of St. Andrew’s _ University had shortly before carried out a most thor- seems ineredible to assert, is even superior to the» FISHERMAN 15 he Sea Mussel, Its Food Value and Life History By PROF. E. E. PRINCE, M.A., LL. D.. D. Se, Domi- nion Commissioner of Fisheries, Ottawa. oughly study of such, and the Scottish Fishery Board had published his remarkable memoir, with beautiful plates, in the 5th Annual Report of that Board (pp. 246-256). Discoveries by Dr. Wilson and Others. Dr. Wilson’s results have been confirmed by Doctor Field, and other biologists, who have studied the Am- erican mussel. Briefly stated, the chief points in this life history are as follows :— (1). Breeding Period. The spawning period dif- fers on various parts of the coast. Hence, Professor Ganong found April and May to be the period in Can- ada. Dr. Irving Field thinks that the middle of June to the end of August applies to the New England shores, though at Wood’s Hole they have not been found to ripen before July 3rd. British authorities specify April to the end of June, or a little later; while in France, February and March are stated to be the chief months. (2). Separate Sexes. The sexes are separate, but cannot be distinguished excepting at the breeding time, when the male is whitish of creamy pink, while the female is deep orange or even brick red, and pre- sents a more granular appearance than the male. Fe- male mussels often preponderate over males. (8). Genital Glands. The egg—and sperm—pro- ducing organs have not the form of definite genital glands, but form a widespread system of minute tubes all over the liver, the mantle lobes which line the shell-valves, along the floor of the chamber in which the tubular heart lies, and along the walls of the lat- erial cavities, and the hind portions of the ligaments, which protrude like flaps and given a swollen appear- ance to the wedge-shaped abdomen. _ Owing to the wide-spread character of the ovaries and sperm producing organs, the whole mussel at Spawning time appears very fleshy and swollen, and the mantle lobes especially are thickened and opaque, whereas after spawning they are thin and watery. In October they improve again. (4). Mussel’s egg. described. The eggs, which are just visible to the eye as opaque whitish grains, are spherical and 1/350th of an inch in diameter, and on being thrown out by the female sink to the bottom, while the milky sperm fluid, discharged by the male floats as a cloudy substance, often visible for 8 or 10 feet, slightly discolouring the water. Ten to fifteen minutes suffice to deposit the eggs, and during that time they are fertilized as they sink. (5). Fertilization and Embryo. On fertilization, being completed the eggs swell slightly, though it would take not fewer than 300 to cover the top of a pinhead. They are really larger than the egg of the oyster, which measures less than 1/500th of an inch in diameter. The egg-mass separates into a mass of small divisions or segments, and soon looks like a 16 F .CANADIAN FISHERMAN microscopic raspberry, white, translucent, and be- coming covered in eight to twelve hours with moving hairs or cilia, which cause it to spin around. (6). Swimming Mussel Larva. The embryo bursts through the thin membrane or shell, aad appears oval in outline, white a cap-like organ, the ‘‘velum,’’ is formed at one end surrounded by a eirele of bristles. in the midst of which projects one long bristle, or ‘‘flagellum,’’ by which it ean direct its course. It swims actively about during the first twenty-four hours. Indeed, the swimming stage lasts for several days, during which a transparent shell is formed, but not large enough to entirely protect the little mussel. (7). Stage of Attachment. An reaching a size of 1/20th to 1/70th of an inch in diameter, the young mussel, called a ‘‘veliger,’’ has grown a shell which completely encloses it like a twin-valved corselet, and it possesses two eyes, so that it can distinguish light from dark, but oddly enough, these optical organs are placed on the front of the throat, which is a queer place for organs of vision. It also has a small otocyst or ear, and the foot, which is short and usually. ealled the tongue, is white wormlike organ very actively used for progression after it descends to the bottom. Young mussels about the size of millet seeds, cling to the weeds, zoophytes and other objects, and by the time they are 1/12th of an inch in length they pro- duce a ‘‘byssus,’’ or bunch of threads for anchoring themselves. Young mussels will attach themselves to any object, and a most remarkable case is that of a large mussel choking up the gill chamber of a haddock, which is exhibited in the University Museum at St. Andrews, Scotland. This enormous mussel had settled therein as a veliger and flourished in its unique situation Floating buoys may rapidly become clothed with mussels, half a ton being scraped from one buoy in of Lincolnshire, Wash after a few weeks. It has been erroneously stated that the mussel when once anchored, cannot detach itself, but this is not the case. Mussels can move about and form a new byssus, or anchor, at will. Dr. Wilson indeed, points out that the Scottish fishermen fill basins with shelled mussels, when getting their bait ready, and they soon attach themselves. to the sides and thickly cloth the basin with anchoring threads in a few hours. (8). Rate of Growth...The growth of the mussel is such that a length of two or three inches is reached in a year, but much depends on their location. Where food is abundant and the surrounding water flows rapidly, they grow and fatten with surprising rapidity. Habits of the Mussel. Mussels abound from tide-mark down to five or six fathoms depth, though they oceur as deep as fifty fathoms. The horse-mussel, (Modiolus) is a different species, and much larger than the shore mussel, and it is a deep water type. Mussels thrive best in brackish water, especially near mouths of rivers, where they cover muddy flats, and feed on minute plants, diatoms, and invisible food-particles, floating in the water. The food is drawn into the mouth by currents caused by constant waving of the cilia or hairs, the middle cavity of the body, where also the gills hang down like cur tains. Mussels are very sociable, and usually group themselves in bunches, so much so that, when fisher- men scatter them out, they re-assemble and cling to gether, in a few days, by forming the anchoring fibres January, 1920. or byssus threads. On some coasts, as off the Norfolk coast, on Lynn Deeps, England, the mussel-beds cover — nearly one hundred square miles. The Great Ours — | River drains there into the sea and carries a large — amount of food material, which is important to the — prosperity of the mussel beds. the way on the East coast of Britain to the extreme north of Scotland, and on the west coast they occur very generally. Miss Mossop finds that the Canadian _ mussel has a wide distribution on our Atlantic coasts, — but the areas of the beds are somewhat limited. They occur from Grand Manan to Western Nova Scotia, and up to Digby Basin, and on the opposite Shore oc- cur at intervals round to the mouth of the St. Croix. — As a modern writer has said, ‘‘ Like the social reformer of the hour, the mussel cultivator must set his face | above all things, against overcrowding. ‘Tis the mus- — sels besetting sin, and the stunted things you find crawling and clustering over tidal rocks and boulders shows how baneful is its effect.”’ Stunted away mussels not more than 44th of an inch long may be come sexually feature as Dr. Wilson found. = =— Mussel Culture Systems. Two systems of mussel culture have been adopted, viz.—the ‘‘Bed’’ system, which is popular in Holland, and mainly consists in exploiting natural beds in rota- tion, collecting small seed mussels and scattering then over sparsely filled areas. In France, the ‘‘Bouchot’’ or Palisade method has been adopted. Rows of sticks, 300 or 400 in a row, are placed on flat fore-shore areas, and these sticks are woven with brush, on which half-grown mussels are arranged by hand and secur- ed by netting when the tide is out. The mussels anchor themselves and thrive wonderfully, but such large rapidly grown ‘‘buttery’’ mussels are highly esteemed for food purposes, but are not suitable for bait, because the fishermen prefer a compact to mussel which holds well on the hook ‘‘Bouchot’’ mussels are also more expensive. Great Value of Mussel as Bait. = Canadian fishermen have never appreciated the value of the mussel as bait, and Dr. Huntsman, in Fishery Leaflet No. 3 (The Bait Question), issued re- — cently by the Biological Board of Canada, states that our fishermen should use mussel bait, which is pre- pared in the same way as the clam, by separating the two half-shells and taking out the animal. With little practice, this can be done very rapidly. He gives the results of a valuable .experiment carried out near Eastern Harbour, Cape Breton in 1917, which proves that eod, haddock, and hake, take mussel bait,, while dogfish refuse it. This was noticed when schools of dogfish were hovering around the baited lines. The same expert used gaspereaux or alewives in Mirami- chi bay the following year, and he reports—‘Wh used together on the same lines, more eod, haddoek, and hake were caught with the mussels than with the gaspereaux. More striking however, was the fact that such large numbers of dogfish and skate were caught with gaspereaux bait, but not a single one with mussel bait.’’ : Our fishermen, it seems, would avoid the risk of hooking dogfish if they used shellfish as bait, rather than herring or other fish, and the mussel is well worthy of attention, and of utilization as bait. Cer- tainly as a food, the mussel is also merits more atten- tion, and would doubtless become a popular food if made available for the public. 3 Mussel-beds oceur all January, 1920, CANADIAN FPISHERMAN 17 PACIFIC . COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes tn- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable for publication. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Manager, Industrial & Educational " of Trade Building, Vancouver, B.C., Canada SUA: Perr ort aie: Ee Roane eo HOW MANY WHOLESALE GROCERS ASKED THEIR CUSTOMERS TO TRY AND SELL A CASE OF CANNED FISH (F. E. Payson, Secretary, Vancouver Branch Cana- dian Fisheries Association.) It’s human nature the world over to watch for a good buy. Show the buying public how much they save by BUYING A CASE OF CANNED FISH. First the actual cash saving by buying in quantity, then the economy of a can of fish, in which there is no waste. They BUY NET WEIGHT in each can. The public are just as anxious to save to-day as they ever were. This talk one hears of the public buying luxuries and being willing to pay any price for the faney shoes and clothes, hats, ete. applies to very few, and if they were not manufactured and placed on sale many would never know about them. Did it ever oc- eur to you to wonder how many old suits and over- coats were re-made and dyed during this Winter? Make some enquiries among your acquaintances. It will surprise you. The buying public that great middle class and the labouring class—are looking to save all they can, and if you give them the chance they will take advantage of it every time. If the retailer will advertise that CANNED FISH may be PURCHASED BY THE CASE he will soon find he can move a greater volume of goods in this particular line than he ever has before. Mr. Wholesaler, ask your customer, the retail man to try ADVERTISING CANNED FISH BY THE CASE. He will be surprised at the results. JUMP IN EXPRESS RATES CAUSES FALLING OFF IN FLAT FISH SALES ON THE PRAIRIES The public does not seem inclined to pay advance prices on flat fish, as a result the shipments from the Pacific Coast have gradually dropped since the Gov- ernment subsidy was reduced and the express rates advaneed. This means that much of the good accomplished by the Government’s Dominion wide advertising of flat fish as an economical food has been lost by the abolishing of the subsidy and the allowing of the ex- press Companies to increase the rate on shipments of fish. This is not as it should be. Some method should be devised to insure reasonable rates on fish from the Pacific and Atlantic ports. Until this is done and the flat fish given a reasonable length of time to become a favored food, the government should lend a hand. This might be done by reverting to cheaper express rates, as the rates now charged are much higher than they should be. If British Columbia is to develop its fish business we must not be handicapped by high transportation rates. HALIBUT FISHERMEN HAVE NEW RATE By a new agreement between the larse halibut pro- ducing companies on the Pacific Coast and the fisher- men in their employ a slight increase in the price to be paid to the fishermen has gone into effect, A larger increase would undoubtedly have been paid if it had been possible to pay it and continue operating the large steamers. Not being able to do this and the fishermen realizing the position of the companies, a price was finally agreed upon satisfactory to all. Both of the large companies in British Columbia have started operations with a portion of their fleets but will not operate the entire fleet for the present. The large Seattle firms are not operating any of their fleets so far. During the past year owing to the strike and sympathetic strikes and other causes the large steamers only operated about six months of ac- tual working time. This coming season the fishermen should fare much better and get in more time than during 1919. The prices arranged for other varieties of fish re- main the same as last year’s schedule. B. C. SALMON PACK SOLD Vancouver, B. C., January 2.—Practically all of the British Columbia salmon pack for the 1919 season, consisting of 1,314,345 eases, and valued at more than $15,000,000 has been sold. Seventy-five per cent, has been exported, principally to Great Britain Cased salmon is smaller and varying quantities have been shipped from this province to other points in the Brit- ish Empire and to France, Italy, Greece and several European countries 18 CANADIAN FISHERMAN RE MODIFICATIONS IN POLICY GOVERNING SALMON FISHING AND CANNING IN. DUSTRIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Ottawa, January 20.—The question of the best pol- icy to govern the administration of the great salmon fishing and canning industries of British Columbia has for years been one on which there has been much division of opinion. Owing to their nature the sal- mon fisheries are difficult to adequately protect as the fish are caught only when they are on their way to their spawning areas in the upper waters of the rivers and streams to reproduce their species. For several years past the policy has been to limit the number of persons that might engage in the fishery and hence the number of canneries has also been limi- ted. This policy made it impossible for persons not al- ready engaged in these industries to go into them. Also tended to encourage the employment of Japanese in the industry and to discourage the settlement of a white fishing population on the coast. Many of the soldiers who have returned from the front within the past few years have been anxious to engage in this industry but notwithstanding that several exceptions were made in their favour, the in- dustry is not as freely open to them as it should be. In the existing conditions two points seem obvious, Viz, 1. That the protection of the fisheries by limiting the number of persons that may engage in fishing and in canning is no longer desirable; and 2. That it is desirable to do everything feasible to encourage a white fishing population to become per- manently established along the coast of British Col- umbia to engage in the development of the great fish- eries thereof. After consideration of the whole matter by the Min- ister of the Naval Service he has decided to immedi- ately withdraw limitation on the number of salmon cannery and salmon fishery licenses that may be is- sued; and, with the object of encouraging the estab- lishing of a white fishing population on the coast, no salmon cannery nor salmon seining or trap-net fish- ing licenses will be granted to others than resident citizens of the white race or to joint stock companies composed entirely of persons of the white race and no greater number of salmon gill-net or trolling licenses, —the other methods of salmon fishing—will in future be granted to resident citizens of other than the white race or Native Indians than was isued to them for the past season. Adequate protection of the fisheries will be assum- ed by the enforcement of proper regulations. THE LITTLE BROWN MAN HAS STILL A GOOD CHANCE TO FISH UNDER NEW FISHING REGULATIONS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA If a white British subject gets a purse seine license to operate a purse seine, there is apparently no law to prevent his employing Japanese or any other nationalities to work for him. All he needs is the boat and seine, and all the little Jap requires is to know how to fish. Many more purse seine licenses will be issued this year than last and more Japanese will have a chance to fish than ever: If he has a purse seine and boat the white man ean buy or lease the boat and employ the Japanese owner to fish for him, f January, 1920. The new regulations have helped rather than hin- dered the Japanese fisherman, except as regards the gill net licenses. The canneries are not restricted to any given area but may send their seines and fishermen to any area. The new regulations have certainly thrown the sal- mon fishing wide open and now the excitement has cleared it looks as though things might have been a lot worse. NO NEW APPLICATIONS FOR CANNERIES FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA TO DATE There has been no rush for licenses to operate new > salmon canneries in British Columbia although the salmon fisheries are now open to all British subjects of the white race. This docs not surprise those who know the conditions. It takes much money and a considerable knowledge of the coast of British Colum- bia to start a new cannery with the hope of salmon with any degree of success, and to date there has been only one new salmon cannery license issued. This is for the Maritime Fisheries, Limited, for a can- nery at Haysport, on the Skeena River. This is not a new application as it has been on file for some time and a cold storage plant is already own- ed by this company at this point. It will be another year before any real results as to how many new canneries will be built under the new regulations will be known. CHANGE IN B. C. HATCHERY OFFICIALS Captain J. N. Hamer is now in charge of the Ger- ard Hatchery, having been transferred from the Riv- ers Inlet Hatchery and succeeding Mr. L. Ogilvie, who was drowned -last Summer. Capt. Hamer has been with the Dominion Fisheries Department for eight years having been head officer at Rivers Inlet since 1912. He was an Imperial Army officer and at one time served in the New Zealand forces. His succes- sors at Rivers Inlet hatchery is Mr. W. Reid. This is a promotion as Mr. Reid was formerly Capt. Ham- er’s assistant. CLOSE SEASON FOR HALIBUT FISHING BANKS QUITE NECESSARY Chief Inspector F. H. Cunningham of the Dominion Fisheries for British Columbia considers that the pro- posed halibut treaty pending between Canada and the United States, absolutely necessary for the preserva- tion of halibut. The treaty provides a close season for halibut fish- ing from November to February 15, commencing next year. It embodies the findings of the International Fisheries Commission which received evidence here with regard to the North Pacific fishing in the spring of last year. Sir Douglas Hazen represented the Can- adian government and W. C. Redfield, American See- retary of Commerce, was the appointee of the United States fishing interests. “Tt is the season of the year when most of the small boats are laid up,’’ explained the chief inspector, ‘While some of the larger boats start halibut fishing in January, the smaller vessels do not commence until February.’’ Mr. Cunningham does not think that a close season will make much difference to the halibut market as practically all halibut consumed during the winter months is the fall pack which has been kept in eold storage. a a eee Ae CANADIAN CLAY SOUND HERRING HEAVILY DEPLET. ED BY THE PAST SEASONS CATCH ‘The majority of the salt herring packed for the r market this season has been packed up at ar Sound on the West Coast of Vancouver Is- id. At the present time there has been more packed n at any time during the last three or four years, In the past three years practically all of this variety salt herring was packed from fish caught off Nan- -aimo on the East Coast of Vancouver Island and in en instances were packed and shipped by Japanese. ea is season many white fishemen fished and packed a large majority of the catch. The result of the enormous catches which compris- ed every size of herring on the Nanaimo grounds has been that at the present time the Nanaimo herring are of an inferior quality when compared with Barclay Sound Herring. This condition is attributed to the heavy f-shing and want of restrictions in past years ‘The question now arises will the condition of Barclay _ Sound fisheries as regards to herring catch be the Same in future years as now obtains at Nanaimo? This condition should be studied carefully by the fisheries department so that the large sized herring may not be ished out. HEAVY PACK OF SALT HERRING FOR CHINESE “seats MARKET _ The most of the salt herring pack for the Chinese market was produced on the West Coast of Vancouv- er Island at Barclay Sound. There will be some salted at Nanaimo as in past years but most of the pack will -eome from Barclay Sound. An estimate of about 12,000 tons for the season been made which is several thousand tons more than for each year the past two or three years. Prices have ranged from $40,00 to $50.00 per ton. These prices are f. 0. b. Vancouver. _ Shipping facilities have been better as the U. S. _ shipping Board arranged to handle a considerable - “uantity. Another fact is that white firms have se eured a big share of the business, where in previous -ycars of Japanese firms were the principal producers. ; CANNED FISH MARKET _ This season of the year sees a very small movement _ im any variety of salmon. With the exception of _ chums all varieties have been disposed of. Chums are being sold in small lots right along but no strong movement is noticed. Canners are busy getting plants ready for next season’s operations. Every indication points to an advance in prices of all varieties of canncd salmon for the 1920 pack. _ This is owing to increased cost of cans, labor and the ‘advanee in price of fish to fishermen. The canned _ salmon prices have advanced very little in compari- son with advances in other varieties of food. be Many new connections have been made in foreign _ markets and the canning season will see increased sales to these markets. The sales to British Domin- __ ions such as Australia, New Zealand and South Africa is steadily inereasing, and with increased transpor- _ tation facilities there is certain to be a greater de- mand and stronger endeavors to broaden out in these markets. Not only will canned salmon be in demand but also herring and pilchards. wali. a % Sa s in connection with the herring fisheries at Nanaimo. FISHERMAN VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FISH MARKET _ The first shipment of red Spring salmon arrived from the West Coast of Vancouver Island during the week ending January 17th. This shipment consisted of about five tons of fish, and was sold locally at prices ranging from 17e to 22¢ per |b. Fresh caught ling cod are scarce, and are selling locally at from 10¢ to 12¢ per lb. There is a fair sup- ply of fresh caught soles and a good demand locally at 7 to 8c¢ per lb. Fresh herring are plentiful and are selling at 3c. - There is no change in prices for ship- ping from the December quotations. 19 VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FISH MARKET Cents per lb. menue, - chickes Sj. cess ees Bas te Jo: 13 Red Springs (heads off) .. ............. 18 White Springs (heads off)................ 10 UE Sae ieee wires ts oe ee eres 16 fing’ Cod (plentiful ....05.0..604 50655. 8 meee Cod: (scarue) ii feeb es, eee 5 name’ od -(round)2 6. se ee eee ae 5 to 6 meet (scares). rv a ea 10 to 12 meme Oh” Bile; 450 oe ae a 6 to 7 ENG ys 0 8 PUD Teas aes tS SERRa 38to 5 Chess cer omer eke ay ee ne 4 RL rk rh ay te pata cig oso eau tain on 6 SHELL FISH per doz. ROR. CECATCE) oe es ae $1.00 to $1.50 BGG. «cise ae ah ee ey 22 to 25¢ RY Propose ena ipiaa meme ao 2% to 3%e VANCOUVER PRICES SMOKED AND SALT FISH Smoked Sable Fish (black cod, whole)... . 14 Kippered Sable Fish .................... 20 mamets, mable Mish 2.5 6c. e's sees eee sce. 17 Smoked Pink Salmon (whole) .......... 20 I MINA a ic ssh caches cacceecust 18 to 20 MN eee pees teeny Maral 7% MOG, FIOPIINE oo en nee eke ci ak be ake 9 Beery Addie. ove ua so hess cee teak 14 MPRCOEH TIGGUIG rs close viyalnais oo bs noes 10 Herring Chicks in bundles of 5 boxes (per box) 18e. Salt Herring: Medium, 900 to 1000 count, 250 lbs. net.... $8.50 Medium 1400 to 1500 count, 250 Ibs. net .... 7.50 PTO CA IDES lp ga ren vod ice vies pees. 8.50 Beatie: tae AR en es a yuan ten hae t 5.25 ATO hie DNs on vss th ea ko eaten eee 3.25 Salt Sable Fish (Black Cod): EEN G4 Ga chy nivls wel ouch oe Rete CdCl: 22.00 BY GLNB a ene ta ha Cup Paha PUTS DR ont 12.00 UR PPR 8 02 9 laa Rana ar ail eh pea 6.25 Salt Pink Salmon: OP A cach ite coerce ais od ces Phe eae _ 15.50 BED: Gis so cea wants RAS RLSM E heaktin's ¥ os 8.50 Oe PO ee le ea Mead aaa 4.75 Salt Grey Cod: 10e PAO! QSAR OU ED. 5 iss wh sncs 4:0 each tA 5 discos > 20 CANADIAN RECENT LEGAL DIVISION IN N.S. COURTS re PURSE SEINING. (From Michigan Law Review). j Fishing —Violation of Statute against Purse Sein- in—In a prosecution for violation of a statute pro- hibiting fishing for salmon with a purse seine east of a certain line in the Columbia river, the facts were stipulated to be as follows: defendant was fishing with a purse seine outside forbidden portion of the river when the tide carried his net towards such line; be- fore reaching same he closed his net completely, and allowed it to drift into the forbidden area with the fish in it; when about 100 yards inside said line he pulled on to his boat and removed the fish. Parties further stipulated that, in such fishing, the act of the removing the net from the water and emptying same is a necessary part of the fishing operation; also that no fish were caught in the seine inside said line. Held: since such act was a necessary part of the fishing operation, defendant was guilty of a violation of the statute. State v. Marco, (Ore. 1919), 183 Pac. 653. The court quotes extensively from, and largely bases its decision on, the case of ‘‘The Gerring’’ v. Queen, 27 Canada Sup. Rep. 271. In that case, by treaty, the United States had renounced the right to ‘‘take, dry, or eure fish’’ within three miles of the coast of British possessions in America. The ‘‘Gerring’’ a U. 8. fish- ing vessel, had been fishing outside the’ three- mile limit, had pulled in its seine, and ‘“‘purs- ed’? same, attaching it to the boat, and the engaged, the vessel drifted within the three-mile limit and was seized. By a 8-2 vote the Canadian court eondemned the vessel as having been fishing in viola- tion of the treaty and Canadian law. While the majority of the court in that case did decide that such acts were ‘‘fishing’’ and a violation of the treaty, the decision of condemnation appears to have been in- fluenced by certain other -cireumstanecs. The words of the treaty—‘‘take, dry or cure fish’’—were inter- preted as intended to embrace all the intermediate acts (as the bailing here) between the taking itself and the preparing of human consumption; also the treaty provided that foreign fishing vessels might enter into the territorial waters for wood, water, shelter or re- pairs, and for no other purpose; so, on this ground, even the entry itself may have been sufficient to de- cide the question; further, the court seemed to have been influenced by the fact that this kind of fishing was considered contrarv to public policy. as tending to annihilate the fish-food supply. and hesitated to vive immunity to the vessel under these circumstances. On the above-mentioned grounds it seems that this ease may be distinguished from the case at hand. Probably the Oregon eourt based its Cecision on the stipulation of the parties that the act of removing the seine from the water was a necessary part of the fish- ing operation—otherwise it is difficult to see on what grounds the case should be sustained; and it may be noted that this court. also, was influenced by the fact that this kind of fishing is looked upon with disfavor. These courts lay some stress upon the fact that. until the fish are actually in the boat, there is. still a chance of escape and that therefore the operation of fishing is not complete: granting this, certainly in these two eases no more fish could enter the net, and that would seem to be the true prohibition of such a statute against fishing. The fish are undoubtedly reduced to pos- session and ownership when completely enclosed in the net—State v. Shaw, 67 Ohio St. 157, 60 L.R.A, 481, —and it would seem that, for ordinary purposes, the FISHERMAN January, 1920. act of fishing should then be considered as complete, and certainly so as against a statute such as the one here, the purpose of which would seem merely to be to prevent the catching of fish out of the waters in question. THE FISHERIES OF GLOUCESTER The total catch of fish landed at Gloucester, Mass.;- according to a Board of Trade return, amounted to 120,350,914 Ibs, for the year 1919—a decrease of prac- tically 24,000,000 Ibs. in comparison with the total landings of 1918. There was a considerable falling off in the landings: of pollock to the amount of approximately 8,000,000 Ibs. but this was made up by an increase in the had-— dock eateh of a similar amount. The landings of fresh cod were the same as during 1918, but there were de- ereases in the catch of halibut and the landings of salt cod, fresh herring, salt herring, cured fish, and fresh and salt mackeral. Imports from Canada and Newfoundland totalled 25,243,868 lbs., during the py a decrease of approximately 3,000,000 Ibs. from 1918. NEW KERMATH MODEL 40 H. P. MOTOR The Kermath Manufacturing Company, announce that they are ready to supply orders for their new model 40 H. P.—a 4 cylinder, 4 cycle engine, extremely suitable for fishing craft. Model 40 is ab- solutely complete in every detail and has only just been put on the market after a year and a half of se- vere testing. Some of the noteworthy features of the engine are a deep section crank-case giving extreme rigidity to the crank case and bearings and positive assurance of perfect alignment of this part of the mo- tor at all times under most extreme conditions, and ability to operate with facility at speeds from as low as 500 r. p. m. to 1,200 r. p.m. The bearings through- — out are extremely large and the reversing gear is fitted to the plant. The price includes all accessories of the best makes and has been based upon a large production of the Model 40 Motor. The company have received many flattering testimonials already from experts who have made boat trials with the new motor. : CANADIAN LOBSTERS WANTED FOR FRANCE The Canadian Trade Commission advise us that they have received a cable from the Canadian Mission in London reading as follows: ‘‘Henry W. Peabody, 16 Easteheap, London, E. C., England, advise having important enquiry for lobsters for France. Please have New Brunswick and Western Nova Scotia pack- ers interested communicate direct with these people.” AMENDMENT TO CANNED FOODS ACT By an amendment to the Meat and Canned Foods Aet assented to on November 10th, the minimum weight of the eontents, deseription and vernacular name of contents, and place where packed must be printed-on the label of the can. There shall be five sizes of eans used for canning lobsters, viz: cans con- ‘aining not less than 3, 6, 9, 12, 16 ounces avoirdupois of dry lobster meat. No other size ean allowed with- out permission of the Minister. Detroit, 1 ee aes CANADIAN FISHERMAN 21 Montreal Fish Facts and Fancies By ‘‘The Dreamer.’’ What a royal time we had at the National Fish Day Dinner! Keep it fresh in your minds and you will always get inspiration for the cause. The success of National Fish Day is just another example of what GREAT BIG MEN can do when co-operation is the spirit of the hour. The fact that a family of five can procure a good square meal for fifty cents sounds like a miracle in these days of high cost living. But it is nevertheless a fact and it is only a Fried Fish and Chip Shop that such a miracle of economical feeding could be accom- plished. The Fried Fish and Chip business has a real future before it and if the Montreal men will keep to the game the time will come when we will boast of an Ancient the Honorable Guild of Fish Fryers similar to the or- ganization which flourished in London, England. Think of it! The latest convert to the Fried Fish business in no less a personage than Lord Leverhulme--- a Peer of the Realm—the Prime Minister of British Industry. There is a bunch of encouragement for the Montreal Fish Fryer when a millionaire peer endorses the worth of your vocation to the community and even joins your ranks. Keep up to date you Montreal retail fish men! Let the spirit of enterprise you showed for National Fish Day be an every day spirit. Also, let me say that the day of the dirty, odorous, fly-specked fried fish shop is past. Up-to-the-minute Fried Fish Palaces is what is needed to cater to an up-to-date and _ particular public. There’s a lot in a name. What should it be? Fried Fish and Chip Shop? Fish Supper Bar? or Sea Food Grill? Send in your suggestions care of the Editor and we might make a start in Montreal. Messrs. Mitchell Bros., of Rosemount catered for the wedding feast of a young French-Canadian couple and fish and chips was the principal fare. A whole wedding feast for five dollars! Can you beat it? The H. C. of L. got a bump that time, yet our people and our newspapers are howling about the cost of eating. There are none so blind as those who won’t see. Harry Woolmer of the Wellington Fish Store has opened another store at the North End on Beaubien Street. He has secured a good stand and under his good management the vogue of fish eating should in- erease in the district which he aims to serve. Now, Mr. Producer and Mr. Wholesaler! It is up to you to co-operate closely with us in ‘‘The Game’’. It is you that we depend on. We are aware of your troubles with bad weather and transportation, but are you aware of ours? Do you really study us as much as you ought? We are your RIGHT HAND MEN. We hand the goods out to the consumer and we hear and hear the brunt of his kicks and complaints. Give us good fresh stock. See that it is handled carefully (not with a pitch-fork) ; have it well packed and chase it along to us. We'll take care of the rest. The Montreal retailer is daily doing educational work —shonting from the house-tops the great propaganda of ‘‘Eat More Fish’’, but to be effective, the producer and wholesaler must co-operate with ns and sustain our efforts in every way. If this spirit does not dom- inate your business, then get out of the running as you are only holding us back and putting rosin instead of grease on the Skids of Progress. Acadia Gas Engines Popular We draw attention to the advertisement of the Acad- ia Gas Engines, Limited, which will be found on an- other page of this issue. The picture is the same as they have on their 1920 Calendar, and shows the typi- eal fishing boat of the Shelburne, Yarmouth and Digby build and the 10 H. P. 2 Cylinder ‘‘Acadia’’ engine shows every possible detail from visible angles Mr. Anton Otto Fischer, who is recognized as one of the most famous Marine Artists in North America was commissioned by the Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, to execute the painting, and the Calendar is nicely finished in colors and in keeping with such a pro- gressive firm as the Acadia Gas Engines, Limited. This Company has one of the most up to date Ma 22 CANADIAN chine Shops in the Maritime Provinces; in fact, one that will compare favorably with any Machine Shop in Canada. Starting 12 years ago in a building 32 x 50 feet, with an output of 35 engines per year, this Com- pany, under the mnagement of Mr, W. T. Ritcey has grown to such an extent, that today they occupy sixty- five thousand square feet of floor space and have a capacity of one engine every forty minutes, and this speaks volumes for the ‘‘Acadia’’ and business methods of this Company. They had the usual success last year, having an increase of sales of 40% over 1918. The engine they manufacture chiefly is of the Make & Break Heavy Duty Type, and in addition to their large business in Canada they control between 40 and 50% of the engine business in Newffoundland. ‘The rough coast of Newfoundland is known tv all, and the A Corner in the Machine Shop of Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, Bridgewater, Nova fact of the ‘‘Acadia’’ meeting with such FISHERMAN January, 1920. month consisting of 307 engines, so it will be no sur- prise if they beat their own record next month. Mr. Ritcey, realizing that the trade also requires a 4 cycle engine, has engaged one of the best designers in the United States and will be manufacturing im- mediately Heavy Duty 4 cycle engines. They will also have Stationary Engines of their own manufacture Gn the market this month, and we predict the same suc- cess will follow the 4 cycle Marine and Stationary en- gines as followed the 2 cycle ‘‘Acadia’”’. They know what the trade requires and manufacture accordingly, and we feel sure that any one who is desirous of pur- chasing either a Marine or Stationary eagine will do-+ well by consulting the Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, Bridgewater, N. 8. Scotia, success there shows it must be an en- gine most suited for the fishermen. They make large shipments regularly to St. John’s, where they have their New- foundland Branch, and last spring they had a train load in one shipment. At the time of making this shipment, it was thought it was not only the largest ship- ment of Marine Engines made in Canada up to that time, but would be a reeord which would stand for some time. The shipment referred to consisted of 355 engines, with their complete outfits ready to install in the boats, and al- though the demand for Marine Engines is not as great in the Fall as in the Spring yet they made a single shipment last ATRAIN SHIPMENT OF ACADUA EN Be oe. Professor Lester W. Gill, lately appointed Director _ of Technical Education to administer the ten million dollars voted by the Dominion for distribution to the _ provinces, was born in Prince Edward Island in 1871,— a son of the farm, English on his father’s and Scotch on his mother’s side. After getting a good elementary education in the publie schools of ‘‘'the Island’’, he left home at the age of fifteen and spent three years in commercial work in the United States. In 1892 he entered McGill University choosing the course in Mechanical Engineering. He graduated in 1896 with honours and the gold medal. He then took a post graduate year in Electrical Engineering with re-search work in magnetism, and was awarded an 1851 Exhibi- tion Scholarship. This was held for two years one of sity and the other at Harvard where he took up special studies in physics and mathematics. After this distinguished course as a student, Mr. Gill took up commercial engineering work with the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, where special opportunities were offered for the study of manufacturing methods and shop practice. In 1900 Mr. Gill was appointed Professor of General Engineering in the School of Mining, Kingston (at that time affiliated with Queen’s University.) The _ rapid expansion of this school into a Faculty of applied ’ science made it necessary to organize and develop courses of study in all the branches of engineering. _ This gave the opportunity for limiting Professor Gill’s work, first to mechanical engineering and later to elec- trical engineering. About this time he was called upon to design and superintend the installation of a central heating plant at Queen’s University, the first large central heating plant installed in Canada. Professor Gill’s work as a teacher has been characterized by the same clearness of thought and keenness of perception which enabled him to win honours as a student and to gain and keep the confidence of manufacturing con- cerns. In January, 1915 he volunteered for overseas ser- vice. At that time he was in command of theUniversity Company of Field Engineers, Captain Macphail having gone overseas with a company in the first Division. Professor Gill’s training in the University Company prepared him for the task which he then undertook,— to recruit from the students and graduates a battery of Field Artillery for overseas service. His mechanical ability and training enabled him to become quickly ef- ficient in the handling of the guns. The Militia De- partment accepted the University’s offer on Nov. Ist, 1915, and on February 3rd, 1916, Lieut Gill was pro- moted to the rank of Major and proceeded overseas in command of the battery (later the 46th) which he had reeruited and organized in less than three months. After five months training in England, Major Gill was sent to France in command of the 46th. Battery, which was then a part of thellth Brigade. He remained in command of this unit until] March 26th 1917, when the llth Brigade was disbanded, consequent upon the de- cision to change the Canadian Field Artillery from 4- gun to 6-gun batteries. Subsequently Major Gill was which was spent in research work at McGill Univer- | CANADIAN FISHERMAN 1 23 a L. W. Gill, New Director of Technical Education PROFESSOR LESTER W. GILL. given command of the 23rd Battery nd later of the 45th Battery. After the taking of Vimy Ridge, Major Gill was com- pelled to retire from combatant service, on account of ill-health, due principally to the effects of gas. After eight weeks in hospital, he was requisitioned by the War Office for special technical duty with the Ministry of Munitions, on which service he spent nine months. In September, 1918, he applied for return to combatant service and the application was granted. He was under orders to return to France when the armistice was signed. At that time application had been made by the Khaki University for his transfer to the Edueational Services. As the fighting was over, Major Gill decided that his services could best be utilized in the work of retraining men for civil life as a beginning of recon- struction. Early in December, 1918, he was appointed Assistant Director of Educational Services, in which he was responsible for the administration of all the work of the Khaki University in England. The Khaki Uni- versity having been disbanded in August. 1919, Major Gill returned to Canada and accepted a temporary ap- pointment to his old position in Queen’s University. He was appointed Director of Technical Education in December, a post for which he is peculiarly well quali- fied by his education, wide experience, taat, and enerev. These qualities have had public recognition in other ways. On two oceasions Professor Gill represented Canada at International meetines of the International Electro-technical Commission, and he is one of those chosen by his fellow engineers as a member of the Canadian Engineering Standards Association. 76 CANADIAN SPECIALIZE VARNISHED SALMON, HERRING AND PILCHARD LABELS THE B.C.PRINTINGsLITHOLTD. VANCOUVER, B.C.CANADA. FISHERMAN ell Telephone Up 4512 “é “é cé 4513 cé sé «é 825 O’Connor’s Fish Market For all Varieties of FISH 1, 2 and 3 St. Antoine Market MONTREAL January, 1920 RELIABLE | CANADIAN PRODUCTS \ ; SS WN \\ DSN Profect Your Business SE a Reliable Ignition Battery—most de- pendable for your power boat, bell, or any other battery use. The Reliable Ignition Battery gives longer service because it is fitted with the Big Brass Cap that gives you the maximum spark—puts all power to work. The Reliable Ignition Battery is sealed in piteh, and is moisture-proof. It is also tested three times before it reaches you in order that the high standard of Reliable quality may be uniformly maintained. The Reliable Ignition Unit No. 8216 is built for heavy engine work or other hard and ex- acting ignition purposes. Reliable Flashlights contain the same Re- liable quality. Complete your equipment with a Reliable Flashlight, a handy and safe pocket light. Sold by all dealers. THe DOMINION BATTERY Cems 736 DUNDAS STREET EAST TORONTO CANADA January, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN iT All of these boats are wered with “Frisco tandard”’ engines. FISHING OUT OF GLOUCESTER There are many schooners like those shown above powered with ‘Frisco Standard” motors that are noted on the banks for their reliability and steady performance. In the New England fishing fleet just as in the fisheries of the Gulf of Mexico and the great salmon and halibut fisheries of the Pacific Coast, the “‘Frisco Standard” is rapidly be- coming recognized as the standard motor power for all fishing vessels. The boats shown above are “IMPERATOR” “VICTOR” 106 ft. in ee ee all, powered with 110 95 ft. long, powered Vera hos en att with a 110 hp. “Pri h.p. “Frisco Standara 4 Standard’’ “VEDA W. MCKOWN”’ “ AGNES ” +: 90 ft. long, powered with twin 40 h.p. 4 “Frisco Standard” 106 ft. over all, pow- ered with 110 h. p. “Frisco Standard” In the World’s Gresatet Fishing and Work Boat Fleets, the “Frisco, Standard” i is the Supreme Power Plant SEND FOR LATEST LITERATURE AND COPY OF STANDARD “BOAT BOOK” STANDARD GAS ENGINE COMPANY OAKLAND, CALIFORNIA SALES AGENTS FOR EASTERN CANADA—A. BR W /liams Machines y Company, Toronto, Montreal and St. John, N.B 78 CANADIAN FISHERMAN January, 1920. ’ @ © mere wey = 4 = Hse v ~ Kec jot wl | rota rf The fish = peer ss i Bie ES f~ cnt oe Caught & Packed by E ff cta'te s (EQ WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED jai Mey ites ee VANCOUVER, CANADA. o Tell Your Customer That he can sell a case of WALLACE’S CANNED HERRING where he sells a can. A man buys a box of apples. Why nota case of canned herring? It will keep indefinitely. TRY IT. WALLACE ae LIMITED VANCOUVER BLOCK, - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Canadian - American - Oriental Salmon — Herring — Pilchards Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Canadian Canned Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp— —Miik Honey — Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts Cured and rouee st ol a es “ois — Fi h i — ° c ils — ~—-- | Foti -Apples ni So $e toes -Onions Smoked ts SA ON. i fk en er. eine O'LOANE, KIELY & CO., Ltd. | COANE Kierye COLO: HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA ; VANCOUVER:BS: m Associate Offices: Seattle, San Franc i (U.S.A.); Kobe Japan, * CABL 4 ADDRESS: ‘‘BRITSALMON” Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver a CABLE ADDRESS: BIRKS CR : & CO. CODES: dase cee A.B.C. 5th anaee 325 Homer St. BENTLEYS VANCOUVER VANCOUVER, - ARMSBYS som, CANNED FISH fet Pilchards Clams OUR SPECIALTY—ACTING AS BUYER’S CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES C. 1. F. Prices Quoted > January, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, - MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘'VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG” *““NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish J. Bowman & Co., Port Arthur, Ont. Wabakin Fish Co., Montreal, Que. A. W. Fader, Canso, N.S. a CANADIAN FISHERMAN. January, 1920. Established 1874 -D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 lb. Blocks, 20 lb. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, communicate with us It will always pay and interest you January, 1920. CaNADIAN> “PESHERMAN 8} When Men Go To Sea— —battling their way through savage storms and shrieking gales they must be protected from the spray of freezing water and knife- : like gusts of wind—they MUST have depend- [_ able, comfortable, long-wearing Boots—and [a that is why— aa FISHERMEN have invariably chosen [im Goodrich ‘‘ Hi-Press’’ Boots. a) We have spent over $1,000,000 perfecting a § line of rugged, extra service—just a little dif- | ferent, and just alot better—Rubber Footwear | for the use of you men who go to sea. , Goodrich ‘‘ Hi-Press’’ Footwear is made with the exact knowledge of what you fishermen must have to withstand and bear-up under exposure to halibut sputum; they are made in ONE PIECE; they will not leak, rip or crack; there will be no half-soling. GOODRICH “HI-PRESS” footweat This better kind ‘‘ With the Red Line ’Round the Top” is for YOU—the Fisherman. es See RE Pe —— pi all pe aeyiw i ia THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER CO. The City of Goodrich— AKRON, OHIO The Brown “‘Hi-Press"’ Storm King ~all that the name implies CANADIAN FISHERMAN Januar y, 1920. Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario January, 1920, CANADIAN FISHERMA, = = : In addition to the full statistics of the Fisheries which are published yearly in the Annual Report, the Department issues quarterly bulletins containing statistics of the sea fisheries and general information in regard thereto. Copies of these will be sent free to any applicant. The value of the Fisheries of Canada is now over $52,000,000.00 annually. The demand in the home markets for fresh, fresh-frozen and mildly cured fish is expanding very rapidly. The Department has arranged for the use of refrigerator cars for transporting fish from the Atlantic coast _ to Montreal and Toronto by a fast train known as the ‘‘Sea-Foods Special’. On the days on which this service does not operate, the Department pays one-third of the express charges on shipments of fresh, or mildly cured fish from the Atlantic coast to points in Quebec and Ontario. It also pays two-thirds of _ the railway transportation charges on shipments of fish other than halibut and salmon from the Pacifie coast as far east as Manitoba inclusive. Close Seasons for F rch in Force on December Ist, 1918 Kiad of Fish: Nova Scotia. New Brunswick. P. E. Island. Quebec. PT e rt ees 1 April to 15 June. rer | Mis cus sev tacterumens sae sue ee ly to 5 - eee eee eee ee 1 Oct. to 30 an. to 30 Sept bl in as b1 Jan. to 30 y “to bl jon to 30 Sept. t. 1 to May 10 &} Oct. tt idee and | Oct. 1 to May 3 heges SSG SA SMD eE eA chen ss July 1 to Aug 31. jay * to Aug. 31. Bae WE Se ee ee ae en MSs AP OSB PAP Seeker CLOVES EE REET TS GUNS CS Cem E so vcvasusbgubecersssss April yer May 15. won (netting) .......°...| Aug 16 to Feb. 28 Aug. 16° to Feb: 28. Aug. 16 to Feb’ 28 Aug. 1 to A.at 30. mon (angling)... +.++-.| dAug. 16 to Jan. 31. dSept 16 to March 31. | Sept. 16 to Mareh 31 Aue. 6 to April 30. ea a .| cApril 1 to June 30. cMarch 1 to June 30. cApril 1 to: June 30. dApril 1 to June 30 CEs SAE RT ERE ial Bessibevevarhaccrpscess jones 3 Sa teh de 0s ened Cake abe ehke ss djune 1 to June 30. ae Oct! “I ‘to March’ 31. Oct. 1 to March 31. Oct! “i to ‘March 31. Oct. 1 to April 30 NE a rrre era seu it ve! bi 4 » CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, | CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of } TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN ~ WHEN LABOR TROUBLE . LOOMS-—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine ofithe kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over , ; the old style, is only one of Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Plat Cans the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster-—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (or?jeend sive the cnchenge CANADLAN PISHERMAN 11 Cable Addrese:--"DAVECONNOR,”’ VANCOUVER. D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service ALL CODES USED 10 Winch Building. Addresse par Cable:-‘‘DAVECONNOR,” f “VANCOUVER. Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C.1.¥F. PRICES COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR ee ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace . License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, En VANCOUVER, B.C. 510 Winch Building Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. D. CONNOR sonnibon De sazsron Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado VANCOUVER, B.C. COMISIONISTA Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. p sae PRECIOS C. I. F. ; REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. VANCOUVER, B.C. © Winch Building . : Maritime Fisheries, Limited _D. T. SANDISON, Managing Director Packers and Exporters: SALMON SCOTCH CURED HERRING FISH OIL AND FERTILIZER Head Office: 802-804 Credit Foncier Bldg, Vancouver, B.C. a Plant: Aliford Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands, a British Columbia. W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.1.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es- pecially CHUMS. Cable “GENERAL” in the following codes: ay ee Western Union 5 letter, A. B. C. Sth edition, Bloaters Packers of :— ‘i THE BRAND OF EXCELLENCE Kippered Herring Herring Chicks Scaled Herring Scotch Cured Herrings in Barrels, Half-Barrels and Pails WATSON BROS. FISHING & PACKING CO. LTD. VANCOUVER. B.C. 6°'¥. PLESSSSSOSSSSSS SSS SSS ES LEESE ESTELLA Boneless Herring Fish Pastes in 4 oz. Smoked Salmon Glass Jars Kippered Salmon Bloater, Anchovy, Kippered Cod Sardine CANADIAN FISHERMAN. February, 1920. Dry for Salt Criental Herring Export C. O. Julian & Co. “iss Producers and Wholesale Distributors of 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia LEVESONS, LIMITED joyged ota by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS , Canned EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, Agents for Bovril, Limited, Salmon, Canned Piichar 8, Dominion Building, 207 Hastings St., ‘Tripping Deer Brand”’ Canned Herring. Vancouver, B.C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. 236 N. Clarke St. CHICAGO Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMENTS The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. CANNED AND FRESH ESTABLISHED 1900 HERBERT JOU RNEAUX KER OF THE FAMOUS - BAY CHALEUR BRAND FRESH SMELTS CASPE SALMON LOBSTERS Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. FRESH HADDOCK LOBSTERS FRESH Se” Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships Walter Lambert, M.1.N.A. NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER 700 Drummond Bldg., MONTREAL Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting | — SMITH & RITCHIE FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT CORRESPONDENCE INVITED AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE :—The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. ee Se eT ——=—[_[_>[>[—[—_—[——[—-=————__—>{=>={"@"@"{_——“" [_=_=__{={= y | Crossley Net Lifting Machines For Steam or Gasoline Power For Fresh or Salt Water Crossley Steam Steering Gear Entirely Automatic with 9 H. a0 Engine “‘The Machines That Have No Equal’’ Net Leads of All Sizes Write for Catalogue Crossley Lead and Machine Company, ERIE, PA. MEN—-MINUTES— MONEY WY; UZ, You can save labor, save time, save y space and facilitate handling for stor- age, inspection or removal by using an \ ECONOMY STEEL TIERING MACHINE Write for Complete Facts on the Economy System. Made in Canada exclusively by STANDARD STEEL CONSTRUCTION CO., LIMITED STEEL BRIDGES AND BUILDINGS PORT ROBINSON - - ONTARIO — a om és go latin Nba a ba : February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 13 : OIL RECOVERED The London & Petrolia pee, Barrel Co., Limited FISH WASTE LONDON, Ontario by Hardwood Mackerel Barrels Eeneet Score & Companys and Half Barrels NEW METH OD TENDON BARNES reek ther descaton |] |] Eliminates pressing and drying in perfect condition. , yet retains full values BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. of products © withackee. PROCESS ENGINEERS WELSFORD 1. WATT McGill Bld’g HALIFAX, N.S. Montreal - - Canada The Ranney Fish Co. a" Cleveland, - Ohio. Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less WHOLESALE ‘PRODUCERS IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN heh oo. | BUFFALO, bo 2 | F.H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s A i Solicited pe The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN SHIPMATE RANGES Smallest Size Largest Size Body 18? inches long No limit to length “Lay back and get your muscles up for ghosting through the Doldrums!”’ m So they sang on the windjammers when they came up . with the calm latitudes. But hauling yards around and sweating sheets and halliards gave them rare appetites and there was no “‘starvation and ease” on the hooker that sported a SHIPMATE in her galley. Now, as then, the SHIPMATE still plays its part in turning out meals for hungry sailormen. Made by THE STAMFORD FOUNDRY COMPANY Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN. Agencies in Canada F. H. Hopkins & Co. - - Lipsett Cunningham & Co., Ltd., - Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Company, 798 Beatty Street Vancouver, B.C. - Montreal, Que. February, 1920. Y | Ms “lt, “Sl NY A Alf (=F ay Se 7 La <==, {=F £ = TA f= ss LA Separated Milk Powder. Gives the Milk Flavor to Cooked Foods Use Klim anytime, any where— dissolve in fresh water. The dry powder mixes easily and quickly making natural-flavor- ed liquid separated milk that is as satisfactory for cooking as milk fresh from the separator. Klim is easy to store—always fresh and sweet —costs less—economical. Order from your supply house. Canadian Milk Products Limited TORONTO ) WINNIPEG MONTREAL ST. JOHN , + < . -_ as | PhD aD Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. TH WANNENWETSC TEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. U. S.A. FISH BRAND THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON |\LONG COATS ’ and SLICKERS FISHERMEN PROTECT YOURSELVES! Dont run the risks of ruining your health and imparing your ability to wo: k by failing to protect your body against cold and wet. Get a Tower Brand Long Coat or Slicker, and know what it means to be warm and dry. Vine dood AOAEEAIE SS These coats will stand hard wear and rough usage. The shoulders and sleeves are double, the body lined half way down. Made ot heavy material and finished with corduroy collar. wise fisherman who values his health should have e coats. Sold by your dealer. RA TOWER CANADIAN LIMITED Halifax Toronto. Vancouver. Ev of aa Coast to Coast Service. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Since 1847, Nothing But QUALITY From the very beginning, 72 years ago, we were firm in the opinion that if @ quality was right, the business would come. It did. The demand has in creased steadily every year, till to- day the @ is the World’s Largest Line of MARINE HARDWARE Fishermen in all U. S. and Canadian waters buy @f supplies naturally; they know from experience that each plece is built to stand hard, stubborn use and does it, You can get the line from all Canadian dealers. Try it; It Pays to Buy Our Kind WILCOX, CRITTENDEN & Co. Inc., 22 S. Main St., Middletown, $0 Conn, U.S.A. wl 2 WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT: ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Log for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al an A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the leading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers, THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. DRIED SQUID ___ Used largely by the Orientals, Samples and Quotations gladly sent. The Nfld. Fishery Products Export Co. 340 Water St. Box 1127, St. John’s Nfld. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CoO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. - N.Y., U.S, | SEABOARD TRADING COMPANY. CANNED AND SALT FISH IMPORT AND EXPORT 12 WATER ST: - NEW YORK. OQODES: L.ieber’s Improved A BC 5th Improved J. K. Armsby’s CABLE ADDRESS: EATRADE NEW YORK, 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. W. Irving Atwood, Prest. N. D. Freeman, Treas. W. Elmer irving & yee od, Atwood, Vice-Prest. Sec’y and Mgr. ALL WACH USETE VARIETIES BRAND OF THE FINNAN HADD E SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass. NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS sank? cons Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of ‘‘Fisheries of Alaska,” ‘Fisheries of Hawaii,” “Pacific Salmon Fisheries,’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,” ‘‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,’ ‘“The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,”’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited practically every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fisherman, and now is Bicector of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are not utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper . Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden Meena. 2 Mullet ellowta Pikes Ete., Etc. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. mare x" BURNOIL ENGINES— gals. hr = Operate Perfectly on Cheap Fuel Oils “ NO carburetor, batteries or magneto. ‘ pre-heating, blow torch, or hot surface. Simple, economical, sturdy. This engine can be run in- definitely at low speed, and then immediately speeded up to maximum power. Just the type needed for fishermen where con- tinuous and severe service is essential. Starts instantly, Representatives in Eastern Canada. PYKE MOTOR & YACHT CO., 371 St. James St., MONTREAL, CANADA, BURNOIL ENGINE COMPANY 1103 High St., South Bend, Ind., U.S.A. Pe. ws ~ a a ie aa cad Ro February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 17 O.MUSTAD &SON Musfad Cod. Manufacturers Hooks of all kinds LrFish Hooks Bie (snedstymade RINE IPE inned oF CHRISTIANIA ORS fhis market a Fishermen Pe consider fhem 1k : the Best Hooks Fishermen like the Ss tha septal fodes: Made by: a i ee MUSTADHOOK OMusfad sSon ists on account of their The Largest Manufacturers Perfect Shape, Temper and Finish of Fish Hooks inthe World Esfabl. 1832. Send for New Catalog show- ing Complete Details. Clift Trolling Engines Clift Trolling Engines are the standard engines for small fishing and work boats. Hundreds of these engines are giving dependable service in all parts of the world, which proves the superiority of Clift design and work- manship. The four cycle, valve in head construction makes for greater power and endurance at lowest possible operating cost. Clift Engines are built complete in the Clift factory and offer the greatest value, dollar for dollar, of any engine on the market. The equipment is com- plete and of the best quality—all water piping and propeller equipment is of brass. Trolling Engines are made in the following sizes: 4H.P. Single Cyl. 3}x 4} 7 H.P. Single Cyl. 5” x 6’ S$ H.P. Double Cyl. 33} x 4} 15 H.P. Double Cyl. 5” x7" We can make Immediate Delivery CLIFT MOTOR CO. Designers and Manufacturers 7 ELP. 4 Cycle Valve in Bellingham, Washington, U. S. A. Head Trolling Engine 190 to 650 R.PM Live Agents Wanted In All Territories 18 GANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. Fishermen’s Supplies Knox’s and Barbour’s Linen Gilling Nets - Gilling Twines Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets Pound Nets Hoop Nets Dip Nets Drag Seines Minnow Seines Trammel Nets Hooks ehh ee pe | Needles — Maitre Cord + 4 aa Sails and Seine — P ae Twine J s Lamps Cedar Floats 4 : Anche Split Leads ( fe eae el ae . Fishing Rope iL if me (Special lay) es iP) JOHN LECKTE LIMITED & sin fg is meer ASS 4 . ae Net Dip Oilclothing : Marine Cutch for Hardware Tanning ~h of all kinds WRITE FOR PRICE LISTS John Leckie Limited LEGKIE BUILDING - - TORONTO CANADIAN FISHERMAN ~~ tua! 5X ie | = CT WN fii Se HK Gn ely ey, %~ WW AS rae SP ee Ih} os . trina i x RY ~ So alee lal q 1100 SL a H in” A f joe Ox 2 = p ous a8 @ | » UAV UVUE ESTERS RR SCAT | \\ “CANNED — _[if- SMOKED —FisH_f SALMON A, B HERRING ‘P | ‘ ” cy WAS UWRS RR CmacaRemseiEsi/t) | —_—_ —-- ig t { CANNED ~' THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry. SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. .. .- «+ «se es we > $1.00 United States and Blsewhere .. .. 26 20 0s ce te ts te te oe te ee we oe) =6BR8O payable in advance Published on the 24th of each month. gee of advertisements should be in the publisher's hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION SS 55 2 SX as O05 Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. , DSS ae z : = We vai sem cca na ——<— H. W. Thompson, Western . Manager Telephone, Uptown 7778. VANCOUVER OFFICE: Cc. P. a4 Fis. cor, King F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Manager Telephone, Ad ade trs 9210 5607 Board of Trade Bldg. The Industrial & Educational Press, Limited ; J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS . - . Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. CANADIAN FISHERMAN FAIRBANKS - MORSE MARINE OIL ENGINES 30—200 H.P.—Operates economically on | LOW PRICED FUEL OILS | Medium Compression, Simplicity of Mechanism, Highest Standard of Construction, Positive Vari- able Speed Control, Specially Designed Reverse Gears, Low Fuel Cost, Low Maintenance Cost. Strength, Durability, Workmanship and Service all Guaranteed by Fairbanks-Morse Quality ] The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., Limited | “Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods”’ DEPARTMENTS. SALES OFFICES Scale, Valve, Auto Accessory, Engine, Pump, , }, \ Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Electrical, Machinery, Transmission, Rail- 3) | Toronto, Hamilton, Windsor, Winnipeg, way and Contractors, Machine Shop Supply, a Saskatoon, Calgary, Vancouver, Marvel Mill, Pulp and Paper. Victoria. ig, ee CANADIAN FISHERMAN 27 LAKE ERIE FISHERMEN’S CONVENTION NUMBER FEBRUARY, 1920. | FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE ; Editor Annual Convention—Lake Enie Fishermen’s Association - The annual convention and get-together of the Lake Erie fishermen has come and gone and, like its four predecessors, it will leave its impress on the fishing _ industry of Ontario. A lusty youngster of five years of age, the Lake Erie Fishermen’s Association is develop- ing every year, and it has never been averse to asking _ for what it wanted. It wants several things this year and it is going to see that it gets them if plain talking will procure it. The sturdy men of brawn from the fishing ports on the south shore of the lake are fully alive to their own interests and to the interests of the _ Canadian fishing industry as a whole. Organization has already done much to improve conditions under which they operate but there are reforms yet to be 3 ‘secured and the Lake Erie Fishermen's Association are _ going after them. This year they are going to ask the Government for fairer treatment in respect to the high licenses exacted for fishing privileges on the south ‘shore and will point out that there is too great a dis- erepaney between the $250 license per tug for the Can- adian fishermen and the $75 per tug which allows the American fishermen to fish along the shores of three states across the border. They will also point ont that ‘even with this high license rate they are over a dollar ‘a ton removed from their biggest market in the States. Pressure will also be brought to bear upon the Govern- “ment with a view to the abolition of Government eon- trol. With the war over and the necd for supplying food to the Canadian army in the field having ceased to exist, the Association contends that the Ontario Goy- “ernment should go out of the fish business and allow fishermen a free hand to develop their own busi- ess. ‘These and other matters affecting the welfare of fishermen of Lake Erie and the Great Lakes gen- erally were threshed out at a very successful conven- tion and of great interest to the people of Ontario gen- erally was the decision to hold a big regatta at Port Stanley on July Ist and 2nd this year under the aus- pices of the Association. Even fisher folk can get ill and the attendance at the convention this year was somewhat smaller as a conse- quenee of the prevailing epidemic which reached the health-giving shores of Lake Erie. It also kept several of the speakers and some of the inland wholesalers away. Nevertheless there was 4 good-sized get-together and under the eapable chairmanship of A, 8. Brown of Kingsville, the past and re-elected president of the Association, some very profitable sessions were held. The Grand Central Hotel in St. Thomas was the head- quarters and here the veterans of the industry on Lake Erie met socially and in a business way. The gather- ing was a happy reunion of a substantial body of men who are-engaged in developing one of Canada’s great resourees and whether gil-net men or pound-net men they were all out, not only for a good time, which they had, but for the best interests of the industry they re- presented. The convention covered two days, the 11th and 12th, while the executive committee were in session on the 10th preparing the business for the regular sessions which were held in the council chamber of the city hall. The social side of the gathering was featured in a merry-inaking reunion in the hotel parlor on Wednes- day night and other side-shows were staged in other rooms. The business sessions were concluded at. 4.30 o'clock on Thursday afternoon and the delegates were soon homeward bound for their various ports with memories of a very profitable and enjoyable outing. 28 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Opening Session President A. 8S. Brown opened the first regular busi- ness session of the convention on Wednesday afternoon and in extending a welcome to the delegates, referred to a criticism that had been heard that all the business or the organization had been cut and dried in the ses- sions of the executive committee. all the business transacted by the committee came be- -fore the convention in open session and he hoped that "every man would take the opportunity for the fullest and frankest discussion. It was not the desire of the committee to railroad any proposition through, and he proposed that there should be free discussion on any resolution that came up. Welcome by Mr. McVicar, M.P.P. In extending a hearty welcome to the convention, Maleolm MeVicar, M.P.P. for East Elgin, said that he had come to the convention with the idea of gathering knowledge and not to impart it. It was not within his province to tell fishermen how to eatch fish, but as a os ry MALCOLM McVICAR, M.P.P., for East Elgin One of the Speakers at the Convention. member of the Legislature he was desirous of securing information in order that he might urge upon the Leg- islature that the fishing industry of Canada must be fairly and squarely dealt by both in the interests of the fishermen and of the public at large. What was good for the fishermen must also be good for the general public at large. What was good for the fishermen must also be good for the general public which con- sumed the fish. It had always been a question to him as to why there were not more Government hatcheries and he could not understand why a hatchery had not been successfully operated at Port Stanley. He could not see why it was not possible to operate fish hatcher- ies at any of the ports on the Great Lakes. He pointed out that most activities were now operating on a co-op- erative basis and he urged the same for the fishing in- dustry with a view to broadening the vision of those in the industry on all matters connected with their in- He pointed out that_ February, 1920. terests. In this way would the greatest good be accom- plished while those engaged in the business would like- wise be broadened and developed. President Brown assured Mr. MecVicar that the Asso- ciation was only too willing and anxious to co-operate with the new provincial government and give all assist- ance possible in solving the various problems. Good Work of Government Hatcheries. Intensely interesting was the address given by J. A. Rodd, Dominion Superintendent of Hatcheries, Ottawa, who daalt with the activities of his department, and ex- plained the wide scope of the work that was being done with a view to propagating the Canadian fisheires. Mr. Rodd said: Canada’s wonderfully rich fisheries have always had a most important influence on her past history © ioe hold a most important place in her present day fe. Some historians maintain that the first Europeans to cross the Atlantic were Norse Fishermen who vis- ited our shores about 800 years ago, or some 400 years before the voyages of Columbus, and it is well known. that over 400 years have elapsed since the Basques and Beltons first resorted to our eastern shores for fishing. When Sebastian Cabot discovered the coast of Labrador in 1497 he found the generie name, ‘‘Bacallaos,’’ which means cod in the language of the Basques and from the following year, 1492, the Eng- lish continuously operated the fisheries on our At- lantic coast. These fisheries were also prosecuted extensively by other European countries, and par- ticularly by the French and Portuguese. Thus the first and chief result of the discovery of America was the establishment of a great fishery, and it is stated hy the English statesman, DeWitt that ‘‘the navy of England became formidable by the discovery of the inexpressibly rich fishing banks of Newfoundland.’’ It was the prosecution of these fisheries that lead to the first settlement and the eventual colonization of the North America continent. It is recorded that when the Puritans sent their agents to King James to obtain his consent to their going to America, the King asked ‘‘What profit might arise.’’ They ans- wered in on single word ‘‘fishing.’? The King ans- wered ‘‘so God have my soul ’tis an honest trade, t’was the apostles own ecalling,’’ and he gave them his leave to go. As a result of the rich fishing avail- able quite a number of permanent fishing settlements were established early in 1700. As the first settlement and colonization of Canada was due to her wonderfully rich fisheries, so also were due most of the wars between the early colonists and in later days many of Canada’s international questions. Nearly all the conflicts that took place between the English colonists, of the New England States, and the French colonists of what are now the Canadian provinees were directly due to or ineluded disputes eonnectd with the fisheries. As her fisheries were responsible for Canada’s dis- covery, colonization and some of her troubles, they are also responsible in a large measure for her devel- opment and her prosperity. Statisties of the Cana- dian fishing industry for 1917 are—persons engaged 95,122, fishery products value $52,312,000, capital invested 47,143,000, exports value $28,825,000, The statistics for the whole vear are not yet compiled, but uffic figures are available to show that the value the fisheries for 1918 will exceed that for 1917. Fisheries Branch, with Superintendents of ‘isheries for Lower and Upper Canada, was establish- _ #d in 1858. Some of the activities of the present Fish- _ eries Branch, now attached to the Department of the Naval Service during the past year were :— 1. Unanimous findings and a joint report to the Tespective Governments by the International Com- mission on the following important fishery questions between Canada and the United States — _ (a) Privileges to the fishing vessels of either eoun- in the ports of the other. (b)- Rehabilitation and protection of the sock- eye salmon fishery of the Fraser River system. ) Protection of the Pacific halibut fishery. _(d) Fishing by United States wellsmacks off Can - adian coasts. | ; ) Protection of the fisheries of Lake Champlain. _ Requirements imposed on Canadian fishing els passing through territorial waters of Alaska. g) Protection of the sturgeon fisheries. (h) Proteetion of whales. Fur seal fishery. ; pies Canada’s net revenue for the sale of skins in 1918, the treaty of 1911, will be in the neighborhood quarter of~a million dollars. _ Campaign for the greater protection of the lob- ster fisheries which included a conference at Halifax which all those dircetly interested in the lobster industry were represented, Transportation of fresh fish. 5. Biological research. : Fish ng . Oyster culture. 8. Fisheries patrol. ° 9. Drift net fishing operations with a view to not- the movements of the herring and mackerel ols off the Atlantic coast. 10. Fish inspection. . Instruction in fish curing and packing. 2. Bait reporting: service. mm, the proposed activities for the coming sea- son is a more extensive patrol service for Lake Erie. \ delegation from this Association waited on the De- partment in February 1917, and asked that the Vig- Tank be replaced by two, and, if possible, three small ~ boats of the type of the Lake Erie fishing tug. The war made this request, for reasons that were explain- ed to the delegation, quite impossible at that time, but aS soon as conditions permitted after the expiration the war tenders were invited for three boats. These nders are now in the Department, and will be dealt th almost immediately. ie Fisheries Branch has done and is doing a great for the fishermen and fishing industry of Cana- but there still remains a great deal to do. The recent addition to the Department is the divi- of Publicity and Fish Marketing, the Offieer in rge of which is here present. The Department er developments under consideration, buat new developments as well as established ser- ean only obtain their objects with the fullest tion of all interested. mis srstand that there was some discussion at nvention last year regarding the payment by sral Department of a fishing bounty to cer- nen on the Atlantie coast, and the payment ¢ Department of one-third of the express CANADIAN FISHERMAN they could otherwise obtain. a” charges on less than 1 ear load shipments of fresh fish from the Atlantic to Montreal and Toronto, and from the Pacifie to Winnipeg. With regard to the fishing bounty I will go back to the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 between Canada and the United States, under which, amongst other things fish and fish products of either country were ad- mitted in to the other free of duty, and United States fishermen were allowed to fish in Canadian territor- lal waters off the Atlantic coast excepting in rivers and mouths of ereeks, and for shell fish, and Cana- dian fishermen were allowed the same privileges on the Atlantie coast of the United States north of the 36th parallel, but these last mentioned were never ) used. This treaty was terminated in 1866, but its fishery provisions were revived by the Treaty of Washington of 1871, which also provided for the ap- pointment of a Commission to determine the amount of compensation that should be paid by the United States to Great Britain as the difference in the value of fishery concessions granted to United States fish- ermen in Canadian waters over those granted to our fishermen in United States waters. The Commission awarded Great Britain $5,500,000, of which $1,000,- 000 was apportioned to Newfoundland. A sum equiv- alent to the interest on the Canadian portion of the award at about 344% is appropriated annually, and paid to fishermen and vessels on the Atlantic coast The initial object was to encourage the development of the off-shore fishery. The bounty is paid to those “ho suffered from the competition of United States fishermen, and to them alone. Owing to the large number of fishermen entitled to receive it, and the limited amonnt of the bounty, the net result is that each boat fisherman receives about $3.50, and each fisherman about $6.25 annually. Regarding assistance in transporting sea fish to the large inland centres, in 1908 the Department under- took responsibility for the payment of one-third of © the express charges on less than ear load shipments from the Pacific to the Quebec, and Ontario, and from the Pacifie to the Prairie Provinces. When — this serviee was undertaken shipments of fresh. mildly — cured, and fresh frozen fish from the Atlantie coast was so small that the railways did not find it feasible to place refrigerator cars even to be hanled by freight, at the disposal of the dealers. There were no refrigerator express ears for fish, and the rates for the ordinary express cars were so high as to preclude the possibility of rapidly expanding the demand in the large centres of consumption. With the assist- ance that has been given, however, this trade has ex- panded in a most encouraging manner. The trans- portation facilities have improved. The quantity of fish handled has inereased to such an extent that the business is now on a sound basis, and the aid above referred to, viz., one-third of the express charges on L. C. L. shipments, was discontinued in August of last year. This aid started dnd built up a most important trade with inland centres, and furnished the citizens with a wholesome, nourishing and cheaper food than Tt did not detrimen- tally affeet the lake fishermen, as they have a suf- ficient and high priced trade for more than they produce. It found a market for a large quantity. of wholesome and nourishing food that was not being utilized, and in a large measure was going to waste, * tion. 30 This aid was only given to shipments from the’ coast . to the inland centres. It did not apply to shipments between points in the Maritime Provinces or between points in the Prairie and Inland Provinces. THE GOSPEL OF PUBLICITY. Following Mr. Rodd’s address, another member of the Fisheries Branch of the Federal Government, J. H. ‘Conlon, who has charge of the publicity propaganda un- der Mr. Rodd gave a description of the work being undertaken in the development of the home market for fish, through a vigorous publicity campaign. He said that he did not come to the convention with the expec- tation or the intention of making any remarks, but rather to be a listener. As he had been requested by the secretary to explain the work of the new division of the Federal Fisheries Branch, of which he is head, Mr. Conlon felt the time might be well employed in tell- ing the functions of the publicity and marketing sec- Its efforts, he said, may be embraced under three headings—publicity, marketing and transportation. Regarding publicity, the aim is to educate, the people of Canada to appreciate the value of fish as a food, both from the standpoint of economy and the proportion of nutriment derived. During the first half of 1919 a very liberal estimate of the per capita consumption of fish in Canada places it at twenty-three to twenty-five pounds. In the United States for the same period the per. capita consumption is figured at nineteen pounds, while in the United Kingdom in 1918 it reached fifty- eight pounds. So it will be seen Canada is not a fish consuming country to any degree compatable with her status as a fish producing country. ‘‘In my opinion, ‘said the speaker, ‘‘there should be united effort to in- crease local consumption. Our slogan should be—fifty pounds per capita. Figuring on the basis of 7.000,000 population, which is extremely conservative. this will mean an increased consumption of 175,000,000 pounds. You can see for yourselves what opportunity presents itself to you. Now is the time to capture the market, when meat is scarce, and all other foods are high. The fresh water fishermen, I believe, should use every cf- fort to take their proportion of the trade.’’ As to the foreign markets, Mr. Conlon continued, there are tremendous possibilities, which, due to wn- stable exchange conditions and general chaos, cannot be systematically developed just now. It should not be as- sumed, however, that it is intimated that efforts in the external markets should be dropped. On the contrary energy should be exerted to drive the wedge now to he sent to its limit when times. brighten. “As far as I can judge, the chief concern of the Erie men is at present not a matter of markets, but rather regarding transportation. I hope to get a chance to confer with those of you who believe they are handi- capped my insufficient accommodation, It is of in- terest to the industry as a whole that your produet should reach its markets in the best possible condition, anything which militates against this must be rumor- ed or relieved as fully as possible. I appreciate the fact that one hundred per cent of the difficulties you meet with cannot be connected, but a large proportion may be.”’ In endeavoring to create broader markets the speaker said, co-operation must be obtained all along the line from the producer to the retail store. If a man ean be prevailed upon through publicity to sample an article, CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. the trick is done—if the Sas back up the representa: on re tions that have been made. “My work, while for the industry aebnerdy: works to your advantage directly, and I feel assured of your support. ’’ At the conclusion of Mr, Conlan’s address, N. 8. Cor- nell, of Port ‘Stanley, said that he did not want the im- pression to get abroad that the Lake Erie fishermen had little interest in furnishing fish to local consumers. This assumption had no basis in fact. Mr. Cornell de- clared that the Lake Erie fishermen had gone out of their way to supply fish to the Canadian consumer and lack of interest in this matter was not a charge that could be justly brought against them. In this connection it was pointed out by Mr. Rodd that not more than two per eent of the product of Lake Erie was marketed in Canada, the chief market being across the line and when Mr. Cornell referred to the feeling in some quarters that it was impossible to get Canadian caught fish, an impression that was ag- gravated by the Ontario Government ‘‘sticking its nose into our business,’’ Mr. Rodd replied that the feeling that it was impossible to get Canadian fish was not peculiar to Ontario. It was a general condition and the Lake Erie fishermen were not to blame for it. sell your product in the best market and you are not to blame for that. Rodd. PROPAGATING THE FISH. Bert Wescott of Kingsville, spoke briefly, and in the course of his remarks declared that unless the fisher- men took greater care as to the preservation of the her-. ring spawn and sent the eggs to the hatcheries, Lake Erie would soon be so depleted of herring as to make ~ it hardly worth while remaining in the fish-catehing business. The chief diffienlty, he said, was not so much the quantity of the spawn sent to the hatcheries but with the quality. He pointed ont that last fall 482 jars of herring spawn ‘had been received and of these but 70 jars now remain. It would appear as if the fishermen should get together and devise some means by which the spawn can be secured. spawn now being received was either not properly fer- tilized, or killed. Ten jars of live eggs was much bet- ter than a whole hatchery of dead ones. Mr. Wescott — was of the opinion that we have too many hatcheries at the present time, with not “ough eggs to profivably operate them. In the opinion, of President Brown it was a shame to take the eggs and not properly fertilize them. He mentioned eases where eggs come in, in a frozen eon- dition and strongly condemned the practice of send- ing the eggs to the hatcheries and have the depart- ment go to the expense of looking after them, only in the end to have the eggs destroyed. In urging — more cooperation between the fishermen and _ the hatcheries Mr. Brown pointed out that many of the receptacles for shipping the spawn to the hatcheries had not been received last season until after the bet- ter part of the spawning season had passed. This could be remedied by more expedition in delivering the receptacles earlier when the fishermen would be in u position to take eare of the spawn and see that they — were got to the hatcheries. In the opinion of N. 8. Cornell, the poor quality of the eggs was largely due to the poor season last year Storms had seriously affeeted the eggs and handi- ~ “You. It is a condition of trade,’’ said Mr. Much of the ‘ * s ‘ 4 y; =f A % . coh ete i 7 eee oe a ee A eae c——— a ae oi CANADIAN ‘fishermen ‘in taking the spawn. In de-’ ey. could in the matter, realizing that the e their farms and had to be looked after and t. Robinson of Port Dover questioned whéther the fishermen were doing all they could and d that it was up to the fishermen to see to it the run of fish was on they got the spawn. s now it appeared as if the fishermen were too much to luck. The preserving of the esulted in a benefit to the fishermen and to the well. It did not matter how many recept- : department sent out if the eggs were not fertilized. In view of the fact that the fish- id be the first to reap the reward, he sug- t at each port make it a rule that one tug d to lift forty nets each day and take the to Kingsville. In numerous instances the fish iot taken from the nets four nights out in the with the result that the receptacles were filled eggs not fit to be sent to the hatcheries. He id that the herring in Lake Erie were get- fishermen, not with the Government, to take re of the run of fish and get the eggs when noted in another column in this teport, where ‘resolutions are printed in full, several matters, d to improve the fishing industry will be upon the Government. In regard to the heavy handicap Secretary Short said that the licens- from the Lake Erie. fishermen were the in the world and he thought this should be re- more in accordance with the rates charged on side of the lake. Mr. Barwell’s Protests. 5. W. Barwell of Port Dover declared that the del- were bound to profit through a frank and open ion of these matters and he was pleased at the of the ident and executive committee in i these questions before the meeting. It had annual banquet scheduled for Thursday night advanced a night and was held at the Grand Cen- Hotel on Wednesday evening between 7 and 9 Practically all of the delegates sat down l prepared chicken dinner, following which President A. E. Ponsford, of St. Thomas r over a brief toast list. Owing to the illus- d lecture billed for the city hall at 9 o'clock, the s were limited to five minutes each. They ht and cheery efforts and for an hour there . flow of soul. Mr. Ponsford referred to tion with the Association re% the plesea to again preside over a gathering o e oat He had heard some talk of the As- ‘abandoning its individuality and declared nst such action. In his opinion the or- of the Association had been the best pos- for the promotion of the interests of n and he hoped it would continue to use for the welfare of the men on the shore nd the fishing industry generally. Tt ‘the fishermen he said that they were doing — FISHERMAN 31 been felt in the past that both the pound net and the gill net fishermen had grievances and now was the time to consider their bearing on the fishing industry in Lake Erie. It was up to the fishermen to do their part in combatting the unrest that had settled over the country and in his opinion the solution was in greater production. If the Government was sincere they should now be willing to remedy the existing grievances and to assist the fishermen in their efforts towards greater production. Mr. Barwell contended that the whole system of control by the Ontario Gov- ernment was working an injury to the fish industry of the province and while the fishermen were willing to submit to it while it was necessary to produce more fish for home consumption, in order that beef and bacon might be sent to the Canadian troops at the front, there was no need for the Government to re- main any longer in the fish business. No other lines of industry had been singled out for control as the fish industry had been. On the subject of the big disparity between the licenses paid by the Canadian fishermen on the south - shore of the lake and those paid by the Americans across the lake, Mr. Barwell pointed out that some tugs on the Canadian side had to pay as high as a thousand dollars for their license. The regular rate at the present time was $250, while the American fish- ermen on the lake got their licenses for $25 and this entitled them to fish along the shores of three states. while they pay $10 a net over there, $50 was charged on this side. Coal cost $1.50 a ton more, twine for the nets was high, the price of labor is increasing and the Americans are at least a dollar a hundred nearer the fish market than the Lake Erie fishermen. These conditions were anything but encouraging to the Canadian fishermen and he hoped that everything possible would be done in order to bring such mat- ters before the Government. President Brown declared that the fishermen of Lake Erie paid more to the Government than all the other fishermen of the Great Lakes combined, amounting to $45.000 or $50.090 annually. No fish- ermen in the world were asked to pay a higher license than that exacted from the Lake Erie fishermen. The Banquet -was through such organizations that the department could work to advantage. Mayor Brinkman, who was received with applause said he had hoped as chief magistrate to have had the privilege of weleoming the association and had at- tended at 10 o’elock for that purpose. Unfortunately he understood that differences of opinion in the exe- cutive had delayed the session until his other engage- ‘ments had supervened, but he knew that the city sol- _icitor had done the honors and extended to them the freedom of the city. Continuing, the mayor urged the association to work together and co-operate for »the benefit of all. It would be the biggest possible -mistake to divide. United they must stand. So far as the city of St. Thomas was concerned, he could as- sure them that it was ready at any time to assist in furthering the fishing industry. A. A. Ingram, barrister, St. Thomas, remarked that having been associated with the organization from the beginning, he naturally retained special interest in it and regretted that there should be any desire 32 CANADIAN FISHERMAN / Thomas, Ont. BRINKMAN of St. One of the Speakers at the Banquet. MAYOR. to break it up. The keyword should be co-operation —all working together for joint benefit. The mem- bers should think well before anything is done, and if there were wrongs or grievances bring them up and have them remedied. As an association they would get far more consideration, and it would be a great pity of after five years, it should fail of its purpose. Malcolm MeVicar, M.L.A., expressed his pleasure at being privileged to attend and also strongly urged i February, 1920. ; co-operation and keeping together. If they would | only keep cool heads and study why they should not assemble for the twenty-fifth as well as the fifth an-— niversary. d Ex-Mayor Horton, who was introduced by the chairman as the silver tongued orator of St. Thomas agreed with Mayor Brinkman that the city would al- ways be ready to aid the fishermen. He had been sorry to hear talk of dissension and it could not be expected that agreement would always be found. But the differences should be ‘ironed out, and he coun- — selled co-operation as the keynote. Get close togeth- — er and stay together and etxend the organization to : cover the province. ae a The president, A. S. Brown of Kingsville, briefly thanked Mayor Brinkman for his friendly remarks. — Reeve Cornell, Port Stanley, made the important — announcement that the fishermen proposd to hold © a regatta on the lake next summer and as a prelimin- — ary had appointed the honorary vice-president and — chairman, A. E. Ponsford, as ‘‘Admiral’’ of the fleet. Mr. Ponsford had given his services for over four — years as well as expressions of good-will towards the association. RS The Denizens of the Deep Following the banquet the delegates adjourned to — the council chamber of the city hall, where they lis- — tened to an instructive lecture on ‘‘Life under wat- er,’’ by Dr. A. G. Huntsman, professor of Biology — in the University of Toronto. The lecture was ex- tremely interesting, disclosing as it did, the habits — of the fish in their native haunts and a series of ex- cellent slides served to illustrate and illuminate a ~ very instructive talk. In the course of his lecture Dr. Huntsman said: Life Under Water To live under water is a very different thing from living in the air. We are so accustomed to the enjoy- ment of bathing in our lakes and rivers or at the sea- shore, and even of taking a more or less long dives beneath the surface, that we often fail to remember the fatal consequences—drowning—when we seek to permanently invade the other world that lies beneath an often smooth and glassy surface, and into which we ean peer but a short distance at best. Those who have studied the question tell us that water is the ancient mother of the life on this globe, that in it life first ap- peared, and that from it came the forms that gradually became adapted to the far different conditions on land or in the air. The sea with its salt water is the original home of all aquatic creatures and many groups are still unable to send any representatives into the dilute fresh water. Consequently the shallow water that borders our great oceans shows a wealth of organisms of the most varied form and colour such as our inland lakes can never hope to rival. The principal denizens of the ocean, the fishes, are, however, well represented in our fresh wa ters. So characteristic and well known are they that one things invariable of fish in connection with waters of any sort. They are eminently adapted for the life they lead and are so out of place in any other environ ment that it is an oft used expression—‘to behave like a fish out of water. But what is their life like? We sometimes speak of ‘‘leading the life of a dog.’? What — would it be to lead the life of a fish? Let no one im-— agine that we ean very successfully answer this ques- — tion. The life of our closest friend, in spite of daily — associations, remains hidden beneath an almost impen- | etrable veil, which in imagination we sometimes believe we can draw aside. How immensely diffieult, to im- — agine what being a fish can be like! Water differs very much from air. It buovs the liv- ing things up in itself so that the animals do not re- — quire the support of strong legs, and the plants do not — need stout stems to hold up and display their foliage. — Its movements do not have the impetuosities of those — of air, and atmospheric storms trouble only its upper- — most layers. The extremes of summer and winter are — greatly ameliorated when we get shelter behind the — slowly heated, slowly cooled mass of the water. The — clare of the noonday sun does not penetrate far be-— neath its glassy surface for the rays of various colours — are stopped one after the other and only the blue gets — to any considerable depth. . Do fishes sleep, They have so many enemies and — are so continnously on the alert whether moving or sta- — tionary that on first thought one wonld be inclined to CANADIAN _It has been found, however, that with certain ? ‘activity begins about one hour before sunrise and ends about one hour after sunset, which indicates _¢ertain amount of rest at least during the night, al- asleep, that is unconscious. On a number of occasions fishes have been observed floating at the surface of the water either on their sides or upside down. As their changes in light or slight disturbances in the water, t did come to life very suddenly and swim vigour- - ously away when they were rudely disturbed it has been _ concluded that they were really asleep. The common -eatfish or bull-head has been observed to do this while ) kept i in an aquarium. In some cases at least this sleep is observed only in the summer and at midday when the sun is hottest, These fish, like some people, made so drowsy by the warmth that they take an after-dinner nap or siesta. When the fish dies or ceases to balance itself with its fins, it usually turns side or belly up, for its centre of gravity is high up. Some spend so much of their time in this floating posi- tion (asleep?) with the belly up, that the latter is dark- er than the back, reversing the usual condition. Nev- ertheless, if disturbed, these same fishes turn right side -and swim away quickly. Among the most interesting questions which we would like to have answered concerning these animals. » such as have to do with the senses. Do they feel? Have they pain? How well can they see? Can they hear? Do they taste their food? Can they smell things? It is possible to answer these questions par- tially at least and for some fishes. - Most. fishes do not appear to be very sensitive, if ne may judge from the manner in which they take bait ortly after having been badly injured by a baited sole It has been shown however, that if there is some distinguishing mark above the hook they -will soon Tearn not to take the bait which conceals a hook. So far as momentary reactions are concerned, fish are quite sensitive and are usually driven away with great ease. They are sensitive to touch over most. of the sur- face, although some parts have been proved to be more sensitive than others. - How do they find their food? That varies with the fish. As you know, some snap at any bright thing, and may be taken with the spoon of a troll, as for eaxmple . bass, pike, ete. It is evidently sight that guides them ,and the object must be moving to attraet. When they have taken the object into the mouth, they may be to spit it out if it is not appropriate as food. This very clearly shows that they can taste. Taste cannot readily be distinguished from the sensations we - generally from the skin. We can make the distince- _ tion ourselves, -but we can not be sure how it seems to the fish. It has been found that a dogfish is sensitive over the entire surface of the body to acid, salt and bit- _ ter things, but not to sweet things. Whether they af- feet it as they do us or not we cannot know. Smelling is very similar to tasting. It differs in that with us the substance smelt must give off something volatile that reaches our nostrils through the air. As fishes live in water they must smell if at all in a differ- | manner. They have nostrils, but ee are not con- the throat and usually have little or no re- 2h In three different fishes that have oertigatet rather thoroughly, it has been found lie re that they never take such complete rest as sleep - FISHERMAN 33 that in one, a dog-fish, in breathing the water is drawn through the nostrils, which are connected with the lips; in another the breathing movements work the nostrils so that water is alternately taken in and driven out of them; and in a third, the common e¢atfish, the cavities of the nostrils, of which there is a paid on each side con- nected by the cavity, are lined by fine hairs, which are constantly in motion, and drive a current of water in the front nostril, through the cavity, and out the back nostril. It was found that in the dogfish and in the catfish the food was discovered by means of the nostrils alone, for if the nerves going to the nostrils were cut, if the nostrils were plugged with cotton or if they were stitched up so that the water would not go through, the fishes failed to find their food. Evidently they were able to detect their food at some distance by means of their nostrils and this should be called smelling. Fishes may be led to their food from long distances if we may judge from the results of experiments that have been made. The dogfish is affected by food when two or three feet away from it, whereas it was found to see objects only when they were not more distant than one foot. It was found that on plugging its left nostril it turned to the right when near food, and on plugging the right one, it turned to the left. How this may lead the dogfish to its food can be understood by considering that a stream of particles is coming from the food. The dogfish turns to the right if not smelling as much on the left and vice versa. It is only when the stimula- tion is equal on the two sides that it will tend to keep - a straight course, and such a course would lead it to- ward the food. + We may at this point mention the fact that in general darkness a bright light from one quarter acts as an attraction to most fishes and the effect is produced through the two eyes in the same way as we have de- seribed for smelling. Only when both eyes receive the same amount of light, that is when the fish is headed toward the source of the light, does the fish keep. a straight course. Other conditions may act in the same way to determine the movements of fishes. Lack of oxygen repels them while plenty of oxygen attracts them. This fact has been used to explain the spawning movements or migrations of many fishes. Hydrogen_ sulphide, the gas that makes the odour of rotten eggs so” repulsive. and that is formed generally by the decom- position of animal matter, has been found to turn the herring back. even when present in the water in very minute quantities. This fact has been used to explain — why that fish has deserted certain of its former spawn- ing grounds, the view being that the proximity of cities polluted the waters and drove away the herring. There has been much dispute as to whether fishes can - or cannot hear. Although with neither onter ear nor drum, they do possess on each side in the back of the head a labyrinth similar to, but less complicated -than — the labyrinth that forms our internal ear, and in which the sound vibrations affect the sensitive nerve endings and give rise to the sensation of sound. Some experi- ments to test the hearing of fishes have been negative. But in other cases positive resnits have been attaind. For example it was found that the dogfish was affect- ed by sounds, certain movements, were made when a blow was struek on the side of the aquarium. If the nerves going to the labyrinth were cut, it did not re- act unless the blow were very strong. Also when the ear-bone or otolith, that lies in the part of the labyrinth 34 CANADIAN where hearing is presumed to take place, was removed, there was no reaction. Also in the squeteague it has been observed that pinning the ear-stone to the side of the labyrinth almost entirely stops the response -to sound. Fishermen are interested in the question whether the fish are driven away by such sounds as those from a motor boat or from guns. Although fish have been shown to hear in some degree at least, experiments prove that sounds originating in the air affect them to only the slightest degree or not at all even when such sounds are of the loudest possible character. To a per- son under water the sound from a 7 H.P. iactor boat is heard only when the boat is within 10 or 12 feet, and the sound is less distinct when there is an under- water discharge of the exhaust. To an observer under water also a gunshot seems no louder than the pop of a soda-water bottle. This is because the surface of the water reflects the sound. A 3144 H.P. motor boat run past a cage in which were several kinds of fishes, did not affect them, for they moved only when the wash of the boat came. The repeated stimulus in the case of the sound of a motor-boat dulls the preception, but when a gunshot is used there is a slight effect on the fish. With a 6 pound howitzer there was no response at 1,000 feet, and only a momentary one at 30 feet. The labyrinth or internal ear has another function than that of hearing, even in man. It is that of keep- ing equilibrium. What happens when a_ person be- comes dizzy and fails to keep his equilibrium? That is a sign that the part of the labyrinth that has to do with equilibrium is not working properly. This part has a very curious shape. It consists of three canals in the form of semi-circles and connected each at either end with a common sack. These three canals lie in three different planes at. right angles to each other, a horizontal plane, a transverse plane, and a median plane. When movement of the body occurs, the fluid in the canal in the plane of the movement moyes, just as the water in a pail moves in the latter when it is whirled. The movement of the fluid affects sensitive nerve endings and the individual is made aware of that motion and if it is a falling one, that is, not a desired one brought about by muscular contractions, he makes the proper actions to stop the falling and correct the motion. Like man, the fish has these semi-cireular canals, and it has been found by experiment that re- moval or destruction of the semi circular canals in a fish makes it unable to keep its equilibrium, although after a short time it regains that power. The explana- tion of the latter fact is that it learns to use its eyes in keeping in equilibrium, for when blinded after the above operation vit loses its equilibrium completely, al- though an ordinary fish when blinded has not. the slightest diffieulty in keeping its equilibrium. An- other result of the destruction of the labyrinth is a great loss of muscular power. The fish becomes very weak, This also occurs in man. Having very evident eyes, the has fish undoubtedly . [SHERMAN February, 1920. the power of sight to a greater or less degree. As the eyes of the fish are almost invariably on opposite sides of the head and look in opposite directions, it is not posssible for it to see things in relief as we do, that is stereoscopically. It is not easy to determine just how much a fish can see. In the investigations that have been carried through, some points have been made clear and by a curious method. Some fishes are more or less ‘brightly coloured, and it has been found that, chamae- leon-like, they are able to change their colour and be- come like the background on which they may rest. These changes are not only in colour, but also in shade (from hght to dark), and in pattern. The best cases we have are from the group of the flat-fishes, of which certain that live along the Atlantic coast have been studied in respect to this matter. They were found to change from white to grey to black, or to yellow, green, blue or pink, all depending upon the character of the background. If the eyes were blinded the change did not occur and if the head were on one shade all the body took that shade no matter what the remainder of the animal rested upon. Also if the bottom on which they rested had a pattern, that pattern was more or less perfectly simulated. The eyes were the avenues through whieh the stimulus to the change came. We can, therefore, with reason conelude that the fish is not colour-blind and that it can distinguish patterns. It took longer for colour changes than fot changes in shade. In the former case the maximum effect might vot be reached until several months had elapsed. They could be taught to change quickly, what took five days in one case at the beginning of the series of experi- ments, being accomplished by the fish in less than two minutes when it became accustomed to being rapidly shifted from one background to another. - + Thus by rigid and accurate experiments it has been possible to prove that some of the faculties attributed to fishes by. enthusiastic anglers and naturalists are really possessed by these creatures, while others are not. It “must always be borne in mind ney ertheless, that fishes differ greatly in ability as well as in strueture, and that what is found for one species is not nose plicable to others. Professor Huntsman also gave a short account of #) results so far attained by Dr. Clemens of the University of Toronto in his study of the herring of Lake Brie. Samples were submitted by members of the Associa- tion from different parts of the lake to have it deter- mined whether the small fish taken at the eastern end belong to a different species from the others, or whether they are merely the ordinary kind that has not reached its full growth. sufficiently extensive for a final decision in this ques: tion, but Dr. Clemens has found that, excluding the large jumbo herring, those at the eastern end show a. distinctly slower growth than those at the western end The growth shown by the eastern fish makes it evident- ly not worth. while to leave them in the water until they reach a larger size. ee aa ee rn The material submitted has not been. * oP = eee ay February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Thomas, Ontario, Annual Convention at St. Association. the Fifth Fishermen’s at attendance Delegates in the Group Photograph of Erie of the Lake 36 ; _ © CANADIAN CANADA ON THE SOREEN. Preceding the business session on Thursday after- noon, the delegates met at the Star Theatre where D. W. Johnson, Direetor of Publicity in the Depart- ment of Trade and Commerce at Ottawa, showed a number of excellent moving picture films showing the evolution of the fish from the spawn and scenes connected with the fishing industry generally. In addition there were several films showing some of Canada’s beauty spots. Concerning the work of his department Mr. Johnson said: “The Exhibits and Publicity Bureau, Txade and Commerce Department, Ottawa, are carrying the peo- ple’s of the earth to Canada. If they eannot come to Canada, yet will they see it, from the new bureau established by the Trade and Commerce, Department entered into the motion picture world in earnest, and already many thousands of feet of interesting fea- ture films of Canada, scenically and industrially, are working abroad in many countries for Canada. In this way Canada is being brought as she actually is to all the world. Over a year ago this interesting bureau was established and in the same year the first Canadian government-owned film manufactory was introduced. Famous film photographers were em- ployed and during the past season over 10,000 feet of Canadian feature film has been produced. The Trade and Commerce Department has 22 trade agents and trade commissioners located in as many foreign countries. To these officers the feature films are be- ing sent, and through them they are being exhibited in many foreign countries to millions of people. “Purely educational and yet intensely interesting these films are working and many thousands of feet more will work to attraet to Canada from foreign countries capital for legitimate investment, to ereate an interest in Canada’s products, and thereby build up a great foreign trade, and finally by means of the scenic films displaying the wealth of glorious oppor- tunities in Canada for sport, sight-seeing and recrea- tion, to develop a wonderful tourist traffic. ‘“‘Mr. B. E. Norrish, civil engineer, a graduate of Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, is in charge of this new bureau, and it is owing to his indefatigable energy and splendid executive ability that this new enterprise of the government of Canada has reached a point where it can safely be called one of “‘the great- est boosters’’ that Canada has abroad. INVENTORY OF RESOURCES. “A complete inventory of Canada’s natural pro- ducts, industries and seenie wonders is being made from coast to coast, and according to the relative im- portance of each subject thus discovered, so. will it be immediately filmed. Canada from coast to coast thus will be represented constantly in films that will be shown on the motion picture sereens of the world. Some of the exceedingly interesting films that have been produced to date well illustrate the wonderful advertising power of this new method of making Can ada known abroad. For example, a recent film takes you to Prinee Rupert on the Pacifie Coast, and there you see a fishing expedition out in° trawlers from this port, and here is illustrated all the different methods of eatehing salmon, both in the sea and in the waters close to the sea. An educational picture of rare beauty—this will bring home to the world .of the ship is laid. Upon it is placed the skeleton or — FISHERMAN ‘February, 1920. the wonderful possibilities from a fishing standpoin of this furthest industrial hive—Prince Rupert. ‘Again, another Film. recently taken—the ‘map sugar films—takes you into the maple woods in ; eastern townships of Quebee. Here you see the old | and the modern methods ef tapping the trees, hand-— ling the sap, of boiling into syrup and finally making ~ It Into sugar—every step in the process of the sap_ until you have the finished produet—Canada’s golden | maple syrup. Then you are taken into a factory in Montreal where the maple sugar is made into the bars — that you see on the counter and where the maple syr- up is bottled. The romance and magic beauty of this, —one of Canada’s most appealing industries i shown. a “Again, perhaps the wooden shipbuilding victide recently taken illustrates best of all how minutely — the motion picture camera can depict an industry : right from the time the natural product is obtained — at the place of birth through all the ramifications — through which it journeys until finally the finished article is ready for sale. To illustrate the shipbuild ing picture takes you into the Vancouver Island for- — ests. Here you see a giant of the forest cut down and — see it eut into lengths. Then you journey with one — of the lengths down the skidway to the ocean where the log is placed in a boom and then you journey with — the boom to the lumber mill where you see the log — cut up into a fine squared keel and now. you jour- | ney with the keel into one of the shipyards of British — Columbia and before your eyes the most intersting process takes place. The keel which is the foundation — frame of the ship, and now gradually before your | eyes you see the ceiling, upper deck and walls of the — ship all brought before you most minutely, every de- — tail being shown, and finally with the finished article — a beautiful launching takes place and with the inter- — ior fittings of the boat placed you have journeyed in picture with the natural product of the Vancouver — Island forest until it is a finished article ready to — work for Canada. Thus you will observe that every — stage in the progress of an industry ean be shown, — he ‘Canada as she actually is is being featured by — the Exhibits and Publicity Bureau of the Trade and Commerce Department, and this (Canada possesses so many different varieties of products with wonder- — ful stories and scenic beauties that for years this — bureau ean work producing Nhousands ‘and |thous- — ands of feet of film and still not have finished ex- — hibiting Canada as she actually is. At the present time the intention of this bureau for the Summer — months is to feature something of every province in — Canada, and camera-men are now out in every proy- — ince getting something of Canada from the stand a point of natural products and scenic beauty. The people of Canada will also have the privilege of see- — ing these films bi-monthly in the Canadian theatres — through the Canadian Universal Film Exchange, who — are receiving regularly every two weeks feature pic- tures as they are produced. fe: ‘There is no camouflage about the motion pietu camera. It must feature Canada as she is, and Can- adians as they see their Canada unfold on the sereen bfore them, have brought home to them strongly the’ | wonderful heritage which they possess in this land _ of illimitable resources and magie beauty. a After the delegates had gathered at the eity hall — 4 CANADIAN a group photograph was taken, after excellent addresses were given, one by J. J. President of the Industrial and Educational mblishers of The Canadian Fisherman at Ste. ve de Bellevue, Quebec, and the other by H. Hin- s, Jr. President Fresh Fish Producers Association, LECTUAL RESOURCES OF THE FISHING at INDUSTRY. J, Harpell brought to the convention the of the Canadian Fisheries Association. He d that the President, Mr. A. H. Brittain, had on attending the convention but at the last was unavoidably prevented from coming. . W. Wallace, the Secretary of the Canadian ries Association was also unable to attend as he th to make preparations for the next annual of the Canadian Fisheries Association, which soon as Mr. Wallace returns from the west the ramme for the Vancouver convention would be need, as well as the itinerary of the trip to the coast and all other information of interest intending to attend this convention. It is the of the association to make this an occasion those from the east will have an opportunity g western Canada onder the most favourable nees and with a minimum outlay, and at time to get the benefits of the convention, hope will be of the greatest importance to ng industry of Canada. Many matters of na- erest will be thoroughly discussed and resol- convention in all likelihood will deal with matters of international interest. There are problems of common concern to the fishing of Canada, United States and Newfoundland chanees are that by reason of the presence of ntatives from the fishing industry in the Uni- s and Newfoundland an expression of opin- ay be had on these international questions _ at least, be a guide for future action of overnment’s of these countries. : The speaker pointed. out that the resources of ev- industry—a * none the less that of fishing—might into two classes, namely, the material and lectual. The material resources are of first ve. If a country does not possess fishing and fish it is impossible to create a fishing Two years ago when it was my privilege nd your convention I pointed out that from ird to one half of the deep sea fishing resources ‘world lie in the closest proximity to the east est coasts of Canada and that her inland or ter fisheries were the greatest in any country this occasion I would like to remind you that these material resources are their develop- ‘be directly proportionate to the attention ren to the intellectual resources of those develop them. The reason why Great th her 45,000,000 and less of population to keep ahead of countries like China of people in commercial and indus- in the Tact that she has always given tion to her intellectual resources. osing session of the convention was open- ‘are not marketable value.” FISHERMAN 37 _ It is patent to everybody that the progress of! any industry will be proportionate to the brain power of those engaged in it, but it is not so clear even to those who have given it some thought what should be done to best fit the rising generation to carry on and im- prove upon the methods now employed in your indus- try. But sinee our best conelusions are drawn from our experience it is well to look there for the answer. We find that little progress was made in the min- ing industry until schools and courses of study were established and these were not established until the industry was organized. Again in the agricultural industry—little or no progress was made in the ap- plieation of science to the industry, until agricultural colleges and courses of study were established. We also find that the greatest progress in’ the fishing in- dustry has been made in countries where the most at- tention has been given to the scientific study of the industry. Within the last few years the first necessary step was taken in the Canadian fishing industry resulting in the establishment of a national association and sev- eral local organizations of which yours was the first to be established and is the most important of the day. Undoubtedly the next step which the industry should take is the establishment of schools of fisher- ies and courses of study. This is a work which at present is demanding the greatest attention of the Canadian Fisheries Association. During the next few years we hope to see a beginning made by the establishment of at least two schools of fisheries one in Nova Scotia and one in British Columbia. Coneur- rent with this move the Canadian Fisheries Associa- tion is doing what it can to encourage the librarians of the country to see that the best literature pertain- ing to the industry is placed in ther libraries. The Association is also encouraging the production of lit- erature pertaining to the fishing industry of Canada whieh literature at present is so eonspicious by its absence. ADDRESS BY MR. HINRICHS. Wasteful Methods Condemned. Mr. Hinrichs, in the course of a brief but striking addresses said that the propagation work. being done by scientists could not be too highly valued. Were it not for artificial propagation he believed that com- mercial fishing would soon cease to be profitable. Natural propagation had done wonderful things but it could not be compared with what could be accom- plished by our fishermen if they put forth their ut- most efforts. Every effort in work and in a pecun- iary way, which the fishermen engaged in would be justified by the results. Much effort and money had already been expended in developing the industry, but what was the use of all this if we ourselves did not give the fish a chance to reach a state where they would be profitable to handle. He contended that the fishermen had been too avaricious, inconsistent and near-sichted for their own good in prosecuting their calling and he believed that the people as a whole had a right to tell the fishermen to look well to the great Canadian industry which belonged to the country as a whole. Our industry is a legitimate one, ‘‘said Mr. Hinrichs, ‘‘and the people will tolerate some waste but they have a right to tell us that we shall not de- stroy millions of fish and discard them beeause they Continuing he strongly , + 38 CANADIAN condemned the wasteful methods that many fisher- men had shown while plying their calling. Not all the fishermen, however, were guilty in this respect, for he knew of trap-netters who had voluntarily ab- stained from catching the small fish and had pulled up their nets. He pointed out that there had been a spirit of cooperation on the north shore in the enact- ment of laws fixing the minimum size of fish permis- sable to be caught and he hoped this action would be followed on the south shore. Deseribing condi- tions in the New York fish market, he said that there had been an arrangement not to accept any of the small fish in their shipments but through lack of con- fidence in one another the agreement had not been lived up to. He quoted instances where hundreds of boxes of small fish had found their way onto the mar- ket and only fifteen per cent of the small pike and ciscoes had ultimately reached the consumer. Thou- sands of boxes had been disposed of as fertilizer. How long would our investments be of benefit to us if this sort of taking of immature fish was not stop- ped. Strict enforeement of laws limiting the size of fish to be caught in his opinion, was the only thing that would put a stop to the wasteful practice and he urged that the Lake Erie Association take up the FISHERMAN February, 1920. formulate new regulations, some of the delegates con- tending that the onus should be put others were in favor of the Association making re- commendations. Officers Elected. The only changes in the list of officers from that of last year was the election of Hon. 8. C. Biggs as Hon. President, and the adding to the executive committee of C. W. Barwell, of Port Dover, and A. Misener, of Port Burwell. The following is a complete list of officers: Officers, 1919-20. Hon. President—Hon. §. C. Briggs. Hon. Vice President—A. E. Ponsford, St. Thomas. President—A. S. Brown, Kingsville. Vice-President—A. E. Crewe, Merlin. Secretary-Treasurer—H. A: Short, Port Stanley. Exeeutive Committee:—A. E. Crewe, Merlin; H. Dromgole, Rodney; W. Goodchild, Amherstburg; J. E. Pastorius, Kingsville; W. D. Bates, Ridgetown; H. 4g ~, _ falbot St, Si. Thomas, Ont. Looking East on Eigin. > — aT it, matter and see that similar laws to those being pass- ed in the States were enacted in Canada. Department Wants Suggestions. The following telegram from the Department of Fisheries was read and created some discussion: “The Department would appreciate any suggestions that the Association in convention may submit for consideration, regarding size of gill net mesh for tak. ing of herring in eastern portion of Lake Erie: Also should size of mesh in pound-net pots be regulated If so size recommended to comply with existing reg ulations.’’ In the discussion that followed the reading of the telegram the consensus of opinion appeared to be in favor of the three inch mesh and a resolution was adopted recommending that ‘until new regulations along these lines were adopted, the old regulations should tbe rigidty enforced. Some: ‘diseussion also took place over the suggestion by one of the dele gates that the Government be asked for a commission to come up and investigate the whole problem and Goodison, Cedar Springs; Ed. Keohler, Wallacetown; — W. F. Kolbe, Port Dover; B. Westcott, Kingsville; H. Hales, Dutton; A. B. Hoover, Nanticoke; Capt. Robin- son, Port Dover; J. Harris, Point Pelee; A. S. Brown, Kingsville; E. Moss, Port Maitland; Geo. VanOrder, Port Burwell; W. H. MePherson, Port Stanley; N. S. Cornell, Port Stanley; B. Clay, Wallacetown; E. Olm- steam, Wheatley; Milton Campbell, Leamington; N. MeAuley, Erieau; C. W. Barwell, Port Dover; A. Misener, Port Burwell. A dollar was a dollar onee, But it has sinee turned fickle ; A dollar was a dollar onee, Today it’s worth a nickle. ‘*Byes tested while you wait,’’ a sign read in a downtown window. The other day a man stood in front of the optometrist’s window and was heard to say: “*T don’t know what to do—whether to have them tested while T wait or leave them here and eall for them later,’’ on the Gov- | ernment in deciding the size of net to be used, while — CANADIAN > Tl), Oxerexere~e: PASSO NOTES GATHERED IN THE GILL NET AT THE . CONVENTION. A rugged, outstanding figure at the convention, was Captain Robinson of Port Dover, at one time command- er of the Canadian cruiser Vigalante, and now a part- ner with Mr. Barwell in the fish business at Port Dover. - Paeing the quarter-deck—or rather the rotunda of the _ Grand Central Hotel, the gallant captain passed the - word of good cheer to his many friends and some of his cronies were favoured with some of his choice yarns. An epoch in the captain’s career is expected to take place in the spring, when his new oil-engined craft takes the water at the Port. Good progress has been made with the boat. The engine has already been de-_ livered and will shortly be installed. FISHERMAN ay a I tt 2 tll a tion and his personality dominated the gathering like a sustained ray of sunshine. Captain Post, president of the Post Fishing Com- pany of Sandusky, Ohio, was a delegate at the conven- tion. Captain Post comes of a family of fishermen and he himself went to sea in the early days of his career. His uncle came out to Lake Ontario and put in the first pound net in those waters in 1854. Despite his gray hairs, Capt. Post is still young in spirit and he is a ver- tical mine of information on the fishing industry both _ in Canada and along the U.S. shores of the Great Lakes. F. T. James’ presence was greatly missed at the con- vention. He sent a telegram of regret from Toronto, stating that ravages of the ‘‘flue’’ amongst the mem- Hon. Vice-President A. E, Ponsford of St. Thomas, was on hand early in the proceedings to welcome the dele- gates with a genial hand-shake. Mr. Ponsford’s hos- pitality last year when he capably fulfilled the role of host on retiring from the presidency, was not forgotten and many reminiscences concerning it were indulged in by the delegates. About the busiest man at the convention was H. A. Short, of Port Stanley, the capable and energetie seere- tary-treasurer of the Association. The burden of the work connected with the gathering naturally fell on the _ secretary, and it was cheerfully and energetically per- - formed by Mr. Short. Throughout the various sessions, or wherever — the fishermen gathered, the cheery personality of President A. S. Brown of Kingsville was always in evidenee. The president combines a genial disposition with keen busi- ness acumen in controlling the affairs of the Assoeia- bers of his staff prevented his attendance at the gather- ing. A. W. Pini, of the National Fish Company, of New York, and one of the best known men in the fish in- dustry, both in Canada and across the line, was one of the delegates. Many friends were pleased to greet Daniel Leitch, of the Booth Fish Company of Ridgetown. One of the best speeches given at the convention was that by C. W. Barwell of Port Dover on Wednesday afternoon, in urging fairer treatment by the Govern- ment in the matter of licenses and the distasteful gov- ernment eontrol of the fish industry. Mr. Barwell does not speak of ten, but when he does his remarks are al- ways well delivered and to the point. The big man, physically, of the convention, was George Ban- Order of Port Butwell, whose huge and | genial bulk loomed large wherever he happened to be. 40 CANADIAN SOME RESOLUTIONS, The following are the resolutions adopted by the Lake Erie Fishermen’s Association convention during its sessions in St. Thomas: Moved by A. 8. Brown, seconded by N. S. Cornell: WHEREAS the policy of Government. operation in the commercial fisheries of the Province of Ontario is productive of unfair competition with private interests in that industry and WHERBAS there has been no adequate justification for the singling out of the fisheries for such govern- ment competitive operation and WHEREAS the only reason advanced for such in- terference was that of a necessary war measure, which reason no longer exists and WHEREAS the national necessity of the present day is for increased production of the country’s national resources for export which will reduce the adverse bal- ance of trade and thereby enable the citizens to buy necessities such as coal, seed corn, ete., on more favor- able terms. a A. S. BROWN, of Kingsville, Re-elected President of the Lake Erie Fishermen's Association. BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the pre- sent Government be respectfully asked to cease commer- cial fishing and dealing in fish. Moved by John Harris, seconded by A. B. Hoover: That the Government requested to make no change in the law relating to the taking of sturgeon. That, inasmuch as the American fishermen take, sell and dispose of Black Bass to the authorities of the State of Ohio for stocking indland lakes, the Canadian fisher men be allowed to take and dispose of Black Bass until such time as these conditions are changed in Ohio. Moved by Capt. Robinson, seconded by W. H. Me- FISHERMAN February, 1920. Pherson: That this Association take proceedings to bring before the Minister of Public Works the neces- sity of segregating the Fisheries from the Game De- partment and appointing a Deputy Minister to admin- ister each department. Moved by N. 8S. Cornell, seconded by W. Goodehild: That this Association hold a Regatta at Port Stanley on July Ist and 2nd, and that the following be a Com- mittee of Management: W. H. McPherson, H. Drom- gole, Capt. Robinson, A. E. Crewe, F. Coll, E. Koehler, N. MeLean, N. MeAulay, J. E. Pastorius, J. Harris, H. Hales, G. Van Order, B. G. Westcott, G. Liddle, J. Grubb, W. Goodchild, A. E. Ponsford, B. Clay. Moved by N. 8. Cornell, seconded by W. Kolbe: That Capt. Robinson be chairman of the Regatta Committee. Moved by N. 8. Cornell, seconded by A. B. Hoover: That Regatta Committee of Management be composed of G. Van Order, W. H. McPherson, B. Clay, H. Hales with power to act. Moved by N. S. Cornell, seconded by J. E. Pastorius: That our Hon. Vice President, A. E. Ponsford, be re- quested to act as Admiral of the Fleet during the Re- vatta. Moved by E. Koehler, seconded by W. H. MePher- son: That the Secretary acknowledge receipt of the let- ter of the London Free Press and express the thanks of the Association for their offer of a Trophy for Tug race to be held at the Regatta on July Ist and 2nd. Moved by N. S.! Cornell, seconded by W. Goodchild: That the Provincial Government be asked for the usual Annual Grant of $500. Moved by N. S. Cornell, seconded by H. Hales: That the Association invite the fishermen of all fresh water lakes to become members of this Association. Moved by N. S. Cornell, seconded by R. E. Menzie: That the Provincial Government be requested to have spawn gathering apparatus at the different ports early in the season each year. Moved by H. Hales, seconded by W. Maguire: Whereas the fish producers along the Erie shore, both east and west of St. Thomas, have been greatly handi- capped by unsatisfactory transportation facilities, which is detrimental to the financial interests of the producers and is liable to destroy present markets be- cause of detoriation of fish in transit, Be it resolved that the Federal Government and the Canadian Railway Board be asked to provide adequate accommodation for shipments of fish and to introduce same hefore the opening of the season. Moved by H. A. Short, seconded by W. H. MePher- son: That the Provineial and Federal Governments be requested to appoint a Commission, to be composed of men, who are not in any way interested with the fish- eries on this lake, to visit the different ports, study con- ditions, methods of fishing, and existing regulations govering licenses and to frame up, from their investiga- tions, new regulations which they may consider should govern all licenses and that, until such Commission is appointed or until such time as the Commission frame the new regulations, all existing regilations be strictly enforeed, z — . ; + i dace CANADIAN FISHERMAN FHR.H the Prince of Wales at the Nipigon Lodge Sept 1919) 2>- Virgin Falls, 3:The Royal Party on the Launch “Arrow. 4: Mr. A.S. Brown (nner) Kingsville, Ontario. . WINNING THE NIPIGON “SHIELD” HE NIPIGON WATERS have long been famed as the favorite haunt of speckled trout, but for a novice who has never spent more than a few hours in hook and line fishing, to land the prize trout of the season is quite unheard of. Yet that is precisely what was done last season by Mr. A. 8. Brown, of Kingsville, Ont., who has been pronounced the winner of the Nipigon Trophy, which is annually awarded by Canadian National Rail- ways to the angler catching the largest trout of the season in accordance with the conditions of the competition. Competitors must be non-residents. The fish shall be a true speckled trout, not a lake or gray trout. It must be caught in Nipigon waters during the lawful season, and by rod and line, with either a fly or a single hook with bait. A regular affidavit as to the catch, or an exact copy thereof, shall be used in filing entry, signed by the angler ,together with the certification of two or more persons, who shall thereby vouch for the facts of the entry. This affidavit is to be filed with the Manager of Nipigon Lodge within two weeks, or with the Manager of Canadian National Hotels, Toronto, within one month of the catch. Mr, Brown, the winner in 1919, is President and Manager of the Northern Fish Company, and also President of the Lake Erie Fishermen’s Association. To quote his own words, he says: “While my business is commercial fishing, I do not hesitate to say that a very few hours at the most is all the time I have ever spent in hook and line fishing; so it goes to show that a novice is as likely to catch a prize trout, where fishing is good, as is the old and seasoned.” Mr. Brown's party, which included Mrs. Brown, Mr. and Mrs, Wade and Miss Helen Wade, of Detroit, arrived at Nipigon Lodge on July 25th and spent the following ten days at the Lodge, making frequent trips to Virgin Falls in the launch Arrow, which is operated from the Lodge by Mr. Neil McDougall. On August 6th, at Virgin Falls, Mr. Brown made the big catch which won him his trophy, using a 6 oz. rod, Shakespeare reel, 25 ya. oiled line, fly hook, Colorado spinner and no bait. It was a fine specimen, 2414 inches long, 14% inches in girth and weighing 6% pounds. Of Nipigon District, Mr. Brown says: “It is a most beautiful spot and well worth the time spent there, even though we had never caught a fish. We spent many pleasant hours rowing and canoeing along the shores of Orient Bay and up a little stream which winds in and out among the high rocks, and if you go up far enough you will find that it starts from practically from nowhere between two high walls of rock. Along the shore of this stream, in the evening, we saw as many as five and six fine moose. They seemed little disturbed at seeing us, and as long as we made no noise they were in no hurry to leave. We are all looking forward to another trip to Nipigon Lodge, at Orient Bay, and hope to meet our old friend, Neil MeDougall.” -Mr, Hendrick Hudson, of Syosset, N.Y., also made a fine catch at Virgin Falls and ran Mr. Brown a close race for the Trophy. His trout was 24 inches in length, 1414 inches in girth, and weighed 6% pounds, but he used & coccatouche bait, which, in the opinion of expert fishermen, takes less skill to handle than a fly spinner, Other- wise the honors would have had to be divided, Mr. W. G. H. Browne, of Toronto, was another Incky fisherman, his trout weighing 6% pounds and being 2334 inches long and 16 inches in girth, but the date of the catch, which was September 16th, put him out of the tunning for the trophy, Seah ee ae 42 : CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. for publication. of Trade Building, Vancouver, B.C., Canada PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Manager, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 507 Boara = BRITISH COLUMBIA FISHERMAN’S PROTECTIVE ASSOCIATION The Fraser River Fisherman’s Protective Associa- tion at a well attended meeting during January voted unanimously to change the name of the Association to the British Columbia Fisherman’s Protective As- sociation, thus materially broadening the scope of the organization. The following officers ‘were elected: President, Thomas Weidman; Vice-President, John Insley; Sec- retary-Treasurer, —To be appointed later. Execu- tive: Leonard Peterson; John Broderick; James Plester, New Westminster; Harry Wright, Alberni; George ‘Browse; Arthur Gabriel, Langley Fort; J. Muench, Port Hammond; Jack Reid, New Westmins- ter; R. Nelson, Ladner. The President was authorized to take steps towards affiliation with the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada. An active membership committee was form- ed and the initiation fee was made $1.00 and month- ly dues 25e. The general feeling prevailed at the meeting that the aim of the organization should be a spirit of co- operation with the officials of the fisheries depart- ment, the Japanese fishermen, and the canners with the idea of furthering the general interest of the fish- ing indusery of the Province. PRINCE RUPERT TO HAVE NEW DOCK ERECTED BY THE GRAND TRUNK PACIFIC, The Grand Trunk Pacifie Railway have completed plans for an extension of the present dock at Prince Rupert. The dock will be 860 feet long and 173 feet wide. It will be equipped with tracks, travelling crane, two elevators and all modern equipment. There will also be erected at the dock a two-storey shed 820 feet long with a capacity of 25,000 tons. This new extension places Prince Rupert in a position to handle a large quantity of ocean tonnage. It is understood from later reports that the new dock will have special facilities for the handling of canned salmon. — V. J. JOHNCOX IN FISH OIL OPERATIONS. Mr. Victor F. Johneox, formerly proprietor of the London Fish Company of Vancouver, has purchased the Fish Oil and Meal Manufacturing Plant form- erly operated by J. Jardine at Rendezvous Island. Operations are being carried on at the present time and enlargements to this plant will be made at an arly date. .EX-EMPLOYEES OF DEFIANCE PACKING . COMPANY WANT BACK WAGES | Ex-employees of the Defiance Packing Co. have ap- plied to the court to have the amount of their claims settled, and an order made for immediate settlement. Liquidation of the affairs of the Company com- menced April 17, 1919. At that time it is claimed there were 9000 cases of empty cans among the liquid assets of the Company. It is claimed these cans could have been disposed of and the wage claims paid. The creditors however, decided to allow the debenture holders to carry on fishing operations during the past season, and meantime the ex-employees have been kept waiting. Defence is that it is not certain that the claimants can demand immediate payment in view of the ar- rangement to carry on the business for the benefit of all the ereditors, and cited the ease of the Dominion Trust Company clerks who had to wait under similar conditions. The court reserved decision. HAVE YOU ADVERTISED THAT CASE OF CANNED FISH F. E. Payson, Secretary Vancouver Branch Canadian Fisheries Association. Hotels, resturants, boarding houses, ranch owners and others who buy in quantity will SAVE MONEY when they buy A CASE OF CANNED FISH. Mr. Wholesaler, when the retailer buys the next lot of canned fish, just ask him if he has advertised: CANNED FISH BY THE CASE. Explain how he can make money by selling in quantity. This will help vour sales too. It is certainly worth talking about, and now is the time to do it. ' question of conserving the supply of salmon in waters has long been one of keen interest. The Dominion Fisheries Commission after a long tion, recommended that ‘‘effective measures ing some limitation of the exploitation of the 2mm waters of British Columbia be adopted.’’ on that report the Minister at Ottawa in 1908 rth that no additional canneries would be licens- that the number of boats in each section would ted The Dominion-Provincial Boat Racing nission of 1910 reported against any increase anneries or boats, and no increase was made until when an additional cannery licence was granted ie understanding that only white labour would ployed in operating the plant and in catching sh; an understanding that was never carried i cannery licences were granted in 1913, 1917, and 1918. There are now some ten more canneries in the North than there were in and many more gill and purse nets, and the drag-seines are being operated, and traps been installed in some localities. In 1917 the Commission, following hearings held jout the North, reported that in their judg- neither the ambitions of an individual not the sss strategy of a company is in itself sufficient d for a change of public policy, and we do not egard the general result of the Department's change policy which began in 1912 as having improved the a from the public point of view, and we believe removal of all restrictions under the present tions as to supply of salmon, would only open ‘the way towards inefficiency and loss.”’ ‘It should be the first policy of the Government to t depletion to ensure continuance, and at the time to eliminate useless competition and exces- ve overhead charges. The policy suggested by me . move in that direction. If adopted it will con- rve the supply and increase the earnings of the in- dual fishermen. There is ‘abundant evidence that mon of the North and of Vancouver Island are being depleted. Unless they are given far tinon than is now afforded them they will 19 the way of the salmon of the Fraser. There is no of that. The Fraser was once the greatest sal- m river of the world. The vast schools of salmon that used to seek its waters annually have been fished (See statement made to the American-Canadian heries Commission, pages 53 and 54, British Colum- | Fisheries Report, 1918; copy attached—Exhibit ) As a salmon-stream it is now in the third or fourth place in the salmon stream of this Province. ng been no limitation placed on the fisheries the Fraser, except a modest weekly closed period. have been open to all that wished to engage. , are thirty-two canneries on the Fraser, but Ive of which have opened their doors this year, ‘combined they packed but 34,000 cases of sock- salmon, and in almost every case they operated present time the L100 canning plants on the CANADIAN FISHERMAN 43 ~ Memorandum Respecting Salmon Fishery Regulations : for the Province of British Columbia (By Hon. William Sloan, Fisheries Commissioner for Province.) Skeena and Nass Rivers and Rivers Inlet could have this year put up the entire pack in less than twelve days of eight hours each, whereas they were operated for over sixty-five days. Fixed charges were need- lessly heavy because of the numerous plants, and have resulted in such high prices as to seriously af- fect the pubile interest. A further increase in the number of plants and the amount of gear employed on those waters will not better conditions. I believe that the withdrawing of restrictions in the fishing regulations, as proposed, will most certainly have a disastrous effect upon the runs unless at the time of amendment most drastic additions are made to the present weekly and annual closed seasons. If the fishing is to be thrown open to all-comers, it will result in placing on the fishing-grounds of the North and Vancouver Island the now unused Fraser River fleet of fishing boats. Depletion will surely result unless the present weekly close season of forty hours is extended to at least seventy-one hours, and to a fur- ther and material restriction of the present commer- cial fishing areas. To provide such an extension of closed hours will make it extremely difficult for fish- ermen to earn a weekly living wage without such a material increase in the price paid for fish as will add greatly to the cost of the product. . I suggest that the time has come for a complete and radical change in the policy of handling our fisheries. It is time that the Government stepped in to seriously protect the fish, eliminate all useless competition, over- equipment and waste to the end that the people may be able to obtain at a fair price one of the natural food products of this Province. To permit a further depletion of the salmon-fisheries of the Province would be a ‘‘policy which could only be character- ized as a criminal policy.’’ The fish of this Province notwithstanding the depletion of both the salmon and the halibut, are still one of its greatest food assets. They are one of the greatest assts the Province pos- sesses. With judicious handling the fisheries can be maintained for all time. The depleted fisheries can be built up, built up, but they cannot be maintained if the present methods are to continue. The Fraser River fishery demonstrates what will happen if things are to go on as they have been going We have overdone the thing. We have drawn, and are drawing, too heavily upon our supply of salmon and of halibut. (See attached excerpt from House of Commons Debates, January 19th, 1907, page 1722 —Exhibit 2.) What we need is a complete and radi- eal change of policy; a departure altogether different from past and existing methods. The time has come when the Government should step in and take over — -our salmon-fisheries and administer them for the ben- efit of the people as a whole and for all time. They should step in and take over the salmon-fisheries just as the British and United States Governments have taken over the fur-seal fisheries of the North Pacific. Instead of licensing existing and new companies and individuals to take and handle our salmon-fisheries the Government should take them over and handle a CANADIAN FISHERMAN them. By so doing the fish will be given “full protec- tion. There will be a radical reduction in equipment and a consequent reduction in overhead expenses that will materially reduce the retail price of both fresh and canned salmon. And at the same time the Government, being serious in its desire to help re- turned men, can do so by taking control of the salmon fisheries and install returned men to operate them. The Governments of Great Britain and the United States took over the fur seal industry because it was essential to the preservation of the fur-seal. (Sec. excerpt from Hansard, February 27th, 1908, page 3954, attached—Exhibit 3.) The fur- seeal was thret- ened with extinetion. Corporate and individual enter prise was killing them off. The Governments took them out of the hands of corporations and individuals and adopted a policy that has materially inereased the numbers in the herds of fur-seals. There is no inherent difficulty in taking over the salmon fisheries. The existing operating companies in the salmon fisheries have no operating rights be- yond those granted them from year to year. The Gov-, ernment is under no obligations to renew the licences’ formerly granted to them. I suggest that the Govern- ment should assume the sole control of the entire sal- mon industry, even though that may mean compensa- tion where it can be shown that compensation is due. Many of the salmon plants on the Fraser are at present a liability and not an asset of the owning com- panies. The plants of Northern British Columbia will in a short period be as valueless as the plants on the Fraser if the existing policy of depletion is con- tinued. The history of the Fraser wi!l be repeated. The salmon fisheries of British Columbia will be de- pleted as Alaska is being depleted. (See attached statement of Charles D. Garfield, Alaska Fish Com- missioner, Fishing Gazette, New York, December, 1919, page 28—Exhibit 4.) The Government should bear this in mind in taking over existing plants that may be found necessary for the work under Government control. The Government can, by combining its ef- forts, reduce overhead expenses by several hundred per cent. It can in consequence sell cheaper. It can put up as good, if not a better and more uniform pack- Being a Government-guaranteed product, it will be in greater foreign demand. And what is of greater importance, it will ensure the continuance of the salmon runs. Government owned and operated fisheries, and I do not confine the suggestion that Government own- ership be confined to the salmon-fisheries alone, for I would include trawl-caught fish, which together with the salmon would prove a valuable adjunct to the two transcontinental railways-lines owned and operated by the Government. (See report of Select Committee appointed to deal with schemes and suggestions made with a view of rehabilitating soldiers, Journals of British Columbia Legislature, pages 1724, 1919; copy attached—Exhibit 5.) By the addition of large freez- ing and cold-storage plants at or near Prince Rupert and Vancouver, the Pacific terminal ports of Govern- ment-owned railway lines, the Government will be in a position to supply the North-west Provinces and Eastern Canada with fish at cheap prices, employ re- turned men, and to dominate the local fish-food mar- kets, to the immediate and lasting benefit of the fish and the people. The fish of the Province belong to the people of Canada. They constitute one of their natural assets, February, 1920. “When our minerals and our timbers are drawn upon _ they are lessened to that extent. Minerals cannot be replaced. Our forests may, at great expense, be re- stored by reforestation, but they then will not be available for several generations. Our fisheries, on — the other hand, will last for all time if they are proper- ly handled. Depleted runs can be restored. The runs of former years may even be enlarged. All that is ne- cessary to maintain our salmon-supply is to ensure that a sufficient number of fish reach the spawning- . — grounds. If the beds are well seeded there will be a certain return. The fish will do all the work neces-— eS sary, provided the Government gives them a chance to do so. They will perpetuate themselves without — cost. They will entirely disappear if left to age ee and individual control. The policy here advocated will meet with the ap- proval of the people of Canada, since it means that the fisheries will be maintained in their interest, and that they may have fish at a cheaper price. The policy proposed is a practical and sane business" thing for the Government to undertake. It is a busi- ness that will pay dividends in a greater supply of fish, and at a cheaper price, not only to the people of today, but to our people that are to come after. Cov- ernment control and operation is, in my opinien, the solution of this great economic question. The Privy Council decided that the right to edinintp? ter the fisheries of this Province rested with the Dom- inion, and that the right to fish was a publie right — Provided the - Dominion Government is not prepared to accept the — policy here advocated, and operating cur fisheries, I subject to regulation by the Dominion. maintain that the Dominion should surrender that right to British Columbia. We are facing rapidly changing conditions, iid the. time is opportune to assure the conservation of the Paeifie Coast fisheries for the present and the future — benefit of the whole people of Canada rather than sacrifice this great Provincial and national asset to satisfy the shortsighted greed of a small minority. Victoria, B. C., December 29th, 1919. _ (EXHIBIT 1.) Statement submitted to the American-Canadian Fish- eries Commission by the Hon. William Sloan, Com- missioner of Fisheries, at the Vaucouver Meeting, 1918. Gentlemen of the Commission,—As the Commission- er of Fisheries for the Province of British Columbia, I desire to comment briefly on the present precarious condition of the sockeye-salmon fishery of the Fraser River. lie wholly within the Province. have come all but a fraction of the sockeye that have been taken in the waters contiguous to the Interna- tional Boundary-line which separates the Proyinee of British Columbia and the State of Washington. From. that watershed must continue to come the seaward migrants of soekeye which produce the commercial runs of sockeye to those waters, because there is no other watershed tributary to those which affords suf- ficient spawning and rearing waters for sockeye sal- inon. The vast runs of former big years demonstrates the extent and the value of the runs that that water- shed can produce. It is the greatest sockeye-pro- dueing watershed known. No other watershed has produced such vast numbers of sockeye. That water- shed is to-day as capable as ever of producing the vast run of the past. * i ee os ns Peep es er te aie Se ee ee ee ee a ae TN The watershed of that river and its channels From its watershed - It has not been contaminated. ice ‘ or Me. bee February, 1920. “Settlement, power, and irrigation have not injured ‘im any way. It needs only to be protected to pro- _lessened—almost destroyed—because a sufficient num- ber of spawning sockeye has not been permitted to reach it. The runs in the three last years have stead- ily decreased because too few of the adult salmon have _ escaped capture in Dominion and State waters; be- eause of excessive fishing too many have been captur- ed.. The run of the big year was further destroyed -a rock-slide blocking the river-channel at Hell’s ~ Gate in 1913. most wiped out by commercial fishing and that the run in the big year has been alarmingly decreased has been ably demonstrated by statements already submitted to you. It is unnecessary here to more than call your attention to the evidence of depletion already in your hands. I do, however, accentuate the fact that the evidence submitted to you by our Department is founded upon scientifically ascertained facts. The watershed of the Fraser and the fishing areas sup- plied by it have been under close scrutiny since 1901. No other has been so carefully observed. The history ‘the race of sockeye that frequent the Fraser is bet- r known than that of any other district. The facts are no longer questioned. The run of sockeye to the Fraser is perilously near to extermination. They will be extermined if conditions remain as they are, and in so short a period as to wipe out all interests of both fishermen and canners. In view of the evidence there , in my judgment, but one thing to do. Adopt meas- ures that will ensure to the watershed all the sockeye ‘that still survive...To that end I would suggest that total prohibition of sockeye-fishing in the waters frequented by those produced in the Fraser River until such time as they have recovered from their depleted condition. I suggest this though it does in- volve compensation to resident fishermen and canners who can establish that they are entitled to eompensa- tion by their respective Governments. It is fruitless toe rely upon concurrent regulations in British Colum- _ bia and the State of Washington waters. That has _ been tried and failed. Such efforts will continue to _ fail. Present commercial and monetary considera- _ tions must be eliminated. It must be in an internatio- _ nal way, because it is an international question. It is one of the greatest fishery questions in which Canada and the United States are now concerned. The only _ adequate, the only permanent solution of this ques- _ tion, I submit, is the acquisition by Cznada and the _ United States of all the rights in this fishery of which _ they may not be in possession. That being establish- _ ed, the waters should be closed to sockeye-fishing for _ such a period of time as is necessary to restore the runs to the abundance of former big years. When that has been accomplished, let fishing be resumed under 2) sina and for the benefit of the two nations until such time as they have been recouped for their ex- penditures, and thereafter in such manner and to i that the supply may not again become de- -T submit, gentlemen, that the Government of Can- ada and the United States recognize that the condi- tions concerning them demand such treatment. There is no gainsaying the evidence. The watershed of the om “sockeye salmon than any known watershed It lean years it produced an average of but 267,- duce the great runs of the past. Its produce has been | _ That the runs in the three last years have been al- er River will, when adequately protected, produce produced in 1913, 2,300,000 cases. In the three fol- CANADIAN FISHERMAN 45 000 cases per year. Being in possession of a water- shed capable of producing 2,300,000 cases a year, can any Government be content with conditions by which but 267,000 cases are produced, and the continuance of which will entirely destroy any production what- ever? The evidence in the ease is conclusive—it is undisputed; the fishery is in a precarious condition. There is, however, a difference of opinion as to the remedies to be applied. I submit that those best qual- ified to speak have made it plain that no temporary measures will produce desired results. The races of sockeye that frequent the Fraser cannot be restored by any half-way measure. To allow +he destruction of the sockeye-fisheries of the Fraser River would be an unnatural, immoral, and unpatriotic policy. The questions here involved are similar to those in the fur-seal case. They are international in character. and not Provincial or State questions, and must be dealt with upon broad national lines and in the inter- ests of the people of Canada and the United States. Faithfully yours, WM. SLOAN, Commissioner of Fisheries for British Columbia. Note.—Since the above representations were made we have had two seasons’ fishing on the Fraser River and results have shown the decline in pack to be even more serious than predicted. The run of 1918 pro- duced but 70,000 cases and that of 1919 will not be greater. (EXHIBIT 2.) House of Commons Debates, Mr. Sloan, Comox-Atlin. (Hansard, January 18th, 1907, page 1722.) ‘“‘Dixon’s Entrance, more especially that portion to the south of the line of approaching Graham Island, is the most valuable halibut-fishery ground which we have, is being daily invaded by American fishermen, and unless prompt measures are taken to effectively patrol these waters the constant in roads will serious- ly deplete this very valuable territory. The halibut- fishine in Dixon’s Entrance is carried on without re- gard to the spawning season or the observance of con- ditions necessary to a continuous suvply, and it is be- ing urged that regulations be enacted and enforced with a view to prolonging and maintainin unimpaired a. prea commercial value of these very important Note.—No special consideration was given to this warning at that time, with the result that Dixon’s Entrance is now valueless, being completely denuded of halibut. The halibut-catch of 1918 was 14.000.000 Tb. less than of 1917, and not a pound of the 1918 catch was caught in Dixon’s Entrance. (EXHIBIT 3.) House of Commons Debates, Mr. Sloan, Comox-Atlin. (Hansard, February 27th. 1908. nage 3957.) “‘T have shown the value to the world of the fur- seal fisheries of the North Pacific Ocean, “‘T have pointed out the urgenev of action being ky to save this valuable animal from total extine- on. -“T have suggested the Haene Tribunal as compet- ent and unbiased to deal with this auestion. _**Tn conelusion, Mr Sneaker, the destruction of the fur-seal snecies wonld be unwarranted: furthermore. li be an unnatural, immoral and unpatriotic cy. 46 CANADIAN ‘The protection and conservation of the fur-seals of the North Pacific Ocean is an obligation due post- erity by the nations of to-day, who are directly re- sponsible and directly interested. 2 “This question is not one that ean be settled on lines of selfish consideration. It ean only be settled by compromise and generous broad patriotic statesman- ship.’’ Note.—This. long-outstanding and contentious ques- tion was finally adjusted without reference to the Hague Tribunal, and mainly along lines indicated at that time, and with most satisfactory results to the preservation of the fur-seals. (EXHIBIT 4.) Excerpt from the Fishing Gazette, New York, Decem- ber, 1919, page 28. ‘“‘Gharles D. Garfield, Alaska ote cone recently told cannerymen that the fishing industry in the territory would be completely demoralized within a very few years unless drastic restrictions are mmme- diately placed in effect to allow sufficient fish to es- cape to the spawning-streams. Mr. Garfield’s address was given at a hearing conducted in the assembly room of the Seattle Chamber of Commerce by the Depart- ment of Commerce on proposed legislative measures designed, to exclude fishing in all of the streams and lakes of Alaska and in waters and in waters tributary to their mouths. ‘For the last fifteen years. the Government has been endeavouring to replenish the supply by building hatcheries and distributing salmon fry. So far not a single instance has been recorded where these fish return to propagate in the waters in which they were released, and the fact sees well established that the ef- forts of the Governent have proved a failure. “Tt took 100,000,000 salmon to complete the packs of Alaska’s 135 canneries during the years 1917 and 1918. Within a few years these institutions will for the most part be scrapped and the industry ruined unless strict protective measures are adopted.”’ (EXHIBIT 5.) Nos. 32 and 33. Votes and Proceedings of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Friday, 14th Mareh, 1919. Mr. McGeer presented an interim report from the Select Committee appointed under Resolutions of the 20th and -24th days of February, 1919, to deal with schemes and suggestions made with a view to rehabil- itating soldiers, as follows:— Mr. Speaker: Your Select Committee was attended by Deputy Commissioner of Fisheries Babeoek; and upon hear- ing Mr. Babeock and upon making further investiga- tion, your Select Committee is of the opinion that in formulating measures for the rehabilitating of sol- diers full consideration should be given to the fisher- ies, for two main reasons, the first being that your Committee believes that the fihing industry if proper ly developed, would provide employment for a large number of returned men, and the seeond was that by the proper development of that industry the high cost of living problem would be solved in a measure in at least one of its many phases. While your Committee made some investigation into the possibilities of the returned soldier engaging in what is known as the FISHERMAN February, 1920. ‘‘salmon-fishing industry’’ in such places as the Fraser River and elsewhere, your Committee is not of the opinion in view of the condition of that industry, that it presents the best possibilities for the successful employment of returned men, the reason for such eon- clusion being that it is the. opinion of your Commit- tee that a policy of conservation is at once necessary to re-establish that industry so that it may be made one of profitable possibilities for those engaging in it. For instance, your Committee ascertained the fact that in 1918 the total catch of sockeye salmon in the Fraser River was 75,000 cases, as compared with 553,- 000 cases which were captured in 1914, the brood-year of the 1918 run. It is the opinion of your Committee that similar depletions are being made on the Nass River, Rivers Inlet, and most of the minor sockeye waters, : Your Committee also ascertained that in connection with the halibut-fishing carried on on this Coast the 1918 catch shows a decrease of 14,000,000 lb. Your Committee, in view of the provisions of the ‘‘British North America Act’’ and subsequent legal interpreta- tion of that Act, making it obligatory that the Domi- nion Government assume the full protection and en- couragement of the fisheries of this Provinee, and in view of the fact that a direct revenue during the past ten years has been collected by the Dominion Govern- ment of between $45,000 and $50,000 a year, and under the new provisions as provided in the regulations recently issued by the Dominion Government that revenue is to be increased to $250,000 a year, deems it advisable that the Government of the Proyinee of British Columbia should recommend to the Dominion Government in definite terms the necessity of de- veloping the fishing industry in the Provinee of Brit- — ish Columbia along lines which will mean the engaging of large numbers of returned men, and at the same time amply protect that industry from depletion and ultimate destruction. With reference to deep-sea fishing, your Committee ascertained that deep-sea trawling had been conduet- ed out of the ports of British Columbia in 1917 and 1918 on a profitable basis, and that the operations af- forded evidence of an ample wealth of food-fish to provide the possibilities of the development of an industry as yet practically unexploited. The extent of possible profitable employment in such an indus- try is evidenced by the facts shown by the operation of a trawler known as the ‘‘James Carruthers’? This trawler was operated out of Prinee Rupert in 1918, and made a total of forty-nine trips, making in all 151 days. The approximate catch was 2,000,000 Ib. consisting of flounders, sole, witch, brill, and other fish. The amount which each fisherman received for the season’s work was approximately $2,000 during the operation of the boat. boat was inaetive for a period of six weeks owing to the faet that no cold-storage facilities were available to handle the catch, Your Committee also found that a considerable am- ount of training is necessary before a man should en- gage in this particular oceupation, and that more ves- sels of a suitable type would be necessary, In the light of the above facts, your Committee hum- bly recommends that the Government of the Provinee of British Columbia urge upon the Dominion Govern- ment the establishment on the -Pacifie Coast of a trawling school for the training of men to engage in deep-sea trawl-fishing by providing a number of suit- able vessels equipped for deep-sea fishing officered It is understood that the : 1 q ee NS ee eT ee en ee eee _* SE ee a ee ee February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 47 26 PECK SLIP Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CoO., INC. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. NEW YORK by experienced navigators, engineers, and fishermen, who would act in the capacity of instructors, and to whom returned soldiers could be apprenticed for im- struction in navigation, the operation of steam and gas engines, care, casting, and hauling of trawling- nets, and the dressing, storing, curing and shipment of fish; the men during their apprenticeship to be paid a proper living wage and to be given a bonus from the ship’s earnings after capital expenditure had been provided for. It is believed by your Committee that, well managed, such an operation would be sufficient- ly profitable to furnish the means ot operation and maintenance, and create a sinking fund that would reimburse the Government and permit the vessel to be transferred to organizations of the men who would be desirous on their ownbehalf of the course of time. It is the opinion of your Committee that at the present time there is room for ten such training-ships on the Pacifie Coast of ( anada, each of which could provide training for at least twenty-five apprentices. Such a school, it is believed by your Committee, could be directed and operated im eon- nection with the Naval Training Schoo! now establish ed at Esquimalt. In further connection with the deep-sea fishing industry, it is the opinion of your Committee that the Dominion Government should establish at suitable places in the Province, such as Prince Rupert, Vancouver, and Victoria, fish curing, packing, and marketing schools for the practical training of overseas men in the curing, packing, and marketing of fish, and through which the eatehes of the travlers could be distributed. Your Committee is of the opinion that such a proposal, if established, would mean the development of an industry through which it would be possible to distribute fish not only in the Province of British Columbia, but throughout the North-west as far as and including the Province of Manitoba. Your Committee further recommends that, in the event of the Dominion Government not seeing its way clear to inaugurate and maintain such ‘a_ training- school or to lay down some lines for the development along lines of conservation, the Dominion Government be requested to turn over the entire fisheries of the Province of British Columbia to the Government of the Province of British Columbia, by way of leasing such fishing grounds or areas to the Province; and in the event of such being done by the Dominion your Committee humbly recommends that the Govern- ment of this Province take into its consideration the advisability of laying down a policy embracing the put- ting into effect and the carrying out of tiie recommen- dations hereinbefore made. G. G. MeGEER. The report was received. Ordered, That the report be considered on Tuesday next, Note.—This important resolution received unanimous support of the British Columbia Legislature. It points out urgent necessity for conservation, deals with in- adequate cold-storage facilities, lays down proposals to assist returned soldiers by engaging in trawling indus- try. So far as known, no consideration has yet been given this resolution. 48 CANADIAN COOKING EXPERIMENTS WITH FISH. _ By Miss A. Doris McHenry, University of Toronto. (The following synopsis is non-technical language of an interesting report, recently completed in the Household Science Department of Toronto University, ‘summarises some valuable results, including compari- sons of the cost and food value of some leading food- fishes. The full report is being published in extenso by the Biological Board of Canda, Ottawa, E. E. P.) The war with its accompaniment of high prices and food shortage has brought many problems to the at- tention of the housewife, problems that will, in many cases, last for years. The meat supply became one of the most predomin- ant questions. There was such a shortage that the price in many cases doubled, thus necessitating either curtailment or substitution of other foods by the house- wife with an average income. The Canadian people were, indeed, awakened to the great possibilities of: fish as a substitute for meat, and the problem is to maintain fish as an important feature of our diet. The average Canadian houewife knows little about fish, or. how to buy fish wisely or cook it attractively. Hence fish are even now neglected and quantities are un- marketed, and are wasted. Canadians must in the future realize five points re- garding our fish :— (1) — Fish are less expensive than meat. (2) — Fish ean be made as attractive and satisfying as meat. (3) — Fish generally are almost as rich in protein as. meat (only 2% to 4% less). (4) — Fish are more easily digested than meat. (5) — Our seas, lakes and rivers are providin~ vast quantities of excellent food in the shape ot esfeemed fish as well as little known fish, and much of it is going to waste. The experimental work, on the fish here dealt with, attacked two problems :— (a) — Which are the best common fish to buy from the standpoint of economy? (b) — It is wise or desirable to introduce little used kinds of fish into our homes, regarded from the house- wife’s point of view? The tendancy is to use on the table fish-steaks, such as halibut and sea-salmon steaks. Though more exnen- - give than the whole fish (such as haddock. herring, ete.) they require little or no preparation before cook- ing. Is the housewife losing money in preferring hali- but steaks, at 32 cents per pound, rather than whole haddock at 15 cents? The cheaper fish require clean- ing, skinning and boning. and these losses have to be paid for and the number of ‘servings’ from one pound ig reduced. Tn addition to this loss from waste. there is the time and labour in preparing these lower-priced fish. On the basis of 20 cents per hour (a low figure) for the housewife’s time, the price per serving is raised accordingly. The first problem is to estimate the cost per serving of fish in common use. and in this wav eompare the respective costs. In the experiments all the refuse was removed from the fish. fneluding the head, tail, fins, skin, bones, and entrails. and thus to ealeulate the percentage of the edible portion remain- ing for table use. The time occupied in cleaning, pre- _ ing, time is saved an dthe cost per itm. ' February, 1920. paring, and cooking, was also calculated whore the pe cess of cleaning, scaling, &c., was. necessary, and the time (at 20 cents per hour) added to the cost. | centage of the edible portion being asce possible to arrive at the cost of a serving of 3% The results showed that the lower priced fish are so much cheaper per serving than a more expensive like halibut. There is less saving than the great ference in price would imply. Take the haddock, for examp nH sais outs! iftee cents per pound, but barely “per ent of its is edible, after the entrails, skin, fins, and othe are deducted. This raises the cost to 6 cents ing. On an average it takes 15 i : prepre even though the enizaila the retailer in the store. ing reaches 7 cents, wheseas ] The edible portion of fish stea g thin skin and small central bone are the only. and as the difference is only 1.2 cents per s ; worth considering, when a housewife is serving ber of people. Of mackerel, at 12 cents per 59% is edible, and as there is no sealing and lit FISHERMAN 2.7 cents cheaper than halibut in flavour and appearance. Salata ona and. ; fish, at 14 cents per lb. are co cae as the edible portion is o , the cost per is at least 6.3 cents. Servings of fish from bones have not been removed appear large th food value is less than 3Yoz. A 19 cent flouné ficing for four servings wo cost 43/4, cents | ing. A general idea of the cost per serving of th commoner kinds of food fishes can be glance; also the cost. per It Ib. of protein i in eae the fuel value. ; 2° ‘ 4 eR 8 a 2 8 suk 82 Salmon ..... 35 88 8.7 Salmon-trout, or r Lake-— : trout . ocean oe 6.2. Halibut .:....anes 32 83 8.2 BOE sic 20 90 #48 Haddock . 15 47 6:0: .-3 Mackerel .. 42.59.5585 Flounder .. .. 14 48 6.3 Herring .. . 12.74 5.2 Whitefish of Siecak Lakes . caer hay opens bE 4.0 Plaice «su 12-36: #90 Ling ( bought in steaks) 10: 728 - 27 Beef, round ” 30 91.9. TA Lamb chops ” * 42 86.5 108 Ling is a fish hitherto not commonly used and bough: cleaned and skinned, at the low cost of 11 cents per — lb. and the edible portion is accordingly high—72.8% thus costing only 2.7 cents per serving. It is very good boiled or fried, and should appeal to anyone who — cares for fish at all. Tt affords the lowest cost Sige in the table. February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Our labels laminate your goods / : attracting the attention of the consumer \ ye Pa ae house fia ily anne ps amd carefully care _, . a . i ie & aa — a + = = Ros 2 : = - ae Cen} a ‘ \ er WY, ge : \\ $ \ ; ’ ’ , } ‘ r YY ! aad j ) ¥ } ‘ é | ; 7 /wow ann MN J f , \ } 4 i | \ v = nr if ‘ } 4 | | i : y/ | iti | \ rae Quality plus s service { _ | is our basis o/value ye Scumipt Lrruocraps Co. SEATTLE ~ LOS ANGELES ~ FRESNO PORTLAND ~ SACRANENTO — HONOLULY SAN -FRANCISCO 50 CANADIAN Illustrations of the cost of time may be given as follows :— Whitefish (5.2+1.0) = 6.2e. figured at 20c. per. hour Haddock (6.0-+-1.0) With the exception of halibut and salmon, which are as expensive as many cuts of meat, fish, it will be seen, are cheaper than meat from the standpoint of protein. The cost per serving is in general lower; but the fuel value of fish (with the same two exceptions) is lower than that of meat; but the prices per serving of the cheaper fish do not differ so much from the more expensive fish steaks, owing to the large percentage of refuse. Certainly cod, whitefish, mackerel, and _ her- ring, are very cheap sources of protein. = Te. figured at 20c. per hour. The second problem considered in this experimental work is the introduction of uncommon and unutilized fish into the homes of the Candian people, many of these fish being of excellent food value, and providing a cheap food. A gret proportion of these fish is wast- ed, which is unfortunate from the standpoint of food waste itself, and because it tends to raise the price of fish on the market. Were the fishermen able to sell more kinds of fish, their catches would be increased, and the prices would be lowered of staple kinds al- ready in demand. Amongst the uncommon fish obtained, cooked and tested in different ways, were the skate, and dog-fish, or grayfish, as it is now called. In Great Britain there is a good market for Skate and an effort is being made to render this fish popular in Canada, as it is claimed to be one of the most nour- ishing of all fish foods, and is particularly rich in phosphorous. The wing-like side fins, supported by cartilaginous bones, from which the flesh is difficult to separate, are the only part utilized. In the Government Cook- Book, boiling is most favoured, after the fish is skinned, cut into strips, twisted into rings, and cooked until it is tender. This method proved so difficult that it can- not be wisely considered from a housewife’s point of view. In the laboratory a portion of the fish was merely skinned and boiled in the usual way; but the flesh proved tough and stringy after longer cooking than is needed for common edible fish. The flavour was fairly good but it was marred by the texture of the flesh. Frying was tried, much time being spent in separating the flesh from the bones, in pieces suit- able for frying. The pieces were dipped in egg. and bread crumbs to make them as tasty as possible, but the results were unsatisfactory; the warm flesh smelt strongly of ammonia, and the flavour was disagreeably strong, and the texture tougher and more stringy than when boiled. Baked Skate again proved objection- able from all standpoints. As a sealloped dish it was FISHERMAN Februaty, 1920. best, the texture not being noticeable, but the flavour — was far less agreeable than that of the fishes to which — we are accustomed. Is it worth while to encourage the — wide use of Skate in Canada? It is true that it is— plentiful, easily obtained, and of good food value. It is — wrong to waste good food. Yet it does not seem — advisable from the housewife’s standpoint. Tt costs only 12e. per lb. but there is great loss in refuse, and 4 The fish was so dif- time occupied in preparation. ficult to skin that the attempt to accurately ascertain the proportion of edible matter, as compared with other fishes, had to be finally given up. With so much ear- tilage and heavy skin, it would be undoubtedly low. If great food needs arose, Skate might prove a de- sirable and excellent food, but under present con- ditions it cannot be recommended to the housewife. Of the Dog-fish, or Grayfish, so largely wasted, it can be said that it -is a good food fish. The flesh is very white, fine in texture, with a slightly bitter flav- our, noticeable in all methods of cooking. The best | flavour is obtained by boiling. The eel-like body is covered with a heavy skin, so difficult to remove that a great deal of time is wasted in prepartion, and per- haps the skin should be left on, and removed after the fish has been boiled, and before serving. . Amongst the Flounder family, the Plaice pentiallés the Halibut in texture and flavour, and cooked in the same ways as halibut it is just as delicious; skin is heavy, tough, and difficult to remo edible portion is 36 per cent and at 12 cents per cost per serving would be 9 cents. edible portion is difficult to estimate, owing flesh adhering so strongly to the smaller takes 20 to 30 minutes to prepare (1. e. to bone) whereas halibut steaks really require no “pre. paration. sf The fresh water Ling or Cusk, already as Og ae ee ee Le a ee ee ee ke ee ev Tae ee CANADIAN WE SPECIALIZE VARNISHED SALMON, HERRING AND PILCHARD LABELS THE B.C.PRINTINGs. LITHO.LTD. VANCOUVER, B.C.CANADA. Bell Telephone Up 4512 “é sé sé 4513 sé “é ee 825 O’Connor’s Fish Market For all Varieties of FISH 1, 2 and 3 St. Antoine Market MONTREAL FISHERMAN Extra Battery Strength THe Reliable Ignition Battery possesses extra “battery strength.”” The Reliable Ignition Battery uses power that is lost in other makes of batteries because it is fitted with the Big Brass Cap, which prevents wasted energy. Well built of the very best material, and tested three times be- fore it reaches you, every Reliable Ignition Battery is of the same uni- form high quality. We put the energy into every “Reliable’’—the Big Brass Cap enables you to get it all out. The Reliable Ignition Battery is better for your engine, bell and telephone, or for every use where a good battery is demanded. For a sure spark and more power, get a Reliable Ignition Unit No. 8216. It is made of Reliable dry cells set in a caulked box, and is built for heavy and continuous ser- vice. Ask your dealer for a Reliable Flashlight—the handy, safe and convenient pocket-light. AELIA BL TRADE MARK “Lively and L asting® Tre DOMINION BATTERY Coens 736 DUNDAS STREET East TORONTO CANADA -~] Oo CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. Sale of Military and Other Government Stores Equipment and Supplies for Hospitals. Institutions, Bunkhouses, Camps, Dining-rooms. Kitchens. ete. Bedsteads, Furniture, Hardware, Dry Goods, Rubbers, Overshoes and other Footwear, Blankets, Sheets, Pillows, Baskets, Woodenware, Brushes, etc. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY — AMBULANCES The Stores are located at various places throughout Canada Instead of or in addition to sales by sealed tender PRICE LISTS WILL NOW BE ISSUED for most articles—the goods being offered in lots for purchase by wholesale houses, jobbers, and the trade generally. TRADE ONLY SUPPLIED except that arrangements previously announced for sale to returned soldiers and sailors and widows and dependents of same through the G. W. V. A. and similar organizations and to hospitals and philanthropic institutions will be continued. SALES WILL CEASE IN MARCH. Any balances left will be cleared by publie auction shortly thereafter. This advertisement will not be repeated. Those interested should therefore apply AT ONCE for price lists and other information to the— SECRETARY OF THE WAR PURCHASING COMMISSION 2 sant in Booth Building, OTTAWA February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 79 FIP ROM Rab NOM eye Edo ive -WALLACE’S £3 ee ee aproete sae Do. ae a maybe Seton oid. | Caught & Packed by Ps hoe 7 age Bina WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED ¥., i] opened. ce adc VANCOUVER, GANADA. ei net Tell Year C uiségiiier That he can sell a case of WALLACE’S CANNED HERRING where he sells a can. A man buys a box of apples. Why not a case of canned herring? It will keep indefinitely. TRY IT. WALLACE F ee eS. LIMITED VANCOUVER BLOCK, - - VANCOUVER, B.C. == FOOD PRODUCTS penny Canadian - American - Oriental BRAND ; Salmon — Herring — Pilchards e Canned Fruits and Nenetables— Canadian Canned eaey~ «Tama Penile Shaan Cured and rat ed Beans—Pies—Rice— 2 Fallow" AoplesPotatocs-Oniom Smoked Fish Lumbe O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Ltd. HEAD OFFIC E: VANCOUVER, CANADA Associate Office es: Seattle, San of anaes co (U.S. oie Pepe op ale CABLE ADDRESS: ““BRITSALMON” Bank Refer The Domi , Vancou B OLoane. KiewoCol™ | VANcouver.0© | ie OUR SPECIALTY—ACTING Cc. Il. F. Prices Quoted pes wesns: BIRKS CRAWF a AR OR VANCOUVER VANCOUVER. B ronal Salmon, (CANNED FIS Hea AS BUYER’S CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES 8&0 CANADIAN FISHERMAN CANADIAN INDUSTRIES EXHIBITION London, England June 3rd—17th., 1920 Points for Progressive Canners and Exporters 1. Have YOU thought of Exhibiting your goods 2. Are YOU preparing for the Keen Competition ahead 3. Get “IN ON TOP LINE,”’ This is the 1st Exhibition 4. Let your Slogan be “SLOG-ON” Put more “PROD? in your Production. WE want your Goods WE can place them WE have ESTABLISHED connections in UNITED KING- DOM and nearly EVERY COUNTRY in the WORLD. CANNED FISH We are in closest touch with Markets and recognised as Authorities in the Trade WE want to represent YOU. WE invite CORRESPONDENCE. Get in touch by NEXT MAIL. Better still send us YOUR GOODS to EXHIBIT and let us be YOUR SHOWMEN at this Exhibition, Our Stand Space is limited, but our capa- bilities and organisations are at your service. WRITE. “Import Dept’’, CABLE ADDRESS:- A. H. PARKER & SONS, ‘*Keenest”’ Bristol. Produce Brokers Carlton Chambers, Baldwin Street, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BRANCHES LONDON LIVERPOOL 9-10 Fenchurch Street, Produce Exchange Buildings and 2 & 3 Philpot Lane 8, Victoria Street London Liverpool Also at Glasgow, Cardiff, Newcastle-on-Tyne and Dublin. a a —_ CANADIAN FISHERMAN | | | io a 7 ) | W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KIND 119 Youville Square, - MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘*‘VENESTA”’ and ** LEMBERG”’ ‘“NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish J. Bowman & Co., Port Arthur, Ont. A. W. Fader, Canso, N.S. Wabakin Fish Co., Montreal, Que. 81 8278. CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario em CANADIAN FISHERMAN Synopsis of Lobster Fishery Regulations in Force on December Ist, 1918 Limits. *Fishing Season. Size Limits. ty, New Brunswick.. ........ hn, eaty De tsvee ss Pane . Nov. 15th to June &th. 10% inches. ue A A ee ee ea |Nov. 15th to May 23rd. 9 inches. mae Brunswick, “and that portion ‘of Cumberiand County, | : of Fundy an iad i ry oie well ae the Capaties adhe” Sa ain NOH sa, 16th to June 29th... 9 inches. bourne, Queens, Lunenb' and that portion of the i wear of a line running 8.8.E. astronomic, from St. Island, Halifax iarboor, a eae with the Fairway Buoys in : the entrance of the said Harbour . 5D one's V EMMEEEIS Mes «soos ecsss bene Mar. ist to May 31st... wo sige limit. From line in Halifax Harbour runn “3.B.E. astronomic, from St. George’ a Island, Halifax Harbour, and coinciding with the Fairway Buoys, in the | entrance of the said Harbour, extending eastwardly and following the eoast line as far as Red Point, between Martin Point and Point Michaux, in the Island of sabe Breton, and including Chedabucto Bay and St. Peter's Bay, and the coasts and waters of all the Islands lying in, and ad- - to these on and sand. including the coasts and water: the Gut of as far as a straight line passing from Flat Point in Inverness 1 2000 J 20th Gounty, "0 the Mapthauas opposite, in Antigonish Coenty Bonet April 20th to June 20th | no size limit. Breton Islan northwarldy to or ctoria } Island. ae eeeceeceess/May 16th to July 15th..| A iine on ‘the northwest 'No size limit. Pacha Point, Prince wn from the west ‘anda ina Po aa By coast” “a ae ‘aia o fu pasoeeg Me ANCOR * hat po on 0 e or ‘the waters thereof o e Provinces : : slong New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island from Cape Seated eg Victoria a Gounty. Nova Scotia, westwardly and sou’ theardiy, and and fol- pte Sinem coast-line to a straight line drawn from at Point in Inver-| ness eras Dowsts to the lighthouse oe in Antigonish County, thence. westwardly and northwardly and following the coast line to the northern) ait the isla New Brunswick including the coast and waters thereof of ands adjacent to these portions of the coasts of the said Pro- as By A the coast and waters thereof of the Counties of Que-. we bec south of the river St. - sadist except district No. 7 and the Magda- eg ee inciudiieg” Bika” Rocks and "BEyon iaiana, “éicépting “ithe nore 26th to June 25th. Ino size limit. ° ese islands, where lobster fis S not permitted at an me Ist t ly 20th... 'N 2 portion of the Province of Quebec north of the Gulf and River St. Law geet he hp oe eae aig og egg Ey en the coast or waters thereat of Anticosti Island...... . May 20th to July 31st.. No size limit. *Both dates given are included in each instance. Soft-shell or berried lobsters must be liberated alive by the person catching them. boiled or partially prepared elsewhere than in the can- nery licensed for that purpose. 4. No one shall engage in lobster fishing without first Lobster traps may not be set in 2 fathoms of water or” having a HMeense from the Department of the Naval less at low water nor shall they be placed nearer than — pik $e 100 yards to any stationary salmon net set for the | purpose of taking salmon. 5. No one shall engage in the canning of lobsters without first having obtained a lice f the De t - No one shall offer for sale, sell, barter, supply or pur-_ of the scapes Service. be ee en chase any fragments of lobsters, lobsters purposely mutilated or broken up, or any broken lobster meat, nor 6. Licenses may be secured through the local fishery for canning purposes shall any lobster or lobsters be officer. an G. J. DESBARATS wa, December 1, 1918. Deputy Minister of the Naval Service. 84 CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. Exceptional Angling —— Opportunities are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- elusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On aif unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Provinee of Quebec. For all information apply to-—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec a ee i a February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 85 IMPERIAL MOTORS When you buy an Imperial you are getting an engine backed by years of service so satisfactory that Imperial Motors are the standard fishing boat engines of Eastern Canada and are to be found in every fishing district in Canada and Newfoundland. They are the best that money, skill and experience can produce. General Dimensions of 5 H.P. Model ‘‘A’’ RUT 0s ce can Vee be bee cb WAbiince Peual eae we ae Inehes PEPE UIEH n cs cee (onic) BERT AB EEDA S eke rane Ree ee ome e Wee ONLY =... vipa eeeceKe! dad: cos: ers ee areeeee Ibs. Complete shipping weight, with outfit ... ... ... ... ...420 ” Diameter:O© Propeller, 2-blade oo. ss. oss. sae o¥le. ono vecraee 18 inches Diameter of Propeller, 3-blade ... ... 1... ses sew sve eee 16 9. Sr... o>. sss pat tlinwe ane) 6 = 6 skeen 5 ce 8 inch TET Sg nc 0 5s Ame ORS TA ER NOD hee 500 AMPA NS mn acd feet For full information regarding this or any other Model send for catalog. State size engine required. 5 H.P. Model ‘‘A” The Motor that Makes the Mark. BRUCE STEWART & COMPANY, LIMITED. Drawer 370, CHARLOTTETOWN, : : PLE. 1. This En-ar-co Auto Game is FREE An absorbing game in which autos compete in a CANADIAN cross-country race. Heaps of fun for kiddies and orm grownups alike. Sent free to any automobile, COMPANIES, ~ LIMITED, motor boat or engine owner who will fill out and 1426 Excelsior mail this coupon. Life Building, Toronto, Ont. Canada En-ar-co Motor Oil is a perfect lubricant, made from selected crude petroleum by scientific processes. Removes friction, increases power. Have you tried it? Send me En-ar- co Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- Ping point and uote prices on the items I have marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year 1 use...gals, Motor Oil per year I use.....gals. Kerosene per year I use —. Tractor Oil per year It use. -lbs. Motor Grease per year I use -. lbs, Axle Grease per year White Rose Gasoline A superior power fuel for all gas-driven engines. Gives extra speed, and “‘brings you home first.’ * Name 1 10h) Address. National Frictionless Compoun Conizy fiat Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions, eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy open bearings. Canadian Oil Companies, Limited BRANCH OFFICES IN 35 CITIES — General Offices: TORONTO, ONT. Province. . I own (Make of Auto., Tractor or Motor Boat) (Be sure to give name of auto., tractor or boat, or game will not be sent.) Atitomobile; am at present using............. ceevesenes Motor Oil, ! te be in the market for more oil again about ues and you may quote me on : ---@al En-ar-co National Motor Of — 86 CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. Greater Capacity -- Uniform Ice With Little Giant Breakers Especially adapted to the needs of fish dealers. Built in twenty different sizes and styles and guaranteed more durable and effective than others. if il Economical to use and save hours of time and labor and prevent ice waste. ANT TIL Patented Features Little Giant Ice Breakers have the advantage of our patented diamond point double cutting picks and two piece housing construction, features which have made this equipment the most effective and durable on the market. Get Catalog and Prices Our eatalog illustrates and describes the entire line. It will interest you. Prices and delivery will also be furnished on request. B. L. Schmidt Co., Davenport lowa., U.S.A. BOLINDER’S ais. ENGINES The Bolinder-engined M.S. ‘‘Teco’ operates at a cost of only 84 cents a mile The “Teco” is a vessel of 309 tons carrying capacity, owned by the Taylor Engineering Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Speed loaded approximately 8 knots on an average fuel consumption of 7 gallons per hour Completed in May, 1919, she has since been operated in the coastwise shipping business in B.C. Her owners state she has a very successful running record and that her engine has given excellent sat- isfaction in every way. The ‘Teco”’ is a typical example of Bolinder Service, Economy and Dependability. : ‘ 4 4 3 E 4 : Representatives: SWEDISH STEEL AND IMPORTING CO., LIMITED Shaughnessy Building, Montreal The M.S. “Teoo,” equipped with one 160 B.H.P, Bolinder Engine. Miah comeatiabe oul Ses EM SFT SN SLO OO Stee a eS ee February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN i 87 (ESTABLISHED 1883) | THOMAS ROBINSON GRIMSBY, England - "™ "Si stachant Agent for the sale of Newfoundland, Labra- dor and other SALTED COD and HADDOCKS. Agent for the salw and purchase of STEAM TRAWLERS, ete, CONSULTING DIRECTOR to the CANADIAN FISH « COLD STORAGE CO., Limited, Prince Rupert, B.C. ——d The LARGEST BRI- TISH IMPORTER of Canadian Frozen Fish. Bankers:— THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND LTD., GRIMSBY Branch. Telegraphic and Cable address :— “RELIANCE, GRIMSBY”’. CANADIAN EXPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OF FISH SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES GAZETTE Se eOTIChS... . .*.). . Ss 24/6 including postage 6 14 GEES eer 12/3 ‘é sé 3 eee es lle 6/14 ‘“ 46 Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office:—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNEY J. WILLIAMS, Government Auctioneer.) FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS., Genera | Offices: —43-45 Monument Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, 7 Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. Importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers: Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. Established over 60 Years * ; _ February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 - MANILA ROPE, R. J. EDERER COMPANY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Manufacturers of COTTON POUND NETTING, COTTON GILL NETTING, COTTON TRAP NETTING, LINEN GILL NETTING, COTTON SEINE NETTING, HOOP NET WEBBING, POUND NETS, TRAP NETS, HOOP NETS, HAUL SEINES, .. PURSE SEINES. Write us for prices. SEINE TWINE. -THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOMAS, ONTARIO " The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. {| Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. 1.6 ARG: RR P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. {| Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of and other Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut jae tien WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. —e_ Fishermen’s and Shipbuilders’ Supplies Fishermens’ Rope = MAITRE CORD ion SEAMING TWINE RS rrers OAKUM . : CAULKING COTTON PINE PITCH LIFE BUOYS LIFE JACKETS = DAKE STEERING GEARS IX Oeepeii ge sees pa ee em, Oe en. 7 itt See Eo a Wise ign aoe lel aici pe ia in a pons ou A FOR YOUR ENGINE You Fishermen Must Have DEPENDABLE SUPPLIES “GET IT AT McAVITY’S” fh. | . 2 9 if it’s PROPELLERS STUFFING BOXES SHAFTING & COUPLINGS ‘“McAVITY” COMPOUND BATTERIES | SPARK COILS, J.S.orM&B PRIMING CUPS, TUBING, ETC. T. McAVITY & Sons Ltd., ST. JOHN N.B. CANADIAN & AMERICAN FISHERIES, LTD. LIVERPOOL - NOVA SCOTIA J. F. CLIFFORD, Managing Director Wholesale Producer of SMOKED FISH Fillets, Haddies, Kippers, Bloaters. FRESH and SALT FISH of all varieties. Car Load Lots a Specialty CANADIAN AGENTS: UNITED STATES AGENTS: CANADIAN TRADE CORPORATION, LTD. J. S. TWOMBLY, EASTERN TOWNSHIPS BANK BUI LDING, 110 STATE STREET, MONTREAL BOSTON 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all - markets. Halifax, - Nova Scotia. FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have proved most satisfac- tory are . HALIFAX and ACADIA Refuse Inferior Substitutes ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, LUNENBURG, N.S. Sold Everywhere Cable Address: “McZatzman,” St. John, N.B., Canada. Code used A, B, C, Fifth Edition. MCCORMACK & ZATZMAN Wholesale Dealers and Curers of Fresh, Frozen and Salt Fish. Largest Packers and Curers of Salt Alewives in Canada. 77 SMYTHE STREET, oT. JOWN NO. CANADA VAY FISHERIES GO. DETROIT, MICH. Canned, Smoked, Salt, Pickled Fish Onlv Exclusive Jobbers in the Great Automobile Manufacturin Centre of the World Get in touch with us Pickled Herring a Specialty A. E. HICKMAN CO: Limited ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL SS Ce ee a a ny ae eh a rn a te Se Te A al CANADLAN FISHERMAN A 2 GULF OF ST LAWRENCE FRcncH > NF ones Pratl CowaRo iano 6H NORTH ATLt AN THC By OLEAN ee cas Zz é _ SKETCH MAP of FISHING ote Bee on nets * BANKS ADJACENT TO «.- Mead PT vw bem CANADA'S ATLANTIC ... Soi) a. *f? yor | COAST. sovmowes im PaTwons ie aK - (wor orann ro sme) Con weltnntin, Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of Fish and Fish Products AND Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Shell Fish.-All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore fisheries. The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for economical exploitation by fishing vessels of the larger type. Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. If You Are Buying Fish— If Your Have Capital To Invest— If You Are A Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA'’S RESOURCES WRITE W. B. MacCOY, “xiciantst 197 Hollis St., Halifax | = se se PRT te = ™ = aire ia Bn tea a ; He cane re . 4 bal ad aay : Nn Ei bat ica cc i am i - es Fi fe at TN lh a eat Ae a yt ree epaewecrge 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN February, 1920. MARITIME FISH | CORPORATION LIMITED THE “DOROTHY .M. SMART,” HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S., FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. 22) MONTREAL CANADA @& February, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Established 1874 -D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 lb. Blocks, 20 lb. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, communicate with us It will always pay and interest you a sh ia ct ee A Acadia Gas Engines, Limited .. 100 American Can Company .... .. 92 Anderson & Miskin .. — “negara Fisheries Ltd. “ie toate a eee B. C. Pinting and Litho Co., Ltd. 77 Booth Fisheries of Canada, Ltd. 91 Birks, Crawford & Co........... 79 British Columbia, Province of .. 5 Bruce, Stewart & Co. Ltd... .. 86 Burnoil Engine Co... .... .. .. 16 c Canada Metal’ Co... 2.080. es pak hee Canadian American Fisheries, ; Manas) S06) Sashes. 58 x 93 Canadian Waisieanics- thares Shee MMS Sip" sie e” wea hide : 20 Canadian Fish and Cola ‘Milage Rettig: EROS bo ep Rien 7 Canadian Fishing Co., ‘ta. ho oe 6 Canadian Ice Machine Co. .. .. Canadian Milk Products, Ltd. .. 14 Canadian Oil Companies, Ltd... 85 Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. 14 SIRE PACE AIOE ds aa fio dinlaieien baie oe 17 ae Es POR oes Pte i: Soe ht mee li Génntors Bros, Gta. 16. ee 02 Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd.... 3 Crossley Lead & Machine Co... 12 D Dominion Battery Co............ 17 Department of the Naval Service 83 Des Brisay, M. & Company .. .. 4 Donaldson, John .. .. .. .. .. .. 88 E Iederrer, R. J. Company .. .. .. 89 Everett Packing Company.. .. .. F 32 Yt ays Warquhar & Company eels gee Fish Trades Gazette .. .. .. .. 87 OCOT 6.6 kk ee a oe ee Freeman & Cobb Co., ie ee eee | een OO, PB .... “eae G Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F... 99 Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd... Gray & Prior Machine Co... .. 9% Gulowsen Sales Corp........ ee ce CANADIAN FISHERMAN | ; Index to Advertisers ie J Jacobson Gas Engine Co........ Journeaux, H... .. .. ; Jillian; Cone Co... .. -. Saas K ‘Teglie, aes... oe Mustad, O, & Son .. .. - New England Fish Co. Inc... 4. > > it Metts are Say el ae H HoWipeee s,s ee Hatton, D. Company.............+ Hickman, A. E. Company .. .. 94 Imperial Oil Company .. .. .. Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. International Business Machines Kermath mie CO! ..... ae L Lambert, Walter .. .. .. a ae Leckie, John, Limited . Letson & Burpee, Limited ; Levensons, Limited. . es < Sage : Linde Canadian Refrigeration re Co, Ltd ve ee ete ee le es =e Lockeport Cola Storage Co., Ltd 2 London & Petrolea Barrel, Ltd... Lyons, Chas. & CO0...........+55 v4 Maritime Fisheries, Limited .. .. Maritime Fish Corporation, Ltd, 96 McAvity, T. & Sons, Ltd... McCormack & Zatzman .. .. ,. Mueller, Chas., Co., Ltd. .. N Walker, Thos. & Son, Ltd. .. .. Neville Canneries, Limited Wannenwetsch, C. ic A. & Cems Newfoundland Fishery Products Export Company ......... «a ae Noble, Chas., Jr. Company .. .. 18 Northern Fish Co., Limited .. Nova Scotia Government .. .. .. 95 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Weare putting . as this hone RED LINE / across BIG Se eeen Slashed right across the page— in newspapers, farm papers, and foreign language publications “Round the Top,” to six million footwear users on the farm, 1,500,000 in the coal mines, 100,000 fishermen, 500,000 foreign born farmers (in their own language) and lumber-jacks and laborers everywhere. There will also be plenty of display advertising for your store. It’s the same story with dealer and user—once “Hi-Press” always “Hi-Press.” Positively the longest wearing footwear made—with the best fitting lasts. L will say “Goodrich Hi-Press” with the Red Line Stocks ready for you at Akron, Chicago, Kansas City, Minne- apolis, Pittsburgh, Denver, Seattle, New York and Boston. 50,000 dealers NOW—and more coming in every day. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY Akron, Ohio oodrich ‘RUBBER FOOTWEAR Se GPO BL TT as ini Sle CANADIAN FISHERMAN per } if | ae . — —- wane a oe Upon request, a Calender will be mailed having the above picture reproduced In colors. Abadia Engines Always Dependable Manufactured by the largest manufacturers - of Marine Engines in Canada. Quality, Service and Price Satisfactory ACADIA GAS ENGINES, LIMITED Head Office and Factory - BRIDGEWATER, NOVA SCOTIA Branch Office and Warehouse ° - . ST. JOHN’S NFLD. i | . SHE i SHERI bo : 3 y OH Y Pat + Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association L. VIL. GARDEN CITY PRESS, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, MARCH, 1920. No. 3. WHITTALL | CANS for Meats Vegetables Milk Syrup Fish Paint Ete. ~ PACKERS’ CANS Open Top Sanitary Cans and - Standard Packer Cans with Solder-Hemmed Caps | - A.R. Whittall Can Company, Ltd. Sales Office: r Sales Office 202 Royal Bank Blidg., M O N r R E A L 806 Lindsay Bldg TORONTO WINNIPEG G. A. WILLIS, Sales Mar Established 1888 \. E. HANNA, Phone Adel 3316 Representative TULL LLL LL LLLLLLLLLLLLPLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLooooooce cee LLLLLLLLLLeoLDoo ooo ‘ , = ie PUVA LLL LLL LLLP LLLUALLMOLSU PLLA LLLUS I LLEL Cece SU UUNAUIUONNNUUIUNNNNUUONOANUUUUEASNUUUNALUUUU ALEALLL = we ; _ ‘ x CANADIAN FISHERMAN Steamships and Vessel Owners. seiniiipse ulead Lockeport Cold Storage Co. LIMITED W. M. Hodge. President. PRODUCER Live Shore Ocean Fish Fresh Frozen Cod - Haddock - Herring - Mackerel --- Smoked --- Fillets - Haddies - Kippers - Bloaters Car lots a Specialty. Plant, Smoke house and Freezer, LOCKEPORT, Nova Scotia. Canadian Food Control License:—No, 1—093, + CANADIAN FISHERMAN al \) HEAVY 3 OLINDER'S «iz | ENGINE The Engine that represents _ the highest perfection in DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION and EFFICIENCY. . | The Bolinder is demonstrat- || ing these qualitie: where ever it is in use. a Here is a recent example. | es eS || The Auxiliary Motor Ship “Ozmo”, 170° x 30’8 x 9’8, 800 tons displacement, equipped with 320 B.H.P. Bolinder Engines, returned recently to Seattle from a _ |} trip to Bethel, Alaska. The Chief Engineer, Mr. J. P. Browner, writes about || the trip as follows: Seattle, Washington, August 20th, 1919 Dear Sir— Thinking that you would be interested in the trip of the Motorship “Ozmo”’, I am writing in regard to the voyage from Seattle to Bethel, Alaska, on the Kuskoquim River, a distance of 2500 miles. We let Seattle June 19th and arrived at the Behring Sea July 3rd, and the first time thal the engine was stopped was when we came lo anchor at the mouth of Kuskoquim, waiting for the fog to raise. We averaged about 7 knots and consumed less than 8 barrels of fuel oil per day. After arriving in the river 175 miles from Bethel, it was continually backing and going ahead on account of the shoal water. I DO NOT KNOW OF ANOTHER INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE THAT WOULD HAVE HELD UP. WE ARRIVED IN SEATTLE AUGUST 9th, AFTER A RUN OF OVER 5000 MILES WITH ABSOLUTELY NO ENGINE TROUBLE. Very truly yours, (Signed) J. P. BROWNER, Chief Engineer Motorship ‘‘Ozmo’’. Mr. Browner also states elsewhere that there was not a single cent for engine repairs for this voyage, and as far as he knows, NOT MORE THAN FIFTY DOLLARS HAS BEEN SPENT FOR REPAIRS SINCE THE ENGINES WERE INSTALLED IN 1915. The ‘‘Ozmo”’ is a typical example of BOLINDER EFFICIENCY, ECONOMY AND DEPENDABILITY. 7 Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Ltd. || Shaughnessy Building, - MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN -Mareh, 1920, Codes: Cable Address: Armsby 4 “‘ Brokers.”’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners St) M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. (“et Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” “OCKEYE’ “SUNDIAL” SUriOES. “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS” 3 CANADIAN FISHERMAN BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA'S PREMIER FISHERY PROVINCE In her territorial and off-shore fisheries, British Columbia contributes two- fifths of the entire catch of the Dominion. The coast of British Columbia, embracing all the sea-front which lies between the 49th and 55th parallels of north latitude, presents an ideal field for the establishment and profitable operation of a great fishing industry in all its branches. The coast is so indented by numerous sounds, bays and inlets, many stretching inland for long distances, that the actual shore-line (including - Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Group) exceeds 15,000 miles. The - Mainland coast is protected from ocean storms by thousands of islands, which serve to form a vast, land-locked maze of waters, teeming with sea life of many varieties,—from the mighty whale to the tiny sardine—while the beaches are alive with shell-fish. Beyond this great natural fish preserve, the North Pacific and Behring Sea afford deep-sea fishing grounds eclipsing the North Atlantic in their wealth of food fishes. Although the British Columbia fisheries show remarkable development in some branches, it may be, confidently stated that the Industry is still in the initial stage, for 80 per cent. of the yearly output is credited to salmon, which (with the exception of halibut) is the only fish which has so far been taken in large quantities. During the year 1917 the value of fish caught and landed in the Province _ was over twenty-one and a half million dollars ($21,500,000). For information regarding British Columbia’s Fisheries, write ~The Bureau of Provincial Information be VICTORIA, gees remy OG CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 8, Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN - SALT BE PREPARED for the LENTEN TRADE | Give your customers good value by PUSHING QUALLA SALMON BRILLS and SOLES We can supply you with all varieties of PACIFIC COAST FISH FRESH---FROZEN---SMOKED---SALTED---CANNED The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B. C. ~ March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storagve (6... Limited m4 ! | Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Mareh, 1920. 24 HULU UU GULOWSEN GREI ‘‘GG’’ HEAVY OIL ENGINES were perfected by a factory with some thirty years experience in the development of internal combustion engines and the past seventeen years have been devoted exclusively to the refinement of the heavy oil engine. Its aim was to produce an engine that would operate as efficiently on cheap fuel oil as other types of inter- nal combustion engines do on high grade gasoline. The ultimate result is the present ‘‘GG’’ Engine which was designed and is built to meet the most exacting requirements of present day marine power and its performance in every part of the world is proof of its dependable durability. There is a ‘‘GG’’ ENGINE for every kind and size of boat engaged in the fishing business. MOM For Descriptive Bulletin, Address Dept. C-2 GULOWSEN SALES CORP. 3 SEATTLE, U.S.A. CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY = SMM MMMM SS Te ULL Direct Reversing Four Cylinder Marine Engine 60-90-125-160-210 B.H.P. ee a March, 1920. : CANADIAN FISHERMAN 9 1 Direct Reversing Two Cylinder Marine Engine 30-45-60-80 B.H.P. SU UHANUUIUAUULUUUU0UUUNNEONGEAUOUGUUAUUUUGEOUUGUOUUGEUOOOUUOEOOOOEOEGUUGLUOGEULUOUUEEUS UO UGUUEU ULE GULOWSEN GREI NES E “GG”? HEAVY OIL ENGINES operate to the highest degree of efficiency on any asphalt or paraffine base fuel oil of 24°. gravity Baume, with a fuel consumption of .58 lbs. or 1-13 U.S. Gal. per horse-power hour. Starts instantly. Is direct reversing. No water injection required. Has electric start- ing plugs, direct acting governor, sliding cam shaft control and. main bearings and thrust are water cooled. TH ‘3 SAVING GAS GAS ENGINE ENGINE ines RUNNING ON 60 GAL 15¢ DISTILLATE 3 Z Seite Stationary Engines 40 GAL GG. ENGINE 30 to 360 B.H.P. 30 GAL RUNNING ON 20 GAL: 5¢ FUEL OIL 10 GAL $ on | FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COST 45 HP ENGINE PER 10 HR. DAY UOGUOUDRNEN LANUAUUNASUOUOASUOUUGAAOOEAOAUUOOSAOUOAAAUUONEATUTANHHI Le eee Te ee TTT TT For Descriptive Bulletin, Address Dept. C-2 GULOWSEN SALES CORP. _ B SEATTLE, U.S.A. CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY. ii rT MLL = CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery ~Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, a= CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, My/\\ CLINCHERS, COOLERS, ’ TRUCKS and all kinds of y) TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over Cee the old style, is only one of Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (ade end save the exchange ee Re et ee eg ee ; eee ‘March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 11 Cable Address:--“‘DAVECONNOR,” VANCOUVER. ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries Cc. I. F. PRICES Liedies: No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, En 510 Winch Building : : j : VANCOUVER, B.C. Addresse par Cable:-“DAVECONNOR,” ~ PRT COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR VANCOUVER. D. ( ONNOR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION ; DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée a toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. 510 Winch Building : . seb pie - VANCOUVER, B.C. appireccion Cablesrafica D ONNO CORREDOR DE SALMON SRE ONE é EXPORTADOR Y COMERCIANTE Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informaci6én. PRECIOS C. I. F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building - - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Maritime Fisheries, Limited || || W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. D. T. SANDISON, Managing Director VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. Packers iad Exporters: EXPORTERS CANNED SALMON Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, SCOTCH CURED HERRING your port, on the following grades of salmon FISH OIL AND FERTILIZER ae i REDS, PINKS, and more es- er ela ; pecially Head Office: 802-804 Credit Foncier Bldg, Vancouver, B.C. CHUMS. Plant: Aliford Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands, Cable “GENERAL” in the following codes: ; British Columbia. Gt, Pein THE BRAND OF EXCELLENCE Kippered Herring Boneless Herring Fish Pastes in.4 oz. Bloaters Smoked Salmon Glass Jars Herring Chicks Kippered Salmon Bloater, Anchovy, Scaled Herring Kippered Cod Sardine Scotch Cured Herrings in Barrels, Half-Barrels and Pails Packers of :— CANADIAN FISHERMAN. March, 1920. C. O. Julian & Co. “iiss” Producers and Wholesale Distributors .. SALT for Salt Criental Herring Export 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, * ‘Tripping Deer’ Brand’’, Canned Salmon, Canned Pilchards, Canned Herring. Dominion Building, 207 Hastings St., Vancouver, B.C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. 236 N. Clarke St. CHICAGO Hasiwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMENTS The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. ESTABLISHED 1900 HERBERT JOURNEAUX PACKER OF THE FAMOUS BAY CHALEUR | CANNED AND FRESH LOBSTERS FRESH COD, MACKEREL, LOBSTERS CASPE SALMON ETC. Head Officei PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships | Walter Lambert, M.1.N.A. NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting SMITH & RITCHIE } FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT CORRESPONDENCE INVITED AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE :—The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. ——= Crossley Net Lifting Machines For Steam or Gasoline Power For Fresh or Salt Water Crossley Steam Steering Gear Entirely Automatic with 9 H.P. Engine ‘‘The Machines That Have No Equal’”’ Net Leads of All Sizes _ Write for Catalogue Crossley Lead and Machine Company, ERIE, PA. MEN— actor heey MONEY WV, You can save labor, save time, save {t{—4 space and facilitate handling for stor- ——] age, inspection or removal by using an = — ECONOMY STEEL |= TIERING MACHINE tj Write for Complete Facts on the Economy System. \ Made in Canada exclusively by STANDARD STEEL CONSTRUCTION CO., LIMITED STEEL BRIDGES AND BUILDINGS PORT ROBINSON - - ONTARIO =) a a oe | March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN ‘|| The London & Petrolia || || 1 opel” a | Barrel Co., Limited | |FISH WASTE. i ; LONDON, Ontario om Ernest Scott & Company’s Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels ; NEW METHOD Experience has proven that Fish packed in ‘ <_ Sani ‘Si at f a } m2 4 ee |, mi. LONDON BARRELS reach their destination Eliminates pressing and drying in perfect condition. yet retains full values BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. of products EASTERN AGENT : PROCESS ENGINEERS * LIMITED. WELSFORD L. WATT ie HALIFAX, N.S. | Montreal : . Canada ges. The Ranney Fish Co. | || FHL Fromm & Co. R: ‘F) N\ Cleveland, . Ohio. \\ IMPORTERS d BROKERS SF Buyers of all kinds of satu es cccs Fun PHILADELPHIA, PA. Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked S Poy FISH In carlots or less MACKEREL A SPECIALTY PERS OF WHOLESALE PRODUCERS. IMPORTERS AND SH FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN i UA ele cll all @ 4 @ AR FISH OYST ERS*C ia REFERENCES : Sa . Correspondence Dunn’s & Bradstreet’s Solicited gees The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN SHIPMATE RANGES Largest size No limit to length. Smallest size Body 18% inches long. A sailor may strike a topmast, but he’ll never strike a cook if the meals are cooked on a SHIPMATE. Always on deck, fair weather or foul. Made by The Stamford Foundry Company Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN. Agencies in Canada: F. H. Hopkins & Company, Montreal, Quebec. Lipsett, Cunningham & Co., Ltd., Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., 798 Beatty St., Vancouver, B.C. This Convenient Powdered Separated Milk LIM is absolutely fresh pasteur- K ized separated milk in its lightest and most easily transported form A dry powder that will not freeze in Winter nor sour in Summer. Klim is always fresh and ready for use. Just whip the powder into water and make as much separated milk as you need — anytime — anywhere. Fine for tea, coffee, and all cooking. In 10 pound tins—6 to the case— order from your Supply House. = Vs CANADIAN MILK PRODUCTS LIMITED TORONTO Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. THE WANNENWETSUH NOTEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commissicn Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address ‘“Lemétais Bordeaux” March, 1920. Si tik iach a ae se oe ee ee ee ae yy aa eee —? March, 1920. CANADIAN AOWER's wsVAW FISH BRASO THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON \LONG COATS and , SLICKERS FISHERMEN PROTECT YOURSELVES! Dont run the risks of ruining your health and imparing your ability to work by tailing to protect os body against cold and wet. Get a Tower Brand Long Coat or Slicker, and know what it means to be warm and dry. These coats will stand hard wear and rough usage. The shoulders and sleeves are double, the body lined half way down. Made ot heavy material and finished with corduroy collar. Every wise fisherman” who values his health should have one of these coats. Sold by your dealer. TOWER CAN ANADIAN LIMITED. Toronto. Vanoouver. Coast to i Count Service. FISHERMAN 15 JV. The Progressive Fisherman’s Engine. 28-38 H.P. 600- 900 R.P.M. 45-60 H.P. 1000-1450 R.P.M. Completely Equipped $1,000.00 Designed and built under the direction of JOSEPH VAN BLERCK The Well Known Marine Engineer. Operates on kerosene as well as gasoline. Throttles down and runs continuously at 200 R.P.M. A Simple Sturdy Engine Just Right For The Service. Write for a circular The J. V. B. Engine Company Box C. oer —— High Street, AKRON, OHIO. - - U.S.A. EP 58 Oxford Street - WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Log for Motor i and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al a 2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked : the leading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD Birmingham, Eng. Phone Intervale 720 S. Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York We buy White Fish and Ciscoe Roe any quantity Best Market Prices. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE OO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. - - N.Y., oe U.S. SEABOARD TRADING COMPANY. CANNED AND SALT FISH IMPORT AND EXPORT 12 WATER ST. - NEW YORK. CABLE ADDRESS: | CODES: Lieber’s Improved at aeee A BC 5th Improved NEW YORK. J. K. Armsby’s 16 Sree “CANADIAN FISHERMAN _ Mareh, 1920. . W. Irving Atwood, Prest. N. D. Freeman, Treas. . W. Elmer Irving M. Atwood, Atwood. Vice-Prest. Sec'y and Mgr. “i ALL ACH USET VARIETIES BRAND «© OF THE FINNAN HADD SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass. - oe Ne eT ae ee E NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS sein 8? cons Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of “Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,” ‘‘Pacific Salmon Fisheries,’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,”’ “Lobster Fishery of Maine,” “The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,’’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited practically every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific i and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are not utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife : Red Snapper Caviar Crab 2 Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste . Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper . Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea : Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish : Squid ,Etc. Menhaden ae a Mullet ellowtal Pikes Etc., Etc. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. isherman, © Per 13% gals. br Operate Perfectly on Cheap Fuel Oils “ “ NO carburetor, batteries or magneto, “ ee pre-heating, blow torch, or hot surface. Simple, economical, sturdy. This engine can be run in- definitely at low speed, and then immediately speeded up to maximum power, Just the type needed “for fishermen where con- tinuous and severe service is essential, Starts instantly. 1 2 3 4 Representatives in Eastern Canada. PYKE MOTOR & YACHT CO., 371 St. James St., MONTREAL, CANADA, BURNOIL ENGINE COMPANY 1103 High St., South Bend, Ind., U.S.A. vue BURNOIL ENGINES— CANADIAN. PISH CO ee ee Se ae ee ee Mustod Salmon Hiooks Natural Size Blackor Bright. Right ia er ond Finish ERMAN 17 FISHERMEN Be on the look out and see that you use the right hooks! There is no use fishing with hooks which are not right in every respect. Mustad & Son, Christiania, have specialized in the ma- nufacture of fish hooks for the last fifty years and they can give you just the right ar- ticle as regards quality, tem- per, shape and finish. They are real ‘high line’’ fish hooks and are all sold under the trade mark of the ‘‘KEY BRAND.”’ Ask your outfitter for these hooks. Once you Manufactured have tried them you will OMustadeSon' Christionia. never go fishing again with- NORWAY, out the MUSTAD HOOK. Establ. 18352 Send for New Catalog show-. Clift Trolling Engines Clift Trolling En a ory are the standard engines for small fishing and work boats. Hundreds of these engines are giving dependable service in all parts of the world, which proves the superiority of Clift design and work- manship. The four cycle, valve in head construction makes for greater power and endurance at lowest possible operating cost. Clift Engines are built complete in the Clift factory and offer the greatest value, dollar for dollar, of any engine on the market. The equipment is com- plete and of the best quality—all water piping and propeller equipment is of brass. Trolling Engines are made in the following sizes: 4H.P. Single Cyl. 33x 4} 7 H.P. Single Cyl. 5” x 6” 8 H.P. Double Cyl. 3} x 44 15 H.P. Double Cyl. 5’ x 7” We can make Immediate Delivery CLIFT MOTOR CO. Designers and Manufacturers Bellingham, Washington, U. S. A. 7 H.P. 4 Cyele Valve in Head Tre aa Engine 100 to 650 R.FE Live Agents Wanted In All Territories 18 CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. ; fh q0PENING LIFE-BUOY L i aanecrian | ee a ee Fifty Years Suppieine The Canadian Fishermen With the experience and knowledge gained from these long years of service we are able to take care of your require- ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of :-— Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, Lamps of all types, Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. The House of Quality and Service we — ’ ZOD) NL wa s NK y, —— \ | W a BS ae SOT > ‘ jes | SAN oso \{)| [es i ae i &f— = * = awe Se Ww HERRING ’} = THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry. é 6 -, M4) 5 d & Sos ae =f i) XY | Ee be LY, IN i ! UA \\ 57 1121 1 mee we 4 CANNED ne: td ~~ => SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .... .. .. .. .. .. .. «se ss $1.00 Saeed Mintes and Wimewhere ..<. cu Veles nes 35) 40h es. oe ew sets. ce ee oe) BS payable in advance Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should be in the publisher’s hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. ; =——— H. W. Thompson, Western 205 Manager Telephone, Uptown 7773. Cc. P. R. Bldg., -_ King en : and Yonge F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative 528 Winch Bldg. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co., Limited J. J. Harpoll, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS - . Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que, — CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. FAIRBANKS - MORSE MARINE OIL ENGINES 30—200 H.P.—Operates economically on LOW PRICED FUEL OILS Medium Compression, Simplicity of Mechanism, Highest Standard of Construction, Positive Vari- able Speed Control, Specially Designed Reverse Gears, Low Fuel Cost, Low Maintenance Cost. Strength, Durability, Workmanship and Service all Guaranteed by Fairbanks-Morse Quality The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., Limited ‘‘Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods’’ DEPARTMENTS. SALES OFFICES Scale, Valve, Auto Accessory, Engine, Pump, fi Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Electrical, Machinery, Transmission, Rail- | \y Toronto, Hamilton, Windsor, Winnipeg, way and Contractors, Machine Shop Supply, | Saskatoon, Calgary, Vancouver, Marvel Mill, Pulp and Paper. Victoria. Il CANADIAN FISHERMAN FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE Editor Careful investigation into conditions at present obtaining in the salmon fisheries of British Columbia lead us to strongly urge the placing of an embargo upon the export of raw salmon for manufacturing There are numerous excellent reasons in favor of n embargo and very few of any moment against, but _ the sound economic principle of manufacturing one’s ‘raw products within the country of production must _ be the clear aim of Canadian capital, labor and ad- _ ministration. _ Canada is a country singularly endowed with won- ' derful natural resources in fisheries, minerals and tim- ber. It is not good policy for Canadians to ship these raw materials abroad to be finally manufactured in another country. By doing so we take but one pro- _ fit and employ only the actual producers. By manu- - facturing our raw materials into the finished pro- duct within our own borders the profits remain with- q in the country and a larger field of employment is. opened for the Canadian worker. _ The insatiable maw of our friendly neighbor to the - south absorbs huge quantities of Canadian raw ma- terials. These raw materials are manufactured there and either used in the United States or exported to _markets where they sell in competition with the Cana- dian manufactured production. ‘his is especially true with regard to British Col- | umbia Pink and Chum Salmon. These fish are pur- chased in high quantities by American canners; acked in Puget Sound canneries and are sold in the 1S. markets or in competition with Canadian packed fish in foreign markets. The American buyers, through cheaper production of their Alaska packs ‘and greater quantity of contracted pack, are able to er high prices for the British Columbia pinks and chums necessary to round out their exportable sur- plus of canned salmon. An embargo already exists on the export of Cana- dian sockeye salmon and Canadian canners can hold their own in foreign markets with all competitors in this particular fish, but in the case of pinks and chums—the fish we have to depend upon for the fu- ture existence of the Canadian salmon canning indus- try—the high prices bid by American canners greatly ineréase the cost of our domestic pack and militate against us in marketing our canned fish in competi- tion with thé Canadian produced and American pack- ed article. oe The American canners depend upon Canadian fish- ermen for a large quantity of chum salmon to supply their domestic and foreign trade. The Canadian packed chum salmon is practically excluded from the United States market by a tariff on manufactured fish and conditions’ in the American industry allow of their chum salmon being marketed abroad much more read- ily than ours. An embargo upon the export of Can- ddian salmon for manufacturing purposes is the only solution to this state of affairs. Such an embargo will give Canadjan canners a chance to manufacture and market these \fish themselves and rehabilitate the salmon canning industry. The argument has been advanced that the fisher- men will suffer through the elimination of American competition for the purehase of their raw fish. This contention does not hold, for, if the Canadian canners held the market through the placing of an embargo they would be in a position to pay as good a price as the American canner, and eventually, better. The whole question must be regarded by fishermen the Government, in its broadest aspect and in the 52 CANADIAN interests of the building up of Canadian manufactur- es. It does not pay to barter our birthright for a mess of pottage. Canada’s whole future as a nation hinges on the exploitation and manufacture of her natural resources. We do not want to be a nation of mere fishermen, miners and. lumbermen—looters of our natural resources working for the manufacturers and salesmen of other nations. If we are content to remain so through timidity in legislation and heed- lessness of the future we shall be false to the ideals of our pioneer forefathers who were bold in concep- tion, strong in their faith of Canada’s prospects, and quick to lay down economic principles for the sake of the nation and the generation to come. PLAN YOUR SUMMER VACATION TO TAKE IN THE CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION CONVENTION AT VANCOUVER, JUNE 83rd, 4th, _-and Sth. THE VANCOUVER FISHERIES CONVENTION IN JUNE. The Secretary of the Canadian Fisheries Associa- tion visited Vancouver in February to make arrange- ments for the Association Convention there on June 3rd, 4th and 5th. The Vancouver members of the Association, under the Chairmanship of Mr. A. L. Hager, have pledged themselves to a programme of entertainment which will be unexcelled by any previous Convention of the C.F.A.. A ladies Committee will be formed to enter- tain the wives of the delegates and automobile drives, cruises, teas, etc., will ensure that the lady visitors will be well looked after. An important business programme is being drawn up and many very interesting and instructive papers will be read and discussed by notable fishery authori- ties. Invitations are being sent to the Hon. C. C. Bal- lantyne, British, American, Newfoundland and Cana- dian fishery officials and scientists, and the City of Vancouver will extend an official welcome to the fish- ery delegates. A large number of members have signified their intention of going to Vancouver and the Association extends a hearty invitation to any person interested in the Canadian Fishing Industry to come along. Members of other Fishery organizations are invited to send delegates. It is tentatively proposed to travel right through to the Coast without stop-overs—picking up dele- gates at Montreal, Ottawa, Sudbury, Port Arthur, and Winnipeg. Arrival at Vancouver is timed for June 2nd—the day before the Convention opens. After the Convention closes, the delegates will be at liber- ty to travel home either direct or via Prince Rupert and it is hoped that many will avail themeselves of the opportunity to enjoy a wonderful sail up the Coast and a visit to the premier fishing port of the North Pacific. Arrangements will be made with the railroad companies for reduced fares, and all par- tieulars regarding the convention will be given by bulletins to members and in these columns. FISHERMAN CANADIAN FISHERIES COLLEGE UNDERWA The ideal, which has so often been mooted in the: columns of a School of Fisheries is now in a fair way to be realized. A grant of ten million dollars technical education has been made by the Federal — Government to be distributed through the Provineial — Governments, and Prof. Lester W. Gill has been ap- pointed as Director of Technical Education to ad- minister the grant. 5 While on the Pacifie Coast, the Secretary of » Canadian Fisheries Association was able to "eS Prof. Gill in the educational needs of the fishing i dustry and a visit was made to the College of Fisher- ies at Seattle. This College, established a year ago and under the administration of Prof. John N. Cobb, has proved a great success and has almost a hundred students enrolled. Prof. Cobb was enthusiastie over the prospects of the College and Seattle fishing in- terests are supporting the school in every possible manner—fully realizing the benefit of technical edu- cation to the fishing industry. : In Vancouver, Prof. Gill and Mr. Wallace succeed- ed in interesting the Pacifie members of the Associa- tion in a similar college for those engaged in the fish- eries of the Pacific coast of Canada and a strong com- mittee was appointed to go thoroughly into the mat- ter and prepare concrete plans for the establishmen of a Fisheries School. The suggestion is that the Fishing Industry in Brit- ish Columbia raise funds to build or purchase a suit- able building and equip it with the necessary appara- tus and furniture. The Government will be asked to undertake the maintenance and up-keep of the insti- tution through the Technical Education appropria- — tion and the Provincial Government will also assist. If the Industry will undertake to do this, there will be _ no difficulty in getting the Government aid for main- tenance of college and staff. 1 Two courses of study are suggested—on a short course of three months, and the other of four years. — The short course is intended for fishermen, foremen, superintendents, ete., and would be designed to gi instruction in the handling of fish, canning, euring, smoking, freezing and preparation of fish, some ns ural history and bacteriology, oceanography, navi- gation, use and repair of machinery and engines, ete. The four year course is designed for those who will — become managers of fish companies, research worker: fish hatchery officers and other oceupations ealling for a wider knowledge. “ie It is explained by Prof. Gill that the grant eann be given to a college administered under the auspices — of a University. The vocational college must be kept close to the industry it is training in order that men — will not be educated away from the job instead of to — the job. There is, however, no objection to such a col- lege co-operating and working in close harmony with a local University. The British Columbia Committee is composed of — Mr. F. H. Burke, Manager, Wallace Fisheries, Ltd., Mr Henry Doyle, Manager, Northern B.C. Fisheries Ltd.; Mr. J. Davis, Superintendent Canadian Fishing — Co., Ltd.; Dr. C. MeLean Fraser, Professor of Bio- — logy, Pacifie Biological Station. All these gentlemen — are convinced of the necessity for a school of tech- — x a CANADIAN ing for the fishing industry and they will or to have a report on the matter ready for m to the Association Convention in June. highly desirable that our Atlantic fishing in- ollow the lead of our Pacific friends and or the establishment of a fishery school in Hal- } that desideratum, an effort will be made terest Atlantic members. ‘YOU IN VANCOUVER! ALL THE LIVE IN THE INDUSTRY WILL BE THERE IN ‘ERRY MONTH OF JUNE, RNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FISHERIES gestion of the Canadian Fisheries Associa- an_ International Scientific Fisheries Council d for Fishery research and exploration of the grounds of North America—said Council to posed of members appointed by the Govern- of Canada, the United States and Newfound- ems to meet with very favorable considera- umber of Canadian and American fishery jentists and those engaged in the indus- pressed their approval of the idea and will ing with officials and others in the three and he is hopeful of being able to present x concrete to the Convention of the Associa- Vancouver Fishery officials, scientists, and men in the fishing industry of the three North 1 countries will be invited to attend and dis- matter and evolve a plan of action. endorsation of the suggestion by Canadian srs and American fishery Journals, the New Sun”’ in a recent editorial says :— of ‘the angler’s delight is exploration and - of shady pools unplumbed by other lead s, hidden streams where the trout play through ted sun and shadow under low-hanging branch- it the men who seek daily food for themselves ¢ hungry millions cannot waste long days in nit. They must know where the food is to em, and indeed, for all of us the Fisheries tion called to meet in Vancouver, B. C, on has a more than picturesque interest. Experts the United States, England and elsewhere have invited to attend. The plan is to form an inter- council. Part of its work will be to chart the ‘beds on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. 1 be discussion of the best way to regulate try through legal enactments. hs se labors affect in the end both the cost of and the satisfactions of life. Fish is more and oked upon not only as a pleasant variation m ut as a dependence.”’ EAL PLACE: FOR BUSINESS. AND 7. THE. O.P.A, CONVENTION WILL 7LD IN VANCOUVER, JUNE 3rd, 4th and Sth, \ONDERFUL PACIFIC COAST IN JUNE . FISHERMAN 58 INSPECTION OF CANNED FISH No person engaged in the export trade in Canadian fish products will deny that there is a pressing need for inspection of the goods before shipment out of the country. Whether this inspection will be nnder- taken by the Government or by the industry is not yet determined, but it must be carried on by one of the two as’soon as possible. How such inspection will be carried out effective- ly is a matter for considerable debate. Taking the ease of the salmon canning industry of British Col- umbia where the fish are packed in some seventy or eighty canneries scattered throughout the length and breadth of the Canadian Pacifie seaboard, it would be too costly and difficult a scheme to place an inspec- tor in every cannery for the duration of the fishing season. Also, to inspect cases of salmon in warehous- es by examining certain packs selected at random is by no means effective. It has been suggested, and the plan is worthy of consideration, that the Cannery Managers or Superin- tendents act as inspectors for the pack produced un- der their supervision. Each cannery would be num- bered and the number stamped on the can which would immediately identify the cannery producing same. By making the cannery manager responsible for the pack of his cannery, the canning of stale fish would be eliminated. No doubt, the manager would have to be suitably remunerated for the assumption of this responsibility. In the Atlantic fisheries a similar plan might be worked in connection with lobsters and other canned fish, and even to pickled and cured products. WHERE IS THE FISHERY STATISTICS REPORT FOR 1918? Here we are three months into 1920 and the Fisher- ies Statistics for 1919 have not yet been published. For the details of our fishery catch and values we are still consulting the Blue Book for 1917. Such tardi- ness in the publication of valuable reports show a lack of organization somewhere. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES REPORT FOR 1918, The Report of the Fisheries Department for 1919 has just been received from the King’s Printer. This is not the Statistical Report but merely a resume of the Department’s operations during the year. The reading of this Report is like delving into anci- ent history—a record of happenings that we have al- most forgotten—and the age of the report makes comment useless. We can only file it among the are- hives. This report for the year 1918 is received in March 1920. The Report of the U. S. Commissioner of Fish- eries for the year ended June 30th, 1919 was received by us before the end of that year. The British Colum- bia Fisheries Commissioner’s Report for the year 1918 was received last year. The whole industry is dissatisfied with the tardy publication of our Canadian Fishery Reports. 54 SERVICE. The motto of our well-beloved Prince of Wales 1s ‘““I SERVE.’ This may be applied to ourselves. The CANADIAN FISHERMAN is published to serve the fishing industry of Canada and ‘our motto is **'We Serve!’’ ‘Few people realize the power and influence of a well- established trade journal. Few newspapers can guide or reflect the opinions of industry as can a good trade or industrial magazine. The newspaper’s field is too general and is often politically biassed. The CANAD- IAN FISHERMAN has no politics, no interests in affairs outside of the fishing industry, and no ulterior motive but that of serving the Industry and develop- ing Canada’s fishery resources. We are now in our. seventh year of publication and we have kept pace with the times. Our first number was an issue of 42 pages: our present issues average 100 with special issues running to 180 pages. Our subscription price has not advanced since the first issue published in January 1914—in spite of the fact that costs of printing and paper and production have gone up tremendously. We have seen wonderful changes in the Canadian fishing industry since our establishment and we feel that we can justly claim to have done our part in such development work as has been done. When we first published the CANADIAN FISHERMAN, the Canad- ian fisheries were annually valued at $29,000,000. In 1918, the value was $60,000,000. The CANADIAN FISHERMAN desires to present the needs and requirements of the Canadian fishing industry in all its branches. The Editorial Staff can do some of this work but it cannot do all. No Editor can be expected to have an intimate knowledge of every phase of the far-flung fisheries of this vast coun- try. There are doubtless many features we have ne- glected and overlooked but the fault is not ours. lt is really the fault of you who knew what was wrong, or what was wanted, and who witheld the information by not presenting the story to the Editor. Our columns are always open to the presentation of any case and to constructive criticism. There_are many matters to be adjusted; many things to be done in our fisheries, but it is only by giving the subject publicity in the CANADIAN FISHERMAN that inter- est can be aroused and interests awakened. Our Motto is ‘‘We Serve!’’ Make use of our ser- vice! IF YOUR HEART IS IN THE FISHING INDUS. TRY OF CANADA AND ITS DEVELOPMENT YOU WILL BE IN VANCOUVER IN JUNE, CANADIAN FISHERMAN. FISHERIES PUBLICITY WORK The Publicity Division of the Fisheries Department, Ottawa are arranging an essay competition among the school children of Canada. The subject will be ‘‘Can- ada’s Fisheries’ and prizes will be given for the most intelligent papers on the matter. A similar competi- tion is being held among the Domestie Science class- es of Canadian schools on the value of fish as a food and the proper preparation of fish for the table. Any plan which will tend to educate the young people of Canada to the potentialities of our fisheries is to be commended and we believe the essay competition a- mong school children to be a good move, PISCATORIAL PARAGRAP] Mr. J. W. Nicholls of the Canadian Fish and Storage Co., Ltd., Prince Rupert, B.C. joined edicts on Feb. 16th. Our best wishes go to olls and the lady of his choice. eee Export trade in Canadian fish produe tries other than the United States and Chi much affected at present by the adverse justment and Canadian exporters, like ers, are wondering as to the future. It seems to be pretty obvious that hulme’s great fishery enterprises in H the purpose of securing huge supplies o use in the great Lever soap manufa has it that his Lordship has secured a - odorizing fish oils and rendering same the manufacture of soaps, oleo and other The suggested council for Scientifie | search in North American waters by an composed of members composed by the U Canada and Newfoundland appears to orably received by those interested in the ing industry. The Canadian Fisheries hope to secure the co-operation of the interested and have the Council or © ganized at the Convention to be held ir June 1920. The motor trawler ‘‘Jutland’’ is thou been lost at sea either through collision or ir explosion. Two dories belonging to the vesse picked up by the Halifax steam trawler ‘Ler 100 miles S8.S.E. of Halifax on March 11th, a body of the ‘‘Jutland’s’’? mate was found in the boats. The ill-fated trawler was a we of recent construction powered by oil en; carried a erew of twenty-two men. The ‘‘ Ju owned and operated by the La Have Ff and fished out of Liverpool, N.S. Last the wooden trawler ‘‘Promotion,’’ also fi Liverpool, was run down and sunk on Two valuable trawlers have thus been the Canadian fishing fleet within the past While two trawlers have been lost re among the Atlantic fishing fleets, other still going ahead in Canada. The motor ‘‘M.F.B,.”’ is fishing out of Halifax; Leonard Limited, are operating the ‘‘Baleine;’’ Maritime Corporation, Limited, Shave ‘the ‘‘Rayondor’ “Corrie Roy’’ fishing out of Canso, Lt have the ‘‘Orontes’’, while the National — Co,, are operating the ‘‘Lemberg’’ and ‘VY, ta.’’ A new wooden steam trawler, the ‘‘Bernard is fitting out in Yarmouth and will be com: by Capt. Clayton Morrissey—well-known as a salt fisherman, : eS e rie ks P 1 4 ’ Uy | Meee 3 filer tle steam drifter ‘‘Thirty-Three,’’ owned by eral Fisheries Department and used for ex- in drift-net fishing, is for sale at Canso, e drifter was brought out: from Scotland ars ago and made her headquarters in Canso. A. Paulhus, Chairman of the C.F.A. Publicity e is making a collection of fish posters, advertising pamphlets, etc., for a Publicity at the Vaneouver Convention. The trade ed to send Mr. Paulhus samples of any adver- matter that have gotten out in order that it ed in the exhibit. Exchange of views on adver- tunts’’ will benefit the industry as a whole. YOU IN VANCOUVER AT THE C.F.A. gNTION IN JUNE! RECENT FISHERIES LEGISLATION. 7th. All streams tributary to Red Deer River, iver, Elbow River, Old Man River, Old Bow and Highwood River, Province of Alberta, to be irt from all fishing for two years after May lst, ntic Fishing Bounty Act amended, to read as dian registered vessels, owned and fitted out mada, of ten tons and upwards (up to eighty by whatever means propelled contained within aselves, which have been exclusively engaged period of not less than three months in the of sea fish, other than shellfish salmon or shad, | taken in rivers or mouths of rivers, shall be to a bounty to be calculated on the registered which shall be paid to the owner or owners; that whether the ownership of such vessel anged or not during. the fishing seasor, said shall be paid once only during each season, r a claim for the first three months fishing moreover if such vessel be under charter, the x shall, unless otherwise determined by the party or other written contract made between » Owner and charterers, be deemed to be the owner the purposes of this and the succeeding paragraph » regulations and entitled to be paid the said provided further that vessels known as 1 trawlers’’ operating ‘‘beam,’’ ‘‘otter’’ or such trawls, shall not be eligible for any such ose Abe ALTER LAMBERT OPENS NEW OFFICE ir. Walter Lambert, Hon. Naval Architect to the dian Fisheries Association and formerly Asst. stor of Steel Shipbuilding of the Imperial Muni- Board, is opening an office at 14 Place Royale, ‘ontreal and re-commencing business as, a Consult- g Naval Architect, Vessel Designer, Insurance and lvage Inspector, and agency for ship’s engines and mbert has recently returned from a trip to Britain and France where he visited the lead- , shipbuilding yards and secured several agencies. OUVER ON JUNE 3rd, 4th, and Sth. CANADIAN FISHERMAN ON’? FORGET YOU HAVE A DATE IN VAN-: on 3 | LETTERS TO THE EDITOR. Ottawa, Feb. 6, 1920. To the Editor, “‘Canadian Fisherman.’’ Dear Sir, The ‘‘Canadian Fisherman’’ for January, just re- ceived is full of good ideas, but at the present, time I wish to refer more particularly to your article head- ed ‘‘Standardization and inspection of cur fish urgent- ly needed.”’ As a reader I endorse every word of this heading, although I do not entirely agree with much that is written in the subject. In the distribution of fish there are two principal classes interested. The firm which makes the ship- ment from the producing point, commonly called the Producer and the Retailer, who hands the goods over to the consumer and is in a position to have all the complaints, ete. which crop up from time to time. Unfortunately the retailer has to be _ satis- fied (and this I say deliberately) with - the quality and standardization of fish which the afore- said producer feels like shipping. It is interesting to read ‘‘that President........ and Secretary Wall- ace of the C. F. A. had an informal interview with the Hon. C. C. Ballantyne and strongly urged that something be done.’’. These officials of the C. F. A. have done much to improve conditions in the fishing industry, but as a retailer, it seems to me, however, that it should no more be necessary to legislate Producers into standard- izing many of their lines, than it is to make the citizen of a free country a “‘puppet’’ by Act of Parliament. To mention a few items which might be standardiz- ed so that a retailer would know what to expect when he places an order. Of course, as you are aware much . of the fish business, that is, the placing of orders is done by telegram and much is left to the good-will or otherwise, of the producer. What weight of fish am I entitled to expect when I order Tom-Cods by the barrel? When I order Extra Smelts of No. 1’s and No. 2’s what sized fish am I to expect? When I receive a quotation for small Haddocks and for larger Haddocks at a higher price, should I be satisfied with so called large Haddock which do not average 214 pounds each? Again should any retail fish dealer be satisfied with from 10 to 15 per cent less weight than his invoice calls for and in addition pay the express charges on what he does not receive? These questions are all of vital interest to the re- tailer who has been much too easy in charging up his weights. All these questions have been brought to the atten- tion of the C. F. A. and promises have been made to have the standardization discussed by the executive. If they have ever discussed the matter nothing has come of their deliberations, but if the Producers, and I refer more particularly to the Atlantic Coast man, wish to build up a strong domestic demand for their goods they must give the retailer what he is justly entitled to. To do this, it should not be necessary to have Par- liamentary legislation. Yours truly, T, W. C. BINNS. 56 ‘ CANADIAN SOOT Sore sss wa FISHERMAN . Mareh, 1920. Seeman KAS Waitt The Ontario Government Fish Sales Policy STRONG PROTEST BY HUNDREDS OF ONTARIO FISHERMAN At the last Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association held in Halifax in August 1918, the case of the Ontario fishermen was presented to the mem- bers and a resolution was passed by the Association ‘‘protesting against the injustice of the Ontario Gov- ernment Fish Sales policy which was so detrimentally affecting the fishery interests of the Province.’’ This resolution and many other similar protests were laid before the Hearst Government but to no avail. With the defeat of the Government responsible for the establishment of the Fish Sales Branch, the Ontario fishermen, and the Canadian Fisheries Association co- operating in their behalf, held a meeting in January and passed a resolution petitioning the new Govern- ment to discontinue the Fish Sales Branch. A deleg- ation waited upon the Hon. F. G. Biggs, Minister of Public Works and Fisheries, and laid the resolution and ease of the fishermen before him. Mr. Biggs, being new to the office, was not au fait with the pre- vious activities of his predecessor in the fish business, but promised a sympathetic consideration of the On- tario fishermen’s petition. In February it was announced that the new Govern- ment would continue the operation of the Fish Sales Branch, but they would not demand any of the catch of the independent fishermen. This was a concession, but the injurious principle—that of Government com- petition with private fishermen in the marketing of their fish—-was maintained in spite of well founded arguments that such did not benefit the Ontario pub- lic and the war-time necessity for a wholesale fish distribution no longer existed. The Canadian Fisheries Association, following up their Halifax Convention resolution in the effort to eliminate the ill-advised principle of Government oper- ation of industry, endeavors to show the Ontario Fish- éries Department a logical reason for discontinuing the Fish Sales Branch entirely and with that object, the following petition signed by over eight hundred Ontario fishermen operating in all Lake waters has beén recently presented to the Provincial Government. “THE UNDERSIGNED FISHERMEN of the PRO VINCE OF ONTARIO Respectfully petition the pres ent Government to cease commercial fishing and deal ing in fish, for the following reasons: (1) No justifiable economic or publicly beneficial reason now exists for continued Government operation of a Fish Sales Branch. As a War Measure, such Branch may have justified its existence, but with the conclusion of hostilities, Government operation of a Fish Sales Branch constitutes unfair competition with private fishermen and dealers. (2) The Government operation of a fishery in the virgin waters of Lake Nipegon, where fish cost very little to produce, and the marketing of such low cost fish in competition with fish produced at much higher cost by independent fishermen in the Great Lakes— said fishermen paying tolls and licenses to the Gov- ernment for the privilege of fishing—creates a situ- ation which is manifestly unfair. (3) The consuming public of Ontario haye really received no benefit from the Government Fish Sales policy. The alleged saving in the price of fish to the consumer, it will be found upon analysis, has amounted to nothing which justifies a continuation of the pol- icy. Those who have benefitted are a few persons © privileged to fish Lake Nipegon; the middle-man, who distributes the fish, and the retailer, who, with few exceptions, charges several cents per pound more than the supposed Government fixed price to the Consumer, or, who sells a few pounds to the Ontario consumer and ships large quantities to the United States market for higher prices. ; (4) At the present time it has been found that the publie are not taking advantage of low priced fish to reduce living costs—the demand is for the high priced and expensive varieties. The Fish Trade of Canada are in a position to fill the markets with excellent low priced fish but there is no demand for such. In view of this facet, which can be substantiated upon inves- tigation, there can be no justification for the eontinu- ation of a Government Fish Sales Branch. We, therefore, respectfully ask the present Govern- ment to diseontinue their present Fish Sales Policy, and we feel confident that we will receive sympa- thetic consideration of out petition.”’ The Association have strong hopes that this petit- ion will be considered and that the Ontario Govern- ment will relinquish their fish sales and distribution policy. To the fishing of Lake Nipegon as a means of revenue to the Fisheries Department, the Associ- ation takes no exeeption, but it is suggested that the fishery there be thrown open to tender and that the department collect a sufficient royalty from the fish caught to equalize the cost of fish produeed from the other lakes where cost of production is necessarily greater. “Mareh, 1920. . CANADIAN-FISHERMAN 57 Some Reasons Why The Pacific Salmon Fishermen Should Support An Embargo on Raw Fish & ae AT LARGE AS COMPARED TO WHAT THE FISHERMEN ALONE OBTAIN FROM THE PRESENT EXPORT PRIVI- , LEGE. During the season of 1919 the total quantity of salmon exported from District No. 1 was 88,384 ewts., or approximately 1,104,800 fish. At an average of 10 fish to the case this would produce 110,000 cases of canned salmon. If we suppose the price paid by American buyers was 10 cents per fish more than Canadian buyers offer- ed, the additional sum received by the fishermen would be $110,480. This represents the total benefit the people of the Province received out of the free export of our raw fish. The number of fishermen operating in District No. 1, in 1919 was 1,337 and to them would go the $110,- 480 mentioned above. BUT OF THIS NUMBER 873 WERE JAPANESE, WHO ARE BRITISH SUBJECTS ™N NAME ONLY. AND WHO SEND THEIR EARN. INGS TO JAPAN INSTEAD OF using them for the development of British Columbia. The bulk of the extra price they receive for their fish is lost to the country just as much as is the fish that is exported in a raw state. The White and Indian Fishermen of District No. 1, in 1919, numbered 464 and their share of the $110.480, extra price paid by the Americans was $38.342. This money stays in the country AND IT ALONE REPRE- SENTS THE GAIN THE PEOPLE OF CANADA RE. CEIVE FROM THE FREE EXPORT OF OUR RAW FISH. On the other hand what would be spent in Canada for labour alone if these fish were canned here in- stead of exported to be canned in the United States by our American competitors? The figures given be- low are in some eases estimated but their approximate eorrectness can be easily verified. 4c¢ per case tax by Dominion Government.. 4,400 4c per case tax by Provincial Government..$ 4,400 30e per case tax paid in wages to White Can- nery Employees 50¢ per case tax paid in wages to other Can- l DIRECT BENEFITS TO THE COMMUNITY e 33.000 SIE MN ine re vs bieve + 06 05 aie 55,000 10¢ per case paid for board of Cannery eim- hg a eee i ost A 1,000 Oe per ease paid for labour of can factory Em- et Sed Clie ein ey shee yy 11,000 15¢ per case paid for labour of box factory POPOV OCR Sn diane oui OES ss cla dee 16.500 Estimated earnings of labour of machine shop and other employees..................-: 10,000 Estimated earnings of cordwood, coal & other DEOL PEOCUCORG: 3) oF eee oe Be 5,000 Estimated cost of freight and handling charges paid for transporting packs from ean- neries to Vancouver...... 0. ....... 02025 10,000 Estimated total of taxes and labour earnings $160,300 THESE ITEMS COVER TAXES AND LABOUR EARNINGS ONLY. . Nothing is shown for profits to the Cannery owners, can factory owners, sawmills, machine shops, or other supplies of the materials used in connection with canning operations, although the profits made by these various companies would largely be spent in British Columbia. It will be seen from the above that our White Fishermen benefit from the free exportation of raw fish to the extent of $38,342, but in doing so deprive other labourers in this Prov- ince of at least $160,300. Surely when asking the Government to limit fishing licenses for their protec tion our fishermen should agree to an embargo on the export of raw fish that would enable these other wage earners to share in the benefits they wish for them. selves. In District No. 3 results are harder to determine as most of the fish were taken with purse seines. Only the number of seines licensed appear in the Govern- ment returns. The actual number of men employed and their nationality is not shown, but here again it is known that THE JAPANESE LARGELY PREDO. MINATE. The quantity taken by seines and gill nets combined was 1,497,915 fish. At 10 fish to:the case. this would pack 149,791 cases. On the same basis as in Distriet No. 1 packing these 149,791 cases in British Columbia would produce fo: taxes and labourers alone, the sum of $218,694.86, WHICH IS LOST TO THE PROVINCE TO-DAY. In addition we have lost the revenue the cannery owners and allied industries would derive from the business. At 10c per fish extra price received from American buyers the fishermen’s gain through the free export of raw fish would be $149,792, and from this should be deducted the portion obtained by the Japanese since their earnings like the raw fish, are shipped out of the country, 58 THE PRICES PAID IN CANADA WOULD P4 BE FULLY AS GOOD AS AMERICAN bs ' BUYERS CAN PAY AS SOON AS CON- DITIONS BECOME STABILIZED. At the present time American packers put up ap- proximately 500,000 cases more Chum salmon than the United States consumes, and this surplus is exported to foreign countries—largely to Italy, Australasia, and the Orient. Through the larger packs they put up and the cheap fish they get from their traps and seines in Alaska they ean afford to offer B. C. fishermen prices which Canadian canners are unable to meet. BUT A GOOD PROPORTION OF THEIR 500,000 CASES SURPLUS IS PACKED WITH FISH CAUGHT IN BRITISH COLUMBIA WATERS. If through an embargo we prevented their securing our fish it would mean American packers could not supply foreign buy- ers with all their requirements, and the orders would come to Canada instead. Once we had this market in our own hands Canadian packers could pay as much for the raw materials as American packers now pay, so while for one, or possibly two years B. C. fish- ermen would not do as well, ultimately they would get from B. C. eanners as much if not more for their fish than ‘American buyers could offer them. This is proved by the fact that despite the embargo that exists on the exportation of Sockeye salmon the aver- age price paid for sockeyes in B. C. is much higher than it is in the U. S. We have our share of the export trade in sockeye and when we can get our share of the export trade in Chum the results will be equal- ly satisfactory to, the fishermen as regards the prices paid them for raw fish. Scientific investigations has demonstrated that all salmon held without ice for 48 hours after being taken from the water should not be canned as they are unfit for canning purposes. Practically all the B. C. salmon bought by American buyers are shipped without ice to their destination and in nearly all cases more than 48 hours elapse be- fore they are put in the tins. The salmon caught in their own waters are fresher when canned and are therefore much superior when put on the market. The U. S. laws compel packers to state on the label what country the fish originated in. All the fish we sell them is put up under labels that read ‘‘ British Columbia Chums (or Cohoes, or Pinks as the ease may be) packed on Puget Sound.’’ Thus a foreign hnver getting this canned salmon from them and comparing it with the American home product will eondemn B. C. fish as an inferior article. We cannot expect to compete with American canned salmon until our fish is packed in Canadian waters ,and when we do pack it here our reputation for Chums should exceed theirs the same as we exceed them to-day in packing Sockeyes. 2. OUR SUPPLY BEING EXTERMINATED WHILE THEIRS 18 BEING BUILT UP. About 75 per cent of the chum salmon caught in American waters are packed in Alaska and so stren- nous have fishing operations been carried on that the authorities predict actual extermination if greater protection is not given the fish. So marked has the depletion been that some waters have already been AMERICAN SUPPLIES OF RAW FISH ARE BECOMING EXHAUSTED. FREE EX- PORT OF B.C. FISH WILL RESULT IN CANADIAN FISHERMAN. absolutely closed to all fishing in the hope of restor- ing the runs by this means, and in the Fe ry 1920 issue of the Pacific Fisherman will be found a Com- mission’s Report recommending still further restri tions. These include not only a weekly close 60 hours, but additional close time in » last days of the duration of the runs. | By these drastie resolutions our American competi- tors hope to restore their fisheries. But in curtailing — their fishing they are curtailing their production a well, and will thus lose control of the world’s mark To avoid this they are coming to B. C. for su and UNLESS THE EXPORT OF RAW FISH IS F BIDDEN OUR FISHERIES WILL SHORTLY BE - DEPLETED AS THEIRS ARE TO-DAY. Th brands and their products will continue to hold trade and we will be responsible for presery monopoly for them against the time when the restored fisheries will give them a new sup) pendent of British Columbia. The Americans cut down the forests of the Sea-board to grind into pulp for making paper. day these forests are exhausted and their pulp ) dismantled and idle. They cut down the fores Wisconsin and Minnesota to produee met timber, and to-day even the water logged the river bottoms have been recovered and effort to keep their mills operating. The t sources of the Pacific Coast were being — fast that their Government in alarm establis forest reserves and are spending ‘thous thousands of dollars in efforts of re-fore while waiting for these supplies of their o become available, what are our American doing? They are using up the pulp and ~ sources of Canada because we have no et the export of these raw products, and they ing the world’s markets at our expense beca too ‘‘penny wise and pound foolish’’ to p own interests. } ie tin th We let them take our pulp wood and our logs; the raw product of our mines; and of | eries; but they put up tariff walls against ished products, and they keep down the p farmers receive for hay and grains, for po other roots, for milk, butter, eggs and a products. They give millions of dollars each year American labourers to work up the raw produets secure from Canada, and we Canadians let our industries become exhausted; our labourers prived of these millions in wages; and our velopment become retarded because we are too or too selfish to see that what is good for the number as best for the individual as well. © prosperity is but temporary if we drive our f citizen from the country because we are too gras for ourselves to consider his needs. We live on eat other and for each other; the canner is dependent the fisherman; the fisherman on the net maker, the net maker on the farmer who produces the flax; ¢ labourers for our supplying industries, in their turn, are likewise dependent upon us. We are each but lin in the chain of our national life. We cannot ign the faet that the chain’s strength depends on eg link remaining sound, and the labour link in the chat of Canadian prosperity must become weakened if it is worn down from the rust of non-employment through the export of our natural resources in the shape raw materials. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 59 FISH CURING / By J. J. COWIE | Sez The fillet is a strip of fresh fish which, after the skin and bones have been removed from it, it lightly smoked. It is usually made from the side part of a medium sized cod, a very large haddock, pollock, hake, - eusk, or any other round fish that may be found suit- able. Filleting is what may be called one of the fine arts - of fish curing, and the worker, in order to accom- _ plish it with the necessary neatness and speed, must - have a high degree of skill and practice in the use of a fish knife. The practice of filleting fish in Canada in the course of the past eight or ten years, has done much to increase the consumption of certain varieties of fish, which treated in other ways or mar- _keted in a fresh condition were not previously very greatly in demand. Fish can be filleted in different ways, but the me- thod most commonly practised, and which perhaps gives the best results, may be described as follows:— In the first place, the head and entrails are re- - moved just as if the fish were to be split and dried in the ordinary way. Then, after washing, the fins on both the back and the front are cut out by running the point of the knife along both sides of each fin a little below the skin. The tail fin should be left to give a grip in the later skinning process. The fish should next be split, and the main bone removed. The thin or belly part on each should then be eut away, and every small bone in the flesh of the split - fish taken out. When that has been neatly and com- pletely done the fish should be separated into two halves by running the point of the knife down the centre. Very careful splitting is necessary in order that as little flesh as possible may be left on the bone. The skin should now be removed. It is done in this way: Place one of the separated halves on a table, skin down and hold it by the tail in the left hand, then enter the knife between the flesh and the skin, and work it forward with the edge close to the skin until the two are completely separated. x The fillet thus becomes a longish piece of pure white e: _ flesh with something of a triangular shape. _ ___ The Fillets are now ready for colouring and pickling. es They are not coloured entirely by smoke, however, like finnan haddies or unskinned fish. If they were hung in a smokehouse and submitted to smoke for the length of time necessary to give them sufficient col- our, it would be almost impossible to prevent them & Fillets are, therefore, colored by a harmless vegetable from becoming so dry and hard as to be unsalable.. _ Gye. Arnotto, or as it is commonly called, Annatto | Smoked Fillets dye, is generally used. The dye should be mixed with pure water in the proportion of about one-third of a gallon of dye to about three gallons of water. The proportion of dye may be inereased in accordance with the amount of colour desired. The fillets should not be allowed to remain in the mixture. They should simply be dipped in it. After being dipped in the dye the fillets are placed in clean newly made pickle of the usual strength, and allowed to remain therein for about thirty miutes, The fillets are then placed in a smokehouse and dried, without fires, for about - an hour and a half. Fires of hardwood chips and saw- dust are then lit, in the smoke of which the fish are allowed to remain for about two hours. Fillets are not hooked up or spitted on rods for smoking like’ other fish. They are carefully and evenly laid across two or more thin steel rods. Needless to say the rods should be kept perfectly clean and free from dust. As may be judged from the lightness of the salting and smoking, fillets are cured for almost immediate consumption, and they can only be kept in good con- dition for any length of time in a chilled atmos- phere. They are marketed in the familiar finnan had- die hoxes. GLOUCESTER FISH LANDINGS. January 1, 1920—February 29, 1920. Pounds Pounds Pounds Diriahis Ghee 5s, Ses 373,290 812,641 215,491 PORE ARN SSE ss ews 1,540 115 Hetibiteae aii! Sass 477 90,678 667 Haddock . . . . . . . 277,180 555,155 =: 164,537 Hake eRe: 34,825 1,250 31,204 Gidler. teeshiiig oi ist 5,795 7,492 13,684 Pollock... . . . ... 410,934 504,835 312,423 Flitches'. . . bak 85 Not Product of U. 8. ie Disheriog we Kat. 822,001 2,264,512 1,418,648 1,926,042 4,236,763 2,156,654 Frozen Herring . 81800 lbs. Salt Herring . 2,079bbls. 3,345bbls. 23334bbls. Bulk Herring ..6,801bbls. 2,291,757 Ibs. Cured Fish 900 qtls. 3,514qtls. 937 qtls. TOTAL: 1919—7,626,228 Ibs. TOTAL: 1920—4,418,641 Ths “SEE YOU IN VANCOUVER!” IS THE HIGH SIGN. 60 CANADIAN March, KISHERMA-N 1920. cil i | wh i “ACN TONE ie np 4 i ; i : uu = =a LT —— —— a Review of the Foreign Fishery Trade of the United States By HUGH SMITH, United States Commissioner of Fisheries In the phenomenal development of our general foreign trade, the fisheries have played an important and unique role; and in the international adjustments now in progress or in contemplation the international movement of fishery products deserves careful con- sideration at the hands of the American fishery in- terests. A glance at some of the historical features of the foreign fishery trade of the United States may not be inappropriate or unprofitable as an antecedent to a consideration of present and future problems. Water products have from colonial days occupied a prominent place in our national commerce. While such products do not rank in value with the output of our farms, our forests and our mines, yet the ex- tent of the foreign trade in these commodities is re- latively large by comparison with the extent of the fishing industries. The great abundance of fish on our shores had an important influence on the early colonization and growth of the United States; and in the early export trade of the country fishery products were very con- spicuous. In 1774, one-sixth of the value of all exports represented dried cod. Thirty years later, when the country’s exports totaled about $41,500,000, cod alone amounted to $2,400,000. During all the early years of the republic the ex- ports of fishery products exceeded the imports. Year after year, in an unbroken procession there was rolled up in a very substantial balance of trade, which was at its maximum in the years 1844 to 1847. It was not until the year after the Civil War that, for the first time, the balance of fishery trade turned against us and then for only a single year. In 1864 and again in 1884 the same thing happened. All these cases were due to the effect of tariff regulation on the fish- ery trade between the United States and Canada. For more than 60 years after the revolution the im. ports of fishery products were comparatively insigni- ficant. At no time prior to 1839 did the imports for consumption reached $100,000. The growth of the import trade from that time on has been steady, reaching $417,000, in 1850, $2,685,000 in 1870, $5,800,000 in 1890, and $17,000,000 in 1910. In 1891 there began a defi- nite balance of imports over exports, and this relation has continued up to the present time. General Extent of Fishery Trade. The total foreign fishery trade of the United States in the last pre-war year amounted to a little over $33,000,000. The imported fishery articles had a value of approximately $20,000,000 and the exports were valued at $13,000,000. These figures for 1914 may be regarded as representing the condition and extent of the trade in a normal year, The great war wrought a material change in our fishery trade. Taking the calendar year 1918 as the culminating stage of the foreign commerce as affected by war, it appears that the value of imports of fishery products then reached $31,910,000, while the exports - amounted to $30,435,000, a total of $62,345,000, nearly a one hundred per cent advance over 1914, The country on which we depend for much the largest part of the fishery products we import is Ca- nada, which furnishes especially fresh salmon and halibut, fresh and salt eod, herring and mackerel, fresh and canned lobsters and fresh fish from the in- terior waters. Japan enjoys a virtual monopoly in supplying us with canned crab meat. Various coun- tries of Western Europe, especially the Netherlands, Norway, England and Scotland send us large quanti- ties of pickled herring and mackerel. France, Portugal and Norway eater particularly to our demand for sardines and sprats canned in oil. The countries which are the chief consumers of our exports of fishery products are Canada for miseel- laneous fresh fish; Cuba, Haiti and San Domingo for salted cod; England, Canada, Australia, Brazil and the Philippine Islands for canned salmon, and England and Canada for oysters. Fishery Import Trade Notwithstanding the wonderful development of our matchless fishery resources, it has been necessary largely to-supplement’ the domestic production, and we have in recent times been going far and wide for food, and other commodities derived from the watérs. The principal part of this import trade is in articles which are yielded by our own waters but are not now taken in sufficient quantities to meet the demand. A part of this trade is induced by the firmly established tastes and special needs of our foreign-born. popula- tion. An-anomalous feature which in time will doubt- less be correeted, is the importation, often from remote places and at great expense, of products that are afforded by our local waters, but are either not now caught or are not prepared in the particular form in which the foreign markets provide them.and in which our consumers demand them, A eurious instance of roundabout practices in our fish trade is seen in the importation for the large oriental population of San I'raneiseo, Seattle, New York and Boston of dried ‘ March, 1920, ° CANADIAN squid from ‘China, much of it exported thence from _ Japan, whereas the local American waters abound with the same kind of creatures. Another case of this kind was the former importation from Germany of agar- agar made in Japan from the identical species of sea- weed that occur on both our Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Surveying the situation in 1914 as affording the best criterion of normal conditions, we find that fresh fish constitute one of the most valuable classes of fishery imports. An overwhelming proportion of these fresh fish naturally come from Canada, with small quantities from England, Mexico and Newfoundland. _ Fresh fish entering the United States from abroad in - 1914 aggregated about 70,000,000 pounds, worth over _ $3,130,000, of which 66,600,000 pounds, worth over $3,000,000, come from Canada. Under the stimulus of the ‘‘eat more fish’’ campaigns conducted through- out the United States in connection with the war, the consumption of both domestic and imported fish fish greatly increased, and in the calendar year 1918 there were brought to our markets from abroad up- __ ward of 110,870,000 pounds of fresh fish, having a value of -of $8,810,000. Canada contributing about 100,000,000 pounds of this amount. -__—- Gured cod and other fish of the cod family are ex- tensively imported from Canada, Newfoundland and western Europe. The quantity arriving in 1914 was more than 40,000,000 pounds valued at over $2,000,000. By far the largest consignments came from Canada, but Denmark, Norway, The Nethefiands and New- foundland sent considerable shipments. Under the unusual conditions prevailing in 1918, the receipts of this class of fish increased to $84,800,000 pounds, worth $7,100,000, Importations from Europe almost entirely disappeared, but Japan, attracted by the a high prices, sent 1,650,000 pounds of salted cod to our market. 3 4 Pickled sea herring is one of the more important and popular of the imported fishery products, A very extensive trade is carried on with western Europe oy and Canada, and in 1914 the total receipts exceeded 100,000,000 pounds, valued at $3,600,000. The largest supply aggregating 29,640,000 pounds and valued at $1,236,000, came from Scotland, followed by The Netherlands, Canada and Norway. During the war the receipts from Europe declined and their ‘place was partly taken by _ increased shipments from Canada and Newfoundland, particularly the latter. 4 Sinee the sudden decline in the American mackerel fishery beginning in 1887, all other producing coun- tries on the Atlantic seaboard have been called on to to supply our demand for salted mackerel. The im- ports of mackerel in 1914 were upward of 31,000 pounds of salt fish, valued at $1,720,000, Norway, Sweden, England, Ireland and Canada being the prin- ' & i ries of export. Zs re ao toe of peated products, pee, Povtuaes 4 rway have been the chief contributors of sar- orien rate of crab meat, and Canada of lobsters. In 1918, both crab meat and lobster imports had a higher value than in any year prior to the war, but the re- __eipts of fish canned in oil, that in 1914 were valued : at more than $3,000,000 from European countries, fell i away to barely $100,000. Canned spiny lobsters or __ yoek lobsters from British South Africa figured rather largely in the import returns in pre-war years and - may be expected to resume their place with the return . ‘of normal industrial conditions. FISHERMAN 61 Of the remaining fishery products that enter pro- minently into our import trade, mention may be made of fresh lobsters, of which many million pounds come from Canada; fresh spiny lobsters, entering the Cali- fornia markets from Mexico, and cod-liver oil and other fish oils coming chiefly from Norway, Canada and Newfoundland. Features of the Export Trade : In pre-war times, our exports of miscellaneous fresh fish were for the most part neglible. In 1914, we sent about 5,000,000 pounds of fresh fish to Canada, mostly from Alaska and Washington, 855,000 pounds to Cuba and 340,000 pounds to Germany, the total shipments beings about 6,500,000 pounds, valued at $366,000. In 1918 this trade increased to nearly 9,000,000 pounds, valued at $832,000, and the leading feature of the increase was the shipment of over 2,000,000 pounds to England. Among the most widely distributed of our fishery exports are the dried cod and other ‘‘ground fish,’’ product of the New England and Alaskan fisheries. These go to all continents, but the trade is by far most important with the countries of North and South America, and it is to these same countries that we must look for encouragement in the growth of this particular branch of the fishery trade. Of a total of 5,156,000 pounds of such fish exported in 1914, valued at $395,000, North America took 2,900,000 pounds and South America 1,300,000 pounds. Our best markets are Cuba, Haiti, San Domingo and Brazil; but practically every other country south of the United States is perpetually hungry for this kind of preserved fish, and naturally looks to us to supply all or a large part of that demand. The fact that we have not in recent years played a pro- minent role in this respect may be explained by the active demand in the home markets and by our failure to seize the opportunity for competing with other countries that produce relatively or actually larger quantities of such fish than we do. In the industrial readjustments now in progress, we should not lose sight of this ready market for our surplus fish, especially the less faney grades that may be in less demand at home, and we should consider the possi- bility of diverting to this Central and South American market, from both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, large quantities of comparatively neglected fish with which it should be entirely feasible to build up a large business by employing proper methods of advertising and by adapting the prepared product to the local needs and preferences. It seems likely that the North and South -Ameri- ean markets for this kind of fish, which has been sup- plied to a considerable extent from the fisheries of western Europe, will be unable for some years at least to secure from that source the same supplies as here- tofore, owing to the more insistent demand in Europe itself. The marked augmentation of this trade during the war, while, of course, purely the result of temporary and abnormal conditions, indicates the possibilities to which our producers and shippers may aspire. Thus, in 1918, the exports of crude cod, haddock, hake, and pollock, aggregated 31,400,000 pounds, worth $4,221,- 000. A prominent factor in this increase was the con- signment of more than 13,000,000 pounds to Italy; but various countries of Central and South America took 62 ; CANADIAN FISHERMAN larger supplies from us than formerly, presumably be- cause other sources were cut off or impaired, and Cuba inereased her consumption more than ten times over 1914. ; By far the largest fish item in our export trade is canned salmon, which, owing to its excellence and to the convenience with which it may be handled, is not only the most widely distributed of all American fishery products, but is, no doubt more generally known and used that any other product of the waters of the world. The direct exportation reaches practic- ally every coastwise country: the subsequent distrib- ution is to the most remote parts of all countries, civilized and uncivilized. In 1914 the exports of canned salmon aggregated 87,750,000 pounds valued at $7,999,000. This movement represented in value 62 per cent of our total export trade in fishery products. Important markets were Canada, Chile, British East Indies, Australia and the Philippine Islands, but England alone absorbed 75 per cent of the shipments, and that country has always been the chief foreign consumer of canned salmon. _ In 1918 the volume of this trade increased only 5 per eent over 1914, but the value of the commodity in- ereased more than 60 per cent, and large shipments were were made to France and Italy—countries which in normal times consume only a negligible quantity of — canned salmon. In view of high prices at home, high rates of ocean transport and a reduced pack, the ex- portation of canned salmon in 1920 may show a de- cided falling off. In former years there wa’ an extensive export trade with Germany in frozen salmon from the Pacific coast, During the five years preceding the outbreak of the war the value of these exports averaged $1,810,000 per annum, reaching $2,195,000 in 1914, of which amount Germany is to be credited with $1,837,000. Other countries of Europe, together with North America, South America, Asia, Africa and Oceania, formerly took small quantities of frozen salmon, but this trade has been largely dissipated and, so far as Germany is eoneerned, will hardly be re-established in many years. The exports of canned fish other than salmon have always been of minor importance and in 1914 amount- ed to only $118,000, chiefly to Canada, Mexico, Brazil and the Philippines. During the war this class of ex- ports took a tremendous spurt, and in 1918 exceeded $8,600,000. Countries partaking liberally of these goods were France, $184,000; England, $3,323,000; Canada, $176,000; Mexico, $397,000; Cuba, $865,000 ; Argentina, $323,000; Peru, $104,000; Australia, $342, - 000; and Philippines, $1,800,000. Various countries in all the continents, under the stress of war ‘condi- tions, became more familiar than ever before with American canned fish besides salmon, and the way has thus been paved for a continuauce and extension of this branch of our export trade. Out of the plentitude of its oyster crop the United States has for years maintained a foreign trade in fresh oysters, particularly with England and Canada. The value of oyster exports. in 1914 was about $666,- 000, which was about the average of the recent pre- war years. During the war, this business declined and practically disappeared so far as Europe was concerned, and in 1918 amounted to $413,000. Canada, Mexico, Argentina, and Australia being the chief markets. The exports of all other shellfish, consisting principally of shrimp, were valued at $323,000 in 1914, with Canada, Cuba and Brazil taking the larg t share, while in 1918 this trade increased to over $1,000,000, with England as the leading consumer, In conneetion with the extension of our foreign trade in pes aa it is only hemes cog- nizance should be taken of the efficiently organized, admirably equipped and zealous staff of consul: officers, commercial attaches, and foreign trade presentatives of the United States abroad who m confidently be relied on to supply information t will conduce to the increase of our exports to mark that will yield the best results and will enable our fishery interests to occupy desirable trade fields from _ which our lack of knowledge and foresigh i excluded us. dye ers expressed, that in the further development | foreign fishery trade, it will be the part of wisd not generally to import those products that tainable in sufficient quantity in our own waters | not generally to export those for which there domestic need. ht ae FRENCH FISHERY NEWS The ‘‘Patrie’’—largest trawler in the world, in length with a fish eapacity of 750 tons and a dation for 40 and 50 men—was launched re England for French owners. The large French trawler ‘‘Normandie’’ whieh tempted to do a winter fishing season off the Icel: Coast has come back to Fécamp (France) with 100 ewts of Codfish. Bae 2 Two other trawlers of that harbor ‘‘Provence’’ an ‘‘Champagne’’ who went out of Fécamp in Janua are not making expenses. Codfish is scarce France. fle - Paris, March 13.—The high cost of fish has ri ed the ardor of Lenten observers in ‘Paris. O salt cod, which figured prominently as the r dish for Lenten Wednesdays and Fridays wl was only 1 frane 50 ecentimes (30 cents norn now costs 4 franes 50, the same price as lamb. let are 7 franes and salmon 15 other varieties in price similarily. ‘ The steam trawler Mount Kemmel, which was by Messrs. A. Hall and Co., Ltd., shipbuilders, Al deen has left Aberdeen for the Tyne en. route | France. The Mount Kemmel is one of a fleet of ves- sels built in Aberdeen for a French Trawling C These vessels are intended for fishing off the Ne foundland eoast and are in consequence of a 1 tyne than trawlers operating in home waters. ae The vessel is registered in the highest class at Lioyd’s and is of the following dimensions—Length B.P. 170 ft.; breadth, 27 ft.; depth, 15ft. 6ins. She is completely fitted up with electric light and has an extra large fish hold and bunkers. There is accomo-— dation amidships for the captain, officers and staff of | engineers, while the erew number 40 all told and are- to be berthed forward and aft. naga gg Fel ON THE MACKEREL TRAILS A GOVERNMENT SCOUT SHIP WOULD HELP TO BUILD UP CANADIAN MACKEREL FISHERY By M. H. NICKERSON Every live government is at present endowing one of its branches to prosecute the study of marine life rding to scientifie rules. This course busies itself efly with anatomizing on food fish. It is no doubt a fascinating line of research; but it is evident that business and science might go hand in hand on their eneficent journey if more pains were taken to note the habits and periodic movements of the most. valu- able species of fish, rather than dissect the specimens. The hunter is keen to strike the trail, not to count the ones of the game. Mrs. Partington’s recipe for rab- t stew yet holds good: ‘‘First catch the rabbit.’’ _A notable phenomenen is the spring migration of mackerel to the Northern spawning ground. It sweeps _ along the Maritime Province coast waters quite regu- larly every year. Yet science takes no heed; official heads let it slide, as the slang goes; the fisherman alone have any working knowledge of it and their range of observation is necessarily limited. It is in- - eumbent on the Canadian naval department, especially - at a time when lobstering has been curtailed by order- _ in-council, to launch a system of discovery as to the direction taken by the migratory schools of mackerel, - in order that the fisherman may be kept well posted _ and inerease their catches in consequences. _ The principal Northward stream of those fish (con- _ sisting of schools more or less scattered and ocecasion- ally splitting apart, to re-make in a main body subse- _ quently) follow a tolerably straight course, from their winter haunts beyond Hatteras, along the stretch of sandy beaches till nearing Nantucket _ Shoals, which spot may be said to mark the parting of the ways. For while the bulk of the rafts usually swings through the South Channel, skirting the New _ England shore at a distance, then turning toward the Cape Shore by what is termed the inside route, at other times the track lies South of George’s Bank principally, making more of a bee-line for the broad- side of Nova Seotia—so to speak—and showing up at different points for the first time anywhere from _Sambro to Canso, though sporadic schools may ap- _ pear farther west later in the season, sometimes trim- ming the shore closely, sometimes giving it a wide berth. The cause of this deviation has never been ascertained. It was once thought to be occasioned by the prevailing winds, especially the continuance of ti Northeasterly gales. That opinion has been dis- proved. Again it was claimed that the red-feed, or whatever the mackerel subsisted on while migrating, lured them out of the direct road. But since nobody knew much about red-feed, or what the fish did find for forage on the way, that idea has also gone to the discard. Anyhow this particular phase of the subject was a fruitless field of enquiry; seeing that the most exact knowledege in regard to it could no more in- fluence the course of the mackerel than the weather bureau can change the climate. Something worth far more than tons of conjecture could be attained by detailing a patrol boat to watch the schools in their Northern progress and give timely notice thereof to the seiners and net-drifters of the Maritime Provinces. The scouting would begin short- ly after the American seiners, having wound up the Southern cruise, would be fitting in the home ports for the Cape Shore trips which are to follow soon. That would be the golden opportunity for the pro- vineial boats of the larger size, which would be on the look-out to catch the report from the scout boat sent by wireless to the radiostations at Cape Sable, Camperdown or Glace Bay, as the case might require. In working Eastward, a call of the sea, in fact, relayed over the land-lines or telephoned to the localities where the drifters would lie in waiting, and they would accordingly make a start knowing to a certain- ty just where and when they could ambuseade the schools and make a profitable scoop. All in the eall- ing would thus be enabled to reap the advantage. Tt would be a novel method, but the most effective marine intelligence bureau extant. It is earnestly hoped that the order may go forth to begin the ‘proposed service during the present spring. The scheme has already been outlined and submitted to official consideration, which ean searcely be other than favorable. It is not in the nature of a nature of a fantastic and costly experiment, with an outcome ever in doubt. The government may have a spare boat in its service which could be commis- sioned for the purpose without, delay. No special equipment is required except wireless, which I sup- pose is on all naval vessels of any size. No great power would be needed, as the receiving stations would never be more than fifty miles away. A chain 64 CANADIAN of accurate observation in one important branch of the fisheries could thus be carried around the whole coast from Briar Island to Cape North, and farther up the Gulf if necessary. Nothing so feasible or so full of promise for the general benefit has ever been broached in this regard. Its chief merit is that Canadian fisher- men would share its advantages exclusive of the American fleet which would be temporarily withdrawn as already remarked. When they did appear on the seene, they would lack the notice sent out to provin- cial netters in readiness to make a seaward sally as soon as they got the news how the schools were head- ing. . Net drifting for mackerel in Nova Scotia waters is becoming a regular calling, despite its drawbacks. Last spring a numerous fleet operated in the South Shore, and by all accounts the force will be more than doubled this season. As it is, the sets are made by guess-work, and no one can tell whether he is going to strike the pay streak or not. This would no longer be the case if a watch-boat were on duty to give notice of the locality and trend of the schools. But the boat would never flush those schools or turn them from their course, just keeping slightly in advance and making daily reports. The scouting would have to begin before the close of the lobster season for the West, and the boat would do good service by operating off-shore, in a line easily reached by netters with motor-power, which would avoid the damage caused last year to the lobster-men by the inshore drifters foul- ing with the buoys. Besides the mackerel traps at this period are put down in bays and roadsteads, near the ordinary grounds for the moored nets, and the pathway to these should be left unobstructed, so that all parties shall have a fair field. All things considered we may reasonably expect a trial trip will be ordered. The patrol might go on duty not later than the tenth of May. The first locating would be on a wide beat between Brown’s and Cashe’s, gradually narrowing down as the Nova Scotia coast was approached. Even if no marked inerease catch ~ should follow the initial venture, there would be no outlay, no loss of any kind, while it would surely add a most entertaining chapter to the vast accumulation of marine scientifie facts; and it would be a matter of national pride, as well as ultimate popular gain, should Canada write the headlines of that chapter in large characters, perhaps furnish the full contents. FISH LEATHER. We have recently seen samples of leather made from the skins of sharks, dog-fish and rays, and without a doubt it is wonderful material. There is absolutely nothing in the appearance of the leather to indicate its marine origin and the tanned samples which we examined range from a tough sole and boot leather .to a material as fine and as soft as chamois. Fishing for sea-leather is carried on in’ southern waters where sharks and giant rays are more numer- ous than in the waters of our Northern coasts. Tt is possible, however, that shark fishing might be carried on by Canadian fishermen in certain localities during the summer months. At certain seasons the fishing grounds seem to be swarming with ‘‘blue dogs’’ and ground sharks. March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERY STATISTICS FOR JANU- _ ARY 1920. it ishing operations on the Atlantic coast were very greatly interrupted during the month of January b: unusually cold and stormy weather. Cc the results, as a whole, are not quite equ 0 for the same month last year, which, however, had the advantage of very favourable weather conditions. The aggregate eatch pf cod, haddock, hake, and lock, amounted to 30,000 ewts. against 34,500 ewts. January last year. The smelt fishery resulted in catch of 28,000 ewts. against one of 25,000 ewts. 1; year. rr E Owing to the extreme cold, not more than 338 rels of scallop were taken from the beds of Ches Bay in the course of the month, whereas, in the cor: ponding period last year 2392 barrels were taken. _ The lobster fishery opened, in the Counties of Char- lotte and St. John, N. B. on the 15th November and in the other Bay of Fundy counties from - N. B. to Annapolis, N. S. on the 15th of January. The total catch at the end of January amounted to 5,630 ewts. against 3271 ewts. for the same period last year. The whole catch was shipped for consumption, The weather on the Pacific coast during J was generally cold and windy. The quantity landed in British Columbia, however, was very sa factory. About the same quantity of halibut was tal as in January last year, viz:—9500 ewts. by © and American boats, i a aa Herring was in great abundance in the N and Alberni and Clayoquot districts, and the catch amounted to 360,600 cwts. against 75,200 for January, 1919. : The total value of seafish at the point of | on both coasts was $962,840, against $608,256, fo same month in the preceding year. The increased is mainly due to the greatly increased herring in British Columbia. FISHERMAN PORTO RICO FISH MARKET (Reported by A. Escudero & Co., San Juan.) March 10.—Our market is in better condition this writing and higher prices are expected o week arrivals. ; On today’s market and for strietly superior we quote :— i Large Codfish.. ...... $53 per cask of 448 Ib. Mediums) cis biked. 49. Pa Small AAASE <0 ea 48... ews Pollock, & -Maddock.... 40.’ (2? 3 38aee Cusk canna ee 38.» 2a ae nai Hake 30 °° 95 7) ae Split Hgs. $9 to $10 per barrel of 200 Ibs. net. Dry Salted Split Hgs. $17 per case of 200 Ibs. net. Bloaters $1.50 to $1.60 per box of 25—30 Ibs. Gross. Quotations are figured ex-dock or warehouse. WHEN President Wilson was coming over on SS. George Washington, and found she had a French chef, Swedish sailors and Irish officers, he never felt homesick a bit. It was just like being in America, ‘“When water becomes ice,”’ asked the teacher, ‘‘what is the great change that takes place?’ “The greatest change, ma‘am,’’ said the little hoy, “is the change in price.” a i a se i sien haalaa vee a vO March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 3 65 The Fisheries of the Gaspe Coast NEGLECTED QUEBEC FISHERY RESOURCES CAPABLE OF VAST EXPANSION By Hon. Frank Carrel, M.L.C. The following article is part of an account of a tour of the Gaspe Coast made by Mr. Carrel during the summer of 1919 :— The fishermen along the shores of Gaspe are really cod fishermen as this is the principal species caught during the whole summer, from the first days of June until the end of October, and sometimes in a mild fall season, like that of last year, even as late as Christ- mas and New Year.. His work is considered hazard- ous and irregular. In many instances he is half far- mer, owning a small piece of land near or back from the shore. If the latter, he spends the week days with his fishing boat and tackle on the beach and his week- ends at home with his family. Some of the fishermen live in small hamlets in the mountains probably five or six miles away from their fishing grounds. After six days and nights of fishing with an interval of a few hours or so in between for sleep which might be in their chambre de barge (a small covered compart- ment in the forepart of their smack) just large enough to hold a small stove and two bunks and only about three feet high. Life is all much the same to cod fishermen. He starts about eight o’clock in the even- ing after supper in his own shack by the beach or, that of the company he is working for, which gives him a bunk, heat, light and a place to call home, when he has a few hours ashore, for $4.00 per month. With his companion, for boats are invariably manned by two, they motor a few miles out and set their nets for herring, mackerel, squid, ete. While drifting, the crew takes turns at a few hours sleep. When suffic- ient bait has been taken on board it is probably about two or three o’clock in the morning when they start their gas engines, if the wind is not favorable, and head for their fishing grounds from five to ten miles further seaward. Here they anchor and throw out four lines, consisting of a thick cord of a Suarter of an ineh in diameter, about one hundred and eighty feet in length with a lead weighing two and a half to four pounds. On these lines are four hooks with bait weighing a quarter of a pound. If fishing is good these men keep up a steady toil of pulling in first one line, then another, with one or two cod on each. If the bait is plentiful his chances of a large catch is so much enhanced, but the bait was very scarce during our visit, in fact, so much so, that the rishermen fre- quently had to return to shore, and if the tide was falling they would hunt for clams, a substitute for sea bait. Oftentimes it meant a lost day for the fisher- men. Then there is a great deal of luck about fish- ing. In the inspection of a day’s catch of a number of boats returning to shore about six o’clock in the even- ing the comparison of catches was very interesting. We counted over six hundred cod in one boat, while the other one had about one hundred and fifty. In the large catch was a mackerel, several cod weighing over thirty pounds and one of seventy pounds. This catch averaged 514 drafts at $4.20 per draft, and two dollars or ten cents per pound for the mackerel, netted these two fishermen for their day’s labor over $24.00, not at all bad for a day’s work. This is of course the exception. The fish is handed over to a local fish establishment, which has a crew of fish cleaners who immediately start to work to decapitate the fish and clean them. Everything is thrown away but the livers which are a valuable by-product and which are be- gining to bring a good price on the coast. The cod liver oil refinery which is operated by Mr. M. Wick at L’Anse a Beaufils, is now making a specialty of this product which in time promises to rival some of the large oil refineries in Norway and Sweden. Dur- ing our visit the prices of good fat healthy livers was raised fifty per cent. Gamblers. The fisherman is a born gambler, not the kind we meet in cities, on race tracks or other places, but he gambles with nature and storms and the running of fish. Besides they are simple and very superstitious, like most men who live by and on the sea, some even lose their nerve, like men who have been in a bad auto smash, and will not take a chance in going out in threatening weather when the remainder of the men, with more grit, are prepared to face the elements at all times and in all sorts of weather, excepting the very worst, when fishing is out of all questions. Wherever there is a good bay, anse or barrachois, which is a sand bar across a bay, there you will find a fishing fleet, perhaps a wharf, not repaired since the terrible devastating storm, of three years ago, a good general store generally conducted by a fishing firm or, company, who buy and trade with the fisher- men who use the company’s boats or their own. These boats now cost with a gasolene motor about four or five hundred dollars. In the olden days before the railway was constructed and before there was any- thing like a coast steamer service, the fishing business was entirely owned and controlled by Jersey fishing companies, who sold most of their fish to European markets. The first fishermen were brought out un- der long years of apprenticeship or indenture. It was of course to the interest of these firms to keep their men in ignorance of things outside of the coast which 66 CANADIAN to-day probably acounts for the large number of old residents, who have not yet seen a big city. It was another reason for not allowing the men to bring out their families and marying in Canada. With their dearest family ties in the Channel Islands, the fisher- men never had thought or desire for more than temporary settlement on the coast, and always lived with the hope of one day accumulating sufficient for- tune to return to their families. Whether many of them ever realized this dream is problematical if one thinks of the small wage remuneration which was in vogue at the time. How Gaspe is Changing. But things have changed; the old conditions could not go on forever. The world was moving and the eyolution of things was bringing about many changes on the Gaspe Coast, and with it came education and extensive agricultural development. It produced a larger inland population, who found the land fertile and productive with the result that little independent FISHERMAN March, 1920. of Nova Seotia, and with the new blood came new methods of doing business, which may be seen in the fine new genreal stores of Robin, Jones and Whit- man, all of which have been built since 1900. A num- ber of them, especially at a Paspebiac, is as modernly constructed and operated as any up-to-date store, with its eash trolley system glass counters, and electric lights. Then came the American firm of Gorton Pew & Co., of Gloucester, who have arrived within the past two or three years. But the latest to arrive is an Amer- ican fisherman with a modern net system for catch- ing mackerel, and a Norwegian expert in the person of Mr. M. Wick, whom we have already mentioned. The latter is developing many new and up-to-date uses for fish by-products, in the way of boneless fish. re- fined cod liver oil, and canned lobster, and salmon, which are bound to increase the natural assets of the coast, by many hundreds of thousands of dollars. It has been even hinted that he will soon be supplying bait to the fishermen, to avoid their losing so much Perce, Gaspe County, villages sprang up, the forests were cleared and there Was more general business and trade among the people. Then came a steamship service, followed by the toot of the steam engine and with it, outsiders began to arrive and see the wonderful possibilities of the coast. Many of the head men of the old firms went into busi- ness for themselves, and became competitors of the old firms and the fishermen quickly benefitted by this com- petition. Canadian travellers and Canadian goods be- gan to make their appearance and a new atmosphere of trade followed. The Gaspe fish began to find its way into Canadian and American markets. Then came the Maritime and American fishing firms. Some of the very old firms disappeared in this era of progress, while others joined with the neweomers and to-day one sees the firm of Robins, one of the oldest on the coast, in partnership with Jones and Whitman, forces Quebec—A Pretty, But Neglected Fishing Port. valuable time during the summer months searching for it, especially when it is scarce. He will have a specially built coastal steamer which will go among the fishing boats supplying those who have been unlucky in their bait eateh during the previous night. Mr. Wick has done much to educate the people as to the value of fresh fish and modern treatment of same from the time it leaves the water until it reaches the consumers’ table. He has established a number of agents on the coast, whom he personally visits and imparts instruction to. Quebec is Gaspe’s Natural Fish Market. All these innovations mean much for the people of the coast in the future development of their principal industry, and one thing certain, the Gaspe coast can produce one hundred times as much fish as it is doing at the present time, and it is to be hoped that all local Mareh, 1920. interests, including the transportation companies and the Government will work together to bring this about. _ Gaspe is several hundred miles closer to the cities of - Montreal and Quebec, than the Maritime Province fish-exporting ports and is consequently the natural _ fishing grounds of these cities and their suburban towns and villages. At the present time the fish busi- ness is being transacted in too small a way. It must be increased, that is to say, there should be sufficient fresh fish caught on the Gaspe Coast every day to fill one or two express refrigerator cars which should be landed in either of the two big provincial cities every morning. If this were done millions of pounds of the most delicious sea food would be served on our tables and thus make a considerable reduction in the cost of living for our people. But to do this there must be some initiative spirit and perhaps this could be brought about by the formation of a coast-wide board of trade or fishing organization. If this is ever consummated it will require more than one or two ears every day. Instead, it will take many car- loads to supply the people of the New England State, -ineluding the large nearby American cities. This is another means of helping to develop Canada’s natural resources which should receive much more encourage- ment from our government, than it has in the past. But it is not too late for this aid to be forthcoming. The fishermen of the coasts have been sadly neglected of late years, and their wharves and harbors, are in a disgraceful condition. How Gaspe’s Natural Resources are Neglected. When one thinks of the millions of dollars the Gov- - ernment has spent in building up unnatural Canadian industries which have only helped to enrich promoters at the expense of the general public, one is surprised _« at the apathy of the Government towards the develop- ment of the fishing trade on the Gaspe coast. Far ___— worse is the after conditions of this unwise political ES policy, for it has done more to kill honest industry _ than anything else and has indirectly attracted over six hundred branches of American factories to this _-—« eountry, which may be a welcome sign in its way, but it is virtually handing over our manufacturing in- terests to Americans, because the profits of all these institutions and the higher positions which they offer, ____will, for all time to come, be filled by Americans. ___. Here on the coast one sees the greatest opportunities _ for the development of an enormous fishing trade which would become a life-long asset to our country __ and help to reduce the depreciated Canadian dollar in the United States, left to shift for itself, with the re- sult that the little shelter harbors are filling up with sand, the wharves are decaying and if the Government does not immediately come to the rescue, our oppor- tunity of natural development of the fishing industry at this point, in Canada, will be merely used by the Americans to gather up our fish and transport it to American ports, and there make profits that would otherwise accrue to Canada. What is being permitted throughout Canada will eventually kill the very best industrial interests in this country. Such a state is being fostered through apathy and neglect in Gaspe, and this is one of the reasons why we are determined to leave no stone unturned to place Gaspe’s reason- able appeal for help before the Government, with the hope that this fishing industry will be retained with all its profits and its labor for Canadians. If a change CANADIAN FISHERMAN 67 is not forthcoming the present condition of affairs will ultimately drive our Canadian companies out of the field entirely. Watch American factories build in Can- ada to compete with our watered stock companies and the end is not difficult to foreshadow. What is the result of this American industrial development in Can- ada? Our politicians and multi-millionaires who have made their millions in this unwise policy will tell you that we should welcome with open arms these new industries. This is quite true but at what a cost! Can- ada is too close to the United States to ever force any of those men who come to Canada as heads of those concerns to ever make a change of citizenship and certainly the profits of these concerns will not long remain in Canada. This movement has been going on for the past twenty-five or fifty years, but it has as- sumed a more aggressive form of late. Now, while our politicians are going to reason things out in this direction there will be little heard of the poor fisher- men of the Gaspe coast who are among Canada’s most loyal Canadians developing and enriching this coun- try by several millions of dollars every year, with their fish catches. Let us look at the Government’s neglect of the deserving fishermen of Perce, one of the pretti- est spots and although a fishing village of over fifteen hundred inhabitants and one hundred and_ twenty boats. It is nine miles from a railway station and for the past few years has had little or no boat service. Three years ago a storm broke away four hundred feet of a very badly constructed wharf of a total length of seven hundred feet. Now, instead of the Government immediately going to the aid of this village and quick- ly repairing and constructing its destroyed wharf which made a little harbor of refuge for its fishing fleet, nothing was done. No boat with any draught is able to moor at it and in consequence, all incoming and out-going freight, by water, has to be taken off or on with lighters, adding considerably to the cost of every- thing not to speak of the inconvenience and the loss of time which has to be made in order to carry on this trade. L’Anse au Beaufils, which might resemble any of the European fishing coves, is a snug artificial harbor, the mouth of which is filled up with sand. All that is wanted is a dredge for a few days work and yet it is not certain if the Government will allow a nearby dredge to do this work in time to be of any use this season. In a storm the poor fishermen make for this harbor for shelter, but can only enter during high tide. The wharf inside is so disintegrating and falling to pieces caused by the inroads of destructive Worms. All the heavy timber is showing signs of complete de- cay and ruin, and no heed is being paid to the earnest prayers of the lonely fishermen. There are innumer- able other places in similar neglect and it is a erying shame to'see all this going on when the Government is appealing to Canadians to develop Canada’s re- sources. Here is one, a most important one, awaiting a little financial help, a mere bagatelle in comparison to its vast importance to the country at large. EXPLAINED. “That aviator is always kicking about his engine! I wonder why ?’’ “‘T suppose that is what makes him soar.’’ 68 CANADIAN gx HY cen FISHERMAN March, 1920. ID iene FISH FACTS AND FANCIES A PAGE FOR THE RETAIL FISH DEALER By THE DREAMER = RETAIL SALESMEN ARE INVITED TO SEND IN PARAGRAPHS ON MATTERS PERTAINING TO THEIR THEIR Montreal, March 20.—Lent is nearing the Grand Finale and some dealers report a slow season. This is, no doubt, due to the lack of support of the Fish Sec- tion of the Food Board in short lack of Advertising. The fish trade is now ‘‘paddling its own canoe,’’ and the quicker the Fish Dealers’ Association and the C. F. A. and all others realize this to the full extent, the trade is going to lose by it. Pioneer Work has still to be done all over—a good line of advertising ‘‘Dope’’ should be got out and followed up. There are unlimit- ed chances to talk Fish in the Press, and we have got the right article to talk about and the Publie should not be kept in the dark for any length of time on this great nation wide subject of ‘‘Eat More Fish.’’ One notices that sugar, the most staple article of the world’s household, has to be advertised. ever, the ‘‘Fish Heads’’ and those who profess to be ‘*Wish Heads’’ can ever expect to create even an im- pression with their ‘‘wares’’ without a good up-to-date line of advertising is beyond any comprehension. The majority of Fish advertising today is mislead- ing. We see Gaspe Salmon advertised at 32e lb. know- ing that the Gaspe should be spelt ‘‘Cohoe.’’? Also Fresh ‘‘Portland’’ Haddock at 10c lb. Are we not possessors of a place where just as good, and better, haddock come from? Loeckport,—St. Andrews,—Hali- fax,—Canso,—ete., etc., and these places are in Canada too! : Regarding Fish and Fisheries, we have something to boast and even shout about. Are we too small or too modest to make a noise? We would not have to mislead the Public and would make the Trade a six- day a week affair instead of the one day which it sure will roll back to, if nothing is done. It is hoped at the next meeting of the Fish Dealers’ Association this will be given a fair consideration. The Montreal Fish Dealers’ Association are to peti- tien the City Food Department for the appointment of a ‘‘Fish Inspector,’’ claiming that a lot of ‘‘Ripe’’ goods are ‘‘put over’’ which is against the well being of the Profession. What becomes of all the Haddock and Cod Roes of our Canadian fish? Mr. Producer—there is a big demand for this delic- ate little article. A word to the wise—TI hope ficient. is suf How-° SECTION OF THE INDUSTRY. It has been suggested that if the C.F.A. delegates have a few moments to spare while wending their way West to the Convention that our friends the producers pass a universal resolution to amputate the head of a steak cod about a foot nearer the tail and also to remove the sound, ete., from the bone. In other words give the dealer a little more show on steak cod. Some dealers say that they figure a loss on lots of steak cod, owing to the lack of ‘‘Steak,’’ and also the neck portion deteriorating too quick owing to sound not being removed. Some trade in halibut this season and the Pork Pack- ers had to abandon their pork and beans and “‘Butt’’. in on it. This is another suggestion for the C. F. A. to consider. Today is a day of specialists sooner or later—the sooner the better—for the ever patient public. We will perhaps have sufficient fish markets, PROTECTION ON LAKES. Three Tugs to do Police Duty on Lake Erie. Ottawa, March 8.—Arrangements have been com- pleted by the Department on Naval Services to take over three tugs, which are to be placed in Lake Erie for the purpose of protecting Canadian waters against invasion by United States craft. These craft, former- ly used in dredging operations, are splendidly adapted for this protection work. Mr. A. 8. Brown, president of the Lake Erie Fisher- nem’s Association and Capt. P. S. Robertson, a promin- ent member, were in Ottawa a few days ago regarding the new protection service. They expressed themsel- ves as being greatly pleased with the announcement of the new arrangements, This protection work was formerly done by the Vigilant, which has been taken out of the serviee and will be sold. NEW LOBSTER CANNERIES Ottawa, February 27.—Information received by the Naval Department indicates that three new lobster canneries may be operated during the coming season along the northwestern coast of Nova Seotia. They will be located at Pompquit Ferry, Monds Head and the canal south side of Harbour, Harbour Road. Mareh, 1920. Ad > ' M CANADIAN FISHERMAN . 69 Cx. KS V/V xX i] J L / Uf Prince Ecwasd Island Fisheries The value of the fisheries of Prince Edward Island for 1919, according to figures furnished by Fisheries Inspector Gallant was $1,546,373, compared with $1,- 209,073 for 1918. Following is a comparative detailed statement. 1919 Alewives (cwt) .. .. ... Heik tip doe Seatiani (ewt:) <. gute. tos 8... 89,616 Clams and Quahangs (lbs.) .. 550 do., cases, (cans) Dente) os Come chase... (No: report) et es A ees ees. (No report) Haddock (ewt.) .. .. .. .. ice B96 Reem LCWwt.) sor emt ee tess. 2s. - 20,478 Herring, Green, salted and .. i smirked (cwt.) ©... ..... .. ....30,310 Lobsters (cases) eee yA PME, (CWEL Yas ee ee eee we es 11,788 Sere iOe. cee s,s .. 3,002 Salmon and Halibut .. .. .. .. ....(Na report) Mela (wh, \oureread sr fa 2... ..'. 8,009 Pom Cod (Cwt,) oes. ae ee ye 176 Tongues and Sounds (ewt.) .. .. .... MIME AWE.) Sy coca tes tet csr 17 The smelt fishing closed on the 15th of February, and this will end the fishing until next spring when lobstering will start. The usual preparations are be- ing made. There are agitations, however, in some quarters to change the season. For instance, there is a largely signed petition from packers and fishermen between North Cape and West Point to change the spring season to the autumn season from August 16th to October 15th, now in effect from Victoria to West Point. There is another petition to have the season from North Cape to Malpeque changed to the above dates, but the fishermen and packers are not unani- mous on that point. A petition from residents of Wood Islands, Belle River, Flat River Pinette and Point Prim, has also been forwarded to the Department, ask- ing to have the autumn season adopted in place of spring. There are quite a number in that locality who still favor the early season and the lack of unani- mity will no doubt operate again a change being made. Letters pro and con have been appearing in the press Those who favor the autumn season use the argument that owing to the ice and cold weather in the spring and to the fact that bait usually does not arrive from the Magdalen Islands until the 14th of May, that there is much time lost in the spring. On the other hand it is contended that the change would mean a disaster to the industry, that it would ruin the market in one year by allowing thousands of cases of soft shelled lobster meat to be packed and shipped to all the mar- kets of the world. A fisherman for 35 years’ experience writes as fol- lows :— « 1918 $ 320 912 1,411 132,052 79,730 258,823 1,263 1,429 2,300 1,310 10,160 5,260 16,990 5,927 1,861 15,022 54,595 15,593 106,865 69,255 22,733 60,367 1,081,794 26,8811 562,752 87,492 11,188 89,358 41,547 3,005 26,209 515 68,792 6,549 42,046 469 330 690 2,640 5,725 227 384 4,580 $1,546,373 $1,209,073 “‘T know that our spring season is the only prac- tical season in which to catch and pack our lobsters. They are then at their best. We need a large quan- tity of herring for bait and the spring is the only time to procure them. In the spring season we use a large part of our bait fresh from the nets which saves us the trouble and expense of salting and re-salting them to keep them through the warm weather, which would cost the fisherman near two dollars a barrel. As the weather is cool in the spring the fishermen can keep the lobsters in their boats for eight or ten hours and they are in good lively condition when landed. Being hard shelled they are not so easily broken by being bitten by other lobsters. In the fall season. though they are soft shelled they are easily broken and die in a few hours in the warm weather. As to hait we will have to catch it in the spring and keep it until the fall. I think that all of the packers and fishermen on the east side of the Island would object to a change in the season and I would advise the officials to go slowly in the matter before they make a change. Let them inspect the lobsters in the supposed fall season and they will find them just as T have stated; not fit for any market.’’ Another fisherman who had an experience of the late season writes that he did well the first few years, 70° There was big fishing but the fish were soon killed out. He also points out that the fall is harder on the gear as the worms destroy the wood at that time, that he has had to pay six dollars a barrel for bait, that much shifting of traps to new ground is necessary, that in the fall the days are shorter and as a rule colder and stormier, and so far as bait is concerned, all the fisherman has to do is to put in a few barrels in the fall so as to give him a start in the spring and by that time he will be able to get a supply of fresh herring. At the annual meeting of the Charlottetown Board of Trade, the President, Mr. R. E. Mutch in dealing with fisheries advocated the establishing of a cod and hake co-operative curing station establishment under Gov- ernment supervision, at every fishing point where the fisherman could deliver his catch and have it properly eured and marketed. The result would be a better quality for export trade. The Board had suggested that the Dominion Government provide trawlers. fully officered and place them at the disposal of returned soldiers who had been fishermen. The profits would be returned to the Government until there was sufti- cient amount to pay for the boats and equipment and the latter could be handed over to the men. As these trawlers were not allowed to operate in inshore waters they therefore could not interfere with the inshore fishermen. There should be no objection to the sug- gestion but the Legislature at the last session saw CANADIAN FISHERMAN - March, 1920. fit to vote against a resolution that trawlers could be — employed. Some change must be made in the present system of our rich fisheries are to be further developed. Mr. W. F. Tidmarsh, Manager of the Portland Pack- ing Company, a well recognized authority on fishing says :— “Tt is very doubtful if the ground fishery can be prosecuted successfully in small boats operating from the shore and returning to port every night. The ex- pense of gasoline and the time occupied in moving be- tween the shore and the fishing ground makes this method of fishing unprofitable. There are many days when the fish taken do not pay for the gasoline. To develop the ground fishery and make it profitable, it is suggested that it would be well to use erafts of from 20 to 25 tons with a crew of nine men and equip- ped with four dories. They should stay on the fishing- = ground at least a week returning to port at or about the end of the week for the purpose of disposing of their catch and purchasing supplies for the ensuing trip. This method of fishing would admit of a larger con- centration of the business at centres where shelter is —— available. Concentration would reduce the vver-head and transportation charges and make it possible to ship fresh fish from these centres when the whole gauge of the Prince Edward Island Railway is stan- dardized. There are great possibilities in the fisher- ies of Prince Edward Island but capital and energy are required for their development. The Frameless By WALTER LAMBERT Hon. Naval Architect to Canadian Fisheries Association Wooden Ship A novel and improved system of wooden ship con- struction has recently been evolved by an English nay- al architect and shipwright, the salient features of which are of considerable interest to fishing vessel builders and owners, if the inventor’s claims are justi- fied, 1. The omission of frame, and all crooked timber, and the elimination of the labour of sawing out, mould- ing, preparing and setting up of frame timbers. It is of course obvious that there is a dearth of crooked oak timber suitable for ship framing, while the large quantity of such timber required to build a single ship, and the waste entailed in converting and trans- porting such timber to shipyards forms a very con- siderable bar to the rapid and economieal construction of such ships. 2. The elimination of salting. This commodity is also scarce, involves considerable transportation diffi- culty and expense, and is moreover a big and unpro- ductive weight operating against the carrying cap- acity of the vessel. 3. A considerable gain in the eubie capacity of vessels of the omission of framing. Thi srepresents a valuable economie gain as the wooden vessel of or- dinary construction has very considerable waste space oceupied by framing interior ceiling ete. 4. No detriment to vessels’ strength or sea-worthi ness, The fact that the system has received the ap- tr proval of Lloyds will go a long way to satisfy the enquirer and substantiate this claim. The structure comprises an inner layer of thick strakes of planking extending fore and aft of the ves- sel and an edge contact with each other, and secured to each other by edge bolting. The bolts are loeated — in series, extending vertically from the keel to the gunwhale at equal distances apart, and each series comprises two lines of bolts, the bolts of one line of a series being inclined in opposite direction to the bolts _of the other line of the same series, so that they form = dovetail fastenings extending in lines in the direction in which the transverse frames would extend if the ship was of the ordinary construction. During the erection of the vessel, this fore and aft planking is temporarily supported by transverse moulds placed at suitable distances apart and which can afterwards be removed. On the outside of this thick planking is worked two thicknesses of thick planking laid diag- onally from keel to gunwhale and crossing each other, and there the skin of the vessel is finished by a layer of outer fore and aft planking sufficiently thick to om enable the edges to be caulked and the whole structure __ is fastened by elutech bolts which pass through the outer fore and aft planking, through the diagonal — planking between and through the thick inner fore and aft planking. The above are the salient features of the invention which is patented in England, the States, Canada and other Maritime Countries. * a March, 1920. n\ if i ns // CANADIAN FISHERMAN 71 PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. for publication. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 _MR. BALLANTYNE SAYS THE NEW REGULA.. TIONS STAND What would you have done? If, under the condi- tions, you were Minister of Marine and Fisheries and you had issued new regulations and then be asked by many to rescind them, and by others to keep them in force? During the past month there have been many meet- ings held by the fishery and business organizations in Vancouver and Prince Rupert. At these meetings a great deal has been said, and many resolutions passed. Many of these resolutions have been sent to the De- partment of Marine and Fisheries at Ottawa. Without doubt those in authority at Ottawa have done some tall thinking. These resolutions were for and against the 1920 regulations as to throwing open the salmon fisheries of British Columbia. As a matter. of fact all the Canners do not agree on the subject, and they did not all sign the resolution that was sent to Ottawa by the Canners Association. All the fisher- men do not agree. There are different localities on the Coast where some of the Canners would be harder hit than others, and these have been working hard to have the 1920 regulations held up. On the other hand Prince Rupert interests have been strong for the 1920 regulations. Now that the Minister has stated that the 1920 reg- ulations will stand there is a very good chance to have the embargo on the export of fresh salmon put into effect. This is one of the reasons why some of the eanners and fresh fish interests wish the 1920 regula- tions to stand. Every effort will be made to have the embargo put into effect now. One good thing has been accomplished, important to the entire industry, and that is the bringing togeth- er in a harmonious gathering for the good of all, the Fishermen, and the Canners in a conference regarding the different phases of the industry. In analysing the reasons for the throwing open of the salmon fisheries of British Columbia, one must re- member that the Department at Ottawa has been un- der pressure for many years to carry out this plan of throwing open the fisheries to British subjects. Some of the organizations who have taken part in sending recent resolutions were previously most strongly in favor of throwing them open. It may be said upon fairly good authority that Mr. Ballantyne did not de- cide upon this step until the matter had been given every consideration, and it was at last decided to put the present regulations into effect. The whole coast has been divided into 21 areas as will be seen under another heading. There is one thing quite apparent that no matter what regulations may be put into effect there will al- ways be some that will not be satisfied, and under the conditions this is to be expected. It is practically im- possible to frame regulations that will be satisfac- tory to all. Ottawa being 3000 miles away, it would be prefer- able if the Department of Marine and Fisheries would appoint a fisheries Commission if nothing more than in an advisory capacity, to administer the British Col- umbia Fisheries. Such a commission was asked for by the Canadian Fisheries Association at the conference held in Ottawa in May 1919, and the matter was then taken under advisement by the Minister. It is highly desirable that the Minister of Marine and Fisheries should visit British Columbia, and be- come personally acquainted with the conditions as they exist here. The industry awaits the visit and will be glad to hear when it is to be made. At the latest it is to be hoped Mr. Ballantyne will be at the coming Fisheries Association Convention in June. The government should bear in mind that the sal- mon industry of British Columbia is one of the most heavily taxed industries if not the most heavily tax- ed industry in Canada. The industry as a whole feels that it is not receiving the close personal attention that it deserves. This attention cannot be given un- less the Minitser himself visits this part of the coun- try at least once a year. Any man at the head of a large business makes a trip to the different branches of his business at least once a year. He should not depend upon his deputies for information all the time. . NEW ADDRESS FOR VANCOUVER BRANCH C.F. A. The ofice of the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association is now at 528 Winch building, 739 Hastings West, where Secretary F. E. Payson now has his headquarters. 72 CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE EMBARGO ON EXPORT OF FRESH SALMON. At a recent get together meeting of the British Col- umbia Fishermen and the Canners, it was well shown that the fishermen had never been told just how the embargo would work out. Many, if not all of them, had never been told how the 15 per cent. import duty into the United States worked against the cannery- man in marketing the finished product, and this same 15 per cent. was assessed on the finished product at market prices, which figures out about 40 per cent. to 50 per cent. on the raw product. This applies par- ticularly to chums, as it is this variety that the fisher- man seems most concerned with. When Mr. Hager explained that he did not believe that the canner could take all the fish offered the first year, should an em- bargo be put into effect, but that after the first one or two years they could take all that were offered, and pay as high if not higher price, and it would prove to the best interest to the fishermen in the long run, the delegates of the fishermen’s organizations could not quite see why they should give up to such con- ditions, but were quite willing to take the matter to their respective bodies for further consideration. Many suggestions were offered, among them a bounty on such fish should an embargo be placed and an ex- port duty on all fresh salmon exported, if the export is still allowed. It was explained to the fishermen that the United States packer, who was able to se- eure very large catches of salmon in their Alaska traps, and pack a much smaller amount at a much less cost, could well afford to come to British Colum- bia and pay higher prices, as his average cost for production would still be less than the British Colum- bia packer could never hope to put up the same num- ber of cases as the United States canner. Then again if he could pack at even as low a cost the import duty was against him. What ultimately would be the con- dition is that the United States packer, if he wanted the British Columbia, salmon, would come to British Columbia and pack them. As it stands today, a very few comparatively get the benefits of the sale of the fresh salmon, and many of them, if not the majority, that get this benefit, are Japanese and others who are not genuine British Subjects altho they may carry naturalization papers. They only hold naturalization papers so as to be able to secure certain privileges. The Japanese do not spend their money in Canada. They use Japanese hets and gear. All their boats are made by Japanese labor, and when they get their money the most of it goes back to Japan. If all these fish were canned in British Columbia, the money would stay here. The lumber mills that manufacture the boxes would be benefited, the can manufacturing plant, and every in- dustry that sells supplies to the British Columbia eanner would receive the direct benefit that home in- dustries always distribute when they are operating their plants. Under these conditions why hesitate about placing the embargo into effect? It-is for the benefit of a greater majority than by allowing the ex- port of this valuable natural product which benefits a few. Again these few would ultimately receive the greater benefit when the British Columbia packer would be able to go into the very markets that are now held by the United States packer and compete with him, buted over ten years to each Province on a popula- March, 1920, — VANCOUVER BRANCH OF THE CANADIAN — FISHERIES ASSOCIATION HOLDS IM- — PORTANT MEETING es On Wednesday night, February 18th the Maieouver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association vheld | a meeting at which the officers for the year were elec- _ ted and many matters of importance were thorough- ly diseussed. The National Secretary from Montreal a was present and chairman Hager presided. =e Before commencing business two moving pictur films taken by Mr. F. W. Wallace which proved great interest to the members present, were shown. | These were pictures of up-to-date steam trawling in the Pacific off Prince Rupert and a contrasting film of deep sea fishing from a schooner and dories in the Atlantie. i Mr. Hager suggested that Mr. F. E. Burke was the proper man to succeed him and upon a unanimo s vote executive officers as follows were elected. Ch ; man F. E. Burke, Vice-Chairman J. 8. Eckman cand . Secretary Treasurer F. E. Payson, re-elected. 6 NE cee The matter of the Convention to be held i in -Vaneon- : ver on June 3, 4, and 5 was then taken up. About : sixty American and Eastern delegates with » ; wives are expected to be in Vancouver for the oe sion and both money and energy is needed to 1 the Convention a complete success. It may be : nec sary to get support from the Board of Trade aoa Provincial Government. Mr. Wallace neat an itinerary and the visitors will arrive on June i: the three days of the Convention were plannec “out fi to transact serious business and give the vin feet welcome they would remember. . he ee At the Chairman’s request, Mr. Wallace pa a proposal for the establishment of a college of fish- eries in British Columbia, and referred to the exeel-— lent results obtained by a similar institute in Seattle. A sum of $10,000,000 had been voted by the Domm-— ion Government for: technical education, to be distri- ee: tion basis. British Columbia’s share for the first year — would be $48,000. If the fisheries wish a share of this’ it will be necessary to act quickly as all the other m- dustries will be after all they can get and the fund would be quickly absorbed. Mr. Hager stated that i a conferenee with Professor Gill it was suggested as — a basis that British Columbia should build and equip — a school from local funds. The Government would maintain the college the pay the staff of poneenae i and lecturers. we A committee consisting of Messrs. Henry Doyle, fe J. Davis, F. E. Burke and Dr McLean Fraser was elec- : ted to deal with the matter. The distillate situation was discussed and it was ‘We- cided to ask the Board of Commerce to ascertain why the price had advanced so rapidly and why this pro-— duct was to be taken off the market. ipa is Mr. Hager said the distillate so essential to the. in- dustry had gone up to such fabulous prices that the situation was very grave. In a few months the price” ex-bonds had gone up from 271% to 37% cents on Feb. 17. Stoeks in bond were not procurable and the manufacture of distillate was to be stopped altogeth-— er. It was resolved to ask the Board of Commerce to g aseertain why the price went up, and the reason for | 7 the cessation of manufacture. q 4 “subject of an embargo on the export of fresh n caused a lively diseussion. British Columbia not yet reached the stage where she will be un- to supply the canneries with sufficient raw ma- rial but if the present conditions continue to exist will soon be in the position of the American can- rs who have to import salmon from British Colum- a. It was decided that the export of fresh salmon ‘Should be stopped. Views had been put before Ut- i awa by members who had not understood the situa- on, but now that they had more sympathetic repres- ition there was a better chance of protective leg- tion, r. Davis argued that the adverse exchange con- ons rendered the present more opportune than at previous time to urge the point. Captain Wallace red to take any resolution passed personally to wa and present the case with all the weight of fisheries and allied associations behind him. ANCOUVER IS GETTING READY FOR THE - GONVENTION JUNE 3, 4, 5. When Al. Hager was made Chairman of the Conven- Committee at a recent meeting of the Vancouver - Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association, every- ‘one felt we had a real live one in charge of affairs for - oceasion. : ancouver proposes to put over a convention that will be the best ever, and when those delegates from the East go back after ‘‘Seeing you in Vancouver”’ ere will be just one remark and that will be ‘‘The best ever.’’ ~ To all members outside of Vancouver the Voruee er Branch wishes to say **Watch your mail from now on. We are after you.’ epee EFFECTS FISHING INDUSTRY ; Owing to the conditions in the exchange situation, a Siders is no doubt but what much equipment which - would have been purchased from the United States this year, is being omitted in the overhauling of the different plants. This is hard on some of the plants that would have liked to renew equipment or put in _ new machines, as Canada is not turning out every kind of cannery equipment. It also affects the gas engine business very largely on the Pacifie Coast, 4 “as much of the equipment in this particular line is _ from the United States and it has been hard on those _ who have had to seeure parts. New purchases have been few and far between. Soca ah sm CH INCREASES MEMBERSHIP “The Vancouver Branch of the C. F. A. is inereas- rive it is felt that the number will be large enough to show the visiting delegates that the slogan ‘“‘SEE YOU IN VANCOUVER”? is well said, and that the words ‘‘AND HAVE A WHALE OF A-TIME”’ could | be added. Well, anyhow wateh your mail. ing its membership and when the aes dates ar-— ao CANADIAN FISHERMAN 73 CONSERVATION IS FIRST DUTY OF FISH DE- PARTMENT STATES COL. CUNNINGHAM, DOM- INION FISHERIES INSPECTOR FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA. In the explanation of the decision of the Honorable C. C. Ballantyne Minister of Marine and Fisheries, to withdraw immediately the limitation on the number of salmon cannery and salmon fishery licenses that may be issued and at the same to refuse further licenses for salmon canneries or salmon seining or trap-net fishing to others than resident citizens of the white race or to joint companies consisting entirely of such persons, and also the Ministers decision that no fur- ‘ther number of gill-net of trolling licenses,—the other methods of salmon fishing—will in future be granted to resident citizens of other than the white race or native Indians than were issued to them for the past season, Col. F. H. Cunningham has issued the following statement by way of comment. “There has been a great deal of argument and crit- icism by the public in regard to the salmon fisheries of British Columbia for some years. The present Order would suggest that all limitations on the number of canneries operated, and the number of salmon gill- net licenses issued, have been removed. In the case of salmon gill-net licenses the licensee must personally conduct his own operation. Insofar as the Japanese are concerned they remain in precisely the same position as at present; the limit- ations in the number of salmon gill-net licenses issued to them remaining the same. In the past no salmon purse-seine or drag-seine licenses have been issued to either Japanese or Indians and this condition will - maintain. - It is probably that the Province will be divided into areas and any person may take out a license for any or all areas, but there will be no transferring licenses from one area to another. The department does not look with favor on salmon drag-seine licenses and in all plac- es where a dragseine can be replaced by a purse-seine it will be done. In any event no additional trap-net licenses will be issued for the season of 1920. As conservation is the first duty of the Department it is to be expected that drastic regulations will be put in force to enable the parent fish to reach the spawning grounds and thus provide for a supply of salmon for future years. A license may not be ‘sold or bartered in any way by the original licensee. The restricted policy adopted by the government for the past few years does not appear to have been per- haps in line with full public opinion, but the new regulations as at present understood give all white British subjects full opportuity to take a part in oper- ating one of our greatest national assets. The depart- ment will naturally expect the assistance of each and every licensee in enforcing the regulations for con- servation as the asset is a publie one and the public should assist in conserving it.”’ NATURAL HISTORY. They were looking at the kangaroo at the zoo when an Irishman said: **Beg pardon, sor, phwat kind of a creature is that?’’ “Oh,’’ said the gentleman, ‘‘that is a native of Australia.’’ **Good hivins!’’ exclaimed Pat, ‘‘an’ me sister mar- ried one. 0’ thim.’’ 74 CANADIAN FISHERMAN BRITISH COLUMBIA MAKES A START ON COLLEGE OF FISHERIES. - When the Vancouver Branch of, the Canadian Fish- eries Association selected their committees to consider the prospects for a college of Fisheries, they were very fortunate in their choice. Previously to the appointment of this committee the Vancouver Branch held a luncheon meeting with Prof. L. W. Gill, and Mr. Kyle as guests. At this meeting Prof. Gill addressed a very representative gathering of the fishing industry of British Columbia. He gave the entire details regarding the allotment of the $10,- 000,000 grant which the Dominion Government had appropriated for technical schools. Prof. Gill also stated that he had visited Seattle, and inspected the College of Fisheries which is being operated in con- nection with the University of Washington, and re- ported that he is very much in favor of the establish- ing of such a college along similar lines in British Columbia, and hoped that the industry would do every- thing possible to support such a school. These men are Mr. F. E. Burke, Manager Wallace Fisheries Ltd., Chairman of the Vancouver Branch for 1920, Mr. Henry Doyle, Vice-Pres. Northern British Columbia Fisheries Ltd., one of the best posted men on the salmon industry on the Pacifie Coast, Mr. R. J. Davis, Supt. Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., a man new to the fishing industry, but one who has made a study of technical schools, and Dr. C. MeLean Fraser, Biol- ogist for the Dominion Government in British Colum- bia, who has the establishment of such a college at heart. : af This committee at their first meeting were assisted by having present with them Mr. John Kyle, who is in charge of the Technical School branch of the Depart- ment of Edueation of British Columbia, and under whom is placed the administering of the Dominion al- lottment for technical schools, and Mr. F. W. Wallace, the National Secretary of the Canadian Fisheries As- sociation. The entire situation was gone over by the committee and Mr. Kyle explained just what the Gov- ernment would do to assist, and Mr. Wallace told of the great interest the Fisheries was taking in having such a college started. Another meeting will be held shortly to map out such lines along which it will be considered best to make a beginning. Secretary Wallace, during his short stay in British Columbia devoted a good part of his time to a study of the situation in regard to the establishing of the college, and is sure that the British Columbia fishing industry will take hold of this project, and be the first to inaugurate such a college in Canada. From time to time the ‘‘Fisherman’’ will report progress that is being made and it is hoped that some- thing definite will have been accomplished in regard to the proposed college by the time the Fisheries Con- vention meets in June. WHAT ABOUT FOREIGN FISHERMEN UNDER THE 1920 REGULATIONS. It is reported that many seine boat owners from the United States will lease their boats to holders of British Columbia licenses and then work the’ boats. The new Alaska Fisheries Bill prohibits anyone who is not alerady a United States citizen from engaging in fishing operations in any capacity whatever unless they have declared their intention of becoming a March, 1920. United States citizen. Why not prohibit any one from engaging in Canadian fishing operations in any capa- city whatever unless they have been residents in Can- ada for a certain period? In any event attach some form of prohibition that will not allow a great influx of foreign fishermen, mostly Austrians by birth, to fish under the 1920 regulations. If this was done then the returned soldier fisherman will not have any fear of being crowded out, and this is what they have been afraid of under the new regulations. i CO-OPERATION WILL BENEFIT THE SALMON INDUSTRY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA The activities of the British Columbia Fishermen’s — Protective Association should result in much good ac- cruing to the fishing industry of the Province It is not to be expected that the members of this or ganization should see eye to eye with the large oper- ators at all times, but the true note of co-operation was struck when the general feeling which prevailed at a recent meeting showed that the aim of the organ- ization was a spirit of co-operation with the officials of the Fisheries Department, the Japanese fishermen and the canners. “ry _ This is a step in the right direction. With every indication of varied and far reaching changes taking place in the fishing industry of British Columbia, the greater is the need of co-operation between all those interested in the industry. The result will be that much good will be accomplished by such co-operation. Just now when careful and serious consideration is being given to technical education, and the establish- ment of a school of Fisheries is being considered, it is to be hoped that every one ‘engaged in the industry will take hold and help to see that such a school is established. It will mean a great deal to the indus- try and will be a valuable asset to the Province. Men trained in such a school will be valuable at times such as these, when the industry is in such need of men trained along the right lines. Those who are capable of planning for the future of the indu: are sorely needed. ‘Changes’ are being made that are bound to have far reaching results to the salmon in- dustry of British Columbia and for the good of the in- dustry every man engaged therein must do his best to assist by co-operating in every movement to better conditions. FRED WALLACE TAKES FLYING VISIT TO VANCOUVER . When Frederick William Wallace National Secre- tary of the Canadian Fisheries Association and Editor of the Canadian Fisherman announced ‘he ‘proposed to make a three months trip to enjoy the mild winter climate of British Columbia the proposal met with gen- eral approval in the industry'‘in British Columbia. After our genial Secretary arrived in Vancouver we found that his business arrangements were such that he could only spend about three weeks with us. However, during that three weeks he has certain- ly eovered some ground and learned much about intimate details of the industry especially the salmon eanning branch which is bound to prove very valuable both to himself as Secretary of the National Asociation and also to the salmon canning interests. Mr. Wallace returns East with a fund of information whieh will prove invaluable to March, 1920, the interests of those in British Columbia as there are many questions which come up at Ottawa on which _ he, as Secretary will be able to assist in presenting the view point of the Vancouver Branch. Many times matters might have been more quickly adjusted if there had been some one at Ottawa in the past who could have presented the view point of the British Columbia interests when important ‘questions were _ to be decided and those engaged in the industry could not be present. As it stands now the National Sec- retary is in the best possible position to assist in ad- justing matters when they are brought up with the epartment at Ottawa. Another point to be remembered is that a visit of the National Secretary to the different branches means that he meets on home ground those who are interested in the industry and for whose interests the Association is working at all times. _ Fred has made many. new friends on this latest visit who, although they knew of him as being active- ly engaged in the interests of the industry at the same time had had the pleasure of meeting him per- sonally. It goes without saying that the Canadian Fisheries Association has been much strengthened by the National Seeretary’s visit in Vancouver. zs An important matter that Mr. Wallace took up while in Vancouver was the preliminary arrange- ments for the holding of the National Convention _ which will take place in Vancouver on June 3, 4, 5 of this year. The Vancouver members are surely going to show those from the East a royal good time and one which will be long remembered by the visiting delegates. regrets that he could not have arranged to spend at least two months at the Pacific Coast. COMPTROLLER NICHOLLS OF THE CANADIAN FISH AND COLD STORAGE COMPANY BECOMES A BENEDICT. On Monday February 16th, Mr. John Wm. Nich- olls, Comptroller of the Canadian Fish and Cold Stor- age Company of Prince Rupert, son of the late Mr. and Mrs. John Nicholls, London, England, was uni- ted in marriage to Miss Vena Phelan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs J. T. Phelan. Mr. Nicholls was a former officer in the 62nd Bat- talion. The ceremony which was very pretily ar- ranged, took place at St. Pauls church at 8.30 p,m.. the Right Rev. Bishop DePencier, former chaplain of the bridegroom’s battalion, officiating. Mr. and Mrs. Nicholls left on the same evening for Del Monte, California where the honeymoon will be spent. They will reside in Prince Rupert upon their return. . With the Canadian Fisheries Association holding its convention on June 3, 4 and 5th, Vancouver will have close to 4000 outside visitors, who will be attend- ing conventions during the six days beginning with the 3rd. Right after the Fisheries Association con- vention there will be the Canadian Manufacturers As- sociation and the Alberta-British Columbia Indus- trial congress. This means that Vancouver will he a - REAL LIVE TOWN during those six days. It is fast _ Northwest. Vancouver was glad to see Secretary Wallace and © getting the name of the CONVENTION CITY of the CANADIAN FISHERMAN | 15 DEEP SEA FISHERMENS’ UNION DECIDEDLY NOT O. B. U. The following letter from the agent of the Prince Rupert Branch of the Deep Sea Fishermen’s Union of the Pacific shows where the Deep Sea Fishermen’s Union stands as regards the O. B, U. To the Editor of the World: : Sir:—In the B. C. Federationist of December 19, President Welsh of the International Trades and Labor Couneil of that city was criticized very severely in his recent report of the Deep Sea Fishermen’s Union of Prince Rupert, B. C. I wish to verify his report in the daily press of December 5, as I, with three dele- gates of our union gave him the report he published. As stated by him there has been but one book given in to me by a salmon fisherman wno nad gone over to the O. B. U. There has been Aone of thie halibut or beamtrawl fishermen given in their books. They must surely know when they join the O. B. U. they are not considered members of the Deep Sea Fishermen’s Union, as a member of any dual organization cannot belong to our union. There may be some of our mem- bers other than salmon trawlers in the O. B. U. but they have not admitted it to the agent here. The men have a perfect right to please themselves, but they must surely know as before stated, they cannot up- hold the two. Yours, etc., (Signed) J. H. Meagher. Agent of the Prince Rupert Branch of the Deep Sea Fishermen’s Union of the Pacific. Prince Rupert, Dee. 30., 1919. LOOKING TOWARD BRITISH COLUMBIA. Recently several large British Firms of ENGLISH FIRMS canned goods brokers have been looking toward Vancouver with the idea of opening up branches here. Great Britain is without doubt one of the greatest exporting countries in the world when it comes to getting after the world trade. Just as soon as the British firms found out that much of the canned salmon was being sold direct to markets which had formerly been sold through British houses, they began to take notice, and as a result they are now planning to open up in Vancouver, and ship direct from here instead of do- ing as they have done previously, that is, ship to England, and then tranship to the world markets. Vancouver is fast getting the shipping facilities by which shipments may be made to any part of the world, and this means that local houses are now able to sell the markets that were formerly sold through British houses. It is safe to say that during the coming year, a greater amount of the 1920 pack of canned salmon will be shipped by water than will be shipped by rail, and these shipments will be to all parts of the world. PREPARING FOR THE SPRING SALMON TROLLING SEASON. Preparations are being made by the troll fishermen for the spring Salmon catch. It is estimated that there will be at least 2000 boats fishing this season in ~ British Columbia waters for Springs. This is a con- siderable increase over previous years although 1919 saw a large increase in troll fishing. If expected re- sults should obtain there will surely be a large catch among the troll fishermen. 76 CANADIAN DOMINION FISHERIES DEPARTMENT PATROL FLOTILLA IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. Last year the Dominion Fisheries Department had a fleet of forty-five vessels on patrol. It is believed by the department that the new policy which has raised all restrictions on the issuing of licenses to white British subjects will be the cause of greatly increasing the number of fishermen this coming season. This - will necessitate doubling or possibly trebling the num- ber of fish patrol boats. Last year the Deparment chartered twenty-five craft of various sizes to augument their fleet. These were between 30 and 60 feet in length and were manned by crews of two or three. They were all good sea boats and rendered valuable service. Many more boats will have to be chartered this season as the work of patrolling the coast line will be more difficult on ac- count of the increased number of fishermen. Many of these vessels will commence work in April; the rest following them in June. - WITHDRAWAL OF DISTILLATE AS ENGINE FUEL MEANS MUCH TO INDUSTRY ON PACIFIC COAST. The Oil companies on the Pacifie Coast in the United States have withdrawn distillate from the market which means that marine engines burning fuel oils will have to depend on other varieties of petroleum pro- ducts for their fuel. In British Columbia there are about 20,000 barrels on hand in Vancouver which will keep the boats going for three months at least. The British Columbia consumption is about 75,000 barrels a year. Mr. C. N. Rolston, manager for the Imperial Oil Company of Vancouver. has recently come ° out with the statement that they will have sufficient supplies of distillate in Vancouver for all of those cus- tomers who have been buying from them regularly but that there will not be sufficient to supply other than those customers. This is accounted for by the fact that they can make a run on Peruvian crude oil at the loco refinery for an article which will take the place of distillate so far as the use is concerned in engines. This has been done from time to time in the past but the supply will not be sufficient fo meet the demand on account of the companies to the South hav- ing discontinued making distillate. The Company ean- not, therefore, accept new business as they will not be able to supply more than their regular customers and even this will mean cutting down the supply of gas- oline. “SEE YOU IN VANCOUVER’ June 3, 4 and 5 are the dates! The Eastern mem- bers will not be able to forget these dates, and that the next convention is to be held in Vancouver, They will be bombarded with all kinds of information about Vancouver and British Columbia. Vancouver is cer- tainly becoming a great convention city. The Fish. eries convention this year will sure be one humdine- er, so get your reservations booked way ahead and bring all the family, beeause Vancouver is looking for you. Chairman Hager of the Convention committee is not overlooking .any white chips. Any one that knows Al. knows what that means. FISHERMAN March, 1920, — VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FISH MARKET Fresh local caught cod have been arriving in fairly good quantities and the price has been ranging from 10 to 12 cents with a good demand. The cod are in much better shape than for some time past as they are now past the spawning period and the flesh is much firmer. te Fresh silver smelt are in fair supply, the price ranging from 10 to 12 cents. oe a Fresh local caught soles are being landed in fair quantities the price ranging from 7 to 8 cents. __ Fresh sable fish are on the market at 10 cents per pound. The most of this last variety is arriving from __ Prince Rupert. e ita Ae Se Carp. This variety of fish is not handled exten. sively as they have to be brought in from the Colum- bia River. The London Fish Company are handling quite a few hundred pounds each week and the price ranges from 10 to 12 cents. The fish are caught and shipped the same day and in many eases arrive in Vancouver alive so that the stock is in fine shape for shipping. ae if cents per ‘th. : Halibut ehieken ) fo... Red Springs (heads off) .........) 7 White Springs (heads off) .. .....0... 0.7400 SAO Cohoee 6 tigers ate. ee es SS Ling Cod (plentiful) .. .. ee aes eee Grey Cod: (scares 208 8 ee ee ap ; Red: Cod (round): 2200 ae PORE es eae og Smelt (etaweey 7... ee i OER 5 : Solesand Bris: 23.2.0 ll... hey les Ses Herring es Cree a ae A BS dee SKatezies oe ees ere oy oe Cee aay og Perel Be afcnew eerie rit. tc. Sr eens Shell Fish yest eo Crabs (searee) ............(per doz.) $1.00 to $1.50 Shrimps: ).- ieee eee 22¢ to 25¢. CHS © Oe a tc leedd bc vs. s «y(n 6G 2%e. to 38Yae. Vancouver Prices Smoked and Salt Fish Smoked Sable Fish (black cod, whole)...........44 Kippered Sable Fish . . ere Fillets; Sable Wishes it igri.. 0514 is’... ee eyed a: Smoked Pink Salmon (whole) ............. het 5 au Kipperéd.-Satmon <4... es cic... eee 18 to 20 Bloaters: 6 4 ec cs cen cs on 74 Kippereds-Hetrmy <>)... 6.3... ee oo “ Rastern ‘Haddie oi. ics. oe 4 Western Haddie i. ioe a eee 10 Herring Chicks in bundles of 5 boxes (per box)...18 : Salt Herring: ae Medium, 900 to 1000 count, 250 Ibs, net......$ 8.50 Medium, 1400 to 1500 count, 250 Ibs. net.... 750 : Large. QUO Wit ka 0s oes s,s aoe ee S50, = Large: OO tie es hea ec Sees §,25 Large, BO eo cs Sc eh ee 3.20 Salt Sable Fish (Blask Cod): phe 200“ IBB cakes Bore, ee i eae 22.00 100 ibe seers ia Se eer 12,00 50 Whe tiie nag oil on eae 6.25 Salt Pink Salmon: 200): Whe ie ie oie Vo ae Sak aa ne 15.50 100 thas sep aeeee ais stage dime oie 50 ~ TDBs. ay EES 6 Cees AI ae 4.75 Salt Grey Cod: 50 to 200 1b; per Whe. creer. iia ie ae: eee 10e, CANNED SALMON MARKET. _ At this time of the year it is impossible to say much ‘regarding the canned salmon market. It it were not for the chum pack there would not be much of inter- est to say. All grades have been cleared up, and it may be safely stated that a good amount of the chum pack is being disposed of. As to prices—they vary, and perhaps it is just as well not to name any for this very reason. One thing is certain if anywhere near a fair price is receievd it will be much better to move Il the stock possible rather than to carry it over another year. There is no doubt that with the 1920 regulations in force there will be a larger catch of salmon this year than fo rsome years, that is, if the Salmon are running, in the quantities that allow for ’ this. Although there is a scarcity of gear, this may _ be overcome to some extent. No doubt there will be an advance in the 1920 prices and this will be war- ranted, as the cost of all material is high, and the salmon canning industry is very heavily taxed, prob- bly more so than any other industry, in proportion, in Canada. It is a question as the number of chums that will be packed. No two canners agree as to what is best in this respect and this will be guaged y the amount of the old pack that is left if there should be any. FISH OIL AND FERTILIZER MARKET _ The demand for fish oils is becoming more marked. ‘Some of the large buyers are making strong efforts to increase the supply of fish oils, and are getting in touch with every one who can possibly produce this by product. Fertilizer is always in great demand, but in most cases the meal is used for stock feed, as the “prices are better, and the demand is just as great. This year bids fair to be the greatest year in the by pro- duets industry in British Columbia. B. C. PACKERS ASSOCIATION HAVE GOOD YEAR. _ According to the annual report of the British Col- umbia Fishing and Packing Company, the operating -eompany, the British Columbia Packers’ Association, has paid to the shareholders in dividends during the year the sum of $234,881. On August 21, the dividend rate of the company was raised from 5 per cent to 6 = per cent. _ The report says that demand for higher grade sal- mon greatly exceeds the supply, but the lower grades are hard to sell and the association has a considerable quantity unsold on hand. ‘‘But,’’ it proceeds to say, __ **as the cost of packing will be considerably higher the - G@oming season, we feel satisfied that the stocks held ____ will be sold at inventory prices or better.”’ : Among the total assets are included real estate buildings, canneries, ete., less depreciation to the value of $2,462,648, as against $2,610,539 last year. Insur- ance fund and other investments are given as $265,400, : Be in and advances to other companies are $369,- “172. ; _ These two items compare with a total of investments in last year’s report of $580,251, which shows an in- crease of $54,320. Inventories of stores, nets and sup- plies total $628,330, and fish canned and in cold stor- age are valued at $386,050, which makes a total under this head of $1,014,381, which is slightly under the total for the same time last year, which totalled $1,- 035,553. bi CANADIAN FISHERMAN ° ‘ Cash on hand and in bank this year was $223,962, which is somewhat of an increase over the same last year, which amounted to $6,116. In the total liabilities, accounts payable and accrued taxes are shown at $184,708, which is a considerable reduction from the same item a year ago, which amounted to $347,207. Reserves have increased from $726,257 last year, to $751,614, while surplus this year is $1,465,802 against $1,439,694 last year. New Whaling Company. Industry to be Conducted on British Columbia Coast. Victoria, March 8.—With a capital of $500,000 the Vancouver Island Whaling Company has been formed to carry on whaling on the British Columbia coast and to manufacture fertilizer from fish offal. Re- turned soldiers will be employed wherever possible. Headquarters will be in this city and a plant establish- ‘ed on Barkley sound. Options have been secured on steel vessels, and whaling will start this summer. The Consolidated Whaling Company, formerly the Vietoria Whaling Company, has a new staff comprised as follows: Geo. LeMarquand, formerly manager of the Company’s plant at Bay City, Wash., has been appointed manager, succeeding Sydney C. Ruck. The position of Superintendent engineer, which was filled by Wm. N. Kelly is still vacant. It is understood that Edward Sealpen, for many years chief mechanic at the C. P. R. machine shops in Victoria, will become one of the managers of the aecompanyig whaling stations. T. McAVITY & SONS, LTD., MARINE ENGINE ACCESSORIES DEPARTMENT. The eighty-six year old firm of T. MeAvity and Sons, Ltd., St. John, N. B., has been supplying the fishermen of the New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and the Gaspe Coast with reliable En- gines and the different parts and accessories that go to make these Engines perform more efficiently, for the past fifteen years. Agents of the ‘‘Mianus’’ Heavy Duty Gasoline Marine Engine, they have placed many of these in fishing craft of all description, and that this Engine is suited to this work, is proven by the fact that some of them, installed twenty years ago, are still in good condition and ‘‘going strong’’. Messrs. MeAvity are contemplating manufacturing an Engine of their own in the near future, and then will be able to offer an article suited for heavy duty, such as is met with by fishermen, and entirely reliable, along the same lines as ‘‘Mianus’’. All buyers have found it advantageous to purehase their requirements in the accessory line, such as, Pro- pellors, Stuffing Boxes, and Stern Bearings, Spark Coils, Plugs, Priming Cups, ete., ‘at MeAvity’s’’ as they being the mauufacturers of these, are able to get below the prices of American manufacturers on ac- count, of course, of the existing tariff coupled with the high exchange rate. The Messrs. MeAvity as well as manufacturing ar- ticles of interest to Boat and Engine owners have several large plants devoted to the manufacture of all classes of Iron, Brass and Steel goods, Engineers and Plumbers supplies and kindred lines. They have just completed the edition of a twelve hundred page catal- ogue ‘‘No. 40’’, which will be mailed to any interested firm or party upon receipt of request and address. ~! 78 7: CANADIAN FISHERMAN OVERHAULING THE MOTOR SOME HINTS FOR THE FISHERMAN WHO DOES HIS OWN OVERHAULING The fisherman who overhauls and cares for his own boat is the man who especially appreciates having his power plant operate with perfect reliability and efficiency. He needs to know that every part will do its work unfailingly regardless of wind or weather. To do this, the engine must be thoroughly in- spected and every item about its construction put into the best possible condition. The inspection can- not be made except by practically taking the entire mechanism down and going over it piece by piece. It is assumed that the owner who does his own fitting-out knows the proper use of a screw driver and monkey wrench and that he also knows enough to use an ‘‘open end’’ wrench whenever and wherever he can in preference to a monkey wrench. It is assumed, also, that he be able to recognize when his engine is really working well. It must also be as- sumed that the machine has been properly put away for the winter, so that no water can have frozen into the cylinder jackets or any other part, and all bright parts have been protected against rust. Let us consider first the machine which has been run two or three seasons and needs a complete and thor- ough overhauling. In commencing this job, supply yourself with tools enough to do this work without having to use a cold-chisel, pipe wrench or pliers to loosen some rust, for instance, Never use pliers or pipe tools when an open end, socket, or monkey wrench will grip the piece to be loosened. Have plenty of clean cloths, not waste, for cleaning the parts. Also have a couple of brushes for serubbing the parts when necessary. You will need several small receptacles at hand into which can be put all small parts which might otherwise become _ lost. Have handy a dish pan, or something of that nature, in which to wash the parts as they are taken down. Gasoline, naphtha, or kerosene may be used for wash- ing. Be methodical and systematic in all the work. Don’t remove nuts and parts and throw them wher ever there may be room, but before you let go of the piece at all, rinse it off and place in the box which is ready to receive it. Mark Each Part As It Is Taken Off. It is a good practice to mark each part as it is taken off, so that it may be replaced in exactly the same position. A seratch partly on the piece and partly on the engine will accomplish this result. If the en- gine is of the four-stroke type, great care must be exercised to mark the gears, so that they may be replaced with the same teeth in mesh. This is im- portant, as this setting governs the timing of the val- ves and, therefore, the operations of the engine. After taking down, the next step is to thoroughly wash and wipe dry every part and clean up any mess there may be. Now take the cylinders and pistons out of the boat, if possible, and remove all deposits of carbon which may have collected in the combut- tion chamber and in the piston head. This requires some labor and can be accomplished by means of serapers or may be burnt out with an oxygen torch. The oxygen process is preferable when it ean be ob- tained. Nearly any well-equipped repair shop can do this work for you, and many of them are equipped with portable outfits which can be brought to the boat. The cost will not exceed $1 per cylinder. Now ecarefuly remove the piston rings and be sure that the ring grooves are entirely free of earbon. Again, clean piston, cylinders, rings, ete. At this point it is well to place your order for new piston rings, if needed, and they are usually needed after three seasons’ use. The use of a gas-tight ring of some kind is good practice, as it will save you oil, gasolene and trouble from carbon. Refitting and Connecting Rod Gearings. Connecting rod bearing should be refitted and so adjusted that when the bolts are drawn up tight the weight of the rod will cause it to slowly rotate when released from nearly an upright position. Don’t set them up too tight. Main bearings should be taken up in the same manner and adjusted so that when every bearing is drawn up tight the erank shaft can be turned by hand. See that the bushing in the piston end of the connecting rod fits the piston pin without - ‘‘shake’’ and is still free enough to allow the pin to be turned by hand, The bearings of the cam shafts may need renewing, so that they will not shake and knock. The push rods 3 for the valves should not be too loose. t should fit freely, but not shake. This is especially true of the intakes, because if too loose, they will Valves Will Need Re-grinding. Look over the valves. These will need regrinding. _ grind too fast. Don’t bear down on the valve. The weight of the hand and forearm is plenty of pressure. Don’t use a bit brace and turn it round and round, as so many do, but better use a screw driver and work the valves back and forth in one position and then another. Finally, by inspection, it will be found that both the face of the valve and its seat show up bright all the way round. Then, and not until then, is the _ grinding finished. _ The plunger pumps will very likely need to have _ their valves reground also. The water pipes and con- nection should be washed out, as also the cylinder _ water jackets and all other passages which there may be. Look over the bearings of the reverse gear and _ renew those which have been worn. The brake band _ may need renewing or perhaps some of the clutch _ parts. When putting it back together, be sure that it contains its proper lubricant in sufficient quantity- ___In assembling the engine, be sure that all parts are entirely free from dirt of any description and that all moving parts are thoroughly lubricated. Too - much oil is better than not enough. A Word on Gaskets. A word on gaskets at this point might no¥ be amiss. _ For 4-cyele crank cases, gear cases, etc., heavy manilla _ connections which are flanged, blotting paper shel- laced on one side and oiled on the other. For intake - manifold and carbuletor gaskets, blotting paper shel- _ laced on one side is very satisfactory. For water _ connections which are flanged, blotting paper shel- laced on both sides is good. If not subjected to high temperatures, flat prepared rubber packing is good on water lines. Exhaust manifolds and connections must _ have asbestos for packing. Use that kind which has woven into it a wire gauze. This material is also _ best for cylinder heads unless copper asbestos-formed gaskets can be procured from the engine builders. eee, 5 If the flywheel has been removed, look out for it _ when you put it back. Try to see if it is right. Most of what has been said applies also to 2-cycle engines. There are, however, two or three points to consider which are peculiar to this type of machine. One of the greatest causes for annoyance with a _ 2-eycle engine consists of small air leaks into the _ erank ease. Watch this carefully. See that all main bearings fit closely, but not so as to bind. Have them _ fit the crank shaft all the way round. See that every _ gasket or piece of packing round the crank case is whole and not torn or patched. A coat of shellae ‘on both sides of the gasket will assist in getting an air-tight job. These precautions are especially true of engines with more than one cylinder, which take ‘their mixture from one carburetor. Remember that this type of engine is more sensitive to changes of Valve stems CANADIAN FISHERMAN 79 mixture than:a 4-cycle type and that to be uniform in all cylinders there must be no chance for the engine to draw air into the crank ease and thus dilute the mixture in that cylinder. Overhauling the Ignition System. After assembling the engine, give your attention to the ignition system. Read your directions for its care and see that its condition is as described. Be sure that spark plugs are clean and not broken or cracked and that the spark gap is the proper length. Have all connections bright and clean and all contact points smooth and free from pits. Be sure no wires are broken or soaked with water or oil. Start out with a good battery, if you use one. Don’t allow yourself to be ‘‘sloppy’’ about your electric equip- ment. The wires should all be fastened in place and in such a manner as to protect them as much as possible from oil, water and dirt, but have them accessible. Look over your oiling system and thoroughly clean all pipes, valves, reservoirs, gages, ete. Start out with new, clean oil of a good grade and be sure it is gas engine oil and not just oil. Your gasoline tank should be completely drained and cleaned as much as possible. Gas pipes and fittings drained and completely freed of any possible dirt. Use a good gasoline strainer and settling cup in, the feed line. When you fill your tank, strain the fuel through chamois skin. This precaution may save a serious stoppage of the engine when most needed. When you first start out in the spring, watch your machine carefully. — If trouble of the slightest kind develops, fix it then and there. The secret of success- ful and satisfactory engine service lies in earing for the little things which go wrong right then. Don’t delay in making necessary repairs or adjustments. 72 GASOLENE BOATS IN THE GASPE FISHERIES. Says Hon. Frank Carel in his book “Along the Gaspe Coast’’:—‘‘In the town of New Carlisle... .the garage and modern gasolene filling hydrants pumps are as common a sight on the roads as in any part of West- ern Canada. But this is not extraordinary for the fishermen are all now using gasolene engines in their fishing smacks and they are as apt mechanics in this a as they are adepts in handling the line and ook.’’ SELF-TITLED. A GUY once got into a smoking ear in Ontario, chummed up with the man next to him, handed him a cigar, and said ’’Say, you’re not supposed to do any fishing up here this month, but I don’t mind telling you I’ve got 100 lbs. of the finest bass out in the baggage car that you ever laid eyes on.’’ The newly made acquaintance puffed away at his cigar for a minute or two, and then said, ‘‘Say, d’ye know who I am?’ ‘‘No, who are you?’’ asked the fisherman. “I’m the Provincial Game Warden of Ontario,” he replied. ‘‘The devil you are!’’ ejaculated Izaak Wale ton’s disciple. ‘‘Do you know who I am?’’ ‘No! Who are you?’’ ‘‘Well, I’m the biggest liar in North America.”’ CANADIAN OVER 100,000 EVINRUDES SOLD The 314 H.P. Evinritde Detachable Rowboat Motor is being used by over 6,000 Canadian, Scandinavian and Alaskan fishermen as power for their fishing boats. : The 344 H.P. Evinrude is their choice as there is plen- ty of power to handle heavy loads. There is also plen- ty of power to buck the tide when she’s running strong. The 2 H.P. Evinrude is used on smaller boats or dories up to 18 ft. The Magneto—Built-inFlywheel Type, gives a good hot spark. Easy starting of the Evinrude is one of the big features. The entire magneto is enclosed which prevents water or spray from causing igni- tion trouble. : With the direction of the Reverse the boat can. be changed from forward to reverse, or vice- versa by simply giving the steering handle a quarter turn or twist. Automatic FISHERMAN March, 1920. The process of balancing the flywheel does away with the vibration; the Evinrude plugs along using . all its power to propell the boat. Tiltup attachments and easy starters ean be had — for the 2 H.P. model. esi. The tiltup attachment permits the motor to be tilt- ed inboard when going over shallow plaées or when beaching the boat. The Easy Starter does away with the ordinary starting crank. It is a round aluminum dise which is fastened to the flywheel hub. A rope is wouna@ around the dise, and with a steady pull the motor can be started easily. Evinrude dealers can be found in all side cities. E. Drolet, at Montreal, Quebee, George Horrocks, at Victoria, B.C., The A. R. Williams Machinery Co., Ltd., at Toronto, Ont., & St. John, N.B., & The Sas- katchewan Motor Co., at Regina, Sask., have motors in stock for prompt deliveries ; large sea- A “STERLING WORKER, The engine illustrated herewith is the Model D, 12- 15 H.P. Sterling and is primarily an engine for the work boat. The capacity of this engine for hard la- bor is enormous. It has powered fishing boats and auxiliaries of from 30 to 68 feet in length at speeds raging from eleven to five miles per hour respective- ly. In the majority of boats it turns a 24 in, diameter by 24 in. pitch three blade propeller approximately 500 R.P.M. It is unexcelled for:salmon trolling as it ‘may ‘be throttled to low speed and will run steadily without over-oiling or over heating. From a trolling speed of 100 R.P.M. it will drive the average fishing boats 9 miles per hour at 500 R.P.M. The fuel consumpt is low as it burns fuel only in direct proportion to the power developed—one-eighth to one-ninth of a gallon per H.P. per hour up to 15 H.P. The motor runs equally well on gasolene or distillate. Attention is invited to a few of the conveniences on this engine. The waterproof magneto is located high on the engine, away from water and dirt. There is room between the reverse gear and upper base for the attachment of any special gearing such as required for hoisting purposes. The water pump can be tapp- ed to permit an attachment for pumping water to tanks, as live fish, or a bait barrel. (rr, ' Mareh, 1920. - Sterling qualities of materials and high grade _ workmanship are embodied in this engine and as far as price is concerned there is “less margin of profit «in this engine than any other the Sterling Company _ manufacture. Full particulars of the Model D _ ‘*worker’’ will be sent upon request to the Sterling _. Company, Buffalo, N.Y. ACADIA STILL PROGRESSING The Acadia Gas Engine Company of Bridgewater, _ N.S, have just completed a large new building for the manufacture of stationary engines. The building is of brick and is 132 feet in length by fifty feet wide. 3 The stationary engines at present manufactured are 6 H.P. engines which are used with vessels heaving and hoisting outfits. These are manufactured by the ‘ Acadia Stationary Engines, Ltd., and completed by the Acadia Gas Engine Company. From a modest _ beginning the Acadia Company have developed into one of the best known and most progressive gas en- gine manufacturers on the continent. THE J. V. B—A NEW MARINE ENGINE Joseph Van Blerck has produced a solid, powerful engine which he characterizes as ‘‘ the best motor I _ know how to build regardless of price.’’ The new engine is built only in two speed ranges—one a high speed engine of 45-60 H.P. and the other a medium duty motor of 28-38 H.P. The ‘‘J.B.V.”’ is a sturdy piece of mechanism well adapted for use in fishing eraft and designed to use gasolene, distillate, kero- sene, petrol or parrafine. All parts are built of the finest materials obtainable and all of VanBlerck’s knowledge and skill in engine design and construction has been embodied in the new motor. The price has been kept extremely low through quantity production and the employment of equipment on a new design engine. A post card to an illustrated folder giving fullest particulars. “‘T thought you loved a blonde last year?’’ “‘T did, but she dyed.”’ It beats all what an important part of the house the cellar has suddenly become. +o quarrel with the cook is foolish; to do so be- fore you dine ’s damn foolish. the J.V.B. Engine Company, Akron, Ohio, will bring» CANADIAN FISHERMAN 81 A DIRECTORY OF RELIABLE ENGINE MANU- FACTURERS WHO SPECIALIZE IN MOTORS FOR FISHING CRAFT. (READ THEIR ADVERTISEMENTS IN THIS ISSUE). Acadia Gas Engine. Sold by Acadia Gas Engines Ltd., Bridgewater, Nova Scotia. Bolinder Crude Oil Engines. Sold by Swedish Steel and Importing Co. Ltd., Shaughnessy Building, Montreal. Burnoil Engines. : Sold by Burnoil Engine Co., 1103 High Street, South Bend, Ind., U. S. A. Clift Tolling Engines. Sold by Clift Motor Co., Bellingham, Wash. Fairbanks Morse Crude Oil and Gasoline Engines. Sold by The Canadian Fairbanks Morse Co., Ltd., Montreal, P. Q. Gulowsen Grei Heavy Oil Engines. Sold by Gulowsen Sales Corp., Seattle, U. S. A. Gray-Prior Gasoline and Kerosene. Sold by The Gray and Prior Machine Co., 58 Suffield St., Hartford, Conn. Imperial Motors. Sold by Bruce Stewart and Co., Ltd., Drawer 370, Charlottetown, P. E, I. J. V. B. Engines. Sold by The J. B. V. Engine Co., Box CG, 911 South High Street, Akron, Ohio. Evinrude Detachable Motors. Sold by various agents in Canada. 2 Kermath Engines, Sold by Kermath Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich. A REAL LIVE TOWN. (With Apologies to the Vancouver Rotary Club), If you want to see a real live fishery bunch, Where there’s always something to do at a fishery lunch ; Now don‘t get nervous for you'll find real service It a town of renown, where fishes are found, Just by your ticket for the Choo Choo train, Ask Wallace at Montreal and he will explain That you’re a lucky mover If your going to Vancouver, For it is a real live town. “MY FATHER’S a great man. The King touched him on the hand with a sword and made him a knight.’ “Pooh! Someone touched my father on the head with a poker and made him an angel!”’ FOR SALE. 50 H. P. 4 cylinder heavy duty Marine Motors. Com- plete with fitting. Snap for quick sale. Apply D. M. Reid, 425 St. Catherine St., Hamilton, Ont. 82 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC MOTOR CRAFT A CLIPPER ATLANTIC FISHING BOAT USED BY LOBSTERING AND LINE FISHERMEN, A FLEET OF PACIFIC SALMON BOATS ON THE FRASER RIVER. : March, 1920. . CANADIAN -BOLINDERS IN THE BRITISH NAVY Reference has been made in the press to the large number of Bolinder Oil Engines purchased by the British Admiralty during the war. We are now in a position to state that not less than 142 vessels were thus powered, the total number of Engines being 267. Most of the Motorships in which these engines were installed can be segregated as follows: No. of Craft ‘Class of Ship Total B.H.P. 5 Monitors 4880 B.HLP. + Oil tankers 2660. ‘‘ 109 Admiralty lighters 7660“ 17 Launches S80: 40" 4 Other types ineluding en- gines for various pur- poses. 4385 52 Motor Winches BAT British Monitor Powered ft. long by 21 ft. breadth and 7 ft 6 in. draft. Six more lighters were of the same dimensions but of 65 B.H.P. and 15 more were of 60 B.H.P. while twenty- four lighters were of 50 B.H.P. and 22 were of 40 B. HP: What Lord Fisher says about Motorships Lord Fisher, the Admiral of the Fleet of the British Navy, has been contributing a series of very interest- ing articles to the London ‘‘Times’’ and here are some of his remarks regarding the Oil Engine and its uses: “T have beliefs—some beliefs have to be like Re- surrection, they require Faith—stupid people do not believe in the internal combustion engine, or in oil. FISHERMAN 83 The eight Monitors were exceptionally successful in service in the Dardanelles and off the coast of Bel- gium. They were duplicate ships in practically every detail—170 ft. long, 31 ft. beam, 6 ft. draft, 700—800 tons gross, 640 B.H.P., speed 12 knots. The Oil tankers were also in strenuous service and the reliability of their power plant was a prime re- quisite. These are the: Name of Ship Horse Power Length Breadth Draft *“Oakol’’ 640 220’ 34/74" 166” ““Sprucol’’ 640 220/ 3474" = 16'6” **Palmol”’ 640 220’ 34/714," 16'6” **Teakol’’ 640 220’ 34744" 16’6” Nine of the motor lighters were of 160 B.H.P. and were 88 ft. long by 20 ft. breadth and of 8 ft. draft. Thirty-two lighters were of 80 B.H.P. and were 105 With Bolinder Engines. I have faith in both. Those two are not only going to revolutionize sea war, they are going to revolutionize sea commerce, for ample and convincing reason which I shall set forth in my book. I should at first build not necessarily fighting vessels, I should build tramps to carry oil, with ever improving internal-combustion engines fitted in them.’’ “The future of sea war and the future of sea com- meree absolutely rest on the internal-combustion en- gine, and the internal-combustion engine cannot exist without oil.’’ ‘Every nation head with this engine. eulable.’’ except ourselves is pushing a-_ Its commercial value is-ineal- Bhd CANA THE GULOWSEN GREI HEAVY OIL MARINE ENGINE. : One of the successful heavy oil engines now in common use one that is backed by years of manufacturing experience and operation, is the GULOWSEN GREI ENGINE, which is now being manufactured in the large; modern plant in Seattle. U. S. A. as well as at the original plant at Christiania, Nor- way. In European Countries particularly has this engine en- joyed a distinct popularity in the many varied uses to which it has been put. This has been mainly the result of the pro- gressive policy of the company, including that of placing on the market, an engine of the highest quality, featuring the utmost simplicity in design and absolute reliability under op- erating conditions. At present, sizes are being built at the Seattle plant rang- ing from 30 to 210 H.P. in both 2 and 4-cylinder engines, all of which are identical as to design and construction. The engine is of the type which operates on the two- Stroke cycle principle, using a medium compression of air in the. cylinder and a solid injection of fuel oil, igni- ‘tion of which is caused partly by the compression and partly by the heat retained in the combustion head from explosion to explosion after the engine is in operation. Initial heat for starting is obtained by the use of an electric coil which makes starting practically instantaneous. Being o f the two-stroke cycle principle, there is, of course an entire absence of valves for admission of air and dis- charge of exhaust gasses in the cylinder, as this is done by means of ports in the cylinder walls. Air for scavenging and combustion is taken into the crank case automatically on the up-stroke of the piston, and there compressed to about five to seven pounds on the down-stroke. The compression in the cylinder just as the fuel is injected is about two-hun- dred pounds, The fuel is injected vertically downward from the very top of the cylinder cap towards the mouth of the combustion space, as in this manner the oil is burned completely and only the products of combustion are permitted to expand in- to the cylinder, thus giving a maximum of power and a per- fectly clean exhaust. This is the condition while the engine is running under load continuously, or when the load is thrown off the engine only for short intervals; but in order to insure perfect combustion under prolonged idling, running at very low speeds, and also at starting, a simple arrange- ment is made of which in addition to the vertical injection, the oil jet can be directed to one side of the combustion space against a hot surface for idling or to the opposite side a- gainst the electric coil for starting. Although operation does not call for this adjustment very often, it can be made very easily while the engine is running. The “GG” type of electric starting coil is so designed and arranged as to give instantaneous and reliable service, with troubles from rapid deterioration of the coil entirely elimin- ated. The complete electric starting device consists mainly of three parts:—-the cage, which is securely fastened to the walls of the cylinder head; the valve head, which can _ be seated from the inside of the combustion space against the end of this cage and which is operated from the outside by means of a lever through a medium of valve stem and springs in the cage; and the plug, which consists merely of an insul- ated stem with a six-volt electric heating coil on one end and a binding post and proper means for securing the plug to the cage on the other end. The operation is simple. When the starter is not in use, the valve is seated against the cage, protecting the coil from the heat and explosions in the com- bustion space and at the same time making it possible to re- move the plug while the engine is running. When start- ing, the coil is heated by throwing the switch from the bat- tery and is uncovered by means of the lever, so that with the direction of the oil jet from the injection nozzle properly ar- ranged, ignition begins the moment the engine is turned over. The engine is turned over by means of compressed air, the control of which is described below. On each engine there is mounted just aft of the rear cylin- der a gear case, covering moving parts, including belical gears by which the motion is transmitted from the crankshaft to an intermediate shaft and a cam shaft. The intermediate shaft is short and operates a vertical centrifugal-type gover- ADIAN FISHERMAN - “astern,,”. while intermediate positions on either s nor by means of bevel gears, as well as circulating water and cone aire bilge pumps, two small fuel service pumps, a sI % tor and force feed lubricators. All of the pumps n run at half engine speed, and the bilge pump is of 1 type as the circulating water pump and so connected that it can be used in place of the latter should it be necessary. All of these auxiliary parts are mounted on the gear case sO eo as to present a neat and compact appearance. ; -By means of the cam shaft, the operation of t e engine is controlled. The cam shaft is long as compared ped the in- termediate shaft, as it extends along the front of the engin past the center of the forward cylinder in both two- and f cylinder engines. The rear end of this shaft is attached tan lever mounted on the gear case by means of which 1 it can moved in an axial direction. On it are keyed air starting C opposite each cylinder and fuel pump cams in pairs: wee! cylinders. The lever is arranged for five positions whic are indicated on a sextant guide, the center position bé neutral, at which the engine is not in operatior treme positions on either side are for air starting running “ahead” and “astern”. By sliding the cam eams, of course, are moved in such a way as to- this system of control, and with the use of the electric er, starting is accomplished in thirty seconds with very little air. As might naturally be expected f, bove description, the “GG" Engine is direct reve stances in the case of two-cylinder engines. In connection with the air starting valve which > on each cylinder, there is an air charging valve by ) air tanks can be charged directly from the engine while in operation. f Re The fuel pumps are mounted in pairs between th ers, thus being very conveniently placed for maki any- justments or repairs. Several features concerning the pu are of great help towards continuous running under any conditions. First of all the pumps can be packed the engine is running without even the necessity of any of them out. The fuel strainers are conveniently ed in the bracket of each set of pumps, and are so « that both pumps can easily be transferred to any 01 strainers, leaving the other free to cleaning. The speed of the engine is controlled by the — which acts through links and levers on wedges inserte der the fuel pump pistons, thus regulating the stroke 0! sections of which are babbitt lined and these shells are so constructed that their removal is very easily made withot distributing anw other part of the engine aside from the ‘ap which hold them in place. These bearings as well as” thrust blocks are water cooled, and as all bearings of working parts of the engine are made long to provide for eet generous bearing surface and as the best possible method of —_ lubrication is used, bearing troubles are reduced to a eo Z mum. The thrust is of the horse shoe type, the standard in marine practice. ie All two-cylinder engines are provided with either a one- way clutch or a reverse clutch, whichever may be desirable, mounted in the base between the gear case and the thrust | blocks. Similar arrangements are made for using a one-way | cluteh on four-cylinder engines, although in many cases no clutch is used at all and the engine base is shortened up cor- respondingly. : The general impression gained upon inspection of the en- gine is the well-arranged system of control, and the compact- ness and accessibility of all parts. “GG" Engines are built to conform with the best practices” in marihe engine design, and all factors that add to the safe- ty and reliability in operation are utilized to the fullest ex- tent. For this reason they are being used for every marine purpose, including passenger boat and tug boat service, as auxialiary power in schooners and on practically every type of fishing craft. March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 85 Our labels iMaminate your -goods attracting the attention of the consumer 4 es labels are mpueny i! Yally anne pt are carefully en i \ | Quality plus service | | | is our basis ofvalue Scumipt Lrruocrapu Co. SEATTLE ~ LOS ANGELES =~ FRESNO PORTLAND ~ SACRANENTO — HONOLULU SAN -FRANCISCO 86 UANADIAN SHIPPING LIVE FROZEN FISH. The Editor of the ‘‘Quebec Telegraph’’ makes the following novel suggestion :— How many people have thought out the commercial practicability of shipping live fish in a frozen state? The fish do not mind the freezing process at all, so there is no element of cruelty in it. In fact to be frozen alive is the natural winter condition of some fish, though it may not be generally known that freez- ing live does not necessarily kill them. They belong to the class of creatures that have variable body tem- peratures depending on the temperature of their en- vironment. In extreme cold they assume a rigid con- dition, in which all the vital functions are suspended, while life still remains present. During - several months of each year some of the great rivers of Siberia are frozen solid to the bottom, but many of the fishes imprisoned in the ice retain their vitality and resume their active life when the ice melts in the spring. This fact has suggested experiments in the freezing of live fish for transportation. Many years ago a cele- brated physicist, Pictet of Geneva, put fresh-water fishes into a tub of water, which he kept liquid at the freezing point for twenty-four hours, and then allowed FISHERMAN March, 1920. to freeze slowly into a solid block of ice. When the ice was melted, a month or even two months after- wards, the fishes began to swim as briskly as they did before freezing and showed no symptoms of ill- health. Similar experiments were made in Franee. The fishes were placed in water which had been kept near the freezing point for a few hours, then at the freezing ~ point for fifteen to eighteen hours, and finally frozen by immersion of the vessel into a freezing mixture producing a cake of ice a few inches thick, in which the fishes were embedded. This cake was wrapped in cloth and surrounded with a heat-insulating pack- age to prevent melting during transportation. It is necessary to thaw the ice very slowly and tu keep the water near the freezing point for several hours in or- der to preserve the life of the fishes. Even those which do not survive are ina perfect state of preservation. Is it not now up to some of our people to construct freezing plants for our principal fishing centres and cold storage on boats and’ in warehouses, in order to enable us to have live fish upon our markets, even though they may have been captured many months before? DEFOREST RADIOPHONE (Wireless Telephone) the voice perfectly; clear and distinct. Connects to an ordinary electric light socket. quires no highly trained operators. to meet individual requirements. Special inst Control your Boats! Save your Cargoes and Money! Keep your Fleet Under Control at all Times! TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING STATION. \ simple wireless telephone station of modern, efficient design. Varying ranges up to 30 miles. Easy to operate. ations can be made Get full information at once. Install a deForest Radiophone (Wireless Tele- phone in your boats and have instant, word- of-mouth communication between ships and shore and from ship to ship. Absolutely re- liable and dependable apparatus. Not an experiment. An established and successful apparatus now in practical operation for many urposes, Can be installed in any vessel aving electricity or gas engine; and mounted in weather-proof cabinets. No operating experience necessary—just talk on the tele phone. Inexpensive and it will save its cost in one storm. Get more complete information at once by writing to deForest Radio Telephone and Telegraph Company 1413 Sedgwick Avenue., NEW YORK CITY Carries Re- New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO 82 BEAVER STREET S. RAMIREZ & CO. 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO Fish Brokers March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Our labels illuminate your. goods attracting the attention of the consumer ff @ \ ‘A Our labels are \ mouoneally pl anne arto carefully executed ' \M ee ; j \| ; | | ; | | = Lrruocrapu Co. SEATTLE ~—~ LOS ANGELES =~ FRESNO PORTLAND ~ SACRAMENTO — HONOLULY SAN -FRANCISCO 86 UANADIAN SHIPPING LIVE FROZEN FISH. The Editor of the ‘‘Quebee Telegraph’’ makes the - following novel suggestion :— How many people have thought out the commercial practicability of shipping live fish in a frozen state? The fish do not mind the freezing process at all, so there is no element of cruelty in it. In faet to be frozen alive is the natural winter condition of some fish, though it may not be generally known that freez- ing live does not necessarily kill them. They belong to the class of creatures that have variable body tem- peratures depending on the temperature of their en- vironment. In extreme cold they assume a rigid con- dition, in which all the vital functions are suspended, while life still remains present. During several months of each year some of the great rivers of Siberia are frozen solid to the bottom, but many of the fishes imprisoned in the ice retain their vitality and resume their active life when the ice melts in the spring. This fact has suggested experiments in the freezing of live fish for transportation.. Many years ago a cele- brated physicist, Pietet of Geneva, put fresh-water fishes into a tub of water, which he kept liquid at the freezing point for twenty-four hours, and then allowed FISHERMAN March, 1920. to freeze slowly into a solid block of ice. When the ice was melted, a month or even two months after- wards, the fishes began to swim as briskly as they did before freezing and showed no-symptoms of ill- health. Similar experiments were made in France. The fishes were placed in water which had been kept near the freezing point for a few hours, then at the freezing point for fifteen to eighteen hours, and finally frozen by immersion of the vessel into a freezing mixture | producing a cake of ice a few inches thick, in which the fishes were embedded. This cake was wrapped in cloth and surrounded with a heat-insulating pack- age to prevent melting during transportation. It is necessary to thaw the ice very slowly and tv keep the water near the freezing point for several hours in or- der to preserve the life of the fishes. Even those which do not survive are in a perfect state of preservation. Is it not now up to some of our people to construct freezing plants for our principal fishing centres and cold storage on boats and in warehouses, in order to enable us to have live fish upon our markets, even though they may have been captured many months before? (ee) DEFOREST RADIOPHONE (Wireless Telephone) TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING STATION. A simple wireless telephone station of modern, efficient design. the voice perfectly; clear and distinct. Varying ranges up to Connects to an ordinary electric light socket. quires no highly trained operators. Special installations can to meet individual requirements Control your Boats! Save your Cargoes and Money! ~, Keep your Fleet Under Control at all Times! Easy to operate. Get full information at once. Install a deForest Radiophone (Wireless Tele- phone in your boats and have instant, word- ~ of-mouth communication between ships and shore and from ship to ship. Absolutely re- liable and dependable apparatus. Not an experiment. An established and successful apparatus now in practical operation for many pacrcere: Can be installed in any vessel aving electricity or gas engine; and mounted in weather-proof cabinets: No operating experience nécessary—just talk on the tele phone. Inexpensive and it will save its cost in one storm. Get more complete information at once by writing to deForest Radio Telephone and Telegraph Company 1413 Sedgwick Avenue., NEW YORK CITY Carries 30 miles. Re- be made 23 TETUAN ST., SAN New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO 42 BEAVER STREET S. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers JUAN, PORTO RICO March, 1920. CANADIAN PISHERMAN 87 SPECIALIZE VARNISHEP Out of Danger SALMON, HERRING = AND a Reliable Pl LCH AR D H Flashlight to shoot aloft a brilliant LABE LS signal of distress. Have a Reliable Bat- THE tery to ring the warning B.C.PRINTINGs.LITHOLTD. bell for “Full Speed A’stern.” VANCOUVER, B.C.CANADA, Have a Reliable Igni- tion Unit No. 8216 to feed the engine with a steady stream of hot sparks when the “nor’wester’’ blows— and have an extra one along for emergencies. KERMATH ENGINES ARE EVERYWHERE MEETING WITH A GROWING DEMAND Buy the dependable Reliable line now—be pre- pared when danger threatens. For sale by dealers everywhere. ““A Kermath Alweys Runs’ Isn't it a significant fact that sixty per cent. of the country's boat builders should recommend Kermath Marine Engines. ® There must be reasons for such expert endorsement ‘ They tell us they feel safe in recommending Kermath Marine ADE MARIC oo to their customers because they know these engines can be counted on to keep running just as long as oil and gas ays e a are supplied—vibration is reduced, thus ensuring long life, Livel and La. Kermath Engines are offered in a complete line, prices rang- - L STING ing from $400.00 to $500.00, according to equipment included - Tre DOMINION BATTERY C2emne Ask for new circular. Address Department “N” 736 DUNDAS STREET EAST KERMATH MfgCo fe ca DETROIT MICHIGAN. eee CANADIAN FISHERMAN ; March, 1920, Ninety-five years ago, the nucleus of the Consumers Cordage Company Q Limited was formed. In the years from then until now, no effort has been spared to make “Lion Brand”’ Cordage famous for us and for U the buyer. It’s reputation for Quality, Strength and durability is unequalled, and it has gained an enviable position in the Fish- A ing Industry. If you have never tried “Lion Brand”’ Cordage, do so once, through one of our Coast to Coast Service Branches, which L enables you to procure it promptly any- where in Canada, and be assured that your ships are equipped with good Cordage that will stand the strain of | all weathers. Made in Canada since 1825 Consumers Cordage Co., Limited Mills at: DARTMOUTH, N.S. and MONTREAL Branches at: TORONTO and ST. JOHN, N.B. Tees & Persse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saska- toon, Calgary, Moose ‘Jaw, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Quebec: Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C, THe OoOwZzamBaA aywm RHE em ere a Math een a PO ler ae e er oa So ee March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 | qa WALLACE'S fic Sgr Rete ees => . The fish are suit — ata “ie mis t $3 = ciently cooked and Caught & Packed by may be eaten cold. be fat fo the tin WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED after it is — VANCOUVER, CANADA. Tell Your Customer That he can sell a case of WALLACE’S CANNED HERRING where he sells a can. A man buys a box of apples. Why nota case of canned herring? It will keep indefinitely. TRY IT. WALLACE eae cs Bema LIMITED VANCOUVER BLOCK, - - VANCOUVER, B.C. <== FOOD PRODUCTS ! porn Canadian - American - Oriental \ WEEP BRAND Salmon — Herring — Pilchards . Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Canadian Canned Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp—Milk— Honey—Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts Cured and sues Beans—Pies—Rice— Filiow’-appies Potatoes -- SMORed Fish =| | Lumber. P O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Ltd. PucHaRD$ HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA OLoane KierysCol™ Associate Offices: Seattle, San Francisco (U.S.A.); Kobe Japan. R)) VANcouver.f-° | Bh CABLE ADDRESS: ‘‘BRITSALMON” Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver “ Zs case avvress: BIRKS CRAWFORD & CO. ™: “BIR CRAW A.B.C. 5th 325 Homer St. BENTLEYS VANCOUVER VANCOUVER, - B.C. ARMSBYS sain, CANNED FISH fern Pilchards Clams OUR SPECIALTY—-ACTING AS BUYER’S CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES C. 1. F. Prices Quoted 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920, CANADIAN INDUSTRIES EXHIBITION London, England June 3rd—17th., 1920 Points for Progressive Canners and Exporters 1. Have YOU thought of Exhibiting your goods 2. Are YOU preparing for the Keen Competition ahead 3. Get “IN ON TOP LINE,”’ This is the 1st Exhibition 4. Let your Slogan be “SLOG-ON” Put more “PROD?” in your Production. WE want your Goods WE can place them WE have ESTABLISHED connections in UNITED KING- DOM and nearly EVERY COUNTRY in the WORLD. CANNED FISH We are in closest touch with Markets and recognised as Authorities in the Trade WE. want to represent YOU. WE invite CORRESPONDENCE. Get in touch by NEXT MAIL. Better still send us YOUR GOODS to EXHIBIT and let us be YOUR SHOWMEN at this Exhibition, Our Stand Space is limited, but our capa- bilities and organisations are at your service. WRITE. “Import Dept’’, CABLE ADDRESS:- A, H. PARKER & SONS, ‘*Keenest”’ Bristol. Produce Brokers Carlton Chambers, Baldwin Street, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BRANCHES LONDON LIVERPOOL 9-10 Fenchurch Street, Produce Exchange Buildings and 2 & 3 Philpot Lane 8, Victoria Street London Liverpool Also at Glasgow, Cardiff, Newcastle-on-Tyne and Dublin. wn a a March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 WALLACE’S £3: tke iH - The fish are suih- _ (ui AEHES - or 4 arene Caught & Packed d by - > ng Ape io WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED * after it is opened VANCOUVER, CANADA. ad @ Teter oe seats ne Tell Your Customer That he can sell a case of WALLACE’S CANNED HERRING where he sells a can. A man buys a box of apples. Why nota case of canned herring? It will keep indefinitely. TRY IT. WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED VANCOUVER BLOCK, - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Canadian - American - Oriental Salmon — Herring — Pilchards . Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Canadian Canned Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp—Milk— Honey—Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts Cured and Tapioca Pesas~- PAL git Stam ‘ ‘apioca — ole Spice — Oils — Tallow—Apples — Potatoes--Onions Smoked Fish —Lumber. O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Ltd. HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA CLoane KiewvoCol | Associate Offices: Seattle, San Francisco (U.S.A.); Kobe Japan. R | VANcouver.B-- CABLE ADDRESS: ‘‘BRITSALMON" Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver a CABLE ADDRESS: BIRKS CR AWFORD & CO. CODES: ite ‘Cabie A.B.C. 5th ceca 325 Homer St. BENTLEYS ANCOUVER VANCOUVER, ‘ B.C. ARMSBYS Pilthds CANNED FISH eg OUR SPECIALTY—ACTING AS BUYER’S CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES C. 1. F. Prices Quoted 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. CANADIAN INDUSTRIES EXHIBITION London, England June 3rd—17th., 1920 Points for Progressive Canners and Exporters 1. Have YOU thought of Exhibiting your goods 2. Are YOU preparing for the Keen Competition ahead 3. Get “IN ON TOP LINE,”’’ This is the 1st Exhibition 4. Let your Slogan be “SLOG-ON” Put more “PROD? in your Production. WE want your Goods WE can place them WE have ESTABLISHED connections in UNITED KING- DOM and nearly EVERY COUNTRY in the WORLD. CANNED FISH We are in closest touch with Markets and recognised as Authorities in the Trade WE want to represent YOU. WE invite CORRESPONDENCE. Get in touch by NEXT MAIL. Better still send us YOUR GOODS to EXHIBIT and let us be YOUR SHOWMEN at this Exhibition, Our Stand Space is limited, but our capa- bilities and organisations are at your service. WRITE. “Import Dept’’, CABLE ADDRESS:- A. H. PARKER & SONS, ‘‘Keenest”’ Bristol. Produce Brokers Carlton Chambers, Baldwin Street, BRISTOL, ENGLAND BRANCHES LONDON LIVERPOOL 9-10 Fenchurch Street, Produce Exchange Buildings and 2 & 3 Philpot Lane 8, Victoria Street London Liverpool Also at Glasgow, Cardiff, Newcastle-on-Tyne and Dublin. A ae ge ae es a eee March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Gommiieion Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, MONTREAL Iam in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘*'VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG ”’ “NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish J. Bowman & Co., Port Arthur, Ont. Wabakin Fish Co., Montreal, Que. A. W. Fader, Canso, N.S. 92 CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS - 119 Youville Square, MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘‘'VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG ”’ ‘NATIONAL BRAND ” ; PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish J. Bowman & Co., Port Arthur, Ont. Wabakin Fish Co., Montreal, Que. A. W. Fader, Canso, N.S. 92 CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario ne eS oe Fe a * ee we BR 2 Re aera, Re ee March, oe ee ee et ee ee ee Te ee 1920. FISHERIES CANADIAN FISHERMAN BRANCH 83 In addition to the full statistics of the Fisheries which are published yearly in the Annual Report, the Department issues quarterly bulletins containing statistics of the sea fisheries and general information in regard thereto. Copies of these will be sent free to any applicant. The value of the Fisheries of Canada is now over $52,000,000.00 annually. The demand in the home markets for fresh, fresh-frozen and mildly cured fish is expanding very rapidly. The Department has arranged for the use of refrigerator cars for transporting fish from the Atlantic coast to Montreal and Toronto by a fast train known as the ‘‘Sea-Foods Special’’. On the days on which this service does not operate, the Department pays one-third of the express charges on shipments of fresh, or mildly cured fish from the Atlantie coast to points in Quebec and Ontario. It also pays two-thirds of the railway transportation charges on shipments of fish other than halibut and salmon from the Pacific coast as far east as Manitoba inclusive. Close Seasons for Fish in Force on December Ist, 1918 Kiad of Fish: Nova Scotia. New Brunswick. P. E. Island. Quebec. Base (Achigan)........-.. a aees web ek wes oie bell’ Gao Ilo 0's.0 Dak ge eee Phe tied oie 1 April to 15 June. SMEs Peau G Ew Oh en verd conpecoscccauveccccsce | Shetveeneciseess 15 April to 15 June. CMEC NGic asia ind ccc ct seh csc cerupecceececcesces | otecese seems cede 1 Oct. to 30 Nov. s eeu Maas << vv c8.e Bi fam ¢ to a. Sept. bl Jan. = 30 Sept. b1 Jan. to 30 Sept. bi Jan, to 30 Sept. a SP TS PO Eee Fi to May 10 &j| Oct. 1 co, Gt ce i MARY MOT ODOT: oo bc cc ctmbeces sce sek July i to Aug 31. July 1 to Aug. va po NO hah RRA Sr CS a ty Se FR PPPS Perea et eee eee Ce eres eee ee eee eee April 15 to May 15. mand (neering eee nawes vest Aug 16 to Feb. 28 Aug. 16° to Feb. 28." Aug. 16 to Feb. 28 Aug. 1 to Ay,rii 30. | ome: a angling).........«+- dAug, 16 to Jan. 31. dSept 16 to March 31. | Sept. 16 to Mareh 31 dAug. 16 to April 30. hc vdke a Rhein 0% Oa ob cApril 1 to June 30. cMarch a to voce 30. cApril 1 to June 30. dApril 1 to June 30 Stun aye es SOP EEEMA Ts Sele RUS USS Gey isie'e ts beet t Se oO SES ae BRS Se eee dJune 1 to June 30. Ss ed BION a aia his « oc ghe Oct. 1 to March 31 a 2. Oct. 1 to March 31 Oct. 1 to April 30 Salmon Trout.............. Mi = Oct. 15 to Dec 1. Kind of Fish Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan and British Columbia ta pose tAchiens) 6 See > covewss al Jan. to 15 June. eee veveserersses 1 Jan. to 15 June. Gunnaniche. Reh SRM SACL Sn KR sores vesee Ess Tan eae NUON din LD case cokes oepcees EE ee ae dApril 15 to May 16. Salmon metas MEE WSSeebh Sete beer cbedasscuseoss SN CAMEL IE vice du OE rence nt nseerévar eves ENC CDUALCHUOEMES base CON Ci cae tevesccessiontede PONNOR Suda TeeNsba ee eh eel seed ee caccetosoepacces Speckled Trout............. dSept. 15 to April 30 op GE PEON es 6s 5 Ub NOES 60's. s ol et cece rsceecce RECO . ccs baaae o 0 tiene dOct. 5 to Nov. 30. dSept. 15 to Nov. 19. |asept. 18 to Dec. a—Except in Lake Erie west of Pt. Pelee where close season is May 24 to July 15. b—Except on leased areas, where close season is from 1 July to 81 Aug. c—Bag-net fishing season Dec. 1 to Feb. 15; fishing season October 15 to February 15. Licenses required for bag-nets or gill-net: d—As many exceptions to the close tives above noted obtain, it is suggested to those interested that they procure a copy of the Fishery Regulations applicable to the Fisheries of the Province in which they are in- gill-net terested. CANADIAN FISHERMAN é March, 1920. Exceptional Angling —— Opportunities are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- clusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are ‘absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec _ This Handy Oil Can — March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 85 IMPERIAL MOTORS When you buy an Imperial you are getting an engine backed by years of service so satisfactory that Imperial Motors are the standard fishing boat engines of Eastern Canada and are to be found in every fishing district in Canada and Newfoundland. They are the best that money, skill and experience can produce. General Dimensions of 5 H.P. Model ‘‘A’’ Bore 00: Gee ae kad vee hee coe. ee ake whe ove uke eee 43h peehes SUG) sk wees wide ewe Vee. eles Fidei. kony eee cee seerasey € vd Welett, amet CN as ae ah ost dente diel sic ceeds bee vga cieeeeee Ibs. Complete shipping weight, with outfit ... ... 1... .«« «es 420 “id Diameter Of Propellery S-DiRGG a vec siesces kas coe toe ee erewer as inches Diameter of Propeller, 8-blade ... ... ... 12. see see vee 16 os ShaLt: QURMOCOT ai rc cans co Vere ae Abs Ses levee ab evel ane svahaes tL inch SHALE: TaN 6 ee Weta! Sas eye bee cee sctenr 6. Same For full information regarding this or any other Model send for catalog. State size engine required. 5 H.P. Model ‘*‘A”’ * The Motor that Makes the Mark. BRUCE STEWART & COMPANY, LIMITED. Drawer 370, CHARLOTTETOWN, : . P. E. I. is Yours for Nothing Its convenient shape and long spout make it just Clip this Coupon and mail Sent the thing for oiling hard-to-get-at parts. We have today. Note: Can will not given away thousands to engine owners, simply as be sent unless you give Free a reminder of the superior quality of make of your engine. White Rose Gasoline The “higher power” fuel for motor boat and other engines. It “brings you in first” from the fishing grounds. » Canadian o. Oil Companies, * Limited, 1359 En-ar-co Motor Oil ra -- - Naenes * OWN .nccsecsseces * (give name above) engine and enclose two ao 8-cent stamps. Send me ey Handy Oil Can FREE. a Please give nearest shipping # point in this province, and quote prices on items I have marked, I will be in the market BOGE: 56s st vide a ee i hen wiv caves (Give date above). The scientific lubricant that adds smoothness and power and prolongs the life of an engine. Nat onal Frictionless Compound Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valye motions, eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy open bearings. Scientifically Refined in Canada by EMG 2 sitepahivcssieaesaeoe ne gals. motor oil a year, PD cn usable tes cutcaes es uss gals. gasoline a year. CANADIAN OIL COMPANIES, he CT y cs SREY LEE Ibs. motor grease a year. LIMITED DORs oes Wa ba bss cs svicus gals, kerosene a year. Sold at the following sea and lake ports: TEP OOUO A ins das sk Weiauns Bs Geb aks wee voces ves OE OER ad sd coer cu he bs époeenetssdesvoseee visa Halifax St. John Quebec : Montreal EIN OUTINE i Weare Rb cle bask + chad bee Pnldkaodes Toronto Owen Sound Kingston ROUNES Ga Gale cs CU Cob bie divs ce och te vebs cowee Sault Ste. Marie CSE ns Sn a MRR a ST Sere ersre reese eee sanaeneneee CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. BUY BEAVER BRAND eee le FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING SMOKED COD, HADDOCK and POLLOCK FINNAN HADDIES, BLOATERS, SALTED KIPPERS and COD, HAKE FILETS. POLLOCK and CUSK As we smoke only the _ finest grade of Had- dock, the finished pro- duct should be of par- ticular interest to dis- criminating buyers. » Fish frozen right out of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thorough- ly modern smoke- house. All our goods are prime stock, as every- thing we buy is prac- tically alive when re- moved from the fish- ing boats and taken into our plant. Our’ plant at Liverpool, N.S. Plant: axon 11 srooxts sepce North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. uvexroo, *1;,.Mumye. Telephone Beekman 18 NOVA SCOTIA Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Gapital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. 26 PECK SLIP NEW YORK March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 87 THOMAS ROBINSON GRIMSBY, En g] an d i fo seh Agent for the sale of | Fee bts } | Newfoundland, Labra- | | A Agent for the salv dor and other SALTED | dq | ; and purchase of STEAM TRAWLERS, etc. COD and HADDOCKS. oo CONSULTING DIRECTOR to the CANADIAN FISH & COLD STORAGE CO., Limited, Prince Rupert, B.C. TISH IMPORTER of Canadian Frozen Fish. Bankers :— Telegraphic and Cable address :— THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL **“RELIANCE, GRIMSBY”’. BANK OF ENGLAND LTD., GRIMSBY Branch. The LARGEST BRI. | CANADIAN EXPORTERS FISH SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES GAZETTE fe TOUCHE... ct. . eS 24/6 including postage 6 EE Sth GA. . ee eS 12/3 “ “ re 885 ey... 4A 6/1} «“ «“ Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD | Head Office:-—Peninsular House. Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND a CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNEY J. WILLIAMS, Government Auctioneer.) - FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS, Genera | Offices: —43-45 Monumen t Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3, CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. Importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers : Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. Established over 60 Years “March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 a R. J. EDERER COMPANY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Manufacturers of COTTON POUND NETTING, COTTON GILL NETTING, COTTON TRAP NETTING, LINEN GILL NETTING, COTTON SEINE NETTING, - HOOP NET WEBBING, POUND NETS, TRAP NETS, HOOP NETS, HAUL SEINES, PURSE SEINES. Write us for prices. MANILA ROPE, SEINE TWINE. THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOMAS, ONTARIO {| The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. “| Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. Y. C.-CaBaRaG. T.. Ri; P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. 4| Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut v.icie trie WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920. Fishermen’s and Shipbuilders’ Supplies Fishermens’ Rope MAITRE CORD i SEAMING TWINE OAKUM CAULKING COTTON PINE PITCH LIFE BUOYS LIFE JACKETS DAKE STEERING GEARS MOON GENERATOR PLANTS SPIKES CHAIN PAINTS ENGINE PACKINGS CEDAR CORKS TAR TAR REDUCER NET CLEANSER OIL CLOTHING NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS LIFE BOATS and EQUIPMENT William GC. Wilson & Gompany Head Office: 21 Camden St. TORONTO Ontario GRAY-PRIO GASOLENE RAY-PRIO KEROSENE The “D-4” Four-Cylinder Medium Heavy-Duty Type 36 Horse Power Bore, 4 + Inches Stroke, 8 Inches A strictly high grade medium heavy duty motor that haa” earned a reputation for unfailing dependability and ‘economy —a reputation not surpassed by any other motor, regardless of price. Every refinement of design and every improve- ment in manufacturing procosses developed during our sixteen years experience in motor building is concentrated in this Model “D-4 long stroke motor. We have spared neither time, labor nor expense in making it the finest motor of its type that can be produced. SPECIFICATIONS. Two Complete and Separate Ignition Systems—Two Sets of Plugs—Diameter of all Crank Shaft Bearings one-half of Cylinder Bore—Planetary Spur Gear Reverse Giving Same Speed Reverse as Forward-Pressure Feed Lubrication Through Drilled Crank Shaft. **HAKTFORD” 2-CYCLE MOTORS Model “X" Type. Fishermen, Oystermen, Lobstermen and all other Commercial Boat- men who use open boats in salt water in all kinds of weather, will find the Model X Motor the ideal power for boats from 16 to 36 feet in length. Manufactured and sold by The Gray & Prior Machine Co. 58 Suffield Street - HARTFORD, CONN., U.S.A. Bastern Canadian Distributors: Newfoundland Distributors: PYRE MOTOR & YACHT COMPANY. F. G. HOUSE & CO., 367-371 St. James St., Columbus Building, Montreal, Canada. St. John, N.B. : ( | ; : Mareh, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN bd 91 Booth Fisheries Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TORO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES Chamcook, N.B. St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. CANADIAN. FISHERMAN March, 1920. Salmon Cc C.| Sardine | A A Lobster N 4 Herring S Ete. Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Hamilton, Ont, Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD. VANCOUVER, B.C. “Brunswick Brand GRADE FOODS Alun eo GARD} INES ye OiL Conmors Bros Lit Blacks Harbour CONNORS BROTHERS, LIMITED ranch PACKERS AND CANNERS, Cable Address: Connors, St. George . Ward § Street, BLACK’ S HARBOUR, Telegraphic Address: St. John, N.B. N.B. St. George, N.B. March, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 93 FOR YOUR ENGINE You Fishermen Must Have DEPENDABLE SUPPLIES o e 9 if it’s PROPELLERS STUFFING BOXES SHAFTING & COUPLINGS “*McAVITY’? COMPOUND BATTERIES SPARK COILS, J.S.orM&B PRIMING CUPS, TUBING, ETC. SP MmeTy-E Son li “GET IT AT McAVITY’S” ee Te ee ee ee es ee ; . , , 4 : ; > * ni CANADIAN & AMERICAN FISHERIES, LTD. LIVERPOOL - NOVA SCOTIA J. F. CLIFFORD, Managing Director Wholesale Producer of SMOKED FISH Fillets, Haddies, Kippers, Bloaters. FRESH and SALT FISH of all varieties. Car Load Lots a Specialty CANADIAN AGENTS: UNITED STATES AGENTS: | CANADIAN TRADE CORPORATION, LTD. J. S. TWOMBLY, EASTERN TOWNSHIPS BANK BUILDING, 110 STATE STREET, MONTREAL BOSTON 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN March, 1920, H. R. SILVER, Ltd.,|| WE ARE BUYING | High Grade Canned Fish Exporter s of all kinds of Kippered Herring ; : Herring in Tomato Sauce | dry and pickled fish. Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Large stock carried, suit- Quote what you have to offer | able for all markets. Send Samples. a a ae VHAY FISHERIES CO. Halifax, - Nova Scotia. Sates. : Mich. —$_—_—__—— ————— —— BON ELESS CODFISH Cable — es “ Ciel: eciromatanere | | MCCORMACK & ZATZMAN | proved most pietog: tory are. . oe i Wholesale Dealers and Curers of H AL I F AX ; Fresh, Frozen and Salt Fish. | argest Packers and Curers of and A C A D | A Salt Alewives in Canada. Refuse Inferior Substitutes ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, I] SMYTHE STREET, al. JOHN N. B. LUNENBURG, N.S. CANADA Sold Everywhere — — ——!2 —, a —y ae FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED A. E. HICKMAN C Limited gare PO a st. JOHNS EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Newfoundland Codfish Haddock Hake Exporters of all kinds of Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL _--—- —————-—_-' as me sae Mareh, 1920. CANADLAN PISHERMAN 95 : The Fisheries of Nova Scotia ee es et a ee ee oy oe eich BANKS ADJACENT TO... eth ye bbrm CANADA'S ATLANTIC ... a ass; we | ‘COAST. sovnomes in rarnoms Bie; : (wor onawn ro sime) Crowne GULF OF ST LAWRENCE * ATLAN THC ea By OCEAN) SHETCH MAP of FISHING Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific W. B. MacCOY, sectimniton 197 Hollis St., Halifax Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of Fish and Fish Products AND Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Shell Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore fisheries. The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for economical exploitation by fishing vessels of the larger type. Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. If You Are Buying Fish— If Your Have Capital To Invest— If You Are A Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRITE 96 ae 4 4 . CANADIAN FISHERMAN Mareh, 1920. MARITIME FISH CORPORATION | LIMITED % THE “DOROTHY M. SMART,” HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S., FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. MONTREAL CANADA License No, 1-148 License No, 1-14: eS SITS ers ee TI a ee ee yi. eae ee ee ee ee en oe ee po ee ee ee ee i | ore pit = ey ee ee Zl : Mareh, 1920. : CANADIAN FISHERMAN 97 Established 1874 | D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 |b. Blocks, 20 Ib. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, communicate with us It will always pay and interest you 98 GANADIAN FISHERMAN Gulowsen Sales Corp........ ebics Nova Scotia Government .. .... 95 E - . :-- Index to Advertisers A H Acadia Gas Engines, Limited .. 100 = Halett, A-E. .. .. .. ee 12 American Can Company .. .. -. 92 Hatton, D. Company.......... Ce Anderson & Miskin .. .. .. .. te: Hickman, A. E. Company .. .. 94 Armstrong PR ETS! Fisheries bet ae gua 1 é B i . Parker, A. R. & Sons..... ‘ Imperial Oil Company .. .. .. -. Prente Packt Gos. coe B. C. Pinting and Litho Co., Ltd. 77 Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. .. 82 eee as Booth Fisheries of Canada, Ltd. 91 International Business Machines 6 3s Birks, Crawford & Co......-..- Bate Od TRAP 35. aes eae i British Columbia, Province of .. 5 5 Ba eo ae a “yy: Kr Bruce, Stewart & Co. Ltd... .. 85 J Quebec Government... Burnoil Engine Co... .. .. .. -. 16 % s Wie é Jacobson Gas Engine Co........ 15 h Journeaux, By uh es ee ees eee Canada” Metal Co.........sseseees Julian; ‘C. O, B.C... said tant,» eee Ramirez & Co... Canadian American Fisheries, J. V. D. Engine Co...... beans cab 36 Ranney Fish Co. .. td aes . fats es eee ees : Robin, Jones & Whitman Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., K Rebinvon, Thomas TAG. se 02 oe se bene es ae 20 Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Kermath Mfg Co... ).:ssssees ee ae 0. ERG, 6. 0 nos! ae; Sa ceva ne 7 Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd. .. .. 6 gt ie Pete es Canadian Ice Machine Co. .. .-. ; Schmidt Litho Gos Canadian Milk Products, Ltd... 14 Lambert, Walter... (iiss 94 de Seaboard Trading Co...... Canadian Oil Companies, Ltd... 85 Lemetais, Jean ........ PRG vs 14 Silver, H.R... .. . Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. 14 Lealie: Ro Fee Smith & Ritchie . Clift Motor Co........- ceils tans Ae Leckie, John, Limited ij 2; 2s ae Spooner, W. R.... er as eke. oe 11 ’ § Consemyy. Letson & Burpee, Limited .. .. 10 Stamford Foundry Ct Connors Bros., Ltd... .. .....-- 92 =i oo St. Thomas Packing Consamare Cordage Ce, Itd.sc. 3 Levensons, Limited. . sent ee ee as Standard Steel. Con Crossley Lead & Machine Co... 12 Linde Canadian Refrigeration Limited... :. .c ee ms Dp Co., Lit. oie! 6 ike Slee. age artsle ame a Swedish Steel and an Lockeport Cold Storage Co., Ltd 2 pEtMnted dicts oe 5 at ponueen Battery a eae i . London & Petrolea Barrel, Ltd... 13 Department of the Naval Service : Des B y, M. & Company .. .. 4 Lyons, Chas & Co........ senbes 86 Donaldson, John .. .. .. .. +. -» 88 M E Maritime Fisheries, Limited .. .. _11 Ederrer, R. J. Company .. 89 Maritime Fish Corporation, Ltd. 96 Everett Packing Company.. .. .. MeAvity, T. & Sons, Ltd... .. .. 98 Pi: Spee McCormack & Zatzman .... .. 94 Vaay Pisherise, Co; ae . Mueller, Chas, Co, Ltd... 1... 12 ; ‘#) 47 w i’ Farquhar & Company iy 94 Muastad, O.. & Som poesia. oe 17 * Fish Trades Gazette .. 87 eS |! en a ea 88 N Wallace Fisheries, Ltd........s.. 17 Freeman & Cobb Co., Inc. .. 16 Walker, Thos. & Son, Ltd. .. Fromm & Co, F, H. .. 138 Neville Canneries, Limited .. Wannenwetsch, C, H. A. & Com- New England Fish Co. Inc... .. 6 pra Rm oe 3 j Newtounaund | Fubery FG nw Goodrich Rubber Co, The B. F.. 99 ak Ge : pa: Mies asta Wells, J. 8, 2td. .. .. .. es «we Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd... FOES eS ee Western Packers... 6... 0. 6. Gray & Prior Machine Co. 90 Northern Fish Co,, Limited,..... 86 Wilson, W. C. & Co. Pree a Re Whittal Can Ca. Utd eseeergses ae OY es eee Pie) ol He CANADIAN FISHERMAN a The RED LINE ‘round the top eesti, oS OLfis rs what you want a, LOOK FOR THE RED LINE “ROUND The Top,” when you buy boots—and don’t take them unless it’s there. Getting right down to “brass tacks,” the big thing is Wear--and Goodrich “Hi- Press” positively outlasts anything else you _ can buy. We're proving it daily with | thousands of fishermen. “Hi-Press” from the very minute we put it out, set a new standard of wear, for it’s a better made boot—the Goodrich way, you understand, welds it into one solid piece, the toughest rubber you ever saw. _ That’s why more fishermen are wearing _ “Hi-Press” every season—telling their friends about it—saving money with it. Wear these better boots yourself. 50,000 dealers. This is the a “Hi-Press”’ ) : - Storm King. + The B. F. Goodrich Rubber Co. We make Akron, Ohio a style for ty Seattle Branch: 115 King Street everyneed. J oodric. Hi-Press Rubber Footwear R wey ce RE ere hai ean CANADIAN FISHERMAN Upon request, a Calender will be mailed having the above picture reproduced in colors. Acadia Engines Always Dependable Manufactured by the largest manufacturers of Marine Engines in Canada. Quality, Service and Price Satisfactory ACADIA GAS ENGINES, LIMITED Head Office and Factory . BRIDGEWATER, NOVA SCOTIA Branch Office and Warehouse ° - - ST. JOHN’S NFLD. ee — a ee, es ee CANADIAN Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association GARDEN CITY PRESS, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, APRIL, 1920. NOTICE Practice—Makes—Perfect We have been manufacturing Cordage for ninety five years, and we have spared no effort in consistently trying to better its quality for the most exacting buyer. To-day we are manufacturing Cordage that is better adapted to the Fishing Industry than any other make on the market. A trial will convince you of all we say about “LION BRAND” CORDAGE MARK TRADE Also manufacturers of Manila, Sisal, Binder Twine, Jute Cordage, Transmission Lath Yarn and twines of every des- cription. Made in Canada since 1825 by Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd. h Mills at: Branches at: DARTMOUTH, MONTREAL. TORONTO, ST. JOHN, Tees & Persse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Moose jaw, Edmonton and William, Ont James Bisset & Co., Quebec, P.Q Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C CANADIAN FISULERMAN Steamships and Vessel Owners. Lockeport Cold Storage Co. | LIMI"ED W. M. Hodge. President. PRODUCER Live Shore Ocean Fish Frozen Cod - Haddock - Herring - Mackerel --- Smoked --- Fillets - Haddies - Kippers - Bloaters Car lots a Specialty. Plant. Smoke house and Freezer, LOCKEPORT, Nova Scotia. Canadian 1/ood Control License:—No, 1—093. ee fis a ere April, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 2. | BOLINDER'S x: ; CRUDE OIL ENGINE ah > 4 The Concrete Motorship “Askelad,” 170 feet x 31 feet, 1,050 tons D.W., equipped with twin 160 B. H. P. Bolinder Engines. Speed nine miles per hour. | FACTS THAT TALK ; I The following information has been gained from the engine room log book of the “‘Askelad”’ covering the first 8 months of operation, from Dec. 1918 to Aug. 1919 5 Average Fuel Consumption per hour, actual running time, 13%4 gallons or 0.53 Ibs. * || per Brake Horse Power. (Total cost of the fuel oil, based on American prices, would have been $1,111.59. With a coal burning steamer, using coal at $6.00 per ton, the cost would have been $3,000—a saving of $1,900.00 for the Bolinder-engined vessel.) || Total Cost of Repairs—Two Dollars and Seventy Cents, namely, six air valve " springs at 45 cents each. Actual Running Time.—1,238 hours, during which time the engines were stopped only for a few minutes for minor adjustments. The above is a typical example of Bolinder Service, Economy and Dependability. Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Limited Shaughnessy Building . - . MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920, Codes : Cable Address : Armsby ‘* Brokers.’’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners oS M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. “ee < Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” SOCKE YE: “SUNDIAL” SOOHOES “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS" Po salen Sp Saw ae “on Ae es me ts as ne ee mS a ee per naenN 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN BRITISH COLUMBIA CANADA'S PREMIER FISHERY PROVINCE In her territorial and off-shore fisherses, British Columbia contributes two- fifths of the entire catch of the Dominion. The coast of British Columbia, embracing all the sea-front which lies between the 49th and 55th parallels of north latitude, presents an ideal field for the establishment and profitable operation of a great fishing industry in all its branches. The coast is so indented by numerous sounds, bays and inlets, many stretching inland for long distances, that the actual shore-line (including Vancouver Island and the Queen Charlotte Group) exceeds 15,000 miles. The Mainland coast is protected from ocean storms by thousands of islands, which serve to form a vast, land-locked maze of waters, teeming with sea life of many varieties,—from the mighty whale to the tiny sardine—while the beaches are alive with shell-fish. Beyond this great natural fish preserve, the North Pacific and Behring Sea afford deep-sea fishing grounds eclipsing the North Atlantic in their wealth of food fishes. Although the British Columbia fisheries show remarkable development in some branches, it may be confidently stated that the Industry is still in the initial stage, for 80 per cent. of the yearly output is credited to salmon, which (with the exception of halibut) is the only fish which has so far been taken in large quantities. During the year 1917 the value of fish caught and landed in the Province was over twenty-one and a half million dollars ($21,500,000)... For information regarding British Columbia’s Fisheries, write The Bureau of Provincial Information MICTORIA; 2s : - BS CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘'Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 81, Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. Vancouver, Canada, Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN - SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 Ib. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: - SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Paeifie Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada olin ie . ee es April, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ‘Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. 8 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ; : 3 ME Pass ee ee ee a ee ee, VP eee ea “GG” ENGINES TO THE RESCUE A “GG” ENGINE is the answer to the problem that the fishermen and the cannerymen face today. NO MORE DISTILLATE! When you install a ‘“‘“GG” Engine in your cannery tender or work boat you eliminate 90% of your power-boat grief and cut your fuel bill 75%. DOES THAT INTEREST YOU ? “GG” ENGINES not only run on cheap oil, but operate to the highest degree of efficiency on any fuel oil, either paraffine or asphalt base, of 24° gravity Baume with a fuel consumption of .58 Ibs. or 1/13 U.S. gallon per horse power hour. THINK OF THE SAVING FOR JUST ONE SEASON. The heavy oil engine is the acme of refinement among internal combustion engines and THE “GG” ENGINE is{the standard of perfection in heavy oil engines. Fe ee eA. EA Sad hen a ee Te ee "ey Our sales and engineering departments will be glad to assist you in any way to help you solve your power-boat problem, For Descriptive Bulletin. Address Dept. C-2 GULOWSEN SALES CORPORATION — SEATTLE, U.S.A. CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY LE SL eS LR en Ce ee ee ee ae ee April, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Our labels illuminate your goods attracting the attention of the consumer \ Our labels are though filly planne aro carefully executed LN = | Quality plus service | \ is our basis o/value Scumipt LrruoGrapu Co. SEATTLE ~—~ LOS ANGELES =~ FRESNO PORTLAND ~ SACRANENTO ~— HONOLULU SAN FRANCISCO 10 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920 Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, B- CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, 4//\,\ CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over j the old style, is only one of Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (o0ema cnc the cohen April, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 1] Cable Address:--“-DAVECONNOR,"" VANCOUVER. ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. I. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building - - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. ldhivene per Cabdes-/DAVECONNOR,” ; COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR VANCOUVER. D. CONNOR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION DE SAUMON _ Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements ia PRIX FRANCO 4 REFERENCE:- Union Bank ne Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, Iara et Londres, Angleterre. 4 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. eeeetin Cabteeriies D. ‘CONNO CORREDOR DE SALMON apts 2 EXPORTADOR Y COMERCIANTE ne aleatpa"tagebeagsree COMISIONISTA Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. PRECIOS C. I. F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building - - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. | Maritime Fisheries, Limited W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. D. T. SANDISON, Managing Director VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. Packers and Exporters: EXPORTERS z CANNED SALMON Solicit your enquiries for C.1.F. quotations, SCOTCH CURED HERRING your port, on the following grades of salmon FISH OIL AND FERTILIZER ener b REDS, PINKS, and more es- pecially Head Office: 802-804 Credit Foncier Bldg, Vancouver, B.C. CHUMS. Plant: Aliford Bay, Queen Charlotte Islands, Cable “GENERAL” in the following codes: British Columbia. ree ite 71 aera. Uaros 5 letter, % a) THE BRAND OF EXCELLENCE Kippered Herring Boneless Herring Fish Pastes in 4 oz. Bloaters Smoked Salmon Glass Jars Herring Chicks Kippered Salmon Bloater, Anchovy, Sealed Herring Kippered Cod Sardine Scotch Cured Herrings in Barrels, Half-Barrels and Pails Packers of :— «7, CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920 C. O. Julian & Co. “iiss Producers and Wholesale Distributors SALT _.,,. Dry Salt Oriental Herring Export 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by L anton Patents Under Dominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, peihihe edlate? MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, ‘‘Tri pine Deer Brand’’, Canned Salmon, Canned- Pilchar s, Canned Herring. Deminion Building, 207 Hastings St, Vancouver, B C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER ——— AND FROZEN FISH Corresp li Ref., Corn Ruchanee National Sank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. 236 N. Clarke St. CHICAGO Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMEN1S. The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: ST hel B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. CANNED AND FRESH ESTABLISHED 1900 HERBERT JOURNEAUX PACKER OF THE FAMOUS BAY CHALEUR BRAND FRESH SMELTS CASPE SALMON LOBSTERS Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. A LOBSTERS ppcfeSstWRthn, Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships Walter Lambert, M.1LN.A. NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting Crossley Net Lifting Machines For Steam or Gasoline Power For Fresh or Salt Water Crossley Steam Steering Gear Entirely Automatic with 9 H. ma Engine “The Machines That Have No Equal”’ Net Leads of All Sizes Write for Catalogue Crossley Lead and Machine Company, ERIE, PA. SMITH & RITCHIE FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT CORRESPONDENCE INVITED AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE ~The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. — MEN— tee MONEY You can save labor, save time, save space and facilitate handling for stor- —=j age, inspection or removal by using an Me NIE ECONOMY STEEL 3 <= TIERING MACHINE ij Write for Complete Facts on the Economy System. Made in Canada exclusively by STANDARD STEEL CONSTRUCTION CO., LIMITED STEEL BRIDGES AND BUILDINGS PORT ROBINSON : : ONTARIO \ -—— J — ~ April, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 18 | ; OIL RECOVERED The London & Petrolia . Barrel Co., Limited FISH WASTE LONDON, Ontario by Hardwood Mackerel Barrels epost pent & Company's and Half Barrels N EW M E TH O D PoWDON wang Taek ena Sentsson |] |] PHiminates pressing and drying in perfect condition. yet retains full values BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. of products EASTERN AGENT : PROCESS EIN GINEERS WELSFORD L. WATT sciin le HALIFAX, N.S. Montreal - - Canada ss The Ranney Fish Co. MES (pe }\ Cleveland, : Ohio. Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less WHOLESALE PRODUCERS. IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED. SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN 2 . " 7 F ony is 2 ll ” |FISH OYSTERS*=CLAMS a> (o\ BUFFALO.N.Y, F H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s hes Agencies Solicited The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN SHIPMATE RANGES Largest Size No limit to length. Smallest Size Body 18% inches long In going aloft, if a sailor finds a chafed or stranded rattlin the rule is “Out with your knife and cut it!”’ In coming abreast of a meal cooked on a SHIPMATE the maxim is “Out with your knife and dig in!”’ The SHIPMATE is the sailorman’s range. Made by THE STAMFORD FOUNDRY COMPANY STAMFORD, Conn. Agencies in Canada Established 1830 F. H. Hopkins & Co... .-- +++ eee eae Montreal, Que. Lipsett, Cunningham & Co. .......- Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Company, 798 Beatty St., Vancouver, B.C. Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. TH WANNENWETSGh aYOTEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. April, 1920. | dl Wa This Convenient Powdered Separated Milk LIM is absolutely fresh pasteur- K ized separated milk in its lightest and most easily transported form A dry powder that will not freeze in Winter nor sour in Summer. Klim is always fresh and ready for use. Just whip the powder into water and make as much separated milk as you need — anytime — anywhere. Fine for tea, coffee, and all cooking. In 10 pound tins—6 to the case— order from your Supply House. ae = it | nae 4 CANADIAN MILK PRODUCTS LIMITED TORONTO St. John Montreal Winnipeg COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. +2. \ nea oteage ae) aa ws Tem sere ge eae ADS ee OD mo ere 17, Reon JT cee he. ee ee ee foe Cat Paint een Lai?) a. ee eT San ee Ae Tea ere Nae Le are e oe Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address ‘“‘Lemétais Bordeaux” I Pe ee ne ee ee oi NS a ee as i ile ciara a mull. > =a 2 ue iat). 2 April, 1920 THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON \LONG COATS SLICKERS FOR FISHERMEN’S NEEDS These high class coats are durable and waterproof with corduroy collar, double shoulders and sleeves. body part lined half-way, fastened with solid brass, rust proof clasps. Every Fisherman who values his health should have one of these coats. Write for particulars and prices. For Sale by all Dealers. TOWER CANADIAN LIMITED. TORONTO. HALIFAX. WINNIPEG. VANCOUVER. Coast to Coast Service. CANADIAN FIS HERMAN 15 eV. B. The Progressive Fisherman’s Engine. 28-38 H.P. 600- 900 R.P.M. 45-60 H.P. 1000-1450 R.P.M. Completely Equipped 000.00 ‘ Designed and built under the direction of JOSEPH VAN BLERCK The Well Known Marine Engineer. Operates on kerosene as well as gasoline. Throttles down and runs continuously at 200 R.P.M. A Simple Sturdy Engine Just Right For The Service. Write for a circular The J. V. B. Engine Company Box C. 911 Goeth High Street, AKRON, OHIO. - - U.S.A WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Lo; for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al an A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the leading Marine Opticians and Ship-~Chandlers, THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street ~ Birmingham, Eng. Phone Intervale 720 S. Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York We buy White Fish and Ciscoe Roe any quantity Best Market Prices. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. ~ - N.Y., U.S. THE OLD RELIABLE A Fisherman’s Best Friend LINIMENT. YARMOUTH. Nova cecal — —- Is Part of the Ships Stores 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920 W. Irving Atwood, Prest. N. D. Freeman, Treas. W. Elmer Irving M. Atwood, Atwood. Vice-Prest. Sec'y and Mgr. ALL vA ET b= VARIETIES : OF THE FINNAN HADD SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass. NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS in N’ Cobb Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of “Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,’’ “Pacific Salmon Fisheries,’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,’’ “‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” “The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,”’ etc., etc. ; : Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited ically ~ every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fisherman and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are not utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster i Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish . MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Ete. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden cae Mullet ellowtai " Pikes Etc., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. u's BURNOIL ENGINES— .sais' hr Operate Perfectly on Cheap Fuel Oils “ NO carburetor, batteries or magneto. - pre-heating, blow torch, or hot surface. Simple, economical, sturdy. This engine can be run in- definitely at low speed, and then {immediately speeded up to maximum power, Just the type needed for fishermen where con- tinuous and severe service is essential. Starts instantly. Representatives in Eastern Canada. PYKE MOTOR & YACHT OO. 371 St. James St., MONTREAL, CANADA, BURNOIL ENGINE COMPANY 1108 High St., South Bend, Ind., U.8.A. April, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 17 O.MUSTAD & SON Mustfad Cod Toronto to Vancouver......$111.80 i: rn ’? Winnipeg to Vancouver....$ 73.75 x a *? Halifax to Vancouver.... $171.40 9? 9? 9? St. John, N.B. to Vancouver $162.60 Inclusive of War Tax. Other points in proportion. Tickets on sale, May 15th. Tickets good for stop-over anywhere and good until October 31st, 1920. Tickets good for return by way of Prince Rupert on payment of small extra fare to cover steamship journey. BERTHS ON SLEEPING CARS. We are quoting herewith the rates from Montreal! to Vancouver. Other points will be in proportion. These are the rates at present in effect and are, of course, subject to change. Lower Berth Montreal to Vancouver one way. .$18.70 Jompartment Montreal to Vancouver one way. .$52.80 Drawing Room Montreal to Vancouver one way $66.00 NOTE:—TWO PERSONS CAN TRAVEL ON A ONE BERTH TICKET IF THEY TAKE TRAIN FROM ONE POINT. A DELEGATE AND HIS WIFE CAN TRAVEL IN ONE LOWER BERTH FOR ONE LOWER BERTH FARE. HOTEL VANCOUVER. The C. P. R. Hotel Vancouver has 650 rooms and is one of the finest hotels on the North American Con- tinent. The charges are $2 per day and up for room only. Meals are a la carte at regular dining room or lunch counter cafe. RETURN JOURNEY. It is to be hoped that as many delegates as possible will return by way of Prince Rupert. The steamship journey up the British Columbia Coast is a wonder- ful experience and Prince Rupert offers many at- tractions, not alone for scenery, but as a great fishing port with splendid plants. The Association has re- ceived the following telegram from the Prince .Rupert Board of Trade :— “The Prince Rupert Board of Trade cordially in- vite the members of your Association to visit this city en route. If you will notify us when and number of persons who will come this way we will arrange to entertain them whilst in this city. We believe the many different branches of the in- dustry which will be in operation at the time of your visit should greatly interest the members of your Association.’’ Arrangements could be made in Vancouver for delegates to return via Prince Rupert and those who can spare the little extra time are urged to do so. SHERMAN April, 1920. WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE ATTENDING THE CONVENTION, First of all reserve your Hotel accomodation at Vancouver. The Secretary of the Vancouver Branch will do this for you if you will wire him J your requirements. His address is f F, E. PAYSON, Canadian Fisheries Association, 528 Winch Building, Vancouver, B. C. As there will be a tremendous rush of tourists and others to Vancouver this summer, you are ad- _vised to wire your reservations as soon as pos- sible. Next secure your railroad berth. Do this . through your local agent. He will do this for you free of charge. The Montreal delegates plan to leave by the C. P. R. TRANS-CANADA LIMITED leaving Montreal at 5 p.m. on Satur- | day, May, 29th. This train is an express, and — makes the trip to Vancouver in 92 hours—arriy-— ing in Vancouver at 10 a.m. June 2nd—a day be- fore the Convention opens. YOU ARE ADVISED TO BOOK YOUR BERTH RIGHT AWAY - WHATEVER WAY OR TIME YOU TRAVEL AS TRAFFIC WEST WILL BE HEAVY. You will be met in Vancouver by the local Re- ception Committee and transported to your Hote}. It was not possible to arrange for special train or cars as a number of the delegates are leaving for the Coast earlier and stopping over at various points. DON’T FORGET TO RESERVE YOUR HOTEL ACCOMODATION AND RAILROAD BERTR AS TRAFFIC WEST WILL BE HEAVY. SEE YOU IN VANCOUVER! JUNE THIRD, FOURTH — and FIFTH. WANTED, FOG HORN TO PROTECT LIVES, AT AMPHITRITE POINT, BRITISH COLUMBIA. A large number of fishermen operate in the vicinity of Amphitrite Point, on the West Coast of Vaneouver Island. For about three months out of the year it is extremely foggy in this locality ‘every day of this per- iod, For some time past endeavors have been made to have a fog horn on this point, and now there is a _ movement om foot to have a petition signed by every- one interested and sent to Ottawa with the idea to have some kind of warning apparatus installed at Amphitrite Point. No doubt the authorities at Ot- tawa will take action to protect the lives of the fisher- men, who operate in this locality, as it is one of the most dangerous on the British Columbia Coast, at cer- tain times. “April, 1920. _ FISHERIES DEPARTMENT ESSAY COMPETI- 5 TION UNDERWAY. Assistance of the Trade is Sought to Ensure Success. The contest instituted by the Fisheries Branch among pupils of Domestic Science Schools throughout Canada is already in full swing. The schools interested throughout Canada have been ¢ireularized to this effect: the Department offers a prize of $25.00 in each Province for the best original recipe from the standpoint of economy for the pre- ‘paration of any of the following fishes :-— Atlantic codfish, mackerel, pollock, haddock, finnan haddie, black cod, salmon, herring, flatfish (Pacific or Atlantic), whitefish, lake trout, pickerei or dore. In addition to these prizes there is another award of $25.00 for the best contribution from all parts of the Dominion. By means of this contest the Department hopes to __ develop a greater interest in the value of fish among those who are developing into our future housekeep- ers. It is hoped that the retail fish merchants and others will take advantage of this contest and co- operate with the Department to their mutual advant- _ age. Merchants might advertise, for instance, that _ _ ¢ertain fish stipulated in the contest are obtainable at their store; they might offer to give advice or offer - to show how fish should be handled, or some other __ sueh scheme. Individual co-operation will have a whole lot to do with the success of this contest. “Go WEST, YOUNG MAN, GO WEST!’ AND WHEN YOU GO WEST, MAKE IT VANCOUVER, JUNE 3rd, 4th, 5th. — _ FISHERIES PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT WILL PHOTOGRAPH FISHING INDUSTRY. 4 Arrangements have been completed between the Publicity Division of the Fisheries Branch, and the _ Exhibits and Publicity Bureau of the Department of ‘Trade and Commerce which has charge of all the mov- ing and still photographie work of the Government, whereby an expert camera man will spend two or three months in the Atlantic provinces, beginning the ist of May, for the purpose of filming and making suit- able still pictures of the various phases of the Atlantic industry. A programme is being arranged now, and the Department hopes to secure a complete picture of the herring industry, mackerel, lobster, cod and other phases which may suggest themselves as the work de- velopes. Comparatively few among the producers, it is fear- ed, really appreciate the value of moving pictures as an advertising medium. At the recent convention of the Lake Erie Fishermen’s Association delegates got some inkling into the efficacy of this medium through the splendid address of Mr. Johnson. These films of the Atlantic industry will be shown in all parts of Canada, and eventually will be screen- ed in various parts of the world, thus bringing to the attention of millions of people the extent of our fish- eries, and how they are handled. It is trusted, and there is little doubt that such will be the case, that producers and fishermen in the Ma- ritime Provinces will lend every assistance to the pho- _tographer, and do all they possibly can to make his _ undertaking a success. a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 98 MACKEREL SCOUT CRUISER TO OPERATE THIS . $PRING OFF ATLANTIC COAST. Ottawa, April 12th, 1920.—Atlantie fishermen will “be deeply interested in the Government announcement that a mackerel scouting cruiser, equipped with wire- less, is to be sent out this spring to locate the mackerel schools. This decision has been made in the hope that the fishermen will profit by this information, and that the industry from our Canadian shores will be stimulated. : As is generally known, mackerel make their first appearance over the western end of Nova Scotia each spring, about the 10th of May. They move along the coast in two or three seperate paths, one being well out to sea; another further inland, and the third along the coast. The schools seem to converge in the vicinity of Canso, and then make their way around the eastern shore of Cape Breton in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It is regarded as one of the best spawn- ing areas. There is no certainty as to which of the courses the largest body of fish will take, and the function of this scouting cruiser mill be to set out from Cape Sable about the 8th of May and cruise in an area to cover the three possible paths, about 40 miles in width, in order to locate the main body of fish. By wireless this information will be communicated to Halifax, and from there distributed by telegraph to Yarmouth, Shelburne, Lunenburg, Halifax, Canso and Barrington, and from the latter place by telephone to Wood’s Har- bour, Clark’s Harbour, and Port la Tour. It is anticipated that this information will be a tremendous help to the fishermen, and if occasion arises the scouting cruiser bulletins will be given wider circulation. After locating the schools the cruiser will keep as nearly as possible directly in front, and keep in con- stant touch with the fishing craft in order to report by wireless as to the volume of the catches from day to day. NOVA SCOTIA ITEMS. From the opening of the lobster season until March 20th, weather conditions along the southwestern shore of Nova Scotia were very bad, and up to that date no lobsters were caught and the canneries had not con- ducted any operations. Fully 75 per cent of the gear was damaged and had to be landed for repairs. The following week, however, conditions improved, and the fishermen were out to the grounds every day. Many lobster traps were set out at the first of the week, and good catches were reported. Prices range from 30¢ to 45¢ per pound for large, and 15¢ for small ones under nine inches. Some packers have sold their lobsters in shell to be consumed in Canada, instead of packing them. Two new canneries are being built, one by L. W. Hersey, Yarmouth, and the other by Shand and Hop- kins, Limited, Dog Island, to replace their old ones. The schooner ‘‘ W. G. Robertson’’ of Lunenburg, has been transferred to Yarmouth to be engaged in fishing out of that port this season. BRING THE LADIES ALONG! . VANCOUVER FRIENDS WILL GIVE THEM AN ENJOYABLE TIME, 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. : Diu en 4 nies Requirements for Imported Fish in Cuba Trade Commissioner, HUGH A. CHISHOLM Havana, February 26, 1920.—One of the most im- portant items In the diet of the Cuban is fish. In fact, it is safe to say that the average Cuban eats fish in some form at least once a day, whether he takes his meals at home or in a cafe. The statistics tabulated below show that during the six months ending Decem- ber, 1918, fish products to a value of over $3,000,000 were imported for the consumption of a population of about 2,700,000. The fish first in importance in the diet of the Cuban population is bacalao (i.e., dried and cured codfish). Fer several years Cuba has been importing the greater bulk of her supplies from Canada, and Canadian ex- porters of codfish have built up a permanent and valuable trade with this prosperous little republic where ‘‘sugar is king,’’ the value of this season’s sugar crop being estimated at over a billion dollars. The following information on the requirements of the Cuban market for cured, dried and canned fish has been elicited from experienced importers on the island. Cured and Dried Codfish Nova Scotian codfish at present dominates the Cu- ban market with American imports next in import- ance. Small lots, however, are arriving from Nor- way and are finding favor with importers on account of the excellent manner in which the Norwegian fish is cured and packed. I am told that on the whole the Norwegian article is harder and whiter and keeps better in this subtropical country than the Nova Scotian cod, but that its present high price has dis- couraged importation on any large scale. Trial orders have recently been taken for shipment of cod from Japanese exporters, whose prices are lower than the Canadian, while their product is at least equal in quality. By the time a regular steamship service is established between Japanese ports and Havana, Ja- pan will bid fair to become a serious competitor in the bacalao market of Cuba. Codfish for this market must be hard-cured in the sun, so thoroughly, that, within the maximum time limit of from six to eight months required for the pro- duct to reach the consumer, there will be no danger of loss from heat or damp. It seems that the Norwegian variety stands up well under this test, but that in not a few instances there have been losses in Canadian shipments due to the fish being kept too long in warm, damp holds, especially during the recent strike of the ‘longshoremen of Havana harbour, when ships of the Canadian Government Merchant Marine were com- pelled to wait for weeks in the harbour before their cargoes could be removed. Hard-cured codfish should be packed in strong wooden boxes with iron hoops, of 100 pounds gross weight. Hake and Tunny The last item of the statistics tabulated below shows that other preserved fish were imported in the six months ending December, 1918, to the value of over $300,000. This would normally consist for the most part of tunny, hake, and haddock, dried and eanned. When the price of codfish is extremely high a good market develops for haddock and hake, i.e. when the price of codfish goes, say, to $17 per box of 100 pounds ¢.if. In Havana, many merchants buy large quantities of haddock and hake, provided the price is around $10 to $12 ¢.if. Havana. Dried hake is also sometimes sold in bales of 100 pounds, but when this is done it must be sold at re-— duced prices as compared with the same packed in boxes. Hake or tunny may be preserved and canned in flat tins, round or squared, of 1 pound gross weight. It is mecessary, I am told, that such fish be fried in oil before canning rather than prepared by steaming. The steam method of preservation will not answer the re- _ quirements of a hot climate, and consumers in Cuba much prefer the oil-fried variety. They may also be prepared with tomatoes or pickles. A leading fish importer said: ‘‘Codfish may also be prepared and canned in a similar manner to hake, but the label must read merluza (hake) and not ba- calao, the reason being that eanned codfish is not known in Cuba, whereas the canned hake is a well- known article of food, and it is considered that the difference in taste would not be noticed. In fact any fish similar in taste and texture to hake, such - as haddock, could easily be prepared and canned in 1-pound tins and put on the market as merluza.”” Sardines Before the war Cuba imported most of her sardines from Spain in quantities running into the value of several hundred thousand dollars annually. During the war, however, importations of Spanish sardines dropped off to nearly zero, while Californian sar- dines entered the Cuban market in large quantities. The popular Spanish sardines came in 34-ounce tins prepared in olive oil and with tomato sauce. The American variety, however, came largely in 15-ounce tins, and in many eases the consumer found, I am told, that he was buying vot sardines but herring and sev- eral other varieties of fish which offended his highly developed sardine taste. Many of these varieties were prepared with cotton seed and mustard oil whieh the Cuban does not like. The consumer here was foreed to buy the American variety on account of the scarei- tv of the Spanish sardines, but he insisted on a con- siderable reduction in price when he found it was not the article he had been aeeustomed to buy. Now that importations of Spanish sardines have been resumed the consumption of the American variety has fallen away. 2 ; Herring A comparatively small quantity of dried red herring _is imported into Cuba. These are imported in small wooden boxes containing 100 to 150 fish, according to size. They may be imported only during the winter as the high summer temperature in Cuba would cause decomposition. A market for small kerrings could be found by preparing them in tomatoes and putting them up in flat tins, squared or rounded. Such herrings should not, however, be smoked for this market, as some _ packers are in the habit of doing. Salmon The market for canned salmon is largely among the _ English-speaking population of the island, so there “need be no change in existing anethods of canning. The import statistics show no salmon entering Cuba direct from Canada. This should be remedied by Canadian ecanners having direct representation in Cuba. — CANADIAN FISHERMAN 95 Methods of Marketing Canned Fish in Cuba The first consideration of the Canadian canner in introducing goods into this country should be the es- tablishment of his brand. Once a brand is established, and provided the quality is kept up, new brands, even at lower prices, would have a very difficult time getting in. Once the pioneer work is done, a brand of good quality will always sell itself even at increased prices. The Canadian canner therefore who seeks a market here must be prepared to facilitate in every way and contribute to the introduction of ‘his brand. There are several reputable commission wholesale houses in Havana with whom the Canadian exporter could advantageously take up the introduction of his products. The months for soliciting orders are Au- gust and September, for shipping during the winter from October to April. Shipments during the summer months are dangerous for dried or cured fish. Canadian exporters must be prepared to quote prices ¢.if. Havana and give sixty to ninety days eredit. Nearly all Cuban importers get eredit from their foreign shippers, and if Canadian exporters ex- pect to do business in a serious way with this country they must also give credit. IMPORTS OF FISH INTO CUBA (Special Correspondence. ) The Department of Fisheries has issued an order, _ providing that in issuing licences for unused weir- sites preference shall be given to the application of ex-service men. In St. John and Charlotte Counties, N.B., the Department has usually issued licences at a cost of $5.00 for about 120 sites, upon which no weirs have been erected. In the past weir owners usually _ took out licences for neighboring sites in order to re- strict the competition. But now the ex-service men swill have first choice of the unoccupied sites, and furthermore if any site is not utilized by Aug. 31st, its licence will be cancelled, and it will be offered to any- body prepared to erect a weir. This regulation has not found much favor with the old weir owners Weir owners in the Bay of Fundy District are now tting their weirs in shape for the summer fishing. Little information has been made public as to the plans of the Maine packers but they have disposed of most of their stocks, and an active season is anticipat- ea : Seeond Six Months, 1917. Second Six Months, 1918 Dried Codfish— Quantity Value Quantity Value i United States <2 2: 2255s -. >. Th.” 3,509,090 $442,323 Ib. 6,375,717 $1,026,865 Denne) eg ee ee SY 5, 8,082,857: 903,857 9,064,786 1,256,459 aren miedo. 86 ei oe, 48,906 4,83: 70,469 18,096 Ry ere ee ee gas i 16,841 5,077 - Herrings— Car EGE a oN Se Neer NE 254,449 14,776 201,420 18,548 Pana ete ok oes ,, 95,636 5,658 227,683 23,190 PUN oes in rss) a iets ee ee 55 82,1738 5,700 6,091 702 Salmon in Tins— United States... .. .. -.... .. ..kg. 452,796 101,622 kg. 37,099 12,242 Preserved Sardines— : en tee Se x. 208,006 69,639 1,237,834 359,059 ONES S08 cs 2 ee 94,215 21,865 6,400 1,640 Other Preserved Fish— : United States .. Be ara es, 582,857 144,466 368,524 121,683 es ee ss 1, OMB OTT 226,691 386,632 205,007 NEW BRUNSWICK FISHERIES. ed. Connors Bros. of Black’s Harbor, N. B. hope to operate at full capacity, but they are having difficulty arranging for supplies of tins and oils. They already have orders from Brazil, Argentine and Australia, which will take care of half their anticipated packs this year, and the reputation of their pack is such that the selling side of the business does not worry them. Grand Manan and North Shore Fisheries are making ready for the smoked herring industry. Prohibition in U. 8. has had some effect on this trade, as smoked herring were largely used on the lunch counters of saloons. But operations will be on the usual seale, and it is expected a satisfactory market will be avail- able. YOU HAVE WORRIED AND STRUGGLED THROUGHOUT THE WAR. YOU OWE YOUR. SELF A HOLIDAY. GET OUT TO VANCOUVER AND FORGET THAT SUCH A WORD AS “WORRY'' EVER EXISTED. 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. The 1920 Convention Province SS << POOn \ hay. WW Bntish Columbia in the Making By B. A. McKELVIE (in Industrial Canada). According to a local legend, two angels were sent to seek the most favored portion of the earth as the future home of a worthy nation, and to endow it with the richest gifts from Nature’s store-house. They selected the northern half of this continent, and lav- ishly bestowed on it the wealth of minerals, forests and waters which they had brought. When the work had been done, the amgels paused and surveyed it. One was satisfied, but the other exclaimed: ‘‘We have dis- tributed our treasures with an indiscriminate hand, but have left no place for the husbandmen of a mighty race.’’ So they returned to their labor and swept the riches westward, piling up treasure-bearing hills and creating fertile valleys in order to leave in the centre of the domain a rolling plain for the plough of.the tiller. Discovery of the Province. This, then, is perhaps the reason that British Col- umbia has such a wonderful proportion of Canada’s natural resources; why its great wooded mountain ran- ges, bursting with gold, silver and baser metals extend from the prairies to the sea, forming thousands of land locked harbors and witding inlets teeming with fish, while its countless valleys are productive of the best to be found in the realm of agriculture. It was fitting that the discovery of this Province should have been made by men who were seeking the Eldorado of tradition. That they found it is the be- lief of those who have the ‘‘open sesame’’ to the rock- ribbed chambers of wealth in this western land. magic words of success are, they say, ‘‘faith work.’’ Tradition says that Juan de Fuca was the first to visit this part of the Pacific Coast. The date of his journey is given as 1592, but reliable information re- specting it is not available. His name was given by a later explorer to the straits separating Vancouver Island from what is now the State of Washington. No actual record is obtainable before the year 1775 when the Bodega and Heeate visited the locality. British Columbians really date the history of their province from the arrival of Captain James Cook in 1778 on his third voyage of discovery. He had been commissioned by the British Government to explore north of the 45th degree in the hope that a passage might be discovered from the Pacifie to the Atlantic. In this, of course, he failed, but he gathered valuable data respecting the coast, and chartered the name such places as Nootka Sound, Prince William’s Sound, and Cook’s Inlet. | Chelikoff, a Russian, was the next explorer of note to arrive. He examined the country from the south- and The — west extremity of Alaska to Prince William’s Sound. This was iia 1783, the same year that the North-West Fur Trading Company was formed in Montreal to carry on business in the western wilds. Other seamen and traders followed, and in 1787 Cap- tain Barkley records the discovery of the Straits of Juan de Fuca, which he named after the Spanish nay- igator of two centuries before. The following year Captain Meares started shipbuilding on this coast when he launched the ‘‘North-West Coast’’ at Noot- ka. In 1789 a dispute arose between the British and . Spaniards over the trading rights to the country. The Spaniards seized the British post and ships. The ‘“Nootka affair’’ was the result. For a time it looked as if war might eventuate, but the settlement of the difficulty, October 28, 1790, put an end to such fears. Arrival of Capt. Vancouver. It was to settle the claims arising out of the ‘‘Noot- ka affair’’ that Captain George Vancouver was sent out by the British Govermment as commissioner. Hay- ing accomplished his mission he continued on the coast exploring the uncharted waters, and to him belongs the credit for first cireumnavigating the great island which now bears his name. _ The years. which followed are replete with tales of wild adventure and daring exploits on the part of the intrepid traders who veutured into the country in search of wealth, The first journey overland from Eastern Canada was made by Sir Alexander McKenzie, who reached tide water near Bella Coola, in 1798. Fifteen years later Simon Fraser explored the river, named in his honor, reaching the Gulf of Georgia along its banks. The boundary between Alaska and the British ter- ritory was fixed by a treaty between Great Britain and Russia in 1825. The same year Fort Vancouver now in the State of Washington, was located. The Hudson’s Bay Company, the trading organ- ization which had so much to do with the development of Canada since its incorporation in 1670, was given exclusive privileges in the western country in 1836. In 1842 this company selected Victoria as its head- quarters on the coast, aad the next year erected a fort and stockade. Settlement was fairly rapid about Vietoria, with the result that in 1849 Vancouver Island assumed the status of a crown, colony. Fort Nanaimo was founded in 1852, following the discovery of coal at that place two years before. The old bloeckhouse is still stand- ing in an excellent state of preservation, in the busi- ness section of the city. The stockade, however, dis- appeared | many ‘years ago with the growth | of the town. - - The first elections on Vancouver Island were held on - Ausust 4, 1856, and eight days later the first Legis- lative Assembly convened at Victoria. Gold was discovered on the Fraser and creeks of the Cariboo district in 1856. Two years later there was a rush of gold seekers to the vicinity, and thus started the first real settlement of the country. A few of these pioneers who came in the first stampede are still alive to tell of those adventurous days. Tt was in 1858 that the mainland of British Columbia - became a Crown Colony, and its boundaries were de- _ fined. The capital of the new colony was located on the banks of the Fraser River. It was to have been ealled Queensborough, but Her Majesty, Queen Vic- _ toria, who was asked to name it, expressed her desire _ to have it known as New Westminster. The first session of the Legislative Assembly met at New West- - minster January 21, 1864. Vancouver Island and the “mainland united as British Columbia in 1866, the first Parliament meeting at Victoria in 1868. Two years ‘later the province entered Confederation. _ November 6, 1885, saw the connecting by steel of British Columbia amd the Eastern Provinces, when Sir Donald Smith, later Lord Strathcona, drove the last spike on the line of the Can¢dian Pacific Railway. _ The terminus of the line was to have been Port Moody at the head of Burrard Inlet, but later it was moved fourteen miles nearer the mouth of the inlet to the small settlement of Vancouver. The City. of Van- - eouver was incorporated in 1886, and was destroyed by fire the same year. Such, ita brief, has been the story of Canada’s Pac- -ifie province. In the thirty-five years which have _ elapsed since the first locomotive brought through communication from the East, the development has in - many ways been phenomenal, and as yet its natural resources are to a great extent unknown and practi- cally untouched. The discovery of gold im the Klondike in 1896-7 gave the trade of the province considerable impetus, _ ___ and laid the foundations for many of the manufactur- ____ ing plants of today. Full advantage was not taken at the time of the opportunities offered by the northern gold fields. The result was that the Port of Seattle gained a lead over Vancouver, which the Canadian city has not yet overcome. at The itdustrial development of British Columbia in ___ the days before the war was greatly retarded by local __~ conditions. Transportation problems, high wages, and eS production costs and lack of markets. Like every ps newly opened western region of great potentialities, the province suffered from the activities of the ‘‘ wild- catter’’ and his fellows, the ‘‘boomster’’ and ‘‘land __- speculator.”’ ar” From the trial and-sobering influences of war, Brit- ish Columbia has emerged keen, alert and _ sensible to the necessity for business on business lines. Land values have been reduced, and are more in keeping with their real worth. The ‘‘wild-catter,’’ ‘‘boomster” and ‘‘speculator’’ have departed, and in their place are to be fouid men ready to discuss expansion and development along sane and reasonably safe commer- cial lines. No longer is the province served by one railway. Three transcontinental lines traverse the mountain _ passes of the Rockies, opening up rich areas for set- _ tlement. Two of these are under the control of the CANADIAN FISHERMAN 97 Dominion Government, while the Provincial Govern- ment railroad is being completed this year diagonally across the province. The settlement of the coast dis- trict with its 27,000 miles of tidal shore line, is re- sulting in new and more frequent marine communi- cation. The water-borne commerce of the world is in- creasing to and from Canada’s Pacifie ports, demand- ing the construction of great concrete piers, wharves, warehouses, dry-docks, ete. The greater equalization of living conditions be- tween the western province and the older portions of Canada with the consequent levelling of wages paid in industry, the utilization of by-products, and the in- troduction of improved machinery and business me- thods have reduced the margin between production costs of the East and West. Thus British Columbia manufacturers have better opportunities in the eom- petitive markets of the Dominion. DIESEL ELECTRIC TRAWLER. The Mariner, a trawler now building for the Marine Trawling Company of Massachusetts, is to be the first privately-owned vessel fitted with Diesel electric pro- pulsion machinery.. This method of propulsion has many advantages as shown in the following description of the vessel: The craft is built of very best selected oak, hard pine and Douglas fir, and put together by the skilled workmen of Essex. Length over all 150 feet, beam 24 feet 6 inches, draft 15 feet. The machinery will be built and installed by the New London Ship and Engine Company and the Gen- eral Electrie Company, who are sparing no expense to make this the latest and best thing in Diesel-engined and electrically-operated-vessels in the country. The reputation of these concerns is sufficient to guarantee success. Installation will consist of two eight-eylinder Diesel engines, direct-connected to electric generators which produce power to drive an electric motor direct-con- nected on the propeller shaft. This electric power will, at the same time, operate the dec’s winch to raise the trawl and also drive deck winches, furnish light- ing for ship, ete. The benefits and economy of electricity are many. Take, for example, the flexibility of control of ship. The entire control of the ship is from the bridge by the captain, thus preventing misunderstanding of signals between captain and engineer, as the captain by a short lever can stop, start, reverse, go fast or slow, and reverse propeller from full spead ahead to astern in the short time of five seconds. Another benefit is that when the ship rides a sea ae is no racing of the propeller as on a steam-driven ship An important economy in an electrically-driven ship is the great saving in hold or cargo space and in weights of machinery and fuel. In a ship the size of the Mariner, if fitted with steam engines, the weight would be 115 tons, as against a weight of 56 tons when electrically driven, The weight of fuel and water for a cruising radius of 5,000 knots would be 398 tons for a steamship, against 46, tons for the Mariner. This gives an electrically-driven ship a greater carrying capacity with a smaller hull than with steam, and the original cost will be in proportion of 7 to 9 in favor of electricity and oil.—Pacifie Marine Review, 98 : CANADIAN FRENCH FISHING SCHEMES RETARDED, Ambitious Projects in Danger of Falling Through. (By COLIN McKAY.) France’s great plan for the development of her fish- eries have, like those of Germany, failed of realization so far. Germany made ambitious plans-during the war; her authorities caleulated on being able to use the bulk of the British and French fishing fleets, and their schemes provided mainly for the enlargement of the equipment of fishing ports. After the armistice France envisaged great plans for the development of her fishing fleet, her fishing ports, her cold storage, depots and refrigerator train service, evidently count- ing on being able to dispose of large indemnities from Germany. At its last session the Chamber of Depu- ties adopted a project of law, providing for expendit- ure of 200 million franes ($40,000,000 at normal ex- change) on her fishing fleets, ports and refrigerator facilities. The Marine Committee of the Senate re- ported favorably on the project, though suggesting. that until the French railway systems were improved transport difficulties would largely discount the an- ticipated benefits from the development of the fish- eries.. The Finance Committee of the Senate, how- ever, failed to report the project, and the Senate ad- journed without taking action on it. According to a recent number of Le Journal de la Marine Marchan- de, the Department of Merchant Marine was respon- sible for the delay, the reason being that the needs of the Merchant Marine are more imperative. But La Péche Maritime is of opinion that the true reason of the dilatory maneuvers was the anxiety of the Finance Committee of the Senate regarding the general finan- cial situation, and its indisposition to authorize new expenditures, in view, evidently, of the doubts as to any substantial indemnities being forth-coming from Germany in the immediate future. The French Government had, however, anticipated the ratification of the 200 million project. It let con- tracts for the construction of a considerable number of steam trawlers, and according to Mr. Duff, M.P., for Lunenburg N.S., ordered a number of fishing schooners from Nova Scotia builders. It also authoriz- ed the inauguration of important improved projects at Boulogne, Rochelle, on the Lorient, and other fish- ing ports. Now La Péche Maritime says many trawl- ers constructed by the State are lying idle in French ports because no provision has been made for loans to enable the fishing interests to buy them, and that 15,- 000 fishermen are unemployed. Moreover it is feared the Government will be obliged to abandon its pro- gramme of port development, and the construction of eold storage depots and three types of refrigerator cars especially designed for the transport of fish. Meantime Senator Farjon of Pas-de-Calais has issued a call to all the coast representatives of France to join in a movement to induce the Government to proceed with its plans, trusting to favorable action on the part of the Senate; and M. Millies-Lacroix, president of the Senate Finance Commission, defends the delay in the ground that the Senate was absorbed in treason trials and did not have sufficient time to give the project thorough consideration. WHERE ARE WE GOING IN JUNE? TO VAN. COUVER, OF COURSE, WITH THE REST OF THE GANG! : FISHERMAN April, 1920. ANDREW HALKETT’S LECTURES TO LOBSTER FISHERMEN Andrew H. Halkett, naturalist of the Fisheries Branch of the Department of Naval Service, Ottawa, has accomplished splendid work in Nova Scotia, where during the last few weeks he has been addressing au- diences on the natural history of the lobster and its conservation. or He spoke before thirty different audiences in the counties of Halifax, Lunenburg, Queens, Shelburne, Yarmouth, and Digby, his hearers totalling nearly 2,500. Of these, fully 1,200 were directly interested fishermen, and among the balance were men of promi- nence and intelligence; so that behind him Mr. Hal- kett leaves disciples who will carry his important mess- age to those whom he was unable to reach directly. Beginning at Chester, Mr. Halkett went to Hub- bards, Mill Cove, Indian Point, Blue Rocks, Rose Bay, Point Medway, Point Mouton, (twice) Liverpool, Beach Meadows, Lockport, Sandy Point, nit Cove, Clarke’s Harbour, Stoney Island, Port Latour, Wood’s Harbour, Shag Harbour, Middle West Pubnico, Port Maitland, Cape St. Marys, Meteghan, Sandy Cove, Tiverton, Freeport, Westport, Little River, and later he addressed the staff of the office of Mr. Ward Fisher, Chief Superintendent of Fisheries at Halifax. Mr. Halkett’s address was particularly interesting. After a few introductory remarks dealing in a general way with the lobster industry, he exhibited a series of twenty-eight lantern slides dealing with the natural history of the lobster during the whole course of its life, demonstrating the internal and external anatomy of the species. These slides were fully ‘explained. Afterwards there was a period of open discussion, dur- ing which some very pertinent questions were «put. This portion of the meeting often developed into the most interesting and most profitable part. Although the work of Mr. Halkett during this tour and subsequent tours has not yet succeeded in bringing all the fishermen to realize the folly of taking under- sized lobsters or in any way interfering with the nat- ural multiplication of the species, many have been con- verted. Those fishermen who were fortunate enough to hear Mr. Halkett readily realized the injury they were doing themselves, and that instead of a profit they were really a menace to the industry. PISCATORIAL PARAGRAPHS. Are you going to the Vancouver Fisheries Conyen- tion? The Pickled Fish Inspection Act is up again in the House of Commons. Here’s hoping that it will be passed for the good of the Industry. The low values of European curreney will militate against the marketing of the Canadian canned lobster pack this season. Arrangements are being made by the Publicity Divi- sion of the Federal Fisheries Department to show the members of the Imperial Press Conference something of our fishing industry. The Conference will arrive in July and it is proposed to take them to one or two Maritime Province fishing ports and later on to have them view the industry on the Pacifie Coast. a, Pe fe ie CANADIAN yer \ {(\ Wap (| bh) “ns ff S PS S FISHERMAN oy Caviar: What It Is and How to Prepare It’ By LEWIS RADCLIFF, Scientific assistant, United States Bureau of Fisheries Caviar, in the strictest sense of the work, is the roe of the species of sturgeons (Acipenseridae) prepared in the various grades as an article of food. This re- stricted use of the term is explained in that the eggs first prepared and most extensively used were those of the sturgeon, and to many persons the terni is syno- nymous with ‘‘sturgeon ecaviar.’’ Of species which do not belong to the sturgeon family, the spoonbill eat, or paddlefish, yields the highest grade of caviar. In the Mississippi Valley this product ranks next in value to that of the lake, or rock, sturgeon, the most valued of the sturgeons in United States waters. Caviar is also made from the roe of the salmon, whitefish, lake herring, carp, and other species, as will be discussed on a later page. When such caviar is marketed, the label should indicate the name of the species from which the roe was derived, thus: ‘‘Spoonbill caviar,,’’ ‘Whitefish caviar,’’ ‘‘Carp caviar,’’ etc. Failure to protect the adult sturgeon and the wan- ton destruction of the young has nearly destroyed the sturgeon-fishing industry. The expert caviar maker of former years has disappeared and now every fisher- man fortunate enough to capture a ‘‘cow’’ sturgeon endeavors to make eaviar, but through ignorance of the process his good efforts are usually in vain. It is hoped that this little paper will assist him in making better caviar, and enlist his co-operation in upbuilding the industry to the extent of using his influence for better laws and their enforcement and for’ the pre- vention of the killing of the young. Equipment.—The equipment required in the manu- facture of caviar is simple and inexpensive, consisting of the following articles: 1. A large wire sieve, with meshes large enough to permit the free passage of the eggs through them. A sieve 18 inches in diameter, with wire meshes one- fourth of an inch apart—that is, four meshes to the inech—will prove satisfactory. 2. A number of fine-meshed wire sieves large enough to hold about 10 pounds of caviar. The meshes of these sieves should be about the size ordinarily used in flour sifters. A convenient size is one about 14 inches in diameter with 16 to 20 meshes to the inch. 3. A wooden tub in which to mix eggs and salt. 4. Shipping containers:-Half barrels, small wooden tubs, clean butter firkins, and tin pails. 5. A quantiy of German Luneburg salt, or American or English dairy salt. Owing to the unusual con- ditions abroad, the supply of Luneburg salt in this *U. S. Bureau of Fisheries Bulletin. country is now (January, 1916) practically exhausted. How to make Caviar.—The main steps are outlined below, followed by a more detailed description of the process. : 1, All utensils should be thoroughly clean, 2. Bleed the live fish and remove the roe at once. 3. Place the roe on the coarse sieve over the wooden mixing tub and gently rub the roe, freeing the eggs and allowing them to drop through the meshes of the sieve into the tub. 4. Add 1 pound of Luneburg salt or one-half pound of American dairy salt to every 12 pounds of roe in the tub. 5. Using both hands, thoroughly mix the eggs and salt for five to eight minutes, until a foam or slime forms on the top of the egg mass. 6. Allow the egg mass to stand for 10 minutes and then mix again for a few minutes. By this time a copious brine should have been formed so that the eggs will pour readily. 7. Pour the eggs into the small sieve, 8 to 10 pounds to a sieve, and drain for at least one hour or until the brine is entirely drained off. 8. Pack in tubs or other containers for shipment. Containers should be as nearly air-tight as possible. 9. Do not mix eggs from different fish, but pack each in a separate containers if possible. 10. If the product is not shipped at once it should be kept in a cool, but not freezing, temperature. After the egg mass settles, the containers may be refilled before they are headed up. As soon as captured, he ‘‘cow’’ sturgeon should be taken ashore and bled, the simplest method for bleed- ing the fish being to cut off the tail. All utensils to be used in the preparation of _caviar should be thoroughly cleaned. Remove the roe at once, keeping it from contact with fresh water, which tends to soften and break the shells, and do not expose the eggs to the direct sunlight. Do not use the roe of fish that have been dead for some time, nor that of ‘‘runners’”’ —ripe fish. Place the roe on the coarse sieve over the large wooden mixing tub. Using the full palm of the hand, the operator rubs portions of the roe on the sieve, separating the eggs from the tissues which bind them together and permitting them to pass separately through the meshes of the sieve into the tub below. The operator should avoid rubbing the egg mass hard enough to force pieces of the tissue and other foreign matter through the meshes into the mass of eggs collec- ing in the tub. Any foreign matter which escapes into the tub should be picked out as the eggs are mixed. _ 100 When the rubbing has been completed there will still be a few eggs adhering to the bottom of the sieve. These may be scraped off with the fingers and all other matter discarded. This discard is sometimes used for fish bait. Operators who prepare large a- mounts of eaviar will find it convenient to fit the coarse sieve over the zine-lined trough and rub the eggs into it. One type formerly used was 18 inches deep and two feet wide by 4 feet long. The bottom was sloping and had an opening at the lower end, elosed with a sliding door underneath, the eggs being drawn off through the opening into the mixing tub. The eggs which look like small shot, are now ready for salting and mixing. Using one of the small sieves, sift the salt, which should be dry and free from lumps; into the egg mass, in the proportion of about 1 pound of Lunenburg salt, or one-half pound of American or English dairy salt to 12 pounds of roe. While these proportions will give satisfactory results if the caviar is properly handled, the instructions of the various canners differ slightly as to the amount of salt required. The amount advocated by most of them ranges from 5 to. 10 pounds of Luneburg salt for each 100 pounds of roe, and one canner, at least, recom- mends the use of 12 or 13 pounds of this salt to 100 pounds of roe. To those useing the dairy salt, one advises the use of only 4 pounds of salt to 100 pounds of roe, stating that more than this will impart a woody taste to the caviar; another advises the use of the same amount of dairy salt as of the Luneburg salt. In such instances the fishermen are advised to follow the in- structions of the canner to whom the caviar is shipped. As soon as the required amount of salt has been weighed out and added, the mass should be thoroughly mixed. Use both hands*for this and mix earefully, avoiding unnecessary breakage of eggs. At first the egg mass will be sticky, but the strong affinity of the salt for the watery constituents of the eggs causes it to abstract this water, forming a brine. The mix- ing should be continued for five to eight minutes, un- til a foam or slime gathers on top of the egg mass. Allow the eggs to stand for 10 minutes and then mix again for a few minutes. By this time a brine will have formed and the eggs are ready to be poured. If the operation has been properly carried out, a slight noise, like small pieces of glass rubbing against one another, is perceptible when the mass is stirred. Now pour the eggs into the small sieves, 8 to 10 pounds to a sieve, and drain for about an hour. Some dealers complain of receiving improperly drained ‘‘soupy’ caviar. When such eaviar is received, it has to be drained again and the fisherman is paid for the bal- ance. This often leads to misunderstandings which the fisherman can avoid by properly draining until the mass will crack open if the bottom of the sieve is pushed up at any point. Some operators place the sieves on sloping planks with a strip nailed along each side tto facilitate draining. When properly drained, the eaviar is ready for packing and shipping. Do not unnecessarily disturb draining eggs, and in empty- ing the sieves do not dip the caviar out but turn the sieve upside down over the shipping container and allow the contents of the sieve to fall out in mass. If possible, prepare light and dark varieties of roe separately, as the mixing of the two gives the product a speckled appearance, which is less valuable than eaviar of uniform eolor. Do not under any conditions use ‘‘preservaline’’ or other preservative, Shipping CANADIAN FISHERMAN “ April, 1920. containers should, if possible, be completely filled and should be as nearly air-tight as possible. After the process has been completeed, all utensils should be thoroughly cleaned and stored where they will not corrode. The impression of some fishermen that the more salts added the heavier will be the caviar is wrong. The addition of salt extracts the water from the eggs and | reduces their weight. For the caviar to retain its delicious flavor, the roe must be mildly cured. If an excess of salt has been used, the caviar on being treat- ed by the canner will taste so strongly of salt as tO be practically unsalable. The only changes m the amount of salt depend upon temperature conditions. In cold weather as little as 1 pound of the Luneburg salt or one-half pound of the dairy salt to 18 pounds of roe may be sufficient, but in very warm weather as high as 1 pound of Luneburg salt or one-half pound of the dairy salt to 9 pounds of roe may be required. If the roe is too ripe and the entire egg mass is soft and tender to the touch, it may be put into a strong brine until it is thoroughly ‘‘struck’’ with salt. This, — however, makes an inferior grade of caviar. The roe properly prepared is the finished produet—eaviar— and receives no further treatment except to put it through pasteurization process when it is eanned, so that it will keep. It is then packed in earthen or glass jars or in especially prepared tin cans which will withstand the corrosive action of the salt. ‘% NOTES ON SEA FISHING RESULTS FOR FEB- RUARY Stormy weather prevailed on the Atlantie Coast during the greater part of the month. In faet, one Officer on the Western part of Nova Seotia reported that only two days were fit for fishing, yet the aggre- gate catch of cod, haddock, hake and pollock is a- bout equal to that of February last year when fine weather conditions ruled. The quantity of smelts taken from the 1st to the 15th of the month when the season for net fishing closed, was 12,559 ewts, against 8,812 ewts, for the same period last year. The lobster fishery opened in the Counties of Charlotte and St. John, N. B. on the 15th November last, and in the other Bay of Fundy Counties of Albert, N. B. to Annapolis, N. B. on the 15th of January. The quantity landed up to the end of February was 5,842 ewts, against 3,506 for the same period last year. Weather conditions were favorable for fishing on the Pacifie Coast and results were satisfactory. The — herring catch in the Vancouver Islands Distriet a- mounted to 219,780 ewts. against 173,894 ewts. for February last year. The bulk of the catch was dry salted for the Orient. American and Canadian ves- sels landed 12,335 ewts. of halibut against 9,769 ewts. for the same month last year. Total value of seafish at the point of landing on both coasts was $649,108. For the same month last year the value amounted to $597,236; being an increase of $51,- 872. One fisherman belonging to Charlotte County, N. B. was drowned in the course of the month, DON'T FORGET TO BRING THE WIFE ALONG, CANADIAN FISHERMAN <2 101 MONTREAL FISH FACTS AND FANCIES. BySTHE DREAMER ‘Montreal, April 17.—The lenten season is over and business is good, is the report all over the city, Deal- ers are now preparing for fresh caught. stock and _ prospects are good from the source of supply. ‘Two retail fish dealers in the city will be obliged ' to discontinue business on May Ist owing to the fact that their stores have been rented over their heads and they are unable to find other locations. _ his may seem very strange to the reader. Just imagine in a great city like Montreal being unable to secure a store to sell fish in? Of course there are stores and stores, but these fish men are proud of their wares and desire a good location to sell a good article. + Could we call a proprietor of a vacant store a _ loyal Canadian who, at the very outset, when he en- quires what you want the store for and you mention __ fish, he acts as though he was doing a ‘“‘Shimmy”’ and, absolutely refuses poimt blank to allow his property to be contaminated with such a horrible, degrading, article? _ These proprietors have a vision of a fish store that is a “‘Smelly Filthy Place.’’ The writer knows every fish market in this city and without fear or favor can gay that Montreal Boasts of Fish’ Dealers, who know that a filthy store and lack of Pride in the business _ is a short road to failure. We have a crowd of successful dealers who are _ proud of the calling and hamdle their business with precision, keep clean stores, well kept displays give _ prompt, up to the miunte service, neat packages, and are well worthy of national support. All this (and a whole lot more could be added to it) only faces us with the fact again that there are thous- ands today uneducated about the real importance of our calling. A eartoom appeared in the current issue of the N. Y. Fisheries Gazette, showing a bit of the ocean with . Fishing Trawler called the ‘‘Fishing Industry”’ oug! her way through the sea steering clear of - of rocks which are labelled‘‘ Dull Business’’ ‘‘ Slow «Tis an honest trade; ; - ’Twas the apostle’s own calling.” Sales’’, ‘‘Stagnation’’, etc., ete., ete., the channel the ship is making for is marked ‘‘Prosperity’’. Her reaching the desired safe channel depends wholly up- on her trustworthy pilot who is labelled ‘‘ Advertising aad Publicity Work’’ the title of the cartoon is ‘‘The only pilot to steer the ship through the rocks to pros- perity.’’ Each and every steer of Advertising or Publicity we can give to the trade is a step in the right direc- tion. If we can only get on common ground and shoulder this pioneer work altogether, obstacles such as have been reported here will cease to exist. Do the clerks in your store like Fish? If he eats, and enjoys fish he ean convinee the customer that it is good. Perhaps you have never suggested to him to have a feed of it often. Make him a Booster this way. Give him his fish at cost. He is often asked if such a fish is nice. How can he answer it? It is hard for the small dealer to spend large sums of money in publicity work. But he can use other means. For instance, the Bare walls in his store and the Fromt can be used to tell a story to the Passer-by and the Customer.—‘‘How to Build up the Country,” “‘Develop Brains,’’ ‘‘Beat old Hi Cost,’’ ete., ete. At- tractive and neat title Posters from the sign writer only cost a few cents each and earn dollars for the enterprising dealer. A Fish dealers Club is not an impossibility. If this catches the eye of one who would like to Bequeath some of his gain in a great work, give an institution like this a start. Some place where the Little and Big Fish heads can go any evening and talk shop. The upkeep of this would be simple, were it given sufficient help to start it. Were we only to realize the REAL National import- ance to our Country of our Trade, and have faith in it, what a field of opportumity we have ahead, and what a lot we are missing. The so called slavery of it would be a ‘“‘pienic’’ and the end would be invisible. CANADIAN 102 FISHERMAN April, 1920. for publication. Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable ‘*SEE YOU IN VANCOUVER ”’ V ancouver is Getting Ready for You. By the time you read this, the mail will be bringing you all kinds of invitations and descriptive matter telling just how much you are going to miss if you do not come to Vatacouver to the CANADIAN FISH- ERIES CONVENTION, June 3, 4 and 5. Every man in the fish business in British Columbia is planning to close up his desk, and show the people from other parts of the country just what kind of a place this is out here. Everything is ready except the arranging of the many small details. It is impossible to give the names of the different committees at this time, but we cat say that they will be a live efficient lot of executives. When Al. Hager takes hold of anything you may be sure that something is doing. Our new chairman of the Vancouver Branch, Mr. F. E. Burke is right on the job, and he is thinking up all kinds of things to make life interesting to every one at the convention. Any of you fellows back East that know Jim Eekman can just about imagine what he is doing now. Speak- ing of making life interesting, this man certainly is making life interesting for everyone conuected with the convention; he is sure one ‘‘Johnny go get ’em’’, There isn’t a loose dollar anywhere around town but what he has got his eye on it, and that means we have got the stuff that greases the ways. Then there is MeLeata (Mac), and Henry Doyle, and Frank Mil- lerd. These men are some of the live Cannery men that are helping out on the job: Then there is George Buttimer, and Oh! say! if none of vou fellows have ever met Charley Julian, vou know all about it, but if not, be sure and meet him. Ile will be on the job. (By the way he has been to China). Mr. Sterret will be up from California to see his old friends, and Bob Payne has his foot on the accelerator. Just bear this in mind, The Vancouver Branch is the largest branch of the CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION, and we are making plans that will make this the most successful Fisheries convention, ever held on the contineat. A great deal of the sue- cess will depend upon the attendance. This is up to the out of town members. We want you here. Make your plans, and bring your families along. _ One important committee is the LADIES committee, and this is being selected with great care. Plans are being made that will take care of the eatertainment of every lady in the party. Shopping, teas, golf, ten- nis, swimming, sight-seeing,. auto rides, and anything that the visiting ladies will wish to make there stay enjoyable. Fred Wallace, the National Secretary is planning to be in Vancouver a week ahead of the first delegates, and we would like to have every che that plans to at- tent the convention advice him as early as possible, and also let us know as soon as possible just what day and train you expect to arrive on. The reception com- mittee plans to meet every train and boat, and there will be autos in waiting to take you and your party to your hotel. Amother matter that is important in this connection is that by letting us know when you are coming as far ahead as possible will enable us to have your hotel reservations arranged for, and as we know just what day you will arrive, we will have your room all ready for you. Vancouver is going to be a great convention city this Summer, and this is the first one ia June so that it is essential, to se- eure hotel reservations, that you advise us as early as possible when you expect to arrive in Vancouver. To give an idea of the interest that is being taken by those connected with the fishing industry we know of a man who handles canned salmon, aud this party is making a trip all through the East and the U, S,, and is extending a personal invitation to handlers of canned fish wherever he goes to attend the eonven- tion. Many of the big Eastern houses handling canned ned fish have never heen to the Pacific Coast, and have never seen a salmon cannery. These men are - going to have a hearty invitation extended to them, we hope there will be a good number of them come out. _ Now then make your plans, aad come on out and see our great big country, take part in our convention, and help make it the success we know it will be. You will sure be sorry you didn’t come, if you don’t get out here with the bunch. _ THE FISHERMEN’S SIDE TO THE EMBARGO a QUESTION IS NOT THE ONLY SIDE. British Columbia Labor Loses More Than Fishermen. _ Not all the figures in connection with the export of raw salmon from British Columbia have been pub- lished yet, and when they are, perhaps the men em- he in other industries, which are allied to the ishing itadustry, and which lose out by the export of raw fish, may have something to say in regard to this important question, which has been agitating those en- gaged in the industry for many years. It is to be oped that the Minister, Hon. Mr. Ballantyne, has not give any definite decision in connection with the embargo question, and will not do so until he has me definite data. — ‘There is every reason in the world why the embargo should be put into effect for at least three years, and give the British Columbia canneries a chance to de- mstrate what they can do in that time to take care of all the fish offered atid at the proper prices. This ‘is aside from the chance to conserve the fish, and this side of the question apparently is irrelevant to the fisherman as long as he gets a market for all he can sell, at prices which please him. One point the fishermen do not bring out is the in- stances last seasota when many lots of salmon were en to the American canneries, and then because ey could not get their prices the fish were destroyed. _As Mr. A. L. Hagar told the fishermen at a recent ‘meeting in Vancouver, if they would give the British Columbia Canner a chance to see what they could do in regard to building up a trade in the chum salmon x two or three years, he was sure they would find a market here at home for all the raw fish they could ‘produce, and at prices that would equal if not better the prices they would get with conditions as they are now. On the other hand they would have the cleaned out with things going on as they are at present as they would have no fish left. If the Ameri- can Canner is unable to seeure the chum salmon that he takes from the British Columbia canners, he would be unable to fill orders for this variety and that would enable the British Columbia Canner to step in and get these orders, with the result that in a couple of years time the canners here would be able to take un- limited quantities of the lower grade of fish. Aside from the furnishing of supplies such as groe- eries, meats, gear and other articles, which means em- ployment for all kinds of white labor, as the results A of their labor would be used if the raw salmon were _ not shipped out of the country. These are the Logger, _ the lumber mill employee, the box factory employee, the can factory employee, the nail factory employee, the printers, and others in the transportation com- panies. These are all made to suffer to benefit one class of those engaged in the industry. A few dollars less to one branch of the industry for the time being, when it means a saving of thousands to the entire in- dustry, should be a strong reasom for putting into ef- a law that has been needed for a long time past. Be 3 « CANADIAN FISHERMAN 103 NEW GENERAL MANAGER FOR B. C. PACKERS ASSOCIATION. Mr. W. H. Barker, who has been general manager of the B. C. Packers Association, as well as president, has resigned as general manager and Mr. J. M, White- head has been appointed in his place. Mr. Barker still retaits the presidency of the Company. This appointment was made at a meeting of the Company at the head office, and the election of directors re- sulted as follows: W. H. Barker, president, Aemilius Jarvis, Toronto, vice-president, Campbell Sweeney, William Braid, Robert Kelly, J. M. Whitehead, E. FB. Evans, all of Vancouver; A. C. Flumerfelt, Victoria; Sir Henry Pellat, Toronto; F. W. Rollins, Boston; Mark Workman, Montreal; C. H. Smithers, Montreal. Mr. L. Doucet was re-elected secretary-treasurer. Ia his annual report, Mr, Barker refered to the dividends that had been paid last year amounting to $234,881.00, and also to the fact that in August last, the rate had been raised from 5 to 6 per cent. It was shown that the assets of the B. C. Packers was rapidly approaching $5,000,000.00. That the cheaper grades of salmon on hand would be disposed of at inventory prices, was the belief ex- pressed by the president. DEFIANCE PACKING CO. ASSETS TO BE SOLD AT AUCTION. On the 3rd of May, 1920, the assets of the Defiance Packing Co., Ltd., will be sold at auctioa. The oper- ation of the two cataneries of this company by Bal- four, Guthrie Co., for the creditors of the company during the 1919 season was not at, all successful owing to certain conditions. The liquidator in his report believed it was for the best interests of all to dispose of the assets at the best figures obtainable. This opiaion was concurred in by the creditors, and the sale will take place as above noted. ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF DOMINION FISHERIES HAS BEEN BUSY DURING PAST SEASON IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. Mr. John McHugh, resident Engineer, for the Dom- inion Fisheries in Vancouver made a trip to Northern B. C. during March to arrange for the construction of a float for the fishery patrol boats at Prince Ru- pert, and other matters concerning the coming sal- mon season. Mr. McHugh reports that the Lakelse Lake Hat- chery will be completed this Summer, and will hold a total of 10,000,000 eggs. Just as soon as travel per- mits supplies and construction material will be rushed to the site from Terrace. Another important matter which Mr. MeHugh ar- ranged for while at Prince Rupert was for the repair- ing of the fish way in the Meziadin River, so the sal- mon could get the Meziadim Lake. This lake is at the head waters of the Naas, and is a spawning ground for the sockeye. The party which will attend to the repairs will leave Stewart in June or early in July this season, and will complete the repairs in time for the Sockeye run. The fishway, which is referred to is constructed in a series of locks. The fish by passing from one lock to another avoid the negotiation of a considerable waterfall. 104 CANADIAN B. ©. GOVERNMENT ASSISTS GAS ENGINE BUILDERS, AND BOAT BUILDERS. The provincial department of industries have loaned Ordano Brothers, of Cowichan Bay, Vancouver Is- land, $1,500.00, to assist in their boatbuilding busi- ness. These brothers recently returned from overseas, and will inerease their plant. They are builders of fishing craft. The Vivan Gas Engine Works of Vancouver se- cured a loan from the department amounting to $15,- 000.00. This concern is turning out a heavy duty engine, which is being used extensively in the fish- img business, 1920 CANNED SALMON PACK. It is pretty early in the season (March 30th) to make atay analysis of the canned salmon situation. All kinds of reports are coming from all over the world as the condition of the markets. Some reports from the U. K. are to the effect that quite a lot of the 1919 pinks are still on hand, and no definite idea as to the chances of the stocks moving before the 1920 packs would be at hand-ean be obtained. On the other hand one hears of the new prices talked of for 1920 sock- eyes such as $18.00 atnd no one at all willing to ac- cept at this price. Without doubt the market for any variety of red meated salmon will be good, but those packers who are also in the habit of having a certain amount of pinks will naturally wish to move their lower grades of fish at the same time. For this reason until there is some certainty regarding the mar- ket for the lower grades the price of sockeyes and other red varieties will be an uncertainty. Another factor at the present time is the question of salmota regulations for 1920. If the coast stays open as the 1920 regulations call for there will be a great uncertainty in prices to be paid for, and in the cost of production of raw stock. There is one certain fact, and that is that costs are much higher in every way than in past years, and during the past 4 or 5 years every other commodity has advanced in price much more than canmed fish. With the increased cost of production this year, this means that there will be an advance in the price of the finished product. THE P,. DOREEN HITS ROCK. The well known auxiliary halibut boat P. Doreen struck a rock in Skidegate Channel recently, and the damage to her bottom necessitated her drydocking for repairs upon reaching Prince Rupert. The Nideros towed the Doreen to Skidegate where temporary re- pairs were made, after which she proceeded to Prince Rupert under her own power. VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FISH MARKET. Halibut.—Fresh halibut has been very scarce and will continue so until the weather changes. The past month has been one month of bad weather on the Pa- cific coast and poor catches have been the result. Fresh Live Cod.—Fairly plentiful and the prevailing price has been 8c. Fresh Spring Salmon.—Price is fluctuating from 24¢ down according to supply which has been uncertain on account of the weather on the west coast of Van- eouver Island. FISHERMAN Carp.—London Fish Company, Ltd., still receiving live fresh carp. Sable Fish. Searce owing to bad weather. Smoked Cod Fillets.—The London Fish Co., Ltd. are smoking these cod fillets and report a keen decrease to 15¢ per lb. Try some of these when ordering from your wholesaler. Crabs.—F resh local caught are searee. : Cents per lb. Halibut chicken .. .. . 2 aS ae ee Red Springs (heads off) . . eee ee 3 pee White Springs (heads off) . 10 Ling Cod (plentiful) .. ... Ree ty Se Grey: Cod (searce): 3420s oe see eee moe Red: Cod: (ronnd).: s3 accuse ks j 5 to 6 Oolachans 5,60... gehin) 34 Be wa ses ee Soles and. Brills 2.0.00, 00.0% ayeige os 3 Herring .. 3 to 5 Skate . Bick hued Ske pleats neater eee Perch si sie eis cs Saleless Ca we a ree ere ee Shell Fish. : s Crabs (scarce) (per dozen) $1.25 to sho0, lara $1.75 CL-1AYEO 30 us is he oe eC $2.75 Shrimps .. . 22 to 25 Claniss 3332 se : “ .4 tod Vancouver Prices Smoked and Salt Fish. Smoked Sable Fish sete cod, Bihan i, ee Kippered Sable Fish .. .. Spa i a Fillets Sable Fish . ee De Cele: eee Fillets, Cod . ba. eal oe be Smoked Pink ‘Salmon (vhole) . 0 Sete eee Kippered Salmon . : Be 18 to 20 Bloaters.27s) 5." «Ve. Kippered Herring . Joes sal ao Eastern. Hadiie ..... s/o or 14 Western Haddie .. .. pao Herring Chicks in bundles of 5 boxes (per box).. Salt Herring: Medium, 900 to 1000 count, 250 Ibs. net . pata Medium, 1400 to 1500 count, 250 Ibs. net .. 7.50 Large, 200 lbs. .. .. . Peery rail ah! hoe Large, 100 Ibs... 0. dea Large; 50lbs.... .. Lee pe aha ne a Salt Sable Fish (Black Cod) : “ee 200 Ibs. . ieee ee ~ $22.00 101 oe 12.00 60 Ib. (Kit.) ..s.... ¢. cs ve ee er Salt Pink Salmon: e 200 Tha. 2 ee eS SS a ee LOO Sips wae eo ae. aes ole we 8.50 SU: lbRas sks ee Saag 475 Salt Grey Cod: 50 to 200 Ibs.; per Ib. Sc ee 10 Huge fares of codfish appear to be the order of the day from the Atlantic banks of late. Boston and Gloucester have recently received some humper trips ex steam trawlers. The National Fish Company’s steam trawler ‘‘Ve-- nosta’’ recently landed a fare of 400,000 lbs. of fresh fish at Halifax after a week’s trip. This constitutes the record so far. Capt. Gjert Myhre, formerly of the trawler ‘‘Triumph’’ sunk by German submarine in August 1918, is master of the ‘‘ Venosta.’’ April, 1920. ra ea . —— Ta peewee Pee aa amt hal il oh April, 1920. => —* cg FS taeeee SS ay ar.8 =~ ro iE i : ) i reccomtle" CANADIAN FI Ri Foe °7 SHERMAN 105 “th eral atl NEW FISHING TUG LAUNCHED. An interesting event took place at Port Stanley on March 27th., when the new fishing tug ‘‘Demijohm’’, built this winter for Hary Wollatt and John Ander- son of Windsor by Thomas Thurston and Son of _Port Stanley was launched. The event was staged with all due pomp, the christening being performed by Miss Martha Harris. About one thousatad spectators were present from London, St. Thomas and other points. The new tug will start fishing operations at once, the harbor now being free from ice. The ‘‘Demijohn’’ is 76 feet long all over and has a beam 16 feet, 6 inches with a seven foot depth of hold. Her makers claim she is made on a different model from amy eraft of the kind hitherto turned out. She has a 4” x 10°’ white oak bent frame the ribs being set 10’’ apart which makes her very strong, quickly built and cheaply turned out. T. Thurston and Son say they can set up a frame of this kind in ten days and they are at present at work on another tug of similar construction. They claim that a frame such as they are puttiag into the tugs of the ‘‘Demijohn”’ type will last eighteen years of ordinary wear. TRANSPORT FISH BY AIRPLANES. Major S. Bonnick, of the MeCarthy Areo Service of Toronto and Cochrane is responsible for the an- nouncement that. an attempt will be made early this summer to place the salt water fish of James Bay in Toronto within twenty four hours from the time they are taken from the water of the bay. He stated that his firm had a sigmed contract to make the experiment in order to learn whether the James Bay fisheries could be made commercially profitable. The MeCar- thy firm which has planes located at Cochrane, has agreed to take fish nets to James Bay, and bring the fish to Cochranes where they will be placed on the train for Toronto, A little more than two hours will be required for the trip from the Bay to Cochrane. WANT CONCRETE DOCK AT KINGSVILLE. A. 8S. Brown of Kingsville, President of the Lake Erie Fishermen’s Association, was in Toronto this week om his way back from Ottawa where he was one of the delegation from Kingsville to interview the Min- ister of Public Works in advocacy of the construction of a conerete top on the dock in that, place in the fish- ing and other interests. Application was also mad have the electric lime extended on to the dock. TO BUILD PLANT IN OWEN SOUND. The Dominion Fish Company has purchased a site in Owen Sound and if they are granted some slight concessions from the town will build a conerete and brick structure for the handling of fish from Georgian Bay and Lake Huron Points. It is apparently the intention of the company to centralize their fishing business at Owen Sound but they wil. maintain de- pots at Wiarton, Southampton and other points on the lakes. Mr. Noble, superiatendent of the Dominion Transportation Company, states that another boat will shortly be placed on the route between Owen Sound and the Soo, making possible a tri-weekly service be- tween Owen Sound, Meaford and Collingwood. telat ie the te WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED Jf a VANCOUVER, CANADA. Sa —$—$ $$ $ — —— — - - $$ ~_ = ———— Tell Your Fee oy That he can sell a case of WALLACE’S CANNED HERRING where he sells a can. A man buys a box of apples. Why nota case of canned herring? It will keep indefinitely. TRY IT. W ALLACE a ce LIMITED VANCOUVER BLOCK, - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Pernt FOOD PRODUCTS Canadian - American - Oriental Salmon — Herring Pilchards Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Canadian Canned Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp—Milk— Honey—Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts Cured and weikee ag.) bh ag th Lea © e— " apioca — ole Spice — Oils — Tallow—Apples —Potatoes--Onions Smoked Fish —Lumber. O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Ltd. HEAD OFFIC E: VANCOUVER, CANADA Associate Offices: Seattle, San Francisco (U.S. A.); Kobe Japan, CABLE ADDRESS: ‘“‘BRITSALMON” Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver canis sooness: BIRKS CRAWFORD & CO. <# “BIR CRAW A.B.C. 5th 325 Homer St. BENTLEYS VANCOUVER VANCOUVER, -_ B.C. ARMSBYS Picts CANNED FISH egz OUR SPECIALTY—ACTING AS BUYER’S CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES C. I. F. Prices Quoted 114(80) CANADIAN Installed in the Miami aquarium are fifty large ex- hibition tanks, one of them being the largest in America and the second largest in the world. Mr. Carl G. Fisher, of Indianapolis, a well-known fish expert, is vice-president of the Association, and the secretary and treasurer is John Oliver Lagorce, associate editor of the National Geographic Magazine _ and vice-director of the National Geographic Society. Upon the advisory Committee of the Miami Aquar- ium Association are found such distinguished scient- ists as Dr. Barton Warren Everman, international au- thority on the subject of sea-life and director of the Museum of the California Academy of Sciences; Dr Hugh N. Smith, U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries; Dr. David Fairchild, Agriculture Explorer and Biologist; Dr, Alexander Graham Bell, Inventor of the Tele- phone; Gilbert Grosvenor, president of the National Geographie Society; Prof. W. H. Longley, Department of Marine Biology, Carnegie Institution; Dr. Charles Haskins Towsend, Director of New York Aquarium: Dr. Henry Fairfield Osborn, president of the American Museum of Natural History, and a number of other distinguished scientists. FISHERMAN April, 1920. One of the first discoveries to be sought will be the link between the fauna of the deep-sea and the land, which the scientific world seeks to solve. It is here the scientists will make their first investigation, and the results so obtained will be given to the world, which seems, the scientists say, a most baffling egnima. The Newfoundland seal fisheries are a flat failure this year. Altogether the catch amounted to around 35,000 seals. It is reported that the Federal Government intent at an early date to hand over their natural resources to the Western Provinces. At least two new companies will be operating next season at Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta, viz., Mr. M. Madden, of Drift Pile, and R. Jones & Company, of Faust. Both of these concerns have stored a supply of ice. New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET S. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO Control your Boats! Save your Cargoes and Money! Keep your Fleet Under Control at all Times! Install a deForest Radiophone (Wireless Tele- phone in your boats and have instant, word- of-mouth communication between ships and shore and from ship to ship. Absolutely re- liable and dependable apparatus. Not an experiment. An established and successful apparatus now in practical operation for many acd te Can be installed in any vessel aving electricity or gas engine; and mounted in weather-proof cabinets. No operating experience necessary—just talk on the tele- phone. Inexpensive and it will save its cost in one storm. Get more complete information at once by writing to DEFOREST (Wireless Telephone) rRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING STATION. A simple wireless telephone station of modern, efficient design. RADIOPHONE the voice perfectly; clear and distinct. Connects to an ordinary electric light socket. quires no highly trained operators to meet individual requirements Varying ranges up to 30 miles. Easy to operate. Special installations can be made Get full information at once. deForest Radio Telephone and Telegraph Company 1413 Sedgwick Avenue., NEW YORK CITY Carries Re- April, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, - MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘*‘VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG ”’ “NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish J. Bowman & Co., Port Arthur, Ont. Wabakin Fish Co., Montreal, Que. A. W. Fader, Canso, N.S. CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario April, 1920, CANADIAN: FISHERMAN 83 BRANCH To All Commercially Interested -In The Fishing Industry Are you earnestly doing your very best for the development of the fisheries? Are you a believer in big profits, at any cost, to the industry ? Or, have you always in mind that it is a national property, of which you are merely a custodian? Relatively, the public is in the position of a minor who does not realize the value of a property be- queathed to him. Are you as conscientious and serupulous in the people’s interests as you would be as the executor of a private estate ? If not, why not? FISHERIES BRANCH, Department of the Naval Service, OTTAWA. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Exceptional Angling April, 1920. ——Opportunities—= are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- clusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. | To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec i ely (oe April, 1920. ’ CANADIAN FISHERMAN 85 IMPERIAL MOTORS When you buy an Imperial you are getting an engine backed by years of service so satisfactory that Imperial Motors are the standard fishing boat engines of Eastern Canada and are to be found in every fishing district in Canada and Newfoundland. They are the best that money, skill and experience can produce. General Dimensions of 5 H.P. Model ‘‘A’’ ORS OR COUR ai arate bk See Soa chee bee cap wea usec see) ow 1Behes A Re ge Pe en Sade: ee oe ee ee ae ee eros | - WEG GI Ec ai aie a: ik cs eee ce cet wee ee eeee lbs. Complete shipping weight, with outfit ... ... ... ... ...420 ? EMRMOter OLE PODOIIOn SIME CEN Cobia re wes eee Ses ert beer AS inches Diameter of Propeller, 3-blade ... ... 1... 222 see cee see 16 24 SNE CAM IMEOE cele a eth a Daa ele wes én ues bys jes 4 ae ie oer! dk inch OME, SOMME ee cr aia aa bs ck cea cehs ote ccs: © feet For full information regarding this or any other Model send for catalog. State size engine required. 5 H.P. Model ‘*A” The Motor that Makes the Mark. BRUCE STEWART & COMPANY, LIMITED. Drawer 370, CHARLOTTETOWN, : : P. E. I. Send today for this FREE AUTO GAME jaxex Heaps of fun for kiddies and grown ups alike. A cross- a country race in which autos compete. You can get it 1478 Excelsior FREE, by mailing us this coupon. Just a reminder that Life Building Toronto, Ont. Canada En-ar-co Motor Oil is the supreme lubricant for your automobile, motor or truck. Scientifically refined, it removes friction and increases power. Send me En-ar co Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- ping point and quote prices on the items I have marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year White Rose Gasoline gh” ee gals. Kerosene per year is the ideal power fuel for motor boat or other I use....gals. Tractor Oil per year engines. If you would win in the race home I use..... Ibs. Motor Grease per year from the fishing grounds, use White Rose T use. .i..... Ibs. Axle Grease per year e . . oe PE LES A | SE pertain National Frictionless Compound : Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions POUR ORH Wiisias vse OP ea bats tees esses hosed etc eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy bearings. Bamteitics os... xe. County.... Scientifically Refined in Canada by: Province. ..- Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Sold at the following sea and lake ports: (Be sure to give name of auto., tractor or boat, or game will not be sent.) HALIFAX ST. JOHN QUEBEC _ MONTREAL Automobile; am at present using................ccceccyece TORONTO _ OWEN SOUND KINGSTON Beige cabd © gh the § dl. 0 gat tea ie Bteg ty +5 SAULT STE. MARIE En-ar-co National Motor Oil. 86 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920: BUY BEAVER ee MARK BRAND FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, SMOKED HADDOCK FINNAN HADDIES, and POLLOCK BLOATERS, SALTED KIPPERS and COD, HAKE FILETS. POLLOCK and CUSK All our goods are prime stock, as every- thing we buy is prac- tically alive when re- As we smoke only the finest grade of Had- dock, the finished pro- duct should be of par- ticular interest to dis- , criminating buyers. Fish taken right out — of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thorough- ly modern smoke- house. moved from the fish- ing boats and taken into our plant. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 Ibs. New York Office ARCH 11, BROOKLYN BRIDGE Telephone Beekman 1873 Plant at Liverpool, N.S. North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. Boston Répresentative FRANK J. LEACH Boston Fish Pier, Boston, Mass. “Plant: LIVERPOOL NOVA SCOTIA E. J. Murphy, Managing Director Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. 26 PECK SLIP NEW YORK April, 1920, CANADIAN FISHERMAN - 87 (ESTABLISHED 1883). THOMAS ROBINSON GRIMSBY, England -. ™*"# 07m, oss satzsuan Agent for the sale of Newfoundland, Labra- dor and other SALTED COD and HADDOCKS. CONSULTING DIRECTOR to the CANADIAN FISH & COLD STORAGE CO., Limited, Prince Rupert, B.C. Agent for the sale and purchase of STEAM TRAWLERS, etc. , ee The LARGEST BRI- TISH IMPORTER of Canadian Frozen Fish. Bankers:— THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL “RELIANCE, GRIMSBY”. BANK OF ENGLAND LTD., GRIMSBY Branch. Telegraphic and Cable address:— CANADIAN EXPORTERS ton SHOULD ADVERTISE IN. AND SUBSCRIBE TO gE. BISH ITRADES..GAZETTE BereeneniG. koe. cs. we es 26/2 including postage 6 PES. See Vivek 6 ER 13/- = “s 3 Pe eae a lh ae. as Wee a aod 6/6 bh . Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office:—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNEY J, WILLIAMS, Government Auctioneer.) FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. , 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS, Genera | Offices: —43-45 Monumen t Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- Hingeante: Market, tleelan: mana CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. Importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers: Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. ie i it ee eee see 2 — say Oa De ns ly ate aie to April, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 —— a 4 ~ , R. J. EDERER COMPANY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Manufacturers of COTTON POUND NETTING, COTTON GILL NETTING, COTTON TRAP NETTING, LINEN GILL NETTING, COTTON SEINE NETTING, HOOP NET WEBBING, POUND NETS, TRAP NETS, HOOP NETS, HAUL SEINES, PURSE SEINES. Write us for prices. MANILA ROPE, SEINE TWINE. THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOMAS, ONTARIO ee: | The only Cold Storage ‘ eee Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. { Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. YC. €; Pe Ri GFR, P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. ac i : || Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut ,,2%2"*,., WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited Sa i ia va 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. Fishermen’s and Shipbuilders’ Supplies Fishermens’ Rope Se ~ MAITRE CORD eS sore SEAMING TWINE SS OAKUM : AMA CAULKING COTTON SeukGhawevens | Stoeestsoe PINE PITCH Loe ST LIFE BUOYS Se LIFE JACKETS DAKE STEERING GEARS MOON GENERATOR PLANTS SPIKES CHAIN PAINTS ENGINE PACKINGS CEDAR CORKS TAR TAR REDUCER NET CLEANSER OIL CLOTHING NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS LIFE BOATS and EQUIPMENT William G. Wilson & Gompany Head Office: 21 Camden St. TORONTO Ontario RAY-PRIOR A 4 4 %3 KEEN MARINE MOTORS GASO LEN EK. G Built uploa Standard-not down toaprice. K E R OSEN E : The “D-4’ Four-Cylinder Medium Heavy-Duty Type 36 Horse Power Bore, 4 + Inches Stroke, 8 Inches A strictly high grade medium heavy duty motor that has earned a reputation for unfailing dependability and economy —a reputation not surpassed by any other motor, regardless of price. Every refinement of design and every improve- ment in manufacturing proc2sses developed during our sixteen years experience in motor building is concentrated in this Model “D-4" long stroke motor. We have spared neither time, labor nor expense in making it the finest motor of its type that can be produced. SPECIFICATIONS. Two Complete and Separate Ignition Systems—Two Sets of Plugs—Diameter of all Crank Shaft Bearings one-half of Cylinder Bore—Planetary Spur Gear Reverse Giving Same Speed : Reverse as Forward-Pressure Feed Lubrication Through Drilled Crank Shaft. **HAR'T FORD” 2-CYCLE MOTORS Model “X"” Type. Fishermen, Oystermen, Lobstermen and all other Commercial Boat- men who use open boats in salt water in all kinds of weather, will find the Model X Motor the ideal power for boats from 16 to 36 feet in length. Manufactured and sold by The Gray & Prior Machine Co. 58 Suffield Street ~ HARTFORD, CONN.,, U.S.A. Eastern Canadian Distributors Newfoundland Distributors: PYKE MOTOR & YACHT COMPANY F. G. HOUSE & CO., 367-371 St. James St., Columbus Building, Montreal, Canada. St. John, N.B. April, 1920, CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 ] Booth Fisheries Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TO RO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | | Chamcook, N.B. | | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. Salmon C A N S Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD., VANCOUVER, B.C. Hamilton, Ont. Niagara Falls, Ont. Sardine Lobster Herring C | A N E>» Etc. ick Brand > ‘Brunswl HIGH GRADE SEA ant SARDINES IN OIL PACKED Br Conor Bros Lhd Blocks Harbour FOODS CONNORS BROTHERS, LIMITED Branch Office: 6 Ward Street, St. John, N.B. PACKERS AND CANNERS, BLACK’S HARBOUR, N.B. Cable Address: Connors, St. George Telegraphic Address: St. George, N.B. April, 1920. CANADIAN, FISHERMAN 93 j | | 4 i \ Ht lin | vit iN U i , 4 x i Te | | | | | all | HYDRO PATTERN BRONZE PROPELLERS as used by the British Admiralty Made of Manganese Bronze, carefully ground and cast to insure perfect accuracy in diameter .and pitch. Hand filed to remove all surface blemishes. We have a complete line of patterns—from 12 to 30 inch—two or three blades. PRICES MODERATE. WRITE McAv hs Sole agents tn Canada for MIANUS GAS ENGINES in FOR FULL PARTICULARS y Full line of accessories for immediate shipment. \ ee en ! , ont _ 37 a] % i : | T. McAVITY & SONS, Limited ST. JOHN, N.B. Qe (TT CANADIAN & AMERICAN FISHERIES, LTD. LIVERPOOL . NOVA SCOTIA J. F. CLIFFORD, yy enagne Director eer sy : BE m Wholesale Producer of SMOKED FISH Fillets, Haddies, Kippers, Bloaters. FRESH and SALT FISH of ali varieties. Car Load Lots a Specialty CANADIAN AGENTS: S UNITED STATES AGENTS: CANADIAN TRADE CORPORATION, LTD. J. S. TWOMBLY, EASTERN TOWNSHIPS BANK BUILDING, 110 STATE STREET, MONTREAL ; BOSTON 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN April, 1920. H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, - Nova Scotia. WE ARE BUYING | High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring Herring in Tomato Sauce Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer VHAY FISHERIES CO. | Detroit, - Mich. BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have proved most satisfac- tory are. .- HALIFAX and ACADIA Refuse Inferior Substitutes ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, LUNENBURG, N.S. Sold Everywhere Cable Address: “McZatzman,” St. John, N.B., Canada. | Code used A, B, C, Fifth Edition. MCCORMACK & ZATZMAN Wholesale Dealers and Curers of Fresh, Frozen and Salt Fish. Largest Packers and Curers of Salt Alewives in Canada. 77 SMYTHE STREET, oT. JOHN Wl. B. CANADA FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock -Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters t E. HICKMAN CO. Limited | Parque $ Whart, Halifax, N. S. ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL _ The Fisheries of Nova Scotia Pt GULF OF ST LAWRENCE Prince CowaRo AnD CAWORTH Syowey C ARETON NORTH ATLAN TEC py OCEAN) eae SHETCH MAP of FISHING ae ‘ 2600 BANKS ADJACENT 70... 4 + irm CANADA'S ATLANTIC ... are. : | ‘COAST. sovmomes in raTworns (wor oaawn ro scme) To wallacen Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of Fish and Fish Products AND Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Shell Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore fisheries. @ The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for economical exploitation. by fishing vessels of the larger type. Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. If You Are Buying Fish— If Your Have Capital To Invest. If You Are A Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRITE W. B. MacCOY, ‘swine 197 Hollis St., Halifax ES 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ~. April,-1920; @ MONTREAL CANADA @& MARITIME FISH CORPORATION LIMITED THE “DOROTHY M. SMART,” HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S., FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS: COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N. S- HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. ense No. 1-148 License No, 1-14 April, 1920, CANADIAN FISHERMAN 97 Established 1874 D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of rigs IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the : Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 |b. Blocks, 20 lb. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, communicate with us It will always pay and interest you 98 Acadia Gas Engines, Ltd.... American Can Company . Anderson & Miskin .. . Armstrong ee Fish- eries, Ltd. ne B B. C. Printing & Litho Co., Limited .. .. Booth Fisheries. of Canada, Limited . Birks, Crawford & Co. British Columbia, Province of Bruce, Stewart & Co., Ltd. Burnoil Engime Co... .. .. Cc ~ Canada Metal Co... .. .. Canadian American Fisheries, Limited .. .. Canadian Fairbanks - - Mores: Co., Ltd. Canadian Fish and Cold Stor- - age Co., Ltd. Canadian ’Pishing Co., ‘Ltd. Canadian Ice Machine Oo: Canadiata Milk Products, Ltd. Canadian Oil Companies, Ltd. Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Company .. . Ay Clift Motor Co. ay Connor, D. .. Connors Bros., ‘Ltd. es Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd. Crossley Lead & Machine Co. D De Forest Radio — & Tel. Co, .. Dominion Battery Co. Department of the Service «: -: Des Brisay, M. & Company. Donaldson, John -: -: «: Naval Ederrer, R. J. Company .. Everett Packing Company .. F Farquhar & Company .. .. Fish Trades Gazette .. .. .. Forge, Peterg ss... ©. Freeman & Cobb, Ine. Fromm: & Co., F. i. 75 92 93 89 CANADIAN FISHEBMAN Index to Advertisers G Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F. 99 Gosse - Millerd Packing Con Ltd. at 90 Gray & etd ‘Machine Co. .. Gulowsen Sales C OTP. si eee HH Halett, A. E. . Fac eee Hatton, ADE Company . eer Met "Hickman, A, E. Company a 4 I Imperial Oil Chinpany a! Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. 9 Intemational Business Mach- Sa 100 mes Co} Lith: +s ee eae . J - | ips ae Jacobson Gas Engine Co.. .. 15 Journeaux, H, -. + +) ++ ++ + 12 enalian, C= O;36:Co.;” 6 ae ee J, .V.-B. Bngitie Co... ar K Kermath Mfg. Co. ........ 77> L Lambert, Walter -- +. -- -» 12 ee ee Pee SRA! Leslie, R. J. . Fhe ed Leckie, John, “Limited op dase ees Letson & Burpee, Limited .. 10 Levesons, Limited... .. .. .. 12 — Canadian Refriger ation , Ltd. oa ; cornen Gold Storage Bos pe be Limited. . "alas London & Petrolea Barrel, re Limited .. .. ce mgs: bs Lyons, Chas. & Co. PERS APT | i j Maritime Fisheries, Ltd... 10” Maritime Fish Cree Limited. . 96 MeAvity, T. & SHons, Ltd. . 98 MeCormack & Zatzman .. 94 Minards Linament.. .. .. .. 15 Mueller, Chas., Co., Ltd... .. 12 Mustad, 0. & Son... 17 ~ Neville Cannieries, Ltd... . ‘Noble, Chas. Jr., - Process Engineers, Ltd. ~ Quebee Government .. ~ Ranney Fish Co. .. St. Thomas Packing ~ Standard er Corn ; Vhay Fisheries ‘cod i Wannenwetsch, C, Hf. Watson Broa.” New England Fish Go., i Newfoundland Fishery — ducts Export Com North American ‘ie Cold Storage Co., Ltd Nova Scotia Goverment 0 O'Loane, Kiely & Co., Ltd aed P Parker, A. R. & Sons . Phenix Packing Co. os OF Ramirez & Co... .. . Robin, Jones & Whitman .. Robinson, Thomas .. Schmidt Litho Co. . . Silver, H. R. . : Smith & Ritchie . Spooner, W. R. |... | Stamford Foundry Co ate Ltd. i Tower Canndiai, Ltd. Vv os Wallace Fisheries, Lta, Walker, Thos. & Son, ‘Ltd, poe Se Ward, W. A. & Co. Wells: & 8: 3ne8. Western Packers ad hide ‘ Wilson, W. (8 Co... -. lui | Whittal Can Co." Ltd: coitibes we Company. = ry i, i x Rs, “a 4 My » ; CANADIAN FISHERMAN 183 Salmon C C| Sardine . A A Lobster N is Herring ae Etc. Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Hamilton, Ont. Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY .LTD., VANCOUVER, B.C. Fishermen’s and Shipbuilders’ Supplies Fishermens’ Rope MAITRE CORD SEAMING TWINE OAKUM CAULKING COTTON PINE PITCH LIFE BUOYS LIFE JACKETS : DAKE STEERING GEARS MOON GENERATOR PLANTS SPIKES CHAIN PAINTS ENGINE PACKINGS CEDAR CORKS “AR TAR REDUCER NET CLEANSER OIL CLOTHING NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS LIFE BOATS and EQUIPMENT William G. Wilson & Gompany Head Office: 21 Camden St. TORONTO Ontario 184 CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE OLD RELIABLE MINARD'S A Fishermans Best Friend YARMOUTH. Nova — Is Part of the Ship’s Stores Yarmouth Trading Company, Limited DRY AND PICKLED FISH Fish for Export a Specialty YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA Crossley Net Lifting Machines For Steam or Gasoline Power For Fresh or Salt Water Crossley Steam Steering Gear Entirely Automatic with 9 H.P. Engine ‘The Machines That Have No Equal’”’ Net Leads of All Sizes Write for Catalorsue Crossley Lead and Machine Company ERIE, PA. WE ARE BUYING High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring Herring in Tomato Sauce Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer Send Samples. VHAY FISHERIES CO. Detroit, - Mich. C. O. Julian & Co, sis Producers and Wholesale Distributors SARE FISH Herring 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia or Oriental Export W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es- pecially CHUMS. Cable ‘‘GENERAL"’ in the following codes: Bentley, Western Union 5 letter, A. B. C, 5th edition. | SMITH & RITCHIE FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT CORRESPONDENCE INVITED AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE »~The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. a | COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. — CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Ranney Fish Co. N\ Cleveland, : Ohio. ‘NoeeeO° Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN ey; feat an (ae Ss Ce Se ‘ 3 4 3 H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, - Nova Scotia. Pe Oe ee ee eS ee ee ee FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. A. E. HICKMAN CO. Limited ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS. Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address ‘‘Lemétais Bordeaux” LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, “Tripping Deer’ Brand"’, Canned Salmon, Canned Pilchards, Canned Herring. Dominion Building, 207 Hastings St., Vancouver, B.C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. 236 N. Clarke St. CHICAGO FRANK FALES & SONS, ST. JOHN, N.B. Stocks Carried- FISHING SUPPLIES MARINE HARDWARE You will be able to procure many articles from us not ordinarily available 61 Dock Street 186 CANADIAN FISHERMAN W. Irving Atwood, Prest. W. Elmer Atwood, Vice-Prest. WACHUS BRAND FINNAN HADD 31 Boston Fish Pier REE y AWN) Be | fOr y ED. (NOOR cme > N. D. Freeman, Treas. % Irving M. Atwood. Sec’y and Mgr. .. ©, Abe i> VARIETIES OF THE SEASON Boston, Mass. FOOD PRODUCTS Salmon — Herring — Pilchards Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp—Milk— Honey—Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts —Dried Beans—Peas—Rice— Tapioca — Whole Spice — Oils — Tallow—Apples —Potatoes--Onions —Lumber— Box Shooks— Barrel Staves. Clone KiewyoCoLl || VANCOUVER.BS —— or Canadian - American - Oriental Canadian Canned Cured and Smoked Fish O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Limited HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA Associate Offices: 326 Colman Building, Seattle Wash. (U.S.A.) od 619 Robert Dollar Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. co ABLE ADDRESS: ‘‘BRITSALMON” Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver O.MUSTAD & SON Manufacturers of all kinds of Fish Hooks CHRISTIANIA NORWAY — Fishermen like the MUSTADHOOK on account of their Perfect Shape,Temper and Finish Musfad Cod Hooks Black ; or Especially made Tinned fox this market Fishermen consider fhem th Best Hooks on fhe markef foday Made by: OMusfad sSon fist" The Largesf Manufacfurers of Fish Hooks inthe World Esfabl. 1852. q a E P ; ee —— CANADIAN ‘FISHERMAN / MLSS S ISSA SHS TPP hP PPP bp bh | ULLY abreast of your requirements, we are prepared to meet your orders promptly from our large, well-assorted stock which includes: Tarred Cotton Lines, Tarred Cotton Ganging, Arthur James Fish Hooks, | Oil Clothing, Cotton Herring Nets, Linen Gaspereaux Nets, Smelt and | Sardine Netting, Cedar and Cork Wood Floats, Leads; Hemp Salmon, Trout, and Mackerel Twines; Cotton Seine Twines, and all Fishery Accessories. OUR MOTTO: QUALITY AND SERVICE ) Come in and see us ot drop us a line. W.H. THORNE & CO., LIMITED GENERAL HARDWARE tet it FISHERMEN’S SUPPLIES ST. JOHN, N. B. Sh Se et ee a ae ee ae eee 187 Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships Walter Lambert, M.1.N.A. NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER aie 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL CANNED AND FRESH ESTABLISHED 1900 HERBERT JOURNEAUX PACKER OF THE FAMOUS BAY CHALEUR BRAND LOBSTERS CASPE SALMON FRESH HADDOCK ESH nt | enamel Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. Le Bie iat Oc enim dla S$. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET a cen a i i i , ‘ a . nd — FRESH and SMOKED FISH BOX SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY Our Fresh Fish packed in ice reach you in the best possible condition IF IT HAS FINS---ASK US Standing Orders Assure Regular Supplies Enquiries Solicited LONDON SMOKED COD FILLETS are Good Sellers Foot of Vancouver, Canada | LONDON FISH CO., Ltd. c's. 188 CANADIAN THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON LONG COATS and ,, SLICKERS “Takes the Wet Out of Water” Fishermen appreciate these splendid long coats and slickers. Built for service and comfort, they keep you dry and warm in the roughest weather. Corduroy collar—double sleeves } and body part. Write for prices and particulars. For Sale by All Dealers TOWERS CANADIAN LIMITED. TORONTO. WINNIPEG. “Coast to Coast Service.” \ <. AQadyssss— ee HALIFAX. VANCOUVEK. WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Log for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al and A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the leading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers. THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. FISHERMAN Protect Your Business with the Reliable Ignition Unit. It is the logical unit for all marine purposes, in every kind of weather. The Reliable Ignition Unit will assure you a quick trip to the fishing grounds, a quick trip back to market, and a safer trip both ways. The Reliable Ignition Unit is water- proof. The well-known Reliable dry cells of which it is made are set in pitch and eased in a strong caulked box. The Re- liable Ignition Unit is built to keep all moisture out. The Reliable Ignition Unit also gives you longer service. Each of the Reliable dry cells are fitted with the Big Brass Cap, which puts every bit of energy to useful and timely work. Put an extra Reliable Ignition Unit No. 8216 and a Reliable Battery or two in your locker to protect you and your business in emergencies. Adda Reliable Flashlight, too. You’ll find it a useful and handy light many times each trip. For sale by all good dealers. phone in your boats and have instant, word- . of-mouth communication between ships and ae shore and from ship to ship. Absolutely re- so sa 4 i) ¥ liable and dependable apparatus. Not an Pa Poa) experiment. An established and successful Ca apparatus now in practical operation for many ool sap Can be installed in any vessel having electricity or gas engine; and mounted in weather-proof cabinets. No operating Be experience necessary—just talk on the tele- a? phone. Inexpensive and it will save its cost B in one storm. 7 Get more complete information at once by writing to . DEFOREST RADIOPHONE deForest Radio Telephone (Wireless Telephone) d t | h C TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING STATION. an e egrap ompany A simple wireless telephone station of modern, efficient design. Carries $ the voice perfectly, clear and distinct. Varying ranges up to 30 miles. 14 13 Sedgwick Avenue. ’ Connects 8 = ey electric esas ee eerie to uote — Y : quires no highly trained operators. Special installations can be made ; . to meet individual requirements. Get full information at once. NEW YORK CIT j Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Gapital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, ' Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. 26 PECK SLIP NEW YORK 192 CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOMAS, ONTARIO a pies 22 ER ow {| The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially . equipped for the handling of fish. ; | Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. Y.C. CAPR. Gb P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. {| Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut ..3742*ehsen WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION ; Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: sank? cou Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of ‘Fisheries of Alaska,” ‘Fisheries of Hawaii,” ‘‘Pacific Salmon Fisheries,”’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,’’ “‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” “‘The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,”’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited practically every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fiaheneat and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are no utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper Trout Terrapin - Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden vane Mullet ellowta Pikes Etc., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. a a a ee a a SS) a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 193 Se Ce ee Se a a en ae Tae eee Cable Address:--“‘DAVECONNOR,”” VANCOUVER. ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. 1. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Addrasse par Cable:-"DAVECONNOR,” . TRIN COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR VANCOUVER. D. NN R ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée a toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. 510 Winch Building - Fly PEA EE: - VANCOUVER, B.C. u pbireccion Cablesrifica D C ON NO CORREDOR DE SALMON EXPORTADOR Y COME. Se usan todos los Cédigos @ coMFaIONIST A CIANTE Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. PRECIOS C. I. F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building - - " - VANCOUVER, B.C. CASTRO ASSIS & CO. SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department : — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC. Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. (States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL First Class References. RUA SAO BENTO 66a P. O. Box No. 1666 Telegram Address: ORTSAC. Codes used:. A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. Bentleys Liebers 194 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 814 Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR | Subsidiary Companies: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. TYEE Cold Storage Plants: VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. Vancouver, Canada. . Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN - SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 Ib. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 lb. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Paeifie Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada ‘ 7 } : 4 , a t. 4 4 7 - i E 1 : : y ee ee ee aes mae Se : . a > ee eS ee CANADIAN FISHERMAN 195 SWANSON PATENT EXHAUSTER (1920 Model) THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN EXHAUST BOXES, The outstanding feature of this EXHAUSTER is that it accomplishes the same results as the old type exhaust boxes. in much less time, and with a great saving in floor space. Simplified to eliminate trouble, and the ALL- METAL construction assures permanency. MURRAY-LATTA MACHINE WORKS Full Line of Machinery, CANNING MACHINERY, for the canning of SALMON Cutting: Washing and scaling Machines for HERRING & PILCHARD 619 Bidwell St., ~ - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Brings You Home F irst | from the fishing grounds CANADIAN COMPANIES, LIMITED White Rose Gasoline 1401 Bzcelsios Toronto, Ont. Canada Try it in your motor boat engine and note the extra “pep” and punch it gives. En-ar-co Motor Oil Lubrication with En-ar-co Motor Send me En-ar- co Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- Oil means more power and longer life for your ping point and quote prices on the items I have engine, marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year I use...gals. Motor Oil per year “ty UNO sh 06: a Kerosene per year Z g / use....gals. Tractor Oil per year ess Com und I use..... Ibs. Motor Grease per year Friction po CAUCE cs ibs. Axle Grease per Jar Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions, eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy open bear- SEND FOR FREE MOTOR GAME, (/ Position gee) Province Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Sold at the following sea and lake ports: (Make of Auto., Tractor or Motor Boat) (Be sure to give name of auto., tractor or boat, or game will not be sent.) HALIFAX ST. JOHN UEBEC MONTREAL Automobile; am at present using.............0cccecceccecs TORONTO OWEN ‘ Ee KINGSTON Motor Oil, x will be In the market for more oil again about Shah y ore. MARIE Rh-ar-co National Motor Ol. Bia peaa + 196 CANADIAN FISHERMAN (ESTABLISHED 1883). THOMAS GRIMSBY, England - Agent for the sale of a Newfoundland, Labra- T dor and other SALTED ae | COD and HADDOCKS. 4 CONSULTING DIRECTOR to the CANADIAN FISH & COLD STORAGE CO., Limited, Prince Rupert, B.C. Bankers :— THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND LTD., GRIMSBY Branch. Telegraphic and Cable address :— "RELIANCE, GRIMSBY”’. ROBINSON TRAWLER OWNER, FISH SALESMAN, FISH MERCHANT Agent for the sales and purchase of STEAM TRAWLERS, etc. The LARGEST BRI. TISH IMPORTER of Canadian Frozen Fish. CANADIAN OF ALL KINDS OF EXPORTERS FISH SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES SHOULD ADVERTISE IN. AND GAZETTE Advertisement Rates on Application 12 monte ee. i 26/- including postage 6 ae ee ea AR ue 13/- . 4 3 aN a Ke 4 ib sal aie 6/6 - rte CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office-—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNSY J, WILLIAMS, Government Auctioneer.) FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS., Genera | Offices:—43-45 Monume nt Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3, CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers: Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. Established over 60 Years 198 ° e Acadia Gas Engines, Ltd., 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 ‘Asnericnn Can Company <0 205 hee ee es 183 B.C. Printing & Litho Cog ids 5 wos oes 181 Booth Fisheries of Canada, Ltd. .............. 16 TENCE od, Se OU ee aN eie ls os os Oe gs 182 Canadian Fairbanks-Morse, Co., Ltd. .......... 4d Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co., Ltd. .... 30 Canadian: Fishing: Co; Ltdy ss: vers ee 36, 37, 194 Canadian Milk Products, Ltd. ................ 189 Canadian Ov “Companies Ltd... i000... 3S: 195 Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. .............. 184 Onstro Assia & Covi. Boo a ee te eas 193 Wonnor: Yop as Cae Be ee te ae ee 193 Mannie Sree les ee ee ee es we ye 10, 11 Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd. eee 4 Crossly Lead & Machine Co. ................. 184 Dacia, (Prank iy & O00, os. Seek. ca ee. 175 De Forest Radio Tel. and Tel. Co... .. 191 Dominien. battery Oo Sey pri ekk ies 188 Department of the Naval Service ............. 41 Des Bray Mi ae CO esa eee er kee 33 DONBIOROT. WONT eo BE er ee coe awe oe aes 197 arate OU. itd es ev ea oe el as 185 Fish Trades Gazette, PNG Sar se Pca ee 196 Forge, Peter .. .. % 197 Freeman & Cobb, ee Oe 186 PANTO ee \c0r, Bs 6 oe ss OV ie ta vas ee 190 Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F. .. 02.0. eno 199 Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd. .............. 18 Gulowsen: Sales Corpi sy vey ete a is Gray & Prion 0... Vig ae es ve ees 40 Halliday, TF SA Pee Ce i eG ONS 182 Palett Aw Me ca hy eee eae or ea Matton, LD. Compartiy <4 ce set 6458 8S 38 Harry ‘Hall & Co., SMES revi ee sate as ee 15 eOEA GO, Me be ia eee ce ls eee 185 Halifax Nautical Tristrmient ii. ce gaia se eis ae 182 Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. ...... ...4..... 9 International Business Machine Co., Lid 200 Jacobson. Gas: Engine Con vi. osaig oe 182 Un eTOaUS. EL, (as ata ae ess 187 wolian ©: 0;, &° Gee eae wks a cs pe 184 Kermath Mfg. Col) .2o...9 Ve ye 189 Labrador Wisheries s .. < caeieus a 2 Bs Cay he 13 Lambert, Walter 2s-< = sts 556s UG a Sw ees ok 187 Femietais, JGar tu igre bar ys ce cau tns hy ss 185 Leckie, John, Ltd. shi e. iS er iy 42 Letson & Burpee, Limited ............. 17 Levesons Limited) 3 oi iis seca sere Wane 185 +> Index to Advertisers Ret enue CANADIAN FISHERMAN ss Lockeport Cold Storage Co., Ltd. ............ London and Petrolea Barrel Co., Ltd... .. London: Mish: Coy td. 0.4.05 le Lyons, Chs.i@“Oo. 3. 204 52. SP ae Ba Lunenburg Foundry Co,, Ltd. .............. 5 4 MeAvity}’T., & Sons Ltd. ....<.. -:ses:+0s ue McCormack & Zatzman ..............1.:<00me 180 McBride: Wells °& "Co... 4. 0. 3. A bs oe 182. Minard’s- Gimiment <2 944.2 St be ee 184 Maritimes iish= Corp..." 04. Ce 176-177 Mueller, Chs.-Go, Std, «... 620. eae 190 Mustad, O., and Son... .. eS i Murray-Latta Machine Worley x we ee et ISR Va ne. 2s sae = Noble, Chs., , Company + ie tg 1 North penn Fisheries & Cold Storage Go, Te Ltd. Nova Scotia Government ye O’Loane Kiely & Co., Ltd. Process Engineers Limited . a i ee ee ce ct ery Phenix -Patemg 00)..-5.6 SG vonk oe Pe Perfection Motor Go. seers 0 ree eee tees Quebec Government. ee Ramiter (Gi Go...) 3 taisc MS be Ce ee Ranney Wish Oo., The 3 ./..5 Boos ts ecg Robin, Jones & ‘Whitman Robinson, , Thotias® 5.00) 4. ss ood ee Seattle Astoria Iron Works .......2...0s0 nee Schmidt: Hitho. Car gos. oao wre BE ae 66 Bilver; H.R. Utd, 6s Sees. eek eee 7-185 Smith "& Ritehie 25 v.20. .a. As «shee 184 Spoonér, “Wi; Bec. veces ears en eee a: 3 Stamford Foundry Co., Ltd. ...............005 189 St. Thomas Packitig Coi, Lid. i. ....5....0045. 192 Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Ltd. .......... 3 Smith Cannery» Machines Co. ...........s.03. 39 Scythes’ ®@ Oey Dtd: ...-... 0... is 180 Tower. Canadian, Wimited: . ... <:.i«s440s eee 188 Thorne; W. HH. & Co, Utd so). a <4) ees 187 — Vhay” Fisheries 00.9 99 aoe ea $2 im: &: Wallace Fisheries Limited . ............4% ate 32 Walter, Thos., & Son, Ltd. .. Wannenwetsech, C. H. A. & Co Ward W. A. & Co. Western Packers . . Wilson, W. C. & Co. Winch, R. V. & Co. Ward, W. A. & Co. Yarmouth :- Trading Go. SGN eke cree ee ee ee ee ee ee a eee eee wee > 5 a ee a ef * CANA D rAN‘FISTIERMAN We are ia? this RED LINE A Lid ¢ across BIG ‘we Slashed right across the page— in newspapers, farm papers, and foreign language publications “Round the Top,” to six million footwear users on the farm, 1,500,000 in the coal mines, 100,000 fishermen, 500,000 foreign born farmers (in their own language) and lumber-jacks and laborers everywhere. There will also ‘be plenty of display advertising for your store. It’s the same story with dealer and user—once “Hi-Press” always “Hi-Press.” Positively the longest wearing footwear made—with the best fitting lasts. [ will say “Goodrich Hi-Press” with the Red Line Stocks ready for you at Akron, Chicago, Kansas City, Minne- apolis, Pittsburgh, Denver, Seattle, New York and Boston, 50,000 dealers NOW—and more coming in every day. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY Akron, Ohio Goodrich HI-PRESS RUBBER FOOTWEAR CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Business Without a Time Recorder HINK of it! Working time is the most expensive of all raw materials you buy. Are you sure youare getting all of it you pay forP If you have a system, is it really efficient? Does it get real results without antagonizing the is Like a Ship hifi a a Rudder employeer If not you need Inter- national service. The International’ Job Recorder One of the most popular styles we make. It enables to ascertain the exact amount of working time employed on any job or operation. This Recorder prints. the exact starting time on the job, and, later, the stopping time. Note we said PRINTED. The figures can- not be changed. This permits you to get your exact labor costs and from that you can define your “‘expense’’ labor and profits. Besides it Makes every man his own foreman Does away with the foreman con- stantly speeding up the men. En- ables every workman to give a true and accurate account of his working time. The Job Card also serves as a record of parts used. We make Dial, Card and Job Re- corders, also Master Clocks with electrically operated secondary clocks, time stamps, program and whistle blowing devices, etc. Write for folders. The International Means the Square Deal © International Business Machines Company Limited FRANK E. MUTTON, Vice-President and General Manager Head Office and Factory: Branches in all Toronto, Ont. Principal Cities International Job Recorder (Also makers of Hollerith Electric Tabulators and Dayton Scales) — —_———— a THE | isi Smo x Cis et ed, POA or ¥ Cm ES ae he Ale eS 7 . Rm ke ei cs Si 9 en A tam sere Dra es male Bc gire yrie a i: Bak ae Slee ae See Mg 22 ee tae IP cee es en Lic 3 Wee eee tel ae Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association wOL. Vil. - GARDENVALE, P.Q., MAY, 1920 No. 5 Soe coe Sie i eon Re See Tene ante : 4 DOOOOOOOOOUOOOODUALUENLUEOGEOOOONSOOQOGQOOOOOG UOTE AAAOAAEAGOSOOUEE OOOO EPEAT WHITTALL CANS for Meats Vegetables Milk Syrup Fish Paint Etc. PACKERS’ CANS Open Top Sanitary Cans and Standard Packer Cans with Solder-Hemmed Caps A.R. Whittall Can Company, Ltd. age hy ae Bank Bldg., M O N j R E A L ie gan Un acae Bidg. TORONTO WINNIPEG G. A. WILLIS, Sales Mgr. Established 1888 A. E. HANNA, Phone Adel 3316 Representative SUV UDANUANUSSQSQQ0 00000000 GOEUOETOEUCUOUUUUAGAOOGAGCGEOEEEEOO UA TUN Fee ee eT TTT TTT TTT TTT ce CANADIAN FISHERMAN Steamships and Vessel Owners. THE | Lockeport Cold Storage Co. LIMI W. M. Hodge. President. pena POWER HOUSE PRODUCER Live Shore Ocean Fish Fresh Frozen Cod - Haddock - Herring - Mackerel --- Smoked --- Fillets - Haddies - Kippers - Bloaters Car lots a Specialty. Plant, Smoke house and Freezer, LOCKEPORT, Nova Scotia. Canadian 1/ood Control License:—No, 1—093. May, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ENGINE BOLINDER'S «i's The Concrete Motorship “Askelad,” 170 feet x 31 feet, 1,050 tons D.W., equipped with twin 160 B. H. P. Bolinder Engines. Speed nine miles per hour. FACTS THAT’ TALK The following information has been gained from the engine room log book of the “‘Askelad’’ covering the first 8 moaths of operation, from Dec. 1918 to Aug. 1919 Average Fuel Consumption per hour, actual running time, 13% gallons or 0.53 Ibs. per Brake Horse Power. (Total cost of the fuel oil, based on American prices, would have been $1,111.59. With a coal burning steamer, using coal at $6.00 per ton, the cost would have been $3,000—a saving of $1,900.00 for the Bolinder-engined vessel.) Total Cost of Repairs——Two Dollars and Seventy Cents, namely, six air valve springs at 45 cents each. Actual Running Time.—1,238 hours, during which time the engines were stopped only for a few minutes for minor adjustments. The above is a typical example of Bolinder Service, Economy and Dependability. Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Limited Shaughnessy Building : - . MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920 Codes: Cable Address: Armsby ; ** Brokers.’’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners Ss M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. et Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” “SOCKEY E: “SUNDIAL” “COHOES" “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS” CANADIAN FISHERMAN Ov in the open, where the high seas sweep the deck, fishermen who know values, always choose Lion Brand Cordage. Economy, Strength, Durability—these are the qualities that make Lion Brand profitable and safe. It will stand the hardest of service under all conditions, and will bring your good catch safely home. With our Coast to Coast service you can procure Lion Brand almost anywhere in Canada. When in the market for Cordage, Manila, Hemp and Sisal, give “Lion Brand” a trial and be convinced. Manufactured in Canada by Canadians since 1825 CONSUMERS CORDAGE COMPANY LIMITED Mills at Dartmouth, N.S. Branches at Toronto, Ont. and Montreal, P.Q. and St. John, N.B. Tees & Presse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Moos Jaw, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Quebec P.Q., Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C. | CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.”” — INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. ® WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA : ; SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 81, Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. BOSTON, MASS. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. Places of Business: Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. Boston, Mass. Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN ~ SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 lb. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Paeifie Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada May, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Z “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920 . pg Ad 1 0 ee I ae 9 The Ultimate High Cost of the FIRST LOW COST When you consider the purchase of an engine, take into consideration the operating cost as well as the price of the engine. The initial cost of a “‘GG’’ Heavy Oil Engine may be a little more than that of a gasoline engine. . But when you consider that the saving in the cost of operation soon pays for the engine the initial cost is a minor consideration. ““GG’’ Engines operate on any par- affine or asphalt base fuel oil of 24° gravity Baume, with a fuel consump- tion of .58 Ibs. or 1/13 gallon per H.P. . hour. 2-Cylinder Direct Reversing 30-45-60- 80 H.P. 4-Cylinder Direct Reversing 60-90-125- 160-210 H.P. For Descriptive Bulletin. Address Dept. C-2 GULOWSEN SALES CORPORATION SEATTLE, U.S.A. CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY May, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 9 Our labels illuminate your -goods V4 attracting the attention of the consumer \ Our labels are oiane ‘all pugkys eC ~atro care/all carefully / = 4 (fg Scumipt Lrrgocrapn Co. w y Pon Ae AN FRANCISCO. CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920 Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, » CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, i CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS : and all kinds of TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over the old style, is only one of Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (orttd ane the exchenre May, 1920 : CANADIAN FISHERMAN 1] Cable Address:--*‘DAVECONNOR,”" VANCOUVER. ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries Cc. I. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Addresse par "preston tae tall COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR ) ANCOUVER, D NN R ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION bad DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace :. Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée a toute demande de renseignements a . PRIX FRANCO ~ REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. 7 510 Winch Building : : : : VANCOUVER, B.C. a 7 come ag sam D C ONNO CORREDOR DE SALMON - e EXPORTADOR Y COMERCIANTE 4 Se usan todos los Cédigos e COMISIONISTA 3 Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. PRECIOS C. I..F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra: 510 Winch Building ~ - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. “CASTRO ASSIS & CO. SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department : — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC. Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. .(States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL : First Class References. RUA SAO BENTO 66a P. 0. Box No. 1666 4 Telegram Address: ORTSAC. Codes used: A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. 74 Bentleys Liebers 12 CANADIAN FISHERMAN. C.O. Julian & Co. “iis” Producers and Wholesale Distributors for >» SALT Salt ( riental Herring Export 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, ‘‘Tripping Deer Brand’’, Canned Salmon, Canned Pilchards, Canned Herring. Dominion Building, 207 Hastings St , Vancouver, B C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. 236 N. Clarke St. CHICAGO Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMEN1S The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. ESTABLISHED 1900 HERBERT JOURNEAUX PACKER OF Zee YAMOUS BAY CHALEUR ta ee CANNED. AND FRESH LOBSTERS presi cob, MACKEREL, LOBSTERS CASPE SALMON ETC. Head Office: PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships Walter Lambert, M.1N.a. NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting | SMITH & RITCHIE FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT CORRESPONDENCE INVITED AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE »—The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. USED FISH BARRELS Hard-wood barrels, all iron-bound and clean. These have been used only once for shipping Cape Breton Fat Mackerel. We solicit orders for these in carloads of 300 or more for shipment in through cars to all points on the Canadian National and Halifax & Southwestern Rail- roads. Also a limited supply of Irish Mackerel and Nova Scotia Herring Barrels. FRANK E. DAVIS CO. GLOUCESTER, MASS. May, 1920 May, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED from FISH WASTE by Ernest Scott & Company’s NEW METHOD Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values of products PROCESS ENGINEERS McGill Bld’g Montreal . - Canada The Ranney Fish Co. Ohio. @ "F \\ Cleveland, - Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less WHOLESALE PRODUCERS. IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN Bball OYSTERS“ CLAMS F.H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s A . Solicited st The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. 13 CANADIAN FISHERMAN SHIPMATE RANGES Largest Size No limit to length Smallest Size Body 18% inches long It isn’t every deepwater sailor who knows what a raffee-topsail, a ring tail, or a jimmy-green is, but there age mighty few shell-backs who don’t know what you mean when you mention the word “SHIPMATE.” It’s the sailorman’s range. Always reliable---fair weather Or foul. Made by THE STAMFORD FOUNDRY COMPANY Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN, Agencies in one F. H. Hopkins & Co. Montreal, Canada Lipsett Cunningham & Co., AES. td., - Prince Rupert, BG. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Company, 798 Beatty Street Vancouver, B.C. May, 1920 rg This Convenient 7 iy Powclerecl Separated Milk LIM is absolutely fresh pasteur- K ized separated milk in its lightest and most easily transported form A dry powder that will not freeze in Winter nor sour in Summer. Klim is always fresh and ready for use. Just whip the powder into water and make as much separated milk as you need — anytime — anywhere. Fine for tea, coffee, and all cooking. In 10 pound tins—6 to the case— order from your Supply House. CANADIAN MILK PRODUCTS LIMITED TORONTO St. John Montreal Winnipeg Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. TH WANNENWETSCh NOTEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by CoH. A. momnenworech & Co. Buffalo N.Y. COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The ‘Clana Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S.A. Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address ‘‘Lemétais Bordeaux” ae ee ee ee > 3 = Er af 3 May, 1920 THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON \LO NG COATS and ‘SLICKERS FISHERMEN’S FAVORITE Dealers have quick sales when they carry Fish Brand Long Coats and Slickers. Customers are ~~, ~ NARA ~ Satisfied Coats are durable, absolutely water- proof, with corduroy collar, double shoulders, sleeves and hal! body part. FP Order now and teap profils of coming season TOWERS CANADIAN LIMITED. TORONTO. WINNIPEG. “Coast to Coast Service.” HALIFAX. VANCOUVER, WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY. and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Log for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al and A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the leading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. CANADIAN F ISHERMAN 15 a. Ve B. . . ; . The Progressive Fisherman’s Engine. 28-38 H.P. 600- 900 R.P.M. 45-60 H.P. 1000-1450 R.P.M. Completely Equipped $1,000.00 Designed and bu'‘lt under the direction of JOSEPH VAN BLERCK The Well Known Marine Engineer. Operates on kerosene as well as gasoline. Throttles down and runs continuously at 200 R.P.M. A Simple Sturdy Engine Just Right For The Service. Write for a circular The J. V. B. Engine Company Box C. 911 South High Street, AKRON, OHIO. : - - U.S.A Phone Intervale 720 S. Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York We buy White Fish and Ciscoe Roe any quantity Best Market Prices. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CoO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. = - N.Y., U.S. SOLE AGENT FOR LAMINATED WOOD SHIPS T. HALLIDAY NAVAL ARCHITECT (First Class Honors Medallist) 706 Credit Foncier Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Office Phone: Sey. 9443 16 ; CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920 W. Irving Atwood, Prest. N. D. Freeman, Treas. W. Elmer Irving M. Atwood, Atwood. Vice-Prest. Sec’y and Mgr. WACHUSET, : 1£ ) oF Att BRAND 2 VARI ETIES FINNAN HADDIE SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier =< : Boston, Mass. NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS san 8’ cou Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of “Fisheri Alaska,” “Fi ‘ of Hawaii,” “Pacific Salmon Fisheries,”” Pacific Cod Fisheries,” “Lobster Fishery of Maine,” ebay Ai Fi onda bi ain arolina,”’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visi i every Se and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was eilitor mE oe Paine Fanon, and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the i and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fish i mark law, and other data of value to canners. i a shery products, also the trade Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the followin i i utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning a on FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden ae ig Mullet ellowta: Pikes Etc., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchar Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents f i and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. oe mailing Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. Yarmouth Trading VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. : : EXPORTERS Company, Limited Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon (RY AND Pl KLE] FS MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es- i ll '° . acca CHUMS. Fish for Export a Specialty Cable ‘‘GENERAL" in the following codes: Abt. hedities. YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA May, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 17 O.MUSTAD & SON Fishermen like the MUSTADHOOK on account of their Perfect Shape, Temper and Finish Musfad Go ad Hooks for this market Fishermen consider fhem the Besf Hooks on fhe markef foday Made by: OMusfad sSon Woreay The Largesf Manufacfurers of Fish Hooks inthe World Establ. 1832. Write for latest folder showing com- plete details. 109 to 650 7 HP Clift Trolling Engine, RPM. Price Complete $360.00. Good Territory Still Open to Live Agents Clift Trolling Engines The sturdy construction and reliability of the 4 Cycle CLIFT TROLLING ENGINE makes it the logical power plant for use in fishing and work boats. The 7 H.P. Medium Duty TROLLER, here il- lustrated, sells for $360.00, F.O.B. Bellingham, with complete Ignition, Reverse Gear and Propeller equipment. PLACE YOUR ORDER NOW FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY. CLIFT TROLLING ENGINES are built in 1 Cyl. 4 H.P., 1 Cyl. 7 H.P., 2 Cyl. 8 H. P. and 2 Cyl. 14 H.P. Models: all Valve in Head, 4 Cycle. CLIFT MOTOR CO. Designers and Manufacturers BELLINGHAM WASHINGTON, U.S.A. VANCOUVER: PRINCE RUPERT: Enterprise Engine Agency. Pattinson, Ling & Co. 18 CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920 NING LIFE-BUOY
  • Z Uy, a 1919. = === —— : MONTREAL OFFICE: SS = TORONTO OFFICE: A. 8S. Christie, Eastern Mgr. § H. W. Thompson, Western * 205 Drummond Lay | Manager Telephone, Uptown . VANCOUVER OFFICE: Cc. P. R. Bldg., cor. King and Yonge Sts. F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative 528 Winch Bldg. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS - - - Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. Dy «' Lierenn ge ren ret’ ripeeerte IT \ YY 20 CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. J if VALVES AND STEAM > an, T AS AN \ A National Institution sey | of Mechanical Service Resa Se ‘iy! ty, |: Canada, as in every country in the world, there MACHINERY . . . are names which, through years of service, have warranted national confidence and good-will. In the Canadian world of mechanical and engineering efficiency there is one name which enjoys the distinc- tion of leadership. Its prestige carries through the en- tire coast-to-coast chain of sales offices and warehouses into every city, town, and hamlet. Fairbanks-Morse products mark the farmer, the manufacturer, the artisan, and all users as careful and practical buyers of mechanical goods. The Fairbanks- Morse 100% quality seal is the buying guide for the consumer—the guarantee of satisfaction. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse general catalogue is a reference of what is standard in design and practice in mechanical goods. This book lists the largest variety of scales, valves, steam goods, oil engines, pumps, electrical machinery, machine tools, wood- working machinery, transmission appliances, railway CONTRACTORS EQUIPMENT : contractor’s and machine shop supplies ever published — Lh i Ofe in Canada in one book. Your copy will be sent on request. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., Limited Halifax, St. John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Windsor, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria. 1 ‘Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods CANADIAN FISHERMAN 115 D | yee MAY 1920. FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE Editor Canadian Fisheries Association Convention, Vancouver, B.C. Signs are not wanting at this early date to indicate that the coming Fisheries Convention at Vancouver on June 3rd, 4th, and 5th, is going to be the greatest fishery congress every held in Canada. A big attend- ance is foreshadowed and fishery scientists, officials and tradesmen from the United States and Newfound- laad will be with us. Conventions of this nature are signs of progress. When members of an industry are enabled to get to- gether under the pleasant auspices of good fellowship, they have solved one of the greatest obstacles to dc- velopment. Before meeting, Jack Robinson thinks his competitor Bill Smith is a man of low morals, a price- entting, double-dealing Bolshevik, and vicle versa. After getting together in Association meeting of Con- vention, both find out that they have made a mistake in their mental estimates of each other, and Jack admits that Bill is a keen business man but a mighty good fellow in the maita. With that new appreciation of the other, both get together and work to smooth out-the little and drawbacks incidental to the busi- ness of the two of them. What getting together does for two men, an Association and its convention does for the industry as a whole. In conventioms, the business man in the industry meets and talks with the administrative officials and scientists who are doing work very closely allied to him in many ways. In meeting and conversing thus, all get something out of it—some interesting fact or an idea worth developing. In convention, one meets the allied trades—the refrigerating engineer, the bar- rel maker, the vessel designer, the machinery manufae- facturer, ete., and all of them have a story to tell and something to learn. Apart from its educational and constructive value, the Convention at Vancouver is noteworthy inasmuch as it will be the first time that East meets West. We have been keeping too far apart and the industry has undoubtedly suffered thereby. For the development and progress of our mighty fisheries, a national organ- ization with national ideals is absolutely mecessary. It must do the work which cannot be done by local bodies. Loeal organizations are regarded as being They have no weight outside of their locality. The Canadian local. Fisheries Association is a national It embraces east and west amd counts its members within every meridien of longitude be- tween Atlantic and Pacifie. It is the national organ- ization and always willbe. Its reputation for broad- mindedness in policy amd freedom from radical ideas and steady plodding progress during the past five years, and a record of good work done, is sufficient to justify its continued existence and to claim that it is the voice of the Fishing Industry of Canada. The Vancouver meeting will strengthen this claim. organization, A report from Cumberland County on the first of the month indicated that owing to the seareity of bait very few lobsters were being taken. Factories had only started canning on May 1st. 116 FISH INSPECTION ACT POLITICALLY MURDERED. All who have the interests of the Canadian Fishing Industry at heart will not be pleased to learn that the Bill to amend the Fish Inspection Act, as regards uniformity of containers, inspection and grading of fish, effecting both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, has been killed again. It died in Committee, Monday morning the 10th May. Despite the importance of the Bill, it was the first one killed so far this Season and it also has the distinction of being the first to die in such a manner in many many years. So far as this Sessiota is concerned, Members of the Parliamentary Committee maintained that it has gone beyond recall. The next step, if any further move is to be taken, must be to introduce it the next Session. After the Committee had proceeded for some time the previous week, the attention of the Chairman was called to the fact that a quorum was lacking and then a motion for the Committee to rise was carried. D. D. McKenzie of Cape Breton North and others claim that this killed the bill. However, when the Committee met again Motaday morning an attempt was made to revive it. With a quorum in attendance the Chairman, E. K. Spinney, called the meeting for the discussion of the Bill. Mr. Duff, of Lunenburg, N. 8., attested the bill. D. D. McKenzie maintained that the Com- mittee was governed by the same rules as the House of Commons, and supported his contention by quoting a ruling of the Speaker in 1824, another by the Speaker of the British House of Commons, in 1836, (Bourinet.) These three authorities agreed that Committees oper- ated under the same rules and regulations as the House of Commons, and the Committee of the House,—that the motion for the Chairman to leave the chair was in order, and that such being carried, the matter be- fore the Committee was dead unless revived by un- animous consent. The Bill has now been Assassinated three of four times—largely by political braves with knives ever sharp to murder anything introduced by the Govern- ment. The benefits of the Bill are not comsidered and not even a modification of any of its parts is sug- gested. However, the Fish Inspection Act is not easilv killed outright. It will, like the proverbiai eat, revive again. Those who killed it this time ean go back to their constituencies and tell the fishermen that they did their best to kill the Act and our Fish trade as well. FISH HATCHERIES. TO BE OR NOT TO BE? Many arguments, pro and con, have been heard on the subject of the artificial propagation of fish. It has gone down to a matter of serious contentious opinion, There are those who believe that fish hatcher- ies are the only remedy to replace the depletion caused by men; others contend that Dame Nature is the best CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. hatchery of all‘ and believe that close seasons will do— the trick and give the fish a chance to recuperate. A great deal of comtroversy on the subject has | raged out on the Pacific Coast in ¢onnection with salmon propagation, and recently a member of Parlia-_ ment made a scathing indictment against the Govern- ment Hatehery policy on the floor of the House. We are fortwaate in securing for this issue, two articles on the subject by able writers. These present the case for and against. The question will also be very thoroughly discussed at the coming Convention in Vancouver. er ATLANTIC FISHERIES COLLEGE. We are glad to note in the Halifax press’ an agita- tion for the establishment of a Fisheries College. At the Vancouver Convention it is hoped that a definite decision may be arrived at with regard to the Pacific Fisheries College. The plan adopted on the west coast might be used by the Atlantic industry and the two schools established simultaneously. The whole scheme depends upon the indwanee Tf they are willing to equip a building for the College, the Federal and Provincial Governments will consider the future upkeep and maintenance of the institution. ' SPECIAL CONVENTION ISSUE OF THE CANA. DIAN FISHERMAN. The June issue will be a special issue devoted to the proceedings at the Convention of the Canadian Fish- eries Association at Vancouver, June 3rd, 4th, and 5th. The number will be greatly enlarged, fully illus- trated and a full transcript of the speeches and dis- cussions will be recorded. The very important and valuable papers read at the Convention will be in- eluded. This issue will be well worth keeping as a permanent : record, and it is the intention of the publishers to pro- duce a magazine which will be a credit to the staff and in keeping with the development of our Fishing In- dustry. INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL FOR FISHERIES RESEARCH. The very important question of forming a Couneil to undertake fishery research work in the waters of North America will be taken up at the coming Con- vention of the Canadian Fisheries Association at Van- couver. From letters received from scientists and ad- ministrative officials in the countries we desire to have co-operate in this work, the United States and Newfoundland, the outlook is very encouraging and so far not a single dissentient note has been struck. — A motor-boat was launched at Wallece Bridge for Bridge the Burnham & Morrell Company. It has a speed of 10 knots and earries a capacity « of 20 tons. “THE CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS’”’ Under the above title, Prof John N. Cobb, Director the College of Fisheries, Seattle, and formerly editor _of the ‘‘Pacifie Fisherman,’’ has produced a text book “is is undoubtediy the standard work on the sub- t. The book is written for the cannery operator in sim- le, terse language iree from technicalities, and is most comprehensive work, covering the history and _ the processes for canning all the varieties of fish which lend themselves to preservation in this manner. _ The work is profusely illustrated with photographs and drawing ot the fisheries, fish, canneries, canning and various phases of processing, and the general: make-up of the volume is of a very high high order. — _ ‘Pext books of this nature relating to practical oper- ations in our fishing industries are very scarce in North America and when a book like the ‘‘Canning of Irisnery Products’? comes along we hail it with plea- sure as being a worthy nucleus of a future library of practical commercial fishery literature. Canadians engaged in canning fish of any kind should get this _ book—the price of which is $7.50 plus 50 cents post- age. Copies can be had from the ‘‘Pacific Fisherman,”’ _ {1 Columbia Street, Seattle, Wash., U.S.A. No canner should be without a copy. | ECHO OF ONTARIO GOVERNMENT FISH BUSI- NESS UP IN HOUSE Toronto member in Publis Accounts asks for inform- ae ation re Nipegon fish contract. Col. H S. Cooper, North-West Toronto, sought to tain before the Public Accounts Committee of the tario Legislature, information as to why J. A. ‘Little had secured a larger fishing contract on Lake _ Nipegon than others. The amount mentioned in the g public accounts as haveing been paid by the Govern- ment for fish delivered by Little was $40,000. D. Macdonald of the Game and Fisheries Department, - eould not explain, saying that the contract was let by Hon. Mr. Maediarmid. _ Colonel Cooper asked if Mr. Little got such a large ‘share. beeause he was a good Conservative to which ‘Mr. Maedonald replied, ‘‘I am not a politician,”’ Without the question having been raised, the witness stated that he was prepared to say that neither him- self nor any of his relatives ever got a five cent piece from Mr. Little in connection with the Nipegon fish- eres. co discussion also arose in the Legislature con- the act to amend the Game and Fisheries Act, oon y certain restrictions hitherto applying to uides for hunters were applied also to fishers. Ob- ions were made that a man could not go out for a day’s fishing, hiring a boat, without seeing that the man he employed held a departmental certificate. A _ penalty attached for this line of action was struck out of the bill, and restrictions on granting licenses for hunters’ guides were not permitted to extend to the fishing industry or sport. fi NEWFOUNDLAND DRY COD. _ Large Quantities Bought for Halifax Account. Halifax, N.S.. April 26—Large quantities of dry are being purchased by Halifax merchants in New- dland, and during the last ten days seven cargoes, << CANADIAN FISHERMAWN 117 aggregating 35,000 quintals, have arrived at this port. This fish is of the 1919 catch, surplus of which was on hand in St. John’s and outports. The price paid in Halifax is $13 per quintal, making the value of the importation in the past week and a half, $445,000. In the ordinary course of trade this fish should have been marketed abroad last year from Newfoundland, but, owing to the condition of the turopean market and the exchange situation, it was held over and is now avail- able for Halifax merchants to supply cue West Indian and Brazil markets. LABELS. The label constitutes one of the great selling points in canned goods. The attractive label catches the eye and invites further investigation and, usually, ques- tions as to the contents of the can which bears the label. The manufacturer of the product, in putting up his goods invariably wishes to have the very best and most attractive selling point to catch the custom- ers eye in the case of canned goods it is the label. When a Company such as the Schmidt Litograph Company is compelled to make extensive additions and improvements to its present plant such as is being done at the present time at Second and Bryant Streets San Francisco, there is but one reason and that is that their business has become so extensive that the new additions are absolutely necessary. The new structure will be five stories high, 43 ft. by 125 ft. and immediately adjoining the present building. There will also be a one story structure 79 ft. by 125 ft. on the Sterling street side adjoining the present structure. On top of the present building there will be an additional structure for the accomo- dation of the rapidly growing advertising service de- partment. When these additions are finished the en- tire structure will cover an area 225 ft. by 250 ft. fac- ing three streets, Second, Bryant and Sterling with a total floor space of more than 200,000 sq. ft. The five story building will be of brick finished in terra cotta conforming with the present building. A tower 183 feet high will surmount the new structure and earry a four faced clock with dials 8 feet in diam- eter which will be easily seen from Market Street. The roof of the new structure will be occupied by a roof garden; hand, volley and basket ball courts and athletic equipment. A real feature of the new plant will be the conver- sion of the present office into an indoor recreation and lunch room. This room will be equipped with musical instruments, enabling the employees to dance during their spare moments, and in addition to this recreation room there will be card and committee rooms where various committees on safety, athletics, etc., will be privileged to meet. Vessels coming from the fishing grounds of the Mid- dle West Pubnieo report that fish is not searce, but weather conditions prevent good catches. Fishermen on the rivers report alewives searece. Very good catches of lobster were made in some districts and the price of small ones has dropped to 12 cents per pound, and dealers are paying 18 cents per pound for large ones. Ontario people not using enough Government-con- trolled fish to keep the fishermen busy says Minister. 118 CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. FISH INSPECTION ACT KILLED AGAIN FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT Ottawa, May 11th.—For this session at least, Bill No. 50, to amend the Fish Inspection Act is dead as the proverbial doornail. Those who had been hoping for this bill to bring about an improvement in the stan- dards of fish packing in Canada, must possess them- selves in patience, until another session, when the Minister may introduce a similar bill and seek to get it through the House. Taking every advantage of a rule of the House and Committees which says that a motion for the chair- man to rise without the committee making a report. kills the measure before it, a small handful of Liberal members from the Maritime Provinces, members of the Marine and Fisheries Committees of the Commons, accomplished the overthrow of this legislation on May 10. Perhaps a share of the blame should also be at- tached to the members of the committee who were not opposed to the bill but should not think it worth while to attend the sittings and make a fight against the opponents of the bill. i The chief objection to it had been on the grounds that inspection was made compulsory and that fines were provided for those who failed to live up to the provisions of the proposed legislation. William Log- gie was agreeable to giving the bill a trial. He did not like some of the clauses but thought thev could be ironed out as the committee went along. There had heen considerable talk on the bill at an earlier meeting of the committee when it was explained by depart- mental officers as an attempt to improve the standard of the Canadian pack of pickled fish. The real fight, however, developed at last week’s meeting. when J. H. Sinelair (Antigonish and Guys- boro) declared himself ovnosed to the nrineiple of eompnlsion in the bill and fought it on that ground. In this he was seconded by F. J. Pelletier (Matane. Que.): R. W. Wigmore, (St. John); and W. G. Me- Quarrie (New Westminster) wanted the committee to approve the principles of the bill. In their opinion it would build up the Canadian fish trade overseas and be of benefit to the industry. The chairman’s attention was called to lack of a quorum, at this point in the meeting, and there was nothing to do but adjourn. Instead however, the mo- tion that the committee ‘‘rise’’ was put and earried. Then arose a little hubbub, with D. D. MeKenzie. (Cape Breton N.) protesting that according to all the rules of the House and committees the bill was dead and should remain so. The chairman was of a different oninion and brought it forth again at a meet- ine on Monday morning (May 10.) No sooner had the final meeting been called to order than the fight began. William Duff (Lunenburg) protested that the bill was dead and there was nothing before the committee. D. D. McKenzie quoted Speak- ers of the Canadian and British Houses of Commons and also Bourinot to support his statement. Mr. Wig- more protested against throwing out the bill on a mere technicality, and the chairman, being asked for a rul- ing, said that in his opinion the discussion of the bill should be proceeded with. From that time it’s fate was a foregone conclusion. William Duff moved to report progress, while Wig- more moved to approve the principles of the bill. The latter motion was defeated by one vote: 7-6. Then Pelletier, of Matane, moved that the chairman leave the chair. For a long time E. K. Spinney, (Yarmouth and Clare) who was in the chair, hesitated about putt- ing that motion. He wanted to change to a motion to adjourn, but Pelletier held to his point and quoted Bourinot to show that a motion for the chairman to leave the chair was always in order and that such a motion took precedence over any other business. This was finally put and earried by seven votes to five. Thus this bill, which it was claimed by several mem- bers of the committee and by the departmental offi- cers would have helped place the industry on a sound footing, was defeated by a ‘‘small handful of wilful men.’’ However, the other members of the commit- tee who did not attend the meetings must bear their share of the blame. It was intimated that a similar bill may be intro- duced next session at the instance of the department, and that when this is done, every eare will be taken to avoid a repetition of yesterday’s episode. MARKING OF TINS CONTAINING FISH IMPORT- ED INTO FRANCE, Mr. Hercule Barré, Canadian Government Trade Commissioner in Paris, writes under date April 6 amending his report on the marking of tins econtain- ing fish which appeared in Weekly Bulletin No. ‘845, page 803, to read as follows :— By the French Government regulations, all tins or other receptacles containing fish must have the name of the country or origin ‘‘Canada”’ indelibly stamped or embossed on such receptacles, and also on packing eases containing same. The marking of boxes is not necessary for shell-fish. During the war exceptions have been made in cer- tain eases, but the exceptions are only temporary, and it is strongly recommended that these regulations should be complied with. | >! Te Ee ee ae a ee ee ee ee feo (OEE | May, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 119 aL it " “jh: OF I i, “sh nn "i v rm il vi f LAE iz If the Treaty Is Not Ratified Why Give the Advantage to the Other Fellows The following correspondence is quite self explana- tory, and there is ample reason right here for the ap- pointment of an advisory board of commissioners for British Columbia fisheries. What is the United States doing in regard to the ratification of the Treaty? Has Ottawa any information as,.to when this step will be taken? It’s a long time since the International Com- mission made their report. Meanwhile British Co- Iumbia is suffering, and the fishermen of Puget Sound fo right on getting the salmon. Vancouver, B.C., April 3, 1920. L. H. Darwin, Esq., State Fish Commissioner, Seattle, Wash. Dear Sir :— You will see by the enclosed copy of an Order in Council dated February 28th, 1920, relative to the reg- nlations covering (inter alia) the weekly close times for trap net fishing in Canadian Waters during 1920. it was ordained that each trap net should be equipped with a ‘‘V’’ shaped opening in the lead of such trap net which opening shall remain open and unobstrucet- ed during the full period of weekly close time. T have a copy of the Washington Fish Laws, 1917 edition, which provides for a similar ‘‘V”’ shaped open- ing “‘in the Columbia River District.’’ May I ask whether the regulation referred to, has heen changed to include traps on Puget Sound? I understood the rules in respect to traps on both side of the line were made identical under the Treaty negotiated last vear. but which unfortunately was not ratified by the United States Government. T shall be much obliged if you will kindlv enlighten me on this point, and if a more recent edition of the Puget Sound regulations has been issued, favour me with 3 or 4 copies at your early convenience. Thanking you in anticipation of your courtesies, I remain Yours faithfully, B.C, SALMON CANNERS’ ASSN. W. D. Burdis, Secretary. State Fish Commissioner & State Game Warden, State Fisheries Building, Seattle, Wash., April 8th, 1920. W. D. Burids, Esq., B.C. Salmon Canners’ Ass’n., City. Dear Sir :— Responding to yours of April 3rd. The trap closing regulations on the Columbia River differ from those in Puget Sound. The Puget Sound regulations do not require the ‘‘V’’ shaped opening such as is required on the Columbia River. There has been no change in our Food Fish Laws since 1917. I am sure I have furnished you a copy of our laws as it stands today. However, I am sending you another copy, under separate cover and if you need more, if you will let me know, I will be pleased to furnish them. Respectfully, (S¢d.) L. H. DARWIN, State Fish Commissioner. Vancouver, B. L. H. Darwin, Esq. P. O. Box 384, Seattle, Wash. Dear Sir :— C., April 8th, 1920 [ am much obliged for your favour of the 6th in- stant, and the copy of the 1917 Fisheries Regulations, which have not been changed to govern operations in 1920. There has probably been a oe misunderstanding in relation to the insertion in the Canadian Trap reg- ulations for 1920, of a rule that traps must have a ‘‘V’ shaped opening left for use during the weekly close time, on this side, when a similar rule does not apply on Puget Sound, for I understood, (though the Treaty did not materialize), the respective 1920 regulations would conform to the conditions to have been imposed under the Treaty; and which has the reason why 1 wrote you on the subject. Again thanking you, I remain Yours faithfully, B.C. SALMON CANNERS’ ASS’N. (S¢d.) W. D. Burdis, Secretary. > 120 Dominion Fisheries, British Columbia, Rogers Building, Vancouver, B.C., April 21st, 1920. W. D. Burdis, Esq., See. B.C. Salmon Canners’ Ass’n., London Building, City. ENFORCING WEEKLY CLOSE SEASON FOR TRAPNETS. : Dear Mr. Burdis :— You will remember having discussed with me the question as to whether the new regulation requiring the ‘‘V’’ shaped opening in the lead of trapnets was to apply to those operating in Canadian waters on the west coast of Vancouver Island when the same require- ment was not exacted from trapnet owners operating in Puget Sound. The Department replies that whilst the requirement does not obtain at the present time on Puget Sound, when the International regulations come into effect it will be applicable, and it would be obviously unfair to the operators of traps in other parts of British Co- lumbia if those on the southern portion of Vancouver Island were allowed to be operated in a different manner. The Department does not consider it would be wise to make such an exception. Will you kindly inform those corresponding with you on this question of the decision reached. > Yours faithfully, (Sgd.) F. H. CUNNINGHAM, Chief Inspector of Fisheries. Vancouver, B.C., April 28rd, 1920, Colonel F. H. Cunningham, Chief Inspector of Fisheries, Vancouver, B.C. Dear Sir:— I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the 21st instant, advising me that the Department re- fuses to place our trap operators on the Straits of Fuca on a parity with those on Puget Sound in respect to the ‘‘V’’ shaped opening in the lead to be used dur- ing weekly closed seasons, ordained by the Canadian Regulations, February 28th, 1920, but which had been intentionally omitted from the Washington State Re- gulations, and which Commissioner Darwin states have not been changed since 1917, and intimates will not be changed for 1920. The reason advanced for said refusal:—viz. that to eliminate the provision for a ‘‘V’’ shaped opening in traps on the Canadian side of the Straits of Fuca, would be unfair to operators in other areas of B. C. waters, shows a very inadequate appreciation of the conditions. In no other part of the Canadian waters, of which 1 am aware, are our operators faced by such an unfair advantage to their American competitors, as is assur- ed by the discriminatory regulation referred to. If Messrs. Todd & Sons and others over here have to provide and the use the “‘V’’ shaped opening every week, the result will be that the fish so exempted from capture on this side, will proceed to Puget Sound and be caught in the traps there. It would not be so bad if such fish were passed along for our gillnet fishermen to capture, but why our CANADIAN FISHERMAN -_ May, 1920. Government should legislate in favour of Puget Sound trap owners, even after the unfairness of such a regu- lation is shown them, is inexplicable to ordinary minds. , Spates So ' The trap owners in other B. C. Locations would not _ raise the slightest objection to a regulation so mani- festly warranted in relation to the conservation of -% the salmon supply, anymore than they eppose the dif- ferent definitions of the hours for closing fishing in different localities. Saar ale Surely the Department would be warranted in 3 ht- a: ing such a manifest injustice to our people, whose inter- —__ ests are so flagrantly menaced by the Washington Authorities. rr ae . If the case was reversed I am certain the Americans would have used every means of influerice possible to have the regulations made synonymous immediately. — I would therefore recommend that the ‘‘V’’ shaped — opening in lead of the traps be not enforced until such time as the International Fisheries Treaty is in force oe in all its conditions on both sides of the line, when __ 4 the regulations requiring this opening in the lead, _ will inter alia be cheerfully accepted by Canadian Trap operators in the Straits of Fuea.. - Ui eee Thanking you in anticipation of your endorsement of this reasonable and rational request, I remain Yours faithfully, (Dasa B.C. SALMON CANNERS’ ASS’N. © (Sgd.) W. D. Burdis, Seeretary. ATLANTIC SALMON HATCHERIES SUCCESSFUL Atlantic salmon undergoing incubation in hateh-_ erles operated by the Federal Government in the Mari- _ time Provinees are worked to. capacity. Eggs are of exceptionally fine quality, and the outlook is fora record hatch and distribution. This is the report of S. J. Walker, Hatchery Inspector, who has just re- turned to Ottawa after an inspection tour. = During the last few years, achieved wonders in re-stocking the east which had depleted or were tending in that direction. Not only are such rivers as the Restigouche in as good condition as they ever were, but salmon are again frequenting streams in Hants and Queens Counties, Nova Seotia, as a result of stocking from hatcheries. They appear in great numbers in Petit- codiae, and other streams in New Brunswiek; and in Prince Edward Island, they are coming back to the rivers in such large numbers that thé collection of eggs, — which had not been possible for over twenty years, is again being successfully conducted. ee ci. Even lay men who have had an opportunity to watch re-stock rivers closely, speak highly of the ef-— forts of the Department. Honorable C. J. Osman, of Hillsboro, N.S., who is keenly interested in the Petit- codiae River, wrote to the Department on April 16th, stating that the Department's efforts had met with great success, as during the last two days he spent on the river, September 12th and 13th last, when it was _ in high flood it seemed to be almost full of salmon. If the stream was properly protected it will, he feels sure, in a few years time, contain as many fish as it did in the early days of settlement, provided of course that the placing of fry is continued systematically for a few years longer, artificial propagation + rivers and streams in 4 “May, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Lae AALS (os HP ANE FISH HATCHERIES NOT THE REMEDY WILLIAM DUFF’S CHARGES SHOULD BE INVESTIGATED By COLIN McKAY “Tt should be clear to anyone who _ intelligently studies the Department blue books that a large sum of mcmey is positively wasted annually on the artificial propogation of fish. Especially so in view of the much larger sum spent in the shape of salaries and travel- ling expenses for the maintenance of an army of out- side officers, numbering nearly 1,000, besides 40 per- manent and 18 hired patrol boats with their crews, whose main duty is police work, i.e., enforcing the ob- servance of the close season and other restrictive _ measures for the protection, chiefly, of the very kinds of fish that are artificially propogated at such enorm- ous expense in our hatcheries.”’ Thus Mr. Duff, who hails from the Grimsby of Can- ada, (Lunenburg), told Parliament, and so far his drastic criticism has not been answered. “Any same man,”’ adds Mr. Duff, ‘‘is bound to eonelude that either the enormous expenditure on fish breeding, or that on fish protection, should be largely reduced.’’ And Mr. Duff presents facts and figures which he claims ‘‘cause thinking men to marvel at the stupidity of permitting in a comparatively new country with a sparse populatiou, and with what are practically vir- gin fisheries in lakes and rivers of huge dimensions, the expenditure of so much money on the artificial propogation of fish for so long without question.”’ Mr. Duff is certainly rough on Dominion Fisheries policy with his direct indictment of stupidity and emor- mous waste, and his implication of insanity. In this matter of fish culture it might have been thought that Canada would have profited by the ex- perience of European countries. But apparently it has not done so; apparently it has repeated the ex- periments of Europe on a prodigious scale on a much greater scale relatively than the United States, Pos- sibly the Dominion Fisheries Department could make out a good ease for its experiments in view of the dif- ferent conditions prevailing in our fisheries; and ex- periments in fish culture on a small scale would hardly be regarded as conclusive of amything m view of the _ Yast extent of our fisheries. But it would be interest- ing to know whether the closing of the lobster hatcher- ies was due to war induced economy, or a recognition of their uselessness, as claimed by Mr. Duff. The answer to that would throw some light on another ques- tion: whether the establishment of the numerous hatch- eries was governed by scientific considerations purely, “= cn” ai an al a or was unduly influenced by politicians, anxious to create jobs in their constituencies and also the impres- sion that they were alive to the need of modern im- provements. It is quite unlikely that the permanent officials of the Department are ignorant of European experience; nor is it likely that their experiments would have de- veloped into extravagant proportions, if political in-° ~ fluence had mot stimulated their activities beyond the requirements of science. But it is possible the average politician, the average outside official and the fishing population generally, have little definite information regarding European experience. Britain has consider- able fund of technical information about the fisher- ies, mostly buried in blue books; France has numerous books, dealing with every phase of the fisheries, but probably none are available in the English language; Germany has a ponderous technical literature con- cerning the fisheries. Doubtless- the Departmental library at Ottawa is well stocked with techmical pub- lications dealing with the Fisheries but they are not accessible: to fishermen. And Canada has no Fisheries Schools, which might serve as centres for the dissemin- ation of technical information. Experiments in fish culture have been carried on for ages. In Pliny, and Cato we find passages which would seem to indicate that the ancient Roman prac- tised agriculture with considerable success. But at most a few wealthy Romans cultivated privateoyster beds, and domestie fish ponds, in order to supply their own tables. They did no more for the general fisheries than Salmon Fishing Clubs, holding fishing privileges in certain rivers do for the commer- cial salmon fisheries at the mouth of such rivers, The Chinese have also practiced aquiculture for ages, but they have confined their attention to a few species of fish, and have never obtained any important results, The British tried fish culture generations ago, came to the conelusion that it was not of much value, A “ns : prices on the items I have — ‘ marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year I use...gals. Motor Oil per year 7 li White Rose Gaso ine ‘ 2 E GGG 6c gals. Kerosene per year is the ideal power fuel for motor boat or other I use....gals. Tractor Oil per year engines. If you would win in the race home : “> "Sa “Sh, ee eee ae ee lbs. Motor Grease per year from the fishing grounds, use White Rose. = # ### “3 “& 7%,\ #/ I use:....... Ibs. Axle Grease per year National Frictionless Compound OFS NR treet Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions = =§ # “A@GFOBS. ++ +e essen essere ence nese eee eseeeees eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy bearings. Scientifically Refined in Canada by: earns Canadian Oil Companies, Limited L OWN. “Aig "BaaESE “CE bios Beaty °°” Sold at the following sea and lake ports: (Be sure to give name of auto., tractor or boat, or game ‘ will not be sent.) Saye ST. JOHN UEBEC MONTREAL B Automobile; am at present using.............ccccccccecuce TORONTO OWEN SOUND KINGSTON Motor Oil, I will be in the market for more oil again about SAULT STE. MARIE Sere ome Soar er. and you may quote me on..............gallons Postoffice....... sini WER PUREDED wile v6 060s a 0 o'620 Province........, En-ar-co National Motor Oil. CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. 26 PECK SLIP NEW YORK May, 1820. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 87 Se ee a, eae re a Agent for the sale of Newfoundland, Labra- dor and other SALTED COD and HADDOCKS. CONSULTING DIRECTOR to the CANADIAN FISH & COLD STORAGE OO., Limited, Prince Rupert, (ESTABLISHED 1883). THOMAS GRIMSBY, England - ROBINSON TRAWLER OWNER, FISH SALESMAN, FISH MERCHANT Agent for the sale and purchase of STEAM TRAWLERS, etc. oo The LARGEST BRI. ’ TISH IMPORTER of Canadian Frozen Fish. B.C. Bankers :— THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL BANK OF ENGLAND LTD., GRIMSBY Branch. Telegraphic and Cable address :— **“RELIANCE, GRIMSBY”’. CANADIAN EXPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OF FISH SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES GAZETTE Petes ¢ se eae 26/- including postage “hes Mas. eee are eo 13/- “ “ ER sae age sata 6/6 “ “ Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office:—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNEY J, WILLIAMS, Government Auctio FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS, Genera | Offices: —43-45 Monument Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3. CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. Importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers: Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. May, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN R. J. EDERER COMPANY CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. Manufacturers of COTTON POUND NETTING, COTTON GILL NETTING, COTTON TRAP NETTING, LINEN GILL NETTING, COTTON SEINE NETTING, HOOP NET WEBBING, POUND NETS, TRAP NETS, HOOP NE7S, HAUL SEINES, PURSE SEINES. Write us for prices. MANILA ROPE, SEINE TWINE. THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOMAS, ONTARIO 4] The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. {| Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. YC, COP RR, GTR. P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. 4] Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut 242°, WRITE OR WIRE US. YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited 90 i CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. Fishermen’s and Shipbuilders’ Supplies Fishermens’ Rope MAITRE CORD SEAMING TWINE OAKUM CAULKING. COTTON PINE PITCH LIFE BUOYS LIFE JACKETS DAKE STEERING GEARS MOON GENERATOR PLANTS SPIKES CHAIN PAINTS ENGINE PACKINGS CEDAR CORKS CAR tm TAR REDUCER NET CLEANSER OIL CLOTHING NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS LIFE BOATS and EQUIPMENT William G. Wilson & Gompany ' Head Office: 21 Camden St. TORONTO Ontario FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, HADDOCK and POLLOCK SALTED COD, HAKE POLLOCK and CUSK All our goods are prime stock, as every- thing we buy is prac- tically alive when re- moved from the fish- ing boats and taken into our plant. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 Ibs. New York Offire ARCH 11, BROOKLYN BRIDGE Telephone Beekman 187 Boston Representative FRANK J. LEACH Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass BUY BEAVER BRAND SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, BLOATERS, KIPPERS and FILETS. CARLOAD LOTS A SPECIALTY Beaver Brand © As we smoke only the finest grade of Had- dock, the finished pro- duct should be of par- ticular interest to dis- criminating buyers. Fish taken right out of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thorough- ly modern smoke- house. Plant at Liverpool, N.S Plant North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. siverroon "sy. Muni. NOVA SCOTIA May, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 Booth Fisheries Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TO RO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | Chamcook, N.B. | | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. Salmo GC a A N |e C A Lobster N S Herring Etc. Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Hamilton, Ont. Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD. VANCOUVER, B.C. “Brunswick Brand GRADE FOODS CONNORS BROTHERS, rape Dianek Offéeé PACKERS AND CANNERS, Cable Address: Nees wc ke lo eke a ee ee 8, St. Geo 4 6 Ward Street, | BLACK’S HARBOUR, Telegraphic Address: St. John, N.B. St. George, N.B. License ae ” 1608, - SREP ee a ee May, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN. 93 ge eae pA\ “Ah 0 | _MICAVIEY AT Out After the Gaspereaux gal JN: a small motor boat with a high sea running. Those are the times that you must a sure of the re Hiability of your accessories. The name “‘McAvity” on them is » guarantee of their hain to function under any conditio ons, We illustrate four of the many we manufacture and sell. | T. McAVITY & SONS, Limited ST. JOHN, N.B. Montreal Winnipeg Harvard Turnbull & Co. Excelsior Life Bldg. TORONTO. i LINDE REFRIGERATING MACHINERY Is known and recognized the world over as ‘The Standard Refrigerating Machine We have carefully studied Refrigeration under all conditions in Canada for- the past 25 years and know what is best for the Canadian Manufacturer. Our Machinery is ‘‘Made in Canada’’ The Linde Canadian Refrigeration Co., Limited 37 St. PETER St., MONTREAL, P.Q. TORONTO WINNIPEG VANCOUVER Makers of Quality Refrigerating Machinery Since 1896 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, : Nova Scotia. WE ARE BUYING High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring Herring in Tomato Sauce Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer VHAY FISHERIES CO. Detroit, - Mich. BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have proved most eae tory are . HALIFAX and ACADIA Refuse Inferior Substitutes ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, LUNENBURG, N.S. Sold Everywhere =| Cable Address: “McZatzman,” St. John, N.B., Canada. Code used A, B, C, Fifth Edition. | MCCORMACK & ZATZMAN Wholesale Dealers and Curers of — Fresh, Frozen and Salt Fish. Largest Packers and Curers of Salt Alewives in Canada. 77 SMYTHE STREET, ST. JOHN NB. FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters —) Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. | CANADA —=- = A. E. HICKMAN CO, Limited ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL May, 1920. CANADIAN BPISHERMAN 95 The Fisheries of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of Fish and Fish Products - and - Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various a Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore sheries. @ The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for the economical exploitation by fishing vessels of of the larger type. @ Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight-—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. lf You Are Buying Fish— lf You Have Capital To Ilvnest— lf You Are a Practical Fisherman — COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRITE W. B. MacCOY, “Sxiinmimn 197 Hollis St., Halifax ig et 96 “CANADIAN FISHERMAN May, 1920. MARITIME FISH CORPORATION LIMITED. THE “DOROTHY M. SMART,” HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S., FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. HEAD. OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. MONTREAL CANADA License No, 1-148 May, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 97 Established 1874 D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of ‘Figs IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 lb. Blocks, 20 lb. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, communicate with us It will always pay and interest you 98 Acadia Gas Engines, Ltd.... American Can Company .. .. Anderson & Miskin .. .. .. Armstrong Independent Fish- eries, Ltd. .. .. ‘Aasis and 00.006. Se ae B . Printing & Litho Co., , Sas Bisieag Booth Fisheries of Ceoniie: Limited . - ais Birks, ‘Geawtord & Co. Bruce, Stewart & Co., Ltd. .. Cc Canada Metal Co... ..... =. Canadian Fairbanks - Morse Co., Ltd. Canadian Fish and C old Stor- age Co., Ltd. Canadian "Fishing Co pi; “Ltd. Janadian Ice Machine Con. Canadian Milk Products, Ltd. Canadian Oil Companies, Ltd. Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet COMD NEY le ie ike eee Pett MOter G0.) ne eed ROOD, Draco a Connors Bros., Ltd. .. ..:.. Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd. Crossley Lead & Machine Co. D Davis Frank E. Co. De Forest Radio Telephone ‘& OOO 638050 Dominion Battery Co. : Department of the Naval Service -- -: Des Brisay, M. & Ci ppypany. Donaldson, Jolin -: +» -- Bderrer, R. J. Company .. .. Byerett Packing Company F Farquhar & Company .. Fish Trades Gazette .. .. Forge, Peter .... .. Freeman & Cobb, Ine. . Fromm & Co., F. HW... .. .. 11. 89 94 87 88 16 13 CANADIAN FISHERMAN G Goodrich Rubber Co., The A. Gosse - Millerd Packing | Co. ia Ltd. Gulowsen i Sales Cor D.. H Halliday, T. Hallett, he ee Mier Hatton, D. Company . Hickman, A. E. Company I Imperial Oil Company .. Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. Intemational Business Mach- mes: Dtde ss eee J Jaeobson Gas a CO. Journeaux, H. tote Julian, C. O. & ‘Gok J, V. B. Engine Co. K Kermath Mfg. Co... .. .. L — Labrador Fisheries .. Lambert, Walter Lemetais, Jean’. ar. -<..°s5 Leslie, R. J. Dice ths Leckie, John, Limited Fav Letson & Burpee, Limited .. Levesons, Limited. Linde Canadian Refri iger ation Co., Ltd. : 5 Lockeport Cold ‘Storage Co., Limited... .. London & Petrolea ’ Barrel, Iurimited ae Lyons, Chas. & Co. .. M Maritime Fish Corporation, Limited. MeAvity T. & Sona: Ltd. MeCormack & Zatzman .. .. Minards Liniment .. .. .. Mueller, Chas., Co., Ltd... .. Mustad, 0. & Son .. 2. 4, N Neville Cannieries, Ltd... .. Index to Advertisers oy 77 _ May, 1920. New England Fish Co., Inc .. Newfoundland Fishery Pro- ducts Export Company .. Noble, Chas. Jr., Company. . North American Fisheries & Cold Storage Co., Ltd. .. Nova Scotia Goverament .. 0 O’Loane, Kiely & Co., Ltda Pp Process Engineers, Ltd. .. .. Parker, A. R. & Sons .. .. .. Phenix Packing Co... .. .. Q _Quebee Government .. .. .. R Ramirez and Co. Ranney Fish Co. ; PS Robin, Jones & Whitman a Robinson, Thomas ~.:\.4-seeee Schmidt Litho Co. . Silver, Hi. Re) ages ae Smith & Ritchie... .. 22%. Spooner, W. R. .. Stamford Foundry Co., Ltd... St. Thomas Packing Co., Ltd. Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Ltd. ek T Tower Canadian, Ltd. .. Vv Vhay Fisheries Co. .. Ww Wallace Fisheries, Ltd. .. .. Walker, Thos. & Son, Ltd. Wannenwetsch, C. i. A, 4 Company .. valk Ward, W. A. & Co. Wells, J. S., Ltd . Western Packers ei Ee ss hie Wilson; W..C.. Con vices Whittal Can Co., Ltd. . Ward, W. A. and Co. .. D4 Yarmouth Trading Co. .... 84 - 15 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Lae RE The Red lone ‘round the trop CE eae is getting to be more of a problem to workers daily. Confronted with rising costs on practically all raw material, you must buy with exceeding care to get proper values. Make no mistake—insist on nothing less than Goodrich “Hi-Press.” You will get more comfort and far longer wear than with any other foot- wear made. “Hi-Press” represents fifty years of Rubber Knowledge, and an unswerving policy of square dealing. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY Akron, Ohio 50,000 dealers sell Goodrich Foot- wear. There is a 77 style for every kind of labor and sport. Good rich aiiker Baweer CANADIAN FISHERMAN i Py ER i) ar ow i op = = 7 = Ma am 1 = Se = <2 = = = ° | , I] et 2 7 @ = Above shows the wells knwo International Card Time Recorder in operation. International Time Recorders An honest policy—an honest service—an honest product has built up our great success over 30 years. It is doubtful if there is any known contrivance more necessary to the employer of labor, large and small, than the International Time Recorder. This is proven by the thousands of successful firms who use them and who, by so doing, back up our statements. International WEEKLY Dial Recorder Shown at left— gives in complete form an entire week’s payroll, which can be iled in a binder, replacing old style payroll book. International Double Drum DAILY Dial Recorder Shown at right—-one drum or yesterday’s record—the other for to-day’s. The “vesterday record” can thus ~, be removed any time to-day » without interfering with the > current record. An invalua- ) >> ble method of securing daily = distribution costs. » We have some new, very interesting folders to send you. International Business Machines Company Limited TIME RECORDER DIVISION Head Office and Factory FRANK E. MUTTON, Branches in all Campbell Ave., Toronto, Ont. Vice-President and General Manager. Principal Cities (Also makers of Hollerith Electric Tabulators and Dayton Computing Scales) ot ee eee a ae a - Se ee iS | | 7 H i’ | a : S . == in e/a . HHT] , Wil \ i * — v » =| XN A 4 mn 4 CG un’ ’ @ ’ am, a | b x J s s B77 y ny 4 | We ’ ~ as: ox 2 ‘ yy We 4 i ' ; ' é . ' Vi § “> AY / ¢ ‘ y se - #7? ey => =» — m a y “~¢, ‘ ioe ean, “ . \ ay * J ue a ae rs = S fii | = - ‘ ag A “Uy : | 77 : We s/f; wn vw ace 9 ° Al The CANADIAN tw. %| FISHERMAN Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association 3 CONVENTION NUMBER a REPORT OF THE a) UL ite e FOURTH CONVENTION : : CANADIAN FISHERIES ; it ASSOCIATION. a VOL. VII. Gardenvale, Que., JUNE, 1920 No. Pe AR See ~~ CANADIAN FISHERMAN Steamships and Vessel Owners. Lockeport Cold Storage Co. j LIMITED W. M. Hodge. President. Cod - Haddock - Herring - Mackerel --- Smoked --- Fillets - Haddies - Kippers - Bloaters Car lots a Specialty. Plant, Smoke house and Freezer, LOCKEPORT, Nova Scotia. June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN OLINDER'S ave ov. ENGINE ee ee ee ae ee ee ee ee Pe eee a steed ' aa 4 The M.S. ‘‘Teco’’ 125’ long, 23’ beam, equipped with one 160 B.H.P. Bolinder Engine. 83 CENTS A MILE ONLY is what the M. S. “Teco” costs in operating expenses. Tt ee ae ee The “Teco” is a vessel of 300 tons carrying capacity, owned by the Taylor Engineering Co., Limited, Vancouver, B.C. Speed loaded approximately 8 knots on an average fuel consumption of 7 gallons per hour. Completed in May, 1919, she has since been operated in the coastwise ship- ping business in B.C. The owners state that she has a very successful running record, and that the Bolinder Engine has given excellent satisfaction in every way. The “Teco” is a typical example of BOLINDER EFFICIENCY, ECONOMY, and DEPENDABILITY Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Limited Shaughnessy Building . - - MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. CORDAGE is a small item of expense in the Fishing Industry. But a very important item in results. ‘““LION BRAND” CORDAGE is made for Fisher- men who always insist on the best they can buy— The dependable. You will find ““LION BRAND”? CORDAGE on hundreds of vessels standing the strain, never failing in hauling in the good catch. Specify “LION BRAND” on your next Cordage order and get the best. Coast to coast service. LION ESTABLISHED 1825 and Montreal, P.Q. and St. John, N.B. Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Quebec, P.Q. Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C. Specify whether rail or water carrier is desired. Consumers Cordage Company Limited E Mills at Dartmouth, N.S. Branches at Toronto, Ont. 4 Tees & Persse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Moose Jaw, a Le ee ee fies Ses ae ee Pe ee ee oe eee June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN PAW Ail =e=NeINEE JEAVY OL ENGINES Extraordinary marine power conditions in foreign coun- tries demand more than the mediocre in engine construction. Repeat orders from our representatives in foreign countries are evidence that “‘G. G.’”’ Heavy Oil Engines are not only making good but are built to meet the most exacting re- quirements of present day marine power in any part. of the world. DIRECT ACTING GOVERNOR—SLIDING CAM SHAFI CONTROL—ACCESSIBLE. FUEL PUMPS— PLUNGER TYPE WATER PUMPS—WATER COOL- ED MAIN BEARINGS and THRUST—ELECTRICAL STARTING PLUGS. BUILT IN SIZES FROM 4B.H.P. UP TO 550B.H.P. t For Descriptive Bulletin. Address Dept. C-2 GULOWSEN SALES CORPORATION SEATTLE, U.S.A. CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. SS a sere > SS STRENGTH # She strength of” this organization lies in the spirit of enthusiasm with which each member regards his share o production Schmid WY SCHMIDT LITHOGRAPH CO. SEATTLE LOSANGELES FRESNO PORTLAND SACRAMENTO HONOLULU SAN FRANCISCO i Sans, 1990. CANADIAN. FISHERMAN DRY AND PICKLED FISH FOR EXPORT @ The BRAND which has stood the test for many years, and is still the leader where QUALITY 1s the first Consideration. H.R. SILVER, LIMITED HALIFAX, Nova Scotia CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. Exceptional Angling ——OQOpportunities—= ~ are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- clusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are -~ absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of 3 Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec | a a rere es eae 0 ad hve June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured - The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario 10 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. EUTIUUMTY COPED Ane a, fe, 1CK BRAND Bi a8 S ‘CONNE AS: svc wp rage? anne wore MOF Be cere om rue rem are — CANADA'S The public have confidence in Brunswick Brand 4a In most every household where quality and perfection in Sea Foods are appreciated Brunswick Brand has won con- fidence and satisfaction. Prepared from the finest selected catches in an up-to-the-minute plant where “Purity” is the daily watchword, these incomparable Sea Foods are the embodiment of all that is wholesome and delicious. PU REP te a en Stock from the following list: 7 1 Oil Sardines } Mustard Sardines Finnan Haddies (Oval and Round Tins) Kippered Herring Herring in Tomato Sauce Clams PACKED BY \. CONNORS BROS.Ltd. 4 Won CaN BLA ACK'S HARBOUR,WB Ye June, 1920. ; CANADIAN FISHERMAN 11 SEA Sell Brunswick 4 Brand Sea Foods for Profit and . Reputation __ Brunswick Brand Sea Foods offer an excellent profit and _ their great popularity insures grocers of a quick turn over. They have been proven by Government analysis to be more nutritious and less expensive than any imported lines, and it is this reputation for superiority and value that guarantees that perfect customer satisfaction that spells bigger sales and better profits. ) Connors Bros., Limited : BLACK’S HARBOR, N.B. i Hie a CANADIAN FISHERMAN . June, 1920. TROYER-FOX CAN MAKING and CANNERS’ MACHINERY are so well and favorably known by all Salmon Packers that wherever a number of “« Live-Wire’”’ packers get together to discuss ‘‘ Ways and Means,” you will find them all agreed on one point, i.e.. TROYER-FOX MACHINES, perfected by many years of . close and intimate knowledge of the packers’ needs—do stand up and give satisfactory service when’the ‘big run is on.” If you have never had the good fortune to have TROYER-FOX MACHINES installed in your Cannery, then it has been to our mutual loss. Let us remedy this. We will gladly send you our Catalog telling you of our Automatic Fillers, Clinchers and Closing Machines. 4 DS 2-Spindle Automatic Ky Seamer or Closing Machine— Special design for the Salmon Packer—Speed 75 to PRES Ba Gio Salas apa merely) ye iennaelg stk vig beh 80 cans per minute. Attachments for (itt = No. 1 Tall, No. 1 Flat, No. ; Flat. WRITE AND TELL US OF YOUR NEEDS SEATTLE-ASTORIA IRON WORKS Builders of TROYER-FOX Sanitary Can Making and Canners’ Machinery SEATTLE, ° = : WASH. iy | Car Load Lots - Fe ee ey ae ;. aa | Operating Fisheries North Shore Gulf of Si. Lawrence ] Producers and Distributors | of = June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 13 Labrador Fisheries _ QUEBEC OFFICES Operating Plant and Cold Storage 147 MOUNTAIN HILL SEVEN ISLANDS, QUE. Famous Moisie River Salmon —— ORDERS SOLICITED Car Loads and Less than 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. Safe - Simple - Satisfactory Atlantic Marine Motors | MatsondBreck 2 . Built By Men | and Jum ver . Who Know HAVE ee For years, we have been building : STRONG fi}: Marine Engines that stand up to the work. Weknow what is re-' NO quired of an engine—and know DURABLE how to design and build them EQUAL to give the best results. SPEEDY This is why an Atlantic Marine Motor comes to you fully guaranteed to be free from imperfections in work- manship and material. Write for catalogue showing all designs in one, two and three cylinder motors, Lunenburg Foundry Crnrary Lunenburg, N.S. Built in Canada, By Canadians, With Canadian Capital 7 ial ‘ ~ as) 2 98 yal Ning ally LIS dabetel ATE ELL out a THE HOME OF ATLANTIC ENGINES Write For Interesting Catalogue. LUNENBURG FOUNDRY COMPANY, LIMITED. LUNENBURG, : NOVA SCOTIA CANADIAN FISHERMAN | FISH, MILK, FRUIT for We can quote attractive prices, C.I.F. (any port) for the prompt shipment of : } | CANNED SALMON (Chum, Whitespring, | ~~ Steelhead, Redspring, ¢ Reds, Blueback, Socke pered) CANNED PILCHARDS | CANNED HERRING CANNED CLAMS (Hand-packed) (Plain, (Whole Tomato Sauce, and Minced) | CANNED WHALE (Like Finest Corned Beef) CANNED MILK (Evaporated, Sterilizec j Sweetened and Unswee | DRIED FRUIT ) “Castle” and “Hall” t CANNED FRUIT Pears, Plum, Prunes, berries, Raspberries an _ HARRY HALL & CO., Limited 510 Hastings Street West, VANCOUVER, Canada A GOOD SELLER ——— _ SALNAY DANS > SS — We are Distributors < a a of the products of Dina ance! BRAND WASHINGTON OREGON CALIFORNIA Foreign Buying and Selling Agents Shipping and Com- mission Merchants Packers Selling Agents General Import Brokers Export Pink, *hinook, eye and Cohoe, King, Kip- Kippered) yrands of Apples, Apricots, Raisins, Figs, Currants, d Strawberries. i; Condensed, tened) Cherries, Pineapple, SR ee la a ‘LABELS Bas 2 STRONG WOODEN BOXES Double Wire Strapped Tins Lacquered to Avoid Rust CASES CONTAIN: —— Shipping Salmon (Fresh)— Weight 96 tins % Ib. net flat 79 Ibs, 18 tins % Ib. net flat 10 lbs. 18 tins 1 Ib. net flat 71 Ibs, 48 tins 1 Ib net tall 71 Ibs, Salmon (Kippered)— 96 tins % 1b. net flat 79 Ibs. Pilchards— 96 tins % Ib. net flat 79 Ibs, 48 tins 1 Ib. net tall 71 Ibs, Herring 96 tins &%& Ib, net oval 82 lbs. 96 tins % lb. net flat 79 Ibs. {8 tins 1 1b. net oval 72 Ibs. 48 tins 1 Ib. net tall 71 Ibs. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED Cable Address: “HARALL,” Vancouver, B.C. Codes Used: Western Union, 5th Letter AE C, Sth Edition, with Pive Letter Edition Armaby, 1911 Lieber—Bentley—Private The quality and condition of all shipments is inspected by a reliable independent examiner before labelled and shipped. BEST QUALITY AND SERVICE Is OUR AIM Grapes, Blackberries, Peaches, Logan- 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ‘June, 1920. Booth Fisheries Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TORONTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CA NNERIES | ii Chamcook, N.B. | p St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. 4 «ig aia og zi an June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 17 Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, » CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, \ CLINCHERS, COOLERS, A TRUCKS and all kinds of | TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over the old style, is only one of the distinctive features. Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (ictietrd ane the ccchen Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. SALMON! HERRING! PILCHARDS! PACKED 96 \/-lb. Plats per case. “8 I-lb. Flats per case. 48 1-lb. Talls per case. PACKED 96 \2-lb. Flats per case. 48 1-lb. Flats per case, 48 1-lb. Talls per case. PACKED 96 \2-lb. Ovals per case, 48 1-lb, Ovals per case. PART OF ONE OF OUR SIX PLANTS ~ Our Canneries are on the Fishing Grounds Nothing could Se more conducive to a better appreciation of our various canned sea foods than a visit to our canneries. Built over the water, with the restless tides ceaselessly laving the thousand cedar piles that support the buildings; fragrant with the odor of pine, spruce and cedar, for the ever- green forests stretch from the water’s edge to the snow-line. The Eterna: Snows of the mountains above supply the abundance of pure, ice-cold water with which the fish are thoroughly cleaned. From the moment the fish are snatch- ed, wriggling, from the icy brine, till they are processed in the can ready for your customer’s table, they are subject to conditions and to methods that are nothing short of ideal. ———- = a "11s 77" (oSSE-MILLEnp — = bi PULCHARD! SS 96 \-lb, Plats per case. 48 1-lb, Talls per case. Gosse Millerd and Quality are Synonymous. TOMATO SALI « Ss \ By | een Se ROT PACKED 96 \2-Ih, Plats per case. PACKED 96 |2-lb. Plats per case. fi HAs eed ve, ce HERE! PACKED 96 \o-lb, Ovals per case, 48 1-lb. Ovals per cage. GOSSE-MILLERD PACKING COMPANY, LIMITED SALMON AND HERRING CANNERS AND PACKERS Head Office, 597 Hastings St. West, - ° VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada fee eee ee ee i ee y 4+ ipa gions fon ny gee! a uO TeS a = = ae = Pz = 4 Jane, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ey a ee ee eR The Canadian Fisheries Association Organized 1915 A Non-Partisan,’ Non-Political Organization for the Development of the Fishing Industry of Canada along Modem and Progressive Lines. Membership open to all persons engaged directly or indirectly in the Fishing Industry of Canada. For all particulars address The Secretary, CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION GARDENVALE, Que. 20 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920 Mount Robson and the Robson Glacier, Mount Robson Park, British Columbia. CONVENTION SNAPSHOTS ALONG THE LINE OF THE GRAND TRUNK PACIFIC med Mount Edith Cavell, Jasper National Park, Alberta. Section of the Business Dis- trict, Prince Rupert, British Columbia. June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Acadia Engines :: :: ACADIA GAS ENGINES, LIMITED Head Office and Factory Branch Office and Warehouse :: :: Always Dependable Two and Four Cycle GASOLENE AND KEROSENE Quality Counts - BRIDGEWATER, NOVA SCOTIA - ST. JOHN’S, NEWFOUNDLAND CANADIAN | P ISHER) MAN pale. All parts are Fandisaea. aha: inte = : changeable. Orders for small parts. are filled ae with the quickest possible dispatch. ids ts toe Acadia Engines are the result of taba, of years of careful study and practical ane ey ence, contain only the very best material, _ are simple in construction, easy to. operate, _ and are dependable under all conditions. FISHERMAN ne Ba. a Front View. 6. "Make and ‘ 2 Cycle. “Spark Ae Write for Catalog oo a our com- - plete line. . - Port Side, 2 Cylinder, 10 H.P., 2 Cycle. Makeland Break Spark. | ia “Largest Magiitacturere of Marine cs in 1 Canada Head Office gad Factory eid ks BRIDGEWATER, Norn Scotia Branch Office and Warehouse - - ST. JOHN’S, Newfoundland CAN NADIAN FISHERMAN || 4 Cycle, Heavy Dag Matas Engines Bore 6}”’ Stroke 87 L 2, 3&4 Cylinders Acadia Gas Engines, L Largest Manufacturers of Marine Engines in Canada BRIDGEWATER, Nova Scotia bits June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Few Reasons why ““ACADIA’’ FOUR CYCLE ENGINES Develop the Maximum Horse Power, are Economical in Operation, have Small Upkeep in Charges and are Easy to Operate. Removable Cylinder Heads. Extra Long Bearings. Passover Pipes for water. Thrust taken by Ball Bearings. Individual Cylinders, ground accurately to size. Engine Bed extends full length under Reverse Gear. Make and Break Ignition, Batteries or Magneto. Gravity Oiling System from a multiple sight feed oiler. Cam Shaft is removed through side of Crank Case. Overhead Valves, interchangeable with ground joints in remov- able cages. Exhaust Manifold is water jacketed with extra large center opening, thus allowing free exit for exhaust. Reverse gear, Internal gear type, covered and equipped with hand hole plate for inspection or adjustment. No water passing through gaskets to head, avoiding possibility of water getting into cylinder by leaky gasket. Circulating Pump, plunger type, running at half speed, thus in- suring long life to wearing parts. Forged Steel Cams, machined accurately to size and shape, hardened and ground to insure proper timing of valves. Side plate doors secured by spring catches, easily removed, making it convenient for operator to inspect or adjust cam shaft or crank shaft. Screws and Studs made from cold rolled steel in our own auto- matic screw machine. Built by expert mechanics in a factory equipped with the most modern machinery. CANADIAN FISHERMAN. Construction A C A D I A 100° Service 6 H.P., Mounted on Skids, 6” Bore, 10” Stroke ane Adaptable for cise on Land or Sea c : This design of Engine is most famous and universally used along the Atlantic sea board and the Island of. Newfoundland for use on board schooners, sawing lumber, etc. a For smooth, steady, reliable power and for economical service, the | ‘*ACADIA”’ is without a rival. It will save time and money, and is ready to run as soon as uncrated and supplied with fuel. ACADIA STATIONARY ENGINES, LIMITED Bridgewater, Nova Scotia “a » A ANADIAN FISHERMAN » Stroke: 57” 4 ; a. built j in sizes “OF 13, 21, 34,4 43 unis 6 H. P., and | any - ard where a SENSE! Engine seay be used, from BUILT FOR’ BUSY MEN Responsive, will- ing, well-built honest engines, with the same extraordinary vim, punch and— go that has placed all of the **ACADIA”’ pro- ducts in the en- viable position which they oc- cupy. ie -“ACADIA” General U tility. Combined Engine and Hoist. 2} and 3} ILP. CANADIAN FISHERMAN ~ June, iG 10 REASONS ——— Why ACADIA Products ead q They are the Healt of twelve years of careful ily and es practical experience. They have an enviable and widespread reputation. They have a liberal guarantee and are - supported by = a ; strong company. They have a design conspicuous for simplicity and | ia sturdiness. They have putsteeting features of accessibility and beauty. : ee They are built from dimensions that 1 insure an. excess s of | i their rated horse power. The materials used in construction are the best! obtainebie They are durable and will give many years of satisfac- ae tory service. The large production and modern machinery permits | their sale at a moderate price. They are sold by the best of dealers who give prompt i service. MANUF ACTURERS of ACADIA PRODUCTS Bridgewater, Nova Scotia June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 29 _| Buy Beaver brand SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, FROZEN HADDOCK BLOATERS, and POLLOCK KIPPERS and FILETS SALTED COD, HAKE pales weld POLLOCK and CUSK OSS a he A De ae “Carload Lots a Specialty” gh = . = a E te ‘ | | a . Plant at Liverpool, N.S. * | All our goods are prime stock, as everything we buy is practically alive when £ _ removed from the fishing boats and taken into our plant. J ) ; ) As we smoke only the finest grade of Haddock, the finished product should be of particular interest to discriminating buyers. Fish taken right out of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thoroughly modern smoke- house. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 lbs. North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. Plant: LIVERPOOL, NOVA SCOTIA | E. J. MURPHY, Managing Director New York Office: Boston Representative: ARCH 11, BROOKLYN BRIDGE FRANK, J. LEACH, Telephone Beekman 1873 Boston Fish Pier, Boston, Mass. | | CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold ~ Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. - 4 ; , a | Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A +5 x a 4 June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, : MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘'VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG ”’ ““NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish 31 32 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. aR Bde as % WALLACE’S (iL. pial SS eepacteae a i ae f ee The fish are suih- SS HET eT oe eee ld - R sap bepalen cold Caught & Packed by (eit ie A) WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED VANCOUVER, CANADA. eae ene Know Your Product. The purchasing of canned herring should be done with the utmost care. When you are placing before the consumer a product that you know is going to please, you are sure of repeat orders, and they will invariably specify the brand. Buy Wallace’s Fresh Herring ee Withee ee TA RD ee ON THE LABEL. You are then sure of getting the best in canned herring. [his company’s plants are adjacent to the waters in which schools of herring:in teeming thou- sands abound. Caught and delivered at their can- neries when in the prime of condition, and processed by the most sanitary and modern machinery, the fin- ished product is unequalled in quality and flavor. IT PAYS TO KNOW YOUR PRODUCT. WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED, VANCOUVER BLOCK, « VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada, Lie hee 1 oo die * eek th ies tee. bh: June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 33 Codes : Cable Address: Armsby ‘* Brokers.”’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners o—“=¢ M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. =, * Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” "SOCKEYE™ “SUNDIAL” “QHOES: “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS” 34 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. Western Packers LIMITED Canned Salmon, Frozen Salmon, Frozen Halibut. | 4 We Specialize in mixed carload shipments : of only choice, Northern British Columbia, . 4 Frozen Fish of All Grades. 4 3 WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRIES. BUTEDALE CANNERY, MARGARET BAY CANNERY, Butedale, B.C. Smith’s Inlet, B.C. SHUSHARTIE CANNERY, Shushartie Bay, B.C. Cold Storage at Butedale with capacity of approximately 2,500,000 Lbs. 1414 Standard Bank Bldg., : - VANCOUVER, B.C. Tune, 1920 ‘ANADIAN FISHE | R.V. WINCH & Co. LIMITED EXPORTERS and DISTRIBUTORS CANNED Sockeye, Steelhead, Spring, Pink, Cohoe, — Chum. SALMON Selling Agents — FOR - Northern B. C. Fisheries, LIMITED HEAD OFFICE Winch Building, CABLE ADDRESS Vancouver, B.C., ** Robertus.’”’ CANADIAN Efficiency and the maintenance of the highest standard of quality ‘is the dominating factor behind the operations of The Canadian Fishing Company, Ltd., Vancouver. The Company that in Efficiency and Low Cost to Consumer can be maintained. On this basis, it has modern and completely for the handling and recognizes both Quality most Coast products. established the the Pacific and fish and plant on of fish organized equipped manufacture Every branch of the fishing industry is carried on within the confines of the Company’s Vancouver plant—a concentra- tion of shore operations which is the result of years of effort and experiment by the management and which is designed FISHERMAN 7a, Nae June, 1920. 1 i ae NADIAN VANCOUVER to ensure products of the highest quality and the use of ever economy in production. Y In addition to concentrating every mechanical means possibl} for the economical production of high grade sea foods, th® Company has brought together a staff which is one hundre} per cent efficient in their particular business. Bach has ha | many years experience in the fishing industry and all hay) been selected for their offices through the expert knowledgs@ which they The human factor in labor is eliminated wherever possibly and electrically driven machinery, much of it specially design) ed for their purposes, is used everywhere throughout the plan/) The latest methods for the handling, packing, freezing, curin! f fe possess. June, 1920. FISHING CO., CANADA Samoking and canning of fish are installed just as soon as they rs are proved to be the best. ' SOME FACTS AND FIGURES © The Company’s fleet of fishing craft includes six steamers, S three schooners, seven seining vessels as well as numerous » tugs and launches. J The Company has buying stations and collecting boats cov- ) @ring practically all fishing centres along the British Columbia | Coast. » The Company's ice making plant manufactures fifty tons of iee per day and there is storage with a capacity of two thous- and tons. CANADIAN a A ee se | LT + AY + A FISHERMAN SNAY,' comes} ‘ i" Se: we las The capacity of the Company’s Fish Cold Storage plant is seven million pounds. The Company's curing plant is capable of turning out 25,000 pounds daily. The Company's cannery consists of three lines of canning machinery with a daily output of two thousand cases. Double trackage facilities running into the plant will ac- comodate twenty-five refrigerator and freight cars. The Company’s facilities for handling fresh fish enable them to discharge fresh fish cargoes rapidly and load and despatch many carloads of this perishable product in one day. 38 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. Established 1874 D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 lb. Blocks, 20 lb. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, communicate with us It will always pay and interest you Ph si June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 39 The New “Tron Chink” % ae \ —Xwe ; \ODELDIIRON CHing. ~ ai Ig, 0 a = : _ A COMBINED BUTCHERING, CLEANING AND SLIMING MaA- CHINE. THE ONLY MACHINE OF ITS KIND ON THE MARKET. For the past seventeen years we have been manufacturing Butchering and Cleaning Machines for use in the salmon industry. These machines have proven themselves great labor and fish savers and a packing plant is not considered complete without one. The above illustration shows our latest improved model—one that is far superior to any we have heretofore manufactured. Full information, prices, terms, etc., furnished on application. Smith Cannery Machines Company PATENTEES AND MANUFACTURERS | 2413-2423 FIRST AVENUE SOUTH, . SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 40 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. MARINE MOTORS FOUR P R Bult uploa Standard-not down toa price HIS GRAY-PRIOR MODEL D-4 em- Experience Built It bodies all that is best inanodern marine engine construction. If you contem- ° ; plate powering a cruiser, or commercial boat E 4 h fe don’t buy your engine until you have sent for xperience ooses detailed description which will enable you to form a very clear conception of the many de- sirable and distinctive features of this Model D-4. Built in one size only, rated at 36 H.P. THE GRAY & PRIOR MACHINE COMPANY 58 Suffield Street HARTFORD, CONN. iiss -. 1S A MOTOR BOAT IN THE BAY OF FUNDY THE Bay of Fundy is a treacherous piece of water, subject to sudden gales and squalls. In such seas as prevail, a fiskerman is forced 'to rely upon the stability of his equipment. McAvity motor boat accessories sprovide absolute insurance ly WVETWUTEVEVERTOTTOMTTELNTT: against accident: their reliability NY is as permanent as the Rock of Gibralter. T. McAvity & Sons ST. JOHN, N.B. Montreal, Winnises, Vancouver TORONTO: Harvard Turnbull &Co. crn | ee, ) uot Ts an a eT ee a =— Se an eee ae) June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 41 _ FISHERIES BRANCH To All Commercially Interested In The Fishing Industry Are you earnestly doing your very best for the development of the fisheries? Are you a believer in big profits, at any cost, to the industry ? Or, have you always in mind that it is a national property, of which you are merely a custodian? Relatively, the public is in the position of a minor who does not realize the value of a property be- queathed to him. Are you as conscientious and scrupulous in the people’s interests as you would be as the executor of a private estate? If not, why not? =a = 22 2626 FISHERIES BRANCH, Department of the Naval Service, OTTAWA. An : a a 42 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920, — Fifty Years Supplying The Canadian Fishermen With the experience and knowledge gained from these long years of service we are able to take care of your require- ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of:— Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, Lamps of all types, Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. The House of Quality and Service ARIEN SS BASES ROS SSS Cie CANADIAN FISHERMAN I) iclele “et i) H bay om : CANNED _SE- SMOKED —FISH—AI cannep SALMON Th PitcHaros § HERRING ; LOBSTER THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry. SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. .. .. «.. .. «. «. +. $1.00 Tpnsted MenSed GM WISSWMOTS 6.5 5h foie | reine So cee wie! sie wie S she Sie gl ee payable in advance Published on the 24th of each month, Changes of advertisements should be in the publisher's hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION \\\ WY 2 te Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. i fi. : oy Fi ee Nie c. f ¢ H i ba 7 % ss A . 7 o =< < BE 8805 > ae v yo Za = Ems * os = ,3 pers = 2S MONTREAL OFFICE: —— TORONTO OFFICE: ie A. S. Christie, Eastern Mgr. H. W. Thompson, Western , ee 205 Drummond Building Manager ¥ Telephone, Uptown 7773. VANCOUVER OFFICE: Cc. P. RB. Bidg., cor. King ae F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative Ta and Yonge Sts. her 528 Winch Bldg. ‘elephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS . - - Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. “ Werien reefieeets Hi pageettt c 44 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. FAIRBAL KS Yi) // jan ~ Hie vices A National Institution 7 ie of Mechanical Service PULP AND PAPEA & . eel ip I: Canada, as in every country in the world, there MACHINE TOOLS ait are names which, through years of service, have warranted national confidence and good-will. In the Canadian world of mechanical and engineering efficiency there is one name which enjoys the distinc- tion of leadership. Its prestige carries through the en- tire coast-to-coast chain of sales offices and warehouses into every city, town, and hamlet. Fairbanks-Morse products mark the farmer, the manufacturer, the artisan, and all users as careful and practical buyers of mechanical goods. The Fairbanks- Morse 100% quality seal is the buying guide for the ‘consumer—the guarantee of satisfaction. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse general catalogue is a reference of what is standard in design and practice in mechanical goods. This book lists the largest variety of scales, valves, steam goods, oil engines, pumps, electrical machinery, machine tools, wood- working machinery, transmission appliances, r .way ea contractor’s and machine shop supplies ever published : i) " ay in Canada in one book. Your copy will besent onrequest. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., Limited Halifax, St, John, Quetec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Windsor, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria. 1 Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanieal Goods i fohn CANADIAN FISHERMAN 47 The Canadian Fisheries Association Convention ° A Wonderful Event with a Record Attendance — Business and Pleasure Excellently Combined—a New Mile- stone in Canadian Fishery Progress ant a smallest details, the Canadian Fisheries Association _ Fourth General Convention was held in Vancouver on June 3rd, 4th and 5th, and materialized into a wonderful success. The outcome of the event justified ed themselves as being satisfied, while the delegates and guests vowed it was the best ever, and went back business with new ideals and a better conception of Association and the spirit which animates the or- _ ganization. > To no center can all the credit be given. It was _ a Pacifie Coast affair—British Columbia, to be exact. ' Vaneouver, Prince Rupert, Victoria, Nanaimo, New inster, all had a share in it, and they might well be proud of the manner in which they accom- pli things. The whole fishing industry on the _ Coast got behind the Committee in charge and assist- ed the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association financially and otherwise. ‘‘We’ll give _ them a Convention to talk about!’’ was their slogan, _ and they most certainly did. a When they do things on the West Coast, they do it _ with their whole heart. There is no such a thing as half-way measures with the British Columbians. When _ they invited the members of the C.F.A. to convene _ in Vancouver, they set out to make it a Canadian Fish- _ ery Congress to be talked about even should other tonyentions intervene. ‘‘We’ll make it the best yet, 7 and a record to live up to,” they said. And they did. The eastern members have already started to worry - out plans to pull off the next convention on a com- - mensurate scale. A Convention Committee was appointed under the thairmanship of Vice-President A. L. Hager of Van; miver. The first thing he did was to appoint a hand- crowd of ‘‘live ones’’ to head various sub- ittees. Each committee had a certain task to orm and it had to be performed ‘‘100 per cent icient.’’’ The Finance Committee were let loose on | the owners of bank accounts on the B.C. coast and ver one of those gold hunters came home to report but what he had the goods in the shape of somebody’s eck. And they didn’t have to pry it loose or cajole money was given freely and no accounting was asked for. ‘‘It’ll be blown in on joy and jazz,’’ the donators were told, and they smiled and said: ‘*Go to it, and if you need more, drop in again!”’ With ample funds, the work of planning the vari- ous business meetings and entertainment was com- menced. National Secretary F. W. Wallace went to the Coast last February and sat in with the Com- mittees on arrangements and a programme was drawn out. With the exception of but one or two details, this programme was carried out exactly as planned. A week prior to the Convention, Secretary Wallace ar- rived in Vancouver and the local committees tabled their work and the plans were ratified. Secretary F. E. Payson of the Vancouver Branch was busy on Pub- licity two weeks prior to the Convention date, and he managed to secure a newspaper staff which gave the Association and the Convention more space in the press than any similar organization ever secured be- fore. Everything was done on original lines; and no ex- pense was spared. The visitor to Vancouver during the Convention week could not fail to realize that the Fisheries Association was in town. Posters hung in all the prominent places in the Hotal Vancouver de- noting the way to the Registration Desk, the Conven- tion Hall, and the Association Headquarters. Ban- ners stretched across Granville Street stated that the Canadian Fisheries Association were holding their Fourth General Convention and that ‘‘ Vancouver ex- tended the Glad Hand’’; automobiles transported delegates and guests and their wind-shields and tops carried pennants extolling the virtues of fish in cun- ningly worded phrases—‘‘Fish Is Sure Healthy,’’ and so on, and delegates and guests, ladies as well, wore néat silver Association medallions and badge ribbons. The newspapers carried four column group photo- graphs of the delegates; photographs of the prominent officers and cartoons of the speakers, while the space they devoted to the proceedings was amazing. Mr. Payson and his cohorts deserve special commendation for the Publicity. Starting on Tuesday, June Ist, the Reception Com- mittee met the incoming trains and boats and guests and delegates were taken to their hotel and handed the keys of their rooms. All the Association mem- bers in Vancouver closed up their desks for a week 2 48 CANADIAN and devoted themselves to the Convention. The en- thusiasm of these men and their loyalty to the cause resulted in the lengthy and varied programme being run off with clockwork-regularity and as smooth as silk. ‘Chairman Hager’s instructions to his committeemen were: ‘‘Do not allow any drag in the proceedings. Keep our guests busy all the time. See that every- body has a good time. If you see anyone kicking around with nothing to do or no place to go, it is up to you to entertain him., Drive him around or take him to dinner.’’ This exhortation was carried out to the letter. Nobody spent an idle moment. Even sleep was tabooed. »Special mention can be made of no single person ou the Vancouver Committees. They all worked hard and acted like princes. The Convention opened at 10 a.m. on the morning of Thursday, June 3rd, at the Hotel Vancouver. At lunch, the delegates and guests were entertained by the Vancouver Branch of the C.F.A. at the Hotel Barron. The ladies were present at this lunch and the affair was enlivened by informal dancing between courses. When the men resumed sessions again in the after- noon, the ladies went off on automobile tours and at 4 p.m. attended a reception in the Blue Room of the Hotel Vancouver. In the evening, Vancouver mem- bers took delegates and visitors out to dinner in pri- vate parties, and at 8.15 all hands, ladies and gentle- men, went to the Orpheum Theatre, where the front rows of the orchestra seats were reserved for the ‘‘fish people.’’ Some amusement was caused at the theatre when one of the vaudevillians pulled off some jokes at the expense of the fishery ‘‘prominents.’’ Alf. Brittain, Al. Hager, Jimmy Eckman, Harry Short and Charley Julian were the subject of some clever stage repartee and all of them are still busy trying to find out who tipped the joke-smith off to their idiosyncrasies. The conelusion of the theatre party would have suf- ficed to ‘‘call it a day,’’ but not a Vancouver day. After shepherding the ladies home, the men-folks hied to the Navy League Auditorium where a smoking con- cert and athletic tournament was staged. Vaudeville singers and card manipulators from the Orpheum Theatre did their. stunts and the athletic end of the programme featured Japanese sword-fighters and jiu- jitsu wrestlers, and boxing matches from paper-weights to sluggers who topped the beam at over two hundred. It was two in the morning, or maybe it was three in the morning, or as Harry Lauder would say, ‘‘He didna know what time it was’’ when the party broke up, but it was pretty early or late, anyway. The slim attendance at the Convention room at ten next morning caused the Chairman to remark that “The Vancouver people were unable to stand the pace,’ but they soon filed in. At noon on Friday, the delegates, guests and their ladies inspected the plant and cannery of the Canadian Fishing Company, and were the guests of Mr. Haver to lunch there. In the afternoon, everybody went for a sail to Indian River. On Friday evenine, the men held a business session while the ladies were entertained by Mrs. A, ‘luncheon by the National Executive in sa te ae a Vancouver ie + of the C. co Wi couver, and finished up the business s¢ passing of resolutions and the el during the afternoon. The ladies evidently had a delightful Canyon and a wonderful luncheon, and afternoon they were entertained to aft the home of Mrs. Shull, Shaughnessy dinner, they repaired to the Hotel Bai a Banquet, while the men were engaged formal Convention Banquet at the Hote A pleasant re- union was effected at ten the Saturday evening, when the ladies joined + tlemen at the Hotel Vancouver and wound up derful three days’ programme with a rena The relation of these events in cold type the reader an adequate idea of the many private entertainments nor the overflowing joy and hospitality which seemed to be everywhe bers of the Association from other places fel true pater of the Association of interests and went home feeling glad that they made f and proud to belong to an organization which so much to bring the Industry together. the United States—and there were many quently in admiration, ‘‘You fellows got us skinned a mile. You’ ve got an that is doing things worth while, and i envy you. How do you do it? We don able to get our fish men ‘east and west you men have.’’ The supposedly cold, men of science and the unimpressionable G officials (that’s the popular idea of seni not really) found in the Canadian ciation an organization which was out to and not to criticise, and the many delib of the things that were their life-work. best compliments of all was paid by the 1 of the Hotel Vancouver—that vast and e telry which is the pride of the West Coast: said: ‘‘The Canadian Fisheries Associ come at the Hotel Vancouver any time. to us are usually strenuous and unpleas They mean noise, complaints from other gu ing, dirty rooms, broken furniture and so on. your Convention, not a single complaint made, and not a charge has been regis any of your members. The whole affair conducted quietiy, orderly and in the mo manly manner. You are welcome to come time.’ The time is not far distant when we wil visit the Pacific Coast again, and be it three | years from now, those who attended the Fou vention will look forward to re-visiting British bia with feelings of anticipatory pleasure, — is forecasted for the next convention, and will have something to do to attain the mark the Pacifie city, but Montreal has learned how it. Vancouver has shown how it caey be seh CONVENTION Thursday, June 3rd, 1920. 10.30 a.m. Opening of Sessions at the Convention Room, Vancouver Hotel. - Convention called to order by President Brittain. Welcome to delegates and guests by Hon. William Sloan, Commissioner of Fisheries, British Columbia Government. Welcome to Delegates and Guests by _ His Worship Mayor Gale, of Vancouver. Welcome to _ Delegates and Guests by Chairman F. E. Burke, on be- half of the Vancouver Branch, Canadian Fisheries _ Association. 11.00 a.m. Business Session (for Members Only). President A. H. Brittain in the chair. Report of the -Association’s Work since August, 1918, by President Hi. Brittain. Report of C. F. A. Publicity Commit- tee. J. A. Paulhus, Chairman. Report of ©. F. A. Transportation Committee. W. R. Spooner, Chairman. Appointment of Nominations and Resolutions Commit- tees. 12.45 p.m. Recess ; 1.00 p.m. Luncheon at Hotel Barron. Given by 2 ‘ancouver Branch C. F. A. To Delegates, Guests and their ladies. 230 p.m. Open Session, Convention Room, Hotel Vancouver. **An International Council for Fishery Research in ‘North America.’’ —Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Biological Board of Canada, Toronto. ‘‘History of Pacific Coast Salmon Industry.’”—Henry Doyle, Vice-President, Northern B. C. Fisheries, Ltd. ‘‘The Work and Aims of the Publicity Division of the Federal Fisheries _ Department.’’—J. H. Conlon, Officer in Charge. ‘‘The _ Necessity for Standardization and Inspection of our _ Fish and Fish Products.’-—H. B- Short, Manager Maritime Fish Corporation, Digby, N. 8S. Discussion will follow the reading of each paper. 5.45 p.m. Recess. 6,00 p.m. Informal Private Dinner Parties at Hotels and Restaurants. : : $15 p.m. Orpheum Theatre Party. Given by Van- eouver Branch C.F.A. to Delegates, Gnesis and thew - Ladies.. Ria 11,.00p.m. Stag Smoker at Navy League Auditorium To gentlemen attending the Convention. a Friday, Jun: 4th, 1920 ~ 10,00 am. Open Session, Convention Room, Hotel _Vaneouver. “International Treaties or State Agreements.’’—L. Cie nal Agency, Ltd., Vancouver. t - Marine Insurance!’’—B. DuBois ‘Phillips, Manager, Dale & Co., of B. ©., Vancouver. *‘The Workman’s _ Compensation Law and Its Applieation to the Fishing é and Canning Industry.’’—Frank W. Hinsdale, Seere- CANADIAN SSS SQ ppg SE FISHERMAN 49 WWW ILA ESS i! WY ys . WY VS AA A © “ ie 4 a PROGRAMME tary Workmen’s Compensation Board of B. C. cussion will follow the reading of each paper. 11.45 a.m. Recess. Dis- 12.00 noon. Inspection of the ‘‘Home Cannery”’ of the Canadian Fishing Company, Ltd. ; Cannery will be in full operation especially for the Visitors. 1,00 p.m. Complementary Luncheon on premises of Can. Fishing Co., Ltd. to Delegates, Guests and their Ladies. 2.30 p.m. Cruise on the New Vanconver-Built Steamship ‘‘Capilano’’ to Indian River and Return. For this courtesy the Association is indebted to the Union Steamship Company of B. C. 7.00 p.m. Informal Private Dinner Parties at Hotels and Restaurants. 8.00 p.m. Open Session, Convention Room, Hotel Vancouver. “The Value of the Fisheries College.’’—Professor John N. Cobb, Director College of Fisheries, Wash- ington University, Seattle. ‘‘Fish Culture with Special Reference to the Feeding and Holding of Sockeyes.’’— R. E. Clanton, Master Fish Warden, State of Oregon, U.S. A. ‘‘Enemies of North Pacifie Fish.’’—Dr. C. McLean Fraser, Professor of Biology, Vancouver: ‘The Fraser River Salmon Situation—Canada’s posi- tion—John P. Babeock, Assistant Commissioner ot Fisheries, B. C. Government, Victoria. ‘‘Floating Equipment and Its Relation to Industry.’’—Walter Lambert. MI.N.A.. Hon. Naval Architect, C. F. A Discussion will follow the reading of each ‘paper. Motion Pictures of the Canadian Fishing Industry will be shown during the evening throug hthe courtesy of Dr. A. R. Baker, Chairman Game Conservation Board of B. C. Saturday, June 5th, 1920 10.00 a.m. Open Session, Convention Room, Hotel Vancouver. ‘*Standardization of North American Fish Names.”’ —Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Biological Board of Canada, Geese and the Golden Eggs’’ by Henry Doyle, Vice- President, Northern British Columbia Fisheries, Ltd., Vancouver. ‘Fish Culture.’’—Col. F. J. Cunningham, Chief Inspector of Fisheries, Pacifie Division. Dis. cussion will follow the reading of each paper 12.45 p.m. Recess. 1.00 p.m. Luncheon by C.F.A. Executive to Members of the Canadian Fisheries Association, Gril] Room Hotel, Vancouver. 2.30 p.m. Business Session (for Members Only). Report of Fin- Report of Where Report of Resolutions Committee. ance Committee. Discussion and Adoption. Nominations Committee. Election of Officers. shall we hold our next Convention? 6.00 p.m. Adjourn. 7.00 p.m. Convention Banquet, Hotel Vancouver. 50 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Officers of the Canadian Fisheries Association Elected at the Vancouver Meeting PRESIDENT. Alvah L. Hager, Canadian Fishing Company, Ltd. aa Vancouver. FIRST VICE PRESIDENT. J. A. Paulhus, D. Hatton Company, Montreal. SECOND VICE PRESIDENT. Sect Arthur Boutilier, National Fish Co., Ltd., Halifax. = Zz ‘Bae a oa THIRD VICE PRESIDENT. ae sec - Frank E. Burke, Wallace Fisheries, Ltd., Vancouver. SECRETARY-TREASURER. ” Frederick W. Wallace, Gardenvale, Que. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE COUNCIL. Past Presidents: D. J. Byrne, Montreal. S. Y. Wilson, Halifax. A. H. Brittain, Montreal. Tiova Scotia. IL. B. Short, Maritime Fish Corporation, Ltd., Digby. A. Handfield Whitman, Robin, Jones and Whitman, L:mited, Halifax. H. R. Silver, H. R. New Brunswick. F. P. Loggie, A. & R. Loggie, Ltd., Loggieville. Lewis Connors, Connors Bros., Ltd., Black’s Harbor. W. F. Leonard, Leonard Fisheries, Ltd., St. John. Prince Edward Island. Hon, J. McLean, Mathews and McLean, Souris, P.E.I. J. J. Harpell Gardenvale, Que. Quebec. H. G. Connor, Maritime Fish Corporation, Ltd., Men- treal. W. R. Spooner, Montreal. J. T. O'Connor, Montreal. Silver, Limited, Halifax. Ontario. I. T. James, F. T. James Co., Ltd., Toronto. Roy Langskill, White and Co., Ltd., Toronto. J. N. MeIntosh, Ottawa. Manitoba. Wm. Douglas, Guest Fish Co., Ltd., Winnipeg. J. KE. Simpson, Northern Fish Co., Lid, Selkirk. Alberta and Saskatchewan. C. P. Rhodes, P. Burns and Co., Ltd., Calgary. A. 8. Duclos, Edmonton Cold Storage, Ltd., Edmon sl ton. Cie British Columbia and Yukon. oe T. H. Johnson, Canadian Fish and Cold Stora Co. Ltd., Prince Rupert. R. C. Gosse, Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., -Ltd., Van- couver. J. 8. Eekman, Canadian Fishing oar couver. Henry Doyle, Northern B. ©. Canning Co., Vancouver. Ltd. Vane Ltd, 6% H. B. Bell-Irving, H. Bell-Irving and Co.,, Ltd., Van- couver. COMMITTEES. Transportation. W. R. Spooner, Chairman. Membership. J. Dr. A. G. onto, Toronto. Scientific, Organization and Publicity. S. Eekman, Chairman. Huntsman, J. J. Harpell, Chairman. University of Tor- C. MeLean Fraser, Uni- versity of British Columbia, Vancouver. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 51 HY Wi Yt Wy Y VY, Yi j THE RESOLUTIONS CONVENTION Passed by the No. 1. Standardization and Inspection of Fish Products. WHEREAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FISH- ERY RESOURCES OF CANADA is largely dependent upon the enchancement of the demand for Canadian fish products in foreign markets, AND WHEREAS any movement calculated to ex- pand the export trade of the country, particularly in finished products, is highly desirable because of its stabilizing effect on the exchange situation, AND WHEREAS the fish products from this coun- try entering foreign markets have to compete with goods disposed of under established standards acquired through years of actual experience and usage, BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that this Associ- -ation in Convention assembled respectfully request that the Dominion Government enact the necessary leg- = islation to provide Government standardization and in- ____ speetion of fish products including eanned fish of all . kinds for such producers and distributors as wish to avail themselves of same. No. 2. Improvement in Refrigerator Car Facilities Desired. WHEREAS THE MATTER OF PROVIDING ADE- QUATE REFRIGERATOR CAR FACILITIES is of the greatest importance to the Fishing Industry, particu- larly at all points of production furthest removed from the markets, AND WHEREAS a shortage of such facilities has for some time seriously interfered with the proper oy marketing of Canadian fish, especially at the Port of a Prince Rupert, a BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the Canadian Fisheries Association in Convention assembled requests its Executive to communicate at once with the Hon. Minister of Railways setting forth these facts and respectfully urging that he take immediate steps to provide additional refrigerator car space sufficient to take care of the needs of the Port of Prince Rupert and other shipping points. No. 3. Changes In Regulations. WHEREAS THERE HAVE BEEN INSTANCES OF HASTY AND ILL-ADVISED CHANGES in_ regula- tions and administration of the Fishing Industry of Canada, which changes have caused much concern and interruption to the fishing industries interested, AND WHEREAS such changes tend to create busi- hess uncertainty and adversely affect the financing of new fishery enterprises. BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the Canadian Fisheries Association in Convention assembled respect: fully request the Federal Government and Provincial Government Departments administering the fisheries, that before any regulations or changes in administra- tion be effected the Secretary of the Canadian Fisher ies Association be notified of such in good time in or-. der that the interests affected may be advised. No. 4. International Scientific Council For Fishery Research. THE CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION learns with pleasure of the action which has been take! by the Government of Canada, in accordance with the resolution passed by this Association at its Conven- tion held at Halifax in 1918, in taking steps to arrange for a conference of scientific fishery experts from the United States, the Dominion of Canada and Newfound- land with a view to the formation of an International Fisheries Council for investigation of the waters com- mon to these countries. THE ASSOCIATION firmly believes that in order to secure the benefits of such work Canada must fully play her part in the general plans that may be for- mulated by such a council. THE ASSOCIATION therefore desires to press upon the Government of Canada the importance of seeing that no time be lost in preparing for and beginning such work by definitely and steadily increasing the sums of money appropriated for the use of the Biol- ogical Board of Canada in developing and extending its investigations in relation to the fisheries, and also by providing, from time to time, appropriate sums of money for such special investigations, expeditions or equipment as may be found necessary for this work. No. 5. Pan-Pacific Scientific Congress and Represent- ation at Scientific Gatherings. WHEREAS THE CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOC- LATION realizes the immense value to Canada of a co- operation by the nations surrounding the Pacifie Ocean in a uniform scheme for the investigation of that ocean, and learns that a Pan-Pacifie Scientific Congress is to meet in Honolulu in August of this year, THE ASSOCIATION requests its Executive Council to devise ways and means for sending a scientific re- presentative to the Congress, AND WHEREAS THE ASSOCIATION is cognizant of the importance of its being represented at such scientific meetings and congresses as may be held in connection with fishery research and investigation, 52 CANADIAN IT HEREBY AUTHORIZES its Executive Council to take such action as it deemed best, from time to time, in sending a scientific delegate or delegates to such meetings or congresses of that character as may be held. No. 6. Preserve Pacific Halibut Fishery. BE IT RESOLVED THAT in view of the very great importance of conserving the halibut of the coast of British Columbia and of improving the condition of the halibut fishery, THE CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION re- spectfully recommends to the Government of Canada that an adequate sum of money be appropriated for the use of the Biological Board of Canada in carrying out at the earliest possible date a thorough scientific in- vestigation of the deep-sea fishing grounds of the Pa- cifie Coast with the object of discovering the life his- tory of the halibut and of opening up new fisheries. No. 7. Fishery Schools. WHEREAS the various operations that have to do with the harvesting and preservation of the fishery resourees of this country, as well as the preparation, packing and distribution of fish products require an ever increasing knowledge on the part of those engaged in the fishing industry. AND WHEREAS the ever increasing complexity of our social system requires a corresponding increase in the training of our young people for citizenship, AND WHEREAS the Fishing Industry has been en- tirely neglected in the matter of secondary education, BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the Canadian Fisheries Association in Convention assembled endorse the movement to establish fishery schools to be under the control of a Board composed of members appointed conjointly by the Government, the employers in the Industry, and the employees in the Industry, AND THAT the Convention further endorse the pro posal to the effect that such schools be financed partly by the Government and partly by the Industry. ~ No. 8. Halibut Treaty Amendments. RESOLVED that the Executive of the Canadian Fisheries Association be empowered and entrusted to suggest an amendment to the proposed treaty between Canada and the United States establishing a closed sea- son for halibut fishing by the vessels of the contract- ing powers in the Pacifie Ocean and Coastal waters. No. 9. Standardized Trade Names For North American Fish, BE IT RESOLVED THAT the Canadian Fisheries Association adopts the appended list of suggested trade names for North American fish which have been ap- proved by the Biological Board of Canada and the United States Bureau of Fisheries, and, therefore eon- siders that these names are the only proper ones by which to designate the species indicated; and further- more that it approves of the selection of the names SOCKEYE, COHOE, PINK and CHUM as the proper ones by which to designate the four species of Pacific salmon that go more or less ordinarily by these names, and that the decision as to the adoption of the name KING as versus the name SPRING for the species that has gone by both these names be left in the hands of the committee of the Canadian Fisheries Association and the Biological Board of Canada, FISHERMAN PRESENT BLUE BOOK NAME 15, 16 . Albacore Alewife Angler uga Black Bass . Black Cod . Blackfish . Blue Perch -Burbot . Capelin . Carp . Catfish . Clam . Clam . Clam 16A. Cockle Cod . Crab . Cusk . Dollar Fish . Dulse . Eel . Flounder . Flounder . Flounder . Fur Seal . Goldeye . Grayfish . Greyling . Haddock . Hair Seal . Hake . Halibut . Herring 5. Herring . Launce . Lobster . Lumpfish . Mackerel . Maskinonge SCIENTIFIC NAME Thunnus thynnus Pomolobus pseudoharengus andAlewife Pomolobus aestivalis Lophius piscatorius Roccus Lineatus Delphinapterus leucas Micropterus dolomieu and Micropterus Salmoides Anoplopoma fimbria Globicephala melas Tautogolabrus adspersus Lota maculosa Mallotus villosus arenaria : Saxidomus giganteu: Paphia staminea__- Lunatia heros Gadus morrhua Cancer magister Brosmius brosme Poronotus triacanthus Rhodymenia palmata Anguilla chyrsypa and Leptocephalus conger Pseudopleuronectes americanus Flounder Limanda ferruginea Glyptocephalus cynoglossus Callorhinus ursinus ; Hiodon Alosoides Squalus acanthias and * Squalus sucklii Coregonus williamsoni Melanogrammus aeglifinus Phoca groenlandica, Phoca foetida, Phoca vitulina, and Cystophora cristata Urophycis chuss and Urophycis tenuis Hippoglossus hippoglossus Clupea harengus and Clupea pallasii Leucichthys (Thrissomimus) ; _ Spec. var. Leuchicthys eriensis, and Leucichthys (Cisco) spec. Molt Ammodytes americanus ~ Homarus americanus Cyclopterus lumpus Scomber colias, Scomber scombrus, and Scomber japonicus Lucius masquinongy Mytilus edulis Zoarces anguillaris Octopus psec. Thaleichthys pacificus Ostrea virginiana and Ostrea lurida Perca flavescens Stizostedion vitreum Stizostedion canadense Lucius reticulatus, ahd Lucius lucius Glupanodon ceruleus Pollachius virens Phocena phocena Venus mercenaria Sebastodes melanops, Sebastodes ruberrimus, Sebastodes spec., Sebastichthys sp., and Sebastolobus sp. Gadus ogac Fucus vesiculosus, and Ascophyllum nodosum Sebates marinus Salmo salar Pecten magellamicus, and Pecten irradians Alosa sapidissima Burhot Grayfish ‘ June, 1920. _ SUGGESTED TRADE NAME Tuna x ped Ba tri SS Bel Black Bass Sablefish bot. Flounder or Dab — Flounder or Witch Fur es Goldeye Mountain White-_ fish bag aes. Haddock Hair Seal Hake Halibut Herring Cisco CANADIAN Merluccius bilinearis Silver Whiting _ Raja laevis, Skates and Rays ocellata, and Osmerus corde and Smeli ; it Osmerus thaleichthys 3 Omnastrephes illicebrosa, and Squid Loligo pealii Pr sp., and Sturgeon yncus sp. Catostomus catostomus, and Sucker us FISHERMAN 53 67. Swordfish Xiphias gladius Swordfish 68, Tomcod Microgadus tomcod, and Tomcod Microgadus proximus 69. Trout Salveinus fontinalis Brook Trout 70. Trout Cristivomer namaycush Lake Trout 71. Trout Salmo irideus Rainbow Trout 72. Tullibee Leucichthys _tullibee Tullibee ; 73. Turbot Rheinhardtius hippoglossoides Greenland Halibut 74. Whitefish Coregonus sp. Whitefish . 75. Winkle. Littorina litorea Winkle Amiel, Amiel Ice Co., Vancouver, B.C. Athans, Pacific Coast Fish and Oyster Co., 3732-5th W. Vancouver. psarkiey, Vancouver. on, St. Mungo Canning Co., New Westminster, Anderson, Quathiaski Canning Co., Quathiaski Cove. , M. Desbrisay & Co., Vancouver. Brittain, Maritime Fish Corp., Ltd., Montreal. ‘Burdis, Sec. B.C. Canners Assn., Vancouver, B.C. , Amer. Can. Co., Vancouver, B.C. nsley, Union Steamship Co., Vancouver, B.C. Brand, Dodwell & Co., Ltd., Birks, Crawford & Co., Vancouver, B.C. ing, Anglo British Columbia Packing Co., Van- Beck, Vancouver. ®, Wallace Fisheries Ltd., Vancouver, B.C, Beattie, Van. Is. Fish & Cold Storage, Nanaimo, B.C. Diack, Jr., Sunny Point Packing Co., Seattle, Wash. vith ~ ve Sound raat Co., Ltd., Victoria. gham, Fisheries Dept. for B.C., Vancouver, B.C. rd, Birks Crawford Co., Vancouver, B.C. Conlon, Fisheries Dept., Ottawa, Ont. Jr., Everett Packing Co., Everett, Wash. ssidy, Columbia Cold Storage, Steveston. O'Connor, O’Connor Fish Market, Montreal. Carson, Premier Fish Co., 884 Bute St., Vancouver Campbell, Astoria & Puget Sd. Canning Co., So., Craddock, R. V. Winch & Co,, Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Soong Fish Commission, Portland, Ore. : Edmonton Cold Storage, Edmonton, Alta. ‘W. Doherty, Canada Steamship Lines, Montreal. 1 ih Royal Fish Co., Prince Rubert, B.C. L. B. Douglas, Sec. Association Pacific Fisheries, , Terminal Agencies, Vancouver, B.C. Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., Vancouver. Northern B.C. Fisheries, Ltd., Vancouver, Fraser, Biological Board of Canada, Biologicat “Nanaimo. Vancouver, B.C. A . R. V. Winch & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. r Freeman, Pacific Fisherman, Seattle, Wash. eer, S.S. Company, Vancouver, B.C. Kildala Packing Company Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Gosse, Gosse Millerd Packing Co., Ltd., Vancouver. at Eaton & Co., Winnipeg. . Harry Hall & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Vancouver, B.C. | n, University of B.C., Vancouver. ell, Canadian Fisherman, Gardenvale, Que. ‘Hunter, “Canadian Grocer,” Vancouver, B.C. Toronto, Ont. ° ‘Van. Ice & Cold Storage Co., Vancouver. , Terminal Agency Ltd., Vancouver. ns Sec. Comp. Board, Vancouver, B.C. . Can. Fishing Co,. Vancouver, B.C. B.C. Marine, Vancouver, B.C. mlin, E. H. Hamlin Co., Seattle, Wash. . Disher and Co., Ltd., Vancouver. Delegates and Guests who Attended the Convention H. Bell Irving, A.B.C. Packing Co., Vancouver, B.C. Harry L. Ives, Victoria Fishery Co., Vancouver, B.C. Frank James, F. T. James St., Toronto, Ont. W. Johncox, London Fish Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. C. Julian, Thomas-Julian Fisheries Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Victor F. Johncox, Rendezvous Fisheries Ltd., Rendezvous - Island, B.C. Edward Lipsett, Vancouver. C. F. Moe, Superior Fish Co., Seattle, Wash. F. D. Mathers, Gosse Millerd Packing Co., Vancouver, B.C. J. O. Morris, Nootka Packing Co., Vancouver, B.C. Geo. I. Myers, Seattle, Wash. f F. Mills, Can. Fish & Cold Storage Co., Vancouver, B.C. Francis Millerd, Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. C. D. Mackenzie, Vancouver, B. C. Adrian Joseph Moyls, Anderson & Miskin, Vancouver, J. A. Motherwell, Dept. of Fisheries, New Westminster. J. N. MeIntosh, Ottawa, Ont. W. Y. McCarter, Nationa] Fish Co., Victoria, B.C. A.S. McLean, Western Packers Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. G. W. Nickerson, Prince Rupert. H. G. O’Loane, O’Loane, Kiely & Co., Vancouver, B.C. J. A. Pauhus, D. Hatton Co., Montreal. B. G. de B. Phillips, Dale & Co., Vancouver, B.C. Hon. T. D. Pattullo, Victoria. W. P. Powell, Dodwell & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. F. E. Payson, Canadian Fisherman, Vancouver, B.C. R. R. Payne, Can, Fishing Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. T. H. Rand, Balfour,Guthrie & Co., Vancouver, B.C. John E. Rice, Lummi Bay Packing Co., Bellingham, Wash. J. M. Rudd, Nanaimo Canners & Packers, Nanaimo, B.C.. A. Robertson, Harrison Lake Hatchery, B.C. J. A. Rodd, Supt. Fish Culture, Ottawa, Ont. C. M. Robertson, Imp. Oil Co., Vancouver, B.C F. M. Ryder, United States Consul-General, Vancouver, B.C. Wm. Schlader, McInnes Fish Co., Ltd., Edmonton, Alta. E. Victor Smith, University of Washington, Seattle. R. G. Scott, Scott Fishing Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C . Geo. H. St. Denis, Can. Fish and Cold Storage Co., Vancouver. B.C. J. S. Strang, Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd., Vancouver, Hon W. Sloan, Commissioner of Fisheries, Victoria, B.C. A. W. Sterrett, Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Carl D. Shoemaker, State of Oregon Fish Commissioner, Portland, Ore. Wm. Steiner, L. Perrin and Co,, Vancouver, B.C. : Frank C. Smith, B.C. Printing and Litho Co., Vancouver, B.C. William G, Scott, Vancouver, BC. James F. Twohy, Sunny Point Packing Co., Seattle, Wash. G. G. Taylor, Insp. of Fisheries, Nanaimo, B.C. I. M. Vinee, Barclay Snd. Fisheries, Ltd,, Vancouver, B.C. A. H. Watkins, W. A. Ward & Co., Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. Arthur N. Whitman, A. N. Whitman, Ltd., Halifax, N.S. John EB. Watson, Watson Bros,., Pkg. & Fishing Co., Vancouver. F. J. Warren, Winnipeg, Man. W. J. Wright, Seattle, Wash. Chas. Winch, R. V. Winch & Co., Vancouver, B.C. Frank Wright, Carlisle Packing Co., Seattle, Wash. James White, Commission of Conservation, Ottawa, Ont. F. W. Wallace, Canadian Fisherman, Montreal, Que. W. A. Webb, Vancouver, B.C. Alfred Wallace, Wallace Shipyards, Vancouver, B.C. P. Wallace, Wallace Fisheries Ltd., Vancouver, B.C. John M. Whitehead, B.C. Packers Assn.,Vancouver, B.C. A number of delegates and guests did not register. In addition to the above were the wives of the delegates and guests. Ltd., 54 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. Report of the Fourth Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Held at Vancouver, B.C., Thursday, Friday and Saturday, June Third, Fourth and Fifth, Association Nineteen Twenty The Fourth Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association was held in Vancouver twenty-two months after the previous Convention held in Halifax in August 1918. A large and representative attendance gathered in the Grill Room of the Hotel Vancouver on the morning of June 3rd, and at 10 a.m. President A. H. Brittain of Montreal took the chair. With him at the Chairman’s table were National Secretary F. W. Wallace, Vice-President A. L. Hager of Vancouver, Second Vice-President J. A. Paulhus of Montreal, Chairman F. E. Burke of the Vaneouver Branch, C.F.A., Hon. William Sloan, Commissioner of Fisheries for B.C., Hon. T. D. Pattullo, Minister of Lands for B.C., and His Worship Mayor Gale of Vancouver. : PRESIDENT A. H. BRITTAIN called the meeting to order at 10 a.m. ‘‘Gentlemen! In calling the first session of our Convention to order, it is with great pleasure that I am able to announce that we have with us the Hon. Mr. Sloan, Provincial Commissioner of Fisheries, His Worship Mayor Gale of Vancouver, and the Hon. Mr. Pattullo, Minister of Lands; and I am go- ing to ask the Hon. Mr. Sloan to open the proceedings by welcoming the members and guests. (Applause.) THE HONORABLE WILLIAM SLOAN: Mr. Chair- man and Gentlemen: I am pleased indeed as Commis- sioner of Fisheries for the Province to be accorded the privilege of saying a few words this morning to the delegates of the Fourth Convention of the Can- adian Fisheries Association. My view will be expres- sive of some of the matters of importance to the fish- ing industry of British Columbia. Before doing so, I wish to offer a word of weleome to the delegates assembled here this morning. We are pleased to wel- come’ delegates from other parts of the Dominion. Those of you who have visited British Columbia before have your hearts in British Columbia. Those of you who are here for the first time will understand why we believe that this Province is destined to take a first place. We also welcome the delegates from the Republic to the south. They are here to give counsel and consideration to the vital problems affecting the depletion of our fisheries, and at the same time, con- servation of our resources. Whatever conclusions you reach you will rest assured not all will agree with those conclusions. I am satisfied, however, that whatever conclusion you reach will be for the good of the pre- sent and future generations. British Columbia Premier Fishing Province. British Columbia is the premier fishing province of this Dominion. over forty per cent. of the fishery products of this Dominion. For the last year for which we have re- ports, the fishery product of this province totalled — $21,518,575, or in other words, forty per cent. of the total fishery products of the Dominion. The Province of British Columbia is by right and by nature a great fishing province. We have seven thousand miles of coast line. We have estuaries and channels cutting into the coast line giving a further coast line of twenty thousand miles. Our interior contains many great lakes and is drained by many rivers, one of which—the Fraser—is the third largest river on the Pacific slope of America. It is an empire in itself. The Fraser River basin alone has an area of 90,903 square miles. The value of the plants, ves- sels, boats and apparatus used in the fisheries of Brit- ish Columbia in 1918 totalled $20,883,000. In 1919 ‘there were caught from our waters and marketed over twenty species of food fishes, and crabs, oysters, clams and mussels were taken in commercial abundance. British Columbia, though possessing great fisheries owes her premier rank to the wealth of her salmon fisheries. Her salmon has brought, her name to the attention of more people throughout the world than any other of her products. sixteen millions of dollars. Since canning first begun in 1876 she has produced a total of 26,800,000 eases, containing over 1,286,400 tons of one of the most nour- ishing foods known. Valued at but six dollars per case, the total value of her salmon pack exceeds $160,- 000,000 or many times her bonded indebtedness. Up> to and including 1913 the Fraser River alone produced every fourth year more sockeye salmon, the most val- ; uable of all species of salmon, than all theother waters of the world put together, During the last decade we produced In the last decade her salmon products have annually netted from ten millions to. The halibut fishery of the Pacifie began in our wat-— ers. For years and until depleted these waters pro-— duced the bulk of the halibut catch of the Pacific. — Depleted of halibut as our water now are, there was landed at our Ports in 1919 over 19,000,000 pounds gf halibut, an amount exceeding the landing at all other ports on the coast, Our catch of herring’ ané nually exceeds one million dollars, Our whale products _ in 1919 exceeded those of all other Pacifie states. Deep- ‘ee Sia Ce a ees, 3 E a f a : = E June, 1920. CANADIAN sea trawling from British Columbia ports has demon- strated that the deepsea fisheries of our ports are, in variety and extent, the equal of the fisheries of any sea. Condition of B. C. Fisheries Unsatisfactory. Possessing as we do such valuable fisheries, the Pro- vince of British Columbia is interested in the main- tenance of these fisheries. It is a life question with the Province of British Columbia. We are not alto- gether satisfied with the condition of these fisheries. On the contrary, we are greatly concerned as to the future of our halibut and salmon fisheries in the Pro- vince of British Columbia. We have witnessed with dis- may the destruction of the salmon fisheries in British Columbia—the greatest in the world. We have also witnessed the appalling depletion of the halibut in- dustry. When British Columbia entered the Confederation I do not think it was understood by those responsible for the entry of this colony into the Confederation that they were going to turn the control of their fisheries over to the Dominion Government. Under the terms of union with the Dominion, Canada assumed certain obligations, Section 5, sub-section (2) of the Terms of Union clearly set out that Canada would pay the costs incidental to our fisheries; and the peo- ple of British Columbia at that time were satisfied that Canada in assuming that obligation did not real- ize that Canada intended to take over and administer the fisheries of this Province; and naturally that pow- er vested in the Province of British Columbia. At that time it is true that the people of British Columbia did not realize the value of these fisheries. But I want to point out that the belief that the people enter- tained at that time was not well founded. It was a ‘‘Joker’’ in the Terms of Union. Section 10 clearly sets out that in the British North America Act, that the colony of British Columbia shall enter and be sub- ject to the same terms and conditions as if the colony had joined the confederation at the time of Union. If you will look at the British North America Act, Section 31, you will find set out the exclusive powers of the Dominion of Canada; and sub-section (12) states that it shall be the sea coast and inland fisheries. That question of jurisdiction has more or less been one of conflict between the Provincial and Dominion governments for some time, and in 1912, a suit known as the ‘‘Attorney-General of British Columbia versus the Attorney-General of Canada’’ was referred to the Supreme Court of Canada, and the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada was based on what I have just quoted. The substance of that judgment was that the Dominion had exclusive control in regard to regulations, that the right to fish in the waters of British Columbia was a public right, subject to control by the Dominion Government. Extinction and Depletion Threatened. Now, sir, as the years go by we realize more and more that while we expected to get encouragement and protection of our fisheries, we realize that instead of protection and encouragement we are faced now with extinction and depletion of our fisheries. And least of all, sir, did we ever think or contemplate that the Dominion Government, in assuming the obligation for the care and encouragement of our fisheries, that they were going to tax our fishermen to meet that obligation. The decision I have referred to sets out that the Dom- inion Government has exclusive control of the fisher- ies of this province. On the other hand, there was FISHERMAN 55 no rights of property ever passed from the Province to the Dominion, and whatever rights vested in the Province at the time of Confederation are still in effect today. were We shall soon have to protect the salmon interests of British Columbia, or else there will be nothing left to protect. It is not charged that the Dominion Gov- ernment is wholly responsible for the depletion and destruction of the great salmon fisheries of British Columbia. Canada failed because she had no control of the waters over to the south, where large sockeye were caught. She failed because the United States would not enter into any treaty arrangement to pro- HON. WILLIAM SLOAN, Commissioner of Fisheries for B. C. tect the salmon runs of the Fraser River. The Treaty was signed by Great Britain on behalf of Canada, and by the President of the United States in the year 1907. That Treaty was rejected by the United States Senate. Not long ago we had another full and exhaustive investigation in to the fisheries question, what is know as the International Fisheries Convention and a treaty was signed in 1919 and presented to the United States Senate. That treaty did not far enough, and would not have had the effect of rehabil- itating us. We have not yet been permitted to see the terms of the new draft. But unless it is materially different and goes much further than the original draft, it will have no effect. Our experience in draft treat ies with the United States has been of such character as to give us not. much confidence that United States Senate will give concurrence to any treaty that will be an effective instrument in safeguarding our fish- eries. Unless there is a joint and uniform system go 56 CANADIAN of regulation with regard to the Fraser River salmon over to this province. fisheries, those fisheries never will be recovered. Dominion Government Apathetic. As to the conservation of our fisheries I claim that the attitude of the Dominion Government has been more or less apathetic and’ indifferent. I claim that the Dominion Government is responsible for the de- pletion of halibut within our shores. We also claim that they are responsible for the reduction of the salmon fisheries in the neighborhood of Vancouver Island and inland coast waters. Our halibut banks -were depleted particularly at Dixon’s Entrance by foreigners. They carried on operations there without regard for the spawning season. These waters were invaded by fishermen of the United States, because Canada had no effective control over those waters. It is not claimed that the Dominion Government had any desire to deplete our fisheries. It has been the failure to comprehend conditions as they exist in Brit- ish Columbia. The present policy pursued by the pre., sent Government will surely result in the depletion of our waters. It should be the policy of any government to prevent depletion, and to arrange: for ‘replenish- ing the supply and increasing that supply.“ But the policy encouraged at the present time is to encourage depletion. Too heavy a drain has been made on the fisheries of British Columbia. We have over-fished the waters of British Columbia, and the time has come for a complete and radical change of policy in_ this province. To further deplete the fisheries of British. Columbia will be an economic crime, It is time the Dominion Government viewed this question as we view it. Commission after commission has been appointed by the Dominion Government to look into the fisheries question of British Columbia. There have been tabled exhaustive reports in regard to these fisheries. They have pointed out the destructive conditions that pre- vail, but in the main these reports have been. tabled, and very little has been done in regard to the re- commendations contained in these reports. New Administration Policy Required. The fish of this Province belongs to the people of this province and the people of Canada. It constitutes one of our greatest national assets that will last for all time if properly conserved. It will outlast our forests and mines, Depleted runs can be improved, and it is time for a thorough and complete radical change of policy. We must cut out useless competition, over- fishing, and cut out waste and over equipment in the interest of fishing. I maintain, sir, that the time has come when the Dominion Government should step in and administer the fisheries for the benefit of the peo- ple, or failing that, to turn over the right of the adminis: tion to the people of British Columbia where it rightfully belongs. There is no inherent diffieulty in the adoption of a poliey of government operation. Existing interests have no operating rights beyond those granted from year to year. The Government is under no obligation to renew those rights. They should take over the control of the whole industry, and while it might mean compensation in some eases, I don’t know that compensation could properly be asked for in the Fraser River. If I had a cannery in the Fraser River just now, | would view it as a liability, and not as an asset, and I believe that that condition will prevail in other parts if the present conditions are allowed to go. on. The Dominion Government should turn the fisheries FISHERMAN June, 1920. There can be no doubt that — the Province is better able and more efficiently able to handle the administration of the fisheries. With Ottawa 2,800 miles away, it is like long range shooting, it is not always effective. British Columbia can ad- minister her fisheries as well as she can administer her mines forests and lands. The Dominion Govern- ment has turned over the administration of shell fish- eries to British Columbia. It has turned over the ad- ministration of harbors to a Board. The fisheries of British Columbia are more complex and harder to manage than the harbors of. British Columbia, If this Province were given control of the fisheries they would build up these depleted fisheries. They see the decline in the fisheries of British Columbia, and know the reason for it. British Columbia is not in- terested in the fishing conditions in the Hast. West is not Hast, and Hast is not West. You do not have to make thousands of miles journey to get your griey- ances righted. We are here on the job; we are ap- proachable and accessible. They are Provincial, and not Dominion questions. The fisheries should be han- dled by the government that is familiar with all the conditions. We have the most extensive coast line of any province in the Dominion, or as a matter of fact, of any state in America, and the Government that is familiar with all these conditions is the Province of British Columbia. I maintain that the authority to handle the fisheries: industry of this Province is the Province of British Columbia. Thank you, gentlemen.’’ (Applause. ) PRESIDENT BRITTAIN: ‘‘Gentlemen; I am sure. we are indebted to the Hon. Mr. Sloan for the welcome he has given us, and for the very excellent way he has brought out the’ facts-of the ease for your provincial fisheries before this convention. It is now my pleasure to call upon His Worship Mayor Gale, who will also’ extend a welcome to this delegation.”’ . Mayor Gale Welcomes Delegates and Guests. MAYOR GALE: ‘‘Mr. President, Mr. Sloan and Gentlemen; It is. not necessary for me to say that I am indeed pleased of the opportunity to be here this morning to .say a word of weleome to you on behalf of the citizens whom it is my privilege to represent. I am pleased of the opportunity for two reasons: first because as British Columbians, as Vancouverites, they are always glad to gather together in this city, with men from various parts of Canada and from various parts of the United States. I merely make that state- ment to remind you of the fact that if we are anything in British Columbia, we are generous. We are always glad to have you here in order that you may enjoy as we do from day to day the wonderful benefits of this wonderful Northwest (applause). I am pleased also to be here because of the fact that this conyen-— tion represents men who throughout the Dominion of Canada are doing the thing we are told we must strive to do, first and last and always, and particularly at this time, and that is PRODUCE. We realize that we have in Canada as one of our natural resources the fishing industry ; and it is a source of satisfaction to those of us in British Columbia who as Mr. Sloan has pointed out understand that one of our greatest assets is the fishing industry: that you can come to gether from various parts of the country to devise ways and means as to the best handling of this im- dustry, and to get the most out of it in a sane and businesslike manner; "CANADIAN I know that I speak for the citizens of Vancouver en I say that you have the very best wishes of all of the citizens. I know that I speak for them when IT say that it will be my desire that you should have perhaps during the days of this convention, the time a your life, if I may put it that way. Knowing the _ gentlemen connected with the fishing industry in Van- aver, and particularly those who sit with me around e head table this morning, it would not be possible r me to do, as I have had to do from time to time, d extend to you the absolute freedom of the city. | must, as you can well understand, safeguard the in- erests of our citizens at all times; and knowing the 3 rmen of Vancouver, and as I look over the audi- ence, the fishermen throughout Canada, there must ‘be some reservation in extending such freedom (ap- plause). I can assure you gentlemen further, that ‘arrangements have been made so that you can al- most go the limit without any fear of inearceration.’’ DELEGATE: What about the eight ounces? MAYOR GALE: ‘‘I was just going to refer to the eight ounces. I am not sure that the Provincial Gov- ernment were advised of the date of your convention ; but it is rather disconcerting, the day before you came here, the quantity is reduced from 12 to 16 to eight ounces. Now, Mr. Chairman, you have a lengthy programme _ before you, and I want to say that the citizens of _ Vaneouver appreciate very much the very excellent _ programme that has been arranged by the gentlemen of the fishing industry in Vancouver; and we feel = that by the time you have left our city and got through _ - with your convention that perhaps you will pass a resolution, and it would please us very much if you _ did, that the City of Vancouver should be chosen as _ the permanent place for conventions in Canada (ap- _ plause.) _ Lam glad you have chosen Vancouver for your con- _ yention this year, and sincerely hope that you will have _ a most enjoyable time, and also hope that you will _ come here just as often as you choose. The city is yours, the lid is off, and you can enjoy the city just _ as far as you can go!’’ (applause.) a _ PRESIDENT BRITTAIN: ‘‘I am sure the last few _ _ words spoken by His Worship the Mayor of Van- Foes _ Mr. F. E. Burke, on behalf of the Vancouver Branch _ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. This is purely a formality, because Mr. Burke has up to the present FISHERMAN 57 been most hospitable personally, and his welcome at the present time is merely saying formally what he and others have been doing personally.’’ MR. F. E. BURKE: ‘‘ Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: You heard our President, Mr. Brittain say that any- thing I would say is purely formal, therefore any- thing I shall have to say will be very short. I feel that those of us who are members of the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association must feel satisfied with ourselves this morning when we look around and see the number of people we have present, especially when we see the number of people from the East. Those of us who are in the business realize what it means to you gentlemen to come from the Atlantic coast and travel three thousand miles to attend this convention. We appreciate the fact that the Canadian Fishery interest must be perhaps even closer to you than it is to us. We do not go East because we want a trip, but because we want to impress the people back there with our own view point. We simply want them to appreciate that the fishing industry and the conditions on this coast are slightly different to what they are in-the East; and this convention shows that we have a viewpoint, and we want them to consider it. We want to get the idea fixed, that the conditions in the Wes. are differ- cut from those on the Atlantic coast. I think we are entitled to feel proud with ourselves that we have the biggest individual branch, so far as members go, in the Canadian Fisheries Association; and that we grasp- ed the idea of the value of this national association, and the fact that we could contemplate more and undertake more by connection with this Association than by connection with any individual association. We have arranged a very full programme, and we will let it work out as it comes along. Gentlemen, we appreciate your attendance here.”’ PRESIDENT BRITTAIN: ‘‘We from the East es- pecially feel that wherever the convention is to be held next year that those who have charge of it will have to go some to hold up their end with the most coia- plete programme that has been arranged here. This, gentlemen, completes the remarks for the open- ing session. The next item on our programme is the business session, for members only. Before getting to our business meeting, I want to eall your attention and also that of guests and others who are not actu- ally members of our association, to a luncheon whieh has been arranged for the delegates, guests and their ladies at the Hotel Barron, at 1 p.m. I will therefore, gentlemen, declare this meeting adjourned, and ask the members of the Association to remain where they are as the meeting will follow right away.’’ 58 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. President A. H. FIRST BUSINESS SESSION Brittain’s Report GENTLEMEN OF THE CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION :— It is a very great pleasure to me to realize that I am about to read our first Peace-time Report on the activities of the Canadian Fisheries Association. As you are aware, I was elected your Chief Executive in Halifax at our Convention there in August 1918. The Great War was at its climax then and, if memory serves me rightly, the Germans were making their last desperate effort to break the Allied line. Even while we were holding Convention in Halifax, German sub- marines were sinking fishing schooners on the Banks a few miles off the Nova Scotia Coast. At that time we were all more or less anxious and unsettled, and while we had no doubt as to the final - outcome of the struggle, yet all of us in our particular business felt that there was no bottom to things and we never knew what the next day would bring forth. The general fishing industry of the country were doing very well owing to the increased demand for food- stuffs of all kinds and fish commanded a good market owing to the scarcity of meats, but it was not a per- manent market. It was artificial and not healthy. When the Armistice came in November 1918, all re- strictions on meat went off and the fish trade, with large stocks on hand, especially frozen and canned stocks, were hard hit. However, these set-backs were to be expected in the wake of War and we cannot complain. At the present time conditions are as nor- mal as can be expected and we are pinning our faith on the future, which, we feel, holds much promise for the progress and development of our great Fishing Industry. My report, gentlemen, is going to be somewhat lengthy as I have to cover a period of some twenty-two months of Association activities, but I have no hesit- ation in saying that the record of our work during that period will show the great value of an Association such as ours to an industry. The Association has about two hundred members— not a great many in figures, but when I look over the list I find we have representatives of practically every fish concern in the Dominion so that we can be truly said to represent a very large percentage of the capital invested in the Canadian fisheries. We have had a more numerous membership in the past when the fee for individuals was one dollar, but when we raised the amount to ten dollars, a large number dropped out. I have something to say on this point later. In the important departments of Transportation and Publicity the Association has accomplished excellent work and the Chairman of these Committees—Mr. Spooner and Mr. Paulhus will render a detailed ac- count of their activities. My remarks will be con- fined strictly to the work carried on by the Secretary and myself. At our last Convention, four very important resolu- tions were passed, and when I took office, I determined to do everything possible to get action of the most if not all of them. We were not able to do very much for a few months as our Secretary, Mr. F. W. Wallace was in the Government service as Superintendent of the Fish Section of the Canada Food Board, and the Association had no desire to have him leave the good work he was engaged in accomplishing for the indus- try in general. However, Mr. Wallace’s work was closely allied to ours in many ways and we were able to consult together at least. The first of these resolutions advocated the for- mation of a Scientific Council for Fishery Research by Canada, the United States and Newfoundland— this Council to carry on fishery investigations, the charting of new fishing banks, the plotting of fish migrations, ete., in the waters commonly used by all three countries contiguous to the Coasts of North America and the Inland Boundary waters. Mr. F. G. Maurice, Secretary of the Board of Fisheries of Eng- land and now President of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea—a European organiz- ation—wrote me asking that I urge the inclusion of Canada as a member of their Council. I replied that we had definitely decided on a Couneil of our own which would make more intensive investigations in our own waters, but that we would be more than glad to co-operate with the European Council just as soon as our body was formed. This is one of the very im- portant matters we want to see started at this Con- vention and we placed the ecarrying-out of this work in the very capable hands of our esteemed fellow- member, Dr, A .G. Huntsman. Dr. Huntsman _ will speak to the Convention on this subject personally. A second resolution which we passed and which we believe is absolutely necessary to the development of our fisheries, was requesting that the PICKLED FISH INSPECTION ACT of 1914 be made compulsory. At that time, that was as far as we were prepared to go. We did not care to include canned fish and other pro- ducts as we did not know how our Paeifie friends felt about it. But in May 1919, we amplified this and asked the Government to standardize our fish grades. weights, cures, and cull and to embody a system of compulsory inspection of canned and cured fish. The Fish Inspection Act was brought before the House of “ommons last year but was killed by certain members in the Fisheries Committee. It has been brought up again this session, but we have not heard what has been decided as it was referred to the Fisheries Com- mittee again. In connection with this standardization and inspection, the Department is wholly in favor of establishing such for the improving of our fish pro- ducts in home and foreign markets, but the opposition comes from certain Members of Parliament who re- present fishing constituencies and who apparently think that standardization and inspection is going to affect the fishermen. I think it would be well in this Convention for us to strongly reiterate our request for Standardization and Inspection, and when papers are read on this matter by certain of our members, ' would like to see this very important matter whole- heartedly endorsed by all present. June, 1920. CANADIAN A third resolution which we passed at our former Convention was on behalf of our Ontario members and the fishermen and others who are affiliated with us. In 1917, the Ontario Government established a Gov- ernment fishery on Lake Nipegon and Nipissing and organized a Fish Sales Branch to make contracts with retail fish dealers in the Province of Ontario to handle Government whitefish, trout and other species at set prices. They also made a provision in the fisherman’s license that same was issued only on condition that the Government had the right to demand twenty per cent. of the fisherman’s catch at any time at a price set. This whole scheme originated in the minds of a few misguided demagogues who worked on the slo- gan—‘‘Cheap Ontario fish for Ontario people’’. It Was war-time and while it hit the fisherman and the wholesale trade very hard, no action was taken by the Association other than to register a strong protest against the Ontario Government’s scheme. However, on the cessation of hostilities, we felt that it was time for the Ontario Government to give up their Fish Pro- ducing and Retailing scheme and allow the business to return to the legitimate trade again. To that end, we have made personal representations to the Ontario Government and collected delegates to visit the Min- ister in charge of the Fisheries Branch. We have pre- sented signed memorials urging the discontinuance of the fish producing and retailing policy of the Govern- ment and attached our reasons thereto. Our last ef- fort was in securing a petition signed by some nine hundred Ontario fishermen and presenting same_ to Ontario Government and at the same time we sent copies of the petition to all members of the local legislature. We managed to secure one definite con- cession, namely, that the Ontario Government would not demand any part of the fishermen’s catch. Though the scheme is being carried out again this summer, we have reason to believe, unofficially, that it will be discontinued next year. The work of combatting this iniquitous principle of Government operation of a pro- ducing and retailing fish business has called for a great deal of time and expense on the part of the Association, but it is a principle which affects us all and we can- not submit to Government competition in an industry which we, ourselves, had to build up slowly and surely in the face of many obstacles. The fourth important resolution called for the re- organization of the Federal Fisheries Department with a separate Minister or, failing that, a Deputy Minister administering the Fisheries entirely. We pressed this resolution again in May 1919 when we waited on the Minister with a series of recommendations to which I will refer later. The Fisheries Department, as you are aware, is coupled with that of the Naval Service and one Deputy Minister administers both. We resent this and feel that our fishery resources and fishing industry are important enough to warrant a distinct adminis- tration under a Deputy Minister of Fisheries.. Hon. Mr. Ballantyne, we believe, favors our request and we understand -he has made a statement in the House fav- oring the appointment of a Deputy Minister for Fish- eries. We believe the uncertainty of the Government’s policy with regard to a Canadian Navy has retarded matters, but I would suggest that we again go on record as desiring the appointment of a Deputy Min- ister of Fisheries. With a Deputy Minister and a Fisheries Department distinct and separated from Naval Service, I believe many of our difficulties in ad- ministration will be solved and, in my opinion, the FISHERMAN 59 time has now come. Just think of the incongruity of the great fishing industry of this country being ad- ministered by the Department of Naval Service—es- pecially when one compares the comparative insignific- ance of the Naval Service to the Fisheries. At the Toronto National Exhibition of 1918 held from August 26th to September 7th, your Association ¢co- operated with the Canada Food Board and the Ontario Department of Fisheries in staging a Fisheries Ex- hibit. The products of all branches of the Industry were displayed and stalls containing samples of can- ned salmon, artistically arranged, adequated featured the products of our Vancouver members. However, I am encroaching on the Report of my colleague Mr. Paulhus, and I will pass on. In March 1919, Mr. Wallace resigned from the Can- ada Food Board and took up active work as our Sec- retary. We felt that the time had come for us to lay out a definite policy of fishery development to A. H. BRITTAIN, Whose Presidential Report Gave the Members an Idea of the Value of the C. F. A. to the Industry. present to the Government and to that end we set to work drafting out a set of recommendations. These were submitted to all our’ members and a conference was called to meet in Ottawa on May 13th. Mr. F. B. Burke and Mr. A. W. Sterrett came as delegates from British Columbia and we had an excellent represent- ation from all parts of Canada. We met the Hon. Mr. Ballantyne on May 14th and laid before him seventeen recommendations—all of which were carefully framed by the delegates as re- presenting the views of the Industry. mendations were as follows: These recom- 1. The segregation of the Fisheries Department from the Naval Service. 60 CANADIAN 2. The appointment of a Deputy Minister of Fish- eries with a thorough knowledge of the industry and its requirements, and who shall act under the present Minister. 3. The appointment of practical and representative fish men to Advisory Boards. Four Boards represent- ing the fisheries of the Pacific, Atlantic, Great Lakes and inland waters west of Lake Superior and east of the Rocky Mountains, are suggested. These Boards will make recommendations and advise the Department on all fishery matters in their particular spheres of in- dustry. 4. The standardization of fish weights in cans, pack, cure and cull, also the grading of fish oil and feeds, and the inspection and branding of certification of such packs and cure by Government inspectors. Same to be embodied in Fishery Acts and made compulsory. 5. The Dominion Hydrographic Survey to produce charts for fishermen—surveying the banks and grounds and accurately plotting the soundings, the character of the bottom and tidal currents in a more comprehensive manner than on the charts now in use which aré design- ed primarily for use of merchant ship navigators who do not require more than occasional soundings, ete., offshore and who are not interested in the character of the bottom as the liners and trawler fishermen. 6. A more comprehensive scheme of re- stocking and artificial propagation of commercial fish in inland lakes, waters and river,; hatcheries to be located in convenient locations; hatchery officials to be qualified fish culturists and appointed on qualifications, 7. Fishery inspectors to be qualified and appointed on practical qualifications. Should be given special training for the districts in which they have jurisdic-— tion. 8. A scheme of apprenticeship: whereby boys of 16 can be sent to sea on fishing vessels and placed in charge of owner or skipper and trained in fishery, seamanship and navigation. Such lads to be given an annual period of naval reserve training and instruct- ed in navigation at the expense of the Government. 9. Harbors adjacent to prolifie fishing grounds to be protected by adequate breakwaters; equipped with lights, buoys and aids to navigation; facilities to be provided for the landing of fish. 10. A vessel or vessels to be fitted up for fishery investigations—preferably steam vessels equipped with trawl, drift nets and line gear. These eraft to sur- vey the fishery resources and try out new fishing erounds and to survey both Atlantie and Pacifie and lator on, Hudson’s Bay. These vessels will keep track of the annual migrations of commercial fish. ; 11. trouble he had taken to make a show. They ‘‘do’’ things in the West. The word ‘‘impos- sible’’ is not in their dictionary. Those of the visitors who had fishing plants of their own could pretty well euess what Mr. Hager had to do in order to show a complete sequence of operations as there are no fishery June, 1920, CANADIAN establishments where they are doing every branch of the business at one and the same time. The work is largely seasonal, but in the Canadian Fishing Com- pany’s plant during the visit they arranged to have gangs of men and women doing a little of everything. Halibut were being landed, weighed off, dressed, boxed and iced and loaded into ears, or glazed and ‘packed in the freezers. Salmon were being eviscerat ed, slimed and clipped in the ‘‘Iron Chinks’’ and packed in cans by a series of operations mechanically marvellous: salmon were also being split and prepared as ‘‘mild cured.’’ Sablefish, in another department, were being manufactured into smoked fillets and chunks, and herring were shown from the raw fresh fish throughout the processing stages to their packing in boxes as bloaters and kippers. The various parties were led throughout an endless suecession of rooms where busy hands or whirling ma- FISHERMAN 91 was a natty menu card in gilt type and engraving and everything was on the table just as it should be. The menu itself would have done justice to any first class restaurant and it was practically all fish— the products of the Company. The writer has had, on many occasions, to eat fish, figuratively speaking from ‘‘soup to nuts’’ and became rather surfeited, but at the Canadian Fishing Com- pany’s luncheon they introduced you to it very pleas- antly by way of a crab cocktail with sauce ravigotte. Following this introduction one was presented to a de. licious shrimp salad with Thousand Island dressing, and when this was disposed of you met the piece dé resistance in the shape of a British Columbia fish din ner—a real honest-to-goodness plateful of kippered sablefish, fresh halibut and spring salmon. Shades of Lueullus! How the Epicureans of old would have ! Discharging your obligation to smacked their lips! Interior View of Home Cannery. chines were doing something to fish either to preserve them to increase their palatability. From the huge de- partmental store of a ¢ommissary where they keep everything from a needle to an anchor, or from canned asparagus to fresh beef, they toured through the ma- chine room and power plant and finally emerged up in a spacious cannery loft where tables were laid for three hundred guests and a cabaret orchestra was making the rafters echo to syncopated ‘‘jazz’’ and Ernest Ball’s latest. The luncheon at the cannery was the crowning effort. Just imagine it! The tables, chairs, linen, eutlery, china for three hundred persons had to be transported down to the plant and all the food had to be cooked on the premises! But to Hercules Hager and his staff of Trojans, these were merely incidentals —a part of the day’s work. And the luncheon was no brown bread and bean feast. By no means, There the fish portion of the menu, one ‘‘clewed’ up’? an ex- cellent lunch with crushed strawberry ice and cake and felt content to moralize while a sweet-voiced cabaret singer carolled an accompaniment to the rum- bling of an ice-crusher, and the orchestra essayed the sobbing saxophone stunt in ‘‘Dardenella.’ to the slop of the ‘‘Tom and Al’s’’ halibut on the landing stages. The orthodox coffee and cigars same along, and the Genii of the Lamp, otherwise Mr. Hager, rose and addressed the gathering: ‘“‘Sinee our Convention was opened yesterday,” he said, ‘‘you have heard so many speeches of wel- come. Now that my turn is at hand, I find there are very few nice words in the vocabulary to make use of Suffice it to say, we are all very pleased to see you with us today, and on behalf of my company | wish tu say to you that we are very much honored at the large and representative gathering that is here today, in CANADIAN The plant that you have visited here is a typical Pacifie Coast fishing ¢com- pany’s plant, and it is to be regretted that it is im- possible to show all of our visitors and guests the large and most important part of the industry, namely, the response to our invitation. catching of the fish itself. I am not going to make a speech, I am not going to inflict that upon you just now. My turn will come on Saturday evening. I pro- mised not to talk fish to you, because if I start on that subject I might detain you quite a while. However, there is an item of interest that I might call to your attention, and that is the fact that the halibut vessel which you see discharging, is a typical halibut schooner, and has reached the port again after sailing a mileage representing about the distance between Vaneouver and Halifax, a distance of four thousand miles. This little vessel, or the halibut boats that ge to the Alaska halibut banks, are going a distance ot 1.600 to 1,800 miles, from Seattle to Vancouver — to the fishing grounds, and a like distance in making FISHERMAN the return trip which equals a distance of about 4,000 mniles, the distance from Vancouver to Halifax. Now, ladies and gentlemen, we are here today for pleasure. We have a trip on the steamer before us, and in closing let me say to you that if you have enjoyed yourself as much in visiting us, and partaking of our hospitality today as we have in having you with us, everything is ‘jake,’ and everybody is satisfied. (Loud applause). MR. J. J. HARPELL: I am quite sure you all feel as I do, and on your behalf and on my own, I am going to take the liberty of giving expression to the feelings of gratitude that we have for the hospitality we have received from Mr. Hager and his Company. We have had it ever since we came to Vancouver, but it has been particularly accentuated during the last two hours. [ take great pleasure in your behalf in moving a vote of thanks to Mr. Hager and his Company, and I ask Mr. O’Connor of Montreal to second the vote. MR. O’CONNOR: Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentle- In the Herring Department. Plant of Canadian Fishi ar. see via wi En wh ? ~%. pz & CANADIAN Company, Ltd. Vancouver, B.C. men, I made no Irish bull when I came to this Con- vention. That is the one thing I will remember in my life as a wise act. I might say before seconding the vote of thanks there is one thing that stand out most prominently in my mind; the reception we got in Van- conver. It was not only the style of intertainment, but the wholehearted and the wholsouled manner in which it was done. We will remember that as the way the Vancouver boys received us. If they see us stand- ing a minute we are grabbed and shoved into an auto or entertained in some way. We will never forget the spirit that has prevailed during our visit. When we get back to our homes in the East we will try and aspire to the high standard you have all established. FISHERMAN 93 ie \/ |i a We, in the East had no idea how colossal this thing was, we will go back to our little communities and dream of the things we have seen in Vancouver in this plant, and not the least delightful pleasure, was the meeting of our host’s family, from Mr. and, Mrs Hager down to the smallest member of that excellent family. I have very great pleasure indeed in seconding the vote of thanks to Mr. Hager and the Canadian Fishing Company.’’ When the three cheers and a tiger for Mr. Hager had died away, the party made their way to the whart and boarded the Union Steamship Company’s steamer ‘Capilano’’ for a cruise to Indian River and return. Interior of Home Cannery. 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. ASWELL AZ \ \\\\ Wii WWE We THE CRUISE TO INDIAN RIVER DELEGATES AND GUESTS ENJOY AFTERNOON SAIL UP BURRARD INLET . Friday afternoon at 2.30 p.m. after leaving the Ca- nadian Fishing Company’s wharf, the Conventioneers boarded the trim little steamer ‘‘Capilano’’ which the Union Steamship Company of British Columbia kindly loaned to the Canadian Fisheries Association for a eruise. The embarkation of the Fishery Pilgrims was accomplished in modern fashion with three movie camera men turning the cranks and Lieut. Charley Julian acting as a sort of a Marine Moses. Casting off from the wharf, the steamer headed up the inlet for the second narrows while everybody was getting settled near observation windows or in the lee of something. The male members seemed to rapidly vanish from the decks soon after the ship started’ and enquiries as to the whereabouts of absent friends elicited the enigmatic answer that they were probably down for’ard. Which, of course, aroused natural curiosity, and one went ‘‘down for’ard’’ too. Experience on many water trips—especially at Con- ventions—leads one into the belief that much of the scenery is viewed from such quiet corners as “‘down % Salmon Gomg Through the ‘Iron Chink,’”’ ie Rae and the admiring comments on the beauties eascape and landscape consist of terse ‘‘Say when’s’’ pe ‘*Here’s how’s:’’ Possibly, 6n these occasions the heart is so full of Nature’s marvels that lengthy voeai adulation is superfluous. But all levity aside—the trip was really wonderful and reminded one much of the rail journey through the gorges of the Rockies. As the steamer made her way up the Inlet, the mountains crowded the placid waters into a narrow defile and to starboard and port the great peaks thrust up their serrated crests into the clouds and seemed to frown upon the little vessel skirting their rocky bases. Waterfalls, fed from the melting snows, splashed down their steep flanks or leaped, spun by giddy heights into a bridal veil of liquid drops, over mighty cliff walls into the silent sea. Vista sueeeeded vista as the steamer forged up through this fjord of the Pacifie Coast and the eye could searee encompass the many beauties of the rank- ed mountains, the snow-clad peaks glistening in the sun, the dazzling greenery of the mighty trees. and PU i lal Home Cannery. ey en ee ron foes ‘ = — oo ide en fe Oe a ee ur CANADIAN ee? « fairy-like wisps of vaporous clouds clinging half- way down the slopes. But, alas, stern business and soul-less Secretary and unimpressionable Chairman needs interrupt the contemplation of Nature’s Bisticn both on deck and ‘‘down for’ard,’’ and the delegates were haled into the main saloon to tackle business. The orchestra ‘“‘knocked off’’ as President Brittain called the gathering to order. The CHAIRMAN: Ladies and gentlemen, we were ble this morning to finish some valuable papers which had been prepared for our morning session, and to enable us to continue our work this evening d tomorrow, we thought it best to call upon one or two of the gentlemen who have taken much trouble “preparing some of these papers. We have with us, r. Noble, who has kindly consented to read a paper FISHERMAN 95 by Mr. De Long on ‘‘Fire Insurance as Pertaining to the Fishing Industry.’’ MR. NOBLE: This paper was originally to have been read by Mr. De Long, but as Mr. De Long’s voice has left him, I have consented to read the paper and to enter into any discussion which may follow. Knowing the retiring disposition of Mr. De Long who is un- able to read the paper on account of the loss of voice, he has asked me to deliver his paper for him. Now, I was told, confidentially, that Mr. De Long had ac- quired laryngitis by trying to induce Mr. Hager to place insurance on his Ketchikan plant. I wish to thank you all on behalf of Mr. De Long for the honour given him of reading this paper. The title of Mr. De Long’s paper is ‘‘Fire Insurance as Pertaining to the Fishing Industry.’’ (Reads). \ Fire Insurance As Pertaining to the Fishing Industry By A. Z. DELONG, Terminal Agencies, Vancouver oon Weze i In writing this paper on Fire Insurance as pertain- ing to the Fishing Industry it is not my intention to ive you a technical treatise on this subject, nor to lelve too deeply into the Policy Contract, nor the ory of the business, because in order to do so I have to have much more time than is at my Recast: but rather to touch on a few general sub- jects that I believe are often overlooked by the public general and by those interested in the fishing in- dustry in particular. he first item I am going to call your attention to is the contract contained in the policy itself. A great ‘many business men—and especially the smaller insur- - ers—do not realize that a fire insurance policy is a legal contract entered into by an insurance company and the owner whose property is insured. In_ this tract, the company agrees to re-imburse the assured for certain losses on the payment of a certain pre- mium, provided the assured lives up to certain war- ranties and conditions as laid down in the policy. How many men receive their policy from their fire jnsurance broker or agent look at the outside of it, see the amount for which the policy is written and the premium attached thereto, throw the policy into. the safe with other policies, send the agent a cheque for the premium (if he does not forget it), and never looks on the inside of the policy to see how or in what ‘manner he is covered, and therefore does not realize that in case of loss this scrap of paper may stand be- ‘tween him and the poor house. All policies contain certain Statutory Conditions which are fixed by law, but in addition to this, other conditions are added to _ make the policy applicable to the particular risk to be covered. These are attached to the regular policy and are called ‘‘Forms’’ or ‘‘Wordings,’’ and may give to the assured certain broader policy conditions _ and privileges under his contract, which he might not otherwise have. It is most important that these forms eovering on the same risk should read alike and be absolutely concurrent, as otherwise, in case of loss, a Serious difficulty might arise in making the appor- tionment of the loss as between the various companies ed. So, scrutinize the form and watch your conditions, see that they are concurrent. and Kine that your interests are fully protected, be careful to always live up to your part of the contract, so that in case of loss there will be no question as to whether or not you are perfectly covered. In connection with the forms which I have just mentioned, your atten- tion is called to the fact that these are drawn by various agents and brokers in a great many different ways, but by these forms is indicated the way in which your insurance actually covers, and are of great importance, There are various ways of covering property, but two to which I wish to call your particular attention— what is known as ‘‘Blanket Covering’’ and that which covers specifically on the different items. For instance, you may have two or three buildings which adjoin. These buildings ean be written, under Tariff Regulations, as one risk, but a great many times you will find that the agent has written these buildings as . Separate risks—naming a specific amount to each one. It is to your advantage, however, to have this insur- ance cover as one risk—in other words—blanketing the | insurance to cover on all risks, because if you do this, in case of loss the total amount of insurance ean all be applied to one building, while if the insurance covers specifically you can only collect for the one building up to the amount of the actual insurance placed on that building. The same remarks apply to stock, Always have your policy cover as much of your risk under one item as is permissable, and elim- inate specific insurance as much as possible, this is to your advantage. We now come to the question of carrying Blanket Insurance on buildings that are not attached. In this case it is necessary for the assured either to write his insurance with co-insuranee or with the Distribu- tion Clause. A great many assureds carry co-insur- ance on their property, without knowing what co- insurance means. Briefly, the Co-insurance Clause is as follows: In consideration of the reduced rate, or the special form under which the policy is. written, it is stipulated and made a condition of the contract that the insurance company shall be liable for no greater proportion of any loss than the amount in- sured under the policy bears to a determined percent- 96 . CANADIAN age of the actual cash value of the property described in the policy. In other words, inasmuch as the com- pany is writing your policy at a lower rate, or grant- ing you certain concessions in the way of form, you agree with the company to carry insurance up to such percentage of the value of the property as is mentioned in the poliey—which is generally either 80 or 90 per cent. Failing to do this, you agree to be- come a co-insurer for the difference between what you do carry and what you should have carried. For example, you have property worth $10,000.00 and agree to insure for 80 per cent of that value— you therefore should carry $8,000.00. You do carry $8,000.00 of insurance and you have a loss of $4,- 000.00—the company in that case would pay the total amount of the loss, because you have lived up to your agreement with the company, and have carried 80 per cent. of that value. On the other hand, you have $10,000.00 worth of value; you should carry $8,000.00 of insurance; you do actually carry only $6,000.00. We will assume that you have a loss of $4,000.00. In that case the companies will pay 6/8 of that $4,- 000.00, and you have to stand 2/8 of that loss your- self. The reason why the insurance companies have such a clause is because they can afford to insure certain classes of property at a lower rate and with better policy conditions, if the assured will agree to earry enough insurance to make it improbable that the companies will be called upon to pay the face value of the policies, or total loss to them, when only a portion of the property is destroyed. Assuming that the rates are the same with and without co-insurance, and that two men each own buildings side by side, we will assume that the buildings are worth $50,000 apiece and the insurance company issues a policy for $10,000 on each building. Supposing that the first man carries a total of $40,000 insurance on his build- ing, and the second man carries but $10,000. A fire oceurs and damages each of these buildings to the ex- tent of $10,000. Both men are paid in full, but in the one case the company who carried $10,000 on the build- ing which is insured for $40,000 only contributes $2.- 500 towards the payment of this loss, while in the other case—where they have the full $10,000 and that is all that is carried, they have to pay the face value of the policy. Had this company issued a policy for $40,000 on the first building, they would then have paid the whole $10,000 loss, but they would only have paid a quarter of the face value of their policy, while they would have received a premium on $40,000. So the companies feel that the man who carries more in- surance is entitled to a lower rate than the man who carries more insurance is entitled to a lower rate than carries a smaller amount of insurance, inasmuch as the chances are much less that the in surance will all be paid out. This plan of insurance is becoming generally adopted. on certain classes of risk, and while co-insurance is not allowable on dwell- ings, farm property and some classes, still on merean- tiles it is becoming quite general. It is a question that is largely misunderstood by the insurers, and it is one that you should go carefully into before allow- ing it to be made a part of your policy. Another clause which is of special interest to own- ers of cold storage plants is that clause known as the ‘*Consequential Damage Clause’’ or ‘‘Cold Storage Clause.’’ By consequential damage is meant damage which is catised by the interruption of the cold stor- age machinery by fire, which allows the temperature FISHERMAN June, 1920.” in the cold storage plant to rise and damage the goods stored therein. This might happen even though no fire, smoke or water came in contact with the goods, or anywhere near the cold storage plant in question. It should be specifically stated on all policies cover- ing goods in cold storage whether or not it is the in- tent of that policy to cover consequential damage, and while under the ordinary policy the companies would undoubtedly deny liability for consequential damage— even though there was no clause on the policy—still, this would probably result in hard feeling between the assured and the company in case of a loss, with It is therefore important, where the claim denied. consequential damage insurance is desired, that two sets of policies should be written, so as to prevent — complications arising out of non-coneurrence or th question of contribution. The companies assuming the fire risk should except any loss due to conse- quential damage and those companies who are writing the consequential damage should have a special form of policy covering this particular portion of the risk. In speaking of hazards generally found in connec- tion with canneries, that of gasoline particularly comes to our notice. In many canneries gasoline is stored in close proximity to the main plant. This consti- tutes a severe hazard, with the added possibility of — oe making insurance policies void. Mostly the gasoline ‘fishing boats and tenders pro eure their fuel supply from the cannery out of which — they operate, which necessitates large quantities be- ing on storage. daily handling this dangerous liquid rarely consider its hazard, where feasible, a separate wharf for the storing and handling of all oils should be erected, or other proper precautions taken for the handling of the _ same. A point to bear in mind is that metal drums are not sufficient protection and that empty contain. ers should be more carefully handled than full ones, because the danger from these is greater. - Care should be taken, also, in the handling of lac-— quer. Not more than one day’s supply should “be kept in the cannery building, and in no case should — it be used or handled when any fire or open light is burning in the vicinity. é The following precautions and suggestions are brought particularly to your attention: “‘All electrical equipment should be properly in- stalled and inspected periodically. _ “Metal drip pans should be provided for all bear- j ings. ae ‘Steam pipes should be at least two inches from woodwork and main steam lines covered around with — ; asbestos slag and wrapped. : “Lamp or lantern room for filling and storing lamps or lanterns should be in a separate building. ‘‘No smoking should be allowed in buildings and signs to this effect should be freely posted. If sanitary cans are not used, soldering equipment _ should be so arranged that any hazard from the same would be eliminated. Woodwork in and around all soldering machines-and furnaces should be protected by metal at least two feet on all sides of fire doors, ~ and brought up at the back to meet the brickwork. All pots should have water pans under and same kept filled with water when not in use, Benches should be — As those who are in the habit of CANADIAN least six inches at the back of the bench. Metal from soldering machines or pots should extend less than three feet above the apex of the roof roperly protected where passing through or near ork. e blacksmith’s forge should be set out from the or other woodwork and floor protected with metal metal hood provided. “Gasoline or naptha engines should not have their attached to the base of the engine or hung un- » the wharf or cannery. Supply tank should be wried not less than four feet underground and not used below the grade or first floor of the and the gasoline should be forced directly the tank to the engine by pump. The engine should be well ventilated at both the floor and plant at all times should be kept clean and a inspection of same during the packing season be instituted for that purpose. il fire fighting apparatus should be given the care and always ready for instant use should meries having smoke-house in connection there- should have proper arrangements for taking care his hazard, If possible, the smoke-house should be resisting construction and communications, if main building should be protected with stand- e doors. The sill in openings on firing floor mild be at least twelve inches in height and a drain mld be provided to carry oil drippings away from plant. Steam jet should be provided for fire arrangement of boilers is an important item. ould be properly set and encased in brick. It erable to locate boiler house more than twenty- from the main buildings. Metal stack should least twelve inches clear from all wood-work and loor not nearer than six feet from boiler front. or net tarring vats especially if fire heat is introduce a distinct hazard. This should never attempted in or near the main buijldings, nor iC freshly tarred or oiled nets be stored in can- within one hundred feet thereof. The oiling is a serious hazard and great care should be in this regard.”’ question of fire protection is one that enters into the matter of your rate. In cannery its the water supplies would depend largely upon size of the plant and the surrounding conditions. should be a good gravity or pump supply. avity supply, to be of sufficient capacity to in- the maintenance of the required number of fire is, with fifty pounds flowing pressure at the », for a period of at least two hours. If pump ly, the pump should be of not less than 500 us per minute, one of the Underwriters’ Stand- d should be equipped with automatic regulator, be not more than twelve feet, steam pressure ot less than fifty pounds to be maintained for pump at all times during the operating season. pump should be located in a detached pump at least forty feet from the main buildings. _ distr on main should be not less than six es in eter. Hydrants should be two-way, 2% n five feet of any building. The engine should. FISHERMAN ; 97 inch, located not less than forty feet or more than one hundred feet from any building and sufficient in number so that it would not be necessary to string more than one hundred feet of hose to reach any part of a building. Fifty feet or more of two-inch hose, with one inch nozzle should be attached to each hy- drant. These hydrants and hose should be protected with good substantial hose houses, and should contain wrenches, spanners and whatever tools are necessary for prompt action in case of need. Regular inspee- tion and tests of the hydrants and hose should be made, at least once every two weeks. These hydrants should also be protected in a cold climate against freezing. When it comes to the inside system, supply mains should not be less than four inches in diameter, Stand- pipes should not be less than 2% inches. All valves should be two inch and should carry fifty feet of No. One two-inch linen hose, with one-inch smooth nozzle attached to each valve. The underwriters’ standard for a cannery is one inside standpipe for every 5,000 feet of floor area. All of this equipment must be of first grade, in order to pass the underwriters’ stand- ard. Also, in case the standpipe is not practical, one 2% gallon fire extinguisher for each 2,500 square feet or fraction thereof of floor area, and one cask or bar- rel with two fire pails attached thereto, for every 2,- 500 square feet or fraction thereof, on each floor. The underwriters ask that these casks be painted red so as to be made very conspicuous. The capacity should be at least 40 gallons and in a cold climate forty pounds of common salt should be dissolved in each cask. Two fire pails should be hung with each eask. It is better to have round bottomed pails so they will not be used for ordinary purposes and thus be out of place in an emergency. These pails also should be painted red and marked with the word ‘‘Fire,’’ so as to insure their use for fire purposes only. They should be placed so that they will be constantly in sight and should never be covered with stock or rubbish. They are best located near exits and stairways. In the case of the extinguishers, regular inspections should he made and the extinguishers should be re-charged at least every six months. Suitable tags should be at- tached to these extinguishers bearing the date of the last inspection and when they were re-charged, Al! fire protection equipment should be put in charge of the foreman or engineer, who should be held respon- sible for their condition. | As stated at the beginning of this paper, the ques- tion of fire insurance in connection with your particu- lar industry is a big one, and I have only touched on some of the more important items in a very brief way. There are many other things which could be diseussed at length and which would be of interest to you. It is my belief that it is good policy for. any ‘insurer to appoint a firm of competent brokers or agents to look after their insuranee for them. By so doing, this agent will receive enough remuneration so that he can afford to devote the proper time and attention to your insurance matters, which they de- serve. He can act as your insurance adviser and keep your policies in order for you while if you seatter your insurance around to a dozen different agents or brokers, no one of them is going to take the interest in your risk which they should take with the result that your interests are not looked after to your bes} advantage. - 98 MR. NOBLE: How many of you ladies here, wash your gloves in gasoline? Yet gasoline is much more dangerous than dynamite. You should be most careful only to use gasoline in your back yard. There is one point again that has occurred to me; the last cannery has not yet been built in British Columbia by any means. To those of you who contemplate building, whether a cannery, storage plant or herring saltery, let me point out to you that it is certainly to your ad- . vantage to discuss your rate before you build your can- nery. Many times we find in our business that buildings are erected without any consideration as to the insurance rates. When you figure possibly that your building will stand anywhere from one to twenty years, ten cents in the rate means a difference to you. I would say it is a most important thing, before you make any important changes, that you should consult some au- thority who can advise you the best way to handle your particular hazard. With these words, ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for the opportunity afforded me. (Applause). DISCUSSION ON INSURANCE PAPER. The CHAIRMAN: Before asking Mr, Hager to move a vote of thanks to Mr. Noble, if there are any ques- tions that you might wish to ask Mr.*Noble, who no doubt will be glad to answer you. There is one point I want to put to Mr. Noble. Is it any great advantage to those who have insurance at the present time, to make an appraisal of their properties?, Most firms on the co-insuranece plan, who had a $10,000 value yesterday, have a $20,000 or $30,000 value today, and on the co-insurance plan would be very much in the soup if they a fire. On the question of smoking; 1 think every member of this Association, when this is published in the Canadian Fisherman, should hand that particular article over to the man ‘who is study- ing insurance for his firm. They should read and study this question, the question of smoking. You eharge that we should cut out smoking in our plants. Isn’t it a fact that we put signs in our plants through- out Canada, ‘‘No Smoking,’’ but the law doesn’t sup- port us in discharging a man for smoking. Are we in a position to discharge a man after we have put up such a sign? I don’t think we have a law in this country which would permit us to put up such a sign as ‘‘Men smoking will be discharged.’’ MR. NOBLE: Speaking of the question of smoking first. There is no doubt that the smoking habit is universal; we must recognize that. During my in- spection visits to various places, I find that those who are well advised have a place where their employees can go and smoke. In the canneries you will find that the humble Chinaman will sit behind a ease of fish, and if anyone comes along he will throw away his lighted cigarette. The cigarette is the worst thing of all—worse than any other form of smoking. So that there should be some place to throw the cigarette CANADIAN F ISHERMAN June, 1920. where it can do no damage. With regard to appraisal. — The appreciation of all classes of risks has been so | great that it is very diffieult to tell exactly what to do, but more especially when the co-insurance is taken. _ It is more to the advantage of the insured to have some idea of his value. An appraisal, if done by a pro- per concern, is of very much importance to the insured because he is busy possibly as you are, catching fish. — Over eighty per cent of all fires are due to utter care- _ _lessness. Fire loss in Canada and the United States — today is approximately $1,000,000 per day. Between — 15,000 and 25,000 lives are lost every year due to carelessness. Those of you gentlemen who have large plants have difficulty with labor. You do not want to discharge a man because he is smoking, because he may be a good man. Did you ever tell him to go to a certain place where he can smoke? If you did that, it would be very much to your advantage. CAPT GOSSE: I don’t smoke myself, but I draw attention to that fact every day about my cannery. It is the worst thing we are up against. MR. HAGER: I have been asked to move a vote of thanks to Mr. Noble. My friend Mr. Noble is Presi- dent and chief patron of the Anti-Cigarette League. I don’t think it is hardly fair for him to talk shop. I undertook to stop smoking when he agreéd to stop drinking, and I am still smoking. Now, ladies and — gentlemen, in whatever success has attended our efforts to see that you have a good time while this convention has been in progress, Mr. De Long has assisted very materially. Mr.-De Long has given very freely of his — time and has assisted us in financing our entertain- ment, and has assisted in making this eruise possible, and in the delightful smoker we had last evening. — Mr.: DeLong was asked by me to prepare and deliver _ a paper before the convention on a subject on whieh — he is very well posted. You have heard the paper — read in the most admirable manner, by Mr. Noble, — and I am sure when this paper is published in the — Canadian Fisherman it will be read with a very great — deal of interest. I take the greatest pleasure in moy- — ing a very hearty vote of thanks to Mr. De Long for — his very able paper.’’ = _ The Chairman looked as if he would liked to have — tackled some more business, but the audience looked — mildly threatening. The loveliest panoramas of British — Columbia’s coast were to be seen outside and the de- — legates looked appealingly at the presiding officer. His hard heart was softened and he closed up his letter- — case. ‘‘We will meet again for business this evening. — I declare the meeting adjourned.”’ i The orchestra got to work again, nimble feet glided — into dance steps, and outside the sepnery-lovers — feasted eyes and body with mountains and more ma- — terial sandwiches and ginger ale. At 7 p.m. the © aes ieee ee SR a ee ee eet, ee Ss ‘‘Capilano’’ pulled into the dock again and Admiral — Julian, commanding a fleet of autos, embarked his Pilgrims for the Hotel once more. June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 99 F. E. BURKE, Vancouver. Chairman, Vancouver Branch, C.F.A. Third Vice-President, Canadian Fisheries Association. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 101 — FRIDAY EVENING SESSION JUNE 4th, 1920 RIDAY EVENING SESSION at 8 p.m. at Hotel ancouver. Vice-President A. L. Hager, in the Chair. he CHAIRMAN: Gentlemen, we will come to or- er. Mr. Babcock, Assistant Commissioner of Fisher- ss for British Columbia, has a very important paper deliver to us on the subject of the Fraser River Sal- i situation. Mr. Babcock has to leave on tonight’s umer for Victoria, and in order that we may make » sockeye salmon fishery of the Fraser River sys- was formerly the greatest fishery in which Canada le United States engaged. It was the greatest n fishery in the world. During the period from to 1913 inclusive the Fraser River system pro- more sockeye salmon than any other known er system, amounting to a pack of 11,007,125 eases, or a catch of 132,085,450 fish. The runs of sockeye mn in its waters were formerly greater every year than in all other waters in those years. The of sockeyes to its waters no longer constitute a fishery, but have been so depleted that they are onger of commercial importance. In other words Fraser is fished out. Its present condition is ‘‘a mental record of man’s folly and greed’’—and good time to talk about it for there is a pos- y of its restoration in some measure at least. causes that have brought about its depletion are established, and are no longer questioned by Canadian or United States fishery authorities. have twice been recognized in treaties proposed e Government of Canada and the executive authorities of the United States. ‘Those who are not familiar with the sockeye salmon hery of the Fraser are informed that the term er River System’’ is used to define all the fish- waters in British Columbia and in the States of ngton which are frequented by sockeye salmon their return migration from the Pacific Ocean to spawning beds in the Fraser River in British ambia. They are also informed that the sockeye frequent those waters are hatched in the water- of the Fraser in British Columbia, lie for the first f their life in the lake waters, then migrate to a where they remain and grow until the summer ir fourth year, and then seek to return to the River basin in order to spawn, and after spawn- die.* herefore the run of sockeye in any year is almost lly the product of the spawning of the fourth pre- ear. | heed River basin lies exclusively within the ere are, however, exceptional cases in which fish ed to sea immediately on hatching, and there are n but small proportions which return in their d in their fifth year. his time fit in, we will ask Mr. Babeock to present his paper now. JOHN P. BABCOCK: I hardly think I am entitled to much consideration, Mr. President and gentlemen, and I think there are so many papers that are to be heard which are much more interesting and of more value, that I feel I must apologize for accepting your invitation. (Reads paper.) The Fraser River Salmon Situation. Canada’s Position i By JOHN P. BABCOCK Province of British Columbia and has an area of 90,903 spuare miles. It contains sixteen large lakes and many minor lakes that have a surface area of 2,351 square miles. No other river on the Pacifie Coast drains so extensive an area 6f lake waters suitable to the propagation and rearing of sockeye salmon. — In the past the Fraser River basin produced every fourth year greater runs of sockeye than any other. river basin and in three intervening years it produced, for a period, runs of sockeye that exceeded in number the run to any other stream in British Columbia. As far back as written records exist there has been a phe- nomenally big run of sockeye to the Fraser every fourth year, a characteristic peculiar to that river that has attracted. universal interest, because it was un- known to any other river. But few people realize what vast numbers form- erly comprised the runs of sockeye to the Fraser in a big year. The pack in the four big years ending with 1913 represents an average yearly catch of twenty-millions of individual sockeye, and in each of those years it is estimated that the number of sockeye that escaped capture was as great, if not greater than those caught. If that be so the run in each of these big years consisted of not less than forty-eight millions of fish. Complete records exist of conditions on both the fishing and the spawning grounds of the Fraser system since 1900. Records of the salmon pack extend back to 1876. The record of ‘the pack shows the total catch, because the entire catch was marketed in tin. The records from the spawning grounds furnish adequate data for a comparison of conditions since 1900, The re- cords in no other river are as complete. Fishing for sockeye began commercially in the chanels of the Fraser River in British Columbia in 1876 and was confined to its waters up to 1890. Fishing was extended in 1890 to the waters of the Gulf of Georgia in the Province of British Columbia, immediately out- side the mouth of the river, regulated gill-net fishing only being permitted. Up to 1890 only Canadians under license were engaged in catching salmon in the Fraser River system. The sockeye salmon fishery of the Fraser River system became an international fishery in 1890 when fishing for Fraser bred sockeye began in the State of Washington waters of the system with the installation of traps at Point Roberts. Traps 102 became a leading method of fishing in American waters in 1897. Purse-nets came into use in those waters in 1901, and in recent years have been greatly increased in number and efficiency. _ During the period 1900 to 1913 inclusive, when the industry was at its height in the big years, the catch of sockeye in Canadian waters produced a pack of 4,546,354 cases, and the catch in the American waters of the system gave a pack of 6,460,771 cases, a com- bined total pack for the whole system of 11,007,125 eases, of which the Canadian waters produced 41 per cent and the American waters 59 per cent. The record of the pack shows that the catches in the three small years of each four-year cycle began JOHN P. BABOOCK, Asst. Commissioner of Fisheries B.C. Government. to decline in 1902. The catches in the small years from 1902 to the present time have, with very few ex- ceptions, continued to show a marked decline due to excessive fishing. The catches in the big year of each eyele reached their height in 1913. The reeord of the pack shows that in the big years 1901, 1905, 1909 and 1913 the Fraser River system produced an average pack of sockeye of 1,927,600 cases. The reports from the spawning grounds show that, notwithstanding the great catches in those years, all the spawning beds of CANADIAN FISHERMAN the Fraser River were crowded with spawning sock- eye. Trained observers state that the number that reached the beds in those years was as great if not greater than those taken on the fishing grounds. The pack in 1917, the last year in the cycle of big years, produced a pack of but 559,732 cases or 70 per cent less than the average of the four preceding big years, and was 76 per cent less than the catch of 1913 the brood year. The startling decrease in 1917 is due to the fact. that the great spawning run of 1913 did not reach the spawning beds of the upper section of the Fraser River, because that river’s channel at Hell’s Gate was blocked by a great slide of rock which formed an obstruction that the greater pro- portion of the run of that year could not get over, and they died there without having spawned. The total number of sockeye that escaped capture on the fishing grounds, and which reached Hell’s Gate in 1913, is stated by qualified observers to have been as great as in 1909. But, owing to the blockade, the number of sockeye that reached the spawning beds of the upper section of the Fraser basin that yar did not greatly jexceed ‘the numbers that reached them in former small years, and did not exceed 20 per cent of those that reached the beds in 1909. Reference to one record from the spawning beds will sufficiently illustrate this conclusion. In 1909 four million sockeye entered Quesnel Lake, one of the great lakes of the upper section. In 1913 but 557,000 sockeye reached that lake, and the run to all lakes in the upper section of the river was proportionately less than in 1909. While the catch of 1917 produced a pack 76 per cent less than in 1913, the number of fish that escaped cap- ture was proportionately far less. In place of the four million sockeye that entered Quesnel Lake in 1909, and the 557,000 in 1913, less than 28,000 sockeye were shown to have entered that lake in 1917, and the run to all other section of the upper section showed a proportionate reduction. According to all reports from the spawning beds of the Fraser in 1917 there was sufficient spawn deposited to produce a run in 1921 greater than the runs of former small years; henee it is unreasonable to believe that the catch of 1921 will be nearly as great as it was in 1917. The records from both the spawning beds and the fishing grounds show that the runs in the small years were destroyed by excessive fishing, and that the greater portion of the runs in the big years was des- troyed by the blockade of 1913 and that it was fur- ther reduced by the catch of 1917, and therefore ean- not herafter be expected to equal the runs of the earlier small years. The great sockeye salmon fishery of the Fraser River system has not been destroyed without efforts having been made by Canada to prevent it. Canada throughout has stood for conservation. She has put forth earnest and conscientious efforts to conserve the supply and to prevent depletion. Her reeord is clear and unmistakable. She failed because she did not have jurisdiction over the entire system. She alone could not provide adequate protection, but she did all that was possible under the’ circumstances. As already shown commercial fishing for sockeye salmon began in Canadian waters in 1876, under the general fishery regulations of the Dominion. In 1878 Canada passed an Order-in-Couneil providing that ‘Drifting with salmon nets shall be confined to tidal waters.’’ and ‘‘that drift-nets for salmon shall not June, 1920. wt at stream,’’ and further that “‘ fishing for salmon shall ‘discontinued from 8 a.m. Saturdays to midnight Sundays.’’ All fishing in her waters has been ander license and none but bone fide resident fishermen have been permitted to fish. In 1889 the Dominion fishery regulations for Bri- tish Columbia were amended to provide that ‘‘the Minister of Marine and Fisheries shall from time to time determine the number of boats, seines or nets or other fishing apparatus to be used in any waters of itish Columbia,’’ and all the provisions of the regu- tions of 1878 were continued. In 1894 the order was _ further amended to include the provision that ‘‘the meshes of nets for catching salmon other than spring salmon, in tidal waters shall not be less than 5% inches extension measure and shall be used only be- tween the first day of July and the twenty-fifth day of August and between the twenty-fifth day of Sep- tember and the thirty-first day of October.’’ Canada has maintained closed seasons in her waters ever since In recent years the weekly closed time has been ex- _ tended and the fishing limits further restricted. During the period that sockeye fishing was con- fined to Canadian waters alone, it is a matter of re- cord that the catch did not in any one year produce a pack in excess of 300,000 cases, representing a catch of less than four million sockeye, and that during that period Canada hatched and planted in the Fraser twenty-five millions of sockeye fry. - Canada began the propagation of sockeye in the ‘Fraser in 1885 with the establishment of a hatchery at Bon Accord. Between 1900 and 1907 Canada built five hatcheries on the Fraser having a capacity of one hundred and ten million sockeye eggs, and she has since built two auxiliary stations. The hatcheries built in 1901 at Shuswap and in 1903 at Seton Lake, have been closed since 1914, because a sufficient num- ber of eggs to warrant operations could not be col- leeted from the tributaries of those lakes. With the - the exception of the years of the big run the hatcheries on the Fraser River have never been filled beyond thirty per cent of their capacity sinee 1905, because eggs to fill them were unobtainable. Canada organized a patrol force the Fraser in 1878 and her waters have been effectively policed every year since. Canada inaugurated a method for the inspection of the spawning area of the Fraser River basin in 1901, and has annually conducted such investigations every year since. Dr. C. H. Gilbert, of Stanford Univer- sity, in one of his maay valuable papers on the salmon isheries of the Fraser says of this work—*No other sockeye stream has received such close and diserim.- nating study. Annual inspection has been made of the spawning beds of the entire watershed, and predictions of the runs for years hence have been fearlessly made. It is a matter of record how consistently these pro- phecies have been fulfilled.’’ The reports that spawning: beds since 1901 have been the basis of Canada’s contentions. Following the disclosures made in the reports from the spawning beds in 1902, 1903 and 1904, that there had been a gn ‘reduction in the numbers of sockeye that 103 reached the beds in those years, and with theknowledge that the catches in those years were also far less than in the preceeding four years, Canada laid the facts before the Governor of the State of Washington, and obtained the appointment of a joint commission to investigate conditions affecting the salmon fishery of the Fraser River system. That commission, consisting of five representatives from the State of Washington and five from Canada, reported that the runs of sockeye to the system in the small years had been seriously depleted by excessive fishing and were in danger of being destroyed, and recommended that all fishing for sock- eye in both State and Provincial waters be suspended during the years of 1906 and 1908. It was believed by the Commissioners that by prohibiting fishing in those years, the runs four years later would be re- stored to their former proportions. Canada accepted the finding of that commission and at once passed an Order-in-Council prohibiting sockeye fishing in 1906 and 1908, provided the State of Washington passed a similar Act prohibiting fishing in her waters. A bill to that effect was rejected by the Washington Legislative in 1906. Consequently Canada recalled her order, and fishing was conducted in both those years with renewed vigor and with disastrous effect. The eatches were smaller and the spawning beds less seeded. Following the failure of the State of Washington to adopt the measure Canada turned for help to the — Federal Government at Washington, D.C., and secured the appointment in 1907 of an international commis- sion to enquire into conditions in the Fraser River system. After a year of investigation that commission unanimously recommended, as necessary to prevent further depletion, the adoption of joint and uniform regulations restricting fishing. A treaty embodying its recommendations was drawn and signed in Wash- ington in 1908, by Great Britain for Canada, and by the President of the United States. Senate rejected it, Therefore fishing was continued as before and, al- though the amount of gear was greatly increased, the catches in the small years continued to decrease, and the reports from the spawning beds grew even more alarming. The progressive decline in the catch in the small years, and the disastrous effect of the blockade in the Fraser channel at Hell’s Gate in 1913, caused Canada to again renew her overtures to the United States Government for the adoption of remedial mea- sures. In 1917 Canada and the United States created a joint International Fishery Commission to deal with the subject. Following an extended investigation that Commission, like the commission of 1906 and 1908, unanimously found that the situation was critical, and recommend joint action on the part of Canada and the United States. Subsequently a treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., in 1919. Canada at once ap- proved the treaty. That treaty now awaits the ac- tion of the Senate of the United States, Canada stands today, as she has stood since the be- ginning, ready to adopt any measures which promise . to restore the runs of sockeye to the Fraser River system, She can accomplish nothing without the co- operation of the United States. Neither Canada nor the United States acting singly can provide measures that will ensure restoration in fishing.. 104 CANADIAN Deplorable as the conditions on the Fraser system are, the runs of sockeye can be restored by coneurrent action on the part of Canada and the United States. It has been shown that in the big years 1901, 1905, 1909 and 1913 the Fraser River system produced an average of 1,927,602 cases of sockeye, and at the same time afforded an ample supply to seed all of the spawning beds. The average catch of the four big years named may again be taken whenever the beds are again as abundantly seeded as they were in the brood years that produced those big runs, The spawn- ing area of the Fraser basin has not been lessened or damaged in any way. Its spawning beds are as ex- tensive and as suitable for salmon propagation as they ever were. Its lake waters are as abundantly filled as ever with the natural food for the development of young sockeye, and the channels of the Fraser are open and free to the passage of fish. All that is re- quired to reproduce the great runs of former years is to seed the spawning beds as abundantly as they were formerly seeded. The runs of sockeye of the Fraser cannot be restored in any other way. The spawning area of the Fraser requires no ex- penditure of money to bring it into bearing. If per- mitted to reach the beds in sufficient numbers the fish will seed them, their young will feed themeselves, furnish their own transportation to and from their feeding grounds in the open sea. If permitted to do so the fish will do all the work necessary to produce a catch worth thirty million dollars a year. All that is necessary is for the Governments of Canada and the United States to adopt measures which will afford a free passage through their waters to a sufficient num- ber of sockeye to seed the spawning beds. There is no mistaking Canada’s position in this matter. She is willing and anxious to do anything ne- cessary to restore the greatest salmon fishery the world has known. FISHERMAN The CHAIRMAN: Mr. Babeock’s paper is now open for consideration and discussion, gentlemen, We have a lengthy programme before us. Has anyone any questions to ask, or is there any discussion? If not, I will ask for volunteers to move and second a vote of thanks to Mr. Babcock for his contribution. Mr| A. S. Arkley: Moves a vote of thanks to Mr. 24 Babcock for his able paper as read. LT..-COL. CUNNINGHAM: I have pleasure seconding the resolution which has been moved. It« a paper which I think will not allow of much dis sion. There is nothing to discuss. The facts h been very plainly, clearly and concisely .set fo Those who have followed the sockeye run to the Fraser River know that the statement of Mr. Babcock’s is absolutely correct. The sockeye run to the Fraser River has been, unfortunately, greatly depleted, and it will take very drastic action to bring it back ag It can be brought back but it will require the co-oy ation of the Government of the State of Washing’ Cannerymen, fishermen and everyone interested in the fishing of sockeye in the Fraser River. I have ; very much pleasure in seconding the motion of than k (Applause). tives here foam the United States, we would sug to them that they make strong - recommesdibiaen Washington to co-operate with us in order to é some cure of this alarming situation. F R. E, CLANTON, Master Fish Warden, State Oregon. Shows moving reel of fish culture. — The CHAIRMAN: The subject of Mr. Clan paper is ‘‘Fish Culture with special reference t feeding and holding of sockeyes.’’ a subject of | interest to many people present. Mr. Clant Master Fish Warden for the State of Oregon. | ask Mr, Clanton to come forward and. deliver paper. cme Fish Culture, with Special Reference to the Feeding and Holding of Sockeyes | By R. E. CLANTON, Master Fish Warden, State of Oregon. I want to apologize to this Convention, Mr. Presi- dent and gentlemen, first, for the reason that I have not prepared a paper. I will explain the reason, however. Immediately upon receiving the commu- nieation from your Secretary, I was called on an in- spection trip to the eastern part of our state, and did not return until a few hours prior to start- ing on this trip to attend your convention. How- ever, I have a few notes and will endeavour to speak from them for a few minutes, and trust I may be able to say something which will be of interest to you. Prior to 1910 the hatching system of Oregon was earried on under what we now term as the old system; the young fry being hatched out and many of them turned out with the yolk-saes attached. Some, how- ever, were held in the troughs. The records show that very often there have been upwards of sixty million young salmon turned out annually. I am speaking of the chinook salmon, but notwiths the great number of high graded salmon, the is going down from year to year. The men in 1 fishing industry at that time were disgusted — operations, and it was freely stated that the sie industry of the Columbia was a thing of the past= that their investment had become of no value. I came to the position of Warden not knowing much a the subject, and TI consulted with some of the | ing packers with Mr. Warren and others, who ¥ mee as some of our leading fish packers; . Warren told me at the time—he said: “Tt ree for a change in the system. We have discussing this matter and we have concluded that are getting no benefits from our hatcheries, and th is an opportune time, you being sent in charge of t office, to inaugurate a new system.’’ His advice was, as well as that of others interested, to feed the spawn. me assistance. The cannerymen had a meeting and ided that they would raise a certain amount of ids in order to establish a feed-pond system. This as done in the fall of 1910. With the money thus provided we built what we at that time thought was avery good pond—or channels it might be called. They were constructed out of wood, and tarred with isphalt. They held the water fairly well; but after ponds were completed, it beeame apparent that we n’t hold enough, in fact only a small percentage iat we had in the hatchery. But walking in the bank 1 noticed there was a stream from the supply, and it dawned on me that I might be to utilize that for the purpose of making ponds. work was taken up, and ponds built; and that the starting of our pond system in Oregon. We @ not approve of concrete or wooden ponds. Our sience has taught us that better results could be y keeping as close to nature as possible. From ‘time we proceeded to instal our ponds in all of hatcheries. We decided not to hatch more fish the capacity of our retaining ponds. If more h came up than we could handle and feed they were ad. That system has been improved upon very since it was first started. I must confess that y mistakes were made in the beginning; but from to year profited by the mistakes which had ‘made, and until today I think we can safely say our retaining pond system is a success. as stated a while ago, the natural pond has yroven to be the most successful. In the feed pond system there are several features that must be iken into consideration. First, we must have plenty er—adequate water supply. The ponds must 0 constructed so that they can be cleaned, and t in a sanitary condition. Sanitary conditions obtain at all times. Now you will observe from picture the operation of our feeding system. These ; were one of our best systems; since, we have led others greater in extent than those. But nuch as you have seen the operation of these, I leave it to you. We have succeeded in feeding p0k salmon to the extent of five millions for ten hs in this system of ponds. As I stated, that is one of our pond systems. We have in the Colum- bia River district for the past five or six years retain- d and fed approximately fifteen million chinook sal- _ The average age of the salmon before libera- in the last five years have been seven months. No ish are turned out intentionally; however, sometimes will escape through into the streams through the carelessness of employees; but our intention is ‘o n all the fish; they must be fed until they are yur months, and from that up to a year, as the cap- ‘ity of the ponds will permit. id from experience that the most diffienlt part of problem was the feeding; to properly feed them. ir first experience we would have trouble with . One pond after another would show indi- f going bad, as we termed it. There was e worry, of course, but we didn’t know trouble was; and we perhaps would put more 105 water through the ponds, and feed more, and feed less, as the case might be. But, from experimentation, we found that it was necessary to feed them properly— that a certain amount of care, like a baby perhaps, or a small animal, must be given attention during the time it is very small. So from experience we learned to feed our fish the proper amount daily; and some- times, when they were very small, fed them several times a-day as they might require. We also found later on that it was necessary in most cases to rotate the food; in other words, to change the rations. A little later on I will explain to you what food we fed. We found by feeding one kind of food day after day, that the fish did not do well; in other words, it had a disastrous effect in many instances. But, as I stated, we later on learned that the fish should be fed a certain amount; and I think we can safely say now that we have solved that problem. In our department it requires about 200 tons an- nually of feed to feed the fish in our state. In the beginning this was a large problem, inasmuch as it was thought it would not be possible to secure sufficient food with the funds available. But we found that we could get, first, smelts, which run in great abund- ance in the tributaries of the Columbia, at small cost. These smelt were put in cold storage, and held until they were needed at the hatcheries. We found by feeding with these smelts continually we did not get the best results, although in some instances some of our ponds were giving us no trouble. Later on we found at this time we were throwing out and burying our salmon that was taken at the spawning time. In experimentation we found that this salmon could be converted into food. In places where we could dry them, they were dried and smoked. We would em- ploy Indians to do this until we had some men of our own who could handle that. food, they were soaked in water. On the coast we found it was impossible to dry them on account of climatic conditions; so we proceeded to dry them in tanks. We got good results from the salt salmon fed in rotation with other food. The supply of salt sal- mon, with big fish, we have made it a practice to mix in mush or some wet. product. We found it was im- possible’ to get fish in one place, so one of our men decided to experiment with milk food. There was a cheese factory close to the hatchery at this point, and he found by experiment, that it was a great success. That is one food we did not need to rotate. At this one hatchery we have fed this food for nine or ten years, and the fish do as well as at any other station. Later on, I discovered that we could utilize the spent salmon, we began to experiment with the Sandmaids. Those proved to be the best food of all. The fisher- men would gather them for us and supply them in bags, and in many eases ship them to us. The Sand- maid, as I say, proved to be a good’ food, rotating with other food, or with smelts, as it was found necessary. Within the last year, to be exact, I have succeeded in making a contract with one of our big packing plants to get delivery of dogs and smelts. This I am getting for $50 a ton, and we consider it a very cheap food to rotate with the other foods I have mentioned. Now, I will again state that the amount of food fed is ap- proximately 200 tons a year. This food. is prepared’ by grinders, the power furnished in many instances by water wheels built by the men at the station at a very small cost. This 200 tons of food must necessarily be If they were desired for — 106 CANADIAN thrown out with a spoon. Perhaps it would appear to you to be a big undertaking, but, nevertheless, the fish are fed in this way, and the entire amount is fed to the fish with spoons. Now I have covered the retain- ing of fish. Perhaps I have omitted something, and as has been said, that I am particularly speaking about sockeye. I will say that our experience with sockeye has been somewhat varied. In 1909 my predecessor in office made arrangements with the bureau of fish- eries to take eggs from the Ketchikan hatchery and hatch them and care for them with the hope of get- ting sockeye or bluebacks, hoping to get the run back in the Columbia River, which had been practically depleted at that time. About a million and a half of eggs, I think, were taken to the Booneville hatchery at Booneville. Those fish were there when I took pos- session of the plant. A portion of them were kept and fed that Fall until possibly Christmas. I cannot remember at this time how they were liberated. As I recall, the understanding with the Bureau of Fish- eries was that the experiment should be carried on for a period of four years. The fish that resulted from the 1909 was turned out in the Fall of 1910. We continued to bring the eggs down, but in the meantime some of our canneries and others interested in the fishing began to frown upon the idea of trying to get the Alaska salmon started in the Columbia River. We _eontined, however, to put these sockeye eggs and hold them for a period of three, four and five months, and then turn them out, as we needed the room for the chinook salmon. So far as I was concerned, I had no conviction on the matter, but in as much as we had entered into an agreement with the United States Bureau of Fisheries, I thought it was necessary to carry it out, and so I continued this up until 1913, and in 1914 we had reports from the fish that was turned out in 1911, or the four-year fish, the eggs being taken in 1910. The fish interests immediately changed their ideas and insisted upon us going into the matter more thoroughly, and in as much as there wasn’t any funds available at that time, they , pro- ceeded to raise $5,000, and continued to bring down the sockeyes, as we had obtained results from the fish that was taken out in 1911. We continued, and in- ereased the hatch to 2,000,000. The eggs coming down in 1914, and under the advice of Dr. Gilbert of Stanford University, who worked with us on all fish questions and gave us his advice when we asked him, we held a portion of ‘this fish in a lake of about one acre in area, and they were held until 1916; that is, a portion was held. We didn’t know the amount of fish that we had. We had an excessive snowstorm during the winter prior to this time, and a good many of the fish were allowed to escape. In fact the water ran over our stream for two weeks. We found in the Spring that there were a good number of these fish, averaging in size about five inches. Under the doe- tor’s advice, 50,000 of these sockeye were marked. They were turned out in some abandoned points, tri- butaries to the river, a drift having formed below. I might add that they were taken out during my absence from the station, and were emptied above this ridge. Dr. Rich of Stanford University found that a number of the fish hadn’t been able to get out, so that we had to release most of them, But during this period of. time, I think a great number of them had been taken by the fishermen, because Booneville is close to the hatchery and is visited by many people. FISHERMAN So I think it is safe to say that not over 40,000 of these fish escaped into the river. Dr. Rich worked under the supervision of the Bureau of Fisheries and carried on investigations along the river, at the dif- ferent canneries, throughout the run of the fish, and he estimates that we got back about five per cent of I feel almost sure that there was _ the marked fish. a bigger return than that which came into the river, because I had at one time said to me that seventy-five fish had been seen in one day. ward of 25 cents apiece for the fish, and IT had to send out telegrams to the hatcheries and seining grounds to stop it, because they were swamping us. So I think I can safely say we had five per cent re- turned. The fish were in excellent shape. But they were held in this pond without food for about five weeks before they were turned out into the river to migrate to the ocean. Some were turned out below this pond, but as to the number, I am not able to say. While carrying on this experiment we found we had fairly good results in holding sockeye in this small stream. You must understand our work principally has been with the chinook salmon. We have a num- ber of ponds, but I was advised by our Department to pay more attention to the chinook salmon, which wa= valued more than the sockeye. Dr. Rich went up the following Spring and turned out some of the sockeye in the river through arrange- ments made with people who handled the power plant. He agreed to leave their power gates cpen for a short time. Last year they showed good results from the liberation of those fish. Previous years there has been no sockeves in the river. Last year there were pos- sibly 7.000 or 8,000 went back un the river nearly 4,- 000 miles from the mouth of the Columbia to the place where they had been held, or to the lake. and were kept and shown there on exhibition. Great interest was shown by the older citizens in these fish. That is virtually our experience up as far as the reports of our work in this connection. Bunt in the Fall of 1918, the eggs were brought down again, and the beginning of last year they were taken . to the feed ponds. We determined to give them a trial. and we decided to allow half of the pond room to the sockeyes there and half to the chinooks. These fish were held until the beginning of this year, when they June, 1920. I had offered a re- A number | of these were taken and placed in a pond in a town. ~ Jf ee Se: a ae i | en nf) exe © ee ene ee ee were marked and liberated. DISCUSSION ON PROF. GILL’S AND PROF. ae COBB’S ADDRESS. MR. JOHN KYLE: Mr. Chairman and. gentlemen, vould like to have the privilege of expressing my ure of listening to the papers by Mr. Doyle and essor Cobb, and also to Professor Gill, and assure that any idea which the fisheries people have in rting a school here for the consideration of sub- pertaining to vocational training, will have the st support of the Provincial Government—the and sympathy of the Provincial Government. man here doubted the necessity or value of a or school, surely the remarks made by Mr. are sufficient to remove such doubts. It was food when the Americans entered the war and the large loan which was the largest loan up time that had been floated, and they found _ Our fathers have handed to us a certain heri- - trained and knows what it means to be citizens’ 133 themselves face to face with principal and interest, face to face with a debt which would entail payment of $100,000 per day, the business men of America, fin- anciers, and men responsible for the repayment of this debt, considered matters and came to the decision that if this debt was to be paid it would have to be paid by superior workmanship. Superior minds being brought to bear on the work and problems of their country and they immediately appeal for superior education. If the members of the Canadian Fisheries Association wish to help their industry it will be absolutely necessary to adopt some educational me- thods of training that will produce better results. The people must be better trained. I agree with Professor Gill that to put the age at twenty years is really too late in the day. Whether those schools will be run in connection with the British Columbia University, or in connection with the Technical School, which has still to be built, is a question which I won’t touch up- on. But I would like to finish my remarks by asking a question of Professor Cobb, and that is: “‘What do they charge for fees for the short course and four years’ course in the university of Washington ?’’ PROFESSOR COBB: I may state first in regard to the twenty years age limit, we found we had to put some .figure; we had to have some limit. We did not want to receive any child of fourteen years of age. No child of that age is competent to go in there to start on the fisheries course. Unfortunately, there is that gap between fourteen and twenty. ‘We consider it is up to the educational authorities of the country to bring them to us with a seasoned mind, ready to start in; and we thought twenty would be a very good time. We were also up against this proposition, that the High School boys who ought to be finishing up, developed an alarming desire to switch over to us. That was the sole reason for fixing it at twenty. But . where we find a boy comes along who has been work- ing along with the business in any shape or form or manner and has the ability, we will take him in, no matter what his age is; but to open it indiscriminately to boys under twenty years of age would be a mis- take. The long course you come in and get your de- gree of Bachelor of Science at the end of the course. As to the charges, on the short course, I had visions at one time that the College of Fisheries was going to create quite a nice little fund, but unfortunately the legal fraternity put the skids on us. In other words, the legislature passed a law exempting return- ed soldiers from fees at the university. Now the in- tention of the legislature undoubtedly was to exempt them from fees in all except the short courses, but the legal department said that they were not going to make any close construction of that law, so all the re- turned soldiers paid no fees. Now, the regular fee is ten dollars per quarter. That goes to what. is known as the building fund. It was put on at the re- quest of the students themselves. Before that they did not pay anything, except their regular student fee to their standing organization. TI think one-half of them last quarter were returned soldiers. Now the department also informed me—the Legal Department, that all our allies came in under that same provision. That means that Canadians and everybody else comes in under that provision of paying nothing but the ten dollars. The CHATRMAN: Gentlemen, the hour is getting late. We do not want you to leave. We have a few 134 CANADIAN FISHERMAN announcements to make. I am going to ask Professor Gill to accept from me and all of us present our very best thanks for his courtesy as well as for the splen- did address he has given us. (Applause.) Now, Dr. McLean Fraser will you be good enough to move a re- solution of thanks to Professor Cobb. DR. McLEAN FRASER: I am glad to see that Mr. Cobb does things in the orthodox way. Apparently the College of Fisheries at the University was kept quiet for a year. A good deal has been said about the short courses, and perhaps a great number of you think the short courses are probably the most inter- esting. In a paper that has been read with regard to the work of the International Fisheries Council, the necessity for a number of trained scientific men in business was very much emphasized. We are short of such men, very short,. One of the main reasons as I see it is, that very few young men care to go into such work, because of the present time there is no very definite outlook that they will be able to make a living at it in future years. If a College of Fisheries is started in this province there is almost an absolute assurance thtat any graduate who had taken the four year course in any branch of the fisheries will be able to get a position that will afford him a good living. The sooner we get such an institution here the better. As far as the situation here is concerned I think what Mr. Cobb said about Seattle will apply here. The site where the university will be situated is just as favorable as the University of Washington. It has the Fraser Valley at its back, and the sea water at its front. We were very much plased to hear from Colonel Gill the technical end of it, and the assurance from Mr. Kyle that the Provincial Government are in- terested in doing everything they possibly can. I have pleasure in moving a vote of thanks to Mr. Cobb. MR. SHORT: I am sure we are all. very much obliged to Professor. Cobb who has taken such an active inter- est in all our discussions. I hope the time is not-far distant, sir, when Canada will have a technical cvl- lege for our fisheries. There is no question in the world but what we need it very much; and I trust in meantime that our young men will take advantage of the offer of Professor Cobb as thrown out to us, and especially our returned soldiers where they can go and take that short course on the same basis as our friends in Seattle can. The GHAIRMAN: There are two papers which we will not have time to hear. With the consent of those present we will let those papers stand as read. The paper by Mr. Burke, on ‘‘Some Reasons why British Columbia Raw Salmon Should be Manufactured ai Home,’’ also an address by Mr. DuBois Phillips on ‘A few Points on Marine Insurance.’’ MR. BURDIS: I regret that we do not discuss in our convention meetings the question of a government of our fisheries, at least, in so far as the Province of ah Mi { "Mi iyi a) i ci fe Mil 7 *) 14h, i Nw ijl! i! wi ly I will ask Mr. June, 1920. British Columbia is concerned, by a local board, or a board of control, or whatever term may be applied to it. The CHAIRMAN: I may say Mr. Burdis that that question was before us, and Mr. Doyle was asked to prepare a paper on the ‘subject, and likewise Mr. Dar- win. Mr. Darwin thought that a paper on Interna- tional Treaties and State Agreements, and Mr. Doyle thought that a paper on Geese and the Golden Eggs might be equally interesting, and we accepted those subjects from those gentlemen; and while it is to be regretted that we could not have a paper on that sub- ject, I think that all present will agree with me that the papers that were selected by Messrs. Darwin and Doyle were most interesting, and probably as interest- ing and instructive as if a paper had been devoted to that subject by either of them. Another point about the administration of our business at Ottawa. This Association had something of importanee to announce, but for technical reasons we are unable to do so. Bur Brittain to read you a little item from the paper. PRESIDENT BRITTAIN: As forecasted in my an- nual report in connection with the administration of ‘the Fisheries at Ottawa, I am glad to announce that a despatch has come through reading as follows: ‘‘Ot- tawa Order-in-Council presented this week provides for transfer of Fisheries Department, to Department of Marine, and alss for that the General Superinten- dent of Fisheries, shall in future be entitled assistant deputy-minister of Fisheries.”’ I think, gentlemen, that that announcement is one step in the right direction. At our last annual meet- ing we passed a resolution in connection with the se- gregation of our fisheries from the Naval Service, and according to this article and information that we cun gather from time to time it was considered perhaps the most advisable way to put the department of fish- eries into the marine and where it rightly belongs, if it could not be entirely segregated as a different de- partment: That is one step forward in the way we are aiming. I hope that before very long that the fruits of our work will be productive in enabling us to have a Deputy Minister of Fisheries in addition to an assistant deputy. It is the thin end of the wedge at at the present moment. The CHAIRMAN: Our 6pen sessions are now at a close; and just prior to adjournment I want to an- nounce that the Executive of the Association have in- vited today to luncheon all of the members of the Association. The lunch is now ready, and the members will now repair to the Rose Room as the guests of the Executive of the Canadian Fisheries Association. Before rising I wish to say that the business session which begins at 2.30 this afternoon is for members only as you will see by the programme. The end of our Convention will be a formal banquet at 7 p.m. e, 1920. It probably is not generally realised that there is © industry so dependent on floating equipment as the heries, or that there is no other industry im whose evelopment floating equipment of so many and such e types have been involved. It is practically the only business in which vessels are a necessity to production as well as for trans- portation purposes. . The placing of oil on the market has called for the development of ome specialized type of ship con- struction—the oil tanker; the meat trade has de- veloped the refrigerated steamer—the grain business jis responsible for the evolution of a special type for service on the Great Lakes; for the carrying of gen- eral merchandize, one general type, the tramp steamer has been deemed sufficient; the coal trade is respon- ' sible for the collier; passenger traffic has made necessary the liner; the pulp and paper industry jis about to produce a type of vessel of its own; but in connection with the Fisheries no less than six dif- fering types of vessel construction are in service in Canadian waters, not for purposes of transportation, is are the special trade types above refered to, but for the far more vital purpose of production. _ Yet, notwithstanding its essential and primary im- portance, the development of fishing craft has not een fostered with the same care which has been grant- ed to other aspects of the industry. In too many in- stances the fishing boat is the property, solely or joint- ly of ome or of a small group of fishermen, who not having the capital to obtain what is best, get rather the least equipment that will answer the purpose. The merchant buys the fish so produced, but whether it is obtained through wasteful or economical methods is of little moment to him. It is high time that fishing vessels should be owned and operated by those who are in a position, to experiment if need be, but to obtain the most economical means of producing amd delivering the catch. _ It would have been fitting to refer to the principal _ characteristics of the various types of fishing vessels in common use, but time forbids, and there are no doubt many here who are more familiar with them than the writer. Reference must not be omitted - however to one development of recemt years which is gathering momentum all the time. I refer to the growing use of the internal combustion engine. If there is one way in which the Pacific Fisherman has _ got ahead of his Atlantic Brother it is in his wholesale adoption of the motor for motive power. In the East, sail area and fine yachty limes with accompanying nm ballast and reduced carrying capacity prevail, d while some vessels condescend to hoist up their sails, or work into harbor on a calm day by the aid of the oil engine, the march of mechanical falls far short of the attainments of the west, where the term ‘“‘Auxiliary’’ has taken on a new meaning, and instead of the motor being the auxiliary motive _ power, it is the sails which are fulfilling this funetion, all routine cruising being carried out ‘‘under power.” On the surface, propulsion by sails might appear to ve the most economical, but that is where it begins CANADIAN FISHERMAN propulsion © - Floating Equipment and Its Relation to Industry By WALTER LAMBERT, M.L.N.A, (Hon. Naval Architect, Canadian Fisheries Association). (Paper Prepared for C. F, A. Convention). and fimishes. A British Government Committee ap- pointed during the war period to supervize motor in- stallations in fishing vessels state in the report ‘‘the installation of a motor in a sailing boat at least doubles the productivity of each unit of man power engaged.’’ Power enables a boat to reach the fishing grounds when a sailing boat is idle, to travel in a calm, or on a course that wind and tide forbid to sails, to bring in a cateh without waiting for a wind; power makes the fisherman’s life less labourious, it-economises in man power, and prolongs the period of industry for older men. On the West Coast, the marine motor is a settled factor in Fisheries development, and though you have recently experienced trouble and annoyance through the withdrawal of distillate, which so many of the local makers of engines are designed to consume, you are satisfied that the sail era is over so far as your activities are concerned. The only consistent reason accounting for the wide discrepancy of methods in East and West is in the fact above referred to, namely that the ownership lies in the majority of instances with the men and not with the pricipals, older methods were initiated and handed down from generation to generation with consequent development in degree but mot in type. Once your principals take a hand in the game and give it the same scientific and businesslike attention which is given to the catch after it is landed, these present divergent methods of production of Bast and West will disappear. It being apparent that future changes in propulsion of fishing craft will be in the direction of elimination of sails and substitution of machinery, it will perhaps be profitable to investigate the differing modes of mechanical propulsion in reference to their suitability to the various common types of fishing vessels. For vessels smaller than trawlers, the steam engine with attendant boiler and auxiliary machinery, is out of the question for future vessels. The first cost operating costs, and maintenance charges are all high, while this type of machinery accounts for a very large proportion of the available weight and space in small eraft. It is true that almost all fish tugs on the Great Lakes use this system of propulsion but they are placed very umfavourably in the light of pos- sible competition utilizing more economical methods. For the small vessel therefore, the internal com- bustion engine is the present logical motive power, but as this type comprises several varying species it is desirable to classify them as follows according to the grade of fuel they use: ° : Ist Gasoline. 2nd Kerosine. 3rd Distillate. 4th Heavy or Fuel Oil. Of these, the first may be practically eliminated except in the few instances when a very low powered installation is required, and for only occasional use. Its chief recommendations are cheap first cost and lightness, but the price of gasoline, now and contem- plated, renders it commercially impracticable of adop- 136 tion in competition with engines using a cheaper grade of fuel. Also, gasoline engines, as a class, are not built to withstamd the continuous heavy treatment usually meted out to commercial installations. The fisheries still comprise Newfoundland’s basie industry and during 1919 the total value of fishery pro- duets was $32,792,271 as compared with $25,547,334 in the previous year. The year was a poor one for the fisheries on the whole, despite the inereased re- venue derived from them, and many seal, lobster and herring fishers suffered heavy losses. Due more to the increased prices of commodities than to an increase in actual trades, the figures for the exports and imports of the island have inereased Net increase in import trade, 1914 to 1919, inclusive .. .. .. .. ..$17,284,819 Net increase in export trade, 1914, to 1919 inclusive .. . . 22,111,727 Net inerease in import trade for the same period .. .. .. .. .. .. 16,284,819 Total net increase Dominion’s trade —Financial Post, July 9 t re ee Sate ne Te a eT el di ite CANADIAN. FISHERMAN 141 (Prepared for C. Some Points on ‘‘Marine’’ Insurance B. DUBOIS PHILLIPS, MGR. DALE & CO. ; ws VANCOUVER By F. A. Convention). I have been asked to address you to-day on the sub- ject of ‘‘Marine’’ Insurance, and I must admit I am ¢onsiderably diffident in doing so, as I feel that in speaking to the representatives of one of the basic dustries, at any rate of this part of the Continent, am talking to men who, in the nature of things, and in view of the fact that ‘‘Marine’’ Insurance is ‘one of the necessities of their business, are fully con- versant with this subject. _ J assume, however, that possibly there are some gen- tlemen here whose knowledge of ‘‘Marine’’ Insurance is equal to my own knowledge of the Canning Indus- try. I am aware that there are large quantities of salmon on this coast, and I also know that I can go to any store and buy canned salmon, but I am, unfortunately, ignorant of the process by which the _ salmon reaches its half-pound tin. Similarly, I feel that some of you, whilst you know that your vessels and your shipments are covered by ‘‘Marine’’ In- surance, may not be aware of the actual application of the terms under which they are covered, and methods of adjustments in cases of loss. I do not propose to deal with the history of ‘‘Mar- ” Insurance, except to say that as you all know is the oldest form of Insurance known. The form of policy, so far as hulls are concerned, is, generally speaking, the original form drawn up by Lloyds about the year 1555. To the ordinary man of the street it is somewhat in the nature of a Chinese puzzzle, and opprobrious epithets have been cast at t from time to time by our leading judges. It may be asked why, following the evolution of modern industry, has this form not been changed, and _ the wording so altered that it can be readily under- _ stood? The answer seems to be that it is better to let well alone and to realize that by a long series of legal decisions, the meaning of practically every word and _ phrase in the original form has been fixed, and if a _ new form were brought out, it might only be the means of putting more money in the lawyers’ pockets. I once read in the ‘‘Saturday Evening Post’’ an ex- _ planation by Mr. Will Payne, of a ‘‘Marine’’ policy, and it struck me as being very much to the point. It - runs as follows: _ ‘No doubt, trying sophomorical experiments in shipping legislation would strike the British marine mind as a sort of temporal sacrilege; for that mind is a highly conservative institution. When Christopher Columbus was in swaddling clothes some adventurous countrymen of his had drifted up to London, where they introduced the art of finance. One branch of the art consisted of insuring ships, that be- ing a much older form of insurance than either life or ire. It is said to have been practiced in the twelfth eentury, and I believe there is extant an English policy dated 1555. Now the standard insurance policy yn a ship today is substantially in the same form the mbards drew up in the middle ages. Having a - thing that works satisfactorily the British see no rea- son to change it. **Lloyd’s, where much of the world’s Marine Insur- ance is written and which for generations has been al- most a synonym for shipping the world over, de- rives its name from an eating house which one Ed- ward Lloyd conducted in Tower Street in the days when docks were unknown and ships used to lie in the Thames, off the Tower of London. ‘“‘This singular insurance policy, as used today, be- gins with the capital letters S.G. in the upper left- hand corner. Nobody knows what the letters signify. Some think they stand for ‘‘Ships and Goods,’’ while other learned persons incline to the opinion that they mean Salutis Gratia. But they are very good letters, doing no harm, and nobody would think of leaving them off. The policy proceeds to declare that insur- ance is given—upon any kind of goods and merchan- dise, and also upon the body tackle, apparel, ordnance, munition, artillery boat, and other furniture of and in the ship or vessel called the—whereof is Master, un- der God—or whosoever else shall go for Master in the said ship, or by whatsoever other name or names the said ship and the Master thereof is or shall be named or called. “And so on. As a matter of fact, the blank for the name of the ‘‘Master, under God,’’ is never filled in nowadays; but nobody would think of leaving the blank out of the policy. Farther along, the policy reads: ‘‘Touching the adventures and perils which we, the assurers, are contented to bear and do take upon us in this voyage, they are, of the seas, men of war, fire, enemies, pirates, rovers, thieves, jettisons, letters of mart and countermart, surprisals, takings at sea, ar- rests, restraints and detainments of all kings and prinees and people of what nation. condition or quality soever, barratry of the master and marines, and of all other perils, losses and misfortunes that have or shall come to the hurt, detriment or damage of the said goods and merchandises and ship. That would appear to cover every possible damage oceurring through an act of war; but, in fact, no dam- age occurring through an act of war is covered by the insurance. They leave all the foregoing rigmarole in the policy and then cancel it by adding in red ink that all consequences of warlike operations are except- ed. But the moment there is a threat of war—to say nothing of war itself—shipowner and shipper want vessel and cargo insured against the war risk. So they pay an extra premium and the red ink clause, which cancels the old clause, is struck out by drawing a line through it. That seems a somewhat clumsy way to go about it, but it works very satisfactorily. “Something over a hundred and fifty years ago iconoclastic hands were raised to amend the ancient and sacrosanct form of a Lloyd’s Insurance Policy ; not, you understand, incorporated in the body of the 142 CANADIAN policy—iconoclasm itself would not go that far—but tacked on at the bottom, below the signatures. This portentous innovation reads as follows :— ’ “N.B—Corn, fish, fruit, flour and seed are war- ranted free from average, unless general, or the ship be stranded; sugar, tobacco, hemp, flax, hides and skins are warranted free from average under five pounds per cent; and all other goods, also the ship and freight, are warranted free from average under three pounds per cent, unless general, or the ship be stranded. “That sounds like an exercise in composition by Class ‘‘B’’ in a lunatic asylum, and it means substan- tially that the underwriters refuse to recognize petty damage claims arising under certain conditions.’ In order to bring the few remarks I have to make more clearly before you, I am going to assume that a cannery is to be built somewhere up the coast, and try and see what form of insurance would be re- quired, and what protection the cannery owner would have under this insurance. In the first place the ma- : terials would have to be assembled for the building of the cannery. A large portion of these would prob- ably be shipped from Vancouver, and it is more than likely that such items as lumber and the heavier ma- chinery would be sent up by scows. The cover which is usually granted to cargo on scows, is against the risk of total loss of the entire shipment only, as ‘underwriters feel that it is too haz- _ardous a risk to enable them to insure against partial loss. This wider form of insurance, however, can be obtained but naturally at a considerably higher rate. Let us assume that the remainder of the materials required are sent up by steamer; these would be in- sured under what is known as an ‘‘F. P. A.”’ policy, which is the most common form of ‘‘Marine’’ insur- ance on cargo, and possibly the least understood. The letters ‘‘F.P.A.’’ mean ‘‘Free from Particular Aver- age,’’ (the word average signifying loss). The ‘‘F. P. A.’’ Clause in general use reads as follows: “Bree from Particular Average unless the vessel or craft be stranded, sunk, burnt, on fire or in collision. The eellision to be of such a nature as may reasonably be supposed to have led to the damage claimed for.’’ ‘his simply means that underwriters are not lable for partial loss or damage unless one of the contingen- cies mentioned above has arisen. let us assume that the Steamer en- counters heavy weather, as a result of which, the goods on board are damaged Under an ‘‘F.P.A.”’ Policy the assured would have no claim on his under: writers, but supposing on the other hand ‘that at one stage of the voyage the vessel went aground, not necessarily incurring damage of any sort either to her- self or to the cargo,-the mere facet of her grounding would, in insurance terms, open the warranty and al- low the assured to collect for the damage by heavy weather, although it had no relation whatever to the vessel’s going ashore. For example, In the ease of collision, however, as will be seen, the damage to be recoverable must be the direct result of the collision. The Clause quoted above is what is known as the English form. which is not so generous reads: The American Clause, _rate running from seven to nine per cent. FISHERMAN June, 1920. ‘Warranted free from Particular Average unless caused by the vessel being stranded, sunk or burnt, ete.’ So that in the case mentioned above, the assured oul have no claim under under the American Clause be- cause the vessel in point of fact had stranded during — some turn of the voyage. The same remarks hold good with regard to sinking and burning. If the assured wishes to obtain more protection than — is given under an ‘‘F.P.A.”’ Policy, he can, in most — cases, at a higher rate of premium, obtain ‘‘With Average’’ Insurance, and under which he can recover any damage caused by ‘Marine’’ peril, prea ‘it amounts to a certain percentage, usually 3 per cent of the value of the goods. ek Having arrived at the proposed site of the cannery, the goods are unloaded, the cannery is built and starts operations. In connection with these operations cer- tain floating equipment will be necessary, such as can- nery tenders, to assist in the work adjacent to the cannery, and we will assume further that the cannery — owner decides to have a steamer or one or two aux: — iliary sailing vessels to take the fish from the cannery to the point of distribution. = The insurance on canery tenders is, as a general rule, looked upon very favorably by underwriters for the reason that their operations are more or less con- fined, and as they form an essential factor in the work of the cannery, it is felt that special care is taken to avoid accidents which may put them out of _com- mission at the busiest times of the year. The policy under which these craft are aualty in- sured, covers, as a rule, all damage due to ‘‘Marine’’ perils if they amount to more than a specified s usually between $50.00 and $100.00. The. om The form of insurance granted to steamers pa rs with their age. A new vessel would, of course, get the most generous cover, which would pay for damage ir- respective of amount, if the vessel had been stranded, sunk, burnt or in collision, and if none of these con- tingences had oceurred—for damage to an amount, as a rule, of 3 per cent of the vessel’s value. ; As her age increases, the conditions will be sina more stringent. After a time one-third will be de- dueted from the cost of all repairs to cover meta depreciation, and eventually she would probably rive at the point where the owner would have to odie a certain percentage of each claim, usually fixed at 5, 10; or 15 per cent of the vessel’s value. If, instead of steamers, a sailing vessel be used she would, on this coast, be insured under what is known as the ‘‘San Francisco’’ form of policy, whieh excludes all damage unless amounting to, as a rule, 5 per cent or 10 per cent of the vessel’s value, and also provides for the deduction of one-third from the cost of all repairs. In addition to insuring the steamers, it is also ous: tomary to insure outfits, by whieh is meant, dories, lines and equipment used in fishing, which are usually covered under an ‘‘F.P.A.’’ policy So much for the insurance on hulls, ei The modern methods of ‘‘Marine’’ Insurance enable a fish canner ‘or packer whose plant is loeated in th most remote and inaccessible inlet of our coastal waters, to enjoy the same protection as is enjoyed. by , 1920. largest importers and exporters, whose business nates at any of the great world ports. e fish business is to a great extent ‘‘seasonal,’’ wvolving the sending of materials and supplies to the fferent canneries in the early Spring and bringing m the pack in the Fall. The custom amongst the largest packers is to enter 9 a contract with responsible underwriters, at the encement of a season, under which the ‘‘Marine’’ ds for the entire season are covered. A large business is done with fish packers, whose ants are located in the Bering Sea, where communi- m is difficult and at times impossible, as the busi- ss is carried largely by the old-time sailing vessels and insured under open covers. These vessels carry rom 50,000 to 60,000 cases of salmon, which at the ent time of rates would necessitate a cover of 000.00. These covers are made up at the begin- of the season and declarations are not made to underwriters until the vessels arrive at their home with the pack. e fact that $600,000.00 insurance can be obtained the cargo of a wooden sailing vessel, some of which from 30 to 50 years of age, demonstrates the con- lence which underwriters place in the management our fisheries, and the merits to maintain this con- nee on the part of the packers. is not necessary to fix the price per case at the - ¢ommencement of the season, but it is sufficient if the ‘underwriter is advised of the value per case prior to shipment being water-borne. Practically all in- mees of this kind are effected on an ‘‘F.P.A.” I am now going to say a few -words with regard _ the settlement of claims, which, after all, is prob- ‘the point in which the assured is most interested, rst then with regard to the hulls. Let us assume a boat valued at $40,000.00 with insurance of $35,- 000.00 goes ashore and sustains considerable damage. e is placed on the dry dock for repairs, and it is found that the cost of effecting these will amount to $10,000.00. Taking the three classes of craft referred to above, and the policies effected on them—in the se of a cannery tender, an assured could recover /40ths of the loss, and the same in the case of a steamer, but in the case of a sailing vessel, insured un- er a San Francisco form, one-third would be deduet- from the cost of repairs, so that he can only re- eover 35/40ths of $6,666.00, As regards claims on cargo, it must be borne in mind that when goods arrive at destination, the as- sured cannot refuse to accept them, merely because they are damaged, he must take delivery and pay all charges, so that the underwriter, if he decides to pay Total Loss and take over the goods, ean receive em free of cost. It is settled law that the basis of adjustment of losses, in connection with cargo, is the sound market value at destination, and in this connection two in- “stances will show how this works out. Supposing for example, that a consignee is import- ing a shipment of goods, the invoice price of which is - $1,000, he probably insures for $1,100, covering his _ profit of 10 per cent. The goods, on arrival at destin- ation, with the addition of freight. and duty, are prob- worth say $1,500. Now if they arrive damaged, first thing to be ascertained is what their whole- value in damaged condition actually is. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 143 Supposing that the consignee feels that he can dis- pose of the goods for say $1,200, or in other words, that there is a damage of 20 per cent, and this basis is agreed to by underwriters, he recovers from under- writers 20 per cent of the insured value or $220. If, on the other hand, no agreement can be reached as to the actual percentage of damage, the only me- thod of arriving at the amount of the loss is by sell- ing the goods at auction, and assuming that they realize $750 gross, or in other words, that there is a 50 per cent loss on the sound value, the consignee can recover 50 per cent of the insured value, or $550.00. Now in the first instance, it will be seen that the loss on the sound value is $300, and the consignee recovers only $220, and in the second instance the con- signee’s loss is $750, and he only recovers $550. This difference is a frequent cause of dissatisfaction and complaint on the part of consignees as they feel that they are not receiving justice from underwriters As a matter of fact this is not the case. The value of any shipment of goods at destination is really made up of four component parts: 1. Invoice value and shipping charges. 2. Duty. : 3. Freight. © .4. Profit. In the cases above mentioned, and this is the basis on which goods are usually insured, the consignee covers his invoice value and his profit, but does not insure the duty and the freight payable at destination. Now, if one had a 50 per cent loss, it affects all the component parts that go to make up the value of the goods, and to take the last case quoted as an example, what the consignee recovers from his underwriters is 50 per- cent of the invoice value and 50 per cent of. the profit, both of which are insured, but he does not recover 50 per cent of the duty and freight, which amount to $200, for the reason that he has not insur- ed them. It therefore follows that if a consignee wishes to completely cover himself in ease of loss, he must, in addition to insuring the invoice value and the pro- fit, cover also the duty and the freight payable at destination, against ‘‘Partieular Average’’ only. He does not need to insure these against ‘‘Total Loss’’ or ‘‘General Average’’ because in the event of the goods not arriving, there will be no duty or freight to pay. The above remarks would not, of course, apply so far as freight is concerned, if, instead of being pay- able at destination it were prepaid. In that event it would be added to the value of the goods and insured, and the proportion of the insured value which the con- signee would recover would inelude a like proportion of the freight.. In the case of canned salmon, shipped from one Canadian port to another, no duty would be payable, and the value, which would form the basis of the in- surance would probably be the same at the cannery as at destination. The question therefore as to whether the assured, in case of loss, would receive a full in- demnity, would depend on whether the freight, if payable at destination, was insured or not. Now a word with regard to General Average. All marine policies cover the risk of General Average, a term which is not very clearly understood. Numerous text books have been written on the subject and to anyone wishing to make a study of it, it undoubtedly présents numerous complications, but its basie prin- * 144 ciple is that of equity.. Probably the best definition of General Average was given by Mr. Justice Law- rence in the year 1801 and is as follows:—‘‘All loss which arises in consequence of extraordinary sacri- fices made or expenses incurred for the preservation of the ship and cargo comes within General Average and must be borne proportionately by all who are in- terested.’’ To take a concrete example—Supposing a ship goes ashore and in order to float her she is lightened by throwing overboard some of the cargo— this is also incurred to save all the interests at risk and must be contributed for by each in proportion to its respective value at destination. Similarly, if the cargo in one hold is on fire, and in order to prevent the fire spreading to another hold is flooded, with consequent damage to the cargo stored therein, the loss thus incurred to the cargo which, was not actually on fire itself is contributed to by all the parties bene- fitting thereby. From these two examples it would seem that the adjustment of General Average loss is a simple matter —such, however, is very far from being the case and it is often a question of very considerable difficulty to decide whether a loss properly belongs to General Average or should be paid for specifically by any particular interest. It may be of interest to mention here three points on which Marine Insurance differs from Fire Insur- ance. If you have a shipment of goods for which you have paid, say, $1,000, and you figure that on arrival here they will be worth, say, $1,500, you are perfectly entitled to insure them for that amount. Suppose the market drops and as a matter of fact they would only be worth $750 on arrival, and for the sake of argu- ment, say the ship and cargo are totally lost by fire a day before they arrive at destination, you are en- titled to recover the full face value of the policy, which in this particular instance would show a profit of $750. If these goods had been insured under a ‘*Bire’’ policy all that you could recover would be the cost of replacing them, or say $750. If you insure your house under a ‘‘Fire’’ policy for $5,000, and you have a loss of say $2,000, the policy is automatically decreased by that amount, and in order to reinstate it you have to pay an additional premium, but if you insure a ship for that amount you may have, during the year, three or four losses of $2,000, and end up with a total loss, for all of which underwriters would be liable, nor would they receive any further premium than the amount paid them when the policy was originally taken out. On the other hand, if you have a vessel worth $50,- Some Reasons why British Columbia Raw Salmon should be Manufactured at Home i. By F. E. BURKE, MGR. WALLACE FISHERIES, LTD., VANCOUVER (Paper Prepared for C. F. A. Convention) : It is rather with a feeling of diffidence that I at- tempt to read a paper on the subject allotted to me. So mueh as been said locally and so much has ap- peared from time in the local press and trade papers, that I feel quite sure most of the men here present are rather familiar with most of the ideas that can be advanced in connection with this subject, and if~to CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920 000, and you insured her under a Marine policy for $25,000 on the hull and machinery valued $50,000, and you have a loss of $25,000 by fire, all that you can recover from your underwriters is $12,500, but — if under similar circumstances you had a fire policy for $25,000 you could recover the full amount of © your loss—the reason being that a marine policy — covers the vessel itself and if an assured does not cover the full value of the interest he becomes a co- insurer, whereas a fire policy covers a certain speci- — fied figure up to the amount of which the assured is entitled to collect any damage which he can prove. Two other points occur to me which are worthy of — mention. ; First, the question of seaworthiness of a vessel. If re goods are shipped on board a vessel and are lost or damaged, owing to her unseaworthiness, the under- writer is absolved from all liability even though the assured is not responsible in any way for the condi- tion of the vessel. To provide for such a contin- gency, a clause is often inserted in policies whereby the underwriter admits the seaworthiness of the ves- — sel as between the assured and himself, and it is a wise precaution for any owner of cargo to see that his policy contains such a clause. Secondly, what is known in “Marine”? Insurance as the ‘‘Doctrine of the Proximate Cause,’’ which means that in order to make an underwriter liable, it must — be shown that the damage claimed for is the direct and not the remote result of a peril insured against. A — concrete example will best show the operation of this principle. Two vessels were in collision—one of them _ had a cargo of oranges on board and was so badly damaged that she had to put into a port of refuge for repairs. The cargo was put into lighters, and after repairs to the vessel, re-shipped. It was found on arrival at destination that the packages were badly broken and that a large portion of the fruit was un- — sound and in very bad condition, which damage was attributed to the handling in the discharge, and re- — shipment, and the delay in repairing the ship coupled with the perishable nature of the cargo. made for the damage as being consequent in the colli- sion, but the Court decided that the collision was only the remote cause of the loss, the proximate cause be- ing the delay and the extra handling and therefore the . assured could not recover. a In econelusion, I would like to apologize for the 9 many shortcomings of this paper, and to plead in ex- — tenuation that the subject of ‘‘Marine’’ Insurance is — such a voluminous one that it is extremely difficult — in a short address to pick out the salient points of i interest. their ears this paper sounds rather familiar, I trust they : will over-look it, as most subjects that are important 3 are as a rule familiar to the people interested in that — particular line of reasoning. — Generally speaking; one of the lessons that this war — has brought home and especially to the younger — nations, such as Canada, that are burdened with a — A claim was _ _ is that the source of revenue to liquidate this debt must come from the development and manu- ure of its natural resources. The younger coun- as a rule, develop rapidly as good emigration s into them. This emigration must be kept well d profitably employed to enable it to progress and slop, and the satisfaction of the people employed t will only come from an abundant supply of all comforts of life, produced at a low cost, and this -e¢ost can only come with a large volume of pro- tion. A large volume of production means a large tal investment, which in a new counery is only ted when investors were assured that the raw ma- which they use, will be protected to assure them anent business. Those of us in British Columbia the management of the larger salmon com- have viewed with great alarm the depletion natural resources of Chum Salmon, through the t of these fish in a raw state. There is apparent- iderable to be said against this export of raw , but the writer feels that the theories advanced an embargo on this class of goods are more ary than actual. At the present time, speaking ximately, there are 500,000 cases more Chum on manufactured by the American packers than r country consumes, and this surplus is exported ely to countries where the goods come into com- ‘ition with the B.C. product of this grade. Investu- tions of statistical reports will show that for the two or three years one third to one half of this rplus production in the United States has been put ip with the raw product imported from this Pro- The Province, as a source of revenue from the ort of this raw product only obtained the licence paid by the fishermen, and which is only com- tively a very small amount. Take for example salmon, exported from district No. 1 during the 1 of 1919 which amounted to 88,380 ewts, or ng ten fish to the case, approximately 110,000 canned salmon. On this salmon the province st the Provincial Tax of 4 cents per case, and the ninion lost its Tax of 4 cents per case, and estimat- the wages of the labor employed in the Cannery at eents per case, there was a loss of actual money that v¢ have been paid out in this province and put into reulation of $88,800.00. There was also ‘lost, the 1ount that would have been expended for finding ue Cannery employees, the loss of labor in the can etory, in making the boxes, the loss of labor used in e production of the miscellaneous supplies and re- pair work that is necessary around the cannery, and 1e loss of labor arising out of the cost of loading and yndling in the transportation of fhe packs from the neries to Vancouver. Taking the total of the a- ove enumerated figures as estimated by a practical _ man in the business here in Vancouver, it shows that the loss on this 110,000 cases through labor and taxes © the people in this province on this lot of fish ex- ed from No. 1 District was approximately $160,000. figures do not take into consideration any pro- fits that might accrue from the manufacture of this product in this country, or the money that would be stributed locally for the purchase of supplies and ler materials used in connection with canning oper- ns. I think it naturally follows that if the resi- of B.C. were operating these canneries here, they CANADIAN FISHERMAN . 145 hoa want to keep any profits that might accrue at ome. It must also be taken into consideration, the market for 98 per cent of this grade of goods is export, and it means the bringing into this province of actually new money arising from exploitation of this natural re- source, and to the writer’s mind this is the most pre- ferable manner of realizing on your natural resources, viz.: through export and not through domestie con- sumption, which latter means to use a familiar expres- sion, only the ‘‘Swapping of Jack Knives’’ by taking money from the domestie consumer and putting it in the pocket of the domestic manufacturer. One of the common arguments advanced against the embargo on salmon is the fact that the foreign buyer as a rule, pays a very much higher price for the raw product than the local man does. Allowing that the foreign buyer pays the fishermen 10 cents per fish more than the Canadian buyers offers, figuring on an average of 10 fish to the case would mean that the fishermen would receive $110,000.00 more by selling his fish for export. From this we will see that the pro- vinee and the people of the province would have bene- fited approximately $50,000 more had this fish been manufactured at home rather than exported even though the fishermen had received less. The whole principle of our Government is based on “The greatest good to the greatest number of peo- ple,’? and we know a greater number of the people would benefit by having these goods manufactured at home, rather than exported in the raw state. Again scientific investigation shows that fish when canned are always a better quality when canned as close to the point of capture as possible, therefore, these fish would be a much better article of food if they were put up as soon as possible after being taken out of the water, rather than after transporting them a long distance, which necessarily follows when the fish are carried away to the States to be manufactured. Even though this fish which is exported is packed as Ameri- can fish and put under the American canners own label, which is not always the case, we think that Canada and the Canadian Brand would benefit in the export markets through comparison of the quality of the fish when packed at home. Again if there was an embargo on the Export of Chum salmon it would have the effect of eliminat- ing the surplus production in the U.S. as it is claimed that the U.S. waters have been exploited almost to the limit in the manufacture of Chums and that the sur- plus production of Chums has come from the importa- tion from the Canadian side. If this is the case it means that instead of being the under dog in the Ex- port markets where the surplus of the U.S. canners is disposed of, and of having to take for our goods what- ever prices the American canners make, we would be in a position to dominate the export markets, and it might be that if the domestic market in the U.S. on this grade of fish inereases, as the writer believes it will, that regardless of the tariff that exists against the Canadian manufacturer, we might be able to market our product in the U.S. We hear the theory advanced that we should be able to pay the same price as the American buyer. This is incorrect at present. The American canner has a considerable advantage over the Canadian buyer. First, through the average production per cannery in the U.S. and Alaska which is virtually three times as great per cannery of ours with identically the 146 same overhead. The surplus fish that he gets from the Canadian side simply gives him his maximum output, and the maximum output as compared with the mini- mum output, or anything under the maximum, is a large factor, as those of us in the fishing business are aware of. Allow that a Canadian canner is not able to absorb all the fish for a year or two, as it is claimed by the fishermen would be the case, granting that this is true, we think that it would only be a very short while before, through dominating the export market, there would be such keen competition for these fish that the local fishermen would be obtaining just as much for them, as if they were selling them to the export buyer. We think the position of the Sockeye salmon fully bears this out, there ’eing an export duty on Sockeye salmon. Again, to the writer’s mind this is one of the most important points, the export of these fish in the raw state means a tremendous drain upon the fish them- selves. The home canner of course tries to get all the fish that he can at a price that will enable him 13 compete in export markets. The fishermen fishes in every manner possible to get as large a catch as possi- ble to sell to the export buyer; the result is that the fish are subject to a tremendous pressure and hund- reds of fish are taken and sold when their value as a manufactured product is so infinitesimal as compared with their value as a source of propagation, that it is almost a crime to take them. Any prosperity that we CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. can have arising from a big out put from the packing of these fish is only temporary, if this is done at the expense of future propagation. While we may em- ploy people in the manufacture of these fish, at the same time it means that when the fish are depleted the labor employed in these plants must go to some 4 other country to earn its livelihood. We must not overlook the fact that we have no right to deplete the natural resources of this country at the expense of the future generations. The burden of taxation may be as heavy in the future through some unforeseen cause, as it is at present; even though the present debt is liqui- dated. The industry is one that will last an indefinite length of time if it is properly protected. The Govern- ment can exercise very rigid jurisdiction and powers of legislation over a natural resource industry where the product is manufactured at home, and we think that not only in the long run would the fishermen bene- fit, but we know that the Dominion of Canada and the Province of British Columbia as far as taxable sourees of income are concerned would benefit enormously, and we know that the people who are te come and to be employed at the canneries would benefit, as they would have a stabilized industry that would insure steady employment. ‘ No action of the Government will ever suit all of its citizens and we think the Government should take this point into consideration and place an embargo, as the greatest number of people would be benefitted, and we do not think that the present state of affairs benefits the greatest number of people interested. West Coast Deep Sea Fishery Research By Prof. Arthur Willey, Dept. of Zoology, MeGill University. (Paper Prepared for C. F. A. Convention). The remarks herewith submitted to the Canadian Fisheries Association on the occasion of their Annual Convention held at Vancouver, 1920, refer to the out- side waters of British Columbia, and do not encroach upon the area covered by the excellently conducted operations of the Biological Station at Departure Bay, near Nanaimo. After the salmon, the halibut is the most valuable food-fish on the west coast. In the North Sea and North Atlantic generally, it does not occupy such a leading position, and its name does not appear amongst the ten principal food-fishes of the North Sea. The official list of the ‘‘Big Ten’’ contains the names of the mackerel, cod, haddock, whiting, turbot, plaice, common dab, sole, herring and anchovy. Of these it may be said that the plaice is to the British Isles what the halibut is to British Columbia. In the North Sea the European halibut has proved - to be one of the least amenable of food-fishes for international investigation, because of its inaccessibil- ity in the comparatively great depth at which it lives, fifty to one hundred and fifty fathoms. The great- est suecess has been achieved by the Danish Commis- sion. Persistent fishing of the banks inhabited by gre- garious flatfishes tends to decrease their average size without appreciably diminishing their total numbers. It would appear that their instinct teaches them to leave banks which have proved disastrous to them, somewhat as Atlantic salmon forsake certain rivers. The conservation of deep sea flatfishes can be effect- ively furthered by voluntary limitation of the fi fleet and fishing season. This necessarily interferes with the trade and is a common-sense administrative measure with which science has no direct eoneern ex- cept in the advisory capacity, The question naturally arises:—What can science do for such an industry? It cannot re-stock deserted banks by direet action. Several rapid surveys of the fishing grounds have been instituted by the United States and Canada, and due acknowledgement should be made here of the series ‘of reports on. age, size, distribution and frequency. of halibut, by Mr. W. F. Thompson, issued from the Provincial Fisheries Department, Victoria, B. G. But besides this work, meritorious as it is, science ean in- ‘vestigate conditions of life on the sea-floor, and the distribution of the spawn. From the behaviour of other members of the flatfish family, it is believed that the eggs of the halibut are floating eggs, and as the ovarian eggs are of relatively large size at matur- ity (about 3.7 mm. in diameter) and the spawn has not been found anywhere in the open sea, there is reason to suppose that they may be afloat in deep water, After hatching, the young are seattered in countless millions far and wide in the sea adjacent to the fishing banks; and yet only twenty examples of the pelagic fry (13.5 to 34 mm. long) have been taken in young fish trawl, west of the Faroe Island and _ the coast of Iceland (south and west) by the Danish _ Fisheries Research steamer ‘‘Thor’’ in 1904. _ An investigation of this kind resolves itself into an loration of the fishing grounds with the ordinary _ taekle of the marine biologist, and the tabulation of results. This necessitates a ship and an expensive _ equipment. The outcome would be to establish a body _ of facts, to add to the prestige of Canadian science, ud to give publicity to a Canadian maritime industry. It may be mentioned that the northern countries of rope have thought it worth while to accumulate a ass of data relating to the fisheries, and have found ‘means of putting some of these data to immediate prac- cal use. The same statement applies to the Aus- tralian Commonwealth and to the South African Union. Another question that arises is this:—Has the time arrived when Canada could usefully undertake such enterprise as the investigation of her western sea- bard on oceanographical lines? To settle this point would be necessary to collect and sift the opinions Fall the fishery authorities of the world, This would have the effect of delaying action, and perhaps Can- adian opinion would suffice. The matter could prob- ably be brought to an issue if the Biological Board Canada had the backing of the Canadian Fisheries sociation. The former would care for the scientific id, and the latter would profit by the publicity. The halibut, secure in the calm depths of the sea, ‘spawns during the winter months, when the surface waters are at times lashed into fury by southerly id westerly gales. This doubles the difficulty of eating the spawning areas. Apart from practical m of protection, the best that science can do to attempt to discover the laws governing the dis- mination of halibut spawn and fry. The economic _ Oceanography of the west coast is thus reduced to the seience of fish spawn. In carrying out this work, multitude of other objects associated with the feed. habits of the halibut would be brought to the surface. Many of these would have only an indirect ing upon the main problem, but they should all j identified and evaluated. Nothing should be re- jected, because every species has some value, if only an indicator; and it would be the part of the ex- pedition to deal with species in their interrelations rather than as independent units. This, in brief, is the statement of the case as it presents itself to the writer, and it should not be diffieult for the Vancouver Convention to pass judg- Ment upon it. Suffice it to add that what is already known of the West Coast gives abundant promise of a rich harvest of fruits of the sea, some of which might ve to have a market value, and all of which would contribute to the picture of life on the continental Shelf which stretches out in places to about forty miles from the shore before it plunges into the abyss. ot less than three years should be assigned to the perations at sea. A possible way of getting at the facts without com- ¢ a Government vessel may be suggested. If every fishing owner would undertake to make a number of hauls with different appliances, at different p ined positions and depths, and at different times of the year, instructions could be given regard- the handling of the gear and the disposal of the terial obtained. It does not matter whether a sel makes one haul or several hauls during the so long as all the required data are faithfully CANADIAN FISHERMAN . 147 recorded each time, and forwarded to head-quarters, with the catch properly preserved according to diree- tions. Each vessel would receive credit for its con- tribution, and this might be the means of arousing interest in the venture. Perhaps the suggestion savors a little of idealism, and it may not be feasible, but if attempted it would be a combination of voluntary effort and Government control. Fortunate hauls with long line, beam trawl, dredge or townet, might throw light upon’ the habits of many other edible fishes on the West Coast, even upon the sea life of the salmon, Scientific results are certain; and it would be reason- able to hope for discoveries of practical utility. It may be useful to append here the concluding sen- tences in the writer’s report upon the collection of marine Copepoda (microscopic crustaceans) made by the Canadian Arctic Expedition (1913-1918), now in the press :— The material obtained by the Canadian Arctie Ex- pedition constitutes an imperfect index to the wealth of elemental life in the northern waters of Canada. The Copepods, as a class, provide fish food for food- fish. There is an inexhaustible supply of this fish food in the Arctie Ocean, where it filters down into the northern seas, where commercial fisheries are carried on. By tracing out the southern extension of arctic and sub-arctie forms, a great deal has been accomplish- ed in giving precision to problems which await solu- tion in the north Atlantic. Similar exploratory and experimental work is required for the north Pacific. In this way materials would be forthcoming which would enable the age-composition of the different col- onies of organisms on the sea-floor to be made out. Equipped with such data we should be able to fore- tell the probable incidence of lean years in the fisher- ies. With this information at their disposal the eapit- alist corporations would be able to curb their tonnage so as to maintain an economic equilibrium between the market and the deep sea. This is what biological work can do for the deep sea and other fishery inter- ests. Leaving out of consideration the salmon family and some other anadromous fishes, science cannot ef- feetively replenish the stock of fishes in the sea, but it can claim to predict the periodicity of fluctuations when the necessary data have been accumulated after many years. ' No epidemies effect the plankton (i.e. the primary food supply of the sea), but we know that the higher animals are liable to various disorders and derange- ments whereby their numbers are reduced. The pre- sence of an abundant food supply does not unfailingly attract a multitude of feeders, and this fact, well- known to marine biologists and other naturalists, but not so well known to those who have had no actual experience in the matter of the interdependence of organisms, indicates that while there is no limit to the supply of primary food-stuffs in the sea, there are limits, in some cases very narrow, in others very wide, but always very definite, to the valuable species which subsist directly or indirectly upon this food. Whilst investigating the distribution and period- icity of the food-organisms, the biologist is brought in- to contact with the feeders, and though his methods of extracting secrets from the sea may be slow, yet they are sure. Not sensational discoveries, but dogged perseverance, such as that exhibited to good purpose by_the members of the Canadian Aretic Expedition, should be encouraged with a free hand, for the glory of Canadian science and the protection of Canadian maritime industry. 148 CANADIAN FISHERMAN } The Fourth Convention Banquet Fisheries Congress closes with an excellent menu of tasteful fare, thoughtful speeches, and East and West united ‘In all the world no fisheries like these/’’ The Fourth General Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association closed with a Banquet and Ball fully in keeping with the high standard of the three days’ proceedings. One hundred and fifty members and guests sat down to an excellently served dinner in the Banquet Hall of the Hotel Vancouver with President-elect A. L. Hager acting in the dual capacity of Chairman and Toastmaster. Seated with Mr. Hager at the head table were Past President A. H. Brittain, First Vice President J. A. Paulhus, Third Vice President F, E. Burke, National Secretary F. W. Wallace, Lt. Col. L. W. Gill, Director of Technical Education for Canada, United States Con- sul-General Fredk. H. Ryder, Prof. John N. Cobb, Dean of the College of Fisheries, Seattle, Dean Cle- ments of the University of British Columbia, E. W. Hamber, President, B. C. Mills, Timber and Trading Co., and J. J. Harpell, Director C. F. A. and Chairman of Publicity Committee. Seated at the other tables were men who are ranked as leaders in the fishing industries of the Pacific Coast on both sides of the line and as one guest remarked ‘‘never in the history of the Pacific Coast fisheries have so many of the heads of the industry been gathered together.’’ Salmon canners, bankers, fresh fish men, scientists, Govern- ment officers and delegates from the Middle West and the East discussed the menu and fishery topics until the coffee and cigars appeared and Mr. Hager arose to propose the toast of the King. When the time-honored health had been discharged, the new President commenced his functions as Toast- master and began :— “*T feel that I owe this intelligent gathering an apol- ogy for being in the Toastmaster’s chair tonight, but by way of explanation I may say that our silver ton- gued Chief Magistrate, Mayor Gale, was elected for this ardous task but at the eleventh hour it was impossible for him to be present. Our Secretary, who is always on deck to find jobs for the executive, slated me for the position of Toastmaster and from my seat of fancied security I have been thrust, much against my will, into this new position of presiding at an important convention banquet. I have confidence in myself to the extent that I will make a bad fist of the job but I am going to accept the ruling of my boss and have just as good a time tonight as anybody. The next toast on our list is practically the key-note of this gathering—‘‘The Unity of East and West.’’ This is the first time in the history of the commercial fisheries of Canada that the interests of Hast and West have foregathered to discuss the problems incidental to our fisheries. I know of no better man to reply to this toast than Mr. A. H. Brittain. He is one of the progressive fish men of the Atlantic Coast; he has been our President in War and Peace for twenty- two strenuous months; he is a charter member of this association and a man ‘of broad vision and high ideals; he has given ungrudgingly of his time to the impartial considerations of the problems of both East and West. Nothing I can say can add to the laurels gained by Mr. Brittain in the administration of the Association. Gentlemen ; I will ask you to charge your glasses and drink to the health and prosperity of Mr. Brittain!’” When the applause and singing of ‘‘For he’s a jolly good fellow’’ died away, Mr. Brittain, still wearing the golden chain of office, replied to the toast of ‘‘Bast and West’’as follows :— MR. BRITTAIN’S VALEDICTORY SPEECH ‘*Gentlemen, I can assure you I feel highly honored at this present moment and the remarks of the Toast Master have left me that I hardly know what to say. I see that I am down on the programme to reply to the toast of ‘‘Hast and West’’. There is so much to be said in connection with ‘East and West’ that one hardly knows how to start or forecast where he will finish. : A well-known poem of Rudyard Kipling’s contains the phrase :— ‘Hast is East and West is West, and never the twain shall meet!’ It is quite a famed ous phrase and is often quoted to illustrate the sup- — posed impossibility of uniting the Occident and the Orient. When I review the progress of this Con- vention and think of how East and West have got to- gether and discussed the many problems affecting our — fishing industry, [ am constrained to believe that Kip- | ling is wrong and that his phrase is a misnomer as far — as our East and West is concerned. Z But I am a strong believer in another saying that a ‘the wise men come from the East’ (laughter). Ig do not wish you Westerners to think that this is meant — as a reflection upon your intelligence, but rather T mean it as a compliment for the wonderful Convention you have staged for our Association. It is because of our faith in the good time we should have in the West that we Easterners made the long journey to the Coast. In doing so, I feel that we showed consider- able wisdom and are entitled to be listed among the ‘wise ones’. (applause. ) | . 4 a : q j D: 5 We have come, we Easterners, to meet you and talk you on matters of mutual interest in the develop- ent of our great fishery resources. We have realized at our Industry to be great must work together in closest harmony. We realize that the day of ing a lone hand is past, and that East and West must meet and co-operate in doing the things we want ‘see done. In these days of co-operative effort almost all lines of industry, we cannot afford to t as unorganized individuals. Our Association has been in existence for five years, but during that it has accomplished much for both East and West, its work has been such that it is respected and kked upon by others as a safe and sane organization. ving that reputation and a record of good work nd it, it remains for the members to realize that re the Association which represents their business d they should take as much interest in Association tivities as they do in their own business activities, effort in the one brings results in the other. Our sociation is a good Association. (Hear,hear!) We ve able men in it who know the Industry, and re- - commendations from us are worthy of consideration. Those engaged in our particular industry who are not mbers may as well realize that the longer they stay ut, they more they are slipping behind. The day is ~ fast coming when the voice of Industrial organizations will be recognized and accepted as the voice of the ele- sents and industries and interests they represent. It is a very great pleasure for me as an Easterner to disprove that phrase about East and West when I w formally hand over the chain of office of the deney of the Canadian Fisheries Association to A. L. Hager of Vancouver. (Loud Applause). The fact of our presidencies travelling from Halifax to Vancouver in the course of a few years proves that we _ The only office in our Association that appears to be immovable is that of the Secretary. We need him es and those of every member of the Association. feel that in Mr. Hager we have a popular choice. He is an outstanding figure in our Industry and one the best heads in it. He is well known and is _ very popular with we easterners and we should like _ to see mere of him—in a personal way, at anyrate. _ Mr, Hager is taking over the Presideney of the Can- adian Fisheries Association at the beginning of a new era. He is our first Peace-Time President and our first Pacific Coast President. On his behalf I would ask you to support Mr. Hager in every possible way and when he calls a meeting you should attend and ve him the benefit of your advice in order that he may be relieved of the onerous task of trying to in- terpret the desires and wishes of our industry which many heads of associations sometimes have to do. _ He will have to speak after me and I know we are ying to listen to an intellectual treat. (laughter). I ow what a lot of time he has given to that speech. went to his home a few nights ago but could only ‘him for a few moments as he was busy writing his speech. (laughter). Gentlemen, it ill behoves me to take up any more of your attention because I know we have yet to hear from our model speaker.’’ The pplause and cheers which greeted the conclusion of . Brittain’s remarks burst forth again when Presi- CANADIAN FISHERMAN of ‘‘Our Canadian Fisheries.’’ 149 dent Hager, with the regalia of the Presidential office over his shoulders, arose to reply to the toast There could be no doubt of the popularity of the Association’s presiden- tial choice when they selected ‘‘Al’’ Hager for chief executive. PRESIDENT HAGER’S INAUGURAL ADDRESS “*Gentlemen,’’ he began; ‘‘This will be my maiden speech. - The day Mr. Brittain arrived I was informed that I was to respond to a toast at the Banquet; and since that time I haven’t had very much time either to write or memorize what I would have to say. Like Mr. Brittain, we of the West have heard the saying that the wise men come from the East. We of the West have always believed that the wiser they are the quicker they come. (applause). Our worthy past president has made reference to me as being a model speaker. He is right; for Webster has defined a model as being a small imitation of the real thing. (applause). : There is an old saying that some persons acquire honors and others have honors thrust upon them. My natural modesty leads me into the belief that I am one of those who have honors thrust upon them. I am, however, fully sensible of the honor the Can- adian Fisheries Association has conferred upon me by electing me their President, and I must also thank my good friend from the East, Mr. A. H. Brittain, for the very generous remarks acvorded to myself. In electing me your President, I am content to believe that this is intended, not so much as a personal com- pliment, but rather the desire of the members of our Canada-wide organization to have a Western member as their Chief Executive, for a term, and I feel sure our Western members share my appreciation of the onor, I agree with Mr. Brittain that Mr. Kipling can be proved wrong when he talks about the impossibility of uniting East and West, as far as we are con- cerned. In our Association we have shown that it is possible for East and West to unite for the common good of our particular industry, and our clear duty for the future is to cement that unity until there “Shall be neither East nor West”’ Border, nor breed, nor birth’’ when it comes to doing things to develop our Can- adian Fisheries. This brings me to the subject of our Toast. There are a number of our very good friends from South of the border with us here and I am going to tell them that we in Canada have the greatest fishery resources in the World. _ The greatest fishing areas of the World are four in number and all are in the Northern Hemisphere. The first great area is the West Coast of Europe in- eluding Iceland and the North Sea; the second is the Grand Banks and the Western Atlantic north of the 40th Parallel of latitude; the third is the Pacific Coast of America from Cape Flattery to the Behring Sea, and the fourth is around Japan and Eastern Siberia, You will note that two of these great fishing areas are adjacent to Canadian Atlantic and Pacifie Coasts which gives us territorial and adjacent fishing grounds greater than any other Nation. In addition to that we possess 220,000 square miles of fresh water lakes and rivers well stocked with many varieties of fish. 150 In developing our great heritage; we have been a- sleep at the throttle. We havn’t really awakened to what we have. We have allowed the other fellow to get ahead of us in a good many ways and when the Canadian Fisheries Association was formed in 1915, it was first evidence of our awakening. I can well recall a little crowd of men from the East—I can truly call them ‘‘ Wise Men,’’ in the light of later events—started this Association and invited me to join them. I knew, when conservative East- erners like Alf Brittain, Harry Short, Dan Byrne, Mr. Paulhus, Fred Wallace, Jim Harpell and others were willing to back it up, that there was merit to the pro- position. I joined up too, at that time, with them and am happy to count myself as one of the old ‘‘Origin- als,’’ and I feel that we.are now on the high road to developing those wonderful fisheries of ours and mak- ing Canada the World’s greatest fish producer. We are a small country in numbers, but we have lots of nerve and plenty of optimism. “OUR VIEWPOINT HAS BEEN TOO NARROW’”’ The big trouble with a lot of us in the Canadian Fishing Industry, and I am no better than the others, is that our viewpoint has been too narrow. We have suffered from an ingrowing outlook. We cannot see anything beyond our own little spheres of effort. In the East, it has been ‘‘too much Hast,’’ in the West, it has been ‘‘too much West.’’ We have never trained ourselves to think in broad terms for the development of our fisheries as a whole. Our conservatism and nar- row mindedness has been the prime reason for our non- progression in making Canada the World’s big fish producer. We are, however, gradually seeing the error of our ways, and the Canadian Fisheries Association is the organization which is producing the change and affording us the proper medium for development and expansion and carrying out of our ideals. If anyone had told me five or six years ago that we would have a convention such as this, 1 would not have believed it possible. Here, during the past few days, we have had fishing interests, formerly as wide apart as the Poles, conferring together and advocating policies of progress and development in each others line of effort. Who ever imagined that the Salmon Canner of the West would take an interest in the de- velopment of the East and vice-versa? Or that the fresh fish producer of the Pacific would co-operate with his business competitor of the Atlantic. It was unbelievable a few years ago, but apparently a great change for the better has oceurred in our men- tal attitude and we have entered upon a new era of good sense and’a proper conception of our duty to the great industry of which we are a part. According to a tradition the Grand Banks of New- foundland were being fished before Columbus dis- covered the West Indies in the year 1492; and Samuel Adams Drake, Historian, tells us that there were 150 vessels from England and France fishing off the Coasts of Nova Seotia and Newfoundland, when the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Mass., in the year 1620. For several centuries, therefore, our fisheries have been fished commercially and while it is true we still have enormous resources practically untouched it is nevertheless true that certain areas have been over- CANADIAN FISHERMAN ’ for good and is the medium through which our mem- — _ years existed between the American and Canadian fis June, 1920. developed and the supply of certain varieti , ; : ta-. bly Halibut, Sturgeon, Sockeye Salm Aaa st ? ’ igs ve on, Sh a Oysters, badly depleted. ad and Our problems and difficulties are as diversified as they are numerous but this is not the time or place — to bring them to your attention. Our Association has made an enviable record during the few short years of its existence. It is a power — bers should speak, __Let us give praise to our Provincial and Federal 4 Fishery Officials when it is due to them and let us substitute constructive criticism for fault finding, n That the ‘‘Entente Cordiale’’ that has for so many = producers, manufacturers and distributors, be eontin- ued indefinitely, is the wish, I am sure, of every mem- ber of our Association. ’ . ‘Our Canadian Fisheries” is a subject to which 1 _ cannot do adequate justice. I am a plain business man and not a silver tongued orator or gifted with the inspiration necessary to picture the romantic history, strenuous effort, hazard and gamble, of our industry, or its wonderful potentialities. But, I firmly beli ‘ we are entering upon an era of progress and develop- ment. We have these resources and we are going to develop them as they should be developed. Enthusias- tically and sanely— along most modern lines and ae- cording to the canons of high business integrity—and the Association is out to aid the effort. Our slogan shall be—‘‘In all the World no fisheries like these’ and East will unite with West to make our laudable boasting good.’’ (Loud and continued applause). At the conclusion of his address, President ontreal called upon Vice-President J. A. Paulhus of M to say a few words. ' (ose MR. PAULHUS INVITES THE ASSOCIATION — TO MONTREAL 7 ; ‘“Mr. President and Gentlemen,’’ said Mr. Paulh ‘“‘T am speaking under difficulties tonight. I am Frenchman and I must speak in English. Yet T am as proud to be able to speak English as I am to b French. When I left Montreal I was booked to read a paper at the Convention, but I thought I would have time enough in Vancouver to prepare my paper. things turned out, I found myself in the same posi as Mr. Hager. I have to speak without a paper beea [ have had no time to prepare it. I don’t even time to sleep. I have been on the go ever since I rived here—more than I ever did in my life before. I am animated by two feelings just now. T ha to express regret at seeing our late President go | of office and to congratulate the new President eom- ing into office. I have known our late President for — many years and he is a man who has certainly worked — earnestly, seriously and devotedly for the interests of — this Association. As regards our new President, Mr. — Hager, of course, we do not know what he will do. But — by the way he has handled this Convention T am sure we can expect from him marvellous things, pressing tonight my own _ personal and I believe everyone from the East will agree with me that we have had here the time of our lives, te June, 1920. CANADIAN Now as I am honest enough to believe that the next convention will be at Montreal, I want to say right here that it will perhaps be impossible for us to enter- tain you in the way you have entertained us, but we will do our very best. Montreal, as you know, is a large city. I do not want to disguise the fact that Van- couver too is a large city, and as I understand one of your members to say, it will not be many years before it is as large as Montreal. I am not so narrow minded as to harbor any resentment. But we have certain fea- tures in Montreal that will be quite interesting, of course. We haven't such high mountains as you have here, but we have a Mount Royal.. I also want to say, speaking in a popular sense, that Montreal is not a dry city in any event. I know that we have down there the necessary to make the convention a success; but we have nice ladies in Montreal too. (Laughter). It will be interesting to a few of you to learn a few French phrases, which will help you immensely. I am quite pleased to note how East and West are working together. I remember a few years ago I was in New York and I was walking along Broadway, and the lights were quite dazzling. I saw a sign which read “East is West,’’ and those words struck me very much. T couldn ’t make out why east could be west. I forgot all about it until I travelled 2,800 miles to “~d out that it is possible for east to be west; and I got the idea to- night that east is west in sympathy, and west is east with regard to the interests of the association. Your Provincial Minister of Fisheries stated yester day that the western problems were not the eastern problems. Well, I will agree with him to a certain ex- tent, but with regard to the fishing interests I believe that east is west and west is east. That every part of the Dominion of Canada is interested in our fish- eries, whether from the East, West, North or South. I am one of the pioneers of this Association. I way present at the first meeting where we developed the first line along which this Association should work; and ever since, I have always given it my spare time, and all the time that I could devote to it, and I want to tell you that in all my work I have always tried to put the fishing interests to the front in this country. For one reason, I have studied the natural resources of this country, and my interest has always been that our fishing industry is the most dependable and most reliable of all of our resources. . I say more, that the time will come when our minerals, when our forests, when our lumber will be gone and our fishery re- sources will be just as good as they are today.’’ (Ap- plause). The following members of the various Convention Committees were asked to stand up. Messrs Payson, Kenvyn, Phillips, Young, DeLong, Burke, Julian, Payne, Buttimer, McLean, Doyle, Gosse, Davis, John- cox, Ives, Coppin, Lipsett, Watkins, Wallace, Amiel, Sell-Irving, May and Eekman. Addressing the stand- ing committeemen, President Hager remarked. ‘‘On behalf of the Pacifie Coast members and the National Executive and the members throughout Canada as well as myself personally, I desire to thank you all most cordially and sincerely for the generous and wholehearted manner in which you have performed the work delegated to you. It has been through your untiring and unselfish efforts in both business and and entertainment that the exhaustive programme ar- ranged has been carried out without a hitch. I will ask you gentlemen to now be seated and those who FISHERMAN 151 are now sitting to charge your glasses, rise and drink to the health, happiness and prosperity of the Conven- tion Committees !’’ When the health had been drunk with cheers and singing, Mr. Hager continued. ‘‘The next toast on our list is that of ‘‘Our Guests.’? Here again our secre- tary prompts me. He hands me this slip of paper with the following message; ‘Dear Hager. Do not forget that guests, like the poor, are ever with us.’ (Laughter). What does he mean? Personally, I think he intends to convey the idea that guests to our conventions are always welcome and that the latch- string is always hanging out. As I am getting weary of hearing my own voice and as my stock of lauda- tory adjectives is almost exhausted, I am going to ask J. 8. ECKMAN, Vancouver. Assistant Manager, Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd. Director, C.F.A. One of the men who made the Con- vention a success, Sy my good friend Jim Harpell to propose the health of our guests.”’ Mr. J. J. Harpell of Montreal in a few well chosen words expressed the pleasure of the Association at having so many distinguished guests with them during the sessions and at the Banquet. Professor John N. Cobb replied on behalf of our’ American cousins in his usual happy vein. Mr. G. W. Nickerson reply- ing for the Prince Rupert delegation stated in part. “This is the first convention of the Canadian Fish- eries Association I have attended. I hope it will not be the last, and I am sure it won’t if my pocket book —— — eee 152 CANADIAN won’t prevent my getting there. I can speak for all the members when I say there is a vote of sincere thanks coming to Vancouver for the able manner they have entertained the delegates to this convention. These men are all busy and have their own affairs to attend to, and it has meant a great sacrifice to them, as we can all appreciate. Most people call Prince Rupert Northern British Columbia, but as a matter of fact, it is more nearly the centre of British Columbia. Our American friends, particularly the ones from Seattle, and some from Alaska accuse us of stealing what rightfully belongs to Seattle. We will have to admit that we are trying to get it, and whether it is stealing or not I will leave it to them to decide. Prince Rupert, situated so closely as it is to the Alaska border, and fresh fish being a commodity that must reach the east as quickly as possible is in a position not only to supply the wants of the east, but those of central British Columbia, and northern Alaska. Therefore, from an economie standpoint you can understand that there is a big saving from the time the fish is caught to the time they are landed in New York, owing to the service rendered by the Port of Prince Rupert. Up THE PUBLICITY KING. F, E. PAYSON, Vancouver. Secretary Vancouver Branch, C. F. A. until the present time we have had a great influx or a great number of the American boats coming into Prince Rupert to discharge. Unfortunately, owing to the financial diffieulties of the Grand Trunk ade- quate car service has not been provided, which means that whereas we were having about a million pounds of fish a week landed there, probably we are now only getting 200,000. This has been a very great loss to FISHERMAN June, 1920. Canada as a whole, particularly at this time when the — trade balance is against us. When you realize that you have to buy American exchange which will eost thirteen per cent today, you’ can readily understa what a handicap it is. Wie hope with the governme taking over the Grand Trunk that in another ye this problem will be entirely solved, and that we be able to offer to our American fisheries the advant- ages to be gained by permitting them to market their — fish from the port of Prince Rupert.’’ PRESIDENT HAGER: I will now eall upon Gol,” Cunningham : if + On behalf of the Minister of Marine and Fisheri: (Hon. Mr. Ballantyne) and the Federal Fisheries A ministration, Lt.-Col. Cunningham, Chief of the cifie Fisheries Division, replied. “ “Mr. President and gentlemen: This is the first heard that I was to say a few words, in the absence the Honorable Mr. Ballantyne. While he is absent. the body, he is with us in spirit. It was Mr. Balla: tyne’s purpose and intention to have been present ¢ pel the meeting of this association in Vaneouver. ; turning your face backward during the past two y you can appreciate from his actions that he looks w the Province of British Columbia as the leading p vince of the Dominion of Canada, and anything that he can do to further the interests of fhe provin generally and the fisheries in particular, it will be his earnest desire to do it. It is a great pleasu a me and a great pleasure to all of. us to see that west is coming into its own. The presidency of ¢ of the most important associations of the Domi is now in Vancouver in the person of our friend A. L. Hager. (Applause). From the business relatio ships that I have had with Mr. Hager during the num- ber of years it has been my privilege to live in the province, you will find that he is a gentleman, first last and always. Anything that comes before him as President of this Association will be dealt with on its merits and on a business basis. I am sure it must have been quite a revelation to our friends from the East to accept of his hospitality yesterday, and to ha passed through the admirable plant of his company I do not know where you will find a plant of such siz or that is run on such a business bisis. IT have always found Mr. Hager fair and square in all his dealings, He is always willing that every man should have al the benefits that this world ean offer. I think a vote of thanks is due to the Honorable the Minister of Marine and Fisheries for the steps he has taken in giving the fish industry recognition in the appointme of an assistant deputy. It was fortunate that the wor ‘“‘assistant’’ could not have been eliminated. § we are all thankful for small mercies, and hope in the near future that we will have a Deputy Minister rig in the department.; and in the not far distant a a P. a separate Minister and a separate deputy who will — devote his entire time to the most important industry we have—that is the Fisheries of Canada. (Applause). Whilst the head of the association has been removed from the west, we must not forget, gentlemen, that ~ the east also has its claims on the time and conside! tion of the Association. It has been a wonderful step. It is not so very long ago that I can remember whe ; we didn’t hear very mueh of the fisheries of British Columbia in the Kast. It was all East. But the East- erner coming west does not take very long to become acclimatized, but it takes longer for a westerner gomg ~ June, 1920. CANADIAN ROBERT C. GOSSE, Vancouver. Gosse-Millerd Paeking Co., Ltd. Prominent Canner who was Elected a Director, C.F.A. east before he reaches that happy stage. Here we have summer all the year round; in the east we have the two extremes in winter and in summer. But during all of these months the fishing business is going on. So that we must not forget that the east has claims on the association as well as the west; and as our new Pre- sident is fair in this connection, [ am sure that this is One point that will not be overlooked. I hope that the Honorable Mr. Ballantyne’s long pro- mised visit to British Columbia is not far distant. It has not his fault that he has not been with us before, but it was owing to his unfortunate physical condition that he has been unable to be present with us on the coast. In Montreal he stated to me last year how sorry he was that he had been unable to keep his promise to be with us in British Columbia before We have with us a representative of the Publicity Division in the person of Mr. Conlon. Mr. Conlon is at the head of one branch of the Department which with proper attention will be able to assist you very materially. The question of publicity and finding new markets for our fish is one of the most important parts of our industry. We have also with us Mr. Rodd, Superintendent of the Department of Fish Culture So long as he remains at the head of that branch of the Department I do not think the west will suffer from any neglect in that connection. I thank you gentlemen for the opportunity and privilege, and | am very glad to know and feel that everybody from the east have enjoyed themselves in the west; and I am been FISHERMAN 153 sure when the west goes east next October they will receive a hearty reception and enjoy much as the easterners have here.’ themselves as At this juncture, the ladies, who had been having a banquet of their own at the Hotel Barron, appeared on the gallery of the Banquet hall. Mr. Hager greeted them. ‘‘Gentlemen look who we have here! The ladies! This is an unexpected pleasure! I am remind- ed of the story of the slave who came before the Sul- tan and prostrating himself said. ‘Master; a lady waits without!’ ***Without what?’ quoth his master, ‘Without food or raiment, my lord,’ answered the slave. “Then give her food and send her in!- (Prolonged laughter. But as our ladies have both food and raiment they are doubly welcome. When I think of the ladies I am reminded of the last trip I made across the continent. While travelling east on the C.P.R. there was a per- sistent old Kentucky gentleman with an ever-present bottle of Bourbon whiskey who insisted upon everyone in the smoking car having a drink with him. On each and every oceasion that he found a drinking partner, he proposed the following toast: ‘*Here’s to old Kentucky where the horses are so fast the wind is jealous! Where the ladies are so sweet—God them—the angels complain! Where the whiskey is so pure, it is holy to die drunk!”’ bless EDWARD LIPSETT, Vancouver. Chairman, Automobile Committee, who made Walking a Crime. 154 CANADIAN Although unable to say much in favor of the horses or the whiskey of British Columbia, yet I feel we can apply the Old Kentuckian’s toast to the ladies we have with us tonight, and I will ask my friend Mr. Short, of Nova Scotia, to voice the sentiments of us all by proposing the toast to ‘The Ladies.’ ’’ Mr. H. B. Short, addressing the audience in the gallery and no doubt inspired by the presence of the ladies made a very gallant speech—a record of which was unfortunaely not taken. The subject seemed to be one to which Harry was able to do justice, and he wound it up very fittingly by proposing the toast: ‘‘The ladies! Our wives and sweethearts! If they are our. sweethearts—may they soon be our wives. If they FISHERMAN June, 1920. are our wives—may they always be our sweethearts!’’ (Applause and singing ‘For They Are Jolly Good Fellows.’’) The President concluded his function as toastmaster by beckoning the ladies to the main ,floor. ‘‘ Enter, ladies. On with the dance—let joy be unconfined!’’ Tables were cleared away; the orchestra struck up a waltz and the floor was soon taken up by the dane- ing couples. When midnight came, two hundred happy people joined hands in the singing of ‘‘Auld Lang Syne,’’ and to the old Scottish valediction, the Fourth General Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association came to an end. A PRESIDENTIAL POSSIBILITY ARTHUR BOUTILIER, Halifax, N. 8. National Fish Co., Ltd. Seeond Vice-President, C, F. A. CANADIAN THE NEW PRESIDENT. L. Hager, more familiarly known as ‘‘Al”’ ‘a big man, physically, mentally and in the he has accomplished. Though an Eastern pro- inally, he is now essentially of the West and ‘bed the spirit of optimisra and the tackling toughest jobs first that seems to be native to the Coast. As President of the Canadian Fisheries ion, these attributes promise much for the progress and development of the organization ‘influence in the fishing industry. — . Hager first saw the light in the United States claims descent from an old English family who in New England shortly after the ‘‘May- * jmaugurated the emigrant service between Britain and America. He was educated in the West and concluded his scholastic years in the Western University, Evanston, Illinois—bring- » from that institution of learning a reputation star football player and a surprising knowledge American national game of draw poker. entered the fish business twenty years ago and to Vancouver from Boston, Mass., in 1908, as ent, manager and treasurer of the Canadian x Company, Ltd. He has remained in Vancou- since, and ancestral leanings spurrred him to liberty and the pursuit of happiness’’ is no tolerated, and he and his family became natur- British subjects. ‘could say a great deal about Mr. Hager. He is outstanding figure in the social and business life ‘the Pacific Coast and is recognized by the Cana- | fishing industry as one of the remarkably able en engaged in it. In addition to his being Presi- nt, General Manager and Treasurer of the Cana- ian Fishing Company, Ltd.—a very large concern— we is also President of the Atlin Fisheries, Ltd., *rince Rupert; Secretary of the Doty Fish Company, and Vice-President and Western Manager of the New nd Fish Company. He is the pioneer of the h fish business on the Pacifie coast, and made the t transcontinental shipments of fresh salmon from Pacific to Boston. interest in the Canadian fishing industry caus- him to support the idea of a national fisheries or- ization and when the Canadian Fisheries Associa- was formed in 1915, Mr. Hager was a charter nber and on the Executive Council. Following that, now steps into the highest post in the organiza- at a time when ‘it is recognized as the greatest in the industry for the development of the nion’s vast fishery resources. owns up to three hobbies—his business, his fam- and his garden. In all of these he is animated by esire to have the largest and the best. Without -nine—four pretty girls and five sturdy boys— be hard to beat anywhere, while the grounds his home on Shaughnessy Heights, Vancouver, delight the heart of a horticulturist. When is not figuring out the price of next season’s he is planning the securing of some exotic shrub which will fill the amateur gardeners e Heights with chagrin and envy. He is also the possessor of an ancient volume of ‘‘Jestes,’’ Ri ae ‘inh his allegiance to the great Republic where - ie was third, second and first vice-president in turn, — FISHERMAN 155 published in 1590, and delights in retailing to his friends, or visitors to Vancouver, the antique quips and riddles found therein. The new President is a ‘Shriner, a member of the Vancouver and Terminal City Clubs, a motorist, a golfer and a Methodist—which last, being an_heir- loom from Puritanical forebears, should not be held against him. He is a clear thinker and a good speaker and has progressive ideas. Best of all, he is a good sport and a Prince of Good Fellows. A TRIBUTE. The ‘‘Pacifie Fisherman’’—a leading Am- erican fisheries magazine—makes the following editorial comment in its June issue :— A PROGRESSIVE ORGANIZATION. | Canada is to be congratulated on having the welfare of her fisheries looked after by as pro- gressive and energetic an organization as the Canadian Fisheries Association, as exempli- fied at the recent convention in Vancouver, B.C. Both in the subjects discussed and in the general attitude of the members present, there was manifested a desire to get away from considerations of narrow self-interest, whether of section or of vocation, and to seek in a broad way the advancement of the industry the fisheries as a national asset. The association appears to combine in an ideal way the activities of commercial fishery operators, scientific investigators and fish ecul- turists, all meeting on common ground and ¢co- operating for the common welfare. A _ strik- ing fact in connection with the association is the strong initiative taken by the commercial interests in a work of this kind; yet while such interests evidently predominate, scientists and fish culturists are welcomed in their coun- cils, and discussions on all phases of the sub- ject are given serious attention. Investigators and government officials and employes, on their part, manifest a sincere desire to com- prehend the viewpoint of those engaged in the business, and to direct their efforts into lines of practical helpfulness. With the men in- terested in the various departments of her fish- eries co-operating in this broad spirit for the development of these resources along endur- ing lines, Canada’s confidence in the great future before her fisheries is not to be won- dered at; and she is setting an example well worthy of emulation on this side of the line. ng on the business, we must admit that his fam- — Speaking of Ice Men, that man Amiel was the ideal Manager for ‘‘Maggie’s Room’’ (Don’t say it out loud but there really was no Maggie mixed up in it) and after all his hard and laborious work during the con- vention, he finished up at the banquet with a first class imitation of:a hula-hula dance, much to the de- light of all the diners. We'll say Amey was some as- sistance to the success of the convention. 156 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. The Delegation to Prince Rupert Northern British Columbia Fishing Port Stages Miniature Convention Vice-President J. A. Paulhus, Director J. T. O’Con- nor, and National Secretary F. W. Wallace, all of Montreal, J. H. Conlon, Chief of the Publicity and Transportation Division, Fisheries Department, Ot- tawa, composed a delegation of the Canadian Fisheries Association to visit Prince Rupert. Mrs. J. A. Paul- hus, Mrs. F. W. Wallace, and Mrs. L. E, Waters ac- companied the delegates, who were escorted up the Coast by Alderman Dybhayn of Prince Rupert—a delegate to the Vancouver Convention. The party sailed on the evening of June 7th on board the Grand Trunk Pacifie Steamship ‘‘Prinee Rupert,’’ and after a very pleasant voyage up the inland seas, arrived in Prince Rupert on Wednesday morning. A reception committee composed of Mayor McClymont of Prince Rupert, 8. E. Parker, President of the Board of Trade, J. D. McAuley of the Grand Trunk, T. H. Johnson, Director of the Canadian Fish- eries Association, J. Nicholls, F. Strang and many others, met the delegates at the dock and accorded them a very hearty welcome. YN ta to AL a - bas at 4 P * eee _ BY a Plant and Fleet, Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co., Ltd., Prince Rupert, B. C. Visit to Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Plant After lunch, the delegates and ladies were driven out to the plant of the Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Company, Ltd.—another mammoth Pacifie Coast fish- ing establishment and said to be the largest fishery cold storage in the world. Inspection of this wonder- ful steel and conerete seyen-storey building took up most of the afternoon and was an eye-opener to the eastern delegates who marvelled at the vastness of the operations engaged in and the scale upon which everything was done. From packing floor to glazing room, smoke house to cold storage chambers, the dele- gates toured with Mr. Johnson as guide, and the man from Ottawa was wondering if they had anything more of the gigantic in the fish line tucked away on this coast. of surprises. Entertained at Banquet The delegates who left Vancouver for Prince Rupert looked forward to a rest from the strenuous activities of the Convention City, but it was not to be. Prince Rupert is a shade smaller city than Vancouver, but q eT ee a a ae ee ee ee a a eee i ~ “ June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Prince Rupert, B. C. View from the Harbor. sce ce: ae ee 1a = Typical B. C. Coast Sal- 3 mon Cannery. Clean out- side and——_ —Spotless Inside. od et S e: ee ae 158 the Rupertonians are not any smaller in the dispen- sation of hospitality. It is a disease on ‘the Pacific Coast. The delegation expected to be marooned in Rupert for three days until the train went east, but three days never passed quicker nor more pleasantly. The evening. of Wednesday saw the delegates the honored guests at a banquet tendered them by the Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Ltd. The nicest people in Prince Rupert were present and if the cli- mate is at times somewhat damp, there is nothing dam- pening in the spirits of its citizens, nor in their efforts to make one feel perfectly at home. Though prepared at very short notice, the dinner ray T. H. JOHNSON, Prince Rupert. Manager, Can. Fish & Cold Storage Co., Ltd. Director, C. F, A. Chairman, Prince Rupert Branch. was all that could be desired—menu table and music. There was fish on there were other things as well roast mutton—by way of variants. It was a very happy party—some fifty ladies and gentlemen—and congeniality reigned. Mr. F: Perry, President of the Company, presided over the dinner, and when the coffee and cigars appeared, he very neatly tendered a welcome to the delegates, which was replied to by Mr. Paulhus and Mr. O’Connor. Speeches were short and rapidly passed by, and ecards, menu, the menu, but oxtail soup, chicken, CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. after Mrs. McLeod entertained with two or three songs sweetly rendered, the orchestra struck into dance strains and the votaries of Terpischore took the floor. Dancing continued until midnight, when prior to leav- ing, the delegates tendered a very hearty vote of thanks to the President and officials of the Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Company, Ltd., for their enter- tainment. Visit to Sunnyside Cannery, Skeena River On Thursday morning, the delegates and their ladies, accompanied by a large party of Prince Rupert ladies and gentlemen, boarded the Fisheries Patrol steamer ‘“Thomas Crosby’’ and steamed out of the harbor to- wards the Skeena River. The Association was in- debted to the Department of Marine & Fisheries for the use of the steamer and Chief Inspector J. T. Wil- liams did everything in his power to make the eruise enjoyable. As a guide and a raconteur of British Columbia history and Indian legend, Mr. Williams is a past master and always had an interested audience around him. Fine sunny weather saw the steamer heading in through the ‘‘slue’’ of the Skeena River and the can- nery establishments on that famous salmon estuary were seen nestling under the frowning, tree-clad and snow-capped heights. A cordial invitation from J. F. Strang, Manager of the Sunnyside Cannery of the Gosse-Millerd Packing Company, Ltd., to inspect his cannery was being availed of, and the steamer made fast alongside the cannery wharf about noon. While the delegates had inspected a salmon can- nery before, yet there were several points of dif- ference. The cannery in Vaneouver was located in a city with all the concomitants of civilization around it, but up here on the Skeena, the Sunnyside Cannery was a community unto itself. The skyscrapers of the Pacifie coast city overshadowed the Vancouver can- nery, but Sunnyside snuggled down to the beach ‘neath the shadow of tall timber and the towering mountains sloping steeply up from the back-yards of the cannery cottages. Your Vancouver cannery-hand took a street car or a flivver to reach home: at Sun- nyside, home was right where he worked, Long, low spacious buildings of dazzlingly white- washed wood comprised the main plant which was erected on a pile wharf over the waters of the river. Inside, the same cleanly whitewashed walls and white painted benches. A run of fresh caught salmon was being put through and steam was hissing and machines were revolving and clanking and files of filled cans were travelling on endless belts from packing table to be capped and exhausted and finally cooked in the retorts. Indian women, garbed in clean white smocks and with new cotton gloves on their hands were cleaning and packing the fish, and the whole place evi- denced sanitary efficien¢y. One need have no qualms about eating salmon packed by reliable firms in mod- ern canneries. Cleanliness is an obsession with them. On the wharves, nets were being mended or spread to dry on long poles. On one side, a row of Columbia River salmon boats were being painted or repaired. Out on the river in front of the cannery, fishermen were actually setting their nets and hauling in the salmon. All around lay the mountains, timbered to the snow-line, and with wisps of vaporous clouds eling- ing to the lush vegetation on their slopes. After a first-class lunch in the cannery mess-room where everything was as clean as a new pin and the a. a a ee a ee ee | : : menu comprised a goodly sample of the various Gosse- ‘Millerd fish products, the party inspected the cannery ug little homes, brightly painted and com- ble. The Sunnyside School, maintained by the eompany, was the last piace to be visited and one does ‘not know which was the most interesting—the cannery or the school. A smart young lady was engaged in ineuleating the rudiments of knowledge into the minds of about twenty young people—girls and boys, whites, Japanese and Indian—and they did their little best » entertain the visitors. The class sang while teacher played the piano; they recited and added and sub- tracted, while a little Japanese kid captivated the lady isitors with his apprehensive jet-black eyes and doll- e features. The little school-ma’am had her poly- uf juveniles well trained and some of the lady visi- tors, who had taught school in their own days, pro- phesied that she was not destined to remain long in a cannery school. It was with some regret that the party left the 5 ide Cannery and boarded the ‘‘Thomas Crosby’’ again, but before leaving a tribute of thanks and ap- “preciation was extended to Mr. J. F. Strang for his ospitality and kindness in entertaining the visitors. Bet tbe Board of Trade Luncheon. On Friday, the Prinee Rupert Board of Trade gave uncheon in honor of the Canadian Fisheries Asso- ciation delegation. Mr. 8. E. Parker, President of the Board. presided, and the guests were Mr. J. A. Paul- hus, Vice-President, C.F.A.; Mr. F. W. Wallace, Sec- . C.F.A.; Mr. J. T. O'Connor, Director, C.F.A., Mr. J. H Conlon of the Marine and Fisheries De- ment, Ottawa. Over fifty of the prominent busi- a men of Prince Rupert sat down to the excellent menu provided. ~The delegation were welcomed by Mayor MeCly- ‘mont who expressed the interest Prince Rupert had jn the fishing industry and everything connected with . Mr. Paulhus, in reply, stated that among the “many surprises he had experienced since coming to “this surprising coast was the reception of the dele- tion in Prince Rupert. Publicity and conservation the theme of his address. The Skeena, the speaker said, was the most pro- ductive and wealthiest river on the coast and its fu- ‘ture was in the hands of the people here. They = d consider it a duty to exploit it in such a man- ner that it would be conserved for future generations. _ Speaking of the halibut fisheries, Mr. Paulhus told of the depletion of the banks in the east where at one time the fish was abundant, but from which the Am- erican fishing fleets had taken all the halibut. They had been allowed to rest and now they were producing again. It was not wise to depend too much on legis- lation for there was a maze of legislation to protect the oyster beds of the Atlantie coast and yet the oyster fisheries had been ruined. Thirty years ago the production of these had been enormous. Restric- tions and rules had been put into effect but the beds had been completely ruined in spite of restrictions. - This was bad for the country. It was the duty of the community to work toward the welfare of the fishing industry and all try to improve it and get the best possible results. The different interests should meet on common ground and secure legislation for the bene- -of the fisheries at large. ae Supply Important. _ Mr. Paulhus urged that there be a campaign of pub- licity to induce people to use more fish He had been CANADIAN FISHERMAN 159 responsible for the National Fish Day, which was in- stituted with this object in view. He asked all to do their share in helping to conserve the fish in such a way that they would produce the largest amount of food without being destroyed. Board Views. W. E. Williams spoke of the aims of the Board of Trade in regard to’ the fisheries. He said it was sur- prising that the legislators who dealt with the fish- eries here were sixty per cent men who had never been west of the Great Lakes and ninety per cent who had never crossed the Rocky Mountains. Men‘who as- sumed the responsibilities of legislation he thought, should visit the different parts of the country so that they might be able to vote intelligently. Mr. Williams said that the aim of the Board was to conserve and to build up, and they hoped to get the rest of Canada to help them, because the supply of fish was important to all . The people here were not kickers, but they agitated for redresses, which was quite another thing. To do that was good citizenship. This was the greatest halibut port in the world and they hoped to make it the greatest salmon port. He spoke of the close season for halibut and of the differ- erice with the canners in the past over open fishing and the cannery monopoly. What they wanted now was the right to use gas boats on the river in order that the better class of white fishermen might be in- duced to follow the salmon fishing business. He urged the protection of the spawning grounds and _ local administrative control of the fisheries, with the chief administrative offices here. Plenty of Fish. Mr. Conlon spoke of the bright prospects of the town, of the welcome they had received and of the de- sire of the Ottawa departments to co-operate with the people on this coast. There was plenty of fish in the sea but the problem was to put it in the homes of the consumers. The fish belonged to the whole people and they were bound to conserve it for the whole people. He urged marketing the fish in such a manner that repeat orders would come. Mr. O’Connor spoke humorously of the weather be- ing better here than at Vancouver, of the hospitality of the people here, where the citizens were princes. The gathering of the Board at that luncheon would be a eredit, he said, to a town ten times the size. Mr. F. W. Wallace, National Secretary of the C.F.A., made the statement that neither salmon or halibut would make for the Pacific Coast a permanent fishery. He pointed out that the fishery wealth of Europe for centuries had been vested in two species of fish, namely, the cod and the herring. The cod and the herring, said Mr. Wallace, will constitute the future fishery of the Pacifie Coast. But it required aggressive development. It meant developing the cod- fish resources of the Behring Sea and the evolution of methods to successfully and economically eure and dry such fish in the moist climate of British Columbia’‘s coast. The herring fishery would have to be prosecut- ed off-shore by drifters as in the European seas, and cured according to the highest standards. There was no doubt but what the fish were off, or in proximity to British Columbia's coast, in abundance, but salmon and halibut had taken up practically all the attention of Pacific coast fishermen. The day was fast com- ing when the salmon and the halibut would have to be 160 let alone in the interests of conserving the future sup- ply. All that would be left then to keep plants and men going was the cod and herring. For the cod- fishing industry, Prince Rupert would benefit, as she is the closest port in Canada to the great banks of the Behring Sea. Concluding, the President of the Board of Trade thanked the visitors for their addresses, and the gath- ering dispersed. Ladies Entertained. The hospitality of Prince Rupert was not confined altogether towards entertaining the male members of the small delegation. The ladies of the Pacifie Coast city were just as assiduous in paying courtesies to the three ladies of the party. On Friday afternoon, a pleasant reception and tea was given at the home of Mayor McClymont when the visitors were delightfully entertained by the charming wife of Prince Rupert’s chief magistrate. ‘‘Lovely people,’’? commented an Eastern delegatess. ‘‘As in Vancouver, so it is in Prince Rupert. I am beginning to think everybody out West here cultivates two virtues—that of being exceedingly hospitable and that of being charming without formality.’’ Re-Organization of Princ? Rupert Branch, Canadian Fisheries Association y While the delegates were in Prince Rupert, a meet- ing was held in the City Council Chambers on Thurs- day evening to re-organize the Prince Rupert Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association. Those present were Messrs. J. A. Paulhus, F. W. Wallace, J. T. O’- Connor, J. H. Conlon, T. H. Johnson, J. F. Strang, Alderman Dybhavn, and Messrs. Lee, Sinclair and Starr. It was decided to, re-organize the Branch and _ re- elect new officers. Mr. T. H. Johnson was elected chairman, with Alderman John Dybhavn as _ Vice- Chairman, and Mr. Lee, Secretary. In thanking the members for electing him. Mr. Johnson stated that the Prince Rupert Branch would work in the closest harmony with the Vancouver mem- On the Skeena. Will some one page Charlie Julian? here, there and nowhere. Never could tell where he would turn up. Couldn't get the right story about that Chinatown party, but if vou will page Charlie you might get hold of the truth, although he would prob- ably draw a (red) herring across the trail. That guy was Jos. O'Connor with that ever-ready smile and the cheerful story was right up with the band wagon, and made many friends, CANADIAN FISHERMAN bers for the general development of the Pacifie Coast fisheries. He -proposed that a wire be sent President Hager congratulating him on his election to the Pre- sidency of the National organization. In conclusion, he assured the eastern delegation that he would sup-— ¥ port Mr. Hager and make the Pacifie Coast presidency a high-water mark for all other presidents to aim for. Alderman Dybhavyn paid a strong tribute to the work of the Association—an idea of which he gained at the Vancouver Convention. He was sure that the C.F.A, was the organization which rising above self- interest and pettiness, would do more to develop the fisheries of Canada than any other thing he knew of. He was glad the Prince Rupert Branch was once more in existence. Vice-President Paulhus, J. T. O’Connor and Mr. Conlon congratulated the Prince Rupert fish men in re-forming their local branch. Farewell to Prince Rupert When the Grand Trunk Paeifie transcontinental train pulled out on Saturday morning with the C.F.A. delegation aboard, a goodly crowd of Rupert friends gathered to wish the party ‘‘Bon voyage.’’ Mr. J. F. Strang, of the Sunnyside Cannery, was there with the announcement that he had a case of canned salmon for each of the delegates shipped to their home ad- dresses. ‘‘Something for you to remember Sunny- side,’’ he said. When the train stopped for a minute at the Inver- ness Cannery on the Skeena, Mr. Robert Johnson, the manager, was there with the announcement: ‘‘I’ve put some fresh caught Spring salmon in the baggage-car for you to take East with you.’’ This sort of hospi-~ tality seemed to exude from these West Coast folks, It was with real regrets that the delegates saw the mountains and fjords of British Columbia slipping be- hind as the train sped eastward. ‘‘We’ve sure had a great time,’’ we were doing it all over again. I guess I'll go and catch up on some of the sleep I’ve missed the last three weeks. The honeymoon couple were made much of, and we | Anyhow they appeared to ~ think enjoyed themselves. from the first lunch to the last dance after the ban- quet, Frank did well for a beginner, we noticed he was at the stag, all right, all right. Every one regretted that Fred James could not be a with us, but were glad he could have such a worthy re- presentative. June, 1920. — sighed one of the party, ‘‘And I wish. ; Yes, sir, we've sure had a great time!’’ \\ ZV) ‘ \\) S= K 28 SE CANADIAN FISHERMAN 161 "WS PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. for publication. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitablo SOME CONVENTION! We'll Say So When the members of the Canadian Fisheries As- sociation who remained at home hear what those who attended the convention have to say, you may be sure they will be sorry they didn’t come, In the first place it was a mighty smooth running convention. The skids were well oiled, and everything just slipped along without any hitches. National Seeretary Fred Wallace arrived on the scene of action with his fam- ily about a week ahead of the convention date, and plans were whipped into shape so that when the Trans- Canada rolled into Vancouver on the morning of June 2nd, over the C.P.R., the Eastern delegates received a royal welcome. Autos were at the station to earry the delegates to the hotel. All the autos had banners telling about fish such as. ‘*Wish—Is—Sure—Healthy’’ ‘*Rish—Industry—Shows—Headway.’”’ On the arrival at the Hotel Vancouver, the conven- tion headquarters, delegates were assigned rooms and registered. The rest of the day they did much as they pleased. Most of them rested after the long journey from the East. In the evening dinner parties were made up and informal entertainments arranged. Thursday the real doings began, and they started with a rush. The business sessions were held in the Grill Room of the hotel. Back of the chairman’s table the British and American flags were draped about the Association emblem. There were a good number of delegates from Seattle, Everett, Bellingham, and also from Portland, Ore., thus giving an international as- pect to the proceedings from the first. Just as soon as the business session was finished on the morning of the 2nd, everyone adjourned to the Jourthouse steps, and flanked on each side by eroach- ing lions (of granite) the group picture was taken. Then luncheon was in order, and for this Hotel Bar- ron was selected, which proved a good guess. A fine lunch was served and an impromptu dance was staged, as they have a very nice dance floor there. This help- ed to break the spell, and matters ripped along to a delightful accompaniment of good music. When lunch was finished everyone felt well fitted to go forward with the strenuous business session ahead. Some of the ladies went for an auto ride, and others rested up, and prepared for the reception held in the hotel Blue Room and Peacock Alley, at which tea was served. The hotel orchestra played during the reception. Meantime mere man got down to the business of the session. Much was accomplished, and then dinner parties were arranged, and it was seen to that no one was left out. In fact this was one of the secrets of the success of the whole convention. Whenever any of the visiting delegates looked as though he were lost, strayed or wasn’t sure which, he was immedi- ately taken in tow by one of the reception committee, and looked after. After dinner everyone and his wife and sister or sweetheart made ready for the theatre party. This was at the Orpheum theatre, and was en- joyed by all. A most interesting moving picture of the herring industry of British Columbia was shown. After the theatre party the ladies were taken home, and tucked in, then the men hied themselves to the Navy League, where a stag smoker was arranged. What with Vaudeville stunts, Japanese sword fights, and Jiu Jitsu, boxing and wrestling bouts, the stern end of the evening rapidly merged into the bow end of the day, and then some, so that it was in the wee sma’ hours when they thought of getting home. Even. at that several got into ‘‘Maggie’s Room.’’ Now that may be the same as the information room, as the infor- mation room certainly was well patronized, and all kinds of information was required. Here endeth the first day’s doings. Gosh! and there’s two more to come, Friday, June 4th, the second day. Business session this morning was a leetle late. Just a leetle late. The start was finally made and an interesting session took place. Just as soon as that was finished the autos took the delegates, and their ladies to the Can- adian Fishing Co.’s plant, where an inspection of the most up-to-the-minute fishing plant on the Pacific Coast was made, Under the leadership of ‘‘Bob’’ Payne, the Production Manager of the Oonipany, a 162 corps of guides took different groups under their care, and: piloted them through the wonderful plant. .It is well to bear in mind that every branch of the fishing industry is operated under one roof in this plant. Fresh, frozen, cured, smoked and canned fish all being hand- led, and the largest ice plant in Vancouver is in oper- ation the year round. The Company was fortunate in having a halibut schooner arrive during the morning, and it was being discharged when the visitors were on the tour of inspection. To many of the delegates it was some sight to see the husky fishermen juggling the halibut on the heading table catching a fish in the eye with a hook in one hand and be-heading it with r -—— mm Fo 5 1 | | R. R, PAYNE, Vancouver. Production Manager, Can. Fishing Co., Ltd. Vancouver Member who made things Pleasant for the Visitors. a heavy knife in the other hand. Bach guide had learned his lesson well, and many were told more about the fish business during the next hour than they ever heard in all their lives. Others saw more fresh and frozen fish than they had ever realized were handled in any one plant in Vancouver. The well planned smoke house, and the product it was turning out was most interesting to all. Some of those Nova Scotia chaps took some time to discuss the merits of the British Columbia product as compared with their home produets, especially the kippered herring. They had nothing to compare with the kippered salmon. We'll say they didn’t anyway. In the eannery, the ‘‘Tron Chink’’ was a source of much curiosity, and the Jap- anese women who were working at the hand packing while their little one’. played about caused some CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. amusement to those Easterners who had never seen the Oriental at work. ae After viewing the canning operations, the corner of the cannery set apart for the lunch was the next ob- jective, and upon reaching there an orchestra livened up proceedings. One lady insists she saw one fisher- man jazzing on the heading table with a dying halibut clasped to his oil skinned breast while the orchestra played. By the way this same orchestra was one of the best that could be obtained, and as it was under contract with a certain cafe, special permission had to be obtained before it could be secured for the oc-— casion. Miss Shirley White from the same cafe sang pleasantly during the lunch to which every hungry delegate did full justice as there were no leavings. Tasty menu cards were at each plate and it was a revelation to many that such an appetizing menu could consist almost entirely of fish. After the luncheon a flash light of the gathering was taken, then Mr. Hager, on behalf of the Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., weleomed his guests in a very neat speech, after which Mr. Harpell moved a resolution of thanks to Mr. Hager and the Canadian Fishing Co. for theit kindness and generosity, and asked Mr. J. T. O’Connor to second same. Mr. O’Connor made a characteristic seconding speech which well represented the sentiments of the guests, the resolution being car- ried with three cheers and a tiger. Next on the program, (it was then 2 P.M.), was the trip up Burrard Inlet on the Union Steamship Com- pany’s new steamer ‘‘Capilano’’. The steamship com- pany loaned the steamer to the Association for the oe- easion. Just at this time in the proceedings the moy- ing picture operators got busy. In addition to the of- ficial photographer, there were three machines grind- ing away when the delegates started to go on board, and while the steamer was pulling away from the dock they were still at it. Some publicity this, as these moving picture men represented as many dif- ferent news services, and these films will be shown all over the country. On board, the orchestra was play- ing, and everybody was in cheerful spirits. Although it was cloudy when the steamer started, as the head of the inlet was reached the sun shone on the distant mountains displaying the grandeur of the British Columbia scenery at its best. Those who viewed this scene as the steamer turned at the head of the Inlet will remember it for many a day. Some of those who had been on the same trip many times had never seen the view in just the same light. With daneing, and such a jolly crowd on board the trip seemed very short, and it was 6 o’clock, and the dock was in sight before anyone realized the time had slipped so rapidly. There was a short business session on board, which helped move the business end of the convention along somewhat. Autos were in waiting to take the guests back to the hotel and then private dinner parties were in order. At no time was a delegate allowed to eat | alone. Absolutely nothing doing in this respect. Not the thing a-tall! At 8 P.M. another business session was called, and meantime the ladies were ‘‘dolling up,’’ and wending their way to Mrs. Hager’s where a most delightful musicale was held. Autos were on hand for the visit- ing ladies both to and from the musicale. : At this evening business session, about every firm engaged in the fish industry was represented. It was one of the best attended sessions of the whole conven- . te ea June, 1920. CANADIAN tion. Heads of the firms who had not been able to attend the daytime sessions were present, and it was a real pleasure to see the interest shown. During the evening some most interesting moving pictures were shown by the Provincial Conservation Commission un- der the direction of Dr. Baker, the Chairman. The sea lions, at Cape St. James, and the Big Game of Northern British Columbia being of particular inter- est to the visiting delegates. Saturday the 5th, was the third and last day. The morning session started in pretty nearly on time, and some mighty important papers were read. In fact this session got so interested the luncheon nearly got cold. The luncheon this day was one for members only, given by the executive in the Rose Du Barry room in Hotel Vancouver. The ladies left during the afternoon for Capilano Canyon, and the Canyon View Hotel where they enjoyed lunch under the guidance of the ladies committee, afterwards taking a drive around Stanley Park before attending the delightful tea at Mrs. Shull’s on Shaughnessy heights. The afternoou business session was a closed session for members only. The nomination committee reported, and also the re- solutions committee. Important resolutions were pas- sed, which are recorded elsewhere in this number. This session closed the business part of the convention, and all felt that a great deal of important business had been transacted. It is certain that at no previous convention has so much business, important to the industy, been trans- acted, nor so many important scientific paper read or papers having such a great bearing on the industry. The exchange of ideas by men from different parts of the Pacifie Coast and from the East went a long way towards accomplishing results that would take years to bring about by other methods. At seven o’clock the male delegates began to gather for the banquet, which was held in the lower dining room of the hotel. At the head table were seated the newly elected president, A. L. Hagar, who also aeted as toastmaster; on his right the past president A. H. Brittain, first vice president, J. A. Paulhus, the United States Consul General, Fredk. H. Ryder, E. W. Ham- her, General Manager B. C. Mills Timber and Trading Co. Ltd., and J. J. Harpell, publisher of the Canadian Fisherman and chairman of the publicity committee of the C.F. A. On the toastmaster’s left were National Secretary, Fred. W. Wallace, 3rd Vice president and chairman of the Vancouver braneh F. BE. Burke, Prof. Jolin N. Cobb, Dean of the College of Fisheries of Washington, and Lt.-Col. L. W. Gill, Direetor of Tech- nical Education for Canada and Dean Clements of the University of B. C. The toast to ‘‘The King’’ opened the speech making. Then the Toastmaster called upon the past President to answer to the toast ‘‘East and West.’’ Mr. Brit- tain’s address was chock full of good sound sense, and went a long way to foster the good feeling between the East and West generated at the convention. After giving a report of his stewardship, Mr. Brittain placed the chain of office about Mr. Hagar’s neck thereby completing the installing of the new president. Mr. Hlagar then answered to the toast ‘‘Our Canadian Fisheries.’’ In his address Mr. Hagar demonstrated that among his other accomplishments, he is a first class after dinner speaker. His speech, which was well thought out, held the interest of his audience from the beginning. His earnest request to the mem- FISHERMAN 163 bers of the association to carry on along the lines that would work the greatest good to the industry indicated his plans for the conduct of the association affairs for the coming year. After the toast ‘‘Our Guests’? Mr. Paulhus thanked the association for his election to office, and extended A. 8. McLean, Vancouver. Secretary, Western Packers, Ltd. Who did his Share in Making the Convention a Success. a most cordial invitation to all the members who pos- sibly could, to attend the next convention which would be held in Montreal, Prof. Cobb was called upon for a speech, and ans- wered in his usual happy vein. Mr. Harpell expressed the pleasure of the delegates at the reception given them, and called for three cheers, which were given. Mr. Hagar then called up- on the chairmen of the different convention committees to stand and thanked them all very kindly for their efforts to make the convention a success, his remarks being followed by three cheers and a tiger as endorse- ment. At this time the Ladies, who had been having their banquet at the Hotel Barron, returned, and the floor was cleared for dancing, which was indulged in until the hour of midnight, when all joined hands and sang Auld Lang Syne thus ending the 4th convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association. 164 THE LADIES ENJOYED THEMSELVES. Mre. F. E. Burke, convener of the Ladies Committee, ably assisted by Mrs. A. L. Hagar, had a really en- joyable program arranged for the entertainment of the visiting lady delegates, and from the Reception on Thursday, June 3rd, the opening day, until the end of the ladies banquet on Saturday night, and the im- promtu dance with the gentlemen at the elose of their banquet, every available minute was taken up. The ladies attended the first lunch of the conven- with the gentlemen, after every one had been photographed for the group picture of the convention, which was taken on the steps of the Court House. The lunch was enjoyed by everyone, and it being held in the Barron Hotel, which has a dance floor in the dining room, the ice was thoroughly broken for all con- eerned when someone eallted for a dance. The Presi- dent, Mr. A. H. Brittain, with Mrs. Hager as a partner started the fun and then everything was all right. From that time until the end of the convention there was no stiffness to the social activities. The opening reception at which Mrs. Frank James of Toronto, and Mrs. J. A. Paulhus, of Montreal, poured, held in the Blue Room and Peacock Alley at tion Was MRS. F. E. BURKE, Vancouver. (‘onvener of the Ladies Committee. CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. MRS. A. L, HAGER, Vancouver. Who Assisted Mrs. Burke in Entertaining the Lady Visitors. Hotel Vancouver. Many of the wives of the local mem- hers attended, and welcomed the out of town ladies. In the evening the ladies joined the gentlemen in a theatre party at the Orpheum. On Friday the ladies visited the Canadian Fishing Co.’s plant in company with the gentlemen, and after a delightful and unique luneh in the cannery of the plant, all enjoyed a beautiful sail up Burrard Inlet as far as Wigwam Inn. In the evening Mrs A. L. Hager entertained at a musical at her residence on Shaughnessy Heights, Mrs. R. V. Winch and Mrs. H. 8. Clements served. Those taking part in the very enjoyable program, which was arranged by Mrs. J. E. Eckman, were Mr. and Mrs. Chambers, Mr. Pacey, Mrs. Eckman, and Miss Kentish Rankin. Saturday morning, at 10.30 the ladies were conveyed by motor cars to Capilano canyon, where after visit- ing this wonderful gorge, they lunched at the Can- yon Hotel. Returning, a drive around Stanley Park was taken, which gave all a chance to see this wonder- land at Vancouver’s front door. After the drive around Stanley Park, Mrs, Harry Shull entertained at tea at her residence, Mrs. D. W. Branch of Seattle, and Mrs. A. L. Hager poured. On Saturday evening the ladies’ banquet was held at Hotel Barron, while the gentlemen were holding theirs at Hotel Vancouver. The ladies had a very good attendance at their banquet, and afterwards joined the men at the Hotel Vancouver where an im- promptu dance was held at the conclusion of which joined hands in singing Auld Lang Syne. s. F. E. Burke and her committee deserves a deal of credit for the preparing and carrying out ‘the ladies program. Mrs. A. L. Hager, Mrs. James idrews and Mrs. Harry Shull comprised the com- ree, and these ladies certainly made the visiting es feel that they were welcome, and all that Van- ver could offer was theirs for the asking. ae There was an average attendance of nearly fifty dies at the different functions. FISHERY EXPERTS BROUGHT TOGETHER RESULT OF RECENT CONVENTION e of the first direct results of the C. F. A. con- on in Vancouver was the bringing together of the experts of British Columbia, the State of Wash- n, and the State of Oregon. All these districts many matters in common, which are of interest each and every official in the respective districts. was the first time in the history of the industry all were brought together on the common basis exchanging information as to different methods eonnection with their work. As a result of these vussions Messrs. J. A. Rodd, Dominion Superintend- f Fish Culture, of Ottawa, and Col. F. H. Cunning- Chief Inspector of Fisheries for British Columbia, the Bonneville hatchery at Bonneville, Oregon, is operated by the State Fisheries Commission. visit has resulted in the getting together of men ve never met although they knew of each other z engaged in work along the same lines. From on there is no doubt that the general exchange ideas will result in benefit to all concerned, It is such events as these that mean long strides ahead the fishing industry. On the Pacifie Coast the ion of fish culture is along practically parallel in the United States, and Canada, and the ex- ging of ideas will result in a decided benefit to engaged in the industry. Advancement in any in- dustry for the good of all must be along the lines of co-operation, and this co-operation can best be obtained by members of the association representing that par- lar industry taking an active interest in the as- sociation work. CONVENTION SHOWS IMPORTANCE OF ASSOCI- _ ATION ACTIVITIES IN THEIR RELATION ie TO THE FISHING INDUSTRY. Co-operation seems to prevade any gathering of busi- ; men, engaged in the same line of endeavor, at the present time. This was examplified recently at the convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association. For ‘some time past there have been attempts made to have an advisory board appointed by the Department of Marine and Fisheries to administer the fisheries of British Columbia. This matter was thoroughly dis- -eussed at the convention, and there was an evident desire on the part of the members of the association to get together on a common basis with the idea of arriving at some arrangement whereby matters relat- ing to the industry as a whole, and in particular in regard to the Pacific Coast, be taken up by the execu- e of the Canadian Fisheries Association. It was Suggested that all matters relating to the industry be taken up by the executive of the Association, as presenting the entire industry, (and this would mean 0-operation with the fishermen where they were dir- interested), and they in turn would place such natter before the Chief Inspector or Officer in charge e Fisheries Division who represented the Depart- t Ottawa. The Department in turn would place CANADIAN FISHERMAN 165 any suggested changes in regulations, ete., before the executive, through the Officer in Charge, and they in turn would place the suggested changes before the in- dustry so that the industry would have a chance to pass on such changes, before same were put into operation. It has been stated that the Officer-in- Charge has certain powers which he may _ exercise without taking the matter up at Ottawa. If this is so then matters requiring immediate attention may be handled wihout undue delay. If on the other hand it was found that the officer does not have the authority, then it would be up to the executive to take the mat- ter up at Ottawa at once, and find out why this power was not given to the Officer-in-Charge. This suggestion was endorsed for a try out for the coming year after some discussion, when a resolution to make a request for a board of control to be appoint- ed for the fisheries of British Columbia was withdrawn. This was a long step in the right direction, and it is believed that Ottawa will appreciate the position taken by the industry, as represented by the Canadian Fish- eries Association. This is as it Should be. By the executive handling matters affecting the in- dustry, which are to be placed before the Officer-in- Charge, it means that those directly affected by new regulations and laws, and changes, will have the hand- ling of such matters. This is as it should be. It is also well to bear in mind the fact that such an arrangement is Non-political, non-partisan, industrial and economical, and through the exeeutive every branch of the industry is represented. The Officer-in-Charge, is the direct representative of the Government, and it is through him that all mat- ters pertaining to the industry should be handled. If it is found that he does not have the authority to handle such matters then it is time to go to headquarters and find the reason why. If matters eannot be ad- justed new laws altering such conditions should be put on the books. As regards matters that need immediate action, as affecting the preservation of the different varieties of fish, it is understood that the Officer-in-Charge is clothed with full powers to take such steps as are deemed necessary at once. With this method of procedure decided upon, it is up to the members of the association to carry out these plans for the coming year, and give them a fair trial, STORMY WEATHER INTERFERES WITH FISH. ING ON WEST COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. For some time previous to the middle of June there had been very stormy weather on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. The result has been that the catch of spring salmon is very much smaller than last year at this time. This also applies to pilchard. The fish seem to be there but it has been so rough the boats simply could not fish. When it was calm enough to go out the returns were good. It is expected that the catch of pilchards will improve as the weather gets better. LABEL EXHIBIT GOES TO OTTAWA. .. Upon the request of Mr, J, H. Conlon, Fish Market- ing and Publicity Commissioner of the Fisheries De- partment at Ottawa, the display of canned fish labels which was shown at the Fisheries Convention in Van- couver has been shipped to Ottawa for exhibition pur- poses. This speaks well for the display and will no doubt create a considerable amount of interest wher- ever shown. 166 A UNIQUE IDEA. F. E. Payson, Secretary of the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association secured the names of prominent fish men, fish culturists and officials, who attended the cony ention by having each man place his signature on the large association emblem which ‘ hung behind the chairman at the business sessions. This will be framed and hung in the Association office in Vancouver, as a memento of the 1920 convention. CANADIAN—UNITED STATES. Sockeye Salmon Treaty Signed. On May 25th, the treaty between Canada-and the United States providing for the preservation, protec- tion and propagation of the ‘‘Sockeye’’ salmon in waters contiguous to the United States and Canada in the Fraser Kiver System, was signed by Ambassador Sir Auckland Geddes for Great Britain, Sir Douglas Hazen tor Canada and Secretary Colby tor the United States. SUPPLY OF LEATHER WILL BE MUCH AUG- MENTED If PLANS TALKED OF ARE PUT . INTO EFFECT, There is considerable talk in British Columbia of utilizing sea lion skins for leather. This has already been done in the United States to a limited extent, and one or more companies may be incorporated in the Pacific Coast provimce to carry out the idea. CANNED SALMON LABEL DISPLAY. In the rotunda of Hotel Vancouver, during the con- vention, there was a display of labels used on the can- ned fish that aroused considerable interest. These were neatly arranged on cardboard, and rested on a table especially prepared for them. The names of the different firms to whom the labels belonged were at the top of each ecard, and not only the generai public commented on the unique display but many engaged in the industry studied the different designs and col- ors. The B. C, Printing and Litho Co., Ltd., kindly arranged the cards, and also had some of their own labels on display. FISHERIES DISPLAY CREATED A LOT OF INTEREST. The experimental station of the Dominion depart- ment/of Fisheries sent over a display from their station at New Westminster. This consisted of plaster casts of the different varieties of salmon, mounted on suit- able boards, with placards stating the variety. These were in colors, and much interest was shown. by the general public. Sets of glass tubes containing the different kinds of salmon eggs, showing the different stages of development from the spawn to the time when the sac had been absorbed, aroused great interest among the public who had never before seen such a thing. This exhibit was from the MHarrison Lake Hatchery, of which Mr, Alex Robertson is in ‘charge. WINDOW DISPLAY COMPETITION DURING THE CONVENTION, The following were awarded prizes for the best dis- plays of fresh, cured and canned fish, the competition for which was held during the convention in Van- couver. CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. Best Window Display, Fresh and Cured Fish. First Prize Economy Market, (Chris Johnson), 71 Hastings Street, West. le * P. Burns and Co., Ltd., Mainland Mar- a ket, 16 Hastings Street, West. et Best Stall Display, Fresh and Cured Fish. First Prize A. Harrison, Stalls 27, 28 and 29, Cal- é Van Market. ye Second ”’ §. Christopher, Stall 9, Cal-Van Market. i; Best Window Display, Canned Salmon. First Prize MeTaggart’s Grocery, Corner Robson and Howe Streets. Kirkham’s Grocerteria, Street. Miss D. Bourne. Na By holding the window and stall displays there was a certain amount of interest aroused by the retail sec- tion of the industry, and this in turn is bound to he — spread among the consumers of fish, and this is what io every convention should attempt to do. ; Second Second _,, 1085 °°" "Robson COLUMBIA RIVER PRICES SET BY THE CANNER. _ IES AND COLD STORAGE PLANTS. i Prices to be paid the fishermen on the Columbia River by the canneries and cold storage plants was set at a meeting held in May by these two branches of — the industry. No chinooks under 18 pounds are to be taken. Those weighing over 8 pounds will bring 12 cents per lb., steelheads 9 cents, bluebacks 91%4 cents, silversides (cohoes) 3 cents, shad 1 cent, white stur- geon 10 cents, green sturgeon 5 cents, These figures — are lower than that set by the fishermen’s union, which were 14 cents for cannery chinooks, and- 16 ; cents for the large or cold storage chinooks. The dif- ference being on weight, which would be 23 pounds and over for the cold storage fish. a The prices set are different from 1919 prices as fol- - lows: a Chinook three quarter cent higher, steelhead 1 cent — higher, bluebacks three quarter cent higher, silversides and shad 2 cents lower, white sturgeon three quarter cent higher, green sturgeon no change. a A. H. SHERMAN AND CO., LTD., PURCHASE PORT 4 RENFREW CANNERY. a Mr. A. H. Sherman reports the purchase of the Port : : Renfrew Cannery from Balfour, Guthrie and Co., by — the A. H. Sherman Co., Ltd. This Cannery is situated on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, and was bought in by the Balfour, Guthrie Co. when the De- fiance Packing Co. assets were sold at auetion the first part of May. WOULD INCLUDE FISHING LICENSES, The question was broached by R. T. Harding at a sitting of the Crown Lands Commission of the Ontario — Government of extending the scope of the inquiry, taking in mining concessions and fishing licenses. The Crown representative said he had been thinking abou this, and he had discovered recently that there was a very large number of timber and mining lands mixed up ‘together, Mr. Justice Riddell said that with these matters and fishing licenses they would be dealing with practically all the national resourees. The question of extending the scope was a matter for the Govern- — ment, a Bi . _ gineer, Mr. John McHugh. the Naas River near the American Boundary. _ 18 not a new license but one that the cannery have had June, 1920 CANADIAN NEW FISH COMPANY FORMED Canadian Fish Products, Limited, has been granted incorporation by the Federal Government, with a cap- ital stock of $15,000,000, and with the chief place of business at Halifax, N. 8. The incorporators are L. E. Vernon of Portland, Maine, R. A. Pringle K. C., Louis Cote, T. A. Burgess, and R. H. Pringle of Ottawa. The company is authorized to carry on the business of fish- ing in all its branches. MR. J. A. RODD, SUPERINTENDENT OF FISH CUL- TURE, OTTAWA, VISITS BRITISH COLUMBIA. During the latter part of May and first part of June, Mr. J. A. Rodd visited British Columbia and inspected every fish hatchery in the district. Many of the hatch- eries were new to Mr. Rodd, and some of the Northern British Columbia country was an eye-opener and proved most interesting to him. The Inspector found the Vancouver Island hatcher- ies well kept, and the officers in charge showed great interests in their duties. The hatcheries visited on Van- eouver Island were Cowichan Lake, Anderson Lake and Kennery Lake. At Cowichan and Anderson lakes practically all the fry had been distributed as the season is earlier than Kennedy Lake, and Owikano Lake on Rivers Inlet, where the fry was still in the troughs and ponds. There were found to be in first ¢lass condition. The trip to these hatcheries was made in the fisher- jes cruiser ‘‘Givenchy’’, and Mr. Rodd was acecompan- ied by Chief Fisheries Inspector Cunningham of Van- couver. Mr. Rodd also visited the Harrison Lake hatchery where the new system of hatching salmon eggs in gravel is being tried out. This is a near to nature system, and the hatchery officials say that considerable more experiments would have to be tried out before it would replace the trough system now in use. Another trip that proved most interesting was that to the new hatchery at Lakelse Lake, which Mr. Rodd made in company with the Fisheries Department en- Mr. Rodd made the trip North by steamer, and returned by rail catching the train at Terrace, which was a new trip for him. During the convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association, Mr. Rodd was an active figure, being one of the representatives of the Dominion Fisheries De- partment, and also taking a keen interest in the hatch- ery questions which came up during the convention and which caused a great deal of discussion. The visits of the heads of the different departments from Ottawa greatly assist in keeping the industry in touch with affairs at headquarters, and also bring the heads in close touch with the industry, and these visits cannot be made any too frequent. Mr. Rodd had a most interesting trip, and has prob- ably been brought in closer touch (owing to the con- vention being held at the same time) with the in- dustry than ever before. It is to be hoped he will make the trip again at an early date, WALES ISLAND CANNERY BUILDS TRAP AT NAAS RIVER. The Wales Island Cannery are constructing a trap at This for some time. It is reported that the Americans are _ planning on so many traps in the vicinity of the Can- _ adian Boundary this year. FISHERMAN 167 SALMON LICENSES SO FAR ISSUED SMALLER THAN LAST YEAR. Although there have been fewer licenses issued for canneries, purse seines, and gill nets, it does. not mean that the number will be issued for fishing may not be as large as last year. The fact|that there is no date limit, and that a man may be hunting schools of sal- man, and not want to ask for a license until he knows what area he will want to fish in, may account for the slowness of applications coming in.. On May 27th the following licenses had been issued: 47 cannery; 54 Purse seines; 15 trap net; 18 drag seine ; 885 Gill net for the Fraser River; 408 Gill net for district No. 2 or waters North of Cape Caution and extending to the Alaskan Boundary; 77 gill net for district No. 3 or waters contiguous to Vancouver Island, and 17 herring Purse Seine Licenses. NOTES OF THE INDUSTRY. Mr. 8. K. Murray of the Goose-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd., has returned from his holidays. “Mr. R. R. Payne and wife are back from a motor trip to Portland, Ore., and way points. ‘‘Bob’’ is production manager for the Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., and this trip was taken after the C. F. A. Convention. He says he needed it. Mr. Fred Mathers, is again a familiar face among this Company's efficient force. MARKED SALMON. William W: Walsh of the Bureau of Fisheries, Wash- ington, D. C., writes us regarding an item in last months Canadian Fisherman. On page 132 of your May issue there appears a note concerning a ‘‘marked’’ salmon caught by E. 8. Hicks of Lewis Channel, B. C, It is stated that the ‘‘mark’’ bore the legend ‘‘FR2- L1891”’ in a circle. Is it not possible that the gentle- men who deciphered the legend had rather yivid im- aginations? For, from the very brief description, it appears highly probable that the mark was the work of a lamprey. Many of the Lamprey sears found on salmon bear a striking resemblance to the impression of a stamp or brand. A photograph of one of these sears on the tail of a salmon is enclosed, 168 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Finally Amendment to Fish Inspection Act Passed Ottawa, July 2 (Special to Canadian Fisherman).—- Bill No. 50 to amend the Fish Inspection Act has be- come law. After a long struggle in committee, and after having been all but forgotten by everyone con- cerned, the government got the measure through in the final hours of the dying session, and the bill pass- ed after three o’clock on the morning of Dominion Day, 1920. The chief antagonists of the bill had gone home, secure, as they thought, in the knowledge that a vote on the bill could not be reached before prorogation; and, indeed, it seemed as though such would be the case, for at three o’clock on the morn- ing of the final day of the session, the bill still stood on the Order Paper of the Commons, and it appeared as though the ministers and the House were too sleepy to see it through. 3 The Minister of Marine, Hon. C. C. Ballantyne, it is stated would have forgotten it entirely, had there not been in the official gallery an officer of the Fish eries Department who had an intense interest in see- ing that measure become law. He therefore ‘‘put a flea in the minister’s ear,’’ and the bill was given the committee stage amid a storm of protests from the leader and near-leaders of His Majesty’s Loyal Oppo- sition. The debate on the bill was brief. to go into committee on the bill. Hon. Mackenzie King: This is a pretty late hour in the day’s sitting to bring up further business. Hon. Mr. Ballantyne: This bill was before the House some weeks ago and was referred to the Select Stand- ing Committee on Marine and Fisheries. The Gov- ernment is anxious to get the bill through, and the committee has reported favorably on it. It is merely a bill providing for compulsory inspection of fish. Hon. Mackenzie King: Was the committee unani- mous on the bill? Hon. W. S. Fielding: [ have a rather divided opin- ion about this bill. As I remarked at an earlier stage, I know the object of the bill is a good one in provid- ing for inspection, especially in relation to our foreign trade. I have some doubt whether the bill is satis- factory to the fishermen generally, and that is also a matter of divided opinion. Although I recognize that the object of the bill is a good one, I think we need some more education am- ongst our fishermen before they will accept it. If the minister wishes to press the matter tonight, I can only press my objection on that ground, The bill was reported from committee, read a third time and passed. An amendment made in committee was coneurred in by the House. This provides that where a packer of fish shall have used an unsatisfactory barrel, the onus shall be upon the maker and packer of the barrel, rather than upon the dealer handling the fish. The motion was The clause in question was amended to read: _ ‘*(See. 1) If any container packed with fish which is required by this act or by any regulation to be marked is unmarked, such container and the fish therein shall be held by the inspector until the name of the maker is ascertained and marked thereon and the ‘maker shall be liable to the penalties elsewhere provided for in this act.’’ _ Fishery Department officials are jubilant over hay- ing the bill through. They claim the only objection to it In committee was that it could not be worked, and now they are prepared to demonstrate, if given a chance, that it can be worked without any great hard- ship to anyone except men who seek to evade the law. LUNENBURG FOUNDRY COMPANY LIMITED. On another page of this issue will be seen the ad- vertisement of the Atlantic marine motor, built by the Lunenburg Foundry “Co. Ltd., Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. This company have been building engines for a good many years as a side line to their other products, and supplying the local trade. The reput- ation of the engine was such that it brought engines from distant fields and the company about five years ago after a change of managers, decided to enlarge their premises in order to take care of the increased demand. The first addition was put to the plant in 1915 and since then each year a new addition has been added and new modern machinery installed, so that the company are now able to take care of the big volume of business which they receive. Three years ago their engine the Atlantic was introduced in New- foundland with the results that today it is the leading engine in this field. : During the last two years the company found it necessary to run a day and night shift when the out- put reached over 100 engines per month. built the Steering Gears, Windlasses, Slips Pumps Hoisting Outfits, Stoves and Ranges and it is 1 to or Newfoundland during the past five years that is not equipped with their product. as far as Greece. In 1915 the plant oeeupied a floor space of 23,300 — square feet while today the floor space is 41,740. this, > of course, includes the floor space of their new con- crete office building. The cut of the plant as shown — in the advertisement does not show the plant as it is today, unfortunately a new cut could not be procured at the time of going to press. 2 Much credit for the progress of the plant is due Mr. D. M. Kisenham who took over the m i in 1915. eit. I On _and hard to ~ | find a sailing vessel built in the Maritime Provinces A good many of their outfits go to the ship yards in the State of — Maine, to the Island of Jamaica and some going even — They also | June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 169 Something About Acadia Engines and the Acadia Plant It is plainly evident that the Acadia Gas Engines and copper, and converts them into a marine and Limited, and their subsidiary Companies do not in- tend to ‘‘drive in the other fellow’s dust.”’ | Since the parent concern was first organized in 1908 by the present General Manager and President of the Company, Mr. W. T. Ritcey, they have steadily increased and advanced from a small local concern to the largest manufacturers of Marine Engines in ~ Canada. As will be seen by the cut they are exhibiting at the Canadian Industrial Exhibition in London, England, and it is a safe prophesy to make that the Acadia Gas Engines and their subsidiary Companies will get their full share of the business in Europe. Mr .W. T. Ritcey is looking after the Exhibition personally and is assisted by Mr. D. A. O'Neil, form- erly Manager of their Newfoundland Branch. It was recently the pleasure and privilege of the writer to visit the plant of the Acadia Gas Engines Limited, Acadia Stationary Engines Limited and the _ Acadia Motor Car and Trucy Company Limited, of Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, and to trace step by step the process which takes gray iron, brass, steel, bronze stationary gas engine, which provides efficient and reliable power at very moderate cost. It will be impossible to describe in detail each step in the process of making an Acadia gas engine. We will, however, touch upon a few of the more important things and will describe with some particularity the chief parts of that wonderful machine; which has done so much to make the fisherman’s life pleasant and happy. In the upper chamber in the Acadia plant, from plans and blue prints, the wooden, brass, and aluminum patterns of the various parts which compose the Acadia engine, are manufactured. These patterns then go to the foundry, a modern structure with modern equipment. ‘To the casual observer this shop resembles an ordinary stove foundry, but closer inspection re- veals a number of important differences. Not only do we find an iron furnace, as in a stove foundry, but brass furnaces as well. Then the moulding of the parts for an engine offer greater difficulty than in the case of a stove, for the reason that an engine PrEEceee TTT | | q i Es Plant of Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, Bridgewater, N.S. FISHERMAN CANADIAN Foundry of Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, Bridgewater, N.S. A Corner in the Machine Shop of Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, Bridgewater, N.8. June, 1920 CANADIAN is more complex. The mold of the outside of an engine evlinder, for instance, is fashioned in ordinary mould- ing sand by the use of the wooden or aluminum pat- terns. The molds for the bore and water jacket, are made by mixing sand, core oil and other ingredients together, molding the sand into the required shape in what are called core boxes, and then baking these cores in a room or oven. When they come from the oven these cores can be handled without breaking, provided care is exercised. The cores are placed in the flank or wooden case containing the molds. Every- thing is carefully prepared, the two parts of the flask are clamped together and all is in readiness for the cast. In the top of the flask is an aperture through which the liquid metal runs, the casting being done as in the case of stoves and ranges. The heat of the molten metal burns up the oil used in making the core mold, and the sand falls away from the casting, the same as the green sand, which has been mixed with water. * After being taken out of the flasks, the castings are carried to the sand blast and mill rooms to be cleaned, later being taken to the machine shop, where very interesting work is done. Upon entering the machine shop, one is attracted by a very large machine, which suggests a turret on a man-of-war. This is a Bullard vertical boring and reaming machine, specially designed for the purpose of boring gas engine cylinders. After being bored the outside surfaces or bosses of the cylinder are milled to make perfectly square and true joints, and they are drilled by the use of a machine called a jig, which accurately places each hole and makes them strictly interchangeable. Various operations follow in quick succession, until finally the cylinder goes to the paint shop where it is cleaned and painted later going to the basement where t!,e water jacket is tested. Eventually the cylinder finds itself in the erecting shop where the assemblers do their work. The water jacket of the Acadia cylinder has a large space completely encircling the combustion chamber, which ensures a cool piston, avoiding the possibility of over heating and making the engine more efficient. The principal parts of a gas engine are of course the cylinder, crank cases, crank shaft, connecting rod, piston. igniter, and carburetor. We have referred to the eylinder and now we will describe the other parts of the Acadia engine. The crank cases are made of cast iron and are sur- faced on milling machines or by heavy shapers giving a true surface. They are designed for large bearings which are made of a high grade babbitt metal, reamed to standard size and guaranteeing a perfect running bearing. The crank case of each two cycle Acadia en- gine has either one or two large hand holes which per- mit quick removal of the connecting rod. The crank ease of each four cycle Acadia has a door which is secured with a Spring and allows the operator to work at the connecting rod with ease. Acadia crank shafts are drop-forged from specially designed dies and made to open hearth steel by large _drop-forging Companies. The bearings are large and made to exact size; the cranks are guaranteed against breaking. The connecting rods are of the 1 beam design and are made extra long to eliminate the lateral strain as much as possible. The rods are made of a high FISHERMAN 171 mixture of bronze in the two cycle and steel in the four cycle, which is designed to withstand the severe shocks and stresses set up by the force of the explo- sions. The wrist pin end is made to fasten the pin securely to the connecting rod and the crank pin end is fitted with bearings of the best quality of white metal, and so constructed that any wear occurring may be readily taken up or adjusted by the removal of liners. ~ Acadia pistons are the same high grade iron as the cylinders so that the expansion is the same. They are of the trunk pattern, being extra long and the two eyele engines have a curved baffle plate to prevent the entering charge from mixing with the exploded gases. The rings are ground true and are eccentric, so that they will expand with equal pressure against the walls of the cylinder, making a perfect compres- sion. The piston bushings in which the wrist pin turns are the best quality of Phospor bronze and are interchangeable. W. T. RITCEY, President The make and break Igniter is a special feature of the Acadia engine on account of its simplicity. The number of parts used in its construction are reduced to a minimum and each part can be removed and replaced at little expense. The igniter is held in place on the motor by two steel studs and nuts, and is pro- vided with a copper gasket so that a slight strain on these nuts will make a tight joint. The spark points can be readily adjusted without removing the Igniter and the electrical current cannot be short ctr- cuited by water, which has much to do with the super- ior operation of the engine. All Acadia two cycle engines are designed to lubri- eate through the gasoline supply, which is the most re- liable and accurate method. The. heavy duty types are also fitted with sight feed oilers which oil the cylinder and wrist pin in piston, and the crank pin is CANADIAN lubricated by means of a centrifugal ring oiler which is a positive Jubrication. Acadia combined kerosene and gasoline injector car- buretor has proved a great success because of its sim- plicity and efficiency, and its adaptability to any of the thousands of two cycle engines in use. This car- buretor is attached to the engine by means of one connection only and will burn kerosene with equally as good results as any carburetor, either kerosene or gasoline in use at the present time. The Acadia is built both in two and four eycle type, and is very simple in design making it easy for the beginner to operate. Nearly every part going in- to the construction of this excellent engine is manu- factured in the Acadia plant, the only exceptions be- ing the necessary electrical apparatus, and small parts such as priming cups and stop cocks which are manu- factured by specialists in that line of work. After being assembled the engine is taken to the testing shop, where it undergoes a most rigid test lasting from one to five hours. Later the engine is painted, numbered, crated and made ready for ship- ment, The growth of the business of the Acadia Company has been remarkable. Starting twelve years agou in a building 32 x 50 feet, with an output of 35 engines per year, the company has grown to such an extent, that ‘today they occupy 65,000 square feet of floor space. They had the usual success last year, having an increase of sales of 40 per cent. over 1918. The engine they manufacture chiefly is of the Make and ‘Limited,—a building of FISHERMAN June, 1920. Break Heavy Duty type, and in addition to their large business in Canada, they control 50 per cent. of the engine business in Newfoundland: The rough coast of Newfoundland is known to all, and the faet of the ‘‘Acadia’’ meeting with such sticcess there shows it must be an engine most suited for the fisher- men. They make large shipments regularly to St. John’s, where they have their Newfoundland braneh, and last spring they had a trainload in one shipment. Mr. Ritcey realizing that the trade required a four cycle Marine Engine engaged one of the best designers in the United States and is now manufacturing heavy duty four cycle engines from ten to forty horse power in one, two, three and four cylinders, We next visited the garage operating under the name of Acadia Motor Car and Truck Company two stories in height built of conerete blocks. Next we visited the Acadia Stationary Engines Limited. This company has one of the finest buildings for a machine shop, to be found in Eastern Canada. It is built of brick with conerete basement and is two stories in height. The top floor is equipped with a modern wood-work- ing machine shop, for carpentering and the making of patterns, core boxes, etc., also a paint shop where the Stationary Engines are finished and enamelled. In addition there is the shipping room, also a drafting room and an office which is particularly bright and nicely finished, The next floor below contains the machine shop ACADIA GAS ENGINES{LD: LARGEST MANUFACTURERS OF MARINE ENGINES IN CANADA _BrincewATER. NOVA Scorta._ AGENTS WANTED View of Exhibition at Canadian Exposition, London, England Si June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 173 and here will be found some of the latest machines on the market including an automatic screw machine, Bullard boring mill, an especially designed cylinder machine of large capacity, planer and numerous other machines. The engines are tested in the basement where they also have a store room and wash room for the men. The 41%4 and 6 H.P. Acadia Stationary Engines are in great demand for hoisting on board schooners, saw- ing, ete., and the 244 and 3% are used where engines of smaller horse power are required. The 15% ELP. Engine is used exclusively for lobster pot hoists, seal- ing machines, milking machines, ete. The plant of the Company is conveniently located, the buildings are admirably adapted for their purpose, * the machinery particularly well arranged and the sys- tem of work of undoubted excellence. In a word their facilities for manufacturing gas engines are splendid and one can well understand the reason that their business has grown to such an extent. A growth so wonderful, so phenomenal must be the result of un- doubted merit. The Acadia gas engine has assuredly ‘*made good.’’ With so courteous, capable and energetic a president and general manager as Mr. W. T. Ritcey; with an of- fice force of undoubted ability, and a band of expert, faithful mechanics, Acadia Gas Engines Limited is to be heartily congratulated, for the future assuredly holds big things for the flourishing manufacturing in- dustry on the banks of the beautiful LaHave. ware — i The Up-to-date Concrete Block Garage of the Acadia Gas Engines, Limited, Bridgewater, N.S. 174 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Acadia Crank Shafts Acadia Cylinder— Two Cycle Acadia Piston— Two Cycle STATIONARY é ; ELEOTRODE $ Acadia Connect- \ SPARK POINT uf H \ ing Rod— MICA WASHERS ‘| ip hae eat Two Cycle AND Mica Tu warsatnagh ax 2A ed 4 \ STATIONARY ELECTROOE NUTS BINDER SCREW Ov. MOVABLE ELECTRODE Sening Acadia Igniter—Two and Four Cycle One Cylinder, Two Cycle Gas Engine, 6% H.P. 20 H.P., Two Cylinder, Four Cycle, meavy Duty, Acadia Marine Engine 1 r 5 oe ee ee ee |= CANADIAN FISHERMAN FRANK E. DAVIS FISHERIES, LIMITED. Yarmouth, N. S. PRODUCERS, CANNERS, CURERS and EXPORTERS of ALL KINDS OF FISH Offices : Branches : Freeport, N.S. Boston, Mass., U.S.A. Clarks’ Harbour, N.S. Turpentine Island, N.S. Gloucester, Mass., U.S.A. Port Maitland. N.S. Grand Manan, N.B. Cable Address: Privis. Our Motto: “Right from the Fishing Boats to you.” | 176 CANADIAN FISHERMAN June, 1920. THE MARITIME FISH LES PART OF THE MARITIME FISH CORPORATION’S PLANT, DIGBY, N. S. TO SUPPLY THE CANADIAN PUBLIC’ WITH “QUALITY” FISH— FRESH, FROZEN, SMOKED, CANNED, PICKLED, DRIED, BONED—produced with modern equipment, handled in a sanitary manner, and placed on the market at moderate prices is the aim of the MARITIME FISH CORPORATION, LTD. This object was the inspiration which resulted in the formation of the MARITIME FISH CORPORATION, LTD., in 1910, and ten years in business has been a record of living up to that ideal. The MARITIME FISH CORPORATION, LTD., was or- ganized ten years ago by consolidating the plants and businesses of the Canso Cold Storage Co., Ltd., and the Whitman Fish Co., Ltd., of Canso, N.S.; Short & Ellis and Howard Anderson of Digby, N.S.; the Pion- eer Steam Trawling Co., Ltd., Halifax, N.S. and A. H. Brittain & Co., Montreal. The amalgamation was the result of Mr. A. H. Brittain’s belief that the consump- tion of fish in Canada could be greatly developed if modern facilities of production, preparing and market- ing were employed. The plants at Canso and Digby are located near prolific fishing grounds at both ends of the Province of Nova Scotia and are linked up with rapid transportation facilities to inland markets by the Canadian Government and Canadian Pacific Railways. HEAD OFFICE - MONTREAL = ~ June, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 17 _CORPORATION, LIMITED — a The Pioneer Steam Trawling Company, Ltd., of Halifax highest. The manufactured fish products of the Com- E were the first to inaugurate modern methods of fish- pany —Finnan Haddies, Smoked Fillets, Canned j ing in Eastern Canada. Their initial experiments were “Chicken Haddies’”’ and Canned Codfish Flakes—have : carried to a successful application by the MARITIME secured an ever increasing market in Canada, the . FISH CORPORATION, LTD., and the Corporation’s United States and other countries through the. main- = trawlers were the first to successfully prosecute the tenance of a high standard of quality in product and : fishery for fresh market fish on the Atlantic Coast of package. 4 Canada. The officers of the Company are J. W. Pyke, President; iy With strict adherence to the principles responsible for A. H. Brittain, Vice-President and General Manager; = the formation of the Company, the MARITIME FISH UH. G. Connor, Secretary-Treasurer; H. B. Short, Man- a CORPORATION, LTD., have secured a reputation for ager of the Digby, N.S., plant; H. F. Robinson, Manager 4 their products in Canada and abroad which is of the of the Canso, N.S., plant. FISH DOCK WITH COLD STORAGE IN REAR AT CANSO, N. S., PLANT : PLANTS ~ DIGBY & CANSO,N.S. 178 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Fisheries NOVA SCOTIA’S ENORMOUS Afford an Unequalled Market fo1 - and Wonderful Opportunities for The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspe- reaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Shell Fish.---All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore fisheries. If You Are Buying Fish--- If You Have Capital To Invest--- If You Are a Practical F isherman--- GONG se ppeeete a peer aerate For Full Particulars Regarding | —W. B. MacCOY, “insu CANADIAN FISHERMAN 179 of Nova Scotia FISHERY RESOURCES Buyers of Fish & Fish Products liivestment and Employment t The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great : offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for the economi- cal exploitation by fishing vessels of the larger type. Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight----the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. coME TO NOVA SCOTIA! Scotia’s Resources write f? Hollis Street, Halifax ae i A 180 CANADIAN FISHERMAN OILED CL OTHING —— “SCYCO” “Fishermen’s” Soft Finish Garments Are Especially Adapted For the Fishing Trade Write us for Price List MANUFACTURED BY SCYTHES & COMPANY LIMITED TORONTO, MONTREAL. WINNIPEG, Cable Address : ‘‘McZatzman,” St. John, N.B., Canada. Code used A. B. C. Fifth Edition McCormack & Zatzman 77 SMYTHE ST., ST. JOHN, N.B., CANADA Largest Packers and Curers of | Wholesale Dealers and Curers of Salt Alewives in Canada. Fresh, Frozen and Salt Fish. FRESH and FROZEN—Market and Steak Cod, Haddock, Mackerel, Gaspereau, Salmon, Smelt, Halibut, Eels and Sturgeon. SMOKED—Boneless Herring in 10 lb. Boxes; Kippers, Bloaters and Finnan Hadkies. PICKLED~Salt Alewives, Scotch Cured Herring, Bismark Herring and Bellycuts. SALT DRIED—Cod Haddock and Hake; Boneless Cod, Stripped Cod. Red and Blue Label a i if a Wet Weather Garments | sy Carloads or less to all parts of Canada and United States. * CANADIAN FISHERMAN 18] nt) LIMITED — CPR INTING eb The Gold LadenGalleon ~>— am To The Wind Spread Her Sail. So WillAGoodLabel —™ = Your Fish Help TheSale~ Bets akon | tt HT 182 CANADIAN FISHERMAN BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have proved most satisfac- fory are... =. . HALIFAX and ACADIA Refuse Inferior Substitutes ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, LUNENBURG, N.S. Sold Everywhere The Silver Fox Canned Mackerel PACKED BY W. E. AGNEW Is one of the best Deep Sea Foods obtainable; is fast taking the place of other canned fish. Now ready for delivery. F. J. BUOTE, Exporter, Tignish, Prince Edward Island Phone Intervale 720 S. Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York We buy WHITE FISH and CISCOE ROE i STURGEON CAVIAR any quantity Best Market Prices. —- = | JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write ‘urther information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. - - N.Y.; 3.5, SOLE AGENT FOR LAMINATED WOOD SHIPS T. HALLIDAY ‘NAVAL ARCHITECT (First Class Honors Medallist) 706 Credit Foncier Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Office Phone: Sey. 9443 MARINE OPTICIANS Compasses, Sextants, Octants, Sounding Machines, Logs, Telescopes, Chronometers, Nautical Books, Charts, Drawing Sets, Ship’s Clocks, Watches HALIFAX NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT CO., Ltd. Cc. G. SCHULZE, Manager 11 George Street, HALIFAX, Canada Phone Seymour 4207 McBRIDE WELLS & CO. Labellers and Reconditioners of all Canned Pish. 206 Dominion Building VANCOUVER, 207 Hastings Street West Canada 2 J a ne es ee ; g 3 ~ ® - . a a “ . ’ S ee ee ae 4,6 & 8 SINGLE CYLINDER EQUIPPED WITH WATERPROOF IGNITERS Absolutely Dependable No Battery or Coil Troubles OUTBOARD MOTORS in 6 Models Catalogues on request PERFECTION MOTOR CO. Canadian Distributors CAILLE PERFECTION 380 St. James Street MOTORS MONTREAL PEN ee ye rer CANADIAN FISHERMAN SS es } pm 9 K . d eo i- } Saar nt er et Lis aN Os aa ae ae Sere \ | Segara is getting to be more of a problem to workers daily. Confronted with rising costs on practically all raw material, you must buy with exceeding care to get proper values. Make no mistake—insist on nothing less than Goodrich “Hi-Press.” You will get more comfort and far longer wear than with any other foot- wear made. “Hi-Press” represents fifty years of Rubber Knowledge, and an unswerving policy of square dealing. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY Akron, Ohio 50,000 dealers sell Goodrich Foot- wear. There is a style for every kind of labor and sport. CANADIAN FISHERMAN This man is Suessing— He’s making up the pay-roll from the old-style time book. He’s worried because he knows there are mistakes—Some hell be blamed for—Some he can “slide” from. These mistakes will cost the firm money and the good will of its employees. But what is the cashier to do? He can't get machine-accuracy froma human time-keeper. He needs a ma- chine for that. INTERNATIONAL TIME RECORDERS give you an absolutely impartial, printed, unchangeable, always legible pay-roll sheet. Each employer makes his own Time Record, so he is bound to be satisfied with it. Don’t guess. Don’t let your cashier guess. Guessing costs money and YOU pay for the mistakes. Let us send you our latest pamphlets and price lists. International Business Machines Company Limited FRANK E. MUTTON, Vice-President and General Manager Head Office and Factory: Campbell Ave., Toronto, Ont. Branches in all Principal Cities. (Also makers of Hollerith Electric Tabulators and Dayton Scales) Every man his own time-keeper. Result: satisfaction, i | Fisiizrn Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association VOL. VII. GARDENVALE, P.Q., JULY, 1920 No. 7 ~QeaAaLliTY. FOR SAFETY AT SEA “LION BRAND” MADE IN CANADA NEARLY A CENTURY CONSUMERS CORDAGE CO., LIMITED ESTABLISHED 1825 Mills at_Dartmouth, N.S., and Montreal Branches at Terente and St. John, N.B Tees & Perase, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Moose Jaw, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Quebec, P.Q., Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C. When ordering please specify whether rail or water carrier is desired CHT Pale NG YY: CANADIAN rt ee &v —*% 20 H.P., 2 Cylinder, 4 Cycle, Heavy Duty, Acadia Marine Engine ACADIA 4 Cycle, Heavy Duty Marine Engines Bore 63”’ Stroke 8” :: 1, 2, 3 & 4 Cylinders iS Acadia Engines contain the best material the market affords, and are of the most modern design. Easy to operate, strongly built and price satisfactory. Acadia Gas Engines, Limited Largest Manufacturers of Marine Engines in Canada BRIDGEWATER, Nova Scotia ee ee a ee ee ee Te a ae ee ee pages wee) £2 YADIAN FISHERMAN “ss ENGINE BQuINDER <2: “et aw sins” Samape = * The M8. “Teco”? 125’ long, 28’ beam, equipped with one 160 B.H.P. Bolinder Engine. 84 CENTS A MILE ONLY is what the M. S. “Teco” costs in operating expenses. The “Teco” is a vessel of 300 tons carrying capacity, owned by the Taylor Engineering Co., Limited, Vancouver, B.C. Speed loaded approximately 8 knots on an average fuel consumption of 7 gallons per hour. Completed in May, 1919, she has since been operated in the coastwise ship- ping business in B.C. The owners state that she has a very successful running record, and that the Bolinder Engine has given excellent satisfaction in every way. The “Teco” is a typical example of BOLINDER EFFICIENCY, ECONOMY, and DEPENDABILITY Swedish Steel & Importing Co., Limited |) Shaughnessy Building - - - MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN MARITIME FISH ~ : CORPORATION LIMITED THE “DOROTHY M. SMART;”’ HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S., FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. License No, 1-148 HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. MONTREAL CANADA ee ae Pitino Site lake Gh es TEMAS! AR laa Nia a aia ide Sk a Se or a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 5 LOWSEN GRE | “GG” Engines are the last word in heavy oil engine construction! Although the first Gulowsen Grei Engine was an achievement of Norway, the invaluable, ex- clusive refinements which are embodied in the “GG” Engine of today were devised and perfected by engi- neers in our Seattle plant—which is one of the largest and most modern equipped plants of its kind in the United States. Built in sizes from 4 B.H.P. up to 550 B.H.P. QUICK DELIVERY ON 45-60-80 H.P.—2 Cylinder 90-124 H.P.—4 cylinder For Descriptive Bulletin, address Dept. B. GULOWSEN SALES CORPORATION SEATTLE, U.S.A. CHRISTIANIA, NORWAY CANADIAN FISHERMAN 7 Ag tig \ ae Tae | We create designs of original ity and distinction SCHMIDT LITHOGRAPH CO, SEATTLE LOS ANGELES FRESNO PORTLAND SACRAMENTO HONOLULU SAN FRANCISCO CANADIAN FISHERMAN Mr. Fish Producer- Never before have Canadian fish producers been given such an opportunity to develop for- eign trade as they have at the present time. Canada stands ace-high among the nations of the world and enjoys a sentimental preference which no other nation can parallel. The products of her fisheries are in demand and, because of the premium on exchange, pro- ducers in Canada have a considerable advantage in quoting prices to foreigners. They now have a chance to develop a direct trade and to extricate themselves from the pre- vailing system of utilizing another country to act as broker for Canadian foreign trade. Fisheries Branch, . Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, Ont. “CANADIAN FISHERMAN Exceptional Angling ——Opportunities—= are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- clusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the, Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade | The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec 7 nee amen Tati — a —a) - Men eee ete tee 9 a —— Especially Constructed FISHERMEN Tic All White AND White Sole Boots Manufac The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario 10 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Booth Fisheries Co. OF CANADA, LIMITED Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert - Kingston Port Arthur TO RO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | Chamcook, N.B. | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. an nee ip eT ee ae ba a sane ERG Re APN aI ORE 2 A AT TN I gag SL Un ohne aT res - - Av Aga tur oy 5 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 11 Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, » CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, 7\\ CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. r — — —~— — — — —y ~—% — ’ 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over the old style, is only one of Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. . Keep good Canadian money in Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach Canada and save the exchange. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Established 1874 D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH IN THE DOMINION Experts in the handling of Bulk and Shell Oysters Proprietors of the NIOBE BRAND Haddies, Fillets, Kippers, Bloaters and Sardines in the Purest of Olive Oil Also IVORY BRAND of Boneless Codfish put up in 1 and 2 lb. Blocks, 20 lb. Boxes Whether you want to Buy, Sell or Talk FISH, conumanicake with us It will always pay and interest you ee ee ee ae i © ttt Et gore sae FES RO i Ay ere eee CANADIAN FISHERMAN Labrador Fisheries QUEBEC OFFICES Operating Plant and Cold Storage 147 MOUNTAIN HILL SEVEN ISLANDS, QUE. Operating Fisheries North Shore Gulf of Si. Lawrence Producers and Distributors of Famous Moisie River Salmon ORDERS SOLICITED Car Loads and Less than Car Load Lots 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Codes : Cable Address: Armsby ** Brokers.’’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. : Western Union California Fruit Canners 5 M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. (“ee 6 Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters — These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” “SOCKEYE” “SUNDIAL”. “COHOES” “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS” CANADIAN FISHERMAN “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Fifty Years Supplying The Canadian Fishermen With the experience and knowledge gained from these long years of service we are able to take care of your require- ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of :— Tee... 38 a Seer Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, i@ Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, Lamps of all types, Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. The House of Quality and Service pdt, en Ve > Fee eee 4 tee eee oe ; apse ee a , Lee ED Teer. yee ee ee ee EY ‘_ ry: (ai Pte ‘? Roa ccs ks =| A. S. Christie, Eastern Mgr. vec ENG cs nt: be 4c “ <== SG a CANADIAN ‘FISHERMAN a SSS ip? naa | 9 a ! : 7. ety ‘ i — —— = AS CEPR A MGITLAI\\\) Fe en ; Y CE LT ey cee ¥ { | ULE a RRELBURIN O)6 S F , ULCER MORE, t i \WUR RR R10), —_— ee eel cae i * HERRING a! ‘CANNED SALMON = A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry, SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. .. .- 2. 26 ee ae oe Wetted BEAbSe Ama: WIROWRSTS oink ki 6 eae sh Wie a ke he ae Catia ws payabie in advance Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements in the publisher's hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. et = z CANNED LOBSTER ff THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN $1.00 $1.50 should be not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of If suitable for ~~ Ms o | { MONTREAL OFFICE: 205 Drummond Building Telephone, Uptown 7773. VANCOUVER OFFICE: F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative 528 Winch Bldg. The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS - - - ——— ——— ©, Sa TORONTO OFFICE: H. W. Thompson, Western Manager c. P. BR. Bldg., cor. King and Yonge Sts. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Que. ZG paan Z Cth al aid! LR ALIA ANLAE SOS COS SCS WLS ae 17 sme. > 4 SSS =—s > SoS oe Seis Ih eG rl ry ao CANADIAN FISHERMAN \ 3 c 5 4 ‘ The Power behind the Wheels of Industry OWER—mechanical force—harnessed, transmitted and P utilized in its most economical phase—is always associated with The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., Limited, when- ever the modern oil engine is mentioned. Wherever boats ply the waters the Fairbanks-Morse C-O engine is found. In the fishing boat the sturdy Type ‘‘M”’ does it duty. A quarter of a million farmers are helping to increase the world’s supply of food with the Type ‘‘Z”’. In hundreds of the country’s great industrial plants the powerful Fairbanks-Morse Type ‘““Y” is furnishing the power that is speeding up production, keeping down costs, and helping the world of commerce right itself. Saving time and labor, lowering operation cost, and giving a service that is as near 100% as possible is the record of Fairbanks- Morse engines, for behind each Fairbanks-Morse engine is that 100% quality standard on which the Fairbanks-Morse institution is founded. Back of every Fairbanks-Morse oil engine is the service of our experts. Avail yourself of this quality and this service. Con- centrate your buying and make the Canadian Fairbanks-Morse catalogue your guide. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co. Limited Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods Halifax St. John Quebec Montreal Ottawa Toronto Hamilton St. Catharines Windsor Winnipeg Regina Saskatoon Calgary Vancouver Victoria TRANSMISSION MACHINERY CANADIAN FISHERMAN 141 eae | CAR TA L. JULY 1920 bE La _ THE PICKLED FISH INSPECTION ACT. _ Amendments to the Fish Inspection Act of 1914, which passed the House the day before prorogation, will be greatly appreciated by fishing interests. The outstanding features of the new Act is that it makes compulsory the putting up of pickled herring, ale- wives, mackerel and salmon, other than mild cured, according to provisions laid down as to packing, grad- ing, standard of container and inspection, whereas the _. original act of 1914 made such provisions optional. The new Act becomes operative on the Pacific Coast - on the first day of November next, while on the At- lantie coast it will be April 1, 1921, before it will be- me effective. J ollowing these dates an inspecting officer will have power to enter any premises, vessel or boat where he has reason to believe there are con- -tainers or fish subject to the provisions of the Act, or where fish is being cured or packed, or where con- tainers are being made or stored, for the purpose of seeing that the terms of the Act and the regulations thereunder are being complied with. Any container packed with fish which does not meet with requirements shall be held by the Inspector until the name of the maker is ascertained and properly affixed; and at the same time the maker is held liable to a penalty. _ All fish with which the Act is concerned, imported into Canada must be packed in containers of similar character and quality and must have clearly marked the kind, grade and weight of fish contained, and the country of origin. When importation is merely tran- sitory shipment it is only necessary. that the country of origin be marked. The provisions of the Act may be extended by Or- der-in-Council to any other kinds of fish, whether pickled or otherwise, with the exceptions of fish pack- ed in cans or other hermetically sealed containers. Legislation making it compulsory to pack, grade and mark fish according to standard has been sought ‘in many’ quarters of the fishing industry for years. Its urgency is brought home by the fact that Cana- dian pickled fish is not of as high a standard as the product of other countries less fortunately equipped and hence is rather a reflection upon the industry FREDERICK WILLEAM WALLACE ditor been a there has inspection should extend to other branches of the industry. generally. In some quarters, feeling that compulsory too, _ HONOLULU PACIFIC FISHERIES CONGRESS. The interest of the Canadian Fisheries Associa- tion in scientific matters pertaining to the fishing in- dustries of Canada is not confined to passing resolu- tions of suggestion and commendation and letting it go at that. Nor is the interest of the organization in fishery science merely superficial. The Executive fully realize the value to the commercial fisherman of the fishery research worker and his investigations. A resolution was passed at the recent C.F.A. Con- vention in Vancouver whereby the Association express- ed itself as cognizant of the importance of its being represented at such scientific meetings and congresses as may be held in connection with fishery research and investigation. The Pan-Pacifie Fisheries Congress to be held in Honolulu in August, 1920, was regarded as a gathering at which the Canadian fishing industry should be represented, and the Association requested its Executive Council to devise ways and means for sending a scientific representative to the Congress. Immediately after the Convention, steps were taken to earry out the object of the resolution, and we are pleased to announce that one of the scientific members of the C.F.A.—Dr. C. MeLean Fraser, Professor of Biology at the University of British Columbia, and a well-known research worker in the Pacifie fisheries— has been delegated to represent the Association and the fishing industry of Canada at the Honolulu Con- gress, The industry and the association are very much indebted to President E. W. Beatty, of the Canadian Pacific Railway and Mr. J. J. Harpell, Chairman of the C.F.A. Publicity Committee and publisher of “THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN”? for their gener osity in defraying the expenses of the delegation. EXPRESS COMPANIES ASK FOR INCREASED RATES. The Secretary of the C. F. A. has received a copy of the application made by the Express Traffic As- 142 sociation to the Dominion Board of Railway Commis- sioners asking for a rate increase of not less than forty per cent. of the tolls at present in effect. The Com- panies making the application are the American Rail- way Express, the British America Express, Canadian Express, Central Canada Express and Dominion Ex- press. The date of the application is July 23rd, 1920. It is claimed by the allied express companies that they are operating at a loss on the existing rates and if such is really the case we think their claim for an increase in rates is reasonable. But we further be- lieve that such increases should be made upon com- modities well able to stand it and not upon cheap food- stuffs such as fish. An inerease of forty per cent. upon existing fish tariffs would kill the business. The Secretary of the Canadian Fisheries Association would be glad to have the views of the trade upon the proposed increase in order that the ©. F. A. Trans- portation Committee may know what course to pursue with regard to same. EXIT ‘‘NAVAL SERVICE.”’ The Hon. C. C. Ballantyne, Minister of Marine and Fisheries and Naval Service, is to be congratulated for having segregated the Fisheries Department from that of the Naval Service. The recommendations of the Canadian Fisheries Association to that effect have evidently been considered and the Fisheries Depart- ment is now shifted over to the Marine Department. The future title of the fisheries administration is ‘‘Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fish- eries.’’ Thus, at last, the Gilbertian farce of ruling the destinies of Canada’s fisheries from the Naval Service, is done away with and the Fisheries are now coupled with the Marine. With the change also came a change in administra- tive heads. The Deputy Minister of Marine, Alex. Johnston, also becomes Deputy Minister of Fisheries in place of G. J. Desbarats. The Superintendent of Fisheries, W. A. Found, has been appointed Assistant Deputy Minister of Fisheries. This is a step in the right direction and we feel pleased that the change has been made, but we are still desirous of seeing what we and the C.F.A. have long advocated, viz.: a sep- arate Department of Fisheries and a Deputy Minister of Fisheries. Deputy Minister Johnston is one of the brightest officials in the Civil Service. He hails from a fish- ing country, Cape Breton, and at one time represented his county in the House of Commons. He should know something about the fisheries and have a clear under- standing of their possibilities and the necessary aids to develop them. Assistant Deputy Minister Found has received the recognition he deserves as a very capable, impartial and zealous officer. We will miss ‘‘dear old Naval Service’’ bulletins and letterheads, but we must confess to thoughts of ‘‘Pinafore’’ every time we saw _ the legend. The Minister of the Naval Service issueing in- structions re the proper way to pack herring or smoke haddies savored of Sir Joseph Porter, K.C.B., and no doubt, Mr. Ballantyne, who is Seoteh and dignified enough to balk at being the victim of such an absurd- ity, made up his mind to have the thing changed. No more will the ambitious officers of the Cana- dian Navy be twitted by their English brethren as the ‘‘Navy which issued a book on ‘Fish, and How to from the CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cook it.’’’ It was a sad day for the Canucks. when one of the Naval Service Department’s Fish Cook Boo strayed into the hands of a British Naval offic Well, it’s all changed now—thank goodness! DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES. Notes on Fishing Results for June. The weather was generally favorable for on the Atlantic, and operations proceeded without hind- rance throughout the month. Certain kinds of : were scarce, however, on the usual fishing grounds. The catch of cod and haddock amounted to 395, ewts. against 377,800 for the same month last The quantity of cod was greater, but that of was less. Hake and pollock were landed in grea quantities and gave an increase of 25,000 ewts. - The mackerel catch over all was disappointing; it amounted to 62,900 ewts. against 109,400 for June last year. While the quantity taken along the shores of Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and New Br wick was almost 50 per cent less, the catch at tl Magdalen Islands exceeded that: of June last by 40 per cent. There were 24500 ewts. of sacie taken in Bay of Fundy. This is an increase of 8000 ewts. the demand being slack the fishery was not p vigorously. The lobster catch was very good all over the coas st. From November 15th to the end of June the catch amounted to 285,200 ewts. against 234,000 ewts. the same period ‘last year. The pack since the of March is 136,359 cases against 116,110 cases. Notwithstanding unfavorable weather on the P; the catches of salmon, halibut and pilchards were siderably greater than those for June last year catches of spring salmon were secured in the § and Bella Coola districts. Trolling off the west coas of Vancouver Island was much interrupted by bat weather. The total value of the June catch for the of Canada at the point of landing was $3,586, against $3,019,258; an increase of $567,518. Four fishermen were lost by drowning on the lantie coast during the month. GOVERNMENT PRIZES FOR ESSAYS ON CANADIAN FISHERIES Prizes totalling $250 are being offered by the partment of Fisheries to’ the school pupils who mit the best essays on ‘‘Why Canadians should more fish.’’ Cireulars have already been distribui to all parts of Canada, announcing the terms of contest. Pupils who intend to participate ha advantage of the summer vacation in which to— material, as they are not obliged to submit the tribution until October 31st. Tn each province a prize of $25.00 is being ay to the pupil who submits the best essay, and an a tional prize of $25.00 is being awarded for the b essay from all quarters of the Dominion. — The competition which the Department insti among pupils of domestie science schools througho Canada, closes the last of June. were in marked contrast to the duller hues of fish of same age in the ponds. An examination of stream subsequently showed that the trout were still quite numerous in the stream in the vicinity of the hatchery.’’ The important lesson to be drawn from these ex- eriments is that in stocking streams infested by small seous fish we can only assure success by stock- th trout of sufficient size to dominate the water. the circumstances indicated experience shows that several hundred yearling trout are sufficient to stock a stream presenting suitable habitat. On the hand, we can rarely expect success in stocking waters with any number of the fry, however It may be assumed as a rule that a pair of ng trout are fully the equivalent of several pusand fry in stocking streams.’’ In 1899 Mr. Cloudsley Rutter made an investigation the seaward migration of quinnat salmon fry on the mento river. He followed the young fish down river and found that upon reaching the salt water San Francisco Bay they did not at once pass out f the river, but remained for days in brackish water, ng forward and backwards with the tide until they stomed themselves to the brine impregnated waters which they were to spend the next few years of their lives. As an experiment, Mr. Rutter transferred » of the fry direct from fresh to salt water, but id that the sudden transmission was fatal. may reasonably be supposed that many fry, her the result of natural or artificial propagation, d not be able to maintain themselves in brackish - at tidal level, but would be carried by the cur- ; into salt water, and would perish in consequence the too sudden change. What the percentage of from this cause may be we have no present means of knowing, but it is not improbable that, next to the on-fertilization of eggs, the loss due to this change a fresh to a salt water habitat is the heaviest the young fish are subjected to. most fields of scientific research any discovery gave promise of producing better results than obtained from past experience, would be further 5 a investigated and its value proven. It would appear that the success obtained by Col. McDonald and the discoveries of Mr. Rutter should have caused others to take immediate steps to determine by comparison whether retaining the young fish until their finger- ling stage was superior to the old method of releasing them as fry. Especially should we have looked for such action in the artificial propagation of salmon sihee Col. MeDonald’s success was with trout, which is a member of the salmon genus. But 33 years have elapsed since Marshall McDonald made publie his ex- perience and 21 since Cloudsley Rutter’s experiments and still—with few exceptions, and those of recent date—we have persisted in planting salmon in their fry stage. _It is no compliment -to these two pains- taking investigators to speak well of their achieve- ments, while making no effort to profit by their work, and it is all the more to our shame since the old me- thods we have used, and are still using, have never in any known instance produced one tenth of what Col. McDonald produced 33 years ago. * It is not contended that releasing salmon in their fry stages is without any noticeable results. There can be no doubt but that with some species at least, plantings of fry have produced mature fish. The Sac- ramento and Columbia rivers demonstrate this, and it might be as well to use these two cases to illustrate what has been done from planting salmon in the fry stage compared with what might have resulted had- the fish been fingerlings when released. ; In its prime, the Sacramento, combined with its tributaries, produced as a whole, 200,000 cases of a salmon pack. After hydraulic mining covered most of the spawning areas below Red Bluff with mud and silt, the McCloud tributary was the one which carried most of the remaining salmon runs. The pack at its lowest ebb was 2,281 cases and, since the other spawn- ing beds were mostly eliminated, it is reasonable to assume that these 2,281 cases represented the Me- Cloud’s quota of the total for the whole river in the years when 200,000 case packs were obtainable. To-day the take of the Sacramento river salmon would, if canned, produce a pack equal to its former greatness, and practically all of this is obtained from the fish which had their origin in the MeCloud river sector. Thus it might with reason be claimed that through artificial propagation, and releasing the fish in their fry stage, the annual pack has been built up from 2,281 cases to 200,000 cases, or approximately 90 times as much as the MeCloud seetor originally pro- duced. This in itself is an excellent showing, but let us see how it compares with what might have been hoped for from keeping the fish until their fingerling stage and obtaining similar results to what Marshall Me- Donald obtained, To fill 200,000 cases, at 70 lbs. of fish to the case, and with an average of 22 lbs. weight per fish, would require 636,000 salmon. In some years the hatchery output of fry ran over 100,000,000 and 636,000—if all were attributed to artificial propagation—would 144 CANADIAN represent a return of roughly but two-thirds of one per cent. This percentage, however, is undoubtedly huge ‘since there was some natural propagation in those years, to which part of this inerease is justly attribut- able. Now had these 100,000,000 fish been retained until their fingerling stage before releasing them, and had Col. MeDonald’s 25 per cent average of mature fish been obtained, the result would have been equal to more than 7,800,000 cases! In other words the hatch- ery output of this one river would have produced a return of mature fish equal to the 1919 pack of the entire Pacific Coast! The case of the Columbia river can be likened to one’s right hand; the whole hand representing the main river; the fingers the upper tributaries such as the Snake, the Spokane, ete., and the thumb the Clack- amas. In its prime this combined water shed pro- duced 653,000 cases of canned salmon, of which the Clackamas cannot be credited with. over one-fifth. To- day the upper tributaries are practically eliminated, owing to dams and irrigation ditches blocking access to the salmon, and it is from the Clackamas that the hatchery supply of eggs is obtained. To-day’s take of fish is equal to the best years of the past, nearly all of which is attributable to the Clackamas.. Thus that tributary shows a five-fold increase while the other sections show heavy decreases. Here again salmon released as fry are to be given credit for the result, but as in the Sacramento’s case the percentage of re- turn has been less than one per cent. The Oregon State hatchery at Bonneyille is retain- ing its salmon in rearing ponds until they attain the fingerling stage. Their success has been proven by the return of marked fish and they estimate the percent- age of fish released as fingerling which returned as mature fish to be at least 5 per cent. This is only one- fifth of what Marshall McDonald secured from trout, but it is infinitely better than the best known results from fry plantings. It is not to be expected that (for the present at least) any such quantity as 100,000,000 young salmon can be held in the rearing ponds of a single hatchery -for sixteen to eighteen months. But it is a compara- tively easy matter to build ponds of sufficient ecap- acity for several million each, and one hundred such rearing ponds scattered along the coast from Cali- fornia to Behring Sea would produce enough fish to double the present annual pack. If such a system was put into effect in 1921 the total Pacific Coast pack of ‘1925 should be at least double that which can be ex- pected for next season. All of the foregoing refer to salmon such as the quinnat species, whose natural habits cause them to deposit their spawn in streams which follow direct in to the sea. How much greater results can therefore be expected from retaining sockeyes in rearing ponds since it is characteristic of them to remain at least one year in fresh water lakes—nature’s own retaining ponds. Fry planting is a proven failure with the sockeye species. It has been tried as long, and with less success, than the quinnat species, the percentage of return being much under the two-thirds of 1 per cent which is the maximum credit in the ease of the latter fry. For 35 years planting sockeye fry have produced no appreciable results, but in 1914 Bonneville hatchery released fingerling sockeye which in 1918 returned as FISHERMAN % mature fish. In 1915 Namt hatchery in British Co umbia planted sockeye fry in natural retaining pond: in the stream which flows into Namu lake and attributable to this planting were obtained in 1919. the same year similar plantings were made in stre flowing into lakes in the lower Fraser watershed this work also has proven a pronounced success. of these undertakings were made independently, with no knowledge of what the others were at ing. Except in the case of Bonneville no effe been made to estimate the percentage of return ed, but this is only practical through a sy marking the fish before releasing them. One result has been noticed, however, both quinnat and sockeye species. This is an inerea weight for the artificially propagated fish as com ed to those born under natural conditions. blush this does not appear creditable, but a dition exists amongst wild and domesticated lar air animals, and why not also with fishes? Our tle cattle through breeding have much surp size their original forebears; the percheron horse is over twice the size of the wild ass or zebi of which the race was evolved; and our ba fowls are of larger structure than the jungle India from which their descent is credited. The operators of the Sacramento river hatch early days claimed the average weight of th nat salmon was about 16 lbs. The present day is approximately 22 lbs. A similar increase was on the Columbia after hatchery returns appeare recently Mr. Clanton, the Master Fish Ward still better results were expected from fish held 1 their fingerling stage. The average of the few years has been 22 to 24 lbs. for mature fi: those returning this season—thought to be which spent sixteen to eighteen months in ponds—will average 30 lbs. per fish in weight. Mr. Clanton also found the Bonneville reared until their fingerling stage at that point, aged considerably heavier than the sockeye salmi Yes Bay, Alaska, where the eggs had been Individual fish went as heavy as 13 Ibs. whil average was between 7 and 8 lbs., or nearly cent heavier than the parent stock. This weig tion is therefore a very important factor in | the relative merits of fry vs. fingerling plan’ tir ae Up to the present hatchery efforts have PE been confined to the quinnat and sockeye sp the cheaper grades have now attained a importance that warrants the employment of ai propagation with them as well. The need of t all the greater sinee they frequent streams whi most easily be fished out, and already the ~ toward extermination has advanced so far t time should be lost in commencing this work. The study of nature teaches us that onee turb the natural order of animal life so as vide the food requirements of mankind, a deer numbers of the species so attacked is bound to unless either its natural enemies are co! reduced, or man offsets his depredation by menting Nature’s efforts. In the case of our salmon the latter is the only course open to us. The Streams frequented by salmon are thousan number, and they lie along our coast from Calif to the Arctic regions. With hardly an exception, are already being exploited by our fishermen. espon tain its'runs, and it is manifestly impossible for government to accomplish this work. Therefore, roblem confronting us is to find ways and means ine this ourselves, and the following is suggested a feasible method. ‘Each government interested should for their re- nective fisheries establish numerous central hatcheries egg collecting stations in locations easily accessible those engaged in commercial fishing. These stations ld be stocked to their utmost capacity with eggs of species of salmon and the cost of securing eggs operating the stations should be computed on the is of so much per 1,000 eggs. the close of the fishing season it should be com- ry for each operator to furnish the Government rities with particulars of the number of each of salmon he had secured that season, and the or streams the fish were proceeding to when This data would have to show details of at number of each species as proceeding to each idual stream. From their stations the government then supply each operator sufficient eyed eggs the number of fish he had secured, and it be compulsory for said operator to receive such ss, hatch them properly, and retain them in rear- ig ponds, erected on each of the streams which his vercial operations had depleted. For all eggs so him he should-be charged a sufficient sum er 1,000 to cover the government’s cost in securing d caring or them, and the government should be ed with the necessary authority to see that tor conscientiously carried out the share of x assigned to him. t us illustrate this by the following example: John in the course of his fishing operations has secur- ,000 humpback salmon from a certain stream, and ises the government. ‘he latter estimates fhat, ng for natural losses, it will take 200,000 eyed eggs to offset the depletion thus occasioned. Their st of securing and holding these eggs at the station 1 per 1,000. They would therefore supply John with 200,000 eyed eggs and charge him $200 for _ They would then see that John Doe placed hese eggs in gravelled boxes, of other suitable hatch- ig device, and that he subsequently held the result- young fish in rearing ponds until they reached the ing stage. , such means the government would ultimately it no expense for their share of maintaining our mon fisheries, while the cost to the operators would be small in comparison to the benefits derived, and ven his costs might to some extent be offset by re- tions in the present tax of 4 cents per vase on -eanned packs obtained. e, of course, are difficulties to be overcome, but are not insurmountable. For example, trap and net caught fish cannot always* be designated as Tun to any particular stream or tributary streams. such cases a proper division and re-stecking can be estimated, at least until investigation shows approximate percentage of the total each stream d receive under natural conditions if no com- fishing intercepted the run of fish. Again, it be unfair unfair to compel an operator to assume the all the eggs necessary to re-stock and maintain us in his vicinity if some of the fishermen or 145 trap operators were private individuals who sold their catches to outside parties. This. difficulty could be overcome by raising the necessary revenue through a tax of so much per fish, such tax to be deducted from the actual fisherman by the operator when paying him for his catch. The collection of this could be handled in the same manner by which the government now collects the tax on luxuries. In the case of large rivers on which several fish packing plants are established, it is obvious that in- dividual efforts to maintain rearing ponds would not be feasible. Some modification of the plan could be devised to achieve the object aimed at, always bearing in mind that on such rivers each tributary should have its individual rearing ponds in order that the entire watershed shall have its runs maintained as nature in- tended they should be. Tf such a system is inaugurated there must. be thou- sands instead of hundreds of rearing ponds estab- lished. The expense would be comparatively small; it would be borne equally by all engaged in the in- dustry; and future generations would have their share of this national asset. The farmer has to pay for the seed from which he obtains his crops; the live stock man pays for the feed by which he maintains his herd of cattle. It is not unfair to ask the fisherman to do likewise in his industry, since like the farmer and cattleman he will reap the benefits of the expendi- ture he is called upon to make. It will take from two to four or five years—according to the species— before he can harvest his crop, but if, like the farmer, he can produce many times the best return he could expect Nature unassisted to produce, it is surely an investment he is amply warranted in making. THE LOBSTER FISHERIES ° Lobster fishermen along the northeast shore of Nova Scotia have enjoyed a prosperous season. About the middle of June the price paid to fishermen soared as high as $12.00 per hundred pounds. Owing to this unusual price one firm stopped packing. Fishermen declare that lobsters are just as plentiful as ever, although disinterested authorities have a contrary opinion. While berried lobsters were reported to be very plen- tiful along the Arisay Coast in May, in June they were reported to be very searee. The Fishery Overseer at Harbour Head, Antigonish County, finding a large number of lobsters entering Tracadie Harbour every fall, and apparently remaining there for the winter, has suggested that the harbour entrance be closed to make the place a natural breeding ground by putting on a close season in the harbour. LAKE FISH FROZEN TO DEATH The Fishery Overseer at Wadena Saskatchewan, re- ports that when the ice melted in Little Quill Lake, fish were piled up on the shore in drifts. The fish- ermen are at a loss to account for this heavy mortal- ity, the only theory available being the firmness of the ice throughout the winter. In previous years the sur- face was rent by large eracks, but this year such was not the case. } SASKATCHEWAN 146 ieee Hey The Pickled Fish Inspection Act The much debated amendment to the Pickled Fish Inspection Act of 1914 making the Act compulsory is printed herewith. It is known as Bill 50—‘‘An Act to amend the Fish Inspection Act.’’ This amend- ment to the 1914 Act has been the subject of much dis- cussion and dissension in Parliamentary Committees and has been made a political football by the Opposi- tion members. It was, however, finally passed dur- ing the closing days of the last session of the House of Commons. -The terms of the amendment are as follows :— An Act to Amend The Fish Inspection Act. 1914, ¢. 45. His Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada, enacts as follows :— 1. Sections two, three, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, sixteen, eighteen, nine- teen, twenty, twenty-four, and twenty-six of The Fish Inspection Act, chapter forty-five of the statutes of 1914, are repealed and the following sections are sub- stituted therefor :— Definitions. **2. In this Act and in any regulation made here- under, unless the context otherwise requires :— “*Container.”’ (a) ‘‘container’’ includes a barrel, half barrel and any other package used for packing or market- ing any fish to which this Act applies, but shall not include hermetically sealed cans, bottles or jars; ** Department.’”’ ce (b) ‘Department’ means the Department of the Naval Service ; ee “* Bish. 93 *“(e) ‘Fish’ means the fish to which this Act ap- plies and extends; “Inspecting Officer.’ (d) ‘inspecting officer’ means an officer appointed under this Act; ae *§ Mimister.’’ ““(e) ‘Minister’ means the Minister of the Naval Service ; **Regulations.’’ ‘“(f) ‘regulations’ means regulations made under the provisions of this Act. Application of Act. “3. This Act shall, apply to pickled herring, ale- wives, mackerel and salmon other than mild cured salmon, and the containers in which such fish are packed and marketed; and the Governor-in-Council may at any time order that this Act or any one or more of the provisions of this Act specified in such ‘that this Act shall not apply or extend to ar published next after the making thereof. ine, order shall extend and apply to any other kind fish, whether pickled or not, and the containers i which such fish are packed and marketed. Provide however, that this Act or any of the provisions of shall not extend or apply to, and shall not b tended or made to apply to fish packed in ean other hermetically sealed containers; and provid packed by fishermen or other persons for their use and not for sale or intended to be used for other commercial purpose. Regulations. ‘6, (1) The Governor-in-Council WAY, mak lations,— = ‘‘(a) prescribing the material to be used tainers of fish, the sizes of such conta and how they shall be made and mark ‘*(b) prescribing how containers not in acco with the requirements shall be dealt wii ‘*(@) prescribing the requirements as to the q and weight of fish in the containers, and - and by whom containers in which fish packed shall be marked; **(d) prescribing the time and place, and the ner in which containers and fish may spected ; “(@) prescribing how incorrectly marked fish be marked or re-marked ; ‘*(f) deemed by him to be necessary or conv for carrying out the provisions of this 1 Publications. *©(2) All regulations made herwdindie ‘shall effect from the date mentioned therein for the p and shall be published in the Canada Gazette the prefix in the volume of the statutes of Container to Conform to Regulations. ‘7, (1) All containers used for packing fish be made and marked in aceordance with the tions. Fish to Conform to Regulatians, i ‘“*(2) All fish shall be graded, packed and — in accordance with the regulations. Trade Mark or Device, ‘*(3) Nothing herein contained shall preve person from using a distinctive trade mark or on any container, provided that such trade mar device does not obliterate or obscure the marks | cribed by the regulations. Imported Fish. ; “8. All fish imported into Canada from countries shall be packed in containers of a s character and equal quality to those required 1 CANADIAN “t, and shall be clearly marked with the kind, and weight of fish they contain, and with the of the country of origin. Provided, that when fish aré imported inte Canada for exportation, only be necessary that the container in which fish are packed be marked with the name of country of origin. Disputes—A ppeal. . In ease any dispute should arise between an in- jecting officer and the packer, owner or other per- ii WhO coiittols any container or fish with respect to e quality, size, éonditidi, or marks of either contain- fish, such packer, oWner or othe person may to the Minister, who may order a fe-itispection, such re-inspection, if authorized, shall be final conclusive. Provided, however, that there shall appeal in any case where the appellant is unable sfy the Minister that the identity of the con- er or fish with respect to which an appeal is de- 1 has been carefully preserved. | Bie Power to Enter and Search. _ Every inspecting officer appointed under the ions of this Act shall have power to enter any vessel or boat where he has reason to be- are containers or fish subject to grading or n under the provisions of this Act, or of any ons hereunder, or where fish is or has been d or packed or containers made or stored, and to any package or container which he has reason to contains fish, for the purpose of seeing that rovisions of this Act and of the regulations have plied with. ea 4 Forfeiture and Seizure. ) If any container packed with fish which equired by this Act or by any regulation to be ‘ked is unmarked, such container and the fish shall be held by an inspector until the name maker is ascertained and marked thereon, and maker shall be liable to the penalties provided for 1 sub-section 2 of this section. False Marking, or Packing in Violation—Penalty. - (2) Any person falsely marking any container = d with fish, or packing fish in violation of this in or of the regulations, shall be liable on summary onviction to a fine not exceeding fifty dollars or to risonment for any term not exceeding thirty days, for a second or any subsequent offence to a fine ‘exceeding one hundred dollars or to imprisonment any term not exceeding sixty days. ; Commencement of Act. “12. This Act shall come into force, with respect fish caught on the Pacific coast, on the first day of ember, one thousand nine hundred and twenty, , With respect to fish caught on the Atlantic coast, n the first day of April, one thousand nine hundred . twenty-one.”’ é; Notes on the Provisions of the Bill Similar Bill Introduced Last Year. .—A similar Bill was introduced on March 28th, 19, and was referred to the Select Standing Com- ittee on Marine and Fisheries. did not come up until just before the closing time last meeting of the Committee. It, consequent- s not reported out of the Committee. ; Existing Act. —-The Pickled Fish Inspection Act became effee- » May Ist, 1915. It applies to pickled herring, ale- Committee was unable to consider the Bill, | FISHERMAN 147 wives, mackerel and salmon and the packages in which they are marked.—See section 2. It is not compulsory, but anyone desiring to put up fish for inspection can, under it, have their fish inspected free of cost and branded, if the package and eontents comply with requirements. It was hoped that educational work and good prices obtained for branded fish would result in general adoption of standard package, but progress has, been too slow, and if a good name for our pickled fish is to be established, experience shows compulsory irispec- tion the only workable course. Number of Barrels Inspected Under Existing Act. 3.—The following is a summary of the pickled fisk put up and inspected: Total No. No. No packers Barrels Barrels requesting Year. Packed. Inspected. —_ Inspection. 19%... .. 154,086 1,320 16 19is. -.. .. 118,758 7,213 73 IQR... 184,329 8,977 80 1918 . 197,288 16,667 103 1919. 108,335 8,730 82 Inspection began in British Columbia in 1918, and of the above number, 3,997 barrels were inspected there in that year, but only 77 barrels in 1919. Likely Reasons for Slow Progress. 4.—(a) Many coopers persist in making poor leaky barrels, which shortsighted packers buy on account of their cheapness. (b) Abnormal demand for all pickled fish during the war, on account of shortage of supply from Eu- rope, made a good market at remunerative prices for even inferior goods. Consequently, incentive to change methods was not great. General Desire for Compulsory Use of Proper Packages and Grading of Fish. 5.—(1) Departmental officers are convinced in light of experience that satisfactory demand for our pickled fish, and particularly pickled herring, cannot be es- tablished unless purchasers are assured that product is up to standard. (2) Those endeavoring to produce higher grade arti- eles feel their efforts being largely nullified by great volume of inferior goods. (3) The Canadian Fisheries Association, which em- braces in its membership, representatives of all branches of the industry at its 1918 annual Convention unani- mously passed a resolution urging that the use of pro- per barrels and grading be made compulsory. (4) The Canada Food Board, when it was in exist- ence, urged this course. ((5) The Commissioner of Fisheries for British Col- umbia urged this. (6) Of 122 individual fishermen, coopers, packers, and dealers who were written to for their views, 117 would welcome compulsory grading and use of pro- per barrels. “ Public Interest Demands Standard Product. 6.—Consumers of Canadian products are entitled to know before buying quality of article in sealed pack- ages. What is in public interest is finally in pro- ducers’ interest. Fruit Inspection Compulsory. While a barrel of pickled mackerel or herring costs usually two or three times as much as a barrel of apples, the latter must be up to standard and the pur- chaser assured of quality. 148 Existing Act and Bill Compared. 7.—Under existing Act a packer desiring to have his fish inspected notified an Inspector, who visits his curing place, and if package and fish meet require- ments, package is branded. This would not be practicable under Ghatipulsory grading, owing to our very extensive coast line. It — involve an army of officers to carry it out. Method Under Bill. This Bill provides for a system of inspection simi- lar to that applied to fruit. Proper Barrels Must be Made. Coopers will be required to turn out proper barrels. —See Section 7. Grading and Packing According to Standards. Packers will be compelled to cure and grade their fish according to standards set out in the regulations, and they will be required to themselves mark on the barrels the class of product they contain.—Sub-section 2, section 7. CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920 — Inspectors may examine the barrels and fish at ak time after they are packed and at any convenient place, to ascertain whether they are correctly designat- ed by the marks on the package. The details of in- — spection to be decided by regulation.—See sub-section 6. : ‘ As all pickled fish pass through comparatively few channels, this will enable an inspection of the whole — product to be made by a comparatively few inspec- — tors. It is not anticipated that the expenditure under — the proposed method on both costs’ will ever exce the $15,000 provided for such inspection in the mates for this year. When New Act Should Become Effective. 8.—In order that the public may have sufficient tice, the new Act should not become effective on the Pacific coast until next November, the herring ery there being practically confined to the winter son, and on the Atlantie coast until Apt 1921.—See_ section 12. . A Plain Talk to Nova Scotia Fishermen By Margaret McLaren. The main reason why I am writing this article, is because of a great deal of ‘‘satisfactory dissatisfac- tion’? among the fishermen around Halifax Co., and vicinity. And this very frame of mind of theirs will prove beneficial because it will broaden through its very denials, into an understanding that will make them see that many things can be done for their betterment, even if the men who are trying to develop the fisheries of Canada, do not go out upon the sea to tackle the question of broadening’ opportunity for the fisheries, by laying hold of the line, so to speak. There is much talk of technical college for our fishermen, and this idea has been scouted as being merely a getter of ‘soft jobs’’, for some favored persons. And I am going to enumerate all that has been said, ‘‘AGIN the idea,’’ and afterwards to start something in its favor. Without wishing to be facetious, | may say that now is the time that women are butting in everywhere, and as the men are encouraging them to ‘‘butt’’. in all other directions and ventures, surely no fisherman will deny me the privilege of entering their company if 1 wish to do so, Now for the college proposition. The Government wants to help to develop the fisheries, because the gentlemen composing same know full well that the fisheries is the goose that lays the golden eggs for Canada. But a college of technique must of necessity be situ- ated in one fixed place. Not very many of our fish- ing folk could incur the expense of attending it, and its upkeep and installation would ‘mean a lot of ex- tra money to a country already burdened by an enor- mous war debt. But, talk as they will our fishermen need instruction in the curing of fish, as well as to get a line on the selling of it. Now, in all trades, perfection brings a greater reward than would things balf done. Bak- ers are wrapping their loaves, many kinds of food are cleanly and even elegantly done up in attractive car- tons, but fish! Oh, most of that is slapped arou any old way, dragged about on wharves, thro round in boats, and laid out on ice in unsanitary m kets, ete., unadvertised and everything else Gant, can be, to retard its sale. Then along come th erel scouts and they can’t locate the fish, and m ee re are scarce, and a eargo of fresh fish, forty thousan pounds of the most beautiful and nourishing foo all the world came to Canso, and could not ob market. Therefore it was dumped into the ferti plant, and its captors amazed and disgruntled, as as discouraged, want to know if they had a tee college, if this fish would have sold? Now, Messrs. Fishermen, you all know how CATCH fish. Do not get angry if this Governm appoints a man with knowledge of YOU, and of you DO know, and a knowledge of HOW to show; the things HE knows and you do not. To come and lecture to you, and to show you to secure your catch so as there will be no repeti! of the fearful waste at Canso recently. And ver} large fishing vessels ean afford wireless so as to com- municate with an agent on shore and have their ca goes disposal arranged for, before the ships get And that little individual bounty, what good do? Loaned to the fishermen in a thorough bu like manner it would have meant better equipment But, as the farmers and other workers of Can are getting together politically, and wish to see. n presentatives of their own in parliament, what reasé is there that the fishermen do not do likewise? In conelusion I would say that the consumer i of the real factors in the fishing business, and a paign ought to be started beginning in the pu schools and going through the press, chiefly in the women’s journals, to teach wemen how to be benef it~ ted physically, mentally and financially, by use : the fish possible. ; And now is the time to begin, CANADIAN FISHERMAN for publication. Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes In- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable The indications of a successful convention are the lasting results of a Convention. The C.F.A, Conven- tion, which was held in Vancouver on June 3rd, 4th, and 5th last, has been talked about more than any other convention held in Vancouver. Not only have the members themselves been talking about how suc- cessful it was, but those outside of the industry speak of it. To the mind of the publicity man, perhaps this is the strongest evidence that the Convention was a striking success. There are times when you have to wait for results of resolutions passed at conventions, but in this instance, results have been happening ever since the Convention adjourned. First, after the ad- journment on Saturday the 5th, on Monday the 7th some of the Government officials of the Fishery De- partment of the Dominion paid a visit to the Fishery Commission in Bonneville, Oregon, to look over the rearing ponds, and without doubt direct results of this visit will be shown at an early date. Before the month is hardly over, the Canadian Fisheries Association is sending a delegate to take part in the Pacific Scien- tifie Congress, which will be held in Honolulu during August. The Fisheries College for British Columbia is a live subject and without doubt some decided ac- tion will be taken in this connection at an early date. The public in general took particular notice of the happenings at the Convention, and mentioned it to their friends who are engaged in the industry. News- papers all over the country gave space to some of the happenings, and as a result letters have been received by the Vancouver Branch asking for information re- garding the industry, some of the correspondents re- ferring to their having seen accounts of the Convention in the newspapers in their town, The Vancouver branch will not allow the interest in the Convention to drop, but will be taking up important matters in connection with the industry at an early date. An- other big thing in connection with the Convention was the large addition to the membership of the associa- tion. The Vancouver branch has a good lead now and proposes to keep to the front in membership. — President A. Echoes of The Convention L. Hager of the Canadian Fisheries Association Sends the Story of the Convention To Those Who Could Not Attend. Through the courtesy of President Hager, many of the members of the Association who were unable to attend received full accounts of the Convention. — Pre- sident Hager had his office staff busy for a couple of weeks clipping the full account of the Convention from the different’ Vancouver daily papers. It took upwards of fifty papers to make up a full set of these clippings, but the many letters of thanks which were received in appreciation fully repaid the labor which was expended in getting them together. One thing is assured, and that is that anything that is of interest to the industry will certainly reach the members of the C.F.A. as the new president is right on the job. Canadian Fisherman Convention Number is Being Sought for by the Industry in General. The Convention Number of the CANADIAN FISH- ERMAN is being eagerly sought after by many, as the papers of the Convention created a great ‘amount of interest. The Secretary of the Vancouver Branch has many requests for this particular number from those interested in the industry in the United States, as well as yearly subscriptions. Latest Copies of the Proposed Sockeye Treaty and Draft of Fisheries Treaty Distributed by Van- couver Branch of the C. F. A. The Vaneouver branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association recently had copies of the proposed Sock- eye Treaty and draft of the treaty concerning ‘‘Port Privileges of the Fishing Vessels, Lobster Fishing, Halibut Fishing, and Tariff on Fresh Fish,’’ printed and delivered to each of the members. These copies were both of the latest wording, and were of interest to all engaged in the industry. THE CANNED SALMON MARKET Uncertain. This expresses the canned salmon market in general. and the United States. eondition of -the Both in Canada There will be nothing sure as 150 C A NADIAN to the size of the pack before the middie of Augiist. By that time the tun on thé Naas and Skeeiia will be nearly over, and the sockeyes on thé Frasér will be pretty well along. Of course, thete dre séme who are Willing to estimate the amount of the packs iof the different varieties; but in géneral the feeling of wn- vertainty catises most of thése in thé industity to with- hold any decided expressions of opinion. Sockeye prices aré firming all the timé. The price inostly quoted at this writing is $21.00, although sonic are talking $21.50. Pinks (spot) aré being priced at - $7.00 and $7.50, chuins (spot) at $5:00 and $5.25. There aie about 30,000 spot pinks in British Colum- bia, and without doubt inside of the text sixty days there will be a gradual firming up of prices all round. The- United States quotations are not to be con- “sidered at all a criterion of what the prices there will be. It looks as though some of the early quotations on the other side of the line are given out for a pur- pose with the idea of higher prices when the new pack comes on the market, and when the results of this season’s operations are known. Although it is reported that some of the canneries in different sec- tions of Alaska are endeavoring to secure new cans after filling up cans they had on hand, which they planned would be all they would use, it is quite doubt- ful if they can secure additional cans at this late date. Regarding the conditions in the different districts in British Columbia, the following will give an idea up to the present time, July 15: Fraser River: A little early to say anything at all, but prospects look much better than they did last year at this time. Some boats have averaged 20 fish to a boat for a night. West Coast of Vancouver Island: This year has been a poor year, compared with 1918. The first part of June there was very bad weather, and as a result the last part of the month the fish were 20 or 30 miles off shore, and this meant bank fishing for the men. With heavy fogs during all the last part of the month there was nothing done, with the result the tonnage is much less from that district than at the same time last year. Trap Fishing: The traps on the Canadian side are below last year, but the American traps are fair. This applies to Southern B.C. Gulf of Georgia and Campbell River Districts: Dur- ing the first week in July there was a good run of blue backs, and this is keeping up. Alert Bay, Rivers Inlet and Smith’s Inlet: These districts are having a good run of sockeyes, and pro- spects, although nothing exceptional, are good for a fair pack in these localities. Outside Districts: The pink and chum pack in these districts will (it is estimated) be from 150,000 to 200,- 000 cases less than in 1919. It is early to give any- thing accurate at the present time. Skeena River: The season so far has been disap- pointing, although another fifteen days may make a different story. Naas River: Not at all pleasing so far, and it looks like a poor season. Springs in Northern British Columbia have heen far below the usual quantity, and unless the North Island fish show up well, 1920 will be way behind 1919. PISHERMAN duly, i920 _ BRITISH GOLUMBIA HALIBUT There is still a shortagé of cars at Prineé Ruy and just noW Seattle is éxpeiiencitig the sdime nee culty. This difficulty is nét as bad ads it would be if large trips were arriving instead of thé smailex trips that are coming in. There aré lots of small trips coming in, but no large onés have arrived for some time past. The weather has been good on Heeate Straits for the past. three weeks. _ P#ices have riled high at Prince’ Rupért for . this a season of the yéar averaging 12¢ té 13e. The lowest = was 10¢ and the highest 17e: Many trips have aiti¥ed at Vdiicouver, drid tlie — Canadian. Fishing Co. have been able to accept every- thing that has been offered them, as their large steam- — ers are still tied" up. This Company have also been receiving large quantities of halibut and salmon from the West Coast of Vancouver Island, and points all along the coast, where they have their stations. The Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Ltd., Vane ecouver branch, had a few trips in June, but the most of their shipments arrive from Prince Ruperh from their headquarters. ee The London Fish Company are receiving regular shipments from Prince Rupert. VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FRESH FISH MARKET. Halibut has been quite plentiful for some time past. The prices have ranged from 12e for chickens to 16¢ for mediums. mae Salmon have been arriving in fair quantities, and just now (July 15) the fresh sockeye is coming on the market. They are selling in the round at 18e. per lb., and dressed heads on at 20c. per lb. Springs are bringing 20e. per lb. dressed heads on. The run of salmon on the Fraser is better than was expected fo this season of the year, _ ; Soles will be off the market as far as the local caught variety is concerned as most of the fishermen will be fishing salmon, ~ Smelts are arriving in good quantities, and quite a few are being frozen at the present time. The Drie is 7 to 9e. per lb. Cod pest the local fishermen are searee at present & and will continue so for some time to come, as most — of the men will be out after salmon. What few local — fish are arriving are bringing about 12c. per Ib. SOCKEYE RUN IMPROVING. From Wadhams, District No. 2, British Columbia. A report on July 10th stated that the sockeye run had been satisfactory the preceding week. The run is improving and fishermen predict a big year. Weath- er conditions have been excellent and if it stays that | way for the remainder of the season canneries shomleg put up a big pack. Smith’s Inlet is even better than River’s Inlet; one boat having delivered over 1,700 fish (sockeye) in ten days. SALMON NOTES. : The report comes from Wachame, District No. 2, British Columbia, that all the canners are ahead of last year’s pack. Sockeye are reported unusually large this year, averaging a fraction over ten to the _ case as against thirteen to the case for last season. White springs are reported plentiful in Distriet No. 3, British Columbia, but there is no great demand yet for this variety. d ,, 920 FEWER SALMON CANNERIES OPERATING On the Fraser River (July 15th) 1015 gill net licenses have been issued as against 1315 at the same time last “year. (he following figures show the number of ~ fieenses issued by the fishery department for 1920, 1 ae the present writing:. Canneries 61, Trap nets , purse seines 113, 43 drag seines, 3,812 gill nets, 1,397 trolling. The trotling licenses are distributed as follow (whites) 592; (Indians) 301; (Japanese) 486; gill nets (whites) 223; (Japanese) 874; (Indians) 52. The gill net figures given above are for districts numbered one and three. No. 2 district 2,663 for 1920 against 2,483 for 1919. During the 1919-1920 season there were 82 cannery issued, 20 trap net licenses, 139 purse seine, 102 drag seine, 4,592 gill net, and 2,260 trolling licenses. _ As there are many purse seines used in the fishing or fall fish and it is necessary to put in applications ‘ore any given period this year, there is every prob- ibility of more of this class of licenses being issued. ____ It will be noted that there are 21 canneries less than were operating last year. It may be possibte that one or two more may operate for Fall fish, but this is ely surmise. ‘MR. W. A. FOUND ARRIVES ON THE PACIFIC ie COAST. Mr. W. A. Found, Assistant Deputy Minister of eries arrived in on July 11th. His first visit of inspection will be at the Dominion Biological Station - Departure Bay on Vancouver Island, which is in charge of Dr. C. MeLean Fraser. Upon his return to Vancouver, Mr. Found will stop for a day or two in the city then will go North on a further trip of in- tion later returning to Vancouver. It is expected thany matters of importance to the Pacific Coast eries will be taken up with Mr. Found before his return to Ottawa. _ COMPANY FORMED TO OPERATE PLANT AT ote ahs KNIGHT INLET. _ The B. C. Coast Fisheries, Ltd., composed of return- _ ¢d men, mostly of New Westminster, B.C., has recently been formed with a capitalization of $50,000.00. As- sisted by a grant from the Provincial government the _ hew company is undertaking ambitious plans in their new undertaking. The officers of the Company are _ President, Capt. C. F. Macaulay, one of the executive of the New Westminster G.W.V.A., First Vice-Presi- dent, Alfred Monk, who has spent:all his life in the - fishing business, son of the late Martin Monk, Seere- tary Treasurer, Mr. Herbert Fox, formerly Secretary Treasurer of the New Westminster G.W.V.A. ; _ The company already have a wharf under construe- tion on their new location on Gilford Island, in Knight Tnlet. They also propose to build a cold storage, and ‘warehouse, and will establish a store and have an ice plant. The idea is to make this a station for the deep sea fishermen, where they may sell their fish, and out- fitted for their trips. It is proposed to have a supply of bait on hand at all times for the fishing boats. It is hoped to have the plant in operation by August. _ ANOTHER NEW COMPANY OPERATING. _ Captain Lambert Carson, who has a fishing station on Knight Inlet, in company with Mr. Albert Wein- ; rg, formerly of the London Fish Company, have opened up a wholesale fish warehouse on the Gore Wharf, Vancouver. under the name of the Im- Fish Company. They are handling salmon prin- ys aes oe CANADIAN FISHERMAN 151 TRANSPLANTING SPRING SALMON The Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, in co-operation with the United States Bureau of Fish- eries, is continuing experimental work with a view to establishing the spring salmon of the Pacific coast in Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Work was begun last season, and the first transfers of eggs con- sisted of 4,000 eyed spring salmon which were shipped from the Harrison lake hatchery, on the Fraser River, to the Thurlow hatchery, Lake Ontario. In 1919, spring salmon eggs were also transferred by the Unit- ed States from one of their Pacific coast hatcheries to the hatchery at Cape Vincent, New York State, which is also on Lake Ontario. In the continuation of this experiment, a shipment of 450,000 eyed spring salmon eggs was recently re- ceived from Harrison hatchery, and laid down in splendid condition at the Thurlow hatchery. The spring salmon is the largest of all varieties, and is second to none in its edible qualities. Its adapt- ability to changed conditions is demonstrated by the success which has followed its planting in New Zea- land waters, where it is now firmly established. It is persistent in its ascent to rivers to spawn, and has been taken in Yukon river at the foot of Lake Ben- nett, a ditance of more than 2,800 miles from salt water. The fry resulting from the transfer of eggs from Pacific coast to Lake Ontario will be distributed to the most suitable areas of Lake Ontario and tributary waters to the mutual benefit of both United States and Canada. PUGET SOUND PURSE SEINERS. The report from Puget Sound is that the purse sein- ers are going to California for the tuna fishing season there. This decision was arrived at when the pink and chum salmon market looked like poor picking for the fishermen in British Columbia waters for the com- ing season. In British Columbia the fear has been that the purse seiners from the States would come, under the ‘‘open fishing policy’’ and make a big clean up not only in ‘cash but also in the fish. There is no doubt that if a large number of purse seine boats were to operate in the British Columbia waters for a couple of seasons, the fall fish run would be a thing of the past. For ’ this reason it is good news to hear that fhe decision by this class of fishermen has been to go South for this season. GASOLINE SHORTAGE AFFECTING PUGET SOUND. Owing to the gasoline shortage in the states quite a few fishing boats have been calling at Vancouver for fuel supply, but have been unable to get it here either, as the local industry has to be taken care of first. The same condition applies to Prinee Rupert and Ket- chikan where the same serious conditions exist. New devices are being used to enable boats to use mixtures of coal oil and distillate, or coal oil and gasoline. Some of these attachments are meeting with good success it is- reported. The Wallace Fisheries, Limited, are not operating their cannery on Smith’s Inlet this year. All their fish that are caught in Smith’s Inlet are being canned at their River’s Inlet cannery, It has not been de- cided yet as to whether they will operate their Kil- donan Cannery or not. CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920 — Artificial Propagation of Sturgeon Part I. Review of Sturgeon Culture in the United States By GLEN C. LEACH. Assistant in Charge Division of Fish Culture, U. S. ‘Bureau of Fisheries. A number of attempts have been made in the United States at various times to propagate the sturgeon in- the artificial manipulation of the eggs, but in every in- stance they have been rendered practically null by certain unusually persistent difficulties. An account of the efforts made may be of interest and value, par- ticularly in view of the fact, as appears from the ac- companying paper of Prof. N. A. Borodin, formerly connected with the Russian department of agriculture, that most of these obstacles were overcome in the course of some experimental work performed under his direc- tion as chief specialist in fish culture in that depart- ment. - The first attempt at sturgeon propagation by a re- presentative of the United States Government was in 1888 at Delaware City, Del., in the course of an in- vestigation of the sturgeon fishery by Dr. John A. Ry- der (Bulletin, U. S. Fish Commission, 1888), but ex- periments along that line had been conducted by Seth Green at New Hamburg, N. Y., as early as 1875, and were deseribed by him in his book, entitled ‘‘Fish Hatching and Fish Catching,’’ published at Rochester in 1879. The eggs for the experiment at Delaware City were obtained from fish landed for the market. A number of such fish were examined, but of the various lots of eggs secured only one small lot was successfully hatehed. In this instance they were taken by open- ing up the female fish, and after fertilization had been accomplished by the application of milt secured in the customary manner, the eggs were spread in a single layer over the cheesecloth bottoms of shallow boxes and anchored in a small sluiceway where there was a constant current of water. The same drawbacks—viz., difficulty in finding ripe eggs and milt at the same time, imperfect aeration of the eggs during the incubation period, and the un- usual tendency of the eggs to develop fungus—were again encountered in the course of a second attempt to propagate sturgeon at Deleware City by Dr. Bash- ford Dean in 1893. The work of that year disclosed the feasibility of using as a fertilizing medium milt secured by the removal of testes from male fish which were not sufficiently matured to void the secretion by the application of external pressure. The milt was separated from the cut testes by straining through a coarse cloth and proved just as effective as that taken from live fish, even after being held for several minutes in the rubbet-bulb container. In an effort to overcome past troubles, the style of hatching ap- paratus was changed. The eggs were spread evenly under water on shallow trays in boxes whose sides and bottoms were covered with metal gauze. The necessity for quick handling soon became apparent, as the viscid nature of the eggs causes them to eling so firmly to any surface with which they eame in contact that they are invariably injured in the attempt to loosen them, and it was found that if not placed on the trays within 10 or 15 minutes after being fer-_ tilized they would form into a gluelike mass, which speedily became compact and hard. After allowing sufficient time for the eggs to become firmly attached, — the trays containing them were fitted into the boxes and an¢hored in various places in the river bed. F By the end of the second day thereafter the eggs = in the boxes, which had been moored in marginal ie waters having a sluggish current and carrying much silt, were found to be entirely enveloped in fungus = and dead. Those placed where the water current was strong and comparatively free from sediment had sus- tained a loss of 60 per cent. by the close of the fifth day from the same cause, while those which had been installed in strong current in salt water showed prac- — tically no fungoid growth and were hatched in good condition. j In the spring of 1890 Frank N. Clark, superintendent — of the Northville (Mich.) station, made preparations | for a collection of sturgeon eggs at Fox Island, Mich., and under his direction 142 female and 32 male fish were examined between May 26 and June 14. Exam-— ination showed that 23 of the females had already — spawned, 98 were very immature, the eggs in 6 were nearly ripe, and 5 were in spawning condition. Of the males 21 were hard, 2 almost mature, and 9 en- tirely so. In all, 20,000 eggs were secured and fer-— tilized by cutting open and squeezing the milt sacs after moistening them with water. Much difficulty — was experienced from adhesion, three hours of con- stant stirring being required to break up and separ- ate the bunches of eggs. Ninety-five per cent. of them were developed to the eyed stage, but shortly after- wards a growth of fungus began spreading in the floating boxes in which they were being incubated, and, as a result, very few of the eggs were hatched. — Had it been possible to incubate them in whitefish jars it is estimated that at least 85 per cent. would have — been saved. -In the course of experimental work condueted in 1901 on the Missisquoi and Lamoille Rivers, tributary to Lake Champlain, efforts were made to hold green sturgeon. in artificial inclosures for ripening. These efforts — proved utterly futile, as in every instance the eggs” caked together in a hard mass and development was © arrested. Notwithstanding the great difficulty ex- perienced in securing ripe eggs and milt together, 1,- 500,000 eggs were taken and fertilized, and their vis- cosity was effectively overcome by the method that is employed for the separation of pike-perch eggs. They — were then successfully hatched in McDonald jars, the — incubation period being about six days in a water tem. — perature of 65 deg. F. The fish from which they were — secured were taken especially for the work, and their | violent struggles when caught frequently resulted in — the loss of many of their eggs. Such losses were un- ble, as it was impossible to distinguish a ripe e only when the eggs ran from it after it was en from the water. ; In 1911 experimental sturgeon propagation was un- aken in Minesota in the Lake of the Woods re- gion. In advance of the season’s run of fish an in- elosure large enough to hold 30 adult sturgeon was constructed in Rainy River, and a hatching apparatus sufficient capacity to accommodate 3,000,000 eggs nd fry was set up in a convenient building. Dur- i the spring 16 sturgeon were captured in a pound et and transferred to the pen. Though held for sev- ral months under apparently favorable conditions, y failed to mature, and in the following October yy were released without having produced any eggs. other trial was made in the following year with the results. the observations made, it was concluded that eon do not spawn until the water has attained a erature of 60 deg. F.; that the eggs do not ripen fish held in confinement; and that unless nearly males are available when the eggs are taken no alts can be expected. The spawning season at the r three or four days. It is believed that jars simi- r to those used in the propagation of whitefish and perch are the most suitable form of equipment the development of sturgeon eggs. Every fish-culturist knows how difficult it has een to secure any genuine success in the artificial propagation of any species of sturgeon of the genus Acipenser. There must be acknowledged almost com- plete failure in both America and Europe as far as sig results go. One drawback has been the dif- uty of keeping sturgeon eggs alive and sound, owing to their liability to be attacked and killed by Saprolegnia and other kinds of fungus. Yet another -yery serious matter has been the scarcity of stur- geon in the rivers and lakes; in fact, these fish in many waters have become practically exterminated, nd there has been no possibility of securing ripé eggs. While America and western Europe have lost most of their sturgeon supplies, Russia still remains rich in sturgeons, especially the rivers emptying into the Caspian Sea—the Volga, the Kura, and the Ural. Even in these waters, however, there has occurred positive diminution in the number of sturgeon, and it the general belief that, in order to prevent the en- tire extermination of these fish, it is quite necessary to resort to artificial propagation on a large scale. Just prior to the outbreak of the war the central administration of the fisheries in Russia received a ial appropriation for sturgeon propagation. Three the commercial species were selected for attention, namely, Acipenser ruthenus, a small fish living in the Volga; and A. guldenstadtiy a Russian sturgeon and _stellatus, or starry sturgeon, both living in the Cas- i. Sea and ascending the Volga, Kura, and Ural tivers in spring. Temporary stations for the propa- as of A. ruthenus were established and operated n the Volga in 1913, 1914, and 1915; one station for ¢ propagation of A. guldenstadti was erected on the in 1915, and another on the Kura in 1914, for ing both the starry and the Russian sturgeons. “CANADIAN FISHERMAN ‘ ’ 153 There are not at hand the exact data on the work accomplished as regards the number of eggs hatched and fry planted, but the figures for A. ruthenus run into tens of thousands and for A. stellatus and A. guidenstadti into several hundreds of thousands. Most of the fry were planted several days after hatching, but a considerable number of fry of the Russian stur- geon were reared for several months, and some speci- mens were carried in an aquarium for five or six months, until they became too large for their quarters. There have been some interesting developments in sturgeon propagation in Russia in the past few years, and I will try to describe the methods employed. Two of the most important deductions from the in- vestigations made during the experimental work are that sturgeon eggs become ripe and suitable for im- pregnation only when the male and female fish are kept together in the same pond or reservoir, and that the spawning act takes place probably only at night. These two observations explain why it has always been very difficult to get ripe eggs from sturgeons caught during daytime or kept in ponds or inclosure with- the male and female fish in separate compartments. In our experiments, specimens of A. ruthenus have been held in large ponds, and their eggs have become ripe. Russian sturgeon have been retained in a reser- voir about 32 feet long, 11 feet wide, and 6 feet deep. supplied with a current of water pumped directly from the Ural River. One night these fish spawned, and two days later there were found in the mud at the bottom of the pond thousands of eggs. Some of these fish hatched into healthy fry, but, as is always the ease under natural conditions, most of them had not been fertilized, and therefore they perished. With regard to artificial propagation of sturgeon, as elaborated by Russian fish-culturists in the latest work, the methods have been as follows: As the eggs flow from the female sturgeon they have a tendency to become united into a glutinous mass, which must at once be prevented. We received good results by strip- piig the eggs into a wire screen, washing them thor- oughly with river water, and then putting them in a tin pan and fertilizing them with milt diluted with water. Several minutes later, before the eggs had be- come sticky, we again washed them thoroughly with river water, which at this time in the Ural and Kura Rivers is very turbid and of a yellow color, because of the enormous quantity of clay and sand in suspension. By such use of muddy river water analogous to the employment of swamp muck or of starch for over- coming the adhesiveness of pike-perch eggs in tha United States, we counteracted the stickiness of the sturgeon eggs, which thereafter lose that quality and become easy to handle in any fish-hatehing apparatus. We obtained quite good results in using two very dif- ferent kinds of apparatus, namely, the Williamson trough and the Chase jar; but in both cases we pre- ferred to employ not running water, which is always a little, muddy, but filtered water without circulation and with constant aeration. After three or four days of development the eggs hatched, and thousands of fry were obtained. For the first four or five days the young do not require any external food, having a sufficient quantity of nourishment in their yolk sae; but after that period we introduced into the troughs and jars living food consisting of the smallest fresh-water crustaceans (Daphnia, Bosmina, ete.) collected in small, warm wa- 154 CANADIAN ters with fine-meshed nets. The fry soon begin to search for these crustaceans. When they become larger and accustomed to take food, we begin to feed with chopped earthworms, of which young sturgeon are very fond. Fed in this way sturgeon grow very FISHERMAN July, 1920 rapidly, attaining during the first month a length of about 144 inches and during five months 10 to 11 inches. Fry of two to three months have already — begun to closely resemble the adults and are very pretty fish. ’ Millions of People Who Never Eat Fish | i Newfoundlander suggests Central Europe as a Huge Market for Salt Dried Codfish The Newfoundland Trade Review had an _ in- terview recently with Mr. A. H. Murray, who returned by the S. S. ‘‘Sachem’’ to St. John’s, from an extended trip to Greece and Italy. As to the prices for our fish next fall, Mr. Murray thinks that it largely depends on the question of exchange, particularly in Greece and Italy. The French will be our most formidable com- petitor next fall in the Mediterranean ports. They are even today offering big stocks of last year ’s fish in the Mediterranean markets at so low a price that we cannot compete with them. We can only sell when they have sold theirs. The French frane is so low in exchange that it gives the French fish exporters an advantage that we have no chance of attaining. Mr. Murray says that Spain is well stocked with fish and there will be no normal demand there for a long time. Portugal is blocked with fish and their exchange is so low that the exporters who have fish there unsold are going to suffer heavy financial losses when we consider the high prices paid for this fish in Newfoundland. Besides there is a large quantity of our Labrador, fish in Greece unsold, quite a lot of which will have to be destroyed. The keenest com- petition in all our European markets will prevail next fall, chiefly owing to the abnormal activity of the French fishermen. Good Labrador Cure Reverting to the question of bad Labrador fish lying in Greece, Mr. Murray said it would be a mistake to take this as an argument to the effect that our Lab- rador fish generally was badly cured last season. On the contrary the truth is—that we have never had bet- ter cured Labrador fish than we had last season. The circumstances that generally result in bad car- goes or part cargoes are such as would cause deterior- ated and spoiled fish even though it were cured as perfectly as fish could be cured in the first instance. After the very best fish is shipped certain things can happen if the interval of happening is long enough that in Southern Europe will make it when ready to be discharged the very worst of fish. When the News- papers of Newfoundland are publishing comments on “Bad Cure of Fish’’ they seem to lose sight of this fact and to make no allowance for it. Criticism not Justified The assumption gets into the minds of the people at home and abroad, that because some Labrador fish when it reaches the Greek or Italian market is spoiled. therefore, all Labrador fish is badly cured. Too much stress is made by the papers, Mr. Murray thinks on the topie of badly cured fish. They would be more justified in proclaiming that all our fish is well enred than in leaving it to be inferred by their strie- tures and criticism that all of it is carelessly cured. In fact, the whole trade knows that the former is nearest to the truth. Such reports about cured fish reaching the foreitet buyers are made the most of by them to their advan-_ tage and to our disadvantage. It gives them some- — thing to ‘‘go on’’ out of our own mouths when there — is no justification for the same. Our talk and our newspaper writing should be summed up in a few words, ‘‘Our fish is well cured and we therefore want the highest price for it.’’ If there are a few planters and fishermen who are found to send in bad fish, the best plan would be to get after them with advice, admonition and instruction by local authorities, and make them speedily reform or, to put it in the form of an old adage, we should ‘“‘wash our dirty linen at home’’ and not admit to the foreign markets that we are sending out a quintal of bad Labrador fish. The Labrador fish was splendidly cured last year and will be better I believe this year. If there is any excuse for more rigid eure—supervi- sion, it should be given with much more Justificntiay to the shore fish. Mr. Murray was very strong on the idea of securing new markets for our fish amongst the millions of peo- ple who have never used it, because they have never seen it. If given a dry salt ‘codfish today these people would not know what it was and would not know h to cook it. The countries into which an effort should be made to introduce our fish are Austria (inland), Hungary, Bulgaria, Albania, Jugo Slavia, Czech Slovachia, Ukrainia, Turkey, ‘and Southern Russia. Only a Breakfast Our entire catch would only make a breakfast for these people if we could open the same access to the iy as we have to Portugal-or Spain, and from what I sa and learned in Austria—I believe this is possible with a well organized effort by the Government and Board of Trade combined. An individual firm eannot do it. The idea would be to send one or two men into every large town of these countries with samples of our dried _ codfish and let them have it cooked on the spot given to the people to eat. ““The time is very opportune to introduce salt oda fish amongst these inland peoples. Nearly all their cattle were killed in the war years and it will tak five or six years to replace them in the way of natural growth. Meantime they are looking around for all kinds of food substitutes for beef and mutton. Wh better substitutes can they have than salt codfish and I am sure they would gladly adopt it in their bill-of- fare if the opportunity of getting it was placed within their reach. We need not fear a hig voyage any more: if we can get these markets.’’ : CANADIAN FISHERMAN E 15 on —- ——!S — | Eq Reorganized Fisheries Administration Needed ae | an By COLIN McKAY. % Ag - Some rather drastie criticism of Canadian fisheries policy was made not long since in the House of Com- mons by Mr. Wm. Duff, M.P. for Lunenburg, but he appears to have been, in the main, expressing views which prevailed within the Department of Fisheries it- s if we may judge from some admissions which have been made by Ward Fisher, who was recently ap- inted Chief Inspector of the new organized Eastern eries Division. Asked what was the purpose of re-organization of the administrative service in the aritime Provinces, Mr: Fisher said ‘‘the Department has been- handicapped for years under a system of ad- istration which made impossible any coherent or eessful effort to encourage and develop the fish- “eries.”” Mr. Fisher added that the fisheries were too tensive to have the administration successfully cen- tralized at Ottawa, and that the system of employ- ment of officers and guardians did not admit of the retention of men like to give efficient service. Mr. in his indictment of the administration, made ‘similar points. Mr. Duff’s demand that immediate steps be taken to formulate and put into effect a vigorous policy for the development of the fisheries of Eastern Canada, has therefore considerable warrant in admissions of the chief fisheries officer for Eastern : “Apparently the Department had determined on a ization of the administration service before Mr. Duff assailed it, but the division of the fisheries into districts presided over by the officials with con- siderable powers, will not of itself turn the point of recent criticism. It may be presumed that the re- organization is preliminary to a general overhauling of whole fisheries policy, but as yet the public has been vouchsafed no information as to the character of such overhauling, or as to any new departures con- templated or in being. From statements made by Mr. Fisher it would appear that the question of formu- lating a new fisheries policy is still somewhat at sea. _ Mr. Fisher states that in his opinion ‘‘one of the first and most important duties is a thorough survey of the fisheries, in order to gain an intelligent knowledge of the possibilities, needs and requirements of the in- dustry.”’ If after all these years the Department has sufficient data to form an intelligent estimate of the possibilities and requirements of the industry, there would appear to be a very good need for re- organization and a general overhauling of the whole sys of administration. In 1912 the cost of the administrative service of the Canadian fisheries was nearly nine times as great as the cost of the admini- strative service of the fisheries of France, though the value of the fish catch in that year was practically the same as that of France. Allowance must be made for the great extent of our fisheries, but even so, we pay or an administrative service that might be expected to give a good account of itself. In 1913 Canada expend- ed on, fisheries administration practically as much as blie of the United States did. lickerson, before the war, claimed that the quantity of fish eaught by Nova Scotia had not in- creased since the days of the Washington Treaty, and that the increased value was mainly due to the in- crease prices of lobsters. Mr. Duff told parliament that the increased values of the catch of Eastern Can- ada during the war was due to high prices, ‘‘and not due to development.’’ On this point, Chief Inspector Fisher says: ‘‘It is quite true there has been little in- crease in the catch for some fifty years, notwithstand- ing that the markets can easily absorb a very greatly increased catch. Indeed, the catch, particularly for the fresh fish trade, would have shown a decrease in the past several years if it had not been for the oper- ations of some five or six modern trawlers, and this in the face of the fact that thére has been a very great improvement in off-shore fishing, due to the replacing of the row and sail boat by the adoption of the mod- ern .motor-boat. It should be pointed out that our fishing population, even at the more advantageously located points, is not adequate to supply the demands for experienced fishermen.’’ At the same time Mr. Fisher argues that steam trawlers are not likely to be employed in the Cana- “dian fisheries in any considerable numbers—at any rate for some time to come. One difficulty he sees is the lack of trained men to handle them, but that can hardly be said to be insurmountable. Given the trawlers, men can soon be trained, but probably only large companies could afford to undertake this. More pertinent—yet not altogether consistent .with his pre- vious view—is his statement that™‘‘the industry is not in a position at present to handle the product of any considerable fleet of steam trawlers. Our home mar- ket cannot be greatly expanded until facilities for curing, packing and transporting are provided. Also it should be remembered that we have few large cen- tres of population and these are located at widely separated points.’’ Mr. Fisher advocates the provision of more cold storage stations, and the construction of safe harbors and anchorages, especially in Cape Breton, where there is but indifferent exploitation of the prolific fisheries. Mr. Fisher regards the agitation for a College of Fish- eries aS an encouraging sign, and has for some time been working on a plan to make technical education available to fishermen. ‘‘There is little doubt,’’ he says, “‘that the industry will not take its proper place in the fish trade of the world until those engaged in the fishery are familiar with the best methods of catching, curing, packing and manufacturing the pro- duet so as to take advantage of the demands of the domestic and export trade.”’ Against the admission that the maritime fishing in- dustry has been practically stationary, so far as the quantity of fish caught is concerned, may be set the fact that between 1910 and 1917 the value of the fish- eries of British Columbia, Ontario and the Western Provinces increased more than four times. There should be in that a challenge to the enterprise of the Maritime Provinces. 156 FISH HATCHERIES ON THE LAKES The season’s distribution of fry from hatcheries operated by the Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, in the Great Lakes and Lake of the Wioods, amounted to 388,000,000, of which 205,- 500,000 were whitefish. The Kenora hatchery led the way, setting free 19,500,000 whitefish, making a total of 93,400,000. The Kingsville hatchery came second with a total distribution of 82,000,000, and the Thur- low hatchery third, with a total of 79,785,700. The distribution from Sarnia was 55,840,000 and from Collingwood 47,660,000. The hatcheries at Port Ar- thur, Southampton and Wiarton made up the balance of approximately 29,000,000. The species included, in order, were whitefish, pickerel, herring,-salmon trout and spring salmon. WORK OF FORT FRANCES FISH HATCHERY One cannot realize the multitudes of fish that are being carefully and scientifically hatched and deposit- ed in Rainy Lake by the Fort Frances fish hatchery. On Saturday some 10,000,000 pickerel and white fish were distributed in the lake in favorable localities. These small fish—about the size of wrigglers—after being carefully nursed along in the hatching by Supt. Coulter, who is an expert-of many years experience, are placed on board the ‘‘Gladys R.’’ in fifteen gallon cans and conveyed to the places of deposit where they are poured into the lake by Supt. Coulter alone. In this case and at lunch are the two occasions on which the Superintendent is abundantly able to help himself and scorns all assistance. The small*fish, placed in the lake on Saturday were only one of several such loads that have been deposited already, and that are yet to be placed this season. They consist of pickerel at this season. Many of these fish will be about five inches in length at the end of this season and will be large marketable fish in three or four years. They are said to remain in the vicinity of the localities where they are first deposited or if they leave they return like the birds. The question may be asked: ‘‘Why remove the spawn from the lake at all?’’ The answer is simple. Suckers would come along and devour the spawn: that is their habit. When the fish are put into the lake after being artificially hatched they are not attacked at all by the suckers. In this way a mortal enemy is avoided and millions of fish preserved. Other enemies do not attack the little fellows—they are too small to make a meal until they are able to take care of themselves to some extent. We can therefore under- stand what an inestimable benefit the hatchery will be to the fishing industry. SMALL QUANTITIES OF JAPANESE FISH IM. PORTED INTO THE ARGENTINE Mr. B. S. Webb, Canadian Government Trade Com- missioner in Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic, reports under date June 11 that only small quantities of Jap- anese fish products are imported into Argentina. Dur- ing a period of five months only 75 cases of codfish were imported into Argentina from Japan. The quan- tity of salmon was larger, 750 cases being imported, but it is believed that, although coming from Yoko- hama, it was actually a consignment of British Colum- bia salmon. - Small quantities of dried stock-fish have also been received from Japan. CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920 WHITEFISH IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Last season the Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries began experiments with a view to establishing the eastern whitefish of the Great Lakes in the larger and more important lakes of Brit- ish Columbia. The first shipment of eggs was made in 1919, and consisted of 7,000,000 in the eyed state. These were sent from the Sarnia hatchery, Ontario, to the Harrison Lake hatchery British Columbia, and the resulting fry were distributed in Harrison Lake. This spring theexpreiment was extened and a — shipment of 12,000,000 has recently been made from the Sarnia hatchery of which 7,000,000 will be laid down in the Harrison lake hatchery. The balance will be hatched in the Pemberton hatchery, and the fry distributed in Lillooet Lake: These experiments will be continued for a term of years, and will be extended as conditions permit to all of the larger and most suitable lakes of British Columbia. NEW PORT STANLEY COMPANY. Canadian Fisheries and Storage Company, Limited, has been granted incorporation under the Ontario Com- panies Act, the incorporators being H. A. Short, Agnes May Short, and Murdock Melvor, of Port Stanley, C. E. Butler of St. Thomas and R. E. Menzie of Oakville. The Company, which is empowered to carry on a gen- eral fish business, is capitalized at $150,000 and its 3 head office is at Port Stanley. PERCENTAGE HATCHED HIGHER A most successful season in the Atlantic salmon and trout hatcheries in Nova Scotia has just been con- cluded. While the total number of eggs was not as large as it has been for the last few years, the per- — centage hatched was considerably larger and the fry + were all distributed in a healthy and vigorous eondi- tion. With the exception of 262,000, the balance of the 6,722,00 fry distributed were Atlantic Salmon. Fifty thousand fry were placed in rearing tanks and troughs. The greatest distribution was from the Windsor hatchery, which released 2,011,000. Middle- ton hatchery released 1,755,000 Atlantic salmon and =~ approximately 200,000 rainbow and speckled trout. Margaree hatchery, set free 1,250,000 Atlantie salmon and 65,000 speckled trout. From Bedford 1,164,000 Atlantic salmon fry were released and at Lindloft 278,000 of the same species. In the Fisheries District of which H. K. Stoddard, Lower Shag Harbour, N.S., is Overseer, two new fish — curing establishments have been opened this season, — one operated at Shag Harbour in the name of ‘‘L. A. — Greenwood Fishing Company,’ and the other operat- ing at Clark’s Harbour under the name of ‘‘Nicker- son Brothers.”’ The Frank E, Davis Company, of Clark’s Harbour, is making an addition to its plant by installing cold storage and freezer. This coneern is planning to can all kinds of fish and is giving employment to a large number of males and females. This is a braneh of the Freeport, N.S., outfit and all sales are made through the latter point. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Government Inspection and Observation a DR. C. McLEAN FRASER pection for all fish products sufficient attention not been paid to the effect that such inspection ould have on the conservation of fish. In the preserving of fish by canning or otherwise, poor product from a species ordinarily of good alue, is mainly due, apart from any lack of care in process, to one of three causes: the taking of fish are very immature, the taking of fish that have deteriorated on account of the near approach of the “Spawning season and the use of fish that have been long out of the water. If a grade of fish, poor zh any of these causes; were eliminated by in- jon, conservation would stand to gain much. three factors have all been pronounced in the of the different species of salmon. e taking of immature salmon is confined almost ely to the spring and the coho, as the other species remain in deep water until the direct tion to the rivers and streams is started, after h they take no food. During the last few years, ie strait of Georgia, at entrance to the strait of and at the mouth of the Columbia River, great of immature fish have been taken, many of 2 so small and soft that they are unsuitable for rving by any method. Dr. E. V. Smith of the ‘iversity of Washington, has made extended observa- _in two of these areas and he is able to show t the loss to the industry in quantity alone by these immature fish is enormous. If Govern- ment inspection were in force these fish could not pass muster as of good grade, and if there were no ready for them, the fishing could not long continue. If ‘ a result could be brought about, this alone would be sufficient to make Government inspection worth It is of even greater importance to prevent the tak- ing of fish deteriorated on account of the rapid growth of the roe, near spawning time, since here the ile five species are affected. In some species, not- ly the coho and the humpback. and to a large ex- t the chum salmon, the maturing of the roe takes ‘s very rapidly, with a corresponding rapid change n the general appearance of the fish. In the spring and sockeye, that go so far up the large rivers, the inge is not so rapid: Normally any salmon is at best immediately before this change takes place. » fish that go a long way up the rivers are still in rood condition when they enter the rivers, but the ill salmon that go up the small streams or short istances up the larger streams are seldom so. Of the humpbacks have the softest flesh, and hence deteriorate the most rapidly. Often they are in condition before they reach the mouth of the er. In many cases these fall salmon form large iools at the mouths of rivers or more particularly it the mouths of small streams and it is here they are ht with the purse seines. The water in the is often so low before the fall rains come that ish do not get up readily for some time after they begun to deteriorate, and have become more value ent fish than as the raw material for a poor grade gente . ning product. Proper inspection would eliminate the whole- sale taking of these deteriorated fish and would thus go a long way in conservation. Just here an international question may arise, as it has arisen in the past. In some cases where Canadian fishermen have been prevented from eatching deterior- ated fish, American fishermen have come in to take them over to American canneries, where they were put up as fish caught in Canadian waters and canned in American canneries. This gross injustice to the Can- adian fisheries is two-fold. In the first place the American fishermen are allowed to take fish from Canadian waters that the Canadian fishermen are pro- hibited from taking and, in the second place the re- putation of the Canadian fish suffers through no fault of the Canadian industry. Apart altogether from the question of a general embargo, this procedure should be stopped at once. The preserving by canning or otherwise of fish too long out of the water, indirectly has much to do with the fish supply. The firm flesh of the chum salmon will carry longer than the softer flesh of the hump- back and there is variation in the other species as well. An extreme limit of 48 hours between catching and canning is now generally accepted as being advisable Proper inspection, by eliminating the canning of fish held for a longer period, would prevent purse seiners in particular from going around farther and farther afield to practically clean up stream after stream when fishing in nearby areas is no longer profitable. In many eases such intensive fishing has made whole areas almost barren. Here again American fishermen have been serious offenders and to the operations of these is due to a large extent the agitation for an embargo on all Paci- fie salmon. Government inspection, much more extensive than it is, should have a decided bearing on herring conserva- tion. Although a herring inspector was appointed a couple of years ago for the province of British Colum- bia the machinery for inspection should be extended to make it more readily applicable. In any case there has been as yet little chance to gain much benefit from the inspection since the inspector was appointed as the market for Pacific herring has been too nearly ruined to recover for some time. When on account of war conditions a wide open market for Pacifie herring properly prepared, appeared, there was a chance to es- tablish the industry on a firm basis, such a chance as had never come before, and will not likely soon come again, but as there was no Government inspec- tion there was a glut of inferiorly prepared fish and the market went a-glimmering even for those who put up the superior product. One of the contributary causes was the use of fish that had become soft and por in oil, on account of the near approach to spawn- ing. A fish is not necessarily more useful to the race near spawning time than at any other time of the year, but at this time the herring, like other fish, become less active and in consequence seine hauls may be made in the same school again and again until the school is practically wiped out. The fishing regula- 158 CANADIAN tions call for a closing down of fishing when the fish begin to spawn, but for some time before this the fish are not in good condition for preserving, but control here cannot well be worked by fishery regulations. On the other hand it should be an easy matter to control by fish inspection and the species would receive the. benefit. : Other fish used extensively, such as the halibut, sable fish and pilchard do not spawn in fresh water or in shallow water in the sea, hence with them inspec- tion would have little effect on conservation, but whether ofher fish come into the list or not, the effect on the salmon and the herring is well worth while considering. FRANCE TO SPEND $40,000,000 ON FISHERIES. By COLIN McKAY France will proceed with the project to spend 200,- 000,000 franes, or $40,000,000 at_normal exchange, on the development of her fisheries. The bill which pass- ed the Chamber of Deputies last October has been adopted by the Senate. Evidently the great consider- ation with the Senate was the need of doing some- thing to reduce the high cost of living which had at- tained such a pitch some months ago that there was fear of revolution. The French railway strike brought matters to a crisis; the Government broke the strike, but not before it had started a big drive against the high cost of living, which produced very consider- able results. In this effort it was supported by the bankers, alarmed by the angry attitude of the workers. This, no doubt, explains why the fisheries development bill went through the Senate without any apparent opposition, and why every reference made by Senator Doumerque, chairman of the Marine Commission, to the possible effect of the bill upon the problem of pub- lic alimentation was received with applause. Only one amendment to the bill as it came from the Chamber of Deputies was proposed in the Senate. M. Flaissieres, socialist senator from Marseille, moved that in the disposal of fishing vessels built or acquired by the state, preference be given to associations already en- gaged in the fisheries, whether of employers or work- ing fishermen. This was rejected on two grounds; first, that there should be no discrimination against any public association willing to help in augmenting the food supply, and second, that the amendment was largely superfluous as the provision to sell to pro- fessional syndicates covered both patrons and fisher- men, associations and unions. The presumption of the act is that those engaged in the fisheries, vessel owners, co-operative societies and fishermen’s unions, will be the first to take advantage of the opportunity of acquiring the fishing craft, of which the state is able to dispose, but it is provided that public bodies, or corporations operating public utilities, may take over fishing vessels from the gov- ernment on the same terms as companies at present operating fishing vessels, or fishermen’s unions. The grant of 200 million franes is to be expended as follows: 50 millions on fishing vessels and eraft equipped with refrigerators to carry fish—say from St. Pierre or Iceland to France. 35 millions to construct cold storage plants, refriger- ator cars and facilities for curing and storing fish in the fishing ports of France. 115 millions for the improvement of the fishing of the fish catch, how much money would the C FISHERMAN July, 1920. | ports, building breakwaters, piers warehouses, provid- ing facilities for coaling or taking oil, making conneec- tions with railways, constructing dry docks ete. 2 The fact that over half of the 200 millions is ear marked for the improvement of fishing ports is inter- esting. How many properly equipped fishing po have we in Canada? According to Horace J. Logan, president of the Maritime Board of Trade, and an ex- M.P., this country has contributed in one form another, a matter of $1,250,000,000 to railway develo ment, but it is notorious that when a maritime memb of Parliament has asked for a vote of a few thousan to build a breakwater in the interest of our fishe Ottawa correspondents of inland newspapers” usually made a joke of it. Often it has been erud insinuated that maritime members demanded votes breakwaters simply for political purposes, because would increase their prestige if a little gover money was spent on the fishing ports of their stituencies. Probably the’ maritime members de this; if they had studied the history of Euro fishing ports they would not have been content to ask for breakwaters. Ymiuden in Holland, munde in Germany were created out of public m other important European fishing ports owe their portance to public grants. On the basis of the » dian Government have to vote to the fishing indi in order to be on a par with France? Not less_ $40,000,000, for just before the war the fish ea Canada showed a value slightly in excess of the of Franee. And of this amount $23,000,000 woul allotted for the improvement of fishing ports. — on the basis of population the Canadian Gover would have to vote $8,500,000 to do as much f fishing industry as the Government of Fran undertaken to do. = It is proper to note that before the war the Government was only spending a little over $1 per annum on its various fisheries services, whil Canadian Government was spending about $1,0€ on its its fisheries services. But the French G ment was also distributing sums ranging from — 000 to $1,000,000 per year in the form of bounti vessel owners and fishermen engaged in the pr tion of the deep sea fisheries. And, moreover. French Government has for years spent large under the head of publie works on fishing ports an the provision of refrigerator car services for the use of the fishing industry. SEASON’S FRY DISTRIBUTED. The hatcheries in Manitoba operated by the Fis Branch Department of Marine and Fisheries, completed distribution of fry for the season, - liberated numbering 226,446,850. Of these 25, were pickerel, and the balance whitefish. With some few exceptions the distribution has also been completed in British Columbia. province 114,479,487 fry have been liberated up chiefly of the various species of salmon. — were also, approximately, 7,000,000 whitefish, about 740,000, Kennerley’s smelt. The trap operated by Coolens at Fox Point, a ne burg County, Nova Seotia, caught 10,000 pounds | pollock on June 28th, : CANADIAN FISHERMAN Annual Meeting of the Pacific Fisheries Society 159 n this oceasion the Pacific Piabeties Society joined in with the other societies. For the morning sessions the ©. MeLean Fraser, Director of the Biological tion, Nanaimo, B.C., in the chair. An extensive pro- mme was provided but time did not permit of its g fully carried out. In the papers presented most the attention was centred on the Pacific Salmon. were as follows: — : Immature Salmon. Dr. E. V. Smith, University of _ Washington, Seattle, ‘Much data were collected directly from the fisher- en and the canners to arrive at some idea as to the ent of the financial loss sustained by catching im- chinook and silver salmon at the mouth of Y ‘the Columbia River and at the entraneé to the Strait 'Fuea. This gives evidence of a very large annual ‘ag not only to those connected with the industry to the country as a whole. The progeny of a pair of salmon. A. Robertson, r-in-Charge, Harrison Lake hatchery, B.C. In the spring of this year it was possible to, examine ie nests of several chum salmon on the shore of Har- rison Lake and to make an actual count of the number of eggs hatching out in each. These had a range of m 300 to 1500. This would indicate that the mor- ity in the hatching of natural spawned fish is not great as is commonly stated. ‘The tape worm infection of Washington trout. Dr. Nathan Fasten, University of Washington, Seattle. In some of the lakes in the state of Washington the trout were rapidly dying off. An examination of some ‘them showed that they were infected with a tape- worm. As yet, it has not been possible to find the other host, but the indication is that it is one of two or hree water birds that visit these lakes. The maturity of the Chinook salmon caught in the a along the Pacific Coast. W. H. Rich, Bureau of Fisheries. A study of the seales has been used extensively as indication of age in salmon as in other fish. In this stance an attempt was made to co-ordinate the size of the eggs in the female with the age at the time the fish was caught, with quite satisfactory results. Some effects of reduced diet on the development of salmon fry. Professor G. F. Sykes, Oregon Agrieul- tural College, Corvallis. Various experiments were carried out to find out the effect of reduced diet in order to be able to de- tect the cause when similar effects are produced in at large. A relatively large head, with attenanae s the most perked symptom. The Development of a Fisheries School. Dr. E. W. Ritter, Scripps Institution, La Jolla, Cal. ; In connection with the work of a fisheries school there should be a very definite correlation between such work as is being done at the various Biological Stations and the practical application of this in the school. Not only this, but there should be a greater - effort made to get the support and interest of the gen- eral public by showing the value of the work. No better method is available than by making use of the daily press and of periodicals to present the facts in. a readable style. C.F.A. Resolution Endorsed As a matter of business the formation of an Interna- tional Fisheries Council was discussed and a resolution endorsing the action of the Canadian Fisheries Asso- ciation in urging the formation of such a Council was most favorably received. Professor John N. Cobb, Director of the College of Fisheries, Seattle, was elect. ed president for the ensuing year. A pleasant feature of the second morning session was the inspection of the buildings and equipment of the College of Fisheries. Director Cobb fully explained the nature and the value of the various pieces of equip- ment and their use and application in the courses given at the College as well as the plans for prospee- tive expansion. On Thursday afternoon a symposium on ‘‘The ani- mal and plant resources of the North Pacific Ocean,”’ under the auspices of the Pacific Fisheries Society, the Western Naturalists and the Ecological Society of America, brought out a good attendance. ~ The President of the Pacific Fisheries Society, who presided, called attention to the progress that had been made towards co-operation in International marine biological research. From the Fisheries side, the resolutions passed by the Canadian Fisheries Associa- tion at the last two meetings, together with the pro- mised support of the Fisheries Departments in the three countries, indicated the desire for co-operation between, Newfoundland, Canada and the Uniited States, and the symposium at the Pasadena meeting a year ago indicated the tendency for more general biological co-operation in the Pacific. He then read a paper ‘Marine Biology in relation to the North Pa- cifie Fisheries.’ Natural conditions along the Pacifie Coast of North America are particularly suitable for a variety and an abundance of marine life. Each species is a study in itself but fortunately the investigation carried on in connection with any one species often helps with the investigation of many others and the work on several phases of the one problem may be carried on simul- taneously by specialists in different lines of work. To make satisfactory progress co-operation is needed among those working in all fields of the science or related sciences, the taxonomist, the ecologist, the embryologist, the morphologist, the geneticist, the biometrician, the experimental biologist, the physio- logist, the biochemist, the hydrographer, the pathologist, 160 the parasitologist, and the dietician. Any of these work- ing alone must make slow progress, but if all were working in co-operation with material collected for work internationally planned on a_ large scale, much might be accomplished with no greater ef- fort than is expended at present. There seems to be no particular reason why the public should not be- come sufficiently posted to support work of this kind for the fisheries as well as for the sister industry, agriculture. ‘ ‘ Can the Alaska Fisheries be Saved? Dr. Barton W. Evermann, California Academy, of Sciences, San Francisco. A review of the efforts towards conservation by regulation of fishing, artificial propogation, etc., in Alaska, since the territory was taken over by the United States, shows little of certainty that the et- forts have been of much avail. This is accounted for by the fact that in many instances a satisfactory ex- amination of conditions has not preceded experiments made, nor were the results sufficiently investigated and correlated. The Government has not given suffi- cient financial support to provide for such work and unless it is provided for iff the near future it will be too late to save the situation. Present Conditions and Needs of the Alaska Sal- mon Fisheries.. Ward T. Bower, U.S. Bureau of Fish- eries, This paper was somewhat more optimistic than the preceding.. It was admitted that conservation results had not been all that could be desired, but the Bureau of Fisheries had done as much as was possible with the amount of Government support received. The method of regulation under the code for Alaska now in pros- pect will give a much better chance for good results and improved methods of fish culture with better facilities for checking results will make an improve- ment with this branch as well: Ocean Pasturage and Ocean Fisheries.. W. E. Allen, Seripps Institution, La Jolla, Cal. Although most of the larger marine species are car- nivorous, their diet as well as that of the smaller species, must ultimately depend on plant life of the sea, which is present largely as diatoms and these commonly make up the bulk of the microplankton. A study of the nature, number and migration of the dia- toms is consequently fundamental in any detailed marine biological investigation. Other papers prepared but not presented were: Relation of Scientific Investigation to the Fisheries. W. F. Thompson, California Fish and Game Commis- sion, Long Beach, Cal. Future of the Pacific Fisheries. Professor John N. Cobb, College of Fisheries, Seattle. The Conservation of the Salmon in the Western United States. W. H. Rich, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. The Necessity of Conservation in Whaling. R. ©. Murphy, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, N.Y. These will be included in the printed copies of the symposium papers. On Friday afternoon a general meeting was ad- dressed by Dean R. W. Brock, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, his subject being ‘‘The’ last Crusade of Allenby.’’ On Friday at noon, the Seattle Chamber of Commerce made its weekly luncheon a Fisheries luncheon and in- vited the members of the Pacifie Fisheries Society CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920. to be present. Short addresses were delivered by Dr. Evermann and Dr. Fraser. Dr. Evermann referred to the work that should be done on such fisheries questions as that pertaining to the Pacific salmon and emphasized the need of Goy- ernment support in such work. While ninety three per cent of the Government expenditure in the United States goes to pay for past wars and for military and naval upkeep, only one per cent is devoted to the en- — couragement, of scientific research. Until a more benevolent attitude towards such work is developed — great unnecessary loss and waste must continue. : Dr. Fraser referred to the need of co-operation in — research on the various fisheriey problems of the At- lantie and the Pacific and referred to the progress that is being made towards the formation of an Interna- — tional Fisheries Council to include representatives from — Newfoundland, Canada and the United States. Such © bodies as the Seattle Chamber of Commerce can do — much towards arousing the public to the necessity for support in such an important matter. The matter of entertainment was well looked after. On Thursday evening the University gave a public — reception at which Dean Condon, in the absence of Pre- _ sident Suzzallo gave an address of welcome, which was responded to by Dr. B. W. Evermann, Chairman of the executive of the Association. Dr. J. C. Merriman, the — retiring President of the Association delivered an ad-— dress on ‘‘The Research Spirit in every day affairs of the average man.’’ On Friday evening, through the courtesy of President Suzzallo and the Committee on Arrangements, a complimentary dinner was given to the members and visiting delegates. Motor cars were available at all spare times for tours about the city, the tour about Seattle boulevards being a particularly — pleasant one. or On Saturday the time was given up to excursions. The trip to the Oyster-beds in Hoods canal proved to be the greatest attraction to the Fisheries Society. — The meeting throughout was most enjoyable and profitable. Much eredit should be given to the Pre- sident and the Faculty of the University of Washing- ton, on whom devolved the greater portion of the pre- paration for the meeting. ay + Ae ICEHOUSE FELL INTO LAKE. The Alberta Fisheries Company located at Widewater on the south shore of Lesser Slave Lake, recently suf. ferred a very severe loss when the ice house contain ing 600 tons of ice became undermined by the hij : water and fell into the Lake. Practically all the ice — was destroyed together with merchandise, to the value | of $1,000. 5 F. Ballach of Wadner also experienced a similar loss. It is possible neither of these Firms will be in position to operate, as the cost of landing ice in ear loads from Edmonton is approximately $5. per t Other Companies are well prepared and opened thei season, July 15th. SUCCESSFUL WHALING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA Although it is early in the season, the reports from — the West Coast of British Columbia are that the whal ing season has been very fair so far. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 161 Lake Erie Fishermen Hold Regatta FISHERMEN’S CARNIVAL HELD AT PORT STANLEY Plans made in the interval between the annual con- vention of the Lake Erie Fishermen’s Association and July 1st found their culmination on Dominion Day, when, at Port Stanley, Ont. the Asso¢iation staged its first regatta. The event, which found its inception at the gathering in St. Thomas last February, was ¢co- erated in by the Port Stanley authorities and by e officials of the London and Port Stanley Electric way with the result that upwards of fifteen thous- and people were attracted to the charming Lake Erie port on Dominion Day. Both the national holiday and the day following its elaborate program of aquatie and land events in the course of the two days celebration the Lake ie Fishermen’s Association proved its sportsman- like qualities and incidentally put itself and the port very much on the map of Western Ontario. Thousands f people came from various points in the western part f the Province, and lake ports on the other side of the boundary sent their quotas, notably Cleveland, which sent a ball team and a lot of rooters to swell! the crowd. The educational feature of the celebra- tion, also, was not inconsiderable. Much of the program was designed to show how the men engaged in the lake fisheries ply their trade and this was done in a series of contests in seining, net laying, net mending and sailing that proved mighty iting to the fishermen themselves and vastly in- teresting to the thousands of laymen gathered on the eh on the beach or on launches, tugs and various ther eraft on the water. Then there Were many con- - tests by the fishermen on the land which demonstrated > clearly that the prowess of those engaged in the fish business i is not confined to their work out in the lake. Several bands had been engaged for the event and the whole regatta was carried out on a scale that reflect- ed the utmost credit on President A. S. Brown, See- retary E. A. Short, Vice-President A. E. Crewe and ‘the other members of the executive and the various other committees having the arrangements in hand. Port Stanley’s chief executive extended a hearty wel- ome to the visitors but owing to the delay in start- the program on Thursday there was no speech- king. Hon. F. G. Biggs, minister of Public Works for Ontario, attended the gathering on the second day and was an interested spectator of the day’s vents. Review of the Fleet It was 11 o'clock on a bright sunny Dominion Day when Capt. Robinson of the Government tug Becan- cour pulled his whistle cord and steered out into the centre of the harbor to lead the grand review of the fishing fleet and other gayly decorated craft that had been tied up at their berths in Kettle Creek. On a8 were members of the executive committee, some ‘guests and the Veteran’s Band from London. There were about twenty tugs in line and the course lay a ple of miles up the coast and close enough inshore give the thousands of spectators on the bank an excellent Seportaniy to view the spectacle. ‘‘I reck- on the Spanish Armada has nothing on us,’’ quoth Capt. Robinson as he swung his tug around to port to give the judges a closer scrutiny of the flag-bedecked eraft. ‘‘Nor the Grand Fleet either’’ rejoined Presi- dent Brown who proceeded to yell instructions through the megaphone to the skippers to close up the gaps. It was Mr. Brown, Mayor Brinckman of St. Thomas and Chas. F. Hamlyn of the Canadian Fish- erman who did the judging and out of the long line of splendidly decorated tugs selected the ‘‘Wilma’’ of Port Stanley owned by Messrs Tongue and Mce- Donald as the winner, with Morgan Bros’ tugs the **Morgan’’ and ‘‘Donald Mack’’ second and third re- spectively. Other finely decorated tugs in line were Onajag, Valkarye, Iona, Lavaltrie, Miseford, Archie Mae, Henry F. Jelly, Edward S. Max L., Choctaw, John R. Moore, Cisco, Brown Brothers, Frank Stanley, Oriana. Some Speed Contests. Following the review of the fleet a program of speed contests on the lake was pulled off. The pound net boat race for the silver trophy donated by the Times Journal of St. Thomas was captured by ‘‘Blue Jean’’ of Port Bruce, owned by MeGuire and Drumgold, while the second and third prizes went to P. J. Paddin of Port Stanley and Hales and Black of Port Stanley re- spectively. The race eovered a two-mile course and proved an exciting one to the thousands of spectators on the beach. The ‘‘Blue Jean’’ won by about ten boat lengths. Two tugs gave a fine demonstration of setting and lifting nets, the ‘‘Morgan’’ of Port Stanley winning the contest from the ‘‘Onajag’’ owned by Wilson & Co. of Port Stanley. The ‘‘Morgan”’ paid out, set and gathered in 3,700 feet of net in 17.47 minutes. The *Onajag’’ unfortunately missed her buoy at the turn and lost considerable time by the oceurrence. Both crews, however, put up a splendid fight for the honors and the competition proved a very keen and exciting one. Following these events there were swimming races for both ladies and gentlemen, diving from a greased pole, canoe races, etc., all of which created great interest and amusement, while at night there was a band concert, a show carnival on the board walk and aeroplane stunts over the water by a couple of intrepid fliers, while a brilliant display of fire- works donated by the L. and P. S. Railway further en- tertained the vast crowd. The Battle of Jutland was the big feature of the fireworks display, the feature being staged by the tugs of the Lake Erie fishing fleet, who performed their part well. Perhaps the outstanding event of the ‘regatta was the big nine-mile tug race held on the morning of the second day which attracted a large number of entries. In a somewhat choppy sea, the Wilma, owned by Me- Donald, Tonge and Sanders, of Port Stanley galloped around the buoy a fairly easy winner and thus annex- ing the handsome silver trophy put up by the London Free Press, which was presented to the winning erew by President Brown, this event being staged before a moving picture camera, Miss Wilma MeDonald. 162 after whom the winning craft was named, received the trophy on behalf of the crew and she was also pre- sented with a silk Union Jack by Mr. Brown. The race was a spectacular one from start to finish and those on board the official tug, who did ‘not fall vie- tims to sea sickness, witnessed a pretty sight. The Wilma took the lead after a mile or two had been ecov- ered and never was_in serious danger of being over- hauled. She was followed at times rather closely by the Morgan but galloped home an easy winner. The CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920. tugs came in in the following order :— ; Wilma, Messrs. McDonald, Tonge & Sanders; The Morgan, Morgan Brothers; Onajag, W. MePherson; Edward S., Messrs Smale and Nicholas; Mable D., Messrs. Nicholas‘ and McCauley; Cisco, H. Taylor; Tona, H. A. Short; Choctaw. A heavy thunder storm in the afternoon brought the festivities to a rather sudden termination but it was announced that these events that had to be cancelled — will be staged at a later date. Market Your Fish Direct Canadian Fish Exporters Not Developing Foreign Trade in Proper Manner By JOHN W. GREEN. Canadian fish producers are undoubtedly deserving of the criticism which a banking institution recently levelled at Canadian business in general when it came out with the statement that the necessary amount of energy was not being exerted to develop foreign trade. Exporters of fish have been for many years accus- tomed to selling their stock to brokers in the United States, little concerned with the final destination of their output. The premium on American exchange has been an added attraction the last four or five years, and hence the Canadian exportation of fish to the United States increases by leaps and bounds. What other excuse could be offered for the fact that the value of fish exported to the United States in 1914, was $5,644,355 while last year (1919-20) it am- ounted to $17,180,250? The inerease in the value of canned salmon sent into the United States since 1914 is startling evidence of the trend of trade. In the vear 1914 canned salmon sold to the neighboring re- public was worth but $115,360 while during the last fiseal year Canada exported to the United States canned salmon to the value of $12,067,319. Again, observe the increase in our sales of dry salted cod, ling, hake and pollock, a large proportion of which is re-shipped by the United States to the West Indies and Latin-American countries. In 1914, this trade was valued at $1,131,347 while last year it brought a revenue of $4,007,887. No doubt it is an easy and safe method of doing business to sell to the United States and get the bene- fit of the premium on American dollars, and let the United States supply outside markets with our goods. As was pointed out recently in a statement issued by the Canadian Bank of Commerce on foreign trade, Americans are far-sighted enough to look to the future when exchange rates will be normal, while Canadians are resting content with immediate lucrative returns, leaving the future to take care of itself. Their faith is abnormal. Is it not patent that the United States is capturing the markets of the world, largely through the generous support of Canadian producers? When world-wide trade conditions settle, where will Cana- dian fish producers be? They will be unacquainted in foreign markets. Americans will have the patronage of foreign buyers and Canadian must then sell through the United States. Now, really, is the opportunity to shake this system of employing the United States to act as broker for Canadian trade. The premium on American exchange gives Canadians a strong advantage in foreign mar- kets and our fish exporters are in a position to under- — bid their American competitors, if they want to, just — to the extent of the premium on U.S. funds. Authori- ties on trade insist, and it does require deep reasoning to reach the same conclusion, that Canadian houses should not hesitate to~ undersell Americans in foreign markets atid forego an additional profit which they | could take by selling to the United States and letting her feed the ultimate market. ay Canadian fish exporters hold the whip hand. Now if they will only use their advantageous position to — accomplish something. They must get down to hard pan. Sens adian exporters may dispense with all this trouble by — this weight from their shoulder. the end? Financial experts who have given study to the situ- ation advise Canadian business firms generally to fur- nish C.I.F, quotations where requested. Fish pro- ducers have been loath to do this because they figure the scheme precarious beeause. of the fluctuation — freight and insurance rates, and the diffieulty of get- — ting advance information on the same. The trade— earnestly urged to take the trouble to sell direet to the — consuming country, if possible; to quote C.F. to nearest seaport where requested; and, which is ve important, to send samples without charge to the pr spective buyer. If it is not, found desirable to C.LF. on the basis of the currency of the country, goods may be quoted on the basis of Canadian dolla American dollars or pounds sterling. Foreigners, it appears, are as a general rule more conversant with — exchange conditions than are most Canadian firms. — Warning is given, however, that advantage : not be taken of the premium on U.S. dollars to boost: quotations to that extent. ios Canada, because of her splendid war record, is held in the highest respeet and esteem in all quarters of | world, and hence enjoys a unique position in the mat- ter of foreign trade. Reports from the continent Enrope, from the Antipodes and from the Far East indicate a most friendly feeling toward Canada. With- out doubt there is not another country in the world whieh enjoys the same sentimental preference. On top of all this, however, investigators note with chagrin and alarm, that the countries they visit are actually But will it> pay | July, 1920, CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Canadian Fisheries Association Organized 1915 A Non-Partisan, Non-Political Organization for the Development of the Fishing Industry of Canada along Modern and Progressive Lines. Membership open to all persons engaged directly or indirectly in the Fishing Industry of Canada. For all particulars address The Secretary, CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION GARDENVALE, Que. 164 - 7 CANADIAN FISHERMAN MARKET YOUR FISH DIRECT (Continued from Page 162) alive with American agents, while very seldom a Can- adian agent is encountered. The advantage of senti- ment in our favour may not continue long and a year or two hence may be too laté for activity. Procras- tination may be costly. It might be opportune here to dwell on the words of a financial expert who recently advised different branches of trade to co-operate among themselves for the purpose of maintaining a representative or send- ing an investigator to study. conditions in foreign markets, the peculiar requirements of the people and their methods of doing business. Apropos of the matter under discussion, the Cana- dian Trade Commissioner in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, stated recently that he had a number of inquiries for Canadian fish, particularly dry salted fish, and inti- mated that the system Canadians have doing business through American brokers, makes it difficult to take advantage of these requests. At least two firms in the Maritime Provinces have broken away from this sloth- ful system and have been given assistance by the Pub- licity and Marketing Division, Fisheries Branch, De- partment of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, in secur- ing reliable agents so as to work up a direct trade. Similar assistance will be given to all who request it. In fact any information regarding foreign markets will be secured if it is within the range of possibility to do so. Trade Commissioner B. 8S. Webb recently attracted attention to the same matter with reference to the Ar- July, 1920. there. As a matter of fact Canadian lobster is in hig demand. But it is not known as Canadian lobster, be- ing packed under a London or some other trade mark. If the same article were sent with a Canadian label, — Argentinians would be skeptical about using it. One — more tell-tale of our fallacious system of sales. Now is the time to buck up. A year later may not do. Who will admit that Canadians are not possessed — of as much business ability and energy as Americans? — Then why let our good neighbour step in and act as our broker and do our foreign business for us; and not only rob us of our commercial pride, but relieve us of a neat profit? The Canadian fisheries last year, from the stand- a point of revenue, reached the peak of success: The catch exceeded $60, 000,000 in value, while the export trade was worth $40, 687, 172. The foreign trade show- ed an increase of more than one hundred per cent — over that of 1914, when it was valued at $20,130,605. This increase should have been the source of tremen- dous satisfaction were it not for the fact that such a — large portion of it went to the United States for re er export. Bh . Fish imported into Ganads in 1920 was valued at $3,491,579, while in 1914 it was $2,172,900, and in — 1919 $2,497,054. The importation from the United Kingdom decreased nearly fifty per cent last year as compared with 1014; while the importation from the United States increased nearly a hundred per cent — during the same span of years. But we do not re- export our purchases from the United States. No. We eat their fish. Canada is the direct market in this genuine Republic. Canadian fish are being sold ease. Fishermen’s Supplies a oe 9h on on 2 MEL ILL ELIS FILS ULLY abreast of your requirements, we are prepared to meet your orders promptly from our large, well-assorted stock which includes: Tarred Cotton Lines, Tarred Cotton Ganging, Arthur James Fish Hooks, Oil Clothing, Cotton Herring Nets, Linen Gaspereaux Nets, Smelt and Sardine Netting, Cedar and Cork Wood Floats, Leads; Hemp Salmon, Trout, and Mackerel Twines; Cotton Seine Twines, and all Fishery Accessories. OUR MOTTO: QUALITY AND SERVICE Come in and see us or ere? us a line. ST. JOHN, N. B. FISHERMEN’S SUPPLIES Pe RARE W.H. THORNE & CO., LIMITED GENERAL HARDWARE t=3 to CANADIAN FISHERMAN -) ot | Longwear Bran Paint For barns, bridges, fences, farm machinery, etc. The best protective coating for rough wood or metal surfaces. Sterling Shingle Stain Waterproofs your shingle roofs, and gives them a non-fading decoration. In attractive shades. - The Best for Paint Your Boat To withstand the effects of water and sun and give proper protection to your boat, you must have paint made of the best materials. is specially made to do this work. materials and scientific mixing give it water and weather resisting qualities that make it supreme for all marine painting. non-fading colors to smarten the appearance of your boat. {Made in Canada by Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Sold at the following Sea and Lake Ports: Economy Ready Mixed Paint Pure Attractive, By Prof. Arthur Willey. The occurrence of manstrosities is not common amongst fishes in the wild state, so that any kind of abnormality, produced naturally, has at least the in- terest of its rarity. In addition, all deviations from normal structure are subjects for theoretical interpret- ation and still better for experiment, given the oppor- tunity. In younk fish reared-in hatcheries a great deal of Siamese twinning of various degrees may be seen at different times and places, but such immature deformities are weaklings and rarely attain adoles- cence. Double-tailed goldfishes, domesticated in China and Japan and, since the end of the seventeenth cen- tury acclimatised in all civilized countries, take high rank amongst our cold-blooded pets. It has been said that the gold fish is to other ornamental fishes what the canary is to any other cage birds. In the variety with eyes bulging out of the head, known as the Teles- cope Goldfish, the back fin may either be present or absent. With the exception of eels, all the most important market fishes have two sets of paired fins in addition to the median back and tail fins, namely, a pair of pectorals or breast fins and a pair of ventral fins, as in pike an herring, cod and perch: The position of the ventral fins is not constant in the different fam- ilies, but theit presence is constant where they be- long. Very rarely a fish is taken which lacks its full complement of fins and when this happens it is us- is ually the ventral fins that are missing. A staggering - impression is conveyed to the observer when one hand- HALIFAX ST. JOHN QUEBEC MONTREAL TORONTO OWEN SOUND KINGSTON SAULT STE. MARIE 4 A RARE FISH. les for the first time a familiar fish devoid of the ventral fins which are proper to it. In the streams flowing from the south into the ex- pansion of the St. Lawrence river between Montreal and Quebee known as Lake St. Peter, in the waters of Lake Champlain and elsewhere in the eastern States, there lives a low caste fish called the bowfin, mud- fish, or poisson castor. Its zoological name is Amia calva. It is the sole surviving species of an ancient family whose pther members became -extinct in Ter- tiary times. Although not esteemed as a food-fish, the flesh being reputed coarse, yet it is perfectly. whole- some’ and is sometimes put upon the market. Its nesting habits and breathing powers are remarkable, but fish-culturists reckon it a pest for its voracious appetite. Last November it happened that one day a male bowfin, caught in-the Richelieu river, was brought to the market at Montreal and eventually came into my hands. It was a fine, well-grown fish, twenty inches in length, perfectly sound but with no fins on the belly. These are normally situated in the abdominal region a little farther back than in the carp. Amia some- what resembles a carp outwardly, and was at one time believed to be related to the earp family, or else to the herring family, until certain qualities of head and heart showed that its affinities with the modern bony fishes were remote. As a member of the Canadian fish-fauna it is a notable figure, but as a contributor to Canada’s food-resources it has not made good. The aberrant specimen was exhibited at the Natural History Society of Montreal on February 23 last. CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920. Western Packers, Limited Canned Salmon, Frozen Salmon, Frozen Halibut. We Specialize in mixed carload shipments of only choice Northern British Columbia, Frozen Fish of All Grades. WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRIES. BUTEDALE CANNERY, MARGARET BAY CANNERY, Butedale, B.C. Smith’s Inlet, B.C. - SHUSHARTIE CANNERY, Shushartie Bay, B.C. Cold Storage at Butedale with capacity of approximately 2,500,000 Lbs. 1414 Standard Bank Bld¢., - - - Vancouver, B.C. Cable Address: “McZatzman,” St. John, N.B., Canada. Code used A, B, C, Fifth Edition: MCCORMACK & ZATZMAN Wholesale Dealers and Curers of Fresh, Frozen and Salt Fish. SPECIALIZE VARNISHED SALMON, HERRING Largest Packers and Curers of AND P| LC HARD Salt Alewives in Canada. LABELS THE CTT SMYTHE STREET, 7. JOHN WB eT CANADA VANCOUVER, B.C.CANADA. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Atlantic Marine Motors Single Cylinder make For Service, Reliability and and break and jump S . . Spark Engine. Power, the Atlantic Engine has no equal. —Built for the rough waters of the Atlantic. —Will burn kerosene or gaso- lene, therefore are economic- al. Write or Wire for Catalogue & Price Lists. Made in 3-4-5 & 7 LP. LUNENBURG FOUNDRY COMPANY, LIMITED ROUND TOP OR INTEGRAL T FRANK E. DAVIS FISHERIES, Yarmouth, N. S. PRODUCERS, CANNERS, CURERS, and EXPORTERS of ALL KINDS OF FISH Offices: Branches: a FREEPORT, NS. CLARKS’ HARBOUR, N.S. BOSTON, Mass.,. U.S.A. TURPENTINE ISLAND, N:S. ; 2 Pore eke PORT MAITLAND, N:S. GLOUCESTER, Mass., I S.A. GRAND MANAN, NSS. Cable Address: Privis. OUR MOTTO: “RIGHT FROM THE FISHING BOATS TO YOU.’’ FRANK E. DAVIS, ARTHUR C. DAVIS, President L. G. or ieee Secretary-T treasurer. Managing Director CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920. W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, - MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘‘'VENESTA”’ and *‘ LEMBERG ”’ ‘““NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillet, Kippers, . Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish — July, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN i ) The Fisheries of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of Fish and Fish Products - and - Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Fae Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore sheries. @ The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for the economical exploitation by fishing vessels of of the larger type. @ Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. lf You Are Buying Fish— lf You Have Capital To lvnest— If You Are a Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRIT W. B. MacCOY, *sni'inmisain 197 Hollis St., Halifax a7), 80 CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920. “Brunswick Brand ee ee GRADE FOODS HIGH SEA SARDINES | Aa ) SARDINES IN OIL PACKED BY Connors Bros Lid Block, Harbour CONNORS BROTHERS, LIMITED ‘Rrivsals OMaas PACKERS AND CANNERS, Cable Address: 6 Ward street, | BLACK’S HARBOUR, | ‘ramen sane |] a5 1O8R ess ene 1—603. ee Coes — i 4 DS 2-Spindle Au tomatic Seamer or Closing Machine — — Special design for _ _the Salmon Packer —Speed75to 80cans TROYER-FOX CAN MAKING and CANNER’S MACHINERY are so well and favorably known by all Salmon Packers . that wherever a number of “ Live-Wire’’ packers get Attensa together to discuss ‘“‘ Ways and Means,” you will find per minute. Attacm= Gs ments for No. 1 Tall, them all agreed on one point, i.e., TROYER-FOX MA- CHINES, perfected by many years of close and intimate knowledge of the packers’ needs—do stand up and give satisfcatory service when the “‘ big run is on.” No. 1 Flat, No. $97 Flat. Be - +9 If you have never had the good fortune to have TROYER- FOX MACHINES installed in. your Cannery, then it has been to our mutual loss. Let us remedy this. We will gladly send you our Catalog telling you of our Automatic Fillers, Clinchers and Closing Machines. WRITE AND TELL US OF YOUR NEEDS SEATTLE - ASTORIA IRON WORKS Builders of TROYER-FOX Sanitary Can Making and Canners’ Machinery SEATTLE, - . . : WASH. | . Lid * ; e July, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN === Wit ilo ° The fish are suit maleate ls At ‘ pes wre Caught & Packed by = Sees be left in the tn WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED after it is opened. VANCOUVER, CANADA. “- KNOW YOUR PRODUCT The purchasing of canned herring should be done with the utmost care. When you are placing before the consumer a product that you know is going to please, you are sure of repeat orders, and they will invariably specify the brand. BUY WALLACE’S FRESH HERRING With the TARTAN on the Label You are then sure of getting the, best in canned herring. This company’s plants are adjacent to the waters in which shools of herring in teeming thousands abound. Caught and delivered at their canneries when in the prime of condition, and pro- cessed by the most sanitary and modern machinery, the finished product is un- equalled in quality and flavor. IT PAYS TO KNOW YOUR PRODUCT WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED, 1] VANCOUVER BLOCK, . ANCOUVER, B.C., acon BUY BEAVER BRAND «nt ae FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, HADDOCK and POLLOCK SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, BLOATERS, SALTED KIPPERS and COD, HAKE FILETS. POLLOCK and CUSK CARLOAD LOTS A SPECIALTY All our goods are prime stock, as every- thing we buy is prac- tically alive when re- moved from the fish- ing boats and taken into our plant. finest grade of Had- dock, the finished pro- duct should be of par- ticular interest to dis- criminating buyers. Fish taken right out of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thorough- ly modern smoke- house. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 Ibs. New York Offi-e: ARCH 11, BROOKLYN B RIDGE Telephone Beekman 1875 Boston Representative Plant at Liverpool, N.S. FRANK J. LEACH As we smoke only the . . . Plan : , Boston Fish Pier. North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. wetroo, © {Morn NOVA SCOTIA Managing Director 2 CANADIAN FISHERMAN July, 1920. BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have proved most satisfac- tory are. . ae HALIFAX and ACADIA Refuse Inferior Substitutes ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, LUNENBURG, N.S. Sold Everywhere The Silver Fox Canned Mackerel PACKED BY W. E. AGNEW Is one of the best Deep Sea Foods obtainable; is fast taking the place of other canned fish. Now ready, for delivery. F. J. BUOTE, Exporter, Tignish, Prince Edward Island = ’ Phone Intervale 720 S. Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York We buy WHITE FISH and CISCOE ROE STURGEON CAVIAR any quantity Best Market Prices. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write (further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE 00. SARATOGA SPRINGS. N.Y., U.S. i SOLE AGENT FOR LAMINATED WOOD SHIPS T. HALLIDAY NAVAL ARCHITECT (First Class Honors Medallist) 706 Credit Foncier Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Office Phone: Sey. 9443 MARINE OPTICIANS Compasses, Sextants, Octants, Sounding Machines, Logs, Telescopes, Chronometers, Nautical Books, Charts, Drawing Sets, Ship’s Clocks, Watches HALIFAX NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT CO., Ltd. Cc. G. SCHULZE, Manager 11 George Street, HALIFAX, Canada j Phone Seymour 4207 -McBRIDE WELLS & CO. Labellers and Reconditioners of all Canned Fish. 206 Dominion Building VANCOUVER, 207 Hastings Street West Canada - CAILLE 880 St. James Street 4,6 & 8 SINGLE CYLINDER — EQUIPPED WITH WATERPROOF IGNITERS Absolutely Dependable OUTBOARD MOTORS in 6 Models Catalogues on request PERFECTION Canadian Distributors PERFECTION No Battery or Coil Troubles MOTOR CO. MOTORS MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN 83 Salmon C C| Sardine — A A } Lobster N s Herring |_S_ Etc. Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY . Hamilton, Ont. Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. :. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD. VANCOUVER, B.C. a ‘aes Fishermen’s and Shipbuilders’ Supplies Fishermens’ Rope MAITRE CORD SEAMING TWINE OAKUM CAULKING COTTON PINE PITCH LIFE BUOYS LIFE JACKETS DAKE STEERING GEARS MOON GENERATOR PLANTS SPIKES , CHAIN PAINTS ENGINE PACKINGS CEDAR CORKS “AR TAR REDUCER NET CLEANSER OIL CLOTHING NAUTICAL INSTRUMENTS LIFE BOATS and EQUIPMENT William G. Wilson & Gompany Head Office: 21 Camden St. TORONTO Ontario 84 THE OLD RELIABLE MINARD'S . Fisherman's Best Friend LINIMENT. YARMOUTH. Nova ae; Is Part of the Ship’s Stores CANADIAN FISHERMAN Yarmouth Trading Company, Limited. DRY AND PICKLED Flot Fish for Export a Specialty YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA | Crossley Net Lifting Machines For Steam or Gasoline Power For Fresh or Salt Water Crossley Steam Steering Gear Entirely Automatic with 9 H.P. Engine ‘*The Machines That Have No Equal’’ Net Leads of All Sizes Write for Catalosue Crossley Lead and Machine Company ERIE, PA. WE ARE BUYING High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring . Herring in Tomato Sauce Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer Send Samples. VHAY FISHERIES CO. Detroit, - Mich. C.O. Julian & Co. “iiss” Producers and Wholesale Distributors SALT Dry for Salt Oriental Herring Export 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es: pecially CHUMS. Cable ‘‘GENERAL" in the following codes: Bentley, Western Union 5 letter, A. B. C. 5th edition. SMITH & RITCHIE | FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT CORRESPONDENCE INVITED AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE, Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE :—The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. 7 = ies | COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. ° U.S |, ee or ee re a: Lectin, ie | Pe ee on ee ee ee ee ee eS a ae ee | d | Pn aa cal r i CANADIAN FIS - The Ranney Fish Co. y Cleveland, - Ohio. (GF) Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or’ less HERMAN WHOLESALE PRODUCERS, IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN FISH OYSTERS©°CLAMS BUFFALO,N.Y, H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, - Nova Scotia. Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Ages ts EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED | A. E. HICKMAN CO. Limited ST: JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address ‘‘Lemétais Bordeaux’”’ LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, ‘‘Tripping Deer’ Brand’’, Canned Salmon, Canned Pilchards, Canned Herring. Dominion Building, 207 Hastings St., Vancouver, B.C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. 236 N. Clarke St. CHICAGO FRANK FALES & SONS, Ria 600 eee 3t ds JOHN, N.B, Stocks Carried— FISHING SUPPLIES MARINE HARDWARE You will be able to procure many articles from us not ordinarily available 61 Dock Recaes 86 CANADIAN FISHERMAN W. Irving Atwood, Prest. N. D. Freeman, Treas. W. Elmer Atwood, Vice-Prest. ; - ALL : WACHUSETE VARIETIES | BRAND , Z OF THE FINNAN HADD } = 2 == SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass Canadian - American - Oriental . Salmon — Herring — Pilchards ’ t Biled Fruits Pru Puip—-Milk— Canadian Canned } oney— —_ t t = Dried Bean s—Peas— Rice— Cured and j apiloca — ole pice -— 1 Ss —_ . x Tallow—Apples —Pota -O : pT ie crite Colee > See | Staves. i ’ . . O'’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Limited O'Lo, colt | x HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA NNEKiELY 6 Associate | Offices: 326 Colman Building, Seattle Wash. (U.S.A.) ANCOUVER.BC 9 Robert Dollar Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. —— ae —_ CABLE ADDRESS: ““BRITSALMON" Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver O.MUSTAD &SON Mustad Cod. Puntiticturers Hooks | of all kinds ey ac. , 1 or Especially made of Fish Hooks aa y fov CHRISTIANIA . this markef Fishermen NORWAY —_— Fishermen like the consider fhem the Besf Hooks on fhe markef today Made by: : Zz MUSTADHOOK OMusfad sSon wists | on account of their The Largesf Manufacfurers Perfect Shape,Temper and Finish of Tish Hooks: in ne Wore Establ. 1852. CANADIAN FISHERMAN at is ‘ep tie ch Ai hind mt Ma will Hine Mi th im MARINE ENGINE SUPPLIES | ine et | A MOTOR BOAT IN THE BAY OF FUNDY HE Bay of Fundy is a treacherous piece of water, subject to sudden gales and squalls. In such seas as prevail, a fisherman is forced ‘to rely, upon the stability of his equipment. * McAvity motor boat accessories provide absolute insurance against accident: their reliability is as permanent as the Rock of Gibralter. T. McAvity & Sons : ST. JOHN, N.B. Montreal, Winnipeg, Vancouver TORONTO: | | Harvard Turnbull & Co. 207 Excelsior Life Bldg. UO mm | ! Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships ESTABLISHED 1900 Walter Lambert, M.1.N.A. HERBERT JOURNEAUX PACKER OF NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER THE FAMOUS BAY CHALEUR BRAND FRESH SMELTS LOBSTERS FRESH HADDOCK . CANNED AND FRESH FRESH COD, MACKEREL, 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL LOBSTERS CASPE SALMON eee Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. S. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET FRESH and SMOKED FISH BOX SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY Our Fresh Fish packed in ice reach you in the best possible condition IF IT HAS FINS---ASK US Standing Orders Assure Regular Supplies .*. Enquiries Solicited LONDON SMOKED COD FILLETS are Good Sellers LONDON FISH CO., Ltd. «i. Vancouver, Canada 88 CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON LONG COATS and CKERS “Takes the Wet Out of Water” Fishermen appreciate these splendid long coats and slickers. . Built for service andfcomfort, they keep you dry and warm in the roughest weather. Corduroy collar—double sleeves and body part. Write for prices and particula7s. For Sale by All Dealers TOWERS CANADIAN LIMITED. 2 TORONTO, HALIFAX. WINNIPEG. VANCOUVEK, “Coast to Coast Service.” WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Log for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al and A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked hy the eading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers, THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. ld \ Protect Your Business —with the Reliable Ignition Unit. It is the logical unit for all marine purposes, in every kind of weather. The Reliable Ignition Unit will assure you.a quick trip to the fishing grounds, a quick trip back to market, and a safer trip both ways. The Reliable Ignition Unit is water- proof. The well-known Reliable dry cells of which it is made are set in piteh and cased in a strong caulked box. The Re- liable Ignition Unit is built to keep all moisture out. The Reliable Ignition Unit also gives you longer service. Each of the Reliable dry cells are fitted with the Big Brass Cap, which puts every bit of energy to useful and timely work. Put an extra Reliable Ignition Unit No. 8216 and a Reliable Battery or two -in your locker to protect you and your business in emergencies. Adda Reliable Flashlight, too. You'll find it a useful and handy light many times each trip. For sale by all geod dealers. “Lively and Lasting” THe DOMINION BATTERY C&ene 736 DUNDAS STREET EAST TORONTO CANADA T-1702 > CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. Tht WANNENWETSC aYOTEM Is Peer of Them AIll. Manufactured by CH. A; Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo N.Y. ee Se Eee ae ee SHIPMATE RANGES Smallest Size Largest Size Body 18} inches long No limit to length It isn’t every deepwater sailor who knows what a raffee-topsail, a ring tail, or a jimmy-green is, but there are mighty- few shell-backs who don’t know what you mean when you mention the word “SHIPMATE.” It’s the sailorman’s range. Always reliable---fair weather Or foul. Made by THE STAMFORD FOUNDRY COMPANY Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN, Agencies * Cones F. H. Hopkins & Co. Montreal, Canada Lipsett Cunningham & Co., Ltd., - Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Com; any, 798 Beatty Street Vancouver, B.C. Klim is pure powdered separated milk. It is light and compact making it convenient to transport and store. It is easily prepared by simply Placing the required amount on top of a bowl of water, beating for a moment and the result is pure liquid separated milk, as Sweet and fresh as if it had just left the dairy. It is always ready for use, will not sour or spoil in hot weather and keeps indefinitely, Order a supply to-day in the 10 pound tins, 6 to the case—1 pound of KLIM will make four quarts of liquid. You can get KLIM from your supply house or any wholesale grocer. Canadian Milk Products Limited TORONTO Montreal | Bi | “America’s Standard Four Cycle Engine.” ercchmsdh, © PREFERENCE BEGINS AND ENDS WITH STANDARDIZATION The insistent demand for standardized marine motor service is particularly gratifying to us Because it vindicates so clearly a policy that has-been pre- eminent in Kermath manufacture ever since we entered the business. Kermath is a pioneer in standardization. It is the one marine motor in which parts have been interchangeable from 1912 to 1920. It explains why for years Kerm: uth has been accepted by 60 per cent of the boat builders as “America’s Standard 4-Cycle Engine.” It is the development of this idea that has brought leadership to Kermath in the foreign as well as the American fields. Look up a Kermath dealer in your vicinity and you will see that what we state to you is a fact. Write Dept. N for the Kermath booklet—it will interest you immensely whether you own a boat now or consider buying one. KERMATH Mts Co. MICHIGAN. 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN. The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED from FISH WASTE Ernest Scott & Company’s NEW METHOD Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values of products PROCESS EINGINEERS LIMITED. McGill Bld’g Montreal - - Canada Hardwood Barrels and | Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMENTS The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. F. H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY ‘‘We are in the market for New Dulse”’ REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s Su Agencies Solicited The Corn Exchange Nat, Bank, Phila. ~——_- ee ~ CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 INSTANT COMMUNICATION FROM SHORE to SHORE and SHIP to SHIP! . , . , Any Time— Talk to your boats as you would to a man down the street—by telephone Control your fleet; give storm warnings; get quick and accurate estimates of d ! the catch; avoid wreckage and separation of boats in storms and fog. _ Install 4 ny eat er : a deForest Radiophone (Wireless Telephone) in your boats and have instant, word-of-mouth communication between shore and ships, and from ship to ship. Absolutely reliable and dependable apparatus, now in successful operation for many purposes. Can be installed in any vessel having electricity or gas engine; and mounted in weather-proof cabinets. No expensive operators necessary just talk on the telephone. Perfect voice quality, clear and distinct. Varying range for all requirements. Inexpensive to buy; easy to install. Will save its cost in one storm or fog. Get full information now by writing to DeForest Radiophone (Wireless Telephone) Transmitting and Receiving Station. Typical deForest Radiophone Station of simple, modern and efficient design. Special installations can be made to meet individual requirements. 4 DEFOREST RADIO TELEPPONE and TELEGRAPH COMPANY 1413 Sedgwick Avenue New York City Efficiency, Square Dealing and. Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. PECK SLIP NEW YORK CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOMAS, ONTARIO | The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. ae a ee ae §| Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining : private switches with Mo \ 9%) direct connections on N. anes Y. CC) PUR SG. Tak P. M., and London & ‘ Port Stanley Railways. ‘ 4] Smoking plants in connection. f Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut .2%2ien || WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION ; Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: san’ cou Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of ‘Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,”’ ‘‘Pacific Salmon Fisheries, ’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,’’ ‘‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” ‘‘The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,”’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited aaa every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fisherman, and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are no utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— % Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC,.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea , Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden Whiting Mullet Yellowtail Pikes Ete., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. ; e > as is - CANADIAN FISHERMAN 93 ee eee ee ee Cable Address:--*‘DAVECONNOR,”’ VANCOUVER. ALL CODES USED” D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. 1. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. i bins, cad Consanrecoinon:” ee ge ~ COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR VANCOUVER. D ( NN R ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION e DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre: 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. inemronnens e Penagene ee) RID CORREDOR DE SALMON . Se usan todos los Cédigos D e N N O EXPOR OMmSIDKEEER CIANTE Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informaci6n. PRECIOS C. I. F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada,-Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building - - - . VANCOUVER, B.C. CASTRO ASSIS & CO. SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department: — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC. Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. (States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL First Class References. RUA SAO BENTO 66a P. O. Box No. 1666 Telegram Address: ORTSAC. Codes used: A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. ‘ Bentleys Liebers 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 81, - Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND : PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. ’ New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN ~ SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 lb. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Pacifie Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada i Se Se ee Tne eee al a a A a ay tar aye wee wie ee vA Soil femal fe CANADIAN FISHERMAN OF Oe Ph eT ne) ee railinn or ee a a ee | 3 SWANSON PATENT EXHAUSTER (1920 Model) THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN EXHAUST BOXES. The outstanding feature of this EXHAUSTER is that it accomplishes the same results as the old type exhaust boxes, in much less time, and with a great saving in floor space. Simplified to eliminate trouble, and the ALL- METAL construction assures permanency. ; MURRAY-LATTA MACHINE WORKS > LO a Full Line of Machinery, CANNING MACHINERY, for the canning of SALMON Cutting: Washing and scaling Machines for HERRING & PILCHARD 619 Bidwell Sct., - . = VANCOUVER, B.C. This En-ar-co Game is Free Send us this coupon and receive FREE this attractive indoor game be sages oo ‘4 COMPANIES, P It is just our reminder that LIMITED 1491 Excelsior Life Building, Toronto, Ont: Canada En-ar-co Motor Oil is a perfect lubricant, made from selecteg Send me En-ar- co Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- Ping point and quote prices on the items I have marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year I use...gals. Motor Oil per year Socaa gals. Kerosene per year -...gals. Tractor Oil per year skin ack lbs. Motor Grease per year Pewee lbs. Axle Grease per year crude petroleum by scientific pro- cesses. Removes friction, in creases power. Have you tried it? _ White Rose Gosoline A superior power fuel for all gas-driven engines Gives extra speed, and ‘“‘brings you home first.”’ INGEIG vc seis ek SER a PAS Oe wales 0 6b 0s vies 3 . ° ° ROGPOES Fins pase Peer dass ac. ccbdadewnt National Frictionless Compound aoe = PORUOEEIGS «6 .s'c kab ane es OT pea ra 4 Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions, Phovine = eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy open pte pe Ui ME 6 0:0 o:etre Pye ee ee ei eo eae (Make of Auto., Tractor or Motor Boat) (Bé sure to give name of auto., tractor or boat, or game will not be sent.) Automobile; am at present using. .............ccceewevuce Motor Oil, I will be in the market for more oil again about susie Rew eal and you may quote me on...........5.+.+ gallons En-ar-co National Motor Oil. wet teee bearings. Canadian Oil Companies, Limited BRANCH OFFICES IN 35 CITIES General Offices: TORONTO, ONT. 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN (ESTABLISHED 1883). THOMAS ROBINSON TR WNER, FISH SALESMAN, GRIMSBY, England . sagt lye ek |e a = ee i ‘) Agent for the sale of ve | Newfoundland, Labra- dor and other SALTED COD and HADDOCKS. CONSULTING DIRECTOR to the CANADIAN FISH & COLD STORAGE CO., Limited, Prince Rupert, B.O. Bankers:— THE NATIONAL PROVINCIAL **“RELIANCE, GRIMSBY”’. BANK OF ENGLAND LTD., GRIMSBY Branch. Telegraphic and Cable address :— Agent for the sale and purchase of STEAM TRAWLERS, etc. The LARGEST BRI- TISH IMPORTER of Canadian Frozen Fish. CANADIAN EXPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OF Rioh SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES GAZETTE 12 MOnEMRG iss cs 26/- including postage 6 ew aes BS. os 13/- ws ss 3 et eo a pa ee 6/6 ~ oe Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office:—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years ween FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNZY J. WILLIAMS, Government Auctio FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE nt to H. M. Governm , 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS, General Offices: :—43-45 Monumen t Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3, CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers: Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. 98° - - GANADIAN PISHERMAN :-: Index to Advertisers ‘a Aeadia Gas Engine, Ltd.-.. +: American Can Company 83 B.C, Printing & Litho Co. Ltd... .. . 76 Booth Fisheries of Canada, dirs eee 10 Buote, F. J. : A 82 Canadian Fairbanks-Morse, Co., Ltd... .. .. 18 Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co., ‘Ltd. . 15 - Canadian Nishing Co.,) Dtdisavesoneres eis 94 Canadian Milk Produets, Ltd. ee. a Canadian Oil Companies Ltd. eee ed se.) Caranhan Tin Plate & Sheet Co, “Ltd. i. 84 Castro Assis & Co 93 Connor, D. . 93 Connors Bros., Ltd. : 80 Consumers Yordage Co., Ltd. 1 Crossley Lead & Machine Co. 84 Davis, Frank E., & Co... .. 77 De Forest Radio Tel. and. Tel. Co. 91 Dominion Battery Co. .... 88 Department of Marine and Fisheries - 7 Des Brisay, M., & Co., Sites 14 Donaldson, John <. OT. Farquhar & Co., Ltd... .. 85 Fish Trades Gazette, The .. 96 ~ Monee + Cber 6.8... spec a: Freeman & Cobb, Ine 8 Fromm & Co., F. I. .. Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F. .. .. .. . 99 Gosse-Millerd Packing Co., Ltd. . . Gulowsans, Sales Corp... .. .. .. 5 Gray & Prior .. .. Batiday Tc. 25 Cee oes Oe Manet Ac Eo-: 5) .. .. ost eee BO Hatton, D;, Company ......0. 42-28 ; 12 Harry Hall & Co., Ltd... ... Hickman Co,, A. E. -- a ata 85 Halifax Nautical Instrument ¥ . 4-3. Seattle Astoria Lron Works .. .. . Schmidt Litho Co... .. - Silver, H. R. Ltd.++.. . Smith & Ritchie .... ..- Spooner, W. R. . Riera Stamford Foundry Co., ‘Ltd. cee St. Thomas Packing Co., Eade Smith Cannery Machines (o. Seythes & Co., Ltd. .. ++... Tower's Canadian, Limited . Thorne, W. H. & Co., Ltd. .. Vhay Fisheries Co. . | es oy ae Wallace Fisheries Limited . Walter, Thos, Son, Ltd .. 2... + Wannenwetseh, C. H. A. & Cn. ee Ward, W. A. & Co. Mere. rae Western Packers .. ©. ++. us ** Wilaoh, Wel. @ OG. is Sakae. Wineh, R. V. & Oo. +). 6 es. CANADIAN FISHERMAN and with increasing time will come increasing wonder at their unusual ability to Wear! You'll realize, then, why fishermen everywhere prefer Goodrich Hi-Press Rubber Footwear to any other make. No other boots made like them, or are so comfortable or wear so long. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER CO. cAkron, Ohio Goodrich’ --. Hi~Press a Rubber Footwear . Rate your feet into a new pair of Hi-Press Boots CANADIAN FISHERMAN Economy is a real watchword now. Every item of cost must be given closest scrutiny. Take the large and important item of labor time, for instance. Unless you have a real modern recording system how do you know you are getting all you pay for? INTERNATIONAL TIME Not only ensure that you get an infallibly accurate record of the Time every employee spends at your plant but— every man is actually his-own timekeeper. He makes his own time records. He knows they changeable, impartial and RIGHT. That’s a big aid to plant morale. Time records of late arrivals or early leavers are printed in RED. All green printings are normal time. Ensures a quick, easy make-up of payroll. International Business Machines Co., Limited FRANK E. MUTTON, Vice-President and General Manager Head Office and Factory 300 to 350 Campbell Avenue, Toronto Offices at HALIFAX, 44 Granville Street WALKERVILLE, ONT., 44 Lincoln QUEBEC, 506 Merger Building Road MONTREAL, 1 and 3 Notre Dame WINNIPEG, 227 McDermott Ave. Street W. SASKATOON, 254, 3rd Avenue OTTAWA, 188 Queen Street CALGARY, 127, 6th Avenue TORONTO, 415% Yonge Street EDMONTON, 10118, 102nd Street HAMILTON, 2 Empire Building VANCOUVER, 110 Water Street (Also manufacturers of Dayton Scales and Hollerith Electric Tabulators) Here’s a thought on your new | Profit Tax tae ae SI ee Te y, ~ sa i a Ct a RECORDERS — are printed, un- A Modern International Dial Recorder Fis HE Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association THE CANADIAN ©» VOL. vil. GARDENVALE, P.Q., AUGUST, 1920 No. 8 on : | SH oe — ; = ’ : WHITTALL | Meats Syrup Standard Packer Cans with Solder-Hemmed Caps’ CANS Vegetables Paint PACKERS’ CANS Open Top Sanitary Cans and Milk A.R. Whittall Can Company, Ltd MONTREAL Established 1888 Sales Office: 202 RoyalBank Bidg., TORONTO G. A. WILLIS, Sales Mar. Phone Adel 3316 ——SRTUTNOUNUOUVUANEUAEUUAAAUAAAAA AGA 806 Lindsay Bldg. A. BE. HANNA, Representat ive HVOQO00O0UUUUNQQGQQNQ000000000000800000EUOUUUOOOQOOROEEEEOUUUUOUOGOGOOOOOOOOOUUOUOUOOOOQGOEOCEOOUOUEEYAOGAOOOOG EAGAN AEE iz CANADIAN FISHERMAN BOOTH FISHERIES CANADIAN COMPANY, LTD. Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TORO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES ) | Chamcook, N.B. | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. CANADIAN FISHERMAN |THE NAVIGATOR LOG “THE LOG LONG LOOKED FOR IN THE MARITIME FIELD’’ __ An automatic and absolutely reliable apparatus for reg-. istering the speed of vessels and the distance travelled. The speed of the vessel is at all times shown by the cen- tral apparatus in the engine room, while the distance recorded ; on the bridge shows to the fraction of a mile the distance s travelled. = The Navigator Log is a remarkable invention of utmost value to Trawlers and Coasting vessels as well as to steamers and motorships of every other kind. - | Adopted by U.S. Shipping Board. The Master of the _ SIS “Huron” (U.S. Shipping Board) writes as follows: SIS ‘‘Huron’’ Hoboken, N.J. July 3rd, 1920 I used your log on the ‘‘Huron’’ during the voyage to Buenos Aires, and other South American ports, and it gives me pleasure to state that the results ob- tained excelled that of any log I have ever used. It has so many advantages over the taffrail log, that for fast or slow ships, it should wholly displace it. Wishing you the success that your log so richly merits, I remain, Very respectfully, ALEX CORKUM, (Master) SOLE CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES: Swedish Steel & Importing Co. Limited | : Shaughnessy Building, - MONTREAL, Que. __———— (a = CANADIAN FISHERMAN MARITIME. FISH CORPORATION LIMITED THE “DOROTHY M. SMART,” HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S.. FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. 22) MONTREAL CANADA ®& License No, 1-14 License No. 1-148 SR en tee a CANADIAN FISHERMAN Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, J\\ CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of / TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS-—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over the old style, is only one of the distinctive features. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach (irfoey atin mone? ie CANADIAN FISHERMAN TN SS : a Wn i mT ul 1 | cA | AU nn | | | | : \ | acTranveruo, Lil Sen prarceo” rma | fol LE a ohde | nr CANADIAN FISHERMAN Eat lots of Fish during Summer Months. A Fish diet clears the brain and keeps the body physically fit. | D. Hatton Company ‘ MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH in the Dominion. Experts in the Handling of Bulk and Shell OYSTERS. TWO OF THE OLDEST LANDMARKS IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL To the Trade: We suggest for the Summer Season you place a standing order with us for your weekly supplies of FISH. We guarantee you quality and service. Here is a few of the lines we_recommend. FRESH: Haddock, Codfish, Halibut, Salmon, Dore, Lake Trout, Whitefish, Pike. . SMOKED: Eels, Fillets, Haddies, Bloaters, Kippers, Digby Chicks. SALTED: Boneless or Dried Codfish, Labrador Salmon, Mackerel, Sea Trout, Herrings, Codfish Tongues and Sounds, Imported Scotch and Holland Herrings, etc. LL — - Oe a = 3 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Exceptional Angling ——Opportunities—= are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- elusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On all unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec ger82 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Especially Constructed for io ISHERMEN The All White White Se Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario FISHERMAN CANADIAN CANADIAN FISHERMAN 11 v1 Seem a a Five months through the Wilderness —and look at that sole! —one pair did NOT wear out! It was a scientific expedition composed of three white men and five Indians. They tramped clear across Labrador, five months of that heart-breaking going through rough country that simply means death to footwear. One man wore Goodrich “ Hi-Press’”’ and the rest wore—other makes. And before the traverse was completed every solitary boot and shoe had worn out except Goodrich! Look—the corrugations on the sole are not all worn off, There is no doubt of the superior wearing quality of Goodrich Rubber Boots and Shoes. It has been proven time and again. Fishermen, laborers, hunters, miners all agree that the footwear with the Red Line ’Round the Top stands supreme for comfort and all around service. 60,000 dealers think so too. Ask yours. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER COMPANY Akron, Ohio Goodrich Hi-Press Rubber Footwear 12 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Mr. Fish Producer-- Never before have Canadian fish producers been given’such an opportunity to develop for- eign trade as they have at the present time. Canada stands ace-high among the nations of the world and enjoys a sentimental preference which no other nation can parallel. The products of her fisheries are in demand and, because of the premium on exchange, pro- ducers in Canada have a considerable advantage in quoting prices to foreigners. They now have a chance to develop a direct business and to extricate themselves from the pre- vailing system of utilizing another country to act as broker for Canadian foreign trade. Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, Ont. Bren tel he ble 2 Mii Giee ano Labrador Fisheries | i Car Load Lots CANADIAN FISHERMAN 13 QUEBEC OFFICES Operating Plant and Cold Storage 147 MOUNTAIN HILL SEVEN ISLANDS, QUE. Operating Fisheries North Shore Gulf of Si. Lawrence Producers and Distributors of | Famous Moisie River Salmon ORDERS SOLICITED Car Loads and Less than a ——— ———— 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Codes: Cable Address : Armsby ; ** Brokers.”’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners os M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. | at Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE?” - “SOCKEY E™ “SUNDIAL” “COHOES “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS” CANADIAN FISHERMAN a “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants _ PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Fifty Years Supplying The Canadian Fishermen With the experience and knowledge gained from these long years of service we are able to take care of your require- ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of :— Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, Lamps of all types, : Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. : i a 4 . 4 4 4 The House of Quality and Service CANADIAN FISHERMAN 17 2 Sere pasate eSLS A LS ) a i : \ i} ? evs a is : wer ev iarere aaa = 1 ww 4 | ie re a Z. SSS sae A, ry , , 2) ees OS a i an (RY | =) aX) , covers Se rareeree ET " £ Ry pa pe ee — 4 7 I Scanneo © [psoas FP cave HMOs} 4 ) i Rei Geom ok Pi LCHARDS . t Stave taba bias ‘We reage THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry, ~~ a y xe SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. 2. 1. ss ee ee oe ee) «©1000 Tutte Mintes and Wisswhere .... |< 6k 0 cos. 60)6e he pee es aw ew oo 0 eee Sea, CLO payable in advance Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should be in the publisher’s hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest, If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Official Organ of the-Canadian Fisheries Association. ha = = ~~ \ - . ee RSS CAAA S= EBA QZ j = = TORONTO OFFICE: A. S. Christie, Eastern Mgr. . — H. W. Thompson, Western 205 Drummond B Manager [| Telephone, Uptown VANCOUVER OFFICE: co. P. BR. Bldg., cor. King F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative = and Yonge Sts. 528 Winch Bldg. elephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS - - Gardenvale Que. & 18 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Ta IN , i Mastering the Waters & of the World 7 Mastering of the waters of the world has been and is an important factor in the advancement of civilization. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co. Limited,claims its share in this advancement. No matter where you live, or what your business, you are constantly dependent on pumps for the water you drink, for the protection of your home from fire, or the production of the things you use, wear, and eat. And quite likely it is a Faizbanks-Morse pump, for Fcirbanks-Morse pumps have long been recognized as standards—dependable pumps, constantly giving maxi- mum service under the most exacting conditions. The Canadien Fairbanks-Morse engineers know the pumping problems of Canada and, with all the re- sources end reputation of this national institution behind them, have developed pumps that meet every requirement and meet it with a product that is worthy of being branded “Fairbanks-Morse 100% quality.” Make this merk your guarantee of satisfaction and f ERT TEES i our catalogue your buying guide. Limited Halifax, acs r > Montreal, Hamilton, Saskatoon, Regina, The Canadian FairbanKs-MorseCo., Canada’s Departmental House a a for Mechanical Goods St. John, Quebec, _ . 2.2. 8 Ottawa, Toronto, St. Catharines, Windsor, Winnipeg, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria. 15 lt ¥ ~ te He (| % MACHINE SHOP SUPPLIER Automotive equewent (Ou a > CANADIAN ISHERMAN 165 EwltORIAL AUGUST 1920 "ASSOCIATION WILL PROTEST INCREASED EXPRESS RATES. ‘The hearing of the Board of Railway Commissioners Si decide if the allied Express Companies are entitled to. a general increase of forty per cent will open in To- ronto on September 2nd. Sessions will be held from ‘coast to coast. The Transportation Committee of the Canadian ‘Fisheries Association will strongly protest the in- ‘erease of rates on the express carriage of fish, and ‘D’Arey Seott, K.C., of Ottawa, and a former railway - commissioner, has been. retained by the C.F.A. to handle their case. The Department of Marine and Fisheries will also co-operate with the Association in opposing a general increase. 3 - appear to realize the far-reaching effects of the pro- posed increases in freight and express rates if grant- ed. To deceive oneself with the idea that it will amount to a mere bagatelle of a fraction of a cent per pound on the fish is erroneous. An increase in transportation rates will go much further back, and be considerably magnified after passing along from hand to hand. A general inerease, in the opinion of _ the Association’s traffic experts, will mean a rise in the cost of the fisherman’s equipment and _ living. _ Fuel-oil, lines, nets, gear, flour, boxes—in fact, every- thing into which rail haul plays a part—must neces- sarily go up, and when percentages of profit are add- _ ed to cost plus carriage, the selling price is consider- ably magnified. Pass it along to the consumer!’’ some will say. “That may work in some lines, but it is not a good ‘policy in the present condition of the Canadian fish rade, where there seems to be plenty of fish and very ttle market, and what market-there is at very low rices. Fish is different from most’ eatable commodi- . It has a maximum price and just as soon as it FREDERICK WELLIAM WALLACE ditor A good many members in the fish business do not exceeds that price, the consumer refuses to purchase. Fish, in Canada, is not yet in the indispensible class, like meats and eggs. ‘lhe Association’s ideal is to make fish the economical substitute for meats and to build up a trade by marketing the product at popular prices. Only by volume of business can the fishing industry expect to make fair profits. Transportation has been the prime detriment to building up the greater consumption of fish in Can- ada. Kates are high, facilities are poor, and a great measure of the present home trade has been built up through Government transportation subsidies. In- creasing the rates will not assist in developing the fishing industry, and the present rates are high enough. ; The granting of these increases should be considered according to their effects upon basie and essential in- dustries. A vast number of commodities can stand an increase in rates, but there are others which should not be made to suffer under a general increase in transportation. The fishing industry is one of them. Low prices are driving our fishermen away from the industry. A steady rise in the cost of his gear and living and the feeble market for his product is not encouraging him to remain fishing when high wages are being paid shore labor. Among the wholesalers and distributors, the condition of ‘‘getting by and nothing more’’ exists, and one will find no million- aires in the Canadian fish business. This is no time to increase fish transportation rates. Fish is required as a cheap flesh food to offset the soaring prices of other eatables; the fisheries need development as a source of revenue to the country and as an occupation for encouraging a seafaring people. Increasing the price of transporting the fish to mar- ket is placing another burden upon an industry which needs fostering and encouragement more than any- thing else. 166 AN INTERESTING BLUE-BOOK. - It has been said by some wit that reading Govern- ment reports gives one a thirst—they are so. dry. There is a good deal of truth in this assertion and it would appear that the compilers of Civil Service re- ports record Departmental and Administration acti- vities in language severe, formal and reserved. Our Canadian fishery reports could be made wonderfully interesting if an experienced journalist were allowed to do the compiling. The lead, however, has been taken by the supposedly severe and staid Department of Agriculture and Fisheries of Great Britain. Under the title of ‘‘Fish- eries in the Great War’’—being the Report on Sea Fisheries for the years 1915, 1916, 1917 and 1918—it has issued a Blue-Book which requires only a stiff cover with a striking design on it to place it in the ranks of privately published records of Beats: deeds and heroie endeavour. Henry G. Maurice, Secretary of the Board, is pre- sumably the author, and in his preface he remarks: ‘The recognition of the fishing industry as one of the vital industries of the nation is so important that no apology is offered or should be needed for any de- parture in the present volume from the old traditions of official reserve, for the endeavour which has bee made to import, here and there, into the narrative something of the independent spirit of the fisherman, something of his ironic humour and something of our own enthusiasm, nor for veiling the official title of the volume with one less suggestive of the Blue Book, in the hope that the British citizen may be induced to acquire it instead of passing it by as dull and unread- able.’’ The Report describes in clear literary style the var- ious handicaps placed upon the British fishing indus- try through the commandeering of ships and men by the Admiralty; the part fish played in feeding Eng- land during the blockade, and most interesting of all, the heroie fights between British fishermen and Ger- man submarines: Altogether, this British report is the best Fisheries Blue Book we have yet read. In Canada, we have fisheries which are diverse and of immense potentialities and the history of the year’s work in the industry contains sufficient romantic in- cidents and interesting departures to provide matey rial for a Blue Book which, if properly written and attractively printed, could command a circulation far beyond the few who are at present interested in the annual reports. This wider circulation is what our fishery reports and the industry requires. Govern- ment reports should be instruetive and illuminating to the man-in-the-street as well as to the directly in- terested individual. Readable Blue Books can be used as beneficial propaganda of the best kind and the Fishing Industry needs such. CANADIAN FISHERMAN _the fishing industry to the country in peace and war. August, 1920 i ADMIRAL LORD JELLICOE’S REPORT AND THE FISHING INDUSTRY OF CANADA. The Report on the Naval Mission to Canada by Ad-* — miral Viscount Jellicoe of Scapa recently issued con-— + tains much that is interesting to the fishing industry of Canada. The Report deals with suggestions for the Naval Defence of the Dominion and the reader is struck by the Admiral’s appreciation of the value of Referring to the important department of mine- sweeping, Viscount Jellicoe reports :— “It is very desirable that Canada should become in- dependent of outside assistance in the work of mine- sweeping. The simplest, and by far the cheapest, method of obtaining in war the services of efficient mine-sweeping vessels is by the encouragement of a — a trawler fishery service on both the Atlantic and Pa- cific Coasts during peace. Steam trawlers are al- ready operating on both coasts and have proved to be commercially successful. This matter is of such im- — portance on economic grounds that I beg to draw special attention to it.’’ We have italicized the last sentence that it may be | specially remembered by those who have the deve- q lopment of the Canadian fisheries at heart. The de- velopment of a steam trawling fleet in Canada rests | i entirely in the utilization of these eraft for salt fish- ing purposes. A fleet of five or six trawlers at the present time can more than fill all the home markets q demand for fresh fish, and if a trawler fleet is to be created in the only avenue now existing, viz: salt — fishing, then some Government encouragement will be necessary to induce Canadian firms to operate such expensive craft instead of the sailing schooners and line fishing presently employed. This may be done in several ways. (1)) By the Do minion Government paying part of the cost of com struction inasmuch as trawlers fit for naval service — will require base-rings and strengthenings for gun — mountings; wireless apparatus; holds convertible for the accomodation of naval ratings; certain vie sions and engine power suitable for naval work, ete. (2) An annual retaining fee. (3) A bounty on the fish landed in such trawlers. Other inducements could be suggested and eo might well be looked into primarily by the Commit. — tee which Viscount Jellicoe suggests in his report and — ‘a which reads as follows :— Fi “Tt is proposed that a shipping committee com- prising representatives of ship-owners, fishery firms, the Marine Department and the Naval Staff, should — meet periodically to consider questions of general de- — velopment of marine resources: Their functions would — a be purely advisory in peace, but in war they would take contrdl of aiepping--shee chairman acting as— Shipping Controller. ’ A further suggestion by the Admiral reads :— 3 ‘‘A member or branch of the Naval Staff should be _ concerned with trade and fishery questions and the ; v » and constructional work bivonvea:’ lr imiral further recommends that “designs of ~ THE TOLL OF THE SEA. e annual memorial service for fishermen lost at of the dead for the year 1919 is twenty- 1,,and of this number seventeen were natives lost their lives or died while prosecuting es out of Gloucester. er’s roll of the dead invariably strikes home _ Seotia and Newfoundland more than it does itself. The men who man the ‘Glouces- is something indeseribably sad in losing a itaiong the perils of the sea. The sudden- their going out into the Great Beyond makes nm of their loss difficult and the empty bunk, ant place at table, the flag at half-mast, and y without a crew all have a tragic significance in the dory’’ takes a yearly toll, and is y the most appalling of all fishermen losses. over’’ and pull off to their fishing berth with chee chaff and banter. Fog or sudden squalls ymé down and they fail to return. Hour after ‘hour, vessel combs the sea looking for the lost dory at last the skipper reluctantly admits what he “Tt’s no use. They’re gone.’’ Gone! Aye, it quietly, but no one dare imagine how they FISHERMAN 167 boom foot-ropes, or off the exposed quarter by a boarding comber, has but little chance, and generally goes down ere his shipmates can swing a dory over to save him. In this case, the tragedy is visible and possibly less poignant than the quiet slipping away and never returning. Imagination conjures terrors in an unknown and unseen end, The driving stem of the steamer crossing the Banks still remains a menace to the fishermen, and in 1919 six Canadians went to their. last harbor through their vessel being run down and sunk. In this ease, death came hurling out of the mist and ere the schooner’s crew had time to even realize what had ‘happened, they were struggling for life in the chill waters off Sable Island while their vessel was being ground to splinters under the bows of a large liner. Two brothers, one the skipper, and fine fellows both, went ““West’’ together that time, and the writer, penning this tribute voices his regrets in a personal way, hav- ing lived and worked in company with them during strenuous days at sea some years ago. The grim reaper takes his toll in many ways, but invariably he plucks his victims suddenly and without warning. Maybe it is better thus, and theirs is a splendid glory in passing out with boots and oilskins on in the flush of life, and finding a last resting place in the clear green depths upon which they lived and toiled. No head-stones mark their graves, but the flowers cast upon the sea by the mourners in Glou- cester are laid upon the mighty burial ground of the ocean and perchance a friendly drift may earry the blossoms to where they lie. Who knows? It is a_ pleasing fancy. The list of the dead is as follows:— Patrick F. Murphy, 35 years old, single, native of Windsor Lake, N.F., one of the crew of sch. Christine Cox, drowned in dock January 28. Stephen McLean, 74 years old, widower, native of Guysboro, N.S., died at the Chelsea Marine hospital, February 15. Lawrence Chevette, 54 years old, native of France, ‘single, died at sea on board sch. Morning Star, March 17. Jose Pedro dos Santos, 34 years old, native of Wes- tern Islands, single, one of the crew of sch. Flora L. Oliver, washed from the mainboom off Seal Island, N.S., April 17. Frank Depaquar, 30 years old, native of France, one of the crew of sch. Catherine C., fell overboard in Gloucester harbor May 19, Jett widow and two children. Lee Parish, 53 years old, battve of Maine, single, one of the crew of sch. Helen B. Thomas, died on. board the vessel off Provincetown, June 28. Capt. Perey Ross, 30 years old, native of Digby. N.S., left widow; Ainsley Ross, 27 years old, native of Digby, NS. ; James Gardner’ 50 years old, native of Argyle Sound, NS., widower ; Thomas Meuse, 42 years old, native of Belleville, N.S.. left widow and eight children; Fred Fitzgerald, 25 years old, native of Comeau’s Hill, N.S., single, and Joseph Harris, 28 years old, native of Comeau’s Hill, ’ N.S., left widow and three children, part of the crew 168 CANADIAN, of sch. Francis A., drowned by the vessel being run down by the steamer Lord Downshire ott Sable Is- land, August 23. Walter Brown, 28 years old, native of Nova Scotia, single, and Edmund Muise, 32 years old, native of Belleville, N.S., single, two ‘of the crew of sch. Ethel B. Penney, went astray in their dory in a squall in South Channel, October 23. Thomas Seott, 35 years old, native of Nova Scotia, single, one of the crew of sch. Athena, went astray in his dory in a squall in South Channel, October 23. Fred Richards, 32 years’ old, native of Nova Scotia, single, Elsid Muise, 27 years, old, native of Nova Scotia, single, Moses Surette, 26 years old, native of Yarmouth, N.S., single, and Henry Merchant, 35. years old, native of New Bedford, left family, killed by an explosion of the boat Gleaner in New York Harbor, November 7. Simon Goodwin, 50 years old, native of Goldsboro, N.S., left widow and six children, one of the crew of sch. Bay State, dropped dead of heart failure on Wes- tern Bank, December 16. Howard Penney, 52 years old, native of Nova Sco- tia, left widow and three children, and John H. Ernst, 55 years old, native of Nova Scotia, left widow and four children, two of the crew of sch. Benjamin A. Smith, went astray in their dory in a fog off Lis- comb, N.S., December 17. John A. Simms, 21 years old, native of Newfound- land, single, one of the crew of sch. Elk, accidentally killed on board the vessel in Boston harbor December 26. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES. Sea Fishing Results for Six Months, January to June. The official returns show the total quantity of sea fish landed on both coasts during the January-June period of the current year to have been 2,837,324 ewts., against 2,546,773 ewts. for the same period last year. The total value of the catch at the point of landing this year was $10,564,146, against 9,393,495. This gives an increase of 290,551 ewts. in quantity and $1,170,651 in value. The weather was not so favour- able this year as last. It may be of interest to note the of the total catch for the first six months of 1920, 1,974,362 ewts. valued at $7,294,459 were taken from the Atlantic and 862,962 ewts. valued at $3,269,687 from the Pacific. Of the total catch for the same period in the preceding year 2,048,148 ewts. valued at $9,393,495 were taken from the Atlantic, and 498,- 625 ewts. valued at $2,437,780 from the Pacific. A comparison of the landings of some of the chief kinds shows cod to have dropped by 64,000 ewts. It should be noted, however, that Nova Scotia alone gave an increase of 30 000 ewts. The other provinces were responsible for the decrease. The haddock eatch was less by 20,000 cwts. and the mackerel catch likewise by 48,000 ewts. On the other hand there was an inerease of 10,000 ewts. in the catch of hake and pollock, and of 50, 000 cwts. in that of lobsters; the lobster catch being 331,662 ewts. against 281,254 ewts. Herring gave an increase of 293,545 ewts. This was due mainly to the landing of mueh greater catches in British Columbia during January and February. Notwithstanding that operations on the Pacific were interrupted to some ex- FISHERMAN August, 1920 tent by reason of a shortage of refrigerator cars at Prince Rupert, during Mareh and April, the halibut catch for the six months period this year was 2,500 ewts. greater than that for the same period last year. There was an increase of 27,000 cwts. in the catch of all kinds of salmon. The whole of the increase came from British Columbia waters. The Atlantic salmon catch fell below that for the preceding year, and very much below that for 1918. The catches for the three years are: 6,000 cwts. this year; 8,400 ewts. last year; and 14,600 ewts. in 1918. NEW BRUNSWICK FISHERIES, Fishing on the North Shore of New Brunswick this summer has been fair. Many dealers have received larger supplies than they have needed for current trade and have also larger salt stocks than is usual at this time of the year. Even at present unsatisfactory prices a greater production of fish could have been maintained if there had been any certainty about fut- ure market conditions. At St. John the commercial salmon fishing this sea- son was light. Fish landed were of fine quality. The bulk of the catch was disposed of in local markets at high prices. * The sardine fishermen of St. John and Charlotte Countries have been up against bad luck this season so far. About a dozen of the big Maine canneries closed down early in July for lack of tin and Connor’s Brothers of Black Harbor have had to restrict opera- tions for the same reason. resumed work. At the opening of the season their owners were demanding $20 per hogshead for sardines. Canners were not disposed to give this price, and nearly all were late in starting operations, When the shut down for lack of tin oceurred the price was $10. So the season so far has been unsatisfactory. Sardine schools have been abundant on the New Brunswick Shores, but the factory at Chamcook and the Booth fae- tory at St. John have remained closed. Quantities of © a larger herring taken in the sardine weirs have been salted, but the demand is light and prices low. One New Brunswick firm is buying large quantities of Nova Seotia herring, but more with the idea of keeping their plants employed than making money. In mid-August some sup- _ plies of tin were obtained, and most of the canneries” This firm believes that if trade is resumed with Rus- ag sia, that country will take large quantities of pickled fish from countries in the North Sea, and that Canada, — q will be* largely freed from North Sea competition in the United States and southern markets. business will be very brilliant in the near future. In spite of the high prices of other goods they do not find it easy to sell fish, with two travellers on the road continually in Canada and one in the States, while they have extensive connections in the U. 8, they find — that Canada offers them the best market by far. DROWNED IN HIS DRIFT-NET. St. John, County, last evening ‘while putting out a drift net. The body was recovered this morning in fifteen feet of water and all entangled with rope. If the Rus- sian bloeKade is continued, they do not think the fish N. B., August 12.—Charles A. Forbes, a aged 19, was drowned in Gardner’s Creek, St. John CANADIAN FISHERMAN 169 A Sailing Race Between American and Canadian Fishermen = America’s Cup Farce «Calls for a Contest Between “ Real Sailing Craft and Sailormen. Canadians do not feel that the America’s Cup stands for the supremacy of the seas under sail. Even the _ Americans feel that the boast is a hollow one. And those who know something of what our North Atlan- tie fishermen can do in the way of sailing want to see a real contest between real sailing craft and real - sailormen. -_ A number of letters in Montreal and Maritime Pro- _vinee papers give an idea of how some people feel about it, and Colin McKay, sailor-author, and well known to our readers, expresses his ideas in the Mont- real Star thus :— - : A REAL SEA RACE. The Editor, Montreal Daily Star. _ Sir,—Why not a fishermen’s race between Canada and the United States? By contrast with the tame performances of the fair- weather freaks off Sandy Hook, a race between the able fish vessels of Nova Scotia and New England in a real breeze of wind would be likely to attract at- tention and prove an advertisement of incalculable value for the fisheries. Besides, an international fishermen’s race would be a fitting way of commemorating the Fisheries Treaty which, it is to be hoped, will be concluded in a short time now, and will, if the recommendations of the _ Canadian-American Fisheries Conference is followed, aoe an amicable adjustment of questions which have been a bone of contention for over a century. _ The Governments of Canada and the United States might very well be asked to put up a stake for such a race. They could hardly find a better way of spend- _ ing money to secure publicity for the fisheries. They could not find a better way of advertising the great object lesson which they are able to offer the world— their ability and determination to settle their differ- ences by arbitration and to live in friendly rivalry. The rather sarcastic comment on the recent America Cup races in many United States papers show that many people would welcome an international race be- tween sailing craft built for a practical purpose. The New York Post says: ‘‘The contest of 1920 proved no- thing except that we can build a boat that can pile on canvas in light breezes and beat the best machine of the same type that can be produced on the other side of, the Atlantic. It is to be hoped that a like contest will never be seen again, and that by the time the next challenge comes the sailormen and the naval architects will have found a set of conditions which will bring about a match between sturdy boats able to race in any kind of weather.’’ The New York Globe refers to the cup racers as ‘‘paper-napkin”’ boats, and suggests that the race would be more excit- ing if they had been sailed in a bath tub. The New York Sun comments upon the postponement of a race because of a twenty-five knot breeze was blowing, asks when real sailormen were ever afraid of a twenty-five knot breeze, and observes that Gloucester fishermen would only delight in such a breeze. ; If the Canadian yacht clubs want a real race let them build a fishing vessel and challenge the Ameri- can clubs to build a competitor and run a race in the fall of the year over a course long enough to bring out the capabilities of the boats. The only condition need be that the two boats have the same length of water line, and the same sail plan as they would have when they entered the fisheries. The vessels would, of course, be sold later to the fishing industry. Possibly the present type of fishing vessel sailing out of New England and Nova Scotia represents as perfect an adaptation to a particular purpose as is at- tainable. At the same time the attention which ~such a contest would foeus upon the models and rigs of fishing vessels might result in improvements of ma- terial advantage to the fishermen. In any case, such a race might throw a valuable light upon the prob- lem of developing the new conditions of yacht racing which by general consent are demanded in the best interests of real sport. It is worth recalling that the fastest clipper ships that ever sailed the seas were built by a native of Nova Seotia, and that the greatest day’s run under canvas was made under the joint command of a native of Nova Scotia, and a man who learned how to carry sail aboard New Brunswick built clippers, C. McKAY. A writer, signing himself ‘‘Canadian,’’ -writes in the Montreal Gazette along similar lines :— 170 A RACE FOR REAL SAILORS, To the Editor of The Gazette: Sir—If we sense aright, the millionaires’ frolic of fooling: with costly devices designed to outdo each other in the water has about spent itself in the last attempt of Sir Thomas to capture the America’s Cup. This is noted by one Canadian, who ‘is glad to wel- come the change, especially if it means that the sport of racing vessels on the salt water is at length to be made to show what the crew, rather than the vessel, or‘a more happy blend of both, are capable of doing. With all deference to Commodore Aemilius Jarvis and others of the so-called yachting experts, we are of those who, by comvarison which our life has per- mitted us to draw, between the abilities of the yacht squadron sailor and the real blue water men accus- tomed to schooner-rigged vessels, have formed an opin- ion in which only the amenities of good nature could find much to be said for the former. They lend grace and interest to one of the finest of sports, and that is the best that can be said of them. As for genuine craftmanship and all the natural and aequired abili- American Schr. ‘‘Helen B. Thomas’’—a contestant for the lapton Fisherman’s Cup some years ago. ties which go to make a real sailor, whether his vessel is racing for a cup or racing for the fishing banks, they but very little. Indeed, it is not im- probable that the sailor which any of our Can- adian yacht squadrons can show would only provoke a smile if made to try his hand on the deck of a Grand 3anker, under conditions calling for a sailor’s instinet and knowledge. possess best It is with these hazy ideas of the past still not dead in our mind, that we offer to suggest, as the best possible exercise of Canadian eraftsmanship, in a test which would be caleulated to arouse the most friend- ly rivalries and the most keen interest in the United States and Canada, that encouragement be given to the suggestion of the mayor of Lunenburg, Nova Seco- tia, that an international race be arranged for vessels of the fishing type, to be manned by Nova Seotians on one side and Americans on the other. This would not only do away with the over expensive foolery of building fair weather craft for racing purposes only, but would invoke the interest of one of the greatest CANADIAN FISHERMAN August 1920 races of sailors that the world has ever seen, namely the fishermen of the North Atlantic ocean. CANADIAN. . Montreal,- Aug. 11, 1920. To this, the Editor of the Canadian Fisherman has added his contribution :— Editor, Gazette, Montreal: Dear Sir,—A letter in today’s Gazette suggesting that a race for the America’s Cup be contested by yi . \ 4 (Photo, Wallace.) Sicteen knots in a breeze of wind! A fisherman being driven. fishing schooners of Canada and the United States — is of interest to lovers of the sea and fast sailing — vessels, and the idea has much to recommend it. It — is doubtful, however, if the rules regulating America’s — Cup contests would permit of commercial vessels be- ing allowed to compete. In the publie mind, the America’s Cup is supposed — to stand for the utmost in the design and handling ~ of sailing craft. In the minds of professional seamen, the Cup has lost its standing in this respect, and the ~ shell-backs look upon it as a trophy for sail-driven ~ “‘freaks’’ built to ghost along in the light airs of ~ —_—--_- + i = August, 1920 CANADIAN summer. As a test of national seamanship and vessel design, the Cup does not stand for the best that is native to either the United States or the British Empire. ‘The present cup is a yachtsman’s cup. Let it re- main so; but why not have a trophy presented for contest between commercial sailing vessels and their erews? This could be competed for by sailing coast- ers, fishing vessels, pilot-boats—in fact, any craft driven by sail and employed commercially. There may be conisdered variation in the types of vessels under this head, but a committee of practical could readily prescribe the classes eligible. The writer has some practical knowledge of Grand Bank fishing schooners and feels certain that a very menu FISHERMAN 171 exciting contest could be staged between Canada and the United States with these craft, and such a test would more faithfully reflect the seamanship and vessel-designing abilities of the contestants than has the America’s Cup competitions the twenty years. Sir Thomas Lipton, Some years ago, presented a eup to be raced for by Gloucester fishing schooners. The race which ensued was pulled off in a strong breeze by a number of and was one of the most exciting ever held, and the winning schooner came in with her fore-topmast gone and her fore-gaff-topsail and balloon jib trailing alongside. It was said of this race that a Boston reporter” assigned to cover *he event telephoned his chief that all he could see con- for past schooners - Fe eee | | A Real Sea Boat—Digby schooner ‘‘ Albert J, Lutz’’—Winner of the Brittain Fisherman’s Cup in 1911. x ets - > tie Band = ie ee to CANADIAN FISHERMAN August, 1920 Vessels of this type favor 25 knot breezes. HH (Photo, Wallace.) gee A Nova Scotiaman in Winter rig, and a healthy type of fast sailing seaworthy craft. a ee August, 1920 CANADIAN was ‘‘a crowd of crazy fishermen trying to drown themselves !’’ The Bank fishing schooners of Nova Scotia and the New England fishing ports are stout, fast-sailing ves- sels carrying a great spread of canvas. Their crews know how to sail them and do sail them—not for the fun of the thing, but in order to save time and money in the pursuit of their vocations. There are over a hundred such schooners owned in Lunenburg, N.S., alone, and the ports of Gloucester, Boston, Province- town, Portland, etc., possess great fleets. A cup or trophy for sailing races between such eraft would awaken the interest of seafarers and yachtsmen and others who love the sea and sail and it ~ FISHERMAN 17: the contest be held at a season of the year when strong winds can be counted upon and let the course be long enough to call for a drive of hundreds of miles rather than an afternoon’s jaunt. Sustained effort for a lengthy period is the best test for men and vessels. Yours, ete., FREDERICK W. WALLACE. Are Canadian fishermen going to accept the Ameri- ca’s Cup races as an indication of the inability of Britishers to build and sail ships which will trim our American friends? We guess not! And it’s a safe bet that the fishermen of Gloucester and Boston feel Lunenburg, N.S., has still a few real sailing craft left able to race for the honor of Canadian seamen. would more truly stand for the sailing supremacy of the nation which won it. In addition to the Cup, it would be necessary to provide a money prize or guarantee the expenses of the contestants—otherwise the expense involved in preparing and. retaining a commercial vessel for a race would be more than the owners and crew could afford. I think ‘‘Canadian’’ and MeKay have struck the right idea, and if Canada would make a start in putting up a trophy and challenging the United States to compete in a race between commercial sailing vessels, a great deal could be done towards fostering the dormant seafaring spirit in the Dominion and realizing the. ideals of the Navy League and other organizations striving to build up a Canadian Merchant Marine and manning Canadian ships with Canadian seamen. And if such a suggestion is acted upon, then let but very little satisfaction in these America’s Cup races. They are an insult to their seamanship and their ideas of how a vessel should be built and sailed. We would like to see a Cup put up for contest be tween Canadian and American fishermen, and we be- lieve if the race was pulled off that it would-be some- thing vastly more creditable to our seamanship: than the drifting match recently held off Sandy Hook. A race in the Fall of the year from Mlalifax to Bermuda and back between as many vessels as wish to enter would be worth while. A long run will test the seamanship and’ ability of vessels and men, and show those who love the sea and sail that the spirit of the clipper ship days is not dead and that we have sailors and vessels of a healthy type still in existence. Here’s a chance for someone to put up a trophy in a rood cause. 174 WHO’S WHO IN THE FISHING WORLD. Readers of the Canadian Fisherman will be par- ticularly interested ‘in viewing the features of one who’s mission in life is to help the fishing industry by improving transportation facilities to markets and to increase the sale of Canadian fish at home and abroad. Our subject for this month is Mr. James H. Conlon, Chief of the Transportation and Publicity Division of the Department of Fisheries, Ottawa. Mr. Conlon is quite a youngster amongst us—hav- ing first seen the light of day in the old city of St. John, N.B., in 1894. But he is all the better for be- ing young, as it leaves him plenty of time to grow up with the industry and he is not. old enough to have formed ideas and opinions difficult to eradicate or change. He considers himself, at present, a student, the fishing industry’s wants and to learn apply himself to the solution of its many problems. eager to He is blessed with a journalistic training—possibly the most versatile and adaptable training a man ean get—a training which teaches one to employ initiative and to avoid routine and precedents. For nearly eight years, Mr. Conlon served on the staff of the St. John Telegraph and resigned from that paper in the Fall In partnership with another, he promoted the Business Review—a trade journal now prospering in the Maritime Pro vinces. When the Department of Marine & Fisheries called for.a man to take charge of a Department of Publicity to aid the fishing in- of 1919 as news editor. and published Transportation and CANADIAN FISHERMAN August 1920 dustry, Mr. Conlon was selected and appointed to the position early in 1920. Our subject has already given proof of his ability in numerous instances, and is rapidly making him- self favorably known to the industry. A clever writer, a good speaker, and’ blessed with progressive ideas and keen for information, Mr. Conlon bids fair to make his Department one of great importance and fully appreciated by the trade in Canada. A PACIFIC COAST WHO’S WHO. Among the younger members engaged in the* fishing industry of Canada, Charles Otis Julian of the firm of C. O. Julian & Co., packers of salt herring, Van- couver, is entitled to a niche in the Fisheries Hall of Kame for more reasons than one. Those who had the pleasure of meeting him at the Vancouver Convention felt. that he deserved a pedestal all to himself. We don’t know when Mr. Julian was born or where he was educated. When one knows him one doesn’t care a cuss about these minor details. Some people we write about compel us to look them up in Debrett’s Peerage or in Bradstreets—according to whether their manner is aristocratic or plutocratic. But when the interviewer hears his subject familiarly addressed as ‘*Charley,’’ then the inference is that he is democratic, which same is eminently desirable. There was a day when Mr. Julian was an autocrat of the first water. When he trod the planks of cer- tain ships in His Majesty’s Royal Canadian Navy, as a ‘‘two-ring bloke,’’ he wielded the powers of the high justice, the middle and the low over the humble ‘‘flat- feet’’ of the ship’s lower-deck crowd. But even in the service he was democratic and claimed considerable attention from the powers-that-be by protesting against the short-comings of the Canadian Naval Ser- vice. In this, he was actuated by the best and most patriotic motives, but his charges were mis-used by ( and his good intentions were not given the ~ eredit hey deserved. ‘Lieutenant Julian, in his younger days, spent con- siderable time in China and learned to speak the “lingo”? like a native. In later years, he established - the firm of C. O. Julian & Co., in Vancouver, and _ the firm claim to be the pioneers in packing B.C. salt herring for the Chinese trade. When war broke out, r. Julian, who was an enthusiastic yachtsman and a member of the first company of the Royal Cana- dian Naval Volunteer Reserve, volunteered his ser- vices, and for four and a half years served in the Canadian Naval Patrol on both coasts—retiring on de- mobilization as lieutenant, R.N.C.V.R. ‘Mr. Julian is a bachelor, but nevertheless a noted squire of dames. He has been characterized as the r Douglas Fairbanks of the fish trade. As a raconteur, ‘he is unbeatable and in matters pertaining to the Orient, he is an authority. That he will forge ahead ‘in his particular branch of the fishing industry is not to be doubted. Any man who can understand the language and fathom the business mentality Pere. Celestial is an individual not readily daunted. . Julian has our begt wishes, and we are pleased to him in our Who’s Who column. : WEST INDIAN MARKETS OFFER NEW OPPORTUNITIES. recent trade agreement consummated between and the (British West Indies besides increas- the preference has an advantage to Canadian ex- rs in another way, in that Jamaica, Turks and Islands, Cayman Islands, Bahamas and British is were. not included in the 1913 agreement, now participants in the reciprocal arrangement. view of this increased preference, together with t that improved ocean-freighting facilities are inaugurated, new possibilities are opened up for dian fish exporter. The work of installing ion. ‘space in the Canadian Government ships essing faborably, and this equipment may be e very soon. islands included under the 1913 Canada-West Indies Trade Agreement, viz., British Guiana, Trinidad, -Barbadoes, Grenada, St. Vincent, St. Lucia,. Dothinica, ‘Montserrat, Antigua. (also Barbuda and Redonda), St. Kitts-Nevis, | Anguillia, and the Virgin Islands, im- ported from Canada in 1918 fish to the value of ap- proximately $1.000.000. From the United States during the same period fish to the value of about $25,000 was ted, and from outside countries approximately 000 ‘worth, Additional preference would seem to ish an opportunity of controlling the balance of the trade, and as thé population in the islands in the Carribean Sea is now approximately 9,000,000 and steadily increasing, the future holds every induce- Of the new islands included in the recent agreement Jamaica seems to offer the premier attraction. The @greement states that in the case of Jamaica more than 5 per cent. of the regular tariff shall not be charged against Canadian goods. This 25 per cent advantage should enable Canadian fish exporters to gain a big portion of the 6,975,000 pounds of dried and_ salted fish, and 437,500 pounds of canned fish, which it has 1 entimated the island would require in 1920. The CANADIAN FISHERMAN 175 island has a population approximating 1,000,000 and there is a splendid chance to work up an exchange of trade. The Canadian Government Merchant Marine Limited now operates a steamer from Montreal to Kingston, Jamaica. In 1918, Canada shipped to Trinidad fish to the value of $437,147. A large portion of this was re-_ directed to Venezuela. Although Canadian statistics do not show any export to Venezuela, it is understood that: Canadian fish is being used there to a consider- able extent, and there is a possibility of considerably increasing the market. The increase in preference in the trade with Trinidad by 30 per cent. (now 50 per cent.) should assist in the development of this area, as Trinidad supplies Venezuela. Exporters are urged to take every advantage of the opportunity offered. If additional information is sought, the Department of Marine and Fisheries will endeavor to secure it for any individual exporter who makes application. Undoubtedly this will not concern all fish producers but a great many should be in- terested. MACKEREL SCOUTING. Work on Patrol Boats not only Valuable to Fishermen but Big Assistance Biological Research Work. Far-reaching results are anticipated from the in- novation of the mackerel scouting service on the At- lantic coast this spring. While there is doubt as to actual results produced this year, the fishermen, for whose benefit the service was instituted, are enthusi- astic, and next season they will no doubt be in a better position to take advantage of this novel service. The patrol boat “*Hochelaga, ** under Captain Bark- house, set out early in May and first reported a mack- erel school on May 11th. The cruiser kept on the lookout throughout the whole season. and accurate reports regarding the size of the schools, their location and apparent direction, were wirelessed to Halifax and telegraphed from there to Yarmouth, Shelburne, Liverpool, Lunenburg, Lockeport and Sherbrooke; and from these points the information was telephoned to all intermediate stations where fishermen were in- terested. The service from all angles was a most complete one. Later, two other patrol boats, the ‘‘Arleux’’ and the ““Arras,’’ assisted the ‘‘Hochelaga, * so that the scheme was given a thorough trial. In addition to the valuable mackerel scouting to the fishermen, the service promises to produce valuable data for biological research work. Captain Barkhouse, of the ‘‘Hochelaga,’’ has kept a chart of the movements of the mackerel throughout the whole season, and it is likely that this, with a detailed report, will ap- pear in print and will be made available to all in- terested. (Moses H. Nickerson, former M.P.P. in the Nova Scotia legislature was the originator of the mackerel scouting scheme and his suggestions were published in the Canadian Fisherman early in the year. The De- partment are to be ecmmended for putting the idea into effect so promptly.) A report from Maligant Cove, N. S. states that ber- ried lobsters are very plentiful this season. Lobsters are of good size, averaging about 10 inches. ~ 176 CANADIAN FISHERMAN August, 1920 Fishery Development in France By DORIS HEMMING. Paris, August 2nd.—In spite of many financial bur- dens as a result of the war, the French Government has just voted 200,000,000 frs. ($40,000,000) for the immediate development of their fisheries... Their am- bitious scheme as outlined in the French press makes interesting reading for the members of the Canadian fishing industry, who are counted with the Americans and the English as the rivals of the French in this important trade. The French people look upon fish as one of the es- sentials of life and scarce a day passes but fish is served in some form on the average table. Their fish- ing industry is considered one of the most valuable attributes of the nation and vast sums have been lavished from time to time in the development of the fishing ports and the building of sanitary markets. Although the fact is not generally realized, Boulogne is one of the largest fishing ports in the world, and comes fourth in the list of French harbors, ranking next to Marseilles, Le Havre and Bordeaux. Next in importance in the fishing world comes Lori- ent, a coastal town situated half way between Brest and Nantes on the West Coast. La Rochelle of Hugu- enot fame comes next, and a fourth will be created at Port-de-Boue on the Mediterranean. The Government is naturally concentrating its efforts on these three main centres, but assistance is also being given to the small fishing villages where private owners or com- panies are willing to share the cost of improvement with the State. As a general rule the French port is equipped with excellent stone and cement harbors and jetties that have weathered the storms of half a century without showing signs of wear. The Government grant will therefore be chiefly to augment the fishing fleet ‘which suffered heavily during the war. The destruction of French shipping is caleulated at 40,000 tons. This tonnage is not to be replaced by old fashioned schoon- ers such as were lost, but by the most modern gasoline and oil-propelled launches that invention has devised. These boats will be purchased by fishing companies or individuals on easy terms, as the Government has no intention of starting an industry of its own on paternal lines. The program of harbor improvements is already com- pleted, thanks to credits granted earlier by the Gov- ernment. This program deals chiefly with markets, and drying plants, of which some 150 are being built and remodeled. The most interesting section deals with installation of cold storage plants in which the Government is assist- ed by the railways. France is not a leader in refrigera- tion by any means, either privately or co-operatively, and her present system leaves much to be desired. Al- though the weather is as hot in France as . any- where else, no atempt is made to distribute ice to fam- ilies in the summer months, and the methods of stor- ing fish and meat practised in the trade, we should consider very primitive. The French are however discovering the boon of artificial ice, as the Government announces that a large refrigeration plant is to be built at Lorient and an- other on the island of St. Pierre and Miquelon. By means of these cold storage houses the movement of the supply of fish from the producers in the Grand Banks and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence will be re- culated independent of the seasons until it reaches the consumer in France. The railways and various in- dependent companies are also building plants at Ivry on the outskirts of Paris, at Douarenez, Lyons, St. Etienne, Dijon and Strasbourg’. The French Government is assisted in its efforts to develop the fisheries by the Chambers of Commerce, and municipal Governments of the four main ports to be benefitted. The grant of two hundred million is looked upon in the light of an investment rather than an expenditure as the Government expects to partici- pate in the increased earnings of these coastal towns. Owing to the destruction of the cattle in the north of France and the difficulty of bringing frozen meat from overseas until the merchant marine has been rebuilt, the French meat supply is not in a very flourishing condition. While taking advantage of this shortage to inerease the consumption of fish, the fishing indus- try will also fill an important role in restoring the normal life of the country. CANADIAN : Editor of the CANADIAN FISHERMAN has in- ected two small wooden steamers now lying in the ‘port of Montreal which would be suitable for certain branches of the fishing industry and the very low " price asked for them should prove an attractive pur- The two vessels inspected are part of a fleet of ten similar craft now lying at Atlantic ports. These craft were built for the Naval Service as patrol boats and are of the British drifter type. Since building in 1917 and 1918, they have been considerably altered by the erection of a long house amidships and at present uld be used for cannery tenders, pick-up boats, or _ They are strongly constructed of wood equal to s A. 1 Class, and their dimensions are ;~—Length, 84 ft.; breadth, 18 ft. 3 inches; depth moulded, ft.; depth aft, 9 ft. The engines are compound, ee condensing with cylinders 12” x 24” x 16” e, 200 L.H.P. at 140 rev. per minute, and capable of maintaining a speed of 8% to 9 knots. Steam is _ supplied from one Scotch boiler, two furnaces, with King pressure of 140 lbs. and a coal consumpt 4% tons. Dynamos and all pumps are of the type and all equipment is of the best obtainable. somodations are provided for ten men and the , engines and gear are in splendid condition. ; Naval drifters these vessels cost the Government $85,000 to build and equip ready for sea. Alter- eosting about $5,000 have already been made. ean be purchased for around one sixth of their and are a real bargain for the fishing firm that use them. Particulars can be had from Mr. Walter Lambert, A., 14 Place Royale, Montreal, who has already dis- of several craft. » | MONTREAL FISH FACTS AND FANCIES. , ye Montreal dealers report business rather dull as ex- ed at this season of the year. Why oh why do not our Atlantie producers realize at ‘“‘Haddock,’’ our important little Fish, must ar- ve in Montreal in a presentable condition for the dealer to retail it satisfactorily? The fish have all appearances of being handled ‘‘a pitehfork’’ carelessly packed, and when reaching ation look very much like Flounders. haps the poor transportation has something to do with it, but the producer can do something to al- leviate things. Why bulk 300 Ibs. of haddock of only quality in a box. 200 Ib. boxes would improve Somebody has to suffer as a result of this and eredit notes have to be given, and it all can be easily remedied Just recently a very enjoyable banquet was given y the Grand Trunk A. A, Club at which their Asso- tion Football Club was the honored guests. Harry bert was the caterer, and fish and chips was the mptions fare. Can you wonder why the Trunks ‘cleaned up all the local championships and cups, also he Dominion Trophy—The Connaught Cup. Soccer brainy game. The secret of their success is out— _- BISH AND CHIPS. FISHERMAN 177 AMERICAN FISHING COMPANY ESTABLISHES : CANADIAN BASE. Labor troubles along the New England Coast, which, according to best authority prove a serious handicap - to producers, may react very favorably to the Can- adian Fishing Industry. The East Coast Fisheries of Rockland, Maine, a company capitalized at $50,000,000 and one of the biggest organizations of its kind on the United States Atlantic Coast, ‘has indicated its intention of moving at least a portion of its plant to St. Peters, Cape Breton. Recently the Company had twenty trawlers operating from Rockland, Maine, and the number was being steadily increased. The Company has purchased a plant at St. Peters ‘and is operating quite largely from that point. It seems disposed to spend a large sum of money in Cape Breton and may eventually make its Headquarters of operation there. ; It is learned that representatives of fish importing firms throughout the New England States are in- ducing Maritime Provinces’ fishermen to dispose of their stocks in the New York market. All kinds of fish are included. Even eels which appear so loathsome to people in the Maritime Provinces, are looked for. RE-CONDITIONING. Re-conditioning of canned fish in British Columbia has been done in the past by Chinese contractors, but today is being done by a couple of returned men who, in looking round for a suitable occupation upon their re-instatement into civil life discovered this field of endeavor, which had apparently been overlooked hy the white man. In Seattle there are two or three firms that look after canned fish for the packers upon their arrival from the canneries, but it remained for Messrs. McBride & Wells to open up an office and secure the equipment for re-conditioning of canned fish in British Columbia. These two men are live wires, and besides the re-conditioning of canned fish, handle any other commodity that may require atten- tion in transit. Another line they are operating is the marking of lumber, which is growing rapidly. To those who are not familiar with the word re- conditioning, it may be well to state that this applies to the labelling of the canned salmon herring or other variety of fish which is shipped into Vancouver from the canneries, and the purchaser or broker wishes his own labels placed on the cans, the cases are opened up, labels put on or new labels to replace any that may already be on the cans. The eases are then carefully nailed up, and in cases of foreign shipments are wired, which insures the cases not breaking open in transit. Where there are faulty eans or broken cases these are looked after, and a general supervision of the condition of the cases is made. All this work is done under the direct supervision of the firm, which insures careful work, and endeavor will be made to employ none but white help, as rapidly as it is pos- sible to train the help, The finnan haddie is one of the most delectable eured fish prepared in Canada and is growing con- stantly in popularity. A chef of world-wide repute is the author of this recipe :-— Cut finnan haddie in dise form. Boil ten minutes with chipped green peppers. Add boiled potatoes eut in dise form. Mix all with cream, Salt and pepper to taste. Serve in hot deep dish or chafing dish. 178 i, in j 5 an aLiraaisn it Experiments in Salting of Fish By DONALD K, TRESSLER. (U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Bulletin, 884.) General Conclusions. I. Influence of impurities in salt in salting fish.— Caleium and magnesium salts and sulphates, as im- purities in salt, retard the penetration of salt into fish. Salts containing these impurities, therefore, ‘eause fish to spoil during salting at a lower temper- ature than salts not containing such impurities. Of these. three impurities, calcium is the only one present in commercial salts in large enough quantities to have an appreciable effect on the quality of the salt. Il. A comparison of the efficiency of brine and dry salt for salting fish—Fish packed in dry salt, without any addition of brine, may be kept at a high- er temperature than fish salted in brine, for less de- composition takes place if no brine be added. The dry-salt method is the more economical method of the two. Ill. Influence of method of cleaning fish for salt- ing.—The removal of all blood and viscera, including roe and milt, is absolutely essential for the salting of fish at high temperatures. Blood spoils at a tem- perature at least 25 deg. F. lower than the spoilage temperature of the flesh of fish. IV. Influence of freshness in salting fish—During warm weather freshness of fish- is essential to success- ful salting. However, much staler fish may be salt- ed if all blood, roe, and milt are removed in cleaning. Relative Importance of Factors. The predominant factor in controlling the qualities of the salt-fish product and the maximum temperature of salting is the thorough cleaning of the fish, so as to effect the removal of all viscera and blood. If fish are perfectly cleaned, it appears possible to obtain a white, sweet-tasting salt fish at any American sum- mer temperature. If the fish are not perfectly clean- ed, it is impossible to salt them at any temperature averaging above 70 deg. F. by any known method of salting, regardless of the kind of salt used or the mode of application of the salt. The factor of second importance is freshness. When the temperature of the fish is above 70 deg. F., the fish must be salted the same day that they are caught, if they are to be successfully cured. At lower tem- peratures this factor is of less importance, until at 32 deg. F. this factor is practically eliminated. That is to say, at this temperature fish may be. kept for long periods and yet be salted successfully. Next in line of importance comes the method of application of salt. Fish iced for two days may be salted at about 4 deg. higher temperature by the appli- eation of dry salt rather than brine, Fine salt must be used for small fish. CANADIAN FISHERMAN - _ calcium lower the maximum temperature at whieh Baran. Of next importance is the composition of the This factor may be easily controlled by the pur of salt of known purity. This affects the p qualities of the salt fish. Commercial salts high may be salted by any known method. Practical Applications of Results. The probability that fresh fish may be salted out danger of spoilage in any climate in the U States is of considerable importance. The only quirements for salting fish at high summer te tures are: 1. All viscera and blood must be removed 3 in : ing. 2. All large fish must be split. 3. The fish must be salted in a reasonably fr condition, 4. No brine should_be added in ore 5. Salts low in calcium must be chosen. These requirements do not involve great chan the methods of salting now employed. In reality merely require more perfect cleaning and a in the selection of salt. The fish of our™ waters that are as yet not utilized may be emia out any difficult changes in the present ~e thus a great saving may be effected. CUBAN COD-FISH TRADE. List of Canadian Exporters Wanted. Mr. H. A. Chisholm, Canadian Trade Commis Teniente Rey II, Rooms 501 and 502, Havana, writes the Canadian Fisherman as follows: *“As you probably know, dried codfish looms large in Canadian exports to Cuba, and sinee I come to Havana several commission merehants — asked me if I could arrange for them represen’ of codfish exporters. ‘Kor the information of this office, then, I be very grateful if, by using your valuable med : you could supply me with a list of Canadian exporter of dried cod and other cured and canned fish ¥ wish to develop trade in Cuba but who have — already direct representation in this country.”’ REPORTS FROM BANKERS, 8S ASSOCIATION PROTESTS FREIGHT . Canadian Fisheries Association were unable to the members together to enter personal protests st the proposed increase in railway freight rates, t at a meeting of the Transportation Committee the lowing wire was drafted and sent to the Board of ay Commissioners, Ottawa: D. Cartwright, ; Secretary, Board Railway Commissioners, Ottawa, Ont. Canadian Fisheries Association at a meeting today are strongly of the opinion that applying ral increase in freight rates on fish is penal- an industry which has for years been struggling st poor transportation facilities and transporta- rates which are as high as this cheap food pro et can stand. The ‘home market for fish at pre- is in a precarious condition through lack of ac- mand. Increased rates will seriously affect the s so laboriously built up, and will retard the ment of a natural resource sadly in need of agement and one which is capable of enormous ion and revenue to Canada and to the trans- on companies if encouraged by keep fish as a food for the masses. The cost of production to en and others engaged in producing fish is at © hundred and fifty per cent over pre-war e present day retail prices are, with a few eptions, practically the same as in 1914. We be- e that if increases must be granted to railways, fish products which were formerly carried on “eommodity basis and now carried on a class basis, ‘Same should be returned to a commodity basis. The Association is unable to appear before the Board, but ' protest against a general increase in rates as far } we are concerned is contained in the foregoing, and eel that the Commissioners will consider our case broadest aspects as a national asset worthy of hetic encouragement, and that we will receive é as in the past. bir Canadian Fisheries Association, F, W. WALLACE, Secretary. imsel has been engaged to oppose the increase in ress Rates on fish traffic, : ue DO YOU KNOW. THAT approximately one hundred thousand people employed in the fishing industry in Canada. THAT the revenue derived from the fisheries of eountry in 1919 exceeded sixty millions of dollars? ‘THAT in no other country in the world with the ex- ption of the United States is artificial propagation of fish conducted on such an extensive seale as in Canada and no where is there a better system em- ‘ed? Atlantic and those of the Pacific? THAT Canada has 12,500 miles of indented coast- on the Atlantic and Pacific prolific with edible and also 200,000 square miles of interior waters which to draw fish supplies? AT Canada has the opportunity of placing her- in the very forefront as a fish-producing country? HAT we have not awakened to the wealth of our CANADIAN FISHERMAN 179 DEGREES IN FISHING. New Departure at Liverpool University. The University of Liverpool has arranged curricula, and is prepared to grant the degrees of Bachelor of Seience in Oceanography and Fisheries and of Bache- lor of Commercial Science, with special reference to a business or administrative career in connection with the fishing industries. The departure is new and in- teresting, says the ‘‘Times.’’ A year ago Professor W. A. Herdman, president-elect of the British Asso- ciation, endowed a Chair of Oceanography, the first on the subject in the British Isles, and agreed to oceupy it himself until October, 1920. The Professor, who held the Chair of Zoology at Liverpool for nearly forty years, determined from the first that his teach- ing should have a special relation to the sea fisheries of Lancashire and the ocean trade of Liverpool. This linking of academic science with local industries has been. too little followed in Great Britain.- In France it was the star followed by Pasteur, and directed that great man towards some of his most brilliant achieve- ments. Dr. Herdman created a Fisheries Laboratory in his University, created and brought into co-opera- tion with it a biological station at Port Erin, and ar- ranged periodical ocean trips for dredging and col- lecting. When the Isle of Man Fishery Board and the Laneashire and Western Sea Fisheries Committee were established, the University of Liverpool became their natural source of inspiration. It was fitting that the - Professor of Oceanography should have spent the first and only year during which he held the new Chair in solidifying that union of science and industry on which he had been so long engaged, The curricula, which will occupy three years, provide a sound educa- tional training adapted to Specialised careers, and should give the students an insight into science and re- search. A somewhat extreme specialisation in univer- sity courses accords with the habits, 1f not with the needs, of the day. But we regret that it must be codified in new degrees. We should have preferrea the adaption of the new curricula to the ordinary de- ‘gree of B.Se., with the addition, if necessary, of ‘‘honours in fisheries and oceanography,’’ and to the- ordinary degree of B.A., again with the addition of “honours in commeree,’’—F ishing News. VERY FISHY. Perhaps the most typical fish story comes from Norway, Henrik Dahl, of Alesund, was a follower of Darwin. Wishing to prove the theory of adaptabil- ity of a species to its environment, he eaught a her- ring in the fjord and kept it in a tub at home. The’ water he reduced day by day until the herring was _able to do without any at all. The next move was to train it to live on dry ground. It flopped about very awkwardly at first, but grad- ually learned to move freely, and was able at last to follow its master on his walks. One day Henrik had to cross a bridge, which was old and out of repair. His pet was hopping along, jumping at flies now and again, all heedless of dan- ger. Unfortunately, on the bridge it slipped, missed its footing, fell through a hole into the harbor and was drowned. 180 CANADIAN CANADIAN FISH IN JAPAN. By A. E. BRYAN, Canadian Trade Commissioner in Japan. Fish Imports in 1918, Salted Herring and Salmon. . Yen. Oarinds i. chiki relies ane ROS REA ics sail a ee ee a 74,373 MP otakiio! Us Ace ere 99,399 I presume that it is not necessary to go into this very fully, as B.C. exporters know well the require- ments of this fish trade, most of the shipments being made from this coast. It can be said, however, that this business fell off almost entirely during the war when prices rose so high that it no longer could be sold in Japan. In 1913 we exported to Japan salted fish to the value of 219,902 yen compared to the U.S. figures of 292,534 yen. In 1914 our exports fell to 158,180 yen, and the U.S. figures to 166,857 yen. So that we divided this business pretty evenly with our American neighbours. This fishstuff is considered quite a delicacy to Japanese palates. Salted salmon is particularly so at New Year’s time, and can often be seen at this time of year done up in a big white en- velope with coloured strings or ‘‘Noshi’’ to be given usually as a New Year’s present to some close friend. There is always a market for fishstuff in Japan pro- viding the prices are right. Canned Fish. The market for canned fish in Japan is very small. In the first place the Japanese have now many canneries of their own, both in Hokkaido, Man- churia, and in Kamchatka. The American Can OCo., have a factory in Hakodate to supply the tins for this industry. During 1919 the output of tinned salmon in Kamchatka amounted to 740,000 cases, which was much larger than usual. over the world—but by far the greatest portion goes to London—where in August, 1918, it was selling at 105 shillings a case delivered. However, the quality of the Japanese salmon is not to be compared with B.C. red salmon, so that there is a small demand for our salmon in the high elass trade, which also buys other Canadian tinned fish of all kinds. : This is chiefly supplied by the wholesale grocery houses. Some business has also been done with Can- adian fishstuff in Siberia and China, the fish being bought through Japanese commission houses for re. exportation. She—‘What makes you so silly?’ He—‘‘T slept under a erazy quilt last night.’’ Smithson—‘‘Do you know that Noah was the great- ‘est financier that ever lived ?’’ Simpson—‘‘No; how do you make that out?’’ Smithson— ‘Well, he was able to float a company when the whole world was in liquidation.’’ This salmon is exported all’ peas FISHERMAN August, 1920 FISHERY DEVELOPMENTS ON LAKE ATHABASCA. e Nova Scotia Fish Men to Develop Fish Canning in a Northern Lake, ur Extensive operations involving the outlay of neni one half million dollars, and the maintenance of a big fishing fleet are planned by the Mackenzie Basin — Fisheries, who are establishing a cannery at Black — Bay, Athabasca, equipped with modern machin- ery that will employ over one hundred helpers, ac- cording to Captain Les Baxter, of Canning, Noya — Scotia. Already four boats of ten-ton capacity are — now assembled at Peave River ready for the voyage down the Peace to Lake Athabasca. In addition thirty Nova Scotia built dories are completed ready to — be used in the fishing operations that will be carried — out by the company, and a 30-ton capacity boat to-— gether with three 70-foot scows are under construc- tion and almost completed. It is proposed to erect a canning plant that will have a capacity to handle the produet of lake trout | which the company hope to place on the markets em- ae bracing all the prairie provinces. Lg 7 Mai eee SPOR aa Capt. Les Baxter will join his partner, Ieph H i Thorpe, of Thorpe Brothers, and Baxter, who is at present at Peace River, completing the remaining — boats that will go to make up the Athabasca fishing fleet. Captain L. Baxter with his partner are un-— dertaking the contract for the erection of the Mac- — kenzie Basin Fisheries factory. The company have their headquarters in Calgary with R. W. Jones as managing director. In addition the personnel of the — company comprise men who have had a wide experi-— ence in the Nova Scotia fishing industry. , MARKET FOR CANNED SALMON IN GREECE. The war has indirectly been responsible for the | consumption of canned salmon in Greece. Previn } to the war it was practically unknown, but during the war it was made an army ration. As a result the ~ Greeks became familiar with this commodity and due — to the searcity of meat at that time this article be- came very much in demand. Today all grocers carry it, and all classes of people appear to purchase canned a salmon. .° Under class 12°of the Greek tariff, the import duty on canned fish is 72.50 per 100 okes, or about $13.99 per 282.15 pounds. All foods before clearing customs in Greece are examined by a Government board, but there are no published standards of purity, weight a packing, ete. Consumption has not so far been affeeted by hig 4 prices. However, it is said that the market is over- — stocked at present. “a She seemed as plump as any peach On dress parade last Sunday, But when I met her on the beach She looked like meatless Monday, SS > i \ &\\\ \ CANADIAN FISHERMAN (14 \)" \ owe) eleceifl Si titiy iii} HY { o > A A a fw Ba: mye ULLAL TIF o 7S f| PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable for publication. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. _ HE SALMON MARKET IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. In this issue of the CANADIAN FISHERMAN will a a be found the season’s prices as set by the British = Columbia Packers Association. These are the prices which every handler of canned salmon really waits for ' before getting down to hard work in the disposing of the season’s pack. In some’ instances a packer will dispose of his entire pack to one buyer, and in such instances they will not wait for the season’s prices to be made, but as a general thing there is a - tendeney to hold off on the final drive to clean up until these prices are issued. _ There has been no change in conditions during the past month, but there is a tendency on the part of ~ all the packers to find a Canadian market for pinks and chums or possibly pinks alone. Without doubt the Canadian Public would buy pinks and chums if _ these varieties were advertised properly, and the at- tention of the buying public were called to this econ- omical food. Im Vancouver the writer has noticed certain special sales of the lower priced canned sal- “mon, and in practically every instance the lots were disposed of without any trouble. ~ | SEASON’S PRICES ON CANNED SALMON. Set by The British Columbia Packers’ a Association. : i Vancouver, B.C., Aug. 12, 1920. | Wumumeoekeye—Talls. -... 2... eee. $19.00 rE re (EE Sa i a ae 19.50 a: OS ee ee 20.50 mee med Spring—Tails . ................. 16.50 EE 8 18.00 Oa SE bolic ra 12.00 : OE seas en 12.25 ere tg ee el kk. 13.50 1 2 ea UB Ale Nel ae a ae a 6.50 (ESS SG a 7.50 PRE MMBC is eeu hacaeb se 3 9.25 re IIR Te eo 6.25 ‘““EULACHON’’ OR ‘‘OOLICHAN”’. An enquirer asks the Secretary of the C. F. A. if the United States Bureau of Fisheries will continue to spell ‘‘oolichan’’ as ‘‘eulachon’’. When the Can- adian Fisheries Association undertook to standardize North American trade names for fish, the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries agreed to adopt the Canadian spelling. “‘Oolichan”’ is therefore the correct and accepted ap- pellation from now on in both countries. THE ASSISTANT DEPUTY OF FISHERIES HAS BEEN A VERY BUSY MAN WHILE ON HIS TRIP WEST. After covering the entire Northern part of British Columbia, and making a personal investigation into every salmon district in that section, Mr. W. A. Found, Assistant Deputy Minister of Fisheries, arrived in Van- couver on August 10th. This trip covered a period of three weeks, and during that time inspection of all waters as far North as the Laska were made, and even the trap fishing on the American side was looked into. The trip up covered the inside waters, and on the way down, the Queen Charlotte Islands and the West Coast of Vancouver Island were covered. With Mr .Found on this trip was Col. Cunningham, Chief Fisheries Inspector for British Columbia. These two officials decided on certain changes regarding tidal boundaries in the Nass and Skeena River districts with the idea of conserving the salmon in those two rivers. From Mr, Found’s observations, it is his opinion the 1920 regulations are working fine, and this applies to the entire coast. Before leaving for the East Mr, Found will make a careful inspection of the Fraser River district. HON. C. C. BALLANTYNE TO VISIT PACIFIC COAST. The Hon, C. C. Ballantyne has left for a visit to the Pacifie Coast where he will look into matters per- taining to fisheries and marine. The Minister will travel out via Grand Trunk Pacifie to Prinee Rupert, thence to Victoria, and expects to be in Vancouver about August 26th. The Prince Rupert and Vancouver Branches. of the Canadian Fisheries Association, believed, will wait on the Minister and tender a reception of some kind—possibly a luncheon dinner. it is him or 182 NEW SOUTH WALES REGULATIONS REGARD- ING MARKING OF NET WEIGHT OF CANNED FISH ON LABELS. Although the Canadian Regulations require the marking of the net weight of contents on all canned fish labels, it may be well to quote from a letter re- cently received from Mr. D. H. Ross, Canadian Trade Commissioner to Australia, which was addressed to F. E. Payson, Secretary of the Vancouver Branch of the C. F. A. ‘“*When I was in Vancouver I advised you concern- ing proposed legislation by the State Government of New South Wales to enforce the marking of the net weight on each can of fish sold in that state. I have been for some time in communication with the New South Wales Authorities in an endeavor to have the regulation postponed in so far as the 1920 pack of British Columbia salmon and other fish was concerned. Only a few days ago was the final deci- sion received and it was promptly eabled to the De- partment of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, who likely -advised British Columbia packers accordingly. I have sent by today’s mail, a paragraph for inser- tion in the ‘‘ Weekly Bulletin’’ of our Deparment to the effect that the decision of the New South Wales authorities is that, on and after July Ist, 1920, canned fish — With the exception of Sardines—will not be permitted to be sold in New South Wales unless the net weight of the contents of each can is distinetly -marked on the label. You might advise your friends comprising the Ca- nadian Fisheries Association at Vancouver, and other points in B. C. in respect to the decision. I am under the impression that it is only N. S. W. that has such a regulation in view. Under the Com- monwealth law, it is not necessary to mark the net weight on cans, but if the weight is so marked, it must state same accurately, and whether it is the gross or the net weight. ”’ CANNERY OFFICIALS MAKING TOURS OF THEIR PLANTS. Officials of the different cannery firms were nearly all out of town during the first part of August, making tours .of inspection of their different canneries, and getting a line on this season’s pack. In some instances this means a trip taking two or three weeks, as many of the canneries have only a weekly boat service. THE CONVENTION NUMBER. Many compliments are being received by the Paci- fie Coast Representative on the appearance of the convention number of the ‘Canadian Fisherman”’. The complete list of papers, published in full, are most valuable, and many requests have been received for extra copies. HALIBUTER ‘‘GIFFEN'’ BURNED. The gasolined halibut schooner ‘‘Giffen’’ hailing from Prince Rupert was burned while off Cumshewa, Graham Island, Friday night, July 23rd. The fire started in the Galley, and was followed by several explosions as gasoline tanks blew up. The fire gained headway rapidly, and the Master and two men had only time to take to a dory and get away saving only what they stood in. They rowed for 24 hours to Sandspit, where assistance was given them. The fishing boat ‘‘Kuban”’ picked them up, and brought them to Prince Rupert. CANADIAN FISHERMAN The independent halibut schooners in Vancouver and as a result the market is kept well supplied, although the steamers of the Canadian Fish. ing Co., Ltd., are still tied up with the exception 0 the ‘‘Celestial Empire: ’’ ae A DIRECT RESULT OF THE RECENT ES CONVENTION. “ The Secretary of the Vancouver branch of the F. A. has received several important communiecatio affecting the fishing industry from individuals a associations as a direct result of the annual convention held in Vancouver during June. This speaks well for association work, and that association work can ac. ecomplish much for its members when matters affee ing the industry are brought to the attention of different associations working in districts in othe localities, is well exemplified by these happenings. It is team work that counts, and this is becoming re gnized in business relations more and more as the sociations representing the different industries | monstrate their usefulness. The fishing industry — fast demonstrating what ean be accomplished by sociation work. Those who are not members of — Canadian Fisheries Association should become m bers, and those who are members should show your terest by attending meetings, and when problems a that you wish help in solving, try out the associa’ for assistance. CURRY-McWILLIAM CANNERY DESTROY BY FIRE. re On July 24th, the Curry-Me Williams salmon situated on Westham Island, at the foot of Wood Slough, Fraser River, was completely destroyed fire, which broke out in the quarters of the Chi Cannery workers. This cannery was the property the British Columbia Packers Association. The fire destroyed the Cannery building, mach nets, (estimated at $14,000), and about 6,000 of sockeye salmon, the cannery store, manager’s } dence, and thirty or forty houses oceupied by Jay and Chinese cannery workers. The contents store, and the furniture from the Manager’s res was saved, and the cannery workers saved m their personal belongings: spline: The fire was fought with the cannery pump, and sisted by outside help it looked at oné time as thounh plant might be saved, but the flames reached the of the main building, and shortly after the pump put out of action, when nothing further could be to save the buildings. : The loss is estimated at $100,000 fully cove: insurance. ; as ing There has been no decision reached regard re-building of the cannery at this writing. HON. HUGH ARMSTRONG ON THE © PACIFIC COAST. Hon. Hugh Armstrong, of the Armstrong In dent Fisheries, Portage la Prairie, Man., accom by Mrs. Armstrong arrived in Vancouver the fi of August, and spent some time on the Briti lumbia Coast. Hon. Mr, Armstrong is combining b ness and pleasure, and British Columbia has been: nishing the required variety of weather to facili the combination. ; FISHING CO., LTD., BUILDING LARGE ADDITION TO PLANT. A. L. Hager, Managing Director of the Cana- Fishing Co., Ltd., states that improvements to- nearly $200,000.00 will be carried out on its ge the foot of Gore Ave., Vancouver, B.C. _ F » developments will include a new warehouse for unned fish and ice, additions and improvements to curing plant, cold storage, the cannery and other irtments. Some of this work was planned before » war, and owing to that, was delayed. It would however be rushed to completion. ork has already commenced on the new Canned and ice warehouse to the South of the present ding. Old piling is being removed, and new ‘being driven, and main piers of concrete being ed. This new building will be 167 feet long by st wide and two stories in height. It will be of construction, and covered with corrugated iron, cost about $50,000.00. her important improvement will be the instal- } of sprinkler system. This will be extremely with costs ruling as they do at present, but such a valuable plant as this complete fire pro- ion is necessary. en all these improvements are finished, and the w building is completed this already very modern it, in appearance and operation, will be a show as evidencing what may be accomplished by r business methods in developing one of British ar nbia’s s great natural industries. EXPERIENCES HEAVY STORMS. FISH TRAPS DESTROYED. hikan, Alaska, reports an estimated loss of 9.00 as a result of storms and resultant damage traps in the Ketchikan district. It is expected t the loss in fish will be more than the value in dd. ~The run of fish had just sooo in the Ket- - district. Ereons FOR icedabee BEING PAID ‘it remained for this particular variety to reach ‘that * to the fisherman during the first week in August ‘the Fraser River. With a very good year, in com- . with some of the previous recent years, this means good earnings for the fisherman, as the ty of them own their own gear this season, and erefore able to sell to the highest bidder. This means that the ultimate consumer will pay the price ever for this particular variety of deli- pees food. R RIVER SHOWS INCREASE OVER LAST YEAR. In 1913 the Fraser River had a big year, and since there has been every indication of the deple- of the salmon, particularly the sockeye, in this This year fishing has looked much better, and cations are at all to be relied upon, it may be 1921 will show good returns, as it has been re- dd by observers that a lean year always follows CANADIAN FISHERMAN iT year run, and as this is the 3rd year after a * 183 four year run, then 1921 which is the 4th year should show much better returns than this year. In July this year the cash value shows an increase of over $90,- 000.00 over 1919. ALBINO SALMON. Two specimens of a freak salmon have been received by the Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries from its hate hery operated at Cowichan Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. These fish are albino spring salmon. They were hatched and reared in the ponds of the Cow ichan Hatchery and have there- fore, never been to sea. The eggs were collected in October 1916, the fry hatched in the following Febru- ary and some of the males matured in twenty months’ time. None of the females have so far yielded eggs but are expected to do so this Fall. At the Cowichan Hatchery there is retained the largest number of albino fish ever collected together. They are being retained for experimental purposes, viz. to see ifethey will propagate without going to sea, also to see if the lack of colored pigments will also characterize the offspring. As far as the Superintendent of Hatchery can tell the eggs from which this collection of albino fish matured came from the one parent fish. In the collection of 1916, he was attracted by a number of light colored eggs in several trays. He picked these out carefully and hatched. them by themselves. Every one of these light colored eggs yielded fish pure white. They are now all in a healthy state. The collection has been of international interest to biological students, and several Museums on the West coast have requested and secured specimens. LOOKING FORWARD TO THE 1921 CONVENTION. Remember that one year is a short time away: They have been talking 1921 at Montreal here in British Columbia already. How about it, you Easterners ? The publicity King believes in getting things started early, and keeping it up. It will be some time before they forget the 1920 convention, and they are wonder- ing if Montreal can show them anything. INDEPENDENT HALIBUT SCHOONERS STILL DELIVERING THEIR CATCHES AT VANCOUVER. As the large steamers of the Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., are still tied up, the independent schooners are still delivering their catches at Vancouver and receiving good prices. Good supplies are arriving, and it looks as they though this would keep up for some time. SASKATCHEWAN LAKE RE-STOCKED. Raspberry Lake about thirty miles from Fort Qu’- Appelle, Sask., has been successfylly stocked with whitefish by the Fisheries Branch, Department of Mar- ine and Fisheries. In April 1918 eggs which had been taken the previous Fall at Dauphin River entering into Lake Winnipeg were transferred to the Federal Hatchery at Fort Qu’Appelle where they were cared for, during the Winter, and were hatched out in the spring. The Chief Inspector of Fisheries for the Prairie Provinces visited Raspberry Lake recently and found the fish in a thriving condition. Fish weighing two pounds have been taken this season. 184 CANADIAN FISHERMAN August, 1920 a —— Barren Lakes as Retaining Ponds for Artificially Hatched Salmon Experienced Hatchery Officer Advocates the System. Editor, Canadian Fisherman— Dear Sir,—I have just received the very complete Convention Number of the Canadian Fisherman, and find that I have been inadvertently misquoted in the part I took in the discussion on Mr. Clanton’s paper. The mere fact that ‘have been misquoted is not im- portant, but the information I intended to convey is, in my opinion, of such importance as to warrant cor- rection. The part I refer to is that in which I spoke of the ‘‘wild waters of Morris Creek and ‘‘bad’’ lakes. They should have read, ‘‘head waters of Morris Creek’’ and ‘‘barren’’ ‘lakes, and to shed further light on the matter, I would explain that throughout B.C. and probably the other provinces, there are numerous small lakes devoid of fish life of any kind, which can be used as retaining ponds for holding salmon, es- pecially sockeye, until they reach the fingerling stage. : x Not only are these lakes ready-made _ retaining ponds, but, as they are swarming with natural food, feeding is unnecessary, and the adoption of this scheme where such lakes are to be found eliminates on one hand the great expense entailed in feeding large numbers of fry, while affording them the protection it is generally conceded they require. The barren state of these lakes is attributable to the waterfalls in their outlets, which have prevented fish reaching them, and part of the scheme is to provide means whereby the fingerlings may reach the ocean without being dashed to death over the falls. Four such lakes have been located at the head- waters of Morris Creek, and while two of them lie at such an altitude as to require considerable engineer- ing to provide for the safe descent of the young fish, the outlets from the other two can be made. negotiable at very little expense. The two latter lakes, Grace and Otter, are about 20 and 10°acres in extent respectively; quite insignificant when viewed as lakes, but not so when considered as retaining ponds. We planted sockeye in these lakes last April and by the end of June they had attained a length of from 2 in. to 3 in., equal to the average length of yearling Mraser River sockeye under ordinary cireumstanees, according to certain authorities. For some reason, perhaps the water was of too high a temperature, or ‘perhaps the limited area at their disposal, the bulk, if not the whole of the fingerlings, left both these lakes before July 1st and made their way down Morris Creek, where they could be seen in considerable numbers. , Specimens of these fingerlings were taken and sent to Mr. Cunningham and Mr. Rodd, and their verdict was that the growth, attained in less than two months from liberation, was ‘‘phenomenal,’’ and that ' scheme was to be followed up and extended. the, None of the fingerlings was under two inches in length, and no attempt was made to prevent their leaving the lakes, and it is questionable if detaining them is desirable, as the water warms up greatly dur- ing the summer, and their early departure gives the live food a chance to recuperate for the following year, besides obviating the necessity of planting fry amongst yearlings. ‘i I am absolutely convinced that by using these two small bodies of water in this way the Morris Creek sockeye runs can be restored not only to their former — extent, but to proportions undreampt of. East of the Harrison Lake hatchery are two more of these barren lakes, Deer and Hicks, the latter of whitefish fame, and 100 and 400 acres in area, respec-— tively. Sockeye were planted in both of these last spring, 288 000 in Hicks Lake alone. Deer Lake is shallow, and I think the same condi- tions which caused the fry to leave Grace and Otter lakes apply there also. Hicks Lake, however, is 200° feet deep and the sockeye will likely be able to find the temperature of water they wish, at any rate, they have shown no inclination to leave and I am confi-— dent they will stay the full year. A school of about 10,000 of them was seen a short time ago, and 43 were caught at one stroke with a small depact; some of these fingerlings measured 314 inches long, and by next spring they will have attained a length of 6 or 8 inches. ; Preparations are now being made to construct flume past the Hicks Creek falls to provide for th safe descent. Owing to their isolated situation, the planting at these lakes was done with eyed eggs hatched under the stacked tray method. 50,000 eggs, with trays enough to accommodate that number at one layer of eggs to the tray, was a load for a man. Three thus loaded, with an empty on top, were tied together and placed in a tributary of the lake, preferably small spring stream, and when the sac was absor' iy the fry were released and found their way into the lakes. No loss occurred where the water was aerated through exposure to the air above the place where the trays were placed. Yours truly, “ae A ROBERTSON. The Hatchery, Harrison Hot Springs, B.C. August Ist, 1920, BRANDED SALMON TAKEN. Fishermen operating off Lors Island on the Pacifie coast recently picked up three branded salmon,—one marked U, 8. A., one with a rectangular tag, and with a diamond shaped tag. These, it is thought likely, were released from spawning grounds, and were mark- ed for scientifie purposes. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 185 i — on. : Fishers: Possibilities in West African Waters By COLIN McKAY. Years ago the enterprising Sol Jacobs made a voy- re to the west coast of Northern Africa with the idea testing the fishing possibilities there, but he had ‘the misfortune to lose his vessel on an uncharted reef, ‘and since no fishing skipper from this side of the “Western Ocean has been venturesome enough to try -luck in the waters of that part of the world. . time later the French navy undertook a survey “the west coast of Africa from about 35 to 12 de- grees north latitude, and later the French began the construction of facilities at Port d’Etienne, near Cape neo, with the object of establishing a base for fish- - operations. Three co-operative societies of Breton fishermen sent small fleets of fishing vessels of about 40 tons each to work in these fisheries. They were able to catch many kinds of fish in great quantities, t the matter of finding markets for their catches presented serious problems. For a while they did a ir business with Las Palmas in the Canary Islands, were presently called upon to face an advance in eustom’s duty that took the profits off of sales that market. They also developed a market at Dakar on the African coast, but there, too, they were confronted with tolls and regulations designed in the interests of the native traders. At various times before the war, the British and French sent large steam trawlers to these waters - experimental trips. They demonstrated the pre- ence of vast quantities of fish of many varieties, but came to the conclusion that large scale enterprise would be necessary to solve the problem of market- ing the eatches. During the war Grimsby diverted number of its trawlers to the African fisheries, but their experience under war conditions was not cal- eulated to assure the employment of steam trawlers there after the North Sea was again opened to fish- If these fisheries are to be developed, it will be by sailing craft, equipped with motor engines. The gen- eral employment of steam trawlers is likely to be un- profitable, because of the high cost of coal, and the fact that few ports are available for taking coal and ipplies. The French fishing craft, which depended irely ov their sails, found they were much handi- capped by the prevalence of prolonged calms. They not only lost much time, and frequently had their catches spoilt when they thought to make the fresh market, but were often in danger of being swept on reefs by the strong currents. ‘Since the 15th century fishermen from the Canary Islands have taken fish in the neighborhood of Cape Blaneo, but their operations have only been on a limited scale. Latterly, the Portuguese and Spanish have been giving some attention to these fisheries; overnment commissions have been studying the ques- of their exploitation, and it is likely that these ) countries will take a leading role in developing / commercial possibilities of these immense fish- psa onl ny meor.i pula: Rocowen, bor Sete A superior power fuel for all gas-driven engines >, ga Wy ee fans A ee Ibs, Axle Grease per year crude petroleum by scientific pro- cesses. Removes friction, in creases power. Have you tried it? Gives extra speed, arid ‘‘brings you home first.’’ Niet pe Nee eee . . . National Frictionless Compound AGES. ooo cece eee reseeee ee Pp og AS Cee > Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions ee ee ‘Species ’ eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy open Province........ bearings. Canadian Oil Companies, Limited BRANCH OFFICES IN 35 CITIES General Offices: TORONTO, ONT. (Make of Auto., Tractor or Motor Boat) (Be sure to give name of auto., tractor or boat, or game will not be sent.) Automobile; am at present using...............ccccceeuues Motor Oil, I will be in the market for more oil again about eh cao Rae Ee and you may quote me on..............gallons Bn-ar-co National Motor Oil. 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Best Paint for Your Boat To withstand the effects of water and sun and give proper protection to your boat, you must have paint made of the best materials. Economy Longwear Barn Paint For barns, bridges, fences, farm Ready Mixed Paint machinery, etc. The best protective coating for rough wood or metal is specially made to do this work. Pure shee materials and scientific mixing give it water Sterling Shineie Seatk and weather resisting qualities that make it sd 8 supreme for all marine painting. Attractive, Waterproofs your shingle roofs, and non-fading colors to smarten the appearance gives them a non-fading decoration. In attractive shades. of your boat. Made in Canada by Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Sold at the following Sea and Lake Ports: HALIFAX ST. JOHN QUEBEC MONTREAL TORONTO OWEN SOUND KINGSTON SAULT STE. MARIE CANADIAN EXPORTERS] | OF ALL KINDS OF - FISH SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE . FISH - TRADES GAZETTE 12 months. s¢< 3). 5 es 26/- including postage 6 OE Rl Rca ts, ae a gt ee 13/- = As 3 Af. chy, Santa ences ee 6/6 yo “y Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office:—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND 5 TEN ESA MER PIE IE TREE OOP NON DEN Ey ET mE Ne ae 1 ra > : 7 © CATA: eh ing! ib CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNEY J. WILLIAMS, Government Auctioneer.) FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS., General Offices:—43-45 Monument Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3, CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. a we, Fs % _— =. =. T9 Ps Department of Marine and "Fisheries a Des Brisay, M., & Co.,. ‘Donaldson, itil eee oe ee es or oh Farquhar & Co., Ltd. Fish Trades Gazette, The «. Ba ae eo a ip = Forge, Peter .. .. -- Frank Fales and Sons sts . eae ence a Precwiah-@-OOnd. Ne |... 32. eee Es ee ee PPO O00.) Mo TNs i oa a Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F. Gosse-Millerd ecsigaeate Co., Ltd. Gray & Prior... ... ‘ SAMIR, Dyes So ee ato eee Hallett, A. KE. -- Matton, D. Company... 2. es 3% ee Harry Hall & Co., Ltd. Hickman Co., A. E. Soe Halifax Nautical Taatamaant ee Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. International Business Mae hines ‘Co., Ltd. 5 Jacobson Gas Engine Co. -) .. 2. 6. wee. OUPNOGUS, El, is. 66 ea oe wanan.©. 0;,@ Co. ..). sta mermath Mie: Co: i ass, oe Labrador Fisheries - io.) eye eae Ebert WAGE Gt in ss ok ee TmeINetels. DOO Gs oak eed Leckie, John, Ltd. Letson and Burpee, Limited ole 6 Ae ea Levesons Limited . _ Swedish Steel and impor Gig Co., Ltd. . he. Lockport Cold Storage Co., Ltd. London and Petrolea Barrel Co,, “Lita. London Fish Co., Ltd. pases Reon Lyons, Chs. & Co. rae sa Lunenburg Rosny Co., Lid. oo MeAvity, T., & Sons Ltd. .. 2. 2. +=... McCormack & Zatzman .. .. .. ++ 1... 4 McBride: Wells ‘atid Co;"..- 7 sae Minard’s Liniment . 2F es ee ee re See Mueller, Chs., Co., Ltd. oo een Mustad, O. and Son eee ve eae Murray-Latta Machine ‘Works | 25 Wen oy New England Fish Co., Ine. Noble, Chs., Jr., Company se North ‘American rohan & Cola Sto Ltd. . ee ea tenet Nova Seotia Cavecusaite ths O’Loane Kiely & Co., Ltd... .. ieee : Process Engineers Limited .. .. .. . Phenix Packing Coo. oo oS ieee Perfection Motor Co... . seg Quebec Government .. +6... 0300s. ne eo Ramites &-Co., sy ees sce es oe tee alee Ranney. Wish Co be oie wages aes Robin, Jones and Whitman .. .. .. .. . Seattle Astoria Iron Works .. . Sehmidt Litho Boe oy Se peer ae, Salles Silver, H. R. Ltd. yaaa" Spooner, W. R. . pe Stamford Foundry Co., ‘Ltd. . ee St. Thomas Packing Co., Ltd. Smith Cannery Machines Co. .. .. .. 4 Seythes & Co., Ltd. <5 Tower’s Canadian, Limited .. Vhay Fisheries Co... .. .. Wallace Fisheries Limited .. .. .. .. . be Walter, Thos. Son. Ltd . = a Wannenwetsch, C. H. A. & Co. ee) Ae Ward, W. A. & Co. Cd Uie ate oe ee ees Western ‘Packers ..505 ss ri ese Ls The — ss SS . aa ie a EU aes een 1a a aed) a SBE Oe AOS ee Pee Ray oe Cee ee ss See CO as a aa a al eo we ee ae ee a - — — _ - — — —E —— — : _ am oa - ; ae f . 4 ; . CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Navigator Log “The Lie Long Looked For In The Maritime Field.’’ Constructed on the Pitot Principle Speed Indicator In the Engine Room Distance Recorder on the Bridge Entirely Automatic Functions with unfailing precision Independent of all external conditions APPLY FOR DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE SOLE CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES SWEDISH STEEL & IMPORTING CO., LIMITED “SHAUGHNESSY BUILDING, - ° MONTREAL CANADIAN: FISHERMAN MARITIME FISH CORPORATION LIMITED || mae TE av, ine rience oF DIGBY, aa sinus iane | SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS |} | COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS a CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. MONTREAL CANADA i.leense No, 1-148 License No, 1-14 i CANADIAN FISHERMAN Letson & Burpee, Ltd, 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, /\\ CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT OF THE RUN & WHEN LABOR TROUBLE pe LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler- a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over the old style, is only one of the distinctive features. Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. ° K ood Canadi i Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach Cintds and save the exchange. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Jabels that compel attention to center on yout’ product | Schmidt wy SCHMIDT LITHOGRAPH CO A Seattle Lostngeles-Tresno Porttand Jacrameno Honolulu Jar Tranctsco CANADIAN FISHERMAN 7 Eat lots of Fish during Summer Months. A Fish diet clears the brain and keeps the body physically fit. Established 1874 D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH in the Dominion. Experts in the Handling of Bulk and Shell OYSTERS. eS ee ae ae ee eel am Ag TWO OF THE OLDEST LANDMARKS IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL To the Trade: We suggest for the Summer Season you place a standing order with us for your weekly supplies of FISH. We guarantee you quality and service. Here is a few of the lines we recommend. FRESH: Haddock, Codfish, Halibut, Salmon, Dore, Lake Trout, Whitefish, Pike. SMOKED: Eels, Fillets, Haddies, Bloaters, Kippers, Digby Chicks. SALTED: Boneless or Dried Codfish, Labrador Salmon, Mackerel, Sea Trout, Herrings, Codfish Tongues and Sounds, Imported Scotch and Holland Herrings, etc. CANADIAN FISHERMAN Exceptional Angling —Opportunities—= are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- elusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesdie Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec SR SAT CE Te ; a ee. pe | elie aoe ee ee = aa . sas CANADIAN FISHERMAN Especially Constructed for FISHERMEN The All White White Sole Boots Manufactured by The Independent Rubber Co., Limited, Merritton, Ontario 10 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Canadian Fisheries Association Organized 1915 A Non-Partisan, Non-Political Organization for the Development of the Fishing Industry of Canada along Modern and Progressive Lines. Membership open to all persons engaged directly or indirectly in the Fishing Industry of Canada. For all particulars address The Secretary, CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION GARDENVALE, Que. i eT ole CANADIAN FISHERMAN ll BOOTH FISHERIES CANADIAN COMPANY, LTD. Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TO RO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | Chamcook, N.B. St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. ———— CANADIAN FISHERMAN Mr. Fish Producer- Never before have Canadian fish producers been given such an opportunity to develop for- eign trade as they have at the present time. Canada stands ace-high among the nations of the world and enjoys a sentimental preference which no other nation can parallel. The products of her fisheries are in demand and, because of the premium on exchange, pro- ducers in Canada have a considerable advantage in quoting prices to foreigners. They now have a chance to develop a direct business and to extricate themselves from the pre- vailing system of utilizing another country to act as broker for Canadian foreign trade. Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, Ont. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 13 Labrador Fisheries QUEBEC OFFICES Operating Plant and Cold Storage 147 MOUNTAIN HILL SEVEN ISLANDS, QUE. Operating Fisheries North Shore Gulf of Si. Lawrence Producers and Distributors of Famous Moisie River Salmon ORDERS SOLICITED Car Loads and Less than Car Load Lots —— 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Codes : Cable Address: Armsby ** Brokers.”’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. _ Western Union California Fruit Canners +s M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. ee eee ISO MX WL ap ‘ iad | Sallam ogecege \) i < ) ae 7 Sa y i ia a aN Ce gi —- . K 1 A hj <3 Se Seer Mh Macht by NaI SSS 2 “8 > se i oe com 62 SS i ) O00 SR oe ne 1: Aut Le | 11 t oy, rx oo Cam Ss THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry. SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. .. 6. se ss ee te ee Ree CON BN MLD MUSTO). cS SoS oie ee ae eR eee ele ee eb ate $1.00 $1.50 payable in advance Zz b Ae 4=~ = Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should ve . in the publisher’s hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. Ses ea aR ra B= ed es | re ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION 3 Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. " ; Ly) * (Aa MONTREAL OFFICE: 43 A. S. Christie, Eastern Mgr. 205 Drummond Building Manager Telephone, Uptown 7773. VANCOUVER OFFICE: c. Pp. R. Bldg., cor. King F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative and Yonge Sts. 528 Winch Bldg. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS - . - - - Gardenvale Que. 18 — PULP AND PAPER: MACHINE R: CANADIAN FISHERMAN Production Plus Quality HE craftsman of a generation ago is the skilled operative of today Intensive wants, competition, inven- tion have begotten intensive methods. Everything has changed—everything except the demand for quality. And today quality must unite with economy if the result is to be successful. Today Canada demands increased pro- duction. More goods, an ever-increasing supply—and quality must be maintained with the increase of quantity. The old craftsman often took years to perform the task that the skilled mechanic now accom- plishes in a day. Machinery has done this and today The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co. Limited are making it possible for the artisan to do the work of the master-craftsman at lightning speed. For quality of product, quality of tools is necessary. The workman does the job, but the machine assures mechanical precision—all those details which insure a product satis- factory in its last analysis. That is why Fairbanks-Morse machine tools should always be specified. There is behind each lathe, grinder, shaper, planer, and so on down to the smallest tool, the dominating spirit of The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse institution, the never-relaxing effort to give 100% quality of produce and service. The Canadian Fairbanks- Morse Co. Limited Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods Halifax St: John Quebec Montreal Ottawa Hamilton St. Catharines Windsor Winnipeg e Regina Calgary Vancouver Victoria CONTRACTORS EQUIPMENT September, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 189 Emr ll ORIAL = SEPTEMBER, 1920 DUTY FREE FISH INTO CANADA. ‘The recommendations of the Canadian-American Wiahibriée Conference of 1918 advocate the removal of Canadian duty on fresh and fresh-frozen fish ‘‘ with : view to assuring stability in the industry that the two countries enter into an agreement by which such will be admitted customs duty free from either Rist eountry into the other.’ Also ‘‘ Your commissioners “are convineed that....the fishing industry as well as the people of both countries as a whole can best be ‘served by permanently removing all barriers to the "production and movement of fish in the two countries.”’ “It is understood that the Canadian Government has agreed to the principle of free fish and that same has ‘been incorporated in the Canadian-American Fisheries ‘Treaty—which treaty is awaiting ratification by the U.S. Government. But with the appointment by the Canadian Government of a Tariff Commission now holding sessions throughout the country, this question 0 free entry of U, 5. fish into Canada will certainly on ome up before them. There is no doubt but what the ole Canadian tariff needs overhauling and the ‘coming Parliamentary session will be largely devoted to tariff arguments and lengthy verbal battles between bree Traders and Protectionists. In the fishing industry of this country the question the removal of the duty on American fish is look- ed upon with disfavor by the producers and favorably L distributors and retailers. Sane and reasonable ar- guments are put forward by both factions, but the estion to be decided is ‘‘ What policy is the best for ie Industry and the Country—Free Trade or Pro- FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE Editor which are not produced in Canada, can be secured at lower prices and the market stimulated thereby. On the Atlantic Coast, dealers in Toronto, Montreal and Quebee and Ontario points can receive fish from Bos- -ton, Portland, New York and other United States pro- ducing points much more rapidly than from producing points in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Con- sumption of fish in Canada will be increased by lower prices, greater variety and steadier supply. Fishermen, vessel owners, and producers of fish in Canada feel that duty-free fish from the United States would be disastrous to the development of the Can- adian fishing industry. They claim that, on the Atlan- tic, they are at a disadvantage in the distance from New England ports to eastern Canadian markets as compared with the distance from Maritime Provinces ports to the same. This fact was realized by the Can- adian Government when fish shipments from the Ma- ritime Provinces to Canadian markets were assisted by an express subsidy which equalized the rates from Maritime Province points to eastern Canadian markets with those from Portland and Boston. Even with this subsidy, the duty on American fish was all that pre- vented Portland and Boston from capturing the bulk of the trade in fresh fish. This subsidy is now off, but the duty is all that prevents the American producers from eapturing the Canadian market. Similarly, on the Pacific coast Alaska salmon and halibut would enter into dangerous competition with the Canadian produced article if allowed to be landed at Prince Rupert and Vancouver and shipped from there duty free to Canadian markets. In rebuttal of the above it may be advanced that the United States is a consumer of fish and that Can- ada is a producer, But it is asserted that during pe- riods of heavy landings by American fishing fleets, Canadian markets would be made dumping grounds. Also fear is expressed that American trawler owners 190 will find a greater stimulus in developing their already large fleets if they have the Canadian market to use for surplus catches. There are many arguments for and against—all of which deserve consideration. ~ We believe these argu- ments should be aired freely and the Editor of the ‘‘ Canadian Fisherman’’ would be glad to give pub- lieity to such in order that the best opinions of the industry on the subject may be gained. We will un- dertake to make a digest of all communications on the subject and publish, without editorial prejudice one way or the other, the opinions of both sides on the question—one which is destined to be of vital im- portance to the whole fishing industry of Canada. FISHING SCHOONER RACE, A sports carnival is to be held in Halifax during the first week in October, and as a sort of preliminary canter to an International Sailing Race, a contest for fishing schooners will be sailed from Halifax to Lunen- burg, N. S. The ‘‘Halifax Herald’’ has already offer- ed a trophy for the Fisherman’s Race and it is expect- ed that a number of entries will be forthcoming. It is to be hoped that the race will be held and that a number of vessels will participate as it will give quite an impetus to the suggested International Sail- ing Race between American and Canadian fishing schooners proposed for next year. Much of the credit for bringing the race about must be given to Mr. Colin McKay whose articles on the subject in the ‘‘Canadian Fisherman’’ and other ma- gazines and newspapers has attracted attention and interest. Mr. MeKay, in addition to being a clever writer and student of economie and sociological pro- blems, is at the same time a qualified seaman and navigator and served as an officer in one of H. M. Transports during the war. He is one of the MeKays of Shelburne, N. S. and a descendant of the celebrated Donald MeKay—famous American clipper ship build- er of East Boston—and of Capt. Laughlan MeKay— a noted record breaker in Yankee clippers. No better man could be secured to arouse the sailing spirit in his countryman than Mr. MeKay whose article on sailing races appears in this issue. AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY CONGRESS, OTTAWA SEPT, 20—24TH. The fact that the annual convention of the Ameri- can Fisheries Society is to be held in Ottawa from September 20th to 24th is interesting because of two things; first, it will be the first time that the an- nual convention will be held outside of the United States; secondly, it is the 50th anniversary of the Society. Members of the International Association of Fish, Game, atid Conservation Commissioners are meet- ing here at the same time, and as their membership is largely. the same, and matters to come up are of mutual interest, sessions will be held eonjointly. Dur- ing the period while these distinguished scientists CANADIAN FISHERMAN September, 1920, and fish culturists from all parts of America are in session, great interest will be taken in their delibera- — tions. i The American Fisheries Society, which met last — year in Kentucky, promotes the cause of fish culture; _ strives to gather and diffuse information bearing ont its suecess, and upon all matters relating to the fish- eries; to unite and encourage all interests in fish ge ay ture and the fisheries; and to treat all questions < a a scientific and economic character regarding fish. a Just now while there is so much discussion as was efficacy of artificial fish propagation, and of the ous hatchery systems employed, the addresses and de- bates should be of widespread interest. The American Fisheries Society is offering three prizes of $100 each for papers presented at the ‘meet-— ing in the following classes: a For the contribution showing the _ best scientifie work applied to specific or general fish problems; for the contribution showing the greatest advance- ment in practical fish culture work; for the contribu tion that promises best relief of unsolved » affecting the commercial fisheries. The programme for the entertainment of the date: gates attending has not yet been completed, _ is in the hands of local members. The Chateau will be the headquarters of the delegates while t are in Ottawa. One feature of the programme ° will, a banquet at the Chateau Laurier, when Honorable. C. Ballantyne, Minister of Marine and Fisheri wi likely be the speaker. Pia eh ed to the iit This report leads us oe the views of the Fishing Industry on fisheries ad opportune moment to make the change suggest For several years, fisheries administration affairs have been carried on under the aegis oe Department of Naval Service. This was not at tisfactory to the Industry who felt that the fiuher of Canada were of sufficient importance to comm a distinct administration—a separate Fish partment in charge of a Deputy Minister of “Wisheri At the Halifax Convention of the Canadian Fishe Association in August 1918, a resolution was p: urging the appointment of a Deputy Ministe Fisheries; in May 1919, a similar reeommendation wa made to the Hon. ©. ¢. Ballantyne. In June of thi year, our request was partly granted by the tion of the Fisheries Department from that of Naval Service and Fisheries administration was ferred to the Marine Department and Mr. John acted as Deputy Minister of Marine and Fisheries. The Fishing Industry of Canada, if it is ever g to be developed into something worth while, needs strong man at the administrative helm.. A Deputy } nister with but little knowledge of the industry ¢ its requirements and having another important an intricate Department to administer, is not going t help our Industry very much. We are engaged in the development of a natural resource which is singula: diversified and conditions vary extremely almost every degree of longitude from Atlantie to Pacifie. To successfully administer and promote the expa sion of the vast fishery resourees which Canada, September, 1920 CANADIAN doubtedly possesses requires the whole time, study, and effort of a Deputy Minister who understands the Fishing Industry and its ramifications. It has been argued that a Deputy Minister does not _ require to have an intimate knowledge of the Indus- __ try or resource he is administering; that he is more - eoneerned with Departmental routine, policies, and the distribution of appropriations. The futility and fatality of this theory is seen in our fisheries today. Established on the Atlantic Coast for three hun- dred years and more, and possessing as we do the greatest fishery resources in the world, our progress Fes haan lamentably slow, and it is a serious fact that there are 12,000 less men engaged in our fishing industry today than there were twenty years ago. Short-handed administration and the lack of an offi- cer with power to do things, has seen the sockeye salmon fisheries of the Fraser Fiver practically de- leted; the oyster resources of the Maritime Provinces a similar condition—lobsters, shad, halibut, white- fish, Atlantic salmon all going back. It is doubtful Canadian fishermen are landing a heavier weight of fish to-day than they have done in previous years. In his report on the Naval Mission to Canada 1919, Admiral Viscount Jellicoe, considered the fishing in- _ dustry from other angles than that of war and the last paragraph in the following recommendation is si- -gnificant but futile unless present day conditions are altered. ; “Tt is very desirable that Canada should become independent of outside assistance in the work of mine- sweeping. The simplest, and by far the cheapest, me- thod of obtaining in the war services of efficient mine- sweeping vessels is by the encouragement of a trawler fishery service on both the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts during peace. Steam trawlers are already operating on both coasts and have proved to be commercially successful. This matter is of such importance on eco- : nomic grounds that I beg to draw special attention to Steam trawling and drifting—the universal methods mployed in Europe—and which afforded a valuable reserve of seamen and vessels during the war—have very little place in the Canadian Fisheries. Two traw- s worked for a time on the Pacifie on 1918-19 ing flat-fish and eod —excellent and abundant ecies—but transportation rates and lack of market- g publicity killed the business and they are now hdrawn. Steam trawling on the Atlantic employs ‘some four or five trawlers and there is very little ope of the fleet being augmented unless the situa- ion is studied by a Departmental head who ean give his time and intelligence to the fisheries alone. No : ers are employed in Canada though there are tre- ‘mendous possibilities in our herring resources. There is no limit to the development of our fisheries, ‘ ut of all Canada’s natural resources this important asset has featured as Cinderella, in the family of Can- _adian resources. Appropriation for its development and encouragement have been ruthlessly cut down ile other resources, less deserving, have been fos- ‘tered to the limit. Fishery affairs receive scant at- tention in the House except possibly from members Peparssenting constituencies who, unfortunately allow ir judgment to be influenced by political consider- on rather than the erying needs of the industry. staff administering the fisheries is limited to a » handful and the Department has been handi- 191 capped by being administered as an appendage to Naval Service or Marine. : Of Naval Service, Marine and Fisheries, the latter is the most important and of the greatest potential value to Canada. The two formér departments bring in no revenue to the country nor do they add any- thing to the Dominion’s growing fabrie of future na- tionhood. The fisheries create a livelihood for the inhabitants of our sea and lake shores; they retain for Canada a sea-faring population in present danger of disappearing ; they keep alive shipbuilding; they pro- duce a cheap flesh food for the people of Canada of great future value when other food commodities soar in prices; they also introduce Canada to certain foreign markets where our canned and salt fish go. There is no need to dilate upon the possibilities of our Fisheries, but we earnestly feel that we are not going ahead—rather, we are slipping back. And we feel that we will not progress until the Fisheries are administered by a self-contained Department under its own Deputy Minister and encouraged to exert itself for the development of the fishery resources by a sympathetic cabinet and sufficient appropriations to carry out the things that are vitally necessary to such development. In the foregoing, no reflection is made upon the abilities of the officers and staff at present composing our Fisheries administration. As a minor Department, short-handed, financially stunted and oppressed by many varying and difficult problems, they must, per- foree tackle those problems which call for the least effort and the smallest expenditure of money. A fisheries policy built up in this manner will never put Canada where she should be. We hold no brief for any particular person as De- puty Minister of Fisheries, but knowing intimately the varied knowledge which will be required of the of- ficer filling the position, we believe the training and ability of the present Assistant Deputy Minister of Fisheries would qualify him for the leadership of the Department we strongly suggest should be organized immediately. p Unless something is done along the lines indicated in this editorial, we venture to prophesy that, within a decade, we shall have the doubtful pleasure of review- ‘ing some Departmental pamphlet entitled, ‘‘Some Rea- sons for the Non-Progression of the Canadian Fish- eries ’’—but the main reason won’t be hard to de- termine. FISHERMAN INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FISHERIES COUNCIL WILL BE FORMED SHORTLY. Under the auspices of the Dominion Department of Marine and Fisheries, a meeting of representatives of the Canadian, United States and Newfoundland Fisheries Administrations will be held at Ottawa on September 23rd to consider a programme for co-opera- tive scientific investigation of the deep-sea fisheries of North America. An invitation has been extended to the Canadian Fisheries Association to have representatives present and Secretary Wallace and others will attend. The formation of the proposed Council will be the climax to the resolution passed by the Association at its Halifax Convention in 1918 and to the work done in fostering the idea by Dr. A. G. Huntsman and the Association’s officers co-operating with Mr. Found, Assistant Deputy Minister of Dominion Fisheries. FISHERY COLLEGES A NECESSITY. Administration Report for 1918-9 of the Madras Fisheries Department. Page 3, paragraph 8, says in part. ‘‘With a return to more normal conditions several important dormant propositions have been re- vived and submitted for the consideration of the Go- vernment, together with others entirely new. If we can obtain sufficient subordinates, the expansion of our activities should be rapid within the next few years, but unfortunately this presents great difficulty ; indeed, I fear it will be unsurmountable till we have a technical institute or rather Fishery College, where the men we so urgently need will be able to obtain educa- tion in the theory and technique of their profession. An University education is a good foundation where- on to build; alone, it is insufficient equipment for a fishery expert even of subordinate rank.’’ The same condition exists in the Canadian fisheries. DEATH OF ARTHUR P. TIPPETT. It is with very great regret that we have to an- nounce the death of Mr. Arthur P. Tippett of the firm of A. P. Tippett & Co., Montreal. Mr. Tippett was largely interested in the canned fish industry and operated factories on the Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia. Throughout his life he took a very keen interest in church affairs and in business set for himself a very high code of ethics. He was a member of the Canadian Fisheries Association from the beginning and his pass- ing away removes from the Industry a very kind and lovable gentleman, “OH, WOULD THOSE HAPPY DAYS BUT COME AGAIN !/’’ ‘*Montreal Star’’ on the origin of names says in part regarding the name Fiske, Fisher, ete. A paragraph in the “The names....are derived from either of two oceu- pations—the selling of fish or the catching of fish. These occupations were tremendously important in the Middle Ages, for the English nation subsisted largely on fish both as an economic and religious necessity. Medieval England was Catholie, and in the Middle Ages the fasts of the church were far more rigorous and numerous than today. Indeed, the Fishmongers’ Guild of Old London was the most powerful of the merchants’ associations for many generations. FREIGHT RATES ARE INCREASED. Board of Railway Commis- sioners, the railroads of Canada are permitted to in- crease their freight rates by 35 per cent. west of Port Arthur and Fort William and by 40 per cent. east of those points. By a judgment of the - CANADIAN FISHERMAN It was hoped that fish would be excluded from the general increase, but the judgment handed down by the Board evidently considers that fish is not entitled to any exemption or special rating. Needless to say, the industry do not accept the ruling with any degree of optimism as to its effect on the development of the Canadian fisheries, and the best that can be looked for is a material improvement in service and an overhauling of the rate schedules within a year. OPPOSING INCREASE OF EXPRESS RATES. Mr. D’Arey Scott of Qttawa is acting as counsel for the Canadian Fisheries Association in opposing the granting of flat increases in Express rates to the com panies concerned. The hearing opened in Toronto on September 2nd when the case for the express companies was present- ed. Hearings will be resumed at a later date in Montreal, Winnipeg, Prince Rupert, Vancouver and possibly one or two Maritime Province cities. PISCATORIAL PARAGRAPHS. Hon, ©. C. Ballantyne, Fisheries, and Mr. W. A. Found, Assistant Deputy Minister of Fisheries, after a tour of the Pacifie Coast. Mr. J. S. Eckman of the Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., Vancouver, and: a prominent official of the Canadian Fisheries Association was in Montreal during the veek of Sept. 12th. It is reported that Mr, Alex. Johnston, Deputy Mi- nister of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, is resigning from the Government service shortly to enter private business. THE LATE DR. J. H. COMFORT. The death in St. Catherines on Sept. 6th of Dr. John Henry Comfort at the age of ninety-three years oe September, 1920 Minister of .Marine and — have arrived back in Ottawa i E recalls the fact that for many years he was considered - i. an authority on fishing, chiefly as a sport and pas- time. and spent all of his years in that district and St. Cather- ines where he had a large medical practice. years ago he was appointed police magistrate of St. Catherines but retired from active work about twelve . Since then he had lived retired at Port years ago. Dalhousie where he made his last eateh of perch off the pier a few weeks ago. Dr. Comfort was a kindly, Some Dr. Comfort was born at Niagara-on-the-Lake lovable man and was held in the highest esteem by _ all who knew him. ARE YOU IN FAVOR OF RETAINING THE DUTY ON IMPORTED FISH? DO YOU BELIEVE IN PROTECTION OR FREE TRADE IN FISH PRO- DUCTS? LET US HAVE YOUR ge bd ON THE SUBJECT. ae ee ADICAN September, 1920 FISHERMAN 193 Boosting Retail Fish Sales Some Cold Truths and Good Suggestions. It is a fact that no one acquainted with conditions will gainsay, that fish is not being properly advertised to develop the local market. It is not necessary that it should be more extensively advertised to produce better results, but it is essential that what advertising is done, be made to achieve its purpose. In newspapers throughout the country retail fish vendors take considerable space to bring to the atten- tion of the public what they have to offer. The space is well paid for and the aim should be to get every cent’s worth of good out of it, that is, to induce the public to buy what they have to offer. Too many have adopted the scheme of newspaper advertising simply because it is the common practice and they feel that if they do not do the same, they are not up-to-date, that they are out of the running. This may be true to a certain extent, but when they buy newspaper space they are buying a marketable commodity which should receive the same attention as any other com- modity purchased. When a fish vendor, for example, is considering the installation of refrigerated show-cases in his store, he does not base his decision on the fact that Tom Jones or Bill Smith has put in similar equipment. He wants to know just how it will improve his business finan- cially, in making a better display, preserving his stock and checking waste. Now with his newspaper space he should employ a similar process of reasoning. He should ask himself, ‘““What is the purpose of this purchase of mine?’’. Naturally, it is to sell more goods, and to impress upon the public the good values and the good stock he is offering. But fish is different from the great majority of com- modities. It is all right in advertising meat, butter, cheese or similar products, to employ the stereotyped system of setting down the name of the article and the price. This conveys all that is required, but with fish it is different. Those who are engaged in the retail trade know that a great many of their patrons have a few ‘‘old standbys’’, perhaps cod, haddock, salmon, and white- fish, but when you suggest to them that sole, brill, pollock, mackerel, pickerel or some other fish may be obtained more cheaply and furnish a greater percent- - age of nutriment per pound, what is the question they will ask nine times out of ten ? **Well, how do I prepare it ?”’ That very question of theirs should give you retailer a hint regarding your advertising space. Why not answer it in your advertising space when you have on hand species which are not in general demand, and for which you wish to create 1a market ? For example, let me assume that you have in stock this particular day a considerable quantity of pollock. The demand is not great. Would it not strike you as being infinitely more attractive to lay out your adver- tisement something like this : Pollock — 8c per pound. 12ec worth contains more nourishment than a pound of spring chicken at 50c. Try a pollock dinner and use this recipe: Boil pollock for ten minutes in salt water; let fish drain and cool; flake it; boil enough spaghetti to fill two good sized cups. Make a white sauce from two tablespoons butter, three tablespoons flour, and two cups milk, seasoned with salt and pepper . Boil it until thick. Place a layer of spaghetti-in a baking dish, then a layer of flaked fish, then a layer of white sauce, with a few slices of hard boiled egg. Cover with bread crumbs. Pour a little melted butter over it and cook until well browned. THERE YOU HAVE A CHEAP DINNER BUT IT WOULD PLEASE A KING. Advertising of this nature, besides attracting the eye and engaging attention, will settle the question for many a housewife as to what her dinner for the day will be. How often have you heard the women of your own household read over a recipe and say, “IT must try that.’’ In the city of Ottawa there is a certain brand of sausages which has won popularity through this scheme of advertising. The recipe for preparing them for the table brought customers. Going a step farther into the matter of advertising, let me advise you to take pains with the preparation of your ‘‘copy’’, composers in the newspaper offices can interpret the layman’s instructions on his copy, even if they are not couched in aecustomed eryptic technicalities. Make your copy appear just as you would have it in the paper, and write instrue tions: ‘‘Follow copy minutely’’. Where you want 194 larger lettering make your letters larger. Where you want indentation with smaller lettering, write your copy accordingly. For example, the material above should be planned with the ‘‘8c. a pound”? prominent, and directly be- neath it even more conspicuous: **12c. worth contains more nourishment than spring chicken at 5! with the words underlined printed in heavier type. The recipe should then be indented and ordinary news- paper type used. The bottom lines should be carried wider and made prominent. Those of you retailers who have been accustomed to doing snatches of advertising, try this plan. It i isa safe guarantee, that you will sell the goods you in- troduce in this way. In order to develop a broader local market for our many varieties of sea foods, everyone engaged in the business must do his share. Every effort should be made to have patrons sample the less popular varie- ties, which may be obtained in abundance. But if you advertise certain fish see that they are of good qua- lity. If you neglect this feature you may get once-in- a-while customers, but the steady patrons are the ones you want. All along the line from the fishermen to the retail vendor scrupulous care should be taken to give the very best of fresh fish to the home market. Any at- tempt to burden the market with stale or poorly treated’ fish weakens it, and not only does the indivi- dual dealer who made the mistake suffer, but others in the business must suffer for his misdeeds. If retailers are sufficiently interested in this matter to take it up, the Publicity Division, Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, will be pleased to prepare sample advertising copy for them to de- monstrate how to make these newspaper advertising more attractive. By taking up this matter earnestly, retailers may assist materially in the movement to broaden local demand and as they individually are among the ones to profit by a larger market, they should take the opportunity to help. THE GREEK FISHING INDUSTRY. Greece with its extended coastline has a fishing in- dustry of some considerable importance, not only along the shores but in the neighboring waters. The loeal fish- ermen dispose of their catch, consisting practically of tunny, sardine, mackerel, gudgeon, mullet, and smelt, in the coast towns, where it is consumed or else sent inland. Not only has Greece this deep-sea fishing, but the Government own about 75 fish-breeding ponds and fish areas located both in salt and fresh water. The revenue derived from the exploitation of the Government fish- ing grounds during the ten-year’ period ending 1913 amounted to approximately 2,000,000 dr. The Gov- ernment privilege for the ten-year period ending 1924 will net 5,000,000 dr. Before 1911 the Greek fishing industry was conduet- ed in a most unsatisfactory manner, but sinee the ereation of a Bureau of Fisheries in that year under the Minister of National Economy appreciable i improve- ments have been made. Fish conservation and better methods of fishing have been introduced, while Gov- ernment inspection of the native fisheries is obligatory. «& CANADIAN FISHERMAN ed ae Noone eae showing the extent American fisheries. It says: | : ‘The total value of the American fish crop, i ing Alaska and the insular possessions, is pr $150,000,000 at the present time, though the 1 ficial figures representing the output prior to vance in prices resulting from the war seems | ify an estimate of approximately $150,000,000, © pared with $40,000,000 * as the value of the of Canada; Great Britain, $52,000,000; F 000,000 ; Russia (in 1911) $50,000,000; Ge: 000,000; Scandinavian States, $25,000,000, $50, 000, 000. “Th Europe, as a whole, the recorded fish e : the latest available year is $225,000,000; for N America (United States, Canada and Newfoun¢ $175,000,000, and Japan, $50,000,000, making the for the countries supplying official figures $450, 000. For the remainder of the world, Asia, © South, and Central America, Australia, and the of the Pacific, there are only estimates, but 1 timates bring ‘the total of the world’s fish ¢ place where taken from the seas at above 4 exceed a billion dollars per annum. “ lle a regatta is held, and substantial prizes ered, it will be beneficial in the way of stimulating healthy rivalry between the various fishing districts, encouraging the construction of improved types of vessels and boats. Moreover, the fishermen from ‘different parts would be brought together, and given € = opportunity to swap experiences, and compare tes on different methods of catching fish and curing em. And probably the Department of Fisheries would consider it a good opportunity to send experts ecture on the fisheries, and give demonstrations of methods of curing fish. The same development ld probably take place on the Great Lakes and on ifie coast. Dominion and the Provincial Governments ery well be asked to make grants for prizes to attract a large attendance at the pro- @. Rise OO ez —————S—S==_==_——_=——— Fae &, FISHERMAN 195 SOE RY \/ see. SALVO) Vessel Race Interest Awakening in Scheme.—Some Old Wind Jammer Records. By COLIN McKAY. posed annual regattas. At present they vote large sums to encourage agricultural exhibitions, and tens of thousands of government money go into the farm- ers’ pockets in the form of prizes. Why shouldn’t the fishermen have similar encouragement? Of course at these events provision would be made for races be- tween all kinds of craft from Grand Bankers to motor boats. The ‘‘St. John Globe’’, one of the leading dailies of the Maritimes, says : SPORT AND BUSINESS. ‘One of the developments of the ambitious sugges- tions of a Canadian challenge for the America’s Cup has been a proposal for an international fishermen’s race. The suggestion has created far greater interest and enthusiasm, at least in the Maritime Provinces, than has been aroused by the larger project, which presents in its successful carrying out many diffieul- ties and promises no greater return than sentimental victory in a race that is the sport of millionaires and has no practical value. In commenting on the sugges- tion of fishermen’s race, the Moncton Transcript makes some comments which are of business interest to- St. John : The idea of an international fishermen’s race has been received with an enthusiasm in Nova Scotia whieh finds no echo in this provinee. Now it is suggested that Nova Scotia should take the lead in establishing an annual regatta, open to the fishermen of Eastern Canada. This looks like a good idea. More rivalry between the provinces and the various fishing commu- nities of a character calculated to encourage and im- prove the building of fishing boats would probably have a good effect. Bringing representative fisher- men together at an annual regatta would spread new ideas and methods and help the general development of the fisheries. . New Brunswick has few, if any, fishing vessels that could give a race to the larger type of Nova Scotia fishing vessel employed for trips to the Grand Banks. This is hardly to our credit, considering the shipbuild- ing reputation of this province in the past. It prob- ably, also, indicates a lack of enterprise in developing our fisheries.* Why should Digby be an important fishing port, while St. John and ports in Charlotte county which are nearly as close to the fishing grounds and nearer the Canadian markets have practically no deep sea fishermen. Should the discussion of the race project result only in developing keener thought of the questions the Transcript raises the discussion must be beneficial. In consideration of industrial development plans, the question are we making the most possible out of the 196 fisheries which are at our doors must always be before St. John. To do so is of far more importance than to eapture the America’s Cup or to win a place in an in- ternational fishermen’s race.’’ According to the ‘‘Halifax Herald’’ sportsmen are as keenly interested in the proposal for an ocean race as fishermen, holding that it is more of a sporting pro- position than cup-racing under present rules and con- ditions. It is claimed that the typical deapsea fishing vessel could run away from the cup racers in any kind of a breeze with a stout sea running; and it is argued that in addition to being a good-international sporting proposition an acean race between fisher- men, pilot boats, or any other commercial craft that might chose to enter, would be interesting and valu- able from the practical standpoint. On the other hand, it is not easy to fathom the practical value of the modern cup races. The evolution of these expensive racing machines has had little or no influence upon marine architecture. Even the flying machine has its commercial uses, but the modern racing machines pro- vide a few days entertainment for millionaires, and thereafter are usually sent to the scrap heap. The statement attributed to Mr. A. C. Ross that the mo- dern cup racers are similar in design to fishing vessels is beside the mark. The fishing vessel’s under body is somewhat similar in design to the early cup racers, but rather different from the latest freaks. In any case the cup racing machines are not good seaboats, as the fishing vessels must be; they have solved no pro- blem in the making of seaworthy craft; and except in very light winds they have not solved any problems of speed under sail. The best speed credited to the cup racers is fourteen knots, and that in racing trim and only for short spurts. Often fishing vessels do better than that, and even merchant shops, built for cargo carrying, often show a better speed. Other yachts have made better speed records than the cup racer. The British schooner yacht ‘‘Rain- bow’”’ travelled 60 miles in four hours, and for a time logged 1614 knots. But she was a much bigger craft than the cup racers. When we consider the records of the old _ clipper ships, built for commercial purposes and sometimes paying for themselves in a single voyage, the question poses itself: Why doesn’t some modern millionaire build a racer on the same lines and of the same size, and show yachtsmen something about the real possi- bilities of speed. The clipper ‘‘Lightning’’ ran 436 nautical miles in twenty-four hours; the ‘‘Sovereign of the Seas’’, 424 The ‘‘Donald McKay’’, 421, and the ‘‘James Baines’’, 420. The best day’s run recorded for a cup racer is that of the ‘‘ Vigilant’’—255 miles. Whereas the ‘‘Lightning’’ averaged 1814 knots for a day’s run, the cup racer averaged only 10.62 knots. It is fitting that the Maritime should challenge ‘America to an ocean race, for Maritime men were as- sociated with the greatest triumphs of the sailing ship in the epic days of the clippers. The biggest and fast- est of the American clippers were designed and built by a native of Nova Scotia. Donald MeKay. When the ‘‘Lightning’’ made her famour day’s run, she was in command of Capt. James N. Forbes, who had made a name for himself as commander of the ‘‘Mareo Polo’, the most famous clipper built in St. John, N. B. But on this voyage Forbes was accompanied by a brother of the builder, Capt. Lanchlan MeKay, who had made some remarkable voyages in the ‘‘Sovereign of the Seas’’, and whose giant clipper ‘‘Great Re- CANADIAN FISHERMAN public’? had but recently been nearly destroyed by Bros September, I fire at New York. In the hands of these two noted skippers the ‘‘Lightning’’-developed her best speed and earned the distinction of leaving in her wake — more miles of salt water in twenty-four hours than any other sailing ship that ever ploughed the seas. She left Boston in February 1854, bound to Liverpool, where she had been sold to James Baine’s Australia a Black Ball Line, and when near the Irish coat m: + her great noon to noon run in a gale of wind. As she carried away several sails during this time, and d not have all the wind she needed during the first part of the day, she evidently at times must have tra- velled through the water at a greater rate than 18% knots. On a record voyage from Melbourne to Liver- pool, the ‘‘Lightning’’, being well ballasted with $5, 000,000 in gold nuggets and dust, ran 3,722 mil eleven consecutive days; making 412 miles in one Forbes in the ‘‘Marco Polo’’, the first clipper to en the Australian trade, had set the pace over the ocean race course between Liverpool and Mell but though he made better voyages in the ‘‘Ligh he never equalled the Jamés Baine’s record of | for the outward voyage. The ‘‘Baines’’ was bv b Donald McKay, and was about five hundred tor larger than the ‘‘Lightning’’. On June 18, 18 entry was made in her logbook stating that log was hove the ship was going through the at the rate of 21 knots. She was then owned in L pool and commanded by a British master. - In later years British clippers made voyages qu as remarkable as those of the American built elip But the British clippers were smaller craft, lo narrow, and could not stand up to heavy weath the broad-beamed American clippers. The | clipper ‘‘Thermopylae’’ duplicated tlte ‘‘James nes’’ run from Liverpool-to Melbourne of 63° while the ‘‘Baines’’ registered over 2,500 ton British clipper was only a 1,000 tons. The British pers were unrivalled in moderate weather, but Manny once wrote that the ‘‘Great Republic” found wind enough on the ocean to bring out pabilities, the ‘‘Donald MceKay’’, the next larges American clipper, made her best day’s run in a hur- ricane that wrought havoe with many ships. =~ ASSISTANT INSPECTOR J. A. MOTHERW The Logical Successor to the Chief Inspector When the Hon. C. C. Ballantyne, Minister o and Fisheries, was in Vancouver he strongly that upon the retirement of Col. F. H. Cunnin; from the Chief Inspectorship of the Dominion F; ies for British Columbia, the office would be from within the ranks, and it is unofficially w stood that this would mean the promotion of Mr. J. A Motherwell, who at present is Assistant Inspector. - Mr. Motherwell joined the department in the Sprir 1914 at New Westminster where he still resid served overseas with the 13lst regiment, whie joined as a lieutenant and rose to the rank of M He was severely wounded in action. : Mr. Motherwell has made a most excellent recor in his present position, and is well liked and respecte by all who have had oceasion to come in contact wit and canners. His record as a hard working official is well known, and his understanding of the problem affecting the industry at the present time we him for the higher position, Buenos Aires, July 5, 1920.—In view of the interest which packers of fish are now showing in foreign markets as an additional outlet for their products, some information on Argentina as a market for Canadian fish products will doubtless be of interest. This Re- public has always been a large importer of dry-salted fish and canned fish products, imports under these heads having steadily risen in pre-war years to a total of 14,000,000 kilogrammes, this figure represent- __ ing the importation during the last of the pre-war years, 1913. Difficulties in obtaining supplies, consequent on war-time conditions, reduced imports during suc- ceeding years to the following figures :— Years. Kilogrammes. * 1914 .. 10,101,720 a 8,929,652 1916 .. 7,335,145 1917 . 5,587,884 1918 . 3,724,360 After the Armistice imports began to increase, and _ although the figures for all of 1919 are not yet avail- able, the imports for the first half of that year (2,- 213,925 kilogrammes) indicate that the trade is recover- ing, and information gathered from other sources jus- tifies the belief that before long Argentina will be purchasing dry-salted fish and canned fish products _ to the same extent as formerly. The classes of fish products consumed locally which ean be supplied by Canadian packers and curers are CANADIAN FISHERMAN 197 Market for Fish Products in Argentina Trade Commissioner B. 8S. WEBB. outlet for fish products can be secured if a determined effort is made. Value of Argentine Market. The appended figures, extracted from the official publications, show the importation into Argentina of dry-salted and canned fish products during 1913 and subsequent years. It should be noted that the item ‘Fish in Pickle and Pressed’’ ineludes sardines in bulk, the packing of which is referred to elsewhere in this report. Canned salmon and lobster is doubtless ineluded under the heading ‘‘Conserved fish in tins,”’ together with any other canned fish product not speci- ally mentioned. Countries of Origin. The principal countries of origin of the several kinds of canned fish imported into the Republic is shown below, the figures quoted being those relating to im- ports during 1913, which has been selected for the purpose of comparison as being a normal year:— Sardines— Kilogrammes. BGA MMPOFER ok Soares Tee 4,984,616 BSE So are apa Weep ey 3,198,313 MOP WAY Eo ora tne eee Be Ree dis’ os 1,041,194 Portugal. ss ee a 248,000 PANOO Marae, ea 6 eo 223,093 Codfish, whole— TOT DOr a. keke 9,335,739 dry-salted codfish, canned salmon and lobster, sar- Norway .. .. ay 3,648,328 dines in oil, and oysters. There is also a smuller de- United Kingdom oh Hevinas Aas ae 1,078,888 mand for salted herrings and smoked herrings. Other MR ata a. oe eS 460,453 kinds of canned fish products can also be sold in United States .. .. . eae au 35,995 this market. Fish, in pickle and pressed _ That Canadian fish products are readily saleable on Total imports .. nt 1,383,653 this market has been proved by the results obtained tid from the few direct shipments which have been made, Ri ea ses. ee 785,883 and there ean be no doubt that a large and permanent Holland . 206,178 a Half of 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Kilos Kilos Kilos Kilos Kilos Kilos _ Sardines in oil .. . 2,629,193 2,592,985 3,163,816 1,861,349 1,418,641 970,572 Codfish whole .. .. . 4,455,396 3,788,563 2,085,448 1,872,347 615,627 611,800 _ Fish in piekle and pressed . 1,363,396 1,204,145 909,162 1,100,570 833,411 280,630 - Conserved fish in tins .. . 947,275 696,987 798,224 435,083 647,258 221.735 Anchovies in pickle ys 73,600 84,423 72,701 111,230 78,527 88,244 errings, smoked, in cases .. 58,995 52,465 25,104 570 seer 2 ORE Codfish, cut . i 180,337 181,356 132,949 62,329 7,128 6,620 Herrings, smoked, in Kegs - 840 6,624 2,016 507 60 1.996 ‘Stockfish .. 248,685 260,348 66,890 45,144 15138 EE 50:0 See ae gee 143,738 61,756 128,835 98,825 96,698 12.693 10,101,720 8,929,652 7,335,145 5,587,904 3,724,360 2,203,925 198 Germany .. . 190,494 Tally. io. 0. se ee ae 154,074 Conserved fish in tins— - Total imports: .~ rigusaes 1,421,712 Span cis c4 3° ete 447,277 DOOLY ce a's ee Rares 408,771 United Kingdom .. . 204,978 United States .. .. .. .. 149,926 . France .. .. 90,623 Canada .. Ar Weare 2 a 72,384 Anchovies in pickle— BOLAL YINDOLtS: Sass ome ete ie 77,897 Italy .. 43,139 SPAIN fi gare ce ky Memes 34,718 Herrings, smoked, in cans— Wotal Imports. 306 3 85,539 United Kingdom .. 79,129 Germany .. 3,778 LU eens qe: 1,980 Codfish, cut— Total imports . 297,807 EIU MAY cae coral a eee et 208,140 MGrMany, esses 74,416 United Kingdo Sean Ph hCmreneaare: 5,688 Herrings, smoked, in kegs— Total imports . 20 Hollatige Seis ern 20 Stockfish— LAL TIBOR cil eee ey ae Rn ee 278,773 ONW AN raed tea es 203,732 MROPMNENY: ene es ee coe ek 42,833 a eee 14,529 Oysters— Total imports .. .. 212,810 United States .. 98,065 Detail of Imports. The statistics of imports of canned fish reproduced above, while valuable as showing the purchasing power of the Republic, countries of origin, ete.. do not fur- nish exporters with information regarding certain classes of canned fish which ean he exported from the Dominion on a large scale; salmon and lobster, for example, are not mentioned. In order to ascertain just what are the classes of canned fish imported in- to the Republic, a careful examination has been made of the manifests of every ship entering the porte of Buenos Aires from January 1 to June 30 of the cur- ‘rent year. The information thus obtained, supplement- ed by indieations received from importers, justifies the estimate that the imports of the several classes of “yaa fish for the current year will be approxim- ately :— Sardines in oil, tins of 150 to 500 grammes (cases) ee Pe er Codfish, in boxes of 100 Ibs. (DOMES) =)... ee 97800 Herrings salted in barrels or in cans (pack- ORCS) x55. Ate 47,670 MORNOU AROMERR OS. oy ce ae 29,950 Stoek fish, boxes 40 to 50 Kg. (boxes) .. .. 14,860 Pressed sardines, small drums (drums) .. .. 6,900 Lobster (cases) .. ., 6,440 CANADIAN. FISHERMAN Herrings, smoked, in tins (eases) .. .. .. .. iinry- sigh “(Cases ) : {eee ella Oysters .Ceases):.... . vison ema oa Chicken haddies (cases) ..... cee sss .. °, The quantities imported during the six months question came to the order of 225 consignees in all, most of whom are wholesale grocers; certain quan-— tities came to the order of general merchants and ex- — port trading companies, whilst a few cases were sent to the order of commission agents. Packing. a From inspections of wholesale grocers’ showre and in response to inquiries, the following inform regarding packing has been obtained :— ma Sardines in tins range in size from 150 gr to 500 grammes (28 grammes=1 ounce). most sold is the 180 to 200- grammes size. of Spanish sardines usually contains 40 tins, | wegian packers are using a case containing — and this is now the most popular sized case. seven-ounce tins and 100 tins to a case is tl the most suitable style of packing for sardines. The Norwegian method of lithographing sar instead of labelling them has much to comm When labels are used, considerable trouble can.be caused by leakage of oil from a blo in fact one blown can may damage the labels contents of the whole case. The key opener tached to the bottom of the can by means of a clip, fastened with a drop of solder, and the packed tightly into a close-fitting case. — Codfish, whole, dry, salted, comes in tin-lined containing 45 to 50 kilogrammes. A small percenta of the imports relate to cut, dry-salted codfish ; fish is bound, put into oblong pieces, and packed hermetically sealed tin boxes containing 10 : 20 kg. Salted herrings are packed in barrels, 60, 120 ; fish to a barrel, and also in tins of 12, 24, and 50: fis packed in cases containing 56, 24 and 12 tins resp tively. AG Salmon ‘was sold-before the war in 1-pom but the demand now is almost entirely for 1 flats; 48 tins go to a ease. : Stockfish arrives in tin-lined Wooden cases ing 45 to 50 kilogrammes. eo Sardines, x Pressed sardines are sold by weight in the stores. They are packed in small wooden kegs twelve inches in height and some eight or nine cumference. Similar-sized tins are also used tainers. The fish are laid in the tin with the tails ec verging to the centre and the heads pointing t the outer edge. Each keg or tin carries from 500 fish with a sprinkling of tomato paste or Lobster. act Lobster is sold in %-pound and 1-pound fla’ 1-pound tins and 96 14%4-pound tins to a case. Smoked herrings come in tins of 12, 24 and 50 packed in eases containing 56, 24 and 12 tins res: ively. Labelling of Cans. Bs It is stated elsewhere that sardines can be shipped — without any adhesive label, but the lithographing or the tin should approximate to the subjoined sugges- tions for the labelling of other fish products: An a traetively-coloured lithographed label should be 4 carrying an illustration of the contents of the can, ‘cosmopolitan country such as this a verbal descrip- tion of the contents does not convey so clear an idea a pictorial representation. The descriptive matter, any, should be in Spanish and the words ‘‘El Cana- ” or ‘‘Canadiense’’ should be given prominence if yossible. In addition to the lithographed label a small nted label should be attached to the top or bottom each can, bearing the words, in English: ‘‘Packed Canada, net weight of contents. ...grammes.’’ This it is essential. Selling Connections. Exporters of fish can hardly expect to establish siness relations with importers; their competitors in other countries are approaching the wholesale grocers, who are the importers of fish products, through local representatives, and Canadian exporters must place _ themselves on a parity with their competitors in this respect if any large volume of trade is to be secured. it is not always easy for an exporter to get into touch vith a suitable local agent, but there are a number of English-speaking manufacturers’ representatives en- aged in calling on the wholesale grocery trade, and services of this office are available to exporters ho desire to form a local connection. Perhaps the way to initiate export business to Argentina is for exporter to send down a small shipment to a local agent dn consignment, thus enabling him to place a certain number of cases with each wholesale house, also on consignment. If and when these cases are dis- posed of, the agent would solicit signed orders which would be forwarded to the exporter, together with bank references and information on the financial st g of the importer. Goods should be invoiced direct to the importer in Canadian dollars, and docu- ments would be forwarded through a Canadian bank for delivery to the customer with a sight draft or 90 days’ draft attached as the case might be. Now that ocean freight rates are readily obtainable in Canada, only ¢.i.f. prices should be quoted. “e Import Regulations. _ The Argentine authority charged with the duty of inspecting food products imported for consumption is the ‘‘Departmento Nacional de Higiene’’. This de- partment formulated a set of internal regulations which were sanctioned in 1914, and these regulations are sup- ‘posed to be in foree to-day. They provide for the ins- etion of consignments of fish products imported for consumption. A permit for entry is required, which is only granted after inspection. Should there exist iny doubt or suspicion of decomposition, samples are extracted and submitted to analysis. The inspection nd analysis being favourable, a ‘‘suitable for con- -sumption’’ certificate is issued, without the presenta- tion of which the customs authorities will not permit ‘entry of any consignment of food products. The try is prohibited of any consignment found not to -in a good state of preservation, to contain colouring matter, antiseptics, or other substances considered noxious to the health. Some of the more important tions are reproduced below :— Art. 343.—The packing labels of products introduced to the country must indicate clearly the nature and ‘ight in kilogrammes of the product, manufacturer and origin, and if required the date of manufacture. _ Art. 344.—The weight expressed on the label must be the net weight of the contents. t. 345.—The tin or other metal cans used in the vation of the product must be tinned inside with n. The tin used for this purpose must be uni- d must not contain any cohesive solution, so aa “5 . tandain CANADIAN FISHERMAN 199 ‘as to permit of the proper preservation of the product. The metal employed in the interior solderings of the cans must also be of the best quality. Art. 346.—Fine tin will be considered as that which does not contain more than 1 per cent. of lead, nor more than five milligrammes of aresenie or antimony. Art. 347.—Metal recipients or other materials used in the preparation, preservation, or transport of ali- mentary substances, must be such as will not be shown by analysis to contain any substances considered noxious to the health. Art. 348.—Cans which show signs of having been opened, or of the contents having been re-sterilized, as can be detected by the solder marks and the organ- oleptic character of the contents, will be immediately rejected. Art. 349.—Tins or wrappings which show signs of having been opened or manipulated for the purpose of modifying, altering or prolonging the conservation of the product, will be immediately rejected. Art. 350.—Tins with pierced lids, caused by decom- position or production of gases inside the tin, will be rejected in the same manner, as the lids should either be flat or offer a concave surface caused by the vacuum produced during the sterlization. In the ease of bottles or other recipients there should be not formation of gases or other change noticeable or otherwise they will be rejected. Art. 351.—Any other accessory which is used in the manufacture for the security or protection of the con- _ serves and which comes into contact with them must not contain any substance considered noxious to the health. Art. 352.—In the wrappings, such as tin foil, paper, cloth or any other covering which serves as a protec- tion and which adheres to the product must not con- tain any noxious substance, nor colouring matter of mineral or coal tar origin. Art. 353.—Foodstuffs, whether in tins or not, must present all the organoleptic properties corresponding to a wholesome state of preseryation and must not contain any substances capable of: diminishing the nu- tritive value of the product or antiseptic or colouring matter or chemical product. Art. 354.—Where the contents of the can are liable to decomposure after having been opened and exposed to the air, it is compulsory to indicate, by means of a small label, that the product is for immediate con- sumption, Art. 355.—Common salt, vinegar, oil, dripping, sugar or vegetable condiments, as well as chareoal utilized in the preservation of alimentary products, must not con- tain any impurities which might cause decomposition. Art, 356.—The preservatives and antiseptic substan- ces prohibited in the elaboration of alimentary pro- duets are the following :— Borie acid and borates. Hydroflorie acid and its salts, Salicilie acid and its salts, Benzoie acid and its salts, Sacharine or other eduleolouring matters. Mineral or artificial colouring matter used in ex- ternal wrappings and whieh comes into contact with the alimentary products. Art. 329.—If within four days after having been de- clared unfit for consumption, the alimentary product should not have been re-embarked, the custom house authorities shall proceed to destroy same by burning. _ Art. 330.—In case a consignment should be found to be partially in the conditions expressed in Article 328, 200 entry will be permitted only of such products as have been found to be wholesome, the separation of which must be effected by the interested party in the pre- sence of the officials nominated for the purpose. Should it not be convenient to the interested party to follow this course on account of the interested party to follow this course on account of the large percentage of goods affected, the whole consignment will then be destroyed. "The internal regulations quoted above, however, are not being enforced in their entirety. In practice it is sufficient that a consignment of canned fish should present a wholesome appearance and not contain co- louring matter or preservatives, that the net contents in grammes should be stated, and that there should not be a second blowhole in a can. A second blow- hole in.a ean is to be avoided, as the health authorities are inclined to regard this as a sign of decomposition and subsequent resterilization. Explanations have been offered tending to demonstrate that a second blowhole is not necessarily a consequence of resterilization, but CANADIAN FISHEKMAN September, 1920 i the authorities still regard consignments containing such cans with suspicion. ? et The municipality of the city of Buenos Aires has re cently been actively pursuing a ‘‘ pure food’’ campaign. It has recently sanctioned a new ordinance regulat ing the sale of preserved vegetables and foodstuffs This ordinance does not as yet apply to canned fish produets, but it is expected that its scope will be ex tended to include all preserved foodstuffs. Under the provisions of this ordinance the class of oil used ir contents will have to be clearly stated, also the m weight of contents in grammes. Copies of the Na Department of Health Internal Regulations and the new ordinance of the municipality of Buenos Aires regulating the sale of preserved vegetables and food- stuffs can be consulted at the Commercial Intelfiger Branch, Department of Trade and Commerce, Ottawa, reference file No. T.C.-1-104. in a The names and addresses of 150 Argentine importe of canned fish can also be had on application to the Commercial Intelligence Branch, file No. T.C.-1-104. ba “Ay. Standardization and Inspection of Fish : Products Calls for Technical Education . By COLIN MeKAY Mr. H. B. Short’s paper on ‘‘The Necessity for the Standardization and Inspection of our Fish and Fish produets’’ read before The Canadian Fisheries’ Con- vention, presents the case in a very strong light, and evidently it was merely his intention to emphasize the more cogent arguments—not to canvas all aspects of the question. But it may serve a purpose to consider the reasons or excuses which have been urged in op- position to government inspection and branding of fish offered for sale and Natural conservatism is not the only cause of opposition. It might be argued that in this matter the Fisheries Association is to some extent putting the cart before the horse. To be of general value a government inspection system pre- supposes a sufficiency of trained men in the industry to eure and pack fish so that they will measure up to the standards that may be set by the government ins- pectors. Is that the case ? Mr. Short points out that the Canadian cured product does not command as good prices as do the products of some other coun- ‘tries. Is this fact due to mere carelessness or short sightedness on the part of those engaged in industry? Or is it because they do not have the knowledge and experience, the technical training, necessary to cure and pack fish so as to assure a produet equal in qua- lity to that of other countries? There is evidently some- thing in the latter view. It is signifieant that while the larger firms who dispose of the services of train- ed men are strongly in favor of Government inspec- tion. The smaller concerns and fisheries generally are lukewarm or opposed. That also may explain the feeling that the larve concerns are trying to put some- thing over those who have no special facilities or qua- lifieations for putting up a superior product. This is probably a short sighted view, for in any case the con- cerns that put up a superior product tend to get cream of the trade. And in the long run perhaps big concerns stand to lose by standardization, ‘rela-— tively to the small concerns which do not dispose equal technical skill, though the industry as a w stands to gain by a general improvement of the qua- lity of the product. But this brings us to the point that standardization, and the general packing up of the quality of the pro-_ duct, is not a simple matter of having government of- ficials inspect and certify certain standards. That may be the case in those branches of the fishe which have been thoroughly industrialized—the e: ning of sardines or salmon, for instance, where t operatives, are more or less experts, or the proce themselves guarantee standard products. But the herring and other fisheries are not thoroughly indus trialized; a large part of the catch is cured by th fishermen themselves or people who do not profess to be experts. And in general they are not familiar wi the special treatment necessary to create a favorable impression and command good prices in a particu market. Many wholsale houses have to re-treat or pack many fish sent in from the out-ports, and eve under a system if inspection it may still be desir. to do this, but probably one object of standardization is to eliminate the duplication of work. Government ins- pection is not, however, calculated of itself to achie' the desired results; an essential condition is t spreads of greater technical knowledge and skill in the treatment of fish than at present obtains among th fishing population. In other words, the government and the fishing interests should make provision for the technical training of those engaged in the industry if they want the policy of standardization and in pection to work out successfully, es ¥ 1 “CANADIAN FISHERMAN 201 Prince Edward Island Notes By PAUL. : ° a Kno wal The Lobster Industry. The Lobster Industry has not been a very profitable siness for the packers this past season. The quantity ong the Gulf shore was plentiful and the fishermen btained about the highest figure per hundred ever tained, but many packers, holding back for higher prices, although being offered in the early part of e season a respectable figure, are now deploring the fact that the ‘‘bottom is out of the Lobster Busiriess’’. What effect will this have for the Lobster Packing Industry for the season of 1921, is hard to conjecture. p to now, many of the smaller packers are offering eir establishments for sale. Along the North Shore, - eastern part of P. E. L., it is expected that many fac- tories will exchange hands. All along the shore, this about the result: Packers who contracted for the sale of their output in early spring, came on top, those who had to run the gauntlet of the market, suffered. Fishermen, on the whole, fared well. The Royal Commission, after having taken evidence in the Maritime Provinces, have found out that the bster Industry has slowly but steadily declined. ‘The fact is deplorable. With the adverse condition the market and the decline of fish, would it not be well to remove all restrictions on lobsters and allow shermen all privileges in fishing? The saving to the country, by curtailing the patrol boats and a number useless officers, would be large. After all said d done, the Almighty placed the fish in the sea for the use of man, and why figure-heads, who do not know the first principle of fishing or cannot even _ tell a lobster from a crab, should be making laws to _ prohibit the poor man from helping himself to what _ God has placed at his disposal, is beyond comprehen- sion. The sooner the foolish laws are removed for Lobster fishing, the sooner will lobster be in abundance on our shores, with a better pack and better quality. The Cod-Fish Market. The bottom seems to be out of the Cod-fish market also. Unlike the lobster, few Cod-fish have been caught this year, compared to former years, as few fishermen are after the cod owing to the low price offered. It is said that the ‘‘nigger’’ of the West Indies, when poor, bought plentifully of our dry cod, t since he became rich, by the cultivation of the sugar cane, which commodity has soared to the seventh heaven in price, he ‘‘am going to eat what the white ‘man eats.’’ No more cod-fish for the colored mai _ while sugar sells at 281% per lb. Mackerel Fishing. Mackerel fishing has been poor all along the north shore of P. E. I. Price for the salted mackerel good on the American market. The canned mack- which is fast becoming an article of relish, taking place, in many cases, to the famous canned salmon, being offered at extremely low price per case, com- ing the quality and grade of fish. All the foreign mpanies, who have operated fish industries on the land, have always found out our fish an excellent e of food and get a ready market for all placed for sale, due to the salty brine of the Gulf and the ex: cellent manner fish is being cured by our fishermen. Let us hope, that although the fishing industry, this year, has not been as prosperous as last, that very soon, will see good prices for all kinds of fish, and a very brisk market, so that our fishermen may be able to compete, in their ealling, with the husbandman or the mechanic, in making a respectable income, ROUMANIAN MARKET FOR FISH FROM CANADA. Many Canadian fish exporters have been enquiring about market conditions in the Balkan countries. In this connection the following extract from a letter re- ceived from Mr. L. D. Wildgress, Canadian Trade Com- missioner in Bucharest, Roumania, may be of consider- able interest. The letter has particular reference to smoked herrings, but the same conditions apply to all fish imports : 2 ‘“‘T have received your letter of the 8th ultimo, file No. 25632, with regard to smoked herring, and have seen several of the principal importers of food -pro- ducts into Roumania. While they are all interested in the possibility of obtaining supplies of smoked her- ring from Canada, the difficulty at the present time is in regard to terms of payment, and the unfavor- able rate of exchange. “All the firms interviewed stated that Canadian fish exporters in order to do business with this market would have to quote e. i. f. Roumanian port and in view of the uncertain deliveries from North America payment would have to be against arrival of the goods at Roumanian port. They stated that the price at which the herrings, were offered was not high, but that the present rate of exchange precluded business on the term mentioned.”’ Market conditions in other countries of South East Europe are about the same as in Roumania. Reports are being secured from Jugo-Slavia and Bulgaria. MORE CARS AT PRINCE RUPERT. During the first part of September, the supply of refrigerator ears for the handling of fish out of Prince Rupert was much better than for some time previous. The result has been that more halibut has been de- livered to the Northern port than was the case during August. In one or two cases some of the American boats thought they would go fo Seattle as the price was not to their liking at Prince Rupert, but Seattle buyers took advantage of the situation, and the re- sult was the price received at Seattle was much lower than at Prince Rupert, which made the trip South for the fisherman rather a loosing proposition. TARIFF QUESTIONS ARE NOW LOOMING UP LARGELY IN THE POLITICAL AND ECONOMICAL HORIZON. DO YOU BELIEVE IN PROTECTION FOR CANADIAN FISH PRODUCERS OR DO YoU ADVOCATE REMOVAL OF ALL BARRIERS ? WRITE AND GIVE US YOUR VIEWS. bo oO to CANADIAN FISHERMAN September, 1920 “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. for publication. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. PACIFIC COAST SECTION RIVERS INLET SALMON PACK GOOD. Up to the end of July approximately 132,700 cases of salmon had been packed on Rivers Inlet, British Columbia. Of this quantity about 90 per cent. were sockéye. So far the Rivers Inlet pack of salmon is greatly in excess of the packs of 1919, 1918, 1917 and 1916; and there is a possibility that the record of 146,838 cases, established in 1915, may be equalled or even passed. In addition to this quantity put up at Rivers Inlet it is estimated that approximately 10,000 cases have been taken away in a raw state to be packed elsewhere. The season has been a most pros- perous one for fishermen in this area. MR. FOUND SAYS PACIFIC FISHERIES IN GOOD SHAPE. ‘On the whole the condition of the salmon fishery on the Western coast is entirely satisfactory,’’ says Mr. W. A. Found, Assistant Deputy Minister of Fish- eries, who has recently returned after a prolonged in- spection trip. ‘‘The run to the Fraser, while com- paratively small, is considerably larger than was an- ticipated, but this river can never be brought back to its maximum of productivity until some inter- national agreement for its protection has been econsum- mateéd,”’ The run of sockeye in the different areas, says Mr. Found, is quite good. Smiths Inlet and Rivers In- let had splendid runs, and the run of sockeye in the Skeena, now the most important salmon fishing area in the province, is considerably better than in 1915 or 1916, which were the eyeles of production corres- ponding with this year’s run, The Naas Alone is not showing the sign of improvement that is desired, but effective steps for its further protection have been taken. While the demand for the red salmon is greater than the supply, Mr. Found says there is unfortunately no like demand for the paler colored grades, and there is no justifieation from the standpoints of food value and delicateability for the great diserepaney in prices existing between the red and the fall varieties of the 4 be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- 4 We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable a ’ Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd. 528 . 4 — a b 3 paler colored. This lack of demand for the paler 4 colored grades is resulting in a comparatively small 4 back of these, and as the fish die after going from 3 the spawning grounds, it seems desirable that a pro- 1 per proportion of them should be utilized as food. Regarding the new policy of administration, which became effective on the West coast this year, Mr. Found says it is giving general satisfaction, and the appre- hension that was urged at the time it was adopted, — that it would result in depleting the fisheries, has been shown to be without foundation. ae The administration of the Fisheries Service on the — whole coast is in a splendid condition. The laws are — being well enforced by capable and energetic local — Officers. Apart from the halibut fishery Mr. Found — says there is not yet the development of the deep- < sea fisheries that is desired. There are in the Pacifie — waters several varieties of excellent food fish, inelud- ing the true cod, and different specimens of the so- — ealled cod, as well as sole, plaice, brill and other flat — fish. These, he declares, will one day form the raw — material for a large steam trawling industry, and all — that is preventing development now is the lack of ‘la realization on the part of the people of this country and this continent of the excellence of these varieties of sea food, both as regards their nutritious elements — and tastiness. ’ Sie This lack of development, however, does not apply to pilehards. The excellence of this variety of sea food has created a strong demand. This phase of th fishing industry on the West coast is showing rapid — progress; the quantity being canned from year to — year is consistently increasing, and is becoming estab- lished as one of the most important lines. ea k . FRASER RIVER SALMON PACK WILL EXCEED — 1916. Sa The pack of salmon on the Fraser river this season, it seems likély, will exeeed that of 1916, which was the — hatehing year of this year’s run. ry Up to and ineluding August 6th, the pack was ap- proximately 36,000 cases, considerably ahead of the — 1916 pack at the corresponding date. There were 106,- — 440 cases put up in the season of 1916. CANADIAN INSPECTION OF CANNED FISH. One result of the visit of the heads of the Depart- ment of Fisheries to the Pacifie Coast is the assur- ance that an act.covering the inspection of canned fish will be enacted at an early date. Just what this act will consist of is not certain. A government inspec- tion of eanned fish will go a long way toward standard- zing the pack of salmon on the Pacifie Coast. Whether this is compulsory or not, such an act will be bound to have its effect on all the packers. It will result the buyers calling for government inspected packs "just as soon as they see that such packs are of stand- ard quality year after year. _ he writer believes that one thing should be done ~ in connection with such an inspection act. That is every eannery (not company, but each individual cannery) - should have some symbol which would be stamped to the top of every can that the cannery turns out. By so doing every can could be traced, should oe- easion arise to know where the fish were actually packed. The record of such symbols, besides being kept by the packer owning the cannery would also be kept in each branch of the fishery office, and at the department headquarters at Ottawa. Even though an aet was passed that did not include a compulsory clause, the moral effect such a marking would have, would assist greatly in keeping the quality of fish that goes into the can up to the mark. Both the United States and Canada have had poor packs during the past few years, and most packers have learned by experience that it does not pay to take chances and allow fish to go into cans that are not right for packing, and also to use greater care - in the processing of the fish. It has been somewhat of a costly lesson to some, and to most of the can- ners it has shown that co-operation is absolutely neces- sary in so far as getting together on the standardiza- tion of the packs. Just now it seems as though the fish paoskers are in the most favérable mood to get together on these important questions, and it is to be hoped that good results may be obtained from any 1ovement in this direction. of MR. w. A. FOUND GUEST OF HONOR AT LUNCH. _ EON GIVEN BY THE VANCOUVER BRANCH C.F.A. On August 18th, Mr. W. A. Found, Assistant Deputy Minister of Fisheries, was the guest of honor at a luncheon given in Hotel Barron by the Vancouver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association. _ There was a particularly large attendance of mem- bers, and from out of town there was a welcome guest in the person of Mr. T. H. Johnson, General Manager of the Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co. of Prince Rupert. Mr. Johnson is one of the British Columbia Directors of the C. F. A., and chairman of the Prince Rupert Braneh. _ Mr. Found assured the members present that the government would co-operate with those engaged in e fishing industry in preserving the product of the “industry in a proper manner, and aid in increasing the output through fish culture the same way the other array assist in inereasing the productivity of s. Mr. Found also said that the department was ready _ to assist in finding new and better markets for the products of the fisheries, and instructing in the pack- ‘ing and curing of fish. The guest of honor was very pleased at the reception given him and assured FISHERMAN 203 those present that the Canadian Fisheries Association had been of great assistance to the department, and that the officials were glad that such an association was active in assisting the industry. The department was most willing to co-operate with the association at all times. Mr. H. 8. Clements was also called upon for a few words. Mr. Johnson brought greetings from Prince Rupert, and assured those present that Prince Rupert was the great fishing port of the Pacific Coast. The Prince Rupert member is a most entertaining after dinner speaker. President Hagar brought up the subject of the as- sociation opposing the proposed increase in freight and express rates, which is referred to in another article. Vice President Burke, chairman of the Vancouver Branch presided. NORTHERN B, C. CANNERIES ARE CLOSING ‘ DOWN EARLY. Almost every boat from Northern B. C, points is bringing in the cannery workers from canneries which have closed down for the season. Very few are pack- ing chums to any extent this season, and some are putting up light packs of pinks, although a few can- neries are packing all they can. All the Rivers Inlet and Smith’s Inlet canneries have closed. The Naas River Canneries had a poor year, but the Skeena picked up some during the middle of August although the canneries did not-get the sockeyes they had hoped for. : SMOKED FISH FIRMS BURNED OUT. On August 19th a disastrous fire completely de- stroyed the plants of the Barelay Sound Fisheries, Ltd., and Charles Anderson Fish Curing Co., which adjoined each other. The fire originated in the plant of the Barclay Sound Fisheries Limited, and quickly spread to the Anderson plant. Both buildings were of wood and highly inflamable, and it was only a short time be- fore they were completely destroyed. The stock of the fish in the Barclay Sound Fisheries . a was insured and the building was partially in- sured. It is understood that both firms will rebuild at once. STOCKING JASPER PARK WITH GAME FISH. The waters of the Jasper Dominion Park have again been stocked from the Hatehery at Banff, Alberta, operated by the Fisheries Branch, Department of Mar- ine and Fisheries. Rainbow trout fingerlings on July 9th were planted-in Patricia Lake to the number of 10,000, Hibernia Lake 5,000 and Marjorie Lake 5,000. Salmon trout fingerlings were also planted in Pyra- © mid Lake to the number of 24,300. The matter of stocking the waters of our beautiful national park is in itself a splendid work of the Federal Hatcheries. VANCOUVER VISITORS. Mr. T. W. Johnson, General Manager of the Can- adian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Ltd., Prince Rupert spent a few days in Vancouver during the last of August. Mr. Geo. Beatty of the Nanaimo Fish and Cold Storage Co., Nanaimo, is a frequent visitor to his Van- couver friends, 204 HOLDING AND FEEDING OF YOUNG SALMON PROVES SUCCESSFUL. Recent reports in the daily papers of Seattle have shown an unusually heavy run of chinook (Spring) sal- mon on the Rogue, Alsea and Columbia Rivers. The peculiar aspect of the run is that they were all on at the end of the season. The early part of the season looked like an almost complete failure. This is appa- rently accounted for by the fact that it was late fish that were spawned and fed, and liberated late in the season, as the following report shows. The following report is from the officers of the FISH COMMISSION OF OREGON, and is in answer to a question put to the commission asking as to what is attributed the unusual large run of chinooks on the Rogue and Columbia Rivers this year: “The run of chinook salmon in the Rogue River this year is attributed to the fish which were held and fed in nursery ponds during the year of 1916. The Fish and Game Commission operated a hatchery which be- longed to the Macleay Estate Co. about four miles up the river from its mouth. In addition to the work of the Fish and Game Commission, the U, S. Bureau of Fisheries maintained two hatcheries on the same river located further up stream. One of them is known as the Applegate hatchery where only a limited number of chinooks were hatehed; and the other is the Elk Creek hatchery, located about sixty miles farther up stream. The run on the Rogue this season is the largest ever known, and the three canneries were literally swamp- ed with fish; a limit had to be placed on the number the cannery would receive from each boat,—the limit being placed at 600 Ibs. In a report from my deputy warden stationed at Gold Beach, he advised me that a boat load of fish could be taken by laying out less than one half of the net. The fish are splendid chinooks with a heavy oil or fat content, and are in prime con, dition. The run hung on until the season closed on the 25th, and my reports are to the effect that plenty of fish are still in the stream and that when the season opens on Sept. 10th the fishermen will have big catches until the season is again closed. I might say that on the Alsea River the fishermen had the best eatch of chinook salmon ever known in that stream. The fish coming into that stream were the product of the hatchery four years ago on the Al- sea when the first chinook salmon were held and fed. The feeding continued on the Rogue and Alsea until as late as the middle of August, when the fish were liberated. Perhaps you have noted the report of the pack on the Columbia River, where undoubtedly the largest pack of spring chinook was made since the history of eom- mercial fishery operations began in 1866. While there have been larger packs in one or two years in the past, these larger packs were composed of all grades and varieties. 90 per cent. of the pack this year could be graded as No. 1 Spring chinook,—a wonder- ful situation. While the complete figures are not available, it is fairly certain that the Columbia River Pack, up to August 25th, will go as high as 600,000 eases. Very few of the canneries will operate dur- ing the Fall season on aceount of the market eon- ditions for Fall fish.’’ To those who are interested in the holding and feed- ing of young salmon the above will be of great in- CANADIAN FISHERMAN September, 1920 terest. Great results-are bound to acerue from the 1920 run of springs on the Rogue and Columbia rivers, and without doubt the Dominion authorities will make a careful investigation of the entire situation as car- 73 ried out by the Oregon authorities. : — REAL RESULTS FORM THE RECENT CONVEN- TION OF THE CANADIAN FISHERIES ASSOCIATION. Readers of the FISHERMAN will note an article headed ‘“‘HOLDING AND FEEDING YOUNG SAL- — MON PROVES SUCCESSFUL.”’ This communication was addressed to the secretary of the Vancouver — branch of the C. F. A., and was transmitted by the secretary of the Association of Pacific Fisheries at om Seattle, Wash. Quite a few members of the C. F. A. attended the convention in Vancouver, and as a re- sult the two associations have come closer together than would have been possible but for the fact that the convention brought the members and secretaries into close personal touch. The result has been that several matters have been handled by correspondence since © the convention, and are still being handled. Another — thing is that visits have been made by those interest- ed in the rearing of young salmon to the Oregon hateh- ery at Bonneville, Ore., and much correspondence is being carried on which is bound to obtain better re- sults for Canada. Vv es cies Such results will repay the efforts put forth to make the conventions of the Canadian Fisheries Association a suecéss. ~ oes VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FISH MARKET. Loeal ling cod is bringing 10 to 13e per lb. The supply is not as large as it will be in another month. Silver Smelt are coming in regularly and are selling — at 12e. a There are some spring salmon coming in from the West coast, and these are selling at 15 to 18¢. per lb. dressed heads on. Cohoes are arriving in fine condi- tion and sell at 12 to 15e. dressed heads on. Be) Local soles are again on the market at 8e. per Ib. Point Grey herring are coming in regularly ard bring @. per Ib. Halibit was scarce for a time, and the price is still 18e per lb. for mediums. % FRASER RIVER CATCH GOOD. The run of sockeyes on the Fraser River was ex- ceptionally good for an off year, and the fishermen — made good money, This was accounted for by the — fact that it-has invariably been the rule that the run would inerease each year after a very light run — following the big run. This is the third year after the big run, The fishermen were the ones to benefit from extremely high prices this season, as they ree ceived as high as $1.10 per fish for each sockeye de- — livered to the eanneries. This means a high priced food product. Reports coming into the offices of the Dominion Fisheries Department are that the soek-— eyes are getting up to the spawning grounds in goodly numbers, and in fine condition. These reports show that the Hell’s Gate area is again in good shape to allow the fish free access to the up river spawning 7 beds. ; 4 CANADIAN September, 1920, VANCOUVER BRANCH OF THE C.F.A. STRONGLY OPPOSES PROPOSED ADVANCE IN FREIGHT : ‘AND EXPRESS RATES. During the luncheon given in honor of Mr. Found, the officials of the Vancouver branch of the C. F. A. took oceasion to get the opinion of the members pre- sent on the question of employing counsel to oppose the proposed advance in’ freight and express rates. President A. L. Hagar, of the C. F. A. warned the members that the fishing industry was going to get ‘‘soaked and soaked hard,’’ and that the indus- try could not stand the increases like some others. Some action had to be taken and taken right now. Mr. J. S. Eckman stated that owing to the hard sledding the fishing industry had experienced during the past few years it sliould not be included in the - inereased rates. Chairman F. E. Burke of the Van- - eouver branch while admitting the increases might be __~neeessary it was up to the commission to decide upon + which industries the increases should be imposed, and if any was applied on the fishing industry it should not be on the cheaper grades but on the more ex- pensive varieties. It was decided that the Vancouver branch should bear its share of the expense of em- ploying counsel to oppose the advance in rates as proposed. ALASKA PACKER’S ASSOCIATION PRICES FOR CANNED SALMON. -__-Vaneouver firms received the Alaska Packer’s quota- tions on Sept. 4th, which were as follows: Per Doz. ES OES Ge te pI watered ater $3.25 PM AD FINtS ass aisles Foes 3.50 Red \% lb. flats ..... .. 2.25 Medium red-talls . 2.765 OS Se | eae 1.50 Chum talls... ......°. 1:15 King talls .. 3.00 eee IMPERIAL PRESS DELEGATES ARE VISITORS TO _ HE PLANT OF THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., = LTD, WHILE IN VANCOUVER. -_ Lord and Lady Burnham, and the members of the ‘Imperial Press delegation, as a part of their inter- - tainment program while in Vancouver, were shown through the modern fisheries plant of the Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., on August 26th. _ General Manager, A. L. Hager assisted by a corps of guides took the visiting delegates on a tour of in- spection of this great fishing plant and many compli- ments were passed by the press representatives on the sanitary and modern methods in the handling of the different varieties of fish in all departments of the plant. A halibut schooner arrived just as the delegates _ were being shown through the plant and the unload- ing of the schooner was of much interest to the visit- as was the salmon e¢annery, which was in full operation. Several of the delegates who had partaken of light ‘fasts fully appreciated the appetizing taste of the ial Brand kippered salmon and sable fish, which of them had ever tasted before. FISHERMAN 205 SELL CANNED FISH BY THE CASE. By F. E. Payson, Seey. Vancouver Branch C.F.A. Just now at the harvesting time is when the store- keeper can sell the most economical food to be had in case lots. There is nothing better for the harvest hand to eat during the hot weather, when they are working so hard than canned fish. Easily digested, and full of nutriment, canned fish is the best possible food for the rancher to give his help, and it does not require cooking. It is up to the storekeeper to push his sales of canned fish by case lots right now. COL. CUNNINGHAM RESIGNS FROM THE FISHERY SERVICE. The announcement of the resignation of Col. F. H. Cunningham, as Chief Inspector of the Dominion Fish- eries for British Columbia was made by Hon. C. C. Bal- lantyne, while on his recent trip to Vancouver. This announcement was made by the Minister be- fore a delegation of the B. C. Salmon Canners Associ- ation. The Minister said: ‘‘I am sorry to announce the resignation of Col. Cunningham. After thirty eight years of faithful service with the department he feels he should have a well earned rest, and has asked to be relieved of his duties December 31st. On his retire- ment the government will apopint someone to his posi- tion whom we feel will meet With the approval of those connected with the industry here. We appreci- ate the excellent services he has done for his country and fishing interests. He has shown great wisdom, tact and fairness in earrying on his work.”’’ Mr. W. H- Barker, President of the B. C. Packers Association declared those connected with the fishing industry were sorry to hear of Col. Cunningham’s re- tirement, and paid the Col. some very pleasant com- pliments. In replying, Col. Cunningham thanked the Minister and Mr. Barker for their kind remarks, and said that he felt the thirty eight years service with the depart- ment made him feel he deserved a much needed rest. During the past few years, and especially since the B. C. salmon fisheries were thrown open, it has needed the hand and mind of a real diplomat to steer the destinies of the British Columbia branch of the Dom- inion Fisheries Department into smooth waters, and Col. Cunningham has done this in the most admirable manner. Mr. Barker’s remarks expressed the feel- ings of the entire industry. SKEENA RIVER SPRING SALMON NET FISHING CLOSED. All fishing with spring salmon nets in the Skeena river was closed at midnight on July 23rd. Under ordinary conditions the season continues until the first of October, but the new regulations of 1920 empower the Chief Inspector of Fisheries to prohibit fishing when he finds the fish are approaching the spawning condition. DO YOU THINK AMERICAN FISH SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO ENTER CANADA DUTY FREE ? OR DO YOU ADVOCATE THE RETAINING OF THE PRESENT DUTY ? SEND YOUR OPINION AND REASONS TO THE EDITOR OF THE ‘“‘CANADIAN FISHERMAN.” 206 - MINISTER OF MARINE AND FISHERIES HAS CONFERENCE WITH CANNERS. Hon. ©. C. Ballantyne, Minister of Marine and Fisheries, held a conference with the Canners of Bri- tish Columbia on August 27th, while he was in Van- couver. During the conference the Minister took oe- easion to state that before putting into force any fu- ture important regulations, the department would con- sult with the canners and others interested in the in- dustry. The minister stated that no steps would be taken to prohibit the use of dragseines or trap nets until~ consultation with representative organizations and the fishermen, Hon. Mr. Ballantyne expressed his admiration for the manner in which the cannerymen were carrying on their business, and believed the business was never prosperous than it was at the present time. State- ments made to the effect that the western coast can- ners hold a monoply are utterly false he observed. Mr. W. H. Barker, of the B. C. Packers Associa- tion, presented the views of the canners. During his remarks Mr. Barker said. ‘‘ What is needed is a better understanding between the department and persons connected with the fishing industry on the coast. The official attitude during the past few years has made it appear to us that we are conducting our business on sufferance. We have been accused of holding a mo- nopoly of the salmon, canning industry, but such a thing does not exist. Keen competition between pack- ers is evident and many are forced to sell their pro- duct at a loss this year. Stringent regulations have been made while those engaged in the industry were not consulted. These regulations in many cases have meant a loss of thousands of dollars to the industry as supplies are purchased a year ahead and in many cases the regulations make certain supplies useless. For instance nets and seines have been purchased for the coming year and if regulations prohibiting their use are brought into force we will be left with them on our hands. Why traps should not be used we eannot un- derstand and with all respect to Mr. Found we feel that we know more about the fishing business than he does, and our views should be considered as well as his. The Columbia River has been fished for the past 100 years and still it keeps up its pack in spite of the traps used there. Traps and gill nets must be used if we are to practice economy in securing the eateh. By doing this the public may purehase fish at a lower cost. The department should consider our interests for they are its interest, as well as for the benefit of the fishermen. We have millions of dollars invested in plant equipment and are in business for all time, and must consider the future of the industry. In fairness to us and to the country we should be consulted be- fore regulations are made by the department.”’ Mr. Hl. O. Bell-Irving asked the minister if the mi- nister was correctly reported in a morning paper as saying that 1920 will see the end of the use of drag seines and traps in coastal rivers and waters. Hon. Mr. Ballantyne replied that the department was seriously considering the matter and added that he eould not be held responsible for any statements which might appear in the newspapers. ‘We take it that your mind is not made up?’’ Mr. sell-Irving asked. ‘*Prohibition of the use of drag seines and nets is under consideration by the department, but no change will be made until the B. C. Canners and others con- CANADIAN FISHERMAN - September, 1920, . nected with the fishing industry have been consulted’™ = Mr. Ballantyne answered. That a wrong feeling existed in the department of fisheries toward those engaged in the fish business was the statement of Mr. Bell-Irving, and he suggested that ‘‘Political expediency rather than the economic needs of the industry are considered by the depart- ment in passing regulations.’’ ‘‘Statements were made in the House of Commons that diabolical methods were used in catching fish. Why is it any more diabolical to catch a fish in a net — than it is to trap any other animal?’’ ‘‘The most eco- — nomical methods must be used and we should be per- mitted to use our own intelligence to secure the catch. — Methods of doing this have been taken from the hands — of responsible canners and placed in’ the hands of ir- — responsible fishermen, who have not the interests of the future of the industry at heart. Continuity and — stability of the business is our aim and we feel that — greater consideration should be given regulations be- fore they are adopted. Ruination of the fishing in- dustry faces us owing to financial and labor condi- — tions. During the war the government urged us to- produce more and now they attempt to strangle us by — regulation. If conditions are not bettered what will. happen is the canners will go on strike’’, said Mr. | Bell-Irving. " Mr. Henry Doyle beleived that a public hearing be held at which fishermen and canners might speak in order that officials of the department would hear com ditions and views as they actually are. Mr. F. E. Burke, Manager of the Wallace Fisherion! Ltd., stated that the canners were anxious to co-— operate with the department, and that vorulatiomaea 3 should apply to everyone alike. The department should see to it that all regulations toward propogation and keeping up the supply of fish were properly earried out, was his belief. Mr. Burke urged the minister to aid in an adver tising campaign to make the sale of cheaper grade of fish more popular on the retail market. He thought a standard of inspection should be adopted. Mr. Ballantyne was glad to hear the views of bt association and wished them to understand that th department wished to co-operate with them in eve way. ° He spoke of the numerous complaints received = by the department from disgruntled persons all desi ing something different in the way of regulations ar action could only be taken after great consideratio ‘Since I took office’’, he said, ‘‘the inspection regu- lations have been made more severe and more pati boats are on the coast today than ever before. T fisheries of British Columbia are on a sounder bas than ever before in their history.’ ‘‘I do not want injure your business. Statements have been made the effect that canners here hold a monopoly of business but these charges are false. Your business a legitimate one and I value and want your advi Difference of opinion may occur but we all must g together and work in the interests of the industry.” CANADIAN QUOTATIONS IN NEW YORK FUNDS CAUSE INDIGNATION IN THE BRITISH WEST INDIES. The Canadian Trade Commissioner in the British : West Indies has received complaints from a number — of firms in different islands of the British West Indies — to the effect that Canadian business firms are demand aoe Bee September, 1920. ing payment of their accounts in New York funds. They are highly indignant and express the opinion that in view of the Preferential Trade Agreement be- - tween Canada and the British West Indies the Can- __adian exporters to the British West Indies should make quotations in Canadian currency. : One large importing firm in Barbados said that af- ter giving a large order he found that payment was demanded in New York funds. He immediately can- ee celled the order and placed it with an English firm - which gave him the benefit of the English exchange in remitting. It is pointed out that the tariff prefer- ence is given to England as well as Canada and the English do not ask for quotations in United States funds. Another complaint coming from the British West Indies is that certain Canadian firms when written to - vegarding business refer the British West India in- _ quiries to their agents in New York city. They say that if Canadian firms propose to do business through New York houses, they may as well deal directly with New York themselves. TROLLING ON SWIFTSURE BANKS. During the first part of September some of the trol- ters have been fishing on the Swiftsure Banks, which lie about 30 miles southwest of Barclay Sound on the West Coast of Vancouver Island. This is a great feed- ing ground for the spring salmon and every year good - catches are made on these grounds. It is rather late to do any fishing as bad weather does not allow the _ fisherman to take many chances. Be THE BRITISH COLUMBIA CANNED SALMON MARKET. he waiting game which has been played by the ‘sellers of canned salmon during the past few weeks is over. The opening prices of the several different large packers have been issued, and now the real sell- ing game is being played. The brokers offices are much livelier places of business than they have been for some months. The telegraph and cable companies are reaping an increased business. in tolls since mat- ters livened up in the canned salmon market. As yet there is no real change in the attitude as regards prices. Rather it is a skirmishing round to get a line on the real requirements of the buyers, and on the part of the buyers a feeling out as to what the lowest prices will be. There is no doubt every endeavor will be made to keep the prices of the lower grades at a profitable Jevel. The pack in these grades has been much less than if there had been a feeling of security as regards price and quickness of disposal. The prices for the higher grades will hold as there is no surplus stock of any kind, and the prices paid to the fisher- men have been higher than ever before, and every one knows the increase cost in materials has been much higher comparatively than the packers have charged for their packs during the past couple of years. It is possible that with the poor pack of Alaska fish the B. C. packers, may have an outlet that they have not had previously. It will be interesting to watch is phase of the situation. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 207 ANGLO BRITISH COLUMBIA PACKING CO. Lists on London Stock Exchange, Also Acquires Interest in Jam Packing Business. Confirmation of the listing of the shares of the Anglo British Columbia Packing Company on the London Stock Exchange has been received in Vancouver. Inelnded in the information furnished the publie in compliance with the regulations of the committee of the London Stock Exchange was the following: Diree- tors: Chairman, John Bell-Irving, Lockerbie, Scotland; other directors: E. 8. H. Corbett, Send, Surrey, Eng- land; Lieut.-Colonel A. Bell-Irving, D.S8.0., London; David Landale, London. Bankers: Bank of Scotland and Canadian Bank of Commerce, London. Agents in British Columbia, H. Bell-Irving, Limited, Vancouver. The authorized capital of the company, which has its headquarters in London, is £350,000 divided into 100,- 000 8 per cent cumulative preference shares of £1 each, and 250,000 ordinary shares of £1 each, the issued capital being £50,000 8 per cent cumulative preference shares of £1 each and 125,000 ordinary shares of £1 each, of which 75,000 have been recently issued to ssareholders as bonus shares. A further 75,000 shares have been subscribed for at. par. The acquisition of a controlling interest in the King, Beach Manufacturing Co., of British Columbia will be secured by the devoting of a part of the new issue of 75,000 ordinary shares. This company is engaged in the manufacturing of jam. FISHERIES ENGINEER APPOINTED. Harry A. Lynch a native of St. John, N.B., and a returned soldier with a splendid record has been ap- pointed by the Civil Service Commission as Junior Engineer in the- Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries. Mr. Lynch has been for some time on the Chief Engineer’s Staff of the Marine De- partment. Immediately after his appointment, Mr. Lynch left for St. John to report to the Senior En- “peed He will look after work being done in Nova cotia. “CANADAN FISHERMAN” WILL STUDY BRITISH FISHERY DEVELOPMENTS. In order that the ‘‘Canadian Fisherman’? will be in a position to advocate and advise the Canadian Fish- .ing Industry in matters of modern development of fishery resources, the Editor will leave for England shortly and study some of the methods of catching, transporting, marketing and administering the fisher- ies of England and Scotland. Developments in the fisheries have entered a new era in Great Britain. They now have a Ministry of Fisheries and an aggressive ‘‘Fish as Food’’ cam- paign is now underway in an effort to absorb the heavy landings of British fishing eraft. Both these matters are of vital interest to Canadians. Several of the ad- verse conditions at present existing in our Industry are also afflicting that of England and it is felt that a study of the manner in which they are tackling these problems should prove beneficial to ourselves, 208 HON. C. C. BALLANTYNE The Minister of Marine and Fisheries Makes Long Deferred Visit to the Pacific Coast. When the Hon. C. C. Ballantyne, Minister of Marine and Fisheries made his trip to the Pacifie Coast, it was hoped by every one engaged in the Industry that conferences of the different associations would be held at which the Minister would be present and take part. Apparently the Minister did not intend that this should be. The attitude taken did not assist in dispelling the feeling held by many that Ottawa is not as sympathe- tic with the Fishing Industry of the West coast as it should be. Without doubt the Hon. Minister had many matters to attend to besides the fishing industry, and in two days very little could be done in the way of conferences. Mr. Found spent a considerable time on the coast, and made a very thorough inspection of the entire coast, and as assistant deputy minister will with- out doubt make a most comprehensive report of the conditions of the industry as operating under the pre- sent regulations, and in connection with hatchery me- thods. Perhaps the Minister feels that the inspection and report of the Assistant Deputy will be just the same as if he had attended to the matter personally. Everybody knows that no one man can attend to de- tails and carry on a department covering such a mul- titude of details as the department of Marine and- Fisheries entails, but there is a side that is to be taken into consideration, and that is the spirit of friendliness which should obtain between those engaged in any industry, and the branch of government which has the carrying out of policies covering that industry. When a group of men representing millions of dollars invest- ed in any given industry are granted an audience of a few minutes to meet the Minister at the head of a branch of the government regulating that industry, it appears the spirit of friendliness is not as it should be. Especially if the head of the branch is situated 3000 miles away, and it is his first trip to the district in question. This article is not written in the way of criticism except in a constructive way, and not at the behest of any body of men engaged in the industry, but at the same time expresses a feeling held by many who. had hoped that the minister would have got in eloser personal touch with those engaged in the in- dustry on the West Coast. Although the meeting arranged for between the de- legation of canners and the Minister was friendly enough and matters were presented to the minister by the delegation and the minister made reply, at the same time there was not that friendly discussion which would have gone a long way toward dispelling the un- satisfactory feeling that has existed and even now exists between those engaged in the industry as re- gards the attitude of Ottawa toward the salmon fish- eries of British Columbia. It was hoped that a personal contact with those who have their investments in the industry and with the fishermen would do much to dispel mis-understandings which have arisen between the department and those engaged in the industry. Many questions could have been discussed and a better understanding arrived at by such a personal contact and without doubt much unnecessary correspondence would have been saved for the future. CANADIAN FISHERMAN September, 1920, FISHERIES ENGINEERING IN MARITIME PROVINCES. Mr. Charles Bruce the Engineer of the Fisheries Department, recently returned after a thorough in- spection of the rivers in the Maritime Provinces, an- nounces many improvements in the way of opening up rivers in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. At the Misquodoboit River in Halifax County an opening was made in a large unused wooden dam thus permitting large numbers of sea trout and salmon as — well as alewives, shad, and bass to ascend the rivers for spawning purposes. Inspections were also made of fishways on the Mush-a-Mush and La Have Rivers — in Lunenburg County, at the Medway and Mersey Rivers in Queens County, at Milton, Yarmouth County, at Bear River, Annapolis River and Victoux River in Annapolis County, at Apple River and Victoux River in Cumberland County, and at Boss Economy and Salmon Rivers in Colchester County; and information obtained for the construction of Fishways where required. At the Medway River, where a fishway was installed last year in the dam at the pulp-mill, evidence was secured that large numbers of alewives and salmon had ascended which will be a factor in keeping the ag fishery in this river from becoming depleted. The Department i is now undertaking the reconstruc-— tion of fishways in four dams on the Murray River, | a and it is hoped that thereby this admirable river, the largest in Nova Scotia, will be opened up for fisheries. At Lawrencetown on the Annapolis River, a fishway, built last year, was found to have proved an un-— qualified success admitting the ascent of shad, and salmon in large numbers. So far as this Department is aware this is the first instance of a suecessful fish- way for shad. ‘On the Gaspereaux River in King’s County a fish way was constructed to overcome a dam thirty feet high and results have been most gratifying, reports — showing that alewives in numbers greater than. have ascended the river for years having gone up. In New Brunswick, fishways are inapaetell on the Petitcodiae and Pollet Rivers in Albert County and- an inspection was also made of the falls on the Mag- agaudavie River at St. George where the Department has been considering the feasibility of opening up thes upper reaches of this river for fisheries purposes. THE SITUATION OF THE DANISH FISHING INDUSTRY. The Danish fisheries have reached a erisis more eritical than that which confronts some other indus- tries, writes Finanstidende. Ps ened with starvation and only charitable gifts from - the Government. can save them from ruin, a The reason for this is thaf the fishermen have bought trawlers and motor boats that are far too expensive to keep running under present conditions, when the — buying eapacity of foreign countries is exhausted. It is impossible to see any other way out of this distress. — The countries that are able to buy have sufficient fisheries themselves or are too distant from the Dan- ish coast, or the fish does not meet their tastes, The consequence is that the fishermen in many eases are Ss compelled to throw the eatch into the ocean again or to give up fishing, The fishermen are threat- September, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 209 The Dominion Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B. THE WORK OF THE 1920 SEASON. Many Canadian who have visited Naples, and vivid- ly remember the Italian ‘‘Stazione Zoologica,’’ with its fine aquarium and laboratories; or who know the English Biological Station at Plymouth ‘‘Hoe’’; or the Scottish Marine Station in the ancient University of St. Andrews; and are acquainted with the U. S. Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, the chief centre of fishery investigations in the United States; are not perhaps so familiar with the splendid Canadian Station on our Atlantie shores. This finely equipped technical research institution, operated un- der the auspices of the Marine and Fisheries Depart- ment, is located at St. Andrews, New Brunswick. The researches chiefly relating to fishery problems, are in charge of the Biological Board, of which Dr. A. P. Knight is Chairman, and Professor E. E. Prince, Dom- inion Commissioner of Fisheries, is Secretary-Treasurer. The beautiful and fashionable sea-side resort, often styled the ‘‘Brighton of Canada,’’ St. Andrews by the Sea, possesses the only Canadian Marine Station for fishery researches, on the Atlantic coast. It is less than two miles from the charming little town, and summer visitors have come to regard a trip to the Biological Station as an annual treat, never to be omitted. In the visitors’ book at the Station may be noted the signatures of some of the most eminent men of Canada and the United States. The scientific director, in immediate charge of the investigations, is the distinguished and accomplished Dr. A. G. Hunstman, and the staff, most of whom receive no fee or reward for their labors, have board and rooms, with laboratory tables, chemicals, instru- ments, and material (in the shape of the ‘‘sea’s spoils’’), provided gratis by the Government. During the ecur- rent season, the staff embraced more than three times the number of trained ‘‘researchers’’ usually occupy- ing places in the laboratories. No less than twenty- one professors, University lecturers, and advanced workers, tackled the series of complex fishery and other problems, awaiting solution by the exact methods of modern science. MeGill, Toronto, Laval, Queen’s, (Kingston), Western, (London), and other Universi- ties, were represented, on the staff, and as usual, ap- plications to engage in Canadian research, were re- ceived from United States’ Universities; but the limit- ed accomodation enabled only one scientist to take part in this season’s work, from south of the ‘line’, viz. Miss Jane Williamson, M.A. B.Se. of Columbia University, New York. What are some of the problems attacked by the emin- ent specialists, who spent the summer months busy at fishery and technical research in the Biological Sta- tion, St. Andrews? They covered a large field, but all related to the ‘‘watery world,’’ and the finny and scaly inhabitants thereof. Fishery problems can never be solved unless the conditions, physical, dynamical, The St. Andrews Biological Station in Winter, 210 CANADIAN FISHERMAN and chemical, as well as biological, in lakes, rivers, and seas, are discovered. A farmer must know something of the nature of the soil, the chemistry of fertilisers, etc., if he is to be abreast of modern standards, and get the best results from the land. The biologists at the St. Andrews Station cover a wide and varied field of investigation, so that when their reports are issued and followed, those engaged in the taking and hand- ling of fish ean rely upon the best results being se- eured from their arduous toil, at sea, or in the fish mart. The lobster supply, to take an example, is a cause of grave concern to the fishing industry. Are we to witness the disappearance of that esteemed shellfish as we did the buffalo? Professor Knight has, for some years, had the ‘‘lobster problem’’ in hand. But it is not one problem, it is a whole armful, hence, not one season but many seasons must be spent, in discovering scientific methods of stemming the decline in the lobster-supply in Canadian waters. No one knows, for example, what becomes of the very young lobster, af- ter being hatched by the egg-bearing mother lobster. Dr. Knight’s work, in which Professor Prince has this season takén considerable hand, has been partly in the laboratory, and partly in the field, or rather the sea. Boarding House and Library Some most remarkable facts, hitherto unknown, have been discovered. Baby lobsters, just hatched, have been kept in specially devised jars, some open to sun- light, and at ordinary air temperatures; others dark and kept cool with layers of ice; and under various other conditions of light, temperature, food, ete. Which of these conditions prevail in the sea, where young lob- sters abound, before they reach a length of 2 or 3 inches? The St. Andrews’ workers are already prepared to answer some of these questions; but much has yet to be done. Dr. Knight, after commencing at the station, left the jar experiments in Professor Prince’s skilled and experienced hands, and joined in Prinee Bdward September, 1920. “Island his assistants, Mr. D. A, Mackay, of Queen's University, and Dr. A. B. Dawson, formerly-of Acadia University now of Chicago. The feeding of young lobsters, for a month or two after hatching, is difficult, as the microscopic food suitable for them, must be captured in the open sea. Supplies of copepods, or minute water-fleas had to be caught, in tens of thou- sands, in fine-meshed silk tow-nets, floated daily in the ~ sea, and transferred alive to the rearing jars. Such success was achieved that baby lobsters were reared, until a very advanced condition was attained; but cannibalism resulted ‘in the death of many before the crawling stage was reached. How to prevent baby lobsters from devouring each other is a difficulty, even when abundant food is supplied. The small ecope- pods or water-fleas, smaller than grains of sand, a- bound in the sea, like mosquitos in a swamp, and Professor Willey (McGill University) has carried on. laborious studies at the station upon this great source of nutriment for fishes in the sea. Dr. Willey has also included this season, studies on copepod collee- tions from the alkaline waters of Big Quill Lake, which he and Dr. Huntsman netted, when visiting early this season those curious lakes, in Saskatchewan, Possibly valuable food-fishes might do well in those salty lakes, as floating living food appears, from Dr. Willey’s studies, to be as plentiful as in the sea. Dr. J. W. Mayor, Union College, N. Y. completed an important stage of his current and tidal studies in the Bay of Fundy. These movements of the water powerfully influence the great schools of fish, and other life. Special float- ing bottles have been sent adrift, from a series of de- termined stations, and have been nicked up at various points along the Canadian and U. 8S. shores. Dr. Mavor’s prolonged work, and its mathematical and physical aspects, are already yielding results which navigators and scientists, as well as fishermen, will find most astonishing when published. ‘Fish as food’’ formed a prominent subject at the Station, and Professor Clara Benson, an eminent bio- chemical authority, from Toronto University, has pur- sued profound researches on the food-qualities of a series of marine fishes, and these, combined with the studies of Dr. Slater Jackson, McGill University, on the history of eod, haddock, pollack, hake and flat- fishes, shows how widely various fish differ, under freezing and other processes. In some, spaces are formed of a very marked character, in the flesh, after freezing in ordinary fish-refrigerators, the small muscle being filled with ice crystals. Dr. Jackson studied minutely, under the microscope, the flesh of brine- frozen fish, and his test show how superior some kinds _ are as appetising food on the table. The differing excellencies of these fish, fresh and frozen, will be fully explained in the reports to be completed by Dr. Benson and Dr. Jackson. Miss Chant paid attention to the eggs, young, and growth of smelt, some new spawning grounds being visited during the season in Passamaquoddy Bay. Elaborate detailed researches on the causes and means of preventing unhealthy changes, in market-fishes, oeccunied a number of able hacteriologists. Dr, Harrison, Principal of Macdonald College, was at the Station for a short time, in eon-— nection with such researches. and Miss JJ. Macfarlane (Toronto University), Miss Symons (MeGill Univer- sity), and Miss Jane Williamson (Columbia University), resnectively took un the haeterioloey of eanned Joh. sters, clams, and fresh herring, the latter including ~~ 3 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 73 FISHERIES BRANCH To All Commercially Interested In The Fishing Industry Are you earnestly doing your very best for the development of the fisheries? Are you a believer in big profits, at any cost, to the industry ? Or, have you always in mind that it is a national property, of which you are merely a custodian? Relatively, the public is in the position of a minor who does not realize the value of a property be- queathed to him. Are you as conscientious and scrupulous in the people’s interests as you would be as the executor of a private estate? If not, why not? A ff 4&4 84 A FISHERIES BRANCH, Department of the Naval Service, OTTAWA. 212 the so-called sardines of the neighboring waters. Miss Reid (Toronto University) followed the seasonal oc- currences of a curious creature, a favorite food for -growing fishes, viz. the glassy needle-worm (Sagitta) . Professor Philip Cox (New Brunswick University) af- ter completing his account of the Lumpfish, about to issue as a special Bulletin, has investigated the life of the Frost-Fish or Tom-Cod, and during the pre- sent season has given much labor to this latter food- fish. His report will be of great interest to those in the fish-industry. Professor Alexander Vachon, (Laval University) investigated several subjects, com- pleting a report on the use of starfish as farm fer- tiliser, in its bearing on waste fishery materials as manure. Starfish are not apparently very valuable for this purpose. Dr. Vachon’s prolonged studies carried on for some years on the chemistry of sea- water, and of water from alkaline lakes, such as Big Quill Lake, have great importance in connection with sea and inland fisheries. Seience has shown how vital to fish life are the minute floating organisms, known as plankton, and the veteran authority, Professor L. W. Bailey (New Brunswick University) carried still further his diatom researches, some of these minute plants, invisible to his naked eye being the chief sustenance for oysters, scallops, clams, as well as multitudes of infant fishes. Workers on the St. Andrews’ staff spent many weeks in various localities, such as Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick, where Professor Robertson ( West- ern University London, Ont.), continued his exten- sive studies of the declining oyster beds, carried on for several seasons past, and Mr. A. H. Leim (Toronto) on the Shubenacadie River, added to his interesting discoveries upon the life-history of the shad, with a view to finding the best means of restoring that once flourishing fishery. Professor W. A. Clemens (Toronto) confined his labors to the inland lakes, and mainly investigated the Lake Erie herring in West- ern Ontario, and the possibility also of adopting ar- tificial sturgeon-eulture. The lake fisheries are greatly in need of the knowledge which Dr. Clemens’ work promises to vield. The Biological Board have always ineluded fresh-water as well as marine fishery inves- tigations. A great part of the Biological Station’s work is carried on, of course, in the open sea, and on the fishing grounds, and in this branch the admirable scientific vessel of the station ‘‘Prince’’ has done note- able service, under the able Captain A. E. Calder. The work, of the ‘‘Prince,’’ carried on during both the winter and summer months, has resulted in a vast amount of material being procured, much of it care- fully preserved in phials, for laboratory study by specialists later. Seasonal changes in the life in the sea, and observations on the spawning of important fishes have been secured, a store of important inform. ation being accumulated during the present vear. The preparation of printed reports is now being hastened, and various publications will soon be avail- able for fishermen, fish merchants, and the general public. A new volume of ‘‘Contributions to Canadian Biology,’’ is nearly completed by the King’s Printer, Ottawa, also some illustrated pamphlets on ‘‘New Food-Fishes’’. and leaf Bulletins, on new table-fishes, while scientific students will have available some more technical reports on Marine Biological subjects. CANADIAN FISHERMAN September, 1920. _ In no other country is the knowledge of the sea being more actively increased than in Canada, and the Biological Station on our Atlantic coast is re- cognized as the most valuable agency in giving this — aid to the fisheries. An extension of the Biological Station buildings is ~ being talked of, as the laboratory accommodation has been severely taxed this season, owing to the increased — number of brilliant Canadian scientists willing to give their talents to the task of the improvement of the — fisheries. One most urgent need has been most . ae ingly supplied by the Minister of Marine and Fish- eries, viz., an up-to-date model fish-refrigerator. This will be ready for work very soon, and will be invalu- able for carrying out exact scientific tests in the One of the Laboratory Buildings pe : oe P La preservation and freezing of fish and sea-food pro- ducts. Much of the work has been hampered in past seasons from lack of a scientific freezing plant. In view of the very large staff of trained scientifie experts this season, nearly treble of any previous re- cord at the Biological Station, and considering the var-— iety and importance of the fishery and technical re- searches being actively carried to completion, the year 1920 is without question the ‘‘banner year’? of this invaluable and unique fisheries’ laboratory. FOR~ SALE THREE STEEL TUGS 4 1 Tug 75’ long, 16’ beam, 14x16 H.P. Engine jj — 1504 Steam. mf 1 Tug 76’ long, 14’4" beam, 14x16 H.P. En- gine 150# Steam. | 1 Tug 80’ long, 16’ beam, 11x23x14 Fore and | Aft Compound Engine, surfactcondenser, — 1604 Steam. All suitable for towing or fishing. Also other smaller’steel tugs for sale. Write for further information BOX No. tll ei Be CANADIAN FISHERMAN, Gardenvale, P.Q. — CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Industrial & Educational Publishing Company | LIMITED GARDEN CITY PRESS, GARDENVALE, P. Q. It is situated on the Toronto to Montreal and Ottawa to Montreal lines of the C.P. 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We will gladly send you our Catalog telling you of our Automatic Fillers, Clinchers and Closing Machines. WRITE AND TELL US OF YOUR NEEDS SEATTLE- ASTORIA IRON WORKS Builders of TROYER-FOX Sanitary Can Making and Canners’ Machinery SEATTLE, - - : - WASH. 4 DS 2-Spindle Au tomatic Seamer or Closing Machine — Special design for the Salmon Packer —Speed 75 to 80 cans per minute. Attach- ments for No.1 Tall, No. 1 Flat, No. b Sa ee ee a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 81 WALLACE'S fii pod aS Raed ae : ia tte re se ° ad The fish are suit + 4: } t pen | yan pe Caught & Packed by a a ee be left is the tin WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED after it is opened. VANCOUVER, CANADA. KNOW YOUR PRODUCT The purchasing of canned herring should be done with the utmost care. When you are placing before the consumer a product that you know is going to please, you are sure of repeat orders, and they will invariably specify the brand. BUY WALLACE’S FRESH HERRING With the TARTAN on the Label You are then sure of getting the best in canned herring. This company’s plants are adjacent to the waters in which shools of herring in teeming thousands abound. Caught and delivered at their canneries when in the prime of. condition, and pro- cessed by the most sanitary and modern machinery, the finished produet is un- equalled in quality and flavor. IT PAYS TO KNOW YOUR PRODUCT WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED, ' VANCOUVER BLOCK, WINGO. B.C., eakns BUY BEAVER BRAND laa ne FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, HADDOCK and POLLOCK SALTED COD, HAKE POLLOCK and CUSK SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, BLOATERS, KIPPERS and FILETS. CARLOAD LOTS A SPECIALTY Beaver Brand All our goods are 2 ; As we smoke only the prime stock, as every- ; finest grade of Had- thing we buy is prac- dock, the finished pro- tically alive when re- duct should be of par- moved from the fish- ticular interest to dis- ing boats and taken criminating buyers. into our plant. Fish taken right out of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thorough- ly modern smoke- house. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 Ibs. New York Office: ARCH 11, BROOKLYN BRIDGE Telephone Beekman 17 Benson Be Pyentetive Plant at Liverpool, N.S. 4 4 ° Plant: Boston Fish Pie, North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. sivstro0n © J. Murnby. ton, NOVA SCOTIA Managing Director 82 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Young Hopeful—Pa, teacher said to-day, that eating fish makes brains. Fond Parent—Yes, but beef eating makes fighters. Young Hopeful—To fight, one must have brains!!! ae BONELESS D Did you ever eat any of our Canned Mackerel? The ‘a Best Deep Sea Food es the cag em q Write to BF. J. BOUTE, Tignish, P. for price on case lots of the celebrated Silver Fox natin Canned Mackerel 5 It is steadily going up in price. | a The Brands that are | best known and have | ° Phone Intervale 720 . Rosenberg Q proved most hae PHENIX PACKING CO. : + 837 Southern Boulevard, - Bronx, New York ory are. . . We buy WHITE FISH and CISCOE ROE STURGEON CAVIAR any quantity B 1 L | F A X Best Market Prices. (For reference Cosmopolitan Bank of the Bronx, N. T ) and A C A D IA JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information Refuse Inferior Substitutes JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. - - N.Y., U.S. ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, LUNENBURG, N.S. pe: : SOLE AGENT FOR Sold Everywhere scr ahaa LAMINATED WOOD SHIPS T. HALLIDAY NAVAL ARCHITECT (First Class Honors Medallist) 706 Credit Foncier Building - - VANCOUVER, B.C. . : i MARINE OPTICIANS Phone Seymour 4207 4 ongrrene bor ome e | McBRIDE WELLS & CO. Charts, Drawing Sets, Ship's Clocks, Watches Labellers and Reconditioners of all Canned Fish. HALIFAX NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT co. ” Ltd. 206 Dominion Building 207 Hastings Street West Cc. G, SCHULZE, Manager ri . 11 George Street, ~ - HALIFAX, Canada YANGGUNES: Canada 4,6 & 8 SINGLE CYLINDER EQUIPPED WITH WATERPROOF IGNITERS Absolutely Dependable in No Battery or Coil Troubles OUTBOARD MOTORS in 6 Models Catalogues on request PERFECTION MOTOR CO. Canadian Distributors ] " CAILLE PERFECTION MOTORS 4 380 St. James Street MONTREAL . ae aia — So ee _ Pieiastigos CANADIAN FISHERMAN Salmon meet C| Sardine — A A Lobster N N S p bei iae Herring Etc. Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Hamilton, Ont. Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD., VANCOUVER, B.C. CANADIAN EXPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OF Bol Oe SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES GAZETTE 1) REE eg a ee aes 26/- including postage 6 lite Ga aS ee ae . 13/- s ‘“ 3 «gle ESS A 6/6 6 +“ Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office-—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND Hl — 84 CANADIAN FISHERMAN a THE OLD RELIABLE et, MINARD'S A || Fisherman s LINIMEN7 |e Friend YARMOUTH. Nova ae Is Part of the Ship’s Stores Yarmouth Trading Company, Limited DRY AND PICKLED Flan Fish for Export a Specialty YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA Crossley Net Lifting Machines For Steam or Gasoline Power For Fresh or Salt Water Crossley Steam Steering Gear Entirely Automatic with 9 H.P. Engine ‘The Machines That Have No Equal”’ Net Leads of All Sizes Write for Catalosue Crossley Lead and Machine Company ERIE, PA. WE ARE BUYING High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring Herring in Tomato Sauce Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer VHAY FISHERIES CO. Detroit, -: Mich. a ee ee ee C. O. Julian & Co. is" Producers and Wholesale Distributors _ SALT | or Salt Oriental Herring Export 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es- pecially CHUMS. Cable ‘“‘GENERAL"' in the following codes: Bentley, Western Union 5 letter, A. B. C. 5th edition. . i 4 | FISH SALESMEN Wholesale Fishmarket and 1 and 3 Great Clyde Street GLASGOW OPEN to RECEIVE consignments of FROZEN SALMON and HALIBUT SMITH & RITCHIE CORRESPONDENCE INVITED | AGENCIES desired for BRITAIN and the CONTINENT CABLE ADDRESS :—RITCHIE {Fishmarket, Glasgow. REFERENCE »—The Bank of Scotland, Miller Street, Glasgow. = =—/ COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. wae oe oe ee 4 :. ae —. ty Y e ~ gx The Ranney Fish Co. (anes N\ Cleveland, : Ohio. (Re ay) ; =e Dn — Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less CANADIAN FISHERMAN AR tN 7 22 CHARLES NOBLE Je COMPA WHOLESALE PRODUCERS, IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN FISH OYSTERS*©CLAMS H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of ‘dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, - Nova Scotia. FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. A. E. HICKMAN CO. Limited ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED - SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address “Lemétais Bordeaux” LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, ‘Tripping Deer Brand’’, Canned Salmon, Canne Pilchar s, Canned Herring. Deminion Building, 207 Hastings St., Vancouver, B C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. N. Clarke St. CHICAGO FRANK FALES & SONS, Limited ———_ sthST JOHN, N. B. Stocks Carried— FISHING SUPPLIES MARINE HARDWARE You will be able to procure many articles from us not ordinarily available 61 Dock Street CANADIAN FISHERMAN W. Irving Atwood, President. WACHUSET FINNAN HADD 31 Boston Fish Pier W. Elmer Atwood, Vice-President. Irving M. Atwood, Treasurer. ALL VARIETIES OF THE SEASON Boston, Mass. FOOD PRODUCTS Canadian - American - Oriental Salmon — Herring — Pilchards Canned Fruits and Vegetables — Mf Dried Fruiee rls Pulp—Milk— Canadian Canned oney—Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts —Dried Beans—Peas—Rice— Cured and . Tallow—Apples —Potatoes--Onions —Lumber— Box Shooks—Barrel Smoked Fish Staves. HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA Associate Offices: 326 Colman Building, Seattle Wash. (U.S.A.) 619 Robert Dollar Bldg,, San Francisco, Cal. Tapioca — Whole Spice — Oils — O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Limited ABLE ADDRESS: ‘‘BRITSALMON” Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver LonNe Kiewy6C0.L1 | VANCOUVER. BC Manufacturers ofall kinds Hooks Black , i or Espe made of Fish Hooks ree cially . CHRISTIANIA this market NORWAY —_— Fishermen like the Fishermen consider fhem th Best Hooks | on fhe markef foday Nn marae Made by: MUSTADHOOK OMusfad sSon Bsa on account of their The Largest Manufacturers of Fish Hooks inthe World Establ. 1832. Perfect Shape, Temper and Finish Musfad Go a Se a a Ee Se NL CANADIAN FISHERMAN 87 MecAvity MARINE ENGINE SUPPLIES Plunge Through With this Propeller | It is made of best Admiralty Propeller that bears the name Bronze and special attention | ‘*McAvity’’. It will push - is given in casting to insure you through the heaviest seas a perfect accuracy in diameter you will run up against. . , - and pitch. Carefully hand filed to re- 5 You can pin your faith toa move all surface blemishes. T. McAVITY & SONS, LIMITED ST. JOHN, N.B. ; : WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER, MONTREAL, TORONTO 4 : Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships HERB RT JOL 1900 x RAND eval ARCHITECT & “VESSEL cA SMHS, LOBSTERS rut 200% ; 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL LOBSTERS CASPE SALMON ETC. : a Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. S. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET FRESH and SMOKED FISH BOX SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY Our Fresh Fish packed in ice reach you in the best possible condition IF IT HAS FINS---ASK US Standing Orders Assure Regular Supplies .*. Enquiries Solicited | LONDON SMOKED COD FILLETS are Good Sellers | LONDON FISH CO., Ltd. <&'*.. Vancouver, Canada 88 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 4 —— exit THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON \\LONG COAT and : | SLICKERS SQSssess— | Legh AATNS L———* “Takes the Wet Out of Water” FISHERMEN KNOW That these high class waterproof coats withstand even stormiest weather. THEY MUST HAVE THEM and the dealer who keeps his stock up-to-date by featuring Fish Brand garments, makes money. fs Write for prices and particulars. for Sale by All Dealers TOWER’S CANADIAN LIMITED. TORONTO. WINNIPEG, “Coast to Coast Service,” HALIFAX. VANCOUVER, WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY P WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR ye ACHT” Log for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET and Al and A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked hy the eading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlera, THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. ERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. Protect Your Business —with the Reliable Ignition Unit. It is the logical unit for all marine purposes, in every kind of weather. The Reliable Ignition Unit will assure you a quick trip to the fishing grounds, a quick trip back to market, and a safer trip both ways. The Reliable Ignition Unit is water- proof. The well-known Reliable dry cells of which it is made are set in pitch and eased in a strong eaulked box. The Re- liable Ignition Unit is built to keep all moisture out. The Reliable Ignition Unit also gives vou longer service. Each of the Reliable dry cells are fitted with the Big Brass Cap, which puts every bit of energy to useful and timely work. Put an extra Reliable Ignition Unit No. 8216 and a Reliable Battery or two in your locker to proteet you and your business in emergencies. Adda Reliable Flashlight, too. You’ll find it a useful and handy light many times each trip. For sale by all good dealers. PELIABL TRADE MARK “Lively and Lasting” Tue DOMINION BATTERY CSane 736 DUNDAS STREET EAST TORONTO CANADA T-1702 OE ee a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. Tht WANNENWETSCh aYaTEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. hl ne oe De SHIPMATE RANGES Largest size Smallest size ars No limit to length. Body 18} inches long. “As flat as a jib down-haul!’”’ was supposed to be the maximum of proneness on a wind- jammer. But there was no flatness, down- hauled brows or jibbing at a meal cooked on a SHIPMATE. Made by The Stamford Foundry Company Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN. Agencies in Canada: F. H. Hopkins & Company, Montreal, Canada. Lipsett, Cunningham & Co., Ltd, Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., 798 Beatty St., Vancouver, B.C. UN | | ! yes ae The cook likes C<—)*— Klim because of Rep its genuine flavor. He knows so many dishes can be made appetizing by the addition of Klim. Klim is pure pasteurized separated Milk in powder form. One pound dissolved in water will make four quarts of pure fresh liquid separated milk. Klim is light, compact, easily transported, will re- main fresh indefinitely. : An abundant supply of Klim will promote health and contentment among your men.. Put it on your list of supplies. The men will enjoy it with every meal and will accomplish more work. They will relish Klim on their oatmeal, in puddings, biscuits, gravy—in fact there are a hundred and one dishes which Klim’s natural milk flavor will improve. Your wholesale Grocer will be able to supply Klim in compact cases containing six ten-pound tins. Canadian Milk Products Limited TORONTO St. John Montreal Winnipeg —__ if LS aD a LIOR \WHAT KERMATH’S FOREIGN SUPREM- ACY,MEANS,TO EVERY,BOAT,OWNER 3 + HERE is a deep significence to every motor boat owner in America, in the fact that Kermath engines hold a greater proportion of the export trade in the marine engine field than any other competitor. The chief and fundamental reason for. this predomin- ant foreign preference of Kermath lies in the fact that it is the one marine engine that has been strictly stand- ardized since 1912. It means that every Kermath part that leaves the factory today can be accurately fitted to any Kermath engine that we have ever built whether it’s a 1912 or a 1920 model, Kermath standard policy makes it easier and less ex- pensive for the Kermath dealer to keep a complete stock and to serve his customer more promptly than any other dealer. Write for the Kermath Booklet—it will interest you immensely whether you own a boat now or consider buying one. “A Kermath Always Runs” 4 cyl. 4-cycle— 12, 16, 20 and 40 HELP. Prices $450 to $1650 Immediate Delivery KERMATH M¥% Co. MICHIGAN. 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED from FISH WASTE Ernest Scott & Company’s NEW METHOD Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values of products PROCESS ENGINEERS McGill Bld’g ae Montreal ot es Canada Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMENTS The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: B, C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. F. H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY ‘‘We are in the market for New Dulse’”’ REFERENCES : Dunn's & Bradstreet’s orrespondence Solicited Agencies The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. a he CANADIAN FISHERMAN _ | Control Your Boats from Shore : by Wireless Telephone! Instant Word-of-Mouth Com- The DeForest Radiophone (Wireless Telephone) is practical, successful munication Any Time - Any apparatus now in operation in many places. 3 ' Weather, Ship to Ship or ; Shore to Ship. Enables you to talk instantly with boats miles away; to control your fleet; prevent wrecks and losses in the catch. The apparatus is simple and can be placed on any vessel having electricity or gas engine; and mounted in weather-proof cabinets. No trained operators needed—just talk on the telephone. Gives clear, distinct con- ' versation over land or water, thru fog or storm. Varying range for all requirements. Inexpensive to buy; easy to install, and simple to operate. Saves its cost the first month. The Radio- phone way is the modern way. Find out more about it right away! WRITE TO DeForest Radio Telephone and Telegraph Company 1413 Sedgwick Avenue DeForest Radiophone (Wireless Telephone), Transmitting and Receiving Station. A simple type of DeForest Apparatus, complete Station as NEW YORK CITY shown here. Reliable. efficient and modern Special installations can be made to meet individual requirements Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. q PECK SLIP NEW YORK CANADIAN FISHERMAN -Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut 373 3tisn THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. THOM. NARI {] The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. §] Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. Vie. C.PoR; Go Ree P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. §] Smoking plants in connection. . Distributors of WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: tenn? cou Late Field Agent, U. S: Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of ‘‘Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,” ‘Pacific Salmon. Fisheries, ’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,”’ ‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” “‘The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,”’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited ically every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fisherman, and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are no utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— ° Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden Whiting : Mullet Yellowtail Pikes Etc., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 93 al ‘ Lon eee Se v " J a ey. A RN ee eee ECU See dette tpn Pore ee Le a ead Cable Address:--“‘DAVECONNOR,"" VANCOUVER. ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. I. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Addresse par Cable:-DAVECONNOR,” a , Wy COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR VANCOUVER. D. 4 ONNOR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. 510 Winch Building ot Se Magee a emacs, otk - VANCOUVER, B.C. een Sebige” Moe D CONNO CORREDOR DE SALMON EXPORTADOR Y CO Se usan todos los Cédigos * “onireriae Sole rgd TE Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. PRECIOS C. I. F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building : - * = VANCOUVER, B.C. CASTRO ASSIS & CO. SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department : — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC. Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. (States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA. SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL First Class References. RUA SAO BENTO 66a P. 0. Box No. 1666 Telegram Address: ORTSAC. Codes used: A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. Bentleys Liebers GANADIAN FISHERMAN ? 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 814 Fishing Steamers and Schooners: PROSPECTOR TYEE Cold Storage Plants: VANCOUVER, CANADA NEW ENGLAND Subsidiary Companies: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. BOSTON, MASS. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska, Kalama, Wash. ’ Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN ~ SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS . in 20 lb. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Pacific Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada | CANADIAN FISHERMAN 95 SWANSON PATENT EXHAUSTER (1920 Model) The outstanding feature of this EXHAUSTER is that it in much less time, and with a great saving in floor space. Simplified to eliminate trouble, and the ALL-METAL constr uction assures permanency. accomplishes the same results as the old type exhaust boxes, THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN EXHAUST BOXES. MURRAY-LATTA MACHINE WORKS Full Line of Machinery, bd bd Cutting: Washing and rmeooiveel Canning Machinery _ ,vgisiecieeie, 619 Bidwell St., - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Fascinating Game FREE Clip this coupon, fill it out, and send it to us, and we will send Magar te yees “eyes Sasa. ‘poe = you FREE this fascinating a comPawrns, - ; 2aps IMITED, ar-co Game. Heaps of fun for 1549 Excelsior rainy days, and a reminder of Life Building, Toronto, Ont. Canada En-ar-co Motor Oil Best for Your Engine. Lubricate your engine with En-ar-co and note the difference in your speed It will prolong the Send me En-ar- co Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- bing point and quote prices on the items I have marked, I use. .gals. Gasoline per year I use...gals. Motor Oil per year life of your engine, and do away with many engine troubles. White Rose Gosoline I use...., gals. Kerosene per I use....gals. Tractor Oil pee ns is the ideal power fuel for motor boat or I use..... !bs. Motor Grease per year Other engines. If you would win in the ag ASS Ibs, Axle Grease per year race home from the fishing grounds, use White Rose. 2S Spree ead e-em National Frictionless Compound — 7 *888 cee ation rictionless Compound — 7” 4880882 Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross heads, valve motions Postoffice........ County.... eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy bearings, =f | SSS ee ees Province. Scientifically Refined in Canada by Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Sold at the following sea and lake ports HALIFAX ST. JOHN QUEBEC MONTREAL Automobile; am at present using...... Dy. Saeage Oe tact TORONTO OWEN SOUND KINGSTON Motor Oil, I will be in the market for more oil again about SAULT STE. MARIE +eesseeeesss And you may quote me on.....,........ gallons En-ar-oo National Motor Oil. 96 ‘iy aM CANADIAN FISHERMAN CANADIAN OIL COMPANIES Excelsior Life Bldg. TORONTO, ONT. Please send me FREE your Color Card and Price List for Economy Ready Mixed Paint, Sterling Shingle Stain, ind Longwear Barn Paint. Name P. ©. Address County Province Paint that Protects Surfaces Economy Ready Mixed Paint is sold in pint, quart, half- gallon and gallon’ tins—all ready to apply. The gallon and half-gallon tins have strong wire handles. Sterling Shingle Stain A waterproof, non-fading stain in attractive colors for roofs. Protects and brightens. Long wear Barn Paint A protective coating for rough wood or metal -sur- faces. Prevents rotting and rusting. Limited In Fair Weather and Foul Exposure to water is a severe test on wood and metal. Wind, fog and sunshine are almost as severe a strain. To preserve wood and metal in your boat or your - dwelling, you must keep them covered with good paint. Economy Ready Mixed Paint is specially made to afford this necessary protection. Pure material, scientifically ground and blended, make it more than a mere decoration. For Boats and All Kinds of Marine Painting Your boat needs the protection that Economy Ready Mixed Paint can give it. You will keep out rust and rot and prolong the life of your boat if you use Economy. Pe Se eee ee 2 = Ste oh For Dwellings, Shops, Indoors and Outdoors Your dwelling will benefit just as much as your boat from Economy. It will not only look bright and smart, but will last longer, with this. proteetive coating. If you can’t get these paints and stains from ‘the nearest Dealer, mail us this coupon with your name and address and we will send you out FREE COLOR CARD with directions how to get them. Made in Canada by Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Sold at the following Sea and Lake Ports: HALIFAX, ST. JOHN, QUEBEC, MONTREAL, KINGSTON, TORONTO, OWEN SOUND, SAULT STE. MARIE, i een CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years PETER FORGE (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNSY J, WILLIAMS, Government Auction FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Government. 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN oe igksiang General Offices: :—43-45 Monument Street, London, E.C., 3; Colonial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., yt CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. Cable Address, . Established 1864 JOHN DONALDSON, Manchester. Agent to H. M. Government JOHN DONALDSON Fish, Game, Rabbit and Poultry Salesman Salmon Factor Wholesale Fish Market MANCHESTER, England. importer of Foreign and Colonial Produce Consignments of Halibut and Salmon solicited. Bankers: Manchester & Liverpool District Bank. 98 ee ee American Can Company . = 83 B.C. Printing & Litho Co. Ltd. : Peat | Booth Fisheries Canadian Company, | Ltd. 11 Buote, F. J. ieee ; 82 Canadian Fairbanks-Morse, Co., Ltd. .. .. 18 Canadian Fish and Cold Storage, Co., Ltd. 15 Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd.. ae 94 Canadian Milk Produets, Ltd. 89 Canadian Oil Companies Vita 3. Sa Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd. ; Se ee Carnahan Tin Plate and Sheet Co. Ltd. pley arcade 2 Castro Assis & Co. .. ve oe 93 Connor, D. . 93 Connors Bros., Ltd. ior ae ea 80 Consumers Cordage Co., ee ae 99 Crossley Lead & Machine Co. 84 Davis, Frank E., & Co... .. Dace «any 77 De Forest Radio Tel. and Tel. Co. : ea Dominion Battery Co. ; Ree: 88 Department of Marine and ‘Fisheries ._ .. 12 Des Brisay, M., & Co.,. See RER ENT gO Aare 90 Donaldson, John. : Ape aa at eer Baby Mec es i 5 Mrqiniae Oo Con ds soo ekg See he Pish Trades Gavette; The 2.000. 2 ee ee Forge, Peter . Sous : ee yf Frank Fales and Sons .. .. .. «. .. ve ve ce 85 Preeman & Cobb, ‘ine’... ok 86 Hromm & Co. Poo, o.08 cis. es 90 Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F. .. .. 1... 99 Gosse-Millerd Packing ~~ Ltd. yo a ae Gray & Prior ..°.. <° : ee Ne Halliday, T. . 82 Hallett, A. E. Fe Ure tiger mae) Hatton, D., Company gia Sa ghee hiss <8 9) Sg ae Harry Hall & Co., Ltd. oa Ae ee Hickman Co., A. B.- aera meee 85 Halifax Nautical feiatrument : 82 Independent Rubber Co., Ltd. : Oe ee International Business Machines ‘Ob: Ltd. iteaty Jacobson Gas mee Co, «ue 82 Journeaux, H. : 87 Julian, ©, 0,, & Co. : 84 Kermath Mfg. Co... .. 89 Labrador Fisheries -- . 18 Lambert Walter .. 87 Lemetais, Jean .. .... 85 Leckie, John, Ltd. 16 Letson and Burpee, Limited Pe ba vee ae foe Levesons Limited . a CANADIAN FISHERMAN Index to Advertisers 1 MeAvity;. Ti):& Sons Ltd. ober eee McCormack & Zatzman .. .. .. ++... .. / MeBride: Wells.and ‘Co! Gur igheate es 43 _Mindra’s baniment 2... ehgeaeere cle ey [Maritime Bish Corp. <. “Sse ts ies Murray-Latta Machine Works . New England Fish Co., Ine. 9 Robin, Jones and Whitman . 85 Acadia Gas Engine, Ltd: a, Lockport Cold Storage Co., Lita. . London and Petrolea Barrel Co., Ltd. . London Fish Co., Ltd. . Lyons, Chs. & Co. Lunenburg Puaiaes Co:, © Seas on * y a ae) soe “a. . fet x . o Roe Mueller, Chs., Co., Ltd. . Mustad, O. and Son ab . of oe a Wee o®.- eo ae oe: . Noble, Chs., Jr., Company . ae North ‘American Fisheries ’ ‘Cold ‘st Ltd. Pa sys sv aeege aes Nova Scotia Goverinenes Po ese ‘O’Loane Kiely & Co., Ltd. <1 ae Reet Process Engineers Limited .. ie : Phenix Packing Co. .. ican aca wah Perfection Motor Co. ..... 2. du +4. Quebec Government Sees avis Wen 8, + ht Be te Ranney Fish Co. ai The ryt Sane es s Seattle Astoria iron Works ete seas Schmidt Litho S93 iia ia-d 8S sea ae Silver, H. R. Ltd. aie nae Spooner, W. R. . csi Stamford Foundry Co., Ltd. . St. Thomas Packing Co., Ltd. Smith Cannery Machines Co. .. . Seythes & Co., Ltd. a ee : Swedish Steel and Tecporting Co., Lita. Tower’s Canadian, Limited .. .. .. . Vhay Fisheries Co, .. Wallace Fisheries Limited . Walter, Thos, Son, Ltd . . Poee | oe os rns Wannenwetsch, ©. H. A. & Co. THOR + se eee Ward, W. A. & Co. . Peewee. Western Packers .. .. ++. 1. ** mm Se ree * Yarmouth Trading Co. rk. eee, CANADIAN FISHERMAN with the Red Line ‘Round the Top There’s all the difference in the world between ordinary fishermen’s boots and Goodrich- the kind that wont leak or peel, and which wear far beyond your expectation. — And all this additional comfort and greater economy is yours if -youll merely be careful to look Sixty thousand dealers recommend Goodrich Hipress -—- se ae ‘ Ht Ht TWO OF THE OLDEST LANDMARKS IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL To the Trade: We suggest for the Summer Season you place a standing order with us for your weekly supplies of FISH. We guarantee you quality and service. Here is a few of the lines we recommend. FRESH: Haddock, Codfish, Halibut, Salmon, Dore, Lake Trout, Whitefish, Pike. SMOKED: Eels, Fillets, Haddies, Bloaters, Kippers, Digby Chicks. SALTED: Boneless or Dried Codfish, Labrador Salmon, Mackerel, Sea Trout, Herrings, Codfish Tongues and Sounds, Imported Scotch and Holland Herrings, etc. CANADIAN FISHERMAN WHAT THE UNITED ST THINKS OF “LIOD 22 FURNESS WITHY BUILDING PHONE SACKVILLE 549 DIVISION OF OPERATIONS UNITED STATES SHIPPING BOARD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION HALIFAX, N. S. * WHEN ANSWERING OFFICE OF THE AGENT REFER TO FILE... coe: April 26th., 1920, FROM: 0, 8 Nye, District Agent, United States Shipping Board, Halifax, N. 8. TO: R. L. Graham, Esq., Manager, Consumers Cordage Co., Ltd., Dartmouth, N, 8, SUBJECT: = Towing hawser supplied 8,8,*Lake Ellithorpe’ - Dear sir: Complying with your request relative to the test given the 15" towing hawser you supplied us for the purpose of towing our §.8.'Lake Ellithorpe! from Halifax to Portland, it is with much pleasure that I submit to you the following facts, The §,8,'Lake Ellithorpe! while en route from Fowey, England to Portlend, Maine with a oargo of twenty-eight hundred tons of China olay, became totally disabled by the loss of her propellor, on Maroh 7th., during a heavy apart miles south-west of Sable Island and after a very hard struggle, during wolch time she very nearly stranded on the bars of Sable Island, she was successfully picked up by and towed to Halifax by the Furness Liner ‘Maplemore* arri- ving in Halifax, Friday, Maroh 12th, On the arrival of the 'Lake Ellithorpet at Halifax, it was found that in order to install a new propelior, it would be necessary to discharge her cargo in oraer to place her in drydook, as the cone struction of the ship and the nature of her oargo woula not permit her cod safely tipped to install the new wheel and it wag therefore deoided, in order to. save time and enormous expense in discharging and reloading the oargo, to tow the 'Lake Ellithorpe’ to her destination, Portland, Maine, The 8 S.'Eastside' owned by the United States Shipping Board, arrived in Halifax on Maroh 16tRy and inetruotions promptly given the Eastside to tow the ‘Lake Ellithorpe' to Portland, CANADIAN FISHERMAN ES SHIPPING BOARD | RAND” ROPE DIVISION OF OPERATIONS Unitep States SHIPPING BoarRD EMERGENCY FLEET CORPORATION HALIFAX, N. S. 4 : : WHEN ANSWERING i OFFICE OF THE AGENT REFER TO FILE * April 26th., 1920, a BR L. Graham, Bsq., Manager, a Subject: Towing Hawser, 4 As neither the 'Easteide! or the 'Lake Elli- ee thorpe! had the proper towing equipment, it was =. decided by the,Masters of both these ships that in a order to insure the safety of both ships in undertaking E the tow, that a 15" hawser should be supplied and it q was therefore ordered from your Company and as I under-~ a =-stand turned out and delivered in record time aboard = 8.8,'Lake Ellithorpe! approsimately twenty-nine hours 5 from the time the order was given, ra The instructions for the 'Zastside! to tow the & ‘Lake Ellithorpe' to Portland were revoked however, * and the 'Zastside' proceeded on her voyage to New York, (a but on the arrival of the Shipping Board 8.8, ‘Western? Comet*at this port on March 28th,, instructions were . given to the 'Western Comet! to tow the ‘Lake Ellithorpe! to Portland, i® ae he a es The 'Western Comet! after oompleting nececsary minor repairs at this Port, left Halifax with the 'Lake [Er Ellithorpe'in tow at 3,30 P.M, Wednesday, Maroh 31lst., : the weather gonditions being ideal at that time and |e the tow arrivpd at Portland Lightship, at the entrance 5. of Portland Harbour at 6 P, M, Friday April 2nd,, : whioh I believe is very near record run for a tow of i this kind, having completed the voyage from Halifax to Portland in approximately fifty hours, There oan be nasdoubt as to the excellent quality of the material used in manufacturing this hawser and it was pronounced by both the Masters of the ‘Western Comet! and 'Lake Ellithorpe! as being one of the finest pieces of rope they had ever seen and I sitcerely trust it will prove of muoh valuable service for towing purposes in the future, Very truly yours, - . CG; 8. Nye, tan /s. DISTRICT AGENT: 10 ; : CANADIAN FISHERMAN a | Tha Fisheries of — Nova Scotia Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources | _ Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of | ee Fish and Fish Products 4 - and - Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment | | | @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, : Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various 3 Shell Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore fisheries. @ The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore : fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled ; opportunities for the economical exploitation by fishing vessels of’ E of the larger type. ‘ 9 q Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. lf You Are Buying Fish— If You Have Capital To Invest— lf You Are a Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRITE W. B. MacCOY, *“riinmisaion” 197 Hollis St., Halifax CANADIAN FISHERMAN ll il BOOTH FISHERIES CANADIAN COMPANY, LTD. Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur TORONTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | | Chamcook, N.B. | | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth ‘Feokaries Company of Canada, Ltd., Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. 12 CANADIAN FISHERMAN W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, - MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘'VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG”’ ‘““NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillet, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring - Sea Fish ee a) a “Get CANADIAN FISHERMAN 13 Exceptional Angling —Opportunities— are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- elusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of tha St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec CANADIAN FISHERMAN Codes: 3 Cable Address: Armsby A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners iS M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. “Ss Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACROSSE” "OOCRL YE. “SUNDIAL” “COHOES" “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS" “‘ Brokers.”’ CANADIAN FISHERMAN ee Pe ee pe “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Limited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Fifty Years Supplying The Canadian Fishermen With the experience and knowledge gained from these long years of service we are able to take care of your require- ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of :— Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, Lamps of all types, Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. CANADIAN FISHERMAN * oe, J ‘ a A a ” P q clolp} |! a | HER|Ri|N ’ » “4h > | CANNED _QE-SMOKED —FISH—AVI canNep SALMON PILCHARDS ; HERRING: LOBSTER ERISA A aT ALTE ae A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry. 4 . SUBSCRIPTION: he Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. $1.00 x Teited Wehtee UMN MineWhare os ks 3 em Sees I. OBO payable in advance Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should be in the publisher’s hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. 1919. SS = = MONTREAL OFFICE: - == = TORONTO OFFICE: A. 8S. Christie, Eastern Mgr. H. W. Thompson, Western 205 Drammond B Manager Telephone, Uptown s VANCOUVER OFFICE: , Cc. P. BR. Blig., cor. King F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative and Yonge Sts. 528 Winch Bldg. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co., Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS - - - . - Gardenvale Que. " riers ~ ' Hepnceeneee PULP AND PAPER, MACHINERY CANADIAN FISHERMAN Production Plus Quality HE craftsman of a generation ago is the skilled operative of today Intensive wants, competition, inven- tion have begotten intensive methods. Everything has changed—everything except the demand for quality. And today quality must unite with economy if the result is to be successful. n! Today Canada demands increased pro- ‘duction. More goods, an ever-increasing supply—and quality must be maintained with the increase of quantity. The old craftsman often took years to perform the task that the skilled mechanic now accom- plishes in a day. ; Machinery has done this and today The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co. Limited are making it possible for the artisan to do the work of the master-craftsman at lightning speed. For quality of product, quality of tools is necessary. The workman does the job, but the machine assures : mechanical precision—all those details which insure a product satis- factory in its last analysis. That is why Fairbanks-Morse machine tools should always be specified. There is behind each lathe, grinder, shaper, planer, and so on down to the smallest tool, the dominating spirit of The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse institution, the never-relaxing effort to give 100% quality of produce and service. The Canadian Fairbanks -Morse Co. Limited Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods Halifax. St.John Quebec Montreal Ottawa . Toronto Hamilton St. Catharines Windsor Winnipeg Saskatoon Regina Calgary Vancouver Victoria ee Nuk lee, ee ee ee. ee = ape Ta oe oe 4 os ae = ° ‘ 4 B, , : Of this amount Newfoundland received $1,500,000 and eastern Canadian provinces maintained October, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 218 Ete! ORAL NATIONAL FISH DAY. The annual National Fish Day inaugurated in 1915 *by Vice-President J. A. Paulhus of the Canadian Fish- eries Association will be maintained by the Associa- tion’s Publicity Committee and a plan of campaign is being discussed. The last National Fish Day was held on November llth 1919, but many dealers think that the date is not the best for the fish trade as many centers make a holiday of the day to celebrate the ending of the Great War and stores are closed. The date for the 1920 National Fish Day has not yet been decided but the Secretary of the C. F. A., at pre- sent in Great Britain, will study British fish publicity and propaganda methods and possibly apply some of them to the next National Fish Day. It is the intention of the Association to pull off the event before the close of the year and the date will probably be around mid-December. “HOW LONG, 0 LORD, HOW LONG ?”’ If our conception of what is meant by wasted money - is the general conception, it is hard to understand how the government can countenance the deliberate doling out of $160,000 year after year to Atlantic fishermen in paltry amounts, to serve absolutely no legitimate purpose. When the fishing industry is literally star- ying for assistance in other quarters it seems nothing short of scandalous that such wanton waste should continue unchecked. In this enlightened age public :.. money should not be expended to continue any &s- tablished precedent merely because of the precedent or its political significance. In a private business enter- prise results are expected where money is spent. In other words full value is received. Is there any reason that this principle should be departed from because the money expended is public property? ah Away back in 1877 the Halifax Fisheries Commission decided that the government at Washington should pay the sum of $5,500,000 in lieu of certain privileges granted her fishermen operating in northern waters. that the FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE Editor Ottawa decided that the money was the property of the people as a whole. The discussion see-sawed for the next three or four years until finally the government of the day, at the approach of a general election, granted a sum of $150,- 000 annually for distribution among Atlantic fisher- men, ostensibly for the purpose of encouraging building and fitting out of improved fishing vessels. In 1891 the grant was increased by $10,000 and since that year Atlantie fishermen have received an annual bounty distribution of $160,000. The ludicrous side of the situation is exposed when the aetual payments to fishermen are analysed. Taking departmental report that the payment to vessel owners the fiscal year 1916-17 as an example, it is noted from the department report that the payment to vessel own-° ers did not exceed in any one instance $80, boats own- ers were donated $1 apiece; vessel fishermen received the munificent sum of $6.45 each, and boat fishermen were presented with the sum of $4.10 each. And mind you the payment in each individual case, accordingly to the original grant, was ‘‘to encourage the building and fitting out of improved fishing vessels’’ and other- wise promote better conditions. We can appreciate just how much of the money was applied as intended and if so, how far it went. In reality the original grant was the purchase of political support. The profit accruing to the fishing industry generally by the expenditure of such an amount was not a matter of consideration. The re- cipients of the bounty have regarded and still regard it as easy money and use it accordingly. While the sin of the government of that day was reprehensible in its commission, the present administration at Ottawa must be held equally culpable for its sin of ommission— its neglect to correct a mistake of long standing. It is not suggested that fishermen should be deprived of the use of the grant, but it is insisted that the money should be judiciously spent. Why not employ the amount to assist fishermen in installing motors in their boats. In England a similar system has met with tremendous success. There are many ways in which it could be applied to help the industry but, that the fishermen may not have occasion for complaint that the bonus is being taken from them, let it be spent to $4,000,000 awarded by the Halifax Commission belong- ed to them because of their direct interest in the fish- _ eries concerned. Their view did not carry, however 214 serve them directly in some such project as suggested above. God knows our fisheries administration at Ottawa is skimped for money. But for heaven’s sake let it spend what money it has available to serve the best interests of the industry. PRINCE RUPERTS CAR SHORTAGE | Railway Commission hears evidence and speedy readjustment is hoped for. It is with deep interest that we note that the Railway Commission sat in Prince Rupert, B. ©. recently and heard evidence regarding the fish car shortage. We can guess.the nature of evidence submitted because the editor has accumulated data on the same subject for many months past and is familiar with actual con- ditions. Kach month there has been a shortage of from twenty to thirty fish ears. This means that from two hundred to three hundred tons of fish which could be marketed profitably have been witheld from the consumer. Not only has Prince Rupert suffered by this loss of trade but the public generally has had its fish supply is seriously curtailed. The-ambitious little British Columbia town has fared badly of late and in justice to its people and to the fishing industry ge- nerally it is hoped the railway commission will speed the construction of the necessary railway equipment to adequately handle the trade. OUR SCIENTIST WORK. Unusual interest centred upon the annual convention of the American Fisheries Society which was held at Otawa the latter part of September. Despite the fact that the organization has completed fifty years of existence, never before did its members. convene on Canadian soil. The government, through the Fisher- ies Department, acted as the host and the proceedings throughout were marked by the utmost cordiality. International deliberations of this character are deser- ving of the greatest encouragement. The interchange of ideas and opinions makes for the general improve- ment of all, and, which is of infinite importance, a greater sympathy is bred for the views and feelings of others, provincial ideals are discarded, and interna- tional affiliations are strengthened. There were many excellent papers read and the ex- change of views should be profitable to those concerned with the scientific phase of the fishing industry. Of greater general interest, however, was the move to bring into closer association the commercial and scien- tifie interests. The question was discussed at the business meetings and repeatedly introduced. W. A. Found, assistant deputy minister of fisheries at Ottawa, went into the subject at length when adressing the visitors at a banquet in Chateau Laurier, and A. H. Brittain, past president of the Canadian Fisheries Asso- ciation, dwelt upon the point on the same oceasion. And it is undoubtedly true that the two interests should co-operate more closely. In the final analysis scientifie investigations and researches are conducted for no other purpose than to improve the industry commercially, whether the immediate aim be to con- serve certain species, to remove destroying elements, to learn the anatomical structure of a fish or acquire information ag to its habits. The seientifie group may be likened to the laboratory staff in the Westinghouse plant or some other industrial organization. It is a unit of the general system, and an essential unit. But it is just as ridiculous to suggest that the scientist and CANADIAN FISHERMAN -the fish of the sea must move about in some e _effort may be more definitely directed to October 1920. and the practical fishermen should go about their business regardless of what the other is doing as it to suggest that the laboratory of. the Westinghouse plant be removed to Honolulu and that the main plant and the laboratory continue as two separate ins tions. : te What is required today is practical co-operi between the two interests. The same organi: could be effected as maintains in an industrial | The practical fisherman and the commercial in have many problems which they want solved and are the ones which the ‘laboratory staff’ shou at work on. Our present loose arrangement leave: the problem to be studied largely to the selection the scientist and its practical importance may small. 5, 5 Mr Found touched upon a few of these pr problems at the banquet in the Chateau. He out that about twelve millions of dollars are wasted, annually in the fishing industry in offal. — Council of Scientific and Industrial Research esti a loss of $10,000,000 in waste and $2,000,000 in it not possible to avoid this loss? Is it not ay problem for the scientist to devise some mea preserving fish offal from putrefaction until it be accumulated at a central reduction plant locate some inexpensive arrangement for offal locally ? ; ; ; The prevailing system of icing fish to preserve transit to interior markets, is not satisfactor Found declared. Would it not be of infinite vah the industry if some superior process could be b forward? Is this not a practical problem scientist ? het Then consider the multitude of problems upon shoulders of the actual fisherman. Is he able to his fish by any logical process ? It’s guess work. surely where all things in nature respond to fixed le system. Is it not possible to find just why fish go certain places at certain times, and is it-x possible, knowing conditions, to foretell where go fishing may be found ? i, These are some concrete examples of what prove profitable and suggest a means whereby scie supp! the commercial end of the game. WONDERFUL FISHERY FILMS, — The Fisheries Department, through its organized Publicity and Marketing Di h cured a wonderful collection of moving os still photographs of many branches of the fishit dustry in the maritime provinees, which will pre splendid ammunition for propaganda work, : Messrs E. M. Finn and B. J, Bach, expert cam " men with the Department of Trade and Commere spent the entire summer in the east and took in entire coast of the maritime provinces from the tigouche River to Halifax. They seeured exce sport picures in northern New Brunswick and ‘‘shot some exceptionally fine films of the industry gene A tuna fishing picture, taken about Chester and F bard’s, N. S. will be screened in Canada very soon. Altogether the 15,000 or more feet of exposed film and the three hundred or more negatives compr one of the best collections of fishery pictorial data i existence, The work reflects credit upon the phe tographers and also upon the Fisheries Departme | October, 1920. GANADIAN _ under whose direction they worked. It is understood the pictures are to be circulated broadeast throughout _ the world. Infinite good should aeerug from this method of advertising the Canadian industry and fish dealers supplying foreign markets should not be slow to take advantage of the assistance the department is furnishing. The films will be educating to our own people as will as outsiders. DIRECT FOREIGN TRADE The advisability of supplying our foreign markets with fish direct seems to be pretty generally appre- ciated but the obstacles in the way of developing a direct trade are manifold. First and foremost comes that old bogey-custom. What foolish things we do and what ridiculous practices we maintain just because they have been the methods followed by previous ge- nerations. In a good many instances our good judge- ment takes second place to our respect for custom or precedent. Why not let common sense prevail? There is always an attraction to the course of least resist- - anee, but it is not always the wisest or most profitable. Why is it that such a large proportion of Canadian fish exported is shipped through an American port and handled by American brokers? In days gone by it may have been properly maintained that better trans- portation facilities could be secured via New York. But conditions have changed today. Steamers opera- ting from Canadian ports connect with all the impor- tant markets and if they are not already equipped with refrigerated space to accommodate this fish and other perishable traffic, it will be but a very short until they are. So, hence forward, all conditions being equal, routing via a Canadian port is both good business and consistent patriotism, But a more serious obstacle than this rooted custom seems to be the matter of inspection of good before they are accepted. The broker acting in New York or Chieago, according to the prevailing system, passes upon the quality of the goods. Inspection, therefore, seems es- sential for the protection of both the buyer and the seller. Some exporters assert that no matter what FISHERMAN 215 inducements are offered otherwise the present system cannot’ be superceded until government standardi- zation and inspection of all canned and cured fish are made compulsory. If for no other reason than to develop direct trade compulsory government inspection is to be desired. Men who stand prominently in the forefront in the industry are the strongest advocates of government inspection. The export of carelessly cured and care- lessly packed products, advertised to the world as Canadian production, is a handicap to the trade ge- nerally and until the possibility of exporting such pro- ducts is eliminated Canada will not be put on a fair competitive basis with other fish producing countries. Despite immediate hardships and unpleasantries invol- ved, compulsory inspection will ultimately make for prosperity because each and every parcel of fish then exported will bear the stamp which means that the Dominion government stands behind the article. New- foundland has caught the idea in its new regulations governing the curing, packing and grading of fish. As in a good many other instances, Canada will wake up when her competitors have got the upper hand. The war has given Canada a sentimental advantage but the preference is not being properly worked. How many prizefighters have lost in the eruéial test because of over-confidence. In the matter of trade as in every- thing else, we should keep ourselves in good condition. Meet our competitors at every turn. Leave nothing to chance. STUDIES LOBSTER AND SCALLOP Andrew Hackett, naturalist, Fisheries Branch, De- partment of Marine and Fisheries, has returned to Otta- wa after spending the major portion of the summer months around Bay Chaleur and Anticosti Island conti- nuing his study on the life history of the lobster. He made observations at many points and accumulated some interesting biological data. From the north shore of New Brunswick he went to Lunenburg eounty, N.S., when he made a brief investigation into the condition of the seallop fishery. - Why Not Vary Your Fish Menu? especially, you have an unusually wide variety ot F 1 A 7 Wel iorect For kormorrow. wh (A pometping. aged PP ° DELICIOUS FRESH HERRINGS—¥TOUNDERS—SMELTS FoR FRYING — CHICKEN LOBSTERS — HALIBUT STEAKS — FRESH RTLAND HADDOCK. “RGETABLES~—ATT © ton’’. from Canso, other Canadian points. Big Catch of Haddock at Boston AN ARGUMENT AGAINST DUTY-FREE FISH. Herewith are re-produced two advertisements of two aggressive and up-to-date fish dealers in a large Canadian city. One mentions ‘‘haddock from Port- land’’ and the other is boosting ‘‘haddock from Bos- Canadian fish producers could flood the Can- adian markets with haddock, but evidently fish from Boston and Portland is given preference over fish Hawkesbury, Lockeport, Halifax and 216 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Scientific Research at McGill _ University ~~ ae = af | : ee Every University has three great functions to per- form if it is to fulfill its proper duty in a community. These are :— : ; : (a) The Dissemination of Knowledge (in Teaching). (b) The Preservation of Knowledge (in Libraries and Museums). (ec) The Advancement of Knowledge (by Research and Discovery). é The last mentioned task, that of adding and increas- ing the fund of human knowledge, is, in many ways, the highest function that a really great university can perform, for the world can advance only by having at its command an ever increasing field of knowledge, which is power and which makes for progress. For the opening up of new fields of knowledge, we are dependent chiefly on the universities of the world. In this great work, MeGill University has occupied a foremost place among the universities of the Dominion. From the days of Sir William Dawson to the present time, there have always been members of the staff en- gaged in important scientific researches at McGill, and a continuous series of papers setting forth the dis- coveries made in these researches have been issued from the University. A general reference only can here be made to a few of these investigations. The Department of Physics at McGill University from the time of its foundation, has attracted the at- tention of the whole scientific world through a series of brilliant researches carried out in the Macdonald Physies Building by a succession of distinguished men of science who have occupied the Professorships in this department — researches which have advanced our whole knowledge and conception of the constitution of matter and the laws of the Universe. Of these men Professor (now Sir Ernest) Rutherford is worthy of a foremost place. His investigations in the field of Radidactivity were of a character so strik- ing and so far reaching, that they opened up a new world of scientific knowledge, and at the completion of nine years of continuous work at MeGill University, and having refused in suecession the appointment of the headship of the Department of Physics of nine of the foremost universities of the United States, he was ealled to the head of the Department of Physies in the University of Manchester as a stepping stone to the Professorship of Physies in the University of Cam- bridge, which he now holds and which is recognized as the leading professorship in this department of science in the English speaking world, He attracted to McGill a band of younger men whom he associated with him in his work, and many of whom have since achieved marked distinction, among whom may be mentioned Dr. Soddy, now at the University of Oxford, Professor Eve, now head of the Department of Physics at MeGill University, who rendered such excellent service during the war in the invention of methods for submarine detection, and Professor Louis Vessot King of the same department, whose recent work on Fog Signalling in the Gulf of St. Lawrence has attracted such widespread ~Penhallow and Lloyd in Botany, Professor Ai attention, also Professor Boyle, now at the Univ of Alberta, Professor MeClung, now at the Uni of Manitoba, and many others who flocked to boratories of MeGill Universities, not only United States and Britain, but from Germany and parts of the Continent of Europe, to study with Other men of marked distinction have ca researches in this Department at McGill in other of work. Professor Calendar in the accurate meé ment of high temperatures, Professor Barnes properties of ice and the conditions prevent formation, researches which have a very diree practical bearing on many Canadian problems. names of Professor Cox and of Dr. (now P Tory should also here be mentioned, as well as Dr. A. N. Shaw, Dr. J. A. Gray, whose excellen sounding ranging during the war is well knov other younger men in the McGill Department of now engaged in research work of importance and promise to carry on in a worthy manner the trad of old MeGill. In the Department of Electrical Engineering in many ways is related to the Department of I the researches of Professors Herdt and Dal well as those of Brig.-General Andrew MaeN; and Mr. E. Bieler may be mentioned. Sat The extended researches of Dr. T. Sterry Dr. B. J. Harrington into the mineral resources of ( ada first drew attention to the Chemical Laborato of McGill University, and since their time issued from these laboratories a continuous contributions to chemical science. Dr. Ruttan staff of twenty-one chemists, including many younu investigators, are now engaged, in ad¢ their teaching duties, in carrying out researe various recondite problems, a chemical science is the foundation stone of great fields of mod dustry. Seat, 3 hea In the Natural Sciences, MeGill has also ne foremost place in the world of research, , Willey, F.R.S., and Dr. Stafford in Zoology, have most important contributions to the knowledge of respective sciences, In Geology, the work of Sir liam Dawson covered many fields and is well known to all, that of Dr. Frank D. Adams, his successor, in the Logan Chair of Geology, on the ancient crystalline — rocks of Canada, on the problems of metamorphi the origin of ore deposits, and more recently on elasticity of rocks, (with Dr, Bancroft), and their de- formation and flow under great pressures, has thrown light upon many fundamental questions eonecernin the earth and its past history, and has received wid spread recognition on both continents, In various branches of Engineering, MeGill has also. made important original contributions to the fund. mental principles of the respective sciences, Among these may be mentioned the researches of Professor Nicholson into the conditions which obtain within th i es. ee October, 1920. CANADIAN eylinders of a steam engine when in operation, the work Professors Porter and Durley on Canadian coals and e most efficient methods of their utilization, that of r. Coker, now Professor of Mechanical Engineering in University College, London, on action of metals un- and Mr. Batho, on the deformation of bridge members under stress, may be especially mentioned- The work of Dr. Stansfield on the Electric Furnace nd its adaptation to industrial needs is well known. In the Faculty of Medicine the name of Sir William Osler stands out pre-eminent among the many men who have made important contributions to the great science and art of healing at McGill. His name, in fact, oc- eupies a foremost place among the great physicians of the world ,and his great text-book of Medicine is a classic wherever medicine is taught. In the newly established ‘Faculty of Agriculture, ‘important researches have been carried out by Prin- er stress, and that of Professors Mackay and Brown. FISHERMAN 217 cipal Harrison and members of the staff at Macdonald College, an institution which, in the future, even more than in the past, will follow along lines of agricultural research and investigation looking to the solution of many of the*pressing problems with which Canadian agriculture is now face to face. In addition to its labors in research and teaching, the staff of McGill University have contributed to the development of the Dominion of Canada itself by their services on many Government Commissions and Boards, such as the Commission of Conservation, the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Civil Service Commission, various War Boards, ete. It is hoped that the appeal which McGill University is now making to the public for increased endowments will meet with a generous response, thus enabling the Governors of the University to provide the méans necessary for the continuation of the excellent work which McGill has been doing and which redounds in a large measure to the credit of the whole Dominion. The first Pan-Pacifie Scientifie Conference was held in Honolulu, August 2, 1920. This Conference was called by the Pan-Pacific Union and invitations were sent out to various institutions in all countries border- ing on the Pacific to send representatives. In response, four delegates were sent from Japan, four from the Philippines, six from Australia, two from New Zealand and one from Canada, besides many from the main- _ land of the United States and from the Hawaiian islands. Captain Potts of Trinity College, Cambridge, who was with Dr. Mayor of the Carnegie Institution on an expedition to Samoa, also attended the Con- ference: In all there were over 100 delegates of which about 40 were from the Hawaiian islands. Besides these 40 delegates many others attended meetings and otherwise took part in the proceedings. The Conference was called for a three-fold purpose : _ First, to take stock of the work that has been done in the various sciences, in and around the Pacific ; Second, to come to some definite conclusions as to which of the more pressing problems can be attacked with the greatest likelihood of early suecess and Third, to con- sider in what ways the greatest cooperation can be secured, in Pacifie investigation, in order that duplie- ation of effort may be avoided. The preliminary work in arranging for the Confer- ence was earried out by a committee of which Dr. H. E. _ Gregory, Director of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu, and Professor of Geology, Yale University, was Chaiman. To him much of the success was due. _ For the consideration of general topics the Confer- ence met in one body, but as several sciences were represented, the Conference was divided into sections for the discussion of more special matters. There were seven of these sections, as follows: 1. Anthropology, 2. Zoology, 3. Botany, 4. Entomology, 5. Geography, ineluding Geodesy, Topography, Physical Oceano- graphy, Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism, 6. Geology and 7: Seismology and Volcanology. The general sessions were held in the Throne Room of the Palace (now the Capital), and meetings of sect- the Library of Hawaii, in the Mission Memorial in the University Club. The Senate : The Pan-Pacific Scientific Conference Chamber was used as an office for registration, inform- ation, ete. As the University Club put its building at the dis- posal of the Congress, this place became the general rendezvous during the whole period of the Congress. Most of the delegates met here for luncheon and each day a speaker was provided to give a talk during the luncheon hour. Several of these speakers were mem- bers of the Congress and other members spoke at various Club and Association meetings held in other parts of the city. ; No attempt will be made to cover the ground taken up in all the diseussion or even those of special interest to members of the C.F.A. but it might be worth while to give an outline of the procedure, day by day, in order that some idea of the magnitude of the Conference may be obtained (and incidentally the royal manner in which the Congress was entertained). It may be understood that the afternoons were taken up with meetings of sections (referred to later) unless there is statement to the contrary. Conference Procedure: Monday, Aug. 2, 9 am. Opening of Congress, Presiding Officer, Dr. H. E. Gregory: Adresses of weleome: é Hon. ©. J. MeCarthy, Governor of Hawaii; Hon. George R. Carter. Ex-Governor of Hawaii: Dr, A. L. Dean, President of the University of Hawaii; Dr. H. P. Agee, Director Experiment Station Staff, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association; Mr. A- F. Judd, President Board of Trustees, Bishop Museum. Addresses on ‘‘Salient features of Science of Hawaii’’ by representatives of the different sciences. At this meeting the organization for the Conference was conpleted. Dr. H. E. Gregory was eleeted Chair- man and Dr. A. L. Dean, Vice-Chairman and Secretary. Tuesday, Aug. 3,9 a.m. Diseussion. Ocean Currents and their significance. Presiding Officer, Dr. (C. MeLean Fraser. Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. 8 p.m, Complimentary Smoker given by the Univer. 218 sity Club. Lecture. ‘‘Hawaiian Trails and Mount- ains’’, Dr. V. MaecCaughey, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Hawaii. Wednesday, Aug. 4, 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. Excursion. In ~ motor cars to Nuuanu Pali. Back to the city and out through sugar and pineapple plantations to Heleiwa on the north coast. Adresses at various points of interest on the way. Cavalry review at Schofield Barracks- Visit to the sugar mill in operation on the Waialua plantation. Return to Honolulu around the coast by rail—Courtesy of the Oahu Railway and Land Com- pany. Tbursday, Aug. 5, 9 a.m. Discussion.—The origin of the Hawaiian Fauna and Flora. Presiding Officer, Dr. J. A- Cushman, Boston Society of Natural History. 4-6 p.m. Reception by the Trustees of the Bishop Museum, at the Museum Buildings. 8pm. Lecture. Mapping of lands and charting of seas, Dr. W. Bowie, U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington. Friday, Aug. 6, 9 a.m. in the Pacifie. Presiding Officer, Dr. F. Wood-Jones, Professor of Anatomy, University of South Australia, Adelaide. 6.30 p.m. Dinner given by Governor McCarthy at the Moana Hotel. Saturday, Aug. 7, 9 am. Discussion.—Relation of Ocean Currents to Organisms: Presiding Officer, Dr. L. A. Cotton, Professor of Geology, University of Syd- ney, N.S.W. 3 p.m. Left Honolulu for the island of Hawaii on Steamer Mauna Kea. Sunday, Aug. 8, 7.30 a.m. Arrived at Hilo. 8. a.m- to 1 p.m. Exeursion by rail northwestward along the coast of Hawaii, through the sugar planta- tions, and return to Hilo. Compliments of the Hawaiian Consolidates Railroad. Lunch at Tilo. By motor car to Voleano House at the rim of the Kilauea erater. : 7 p.m. By motor car to Haleamaumau, the ‘‘ House of Everlasting Fire’’, a crater within the large crater of Kilauea. Monday. Aug. 9,8 a.m. to 1 p.m. By motor to Haleam- aumau and other points of volcanic interest. 2pm. Discussion.—Voleanism in the Pacific. Pres- iding Officer, Dr. L. H. Daingerfield, Meteorologist, US. Weather Bureau, Honolulu. Tuesday, Aug. 10, 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. Two exeursions, the one to the flowing lava of Kilauea and thie other to the bird forests. 2 p.m. Discussion. Seismology in the Pacific: Presiding Officer, Dr. E. C. Andrews, Geological Sur- vey, New South Wales. Wednesday, Aug. 11. 7.30 a.m. to5 p.m. Exeursion by motor car from the Voleano House around the south end of the island of Hawaii to Napoopoo on the west coast. Items of greatest interest, lava flows and coffee plantations: 7 p.m. On board the steamer ‘‘Kilauea’’ for the night. Dinner, bed and breakfast. Compliments of the Inter-Island Transportation Company. Thursday, Aug. 12, 6 am. Ashore from the ‘“‘Kilauea’’. Motor trip to old City of Refuge, then northward along the west coast of the island to Kailua. 12m. On board the ‘‘Kilauea’’ for Honolulu. Friday, Aug. 13, 530 a.m. Reached Honolulu. No general session. 1.30 p.m. to 8 p.m. Motor and walking exeursion to Mt Tantalus. Saturday, Aug. 14, 9 a.m. Disenssion.—The Frame- CANADIAN FISHERMAN : “try Club. Discussion-—Race relations — “noticeable when the Conference was meeting portance to the Pacific Coast of Canada being work of the Pacific. Presiding Officer, Dr. T. ¥ Vaughan, Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey. ‘ - 6.30 p.m. Chowder Supper by the Pacifie © the home of John Guild, Kaalawai. Monday, Aug. 16, 9 a.m. Diseussion—Mappi Pacific. Presiding Officer, Dr. J. A. Thompson tor, Dominion Museum, Welli n, N.Z. 5 4 p.m. to 6 p.m. Reception by University of on the University Campus. re Tuesday, Aug. 17,9 a.m. Presentation by see programmes for research: Presiding Officer, Dr Merrill, Director Philippine Bureau of Science, Man 8 p.m. Lecture. Coral Reefs in the Pacific. A. G. Mayor, Carnegie Institution. Wednesday, Aug. 18, 9 am. Discussion — of Scientists for Pacifie work. Presiding Off N- Yamasaki, Professor of Geography, Imper: ersity, Tokio. 7 p.m. Hawaiian Dinner. x PE Compliments of the Thursday, Aug. 19, 9 a.m. Diseussion.—M: Methods of Cooperation. Presiding Officer, Sussmilch, Director School of Technology, N.S.W- 8 p.m. Lecture. Nature and Man in the P Dr. E. D. Merrill. : 5 Friday, Aug. 20, 9 am. Discussion. bearing on problems for research. Presidi Dr. A- L. Dean, President of the University 7 p.m. Conference Dinner. Courtesy Co For each of these discussions on general t eral individuals (enough to oceupy the greater the time available) were asked to take part cussion. After each address, or in some after all the addresses on the subject were topic was thrown open to general discussi was possible to get not only a general expt also a great variety of viewpoints on every considered. j a In the consideration of these general questions 1 unfortunate that there was a Canadian represent in-only one of the sciences but this was much ions, since at times there were questions of in all or nearly all of the sections at the same time it was physically as well as mentally impo one individual to attend all these meetings. 1 cases joint meetings of two or more sections to diseuss matters of common interest and out somewhat. It follows, therefore, that this report, section discussions are concerned, must be confi largely to zoology. In any case this will include of that which would be most interesting to m of the C.F.A. : a The Section of Zoology was one of the larg the sections. Dr. Charles Chilton, Professor of Biol Canterbury College, Christ-chureh, N-Z., presided. discussions in the section were entirely informa subject for diseussion was set for each meeting every one who wished (which usually included alm everyone) came prepared to take part. There wel no set papers read. Each one spoke from the star point of his own work, experience and interests ¢ asked questions to become familiar with the view of others. Of course all the zoologists present not primarily interested in fisheries but few sub diseussed had no bearing on fisheries problems. Ame ¥ COnTH CANADIAN ose who were especially interested in these problems ‘ht be mentioned Dr. H. F. Moore, Deputy Com- sioner of Fisheries, Washington, Dr. B. Evermann, rector California Academy of Sciences, San Fran- seo, Dr. K. Kishinouye, Professor of Zoology, Imp- é University, Tokio, and Dr. C. H. Edmonson, Pro- fessor of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu: The gist of the discussion in the interest of the fish- ies was embodied in the resolutions concerning marine ology that were presented by the sections of Zoology, ptany and Entomology to the general conference rhere they were adopted. The subjects for discussion rtained to. value, distribution and conservation of e fisheries, the facilities at the Biological Stations, useums, ete.,.in which work on Pacifie material forms important part and the interrelationships between ology and other sciences as far as Pacific problems coneerned. : The resolutions are as follows: Whereas, The necessity for conservation of natural sources has become imperative, since, in the case of the Pacifie Ocean, certain economic marine species jave been exterminated and others are in peril of xtinetion or grave depletion, and Whereas, Measures for such conservation must be ased on exact knowledge of the life-histories of marine ganisms, and _ Whereas, Knowledge of the Biological, physical and chemical phenomena of the Pacifie ocean is meagre and wholly inadequati: to serve as the basis for rational onservation, therefore be it resolved 1. That the Conference recommends that the Goy- nments of the several countries bordering on the Pacific ocean cooperate, through their several agencies meerned in surveying and charting the sea, toward the collection, compilation and publication of data lating to the topography of the bottom, and the tem- peratures, salinities, acidities, currents and other phy- ical and chemical properties of the waters of this an, fundamental to biological research and the provement and conservation of the fisheries. . That the Conference recommends that the Gov- -ernments of the several countries bordering on the ‘Pacifie ocean enter upon a comprehensive, systematic, biological survey of the Pacific ocean and its contained islands, with special reference to the economic fisheries problems and that the investigation be carried on, in- sofar as possible, through existing agencies, such agen- ies to be provided with the additional apparatus and facilities necessary, such investigation to be carried ‘on under such cooperation as will prevent duplication effort. 2 3. That the Conference recommends that the several useums, biological stations and other institutions engaged in biological investigations relating to the acifie ocean, associate themselves for the purpose of exchanging information, concerning past, current and proposed investigations, the exchange of facilities and personnel, the coordination of work and prevention of duplication in their respective activities. It is further recommended that a survey be made of the facilities afforded by the several institutions, both as respects material, equipment and environment and the personal ualifieations of the respective staffs for agate tial information and working up material. is - Fee ended that the National Research of Washington, D.C., be invited to undertake ge for such a survey and that a committee of FISHERMAN 219 this Conference be appointed to represent the interests of the botanical and zoological sections in this regard. 4. That the Conference recommends to the several Governments that systematic statisties of the fisheries be collected and published annually and that such statistics be, as far as possible, uniform in character and in such detail as to methods of fishing and geo- graphical distribution as to make them useful in fish- eries administration and conservation. It is further recommended that the several Governments provide for a joint commission for the arrangement of the de- tails of such statistical compilations: . In conneetion with the second resolution concerning a biological survey, different members of the section are preparing short reports as to the possibilities of advancing the work along certain lines or in certain areas. Attention will here be called to the suitability of the coast of British Columbia and the area over the adjacent continental shelf for readily extending such a biological survey. These reports are being prepared for the large volume of proceedings. There will be two volumes of these proceedings, the first, to be got out as expeditiously as possible, to in- elude only the outline of the work done at the Confer- ence, with the resolutions submitted and adopted; the second, a much larger volume, will go much more fully into the detailed discussion of the various projects, much of the material for which remained to be written when the Congress adjourned. The second volume will consequently not appear for some time. The Congress, although it consisted of members from several countries bordering on the Pacific, was not official. That is to say, no Government was asked to participate or send representatives. The members of the Congress felt that it would be desirable to have the efforts toward cooperation initiated at the Congress continued in a manner that could be most satisfact- orily adopted by an official international organization. As several countries that should be interested were not represented, an inclusive project could not well be provided for but a committee, consisting of one member from each of the countries represented, was left in charge of the situation, to see if it could be possible to get the Governments of these countries as well as those of all others bordering on the Pacifie, to support such an organization, which thus eould be- come a permanent one. Until such an organization is formed or an attempt is made to form it, the Bishop Museum of Honolulu has consented to be the repository and elearing house for material and data arising out of the work of the Congress. Although the general Conference closed on Friday, August 20, that did not finish the fisheries programme. On Monday, August 23, Dr. Moore, Dr. Evermann and the ©. F. A. representatives were guests of the Hawaiian Fish and Game Commission, of which the Executive Officer is Mr. H. lL. Kelly, an old friend for many years connected with the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. Leaving the hotel before 7 a.m. to make an early start on the Japanese sampan (The Japanese do the commercial fishing in the Hawaiin islands), an op- portunity to see the methods employed in catching bonito out in the open ocean was afforded. At 4 p.m. a landing was made at Kaneohe bay on the east side of Oahu and after two hours’ motor trip, Hono- lulu was reached. After dinner at the Country Club where the Commission and others interested in the 220 fisheries acted as hosts, there was an interesting round table diseussion of the Fisheries situation in the Hawaiian islands. a Such a report as this gives a bald outline of the Conference programme but it cannot give any idea of the inspiration each delegate received _from the personal contact for at least three weeks with such a fine body of men and women working untiringly in the interest of science, with little or no thought of self or personal gain. Even to those affected the value could not be appreciated at the time. It is only as time shows it up in perspective that the realization of the benefits gradually makes itself felt. Men, so noted in their particular fields of work that one always mentioried their names with awe, were found to be the best of good fellows and on acquaintance, the best of friends. As Governor McCarthy, speaking, the night of the dinner given by him at the Moana Hotel, said, ‘‘We were rather fearful as to what we should do with Congress when it came to Honolulu as we were not familiar with ‘‘highbrows’’’ but now that we have met you_and got acquainted with you we have found such jolly good fellows that we hope you will come often and stay long.’”’ Then there is the other side of the picture. The reputation of Hawaiian hospitality is world-wide but surely the usual Hawaiian hospitality was outdone on this occasion. The programme as outlined gives an idea of the set entertainments but it gives no idea of the donners, teas, receptions and entertainment of all kinds, for many or for few, for the members of the Congress as well as for the ladies of the party, that in endless succession, were provided. One felt that he was the personal guest of all Honolulu, as some one was looking after his welfare and his entertain- ment all of the time. The ladies of Honolulu, the Governor and other public officials, the Staff and the Board of Trustees of the Bishop Museum, the Faculty of the Uni- versity of Hawaii and the staffs of all the other scientific institutions in the islands may be mentioned but only as examples. They merely typified the eity or the whole Hawaiian islands for that matter. It is little wonder then that when the ‘‘Matsonia’’ pulled away from the dock at 10 o’clock on the morn- ing of August 25, with several of the Congress mem- bers on board, almost smothered with leis, placed in position by friends left behind, that it was not the wonderful spur that the Congress had given to the Advancement of Science in the Pacific that was up- permost in the minds of the departing delegates. . It seemed impossible to realize that only a few days had elapsed since on landing in Honolulu one scarcely saw, or expected to see, a familiar face, until now on looking over the great throng one could recognize scores of faces of those who were now included in the list of dear friends. As the faces became indistinct in the distance and as the weird, plaintive notes of the Hawaiian band grew fainter and died away, for the time being, the gladness had departed and there was only the sadness left in that soulful word of greeting, ‘‘Aloha’’. The Department of Game and Fisheries has this year made a greater effort than ever before to increase the fish stock in Ontario waters. Three times more spawn than in previous years have been placed in the lakes and rivers, CANADIAN FISHERMAN October 1920. DEPARTMENT OF MARINE AND FISHERIES — NOTES ON SEA FISHING RESULTS . FOR AUGUST. The catch of sea fish of all kinds for the mon of August on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts — amounted to 1,005,884 ewts., against 1,145,290 ey for the same month last year. The total value August eatch at the point of landing was $3, against $4,506,143 last year. The smaller catch of this year is due to a lar drop in the aggregate landings of cod, hake and pollock on the Atlantic coast. -The eat of these fish in August of this year amounted to 26 800 ewts. against 498,754 ewts. aig There was a shortage of bait in many sec of the coast and fishermen in some places ga attention to getting in the hay crop. causes of the diminished eatch of cod, hadd were, however, lower prices and a less active det which resulted in the curtailment of fishing 0 tions. Compared with the same month last yi herring catch was greater by 34,000 ewts.. The erel catch was slightly greater also. ( While the catch of sardines in the Bay of © district was not more than half that of August 1: year, the quantity packed in Canada during the this year was 14,000 against 8,000 cases. he Since the sixteenth of the month lobster was carried on in part of Northumberland and the catch to the end of August amounted 360 ewts., against 8,450 ewts for the same last year. eehee: “From the beginning of the packing season in: last to the end of Aucust there have been packed 064 cases against 120,003 ewts. during the — ponding period in 1919. On the Pacific coast there was an inerease of © 893 ewts. in the salmon catch. All three di contributed to the increase. The value, however, was very little greater that of last year, because of the fact that three-fourths of the increased quantity consiste the cheaper grades. The halibut catch amounted to 28,689 ewts. 31,116 ewts for August last year. the SALMON TRAP PIRATES IN ALASKA V : DARING DURING PAST SEASON. To steal fish from your traps. and then have thieves offer them to you at fishermen’s prices the morning was the experience of some of the owners in Alaska during the past season, acco to reports that are just beginning to come down fr the North. The pirates operated with consumate nerve. hey would approach the trap during the night ‘‘stick up’? the watchman and proceed to remove the finny trea- sure from the trap by using a miniature seine. This they dropped into the filler and hauled out. Inside of ten minntes the nirates would have their boat loaded, and would then disappear in the darkness. The odd part of it would happen if any were caught, : which it was reported did happen, and then the autho- _ rities could not find a jury to convict the thieves. CANADIAN FISH. The Knockabout Schooner By COLIN McKAY. na | The vogue of the large knockabout type of fishing schooner seems to be over. Shipyards in the Maritime - Provinces which have for some years been busy building this type of craft are now idle, or facing the prospect of idleness, as there is little demand -___ for- fishing vessels of any kind. W. C. McKay and Son of Shelburne launched a knockabout schooner of 185 tons during the first week of September, and an- other of the same size and type, during the first week of October. These may be the last knockabout schooners to be built in Nova Scotia. At any rate the Nova Scotia fishermen are saying that this class of vessels have been a disappointment. Their prin- cipal fault is that they will not ride to anchor on the banks in a breeze of wind like the olden type of fishing vessels. A second fault is that they are slower than the older vessels in moderate winds. The ___ experience of New England fishermen with the knock- about type has also been disappointing, and for the - same reasons. The knock-about type of schooners have an over- hanging bow like a racing yacht, and bowsprit. When at anchor the send of the sea lifting against the long _ overhang of the bow evidently hurls them backward, - eausing them to draw their anchors or part their hawsers. Some fishermen say that the reason that they drag their anchors or break adrift is that they have no bobstays like the older types. their idea being that the bobstay parts the sea. This explana- tion is hardly convincing. It is more easy to under- stand that a sea plunging against the bow of the knock-about takes a powerful grip on the whole fore- part of her, especially as she has no fore-foot to help her lift to the on-coming sea. Then the knock-ahouts which have been built in Nova Scotia are larger, heavier vessels than the older types, and are in any ease, less easy to hold. If thev used heavier anchors and bigger hawsers they might ride out a_ breeze better, but the ordinary type of hawser is about the limit of size that can be conveniently handled and stowed in their narrow bows. They might pos- sibly use chain eables, as the Frenchmen do, but the weight of a chain cable upon their overhanging bows might be a serious matter in a heavy sea. In any ease Canadian fishermen do not believe in using chain eables on the banks, for reasons that experi- ence has proven good. The knockabouts fared badly in the great gale that swept the Grand Banks this summer. They were not, however, the only vessels that broke adrift. With few exceptions all the vessels, Canadian French and American, lying in the sixty mile wide path of the gale, lost their ground tackle. Many also lost rails, and had their decks swept clear of boats and gear. Fortunately the gale came at the tail- end of the season when most of the vessels had nearly completed their fares and were thinking of re- turning home. Had it occurred earlier the vessels would have lost a lot of time refitting, and missed the best weather for fishing. As it is, most of the _ Lunenberg Grand Bankers made good eatches. but ‘many lost gear worth $3,500, and that will take the profits off the summer’s trip. After having such serious losses in the great gale, it may be imagined that the fishermen were not happy when they returned home to find that the bottom had apparently fallen out of the fish market. To-day Lunenberg is rather down-hearted. There is now no talk of building fishing vessels. Nova Seotia yards have a few fishing vessels of the semi- knockabout' type under construction which will be launched before winter sets in. There are also two or three fishing vessels, barques or schooners, under construction for the French Government. "When thesa contracts are completad the prospects are that the building of fishing vessels will offer little employ- ment for some time. Newfoundland by all accounts is more down-hearted than Lunenburg, and not likely to order fishing vessels—not more than a few any- way. Some hopes have been entertained of getting contracts for fishing vessels from South Africa, but one Nova Scotia builder turned out two very poor vessels for this market—they were so badly put. to- gether that they cost a mint of money for repairs in Bermuda and St. Thomas—and South Africa is evidently wary of coming to Canada for more fish- ing craft. It would appear that Lunenburg, Riverport, and other fishing centres have been rather overdoing things. Having been making money for some years - ‘they have gone in for building fine big vessels— a more expensive class of vessel than normal con- ditions in the fishing industry warrants. Some of the vessels launched in recent years have been too big for salt fishing. Of course, the vessels when not: engaged in fishing are usually employed in the coastin, West Indian or other trades, and during the war when there was plenty of employment for any kind of eraft the larger they were the better. But while there will doubtless be in future some em- ployment for small sailing vessels, when not engaged in fishing it is not likely to be so plentiful or so profitable as during the years of the war. The Can- adian Government Merchant Marine has established new services to the West Indies and South America; the Marine Navigation Company and the Houston Lines are running boats from Canada to Brazil, Uru- guay and Argentina; probably we will have regular steamship sailings to the Mediterranean, calling at ports in Spain and Portugal. And with such ser- vices the small Nova Scotia sailing vessels are likely to experience difficulty in finding employment when the fishing season is over. At the same time the cost of fishing vessels has in- ereased so much that it is more important than it ever was that they be kept at work the year round. Before the war the average type of Grand Banker with equip- ment cost about $13,000 or $15,000. The latest knockabout schooners of 180 tons, with equipment are valued at $30,000 to $35,000. In some eases new com- panies have over-capitalized their vessel property. While the fishing vessels were making big profits it was not a difficult matter for promoters to sell shares to fishermen and others at prices that were « Aei® —vu-by the actual in- wwe days of 80 or 90 per cent. pparently over, there is now no eager de- sor shares in fishing vessels. Now that the in- austry is getting down, to rock bottom conditions again, -this inflation of values may correct itself — though it will continue to have the unfortunate ef- fect of discouraging young fishermen from investing in- vessel shares—but there is no likelihood that the cost of vessels or equipment will fall to the pre-war level. Nova Scotia builders before the war were turn- ing out fishing vessels at less than their economic value. Few of them were making a profit, and all were paying low wages, and some were working a ten hour day. Now they are paying twice the wages they did some years ago, and working a shorter day; and material reduction of wages is out of the ques- tion with the cost of living what it is. Also the builders have to face greatly inereased prices for all kinds of material. They make more use of machin- ery, but on the other hand pay heavy transportation charges on nearly everything they use. Little timber now comes down the river at the mouth of which the shipyards are located. Now timber is brought by rail long distances; sometimes pitch pine is brought from the southern states. Lunenburg and other ports, owing Grand Bank fishing vessels, will do well to consider the new con- ditions which have developed or are in process of de- velopment—to take stock of their position and work out a policy. for the future. Their further progress, their present security, depends on their ability to pro- vide an answer to the important questions which are _pressing to the fore front. services—to what extent will they deprive fishing vessels of winter employment? Will it be possible to man the fishing fleet in summer if the men are no longer able to make trading voyages in winter? And supposing the steamers deprive ‘the schooners of their oceupation in winter, to what extent will it be profitable to use the schooners for fishing in winter? That seems to be a queston of some importance. And immediately it brings us broadside on to the great question which is worrying the Maritime fishing industry just now—the question of markets. Lunen- burg and other salt fishing ports have some times been accused of lack of enterprise in not going in for winter fishing. It has also been suggested that the fighermen sailing out of Lunenburg—being usually shareholders as. well as workers—did so well in sum- mer that nothing would induce them to try the winter fishing with its hardships and dangers. This might very well be a matter of pride for Lunenburg but the fact that Lunenburg vessls have never found it difficult to get fishermen to go on trading voyages in winter might argue the existence of other reasons why Lunenburg has never gone in for winter fishing to any extent. One very good reason was that Lunen- burg, having a big stock of salt fish on hand, and pre-oceupied with the problem of disposing of its summer's catch, was not likely to be interested in winter fishing. Any Lunenburg fishermen who had a hankering for winter fishing went to Boston or Gloucester, where he knew the winter fishermen could find a profitable market. If he had been asked to go winter fishing out of Lunenburg he would probably have observed that he did not believe in carrying All these new steam ship. Canadian firms who might be supposed JsHERMAN. EEG coals to Newcastle. There is the rub. fishing port in Canada knows little or noth’ fishing; it is little interested in the Canadian The greatest fishing port in Canada has no cold s plant; Lunenburg fishing vessels have to go to ports for: frozen herring for bait. This is poetic justice in this peculiar situation, cussion of the question, ‘‘Why Lunenburg cold storage plant when Liverpool and have,’’ might bring out some information ance as to Dominion Fisheries policy in - time Provinces. SPhuscateeoeey ye RL ene FISH TRADE WITH BRAZIL. | As a result of communications between ment of Fisheries and Mr. G. B. Johnson, Government Trade Commissioner, Rio Brazil, interesting information has been ward which should be of value to Canad of fish who are anxious to develop and imp markets. ea ga The following extract from a recent let: from Mr. Johnson, touches upon vital ‘‘This country (Brazil) is a great con : fish, owing to the very high cost: of fresh fis! is not within the reach of the mass of and the market for Canadian cod and can, I believe, be greatly developed. A instead of through New York middlemen, quotatic of c.if. prices, and the utmost care in ¢ ig, pa ing and in details in connection with shi) ments, are essential. _ te. Dias ‘Many inquiries have reached this offic adian fish during the past year, partie the inauguration of direct mship trade should develop if the connections developed into agreements. we gre ““Tt seems to be the case, however, that terested in developing an export market, what indifferen 2a re ness As an example to demonstrate the may be done to this market, by not com the instructions set forth, Mr. Johnson | twice recently codfish sold by Canadian fi Brazil in bad condition, alleged to be ferior curing. The stigma falls not al but on all Canadian fish imported. There would seem to be a demand in Bi only codfish, but smoked and pickled in all kinds of canned fish. As has been emph on more than one occasion, however, it is’ that the New York middleman be eliminated, direct trade developed. PT gets He had been fishing, but with bad feck. On his none, ete Rimongar hp and mid the biggest of those trout!” Tae — ues © em? What ~ asked the os ama- voor Faberean bee ts ane ok ee ~ CANADIAN FISHERMAN 223 _————- The Oregon Fish Commission's Rearing ~ Pond System MR HENRY DOYLE. ry eently the Fish Commission of Oregon very y invited a number of those interested in the n fisheries of British Columbia, Alaska and ‘Sound, to inspect the Bonnieville hatchery. object’ in view was to enable these visitors to from personal observation the superiority of the pond system for the artificial propagation e salmon. The writer was one of the for- nes that enjoyed the hospitality of the Ore- authorities, and he has been asked to put in - the impressions he received, and his opinion | benefits the Columbia river hatchery has de- from the propagation methods now being em- y the state of Oregon. Early Packing Conditions. rly appreciate the situation it is neces- somewhat review the early history of the sal- eanning industry on the Columbia river. Fish- mn a commercial scale first began in 1866, with wy and a pack of 4,000 cases. It gradually until in 1888, 39 operating canneries put up cases, practically all of which were of the cies. The records show that the run of m consistently good from 1866 to 1876 in- quite poor in 1877; good in 1878 and ionally good in 1880; and good from 1881 1885 the run was comparitively light, | from then on the fishery began to decline. practically from this time on that the packing , blueback, steelhead, and other species n; the earlier packs being composed not entirely, of Spring run Chinooks. strenuous fishing of these early days was produce adverse effects. This is shown by * packs subsequently obtained, and the re- rned the depleted condition of the spawn- - The decline affected both the number of operated and the total quantities packed. 89 the pack of Spring Chinook has decreased 266,697 cases—less than five per cent. of the aver- 880 to 1885—and only 21 canneries operated. to 39 in 1883. It reached its ebb in 1913 arteen operating canneries secured only 192,- s of the, Chinook species. irge packs secured in the early days of the in- were produced from the runs which frequented 1 Columbia watershed, notably those runs entered the Snake, Spokane, and other tributaries the Cascade mountains. Records in the writer’s demonstrate not only the condition of these ns in their prime, but also show how de- Fish Plentiful in Early Days. 00 years ago, in the days when the fur first traversed the country, their reports ‘was not uncommon for the Shoshone In- ile fishing salmon at the falls of Snake river, to spear SEVERAL THOUSAND FISH IN THE COURSE OF ONE AFTERNOON, while all along the river the tents of the Indian fishers were erected when the run was at its height.’’ Capt. Chas. Wilkes, U.S.N., who explored the upper Columbia watershed in 1841, said immense numbers of salmon spawned in Kettle and Spokane rivers. Over 1,000 Indians were congregated at the latter river for the purpose of procuring the fish. In 1883, Mr. L. C. Gillian of Spokane, under date of 17th Sept., wrote:—‘‘No salmon to speak of are running. The Indians, who are encamped here in great num- bers anticipating a large run, are uneasy and fear the fish are not coming. Yesterday morning they caught eight, which was the largest number taken at any one time as yet. A white man living in this neighborhood told me that last year he made on es- timate of the salmon taken by the Indians. He thinks they had between 40,000 and 50,000 drying at one time, about October Ist.’’ Depletion Becomes Evident. Dr, B. W. Evermann in 1893 summarised the fish- ery conditions of part of the upper Columbia water- shed. The following are taken from his report. *‘Bruneau River was formerly an important stream for spawning salmon. A dam recently constructed in the Lower Bruneau now wholly prevents the as- cent of fish.’’ “‘Boise River, like the Bruneau, was formerly a sal- mon stream, but is now partially or entirely closed by a dam near Caldwell, and is unsuitable by placer mining in the upper part of the stream.’” “Up to °1885 ‘the Yakima River was visited by three or four species of salmon, including the quinnat, in great numbers. Important. spawning-beds were located in the bed of the stream; but in recent years but few salmon have made their appearance in this river. No artificial obstructions have been inter- nosed, and the decline can hardly be due to any chanee in the character of the stream.’’ “Spokane River, below the falls, was formerly an important salmon stream containing large spawning- beds. but salmon are rarely seen there now.’’ “The Little Spokane was visited by salmon in great numbers in 1882 and previous years, but since 1882 the »umber has been very few.’’ “Colville River, below Meyers Falls, was formerly an important spawning-ground. Salmon still enter Colville River, but they are very rare.’’ “Kettle Falls. Columbia River. -Up to 1878 salmon were very abundant in this part of the Columbia; ‘‘millions were seen ascending the falls every sea- son.’’ .‘*Phe run would begin in June and continue mntil October, the biggest run being in the last half of Aueust. Since then there has been a great decrease. They have been scarce since 1882. Since 1890 there have been seareely any at Kettle Falls. The Meyers 224 Brothers say that they have been almost unable to buy any salmon for their own table from the Indians for three years.. Certain Indians with whom we talked at Kettle Falls said salmon were once very abundant there, but that very few are seen now. Other persons testified to the same effect. Essentially the same in- formation was obtained regarding the decrease of salmon in other parts of the upper tributaries of the Columbia, viz., at Spokane, in both the Big and Little Spokane rivers, and in the Snake River and its vari- ous tributaries.’’ In 1902 Master Fish Warden Van Dusen reported as follows:—‘‘In the early ‘history of the fisheries, salmon were found in the head waters in marvellous abundance, while now there is no reason to doubt— indeed the fact is beyond question—that the number of salmon now reaching the head waters of streams in the Columbia river basin is insignificant in com- parison with the number whch some years ago an- nually visited and spawned in these waters. I find places where in years gone by salmon frequented for spawning purposes in abundance, that now rarely a salmon appears.”’ y In 1904, the Washington State Fish Commissioner wrote concerning the State hatchery on the Little Spokane river:—‘‘This plant is situated on the Little Spokane River, about ten miles from the city of Spokane, and was built in 1899. The plant has been a failure from the day it was built, and has only been used to ‘hatch out the overplus from the Wen- atchee and Kalama hatcheries. It has a. capacity of two million fry.’’ (About what 1500 adult salmon would furnish and fertilize). ‘‘It was not in opera- tion during the present season and not enough spawn ean be taken at this point to pay for operating the plant. I shall endeavor at the coming legislature to make some arrangement TO OPERATE IT AS A TROUT HATCHERY.”’ It is much to be deplored that when the legislature did meet they acceded to the Commissioners’ wishes, and directed the hatchery should be utilized to in‘ erease the arch enemy of salmon life in a_ section where man had already reduced the nobler fish to such small numbers.’’ The Clackamas river received the main run ofChin- ook salmon in the lower Columbia spawning area. In 1885 Mr. L. T. Barin, writing to Mr. J. W. Cook, one of the pioneer cannery owners, says of the Clack- amas :—‘‘Of course the salmon are not as_ plentiful now as they were. for some years ago the river was literally alive with Chinook salmon; yet, while they are not very abundant now, if a rack should be put across the river earlv in the season, say February, there would be no donbt that more than enough salmon could be secured FOR HATCHING PURPOSES.”’ The foregoing should make plain to any impartial observer that, (a) Chinook salmon undoubtedly were abundant on all the spawning beds of the Columbia river sys- tem in the early days of the industry. (b) that on most of these beds they subsequently be- came depleted almost to the point of extermination, while in some instances complete extermination did oeeur; and, (e) that this depletion synehronized with the de- crease in size of the pack of canned salmon, CANADIAN FISHERMAN ‘ 7 October 1920. a Releasing Artificially Propagated Salmon in the _ Fry Stage. 4 No one familiar with the progress that has been made in the artificial propagation of Pacific salmon, can doubt that some returns have been secured from the system employed in past years. This system had for its object the hatching of eggs in hatchery troughs, retaining the young fish therein until the egg sae is absorbed, and then releasing them in what is known as their ‘‘fry’’ stage to run the gauntlet of their numerous natural enemies; to experience the change from a fresh to a salt water environment; and to brave the perils of the deep sea. That favorable re- sults have been obtained from this system is demon- strated by the Columbia itself, since the pack of Ghin- __ ook salmon from the early nineties until 1915 largely from the Clackamas river section — where hatchery operations were carried on—, the upper Columbia watershed having become a negligible factor from overfishing, dams, and irrigation systems. But if all the commercial catch for that entire period be credited to the hatchery operations, and nothing whatever allowed for natural propagation, the re- turn from fry plantings would not amount to one per cent. =e Releasing Artificially Propagated Salmon in Their Fingerling Stage. SS ee In 1910 was inaugurated the system of holding salmon in retaining ponds until they attained such size and vigor as would enable them to avoid their enemies, and more readily adapt themselves to the a conditions under which they would live for the sue ceeding four years. This system, while new in its application to salmon propagation, had nevertheless — S long before been proved successful with trout. Under it the young fish, after the absorption of the egg sac, are held and fed until they attain the ‘‘fingerling’ >~# stage, and have grown to 4 or 5 inehes in length. They are strong, healthy,, and active when they start _ for the ocean; plenty of food and uniform feeding and rearing conditions have developed them equally; — and the advantageous start thus given is evidenced by the fine even-sized fish when they return at maturity. =, ae Comparison of Results Under Both Systems. Artificial propagation under the old system had been used exclusively from 1877 to 1910, Unques- tionably natural propagation was an important face 19 tor in maintaining what runs there were thoughout that entire period. If, for the sake of argument, | we admit the naturally spawned fish comprised an equal proportion of the runs SINCE 1910, we can take the actual pack figures as indicating a proper comparison of the results obtained from the two methods of artificial propagation, i.e, that by which salmon were released as fry, and that under which they were retained until their fingerling stage. Based o on these premises we find that for the five years 1910 to 1914 inclusive, (when the old methods pre-e J vailed), the average annual pack of Chinook salmon a was 265,000 cases. For the five years 1915 to 1919 inclusive, (under the new system), the average an- nual pack of the same specias was 400,000 cases. This shows a fifty per cent. inerease was secured under the retaining pond system. “ Doubtless mistakes were made in developing the new system. Rotation of foods, overcrowding of retain- ing ponds, regulation of water supply, neglect and in- difference of caretakers, and many other causes ust have materially and adversely affected operations the commencement. But even allowing for all returns secured have shown That the Oregon atithorities have profited from ex- perience is demonstrated by the pack results for the pre- sent season. Final figures are not yet obtainable but it is stated that the canned pack of Chinook salmon will exceed 600,000 cases, while what fish- were mild cured, frozen, or shipped fresh, would equal 100,000 cases dditional. The 1920 pack will therefore show an imerease over the average for 1910-1914 of approxi- mately 165 per cent. I\t is apparent that Chinook salmon held in rearing ponds during their first summer do not return until Soar years elapse, thus making them five years old at maturity. It is assumed that the naturally propa- salmon of this species matures in four years, Ithough such has not yet been definitely proven. It may be true as regards runs to certain tributaries of the Columbia, but this vast watershed doubtless contains runs of fish that differ in age of maturing as greatly as sockeye salmon are known to do in sockeye localities. Some authorities argue that the retaining pond sys- tem only results in one year’s delay in securing the return of artificially propagated salmon, and therefore needless maintenance expense is incurred without any compensa.ing advantages. That this contention is erroneous is demonstrated by the fact that carefully compiled statistics as to the ight of individual salmon covering the years 1869 1892 inclusive, show the naturally propagated Chinook salmon of these years averaged 25 lbs. weight per fish. Actual figures taken for the present sea- son’s run show an average of 32° pounds weight per fish, or practically 331-3 per cent. increase. No one will doubt that this increased weight alone will fully compensate for the additional cost involved through rearing Chinook salmon by the new method. _ But, as pointed out above, the pack secured in 1920 _ shows an increase of 165 per cent. over the average for the last five years under the former system of _ propagation. If we deduct from this the percentage of weight increase, as shown in the preceding para- - graph we will still have over 120 per cent. increase _ to account for. In other words we can admit that _ about twenty per cent. of the 165 per cent. increase _ is due to an increase in weight of the individual fish, - and yet claim the retaining pond system shows _ 120 per cent. superior results to the fry releasing ee A One Acre Pond Holds a Million of Fish. * With their present knowledge of feeding and caring for the young salmon the Oregon authorities seem confident 25 per cent. of the fingerlings they release will return as mature fish, while they would not be surprised if a return exceeding 50 per cent. is se- eured. Taking the lower percentage as a basis means that for each million fingerling salmon released sufficient adult fish will return to fill more than 00,000 cases. Retaining ponds of one acre area are am- ly sufficient for a million young Chinook salmon. Ten acres would provide pond capacity for ten mil- lion fingerlings, and from this number a pack of 000,000 cases should be obtainable. In the vicinity CANADIAN FISHERMAN 225 of Bonneville hatehery alone ten acres of ponds could be eonstrueted, while in countless other localities adjacent to Columbia river waters still greater pond capacity is’ available. If the states of Oregon and Washington set them- selves to do it, I think, without doubt there would be fish available in six or seven years time to produce an annual pack on Columbia river that alone would equal the 6,500,000 cases which the entire Pacific Coast paek of 1920 is estimated to be. Results Obtained With Sockeye. The Oregon authorities have also retained other species of salmon, and trout, with equally gratifying results. In 1914 they obtained sockeye eggs from Alaska ; held the resultant fry in retaining ponds until 1916; and in 1918 obtained a large return of matured sockeyes, which were undoubtedly the progeny of the Alaskan stock, In 1919 they again seeured sockeye eggs from Alaska, and to-day have over 2,600,000 active young sockeyes in the retaining ponds where they purpose holding them until next year. The re- turn of these sockeyes as matured fish can be looked for in 1923. It would appear that even better results can be expected in sockeye propagation tham with Chinook salmon. Sockeyes are easier fed and eared for, and almost double the number can be retained in each rearing pond. As fry plantings of sockeyes, although continued for 34 years past, have produced almost negligible results, it is most important that the new system be established at once in all sockeye spawning areas. If this is done under the management and supervision of trained hatchery men, familiar with the retaining pond methods, there is every reason to expect the sockeye runs of the Pacific Coast can > in a few years be built up to proportions which will dwarf into insignificance anything obtained under natural propagation conditions in the past. Constructing Retaining Ponds Not Expensive. The opinion seems very prevalent that the building of retaining ponds is an expensive undertaking, and that suitable locations are scarce in the vicinity of most sockeye spawning areas. This is an erroneous impression. The cost is comparatively small since all that is required is the erection of an earthen dam, and the diversion of a portion of the stream to a new channel—not exceeding ten feet wide or over three feet in depth—which generally would lie parallel to the main stream bed. No matter how turbulent the river pathways may he most salmon spawning beds are in streams which flow through comparatively level ground, that is to say, comparatively level for that portion made use of by the salmon when spawning. Generally the land bordering these streams will permit of re- taining ponds being established in the immediate vicinity of the natural spawning beds, but in any case a suitable location will always be found close enough to answer the purpose. Suitable food, and sufficient of it, constitutes the main item of expense, and next to this is cost of labor. In neither food or Jabor should cheapness be ‘a con- sideration, since finer, larger and sturdier fish will result from the most nutritious diet; while cheap labor in this work means inefficient labor, and more young fish can be lost through inefficiency than from any other eause. CANADIAN FISHERMAN October 1920. ~ ‘ery | PACIFIC COAST SECTION “ Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes tn neta fa any way conneited with the fishing industry. We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable ~ for publication. ; eS Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd. 528 a Winch Building., Vancotiver, B.C., Canada. Bs 9 DR. C. McLEAN FRASER NOW PROFESSOR OF ZOOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. ue With the opening of the University of British Co- lumbia for the present year, Dr. C. McLean Fraser assumed his new duties as Professor of Zoology. Dr. Fraser will continue to act in an advisory capacity to the Biological station of the Dominion Government at Departure Bay, Vancouver Island, where he was form- erly in charge. The Doctor has taken great interest in fisheries work, and is on the committee of the Van- couver Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association, which has under consideration the. establishment of a college of fisheries. This matter is still under consi- deration by the association, and just as soon as con- ditions in the fishing industry warrant there is no doubt that a college will be established. Several va- Iuable papers of interest have been contributed to the ‘‘Canadian Fisherman”’ in the past by Dr. Fraser, and we hope to see more at an early date. MEN PROMINENT IN THE FISHERY INDUSTRY OF THE UNITED STATES RETURN FROM INSPECTION OF ALASKAN FISHERIES. Mr. Henry O'Malley, Pacifie Coast Field Agent for the U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries, and Dr. C. H. Gilbert, have returned from a summer’s survey of the Yukon River fisheries. This report will be watched for with interest, especially as coming from men so well qua- lified to-make a report on such a survey. ASSISTANT INSPECTOR MOTHERWELL BEREAVED. ‘ The sympathy of the entire fishing industry went out to Maj. J. A. Motherwell, Assistant Inspector of Fish- eries, upon the loss of his wife, who died Oct. 10th, in the Royal Columbia Hospital after a short illness. An added touch to the sad event is the fact that there are three small children to mourn the loss of their mother. The funeral was held from the family residence in New Westminster, on Wednesday, Oct. 13th. Besides many personal friends of the family, many members of the Canadian Fisheries Association, of which Maj. Motherwell is a member, members of the British Co- lumbia Association and others engaged in the fishing industry were present at the funeral ceremonies. FISH GET PAST PURSE SEINERS THIS FALL. A peculiar thing in connection with the fishing this Fall was the fact that although there was only a limit- éd amount of gear in the water after Fall salmon, the catch was not what it should have been. This was ~ owing to the bad weather, and the extremely high — water which enabled the fish to get by the seines. This applies to cohoes and chums alike. The results are that the spawning grounds will be very heavily seed- ed with eggs. iw e LARGE CATCH OF WHITE SPRINGS ON THE FRASER THIS FALL. The fisherman have had some good catches of white — springs on the Fraser River this Fall. The result is — that a considerable quantity has been frozen, and this" e, will be used later by the different smoked fish firms — to turn into that delicious kippered salmon which — everybody likes so well. Seattle benefitted to a great — extent from these catches, as a lot of this fish went there for the smoked fish firms. pee se iin See FISHERIES DEPARTMENT TO EMPLOY AIR. — PLANES FOR PATROL DUTY NEXT SEASON. Now that the Canada Air Board has established a seaplane station at Jericho Beach near Vancouver, the Fisheries department plan to make use of the high fly- ing boats in connection with patrol operations during — the salmon fishing season. The station was establish: — ed too late this season, but Col. Cunningham, Chief — Inspector for the Dominion Fisheries Department sta- tes that without doubt arrangements will be made to — put the scheme into effeet next season. ee Already the new station has one seaplane in opera- — tion, and this has made several flights in conneetion with operations of different departments of the go-— vernment. ae By using a flying boat the fisheries department can — save both time and expense, and as the flying range of the boats will easily take in Prinee Rupert on the — North it can be seen what a wide range of territory a — boat can cover, and as the observer will have a range © of eight to thirty miles when using a strong glass, it will be hard for poachers or others to-get away once they are sighted. “sara Wee t Oetaber, 1920, RAILWAY COMMISSION HEARS FISHERY INTERESTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA REGARDING EXPRESS RATES. On Wednesday, October 6th, the Railway Commis- - pb sion, consisting of Chief Commissioner, Hon. F. B. Carvell, and Deputy Chief Commissioner, Hon. P. W. Nantell, heard the fishing interests of Prince Rupert, who entered a strong protest against the proposed in- erease in the express rates, and also took up other matters in connection with express shipments affect- ing their shipping facilities. The commission sat in Vancouver on Tuesday, Oc- tober 12th, and the Fishing interests of the Vancouver district were heard. Mr. J. S. Eckman, of the Can- adian Fishing Co., Ltd., assisted by Mr. Douglas Ar- mour, presented *the shippers side of the case. Mem- bers of the industry interested in the question were present at the hearing. Mr. JOHN LECKIE GOES TO VANCOUVER. Mr. John Leckie, one of Toronto’s oldest business - men, who up to about eight years ago was connected with the marine hardware business of John Leckie, Limited, Toronto, has left for Vancouver where he will in future reside. Born in Glasgow, Mr. Leckie arrived in Toronto in 1857. His first store was on Colborne Street where he conducted a dry goods business. As the years went by he began to specialize in fishing nets and twine products, till finally his house was one of the largest wholesale firms in that line in the Domi- nion. In 1894 he extended his business and established a branch of his Toronto house in Vancouver under the management of his sons. There, with the growth of the salmon industry the Vancouver end of the busi- ness expanded until it was larger than the Toronto head office. It is worthy of mention that Mr. Leckie is the oldest living customer of the Dominion Bank, he having deposited his account there during the first hour of the first day that the bank did business. THE U. K. REMOVES RESTRICTIONS ON THE SALE OF CANNED SALMON. Word was received in Vancouver on Oct. 14th by the canned salmon interests that all restrictions, .ex- cept as regards sockeyes, on the sale of canned salmon in the United Kingdom has been removed by the British Government. One of the most important items in the removal of the restrictions was that in regard to grading, as this is also done away with. Although the restrictions were not removed as to sockeye, at the same time the price restriction has been raised from ninety three to one hundred thirteen shillings, and it is understood that on half pound flats it is somewhat jigher. Hon. F. C. Wade, Agent General for British Col- umbia in London, wires that the firms handling can- ned salmon in the United Kingdom. are highly pleased. This news will without. doubt ereate a much better feeling among the packers than they have had for some time past. As long as the control prices were in effect, and the grading rule was enforced, the mar- ket as regards the United Kingdom was in a very un- satisfactory state. This should help to clear the way for the moving of a large part of the pink pack, as well as the better grades. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 227 TRAWLER JAMES CARRUTHERS GOES ASHORE. FOUR MEN REPORTED LOST. On October 14th, word was received by your Van- couver Correspondent that the trawler James Carru- thers was ashore on White Sand Island. Four men were reported lost, and the balance of the erew were safe aboard the United States Geographis Survey steamer Surveyor. The James Carruthers is reported as resting easily on a bar, and the damage to the hull is not thought to be extensive. The trawler left Prince Rupert on Tuesday the 12th,.and was driven before a severe storm. She is now only about 40 miles from Prince Rupert. The James Carruthers ‘is one of the fleet of steamers belonging to the Canadian Fish & Cold Storage Co., Ltd., of Prince Rupert, and was brought out from Eng- land eight years ago. She is 160 feet long, and ear- ries a crew of 20 men. J. W. Nicholls, Comptroller of Company received a wireless from the Surveyor of the disaster on Wednes- day the 13th. Thesteamers W. R. Lord, and George Foster of the same company are standing by. CANADIANS TAKING GREAT INTEREST IN RE- SULTS OBTAINED FROM THE RETAINING PONDS AT BONNEVILLE OREGON. During the latter part of September, Mr. Henry Doyle Vice Pres. Northern B. C. Fisheries Ltd., and Mr, F. E. Burke, Mgr. Wallace Fisheries Ltd., and Chairman of the Vancouver Branch of the C. F. A. in company with F. M. Warren, of the Warren Pack- ing Co., of Portland, Ore., Mr. Frank Wright Presi- dent of the Association of Pacific Fisheries, and Mr. F. P. Kendall, Northwestern Manager of the Amer- ican Can. Company, visited the Bonneville Hatchery of the Oregon Fish Commission. The visit was made upon the invitation of R, E. Clanton, State Fish Com- missioner of Oregon. The party were enabled to see the results obtained from the transplanting of the several million of eggs of Alaskan Sockeyes; which had been hatched and were being retained in the rearing ponds of the commission. It is the intention to hold these fry until 1921, when they will be re- leased. The party also saw the millions of spring salmon fry which were being held in rearing ponds until they reached the fingerling stage, when they also would be released. In an article by Mr. Henry Doyle, in this same issue of the Canadian Fisherman very interesting informa- tion is given regarding results obtained from rearing ponds in connection with hatcheries. This international interchange of information in connection with salmon hatcheries is surely bound to bring valuable returns, and it is to be hoped such cordial relations between the different fishery depart- ments, and those engaged in the industry will greatly assist in the development of the different methods of propagation of salmon. HOLLAND-AMERIKA LINE TO MAKE VANCOU- VER THEIR PACIFIC COAST TERMINAL. Canned salmon was shipped direct to Holland on one of the Holland-Amerika Line steamers recently. This line maintains a service between Europe and the East and West Coast of South America. The SS. Eemdyk of this line was the first steamer to arrive, and is being handled by C. Gardner Johnson & Co., agents for the Line. 228 ' CANADIAN FISHERMAN i CLOSED SEASON FOR LING COD IN SOUTHERN, BRITISH COLUMBIA. ; For the past ten years the writer has heard the dis- eussion as to the advisability of having a closed season for ling cod in Southern British Columbia waters. Although the Japanese fishermen haye been bringing live cod into the Vancouver and Victoria markets for years there has been no definite steps taken to msure that nothing but cod in the prime of condition should be placed upon the market. The result has been that the fish have been brought in during every season of the year, and tons of fish have been marketed that should never have been allowed to be sold. Aside from their having been kept in a boat until they died of starvation and disease, they should never have been caught when they were. ° The department has made certain regulations as to the holding of live fish in boats within certain limits of the harbors, but nothing has been done to eliminate net fishing for cod during certain periods. Moke Through representations made by the Canadian Fisheries Association and after consultations with the local fisheries officials, recommendations have been made to the department at Ottawa that there be a closed season for the catching of ling cod in Southern British Columbia Waters from Jan. 15th to March 15th inclusive in each year. It is hoped the department will take action regarding the above so that these regu- lations will go into effect for the coming year. CHUM SALMON BEING BOOSTED BY UNITED STATES PACKERS. The writer has always insisted that Chum salmon could be marketed in Canada as well as in other coun- tries, and that it simply needed the right kind of publi- city to place this variety of canned salmon on the Canadian market with success. Many recipes for the use of canned salmon may be applied to the chum variety with gratifying results and this fact is taken advantage of by one of the large United States Pack- ers in a little booklet which they have published for the wholesalers and in which they call special atten- tion to the fact that chum salmon may be used in the same recipes that the high grade salmon are used in. Even the wholesalers are placing the advantages of the lower priced salmon before the public in an at- tractive manner. Even in Vancouver where it has always been contended the lewer grades of salmon would not sell, it has been found during the past few months that the buying public are right out after the lower priced goods, and have cleaned up every lot put on sale. A good time to start is when the going is good, and it was never better than when the people are looking for reasonably priced food that is good food, and pinks and chums are both good food. FRASER RIVER SHOWS A VERY GOOD YEAR FOR AN OFF YEAR, The following figures are interesting as compar- isons of the sockeye packs for the past few years on the Fraser River, and this in taking into consider- ation the fact’ that the run of salmon reaching all the natural spawning grounds is larger than for many years : 1916. 1917. 1918, Year before big run. 27,394 cases, Year of big run. 123,614 cases. 16,849 cases. 1919, 29,628 cases, 1920. Year before big run, is due. packed up to August 25th, 36,477 cases October 1920. LARGE HALIBUT STEAMERS HAVE NOT FISHED OUT OF VANCOUVER THIS PAST SUMMER. When the Canadian Fishing Company tied up their large halibut steamers at the time of the seamen’s strike in British Columbia the men were told that they would stay tied up. This has been the case, and the Company have been buying independent halibut ever since, and to date have been very well satisfied with the trips they have received. By purchasing indepen- — dent halibut at their Vancouver plant, it has encou- — raged Seattle as well as Canadian independent fisher- men to put into Vancouver and unload their catches. This has resulted in Vancouver receiving the usual be- nefits of such calls, as purchases of supplies are always made at ports where catches are sold. Every en- deavor is made by the Company to treat the fisher- men right, and the result has been that the American schooners have come into Vancouver in preference to going to Seattle, even when prices have been equal. TROLLING SPOONS FOR SALMON. The Super-Diamond Trolling Spoon catches the fish. When the fisherman buys his spoons for trolling, he wants to be sure he has one that will have the right motion in the water, and with plenty of reflections which will give every appearance of a herring. This means right construction, hooks and swivels of high- est quality, and both mounted on a highly polished — The embossed diamond is the feature of the — Super-Diamond Trolling Spoon. It adds strength and — reflecting angles which other spoons do not have. The spoon. entire spoon is built to catch and hold the salmon’on the West Coast of Vancouver Island where the fishing is the hardest kind of work or off North Island where it is equally as hard. Try the Super-Diamond Trolling Spoon and you will not ask for any better. > UPPER LAKE SECTION OF FRASER BASIN WELL SEEDED WITH SOCKEYE EGGS. — In his preliminary to Hon. Wm. Sloan, Provincial — a Commissioner of Fisheries, Deputy Commissioner, John P. Babcock, states that more sockeye salmon passed * a through Hell’s Gate, above Yale this year than in any one of the last five lean years. Mr. Babeack quotes Fishery Overseer Scott, who was detailed to observe conditions in the Fraser River Canyon throughout the season as reporting as follows: ‘The number of sockeye that passed through Hell’s — a Gate was as great as in the last big year 1917. ’’ The number that reached the Shuswap and Chileo a Lakes was greater than in any recent lean year, and = compared favorably with the number that passed up the Thompson and Chileotin rivers in the last big year, 1917, and the number that reached the Birken- head is far greater than it has been in the last ten — years, states Mr. Babeoek, who visited all the great lake sections. Five and a half million of soekeye eggs had been collected at the hatchery on the Birkenhead River at the head of Lillocet Lake up to the 17th of the month. This exceeded all previous records by three and a half million. Mr. Graham, superintendent of the hatchery, states that the run this year far exceeds in number that of any former year in his experience, Mr. Babcock attributes the inerease in the sockeye run to the Birkenhead to the suecessful operation of the hatchery. in the Fraser River Canyon a October, 1990. CANNED SALMON MARKET. That sellers of canned salmon are unanimous on one point there is no doubt, and that there is ‘‘nothing doing’ as far as sales go. As for reasons for this condition there are several reasons given, also pro- phecies that as soon as the wheat is sold the money situation will loose up, and this will enable buyers to purchase supplies they are going light on at present. Another reason given is that there is more or less un- certainty as regards prices. At present there is an inclination to stand firm on last quotations, as there in nothing to be gained even if a seller should make a reduction as the buyer is not a position to take any quantity. It must be born in mind that many of the wholesalers have bought heavily in certain foodstuffs, and at prices that were too high, and in some cases heavy losses have been experienced. This means that there is a tendeney by such firms to hold off, and see if there will be drop in canned salmon prices. It must be born in mind by buyers of canned salmon that the packers have been under heavy expense during the past few years, and in proportion to advances in other foodstuffs this variety has not realized the same advances in price. The prices now being “asked are not high in proportion to the cost of production, and this year’s production is under other years in most instances, and there has been a tendency among the pee not to put up as large packs as would have n possible if conditions had been right. With the season for the buying of supplies at hand, and the season’s pack not moving, it will mean that the packer will plan on a smaller pack for 1921, as they will feel that the longer the buyer holds off, the less they will buy the following season. However, it is a time of re-adjustment all alonge the line, and it only means staying with the game, and not weakening. Canned salmon will be eaten to a larger extent than ever after this year, and es- pecially those cheaper varieties that there has been such a small eall for in the past, in Canada and the United States. VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FISH MARKET. Oct. 11, 1920. | There have been a few changes in the prices of the different varieties of fish on the Vancouver Wholesale Fish market. " HALIBUT ; Chickens are selling at 12 to 13, and mediums at 17 ets. with a fair supply. SALMON ; Cohoes are selling at 12 to 15 cts. heads off, Pinks have had a good sale this season, and _are bringing 10 ets. heads off, while in the stores con- siderable quantities have been sold as the whole fish at varying prices. One thing is sure the public will buy the fish that are priced right as long as they are good food, whether pink, red or white. Steel- heads are just coming onto the market and are bring- ing 18 to 20cts. dressed with heads on. COD ; Ling cod, local catch are bringing 12 to 13 cts. per lb., and up to the present there -has been a yery fair supply, but during the past few days there has been a slackening in the supply. HERRING:; The Point Grey herring have dropped off somewhat, and the result has been some high pri- ees. As high as 9 cts. during the past week, the pri- - ces ranging from 6 cts. to 9 cts. SMELT ; No local smelt at present, but some fresh stock has been brought in from Seattle, and sold at CANADIAN FISHERMAN 229 of crabs, as the firms the other side of the line are 12 ots. per Ib. SOLES ; The local trawlers have had no luck late- ly, and as a result local sales have been searee. Pri- ces ranging around 9 and 10 cts. CRABS. L. Perrin & Co., report a plentiful supply now getting there own for a while. This firm are making a special effort to get the prairies to use more of their shell fish, and they say they are getting re- sults. LONDON FISH CO., Ltd., say they have some spe- cially fine smoked cod fillets, which selling at 15 cts. per lb., and smoked halibut strips at 20 ets. per lb. PRESENT PRICES ON CURED FISH ARE NOW AS FOLLOWS. These are a change over former prices : Per lb. Kippercdctmrne. .. ec i'e ba cea ees ee ee 10¢ BIGateneid woes ss. cece SG eh cel ee The Kippered sable-fish .....0.. ates acca es 22¢ FRI ONE CEI 5. ian: sere ois CA 16¢ SAIS Tite ee sk ee he ee 18¢ Smoked fresh salmon .. .: .. .. .. .. «- 15e Baatern Mae. kes ake eee l6e Western adie +... okies ol ee 10¢ Salt Fish. : Sable Grey Herring Pink Fish Cod Salmon 200 Ib. Bbl . 22.00 15.00 8.50 15.50 100-1b:BBla. 12.00 * 8.00 5.25 8.50 500 Ib. kit... . 6.50 4.75 3.25 4.75 CHIEF FISHERIES INSPECTOR CUNNINGHAM COVERS NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA . ON INSPECTION TRIP. On his return from a trip to Northern B. C. the first of October, Chief Inspector Cunningham, of the Do- minion Fisheries, reported that all Northern natural spawning beds were very. well seeded this season. Re- ports received from the upper waters of Rivers Inlet and Skeena River indicated that a full supply of pa- rent sockeye had reached their spawning grounds. Climatic conditions had well protected the Fall sal- mon, pinks, chums and cohoes, as the heavy rainfalls had raised the creeks so that they were in a condi- tion which would allow these species to reach their natural spawning grounds without trouble. Col. Cunningham stated that the new regulations in foree this season for the first time were generally sa- tisfactory. The purse seiners have not done as well as they may have wished, but this was not due to a seareity of fish but to the limited demand of the world’s market for canned salmon other than the sockeye and red spring varieties. “It is surprising that pink and chum salmon have not a much larger consumption in our home markets remarked the Chief Inspector. They are carefully packed, and their food value is of a very high order.”’ The Inspector stated that there was every prospect of filling all. government fish hatcheries with eggs, and went on to say that the season’s operations do not tend to show that any species of salmon indigenous to British Columbia waters are showing any signs of de- pletion. The Naas River spawning grounds would have been the subject ofa special report by local officers, which had not yet been received. 230 ee Canadian Fisheries Association Minutes. Prince Rupert, B.C., Sept. 2nd 1920. The regular monthly meeting of the Prince Rupert Branch of the Canadian Fisheries Association was held in the Hotel Prince Rupert on Sept. 2nd, the meeting being called one week earlier than usual on account of some pressing matters concerning the trade which need- ed immediate attention. The chair was taken by Mr. T. H. Johnson and the following members were present: Messrs. Dybhavn, Starr, Antonsen, Sinclair, Nichols, Nickerson and Lee- The minutes of the previous meeting were adopted as read. It was moved by J. W. Nichols and seconded by J. Dybhavn that Mr. John E. Davey, buyer for the Can- adian Fish and Cold Storage Co. Ltd., be admitted to membership. Carried. The meeting then went into full discussion over the new ruling whereby the Canadian Express Company are charging express on the 24% per cent which is al- lowed by all independent fishermen for the ice -and slime adhering to the fish at the time of purchase. All members had received information from Vancouver, Seattle and Tacoma stating that the Express Compa- nys at these points accepted invoice weights, or, in other words, were not charged any transportation on the 21% per cent allowance. The members were unani- mous in their opinion that, whereas the Canadian Ex- press Company were charging transportation on in- voice weights plus 24% per cent, it was giving fish dealers at Vancouver, Seattle and Tacoma an unfair competitive advantage over Prince Rupert dealers and it was decided that an effort should be made to have the rates here put on an equal basis with the cities in the south, or the same as they were before this new ruling was put into force. Before any motion was made a discussion took place regarding a suppliment- ary ruling also issued by the Canadian Express Com- pany, wherein they demand all earload shippers to place a number on each and every box going to the ears, and supply details in duplicate of the weights of fish plus the 244% ice and slime allowanee in each box, the weights to go against the numbers. [t was moved by Alderman Dybhavn seconded by J. N. Sinclair that the Chairman and Seeretary draw up a memorandum to be sent to Capt. Wallace with a view to getting legal advice from Mr. D’Arey Scott on. both matters. It appeared to the members that we could probably get out of the former by getting a definition of the phrase in the tariff ‘‘Net weight of fish’’, there is nothing in the tariff which calls for transportation being paid on ice and slime adhering to the fish, in other words it looked as if we could evade the ruling on a technicality. With regard to the request of the Canadian Express Company that we number each box and supply details of the weight of each box going to the cars, the members were very doubtful if the ruling could be enforced, and legal adviee on this point would also be appreciated. Alderman Dybhavn’s motion was carried unanimously, Communications between Mr. Hager and Capt. Wal- lace regarding the finaneing of counsels expenses on the express rate increase case were read and ordered filed. Communications between the local branch and Mr. Hager on the same subject were also ordered filed. The Seeretary reported the following subscriptions were received towards the legal fund; CANADIAN FISHERMAN October 1920. — fe: Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co. Ltd... $20.00 Pacific Sea Product Association... .......- 16,00 Royal Fish Company .. .° 00: d ajo ss! > oe National Independent Fisheries Co. ...... . 15.00 Pacific Fisheries Ltd... .. .... .....-..-- 16.00 Atlin Fisheries Limited .. 15.00 G. W. Nickerson & Co. . 5.00. Total... 355 eee anole $100.00 The Secretary advised having sent statisties cover- ing the ear shortage during the month of July to Capt. Wallace, Hon. Frank Carvell, Mr, D. B. Hanna and Mr. J. H. Comlon, a letter accompanying each, A letter from Capt. Wallace regarding the visit of the Hon. C. C. Ballantyne to Prince Rupert and the local Seeretary’s reply to same were also read and — ordered filed. 4 alle The meeting then adjourned. vos 7 NEED PROPER KIND OF PUBLICITY. Dr. Harvey W. Wiley, noted pure food expert, on a recent visit to the Pacific Coast investigated the © cheaper grades of canned salmon, and it is worth noting | that this prominent food expert expressed his opi-. nion that the cheaper grades of canned salmon we just as palatable and nutritious as the higher > salmon. With the opinion of such a man as Dr. Wiley to back up, this variety of food there is no reason at all why both the chum and pink salmon may not be marketed in large quantities at priees which would be profitable to the packer, and at the same time give the buying public low priced food. meer, Coe, « Once the public started buying these varieties, there is every reason to believe the demand would be per- manent, and this would mean a new and larger market — than ever for the lower grades of salmon. See It only needs some one to be a pioneer in the market- — ing of chums and pinks in large quantities in Canada to demonstrate that the publie will buy these varieties regularly. : , Right in Vancouver large quantities of pinks ha been retailed during the past few months, and the writer firmly believes that chums would meet as ready a demand if placed on the market. APL FISHING FOR FALL SALMON IS NOT HEAVY. The purse seiners will not reap the harvest this year which they were so fortunate in seeuring during th past two or three years. The demand for Fall salm is not what it has been in previous years, and the Al rican buyers did not come up to the West Coast— Vancouver Island to secure the fish CHEAPER GRADES OF CANNED SALMON, e con dition of both the frozen and canned salmon marke the packers have not been buying chums this season in the quantities that they bought in the past. = On the Fraser many of the fishermen quit fishing when it came time to change the smaller mesh net for the larger, as they claimed the returns would not be worth the outlay for new nets of the larger mesh, which many of them would have to buy. They have had a good season, and high prices have prevailed so that they are very well satisfied, : o On Puget Pound, the conditions are practically the — same as in British Columbia, both as to the frozen pack, and the canned pack, and the producers are up against much the same kind of market. : sie 3 as October, 1920. WILL THE FISHERIES DEPARTMENT BUILD RETAINING PONDS TO REAR SOCKEYE FRY? “Oregon has demonstrated that sockeye and spring salmon may be held in retaining ponds until they are of fingerling size, and then released, and in the case of spring salmon the returns are way ahead of the cost of retaining the young until they reach the finger- ling stage. Just what will be the average size of the sockeye on their return cannot be determined until the first run is over. It is known that the cost of building retaining ponds is very low, and taking this into consideration there is no reason why the inaugu- - ration of such a system would not be worth while along lines that are known to be successful. Why expert- ment when the facts are known, and the Fraser needs replenish so badly? There is some talk of trying out certain natural lakes and ponds. This is all very well, and may work out providing certain conditions obtain, but it will take time to do this. Quick action is what is needed, and the department will do much to assist in replenish- _ ing the Fraser by trying out the known system. This _ -eould very well be done, and the experiments with the natural lakes and ponds as rearing ponds could be -__ earried on at the same time. Let us hope something may be done right away in this connection, and that no long investigation may interfere with the carrying out of necessary immediate plans. VANCOUVER MORNING PAPER FEATURES J. A. PAULHUS. On the financial page of the Vancouver Daily Sun, ~ of Sept: 23rd, the morning paper of the Western Gate- way of Canada, the following article appeared under : a very fine portrait of Mr. Paulhus : e “GIVES A LIFETIME TO STUDYING FISH”. Portrait “Joseph A. Paulhus, managing partner of D. Hat- ton and company, who have been most prominently connected with the Canadian fishing industry for nearly fifty years, has been 2nd vice-president of the - Canadian Fisheries Association since 1918. He is a director of the Lockport Cold Storage Company; lar- _gely interested in the Caspedia Silver Fox Company of Bonaventure County, Quebec, and extensively inte- rested in Western Lands and Montreal East Land Company. ; In his youth, Mr. Paulhus began the study of fish and their habits and later published several pamph- ~ lets along lines which have made him a valuable con- tributor to the fish literature of the Dominion. His tifie and economic handling of the fishing industry, having been with the present firms, of which he is head, for nearly thirty years. ”’ This is certainly familiarizing the Eastern business men to the Western people, when the daily papers pub- lish such comprehensive biographies, and the Western members of the C. F. A. are pleased to see the well known features of one of our most prominent mem- bers and officers so portrayed. STREAMS ON THE EASTERN COAST OF VAN- COUVER ISLAND WELL SEEDED. _ Upon his return from an inspection of the streams on the Eastern Coast of Vancouver Island, Mr. John McHugh, resident engineer of the Dominion Fisheries, - reported that owing to the heavy rainfall during Sep- and the resultant high water, the salmon (both CANADIAN FISHERMAN entire business career has been devoted to the scien- . 231 humpbacks and cohoes) had been able to reach their natural spawning grounds in large numbers, and as a result the beds will be well seeded this year, and there will -be every chance of large catches in the next two and four years. Camps established on several streams will be closed down shortly. Much work has been accomplished this season in the way of removing logs, blasting rock, dams and other obstructions. Freshets intérfered with a continuance of operations on the Cowichan River, but a considerable valuable work had been accomplished previously, sufficient to permit the fish to get over a waterfall, which was formerly impassable at low water. Work will be con- tinued next year. RESIDENT ENGINEER McHUGH GOES NORTH ON TRIP OF INSPECTION. Leaving for the North on Sept. 30th, Mr. John Me- Hugh, Resident Engineer of the Dominion Fisheries, will be gone about a month on a trip of inspection in Northern British Columbia. While away Mr: McHugh will visit the completed hatchery at Lakelse, and ins- pect work that has been going on at Minktrap Bay, Pitt Island, where there were obstructions that kept the salmon from ascending the stream that enters into the Bay. Queen Charlotte Islands will also be visited. During the course of a year the resident engineer cer- tainly covers some territory. His trips take him to many out of the way places, as the salmon ascend streams that in many cases are rarely visited except where they enter the bays or gulfs, other than by the engineer and his men. VANCOUVER PERSONALS. Mr. James 8. Eckman, Asst. Manager of the Can- adian Fishing Co., Ltd., has just returned to Vancou- ver after an extended trip through the East, where he visited all the large fishing centers. A. L. Hager, General Manager of the Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd., is taking a holiday by way of a shooting trip through Alberta. Mr. J. P. Todd, the prominent fish broker of Seattle and several friends of Mr. Hager have accompanied him on the trip. F. E. Burke, General Manager of Wallace Fisheries Ltd., is away on a short holiday. Hon. F. ©. Biggs has announced the details of his plan for reorganizing the game and fisheries inspection service, which is now being put into effect. Until the Minister took charge the enforcement of the game and fishery laws of the Province was in the hands of some 243 overseers, all of whom were part-time men. Some of them received only nominal sums for the work they were to do and the natural result was that the inte- rests of the Province suffered. The new system does away entirely with the part-time overseer. All the men employed will be whole-time men. devoting them- selves exclusively to the work of the Department. The Province has now been divided into four dis- triets each in charge of a warden, who will be paid $1,800—approximately $35.00 per week. London will be headquarters for the Western, Division, Ottawa for the Eastern, North Bay for the Central and Northern and either Port Arthur or Fort William for the North- Western, Under these four wardens there will be 33 overseers or inspectors who will reeeive a little more than $21.00 a week—or at the rate of $1,100, a year, of the 33 men appointed, 24 are returned soldiers. and they were chosen from among 300 applicants. 232 Fishery Resources in Canada The following appeared as an Editorial in the Ottawa Citizen and is worthy of reprinting as the viewpoint of an outside journal on the fishery resources of Canada. Ottawa has been privileged to entertain the Amer- ican Society of Fisheries in convention this week. The papers before the convention have naturally been of special interest to the commissioners, officials, research workers and others employed in the bureaus of fish- eries. But the Canadian publie might with profit to itself take more interest in Canadian fisheries. The value of fish as a wholesome food is hardly appreciated in Canada as it is in Great Britain and other European -eountries. The untapped wealth of Canadian fisheries could be one of the greatest sources of food supply to the people of this country. The fishery resources off the coast of Canada are among the richest in the world. They far exceed Great Britain’s resources in area, and in the abundance of fish over a given area. But, according to the estimate of the Dominion commissioner of fisheries, the Can- adian people eat only about 30 pounds of fish per in- dividual, while in Great Britain the annual consump- tion is 56 pounds per individual. It is larger still in Germany, Italy, Spain and Norway. It is not be- cause the Canadian people have more choice of better food thati so much less fish is eaten in Canada than in Great Britain. + Most of the best Canadian fish is shipped to the United States. The Canadian people east of the Rocky Mountains and west of the maritime provinces hardly seem to realize that Canada is a maritime nation, with so many varieties of fish, and such an abundance, that with mpre co-operation between producer and consumer they might enjoy fresh fish served to meals every day instead of the occasional Friday meal of fish. But something more than Mr. Meighen’s precept to the Trades and Labor Congress, of ‘‘reliance upon indi- vidual energy, individual effort, and _ individual reward,’’ would seem tio be needed to eliminate the spread between cost and price of fish, before this wholesome food supply can be made available as it should be to the inland dwellers in Canada. Professor Edward E. Prinee, the Dominion Com- missioner, told the convention last Monday that the value of Canadian fisheries had jumped from five million dollars fifty. years ago to $60,000,000 today. This twelve-fold inerease in ‘‘value’’, unfortunately, does not mean an equivalent increase in quantity of output. Mr. Clarence Jameson, when member for Digby, stated in a speech in the House of Commons, June 5, 1917, that the increase in the production of sea-foods of Canada, between the years 1896 and 1916 amounted to rather less than 8 per cent. Prices (value) increased over 50 per cent. during that period. A parliamentary committee in the session of 1916, inquiring into the spread between cost and _ price, found that the inerease occurred largely in distribu- tion charges. The report said: That the shippers’ price at points of production of fish, annually consumed in Canada (according to the departmental reports) is roundly $15,000,008, but under present conditions the cost thereof to the con- sumers in Canadian centres would probably be $45,- 000,000. CANADIAN FISHERMAN October 1920. The convention of the American Society of Fisheries apparently did not take up distribution problems, but the consumer’s interest is very much concerned with distribution: it would be illuminating, perhaps, to have un explanation from the authorities of the cause of the spread between producer and consumer. The retaining of fresh fish is, doubtless, a difficult business: perhaps even more than the butcher or the fruiterer, the fishmonger’s facilities for pes large quantities must be very efficiently organized. When the demand is good, the retailer must be as- sured of a reliable supply of fresh fish. He cannot | afford to fit out an expensive shop, specially de- signed for the business, with the most modern equip- ment, unless the fresh supply is organized on some- thing like a daily basis. Given a reliable supply at the right price, there should be no great difficulty in stimulating the demand. It would be easy to educate the Canadian public to use more sea-food. But the supply is there on the Canadian coasts in such abundance, it would pay to find out exaetly what it is that intervenes between the source of sw ply and the possible market. The parliamentary com- mittee’s report states that it is largely in distribution. The Dominion commissioner of fisheries expressed the opinion in 1918 that the use of the staple kinds of fish could be inereased four-fold, were more ef- ficient means of handling and marketing carried out.’” Where does the inefficiency oceur? © Surely the -sys- tem of production for profit, as Mr. Meighen would say, energized by the ‘‘prineiple of individual en- deavor,’’ is not at fault? (3 The fishermen are willing to produce more for profit, they would doubtless be glad to inerease their output fourfold, provided the system of distribution could handle it. The fishermen actually catch more than they can sell. Nova Seotia fishermen sometimes bring in boatloads of herring merely to jave their — day’s catch rejected by the cold storage dealers, be- cause something behind is intervening to discourage production. rar =: Before the grain-growers organized to operate co- — operative elevators in Western Canada, the farmers _ would sometimes haul their grain thirty miles or more to the privately-owned elevator, merely to be offered such low prices that they would feel inclined to haul it back again, but for the fact that they had no other means of disposing of it. It is possible to see fishers — men similarly situated on the Canadian coasts. Some- times they cannot get any price for their fish, and, lacking even means to salt some of their cateh for their own use during winter, boatloads of fish are — thrown back into the sea. per, It should be understood by this statement that the shippers at the coast ports are mere heartless ex- ploiters. Generally the shippers and the fishermen have interests in common. They -would gladly ship more fish, just as the fishermen would gladly eateh more. It is in their own interest to handle more. But between the shipper and the consumer, the fin- ancial system somewhere ceases to function when sup. plies are abundant. It is just possible that ‘reliance upon individual energy, individual effort and individual reward’? is _ not the last word in the development of Canadian natural resources? at Convention of American Fisheries 7 Society _ Fiftieth Anniversary Congress held in Ottawa, Sept. 20th, 2ist, and 22nd, 1920. Members of the American Fisheries Society from all parts of the United States and Canada met in Ottawa on Sept. 20th, 21st and 22nd, to hold their fiftieth annual convention. . Fine weather prevailed and an interesting program- me was carried out. While in Ottawa, the members ‘and their ladies were entertained at several functions by the Department of Marine and Fisheries and the Ottawa Board of Trade. The Convention programme was as follows: Monday, September 20th, 1920. 10.00 a.m.—Registration of Delegates. 10.30 a.m.—Convention called to order by President Carlos Avery. Addresses of Weleome. The Department of Marine and Fisheries. Mr. A. Johnston, Deputy Mi- nister. The City of Ottawa. His Worship, Mayor Ha- rold Fisher. Business Session. Election of new members. Report of Treasurer. Re- port of Executive Secretary. Announcement of Com- mittees. 12.45 p.m.—Recess. 2.30 p.m.—Open session, Convention Room. Reports of Vice-Presidents of Divisions. Reports of Standing Committes. ‘Fifty years of Federal Fisheries Adminis- tration in Canada.’’ Prof. E. E. Prince, Dominion Com- missioner of Fisheries. ‘‘The Alaska Fur Seal: an In- ternational Asset’’. Dr. H. M. Smith, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. ‘‘Adequate Fish Inspection; A Means of Better Fish to the Consumer and Increased Fish Food Consumption.’’ Arthur L. Millett, State Inspector of Fish for Massachusetts. ‘‘The Study of some Factors Influencing the Course of Migration in the Pacific Salmon.’’ Prof. H. B. Ward, University of Illinois. 5.45 p.m.—Recess. 8.00 p.m.—Open session, Convention Room. ‘‘Can- ada and the United States can restore a great fishery’’. John P. Babeock, Provincial Fisheries Department, Victoria, B.C. ‘‘Development of the College of Fish- eries’’. Prof. John N. Cobb, Seattle, Wash. ‘‘The Seientist and the Practical Man in Fisheries Work’’. Raymond C. Osborn, Ohio State University. ‘“‘Some Previously unrecognized Anatomical Facts and their Relation to Fish Culture.’’ William Converse Kendall, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. ‘‘Climates of our Atlantic Waters.’’ A. G. Huntsman, Atlantie Biological Sta- tion, St. Andrews, N.B. ‘‘The Cireulation of the Wa- ter in the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine’’. Prof. James W. Mavor, Union College, Schenectady. ‘‘ Eco- nomic History of Copepods’’. Prof. Arthur " Willey, McGill University. ‘‘Twenty-five years of Biological Fisheries Research in Canada’’. Prof. KE, E. Prince. Tuesday, September 21st, 1920. 9.30 a.m.—Open session, Convention Room. _ ** Artificial Propagation of Oysters’’. Wm. F. Wells. “*Some Fish Cultural Notes’’. John W. Titeomb, New York Conservation Commission. ‘‘Notes on Practical Fish Culture’’. Dwight Lydell, Michigan Fish Commis- sion. ‘‘The Coregonine Fishes of Lake Huron’’. Walter Koelz, University of Michigan. ‘‘Principles involved in the Preservation of Fish by Salt.’’ H. F. Taylor, U. S. eau of Fisheries. ‘‘Experiments in Trout Feed- CANADIAN FISHERMAN 233 ing’’. C. O. Hayford, Supt. State Fish Hatchery, Hac- kettstown, NJ. Address, J. A. Robertson, Skerryvere. Cleveley’s, Blackpool, Englaid. ‘‘ Fishing Pollution in Ohio Waters, Demonstration of Methods.”’ John T. Travers, Ohio Bureau of Fish and Game. 12.45 p.m.—Recess. 2.30 p.m.—Open session, Convention Room. “A ‘Survey of Game Fish conditions in Ohio”’. Ray- mond C. Osburn, Ohio State University and Ohio Bu- reau of Fish and Game. ‘‘The Food of Young Small Mouth Bass in Lake Erie, in the vicinity of Put-in- Bay’’. E. L. Wickliff, Ohio State University and Ohio Bureau of Fish and Game. ‘‘The Food of Young Large Mouth Bass in Lake Erie, in the vicinity of Put-in- Bay’’. ©. L. Turner, Beloit College, W. C. Kraatz, Ohio State University and Ohio Bureau of Fish and Game. “The Gizzard Shad, in relation to plants and the Game Fishes.’’ L. H. Tiffany, Ohio State University and Ohio Bureau of Fish and Game. ‘‘The Inexhausti-- bility of the Sea.’’ Prof. E. E. Prince. ‘‘What are Rainbow Trout and Steelhead Trout.’? Wm. C. Ken- dall, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. ‘‘Relationships of the so-ealled ‘‘blue pike’ and ‘‘yellow pike’’. Wm. C. Ken- dall. 5.45 p.m.—Reeess. 8.00 p.m.—Open session, Convention Room. Mov- ing pietures of Fish and Game work in Ohio. A series of films showing educational work of the Ohio Bureau of Fish and Game. Wednesday, September 22nd, 1920. 9.30 a.m.—Open session, Convention Room. ‘‘Spawn- ing Habits of the Spinv Lobster, Panulirus argus, with notes on the Artificial Hatching of the Eggs.’’ D. R. Crawford, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. 11.15 a.m.—Motor Tour of Ottawa. Courtesy of the Board of Trade of the City of Ottawa. 12.45 p.m.—Return to Chateau Laurier. 1.00 p.m.—Luncheon in Chateau Laurier Grill Room, given by the Department of Marine and Fisheries to Delegates, Guests and their Ladies. 3.30 p.m.—Open session, Convention Room, ‘‘Forest Protection and its Effect on Fish and Game Life.’’ Hon. Honoré Mercier, Minister of Lands and Forests, Quebee. ‘‘The Relation of Certain Aquatie Plants of Differing Habits of Growth to Oxygen Supply and to the Capacity of Small Ponds to Support the Top-Min- now, Gambusia Affinis.’’ R. L. Barney and B. J. Anson, U.S. Bureau of Fisheries. ‘‘The Food of Lar- val and Post-larval Fishes of Plymouth Sound’’. Ma- rie, V. Lebour, Plymouth Biological Station. Report of Committees. Election of Officers. 5. 45 p.m.—Recess. 8.15 p.m.—Regent Theatre Party, given by the De- partment of Marine and Fisheries to Delegates, Guests and their Ladies. Thursday, September 23rd, 1920. Address, Hon. F. C. Biggs, Minister of Publie Works and Publie Highways, Ontario. 7.00 p.m.—Dinner in Chateau Laurier Banquet Reem, given by the Department of Marine and Fisheries to Delegates, Guests and their Ladies. It will be noted that several items on the program- me were entered for the $100 Prize contest for the best essay on a subject of immediate interest to the So- ciety. This was won by Dr. W. A. Kendall of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries. His paper on ‘‘The Structure of Salmonoid Fishes and the relation of these faetors to Fish Culture’’ was regarded by the judges as being the most informative and interesting of the many. very able papers presented by competitors. = = = 234 (80) Welcoming Adresses. In his address of welcome to the visiting delegates, Mr. A. Johnston, deputy minister of marine and fish- eries, emphasized the good will and co-operation that existed between citizens of the United States and citi- zens of Canada these many years. He declared it was rather unique for an American organization to choose as its meeting place the capital of another country, yet that was but an example of the good will and fellow- ship that existed between them. If he had any advice to give them it was simply this, ‘‘ When you get to the boundary. line, forget it. Another Boundary Line. Mayor Harold Fisher, who welcomed the guests on ‘behalf of the city, spoke along similar lines. Taking the words ‘‘invisible boundary line’’ as the subject of his text he applied it to the amity and co-operation existing between the two sister provinces of Ontario and Quebee. It was but an ‘‘invisible boundary line’’ that between Ottawa and Hull, for instance, and he felt sure the guests would soon come to know it. If he could give them a warning it was to advise them when they crossed the line across which flowed an imaginary river, they stay there long enough to make sure of the keyhole. Dr. William C. Adams, director of the division of fisheries and game, department of conservation, Mas- sachusetts, replied to the addresses of welcome. He stated it was his first trip to this country, but it did not take him long to get acquainted and after regis- tering at the Chateau he lost no time in crossing the boundary line. ‘‘Before we go too deep in the discus- sion of international affairs, mF he declared, form all present that I am an authority on such mat- ters.’’ He appreciated the welcome given them, and indeed it was hardly necessary to say they did not come as “‘foreigners.’’ For themselves they never regarded Canada as being an outsider and he believed that the American Fisheries Society, true to its name, included everything on the North American continent. The time would come when the ‘‘line’’ would become of as little consequence as the Mason-Dixie line. The time, in fact, was at hand when what is Canada’s in- terest in relation to its resources in fish and game, lumber and minerals, ete., would likewise be the in- terest of the United States. While most of the papers and addresses were of in- terest to scientists and fish eculturists rather than to those engaged in the commercial fisheries, yet several of the items on the programme were worth reading and digesting by commercial fishermen. Professor Prince CANADIAN FISHERMAN ~ toba and British Columbia and his address Biles “let me in-” “ speaker. fish life but also all the small organisms that fish October 1920. of Ottawa addressed the congress upon several sub- jects connected with Canada’s fishing industry. He — told many fish stories, but they differed from the — usual fish story told by the ambitious angler in that — they were corroborated by pictures. He then review- — éd by means of the slides the leading Canadian fish- — eries, showing the strides this industry had made of — recent years. Particularly interesting was that part — of his lecture devoted to the fisheries on the Fraser * River, where the most famous salmon fisheries in the ~ world are located. He covered the fisheries of - Atlantic coast, of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, - Mer. 5 enjoyed. To impress the value of fish as food he stated that he knew one squaw whose life-long diet had been fish, who was now 116 years of age, and as yet showed no alarming signs of old age. ~ a at > An interesting address on the pollution of | waters was given by John T. Travers of the Ohio Bureau of — Fish and Game. The speaker illustrated his Ree 2 by- practical demonstrations of water polluted by in dustrial waste and discharges. ; By the use of certain chemieal compounds, the for- mulae for which he obtained through scientifie search work and experimentation, he showed the | re-purefaction. The particular point stressed by t lecturer was that polluted water, a menace to hum life, to animal life, and to aquatic life, might be pu fied and made habitable without interfering with dern manufacture. The process was declared to extremely simple and worked no hardship on any dustry. In spite of that ayy forin of pollution yet tected in the waters of Ohio could be eliminated. announced that he would gladly furnish fhe detail the process free to any manufacturing plant or in try that wished to use it. Endangers Fish Life. ‘‘Industrial pollution or waste from manufaetw plants as well as copperas water from coal mines what is despoiling our streams, killing off all aq life and marking our once beautiful creeks and iy e) seething sewers of filth and breeding places for sease germs, deadly to man and beast’’, declared Many streams throughout the country sa gressly polluted by manufacturing industry ea by the chemicals they used, that not only all kinds upon were destroyed. The speaker appealed for consideration of the subject since it was more se than it was at first hand realized. 4,6&8 SINGLE CYLINDER. EQUIPPED WITH WATERPROOF IGNITERS Absolutely Dependable pion see No Battery or Coil Troubles OUTBOARD MOTORS in 6 Models : Catalogues on request PERFECTION MOTOR CO. Canadian Distributors CAILLE PERFECTION MOTORS 380 St. James Street MONTREAL —- —— October, 1920. CANADIAN Other speakers included Mr. Dwight Lydell, of the Michigan Fish Commission, who spoke on pratical fish eulture, and James Navin, of Wisconsin, who gave a review of fifty years of work in fish eulture. Mr. ©, O. Hayford, superintendent of the state fish hatchery, at Hackettstown, N.J., spoke on ‘‘experiments — in trout feeding.” A specially interesting paper on ‘‘Adequate Fish Inspection; a means of better fish to the consumer and inereased Fish Food Consumption’ was read by Arthur L. Millett, State Fish Inspector for Massachu setts. Mr. Millett declared that the marketing of in ferior grades of fish had a tendency to decrease the consumption, because the consumer did not find them appetizing. He thought that by eliminating second quality fish entirely on the markets, the producer and consumer would be better pleased. Prof. Prince elected Vice-President. Professor E. E. Prince, Dominion Commissioner of Fisheries, was unanimously elected vice-president of the American Fisheries Society at the coneluding ses- sion. This honor is not only a recognition of Profes- sor Prince’s valuable contributions to the work of the society, but to the part that Canadians have taken du- ring the past few years along the lines of fish culture. Mr. Nathan R. Buller, of Harrisburg, Pa., was chosen to fill the president’s chair. All papers read were reserved for publication in the Society's Bulletin and the Canadian Fisherman will publish some of the most interesting in a later issue. Many Cannery managers from the Northern B. C. @anneries are back in town, and their familiar faces may be seen any day on the streets. FISHERMAN 235 (81) INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL. On Thursday, September 23rd. a representative ga- thering of fishery officials and scientists from Canada, the United States and Newfoundland met in Ottawa under the ehairmanship of the Deputy Minister of Marine & Fisheries to discuss ways and means for the formation of a eo-operative scheme of fishery investi- gation in North American waters by the Governments of Canada, United States and Newfoundland. Among those present were Messrs. W. A. Found, Asst Deputy Minister of Fisheries, Ottawa; Dr. E. E. Prinee, Ottawa; Prof. Huntsman, Toronto; Dr. Hugh M. Smith, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, Washington; Dr. W. Bell Dawson, Tidal Survey, Ottawa; Prof. John N. Cobb, Seattle; Mr. Whiteway, Newfoundland Dept. of Fisheries; Dr. Bigelow, U. 8S. Bureau of Fisheries; Dr. Kendall, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; Dr Radeliffe, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries; Dr. Willey, MeGill University, Montreal; Dr. A. P, Knight, Biological Board of Can- ada; Mr. Stewart, Hydrographie Survey, and F. W. Wallace, Secretary, Canadian Fisheries Association. All the members present spoke upon the need for co-operative effort in the investigation of sea life and exploration of the fishitig grounds and the general tone of the remarks was unanimous for an internatio- nal council between the three countries concerned. At the conclusion of the meeting, a resolution was passed recommending that the Governments of New- foundland, Canada and the United States take steps to establish an International Council for Fishery Re- search in North American waters. Such a Council, when formed, will €ndeavour to work in close harmony with the European Scientifie Council for the Explora- tion _of the Sea. 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Cable ‘‘GENERAL" in the following codes: Bentley, Western Union 5 letter, A. B. C. 5th edition. Phone Intervale 720 Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING ‘CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York We buy WHITE FISH ‘and CISCOE ROE STURGEON CAVIAR any quantity By Best Market Prices. = (For reference Cosmopolitan Bank of the Bronx, N.Y.) : AGENT FOR pRoe PH Ones: Bey, 0442 LAMINATES WOOD CHIPS T. HALLIDAY NAVAL ARCHITECT (First Class Honors Medallist) 706 Credit Foncier Building . - VANCOUVER, B.C. JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CO, SARATOGA SPRINGS. : . N.¥., U.S, Phone Seymour 4207 McBRIDE WELLS &{CO. Labellers and Reconditioners of all Canned Fish, 206 Dominion Building 207 Hastings Street West VANCOUVER, - - Canada Pe ree ne CANADIAN FISHERMAN 85 “z= The Ranney Fish Co. WME Me) Cleveland, ‘ Ohio. (RiP), : ‘Noma O° Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less FISH OYSTERS*©CLAMS — \ TAME — CHARLES NOBLE WHOLESALE PRODUCERS, IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN aay H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, : Nova Scotia. FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED | Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. A. E. HICKMAN CO. Limited ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC, Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address “Lemétais Bordeaux” LEVESONS, LIMITED Incorporated by Letter Patents Under ominion Companies’ Act EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, MANUFACTURERS’ AGENTS Agents for Bovril, Limited, ‘Tripping Deer Brand’’, Canned Salmon, Canned Pilchards, Canned Herring. Deminion Building, 207 Hastings St., Vancouver, B C., Canada A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern, N. Clarke St. 2: 3 CHICAGO COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. CANADIAN FISHERMAN = W. Irving Atwood, W. Elmer Atwood, Irving M. Atwood, , President. Vice-President. Treasurer. i s. 4 ’ ALL WACH USETI= VARIETIES BRAND OF THE FINNAN HADDI SEASON 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass. FOOD PRODUCTS Canadian - American - Oriental Salmon — Herring — Pilchards 5; Canned Fruits and Vegetables — = : Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp—Milk— Canadian Canned ‘ oney——_Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts Prd vishal wg fae babetegt | dy Cured and apioca — ole Spice — Oils — ° Tallow—Apples —Potatoes--Onions —Lumber— Box Shooks — Barrel Smoked Fish Staves. O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Limited |P CLoane KieiyeCoLtO> | HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA ANE KIELY & Associate Offices: 326 Colman Building, Seattle Wash. (U.S.A.) 1h i VANCOUVER.B© p 619 Robert Dollar Bldg,, San Francisco, Cal. VANcoUVER.B- |) = — ABLE ADDRESS: ‘‘BRITSALMON” Bank Reference: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver 7 ee —) O.MUSTAD & SON Musfa d (; 9 d ofall kinds ee Hooks | — . ac 4 of Fish Hooks cc fow | CHRISTIANIA Kish fhismarkef | 2 ee consider fhem 4 ; fhe Best Hooks 4 Fishermen like the on ikea ra nine See 2 DAK wale lls Made by: 4 | by Y | Christiania | MUSTAD HOOK OMusfad sSon Norway i on account of their The Largest Manufmeforers ’ Perfect ofFishHooksinmeWorld | Shape,Temper and Finish Establ. 1839. ei * t Se e 4 7 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 87 FR NN ey es er ee ee ee ee Rr eee ey ee oes gh | i ( McA\ ‘tg : CRAVITL ieee ers ll ih (ns RY ALS lie ee UTEM ERT FORCANY SEA | MARINE ENGINE SUPPLIES | ENGINE SUPPLIES | A**.: Eaptot-bo mat acce sorie , that “McAVITY” ‘Supply are the kind which are designed to give AT A _ They can be depended upon in nasty weather and choppy sea. The fishing industry has long recognized them as the most reliable obtainable. | T. McAvity &Sons, ST. JOHN, N.B. Montreal, Winnipeg, Vancouver, Toronto. a UA | A Ba Ll ee a 7 ani NE eared Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships ESTABLISHED 1900 Walter Lambert, M.1N.2. HERBERT JOURNEAUX NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER eres yet FAMOUS BAY CHALEUR BRAND | 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL CANNED AND 2RERR LOBSTERS FRESH COD, MACKEREL, Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. S. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET 1 f FRESH and SMOKED FISH BOX SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY Our Fresh Fish packed in ice reach you in the best possible condition . IF IT HAS FINS---ASK US Standing Orders Assure Regular Supplies .*. Enquiries Solicited LONDON SMOKED COD FILLETS are Good Sellers fae DON FISH CO., Ltd. <'*.. Vancouver, Canada CANADIAN FISHERMAN S ; ize - CAEP IEEE Caught & Packed by WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED VANCOUVER, CANADA. os The fish are sait- ciently cooked and may be eatencold. They should not be left in the tin after it is opened. KNOW YOUR PRODUCT | The purchasing of canned herring should be done with the utmost care. When you are placing before the consumer a product that you know is going to please, you are sure of repeat orders, and they will invariably specify the brand. BUY WALLACE’S FRESH HERRING With the TARTAN on the Label || You are then sure of getting the best in canned herring. This company’s plants are adjacent to the waters in-which shools- of herring in teeming thousands abound. Caught and delivered at their canneries when in the prime of condition, and pro- I cessed by the most sanitary and modern machinery, the finished product is un- equalled in quality and flavor. IT PAYS TO KNOW YOUR PRODUCT WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED, VANCOUVER BLOCK, - _ VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada. | ye ee ee ee BUY BEAVER BRAND FROZEN SMERIES 5 MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, HADDOCK and POLLOCK SALTED COD, HAKE POLLOCK and CUSK SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, BLOATERS, KIPPERS and FILETS. CARLOAD LOTS A SPECIALTY Beaver Brand All our goods are prime stock, as every- thing we buy is prac- tically alive when re- moved from the fish- ing boats and taken into our plant. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 Ibs. New York Office ARCH 11, BROOKLYN BRIDGE Telephone Beekman 17 Plant at Liverpool, N.S pepton Fins, Pier, North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. Boston Representative FRANK J. LEACH Bostc ss As we smoke only the finest grade of Had- dock, the finished pro- duct should be of par- ticular interest to dis- criminating buyers. Fish taken right out of the water at our plant at Liverpool and smoked in a thorough- ly modern smoke- house. Piant: LIVERPOOL NOVA SCOTIA BE. J. Murphy. Managing Director se ee ee ee Sn ee ee ew eee eC, Pe, Pe ee era CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. THE WANNENWETSCH iM wae pe She Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. A > ieee ae SHIPMATE RANGES Smallest Size Largest Size Body 18} inches long No limit to length “Three cheers for the old Pierhcad !”’ is an old seafaring valediction when towing out of dock. But nowadays, the modern shell- back has a long head and peers into the galley for a cheering glance at the cook and his SHIPMATE. Made by THE STAMFORD FOUNDRY COMPANY Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN. Agencies in Canada F. H. Hopkins & Co. : . Montreal, Canada Lipsett Cunningham & Co., Ltd., - Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Company, 798 Beatty Street Vancouver, B.C. yy Ds i, cl” ll” a The cook Hikes Klim because of its genuine flavor. He knows so many dishes can be made uappetizing by the addition of Klim. Klim is pure pasteurized separated Milk in powder form. One pound dissolved in water will make four quarts of pure fresh liquid separated milk. Klim is light, compact, easily transported, will re- main fresh indefinitely, An abundant supply of Klim will promote health and contentment among your men.. Put it on your list of supplies. The men will enjoy it with every meal and will accomplish more work. They will relish Klim on their oatmeal, in puddings, biscuits, “ gravy—in fact there are a hundred and one dishes which Klim’s naturai milk flavor will improve. Your wholesale Grocer will be able to supply Ii Klim in compact cases containing six ten-pound tins. [Hip Canadian Milk Products Limited TORONTO Montreal St. John Y YJ qT mM Dp WN | nh) WW aD De Winnipeg mae CoS ALWAYS RUNS i = gg There’s a History of Standardiza- tion Behind this Fine Engine. E VERY part of every Kermath motor that was ever built is interchangeable ; in other words, you can assemble and fit perfectly any 1920 Kermath part into a 1912 or 1915 or any other Kermath model that has ever been brought out. This is the reason why_ Kermath is called “America’s Standard 4-Cycle Engine’. It explains why over 60% of America’s beat builders specify Kermath, and why Kermath is the leading American marine engine in the foreign field. Write for the Kermath booklet—it will interest you immensely whether you own a boat or consider buying one. ADDRESS DEPT. “N” 4 cyl. 4 cycle—12, 16, 20 and 40 H,. P. Prices $450 to $1650. KERMATH Mif¢ Co. DETROIT MICHIGAN. 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED from FISH WASTE Ernest Scott & Company’s NEW METHOD) Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values of products PROCESS EINGINEERS McGill Bld’g ; Montreal : - Canada Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMENTS The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, - Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. F.H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY ‘‘We are in the market for New Dulse’’ REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s arte Agencies Solicited The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. } ee ae CANADIAN FISHERMAN “Brunswick Brand HIGH ee ine | GRADE FOODS et CONNORS BROTHERS, LIMITED PACKERS AND CANNERS, BLACK’S HARBOUR, N.B icense No, 1—603. Cable Address: Connor s, St. George Telegraphic Address: St. George, N.B. Branch Office: 6 Ward Street, St. John, N.B. Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. PECK SLIP NEW YORK CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE _ ST. THOMAS, ONT ARS {| The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. . {] Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. ¥.:6.,:C.. P:R, Geeta P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. {| Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut .27¢2sfisn WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS snk’ cous Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of “Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,” “Pacific Salmon Fisheries,’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,” ‘‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” ‘‘The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,” etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited vy every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fisherman, and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant, the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are no utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe 3 Spiny Ediater or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. j Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, foe Ete. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden Whiting Mullet Yellowtai Pikes Etc., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. CANADIAN FISHERMAN eee ee ee Pere ee eee Cable Address:--‘‘DAVECONNOR,”” VANCOUVER, ALL CODES USED D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. I. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building - - VANCOUVER, B.C. Addresse par Cable:-“DAVECONNOR,” ~~ COURTIER, EXPORTAIEUR VANCOUVER. D. { ONNOR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. u ppizsscin Cqblearafca D. CON NO CORREDOR DE SALMON Se usan todos los Cédigos & EXPOR TS OMIstONTeEa Te Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informaci6n. PRECIOS C. I. F. REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building - - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. CASTRO ASSIS & CO. SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department : — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC. Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. (States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) : WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL First Class References. RUA SAO BENTO 66a P. 0. Box No. 1666 Telegram Address: ORTSAC. Codes used: A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. Bentleys Liebers 94 GANADIAN FISHERMAN 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 81, Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. “Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN - SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 lb. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Pacific Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada pF a — — — a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 95 = Western Packers, Limited Canned Salmon, Frozen Salmon, Frozen Halibut. We Specialize in mixed carload shipments of only choice Northern British Columbia, Frozen Fish of All Grades. WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRIES. | BUTEDALE CANNERY, MARGARET BAY CANNERY, Butedale, B.C. Smith’s Inlet, B.C. SHUSHARTIE CANNERY, Shushartie Bay, B.C. Cold Storage at Butedale with capacity of approximately 2,500,000 Lbs. 4 1414 Standard Bank Bld¢., - - : = Vancouver, B.C. 4 5 Mail us this coupon, ane re will send : you FREE our En-ar-co Motor Game— ; a splendid indcor game that will afford pan ose! f heaps of fun to yourself and. your kiddies. INP ANIES, : D, Just a reminder that 1574 Excelsior Life Building, s eronto, Ont. En-ar-co Motor Oil Canada The Oil of a Million Tests is a perfect lubricant for your motor boat or auto engine. Scientifi- cally refined to remove fric- tion and increase wear, Send me En-ar. (Oe Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- Ping point and uote prices on the items I marked. shy I use. .gals. Gasoline per year & e é ie. \ I use...gals. Motor Oil per year White Rose Gosoline / \. oS I use.--. fais. Keronene Der Yeas 4 . -++.Sals. Tractor Oil per year A superior power fuel for all gas engi- “fe Peepcieat a ~~ Motor Grease per year nes. Gives you extra speed in the run . sai? ERR OK, 8. Axle Grease per year 4 Rae aes en tee i ee | RO ay, IO ae 6g ete w si0 Showa whee ss an ebaes awa cis < N . . . d bei hae Bini ees e Index tae tadvertisens Gosse-Millerd Packing Co, Ba ee eg Gray & Prior .. Halliday, T. . Hallett, A. E. Bator DB Gray ir es Ree », . Harry Hall & pag Ltd. Hickman Co., A. E Pe A ai ee Halifax Nautical tiekiawaed as International Business Machines Co., Ltd. .. Jacobson Gas cit Ce. .5 Journeaux, H. .. eae Julian, C. O., & Co. £3 Kermath Mfg. Co... . Lambert Walter . Lemetais, Jean .. .. Leckie, John, Ltd. sip Letson and Burpee, Limivea CANADIAN FISHERMAN hte ct Cold Storage Co., Ltd. een London and Petrolea Barrel Co., itd... coe ian London Fish Co., Ltd. . Lyons, Chs. & Co. Lunenburg Foutdar Co., eee MeAvity, T., & Sons Ltd. . McBride Wells and Co. 5 ae ie h Minard’s Liniment . Maritime Fish Corp. ages Mueller, Chs., Co., Ltd. Mustad, O. and Son 40 Murray-Latta Machine ee 9 ; New England Fish Co., Ine. Noble, Chs., Jr., Company . North American Fisheries & “old “Storage: Co. Ltd. : Nova Scotia ‘Goverment . O’Loane Kiely & Co., Ltd. . Process Engineers Limited .. Phenix Packing Co. . Perfection Motor Co... .... a as % Quebee Government .« .. Ramirez & Co., S. -: Ranney Fish Co.., The i = ss oe ae re : Robin, Jones and Whitman .. . Seattle Astoria Iron Works .. . Schmidt Litho et Rr Silver, H. R. Ltd. Spooner, W. R. . Stamford Foundry Co., te. St. Thomas Packing Co.; Ltd. Smith Cannery Machines Co. Seythes & Co., Ltd. Swedish Steel and Importing Co., Ltd. Tower’s Canadian, Limited . Vhay Fisheries Co... ..... Wallace Fisheries Limited . Walter, Thos. Son, Ltd. . ae . . Wannenwetsch, C. H. A. & ae = aa 2 iy a be Ward, W. A. & Co. oa: ae eee Beare Western Packers, Ltd. .. Yarmouth Trading Co... .. ... CANADIAN FISHERMAN with the Red Line Round the Top There's all the difference in the world between ordinary fishermen’s boots and Goodrich- the kind that wont leak or peel, and which wear far beyond your expectation. ser all this additional comfort ~ eater economy is yours if = i—you oo seaneth be careful to look meefor the Red Line’ round the top. bar --when you buy. Sixty thousand dealers recommend Goodrich Hipress THE B.F.GooDRICH COMPANY. SEATTLE, i113 KING St. Goodrich I-PRESS _Rubber ootwear Vine ANSE y od 22%, ~ Re 4 CANADIAN FISHERMAN “ACADIA” MARINE ENGIN Sectional View, 6: H.P. ‘‘ ACADIA”’. Instal an “ACADIA” Engine in your Boat and enjoy — : lasting satisfaction by using an engine that is strongly built, — j easy to operate and always dependable. i All «“ACADIA” Engines have a reserve of power and are rated very conservative. Built in two and four Cycle from 3 H.P. to 40 H. Pa roax ACADIA GAS ENGINES LIMITED, BRIDGEWATER, NOVA SCOTIA, Canada. — a d a Branch Office and Warehouse: iM ST. JOHN’S, . : : : NEWFOUNDLAND > Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association VOL. VII. GARDENVALE, P.Q., NOVEMBER, 1920 No. Il SeeUALITEY SSA CAEL SAS TT A BE NERD sar FOR SAFETY AT SEA “LION BRAND” ee | TAnzmarny | | | , MADE IN CANADA NEARLY A CENTURY CONSUMERS CORDAGE CO., LIMITED } ESTABLISHED 1825 Mills at Dartmouth, N.S., and Montreal Branches at Toronto and St. John, N.B Tees & Perase, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Moose Jaw, Saskatoon, Calgary, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Quebec, P.Q., Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C, When ordering please specify whether rail or water carrier is desired OE TS SEE “EFFICIENCY” CANADIAN FISHERMAN Mr. Fish Producer-- Never before have Canadian fish producers been given such an opportunity to develop for- eign trade as they have at the present time. Canada stands ace-high among the nations of the world and enjoys a sentimental preference which no other nation can parallel. The products of her fisheries are in demand and, because of the premium on exchange, pro- ducers in Canada have a considerable advantage in quoting prices to foreigners. They now have a chance to develop a direct business and to extricate themselves from the pre- vailing system of utilizing another country to act as broker for Canadian foreign trade. Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, Ottawa, Ont. CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Navigator Log “The Log Long Looked For In The Maritime Field.”’ Constructed on : ne Entirely Automatic the Pitot Principle Speed Indicator — Functions with In the Engine Room unfailing precision Independent of all external conditions Distance Recorder on the Bridge APPLY FOR DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE SOLE CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES SWEDISH STEEL & IMPORTING CO., LIMITED SHAUGHNESSY BUILDING, : ‘ MONTREAL a, cea A ee * : is fe ‘d : a ¢ ¥ CANADIAN FISHERMAN er Nam y AIG» : \ a MAT ut FWY f | / —_ Fa. BE LEADERS . THOSE WHO iq MK) BLAZE THE TRAIL ——<>4 © Wi THIS ORGANIZATION __. @i) “TAKES PRIDE ORIGINAT- Ny) = ING COMPELLING LABEL. | KR), IDEAS BALANCED BY~ | | THE JUDGEMENT OF } ) EXPERIENCE - i OUR LABELS ARE TENS : GIVEN THE CAREFUL |g Ge = PLANNING and PAINSS ae Al Ny TAKING WORKMAN ~ “} | SHIP THAT MAKE THEM 4 ( INDIVIDUAL_. ¢ SCHMIDT LITHOGRAPH (0! "all ie aap i CANADIAN FISHERMAN 7 SPEEDY A Mr. Customer: You will need a good Display of all kinds of strictly bright, crisp, new Fish, for the NATIONAL FISH DAY February 9th, 1921, next Remember the date, also that the only place to get the best stock of FISH, best value, best service and lowest price, is at the old and reliable Headquarters. SPLENDID MONTREAL Gf Prorits pe Established, 1874 =6 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ———————————— MeAvity MARINE ENGINE SUPPLIES Plunge Through With this Propeller It is made of best Admiralty Propeller that bears the name Bronze and special attention ‘““McAvity’’. It will push is given in casting to insure you through the heaviest seas perfect accuracy in diameter you will run up against. "and pitch. Carefully hand filed to ‘Te- You can pin your faith toa _ move all surface blemishes. T. McAVITY SONS, LIMITED ST. JOHN, N.B. WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER, MONTREAL, TORONTO tt CANADIAN: EXPORTERS OF ALL KINDS OF bd Sel SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO THE FISH TRADES GAZETTE 12 MORNE a8 iS. os 26/- including postage 6 Wy ore ith phan w Ri ee 13/- ES By 3 WER ea en 6/6 be vic Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office-—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE BRAND THAT STANDS THE STRAIN A RELIABLE MADE IN CANADA— PRODUCT THAT BY CANADIANS— WILL STAND | FOR CANADIAN EVERY TEST INDUSTRIES Consumers Cordage Company Limited Mills at Dartmouth, N.S. ESTABLISHED 1825 and Montreal, P.Q. Branches at Toronto, Ont. and St. John, N.B. Tees & Persse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Moose Jaw, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset. & Co., Quebec, P.Q. Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C. CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Fisheries of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of Fish and Fish Products - and - Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Shell Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore fisheries. q The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for the economical exploitation by fishing vessels of of the larger type. @ Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. lf You Are Buying Fish— If You Have Capital To Invest— If You Are a Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRITE W. B. MacCOY, ““iiinnisaion” 197 Hollis St., Halifax CANADIAN FISHERMAN ll | BOOTH FISHERIES il CANADIAN COMPANY, LTD. Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked Prince Rupert Kingston Port Arthur 2 f O RO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | | Chamcook, N.B. | | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Canadian Company Limited, Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. 12 €ANABDIAN FISHERMAN W.R. SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, - MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED — REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘‘VENESTA” and ‘‘ LEMBERG”’ ‘“NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillet, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish ee eT eS a a a a OS ee CANADIAN FISHERMAN Exceptional Angling ——Opportunities— are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- elusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On all unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade J The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland 4 and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ul a ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their qwn advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. : For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province, of Quebec 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Codes: Cable Address: Armsby “‘ Brokers.”’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners So“ 6 M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. +“ S Salmon Canners Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands aes “LACROSSE” “SOCKET E “SUNDIAL” “COHOCES: | | “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS” CANADIAN FISHERMAN “Rupert” Brand CANADIAN FISH 4 COLD STORAGE CO., LTD. PRODUCERS OF Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt, Mild Cured and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, BRILLS, SOLES, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC., ‘ETC. The Largest Canadian Distributors of Frozen Fish The World’s Largest Fish Cold Storage Plant. Owners of the Largest Fleet of Halibut Vessels in Canada. Capacity of Plants :— Cold Storage, 7,000 Tons. Ice Tanks, 80 Tons Daily. Ice Storage, 2,000 Tons. Cannery, 1,000 Cases Daily. Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, IIl. U. S. A. New York City ee 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Fifty Years Supplying The Canadian Fishermen With the experience and knowledge gained. from these long years of service we are able to take care of your require- ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of :— 7 Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, ; Lamps of all types, Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. a HOY be \ . Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. The House of Quality and Servic EO ee a CANADIAN FISHERMAN HER)RI|N CANNED ~ [- SMOKED —FISH—AM CANNED SALMON —EB Pictcuaros » HERRING: LOBSTER THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry, SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. .. «1 «+ ss se se ee +s $1.00 United States and Elsewhere .. heo eee a $1.50 payable in advance eee a Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should be in the publisher's hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regulur rate. ee CNY \ SAAN Wa ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association, Wis Ze a = ZA Se Se ee Se oe MONTREAL OFFICE: — TORONTO OFFICE: A. 8. Christie, Eastern Mgr. H. W. Thompson, Western Drammond B Manager 205 : Telephone, Uptown . VANCOUVER OFFICE: Cc. P. RB. Bldg., cor. King F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative and Yonge Sts. 528 Winch Bldg. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director GARDEN CITY PRESS_~ - - - - - Gardenvale Que. «) Wen veniye etd ! Lapieetel ! \ YY 18 CANADIAN FISHERMAN . ne { TANS? “4 \ * - SOPERRCEIS LETS ETT: Mastering the Waters of the World fe + Hs Ry | Babes bd Mastering of the waters of the world has been bine’ ho} et oe and is an important factor in the advancement brs 4 he i ; of civilization. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse [aba 9? : ee ae Co. Limited, claims its share in this advancement. pe Ry ae i f ie No matter where you live, or what your business, ‘4 F | 5 #! be you are constantly dependent on pumps for the water at | i Da you drink, for the protection of your home from fire, or the production of the things you use, wear, and eat, And quite likely it is a F airbanks-Morse pump, for Fairbanks-Morse pumps have long been recognized as standards—dependable pumps, constantly giving maxi- mum service under the most exacting conditions, The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse engineers know the pumping problems of Canada and, with all the re- sources and reputation of this national institution behind them, have developed pumps that meet every requirement and meet it with a product that is worthy of being branded “Fairbanks-Morse 100% quality.” Make this mark your guarantee of satisfaction and our catalogue your buying guide, The Canadian FairbanKks-Morse Co., Limite Canada's Departmental House for Mechanical Goods ' Oo) , : (——te let Halifax, } B 954 St. John, fy , Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Windsor, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Regina, ominmemamiilion’ = Calgary, Vancouver, | i: walt y FAIRBANK: ™ Victoria. we. 15 - fi RM Rae Tae me i MACHINE SHOP SUPPLIES AL ovnamos ano surruics as >. ———— a — ee 3 _ November, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 237 DITORIAL THE YANKEE BLUENOSE VICTORY. The Yankee Bluenose has beaten the Bluenose Blue- nose. In the exciting fishing schooner race on the Atlantic ocean off Halifax the Gloucester vessel ‘‘Es- peranto’’, commanded by Captain ‘‘Marty’’ Walsh, has beaten the Lunenburg vessel ‘‘Delawana’’, com- manded by Captain ‘‘Tommy’’ Himmelman. But the contest proved to be a case of Bluenose against Blue- nose, for the Yankee schooner was commanded by a sturdy skipper hailing from Digby, Nova Scotia. The race of the competing Nova: Scotia fishermen in the first stage, and the later race of a somewhat international character, have aroused a lively interest ' in maritime affairs. Conducted under the manage- ment of men who have a fine conception of the good - that may be done by manly competition, the races have made for good sport and good fellowship. Winners ; and losers have accepted victory and defeat in the chivalrous spirit that always characterizes the games of manly men. Halifax, noted for its hospitality, has welcomed and entertained the Yankee visitors and sent them home happy in the enjoyment of their prizes and of the good fellowship created by the event. Keen observers of the lines of the competing vessels ‘were not surprised by the victory of the Bluenose from Gloucester over the Bluenose from Lunenburg. In the creation of the large fleet of fishing vessels - which hails from Nova Scotia speed has not usually been régarded as a point of importance, The Nova Scotia vessels have been built with primary regard to fishing, and with secondary regard to carrying capa- 4 eity when occasionally required to engage in freight- _ ing. The Gloucester vessels have all along paid more ' regard to speed and to smartness of appearance. In late years there has been an improvement in the ap- pearance of the Nova Scotia vessels, so that there is not so much difference as there once was in the general appearances of the two classes of craft. The FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE Editor Gloucester men, however, still turn out schooners bet- ter designed for racing than the’ Nova Scotians. But if racing is to be hereafter regarded as one of the purposes of the ship, the bluenoses at home may safe- ly be counted on to produce vessels that will better fit them for the competition. Whether it is worth while changing their models for the sake of ‘the racing may, perhaps, be a debatable question. But if, as is suggested, this fishing schooner race is to become an annual event, we may expect to see ‘a lively competi- tion in the shipyards along the Nova Scotia coast which turn out the vessels for the fishing fleet—The Canadian Journal of Commerce. GREATER CO-OPERATION NEEDED. Efforts of all Interested in Fishing Industry Must be United if Trade is to be Developed. In Great Britain the per capita consumption of fish is estimated at sixty pounds per annum. Still an elaborate campaign is in progress, in which all branch- es of the industry are co-operating to increase the use of seafoods. One of the slogans being used extensively is:—Eat Fish Once a Day. Now if in the Old Country where the people are éating a fairly healthy proportion of fish, this seems advisable, how much more is such a campaign neces- sary in this country where the per capita consump- tion of fish is about nineteen pounds a year. The tain trouble is that we have not got the many co- operating factors they seem to have in England. Here the wholesaler and the retailer appear to have very little in common. There are too many loose strings. There is no doubt about it that the large distributors see the advantage of co-operative publicity, but they find it hard to get the co-operation. If they feel anything should be done they must do it themselves, It is a ease of ‘‘let George do it’’. But if successful educational work among the consumers is to be done, 238 CANADIAN all interested in the trade must join hands. Increased ‘consumption will mean better business all round and anyone with any notion of progress should be in- terested in seeing his business grow. At the present time the large distributors are fairly well organized. .The Canadian Fisheries Association is a tower of strength to the industry, but subsidiary. associations seem to exist in little more than name only. As far as the retailers are concerned they are absolutely without organization. In many of the cities fish merchants are members of the Retail Mer- chants’ Association or some other general body. But they should be associated along trade lines. They should get together and exchange ideas, discuss diffi- culties of trade, as well as national and parochial situations in the fish business. In a certain city some obstacle such as unsatisfactory transportation facili- ties, ete., may be hindering the business. One mer- chant will not take the matter up. He will let it slide. But if all the fish dealers in that particular city saw the thing in the same light they would not hesitate to seek adjustment of the difficulty. From lecal bodies provincial and national organizations would develop. It is understood that, for the purpose of bringing the retail end of the industry into line with the general movement, the Publicity and Marketing Branch of the Fisheries Department, Ottawa, has a plan in view to put the facts of the situation before retailers individually and to secure their co-operation. FROZEN FISH THE SOLUTION. Many Obstacles Would be Overcome if Public Were Properly Advised. In England where a large population is econcen- trated in.a comparatively small area, the problem of getting fish to market in good condition still eon- fronts the industry. Fish could be laid down in any quarter of the country in excellent condition, but the difficulty is that people refuse to buy fish that is frozen. On the continent fish is shipped long distances in the fresh state, packed well in ice and with certain primitive insulating materials. Authori- ties on the matter, insist that the freezing of fish is the logical and economical way of transporting it, but the consumer can’t see it. The scheme of freez- ing fish has fallen into such disrepute that inves: tigators are now at work to discover some other means of preservation which will not attract pre- judice. One man who has been experimenting for years announces he fas invented an electrical process for driving out the moisture. His scheme, he says, makes it possible to preserve fish indefinitely without appreciably detracting from the original article in any way. The fish is restored when required for use, by allowing to absorb moisture. This, as many other FISHERMAN 2 ment, attitude of general publie, ete. November. 1920. a plans that have been suggested, while it sounds a right, may not stand the test: in practical use when y For ourselves we cannot see the necessity of this investigating. We have an excellent process preserving fresh fish in transit to remote markets. We will admit that it does not meet with popular approval. That, however, does not alter the situation. We have the word of many investigators — very re- “] cently that of Dr. E. D. Clark of the Food Research — Laboratory of Philadelphia, who has just completed _ : a two years’ study of the matter—that fish ‘suffers — no appreciable loss of food constituents through pre- servation by the freezing method. The system then is all right, and it serves its purpose splendidly. Then — our effort should not be devoted to searching for new — devices which would have an equally doubtful recep- a tion, but it should be in the way of correcting public opinion and removing the unwarranted prejudice a gainst frozen fish. In Canada, and in the United States as well, ie next door to impossible to supply the central markets with fresh fish from either coast unless it be frozen. The shipping of fresh fish preserved in ice is expen- — sive and of very doubtful value, except where thehaul — is very short. It has been proved time and again that fish properly frozen on the Atlantie coast can laid down in the remotest market in the very best con dition, where fresh fish, carefully iced, would 1 putrescent after the same journey. a To increase the consumption of fish in Canady: the general public must be educated to the use of — he frozen article. It must be impressed upon them that — it retains all its food properties and flavor if it is properly hantlofe In the a retail dealers | and fish. A campaign of this kind should stimulate the frozen fish business. Immediately many of our transporta- — tion problems would vanish, and a flying start wor be made in pattie x our system of supplying ¢ aA adian markets. a @hild fies an apple. He gnaws a cirele aroun and throws the balance away. CAPITALIZING FISHING INDUSTRY. What a tremendous asset is represented in fisheries! To place a fixed valuation upon their | D tentiality is impossible, but a vague conception : what it would be may be acquired by letting one’s _ thoughts dwell in this channel: How long have our waters been producing fish as food for mankind? What has been the material value year by year 0 cp CANADIAN » furnish mankind with food? What will be the ma- ial value of their product. year by year in the ef Considering the annual production on the one hand the inexhaustibility of the supply on the other; sidering the fact that employment is provided per- nently for a hundred thousand men, but that no ef- is required to keep the submarine harvest field in 90d shape; and considering, furthermore, the extent f non-producing assets in the form of untouched hing areas, at what sum would you place the capi- value of hte fisheries? Regarding the fisheries in this light leads one to the conviction that they form the greatest natural re- source provided by the universal arrangement of things. Then the question arises: Why have we so little respect for it? Why is the tasty little creature from the sea treated with such contempt? Its food qualities surpass those of more popular foods com- manding five and ten times the price. Is it merely he fact that fish is so readily available which makes t so unpopular? Were it less common, more difficult to produce, and requiring careful cultivation, would it ‘be more highly respected? In other words, is the munificencé of Providence regarded with contempt while a more precarious gift is esteemed? That would 2m to be the case. - One wonders if the relation between the aristocratic turkey and the modest herring would be reversed were turkeys fished from the sea in hundreds of thousands of tons, and herrings required the careful attention necessary in the raising of turkeys. It seems to be the psychology of mankind in gen- eral to ask what is hard to get. If something is scarce we seek it. If something is abundant we abhor it. It is a foible of mankind to take the illogical course. utu Re _ The unexpected always happens. Then there is only one thing which will increase re- spect for fish and develop a more appreciative taste. What is it? Why, a fish famine, of course. _ TUNA FISHING AS A COMMERCIAL INDUSTRY. Sportsmen have been interested for some years in eatehing big fish with rod and line. The greatest thrills, however, have been experienced in angling for tuna, the giant mackerel which frequent the waters of both the Atlantic and Pacifie coasts. San Bernardino, Cal., has been the centre for sportsmen of the Pacifie coast, while Port Medway Harbor, Queens County, Nova Scotia, has attracted a number of sportsmen for sev- eral years. Mr. J. K. L. Ross, Montreal, has a good _ Story to relate of his experience off the Cape Breton ‘coast, when he succeeded in landing a tuna weighing yver 800 pounds. Considerable numbers of this species of large fish been frequenting the coast many years, but until nt years they were looked upon as a nuisance by fishermen, and when taken incidentally were FISHERMAN 239 utilized for the manufacture of farmland compost, as they were not looked upon as a desirable food fish. Some ten of twelve years ago, however, a market was found in the United States, chiefly in Boston and New York, and considerable shipments were made each year from the Clark’s Harbour, district of Shelburne County, Nova Scotia, realizing about .03¢ per pound. The mar- ket has been steadily increasing and shipments made this season were disposed of at .09¢ per pound. No special effort, however, was made for capturing . the fish until three years ago when the Coolen Brothers and Freeman Harnish, of Hubbard’s Cove, Lunenburg County, utilized a double-headed mackerel trap-net, which was operated off Hubbard’s Cove during the tuna run which takes place during July and August of each year. Catches were readily and profitably mar- keted in Boston at good prices, and the last two years particular attention has been paid to the fishery. The past season was most successful,—the two trap- nets taking about 600 fish, averaging about 450 lbs. each. During the latter part of August the fish were large, many weighing 700 pounds each. In one day, during the latter part of August, seventy-six were cap- tured, After being taken in the trap-nets the ‘‘spiller’’ is utilized to draw them within killing distance, after which they are landed, the heads and tail fins cut off, and the remainder of the whole fish, intact, each in separate boxes, shipped by rail to Yarmouth for trans- portation to Boston by steamer. The fishery as a definite industry is established in Hubbard’s only. The number of persons engaged is small, comprising only about. twenty. Incidentally a few others are employed in preparing the fish for ship- ment. The value of the tuna as a food fish will compare favorably with any of the large fishes, the steak por-— tions being not unlike a good quality of beef. Indeed, it is difficult to discern properly prepared chipped tuna steak from chipped beef. Other portions are not unlike veal and is greatly relished by epicures. The ‘flesh is held in high esteem by the Italian and Portug- ese residents of Boston and New York, and a good trade in the canned product could easily be secured for a large pack, particularly if put up in oil. Canned tuna has already taken a good position in the retail trade. The chief difficulty in establishing a canned tuna industry is that the supply cannot be re- lied upon.. A school may strike in at any time during July and August and not be followed by any other schools for several weeks. It is quite possible, however, with proper facilities, to preserve the catches in good condition for canning for several weeks, and thus pro- vide sufficient supplies to stabilize the operation of a cannery during the season. There is little or no retail trade in the tuna trade in the Maritime Provinces, for, as already noted, its value as a food fish has not yet become recognized. B Early in September, about the close of the run, Messrs. Bach and Finn, the official photographers of the Department of Trade and Commerce, succeeded in. getting a complete series of ‘‘shots’’ covering the fish- ery at Hubbard’s Cove. The whole intensely interest- ing operation of ‘‘playing’’ the big fish in the spiller, and killing and landing them, was most successfully secured. These pictures are, ‘without doubt, the only views of the kind existing, and will doubtless awaken much interest when they are shown on the Movie sereens throughout the country. : 240 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Fishing Schooner’s Race Bluenose Skipper Piloted American Boat to Victory. Promoted though it was in a hurry the Interational fishing schooners’ race off Halifax aroused wide- spread interest, and in the Nova Scotia and New Eng- land an enthusiasm never shown for the America cup races. ““As a matter of choice we nominate this interna- tional fishermen’s contest as the supreme ,sporting event of 1920, said the ‘‘New York Tribune’’, at the end of a long editorial. And Premier Murray of Nova Scotia said, “‘Speaking as a Nova Scotian I say that I believe that this was the greatest sporting event that the American continent ever witnessed.’’ The Associated Press, the Canadian Press and other big news agencies gave nearly as much attention to the fishermen’s contest as they did to the millionaires yacht race off Sandy Hook. One great Boston daily sent a staff photographer and three special writers to cover the race, and among the latter was J. B. Con- uolly, the famous writer of sea-stories. And Connolly showed an enthusiasm for the fishermen’s race that was never manifest in his reports of the America cup races. While Canadians naturally regret that the represen- tative of their own fishing fleet did not carry off the honors they have the consolation of knowing the cap- tain Thomas Himmelman and the crew of the Dela- wana made a splendid battle, and that the skipper of the American champion was a native of Nova Scotia, a Seaman and a sportsman of the first water. Captain Marty Welsh and his Gloucestermen won clearly and clearly under the weather conditions obtaining during the two races; but there are considerations which en- able Canadians to hope that their fisherman may make a better showing another time. For one thing there was not wind enough during either race to bring out the best qualities of fishing vessels or fishermen. Both the Nova Seotians and the New Englanders would probably have been better satisfied if the weatherman had given them an opporunity to fight it out in half a gale of wind, for the fishing vessels develop their best speed when they are under shortened sail—not when they are able to fly all their kites. In the first race the Delawana was too heavily ballasted to run a race in moderate winds. That was probably an error of judg- ment on Captain Himmelman’s part; but there are tricks in every trade—only to be learned by expe- rience. And this was his first race against an Am- erican craft. If the Delawana had obtained all the wind she could have stood up to, the result of the first race might very well have been different. She looked to be more powerful than her American rival, and ballasted as she was, she might have claimed the honors of a day of | strong winds. ; However, she lost and lost gamely, and as Lieut.- Governor Grant of Nova Scotia told Capt. Himmel- man ‘‘its’ better to have raced and lost than never to have raced at all.’’ And there will evidently be other races—other opportunities: for Canadian Fish- ermen to prove their prowess. layed in the contest of Halifax justifies the expecta- tion that an international fishing schooner race will become an annual event. The inauguration of the race has been described as a journalistic triumph of the Herald and Mail of Ha- lifax, and that in large measure is true. If those journals had not boosted the idea with characteristic enterprise, its realization would still have been a mat- ter for the dim and distant future. They were lar- gely responsible for the promotion‘of the sports. car- — ; nival at Halifax during the first week of October of this year, and for the provincial fishing schooner’s race staged at that time. So much interest was aroused in that race, that it was decided’ to issue a _ challenge to Gloucester. Prominents citizens of expenses of the proposed race, and guaranteed $5,000 — in prize money—$4,000 to go to the winner, and $1,000 _ as consolation nroney to the loser. A challenge was — issued through the columns of the Gloucester Times. At — s. first, it was reported that Gloucester was unwilling to aceept. It was’ claimed that while the Canadian fish- _ ing season was over New England vessels were busy _ and could not spare the time; further it was objected — that the Canadians having asked for a race within two _ weeks there was little time to clean, over haul, and — get a vessel in a racing trim. It was then pointed out — that while the Canadian schooners had finished their — fishing season, they would soon be going coasting or to the West Indies, and could not afford to wait any — considerable time for a race. i In a few days the officials of the Gordon-Pew Com- — The great interest dis. ova Scotia pledged a matter of $10,000 or so to meet the of Gloucester decided that the prestige of New gland was involved; and they wired an acceptance the challenge, and ordered the Esperanto prepared the contest, selecting Capt. Marty Welch, a na- of Digby, N.S., to take charge of her. The pro- eted race at once began to crowd the presidential ections for space in the newspapers anjl a place in pular interest. Making as they are a new bid for commercial primary of the seas, the Americans re quick to realize that the race offered an admir- ® opportunity of stimulating popular interest in itime enterprise, or developing what our own ry League ealls the ‘‘sea-conscious spirit’. The ernor of Massachusetts took official cognizance of the race; even presidential candidates wired encou- t Gloucester and Lunenburg, the rival craft were pared for the contest in a furor of enthusiasm, and me the targets of batteries of cameras. Seldom e two ships been made ready for sea by greater nbers of willing friends. Master mariners, city ers, ministers of the Gospel, helped, or hoped they were helping, to make the racers look spick and span. The Nova Scotia committee which bore the burden f the work of making arrangements for the race was con of H. R. Silver, chairman, R. A. Corbett, _ treasurer, and W, H. Dennis, H. E. DeWolf, R. U. Par- ker, Andrew Merkle, H. G. Lawrence, W. J. Roue, with yor Parker of Halifax, and Capt. Zinck of Lunen- x. These gentlemen, and Mr. Millett, the repre- tative of Gloucester deserve great credit for the ad- ble manner in which the contest was carried out, of course, W. ©. Smith of Lunenburg, owner of Delawana, and Mr. Carrol of the Gordon-Pew Com- y, owners of the Esperanto deserve also much cre- it for the way they entered into the spirit of the The great interest taken in the race. The game- ness with which the rival crews contended for the _ mastery and the sporting spirit which presided over __ the whole affair, evoked interesting comment from the ; writers for the. Boston press. Said James B. Con- nolly in the Boston Post : ‘We are satisfied that these Lunenburgers behind the Delawana are good sports. Capt. Himmelman was standing on the quarter of his vessel as we were warp- ed in and he hailed a most friendly greeting across to Marty Welch, and Marty, with his bashful smile, hailed just as friendly a one back to him. To bear out the notion that these other people are good sports, I might tell of a little interview with their captain, Zinck, who Himmelman’s friend and representative of this race. I was with Captain Welsh when this good old scout Zinck came along. ‘Of course, captain, we do not want to beat you bad,”’ said Zinck. : _ **No fear,’’ said Marty. ‘‘But, look here, I do not know this course. I will need a pilot for the race. _ Somebody who won’t go wrong on the buoys and _ marks if the weather comes thick. Can you name a ood man for me?”’ “T could, maybe, but I won’t,’’ says Zineck. “Why won't you?’’ asked Marty. “Suppose the man I picked had money on the race, 1 know that sometimes happens, and you ean’t tell, mey might be bet against you and then he might id you astray. But I tell you what, Capt. Welch, Port Warden knows every pilot in the harbor and CANADIAN FISHERMAN - when Halifax so much needed help. 241 what kind of a man he is. You see him and I bet you he names you a man to trust.”’ Pilot ‘‘Tom’’ Hayes was the pilot on the Esperanto in both races. : Frank P. Sibley, in the Boston Globe, in speaking of the finish of the first race, said : ‘Patches ashore that looked like odd rock forma- tions turned out to be Halifaxians, who had come down to watch the end of the race. There were literally thousands of them. Long lines of automobiles were parked along the roads; little rises in the land were black with people, and the breakwater itself was clo- sely packed. ‘‘As the Esperanto came in, from everything afloat that had a whistler and from everybody ashore that had a voice, there came a conglomerate roar, a salute to a good winner, that showed that the Nova Scotians have plenty of sporting blood, and no National pre- judice.’’ And H. F Wheeler, of the Boston Post, observed : “The people on the Breakwater, along the water front, the most of them, were losers. But they were. game. They joined in the cheers. “‘There’s a glorious spirit of gameness about the Lu- nenburgers about all the Canadians.’ At the dinner given by the Halifax Herald and Mail to the winning crews some speeches were made that are of more than passing interest to the fishing in- dustry. H. R. Silver who presided, expressed his confidence that international races by practical vessels - would be a feature of the future. Lieut.-Governor Grant said that in the race and the meeting of so many from New England and Nova Scotia there had been tied a knot in the golden thread of international friendship that time would never sever. He recalled the great explosion of 1917, and the noble way in which Massachusetts has responded “‘T take off my hat to skippers like Welch and Himmelman,”’ said his honor. It is cheering to know that we can race with that fine feeling which we have seen. This race will popularize the life of the fishermen. He extended his personal congratulations to Captains Welch and Him- melman and remembered with pride the part Nova Seotia had, not only in the losing schooner, but in the man who had so gallantly steered the victor. Speaking as a Nova Scotian, Premier Murray said he believed this race to have been the greatest sporting event the continent of America had ever witnessed. . It was no wonder Nova Seotians took an interest in it, when we remember that from Cape Breton we have a race of fishermen who cannot be excelled. The fishery is a great interest indeed and he congratulated Mr. Dennis in what he had done in organizing the idea of this great race. He hoped some fine writer would put the whole story in book form so that it_might be of permanent value to the fishemen of two countries. W. H. Dennis, in presenting the Herald and Mail Cup, emblematie of the blue ribbon of the Atlantic fishing fleets, said in part :—‘‘The majority of people in Halifax and throughout our provinee realize that this international race has proved a great success, and will prove an asset. It has given our Province tremen- dous publicity, foeusing the eyes of the continent on Halifax, ‘The World’s Third Most Important Port’ and two great Nova Scotia industries. There are few people who object to such contests, people who consider them only sporting events. A month ago there were shrewd business men in Halifax who told the committee 242 CANADIAN that the fishermen’s race was out of bounds of accom- plishment and when the International race was sug- gested their smile broadened. The fact, however, is that within two weeks two of the greatest marine con- tests ever staged in the North Atlantic, if not in the world, have been successfully and satisfactorily car- ried out off Halifax, and the resourcefullness of Nova Scotia has won the admiration of the larger majority of the people of Canada and the United States, and today this province is a household word wherever newspapers are read.’”’ ‘*Tt has been proven that what can be done in Boston, New York, Toronto or in any other city can be done in Nova Scotia by Nova Scotians. Tt is unwise for anyone to consider this great Inter- national event simply a speed contest between vessels representing the United States and vessels represent- ing Canada. That was not the MAIN object of Mr. Silver and his committee who have been so tireless in their efforts. Neither was it the object of the business men of Halifax who have so generously responded to Treasurer R. A. Corbett’s appeal, and promptly re- sponded with upwards of $5,000. Neither was it the object of the Halifax newspapers which have given publicity commanding attention to this International event. The object has been to give PUBLICITY to Nova Scotia, and those who know are satisfied that Halifax and Province have received during the past two weeks gilt-edged publicity that could not be pur- chased for $1,000,000, ‘*As I said in my introductory remarks, the main object of this International race was not a speed con- test, but it takes a great event like this to create en- thusiasm and get our people on tip-toes. The asset in Nova Scotia was PUBLICITY, telling the world of our shipbuilding industry and of one of our great natural resources, the fisheries. “Some DO NOT appreciate the importance of the fishing industrv. If the fisheries of Nova Scotia ean be kept before the people of Canada and the United States day after day and year after year, the result will be phenomenal. T have information which shows that the people of Janan consume 200 lbs. of fish a year, the people of Great Britain 57 lbs., the people of Canada 39 Ibs., and the neonle of the United States onlv 19 Ibs. The fishing industrv of both the United States and Gloucester is now vitally impressed on the minds of the people. and men of the tyne of Connolly, Hudson, Sibley, Holland. Wheeler, Murkland and others who are representing great newspapers and magazines. who are gathered around this banquet oeeasion to refer to this event. and the fact that this is a board today. will in weeks and months to come have perpetual trophv and is to be contested for each year, will keen our fishing industry a live topic. “Tf by publicity we get each person in the United States to eat two pounds of fish in excess of their present quota of nineteen pounds, Nova Seotia will have a market right at her door for the entire fishing eateh, and we will not have to search the Seven Seas for favorable trade conditions. ‘*Yes, Gentlemen, the International race, if taken advantage of, was well worth while, and if it is kept in the channels of elean sport and confined to staunch seagoing fishing craft will be an institution that we will he nroud of in vears to come.,’’ Mr. Carroll. on behalf of the Gordon-Pew Company, owners of the Esperanto, accepted the cup, which FISHERMAN November. 1920. stood in front of the chairman at the head of the table. In doing this Mr, Carroll said that no better master or crew ever sailed out of any harbor than Welch and his men. He paid at the same time a tribute to Himmel- han and his erew, and remarked that it was an honor | to win from such men. They had given him some anxious hours yesterday. The two crews were a credit to two nations. Speaking of the failure, Mr. Carroll _ said that if we begin to build freak boats in order to win all the good that had been accomplished by the race would have been‘done away with. For his part — he proposed to build only ships for utility. We appre- ciate our reception here, said Mr. Carroll, and we'll be back next year. . as aS Immediately afterwards Mr. Carroll presented to Captain Welch a silver loving cup offered by Colonial — Fisheries Company, of Boston, Mr. Duffy manager. — The cup was accepted by the Esperanto’s captain and _ then there were cheers for Captain Welch and Coptain _ Himmelman, ' ae eee Mayor Brown of Gloucester, said Gloucester and the whole country appreciated what Halifax had done The bond of friendship would be cemented by this race more firmly than ever. We will be back from Gloucester next year and then you can come to us when we will return the favors but, of course, we will keep the cup. (Laughter.) nn ema J. B. Connolly of Boston, one of those here to write up the race, said that he had written the America’s cup races and could say that they were not in it in interest with this race. He ventured to say that there _ had been ten times the popular interest in this eup as compared with that in the America’s cup. ai ell Already a company is being promoted in Nova Scotia Es to build a schooner which will be employed in the fish- ing industry, but will, it is hoped, bring the cup back __ to Canada next year. Uy gee Re ee ve Pi HON. MR. BIGGS TO HAVE CHARGE OF _ FISHERIES. An important change in the Provincial Gov- ernment has been announced in the transfer of the Department of Game and Fisheries from the supervision of Hon. F. C. Biggs to that of Hon. Harry Mills. Hon. Mr. Biggs primarily had the Devartment of Public Works and Highways to look after, while Mr Mills has been resvonsible for the Department of Mines only. The Highways Depart- ment has increased five or six times the amount of work connected with it since Hon. Mr Biggs took it over and the Premier thought it only fair that he — should be relieved of one of his three departments to — give more of his time to the highways. The Depart- — ment of Game and Fisheries will show about $100,000 more of a surplus this year than ever before, it is stated. Calls for cheap fish. Manager Jenkins of the London, Ont. fish market. which was opened during the war to sell fish supplied bv the Ontario Government as a means of supplying — chean food. declares that the Government is now com- mercializing its fish business instead of remembering — that it should use the fish as a regulator of living — eosts. He says that repeatedly the city has tried to — huy fish from the Provineial authorities. but that none could be procured, because it is being sold at the — highest prices obtainable, See 4 _ November, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 243 vA rot o i ss “7 WWE f WLI LALZZ Process of Freezing Fish in France By COLIN McKAY. The Scientific and Technical Bureau of the French Fisheries Department has been carrying on experiments with various methods of freezing and simple refrigera- tion at Lorient, of which the results were recently made public in ‘‘La Peche Maritime.’’ The first freezing process may be briefly described. After being washed in fresh water at a temperature of 0 degrees centigrade (freezing point) the fish are immersed in brine with a salinity of 20 deg. B., and of a temperature of— 17 degrees Centigrade. The duration of immersion is 1 hour for fish under 1 kg. (2.2 lbs.) ; 1% hrs. for fish between 2 and 3 kg.; 2 to 3 hours for fish of more than 3 kg. The fish are then placed in cold storage cham- bers where the temperature is kept at 8 to 12 deg. C. Limits of time before consumption were established varying from 20 to 50 days, according to the kind of fish. For soles and whiting the limit was 22 days; for mackerel, either gutted or whole, 25 days; for hake, gutted, 40 days, and whole 35 days; for haddock, gutted, 37 days, and whole, 30 days. The second process, applied to fish under 5 pounds, involved immersion in a mixture of melting ice and salt, maintaining a surplus of ice and salt so as to pro- duce a temperature of —10 deg. C. After 5 hours im- mersion the fish are placed in cold storage and kept at a temperature of from — 2 deg. to 8 deg. C. The limit of time before consumption is several days less than for fish treated by the first process. The third and fourth processes combinations of the first two. The fifth process, applied to fish over 2 pounds, consists of the first process, and the immersion of the fish in fresh water, which is frozen in blocks, The blocks are then put in cold storage where a temper- ature of —2 deg. to 8 deg. is maintained. In this way some fish were conserved in good condition for 50 days. M. Le Danois, director of the these experiments, comments in effect: The first process is simple, and the labor relatively small; but the cost of maintaining the temperature in the storage chambers at —8 deg. or —10 deg. is considerably. This, of course, applies to France; in cold countries it is different. The cost of salt is an important item, and only a limited quantity of fish can be immersed in the pickle tanks at one time. The second process makes the fish too salty for the taste of some people. The third and fourth process eumulates the disad- vantages of the two preceeding. The fifth process ap- pears to be the best, because the fish, while in cold storage only require a temperature of —4 deg. .— and that means a considerable economy. The disad- vantage is that if the temperature becomes less than -4 deg. C., the salf in the fish is lable, after a time, to rupture the block of ice. Simple Refrigeration. M. Le Danois describes two methods of simple refrigeration tried out at Lorient. In the first, the fish, after being washed, are immersed in sea water, main- tained at a temperature of —2 deg. C. The duration of the immersion is 1 hr. for small fish; 14% hrs. for fish of 1 to 3 kg.; 2 to 3 hr. for fish of over 3 kg. The fish are stored in chambers where the temperature is kept at —1 deg. to —4 deg. C. Limits of time, before consumption for fish so treated varied from 25 to 40 days, gutted or whole. The second process, applied to fish under two pounds, consists of immersion in fresh water at a temperature of 0 deg. or —-1 deg. C. for three or four hours, the fish being laid on movable gratings of wood. After immersion the fish are stored in chambers and kept at a temperature of —1 deg. to —4 deg. C. The limit of consumption is about 20 days. Fish chilled in fresh water decompose more rapidly when taken from cold storage than fish chilled in sea water. What conclusion emerges from a comparison of the methods of congelation and refrigeration; asks M. Le Danois, and answers. The fish frozen by the first pro- cess (the best) is absolutely rigid when taken from the bath, but freezing to the heart is only obtained after prolonged sojourn in very cold chambers. In an estab- lishment which is able to maintain a continuous tem- perature of —8 dg. C., the fish can be conserved from one reason to another. With the first process of refrigeration (also the best) the fish is supple when it leaves the bath, and refrigera- tion is only superficial. It hardens in cold storage. Placed in a chamber, maintaining a temperature of —2 deg. to 4 deg. C., it can be conserved for two months at the most. In a station with limited power, such as that of Lorient, we see that the period of conservation is sensibly the same for congélation as for refrigeration. But we established these propositions: ; 1. With fish of the same species, those of large size, can be conserved longer than the smaller ones. 2. The fish of the same family can be conserved for the same period, 244 3. Fish intended for congelation must be very fresh. 4. Removing the entrails and the head is indispens- able when the fish are over a kilo, these being the starting poirs of infection and the home of germs. It is absolutely false to say that fish thaw out and go bad as soon as they are removed from cold storage, observes M. Le Danois. When thawing fish preparatory to cooking it is advisable to observe the following rules: If the fish is frozen to the heart it should be placed on a board or in a pail, resting on a block of ice, and left exposed in a chamber with a temperature of +-5 deg. to +7 deg. C., or 40 deg. to 45 deg F. It is advisable that the thawing-out be as slow as possible. If there is need of haste, the fish should be put in cold water for ’ CANADIAN FISHERMAN November. 1920, — some hours, but never in tepid water. With refrigerated — fish the same process should be employed. — 2 Thawing in air is always preferable to water, anda small fish should never be plunged in water; the fish — can be cut up without inconvenience before they are — completely thawed. After being thawed out the fish — ean. easily be conserved for 24 hours in a tempera A of +15 deg. C., or 60 F. q When the fish are in cold storage and an accident - oceurs to the refrigerator machinery, the introduction — of a little ice will usually suffice to prevent damage. — And when it may be discovered that the fish are show- — ing signs of decongealing, lowering the temperature — a few degrees below the normal for a short time will” restore them to a proper condition. App The Standardization of Names of Fishes On September 22 and 23 there was held in Ottawa under the chairmanship of Mr. Found, the Assistant Deputy-Minister of Fisheries, a meeting for the select- ion of further standard names for fishes. There were present representatives of the United’ States Bureau of Fisheries, the Biological Board of Canada, and the Canadian Fisheries Association, and latterly also a representative from Newfoundland. In the following cases (not hitherto settled internationally) which came up for consideration, it was agreed to adopt the names that are indicated, and to press for their general use. It is to be noted that the names selected for the five Pacifie species of salmon are substantially those adopt- ed provisionally by resolution of the Convention of the Canadian Fisheries Association at Vancouver in June and published in the June issue’ of the Canadian Fisherman. It had previously been agreed that small flatfishes (Pleuronectidae) in general might be called flounders, Current Names. Sockeye, Saw-Qui Alaska Red, Blueback Salmon Silver, Silversides, Cohoe Medium Red Salmon. Spring, Chinook. Tyee, King, Oneorhyneus tsehwytscha. Royal Chinook Salmon, Quinnat Salmon. Pink, Humpback Salmon, Dog Onearhyneus gorbuseha. Salmon. Chum, Qualla, Keta Salmon, Dog Oncorhyneus keta. Salmon. Sand Dab, Long Rough -Dab Hippoglossoides platessoides. Flonnder, Plaice. Smooth flounder, Eelback. Aretie flounder, Plaice. Great flounder, starry flounder, plaice. Carp Sucker, Lake Carp. Blackhorse, Suckerel. Creek-fish, Chubsucker. Buffalo-fish, Buffalo Winter sucker, spotted sucker. Red-horse, white sucker. Mullet. Carpoides sp. Cycleptus sp. Krimyzon sp. letiobus sp. Minytrema sp. Moxostoma sp, Placopharynx sp. Scientific Name. Oneorhyneus nerka, Oncorhyneus_ kisuteh. Hippoglossoides sp. Liopsetta putnami. Liopssetta glacialis. Platichthys stellatus. and that, whenever distinctive names are used, Liman- _ da ferruginea should be called Dab, and Glrptonso ee By: lus cynoglossus, Witch. It has now been further agreed that when distinguished from flounders in a general, the genera Liopsetta, Platichthys, and Hippo- — : glossoides shall be called Plaice, and that the species — Hippoglossoides platessoides shall be called Canadian — Plaice. It is to be expected that the other plaice will — later be given qualifying names, as for example — —Smooth plaice for Liopsetta, Starry plaice for Plat: ichthys stellatus, ete. The last seven names have been selected for different 7 genera of the family of suckers, the name Sucker itself, having already been adopted for species of the genus — Catostomus. In this family the most important decision — has been that of adopting the name Lake Mullet for species of the genus Moxostoma, large quantities. of. which have been marketed from the lakes of the Sensis: part of the Dominion in recent years. ia Trade Name (or Names) selected. Sockeye or Red salmon with preference for Sockeye. a Cohoe or Medium Red salmon, with a preference for Cohoe. — King or Chinook salmon with preference for King, : Pink Salmon. Chum Salmon. Flounder or Canadian Plaice. Flounder or Plaice. Flounder or Plaice. Flounder or Plaice. Flounder or Plaice. Carpsucker. Blackhorse. Chubsucker, Buffalofish. Spotted Sueker, Lake Mullet, Lake Mullet, November, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 245 Report of Provincial Fisheries — Department for 1919 The Hon. Wm, Sloan, Commissioner of Fisheries, has just issued the report of the Provincial Fisheries Department for the year 1919, which he placed before the Legislature in April last. Its publication has been delayed owing to the press of work in the hands of the King’s Printer. The report and its appendix deals at length with the commercial fisheries of the Province, especially its salmon fisheries, contains reports from the salmon spawning grounds of the leading salmon producing rivers, a valuable contribution on the life- history of the sockeye salmon, a memorandum by Wm. Sloan respecting the salmon fishery regulations and a special paper on the ‘‘Fraser River Salmon Situation —a Reclamation Project’’ by Mr. Babcock, the Commis- sioner’s Assistant. The value of the fishery products of Canada for the year ending December 3lst 1918 totalled $60,250,514, as against $52,312,044 for the preceding year, notwithstanding that the latter was considerably greater than in any preceding year. During 1918 British Columbia contributed fishery products of a total value of $27,282,223, or 48 per cent of the total ‘for the Dominion. As in recent years, B. C. again led all the Provinces of Canada in the value of her fishery products. Her output for 1918 exceeded in value that of Nova Scotia by $12,139,157 and exceed- ed that of all the other Provinces combined by $9,456,- 968,. Salmon products totalled $17,207,245, halibut $5,196,539, herring $1,742,757, and whales $1,382,- 278. In all some twenty species of food fish were marketed besides clams, crabs and oysters. The salmon pack for the year 1919 totalled 1,396,156 eases. It was 223,000 less than in the record year 1918. The total of all grades of salmon on the Fraser River system in B. C. waters in 1919 totalled but 163, 123 eases. The catch of sockeye contributed but 34,- 068 cases or 381-2-2 per cent less than that of the brood year 1915. The catch of sockeye in American waters of the Fraser system gave a pack of but 64,346 cases, as against 87,465 cases in its brood year 1915. The pack of sockeye in the entire Fraser system was but 98,414 cases, as against 178,595 cases in 1915, a decline for that ecyele of over 50 per cent, and, the report stiates, further demonstrates that the runs of sockeye to the Fraser River system are ‘‘perilously near ex- termination’’. The reports from the spawning-beds in 1919 show that there were less sockeye on the beds of the upper - section of the Fraser than in any former year, and that there were a greater number of sockeye in the Harrison-Lilloet lakes section and the lower Fraser than in recent years. Mr. Babeock, who made the inspection of the Fraser, attributes this increase to the work of the hatcheries in 1915. In his report Mr. Babcock reviews conditions in the canyon of the Fra- x ser at Hell’s Gate, and states that the reports that the river’s channel there is still so blocked as to prevent the passage of sockeye to the waters above, and that the sockeye that reached there in 1919 did not get through, is untrue. He says :—All the sockeye that reach- ed there passed through the canyon without more delay than often occured before the slide of 1913. Conditions at Hell’s Gate since 1914, when the channel was cleared, have been and are now as favorable for the passage of all species of salmon as they were previous to the slides of 1913 and 1914.”’ The report deals at length with the halibut fishery and shows that the catch in 919 totalled 19,198,565 lbs., a gain over 1918 of 2,501,565. In commenting on the Canadian-American halibut treaty signed in 1919, and now before the. United States Senate, the report takes exception to the inadequacy of the closed season pro- visions of the treaty. Instead of having a closed sea- son for all fishing for halibut by Canadian or United States vessels, the report advocates that the known halibut banks of the Pacific be divided into six dis- tricts which should be alternately closed for five years, in-such manner that some of the banks would at all times be open to the fisherman. The argument advanced in sustaining this position is based upon the results of the special investigations which were made for the Department by Wm. F. Thompson, report of which was published in the Department Report for 1916. The appendices of the report contain Dr. Gilbert’s sixth contribution of the Life-History of the Sockeye Salmon, which deals with data collected from the sock- eye runs to the Fraser, Skeena, Naas Rivers and Rivers and Smith Inlets. The outstanding feature of his examination of the seales collected from the Fraser in 1919 was the remarkable series that passed in pro- cession during the season. The run of 1919 was pe- culiar in comparison with each of the previous eight years’ runs in the distinctness of these components of the run. Apparently fewer types were represented than has been the case in previous seasons, or if re- presented, then by fewer individuals, which did not confuse the characteristics of the race which was do- minant in that part of the run. Whereas in other years it has been a rare occurrence to find in any period of the run a race unmixed with any other and appearing homogeneous, the impression during 1919 was a succession of such occurrences, in each of which one race strongly predominated, even if not wholly without mixture. Such an apparent paucity of races can only find explanation in the practical extermin- ation of the run to certain tributaries, which even in the depleted condition of the river during the last decade have until now furnished their quota. The suscession of racial forms which appeared in the main run, either in the sea approaches to the river or in the main chan- nel of the latter, are most readily detected by cha- racteristies shown in the central or nuclear area of the seales, which records the growth of fry and finger- ling salmon in fresh water. The growth in the differ- ent lakes differs materially, and the size of the year- 246 CANADIAN lings at migration in the early spring is an index of the favorable or unfavorable conditions under which they have been nourished. The smaller size have at migration smaller scales and these are marked by fewer lines. In the.adult, therefore, the size of the nuclear area and the number of rings which this area contains, serves as a measure of the size of the fingerlings, and thus enables us to sort out the races which have differed in amount of growth during the first year. : Another fact emerges from data collected from the 1919 run. It produced the smallest sockeye of which we have any record on the Fraser. Tn his analysis of the data collected at Rivers Inlet during 1919. Dr, Gilbert finds that the present cond- itions there are fast developing into one of pronounced danger. He shows that the runs have during the past four years dwindled to little more that half their size, and that we are no longer justified in classing the recent poor years with the fluctuations which occured in previous cycles. In commenting on gen- eral conditions at Rivers Inlet Dr. Gilbert states ‘‘Un- less the intensity of the fishing is at onee diminished, unless we decrease the total number of ‘sockeye taken annually from this watershed, we are in danger of repeating there the tragic history of the Fraser River.’’ Copies of the report may be obtained by application to the Hon. Wm. Sloan, Commissioner of Fisheries, SUMMARY OF REMARKS. Mr. Arthur Boutilier, President and General Man- ager of the National Fish Company, Halifax, deliver- ed a very logical and powerful speech at the recent meeting of the Tariff Commission held at Halifax against the Government’s proposed removal of the tariff on the importations of American fish into Can- ada. Mr. Boutilier pointed out that the Government for a number of years past had directed their efforts by express subsidies and by a greati campaign of national advertising to promote the increased consump- tion of fish products by the people of the Dominion of Canada generally. The Government’s efforts have also been supplemented by those of the wholesale fish concerns of Nova Scotia, who had operated to that end and it was on the understanding that no change in the tariff would be made that all the fisherman of Nova Seotia had bought equipment. boats and fishing supplies, sure in their knowledge that they would always be able to obtain a market for their fish. As 90% of the production of the Nova Scotia wholesale firms is for Canadian consumption, the Government’s intention now was to destroy this home market. which they had so largely assisted in developing, by remov- ing the duty. Mr. Boutilier then went on to point out that the geographical situation of Canada and the United States makes Boston, Portland and other fish centres on the American Coast the logieal souree of supply for Montreal and the large Cities of Upper Canada and that this handicap in order to be over- come should be met not by lowering the duty, but rather by increasing it. He pointed out further that if they were going to remove the duty on fresh fish, that before doing so it should be a matter of mutual agreement that the Uy**-4 States in turn would take off the duty on smoked and other varieties of manufactured fish which evists and is in effect against Canadian products going into the United States, He FISHERMAN .retailers. After all, there was no assurance that once November. 1920. urged the Tariff Commission to consider the matter very carefully and to‘compare seriously the advantages. The advantages as they appeared to him were that a few of the larger retailers might get the advantage of buying fish ati a cent or two a pound cheaper than Nova Scotia fish firms could supply the same, but that it would be very doubtful whether the price of same to the consumer would lower in proportion — the reduced buying cost. On the other hand, were not the fishermen of Nova Scotia and their dependents, as well as other industries connected with their success for a livelihood and who number practically 25% of Wee total population of Nova Scotia, a much more import- _ ant factor to be considered in the situation than the immediate advantage accruing to a small number of the American producer had captured the Canadian market, after having dealt a death blow to the Nova Scotian concerns, that the retailer would continue to benefit by lower prices. Rather, in his opinion, it would be that captured and obtained control of _ the market that in the end prices would be higher — than they were now, «EAE ais Prince Edward Island. Nee : q By PAUL. Ta re Smelt gill net fishing, which opened on the 15th. October, proved to be very profitable, as excellent — catches were made the first day: The fish Dasrgs | extra large in size. Unfortunately, the high cost of transportation does not warrant sufficient remunera- tion to fishermen to encourage them to continue fishing, — specially with the price rather low, due to the very fine weather which we are having, “2 eg Oyster fishing has been exceptionally good in Kildare — River ; this being about the only river, west of the Island, where the oyster is to be found. This Kildare — oyster has a fine flavor, but a very brittle shell, making | it difficult for transportation. It is deplorable to note — that some disease which proved fatal to the oyster, — has depleted the world famed Richmond Bay Oyster, — as well as the oysters in Hill’s and Mill Rivers. The © above named rivers and bay were very productive of this excellent bivalve, and their destruction is a serious loss to the fishermen. ee Sod fish were very plentiful on the North shore of the Island, during all last week and the week before. The fish running very much larger in size, this season, than former years. The price, unfortunately, is so low and the cost of fishing gear so high, that few fisher- men avail themselves of the abundanee of the eod-fish, which, at this usual time of year, is near our shore. | Advice from Norway and Sweden indicates a sli raise in price for lobsters, particularly the prime qu lity. Many packers have still the most of the season pack on hand, waiting for a price sufficiently high to warrant, at least, a meet of revenue with expenses. Very few fall herring have been eanght, up to nov in our Gulf waters. Lady (to maid)—‘‘Did you put in fresh water for the goldfish ?”’ Maid—‘‘No, mum, they ain’t drunk up what I gave them yesterday,’’ ae, CANADIAN ity 2 itll : KE r FISHERMAN 247 (in it, "A PACIFIC COAST SECTION “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. for publication. Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes In- We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitabie Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 Mr. JOHN McHUGH RETURNS FROM INSPECTION TOUR OF NORTHERN B. C. FISHERY DISTRICTS. After a mouth’s trip of inspection in Northern B. C., Mr. John McHugh, Resident Engineer of the Dominion Fisheries Dept., returned to Vaneouver the first part of November. During his trip Mr. MeHugh inspected many streams to observe the obstructions, which con- sist mostly of rocks and logs. The steams inspected were mainly on the islands in the vicinity of Prince Rupert. The work in connection with the removal of the obstructions will be undertaken in 1921, and it was with this end in view that Mr. McHugh made the ins- pection at this time. This will enable the department to lay out the next year’s work. He also visited and in- spected the new hatchery at Lakelse, which he found practically finished and a good supply of fine eggs on hand, Mr. McHugh, on his trip of inspection, has with- out doubt, travelled many miles through British Colum- bia over sections that have never been traversed be- fore. He has seen inlets along the coast that from the entrance appear to be nothing but small streams but onee you pass through you find beautiful large sheets of water. Veritable inland lakes of large dimensions. His observations are that the thousands of small streams along the coasts of British Columbia are much more important that has ever been realized. It is the care of these streams which will mean so much to the fishing industry in the future. The fund of knowledge which Mr. McHugh has obtained on his many trips will prove invaluable as time goes on. LAKELSE HATCHERY HAS A GOOD SUPPLY OF SOCKEYE EGGS. Practically 7.500,000 sockeye eggs all in good condi- tion is the result of operations at the Lakelse hatchery this season. With a capacity of 10,000,000 eggs this season’s work at the hatchery is very good taking everything into consideration. _Lakelse hatchery was constructed under adverse con- ditions. With a twelve mile haul over the road from _ Terrace, a station on the G. T. P., the problem of build- _ ing supplies being landed at the site of the hatchery was anything but eneouraging. Labor conditions to say nothing of climatic conditions were added prob- lems, but these obstacles have all been surmounted, and the Lakelse hatchery will be the most modern hatchery in British Columbia when completed. The building of the hatchery has been difficult and expensive owing to conditions above noted, but the effort will without doubt bring ample returns in future years to make up for the outlay of money, and effort. This hatchery will contain everything which will assist in its successful operation, and arrangements are made for retaining ponds to hold the young fry until they are one year old. This is in line with the depart- ments’ idea of doing everything possible to have its hatcheries prove successful in assisting nature in the propagation of the salmon. Mr. James Catt is superintendent of the hatchery and he has a crew of six men to assist him. Lakelse hatchery is on Trout Creek a tributary to the Skeena River, and twelve miles from Terrace a — station on the Grand Trunk Pacifie Ry. LATEST REPORTS FROM HATCHERIES OF B. C. ARE MOST ENCOURAGING. Returns from the various hatcheries throughout the province of British Columbia show that the additional eggs secured over the previous years is way ahead, and all natural spawning beds have been exceptionally well seeded. One of the most noticeable improvements is the Fraser River watershed. The Pemberton hatchery has 25,500,000 eggs, which is way ahead of last year’s egg take. This confirmation of previous estimated reports is most encouraging to those concerned in the industry, and points to conservation getting in its work on both ends both the natural and artificial. Ottawa, Oct. 21—The total pack of sockeye salmon on the Naas River, B.C., for the season of 1920 is 15,- 306 cases, which is about one-half the usual pack of this variety on the Naas. The pack of other varieties on the same river total 63,761 cases, making a grand total pack of 79,117 cases. 248 VISITS OTTAWA ON OFFICIAL BUSINESS. Col. F. H. Cunningham, Chief Inspector of Fisheries, accompanied by Mr. J. A. Motherwell, Asst. Inspector of Fisheries, left for Ottawa on official business the middle of the month. Matters of importance to the salmon and fishing industry of British Columbia will be taken up with the department while they are in Ottawa. THE FISH OIL MARKET. British Columbia fish rendering plants are up against a stagnant market as regards fish oil. The price is low, and buyers do not seem inclined to purchase any quan- tity. The result is that the producer is compelled to hold what he has on hand or sell at practically a loss. This is not at all encouraging for the development of this branch of the industry, and some method of mar- keting should be planned which would enable those who are attempting to develop it to do so at a minimum of risk. CIVIL SERVICE HITS FISHERY DEPARTMENT. That the ruling of the civil service commission is causing a feeling of unrest and dissatisfaction in the Department of Fisheries is quite evident. The Geolo- gical Survey was without doubt the hardest hit of all the departments but the Fisheries Department is also beginning to feel the effects also, and there should be some way out of the unbusinesslike method of adjust- ing salaries of trusted and capable employes in these departments. Under present conditions there is no ineentive for any employee to plan on the Fisheries Department as a department in which to give his best effort. There is nothing ahead, and in some instances inferior positions will pay more than positions above. The writer knows of one instance where-a man with exceptional capabilities was offered a position which would allow of his developing a certain branch of the department to the highest degree of usefulness, but the salary was no better than that which he was already receiving and he would have the additional responsibil- ities of the new position, Some way out of this muddle should be discovered as the several government departments are going back- ward instead of forward when such conditions are fostered. NEW CARRIER FOR ALASKA RUN IS PLACED IN OPERATION BY NEW ENGLAND FISH CO. Beginning Nov. 3rd the New England Fish Co. in- augurated an all the year round freight service between Vaneouver and Alaska, when their new carrier the “WASHINGTON” left Vancouver for the North. Recently purchased by the Company in Seattle, the Washington will be operated under United States Registry on the North run carrying fish South and freight North to the fishing stations in Alaska. Built in 1914 at Dockton, Washington, the Washing- ton which is a wooden vessel, was formerly used as a passenger steamer on Puget Sound. Her owner died and the vessel was purchased by the Union Steamship Company, of Vancouver, and she was brought here and laid up for two years. Finally her machinery was CANADIAN FISHERMAN November. 1920. taken out of her and put in the Union Company’s new steamer Capilano. Captain Judy, of Seattle, bought the hull and took it over to Seattle, placed semi-diesel engines in it, also transformed the vessel into a freight carrier. The hull is in first class shape and just the carrier for the service for which she is to be used. The Washington’s measurements are: Length, 135 ft. overall; beam, 26 ft.; depth, 16 ft. Capacity about to 300 tons. Powered with a C. O. Fairbanks semi-deisel engine. Hoist engine, Fairbanks auxiliary. eae Crew of eight men, including captain. 7 Accommodation for a larger crew if necessary. Cabins are all steam heated, and modern in every respect. ; Capt. Jennings, one of the most experienced Alaskan Skippers will command the Washington. Capt. Jen- nings was former Captain of the steamer Dora which carried the mails from Valdez to Aleutian Island ports. i+ i SALMON FISHING SEASON OVER. The salmon fishing season is over. The results cannot be grouped into one average as they varied so in the different districts. In the Rivers Inlet district there were very good results for the fishermen and canneries, as the sockeye run was something out of the ordinary. The fish were larger than usual and the run far ex- ceeded expectations. 4 Farther North the season was much shorter tha usual as most of the canneries did not attempt to put up the quantity of pinks that they usually pack, and practically no chums were packed in the Northern part of the province. On the Fraser River the run of sockeyes was larger = than for some years and the fisherman made good money as the price of the fish went as high as $1.00 per fish. At this price the canner did not have much — chance to clean up a profit even at $20.00 per case. On the other hand the market for chums and pinks was not as large as usual and the result was the fisherman did not get very high prices for what he did sell. Very few chums were packed and neither were there many — : frozen. The U.S. buyers were noticeable by their ab- sence this season. On the West Coast of Vancouver Island the season was not a profitable one to the fishermen as far as large profits’ go. There were no U. S. buyers for the fall salmon although they were there early in the year and boosted or helped to boost the price of spring salmon, — and the trollers made good money on what spring salmon they caught this year, but the amount of fish — caught was not up to 1919. The weather was bada good part of the time which prevented the fishermen Taking it all in all it has beena — very uncertain year all through and it is to be hoped _ that conditions may be more settled and regulations all — getting in full time. made long before the fishing season opens in 1921, DECEMBER. Beginning Noy, 9th, the Fraser River will be closed _ : This ruling is in — accordance with the order in council enacted in 1917, — to salmon fishing until Dee. 31st. and during this period no salmon nets may be placed — in the river for fishing. : Crt 4 Spe oh} . cE aids Sey _ pO er : —— ae oh ta FRASER RIVER CLOSED FOR NOVEMBER AND — a November, 1920. CANADIAN MISSING MEN FROM WRECKED “JAMES CAR- ' RUTHERS” ARRIVE SAFE AND SOUND. The American halibut schooner ‘‘Idaho’’ arrived in Prince Rupert on Oct. 16th with the four missing mem-. bers of the crew of the steamer ‘‘James Carruthers,” - whieh was sunk thirty miles from Prince Rupert in a eollision with the U. S. S. Surveyor. The men were _ Alex. Murray, George Anderson, James Mansfield, and Cathen Kerr. Their first enquiry when rescued was for the rest of the members of the crew. These four _ Jeft the steamer in a dory which stood the terrific seas wonderfully well. They were all in good physical con- _ dition, and their many friends were greatly relieved to hear of their safe arrival sound and well. _ TRAWLER “JAMES CARRUTHERS’’ WILL NOT 4 BE A TOTAL LOSS. The Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co., Ltd., have had a gang at work on the wreck of their boat the _ **James Carruthers,’’? and it has been found that the __ vessel can be floated. The ‘‘James Carruthers’’ was sunk thirty miles from Prince Rupert in a collision with _ the ‘‘U. S. S. Surveyor,’’ and it was thought at first that the Carruthers would be a total loss, but now work has progressed so rapidly on the vessel that it is ex- pected she will be in Prince Rupert and on the ways at an early date. _ LARGE SHIPMENTS OF CANNED SALMON FOR y THE U. K. AND EUROPE. _ During the last part of October approximately 60,- 000 cases of canned salmon left Vancouver on different _ steamers for London, Hamburg and Rotterdam. Just _ before the coal strike was talked of in Great Britain there were some heavy shipments of canned salmon to _ the U. K. and Europe. On Oct. 22 and 23 the following _ shipments went forward: The steamer Kinderdijik of _ the Holland Amerika Line loaded 12,000 cases for Lon- don and Rotterdam. The Harrison Direct Line steamer -“Orani’’ came to Vancouver to load 21,000 cases for London, Hamburg and Rotterdam. Had there been no talk of the coal strike taking effect there would have _ been more canned salmon going forward, and just as _ soon as matters are in a more settled condition in the U.K. there will be a heavy out go of canned salmon to the U. K. and Europe. SALT FISH FROM THE EAST ARRIVES IN _* VANCOUVER. The first car of salt fish from the East to arrive in _ Vancouver since last Christmas reached the city Nov. 4th. The car contained herring, mackerel, dry salted ' whole cod and boneless cod in bricks. There was a _ keen demand for the fish, and the car was disposed of in a short time. FRESH HALIBUT PRICES CLIMBING ON PACIFIC COAST. During the past six weeks, there has been a steady _ inerease in the price of halibut, and during the week a beginning Nov. 8 th eprice at Prince Rupert reached 14e for chickens and 23e¢ per |b. for medium, while _ Seattle prices were within a cent’a pound of this price. _ Vaneouver only received a few small catches. _. Searcity of fish, owing to bad weather was the prin- peel factor in this rise in price. . ‘for the Japanese and Chinese markets. FISHERMAN 249 LARGE PACK AND DRY SALT CHUM SALMON. For the first time in several years there has been a large pack of dry salt chum salmon put up this’season Only when these fish are obtainable at low prices are the Oriental packs at all large. This season very few of this variety were canned or frozen. In fact not as many were caught as usual owing to the extremely wet weather, which permitted to fish to get to the spawning grounds with much more safety than usual as the waters of the rivers and creeks were abnormally high. There is no estimate as to the quantity as yet although figures will be available soon now that the season is about over. THE ORIENTAL SALT HERRING PACK, IN BRITISH COLUMBIA. With probably one of the best graded packs of dry salt herring ever packed in British Columbia, and pra- tically all a white man’s pack the producers are faced with an uncertain market. This is accounted for in several ways but probably the most reasonable expla- nation is that the buyers of the dry salt herring in the Orient have been mis-lead as to the actual amount really packed so far this season and what is likely to be the actual amount packed, for the entire season. ‘It has been reported that as high as 50,000 tons would be the pack for the season, but this amount is alte- gether too high, and a more reasonable amount would place it at approximately 25,000 tons. Last season there was somewhat of a scarce thrown into the skippers by the drop in prices and trouble in securing acceptances after arrival at Shanghai near the end of the season. For this reason alone the pack this season will be less than last. There is a strong endeavor to control the dry salt herring pack both as to quality and stability of price. Much money has been lost in past years by the careless methods used in packing and by packing fish that should never had been packed, especially late in the season. The tendency is to use a chop mark, and build up a trade on the strength of quality. This can be done, and if the producers will work together along the right lines this branch of the fishing indus- try on the Pacifie Coast may be one that will give rich returns. The right kind of methods in marketing the fish is another matter that should receive careful at- tention. In past seasons, there have been altogether too many profits divided before the fish reached the consumer. The producers should get as close to the consumer as proper distribution facilities will allow. Two or three handlings of the fish before they reach the Orient is not business. There is too much of the speculative element entering into the transaction to help build up a strong branch of the industry. With- out doubt the new white firms that are now producing the packs will see that this element which has held sway in the past is dispensed with in the future. It is for their own good that it should be done away with. Direct representation in China will enable them to secure the proper contracts and assure proper hand- ling of their interests at that end. It is well known that onee the Chinese firms know they will be given a square deal that they will do business for all time with the same firm. ‘ Now as to the conditions as they are at present. Without doubt the very fact that so many have had a finger in the endeavor to handle some of the dry salt pack this season accounts for the uncertainty in the 250 buyers minds as to the real conditions.. It is well known that one lot of this seasons pack passed through two hands other than the producers before they were shipped, and each’ one made a profit. It would be much better to make a fair profit for the producer and eut out the speculative element with the idea of giving the buyer a square deal and stabilizing the market for all time than to have an uncertain market before they pack it up. Devise some method that will assure the buyer of a fair estimate of the amount of the pack, make a proper price, and it will be a long step toward the making of a sure market for the Oriental pack of dry salt herring. A COMPARISON OF FREIGHT RATES. The rate for the transportation of dry salt herring from Barclay Sound, on the West Cost of Vancouver Island, by steamer, to Vancouver is $5.00 per ton. This would consist of 4 boxes of herring approximately 2,000 Ibs. The rate from Vancouver to the Orient is $10.00 per ton, and this consists of 5 boxes of dry salt herring, as this is figured on a measured ton. Taking the distance into consideration and the extra 500 pounds carried, the question that is bothering the ship- pers of this commodity is: ‘‘Why is there such a dis- erepancy in the rates?’’ The question of rates from the West Coast of Vancouver Island has been a live one for some time past, and this latest development is of interest to all concerned. It may mean the load- ing of the entire pack on the Oriental bound steamer at Barelay Sound. : THE CANNED SALMON MARKET. Just now it is between seasons, and with conditions as they are no one is inclined to quote any prices. The buyers are not. anxious and the sellers are waiting. In- dieations are that the supply of pinks that have been on the European market and in the U. K. during the past year or two are pretty well cleaned up. There is little doubt that this being the case shipments of this variety will be pretty regular just as soon as there is a surety of settled conditions in transportation in the U. K. As noted in another item about 60,000 cases of canned salmon left Vancouver for London, Rotterdam and Antwerp during October, and other shipments will probably follow as soon as there is steamer space available. There is not that feeling of discouragement manifested among the packers that one would expect, as they seem to have the idea that they can wait and will wait until matters adjust themselves, which is ex- pected to take place around about the beginning of the year. As a matter of fact this season of the year is nearly always quiet. CANNED HERRING AND PILCHARDS. Canned herring are being quoted at $6.00 per case, and pilehards at $5.50 per ease. It is impossible to give an aceurate estimate of the herring pack, but there are estimated to be 100,000 cases of pilchards packed. There is a regular call for both of these va- rieties, and although the movement is not heavy just now there is something doing. CRAB CANNERIES STARTING UP IN B. C. It is praetieally certain that there will be at least two crab canneries in operation in Northern British Columbia before the end of the year. The fisherman will have more to report on this later. CANADIAN FISHERMAN “cannery on Barclay Sound the Gosse-Millard Packing - : November. 1920. GOSSE-MILLARD PACKING CO. SELL BAIT TO THE WEST COAST FISHERMEN. _ With a clearing officer stationed at their San Mateo Co., Ltd. were able to supply the American halibut fishermen with ice and bait during the past season. The _ ice making plant is capable of taking care of all re- quirements and by next season they will have facilities - to handle more frozen fish if necessary. They also have a well equipped store at the cannery. esas i ane VANCOUVER WHOLESALE MARKET. ~ Local cod has been bring 10e per Ib. and a fairly good supply. I a eine aa Local Soles are selling at 10¢ and a fair supply. Smelt are off the market. Sa ae ae Herring have been arriving irregularly, and what have come in brought about 5e per lb. Mostly Pender Harbor Stock. Bere eh Fresh Salmon is off for this season. © Rise » jet SHELL FISH MARKET IN VANCOUVER. __ Crabs are plentiful but with an unusual demand, the market is kept clear of any left over. ee are in good supply and are bringing 2le per lb. Sh eae Clams are selling at 414e. per lb. To HIGH FREIGHT RATES DRIVE SHIPPERS WATER TRANSPORTATION. ates The. mines of British Columbia are shipping ore New York by water, which formerly went by rail. High rail rates did it. Canned salmon are being shipped steamer in large quantities than ever. Part of thi due to a great saving in rates. Bake Carey 2) 4% CONFERENCE AT BELLEVILLE. A conference of representatives of the three Govern- ments engaged in fish cultural work on Lake Ontario was held at Belleville, Ontario, on October 21st, for the purpose of coming to an understanding as to the conditions under which each Government should oper- ate to avoid friction of any kind and overlapping of the three services. ge Tie The Dominion Government was represented by Mr. Rodd, Superintendent of Fish Culture and Mr, A. Fin- layson, Inspector of Hatcheries; the Ontario Depa ment of Game and Fisheries by Mr. D. MeDong Deputy Minister, and Mr. A. W. MeLeod, Provineis Inspector of Hatcheries; and the United States servic by Mr. J. P. Synder, Superintendent of the Os Vincent Hatchery. : Satisfactory arrangements were completed for th definition of operating areas, and it was agreed that— last year prices for eggs would be paid, viz:—50 cents — a quart for eggs collected by the fishermen, and 40 — cents a quart for eggs collected by the Government employees. ee While in the district Mr. MeDonald accompanied by Messrs. Rodd and Finlayson examined the waters of the Moira river which were found to be seriousl polluted. The condition was most serious from a hatehery point of view, Z _ November, 1920. CANADIAN and that no provincial government could pass such law, as the Dominion Government alone had jurisdic- tion, if there was jurisdiction anywhere, to deprive the Indians of this right; that the Dominion Government had never taken any right in land from the Indian without his consent and surrender, and it had never taken away any right the Indian had to the water, even by a surrender or otherwise, and never would, as it provided one of the most essential things of their liveli- hood. Besides, these Indians as riparian owners under the Common Law, had the right to fish in waters ad- joining their lands, and the attempt of the Ontario Government to apply the general fish and game laws to Indians, to whom the grant has been made giving them the right, would be in derogation of its own grant, which would not be allowed. E Many documents and authorities were cited by Mr. Porter in support of his argument. , _ Messrs. M. Wright and Wm. Carnew argued the case ; for the defendants, contending that whilst not contest- ing the original right of the Indian to fish as was claimed, yet that the Fisheries Act and regulations _ thereunder, which had the same force as statutory legis- lation; that the Indian, although not specifically men- ___ tioned in such law and regulations, was subject to the same observation of them and were liable to the same __ penalties as the white man, and as the act of the plain- tiff was such as would render a white man subject to the provisions as to confiscation in the case of unlaw- _ __ ful fishing, so the plaintiff, too, was so liable, citing the statute and regulations. Complimented Counsel. Mr. Justice Riddell, at the conclusion of the argu- ment, complimented all the counsel for the able and ex- _ haustive arguments they had presented and said that _ the questions involved were of such great and far- reaching consequence that he anticipated it would take considerable time to read and consider the documents in the archives and the cases already decided on some- what analogous questions by the courts. It was too im- portant a matter to deal with hastily and he could not promise when judgment would be given. NAPTHALENE—A NEW FUEL FOR MOTORS. While the number of motor boats employed in the fisheries of France are increasing, their introduc- _ tion is retarded by the high price of gasolene, and the fact that the natural conservation of the fishermen has been re-inforeed by a prejudice arising from several disastrous fires in motor boats. The fires appear to pave been due in motor boats to careless- ness or lack of experience. But the situation is such that the engineers have _ been experimenting in an endeavor to develop a motor oil less inflammable and more economical, and _ a8 France became a large producer of naptha during the war for the manufacture of explosives, the pos- _ sibilites of naphtalene are being tried out. A by-pro- _ duet of coal tar napthalene is nearly solid at ardin- ary temperatures; submitted to a process of com- ression and chemical treatment it employs and can be used in the ordinary motor engine, provided it is t in operation. If the motor is stopped the naptha solidifies in the cylinders and chokes the engine. By treating the naptha to a bath of sulphuric acid and soda, and then of clean water, this difficulty is _ largely overcome; in this purified form the naptia- FISHERMAN 251 lene mixes with air in proper proportions and ignition is satisfactory. But the best results have been obtained by mixing the naphtalene with light oils in the pro- portion of 75 to 25 per cent. In this form there is no choking of the engine when stopped. One of the advantages claimed for this composi- tion is that with the orflinary motor engine the ex- pense of operation is reduced to 5 cents per horse power hour. The employment of naptha also re- duces the risk of fire. Even in the liquid state it is not readily inflammable, and if it does catch fire the application of water will readily extinguish the flames. Of course light inflammable oils must also be carried, but the quantity is greatly reduced, and the light oils can be cut off from the engine when it is running steadily. Some manufacturers are now build- ing attachments for motor engines which enable petrol, benzine, or naphtalene to be used at will. A quality of naphtalene is that it possesses a uniform chemical composition, and a motor functioning on this source of power gives uniform results. OFFICE IN ENGLAND. The readers of the ‘‘Canadian Fisherman ’’ will be interested in the announcement in another column of our opening an English office early in January. Mr. C. H. Armstrong, who will be in charge, invites corres- pondance from advertisers or subscribers who are anxious to make connections as representatives of firms in the United Kingdom. Bulletin Issued by Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, At the request of the Fisheries Department a sand bar on the north side of the harbour at Margaree, Nova Seotia, has been removed by the Public Works Depart- ment, with a view to assisting the local fisherman in the handling of their fishing boats there. The salmon fishery of the Miramichi river, New Brunswick, is in excellent condition, states an official of the Fisheries Department. This is evidenced by the fact that during the current season a splendid eateh has been made there in nets operated for hatchery purposes. From September 13th to 29th, inclusive, or during a period of seventeen days, 4,447 parent salmon, and a large number of grilse were taken in 10 nets. These parent salmon are for the Miramichi retaining pond. This pond supplies the bulk of the salmon eggs that are incubated in the hatcheries in the Maritime provinces. Stripping operations are now under way, the first eggs having been secured on October 16th. The amount of fish landed during the month of September on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada was appreciably lower than the amount landed in the corresponding month in 1919, and there was a heavy slump in the value. In September of this year, 1,157,870 ewt. of sea fish were landed, while in Sept- ember of 1919 the catch amounted to 1,429,160 ewt. The value of the catch at the point of landing was $3,581,567 this September, as compared with $6,113,723 last year. The deerease in quantity landed and in the value is attributed to the falling off of 108,000 ewt. in the aggregate catch of cod, haddock, hake and_ pollock, and of 145,000 ewts. in the salmon eateh. 52 CANADIAN FISHERMAN November. 1920. Ss Fishing Rights of Indians Important Constitutional Case Argued in Ottawa recently. ee SS eee At a special sittings of the Supreme Court of Onta- rio held in Ottawa last August and presided over by the Hon. Mr. Justice Riddel, an important constitu- tional case was heard having great general interest, inasmuch as it was instituted by the Mohawk Indians of the Tyendinaga Reservation to establish their ori- ginal rights of fishing on their reservation and in the waters of Bay of Quinte adjoining, without license, and which involves the right of all indians in Canada to fish in waters contiguous to their reservations without being subject to paying a license fee and taking out licenses from the provincial government for so doing. The case as presented by E. Guss Porter, K.C., for the Indians, disclosed that the plaintiff, Eliza Sero, is an Indian woman of the Mohawk band of Indians, oc- cupying certain lands in the Tyendinaga Indian Re- serve, bordering on the Bay of uinte, and as such In dian woman drew bounty money from the Dominion Government from the consolidated fund held by it for the benefit of the Six Nation Indians, of which the Mohawk band is one. In November, 1919, Gault and Fleming, two fishery overseers, appointed by the provincial government of Ontario, and acting upon its instruction, went to Mrs. Sero’s place upon the reservation and seized her nets and fishing apparatus and confiscated them, their value being something like $700. Imprisoned at Belleville. Mrs. Sero was prosecuted before Police Magistrate Bedford of Deseronto for illegally fishing, contrary to the fish and game laws. She was fined by the Police Magistrate and in default of immediately paying the fine was imprisoned in Belleville gaol. Mrs. Sero’s counsel, Mr. Porter, took an appeal against her conviction, and before it was heard the On- tario Government abandoned the conviction, ordered her release from gaol and restoration of her property, but her property seized was not in fact given back to her. Mrs. Sero then brought this action against the two officers of the government to recover the value of her property and to establish her right to fish without a license or paying a license fee. Trial Judge Died. The case was tried before the late Sir Glenholme Fal- conbridge, Chief Justice of the King’s Bench, but be- fore the case was argued or judgment:-given he died and by consent, Mr, Justice Riddell was appointed to determine the case; and he appointed Ottawa as the place for hearing argument in order that he might have access to the public archives, many ancient doeu- ments, proclamations, treaties, etc., therein having to be consulted, considered and construed. Mr. Porter, on behalf of the plaintiff presented a most elaborate argument, showing careful preparation and for which he must have brought to his help many musty, if not forgotten, documents of the constitutional history of Canada, and showing exhaustive research in his efforts to establish the rights of his Indian client. Incidentally he mentioned the fact that his client was backed by the whole of the Six Nations Indians. Mr. Porter’s main contentions were that the Indians, being the original possessers of the land as well as the waters of Canada, were never a conquered people like the French, but were always treated as allies of the British Crown, and while a conquered people might have im- posed upon them any laws their conquerors saw fit to impose and also forfeited their territorial and posses- sory rights, yet the Indian as an ally was not so sub- ject, but only to such laws as they assented to by treaty, or otherwise. The British Crown has in regard’ to, the Indian always recognized this distinction, and while the French at the conquest of Canada and the Treaty of Paris following that event forfeited their rights, by the treaty itself and the proclamation of Great Britain following the treaty, the possessory rights of the In- dians were preserved — and so through all the legisla- tion creating the province of Quebec, the separation of that province into Upper and Lower Canada, and in the Act of Reunion of the two provinees as the Proyince of Canada, and finally the Confederation under the Brit- ish North America Act, the rights of possession by the Indians were reasserted and declared, and by the B. N. A. Act as a final effort to protect such possessory and other rights of the Indians it was declared that ex- clusive jurisdiction over the Indians and their affairs was vested in the Dominion Government, thus securing them against provincial interference. Under these con- ditions, and when Canada was divided into Upper and Lower Canada in 1798, the deed of the Mohawk Re- serve, known as the Simcoe Deed, was granted to the Mohawk band of Indians, and in that deed, and follow- the principle of the Crown theretofore declared, it was expressly stated that ‘‘Our faithful allies’? (the In- dians) should ‘‘hold, use and enjoy the territory free and clear from any fees, dues, exactions, ete., and ae- cording to their ancient uses and ecustoms’’ (one of which would be fishing). INDIAN RIGHTS PRESERVED. Mr. Porter declared that there had never been any legislation taking away this ancient use and custom ee ae el ee | | CAN MYLAN My first impression after-being at the Bonnieville , Hatchery for a short while, aside from. the pleasing qualities of the natural surroundings of the plaee, was _ the business like atmosphere and the apparent know- Pledger of the men o° jnst what thev were doing While apparently they were quite familiar -with all theoretical ideas, they also’ seemed to recognize that a good deal of the money being spent was being spent from public fan taxes. and by ecer- tain amounts contributed by people in the business, and that in spending this money they were not only expected to show theoretical results but also practical results, as a practical return on the money was what would appeal to the men in the business rather than the theoretical success. ls raised by The operatives of the Bonnieville Hatchery apparent- ' ly know they are succeeding and are ptishing their ' suceess along the lines that show results, Similarly to any su¢cessful business, they know their _ operations ¢an probably be improved, and because they are a success, they are not letting up in their efforts, but are apparently putting forth more effort every- where so as to increase successful results. They are apparently quite familiar with all the theories that have been tried out, and as these theories have never given any apparent suce ss they have discarded them ' after trying them. and kept on working ont new ones until they have brought about the present sue cess on the Columbia River. : The feeding ponds and the basis that they are - operated on, is beyond anything that I had anticipated. While I knew they were making considerable headway, and while I was especially impressed by the talk of the head of this Hatchery, Mr. Clanton, at the Can- adian Fisheries Association Convention, what they are doing is on a much more suecessful seale than I had expected. What particularly appealed to me, and I suppose it Was because my mind runs more to practical results than to theories, was the organization and the results it has shown. Making allowance for a favorable season | for the grade of fish which they produce, the catch ’ this year in their locality was nothing short of a “wonder. They have brought the Oregon pack back | to the point where it was greater than its best year, ' and they speak of and expect to produce much greater packs than fhis year. T think that! the main cause of their success is the OQ \\ Sg \\\\ WH Wi YA PFISTER IM AN 2538 WYZZ ty Vfgig BONNIEVILLE HATCHERY Impressions of Mr. F. E. Burke, of Vancouver, B. C., vice-president of Canadian Fisheries Asso- ciation after a visit to Bonnieville, Oregon, U. S. A. fact that they are free of politics, and that the opera- tions ol these hatcheries are under practical men in the industry. who understand the business and who primarily want practical results from the operations. The Fish & Game Commission of Oregon who operate these hatcheries. rece ve financial help from the men interested in the industry. This is as it should be, and I think that there would be no trouble at all in securing funds from operators in the industry, if they knew they were going to have something to say about the expenditure of the funds, and know that practieal men would be in charge of these expenditures who would consider their views. It is true that the Oregon Fish & Game Commission - has very competent heads in Mr. Warren and Mr. Clan- ton, but I think that with the proper financial en- couragement men similar to Mr. Clanton could be developed. As far as applying the conditions governing at Bonnieville to the British Columbia hatcheries, I be- lieve that'this could be done. While it might be rather difficult to get supplies. ete.. back to the headquart- ers of some of the Sockeye Rivers and to the head- quarters of the Fraser, at the same time there are sufficient localities where we have had hatcheries: est- ablished, and in points where we have had not hatch- tries established, where natural feeding ponds could be developed and arrangements made for the food necess- ary to feed and retain fish. The area required for ponds is not large, and the fact that the retaining pond sys- tem tends to the maturing of a big percentage of the fish hatched instead of hatehing enormous quantities and figuring on a minimum return, makes the feeding pond system a very attractive proposition, The feeding pond, either natural or artificial, could not give any worse results on the Fraser than obtained there at the present time, and even though it produces fish that it takes longer to mature and return. claimed by some, these fish, from the reports of the Columbia, are much larger fish, and this would offset the delay in return. as is [ firmly believe that the Fisheries of Puget Sound and British Columbia would benefit immensely if the feeding pond system was emploved, and that sufficient fish could be produced out of the eggs hatched to in- erease the pack enormously, and to allow it to-go on increasing rather than decreasing to a minimum as now prevails. 254 CANADIAN FISHERMAN November. 1920. SOME OF THE WORKERS AT ST. ANDREWS BIOLOGICAL STATION.—SEASON 1920. Back row, left to right. Dr. L. Gross, McGill University; Miss B. K. Mossop, Western University, London; Miss Prince, Miss J. MeFar- lane, Toronto University ; Second row, left to right: Miss E. Shanly, McGill University; Prof. E. E. Prince, Dominion Commissioner of Fisheries; Prof. A. Vachon, Laval University. Front row, left to rigLt: Dr, C. J. Connolly, St. Francois-Xavier College, Antigonish; Dr. J. W Mavor, Union College, Schenectady; Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Toronto University, Curator of the Station. SEA WEED AS A HORSE FEED. An interesting communication has been made to the Academy of Sciences of France on the use of seaweed as fodder for horses. Investigation has es- tablished that seaweed has its seasons like grass. Dur- ing the summer the seaweed changes itself with hydrate of carbon, comparable with starch, and when gathered in the autumn, and treated for the reduction of salts and the conservation of sugar properties, exhibits a chemical combination sensibly the same as grains. Two truck horses employed at hard work were fed about 8 pounds of seaweed each per day, their only other fodder being hay and _ straw. At the end of two months the horses fed on seaweed appeared in as good condition as horses fed on 8 pounds of oats, doing similar work; and when both pair of horses were put to a prolonged and arduous test they showed no appreciable difference in staying qualities. Accordingly, the French savants claim that it is possible to substitute seaweed, properly treated, for oats as food for working horses, but information as to relative costs has not been offered. 4,6 & 8 SINGLE CYLINDER EQUIPPED WITH WATERPROOF IGNITERS Absolutely. Dependable OUTBOARD MOTORS in 6 Models Catalogues on request PERFECTION MOTOR CO. No Battery or Coil Troubles Canadian Distributors CAILLE PERFECTIONMOTORS 380 St. James Street MONTREAL : q ‘ 7 November, 1920. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 81 SDominion Brand’ ~ Sea Foods Boneless Codfish Canned Codfish Canned Salmon Canned Mackerel Canned Lobsters Dry and Pickled Fish Fat Cape Breton Mackerel Dominion Fisheries, Limited Producers and Exporters Cook’s Wharf :: HALIFAX, N.S. SUPER-DIAMOND TROLLING SPOON Catch the Fish When a fisherman buys a spoon he wants the following: RIGHT ACTION IN THE WATER HOOKS, RINGS & SWIVELS of HIGHEST QUALITY A SPOON WITH A HIGH POLISH All these features are embodied in the SUPER - DIAMOND SPOON The entire spoon if built to catch and hold the mightiest salmon on the Pacific Coast. . The Super Diamond Spoon has suc- cessfully passed the experimental stage. Hundreds of fisherman used it during the 1920 fishing season, and its popu- larity is increasing daily. Super- Diamond Spoons are made in three finishes only, Brass, Silver & Copper. Willard Hume & Co., Limited Mercantile Bldg., 318 Homer St., VANCOUVER, B.C. DISTRIBUTORS FOR BRITISH COLUMBIA EXTENDED — Service To Our Advertisers. Realizing the Development which is bound to take place in trade between Canada and the United Kingdom, the Industrial & Educational Publishing Co., Limited will open its own office in Eng- land early in January. Mr. C. H. Armstrong, Jr., who will be in charge, has in- vestigated trade conditions in Canada from coast to coast. Any advertiser or subscrib- er who is anxious to make connections as a represent- ative ‘of firms in the United Kingdom, is invited to com- municate with Mr.Armstrong, Canadian Fisherman Garden- vale, P.Q. Bind This Service will be Entirely Without Charge. 82 CANADIAN FISHERMAN . November. 1920, FISH TRAPS AND EQUIPMENT FOR SALE At attractive prices we are preparing to dispose of some excellent trap sites and a con- siderable quantity of Trap Gear suitable for floating or stub traps, including the following items: Anchors Leaders Cables Wings Buoys ‘Traps Weights Twine Pounds Working Boats also Steamers suitable for tending traps and auxiliary equipment. All in good condition and ready for service. Fishing Companies or Fishermen interested in the purchase of the above equipment either as a whole or in part should communicate at once with DEPARTMENT ‘S”’ The Atlantic Coast Fisheries Compuay: Inc. 137 Beekman Street, - - NEW YORK CITY ~~ — WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY © WHEN PLACED ON \LONG COATS Vv and { ‘\SLICKERS “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots “Takes The Wet Out of Water.” BE PREPARED. for fishermen’s needs by carrying Tower's famous Fish Brand Long * ind Slickers THEY ARE THE Goons. ALSO MAKERS OF THE LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the! eading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers, Reasonable prices—-Good profits, Write for particular Known from Coast to Coast TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- For Sale by All Dealers THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. ated a ee peter LIMITED. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND eee ce TORONTO. ra we SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street = Birmingham, Eng. ‘ Coe ee ae ee, ee aE ne ee eee Lee eee ee nT ree CANADIAN FISHERMAN Salmon C C| Sardine © A A | Lobster N N S S abate Herring | Etc. Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD., VANCOUVER, B.C. Hamilton, Ont. Montreal, Quebec. CANADIAN EXPORTERS: OF ALL KINDS OF KFiSH SHOULD ADVERTISE IN AND SUBSCRIBE TO tHe PISH--TRADES: GAZE FTE ce OST ae ae 26/- including postage 6 abeg os eu eet ger 13/- sn es 3 ON GSE a 6/6 Advertisement Rates on Application CIRCULATES WIDELY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD Head Office:—Peninsular House, Monument St. LONDON, ENGLAND —— 84 CANADIAN FISHERMAN ao THE OLD RELIABLE MINARD’S |e Fisherman s Best Friend LINIMENT YARMOUTH. Nova Scotia Is Part of the Ship’s Stores Yarmouth Trading Company, Limited DRY AND PICKLED Flot Fish for Export a Specialty YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA Young Hopeful—Pa, teacher said to-day, that eating fish makes brains. Fond Parent—Yes, but beef eating makes fighters. Young Hopeful—To fight, one must have brains!!! Did you ever eat any of our Canned Mackerel? The Best Deep Sea Food on the market. Write to F. J. BUOTE, Tignish, P.E.1.. for price on case lots of the celebrated Silver Fox Brand Canned Mackerel It is steadily going up in price. MARINE OPTICIANS Compasses, Sextants, Octants, Sounding Machines, Logs, Telescopes, Chronometers, Nautical Books, Charts, Drawing Sets, Ship’s Clocks, Watches HALIFAX NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT CO., Ltd. Cc. G. SCHULZE, Manager 11 George Street, - HALIFAX, Canada WE ARE BUYING High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring Herring in Tomato Sauce Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams. Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer Send Samples. VHAY FISHERIES CO. Detroit, - Mich. C.O. Julian & Co. “iiss Producers and Wholesale Distributors 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia SALT Dry for Salt Criental Herring Export W. A. WARD & CO., Ltd. VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, U.S.A. EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, your port, on the following grades of salmon MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es- pecially CHUMS. Cable ‘“‘GENERAL” in the following codes: Bentley, Western Union 5 letter, A. B. C. 5th edition. Phone Intervale 720 Rosenberg PHENIX PACKING ‘CO 837 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New Seri We buy WHITE FISH ‘and CISCOE ROE STURGEON CAVIAR any quantity Best Market Prices. (For reference Cosmopolitan Bank of the Bronx, N.Y.) Office Phone: Sey 9443 LE AGENT FO T. HALLIDAY NAVAL ARCHITECT (First Class Honors Medallist) 706 Credit Foncier Building VANCOUVER, B.C. ———_——— —————- So R LAMINATED WOOD SHIPS JACOBSON ” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write ,urther information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CoO. S‘®ATOGA SPRINGS. . . N.Y., U.S, A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Correspondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern. N. Clarke St. CHICAGO RR i a a aa a a i a a ae eS a —— Ss ee ee ee A ae "—— CANADIAN FISHERMAN “sx The Ranney Fish Co. ~ ( QF) S Cleveland... < | Sie. \ CO. /4 Buyers of all kinds of Lake, River and Ocean Fish Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked In carlots or less WHOLESALE PRODUCERS, IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS OF FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN ) FISH OYSTERS~=CLAMS NN H. R. SILVER, Ltd., Exporters of all kinds of dry and pickled fish. Large stock carried, suit- able for all markets. Halifax, : Nova Scotia. FARQUHAR & CO., LIMITED | Fish Merchants Provision Dealers Steamships Owners and Agents EXPORTERS Pickled Herring Pickled Salmon Codfish Haddock Hake Pollock Cod Oil Lobsters Farquhar’s Wharf, Halifax, N.S. A. E. HICKMAN CO. Limited ST. JOHN’S Newfoundland Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS ' Manufacturers and Refiners of MEDICINAL ‘CODLIVER OIL Fishermen are wanted to operate our newest Fi hi Avctomatic no bait Pishing Traps. One Trap ISMINg makes you a good living, 10 Traps will make you a rich man. Up to 200 Pound of Fish in and one mess Traps make money for you, summer and winter. _ Day and night. Fishing through the ice O. J Call for Illustrated Circulars of Fish and Hunting Hunting Traps. LOUIS GILBERT. Traps Fish & Hunting Trap Manufacturer 903 Clark Street.. St. Paul Minn., U. 8. : ee ee ee Pt RS oh Jean Lemétais 8 Rue de la Porte de Cailhau 8 BORDEAUX (France) Commission Agent: CODFISH, CODOIL, CODLIVER OIL, CODROES, LOBSTERS, CANNED SALMON, ETC. Correspondence Invited Telegraphic address ‘“‘Lemétais Bordeaux” COKE TIN PLATE THE BETTER KIND The Carnahan Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. 86 CANADIAN FISHERMAN W. Irving Atwood, W. Elmer Atwood, Irving M. Atwood, President. Vice-President. Treasurer. ALL 3 WACHUSETI ARIETIES 2 BRANO OF THE x FINNAN HADD EE SEASON k % 31 Boston Fish Pier Boston, Mass. E * 3 FOOD PRODUCTS bs Canadian - American - Oriental J Salmon — Herring — Pilchards B + Canned Fruits and Vegetables — ; Dried Fruits—Fruit Pulp—Milk— Canadian Canned Honey—Jams— Peanuts— Walnuts wet aif Nap i nating ng Cured and apioca — ole Spice — Oils — ° Tallow—Apples —Potatoes--Onions —Lumber— Box Shooks — Barrel Smoked Fish Staves. O’LOANE, KIELY & CO., Limited SS ee O' Lon y co [1D- . ji HEAD OFFICE: VANCOUVER, CANADA NE.KIELY& \ ApeGclate: | Omics: 326 Colman Building, Seattle Wash. (U.S.A.) VANCOUVER. BS 9 Robert Dollar Bldg., San Francisco, Cal.’ LED - ABLE ADDRESS: “‘BRITSALMON” Bank Referenc:: The Dominion Bank, Vancouver & ¢ [2 O.MUSTAD & SON . ustad U0 | Manufacturers i é ‘ Hooks | of all kinds 4 SS Sa ER noe E Black or ki of Fish Hooks . for ha inned ; this markef Fishermen consider fhem th Besf Hooks on fhe markef today | Fishermen like the 3] Made by: MUSTADHOOK OMusfadsSon Rin | on account of their The Longest Maneamaciatael Perfect Shape, Temper and Finish of Tish Hooks in theWorld | Establ. 1832. les ae EERE EAT TE fag Bo oS — e CANADIAN FISHERMAN 87 MeAvity MARINE ENGINE SUPPLIES Plunge Through It is made of best Admiralty Bronze and special attention is given in casting to insure perfect accuracy in diameter and pitch. With this Propeller Propeller that bears the name **McAvity’’. It will push you through the heaviest seas you will run up against. Carefully hand filed to re- move all surface blemishes. T. McAVITY SONS, LIMITED ST. JOHN, N.B. You can pin your faith toa WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER, MONTREAL, TORONTO Tugs, Scows, Auxiliary Schooners & Steamships ESTABLISHED 1900 Walter Lambert, M.1.N.A. Elva pe i on EAUX NAVAL ARCHITECT & VESSEL BROKER wees DHE! Een Bai ipoc 14 Place Royale, MONTREAL CANNED. AND FRESH Came aie FRESH COD, MACKEREL, Designs, Constructional Supervision, Consulting Head Office PORT DANIEL CENTRE, QUE. S. RAMIREZ & CO. Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET ‘| FRESH and SMOKED FISH BOX SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY Our Fresh Fish packed in ice reach you in the best possible condition IF IT HAS FINS---ASK US a Standing Orders Assure Regular Supplies .*. Enquiries Solicited ‘as LONDON SMOKED COD FILLETS are Good Sellers LONDON FISH CoO., Ltd. i's. Vancouver, Canada CANADIAN FISHERMAN Foon VET LILI DERO © TEE Wa WALLACE Ss i Pt om Le : zisicstanies Oca Seton Ff ° The fish are sath: ” Jf = VI ir rie ; centr ceied end Caught & Packad! by. . lie be lait io the tin WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED — ¢ after it is ‘alone VANCOUVER, CANADA. KNOW YOUR PRODUCT The purchasing of canned herring should be done with the utmost care. When you are placing before the consumer a product that you know is going to please, you are sure of repeat orders, and they will invariably specify the brand. BUY WALLACE’S FRESH HERRING With the TARTAN on the Label You are then sure of getting the best in canned herring. This company’s plants are adjacent to the waters in which shools of herring in teeming thousands abound. — Caught and delivered at their canneries when in the prime of condition, and pro- cessed by the most sanitary and modern machinery, the finished product is un- equalled in quality and flavor. IT PAYS TO KNOW YOUR PRODUCT WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED, VANCOUVER BLOCK, . Gernot B.C., Gapeds OS pe nn ann a: a ee BUY BEAVER BRAND Suan me FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, HADDOCK and POLLOCK SALTED COD, HAKE POLLOCK and CUSK SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, BLOATERS, KIPPERS and FILETS. CARLOAD LOTS A SPECIALTY Beaver Brand All our goods are 7 | ea i As we smoke only the prime stock, as every- | 4 finest grade of Had- thing wit buy i prac- dock, the finished pro- tically alive when re- duct should be of par- moved from the fish- ticular interest to dis- ing boats and taken criminating buyers. into our plant. Fish taken right out : hie a of the water at our nary cee te. plant at Liverpool and 5 , itd ly modern smoke- New York Office house, ARCH Ll, BROOKLYN BRIDGE Telephone Beekman 17 Boston Representative Plant at Liverpool, N.S. FRANK J. LEACH . ° : Plant: B. J. a Boston Fish Pier, North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. juvexroo i; MN, smoked in a thorough- ~ & Me a Ce a, ke eT eee, ene | ee | a ee eee ee CANADIAN FISHERMAN 89 Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. Tht WANNENWETSCh aYOTEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. Everybody Likes Klim POWDERED SEPARATED MILK THE BOSS, because it solves one of the biggest food supply problems he has. THE PURCHASING AGENT, because the quality is always uniform and shipments prompt. The economy appeals to him—Klim is ALL food—it contains no bulky useless water to add to the cost of handling, shipping and storing. A pound of Klim equals in food value 10 times its weight in liquid separat- ed milk. THE STOREKEEPER likes the light, compact cases and the i.eeping quality of Klim which en- sures the last tin being as fresh as the first. Klim can be stored in any cool, dry place. THE CCOK hikes Klim because it gives him an abund- unt supply of fresh separated milk, the greatest factor in ¢ «king a variety of temp- ting, wiv lesome dishes. He can make milk S.ups, gravies and puddings which he can- not make if he does not have Klim. Such dishes will make him popular with both the men and the Company. THE MEN stay on the job where the food is well cock- ed and attractive. A generous supply of Klim on the table adds to the enjoyment of the meals. Canadian Milk Products, Limited 10-12 St. Patrick St. Toronto ST. JOHN MONTREAL WINNIPEG B.C. Distributors: KIRKLAND & ROSE, Vancouver Ago tga te A ee SHIPMATE HEATING STOVES As good as Shipmate Ranges, and that is all that need to be said. Send for descriptive folder. Made by THE STAMFORD FOUNDRY COMPANY Established 1830 STAMFORD, Conn. Agencies in Canada F. H. Hopkins & Co. . .-+. . . . . Montreal, Que. Lipsett, Cunningham & Co. . . . Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Company, 798 Beatty St., Vancouver, B.C. The Reward of Service. ei HINK of this fact for a minute—more than sixty percent of America’s leading boat builders use Kermath Engines as standard equipment and publicly endorse these motors as being their first choice. Remember, too, that these Engines go into boats which they sell to their customers—and that their business success depends upon their ability to meet the expectations of their customers, Here is Good Will and confidence indeed—and the fact that these experienced motor buyers so heartily commend the Kermath is assurance for all others who may buy only one engine for their individual boat, Find the Kermath dealer in your locality. He is an expert on marine engines and a man worth knowing. Write for the interesting Kermath booklet. It is FREE. Address Dept. “N’’, 4 Cylinder, 4 Cycle, 12, 16, 20 and 40 H.P. Prices $450 to $1,650. Immediate Delivery. KERMATH MY¥% Co. MICHIGAN. 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED from FISH WASTE Ernest Scott & Company’s NEW METHOD Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values _ of products ~ PROCESS ENNGINEERS LIMITED. McGill Bld’ Montreal - - Canada ey ee ee ee ee ee Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT SHIPMENTS The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. -F.H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY ‘*‘We are in the market for New Dulse”’ REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s Solicited Agencies The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. * i ‘ 4 Se ee Se gion san al taal tie EYES CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 Brunswick Brand HIGH a || GRADE || CONNORS BROTHERS, LIMITED PACKERS AND CANNERS, Bratch Office: Cable Address: , Connors, St. George cee erect, | BUACK’S “HARBOUR; | d:in in anaes, St. John, N.B. N.B. St. George, N.B. License No. 1—603. FOODS | \| Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Capital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. PECK SLIP NEW YORK 92 CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE 1 ee Ne | The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. {| Located in the hea:t of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with direct connections on N. Y.©:70., Pre Gees P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. | Smoking plants in connection. Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut \.2242 Dien WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by | : : 7 q The St. Thomas Packing Co., Limited ————— — —— —- NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS sen 8’ cous Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of “Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,’’ “Pacific Salmon Fisheries,’’ Pacific Cod Fisheries,’’ “‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” ‘‘The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,’’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and’in the course of his duties visited Bena every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific Fisherman, and. now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. i The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the chemistry and bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of fishery products, also the trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. ; Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are no utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— .MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls. Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobster or Sea Crawfish * Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Etc. Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden Whiting Mullet Yellowtai Pikes Ete., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. =. ee a ae Li ei iil a ea ee ee CANADIAN FISHERMAN 93 Cable Address:--“*-DAVECONNOR,” VANCOUVER, ALL CODES USED ~D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. I. F. PRICES License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, Eng. 510 Winch Building VANCOUVER, B.C. Addresse par Cable:-DAVECONNOR,” TAT, COURTIER, EXPORTAITEUR VANCOUVER. D H ONNOR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION ® DE SAUMON Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; et Londres, Angleterre. 510 Winch Building - - - - VANCOUVER, B.C. OF stagnalis D . ONN CORREDOR DE SALMON Se usan todos los Cidigos e EXPOR ‘OMrIONEe Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencioOn a cauntos deseen informaci6én. PRECIOS C.I1.F. - : REFERENCIAS:- Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. 510 Winch Building . - - . VANCOUVER, B.C. E ; CASTRO ASSIS & CO. SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department : — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC. Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. (States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL First Class References. RUA SAO BENTO 66a P. 0. Box No. 1666 Telegram Address: ORTSAC. Codes. used: A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. Bentleys Liebers 94 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 81, Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: Boston, Mass. Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. Gloucester, Mass. © " » ‘New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska. Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. St. Paul, Minn. Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH vs FROZEN - SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 lb. boxes. Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Pacific Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada Soe = i AS OPE GALS ak he ae CANADIAN FISHERMAN 95 Western Packers, Limited Canned Salmon, | Frozen Salmon, Frozen Halibut. We Specialize in mixed carload shipments of only choice Northern British Columbia, Frozen Fish of All Grades. WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRIES. BUTEDALE CANNERY, MARGARET BAY CANNERY, Butedale, B.C. Smith’s Inlet, B.C. SHUSHARTIE CANNERY, Shushartie Bay, B.C. Cold Storage at Butedale with capacity of approximately 2,500,000 Lbs. 1414 Standard Bank Bldg., - See - Vancouver, B.C. Fascinating Free Game For Your Winter Evenings. The En-ar-co Game, in which motors compete in : CANADIAN a cross country race, will provide heaps of fun for orn you and your family. We will send it FREE if you COMPANIES, will mail us this coupon. Just a reminder that. LIMITED 1587 Excelsior Life Building, Toronto, Ont. Canada En-ar-co Motor Oil The Oil of a Million Tests. is a perfect lubricant for your motor boat or auto engine. Scientifically re- fined to remove friction and increase wear. Send me En-ar- co Auto Game Free. Enclosed find three ~- cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- Ping point and uote prices on the items I have marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year . R G li use. 2... gals. Kerosene per year te ose aso ine -+--gals. Tractor Oil per year _ “RNS: Ne 2 QY j/ _ 4 Use..... ibs. Motor Grease per year A superior power fuel for ali gas engines. + “Sy \ “eA W\ / I use........ Ibs. Axle Grease per year Gives you extra speed in the run home. N e F ° ti ] C und ER ry = UE gn ng A si a a ational Frictionless Compo ponents He Ras ae prea Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross-heads, valve motions, eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all Province heavy open bearings. Canadian Oil Companies, Limited Branch Offices in 35 Cities Automobile; am at present using................cccceece Motor Oil, I will be in th ket f ut General Offices: TORONTO, Ont. Cis i a ae Sa and you may quote > kis ed oe een En-ar-co National Motor Oil. 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Atlantic Marine Motors ignitor. S22 so. Gasolene Spark Engine. A popular and most satisfactory feature of the ‘** Atlantic,”’ is its make and break Ignition. Itismade of very few parts, easily adjusted and simple in every de- Enters the Engine by Heated By-Pass under the Exhaust || — Manifold, thus Eva- “- porizing it before it reaches the combus- tion chamber. tail. : st BURNS KEROSENE oe | __.,, LUNENBURG FOUNDRY ‘Rift iF FRANK E. DAVIS F ISHERIES, | LIMITED Yarmouth, N. S. PRODUCERS, CANNERS, CURERS, and ~ EXPORTERS of ALL KINDS OF FISH Offices: Branches: FREEPORT, N.S. CLARKS’ HARBOUR, N.S. BOSTON, Mass., U.S.A. SORT Gaal REA IN: . eee . A , NS. Cable Address: Privis. OUR MOTTO: “RIGHT FROM THE FISHING BOATS TO YOU.’’ FRANK E. DAVIS ARTHUR CG. DAVIS, President L. C. PRIME, Secretary-Treasurer. Managing Director. 1 —_—_—Ss=E a CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNEY J, WILLIAMS, Governmen t Auctioneer. FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUCTIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Governmen 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS., Genera | Offices: :—43-45 Monumen t Street, London, E.C., 3; Colo:al Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3, CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have WE SPECIALIZE proved most satisfac- VA R NI SH ED tory are . ee SALMON, HALIFAX HERRING PILGHARD and ACADIA LABELS Refuse Inferior Substitutes THE ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, B.C.PRINTINGs. LITHO.LTD. LUNENBURG, N.S. VANCOUVER, B.C.CANADA. Sold Everywhere 98 CANADIAN FISHERMAN zis Index to Advertisers :-: Acadia Gas Engine, Ltd. .. .. .. .. ,. .. «+ 100 Lockport Cold Storage Co., Ltd. see American Can Company .. . .. .. .. .. 83 London and Petrolea Barrel Co., “Ltd. ‘Atlantic Coast Fisheries Co. Inc., The ++ +e s+ se ++ 82 London Fish Co., Ltd. Fight ats Lyons, Chs. & Co. - B.C. Printing & Litho fours. i” ee Foundry Co,, Ltd. Booth Fisheries Canadian Regs Ltd. eet bs! aes Avity, T., & Sons Ltd. .. . Buote, F. J. Chie ; Ree we McBride Wells and Co. . Minard’s Liniment .. « Canadian Fairbanks-Morse, Co., Ltd. .. .. .. +» 18 ‘Maritime Fish Corp. .. - Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co., Ltd. -- .. 15 Mueller, Chs., Co., Ltd. Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd.. ; .. 1... 94 Mustad, O. and Son stones Canadian Milk Produets, Ltd. Sg Re a Reso eu Ta Murray-Latta Machine Works . Canadian Oil Companies, Ltd. ge A ee ses a OB Carnahan Tin Plate and Sheet 0, Ltd. .. .. 85 New England Fish Co., Inc. Castro Assis & Co... .. . "1 1): 93 Noble, Chs., Jr, Company .. .. 2... .. + Connor, D. .. cs se vase an es uaae ee 998 North American. Fisheries ‘& ‘Cold f Connors Bros., Tita. Peete ea been a ee Ltd. band Consumers Cordage Co., "Ltd. aR pk 8b’ SSB Oe «ye Scotia “Government . Davis, Frank E. & Co... ... Jol ea) ewan (Ou 4 OFuoane .Baely: ae Oo. Did. Department of Marine and Fisheries. sd dhe Des Brisay, M., & Co.,. ee gaps eee ke NS Engineers Limited... 00% Phenix. Packing Cg ie iste ecco Farquhar & Co., Ltd. OO Ne BB. BPembeetion: Motor tite saben sane Fish Trades Gazette, The .. Se PCR Ee a m oes Forge, Peter- «25 .::2% +0 ab gt Foo Hw ee ee bee. G ac a. Sera Freeman & Cobb, Inc -. 2 34s 435 ge 8 wapheg rene ee ae Mromm@ 'Co:, Po Bi aha ere ey ees 90 Ramirez & Co., Ss. Mids i aie ee tees 85 Ranney Fish Co. Miho i SR Es ee oe Gilbert Louis -- -- + eerie 00 be os ee ee ee wee Goodrich Rubber Co., The B. F... .. .. .. .. 99 Robin, Jones and Whitman . Gosse-Millerd ' Packing Os Dag ae ee eae Beay © Spor, Ma ae Hes Gary ree RS a. Seattle Astoria Iron Works . Schmidt Litho Co. 2.03 + os Sa ee E Pillidsy Toe eee ee ee Suk w Ro Fens tha eee Hallett, A, Bi ++" v9) eo ee eae Stamford Foundry Go., ae Hatton, D., Cotapahy .. 2°... seis Sees eee St. Th Packi Co., ee ape age ge Ltd. oc. > Guia eae ee S uraaetabos od 72... Hickman Co, A.B. ++ of \.5is suivausde sec Gee mith Cannery Machines Co. ne Halifax Nautical Sinan mail 84 Seythes & Co., Ltd. . $585 "REL EL, bs Re Swedish Steel and impostiae, Co., Ltd. International Business Machines Co., Ltd. .. Towar’s Canadian. Lintwe seve Jacobson Gas Engine Co. .. .. 1... 1. ws ee es 84 : : sonrneauk, Ho ei oi Ra oe eee eee Vhay Fisheries Co. . Stilian, ©. O35: &. Co.cc aa uke Rd a tne ed oe ‘ Wallace Fisheries Limited . Kermath Mfg. Code... <.. ..d0 b: ee Wannenweted, 2 He A ‘ en sagt oy ates Ward, W. A. & Co. . vis Haye Lambert Walter .. ++... ..,.. .. s+ +s 40s. +s, 8f Western Packers, Ltd. . Lemetais, Jean .. Wve ee ve bee gL as saae OS 0 EO, Ole ae ee Ltd. Leckie, John, Ltd. TUN rh a PEN op lek | Letson and Burpee, Limited’. seees oe oe oo. © Yarmouth Trading Co, Ji - CANADIAN FISHERMAN HAT’S the first thing you seek in rubber boots? Service, of course. Then by all means buy Goodrich “Hi-Press,’’ for no other boot has such a record for consistently long wear. Want comfort? Sure; for a few pennies saved cannot compensate for aching feet. Then by all mréans buy Goodrich ‘“Hi-Press,’’ for Goodrich has the secret of uniting comfort with long wear and economy. Goodrich ‘‘Hi-Press’’ footwear won’t leak, crack or come apart—you can bank on that. Insist on Goodrich “Hi-Press’’—you can always tell it by the RED LINE ’Round the Top. THE B. F. GOODRICH RUBBER CO. Akron, Ohio FOUNDED 1870 G oodrich TRACE MARK : Rubber Footwear CANADIAN FISHERMAN “ACADIA” MARINE ENGINES Sectional View, 6: H.P. ‘‘ ACADIA’”’. Instal an “ ACADIA” Engine in your Boat and enjoy _ lasting satisfaction by using an engine that is strongly built, a easy to operate and always dependable. a All “ACADIA” Engines have a reserve of power and are rated very conservative. Built in two and four Cycle from 3 H.P. to 40 H.-P. : BRIDGEWATER, F NOVA SCOTIA, Canada. Branch Office and Warehouse: ST. JOHN’S, : : : : NEWFOUNDLAND | THE CANADIAN Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association 7 VOL. Vu. GARDENVALE, P.Q., DECEMBER, 1920 No. J? D. Hatton Company | MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH in the Dominion. Experts in the Handling of Bulk and Shell OYSTERS. as ai a BONSECOURS ST. ™ TWO OF THE OLDEST LANDMARKS IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL TO THE TRADE e For your Winter Supplies be sure and ask for our Prices before placing an Order. a It will sure pay you. We have ready for distribution from our Cold Storage Plant and Warehouses, all the varieties that our Oceans, Lakes and Rivers produce — either fresh, frozen, smoked, pickled, boneless, dried, _ Prepared and canned. 7 Our Staff is at vour disposal to give you the best service available. a Whenever our Travellers call upon you, spare them a few minutes of your time. They will inter- a est you whether you favour them with an order or not. CANADIAN FISHERMAN eo =~ In connection with the principle of — direct marketing and the ultimate ef- fect of its non-observance, G. B. John- Department of Marine son, Canadian Government Trade Com- : : missioner in Brazil recently sent the — gpa nsec: following pertinent advice to a Cana- | Fisheries Branch dian fish a ins OTTAWA Whe. Fishetiee Bikack: Unfortunately you quote f.0.b. Port Elgin, instead ¢ e isheries ranch, cif. Rio, or at least f.0.b. Canadian shipping port. The Ott st 1 dvo- leak : Oe eee porter here has no means of finding out the freight rate fre cates that foreign mar- kets requiring Canadian your town to a Canadian shipping port or to Brazil, so it is hts ay supplied direct. impossible for him to know what the fish would cost landed in Brazil, and therefore what quotations to make to . own customers in this country. Large companies in Canada should not hesitate eliminate the New York broker in the disposal of their 3 duct to other countries, as they have the means to p themselves with an organization to properly handle overseas shipments themselves, and so avoid handing over slice of the profits and good foreign customers to wnnece middlemen, to say nothing of the fact that Canadian p and reputation for a broad business outlook suffer if ducers in Canada continue to find it necessary to have helping hand of a New York firm to market their pro abroad. Of course, if these products are for consumpt the United States the matter is entirely different. In the latter case it is naturally an assistance t American importer to have, as you say, exchange in his fi although that is no detriment to yourself. In fact it advantage if you are competing with U. S. fishermen in U, S. market. But if you are trying to sell your pro direct in Brazil or other foreign country against U. S. petition, then naturally you have an advantage over American competitor, in the matter of exchange, measured the premium of U. 8. funds in Canada, because the overs importer pays 10% or 12% less at present in his own currence for a draft drawn against him in Canadian dollars than: for similar draft in U. 8. dollars. If the New York broker buys his fish in Canada, sells it, say, in Brazil, he has the advantage in selling, balance each other more or less, leaving him in the same tion, so far as exchange goes, as the Canadian who sells in the overseas market, But the middleman has the vantage of trying to sell at a higher price of buying lower in order to provide himself with a profit. é CANADIAN FISHERMAN SREP GAOL C ES Ce ee ee ee sone geting HR Re eee NO NNR PSS The Navigator Log hs 1c Lone loomed For In The Maritime Field’ Constructed on Entirely Automatic the Pitot Principle Speed Indicator Functions with In the Engine Room unfailing precision Independent of all external conditions Distance Recorder on the Bridge APPLY FOR DESCRIPTIVE LITERATURE SOLE CANADIAN REPRESENTATIVES SWEDISH STEEL & IMPORTING CO., LIMITED SHAUGHNESSY BUILDING, “ ° MONTREAL CANADIAN FISHERMAN MARITIME. FISH CORPORATION | LIMITED + ! F is p a q q THE “DOROTHY M. SMART,” HIGH-LINER OF DIGBY, N.S., FISHING FLEET. SCHOONER AND STEAM TRAWLER OWNERS COLD STORAGES AND PLANTS CANSO, N.S. DIGBY, N.S. HEAD OFFICE ST. NICHOLAS BLDG. MONTREAL CANADA License No, 1-148 License No, 1-14 GIS ne Bue ir. a eae Oe Ra Me Wee es i ih: mS ere aes Se are en re ea ae, CANADIAN FISHERMAN or Letson & Burpee, Ltd. 172 Alexander Street : Vancouver, B. C. Patentees and Manufacturers of Cannery Machinery and Equipment RETORTS, EXHAUSTERS, FILLERS, FISH CUTTERS, .~ CONVEYORS, SEAMERS, } CLINCHERS, COOLERS, TRUCKS and all kinds of / TRANSMISSION MATERIAL AT THE HEIGHT _ OF THE RUN WHEN LABOR TROUBLE LOOMS—Place your re- liance on an L & B filler— a tireless, non-striking worker that asks no extra pay for overtime. 80 to 90 tall cans per min- ute—the fastest machine of the kind in use. Our patent chain fish feed, a vast improvement over the old style, is only one of the distinctive features. Filler for Half Pound Flat and Pound Flat Cans. Don’t waste money handling cans between the filler and exhauster—there’s no need with our machine. Canadian Made—Buy As You Preach canattnd save the exchange CANADIAN FISHERMAN \\ \\) =e 3 >» Sa ST BE LEADERS .THOSE WHO 4 A): BLAZE. THE TRAIL. ——<> Nit THIS ORGANIZATION | \ TAKES PRIDE de ORIGINAT- 5 i) ING COMPELLING LABEL | MS, - IDEAS BALANCED BY~ | THE JUDGEMENT OF- | EXPERIENCE - OUR LABELS ARE War GIVEN THE CAREFUL [)4ae PLANNING ac PAINS~ TAKING WORKMAN ~ | SHIP THAT MAKE THEM; INDIVIDUALL \ceapr LTHOGRAPH (0! by / Orland econ Honokln | ' SAN FRANCISCO ane — i al le |e He >. | ea , AR H “I y, i ss 5) a CANADIAN FISHERMAN Eat lots of Fish during Summer Months. A Fish diet clears the brain and keeps the body physically fit. Established 1874 D. Hatton Company MONTREAL Largest Receivers and Distributors of all kinds of FISH in the Dominion. Experts in the Handling of Bulk and Shell OYSTERS. ace foal ; in aa “HATTON COMPANY Yas fa ® aa EL RIB ptsuntiolas Sa aS ee ‘ TWO OF THE OLDEST LANDMARKS ~ IN THE CITY OF MONTREAL To the Trade: We suggest for the Summer Season you place a standing order with us for your weekly supplies of FISH. We guarantee you quality and service. Here is a few of the lines we recommend. FRESH: Haddock, Codfish, Halibut, Salmon, Dore, Lake Trout, Whitefish, Pike. SMOKED: Eels, Fillets, Haddies, Bloaters, Kippers, Digby Chicks. SALTED: Boneless or Dried Codfish, Labrador Salmon, Mackerel, Sea Trout, Herrings, Codfish Tongues and Sounds, Imported Scotch and Holland Herrings, etc. CANADIAN FISHERMAN A New Call to Arms | Against the Powers of Ignorance | $5,000,000 NEEDED To build up good Canadians, second to none as ENGINEERS, CHEMISTS, PHYSICIANS, SURGEONS, DEN- TISTS, SCHOLARS, LAWYERS, MINISTERS, ECONOMISTS, TEACHERS, EDITORS, ARCHITECTS, SCIENTIFIC FARMERS, EXPERTS IN BUSINESS. SIR ARTHUR CURRIE formerly Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Army, and now Principal of McGill, gives this message :— ‘*We are all standing to-day in another set of trenches, prepared to give battle against the powers of greed, selfishness, and ignor- ance, and ready and willing to evince the same high courage, the same unflinching devotion, the same steadfast earnestness, and the same determination to win as were displayed by our coun- trymen in the crisis of the Great War. McGill aims to be a great seat of learning, to develop in its students a love of study and research,.to help them understand and appreciate the lessons of history, to master the mysteries of nature, and to obtain a proper conception of their duties and responsibilities as citizens, while recognizing at the same time the spirits and the needs of the times. She will maintain the highest intellectual traditions of our race, and will ineuleate the truest moral standards. She seeks the truth and unselfishly desires to serve.”’ URGENTLY WANTED : More Buildings, More Laboratories, More Equipment, More Books, : More Professors, More for Salaries. | McGILL PAYS OUT OVER $500.00 PER HEAD PER YEAR TO TRAIN HER STUDENTS,BUT RECEIVES LESS THAN $200.00 IN FEES FROM STUDENTS. DON’T BLAME THE STUDENTS ; THEY GIVE WHAT THEY CAN. DO AS THEY DO Give What You Can CANADIAN FISHERMAN 9 1920 NINETY-F IVE years experience is what is given| to the buyers of “Lion Brand” Cordage. Lion Brand Cordage renders great strength and has secured an enviable reputation throughout the Fishing Industry. For efficiency and general economy, it is unexcelled, and will stand the strain of all weathers. | The fact that for ninety-five years we have been MANUFACTURING and SELLING, is our best recom- mendation. With the help of our Coast to Coast Service a trial will convince you of this. Manufactured in Canada since 1825. CONSUMERS CORDAGE COMPANY, LIMITED MILLS AT DARTMOUTH, N.S., AND MONTREAL BRANCHES AT TORONTO AND ST. JOHN, N.B. Tees & Persse, Limited, Winnipeg, Regina, Saskatoon, Calgary, Moose Jaw, Edmonton and Fort William, Ont. James Bisset & Co., Quebec, P.O. Macgowan & Co., Vancouver, B.C. 10 , CANADIAN FISHERMAN The Fisheries of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia’s Enormous Fishery Resources Afford an Unequalled Market for Buyers of | Fish and Fish Products - and - Wonderful Opportunities for Investment and Employment @ The Sea Girt Province of Nova Scotia is blessed with territorial waters prolific in Lobsters, Herring, Haddock, Cod, Hake, Pollock, Mackerel, Gaspereaux, Halibut, Albacore, Clams and Various Fahne Fish.—All suitable for the maintenance of thriving inshore ‘ sheries. q The ports of the Province are all adjacent to the great offshore fishing banks of the Western North Atlantic and afford unexcelled opportunities for the economical exploitation by fishing vessels of of the larger type. @ Nova Scotia’s annual catch of fish exceeds two hundred and fifty million pounds in weight—the highest of all the Canadian Provinces. lf You Are Buying Fish— lf You Have Capital To lnvebic. lf You Are a Practical Fisherman— COME TO NOVA SCOTIA! FOR FULL PARTICULARS REGARDING NOVA SCOTIA’S RESOURCES WRITE W. B. MacCOY, ““iiinnimion 197 Hollis St., Halifax ha Ba i> ae ee ea te Oe ee, eee eee hee ee ee ee in PT WR aie ea Aes Aer ny cy RR or ES Nitin Dee oan ae ee lt cL AA —_—_—_— — " wer a“ . . \ rs hn ai i gee es ow 4 SR ae PS re eee _—~- CANADIAN FISHERMAN BOOTH FISHERIES CANADIAN COMPANY, LTD. : Ocean, Lake and River Fish Fresh Canned Frozen Salted Smoked 3 | Prince Rupert Kingston { Port Arthur TORO NTO Montreal Wiarton Winnipeg SARDINE CANNERIES | | Chamcook, N.B. | | | St. John, N.B. All communications should be addressed to the Booth Fisheries Canadian Company Limited, Toronto, Ontario; or the Branch Office at 205 No. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Ill. cd a 3 - 12 CANADIAN FISHERMAN W.R.SPOONER Wholesale and Commission Dealer FISH OF ALL KINDS 119 Youville Square, . MONTREAL I am in the Market at all times to Buy or Sell on Commission, Fresh, Frozen Smoked and Salt Sea and Lake Fish in Carload Lots or less. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED REPRESENTING National Fish Company, Limited Halifax and Port Hawkesbury, N.S. OWNERS AND OPERATORS Steam Trawlers—‘‘VENESTA”’ and ‘‘ LEMBERG”’ ‘““NATIONAL BRAND ” PRODUCERS Haddies, Fillet, Kippers, Fresh, Frozen and Salt Bloaters, Scotch Cured Herring Sea Fish ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee, CANADIAN FISHERMAN Exceptional Angling —— Opportunities are offered by the Province of Quebec, which is the only one that leases ex- elusive hunting and fishing territories over large area of forest, lakes and rivers both to Clubs and private individuals, with the privilege of erecting camps thereon. Membership may be obtained, if desired, in many existing clubs, with camp privileges already provided, and often with the right of erecting private summer homes on suitable sites on the club territory. On ail unleased Crown Lands and Waters, angling and hunting are absolutely free to residents of the Province, and the only charge to non- residents is the cost of the non-resident fishing or hunting license. To the Wholesale Fish Trade The attention of dealers who receive their fresh fish from Portland and other foreign sources is directed to the exceptional opportunities of obtain- ing their supply from the Baie des Chaleurs and the North Shore of the St. Lawrence, to their own advantage and that of their customers, and to the benefit of the fishermen of the Province of Quebec. For all information apply to—— The Minister of Colonization, Mines and Fisheries Of the Province of Quebec 14 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Codes: Cable Address: Armsby ** Brokers.’’ A.B.C. 5th Ed. Western Union California Fruit Canners a“ eS M. DesBrisay & Co Vancouver, B.C. (“ae 6 Salmon Canners ) Commission Agents Importers & Exporters These are our Brands :--- “LACKOSSE.: “SOCKET EE “SUNDIAL” “COHGES: “RAINBOW” “PINKS” “SMUGGLER” “CHUMS" i a a ae a i ca ae a a : a ; i. ig Ei x “ ] F PF. ss : A ‘J 4 by: CANADIAN FISHERMAN : 15 “Rupert” Brand Canadian Fish & Cold ptorage* Cox *Eunited Wholesale Dealers, Packers and Shippers of Fresh, Frozen, Smoked, Salt and Canned Fish HALIBUT, SALMON, HERRING, CODFISH, ETC. Cold Storage 7000 tons. Ice Making Capacity 80 tons daily Ice Storage 2000 tons Head Office and Plants PRINCE RUPERT, B.C. (Canada) CORRESPONDENCE INVITED BRANCHES: Vancouver, B. C., Chicago, Ill. U. S. A. 16 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Pee a ee ee ee ee ee Fifty Years Supplying The Canadian Fishermen ‘- With the experience and knowledge gained from these ; long years of service we are able to take care of your require- : ments to advantage. We carry in stock a complete line of :-— | Linen Gilling Nets, Gilling Twines, Sea Island Cotton Gilling Nets, Side Line and Seaming Twine, Pound Nets, Drag Seines, Dip Nets, Minnow Seines, Trammel Nets, Hoop Nets, Fishing Rope, Cedar Floats, Lead. Boat Hardware, Nautical Instruments, Lamps of all types, Life Boat Equipment to Board of Trade regulations, Life Jackets, Ring Buoys, Blocks of all kinds, Wire and Manilla Rope, Anchors, Oars, Pumps. Write for a catalogue. JOHN LECKIE LIMITED 77 Wellington St. W. Toronto, Ont. The House of Quality and Service CANADIAN FISHERMAN ry Tl j i { C\O\D| ! TY] HER) RalN ? 1 CANNED ~— yi SMOKED —FISH—_ ' CANNED SALMON ip PitcHaros : HERRING: LOBSTER THE CANADIAN FISHERMAN A Monthly Journal devoted to the Commercial Development of the Fishery Resources of Canada, and the Technical Education of those engaged in the Industry, SUBSCRIPTION: Canada, Newfoundland and Great Britain .. .. «1 61 es se ee ce ee ee «=§1.00 Wnited States and Blsowhere .. 2. 1. 00. os ce ce we os oe oe oe os oe os «6BLGO payable in advance Re eee = Published on the 24th of each month. Changes of advertisements should be in the publisher’s hands ten days before that date. Cuts should be sent by mail, not by express. Readers are cordially invited to send to the Editor items of Fishery news, also articles on subjects of practical interest. If suitable for publication these will be paid for at our regular rate. ADVERTISING RATES ON APPLICATION a & z = Official Organ of the Canadian Fisheries Association. MONTREAL OFFICE: —= = = TORONTO OFFICE: A. 8. Christie, Eastern Mgr. —= = H. W. Thompson, Western 205 Drummond ye Manager Telephone, Uptown VANCOUVER OFFICE: Cc. P. R. Bidg., cor. King F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative and Yonge Sts. 528 Winch Bldg. Telephone, Adelaide 3310 The Industrial & Educational Publishing Co , Limited J. J. Harpell, President and Managing Director R'GARDEN CITY PRESS - - - - - Gardenvale Que. - “ Wenner irityeee’ tu siyagentete Ss ITT 17 18 CANADIAN FISHERMAN vanes) | a | Ay 4% ‘ Mastering the Waters of the World Mastering of the waters of the world has been and is an important factor in the advancement of civilization, The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co. Limited,claims its share in this advancement. No matter where you live, or what your business, you are constantly dependent on pumps for the water you drink, for the protection of your home from fire, or the production of the things you use, wear, and eat, And quite likely it is a Fairbanks-Morse pump, for Fairbanks-Morse pumps have long been recognized as standards—dependable pumps, constantly giving maxi- mum service under the most exacting conditions. The Canadian Fairbanks-Morse engineers know the pumping problems of Canada and, with all the re- sources and reputation of this national institution behind them, have developed pumps that meet every requirement and meet it with a product that is worthy of being branded “Fairbanks-Morse 100% quality.” Make this mark your guarantee of satisfaction and our catalogue your buying guide. The Canadian FairbanKs-Morse Co., mite Canada’s Departmental House for Mechanical Goods em ® (— te lt Halifax, St. John, Quebec, POS elle ees - . Montreal, : : Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton, St. Catharines, Windsor, Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Regina, Calgary, Vancouver, ORSE | ¥ haze Victoria. 15 — # PULP ANO PAPER MACHINERY ihe tiaHiil ied FAIRBANK. = j tii ~ CANADIAN prosperous New Year. if CANADA’S NATIONAL FISH DAY. The Canadian Fisheries Association has named Wed- ay, February 9th, 1921, as Canada’s National sh Day and preparations are underway to make e 1921 fish date the most successful of all. Peiuly, these Fish Days were celebrated on var- dates throughout the year and experience has own that they were not always suitable to all bran- es of the Trade. The coming National Fish Day has been set on the that opens the Lenten season and this fact will re that the event will suit the Trade from east west. y booming the coming National Fish Day, the .F-A. hopes that the attention of the public will be wn to fish as a food at a season when good sup- — and varieties are forthcoming and when religious eall for the use of fish. The wholesale trade are urged to advertise the date freely and to circularize their customers. The retail- ers, it is hoped, will decorate their stores and make a special effort in displaying fish. CANADA'S NATIONAL FISH DAY — WEDNES. DAY, FEBRUARY NINTH. DON’T FORGET THE DATE. oe EXPRESS RATES HEARINGS. The final session of the hearing with regard to the in rates asked for by the associated Express Companies was held in Ottawa on December 15th. Mr. D’Arcy Scott, counsel for the Canadian Fisheries Association, presented the Association’s case before the Board of Railway Commissioners, and in his final argument urged strongly that if any increase were to be granted the Express Companies, it should be con- fined to articles moving first class only, and that the ecedent, established last year by the Board, of con- uing the low commodity rates on fish without in- - erease, be followed. He also urged, that, as the cost of operation was joming down, if any increase were granted the Ex- Companies, it should be of a temporary nature » and that it should not extend beyond the first ay, 1921. The Editor and Publishers of the “CANADIAN FISHERMAN” desire to extend to their readers and friends in the Fishing Industry of Canada and elsewhere a joyful Christmas and an untroubled and Nee Snore onan one onan eet FISHERMAN 255 The decision of the Board of Railway Commission- ers has not: yet been announced, but there is every in- dication that the Express Companies will be granted increased rates—just what percentage of increase is hard to determine. TECHNICAL EDUCATION FOR FISHERY OFFICERS. We are delighted to notice that a start has been made in the direction of providing technical education for Dominion Fishery Officers. It will be remem- bered that the Canadian Fisheries Association urged such education in the list of recommendations for Canadian fishery development presented to Hon. Mr. Ballantyne in May, 1919, The technical instruction is being carried out un- der the auspices of the Biological Board of Canada and the following syllabus has already been framed and instruction given by Prof. E. E. Prince and Prof. A. G. Huntsman. The first courses were given to the Officers of the Atlantic Division under Mr, Ward Fisher’s jurisdiction. (1) Fishes and their environment, with special re- ference to the senses in their bearing on the fishing industry :— (A) Sight (Eyes) (B) Hearing (Ears) (C) Taste ‘and smell ete.) (D) Lateral Line (Heat, Cold, ete.) (E) General Sensation (Vibrations, ete. ) (2) Migrations of Fishes, as related to Fisheries -— (A) Gonotropism (B) Trophotropism (C) Thermotropism (D) Halotropism (E) Phototropism (3) Theory of Fishing Methods :— Baited, Sedentary, and Moving Gear (4) Types of Atlantic Fishing Gear :— (A) Baited. 1. Short Lines 2. Deep-water . Trawls . Lobster Pots and Hoops . Carrelets or Seoops (Olfacto-gustatory Bulbs, Lines She So 256 (B) Unbaited 1. Sedentary (a) Seines (staked) (b) Mackerel and Salmon (c) Traps or Pound-nets (d) Fyke or Hoop-nets (e), Weirs and Hel-traps (f) Grapnels or unbaited hooks 2. Non-Sedentary ‘* (a) Spearing and Jigging Gear (b) Dip-nets and Shrimp Scoops (c) Shad and. Sturgeon Spring Nets (d) Bag-nets “(e) Drag Seines (f) Purse Seines (g) Gill-nets (h) Bear Trawl (i) Otter Trawl (k) Dredge and Tongs THE BIGGEST EVENT OF THE FISH-MONGER’S | CALENDAR — NATIONAL FISH DAY, WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY NINTH, 1921. THE INTERNATIONAL FISHING SCHOONER RACES. The America’s Cup contest is in danger of being over-shadowed in the future by the International Fishing Schooner Race. The Halifax sailing race has been productive of enthusiastic comment in both Can- ada.and the United States, not from the fishing in- dustry alone, but from yachtsmen, sea-lovers, and ear general public. It is a pleasure to read press reports and newspaper editorials upon the contest. All admit the superiority of the seamanship involved and most draw odious com- parisons with the America’s Cup races. The opinions expressed regarding the latter incline one to the belief that as a test of international seamanship, the Am- erica’s Cup Race has lost its place to the more pract- ical competition between vessels whose speed under sail is their bread and butter. Canada lost the first race, but no Canadian feels downhearted. Rather do we feel proud of our initiat- ive in getting the contest underway. It is now firmly established as an annual event and there is no doubt but what the next race will command the interest of all the nations bordering on the North Atlantic. The ‘‘Esperanto’’ won the trophy fairly and square- ly, but we refuse to admit that American seamanship and American sailing eraft are superior to our own. The ‘‘Delawana’’ and Captain Himmelman and his crew were the best factors available to defend Canada’s challenge, but it is quite possible that both schooner and skipper could do better had they more time to prepare. The contest in 1921 will be the real test. Canadian fishing skippers will be watching the performances of their vessels with more interest and will, no doubt, try their skill at racing taetics while pursuing their voca- tions. Vessel owners will be keeping tab on the speedy eraft in their fleets and will arrange to put them in to the elimination contests out of which the best vessel will be selected to challenge for the cup next year. New eraft will.be designed with an eye to bringing the trophy back and there is no doubt but what the COANADIAN FISHERMAN frame a regulation that all contesting vessels must be ms December, 1920 — : coming year will see the launch of some fishing eraft which will be the last word in speed under sail. z It is to be hoped, however, that utility and — always that danger. The America’s Cup, i in the early .. 175,493 VALUE OF FISHERIES BY PROVINCES, 1918 AND 1919, WITH INCREASE OR DECREASE. — 1918 . 1919 Value © Quantity $14,067,249 1,394,215 5,914,891 605,135 2,254,690 128,759 2,471,740 278,091 960,181 46,897 1,227,988 119,225 1,502,807 72,428 494,875 95,912 697,969 56,673 352,786 262,225 December, 1920 : Value $13,842,140 6,811,315 1,711,431 1,036,199 593,811. 554,473 536,704. 531,185 _— , 504,972 Ine. or Dec. 1918 1919 compared with Provinces SOUR Ine. +. Dee ee IBTALIGh, CONDI UN; fs os. 6 ns eat eee are Sei nS ek $27,282,223 $25,301,607 + $1,980,616 | INGVAINCOMMG ciioe ss Yc sikehuate a ce 15.143.086 15,171,929 oa 28,863 © NeW BEANS WICK 00s. SS wea os ip ng ONC a 6,298 990 4,979,074 # ~~ 1,819,916 . Be eet is: eae reece 4,568,773 4,258,731 # 310,042 _ Ontario .. . 3,175,111 3,410,750 + = 285,639 Prince Edward Island . 1,148,201 1,536,844 + 388,643 MMAMILODR oe becuase 1,830,435 1,008,717 ‘o-: 821,718. Saskatchewan .. .. .. 2. 1.0... 447,012 475,797 + 287854 Appr ta. 58 ee eS ee ae erie Stic psu aa 318 913 333,330 +. Sg Ed PPUMKOM, 50's Wists Melon hs | ee eee ue : 37,820 8,800 + 29,020 — Dotalg ee eels. wees Hea eke gioh bee $60,250,544 $56,485,579 $3,764,965 DOMINION FISH HATCHERY RECORDS FOR 1920. Prince Edward Island— ae Ottawa, Dec. 2.—Fish hatcheries operated by the Atlantic salmon .. .. 860,140 # Fisheries Branch, Department of Marine and Fisheries, Speckled trout ..’ 124,265 984,405 | Ottawa, have distributed in 1920 three-fourths of a bil- Quebee— aD Se lion fry, in the various provinces throughout the Dom- Milawhis calonan 2376585 - peg inion. The greatest distribution took place in the een eid eet: ee province of Ontario, the number of fry distributed daar ee, ak doe 2,556,218 being approximately four hundred million. Siwayiis “anlaninl 433.200 The largest distribution of any one species was the Whitefish ‘ 205 662.500 valuable whitefish, of which more than four hundred Malinad -daveal “90.401 252. See ee million were released. About half of these were dis- Hote 40.800.000 iit AL x i : g- , . ‘ tributed in the Great Lakes and the balance in Man- Pinan 120,400,000 387,696,952 itoba. Pickerel came second to whitefish. Of this pecs: pata yrstarar species 120,000,000 were distributed in the Great é Manitoha: re Lakes and 25,000,000 in Manitoba. Whitefish 201,111,25 ‘a Sockeye salmon, the most valuable of all the Pacific Pickerel .. .. .... 25,353, 600 226,464,850 species came third, there being a distribution of more .__ . Alberta— i: than ninety million, This is the largest distribution Rainbow trout .. 607,660 of sockeye fry that has been made for some years Cut-throat trout 432,752 Peer: and was an inerease of more than forty million over Salmon trout Wage V74441 214,853 the year 1919. British Columbia— , A considerable increase was also effected in: the Cut-throat trout 172,075 distribution of fry of ‘the sporting ‘varieties of fish, Steelhead salmon — ay 107,254 such as the rainbow and cut-throat trout in Alberta Kamloops trout .. .. .. .. 238,805 and speckled trout in the Maritime provinces. cae Sockeye salmon .. .. 90,175,819 distribution of fry by provinees is as follows :— Albino salmon .. ars Nova Scotia— Spring salmon .. wad 3.951,208 Atlantie salmon .. .. .. 6,487,750 Kennerly’s salmon .. 1,085,000 Rainbow trout .. 105,000' Cohoe_ salmon 2,243,388 Speckled: trout 428,408 = 10,511,847 Pink salmon 4,264,000 New Brunswick— Chum salmon .. 584.000 Atlantie. salmon 10,083,444 Speckled trout .. 6 Speckled trout 428,403 6,757,750 Whitefish . 11,517,000 114,286,554 December, 1920 CANADIAN FISHERMAN 263 Who's Who in the Fishing World Hon. Fred Magee. Appointed a Minister of the Crown just before the provincial elections in New Brunswick, on October 9th, 1920, Hon. Fred Magee led the Foster Government ticket in the county of Westmoreland, and was returned at the head of the polls after a rather strenuous con test with a ticket put in the field by the United Farmers and Independent Labor party of New Bruns- wick. As two of Premier Foster’s ministers went down to defeat in the elections, the victory of the new min- ister was no mean achievement, especially when it is — considered that the United Farmers the Labor and party had the support of the old line provincial Oppo- sition. Whatever part the policies and record of the Foster Government may have played in the election, there is no doubt that Mr. Magee’s reputation as an able business man, his genial personality and previous public activities, were important factors in winning for him the favorable judgment of the electors of his constituency. Although the fishing industry is of considerable im- portance to this Dominion, it is not usual—it is unfor- tunately ‘very unusual even in the Maritime Provinces— for a man, actively engaged in the fish business, to arrive at the dignity of a Minister of the Crown. Per- haps the fishing interests have been too busy to push their claims in the political world. In any case the fishing interests have not exercised much political in- fluence, and the provincial governments have done little or nothing to encourage the development of the fishing industry, though they have done much to en- courage the development of agriculture, now that the farmers, who were taught the value of organization by- the provincial governments, are reaching out for political power, it is not unlikely the people engaged in the fisheries will follow their example and organize for action on the political field. Hon .Mr. Magee has no portfolio, but still his posi- tion is one of influence as well as of dignity, and it is 264 not unlikely that the interests of the fisheries of New Brunswick will receive in future greater attention than they have in the past. The Nova Scotia Government has recently appointed a Director of Fisheries, and the New Brunswick Govern- ment might do worse than to institute an enquiry as to why the provincial fisheries showed a decline last year. If technical education will help in the solution of the problem of developing the fisheries of New Brunswick, Mr. Magee may be trusted to give the matter his attention. According to the St. John Times, Hon. Mr. Magee is the father of technical education and vocational training in New Brunswick. Mr. Magee was elected to the Legislature of New Brunswick in 1916, and at the first session he made a very strong speech in the House, advocating provision for technical education and vocational training for the young people of the province. As a result of his energetic advocacy the Foster Government promptly appointed a commit- tee, with Mr. Magee as chairman, to submit a report on the subject. This committee made an investigation of the systems of technical education in the other provin- ces and in the United States, and at the next session of the Legislature it submitted a report, and also a bill providing for the introduction of of technical educa- tion and vocational training in New Brunswick. The House adopted the bill, and a Provincial Board, with Mr. Magee as chairman was formed, and empowered to establish facilities for technical education in the province. Although only a little over two years have elapsed since this Board was formed, provision has already been made for the technical education and voea- tional training of more than 1,000 young people, and the work ofthe new schools has attracted a great deal of favorable attention. ‘‘The service rendered by Mr. Magee in connection with this great forward movement in education in the’ province has been of the highest value,’’ observed the St. John Times when commenting on the appointment of Mr. Magee as a Minister of the Crown. When Premier Foster called upon Mr. Magee to enter his government, his action was received with general satisfaction throughout the province. The St. John Globe, perhaps the most influential journal in the provinee, strongly commended the appointment, and said: ‘‘A successful business man, Mr. Magee, quietly took an outstanding place in the Legislature, establishing himself in the confidence of the public. He brought to the consideration of all legislative prob- lems the level-headed, practical knowledge of a keen, progressive and broad-minded man of business, desirous of doing right and having rights done. His call to the government is a guarantee that the Premier is deter- mined to have the advice of the ablest and strongest men in the House and assurance will rule the deliberas * tions and actions of the government.’’ The St. John Standard, an Opposition organ, which seldom allows any merit in its political opponents, was constrained to say: “The Hon, Fred Magee is one of the soundest busi- ness men on the Government side of the House, and his appointment.will strengthen the Foster administration, ’ Mr. Magee is president of Fred Magee Ltd., which carries-on an important fish business with headquarters at Port Elgin, N.B., and is interested in other enter- prises. CANADIAN FISHERMAN ‘small stream. ' natural spawning grounds were -well-seeded. Salm since 1908, “but to the whole Canadian industry. December, 1920 : B. C. HATCHERIES HAVE IMPROVED FISHERIES, - STATES SUPERINTENDENT RODD. t The flourishing condition of the spawning beds in) the districts where hatcheries are operated in British Columbia, in comparison with the condition of the beds — where hatcheries are not located, is convincing evid- ence of the benefits that are being derived from arti-_ ficial fish culture in that province, declares J. A. Rodd, Superintendent of Fish Culture, Ottawa. This season there is an extremely heavy run of ; sockeye to the Birkenhead river, and while the final — returns are not in from the other localities on the ; lower part of the Fraser, where hatcheries are operat- — ed, there is an increased run in all streams. In com- parison with this very satisfactory condition, the upper — reaches of the Fraser are almost barren of spawning — fish. At Rivers Inlet the pack of salmon this season ex- ceeded all previous records; 151,273 cases of sockeye were put up as against 44, 936 eases in 1916, and 61 v9: eases in 1917. In the Anderson lake and Kennedy lake pera Vancouver Island, a larger number of salmon are on the spawning grounds than has been the case for — several years past. a When hatchery operations were commenced, fifteen — years ago at the Lakelse lake hatchery, Skeena River, | difficulty was experienced in filling the hatchery, — which at that time had a capacity of about four and a quarter million eggs. This season nearly 8,000,000 eggs were collected, and in addition the ‘natural spawning grounds were remarkably well-seeded. It is estimated by the local officers that sufficient salmon entered Lakelse lake this. season to supply at least three times the previous collection of any single year. The abnormal freshets, however, damaged the fences, — and a large number of the earlier salmon ascended and dispersed to the spawning grounds at the head waters — of the different creeks where they could not be se- cured for hatchery purposes. A tremendous run of salmon has also been established in the creek that sup-_ plies the Babine hatchery with water, and in some recent years the full supply for the hatehery of some 7,000,000 eggs has been taken in ‘this compe { a PRIS TH Aue een Tn, The condition of both the Skeena and the F rivers this season is very encouraging. In the first mentioned not only was the pack of salmon greater than that: of 1916, the corresponding year of the pre- ceeding four years’ cycle, but a larger quantity of egg: was collected for the hatcheries, and in addition th were again seen in the Shuswap district in considerab numbers, and it is estimated that there are 1 salmon on the spawning grounds than there have According to Mr, John P. Babcock, Deputy Com sioner of Fisheries for British Columbia, more so salmon passed through Hell’s Gate in the Fraser R Canyon above Yale and reached the spawning beds | the upper lake seetion of the Fraser basin than in an other season during the last five lean years. SCHOONER RACES GRAND PUBLICITY, — The fishing schooner race was productive of fir st. class publicity, not only to the fisheries of Nova Se oti ; : December, 1920 The announcement that the Government of France had decided to prohibit the export of fish, made in the press despatches recently, is of more than passing in- terest to Canada; that is, if the report is true. So far I have noticed no reference to the matter in La Péche _ Maritime and I imagine such an important change in French fishing poliey would oceupy the attention of _ that little journal for more than one or two issues _ which have not turned up. That the Government of France in the hope of helping the situation created by the abnormal increase in the cost of living has been considering for some the matter of prohibiting the export of certain foodstuffs is well known, and it is very probable that it has prohibited the export of certain varieties of fish. Tf the Government has placed an embargo on the _ export of all kinds of fish, then France has reversed a policy of encouraging the export of fish which has been followed for many years; and the consequences should be of considerable importance to Canada and Newfoundland and help to remove the spirit of pessim- ism which appears to have settled on the fishing in- dustry. In order to encourage the deep sea fisheries and assure a supply of skilled seaman for its naval reserve, France has for many years paid bounties to vessel owners as well as to fishermen, the bounty going to the vessel owner being based on the amount of cod exported to foreign countries. In his book La Péche Maritime, Joseph Kerzoneuf, who recently resigned from the position of Chief of the Fisheries Service, says that over a period of years before the war the bounties paid in connection with the deep sea fisheries CANADIAN FISHERMAN French Fish Export Embargo By COLIN MeKAY. represented about ten per cent of the total value of the catch of these fisheries, and that the exports upon which the vessel owners received bounties averaged twenty-four per cent of the total quantity of eod taken by the deep sea fishermen. France’s most important markets for salt cod were Italy, Spain and Greece; on the average she sold to Italy 10,000,000 pounds of eod; to Greece 3,000,000 pounds and to Spain 2,500,000 pounds. The French bounty system gave French cod an advantage of ten per cent in the markets of these and other countries. If the French Government has reversed this old policy and prohibited the export of fish, then Canada and Newfoundland have a bountyfed competitor the less in the markets of the southern Europe. Unfortun- ately it does not follow that they can gain any imme- diate advantage thereby, because the exchange situa- tion restricts the purchasing power of Europe. But if this change in policy has been made, a return to the system of paying bounties on the export of fish is un- likely, and Canada may hope to obtain a better position in future in the markets of southern Europe when its demand for fish there becomes more effective. And this it must do in some way forf the replenishments of the cattle herds of Europe must take time. The French Government is now working on plans for the encoura- gement of the fisheries, but these have for their object the provision of a greater supply of fish for home con- sumption. And there has been much criticism of the old French fisheries policy, which was based on the idea that the fishing fleets were a nursery of the navy. It is claimed in some quarters that this policy has out- lined its usefulness, since modern navies require skilled mechanies rather than sailors. There is perhaps no subject connected with the fish- industry of more importance than cold storage. In his country the demand is predominantly for fresh opposed to cured fish, and it is only by refrigera- on that our fish can be kept fresh through the period transportation and handling from the producer to the distant consumer, as well as through the year from ‘one producing period to the next. It is a matter of regret that the current methods of fish refrigeration are not perfectly successful, and that from time to time complaints are made of more or less heavy losses of fish in cold storage. These complaints have been he stimulus for investigations of the changes that tuke ‘place in fish during refrigeration. _ Clark and Almy of Philadelphia have recently been ' ng the chemical changes that occur in weakfish e of 5 deg. F. and were later kept at a tem- of 15 deg. F. Untreated fish became un- bluefish. The fish were frozen in air at a tem- ~ Cold Storage Investigations By Dr. A. G. HUNTSMAN. marketable in four months owing to drying and con- sequent shrinkage. When wrapped in semi-parch- ment paper the loss of moisture was not quite so rapid, but still considerable. Repeated glazing, although it did not altogether prevent evaporation of the water, nevertheless held it back to a considerable extent, so that the fish were little altered in appearance even after the lapse of ten months. Nevertheless, changes had tuken place in the fish, for there had been a definite loss of moisture. However, in fish kept in storage for two years the loss was not so great during the second year as during the first. They believe that even less change would have taken place if the tem- perature had been 5 deg. or 10 deg. F. lower, as is usually the case commercially. The proportions of the various foodstuffs in the fish showed no appreciable changes, yet changes in the character of these foodstuffs did take place. The proteins or ‘‘lean’’ part of the flesh became altered 266 CANADIAN so that more amino-acid, amine and ammonia were found, the result, doubtless, of the breaking down of the complex proteins, this indicating that to that ex- tent the fish had aged or become stale. On the whole, the bluefish were more affected than the weakfish, which were fatter than the former. Whether these alterations were due to autolysis, that is automatic changes in the flesh, or to the action of bacteria, could not be stated. Some of the weakfish were put in storage ‘‘in the round’’ without removing the viscera, that is ungutted. Comparison with others that had been gutted but otherwise treated the same, showed that the alteration was greater in the ungutted fish. Yet up to 13 months the ungutted fish were practiec- ally no staler than those that had been gutted. The most striking effect of storage was shown by the fat or oils, and naturally it was shown more by the fat weakfish than by the lean bluefish. The change consisted in a marked increase in the ‘‘acid- value’’ of the fats, which began to be most noticeable after 8 months or a year in storage. Glazing or wrap- ping the fish seemed to have no effeét upon it. This ageing or staling process in the fats. was necessarily slow at such low temperatures, so that there was no rancid flavour even after a year in storage. The flavour of the cooked fish showed no indication of these ageing processes during the first 13° or 16 months of storage, but after longer periods there was an undesirable change in the flavour. After two years storage both kinds of fish became distinctly unpalat- able, although it should be noted that less change would probably have been observed if the temperature had been nearer the usual commercial one. EATS FISH THAT IS SEVEN YEARS OLD. Inventor says he has discovered process of preserving fish for indefinite period. An electrical process for the preservation of fish for an indefinite period, and in such a mamner as to main- tain all its nutritive properties is an invention of a fish merchant in Grimsby, England, that has attracted considerable attention. The fresh fish is apparently submitted to a process which instantly drives every particle of moisture out of it, and makes it as dry as a bone, and as hard as a rock. In this condition it is impervious to the ravages of time, yet on being immersed in water for three days it becomes like fresh fish again. While the scheme has not been demonstrated in this country, the inventor has secured patents in all countries, and is apparently satisfied with the success of his invention. The value of the invention, it is sug- gested, lies in the fact that the great quantities of fish caught, and hitherto wasted, or thrown back into the sea because of a glut or because of no market at all, can be rapidly eured and made available for sale throughout the country at a cheap rate. In its dried form it seems the fish can be milled - being the to a fine flour, which, the inventor says, upon mixed with water assumes the properties of original fish. o demonstrate the efficacy of this scheme the in- ventor recently dined upon cod cattght seven years ago, and dried in his early experiments. WESTERN FISH HATCHERIES INSPECTED. Fisheries Engineer, Mr. Chas. Bruce, has recently returned from an inspection of western hatcheries and reports prospects promising for a successful season. FISHERMAN December, 1920 At Dauphin River and Gull Harbour on Lake Win- | nipeg, where the Department operated large hatcheries for the propagation of white-fish, everything was in — readiness for the coming operations. The pound-nets — that are operated by the Department at Dauphin — River for the capture of parent fish were set and ready to fish at a moment’s notice, and the enclosures _ in which the fish are held until ready to spawn were in position. Both these hatcheries-have been thoroughly | repaired during the summer, and the buildings at the former repainted. ay At Dauphin river a survey was made under the di- rection of the Public Works Department for a much needed wharf and construction is now being proceeded with by that Department. ‘are The hatchery at Winnipeg osis is also underwent ex- tensive repairs during the summer. All equipment is now in good condition and nets were being operated for the retention of parent fish. at en _ The Qu’Appelle hatchery on the Qu’Appelle lakes was thoroughly repaired and a new brick chimney erected to replace the iron stacks that had rusted out. At Banff hatchery surveys were made with a view to enlarging the ponds for the rearing of fish beyond the fry stage. This hatchery is situated in the Dom- — inion Park at Banff, and is one of the chief attractions to tourists at that place. oe ae RECORD OF BANFF HATCHING. _ The Banff hatchery during the season 1920 released in splendid condition 1.214,724 fingerlings, consist- ing largely of rainbow trout and cut-throat trout. All these fish had been under the care of the hatchery, a The distribution also included 175,000 Atlantie sal- mon, distributed in Lake Minnewanka. This dis- tribution of fingerlings doubled that of 1919, and is ~_ the largest and most successful distribution that has been made for a long time. 1%) Ne K RECORD WHITEFISH EGG COLLECTION. | The largest previous collection of whitefish eggs in Georgian Bay for the Collingwood hatchery was ex- ceeded this year by 10,000,000. These eggs were all taken at French river, 80,000,000 were placed in the Collingwood hatehery, and 10,500,000 transferred to the Kingsville hatchery, Lake Erie. 4 The collection in 1919 amounted to 54,060,000. NEWFOUNDLAND COD CATCH. The catch of cod is estimated to be materially than last year, but as the season is later than us is it not yet known what prices the fish will fe Values during the past season show a decline ar foreign markets for dried cod are irregular. Weather conditions during the collection of sockey eggs in Babine lake district this season were unusua bad, and the run of sockeye salmon to the head the lake was not up to the average of recent yea consequently the collection of eggs for hatchery pu poses was not as large as last season. It is encoura ing, however, to note that although the collection was — not as large the spawning grounds in the district were q well-seeded naturally. ————e ee 1920 CANADIAN December, FISHERMAN “The Canadian Fisherman,” Pacific Coast Branch, will formation in any way connected with the fishing industry. for publication. Winch Building., Vancouver, B.C., Canada. PACIFIC COAST SECTION Address communications to F. E. Payson, Pacific Coast Representative, Industrial & Educational Press, Ltd., 528 be glad to have inquiries from any one who wishes in- We would also appreciate items of fishing news suitable IT WILL BE CHIEF INSPECTOR OF FISHERIES, J. A. MOTHERWELL, AFTER DECEMBER 3ist. Confirmation of the appointment of Major J. A. Motherwell as Chief Inspector of Fisheries for British Columbia has been received in Vancouver from the Department of Marine and Fisheries. Major Mother- well sueceeds Col. F. H. Cunningham whose retirement takes place December 31st. The appointment which is most logical and a very popular one is not a surprise to those engaged in the industry as the appointment was forecasted by Hon. ©. ©. Ballantyne, Minister of Fisheries during his visit here last Fall. Ever since his connection with the department, which dates back to 1914, Major Motherwell has been a most competent official and has carried on his duties with great concientousness, and to the satisfaction of all concerned and his promotion is well deserved. In 1916, Major Motherwell went overseas with the 131st New Westminster battalion and in 1918 he was in- valided home after being badly wounded while in active service. The Canadian Fisherman wishes all success to the Major upon the appointment to his new position. INSPECTION OF FISH CANNERIES SECTION OF THE MEAT AND CANNED FOODS ACT TO BE ENFORCED. No special inspection ruling has been made as re- gards eanned fish, but the Dominion Fisheries Dept. has decided to enforce the present section of the Meat and Canned Foods Act as applied to the inspection of canneries, and the intention now is to have a sufficient number of inspectors available to inspect each cannery at all times during the canning season. If this act is properly enforced as regards the ecan- ning of fish there is no reason why any pack of canned fish, when carrying with it a guarantee of inspection under the Canadian Meat and Canned Foods eats FH . cma ww RFE | [| |G) $898 |* [2 |=]g) | |e =a) ze ils] elm le | el Sire] iz i eezeea] gp © bce We mew Hi Ue eee) ce Le ea aed tl Faaeee + a i muses $7 (|| )8) B88 (8/8 | (281M) |] |/s" 4) 225 |s[8] e722 ee ila) ae ie jz teh aaezey § 8 Hae |j | soe TTTP ITT MY SO TRRER TAT TSY TTT TTY SPE TRY STI TITTAN FETTIETINSY SERRE ST -ghsgas |S) pom EY] ] i] iG) SR USRRE IRL iS PLLLU EA 282118) BUTLT LITE GiLEE UNO) PS iREGT pepe el y : ae ii oe cue sity 8 C14 Sata : ae msrines td: eommee HTT CULES) PE EE EE aa: '9 Bmmewes Fil) LUM FL LILES] PULiRL LHe] 7 sete] THiS PTTL) BELL RD g4*2ee] g hea | | “ome SRSHEREE/§) SSECHSEEEES/O| =] g****14) Gegerqy queaeeger |g) geee*araeiay waayes | mows (ILI UTLTT VUE Te CEE Sed ee wma wm S5S°Q8GE|§) FSGSERRESSE |g) & | (gee /g) gee |* 1B) 5 [mBEmH | |I§] FEE [8 |S 8) B8EREE| § ben, 2. fC SOeepnOp UP MeLAnOCHEOREI ME NEOUNAIN MMBEOD) RI MEOAU ART $1. (QU UUNTHERIO War HOt (ame Fee : vua us JERREGE|9 8°51) || |2*8)6 PEPE yy 8782 ik g38°95 |*1§ BES 88°88) § #57253) 4 ‘ae 3 +7 cae 3 = a ~~ wome SEEEEGGS §) SEESHSEGONE||) GEESEEHEUa) EEG2]E| SPE" HSE) QERPPGYTIN) HEEEEz) oman 3358 sea PORSESSISN+/G) ESEEEE8)g) SSG8E/S) SUPT 11/18) ESESIEEIIIN 99595819 SB omeme RIN SEUUTLLUTCME) SRULLEL a) SUC TEI) CLL} aaa § 2 ca ae #8 1 8)8) S12B iaaly] 1858 9} 81811788 drag #9993) § M3 tdanl! | I Wala laa Wi] 1 i sy 1 ila stl A aa a linet 1 fab in hak iat ti ate Hil Hee Bh ST See be ti Laval Ib efedidl GEN) sstuHiuid IEMA ; 270 CANADIAN D. H. ROSS AUSTRALIAN TRADE COMMISSIONER ON CANADIAN FISH IN AUSTRALIA. In line with its up-to-date commercial intelligence, the weekly bulletin of the Department of Trade and Commerce. dated November 22nd, No. 877, has a most exhaustive article entitled ‘‘Australian Market For Fish Products’, by Australian Trade Commissioner D. H. Ross. The writer had the pleasure of assisting Mr. Ross in placing much valuable information before the members of the fishing industry in British Colum- bia while he was in Vancouver just.about one year ago. One remark that Mr. Ross made impressed all that heard it and that was sell your goods as ‘“‘CAN- ADIAN GOODS’’. Not any one section but as a whole no matter what section they are produced in, as the Aus- tralian knows Canada as a whole. This statement was not only a statement of fact, but it was also a state- ment along strong national business lines. The article referred to is most exhaustive and should be read earefully by every one in the industry that is interested in the market of our sister dominion, With the new Government line now in operation, and plenty of refrigeration space to be had there is no excuse if the Canadian Fishing firms do not build up the market that is open to them. Such reports ara worth a great deal and Mr. Ross deserves great credit in compiling the amount of in- formation contained in this one. Another thing to bear in mind is that all the trade commissioners are only to ready to furnish information to those who will write for it, and Mr. Ross spoke of this particularly when he was in Vancouver. If you have not received the weekly report referred to you should write for it. NO MOTOR BOATS FOR NO. 2 DISTRICT FOR 1921. After careful consideration of the question the Dom- inion Fisheries Department has decided that there shall be no change in the regulations as to the operations of motor boats in district No. 2. This takes in the Skeena River fishing area. WHY MAKE DOUBLE HANDLING OF ORIENTAL SALT HERRING NECESSARY ? With the majority of the salt herring pack for the Orient packed on Barclay, why should it be necessary to bring the finished product to Vancouver at an extra cost of $5.75 per ton, when this rate might be saved by having the Trans-Pacific steamers call at Barclay Sound? Every dollar saved at this end will mean an incentive to have the demand for this product increased, This season has seen a more concerted plan for the standardization of the Oriental salt herring pack, and if this movement among the white packers continues, and all parties get together and create some plan whereby the prices may be stabilized for the next season’s pack, there will spring up an industry that will rival the canned salmon industry as to volime. Like every other industry that has been organized on a business basis, where all concerned work in unity the firms engaged in this industry may create a de- mand far in excess of any yet shown, when they are able to show a standardization pack handled under proper conditions and through the right channels of trade. As the writer stated in a previous issue of the ‘‘Canadian Fisherman,”’ the closer the packers can get to the consumer and, at the same time, have proper distributing arrangements made, the surer they will be of stabilizing the prices of their product. By this FISHERMAN December, 1920 is not meant the elimination of the broker or whole- * saler who has proper connection in the Orient, but the elimination of that broker who has no connections — there but who will sell to some firms in San Francisco, — Portland or Seattle and, therefore, create a fictitous — price. Ut ae pe If arrangements can be made for Trans-Pacific steamers to call at Barclay Sound, there will be very — little chance of rate cutting in this respect, as the packers would much prefer to ship by a standard line — than by some tramp line, on steamers which could no guarantee of careful stowing of the cargo for a1 rival in proper shape. The conditions regarding rates this year are in keeping with other unsettled conditions. ‘‘ONE FEELS INCLINED TO ASK WHAT KIND OF AN EMPIRE IS THIS ANYWAY ?”’ MR. F. C. WADE’S QUESTION. og The following is a copy of the letter addressed by Mr. F. C. Wade, Agent General for British Columbia — to the London Times. The entire subject matter - 4 well worth consideration by all concerned in 4 with the Mother Country. f November 22nd, 1920. Dear Sir Campbell Stuart, eee With a view to calling attention to the pernicious — preference by the United Kingdom of the United — States over Canada in commercial matters, I suggested to Col. Grant Morden that he put a question on the — paper in the House of Commons. This. was done and — I enclose question and reply as they appear in Hansard. Unfortunately the question was overlooked or ignor- ed by your Parliamentary reporter and the publicity — sought for was lost. ae 2 The present situation is about as follows: We hold — pretentious dinners at which we extol the advantages — of Empire and the benefits of inter-Imperial trade. _ That is the post-prandial side. i et The Practical Side is Rather Different: Embargo on Canadian. cattle ; Control of Canadian bacon; Control of Canadian fruit; Control of Canadian salmon; ok j British trade with Canada transacted through Unit- ed States Agents in New York. ‘ Be ‘ In other words, a very fair attempt to exclude Can- — ada from the British market and from participation — in British business. There is Still Another Side: No control of United States canned meats; = Complete freedom to Germany to flood the country with’toys and everything else that might afford w for our unemployed, a quarter of a million of whom saved the country from German savagery. Joel Tt will not do to reply that the control of necessar is required to keep prices down. Look at wheat! One feels inclined to ask what kind of an Empire this anyway? Even at this late date, if there is any way of getting — publicity in ‘‘The Times’’ for Colonel Grant Morden’s — question and answer it would no doubt be very useful — in ealling attention to a stupid and unpatriotic practice which cannot be too soon ended. a Yours very truly, (S¢d.) F. C, WADE, Agent General for British Columbia. — Sir Campbell Stuart, KBE, q Managing Editor, ‘‘The Times”’, Printing House Square, EB, C, 4. __ December, 1920 ee «(EXTRACT FROM BRITISH PARLIAMENTARY 2 HANSARD.). aa Trade with Canada. ___ LIEUT. COL. MORDEN asked the Parliamentary _ Secretary to the Overseas Trade Department if he is _.aware that it is the practice of many of the manu- -facturers and business firms of the United Kingdom _ to transact their Canadian business through New York or other American agents instead of appointing Can- adian agents for British-Canadian business; if he is aware that this is resented in Canada and is leading ' to loss of orders that would otherwise come to the _ United Kingdom; and whether he will take steps to _ bring before British business firms the importance, both from the Imperial point of view and for their own benefit, of utilizing the service of Canadian agents. _ MR. KELLAWAY: This matter has been engaging “my attention for some time past. The Department’s representatives in Canada have been asked to call atten- tion to cases where trade is lost to this country as a result of the employment by British firms of United States agents for the purpose of trade with Canada. _ Representations have been made to some of these firms, and as a result they have substituted Canadian agents. Every opportunity is being taken of bringing to the _ notice of manufacturers and merchants concerned the advantage of transacting Canadian business through Canadian agents. _ PLANNING TO BUILD UP FRASER RIVER IN 7 SECTIONS WHERE RUNS HAVE BEEN DESTROYED. At an informal meeting held in Seattle Nov. 19th and 20th, at which were present canners from Puget Sound, _ Alaska and British Columbia, as well as fishery officials and others interested in the salmon industry, matters of importance to every one concerned were discussed. _ Messrs. Henry Doyle, of the Northern B. C. Fisheries _ Ltd., and Mr. H. B. Bell-Irving, of the H. Bell-Irving - €o. Ltd., of Vancouver, B.C., represented the British _- Columbia canners. 4 The matter which was taken up of most importance to those engaged in the salmon canning industry in _ British Columbia, and this takes in every one that is _ at allinterested in the industry, whether they are fisher- men, cannerymen or firms furnishing the industry with supplies, was that of the suggested plan to build up _ the upper reaches of the Fraser River above Hell Gate. _ Mr. Henry Doyle, who takes a great interest in all _ matters connected with the propagation of salmon, has _ done much to arouse the interest of all who are in- _ terested in the rebuilding of the sockeye run on the __ Fraser, and he deserves great credit for bringing this matter to a head. _ After a careful discussion of the entire matter the _ meeting decided that the services of Mr. R. E. Clanton, Fish Warden for the State of Oregon, should be secured _ to make a survey of the upper reaches of the Fraser _ River with the idea of establishing a system of rearing _ ponds, similar to those now being operated at the _ Bonneville Hatchery in Oregon. With such rearing _ ponds in operation, it is felt that it would only be a _ Matter of time before the sockeye run on the Fraser, - would again be as large as it ever was and in fact far _ exceed previous runs. It was agreed that the expenses of this survey would be borne by those engaged in the _ industry both in the state of Washington and British _ Columbia. . b. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 271 The survey will be made as early in the Spring as it is possible to cover the ground. If it is found feasible to carry out the project it is planned to commence operations at once and secure the eggs from the 1921 fish, which is the year of the big run, and then results would be secured by 1925 or in the year of the next big run. It was at Hell Gate that the big slide took place, which many believe was the real cause of the big depletion of the sockeye in the Fraser, and it is above this point in the upper reaches of the River that it is planned to carry out the project which, is is hoped, will result in a revival of the big cannery operations on the river, Previous numbers of the ‘‘Canadian Fisherman” have contained descriptions of the methods employed at Bonneville Hatchery and the rearing ponds at- tached to it. It means that the young fry are held in the rearing ponds until they are at least a year old, and then they are large enough to take care of themselves on their way down the river, after they have been released. PROPOSED THAT TRAPS ON AMERICAN SIDE BE NOT OPERATED NEXT SEASON. At the meeting of the canners held in Seattle Nov. 19th and 20th, a resolution*was adopted that traps be not operated in American waters next season on the condition that the present holders of trap licenses be granted an extension of their privileges for one year. The two principal reasons for the passing of this recom- mendation were that the canning interests were over- stocked with salmon, particularly the cheaper grades, and also it was to the interest of the industry that more fish be allowed to reach their spawning grounds. CAPT. D. BARRY PURCHASES THE PAULINE J. After ten years as Captain of the steam halibuter Celestial Empire, Capt. D. Barry decides to become ‘skipper of an independent fishing boat, and has pur- chased the gasoline boat Pauline J., 51 feet over all, 12 foot 7 inch beam, and with a depth of 7 feet; the Pauline J. is powered with a Union gasoline engine. Of sturdy construction she will answer for halibut fishing, towing or charter work. Capt. Barry has many friends both in Vancouver and Victoria and is a well known figure along the water front. Twenty-nine years on the coast here the Cap- tain is one of the old timers. Beginning in 1891, the Captain spent seven years sealing out of Victoria, then three years in the Klondike and after that halibut fishing, the past ten years of which he has been cap- tain of the halibut steamer Celestial Empire, first when operated by the Canadian Halibut Co., and since the steamer was purchased by the Canadian Fishing Co. Ltd., he has been in their service. Captain Barry’s many friends wish him well in his new venture. NEW SMOKE HOUSE FOR VANCOUVER. Mr. Charles Anderson is preparing to build a new smoke house at the Foot of Gore Ave., in Vancouver. Mr. Anderson had his plant destroyed by fire some time ago and has been operating in temporary quar- ters at the Foot of Gore Ave. One of the old timers in the industry in Vancouver Mr. Anderson turns out one of the best lines of cured fish on the market. 272 CANADIAN PRINCE RUPERT FISHING NOTES. Little news to report with regard to the industry at this time. The small halibut vessels are nearly all tied up for the winter months and the only vessels fishing are the big Seattle schooners. These vessels are bring- ing down the usual big winter hauls of thin spawny halibut from the Northern Alaska grounds. The Booth, Pacific and Atlin Fish Companies have received notice to vacate their present quarters on the G. T. P. Dock and all three have arranged with the Provincial Government for space on their dock which has recently been extended. The notice to move ex- pires this month but it will be well into January be- fore the new fish houses are ready. A big ocean dock extending for about 1,000 feet is to be erected by the G.T.P. starting from Booth’s location — this is the reason for the three companies being given notice to vacate. TRAWLER JAMES CARRUTHERS BEING REPAIRED AT VICTORIA. The trawler James Carruthers which collided with the U. 8. S. Surveyor some weeks ago and afterwards was beached to escape sinking will require a new stern and stern frame, new keel and fifty steel plates. She is now in dry dock at Yarrow’s shipyard in Vic- toria where the repairs will be made. Owing to the financial difficulties that are being encountered at the Prince Rupert Dry Dock this move was necessary. MAJOR MOTHERWELL RETURNS FROM OTTAWA. Major J. A. Motherwell, Asst. Chief Inspector of ‘Fisheries for British Columbia returned from Ottawa the first week in December where he has been on of- ficial business with the retiring Chief Inspector F. H. Cunningham. Matters in connection with the 1921 regulations were taken up while the officials were at headquarters. Major Motherwell did not receive official notice of his appointment to the office of Chief Inspector, which takes place on Jan. Ist until after his return to Van- couver. COL. CUNNINGHAM MAY MAKE TOUR OF EUROPE AND LECTURE ON SALMON. It has been suggested that Col. F. H, Cunningham, Chief Inspector of Fisheries, who retires from that office on December 31st. shall make a lecture tour of the United Kingdom and the continent. To emphasize the food value of the chum and pink salmon would be the purpose of the tour, and the canners are now wait- ‘ing to hear from Col. Cunningham, who has been in Ottawa conferring with Hon. C. C. Ballantyne, Minis- ter of Fisheries. Equipped with many years experience in the salmon fishing industry and knowing salmon from the spawning period to the finished product ready for the table. Col. Cunningham is the best man that could be selected for just such a tour. In connec- tion with the tour it has been suggested that moving pictures be used as a part of the lecture equipment. Just at a time when a larger market is desired for the lighter colored grades of salmon sueh a tour would accomplish an enormous amount of good. If the market for these grades could be broadened it would mean an added value to the product of the fisheries of British Columbia, and every means should be taken to accomplish this. Col. Cunningham is expected back in Vancouver about the middle of December when his decision will be known. ‘variety of fish as a stepping stone to sell the other FISHERMAN what they had to say gece conditions of market at the present time answered, ‘‘ Absolutely nothing.’’ After conversing with different ones th are interested from different angles, Canners, Broker ete., it seems as if ‘‘ Absolutely Nothing’’ was a m good answer to the question. Practically nothing moving, and the canners te the brokers it is useless to give them any quota as they know they cannot come back with an 0 There may be a few sales at low figures but the dency is to hold off on any drop in prices on the lo grades until after the first of the year and see if ditions do not brighten up somewhat. All sockeyes ar off the market, and it is now the lower grades that ar being held. ; Just now it is a quiet time in the canned fish b ness under ordinary conditions and with conditions they are at present it makes things much worse. dt as soon as things get straightened out and the wor conditions are in better shape the canned fish bus ness will have: an enormous impetus. Greater de mand, better transportation conditions from British Columbia and a harder drive for new markets will 1 ees help to bring anout this growth. IT IS NOT Goop SALESMANSHIP TO ONE VARIETY OF FISH AT THE EXPENSE OF ANOTHER. In a recent press notice dated Ottawa, Dr. Edwe Prince is quoted as saying ‘‘The inferior sélmon w is of rich red color, brings the best price and takes first place in the Canadian Market.’’ Why use Ly varieties? All the salmon canners in British Colm bia are anxious to find a larger market for the lighte colored varieties of salmon, but the feeling is that is not necessary to knock ‘the red meated salmon accomplishing this. True salesmanship lies in talking about the icular article you are ‘endeavoring to sell and not a some other article. Publicity is one method of advertising and adver ising is printed salesmanship. The canned packers are anxious to broaden out the market for ° os lighter colored salmon. It has been proven ‘that | é lighter colored salmon have enormous food ue, and at the prices these may be had by the publie th are getting one of the most economical foods ob: able. With these facts before you there is a wond ful opportunity for all concerned to build up sa talks that will ultimately create a market in Cana for both the pinks and chums that has never b dreamed of. And this may be done without or mentioning any other variety of salmon. Dr. Prince’s department no doubt ean furnish ° valuable information that may be used in arranging as selling talk for the lighter colored varieties of salm and it will be found that no other iting need mentioned. Talk the food +abtiog of the light colored salmon, saving in cost as compared with meat and points sue as this and it will be found there is ample room building up selling talks of comparisons without com: peting with any other variety of fish. The day of the light colored canned salmon is at hand and the building up of the new trade should be handled with great care to make it sound and manent. . 3 - December, 1920 CANADIAN _ IS THERE ANY REASON FOR DISCRIMINATION _ IN FREIGHT RATES ON CANADIAN CANNED SALMON AS COMPARED WITH U. 8. CANNED SALMON. The following figures tell their own story. It is __ hoped that an early change in these rates will be made. _ .@anadian shippers of canned salmon should not be _ handicapped by Canadian Transportation Companies, when competing with U. S. canned salmon. ay ‘Comparative Rates. wars December 10th, 1920. ‘- 70,000 60,000 40,000 United States (Seattle via G.N.R. to Phil- adelphia New York.$1.161% 1.21 (Prince Rup- ert and Vancouver, C.P.R. and C.N.R.) to Toronto, Mont- 1,42 : 137% 1.42 Canadian Excess... 21 21 United States (Seattle, - © GNR. to Philadel- a New York, 1.58% 16% per 100 lbs. MIRON othe -$1.16% 1.21 1.42 @anada (Prince Rup- ert and Vancouver, C.P.R. and C.N.R.) to Halifax 1.601% 1.6514 1.82 eS We ee Excess... 44 444% 40 per 100 Ibs. A ease of 48 1 Ib. tall tins of can salmon weighs gross 72 Ibs. HALIBUT PRICES FLUCTUATE. During the first part of November halibut prices ’ last week in November the prices dropped to 10e and 6c. They are now 16e and 1le (Dec. 10th). There was - a sudden glut in every port on the Pacifie Coast that is in the habit of having halibut landed. Ketchikan, _ Prinee Rupert, Vancouver and Seattle all had arrivals and all at about the same time. The result was a _ sudden drop in prices. The result is an averaging up of prices for the past month, and today they are - back to normal. The weather has been seasonable. _ GANADIAN EXPORTS TO FRANCE SUBJECT TO * TARIFF DUTIES OF THAT COUNTRY 7 AFTER DECEMBER 10th. __ After December 10th all Canadian importations into _ Franee are subject to the general tariff duties of that _ ¢country. This includes canned salmon and now it _ seems that United States firins have made sales to _ French firms at dumping prices. Owing to the failure _ of the negotiations between the Canadian and French _ governments for the renewal of the preferential tariff __ in its relation to canned salmon the Canadian eanned _ salmon industry is at a disadvantage. It is to be hoped that the two governments may be able to come to some understanding at an early date, as the canned _ Salmon industry is not in any too strong a position at ‘the present time, and the placing of the Canadian “sega at a disadvantage as regards the French mar- _ ket makes matters a lot worse. reached 23c. per lb. at Prince Rupert, and during the - FISHERMAN 273 MR. L. B. DOUGLAS RETIRES AS SECRETARY OF ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC FISHERIES. At the banquet given by the Association of Pacific Fisheries at Seattle on November 19th to members of- the association and their friends Mr. L. B. Douglas was presented with a sword in recognition of his ser- viees as secretary of the Association. Mr. Douglas is leaving to enter the quartermaster’s department of the United States Army, and it is understood will be stationed in Seattle. Mr. Douglas was one of the interested delegates to the Canadian Fisheries Associa- tion Convention held in Vancouver during June, and since then has done much to assist in bringing the eannerymen in British Columbia and Puget Sound together. Dr. E. D. Clark has been appointed Secret- ary of the Association to succeed Mr. Douglas. Dr. Clark will carry on his present work as Director of Pacifie Fisheries Investigation for the National Can- ners Association as well as the duties as secretary of the Association of Pacific Fisheries. VANCOUVER WHOLESALE FRESH FISH MARKET COD.—Supply good. Quotation Dec. 10, 14e Ib. SMELT.—Coming from Bellingham, selling ‘at lle per lb. a SOLES & FLOUNDERS.—Local supply arriving in good quantities and bring 8 to 10e for soles, and 5 e for flounders. CARP.—London Fish Co. have balance shipment, Sold at 12¢ per Ib. OOLACHANS are looked for from Columbia River any time now. i BLACK COD (Sable Fish) —A good supply com- ing in. HERRING.—Pair supply, 4 to 6e¢ per Ib. PINK SALMON FRY SENT FROM PACIFIC COAST TO MAINE NOW SHOWING RESULTS, The Seattle office of the United States Bureau of Fisheries has received reports from Maine that pink salmon have arrived in considerable numbers in several streams in that state. The pink salmon fry was sent from Puget Sound hatcheries several years ago and planted in different streams in Maine and for some years they have been showing up in these streams. HATCHERY OPERATIONS ON LAKE WINNIPEG. The Fisheries Department is having a wharf built at Dauphin river on Lake Winnipeg, in connection with the hatchery operations carried on at that place. During a recent inspection by the Fisheries Engin- eer, a survey was carried out under the direction of the District Engineer of Publje Works. After going into the matter fully on the ground, it was decided to locate the wharf on the site of an old existing one. The new wharf will be in the form of an ell, the shore leg being about sixty-five feet long and the other ex- tending down river a length of one hundred feet, the width on top being sixteen feet. The construction will be close-faced cribwork filled with stone ballast, and’ will be carried out under Public Works Department supervision. This wharf will provide the much needed accommod- ation for berthing the C.GS. “‘Bradbury’’, which at- tends to the needs of the hatchery, and in addition will form a protection to the retaining crates and enclosures used for holding the parent whitefish during spawning operations. 274 GRANITE CREEK HATCHERY COMPLETED. The Fisheries Department has just brought to com- pletion the construction of a salmon hatchery on the Skeena River water-shed, which has involved difficult- jes of unusual nature. The first hatchery built on this water-shed was con- structed in 1902 on Coldwater Creek, a tributary stream flowing into Lakelse River, which in turn emp- ties into the Skeena river. Owing to the nature of this stream and the fact that all the land around is alluvial deposit, constant damage was being done to the dam erected for water supply, and ‘in 1917 ab- normal freshets tore away a large portion of it as well as changing the course of the stream entirely in the vicinity. In the face of these conditions the Department con- eluded it would be advisable to select a more suitable site and build a new hatchery with all the latest and most modern appliances. A careful examination of the various streams flow- ing into Lakelse lake was made, and after due con- sideration of all conditions necessary, a site was finally located in 1918 on Granite Creek. Before any construction work could be attempted, it was necessary in the spring of 1919 to build roads into the hatchery site. The country is heavily timbered and it was ne- eessary to cut a considerable portion of this road along the steep side hill of the creek banks, which involved heavy rock work and grading in addition to the clear- ing. Considsnae progress was made in construction during the summer of 1919, but the work was impeded owing to an abnormally wet season which rendered the roads practically impassable at times. The gen- eral labour situation also tended to impede progress, materials often being delayed in transit and contract- ors unable to fill orders owing to strikes. As soon as weather conditions permitted, work was resumed in the Spring of 1920, and the construction brought to ‘completion during the summer. The hatchery at this station is a building 40 feet by 116 feet with ell 16 feet by 20 feet, walls 10 feet high and roof carried on ten trusses. The hatching equip- ment includes one hundred and twenty hatching troughs having a total capacity of ten million eggs. The hatching troughs are arranged in two rows, the full length of the building, with a passage-way or aisle between. The usual floor-gutter that is used to earry off the water is in this hatchery designed so that it can be utilized for holding and feeding fry and older fish. It is, therefore, in the form of a concrete tank 110’ long, 6’ wide, and ranging in depth from 18’’ at the upper end to 2’ at the outlet. This tank increases the fry capacity of the hatchery to a considerable extent. The other buildings include an officer’s dwelling, which is a four room bungalow, 25’ 6’’ by 30’, a dwel- ling for the staff, a two-storey, seven-room building, 25’ by 30’, and a boat-house at the lake shore with landing stage for the accommodation of the hatchery boat. All the buildings are constructed with conerete foundations and the hatchery with concrete floor throughout. Both dwellings are complete, with base- ments, hot air furnaces, and sanitary plumbing. All the work in eonnection with this construction was under the direct supervision of Mr. J. T, McHugh, fisheries resident engineer for British Columbia, to whose effort, in the face of adverse conditions, the CANADIAN FISHERMAN 'were carried on in comparatively shallow eredit for carrying them to successful comp due. Rae: Most unfavourable conditions were met with du the collection of eggs. With a view to greater manency the fences were built considerably than they ever had been in the past. Heavie erial was used with extra heavy braces on the stream side. The fences were further secure wire guys from the top of the fence to dead h the up-stream side. The fences were also ¢ higher than the old ones. Notwithstanding 1 cautions abnormal freshets over-flowed or we the fenées, allowing the salmon that had been below them to ascend and disperse to the of the streams, where they could not be see fences were replaced as quickly as possible, and to the untiring efforts of the Superintendent | staff the satisfactory collection of 7,734,000 eggs was made. The average collection. pre et ibn year was approximately four and million. Pee The story that made millions langh—that o includes ‘‘Thunder! Thar haint no sich animal! we think, a pretty good running mate in the fol more recent one. A countryman was sta fish pier where the day’s catch was being Presently a swordfish of monstrous size was up and the old fellow stared at it in wonder and ment. He positively could not believe his ger when at last he recovered himself sufficiently t it was only to exclaim:—‘‘The man that fish is a darn liar!’’—(Boston Transcript.) . Anan HATCHERY NOTES, % The collection of whitefish eggs in Lobsti Whitefish Bays, Lake of the Woods, for the hatchery was brought to a sudden close by the { ing up of the bays on November 17th. The the bays at these points froze over in one x inch in thickness. | aes Owing to the unusually mild season the fish develop as early as usual. Great suecess was however, in the matter of egg collection, being taken in these areas. In 1914 the col only 10,000,000, and the previous record was in 1918. tag Egg collecting operations at Dauphin River, | Winnipeg, were also brought to a sudden ¢ snowfall and a severe frost on November 17th. time the crates and pound-net pots in which fish were retained were covered with a about 5 inches of ice. Despite the forced sults were very satisfactory, 328,700,000 whi being obtained. This collection filled hatcheries in the district to capacity, and in a left a surplus of 24,000,000 eggs which were sen’ Kenora hatchery. The Dauphin river camp is the most successful egg-collecting stations operate the Fisheries Branch . Upwards of 50,000,000 whitefish eggs have be lected at the mouth of the Waterhen river, and p in the Winnipegosis hatchery on Snake island. lake froze on November 12th, and for four previous the weather was cold and stormy, preve! operations. The number of eggs collected h three times as great as that of last year. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 83 STORIES of the SEA AND THE Grand Bank Fishermen by FREDERICK WILLIAM WALLACE THE VIKING BLOOD A Story of Seafaring. A novel of deep-water seafaring ‘round the Horn in a four-mast barque and latterly in the Bank fisheries of Nova Scotia. A story of action with thesceneslaid in Glasgow, Vancouver, Halifax, Havana and ‘‘Eastville, N.S.” Cloth $1.75 BLUE WATER A Tale of the Deep Sea Fishermen. A second edition of this well-known novel of seafaring on the Grand Banks which has be pronounced by critics in Great Britain and Canada to be the best of its kind. Cloth $1.75 THE SHACK LOCKER Yarns of the Deep Sea Fishing Fleets A collection of short stories of hazard and adventure on the Banks, select- ed from out of the best previously published in American magazines. Cloth, $1.50 Sold at all booksellers in Canada, or from the publishers MUSSON BOOK COMPANY, Limited TORONTO, ONT. 84 CANADIAN FISHERMAN SUPER-DIAMOND TROLLING SPOON Catch the Fish When a fisherman buys a spoon he wants the following: RIGHT ACTION IN THE WATER HOOKS, RINGS & SWIVELS of HIGHEST QUALITY A SPOON WITH A HIGH POLISH All these features are embodied in the SUPER - DIAMOND SPOON The entire spoon if built to catch and. . hold the mightiest salmon on the Pacific Coast. The Super. Diamond Spoon has suc- cessfully passed the experimental stage. Hundreds of fisherman used it during the 1920 fishing season, and its popu- larity is increasing daily. Super- Diamond Spoons are made in three finishes only, Brass, Silver & Copper. Willard Hume & Co., Limited Mercantile Bldg., 318 Homer St., VANCOUVER, B.C. DISTRIBUTORS O- BRITISH COLUMBIA Yarmouth Trading Company, Limited DAY AND PICKLED Flon Fish for. Export a Specialty YARMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA — WE ARE BUYING High Grade Canned Fish Kippered Herring 4 Herring in Tomato Sauce g Canned Mackerel—Canned Clams Sardines, Lobsters etc. Quote what you have to offer Send Samples. VHAY FISHERIES co. ’ Detroit, . Mich. C.O. Julian & Co. “iis Producers and Wholesale Distributors SALT Dry for Salt Oriental Herring Export 1227 Standard Bank Bldg. VANCOUVER, British Columbia VANCOUVER, Canada. SEATTLE, US.A. |} EXPORTERS Solicit your enquiries for C.I.F. quotations, |] _ your port, on the following grades of salmon | MEDIUM REDS, PINKS, and more es: | pecially ie CHUMS. Cable ‘‘GENERAL" in the following codes: pensier, Western Union 5 letter, B. G. 5th edition. Phone HEN 720 Rosenberg HENIX PACKING CO. 837 Southern Boulevard, - Bronx, New York We buy WHITE FISH and CISCOE ROE STURGEON CAVIAR any quantity Best Market Prices. (For reference Cosmopolitan Bank of the Bronx, N.Y.) SOLE AGENT FO 2 LAMINATED WOOD SHIPS~ T. HALLIDAY B | NAVAL ARCHITECT aq ‘Ge (First Class Honors Medallist) at 706 Credit Foncier Building VANCOUVER, B.C. — a Office Phone: Sey. 9443 “II JACOBSON” SEMI-DEISEL OIL ENGINE Special Fisherman’s Engine 5 to 200 H.P. Write further information JACOBSON GAS ENGINE CO. SARATOGA SPRINGS. : . N.Y., U.S, A. E. HALLETT, BROKER FRESH AND FROZEN FISH Cerrespondence solicited Ref., Corn Exchange National Bank, or any Chicago wholesale fish concern, N. Clarke St. CHICAGO CANADIAN FISHERMAN 85 Z = . The Ranney Fish Co. ‘CHARLES NOBLE J=00 Jr (Rs y)} \\ Cleveland, ° z Ohio. WHOLESALE PRODUCERS, IMPORTERS AND SHIPPERS cai \\’ CO, J oe ee FRESH CHILLED, SMOKED, SALTED LAKE AND OCEAN Buyers of all kinds of Fl s H OY ot E R S AND C LAM S q || Lake, River and Ocean Fish 4 | Fresh, Frozen, Salted and Smoked [L In carlots or less H. R. SILVER, Ltd., | = Saye Exporters of all kinds of Fat Split Herrings : dry and pickled fish. |. New, Bright, Sound » Count 525 to 550. Large stock carried, suit- _ Packed barrels, halves |.) __ “able for all markets. Selling at exceptionally low putes Gaitex. a Nove Scotia FARQUHAR & CO., Ltd. HALIFAX, N.S. A. E. HICKMAN CO. THE OLD RELIABLE ph Limited : ; A ST. JOHN’S INARD pesca: , || Newfoundland 4 é ara ; es Exporters of all kinds of FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS Friend MEDICINAL CODLIVER OIL Is Part of the Ship’s Stores : YAR TH. - Manufacturers and Refiners of be atid sr balla as eA Fishermen are wanted to operate our newest Fi hi Automatic no bait Pishing Traps. One Trap ISMINg makes you a good living, 10 Traps will make you a rich man. Up to 200 Pound of Fish in and . One mess Traps make money for you, summer and winter. Day and night. Fishing through Hunting Gait pe et eee Cireulars of Fish and ai H E B E + i E R K | N D Hunting Traps. LOUIS GILBERT. Traps Fish & Hunting Trap Manufacturer Th C h 903 Clark Street. St. Paul Minn.,U.s. | e VLarnanan — Tin Plate & Sheet Co. CANTON, OHIO. - U.S. A. CANADIAN FISHERMAN W. Irving Atwood, BRANO ~ FINNAN HADD 31 Boston Fish Pier W. Elmer Atwood, President. Vice-President. Irving M. Atwood, Treasurer. P OF THE SEASON “ Boston, Mass. 4,6 & 8 SINGLE CYLINDER - EQUIPPED WITH WATERPROOF IGNITERS Absolutely Dependable OUTBOARD MOTORS in 6 Models Catalogues on request PERFECTION MOTOR CO. Canadian Distributors No Battery or Coil Troubles CAILLE PERFECTION MOTORS 380 St. James Street MONTREAL O.MUSTAD & SON Manufacturers of all kinds Fishermen like the MUSTADHOOK on account of their Perfect Shape, Temper and Finish Mustad nd God Hooks for this market Tinned Fishermen consider fhem fh Besf Hooks on fhe markef foday Made by: OMusfad sSonferese The Largest Manufacfurers of Fish Hooks in the World Establ. 1832. 5 % r se ey ee — ee CANADIAN WALKER’S PATENT SHIP-LOGS KNOWN THROUGHOUT THE WORLD for THEIR ACCURACY and DURABILITY WALKER’S PATENT “Cherub” II Ship-Log This well known Log is recommended for speeds up to 16 knots ALSO MAKERS OF THE TRIDENT ELECTRIC and NON-ELECTRIC SHIP- LOGS for high speeds, the “EXCELSIOR YACHT” Lo for Motor Boats and Yachts, the “ROCKET” and Al na A2 HARPOON SHIP LOGS, etc. Stocked by the eading Marine Opticians and Ship-Chandlers. THOS. WALKER & SON LTD. MAKERS TO THE LEADING NAVIES AND SHIPPING COMPANIES OF THE WORLD 58 Oxford Street - Birmingham, Eng. FISHERMAN 87 THE TRADE MARK OF QUALITY WHEN PLACED ON \LONG COATS ’ and \ SLICKERS “Takes The Wet Out of Water.” BE PREPARED. for fishermen’s needs by carrying Tower's famous Fish Brand Long Coats and Slickers. THEY ARE THE GOODS. that fishermen want,—durable, absolutely waterproof, — keep wearer bone dry. & Reasonable prices—Good profits, Write for particulars For Sale by All Dealers TOWER-CANADIAN LIMITED. TORONTO, WINNIPEG, VANCOUVER, Known from Coast to Coast —— eed NAAN . HALIFAX. Young Hopeful—Pa, teacher said to-day, that eating fish makes brains. Fond Parent—Yes, but beef eating makes fighters. Young Hopeful—To fight, one must have brains!!! Did you ever eat any of our Canned Mackerel? The Best Deep Sea Food on the market. Write to F. J. BUOTE, Tignish, P.E.I.. for price on case lots of the celebrated Silver Fox Brand Canned Mackerel It is steadily going up in price. MARINE OPTICIANS Compasses, Sextants, Octants, Sounding Machines, Logs, Telescopes, Chronometers, Nautical Books, Charts, Drawing Sets, Ship's Clocks, Watches HALIFAX NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT CO., Ltd. Cc. G. SCHULZE, Manager 11 George Street, - HALIFAX, Canada S. RAMIREZ & CO., Fish Brokers 23 TETUAN ST., SAN JUAN, PORTO RICO New York Agents: S. RAMIREZ & CO. 82 BEAVER STREET FRESH and SMOKED FISH BOX SHIPMENTS OUR SPECIALTY Our Fresh Fish packed in ice reach you in the best possible condition IF IT HAS FINS---ASK US Standing Orders Assure Regular Supplies LONDON SMOKED COD FILLETS are Good Sellers Enquiries Solicited LONDON FISH CoO., Ltd. c's. Vancouver, Canada Foot of 88 CANADIAN FISHERMAN "WALLACE" SE mr ae ROBE NG 3 TE as Ta | sh RS Caught & Packed by WALLACE FISHERIES LIMITED § VANCOUVER, CANADA. The fish are suin- i ciently cooked and may be eatencold. They should not be left in the tin after it is opened. KNOW YOUR. ‘PRODUCT The purchasing of canned herring should be done with the utmost care. When you are placing before the consumer a product that you know is going to please, you are sure of repeat orders, and they will invariably specify the brand. BUY WALLACE’S FRESH HERRING With the TARTAN on the Label You are then sure of getting the best in canned herring. This company’s plants are adjacent to the waters in which shools of herring in teeming thousands abound. Caught and delivered at their canneries when in the prime of condition, and pro- — 4 q cessed by the most sanitary and modern machinery, the finished product is un- equalled in quality and flavor. IT PAYS TO KNOW YOUR PRODUCT WALLACE FISHERIES, LIMITED, - VANCOUVER BLOCK, BRAND SMOKED FINNAN HADDIES, BUY BEAVER FROZEN MACKEREL, HERRING COD, HAKE, CUSK, HADDOCK and POLLOCK BLOATERS, SALTED KIPPERS and COD, HAKE FILETS. POLLOCK and CUSK CARLOAD LOTS A SPECIALTY ~ een aes 7 Wee] yanenutue B.C., cudadalt a Allour goods are ~— RS Ep prime stock, as every- thing we buy is prac- tically alive when re- moved from the fish- ing boats and taken into our plant. Storage Capacity 6,000,000 Ibs. New York*Ovfive ARCH 11, BROOKLYN Bridge Telephone Beekman 17 Plant at Liverpool, N.S. North American Fisheries & Cold Storage, Ltd. Boston Representative F RANK . LEACH As we smoke only the | finest grade of Had- ' dock, the finished pro- ticular interest to dis- criminating buyers. plant at Liverpool and ly modern smoke- house, Plant: LIVERPOOL NOVA SCOTIA E. J. Murphy, Managing Director duct should be of par- a Fish taken right out ak of the water at our |] smoked in a thorough- Hee CANADIAN FISHERMAN Protect Yourself With the longest lived Fish Reduction outfit on the market. Made to serve, not to trouble. Requires the least help. Produces the best results. TH WANNENWETSGH aYOTEM Is Peer of Them All. Manufactured by C. H. A. Wannenwetsch & Co. Buffalo - N.Y. > \ ane Is Best For Ship Use Healthy, the job where the food is well cooked and the meals are varied from day to day. strong men are more contented to stay on Where KLIM —powdered separated milk—is the basis of the milk supply, the cook has the means of preparing many tempting dishes and giving a natural milk flavor to tea and coffee. KLIM is a dry powder composed entirely of the food value, except fat, of fresh high-grade milk. It solves the biggest supply problem on ships. It is com- pact to ship, keeps without ice, and is used from the handy lift-covered tin as needed. To make into liquid add KLIM to water in correct proportions and whip with wire whip or egg beater. Liquid KLIM has the natural color, taste and consistency of fresh separ- ated milk. Order in case lots from your Supply House—packed six ten-pound tins to the case; one pound makes four quarts. CANADIAN MILK PRODUCTS LIMITED 10-12 St. Patrick St., Toronto ST. JOHN MONTREAL WINNIPEG B. C. Distributors: Kirkland & Rose, Vancouver SHIPM ATE RANGES Largest size Smallest Body 18} ey long. No limit to length. A Fisherman Sings: “What dries our clothes when they are wet ? What keeps us warm when chill winds fret ? An’ gives us meals that can be et ? The SHIPMATE!” Made by The Stamford Foundry Company Established 1830 STAMFORD, CONN. Agencies in Canada: F. H. Hopkins & Company, Montreal, Canada Lipsett, Cunningham & Co., Ltd., Prince Rupert, B.C. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse Co., 798 Beatty St., Vancouver, B.C. The Reward of Service. HINK of this fact for a minute—more than sixty percent of America’s leading boat builders use Kermath Engines as standard equipment and publicly endorse these motors as being their first choice. Remember, too, that these Engines go into boats which they sell to their customers—and that their busingss success depends upon their ability to meet the expectations of their customers. Here is Good Will and confidence indeed—and the fact that these experienced motor buyers so heartily commend the Kermath is assurance for all others who may buy only one engine for their individual boat. Find the Kermafh dealer in your lecality. He is an expert on marine engines and a man worth knowing. Write for the interesting Kermath booklet. It is FREE. Address Dept. “N”’ 4 Cylinder, 4 Cycle, 12, 16, 20 and 40 H.-P. $1,650. Immediate Delivery. KERMATH M£¢ Co. MICHIGAN. Prices $450 to 90 CANADIAN FISHERMAN The London & Petrolia Barrel Co., Limited LONDON, Ontario Hardwood Mackerel Barrels and Half Barrels Experience has proven that Fish packed in LONDON BARRELS reach their destination in perfect condition. BUY THE BEST. QUICK DELIVERIES. EASTERN AGENT : WELSFORD L. WATT HALIFAX, N.S. OIL RECOVERED - from Ernest Scott & Company’s FISH WASTE| NEW METHOD > Eliminates pressing and drying yet retains full values of products PROCESS ENWGINEERS LIMITED. McGill Bld’g Montreal - “ Canada » a 7 Pe ge ee se ee on Hardwood Barrels and Half Barrels For Mackerel, Herring and Scotch Cured Herring PROMPT {SHIPMEN1S The Charles Mueller Co., Limited Waterloo, Ontario Eastern Representative: B. C. Woodworth, Halifax, N.S. F.H. Fromm & Co. IMPORTERS and BROKERS PHILADELPHIA, PA. SALT FISH MACKEREL A SPECIALTY ‘*We are in the market for New Dulse”’ REFERENCES : Correspondence Dunn's & Bradstreet’s Solicited Agencies The Corn Exchange Nat. Bank, Phila. Ves. se ee a ne ip a CANADIAN FISHERMAN 91 ‘Brunswick Brand HIGH re Bion | GRADE SEA FOODS CONNORS BROTHERS, LIMITED PACKERS AND CANNERS, BLACK’S HARBOUR, N.B License No, 1—603. Branch Office: 6 Ward Street, St. John, N.B. Cable Address : Connors, St. George Telegraphic Address: St. George, N.B. Efficiency, Square Dealing and Ample Gapital are the Strong Points of the CHAS. LYONS CO., INC. H. V. LYONS, Pres. Wholesale Fresh Water Fish Dealers Specialties: Sturgeon, Caviar, Eels, Yellowpike, Grasspike, Whitefish, Carp, Ciscoes and Mullets also all varieties of Fresh and Frozen Fish. PECK SLIP NEW YORK A =a Rk CANADIAN FISHERMAN THE ST. THOMAS COLD STORAGE ST. gO aS, ONT a | The only Cold Storage Plant in Ontario specially equipped for the handling of fish. EN RA RET RN TT at 4] Located in the heart of the Lake Erie fishing district, maintaining private switches with jf} direct connections on N. Y.C.,.C, Pu. ak sikeee P. M., and London & Port Stanley Railways. aan <> ree oe = Se ae a eee ae ee {| Smoking plants in connection. aoa me Distributors of Finnan Haddie, Salmon, Halibut ,.37o en WRITE OR WIRE US YOUR PROPOSITION Operated by The St: Thomas Packing Co., Limited EPS RS Sygate eee —— ee NOW READY! CANNING OF FISHERY PRODUCTS: son kX? cous Late Field Agent, U. S. Bureau of Fisheries and editor of Pacific Fisherman. Author of ‘Fisheries of Alaska,” “Fisheries of Hawaii,”’ ‘‘Pacific Salmon Fisheries,” Pacific Cod Fisheries,”’ ‘‘Lobster Fishery of Maine,” “‘The Shad Fisheries of North Carolina,”’ etc., etc. Mr. Cobb was for 17 years a field agent of the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries, and in the course of his duties visited practically every fishing settlement and packing establishment in the United States many times; later was editor of the Pacific and now is Director of the College of Fisheries, University of Washington. The work tells: How to select a suitable location; how to equip and operate a sanitary canning plant; the and |] bacteriology of canning; reproduces the pure food law and regulations affecting the canning of lahat products, also oe trade mark law, and other data of value to canners. Also full and complete data showing abundance of and where, when and how the following species (some of which are no utilized at present) are obtained, and the methods which are, or may be, followed in canning each: FISHES— FISHES— MISCELLANEOUS— CRUSTACEANS— Alewife Red Snapper Caviar Crab Anchovy Rockfishes Fish Balls Crawfish, Freshwater Barracuda Salmon ? Fish Paste Lobster Bluefish Sardine Fish, Melt, Buckroe Shrimp Bonito Shad Fish Roe Spiny Lobecat or Sea Crawfish Cod Smelt Soups, Etc. Eel Squeteague or Weakfish MOLLUSKS— German Carp Striped Bass MAMMALS, ETC.— Abalone Greyfish Steurgeon Porpoise Clams, Clam Chowder, Nectar, Ete. []} Grouper Trout Terrapin Mussel, Sea _ Halibut Tuna Turtle Oyster Herring Utah Lake Trout Whale Periwinkle Mackerel Whitefish Squid ,Etc. Menhaden vane “ Mullet Yellowta Pikes Ete., Ete. Profusely Illustrated Pilchard w Copies may now be ordered at the Special Introductory price of $7.50; add 25 cents for mailing in United States [| and 50 cents in foreign countries. Cash with the order. t Address PACIFIC FISHERMAN 71 Columbia St., Seattle, Wash. CANADIAN FISHERMAN 93 Cable Address:--**‘DAVECONNOR,” VANCOUVER. D. CONNOR SALMON BROKER EXPORTER AND COMMISSION MERCHANT Quality -- Reliability -- Efficient Service Prompt and Courteous attention to all enquiries C. I. F. PRICES ALL CODES USED License No. 1-529 REFERENCE:- Union Penk of Canada at Vancouver, B.C.; New York, U.S.A.; and London, E VANCOUVER, B.C. COURTIER, EXPORTATEUR ET MARCHAND A COMMISSION D. CONNOR 22nd Qualité --- Confiance --- Service Efficace Attention prompte et Courtoise apportée A toute demande de renseignements PRIX FRANCO |] 510 Winch Building f | Addresse par Cable:-““-DAVECONNOR,” VANCOUVER. F REFERENCE:- Union Bank of Canada, a Vancouver, B.C.; New-York, U.S.A.; |] 510 Winch Building - et Londres, Angleterre. VANCOUVER, B.C. aeeen Cobtosr sce _ Se usan todos los Cédigos D. CONNO CORREDOR DE SALMON EXPORTADOR Y COMERCIANTE COMISIONISTA Calidad --- Confianza --- Servicio Eficiente y esmerado Prestaremos pronta solicita atencion a cauntos deseen informacién. PRECIOS C. I. F. Union Bank of Canada, Vancouver, B.C.; Nueva York, EE. UU. de A.; Londres, Inglaterra. VANCOUVER, B.C, am REFERENCIAS:- |] 510 Winch Building : : ; : CASTRO ASSIS. -&iCO: SAO PAULO BRAZIL REPRESENTATIVES OF NATIONAL AND FOREIGN MANUFACTURERS COMMISSION AGENTS AND CONSIGNEES Brazilian Products Department : — SUGAR, COTTON, PRESERVED MEAT, WINES, CEREALS, ETC, Travellers and Agents in all important Cities of the South of Brazil. (States: PARANA, SANTA CATH- ARINA and RIO GRANDE DO SUL.) WANTED TO REPRESENT GOOD EXPORT FIRMS OF CANADA SPECIALLY FOR CODFISH, PAPER, WOOD PULP, IRON AND STEEL First Class References. P. 0. Box No. 1666 Codes used: A. B. C. 5th Edition, IMP. Bentleys Liebers RUA SAO BENTO 66a Telegram Address: ORTSAC. 4° CANADIAN FISHERMAN 52 Years of Successful Fish Business NEW ENGLAND FISH COMPANY ORGANIZED 1868 ' Cable Address ‘‘Newengfish.’’ INCORPORATED 1902 HEAD OFFICE, BOSTON, MASS. WESTERN HEADQUARTERS, VANCOUVER, CANADA i SEATTLE BRANCH, PIER 814 | Fishing Steamers and Schooners: NEW ENGLAND PROSPECTOR TYEE Subsidiary Companies: Cold Storage Plants: THE CANADIAN FISHING CO., LTD. VANCOUVER, CANADA THE DOTY FISH COMPANY KALAMA, WASH. NORTHWESTERN FISHERIES CO. KETCHIKAN, ALASKA. ATLIN FISHERIES, LTD. BOSTON, MASS. Places of Business: ; Boston, Mass. : Vancouver, Canada. Seattle, Wash. } Gloucester, Mass. New York City, N.Y. Ketchikan, Alaska, Kalama, Wash. Portland, Maine. Prince Rupert, Canada. : St. Paul, Minn. 5 Producers and Shippers of Halibut, Salmon and all varieties of Fish FRESH - FROZEN ~ SALT “IMPERIAL BRAND” Is an absolute guarantee of quality. FLAT FISH Headless, Dressed and Trimmed, in 50, 100 and 150 lb. boxes. KIPPERS-BLOATERS in 20 lb. boxes. ip Ne a Our registered brands of canned fish include: SOCKEYES, REDS PRINGS, WHITE SPRINGS, COHOES, BLUE | BACKS, PINKS, CHUM SALMON and PILCHA RDS.-HERRING. || Buy from the largest Canadian producers and shippers of Pacific Coast fresh, frozen and smoked fish PLACE A STANDING ORDER TO REACH YOU EVERY WEEK. The Canadian Fishing Co., Limited | VANCOUVER, B.C., Canada —— CANADIAN FISHERMAN 95 | Western Packers, Limited a Canned Salmon, 3 Frozen Salmon, Frozen Halibut. We Specialize in mixed carload shipments of only choice Northern British Columbia, Frozen Fish of All Grades. WE SOLICIT YOUR ENQUIRIES. BUTEDALE CANNERY, MARGARET BAY CANNERY, Butedale, B.C. Smith’s Inlet, B.C. SHUSHARTIE CANNERY, Shushartie Bay, B.C. Cold Storage at Butedale with capacity of approximately 2,500,000 Lbs. 1414 Standard Bank Bldg., - - : Vancouver, B.C. Send for this Game It Costs You Nothing ‘ Fill out this coupon and mail it to us and we will send you FREE our’fascinating auto-race game—a orm splendid indoor amusement for the winter evenings. COMPANIES, Just a reminder that LIMITER En-ar-co Motor Oil The Oil of a Million Tests. Is a perfect lubricant for your motor boat or auto engine. Scientifically refined to remove friction and prolong the life of your engine. CANADIAN ’ 1606 Excelsior Life Building, Toronto, Ont. Canada Send me In-ar: co Auto Gamé Free. Enclosed find three - cent stamp to partially cover postage and packing. Also give nearest ship- ping point and uote prices on the items I have marked. I use..gals. Gasoline per year RR eine Ser eae ” White Rose Gasoline E-UNO. ssn gals. Kerosene per year ‘ eae pomp en Oll per year use..... . Mot _ A superior power fuel for all gas-driven engines, § “WES \. “ie47 NX 7 Luse........ Ibs. Axle Grease Der year Gives extra speed, and “brings you home first.” a ; a. Pe fe er ees National Frictionless Compoun ae eee _ Finest grease for lubrication of crank-pins, cross Reads, valve Mos we eset eee Se Sa Se |e tions, eccentrics, slides, pillow blocks, main journal and all heavy Piavitioes. i/d5c wi open bearings. E GWM on 8 6 0s fk civexh cep b be ck uae ; : ~~. (inte ob. Mihi, Wentace “os ean kec wes toed ¢ Yanadian Oil Companies, Limited (Be sure to give name of auto, icoaher or beatles game € Branch Offices in 35 Cities et eens B Motor Oil, I will be in the market for more oi! again chant General Offices: TORONTO, Ont, RS oy A Ray. and you may quote me “an at cane, aoe En-ar-oo National Motor Oil. 96 CANADIAN FISHERMAN Atlantic Marine Motors Is nitor A popular and most satisfactory feature of the ‘* Atlantic,” is its make and break Ignition. Itismade of very few parts, easily adjusted and simple in every de- Single Cylinger make Gasolene Enters the Engine by Heated By-Pass under the Exhaust Manifold, thus Eva- porizing it before it reaches the combus- tion chamber. un STRONG BURNS KEROSENE \ 4 or DURABLE a GASOLENE SPEEDY a SPARE FITTINGS ALWAYS CARRIED IN STOCK. : r LUNENBURG FOUNDRY iren’ ae LUNENBURG, N.S. - Canada e — ahags C | Sardine A Lobster N | S eS All N s Herring Packers of Canned Fish of every kind will be interested in the variety and sizes of cans manufactured to suit every need of the trade AMERICAN CAN COMPANY Niagara Falls, Ont. Chamcook, N.B. Montreal, Quebec. AMERICAN CAN COMPANY LTD. VANCOUVER, B.C. Hamilton, Ont. Dod eta pA LT ai ie Sat, 5 _ CANADIAN FISHERMAN Cable Address: Peter Forge, Bilgate, London. Established over 60 Years (FRED W. FORGE; SIDNSY J, WILLIAMS, Government Auctioneer. FISH SALESMAN, LICENSED AUC TIONEER AND IMPORTER OF COLONIAL PRODUCE Agent to H. M. Governmen 98, 113, 114, 115 CENTRAL AVENUE BILLINGSGATE MARKET, LONDON INVITES CONSIGNMENTS OF Salmon, Halibut, Haddocks AND ALL KINDS OF FISH SUITABLE FOR THE MARKETS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM Good Prospects for Best Quality FROZEN KIPPERS, Genera | Offices: :—43-45 Monumen t Street, London, E.C., 3; Colo:ial Department, 6 The Corridor, Bil- lingsgate Market, London, E.C., 3, CORRESPONDENCE INVITED. ALL BUSINESS PERSONALLY SUPERVISED BY PRINCIPALS. BONELESS CODFISH The Brands that are best known and have SPECIALIZE proved most satisfac- VARNISHEP tory are. . aa SALMON, HALIFAX HERRING PILGHARD and ACADIA LABELS Refuse Inferior Substitutes . THE ROBIN, JONES & WHITMAN, Limited, B.C.PRINTINGs.LITHO.LTD. LUNENBURG, N.S. VANCOUVER, B.C.CANADA, Sold Everywhere 98 CANADIAN FISHERMAN :--- Index to Advertisers Acadia Gas Engine, Ltd. American Can Company .. . : Atlantic Coast Fisheries Go. Ine., “The | ue B. C. Printing & Litho Company, Ltd. Booth Fisheries ue Seepage Lid ee : Buote, F. J. Canadian Fairbanks-Morse, Co., Ltd. Canadian Fish and Cold Storage Co, aa. 2 Canadian Fishing Co., Ltd.. Canadian Milk Produets, Lid. Canadian Oil Companies, Ltd. Carnahan Tin Plate and Sheet 00, "td. Crain naes Castro Assis & cas Re eats Connor, D. .. Connors Bros., Tita. Consumers Cordage Co., “Ltd, - Department of Marine and cteghi sid pati Des fern. M., & Co.,. a Farquhar & Co., Ltd. .. .. Fish Trades Gazette, The .. .. Forge, Peter .. .. -: # Freeman & Cobb, Ine . Fromm & Co., F. H. Gilbert Louis -- -- - Goodrich Sabet 6%, “The B. oe Gosse-Millerd Packing Xs, Ltd. Gray & Prior i... 22-33 BAGUIO (hea en sah are Hallett, A. E. «+ - Hatton, D., Sy age aN o's ib pliee ) ee Meee pes oltue Harry Hall & Co., Ltd. Hickman Co., A. E.. . Halifax Nautical Totiteraint International Business Machines Co., Ltd. .. .. Jacobson Gas Engine Co. .. Julian, C.0., & Co... . Kermath Mfg. Co. .. . Leckie, John, Ltd. : Letson and Burpee, Limited . ; 100. Zockport-Oold Bipengs RasTAasie ee mee ' 1-7 Seythes & Co., Ltd. . ork ee vd 96 London and Petrolea Barrel at Ltd. London Fish Co., Ltd. . f Lyons, Chs. & Co. « 5 St ial thee _ Lunenburg Foundry | Oo, “ers / ie es ie McAvity, T., & Sons Ltd .. .. ...-. McBride Wells and be sia ga aa ae Minard’s Liniment . Hi een Ae FE Maritime Fish Corp. . Rohe 3. wate 18 Mueller, Chs., Co., Ltd. 15 Mustad, O. and Son . oe Murray-Latta Machine Works ale 95 fas 4, a 5h2 \s 85 New England Fish Co., Ine. .. 93 Noble, Chs., Jr., Company Ahi a! 93 North American eure, hi Cold’ t 91 Ltd. . ‘ Sew eacee 9 Nova Scotia ‘Government . Pinan Engineers Sita 14 Phenix Packing Co. a we. alters Perfection Motor ie 8 Quebec cavern .- “4 s 90 Hediires & Co. 58 Freee Bante Tieliciso. chat ae fae Robin, Jones and Whitman . 99 Seattle Astoria Iron Wai Schmidt Litho Co. . atcrseills Silver, H. R. Ltd. - R toad umes Spooner, W. R. . aire Stamford Foundry Co., ‘Lita. . St. Thomas Packing Co., Ltd. . ~ 84 Smith Cannery Machines Co, .. vr be Boe 86 Swedish Steel and Importing Co., itd Tower’s Canadian, Limited .. .. ..— Ree in i a lel 2 Vhay Fisheries Co... 2. 20.4. oe bee s 84 Wallace Fisheries Limited . Walter, Thos. Son, Ltd. .. «. os tk Wannenwetsch, 0. H. rent bey eh te pay ‘ , ra ; ee Samer eramrattren cic RS ats ECA ae Pe Soo a ig Sy ien atest Bint iy TAR ruteadpgsaice Aan Rrra eset ents ; ; settrretse ve i Suns sap rent chats me ah ‘ er aa : sitachsasenth ete ue mh ai paracrsesks Sa haas Pare Teh Sate ed : NU ATO HIN , ; y wah ; . wy a 8 z & ‘ We adage) 2a Suita nd aT : . i sere Tessa ety Oe e We a Poly ar at He whats aaNet bee A oI Ri i hey Da dy —; . 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