GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
GEORGE M. DAWSON, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S., Director

CON TRIB UTIGN'Ss

TO

CANADIAN PALAZONTOLOGY

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| CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS |

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BY

SAMUEL H. ScupDER| bali

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1. The Tertiary Hemiptera of British Columbia
2. The Coleoptera hitherto found fossil in Canada

3. Notes on Myriapods and Arachnids found in Sigillarian stumps in the Nova
Seotia Coal Field

OTTAWA
PRINTED BY 8. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN’S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1895

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The first part of this, the second, volume of Contributions to Canadian
Paleontology, consists of three illustrated papers by Dr. 8. H. Scudder,
of Cambridge, Mass., to whom the Survey is greatly indebted for his

gratuitous labours in the interests of science.

Two of these papers are devoted to descriptions and illustrations of
Tertiary and Post-Tertiary insects from British Columbia, and the third
to descriptions, also illustrated, of Myriapods and Arachnids from the

Carboniferous rocks of Nova Scotia.

Although begun under the title ‘Canadian Fossil Insects,” it has
been found convenient to include the third paper on Myriapods and

Arachnids in this part of volume II. of the “ Contributions.”

The specimens upon which the descriptions are based are for the
most part in the Museum of the Survey.

The drawings for the five plates which accompany this publication were
made by Mrs. Katherine P. Ramsay and Mr. J. H. Blake, under Dr.
Scudder’s supervision.

A small separate edition of each of these papers has previously been
supplied to the author and distributed by him.

GEORGE M. DAWSON.

GEOLOGICAL SuRVEY OF CANADA,
Orrawa, 15th November, 1895.

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.
WAS BETO rwabs B) acace
CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS.
By Saver H. Scupper.
1. The Tertiary Hemiptera of British Columbia.

The tertiary Hemiptera so far found in British Columbia are all due
to the explorations of Dr. G. M. Dawson. They have been found at
three different localities, —Quesnel on the Fraser, the north fork of the
Similkameen River, and Nine-Mile Creek flowing into Whipsaw Creek,
a tributary of the Similkameen ; but in Dr. Dawson’s view the two
latter deposits undoubtedly formed different portions of a single lake,
so that really only two basins are concerned. Curiously, these two
basins afford specimens of very different character, for two family
groups are represented only at Quesnel, four in the Similkameen basin
only *. The only other known locality for fossil insects, Nicola, has
yielded no Hemiptera.

Nineteen species in all have been found, and notwithstanding the
small number, they prove very interesting. Only two of them, a water-
strider and a shield bug, belong to the heteropterous division, the re-
mainder being homopterous, an extraordinary disproportion. So, too,
the families of Homoptera are very unevenly represented, the Cerco-
pide with eleven species being out of all proportion to the others, —
the Jasside with one, the Aphidide with two, and the Fulgoride with
three species. The Cercopide therefore give the character to the
fauna.

One of the first things that impresses the student is the great variety
among these insects. In every case, at least among the Homoptera,
every specimen must be referred to a distinct species, and in only one
case can two species be referred to one genus. In the Fulgoride each
of the three species belongs to a different subfamily ; and though such
a difference is impossible in the here more numerous but everywhere
less varied Cercopide, the range of genera is very considerable. Given
the number of species allotted to the different families as here, one
could hardly devise a more extreme case than here presents itself.

* The two basins are separated by about three degrees of latitude and may prove to
represent somewhat different stages in the tertiary. Ifso, that of Quesnel is probably
the newer.—G. M. D.

6 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOOGY.,

But the most striking feature in the fauna is the size of the sndi-
viduals which compose it. Four fifths of the Homoptera belong to the
families normally containing, except for the Cicadid (Stridulantia),
the most bulky species, and even for these families they are exception-
ally large or would class among the largest, while the two Heteroptera
belong also to the larger types. It is only the single member of the
Jasside and the two species of Aphididee which are microtypic. The
average length indeed of these tertiary species of Fulgoride and Cer-
copidz is not less than two centimetres, and there are some among
them which are probably double that length.

From the insect data one can make no strong assertion regarding the
relative age of the deposits in which they occur, but there are one or
two points to which it may be well to direct attention. One is the
fact that nearly all the generic groups represented are so far as known
extinct ; even the few which are here placed in existing genera, —
Enchophora, Ricania, Coelidia, Cercopis, Aphrophora,—are in nearly
every case so placed only provisionally from the incompleteness of the
specimens found ; this would surely seem to indicate a relatively great
age, at least as old as the oligocene. Another is the reference of a
few, generally with certitude, to genera, —Gerancon, Sbenaphis, Palec-
phora, Palaphrodes,—known otherwise only from American beds re-
ferred to the oligocene ; and besides these the only species elsewhere
recorded is found likewise in the oligocene. The last fact, however,
looks in a different direction, for the cercopid element of the fauna,
and as we have seen its most important component, shows a distinct
resemblance to that of Radoboj in Croatia, which is regarded as mid-
dle miocene.

HOMOPTERA.

Family APHIDIDAS.

In 1877 and 1878 I described from the British Columbia tertiaries
two species of plant-lice, temporarily referring each to Lachnus. None
have since been added to them, but the study of a considerable series of
these insects from the American tertiaries shows a remarkable variety
of fossil forms and compels the establishment of a large number of
genera; these two species are now found to fall into distinct and
extinct groups, each having one or two other representatives in the
American rocks. Both belong to the sub-family Aphidine.
1g

scuooeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. "i

GERANCON Scudder.
Gerancon Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 248 (1890).

Wings only known. Fore wing with the stigmatic vein arising from
the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice forked, the first time
very far from its origin, which is near the middle of the proximal
half of the space between the base of the first oblique and the stigmatic
veins, the second time scarcely behind the base of the stigmatic vein.
Second oblique vein arising many times nearer the first oblique than
the cubital vein and close to the former, the first discoidal cell between
them about ten times broader on the hind margin than at the base.

Two species of this genus are known, one from Florissant, Colorado,
the other that described below.

Gerancon petrorum.

Lachnus petrorum Scupp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-76,
279 (1878).

Gerancon petrorum Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 249-250, pl. wu.
fig. 6 (1890).

A fragment of a wing is sufficiently preserved to show that it should
be referred here. The wing is unusually slender ; the postcostal vein
thickens apically as it merges in the stigma; the first oblique vein is
straight ; the second originates very close to the first, runs parallel to
it only at the very base, and then bends pretty strongly outward, strik-
ing the margin of the wing nearly as far from the tip of the first
oblique vein as half its own length; the origin of the cubital vein is
not clear, but it is apparently not far out, in which case it runs parallel
with the second oblique vein until it branches in the middle of the
wing ; the lower of these branches almost retains the course of the
basal part of the veins, but diverges slightly from the second oblique
vein, terminating very far from it on the border of the wing; the
main stem, diverging from the first branch rather widely at first,
almost at once runs parallel to the lower branch, and when it has
continued a less distance than the main vein before its fureation,
divides, the two forks diverging but slightly at base, and then very
gradually converging until they are no farther apart than the bases of
the first and second oblique veins, and the upper fork almost touches
the stigmatic vein (probably by some displacement) ; together they
diverge a little from the lower branch of the cubital vein ; the stigmatic
vein is very conspicuous, passing by a broad sweep into the heart of

8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALMONTOLOGY.

the wing, diverging from the stigma at a greater angle than does the
second oblique ; unfortunately the tip of the wing is broken, and more
than the apical half of the outer border is also wanting.

Length of fragment, 4"; estimated length of wing, 5"; width of

Salle none
Quesnel, —One specimen, No. 19, Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1875.

SBENAPHIS Scudder.
Sbenaphis Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 250 (1890).

Head without frontal tubercles, the front transverse. Antennz very
slender, at least nearly as long as the body. Fore wings with the stig-
matic vein arising from the middle of the stigma. Cubital vein twice
forked, the first time at a moderate distance from its origin, which is
at or a trifle outside the middle of the space between the first oblique
and stigmatic veins, the second time opposite or scarcely beyond the
base of the stigmatic vein. Second oblique vein arising nearer the first
oblique than the cubital vein but at varying relative distances, always
close to the first oblique vein, the first discoidal cell between them
being four or five times broader on the hind margin than at base.
Legs slender, varying in length but shorter than the fore wings.
Abdomen ovate.

Some specimens seem to show a short stout cauda, which others
appear to lack, and occasionally short cornicles may be detected which
are apparently of uniform diameter.

Three species of the genus have been described, all found at Floris-
sant, Colorado, but one of them first published from British Columbia.
It is re-described with some changes below.

Sbenaphis quesneli.

Lachnus quesneli Scupp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-77,
461-462 (1878).

Sbenaphis quesneli Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 250-262, pl. 11, figs.
4-5, (1890).

The remains which are preserved are a pair of overlapping fore wings
with torn edges, but with all the important parts of the neuration, and
some of the veins of the hind wings. The body is completely crushed
and all other members are absent. The parts which can be studied
are thus very similar to those found in Gerancon petrorum from the
same bed. Owing to the absence of the margin, the shape of the wing

scupoeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 9

cannot be determined. The postcostal vein is thick throughout, but
broadens apically ; the first and second oblique veins are both per-
fectly straight, originating scarcely further apart than the width of
the postcostal vein and diverging considerably. From the position in
which the wings are preserved (one fore wing almost exactly covering
the other, and the two enclosing between them both hind wings, also
almost exactly superimposed) the first and second discoidal veins of the
two fore wings and the two oblique veins of each hind wing form a
medley of almost confluent lines, so that it is a little difficult to deter-
mine to which of the four wings and to what part of that wing each of
the eight veins belongs ; regarding the veins of the hind wings there
may, therefore, be some error in the statement to be made, but there
can be little doubt of the position and relation of the veins of the fore
wing which appears to lie uppermost. The cubital vein originates at
a distance beyond the base of the second oblique barely greater than
the distance at which the latter is placed from the first ; 1t makes an
angle with the postcostal vein of less than forty-five degrees ; is no-
where in the least degree sinuous, but is bent very slightly forward at
each forking, rather more at its first than at its second ; sends off its
first branch at slightly less than a millimeter from its base ; forms
with it an angle of twenty-five degrees, and at an equal distance farther
on emits its second branch at a similar or slightly smaller angle ; both
the branches are perfectly straight, and the upper branch of the last
fork lies midway between the lower branch and the stigmatic vein ;
the latter is similar to that of G. petrorum from the same beds, but is
not so strongly curved ; the first branch of the cubital vein also divides
equally the space between the second oblique and the lower branch of
the last fork of the cubital vein. The oblique veins of the hind wing
(see above) originate at no greater distance apart than the first and
second oblique veins of the fore wings, are a little less divergent than
they, and equally straight.

Length of fragment of wing, 5"; its probable complete length,
6™ ; breadth of same, 1.35"; distance from base of front wing to the
origin of the stigmatic vein, 4.1".

Quesnel,—One specimen, No. 34a, Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1876.

Family FULGORID A.

The species of this family which have been found in British Colum-
bia are few in number but varied in structure, each belonging to a
distinct sub-family, and of considerable interest ; all are very large.

10 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL®ONTOLOGY.

Sub-family FULGORIN &.

This group is much better represented in American than European
tertiaries, and it is only on this continent that we find the lantern-flies
proper, or those genera which have a strongly projecting frontal pro-
cess, usually recurved. These are represented at Florissant, Colorado,
by two species of Nyctophylax, and in British Columbia we find a
species of Enchophora or allied form.

~
Encuoruora Spinola,

The living members of this genus are all inhabitants of tropical
South America, notably Brazil, and form one of the group of so-called
lantern-flies of the tropics, the projecting frontal horn being at least
in some instances presumably luminiferous. The species here brought
to view, though very imperfect, plainly belongs in this near vicinity,
and was larger than all but the largest of the existing lantern flies.

Enchophora sp.
Pla, tig oe

A very characteristic but very small fragment of a large insect is
particularly interesting as it has an unmistakeable tropical aspect. It
is simply the cephalic process of one of the Fulgorine, and is ap-
parently to be referred to this genus or its near vicinity. It is larga
and stout, and though no other part of the head is preserved, it is pretty
certainly the entire process, showing it to have been roundly bent
upward at a right angle a little before the middle, with the faintest sign
of enlargement apically ; the tip is well and regularly rounded, and
shows no sign whatever of being trilobed, so that it probably belongs
to a distinct genus. The insect bearing it must have been a large one,
probably not less than four centimetres long.

Length of the process measured along the curved middle line, 12" ;
breadth near apex, 3.65™™.

North Fork of Similkameen River. One specimen, No. 90, Dr.
G, M. Dawson, 18838.

Sub-family DELPHACIN &.

Fossil species of this group are but two or three in number and all
have been referred to existing genera excepting that described below,
which appears to be a very extraordinary insect with unusually aber-
rant venation in the tegmina.

scupoen. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. a

PLANOPHLEBIA Scudder.

Planophlebia Scupp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877~78,
185-186 B (1879); Iv., Tert. Ins. N.A., 296 (1890).

This name is proposed for a genus of Fulgoride apparently belong-
ing to the Delphacine, but differing from all Homoptera I have seen
in the remarkable trend of the principal veins of the tegmina, nearly
all of which, and certainly all the branches of the radial, as well as
most of the branches of the ulnar vein, terminate upon the costal
margin, the costal areole being very brief, or less than one-third the
length of the tegmina. The radial vein branches very near the base
of the tegmina, and its lower branch again a very little way beyond,
all three of the branches running in a straight course parallel to one
another, and embracing at tip the middle third of the margin. The
ulnar vein forks near the outer branching of the radial vein, the upper
branch soon dividing again, the lower dividing beyond the middle of
the tegmina, all the branches running parallel to those of the radial
vein.

I know of no homopteron the veins of whose tegmima trend as in this
genus ; indeed it appears to be quite abnormal in this particular. Nor
can Mr. Uhler, to whom I submitted a drawing, find any form whose
branched veins run toward the costal margin; but I have in vain at-
tempted to believe that I have interchanged the two margins of the
tegmina. In point of neuration the tegmina approach most closely,
as Mr. Uhler has pointed out to me, to those of Amphiscepa bivittata
(Say), but even from this it differs widely.

Planophlebia gigantea.

Planophlebia gigantea Scupp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can.,
fan 8186 By (1879); Ip. Tert: Ins. N.A., 296-297, pl. um, fie. 16
(1890).

The specimen is very fragmentary, consisting of an upper wing, of
which the whole of the costal border as far as the tip, and the basal
half of the inner margin can be made out; but only three patches of
the surface with its accompanying veins are preserved—a piece next
the base, crossing the wing; another near the middle, which crosses
rather more than three-quarters of it from the costal margin backward ;
and a greatly broken patch atthe upper half of the tip ; but from these
pieces nearly the whole of the neuration, as given in the generic de-
scription, can be determined. The costal vein appears to be forked

12 ; CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

close to the base, with branches running close and sub-parallel to each
other. There are five branches of the ulnar vein, terminating above
the middle of the apical margin of the tegmina, but below that the
veins are wholly obliterated. The sutura clavi must be very brief (as
we should, perhaps, expect it to be ina wing with so short a costal
areole), since no sign of it appears on the basal patch ; it must ter-
minate before the branching of the ulnar vein. The tegmina are of
very large size, the costal margin regularly and gently arched, the
inner margin almost straight, and the apex very regularly convex, at
least on the upper half.

Length of fragment, 23.75" ; estimated length of the tezmina, 25™";
breadth in middle, 9.5™".

Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 77, Dr. G. M. Dawson,

oiled
dd.

So

18
Sub-family RICANIINA.

It is only in this country that members of this sub-family have been
found in the rocks, Hammapteryx, an extinct type, having been found
in Wyoming, and a species temporarily referred to Ricania, occurring
in British Columbia.

Ricanta Germar.

The species here recorded under this name is given it only provision-
ally until more perfect specimens for its better placing are found.
The only other fossil before referred here is one recorded by Giebel
from amber, which is imperfectly described but agrees with this in the
multiplicity of the nervules in the tegmina.

Ricania antiquata.

Pll fers:

I place temporarily in this genus a species of Ricaniine allied to
Deraulax which must evidently fall into a distinct group. It is only
known, however, from a portion of one of the tegmina. In this the
costal field is expanded, much the broadest a little beyond the base
and tapering gently, and is filled with numerous transverse more or
less oblique simple veinlets. From a break in the stone it cannot be
told whether the reticulated membrane near the base of the fragment
belongs to the tegmina or the wings, but the portion beyond is plainly
one of the tegmina and shows apparently that the upper radial branch
is simple and straight, the lower nearly as straight and sub-parallel to

scuooer. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 13

the costal vein, but gradually approaching it (the upper radial dividing
evenly the intermediate space and bound to each by distant cross-veins)
and throwing off from its under surface very frequent, closely parallel,
oblique and slightly curved branches, which must fill all the apex of
the tegmina and which are nowhere connected by cross-veins ; most
of them, however, fork about midway in their course upon the frag-
ment so as to crowd the margin with oblique rays.

Length of fragment, 18""; greatest breadth of costal area, 1.2™".

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 91 ab, Dr.
G. M. Dawson, 1888.

Family JASSID A.

This family is still represented in the British Columbia tertiaries
only by the single specimen long ago described by me ; this is the more
surprising as in the other tertiaries of North America it is nearly as
well represented as the Cercopide.

Catipia Germar.

The only known fossil species of this genus, which is an existing
American type best developed in the tropics but not unknown in the
southern United States, are one from the Wyoming tertiaries and that
described below.

Celidia columbiana.

Celidia columbianaScuvv., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-78,
isomen(lsi9)s Ip.; Pert. Ins. N. A., 313, pl. 1, fig. 13 (1890).

A pair of tegmina, in which most of the venation can be made out,
with a crushed body and crumpled wings, represent a species of
Ceelidia or an allied genus, with rather broad tegmina. The veins of
the tegmina are nearly parallel to the gently arcuate costal margin,
are equidistant from one another, and are united by cross-veins near
the middle of the apical half of the tegmina, the lower ulnar vein,
which runs only a little below the middle of the wing, forking at this
point; the upper of the apical areolets, however, is considerably
shorter than the others ; the two ulnar veins are united by a cross-
vein in the middle of the basal half of the tegmina, while not far from
the middle of the tegmina the ulnar and radial veins are similarly
united. The tegmina do not taper apically, the extremity is rounded
and obliquely truncate, and the sutura claviis short. The hind wings
are provided with an unusual number of cross-veins.

Length of tegmina, 8™; breadth, 3.25™.

Similkameen River,—One specimen, No, 75, Dr, G, M. Dawson, 1877.

14 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALHONTOLOGY.
Family CERCOPID 2.

By far the greatest number of the British Columbia fossil Homop-
tera belong to this family, and notwithstanding that a considerable
number (more than twice as many as are recorded below) have been
found in the tertiaries of Wyoming and Colorado not a single species
and hardly a single genus is the same. As in the United States the
Cercopine are in the majority, but in both the Cercopine and
Aphrophorine we are struck by the great size of the insects. More-
over, half of the genera have not been found elsewhere, not even in
the United States tertiaries.

Sub-family CERCOPINA.

The large number, great variety, and striking size of the Cercopine
are salient features of the tertiary Homoptera of British Columbia.
With possibly a single exception, there is not one of them that would
not be a striking object in any temperate fauna. Their average length
with closed wings could hardly have been less than two centimetres.
No less than six genera occur, three of which it is necessary to charac-
terize as new ; the others occur in the tertiaries of Colorado and
Wyoming.

CERCOPITES Scudder.

Cercopites Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 316 (1890). f

This genus was established for two species from the Wyoming ter-
tiaries, varying considerably in size. The one here added is consid-
erably larger than either of them.

Cerecopites torpescens.

Plo i. hee

A single specimen and its reverse shows the dorsal view of an insect
in which the tegmina are destroyed or so poorly preserved that the
veins of the wings show through them. The undate anterior margin
of the prothorax determines its place in this genus though it is almost
as much larger than the larger of the two species known as that is
than the smallest. The head is less than half as broad as the thorax,
suborbicular but broader than long. The thorax almost immediately
attains its full width, the front margin slightly and angularly emargi-
nate in the middle, a point which does not show in the figure. The
tegmina are apparently at least three and a half times longer than

scupoeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 15

broad and have rather a pointed apex. The veins of the wings show
only enough to make clear their cercopid structure.

Length of body, 9"™; of same, including closed wings, 14.5""; of
tegmina, 12™; breadth of head, 1.8"; of thorax, 4™.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 89ab, Dr.
G..M. Dawson, 1888.

Crrcoris Fabricius.

This genus is here used in the sense employed in my Tertiary In-
sects of North America. As there stated, a number of species have
been referred to it from the European tertiaries and, notably, from
Radoboj ; but most of them do not belong here. One of the species
here recorded has before been published ; the other is new.

Cercopis selwyni.

Cercopis selwyni Scupp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-78,
184-185 B (1879); Ip., Tert. Ins. N. A., 318, pl. 1, figs. 14, 15 (1890).

ro

A pair of nearly perfect tegmina, reverses of each other, represent
a species allied, but rather distantly, to the gigantic species of Cer-
copine described by Heer from Radoboj. It differs from them all in
neuration, in the form of the costal border and of the apex. The
portion of the wing below the straight sutura clavi is broken away.
The basal half of the costal margin is strongly and rather uniformly
arcuate, but more strongly close to the base; the apical half of the
same is nearly straight; the apical margin is a little obliquely and
roundly excised, gently convex, the tip roundly angulated. The costal
vein parts from the common trunk close to the base and follows close
to the margin, terminating at about one-third way to the tip; the
radial vein is directed toward the middle of the outer half of the costal
border, until it forks, a little before the middle of the wing, when
both straight branches run subparallel toward the tip ; the ulnar vein
also forks once, half-way between the base and the fork of the radial
vein, and its straight branches, with those of the radial vein, subdi-
vide the outer half of the wing subequally, all being evanescent toward
the apical margin ; the sutura clavi reaches as far as these veins are
visible.

Length of wing, 16.5"; breadth of wing at tip of sutura clavi,
5™"; length of sutura clavi, 14™".

Nine Mile Creek.—One specimen, with its reverse, Nos. 64 and 65,
Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1877.

16 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

Cercopis grandescens,

Pla, fi

A stouter species than QC, selwyni and somewhat larger. Only one
of the tegmina is preserved, but that is nearly complete. It is more
shouldered near the base, the costa beyond less arched, and at apex
is apparently more symmetrically rounded, the extreme apex apparently
lying at just about the middle of the wing. The radial and ulnar
veins fork considerably earlier than there, the radial a little beyond,
the ulnar a little before, the middle of the basal half of the wing; as.
in C. selwyni, the principal veins become obsolete or subobsolete
before their termination, but both branches of the radial may be seen
to divide into fine forks next the margin, traceable only by favorable
light as pallid threads, and similar oblique off-shoots run from the
upper branch to the costa in the apical half of the wing. The general
color is but little darker than the light gray stone on which it occurs,
and is nearly uniform, but a faint darker cloud traverses the wing just
beyond the middle. It is profusely punctate, the puncta much the
largest at the base and growing gradually finer, somewhat more ap-
proximated, and slightly less distinct in passing down the wing.

Length of tegmina, 21".

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 96, Dr. G.
M. Dawson, 1888.

Patecepnora Scudder.

Palecphora Scuvp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 324 (1890).

This group was established on half a dozen very common species
found at Florissant, Colorado, but not one of them can compare in
size with the species here recorded, which is very imperfect, but
seems to be nearly allied to this group.

Paleephora sp.

Bi igitio.

ah

It is unfortunate that this species is so poorly represented, for it is
perhaps the largest insect that has been found in the British Columbia
tertiaries. It shows the overlying tegmina and wings, the separa-
tion of the obverse and reverse having torn the former so that only a
portion of each can be seen. Perhaps by removing the overlying
portion on each, the whole of the tegmina might be exposed on one,

the whole of one of the wings on the other. Enough is preserved in

scupoer. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. Li

sight to indicate that it probably belongs to Palecphora or its near
vicinity, but not enough to properly characterize it. The tegmina,
however, were about two and a half times as long as broad, and
punctate throughout, but not deeply and rather distantly, especially
near the base; it appears also to have been of a ight testaceous color,
and to have been traversed by three narrow, transverse, black or
blackish belts (not shown in the figure) of somewhat irregular and
broken course, one just before the middle, one midway between this
and the base, and one midway between the median belt and the tip,
The neuration of the wings, the only part at all shown, and in a
fragmentary way, is apparently very similar to that of Paleephora.

Length of tegmina, 25"".; breadth, 9.75™™.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 93ab,
Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1888..

SPENECPHORA (a72v0¢, exgopd) Gen. nov.

This new type of Cercopide is to be characterized only from its
tegmina, which have a remarkably broad apex, a very slender clavus,
and radial and ulnar veins that fork extremely far towards the base,
the former at about the middle of the basal half of the tegmina, the
latter still earlier ; they are all united by delicate continuous trans-
versals at about the base of the apical sixth of the wings and beyond
that fork more or less, or send from the transversals delicate shoots,
forming between them the apical cells; similar shoots are thrown off
to the costal margin by the apical half of the upper branch of the
radial nervure before the transversals.

A single species has been found.

Stenecphora punctulata.

8)

lo)

Pl. 1, fi

w

Apparently the tegmina are of uniform width, but the clavus is not
preserved (though it must have been very slender, to judge from the
rest of the tegmina) with the apex rather broadly rounded, and the
costa tolerably straight but slightly, broadly, and roundly bent
opposite the divarication of the radial vein, to form a shoulder. The
tegmina are almost uniformly dark brownish fuliginous, profusely
and uniformly punctulate, and most of the minor veinlets at the
extreme apex of the wing are forked just before the margin. The
base of the wing is broken so that the exact length cannot be

18 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

certainly told, but an impression of the base of the costal margin
renders it tolerably certain.

Length of tegmina, 19.5™".; breadth, 6.5™".

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen and its reverse,
No. 94ab, Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1888.

Dawsonires, Gen. nov.

A stout-bodied, rather large form of Cercopide, not very far
removed from the tertiary Palecphora Scudd., of Colorado, and
somewhat resembling the existing Philenus Stal, of the Old World,
but with distinctive neuration of the tegmina, in that the radial vein
forks at the middle of the wing, and that the transversals near the
tip of the wing form between the radial forks and the interspace
between the radial and ulnar veins, but not between the ulnar forks,
a double set of similar and small cellules a little longer than broad.

A single species occurs. The name is given in honor of Dr.
George M. Dawson.

Dawsonites veter.

Eloise. £0.

A crushed body with displaced parts shows nothing characteristic
except a very broad head and the two tegmina, one of them turned
end for end. These show the peculiar neuration described under the
genus. They are slightly more than two and a half times longer
than broad, with a very gently convex costa, tapering rapidly in the
apical fourth so that the apex is sharply rounded with six or seven
apical cells around its narrowest part ; the tegmina are mostly very
dark brown, but a more or less distinct, moderately broad, pallid belt
crosses the middle of the wing, most distinct in the costal half,
and all the cells are more or less conspicuously pallid, excepting at
the veins.

Width of head, 3.6"".;. length of tegmina, 9.5"".; breadth of same,
3.650",

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen and its reverse,
No. 87ab, Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1888.

STENOLOCRIS (azevos, Locris, nom. gen.) Gen. nov.

This name is proposed for an insect of large size, apparently
belonging to the Cercopidz, but imperfectly known. Only the basal
half or more of the tegmina is preserved, but this shows a very

YY ta’

ae

scuooeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 19

anomalous neuration. The costal vein is of extraordinary stoutness
and importance, running about midway between the radial vein and the
margin, and extending certainly halfway to the tip, the heaviest vein
in the wing. But what is more striking is that the radial vein forks
very near the base, scarcely beyond the costal shoulder, while the
ulnar, instead of having an earlier divarication, does not fork until
the vein has passed as far beyond the radial fork, as the latter is from
the base of the wing.
A single species is known, of a large size.

Stenolocris venosa.
Pla fies Wl.

The fragment represents about half of a very large wing-cover,
having the general form of that of Cercopis grandescens from the
same bed. The costal margin is the only one that remains intact ;
this shows a broadly angulate rounded shoulder, The wing is a little
darker than the stone, but the veins are heavily marked, the costal
vein in black, the others in dark brown, the latter color also extend-
ing in an oblique broad crenulate belt across the middle of the inner
half of the fragment, the same area, as well as the embrowned vein
margins, profusely and rather finely granulate.

Length of fragment, 14"; probable length of tegmina, 24™;
breadth of fragment, 7.5™.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 86, Dr. G.
M. Dawson, 1888.

Sub-family APHROPHORIN &.

Although not so abundant in the species of this group as the ter-
tiaries of the United States, the British Columbia beds show more
variety in structure, as indicated by the number of generic groups,
half of which are here made known for the first time, while the others
agree with those from the United States deposits.

PaLAPHRODES Scudder.
Palaphrodes Scuvp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 333 (1890).

To this genus, recently established upon a number of species found
at Florissant, Colorado, must pretty certainly be referred an incom-
plete fragment from the Similkameen.

Palaphrodes sp.
The presence of a species of this genus in the British Columbia
tertiaries is indicated by a part of the overlapping hind wings of one

20 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALA ONTOLOGY.

individual in which the characteristic part of the venation appears ;
but whether it is identical with any of the species from the Florissant
tertiaries cannot be told on account of the incompleteness of the frag-
ment; and on this account it has not seemed worth while to figure it.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 99, Dr. G.
M. Dawson, 1888.

APHROPHORA Germar.

Half a dozen fossil species from different parts of Europe, as well
as one from Florissant, have been referred to this group as typical of
the sub-family. The one here added not only certainly belongs to
the sub-family, but if not an Aphrophora proper, must be exceedingly
close to it, as the structure of the hind wings is almost identical with
that of A. a/ni of Europe.

Aphrophora sp.
Piette. A.

The abdomen and the greater part of the hind wing of a single indi-
vidual are all that represent this species. The abdomen shows nothing
but some crushed tapering segments; the wing is characteristically
that of Aphrophora, the second and third longitudinal veins bending
toward the transverse cross vein which unites them near the middle of
the apical half of the wing, the third and fourth being united by a trans-
verse vein near the middle of the wing (farther back than usual) and
the latter forked about midway between the two cross veins; the
sixth and seventh veins, however, if united at all, are so only at the
extreme base of the wing.

Length of fragment of wing, 14™".; probable complete length, 17";
breadth, 7™.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 88ab, Dr.
G. M. Dawson, 1888.

PTYSMAPHORA (atbopa, g?pw) Gen. nov.

This genus is peculiar among Aphrophorinz for the very early
forking of both the uinar and radial veins, both within the middle of
the wing, and for the great length of the apical cells. The tegmina
are elongated and subequal, only tapering in the apical sixth, the apex
roundly pointed. The upper radial fork sends several shoots to the
costal margin in the apical half of the tegmina forming several mar-
ginal cells.

scupoeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. ik

The genus most resembles Paleoptysma from the same beds, but
is a much larger form with straight costa beyond the shoulder and
with much earlier divarication of the radial vein. <A single species is
known.

Ptysmaphora fletcheri.
Py Gn tie. 6.

The tegmina are light brown in color, a little darker near the mar-
gins, with the veins delicately traced as pallid lines. The transversals
forming the base of the apical cells run in a somewhat zigzag
course across the middle of the outer half of the wing uniting the
outermost veins, and beyond these transversals the veins are nearly all
more or less forked. The tegmina appear to have a coriaceous tex-
ture but no trace of punctuation can anywhere be seen.

Length of tegmina, 14.5"".; breadth, 4™.

Named for the Government Entomologist of Canada.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 95ab, Dr.
G. M. Dawson, 1888.

PALAOPTYSMA (zadatds, ztbgva). Gen. nov.

Known only by its tegmina, which are elongated, equal, subcultri-
form, obliquely truncate at the tip with the angles rounded. The
radial vein recedes remarkably from the costal margin in the basal half
of the tegmina, and forks apparently before the middle of the tegmina
(the base of which is lost), the upper branch sending a single offshoot
to form a marginal cell previous to the anastomosis, which is in about
the middle of the apical two-fifths of the tegmina ; the main apical
cells are thus very long ; the ulnar vein forks by or before the middle
of the basal half of the tegmina.

This is a very slender form of Aphrophorinz, and I scarcely know
with what modern type to compare it. A single species occurs in
British Columbia.

Paleoptysma venosa.

Led me Gilesgate

The single specimen exhibits only the greater part of one of the
tegmina, showing that they were nearly or quite three and a half
times longer than broad, faintly cultriform (a characteristic exag-
erated in the figure by too strong a curvature), the costal margin
gently and regularly convex. The general color was a nearly uniform

light brown, but with all the veins heavily marked in very dark
D

22 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALASONTOLOGY,.

brown, while the light brown of the base becomes pallid in a large
round spot occupying all the apex of the wing to beyond the trans-
versals, heightening the effect of the dark veins at this point. The
transversals forming the base of the apical cells run in a perfectly
straight course between the lower forks of the radial and ulnar veins,
but above this become zigzag ; beyond the transversals most of the
veins are forked. No punctuation can be detected.

Length of fragment, 9.5"".; probable length of the tegmina, 11™".;
breadth, 2.7"". The drawing represents the wing too broad.

North Fork of Similkameen River.—One specimen, No. 92, Dr. G.
M. Dawson, 1888.

HETEROPTERA.

Family HYDROBATID.

A single species of this family has been found in British Columbia
which I formerly placed, with reserve, in Hygrotrechus, but have
since studied more carefully and concluded that it should form the
type of an extinct genus, to which also I referred a species from the
tertiaries of Wyoming.

TELMATRECHUS Scudder.
elmatrechus Scupv., Tert. Ins. N. A., 351 (1890).

This genus is closely allied to Hygrotrechus Stal, and combining
as it does many of the features of this genus and Limnotrechus Stal,
may well have been the lineal predecessor of both. The antenne
have the first joint only a little longer than the second. The eyes
are not at all prominent. The thorax is relatively shorter than in
Hygrotrechus. The legs are very long, the tibiz of each pair of legs
about as long as the femora of the same legs, an equality which I
have not found in any other genera of Hydrobatide ; in the fore legs
the equality is perfect; in the middle legs the tibiew are slightly
longer, in the hind legs slightly shorter, than the femora ; the hind
femora are slightly longer than the middle pair ; so far as can be told
from the imperfect remains the tarsi of the middle and hind legs are
much shorter than, not a half or probably a third the length of, their
respective tibiz. The posterior lateral edges of the sixth abdominal
segment are produced to a tooth precisely as in Limnotrechus.

bo
oo

scuoeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS.

Telmatrechus stali.

Hygrotrechus stali Scuvp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can,, 1877-78,
183-184B (1879).

Telmatrechus stali Scupv., Tert. Ins. N. A., 351-353, pl. m1, figs.
11, 12 (1890).

The thorax seems to be shorter than in Hygrotrechus, with the
limits of the prosternum more visibly marked from above ; the eyes
do not appear to be so prominent, and the first antennal joint would
seem, from the position of the others, to be shorter than in Hygro-
trechus. The insect is about the same size as our HZ. remigis (Say).
The head, as seen on a side view, is small and rounded ; thorax
minutely scabrous like the head, narrowing rather rapidly and
uniformly, the posterior limit of the prosternum marked by a slight
depression next the anterior cox, the whole thorax considerably
longer than broad. Abdomen tapering, the apical angles of the
sixth segment produced to a sharp but short spine, reaching the
middle of the succeeding segment. Antenne nearly (perhaps quite)
as long as the head and thorax together. Fore femora equal, stout,
as long as the thorax ; fore tibie of the same length ; middle and
hind legs very slender ; middle femora considerably more than twice
as long as the fore femora, the tibize nearly three times as long as the
fore tibize and of the same length as the hind femora ; hind tibiz a
little more than twice as long as the fore femora ; first joint of hind
tarsi about one-fifth the length of the hind tibiz. On one of the
Specimens, preserved on a dorsal view, a line is seen proceeding from
either side of the thorax, directly in front of the middle cox, and
passing toward and nearly to the middle of the hinder edge of the
second abdominal segment with some distinctness, accompanied on
the second and third segments by other lines which seem to indicate
the veins of the tegmina, the first-mentioned line being the sutura
clavi ; but all trace of lines is lost beyond the third segment, as if the
wings did not extend over more than half the abdomen ; on the
specimen preserved on a side view, they appear to extend to the hind
edge of the sixth abdominal segment. Attached to the posterior
extremity of the abdomen is a pair of stout lappets, nearly straight,
but curving slightly outward, equal, about twice as long as broad,
rounded and very slightly produced at the tip.

In a specimen (No. 70) which I have considered an immature indi-
vidual of this species, but which may possibly be a Metrobates, the
middle and hind femora are of equal length.

94 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

Length of body, 19.75™ ; of head, 1.5™ >; of thorax 5"; breadth
of anterior extremity of thorax, 1.75"; of posterior extremity, 3.5™;
of sixth abdominal segment, 2"; length of fore femora, 5™"; of fore
tibia, 5™"; of middle femora, 12.5"; of middle tibiae, 14™5 of
hind femora, 14"; of hind tibie, 11.5"; of first joint of hind tarsi,
2.3"; of abdominal lappets, 1.3"; breadth of hind femora, 0.35™";

of hind tibie, 0.2™"; of hind tarsi, 0.15™.

I name the interesting species after my lamented friend,. Dr. C.
Stal, of Stockholm, whose marvelous industry and keen insight into
the structure of Hemiptera is known to all entomologists.

Three miles up the North Fork of the Similkameen River.—Three
specimens, Nos. 70, 71 and 72, 73. Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1877.

Family PENTATOMID/.

The only other one of the Heteroptera and the last species to record
is one of the sub-family Pentatominze, which I formerly referred to
Euschistus, but which a careful study in connection with other Ameri-
can tertiary Pentatomine shows to belong to an extinct type, which
has two other members, both at Florissant, Colorado.

TEeLEoscHistus Scudder.
Teleoschistus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 454 (1890).

Head of moderate size, nearly half as broad as the thorax, and dis-
tinctly broader than long, scarcely longer than the intraocular width,
the portion in front of the eyes subquadrate, with broadly rounded
front, rounded angles, the tylum and juga of equal length. Rostrum
reaching, as seen through the specimen, opposite a point a little be-
yond the base of the scutellum. The thorax is pentagonal, the base
at least half as long again as the straight, oblique, posterior lateral
margins, the nearly straight but slightly convex anterior lateral
margins at right angles to the posterior and a little longer than they,
the apical border emarginate for its whole length for the reception of
the head, less than half as long as the breadth of the widest part
of the thorax and scarely shorter than the middle length of the thorax.
Scutellum triangular, vaulted, of nearly equal length and breadth, the
tip angulate and not produced, reaching less than half-way to the tip
of the abdomen. Mesosternum much longer than the metasternum,
the coxal cavities of the two hinder pairs of legs contiguous, separated
only by a common paries.

scuooeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 95

Teleoschistus antiquus.

EHuschistus antiquus Scupp., Rep. Progr. Geol. Surv. Can., 1876—
77, 459-461 (1878).

Teleoschistus antiquus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 454-456, pl. 1,
figs. 17-19 (1890).

The principal specimen is unusually perfect, and appears to be a
male. The head is slightly longer than broad, equal beyond the ex-
panding base, broadly rounded and somewhat flattened in front ; the
slight carine marking the borders of the middle lobe are parallel
throughout and extend to the front of the head. The thorax is so
imperfectly preserved as to throw doubt upon the generic affinities of
the insect, but it appears to have been more than twice as broad as
long, with a median furrow, and its front margin very slightly con-
cave behind the head ; probably, also, it was considerably produced
at the hinder lateral angles, and had its lateral margin slightly denti-
culate anteriorly. The scutellum is large, a little narrower than the
breadth of the base of the abdomen, of nearly equal length and
breadth, pretty regularly triangular, but with a sight emargination of
the sides on their basal half ; the tip bluntly pointed and rounded off,
extending a little way upon the middle of the strongly advanced
fourth abdominal segment. The surface of the head, prothorax, and
scutellum is covered pretty uniformly and abundantly with distinct
round punctures, which are, however, deepest, most sharply defined,
and so abundant as nearly to occupy the entire surface, on the front
half of the head and next the margins of the prothorax. The corium
of the tegmina includes more than half the wing, and is covered with
punctures, deeply impressed, and much minuter and more frequent
than on the scutellum ; there is also a distinct vein passing down the
middle, a little to one side, and another separating the clavus from
the corium, but distinct on the specimen only apically, where it is
continuous with the inner margin of the membrane. The membrane
is well rounded, but slightly produced at the outer angle, and the space
is occupied by nine nearly longitudinal veins, distributed in three sets
of three each : the first set is composed of three obscure veins, pretty
close together next the inner edge, originating from the same point,
equidistant from one another, the innermost hugging the inner mar-
gin; from apparently the same point originates the next cluster,
starting in a single vein, which almost immediately forks, and. sends
its innermost branch parallel to those mentioned ; the other branch
diverges strongly from it and again forks, the two branches running

26 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

parallel to the first ; while from opposite the point of origin of the
last fork the third cluster takes its rise, starting as a shouldered vein,
which forks at its shoulder into two slightly divergent veins which
run subparallel to the previous veins ; but the innermost of these
again forks beyond its middle, crowding the veins together at this
point; there is also a short, tenth, independent vein close to the
outer extremity of the produced coriaceous field. The outer margin
of the wing is delicately wrinkled with a simulation of veinlets. The
abdomen is ovate, somewhat regularly tapering at its outer half ; the
apex obscure but apparently regularly rounded ; the pleure are punc-
tured like the scutellum, while the dorsal surface is minutely and pro-
fusely but obscurely punctulate. Such portions of the chitine as
remain are of an intense black. The specimen is apparently a male,
but whether two small triangular pieces, nearly equiangular, following
the posterior edge of the sixth abdominal segment laterally, are to be
considered the anal cerci is doubtful.

Directly beside this specimen, and, in fact, partly underlying it,
are the abdomen and part of the sternum of another insect, which,
although much smaller, should doubtless be regarded as the female of
the same species. This abdomen shows the under surface ; it is
very rounded and ovate, the extremity well rounded, the sixth seg-
ment represented by a circular fissured plate. The sides of the abdo-
men are punctulate, as in the other specimen, but the purrctulation
dies out before reaching the middle of the abdomen. Little can be
said of the other parts of the body, excepting that the rostrum appears
to terminate at the front limit of the middle cox, and the sternal
parts of the thorax are coarsely punctate as above and more particul-
arly at the margins of the separate pieces.

Length of the male, 15"; of head, 2.9"; breadth of same beyond
the base, 2.4™; length of thorax, 3.25"; of tegmina, 11™"; breadth
of same near tip, 4.35™"; length of scutellum, 4.2" ; breadth of
same, 4.5"; greatest breadth of abdomen, 8"; breadth of its dorsal
face at tip of scutellum, 6™. Length of abdomen of female, measured
beneath, 4™"; breadth of same, 5™™; width of fissured plate, 1.25™™.

Quesnel.—One specimen, No. 38, Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1876.

~ pee

SS a

PLATE Tf.

From India ink drawings by Mrs. Katherine Pierson Ramsay.

Fig. 1. Cercopites torpescens, 2.

2. Cercopis grandescens, ?.
3. Ricania antiquata, $.

5

-]

mila

4. Aphrophora sp.,
. Enchophora sp. ; the frontal process, 2.
Ptysmaphora fletcheri, %.

7. Palecphora sp., 2.

8. Paleoptysma venosa, &.

9. Stenecphora punctulata, 7.

10. Dawsonites veter, §.

11. Stenolocris venosa, 3.

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CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

WiC EjOeVEE, aa

CANADIAN FOSSIL: INSECTS.

By Samuey H. Scupper.
2. The Coleoptera hitherto found fossil in Canada.

Coleoptera have been found fossil in seven distinct localities in Canada
and at three very different horizons, viz., in Post-pliocene deposits (Scar-
boro’, Ontario, and Green’s Creek, Gloucester, Ontario), the Tertiary
series proper and probably its lower half (the four localities in British
Columbia from which fossil insects are known), and the Cretaceous rocks
(Millwood, Manitoba). The last has yielded but a single species, now
first described—a Curculionid. The lower Tertiary rocks have fourteen
species, belonging to as many as eight families, only the Chrysomelide,
Buprestidze and Elateridee having more than one each. The Post-pliocene
deposits have proved the most prolific with thirty-two species, though
here only seven families are represented, of which the Carabide and Sta-
phylinide, but especially the former, very largely preponderate. The
greatest interest attaches to the interglacial locality near Scarboro’, Ont.,
which alone has yielded twenty-nine species*, and is the largest assem-
blage of insects ever found in such a deposit anywhere. These clays have
been studied and their fossils collected by Dr. G. J. Hinde}, who sets
forth the reasons why he regards them as interglacial, lying as they do
upon a morainal till of a special character and overlain by till of a distinet
kind. The elytra and other parts of beetles found by him represent five
families and fifteen genera ; they are largely Carabide, there being half-
a-dozen species each of Platynus and Pterostichus, and species also of
Patrobus, Bembidium, Loricera and Elaphrus.

The next family in importance is the Staphylinide, of which there are
five genera, Geodromicus, Arpedium, Bledius, Oxyporus and Lathrobium,,
each with a single species. Hydrophilide are represented by Hydrochus
and Helophorus, each with one species, and the Chrysomelide by two
species of Donacia. Finally a species of Scolytidee must have made the
borings under the bark of juniper described below.

—* This. statement includes four species Giyarcehus amickus, Helophorus rigescens,
Pterostichus dormitans, and Bembidium fragmentum), found byDr. Hinde near Clevel: and,
Ohio, on the shores of Lake Erie, in clay beds very similar to those found near Scar boro’,
on the shores of Lake Ontario, but not found at Scarboro’ itself. They undoubtedly
belong to the same category.

+ Can. Journ. Se., N.S., xv, 288-413 (1887).

1

28 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

Looking at the assemblage of forms as a whole and noting the distri-
bution of the species to which they seem to be most nearly related, they
are plainly indigenous to the soil, but would perhaps be thought to have
come from a somewhat more northern locality than that in which they
were found ; not one of them can be referred to existing species, but the
nearest allies of not a few of them are to be sought in the Lake Superior
and Hudson Bay region, while the larger part are inhabitants of Canada
and the northern United States, or the general district in which the
deposit occurs. In no single instance have any special affinities been found
with any characteristically southern form, though several are most nearly
allied to species found there as well as in the north. A few seem to be
most nearly related to Pacific forms, such as the Elaphrus and one each of
the species of Platynus and Pterostichus. On the whole, the fauna has a
boreal aspect, though by no means so decidedly boreal as one would anti-
cipate under the circumstances. ,

The other locality for Pleistocene insects is Green’s Creek, where in
nodules otherwise containing mainly marine organisms still living, three
species of land beetles have been found, each belonging to a distinct
family, and one of them, Byrrhide, a family not otherwise represented
among Canadian fossils.

The eight families represented in the older tertiaries of British Colum-
bia, are with two exceptions (Scarabeeidee and Nitidulids, each with a
single species) also found in the later tertiaries to the eastward. Of these,
half a dozen species have been found in each of the two basins where they
are most common, namely, on the Nicola River and the north fork of the
Similkameen, the deposits at Nine-Mile Creek having been laid down,
according to Dr. Dawson, in the same lake with the latter ; in each case
these half dozen species belong to four families, but only one of these
families, the Elateridz, is represented in both. All this indicates that
what we have found is the merest fragment of a very diversified fauna.
Yet it remains to be added that Quesnel, perhaps the most prolific loca-
lity of all these, has produced but a single beetle, of a family, Nitidulide,
not elsewhere represented.

Family SCOLYTID.

Hywastes Erichson.

Hylastes? squalidens.

Scolytidae sp., Scupp., Can. Ent., xvii, 194—96 (1886).
Hylastes ? squalidens Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 468--469, Pl. 1, figs. 23-25 (1890).

Prof. G. J. Hinde sent mea branchof a conifer obtained by him from the
interglacial clays near Toronto on account of its being scored with insect

eounveR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 29

tracks. From an examination of the cell structure, Dr. G. L. Goodale
has determined it to be the branch of Juniperus communis. It is about
12:5™ in length and 13 by 18™™" in thickness; the scorings, which
cover a considerable part of the surface, are made by several distinct
tracks of a scolytid larva, which appears to be referable to Hylastes,
Phleeosinus, or some near ally. There are parts of at least six different
sets of tracks on this small fragment.

The mating chamber is more or less triangular, resembling often a
shark’s tooth in form (whence the name), generally equiangular or triden-
tate, the apex upward. ‘Two of these chambers from which no main
galleries take their rise occur on the stick ; they may, however, have some
other explanation, since they are much narrower and much more deeply
excavated than the other mating chambers. Possibly they were unsatis-
factory to the constructor and left unfinished.

From the mating chambers, which are not deep, and are about 3™™ in
diameter, pass the main galleries : these generally run obliquely, but more
nearly transverse than longitudinal, are subequal, and take their rise one
on either side of the mating chamber at the lateral angles and run in
exactly or almost exactly opposite directions. In one case, however,
there is but one main gallery, and in another they are at right angles to
each other, one being longitudinal; but in this latter case the mating
chamber is in the reverse of the usual position, the apex being downward.
These main galleries vary from 1:5 to 8" in length, and are slightly
more than a millimetre wide, with dentate edges, marking probably the
sinuses where the eggs are laid by the parent.

At least this is the custom with the mining beetles; but here, as in
some other rare cases, the young larve do not begin to nine at right angles
to the main gallery, but all start from one spot, either the summit of the
mating chamber or the extremity of one of the main galleries, and thence
burrow in irregular and somewhat interlacing mines in a longitudinal
direction, but nearly all apparently either upward or else downward, not,
as usually, in the two directions almost equally. Apparently they may
often turn upon their course again and again, or they may mine in an
almost perfectly straight line or in a tortuous line for as much as 5° in
the whole of which distance the mine will scarcely have doubled in
width ; indeed, in many cases it is difficult to tell in which direction the
larva has moved. The greatest width of these mines is scarcely more
than half a millimetre, and they vary greatly in depth.

The connection between the main gallery and the mines is often obscure,
owing doubtless to the younger larve burrowing more in the bark than
in the wood (the bark being here entirely lost). In one case there is a
mating chamber and a pair of short galleries, but nothing more ; here

apparently the mother fell a prey to some enemy before oviposition.
1g

30 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.,

This mode of origin of the larval mines seems to be different from any-
thing hitherto described, and it is therefore difficult to decide to what
minor group of insects the creature constructing the mines belonged. In
the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge is a mine of Scolytus
rugulosus on cherry, which shows a somewhat similar distribution of the
larval mines, emerging and diverging from one point of the mating cham-
ber ; but the main galleries are reduced to almost nothing, and the figures
of the mines of this species given by Ratzeburg are altogether different.

This specimen is one of those branches ‘“ of some coniferous tree,” which
Mr. Hinde in his article on the glacial and interglacial strata of Scarboro’
Heights (/oc. cit.) states to occur in the layers between the beds of clay
and sand found between his ‘till No. 1” and “till No. 2,” and which
are described as “flattened by pressure, their edges : :
worn as if they had been long macerated in water.” This is exactly true
of the present fragment.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’, Ont.—G. J. Hinde.

Family CURCULIONIDA.
HYLOBIITES.

Under this new generic term, for convenience sake, I place the fragment
of a very well marked but imperfect elytron, which seems to come as near
Pachylobius as any of our genera, and to fall probably in the Hylobiini.

Hylobiites cretaceus.
Pe a, tierce).

The single specimen is the fragment of an elytron, including its entire
tip, showing that there were ten slender striz of which the first and
tenth, second and ninth, third and eighth severally united at an acute
angle at slight and regularly increasing distances from the apex, while
the fourth and fifth are confluent just before reaching the eighth, and the
sixth and seventh are confluent and a little incurved just before reaching
the fifth, and where they are scarcely farther from the tip than from the
inner margin ; these strie are deeply impressed, shining piceous, and dis-
tinctly punctate, the puncta slight and a little elongate ; the interspaces
are strongly convex, as is the elytron itself, and are minutely and pro-
fusely punctulate, the puncta more or less laterally confluent, at the apex
of the elytra forming irregular arcuate transverse ridges between the
strie, having their concavity forward.

Length, 4°5"™.; breadth 1-5™™.

SCUDDER: | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 31

Millwood on the Assiniboine River, north-western Manitoba, from
nodules in the Pierre shales.—J. B. Tyrrell, 1888.

This is the second cretaceous insect that has been discovered in North
America, the first being Corydalites from the Laramie beds of Colorado.

Family TENEBRIONID A.

TeNEBRIO Linné.
Tenebrio primigenius.

Tenebrio primigenius:Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Sury. Can., 1877-78, 183 B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N. A., 483-484, Pl. 1., fig. 32 (1890).

A single, complete, and well-preserved elytron represents a species of
Tenebrionide, a little larger than, and somewhat resembling, 7'enebrio
molitor (Linn.), the beetle of the common meal-worm. It has been flattened
by pressure, so as to show but little sign of having been arched ; while at
the same time the shape is fairly preserved. Wherever it differs in colour
from the stone it is piceous. The margins are very nearly parallel, approach-
ing each other rather gradually and very regularly toward the tip; there
are eight equidistant, pretty strongly impressed, rather coarse, longitu-
dinal strize, besides others next the outer margin, whose number cannot
be determined, and a short scutellar stria, about as long as in 7’, molitor,
but quite as distinct as the others ; the surface between the strive appears
to be very minutely subrugulose, and shows in favourable light a faint
transverse corrugation.

Length of elytron, 11™ ; breadth, 4-4™™.

Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 63
TJawson.

Dr Gave

Tenebrio caleulensis.

Pl. m1, figs: 1, 6.

In a clay nodule are exposed, besides other objects, the partly twisted
more or less separated and broken members of a beetle, the anterior half
of the under surface of which is also seen. It appears to belong to the
Tenebrionide in the near vicinity of Tenebrio, but to combine with a
delicate punctuation and independent feeble striation of the elytra, a
coarsely punctate, almost rugose metasternum very foreign to Tenebrio
and more such as is found in Cibdelis where, however, the elytra have by
no means the delicacy found in the fossil. Other and more important
reasons for placing it in or near Tenebrio are the close approximation of
the fore and middle legs when the pronotum is bent down, the slight

32 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL ONTOLOGY

separation of the insertion of opposite legs, and the form of the metaster-

num.

The insect must have been of about the size of the common 7’, molitor.
Head well rounded, shaped, so far as can be seen, exactly asin 7’. molitor,
the surface uniformly more finely, more densely, and perhaps not quite so
deeply punctate. Fore and middle cox attingentor subattingent when the
prothorax is bent down, the middle pair separated from each other by about
half the middle length of the metasternum ; the metasternum is shaped
in general as in 7’. molitor, but is relatively shorter, and the anterior
mesial lobe, which separates the middle coxve, is much broader andshorter,
and its front border is slightly emarginate; as in 7’. molitor there is a
median sulcus, deepest posteriorly, but the surface sculpture is very dif-
ferent, being coarsely and profusely punctate, coarsest and more separated
on the anterior mesial lobe, more or less confluent, transversely, next the
rest of the anterior margin. The femora are much shorter and stouter
than in 7’, molitor, rather coarsely punctate, the tibie far stouter, resem-
bling the femora and similarly punctate. The elytra are punctate exactly
like the head, with sharply incised, fine, but by no means deep strie,
which become evanescent toward the tip.

Width of metasternum, 4:9"; length of same, 1:25"; length of
hind femora, 2°25™™",

Tenebrio molitor occurs in North America from Nova Scotia to Mexico,
and is also found in Alaska. It is a European insect.*

Green’s Creek, township of Gloucester, Ontario. One specimen, with
reverse—Henry M. Ami, 1884.

Family CHRYSOMELID 4.
GALERUCELLA Crotch.
Galerucella picea.

Gallerucella picea Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 182-183 B
(1879).
Galerucella picea Scupp,, Tert. Ins. N.A., 485, Pl. 1, fig. 31 (1890).

A pair of rather poorly preserved elytra, parted at the tip and showing
between and through them the outlines of the abdominal segments, repre-
sents a species of Chrysomelide, which appears to be most nearly allied to
the genus in which I have placed it, and to be about the form of, and a
little smaller than, G. maritima LeC. The elytra are uniformly piceous
throughout, showing no marks of lighter coloured borders ; there are faint

*¥or information on the distribution of American Coleoptera I always rely upon the
ready and efficient aid of my friend, Mr. Samuel Henshaw, of Cambridge.

SCUDDER. CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. oD

indications of one or two marginal impressed lines in their outer half, and
the whole surface seems to have been very minutely punctate, more faintly
and finely than in the existing species mentioned. The abdomen is very
broadly and very regularly rounded, subovate, and at least five segments
of similar length can be determined.

Breadth of the pair of elytra at base, 3°75™™; length of elytra,
5:5™™ >; breadth of abdomen, 3:25""; length of penultimate segment,
O-4m™,

Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 62—Dr. G. M.

Dawson.
CrYPTOCEPHALITES Gen. nov. (Cryptocephalus, nom. gen.)

Under this name I am compelled to place, until further material is at
hand, an elytron of a bettle which presents certain peculiar features I
have not been able to find in any modern form, and by which it seems
to be allied to the tribe Cryptocephalini among Chrysomelide. This
feature consists in the presence of an apparently flat, narrow and narrow-
ing area along the sutural margin, corresponding to that which would lie
within the first complete stria of the Cryptocephalini, and covering the
longer or shorter humeral stria (where one exists) ; this is accompanied by
an independent arching of the rest of the elytron with its strie. The
form of the elytron, especially its considerable apical narrowing and the
sculpture of its surface, does not agree well with this group of Chrysome-
lidee, and I am by no means confident that its place has been properly
indicated by this reference.

Cryptocephalites punctatus.
Blom, tig. 4.

The single elytron is nearly perfect, only a fragment of the outer base
being lost. It is a little more than twice as long as broad, broadest
before the middle of the basal half, narrowing, at first gradually, after-
wards more rapidly, by the curvature of the outer margin, the apex
rapidly narrowing on both sides and bluntly subacuminate. There are
four blunt and dull-beaded ridges, with five narrower, slighter, and more
finely beaded but sharper ridges between them and outside the outer ones,
while the interspaces are marked by irregular longitudinal series of minute
beads, all the so-called beads being probably shallow puncta seen in
reverse; the flat inner area appears to have no definite sculpture, but to
be not altogether smooth.

Length, 4"; breadth, 1:8™.

North fork of Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen,
No. 101—-Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1888.

34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALA ONTOLOGY.
Donacia Fabricius.
Donacia stiria.
Donacia stivria Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., Pl. 1, fig. 28 (1890).

This is represented by the mere fragment of an elytron, but with a
distinct kind of sculpturing. It seems to come as near D. porosicollis Lac.,
as any of our modern species I have seen. The tip is the part preserved ;
it is of a deep blue-black colour, with an excessively fine, microscopic,
transverse rugulation, delicately impressed narrow striz, the strize minu-
tely punctulate, the first and last striz moderately distant from the
margins, deeply impressed, and less distinctly punctate. It is apparently
a rather small species.

Length of fragment, 3:-2"™" ; breadth of same, 1-4".

Donacia porosicollis has been found in Massachusetts and on the shores
of Lake Superior.

Interglacial clays of the neighbourhood of Scarboro’, Ontario. One
specimen, No. 14558—G. J. Hinde.

Donacia pompatica.
Donacia pompatica Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 486-487, Pl. 1, figs. 33, 34 (1890).

This species, of which there are several examples at hand, is most
nearly allied to our living D. pubicollis Suffr., but is much smaller, or
about the size of D. emarginata Kirb. As to the sculpture of the surface
of the elytra (the only part preserved in any specimen), it would be
difficult to say in what respect it differed from the former species, except
in the obliteration of the markings at the tip of the elytra, which seems
to be characteristic of the fossil. In colour it varies extremely ; in one
(No. 14582) it is bluish purple ; in another (No. 14566) it is deep brilliant
violet ; still another (No. 14577) has it dark metallic green. In all, the .
colours are as fresh as if living. The punctured strie are rather deep,
and the whole surface of the elytra transversely wrinkled at the punctures.

Length of elytron, 5"; breadth, 1-45™.

Donacia pubicollis occurs in Mlinois.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’”, Ontario. Five specimens, Nos. 14566,
14573, 14577, 14581, 14582—G. J. Hinde.

scupveR: | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 35
Family SCARABAIID Zi.
Trox Fabricius.

Trox oustaleti.

Trox owstaleti Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-78, 179-180 B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N. A., 487, pl. 11, fig. 22 (1890).

A single elytron, well preserved, appears to represent a species of Trox
of about the size of 7’. terrestris Say, but with rather slender elytra. The
elytron is subequal, narrowing rapidly and regularly at the tip, well arched,
and was apparently still more arched originally, the middle portion having
a flattened appearance, as if from pressure, with a narrow flattened outer
margin ; the surface is completely and uniformly covered with thirteen or
fourteen equal equidistant rows of frequent dull tubercles, as distant
from one another in the rows as each row from its neighbour, and obsoles-
cent toward the apex and the base, especially towards the former. In
certain places there is a very slight appearance of greater prominence to
every fourth row, which would hardly be noticed if its resemblance to
modern species of Trox did not lead one to look for it; the extreme tip
is broken. The colour is dark brown, approaching black, but the .whole
central portion of a faded brown, nearly resembling the natural colour of
the stone in which it is preserved.

Length of elytron, 4:25"; breadth, 1:85™".

Named after M. Emile Oustalet, of the Jardin des Plantes, whose
researches on the Tertiary insects of Auvergne and Aix are well known.

Nine-Mile Creek, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 61—Dr. G. M.

Dawson.

Family BUPRESTID 4.

: Buprestis Linné.
Buprestis tertiaria.

Buprestis tertiaria Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-78, 180-181 B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N.A., 493-494, pl. 1, fig. 23 (1890).

Three specimens were obtained of this species, all of them elytra. One
shows the two elytra crossed at the base, and a reverse of this shows the
cast of the upper surface ; the other two are single and perfect elytra,
both exhibiting the upper surface, one in relief, the other as a cast, but
they are not reverses. This and the two following species classed under
Buprestis agree closely together, but do not seem to be plainly referable
to any recent American genus, although approaching nearest Buprestis or

36 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY.

Ancylocheira. They seem to be nearly related also to the Tertiary species
from Sieblos, described by Heyden under the name of 4, senecta. For

the present I place them in Buprestis. po

The elytra are very long and slender, nearly four times as long as broad,
equal throughout the basal two-thirds, then gradually and very regularly
tapering by the sloping of the outer edge, the tip a little produced and-
rounded, and about one-fourth as broad as the middle of the elytron. The
surface is ornamented by ten rows of very distinct strie with rather
deeply impressed puncta ; these striz are a little sinuous near the base,
and there is also a scutellar stria extending down nearly one-third of the
elytron; the outer stria unites with the margin in the middle of the
outer half of the elytron; the three inner and two other outer striz
extend to the apex, while the four interior strix terminate: the inner
pair a little beyond the termination of the outer stria, the outer pair still
a little farther toward the apex, thus allowing for the narrowing of the
elytra; the surface between the striz is much broken by slight transverse
corrugations, giving, with the punctate striz, a rough appearance to the
elytra. This species differs from the two following by the great slender-
ness of the elytra and the more delicate tapering of its tip.

Lefigth of elytron, 6-5"; breadth, 1-7™.

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Three specimens,
Nos. 48, 51 and 52, 54—_-Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Buprestis saxigena.

Buprestis saxigena Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-78, 181 B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N. A., 494-495, pl. m7, figs. 24, 25 (1890).

This species is represented by several elytra or fragments of elytra,
sometimes preserved by pairs in natural connection. It is very closely
allied to the last, but differs from it in having the elytra less slender, the
breadth being contained about three and a half times in the length, and in
the rather greater coarseness of the punctuation and transverse corru-
gation. The strizw are the same in number, but are, perhaps, a little more
sinuous, and the scutellar stria is shorter, hardly extending so much as a
quarter-way down the inner margin; the outer strie terminate in much
the same way as in B. tertiaria, but the seventh stria (from the suture)
frequently runs to, or very nearly to, the tip ; the extreme tip is formed
precisely as in B. tertiaria, but the sides of the elytra, running parallel
throughout three-quarters of their length, taper toward the apex more
abruptly than in the preceding species, though with the same regularity.
This species stands midway between the other two here described in the
form of the apical third of the elytra.

Length, Jee breadth, 1-7,

scuoveR: | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 37

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. Five specimens,
Nos. 47 and 54, 49, 50, 55, 56—Dr. G. M. Dawson.
)
Buprestis sepulta.
Buprestis sepulta Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins: N.A., 495, Pl. 1, fig. 26 (1890).

A single specimen, showing the greater part of both elytra in natural
conjunction, must be separated from the two preceding by its still broader
elytra with more rapidly tapering apex. The elytra are slightly less than
three and a half times longer than broad, with sides parallel throughout
three-quarters of their length, then suddenly tapering, the extreme tip
shaped as in the other species, only more produced, so as to form more
distinctly a kind of lobe, the outer margin being very slightly and roundly
excised just before the produced tip. The surface is perhaps even rougher
than in the other species, but the strize appear to be less sinuous; the
scutellar stria is destroyed in both elytra of the single specimen before
me ; the outer stria terminates as in B. tertiaria, but the inner pair of the
middle series of striz is here the longer, extending barely to the tip of the
outer stria, while the outer pair is a little shorter ; the produced tip of the
elytra is a little shorter than in the preceding species, but similarly rounded
apically.

Length of elytron, 6-7"; breadth, 2".

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen,

No. 53—Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Family ELATERIDA.
Limonius Eschscholtz.

Limonius impunetus.
TRA ie, 1st, By

A long and slender elytron of moderately large size plainly belongs to
the Elateridze and seems to fall in the near vicinity of Limonius, though
when its complete remains are found it will be likely to prove distinct.
As preserved, the elytron is of a dead black or black-brown colour, nearly
flat, with nearly parallel sides, and about four times as long as broad ;
unfortunately the tip is broken, but it would appear not to have been
much produced. The scutellum must have been as in Limonius. There
are nine strive, or rather series of deeply impressed linear punctures, often,
especially in the outer series, coalescing ; the first unites with the second
by the middle of the basal half of the elytron, and there is some confusion

38 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALHONTOLOGY.

and irregularity at the base of the four outer series; the fifth and sixth
unite before the middle of the distai half of the elytron, and shortly after
these with the fourth ; while the seventh and eighth unite a little before
the tip, and still further out these with the other united series; at the
base all curve toward the inner base of the elytron ; interspaces between
strie flat, without punctures but roughened.

Length of fragment, 9:3"; probable complete length, 10-10:5™ ;
breadth, 2°6™".

North fork of Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen and
its reverse, No. 100ab—Dr. G. M. Dawson, 1888.

CryproHypnus Eschscholtz. ~

Cryptohypnus? terrestris.

Cryptohypnus ? terrestris Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 181-182 B
(1879) ; Ip., Tert. Ins. N. A., 497, P1. m1, fig. 30 (1890).

A single, very nearly perfect, elytron, broken slightly at the base, which
belongs, with little doubt, to the Elateride, is provisionally referred to
this genus. The form of the elytron is as in C. planatus LeC., which is
slightly larger than the fossil species. The surface is very minutely punc-
tato-rugose, and the striz are sharp and clearly defined. In nearly all
Elateride the fourth stria from the suture unites with the third rather
than with the fifth, although it often runs independently to the tip. In
Cryptohypnus there appears to be more latitude, nearly any of the strize
uniting with either of their neighbours ; and in this species the fourth
unites with the fifth some distance before the tip, while the first three run
to the extremity of the elytron, and the sixth, seventh and eighth, fol-
lowing the curve of the outer margin, terminate near the tip of the third
stria.

Length of elytron, 5:5" ; breadth, 1-75™™.

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen,
No. 59—-Dr. G. M. Dawson.

From the same locality were brought the remains of another insect,
consisting of the metasternal plates, one side complete, the other broken,
and plainly belonging to the Elateride. The perfect side agrees so well
with the same part in Cryptohypnus planatus LeC., that I refer it to the
fossil species above described, which its size renders entirely admissible.
It is, however, relatively longer than in C. planatus, the perfect half
being about a-third longer than broad, not including, of course, the side
pieces, which are not preserved. The surface is densely and rather heavily
punctate, more densely and perhaps less deeply next the coxal cavities ;

scuoeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 39

the median line (separating the two lateral halves of the whole metaster-
num) is very deeply impressed, but the furrow dies out anteriorly in the
projection between the coxe.

Length of metasternum, 2:1".

Cryptohypnus planatus occurs in Canada and the northern United
States.

Fornax Laporte.
Fornax ledensis.

Pl. m1, figs. 3 and 4.

A single elytron is preserved in a nodule, which contains also the
remains of a fish (Jallotus villosus, according to Sir William Dawson). A
portion of the black chitine still remains at the base and tip, and the form
of the whole and the sculpturing of the surface are perfectly preserved.
Tt is most nearly allied to /’. calceatus (Say), but differs from it too much
to be placed with it. The narrowing of the elytra is scarcely perceptible
before the distal fourth, where it is distinct and rapid, the apical angle
slightly less than a right angle. Itis very distinctly striate, considerably
more so than in /’. calceatus, the interspaces between the striz more den-
sely punctured even than in that species, though not so deeply, producing
a very rugulose appearance ; the punctuation appears to be disposed to a
noticeable extent in slightly oblique transverse rows, as is also the case in
F’. calceatus, and in which there are about four or five punctures across an
interspace ; in each puncture is a circular pit, the point of insertion of a
hair (not preserved), which is only 0-01" in diameter, while the punc-
tures are nearly 0:04" in diameter ; the strie in the broadest part of
the elytron are 0-2™" apart, the width of the elytron 1:7™™
length 5:5™™.

The species differs from /. calceatus in the slightly more rapid and
apical attenuation of the elytra, the stronger striation, shallower but more
dense punctuation, and the smaller hair pits ; from /. horni in its darker
colour, the stronger striation, shallower, denser and more rugulose punc-
tuation ; and from /. badius in the broader and more suddenly narrowed
elytra, more distinct striation, and much more distinct punctuation.

, and! its

Fornax calceatus is found in Canada, about Lake Superior, and in
Massachusetts.

Sir

Post-pliocene (Leda clays) of Green’s Creek, Ottawa, Canada
William Dawson.

40 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALHONTOLOGY.
Elaterites sp.
PL, dig.o;

One can say scarcely more of this slender elytron than to describe its
form, which is represented in the figure, and to state that as preserved it
appears almost perfectly flat, and to show indications of longitudinal series
of punctures after the general method of the shards of Elateridee.

Length, 5:5"; breadth, 1-6™.

North fork of Similkameen River, British Columbia. One specimen,
No. 102 (on the same stone with the wing of a fly, Plecia.)—Dr. G. M.
Dawson, 1888.

Elateridz ? sp.

Elateride sp., Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 182s (1879) ; Ib.,
Tert. Ins. N.A., 498, Pl. 11, fig. 28 (1890).

In the collection of the Geological Survey of Canada there is an elytron
with the base nearly destroyed, which resembles in striation the Hydro-
philide, but is far too elongated to belong to that family, resmbling rather
the Elateride. It is so imperfectly preserved that, perhaps, a nearer
determination is impossible at present. There are eight rather faintly
impressed but distinct striz, the outermost a little more distinct, especially
toward the tip.

Width of elytron, 1:25" ; its apparent length, 4°5™™.

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen,

No. 60—Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Family BYRRHIDH.
Byrruvs Linné.
Byrrhus ottawaensis,
Plate 11, figs. 6-8.

This species is very closely allied. to B. geminatus LeC., more closely to
it than to any other living American form, unless it be B. pettiti, which
IT have not been able to examine. So far as can be told from the condi-
tion of the fragment, it does not differ from it in size or form, excepting
that the prothorax is more regularly vaulted, the front portion being
regularly oval and not, as in B. geminatus, slightly flattened in front.
What is, however, more relied upon for the distinction of the species is
the surface sculpture beneath the clothing of pile (of which latter, except
in one or two spots, no sign appears in the fossil), characters which have

soupeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 4]

been mainly neglected in the descriptions of Our native species. It is in
these that its close affinity to B. geminatus appears, but from which it
differs in points which distinguish it as clearly as B. americanus and B.
kirby differ from each other, but by no means so sharply as either of
these differ from each other. In the present fossil species the sculpture
of the upper surface of the body is a clean and sharp, close, deep and deli-
cate, uniform set of circular punctures, differing from those of 2. geminatus
(PI. 11, figs. 9, 10) only in their being less coarse and less distant, differ-
ences only observable under a strong lens. In the two other living species
referred to, the punctures are more or less confused in a transverse direc-
tion, at least upon the elytra, and are duller, less deeply impressed, and
more distant. The fossil species differs from 2. geminatus in the entire
absence of the very slight median sulcus or stria of the prothorax, though
the sulci of the elytra do not differ. The only other difference observed
is in the puncturing of the abdominal segments, which is more distant and
feeble in the fossil than in 4. geminatus, while that of the tibie is distinctly
obscure, producing a blurred and subdued sculpture not seen in the
modern form.

Breadth, 5" ; length of thorax, 2™ ; probable length of body,
oom.

The specimen is preserved at the edge of a fine-grained clay nodule, and
has thereby lost the hinder extremity of the body, but its parts are
remarkably preserved, the chitine as clear as in life, but with the loss of
all the pile which clothed the parts ; the chitinous shell can be raised from
certain parts, where the sculpturing of the surface is seen to have left its
cast in the fine clay as in the most delicate wax, though showing not the
remotest trace of the dermal hairs.

Byrrhus geminatus occurs on the shores of Lake Superior, in Canada
West, and in New Hampshire.

Green’s Creek, Ottawa River.—H. M. Ami and A. E. Barlow, 1886.

Family NITIDULIDA.
Prometopia Erichson.
Prometopia depilis.
Prometopia depilis Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1875-1876, 278-279
(French ed., 308-309) (1877) ; Ip., Tert. Ins. N. A., 500, Pl. 11,

fig. 29 (1890).

This beetle appears to belong to the Nitidulids, but where it should be
generically located is a matter of some doubt. It resembles most among
our American forms the genus in which IT have provisionally placed it,

42 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY.

but so few really generic features remain that one can judge by little
other than accessory characters. The head is wanting and the thorax is
broken, and though exhibiting the under surface, the markings of the
elytra can be readily seen, as is frequently the case in fossil beetles. The
form of the elytra and scutellum is precisely that of Prometobia sexmacu-
lata, excepting that the base of the elytra is more distinctly angulate ;
beneath, the elytra are expanded just as there, and punctured in much
the same irregular and minute manner, but equally so at the extreme
border beneath, instead of being furnished at this point with transverse
ruge ; the punctures are 0°028"" in diameter, and do not give origin to
hairs ; the elytra are dark castaneous, and have a dull ridge along the
sutural margin. The thorax is black, and proportionally shorter than in
Prometopia, but otherwise it appears to have the same form, although the
characteristic lateral projections of the front border are broken off, only
the slightest indication of that on the left side appearing in a portion of
the curve of the front border. The thorax is more minutely punctate
than the elytra, and the puncta are connected by the slightest possible
impressed lines, giving it somewhat of a corrugated appearance ; a few of
the abdominal segments may be seen, the pygidium extending just beyond
the elytra; all these joints are black, smooth, and shining, without trace
of hairs or punctures.

Length of fragment, 5:5"; length of middle of thorax, 1:25™";
breadth of same, 3:2"; length of elytra, 3°75™"; breadth of united
elytra, 3°35™™.

Quesnel, British Columbia. One specimen, No. 24—Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Family STAPHYLINIDA.
ArPEDIUM Erichson.
Arpedium stillicidii.

Pi iees

Allied to A. ecribratum Fauv., but less sharply punctured. <A single
elytron, broken at the humeral angle. It is about twice as broad as
long, the sides parallel and delicately margined ; the posterior border is
straight, the outer posterior angle much rounded. Most of the deflexed
portion of the outer margin is broken off, but to judge from what is left it
was probably of considerable breadth, and it certainly extended considerably
beyond the middle of the outer half of the elytron. The surface of the
elytron is rather coarsely and profusely punctate at the base, the puncta
becoming shallower, rather larger, and more distant apically and nearly
fading out at the tip. The texture is tolerably firm and the colour blackish

SCUDDER. CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 43

castaneous. The excision of the inner basal angle indicates a moderate
sized equiangular scutellum.

Length of elytron, 2)-4.m. : breadth, [-p>™,
Arpedium cribratum is known only from Michigan.

Interglacial clays, Scarboro’, Ont., No. 14511—Dr. G. J. Hinde.
Gropromicus Redtenbacher.
Geodromicus stiricidii.
TEA tay, snkez, Dl.

A single elytron, indicating a species scarcely smaller than G. nigrita
Mill. It is black and of a tolerably dense texture, more than twice as
long as broad, with straight and parallel sides, both borders delicately
margined, the posterior margin straight on the inner half or more, the
inner posterior angle rectangular, the outer well rounded off. The deflexed
outer margin is moderately narrow, equal, sculptured like the upper
surface, and terminates at the middle of the outer half of the elytron. The
surface is irregularly punctate with shallow, moderately abundant, rather
minute punctures. The excision of the inner basal angle indicates a rather
small equiangular scutellum.

Length of elytron, 1:75"™"; breadth, 0-75™™.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’, Ont. One specimen, No. 14537.——Dr.
G. J. Hinde.

Buiepius Leach.

. Bledius glaciatus.
Bledius glaciatus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 505. Pl. 1, fig. 35 (1890).

Allied to B. brevidens LeC. A single elytron, about twice as long as
broad, the sides almost parallel and straight, slightly broader than else-
where just before the tip, the apical margin straight, not inclined, the
outer posterior angle gently rounded, the outer border slightly, the inner
scarcely, margined, the deflexed portion of the outer margin narrow, equal,
terminating at the middle of the outer half. Texture delicate, the surface
slightly, irregularly, and not very closely punctate. A very small and
rather broad scutellum is indicated by the shape of the inner basal angle,
which is not quite accurately given on the plate.

Length of elytron, 1:9"™; breadth, 1:1™™.
to) J b] 3 b]
Bledius brevidens is found in New York.

Interglacial clays of the neighbourhood of Scarboro’, Ontario. One

specimen, No. 14540—G. J. Hinde.
2

=

44 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALA ONTOLOGY.

Oxyporus Fabricius.

Oxyporus stiriacus.
Oxyporus stiriacus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 505, Pl. 1, fig. 36 (1890).

A single elytron, less than twice as long as broad, somewhat broken at
the base, with very straight and almost parallel sides, enlarging to the
least possible degree apically. It is a rather small species, of delicate
texture, with smooth, unsculptured surface, except for the slightly
impressed lines which follow the sutural and outer margins, giving a
thickened appearance to either edge. The outer margin is gently and
regularly convex, the outer posterior angle gently rounded, and the deflexed
portion of the outer margin very narrow, equal, and reaching as far as
the rounded apical part.

Length of elytron, 1-8"; breadth, 1:12™™.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14552.—
G. J. Hinde.

LatHrRoBIUM Gravenhorst.
Lathrobium interglaciale,

Lathrobium interglaciale Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 506, Pl. 1, fig. 38 (1890).

A single elytron indicates a species nearly as large as L. grande LeC., but
with coarser sculpturing than is common in this genus and more as in
Cryptobium ; but in the latter genus the posterior margin is outwardly
produced. The inner basal angle indicates a pretty large scutellum. The
elytron is of nearly uniform width, with a nearly straight outer margin
but gently rounded, the greatest width close to the tip; the posterior
outer angle is rounded off and the posterior margin straight. The deflexed
portion of the outer margin is narrow, subequal, rapidly tapering just
before its termination, extending just beyond the middle of the apical
half of the elytron; inner margin simple. Texture dense, the surface of
elytron coarsely, rather shallowly, and not very closely, irregularly pune-
tate, and marked besides by four or five short, shallow, irregular, longi-
tudinal grooves just within and before the middle.

Length of elytron, 2:5"; width of upper surface, 1:25".
Interglacial clays near Scarboro’, Ontario. One specimen, No, 14555—
G. J. Hinde.

scupoer. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 45
Family HY DROPHILID A.
CERCYON Leach.

Cercyon? terrigena.

Cercyon ? terrigena Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-1878, 179B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N.A., 510-511, Pl. 11, fig. 21 (1890).

A single elytron with the base broken off appears to represent a species
of Hydrophilidz, and perhaps is most nearly related to Cercyon, but of this
there is much doubt. The elytron is pretty well arched, equal nearly to
the tip, then rapidly rounded off, indicating an ovate beetle with the
shape of a Hydrobius or a shorter insect, and of about the size of Helo-
phorus lineatus Say. Hight faintly impressed unimpunctured strie are
visible, the outer one, and to some extent the one next it, deeper; these
two unite close to the tip, curving strongly apically ; the next two curve
slightly near their extremity, but are much shorter, not reaching the fourth
stria from the suture, which, like the remaining three, pursues a straight
course to the seventh stria. The surface between the strie is nearly
smooth, piceous.

Length of fragment, 2:°4""; breadth of elytron, 1:°35™"; distance
apart of the striz, 0:15".

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen,
No. 57—Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Hyprocuus Germar.

Hydrochus amictus.
Hydrochus amictus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 515-516, Pl. 1, fig. 47 (1890).

This species is mentioned here only to correct an error in my Tertiary
Insects, where it was credited to Scarboro’, Ontario, on the shores of Lake
Ontario. It was really found by Dr. G. J. Hinde on the shores of Lake
Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio, in clay beds very similar to those of Scarboro’.

Hevopnorus Illiger.

Helophorus regescens.

Helophorus rigescens Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 516-517, PI. 1, fig. 53 (1890).

This species also is mentioned here only to correct an error in my
Tertiary Insects, where it was credited to Scarboro’, Ontario, on the shores
of Lake Ontario. It was really found by Dr. G. J. Hinde on the shores
of Lake Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio, in clay beds very similar to those of

Scarboro’.
91

bo}

46 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.
Family CARABID At.
Piatrynus Bonelli.

With a single exception, the several species of Platynus here described
from the interglacial clay beds belong to one type, somewhat distantly
represented to-day by P. crenistriatus LeC., and P. rubripes Zimm., in
which the striz are coarse and punctured, the sutural stria insignificant or
obsolescent, and the surface texture a very delicate transverse ribbing,
nowhere broken up into a reticulation.

Table of the Interglacial Species of Platynus.

Elytra with distinctly punctured strie.
Fifth and sixth elytral striz united near the middle of the a-
pical half of the elytra.

Elytra less than three times as long as broad....... .casws.
Elytra more than three times as long as broad.
Strie rather delicately punctate.......... ..... hindei.
Doris heavily PUNCtALE Loc muk ass ven ethene oll halli.
Fifth and sixth elytral striz united in the apical sixth of the
elytra.
Striz and strial punctures shallow............ dissipatus.
Striz and strial punctures deep........... ....desuetus.
Elytra with strial punctures very faint...........dilapidatus.

Platynus easus.
Platynus casus Scupv., Tert. Ins. N.A., 519-520, PI. 1, fig. 42 (1890).

A single elytron is preserved in the beds which have yielded so many
Platyni, which seems to be better comparable with P. rubripes Zimm. than
with any other living form, but better still with the fossil forms from the
same beds, with which it agrees also better in size, though it is a trifle
broader, with a considerably more rounded humeral angle, a more rounded
outer margin, and the first stria closely approximated to the suture.
Except in these particulars it agrees best with P. hall: ; but, somewhat
as in P. rubripes though with less regularity in size and distribution, the
interspaces are filled with irregular shallow punctures, which run more or
less together so as to form interrupted, longitudinal, adventitious series
between the strie. The intimate texture of the surface is much as in
P. halli, the fifth and sixth striz meet at a distance from the tip and the
sutural stria is obsolescent and brief.

Length, 4:7"; breadth, 1-6™™.

Interglacial clay beds, Scarboro’", Ontario. One specimen, No. 14523—
G.\ddelamnde.

souoveR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 47

Platynus hindei.
Platynus hindei Scuvp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 520, PI. 1, fig. 54 (1890).

A number of fragments occur of a species which seems to be allied to
P. rubripes Gimm., but is much smaller than it and differs from it consi-
derably, The shape of the elytron is much the same as there, but the
humeral angle is more pronounced, the striz are rather coarser and
perhaps a little more heavily punctate, while the interspaces, instead of
being faintly and shallowly punctate, are not only very faintly and irre-
gularly transversely corrugate, but the fine sharp reticulation of the living
species seen under strong magnifying power is entirely absent from the
piceous surface of the fossil, being replaced by a scarcely perceptible dull
transverse ribbing. The fifth and sixth striw are also united only a little
beyond the middle of the distal half of the elytron, and the sutural stria
is very short indeed and generally inconspicuous.

Length, 4:°65™ ; breadth, 1-5™™.

Platynus rubripes is found in New Hampshire, Massachusetts and
Virginia.

Clay beds of interglacial deposits, Scarboro’, Ontario. Nine specimens,
Nos. 14512, 14514, 14518, 14528, 14533, 14544, 14546, 14554, 14562—
Gave. inde:

I take pleasure in dedicating this species to Dr. G. J. Hinde, to whose
industry and zeal we are indebted for the interesting series of interglacial
Coleoptera here described.

Platynus halli.
Platynus halli Scupp., Tert. Ins.,N. A., 520-521, Pl. 1, fig. 41 (1890).

Another species of Platynus, allied to P. crenistriatus LeC., is still more
nearly related to P. hindei just described, and is of the same size, and
therefore considerably smaller than the living species, to which it bears
the nearest resemblance. Its relations to P. hindei are very much the
same as those of P. rubripes to P. crenistriatus, the striz being deeper
and coarser than in P. hindei and the punctures larger and heavier.
Though the humeral angle is scarcely so prominent as in P. hindei, the
texture of the surface is scarcely different, unless in being slightly more
marked, while in P. crenistriatus there is no reticulation or cross-ribbing
whatever. The early union of the fifth and sixth strize again marks its
affinity with P. hinder, and the sutural stria is of much the same character,
though slightly variable.

Length, 4-65™™ ; breadth, 1-5m,

Platynus crenistriatus is found in Illinois, Louisiana and Missouri.

48 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PAL ONTOLOGY.

Clay beds of interglacial age, Scarboro’", Ontario. Three specimens, Nos.
14520, 14524, 14525—G. J. Hinde.

Named in honour of the veteran New York paleontologist, Prof. James
Hall.

Platynus dissipatus.
Platynus dissipatus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 521, PI. 1, fig. 37 (1890).

This species, which is of the same size as P. halli and agrees with it in
its general features and in the minute texture of the surface, is separated
from it solely on account of the grosser sculpture of the elytra, since the
strie, which are equally broad, are much shallower—a characteristic which
applies as well to the punctures—and are less distinct on the sides than
on the interior half. Neither of the fragments is perfect, though one has
all but a little of the tip and permits us to see that the fifth and sixth
strie would unite early, as in those species, did they not fade out altogether
before uniting. There is at least one puncture in the third interspace as
far from the base as the width of the elytron.

Breadth of elytron, 1:5"™.

Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro’, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos.
14515, 14563.—G. J. Hinde.

Platynus desuetus.
Platynus desuetus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 521-522, PL. 1, figs. 43, 51, 58 (1890).

This, the largest of the species from the clay beds of Scarboro’, is more
nearly allied to P. crenistriatus LeC., than to any other living species,
agreeing with it also in size, which none of the other fossils do; but in
other particulars, including the intimate texture of the surface, it agrees
better with its contemporaries. It is nearest perhaps to P. halli, but the
strize and punctures are a little less pronounced, the insect is much larger,
and the fifth and sixth strize meet at no great distance from the tip of
the elytron, as in the modern species mentioned. There appear to be three
punctures in the third interspace.

Length of elytron, 5" ; breadth, 2".

Clay beds of interglacial times, Scarboro’, Ontario. Six specimens,

Nos. 14477, 14478, 14486, 14516, 14526, 14538—G. J. Hinde.
Platynus harttii.
Platynus harttii Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 522, Pl. 1, fig. 31 (1890).

This species, represented by a couple of specimens only, is the smallest
of those found in the interglacial deposits, and in its peculiarities, especi-

scupver. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 49

ally in the distant union of the fifth and sixth striz, is most nearly allied
to the largest. Its outer margin is well rounded, scarcely marginate, the
humeral] angle tolerably prominent but well rounded ; the strize are coarse
and deep, with rather heavy but not very distinct punctures, scarcely
broadening the striz, while the piceous surface is delicately and rather
faintly cross-ribbed. The marginal stria is obsolescent. There are appar-
ently two or three interspacial punctures. It is very small for a Platynus.

Length of elytron, 3-6™" ; width of one, 1:35™™,

Interglacial clays of Scarboro,’ Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14475,
14480—G,. J. Hinde.

Named in memory of my fellow-student, Prof. C. F. Hartt, formerly
director of the Geological Survey of Brazil.

Platynus dilapidatus.
IPP i, ne! 2.

This species of Platynus is very different from those described above
from the same deposits, and does not fall into the peculiar group which
they form. It belongs rather in the near vicinity of P. macu/icollis Dej.
The single elytron, which is a fragment only, but which represents a species
apparently fully as large as this, has a very flat surface, with coarse and
rather deeply impressed striz very different from P. maculicollis, without
punctures, so far as can easily be seen on the upper surface, though they
are barely perceptible and the under surface gives distinct signs of them,
the interspaves dotted with microscopic scattered pustules, much as in the
modern species mentioned, though without the clean and sharp reticulation
which is found in it, but instead an excessively fine and faint cross-rib-
bing, too fine to appear on a drawing of the size of ours. The sutural
stria is very short ; the colour of the whole dark castaneous.

Length of fragment, 2°65™™.
Platynus maculicollis is found in Oregon, California, Arizona and Gua-
deloupe Island.

Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro’, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14513
—Dr. G. J. Hinde.

50 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALHONTOLOGY.
Prerosticuus Bonelli.
Table of the Interglacial species of Pterostichus.

Sutural stria uniting with the first near the base.
Cell inclosed by sutural and first striz not twice as long as
the width of interspace between first and second strie ;
Strive without punctures: 2055.2. eee ee abrogatus.
Cell inclosed by sutural and first strive fully three times as
long as width of interspace between first and second
strive.
Striz punctate.
Striz heavily punctate.
Fifth and sixth striz united in the apical sixth of the

CLV ine so eke Sede Sart Seon ale one mnie dormitans.

Fifth and sixth striz united near the middle of the distal

alt Of the "elybras. aur. cqre ewe eee re ae destitutus.

Wobrice faintly punctate. Wn iwiet! 2:2 ac ws oe Sractus.

Strie impunctate............ nee A aN ey re destructus.
Sutural stria independent of the first................:. gelidus.

Pterostichus abrogatus,
Pterostichus abrogatus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 525, Pl. 1, fig. 39 (1890).

A fragment of an elytron indicates a species closely allied to P. hereu-
Janeus Mann. in elytral structure and of probably about the same size.
The sutural stria is similar ; there are the same broad and deep, simple
strie, only they are, if anything, broader and deeper in the fossil. The
interspaces are, however, flatter than in the recent species, and the inti-
mate texture of the surface, instead of showing a very distinct reticulation
of minute imbricated cells with sharply defined walls, is almost entirely
smooth, the faintest sign only of such tracery being visible with strong
magnification. The first stria is also at an unusual distance from the
margin. The colour is piceous.

Length of fragment, 5"™; width of same, 2™™; presumed length of
elyiron, ico. 4

Pterostichus herculaneus is found in Alaska and Vancouver Island.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’", Ont. One specimen, No. 14560—G. J.
Hinde.

Pterostichus dormitans.
Pterostichus dormitans Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 526, Pl. 1., figs. 49, 55 (1890.)

This species is mentioned here only to correct an error in my Tertiary
Insects, where it was credited to Scarboro’, Ontario, on the shores of Lake

.

SCUDDER. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 51

Ontario. It was really found by Dr. G. J. Hinde on the shores of Lake
Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio, in clay beds very similar to those of Scar-
boro’.

Pterostichus destitutus.

Pterostichus destitutus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 526, Pl. 1, fig. 44 (1890).

This species is represented by a single elytron of a mahogany colour,
which seems to be nearly related to P. sayz Brullé, and is of the same shape,
though a considerably smaller species. The character of the strize in depth
and punctuation is qyite as in P. sayz, but the interspaces are flatter, and
the delicate transverse reticulate striation, finely traced in P. sayi, is here
inconspicuous and dull and more irregular. The present species has a
similar sutural stria, but apparently no puncta in the third or any other
interspace, though it is possible that one exists in the place occupied by
the posterior one in P. sayz. One peculiarity of the present species is the
early union of the fifth and sixth striz, well in advance of the interruption
of the marginal curve.

Length of elytron, 6" ; breadth, 2-5".

Pterostichus sayi occurs in Canada and the Mississippi valley from
Illinois to Texas.

Interglacial clay beds of Scarboro,’ Ontario. One specimen, No, 14522

==Geon Elinde:

Pterostichus fractus.
Pterostichus fractus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 527, Pl. 1, figs. 29, 30 (1890).

Closely allied to P. destitutus, with the same early union of the fifth and
sixth striz, but still smaller and with less distinct strial punctuation, this
being indeed very inconspicuous. <A single elytron is preserved, with the
extreme apex broken. There is a distinct punctum in the third interspace
opposite the union of the fifth and sixth strive, which is just before the
break. The interspaces are flattened, as in P. destitutus, and the intimate
structure of their surface is exactly as there, except in showing scarcely
any sign of reticulation.

Length of fragment, 4-5"; breadth, 2".

Interglacial clays of Scarboro,’ Ontario. One specimen, No. 14532—G.
J. Hinde.

Pterostichus destructus.
Pterostichus destructus Scupp, Tert. Ins. N.A., 527, Pl. 1, fig. 46 (1890).

A couple of elytra, from each of which the entire apex is broken, closely
resemble P. patruelis Dej. in shape and sculpture, but represent a species

52 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

a little larger than it. The sutural stria is exactly as in that species, and
the striz are finely impressed and without punctures; the interspaces
would appear to be flatter than in P. patruelis, and the third interspace
does not appear to have the three punctures found in that species, but
only the central one. The colour is blackish castaneous.

Length of one fragment, 3°5(°"; probable length of elytron, 4:75™™";
width of same, 1:5". Length of another fragment, 3°8""; width,
1-45™™,

Pterostichus patruelis is found in the middle and western United States
and also in Canada and about Lake Superior.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14519,
14549—G. J. Hinde.

Pterostichus gelidus.

Loxandrus gelidus Scupp., Bull. U.S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 111, 763-764 (1877).
Pterostichus gelidus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 527-528, PI. 1, figs. 52, 59-61 (1890).

The following fragments of this species have been examined: A very
nearly perfect elytron, but badly cracked and pressed apart ; the greater
part of another ; parts of three united segments of the abdomen ; a
prothorax slightly cracked and a portion of one of the mandibles. A
species is indicated of about the same size as P. hudsonicus LeC., and
closely resembling it. The elytra are piceous, with a metallic-blue reflec-
tion ; there are nine distinctly and rather deeply and equally impressed
strie, rather faintly and not very profusely punctate; the interspaces
appear as if minutely cracked, and with a simulation of execessively faint
and small foveee throughout, while the third has a more distinct, though
still rather shallow and rather large fovea considerably behind the middle
of the apical half of the elytra ; a second fovea appears in the third inter-
space, as far from the apical fovea as that is from the apex, but it is
situated laterally, encroaching on the stria next its inner side. It is per-
haps due only to an excess of the simulating fovee that there is apparently
a row of approximated punctures, quite like those of the neighbouring
striz, for a very short distance between the base of the sixth and seventh
strie. The first stria turns outward next the base, to make room for a
scutellar stria. The obliquely cut marginal fovex agree with those of P.
hudsonicus. The prothorax is quadrate, the front margin very slightly
angled, the sides broadly rounded, fullest anteriorly, with an exceedingly
slight median sulcus (indicated by a slender crack), and more distinct
posterior sublateral sulci (indicated by wider cracks), and between which
the hind border is scarcely convex. The surface of the prothorax is
smooth ; the abdomen is also smooth. The part of the mandible remain-

SCUDDER. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 53

ing is only the basal “ molar” portion, armed with six or seven mammi-
late conical teeth, or rather transverse ridges.

Length of elytron, 5°75™" ; breadth, 2™™ ; length of prothorax, 2°25™ ;
breadth, 3-5™™; breadth of abdomen, 2:25™™.

The species differs from P. hudsonicus in the shape of the prothorax (if
that belongs here), broader strize, and less convex elytra.

Pterostichus hudsonicus is a northern species found in Alaska, the
Hudson Bay territories, Lake Superior and New Hampshire.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’ Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Several
specimens, among others Nos. 14521, 16418—G. J. Hinde.

Patrosus Megerle.

Patrobus gelatus.

Patrobus gelatus Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 530, Pl. 1, fig. 48 (1890).

Of this species the only remains are a single prothoracic shield perfectly
preserved. It is piceous, posteriorly truncate, its angles rectangular and
as broad as the length, in advance of the hinder fourth expanding to
nearly one-fourth greater width in the middle of the anterior half, and
then again narrowing to the declivous front angles; the disk convex, with
a uniformly and rather deeply incised median line, each lateral half thus
divided marked posteriorly by an abrupt flat and punctate depression,
with well marked rounded outline, distinctly separated from the median
incision on one side or the very narrow, marginate, lateral border on the
other, and separated from the latter also by a longitudinal furrow ;
otherwise the surface is smooth. It is undoubtedly related very closely to
P, septentrionis De}., differing principally in the sharp and sudden depres-
sion of the fosse in the hind angles and their separation from the lateral
border by a distinct incised longitudinal furrow.

Length of prothorax, 2°1™ ; greatest breadth, 2:75™™.

Patrobus septentrionis is found in Arctic America and Europe, includ-
ing the mountains of Central Europe, and also in Michigan and New
Hampshire.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’", Ontario. One specimen, No. 14586—
G. J. Hinde.

Bemepiptum Latreille.

Bembidium glaciatum,

Bembidium glaciatum Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 531, Pl. 1, fig. 40 (1890).

A couple of elytra represent this species, which seems to be nearly
allied to the scarcely smaller B. longulwm LeC. The humeral angle is

\

54 ‘CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAEONTOLOGY.

not quite so prominent, and the strie and punctures are more heavily
marked. The striz are indeed rather deeply impressed and equally so
over the whole width of the elytron, but all become less pronounced and
even obsolescent apically ; the same is true of the punctures which on the
basal half of the elytra are very heavy, making transverse creases in the
neighbouring interspaces, so that they are rather transverse than longitu-
dinal or even circular. The sutural stria is as in &. longulum, and the
texture of the surface of the interspaces, instead of being as in the modern
species almost structureless, is marked with a fine but decided cross-rib-
bing, verging upon reticulation. The colour is a rich carbonaceous with
a purplish tinge.

Length of elytron, 3°2™ ; width, 1:35™™.

Bembidium longulum is found about Lake Superior and in Wyoming.

Interglacial clays of Scarboro’, Ontario. Two specimens, Nos. 14536,
14541—G. J. Hinde.

Bembidium fragmentum.
iears hele a + Loe ee 2 2
Bembidium fragmentum Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 531-532, Pl. 1, fig. 45 (1890).

This species is mentioned here only to correct an error in my Tertiary
Insects, where it was credited to Scarboro’", Ontario, on the shores of
Lake Ontario. It was really found by Dr. G. J. Hinde on the shores of
Lake Erie, near Cleveland, Ohio, in clay beds very similar to those of
Scarboro’.

Nepsria Latreille.

Nebria paleomelas.

Nebria paleomelas Scupp., Rep. Prog. Geol. Surv. Can., 1877-78, 179 B (1879) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N.A., 532, Pl. 1, fig. 20 (1890).

A nearly perfect elytron with the humeral angle broken off represents
a carabid, probably related to Nebria. A species is indicated which is of
about the size of V. sah/bergi Fisch. The elytronis about two and a half
times longer than broad ; the surface is nearly sinooth, piceous, with nine
striz, which are rather deeply impressed, and a scutellar stria, which
unites with the first longitudinal stria at about one-sixth the distance
from the base, in such a way as to make it appear equally forked in
passing toward the base, its outer fork striking close to the base of the
second longitudinal stria; the fifth and sixth striz are united to each
other and to the united third and fourth striz, near the apex, by a wavy
continuation of the sixth, after it has bent toward the fifth in running
parallel to the seventh, as it curves toward and runs to tip of the elytron ;

\

ecupdeR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. De

the ninth stria, which forms the edge of the elytron as it is preserved,
shows no appearance whatever of ocellate punctures, although under the
microscope some of the central strize show slight signs of faintly indicated
punctures near the middle of the elytron.

Length of elytron, 5-2"; breadth, 1-8™™.

Nicola River, below main coal seam, British Columbia. One specimen,

No. 58—Dr. G. M. Dawson.

Loricera Latreille.
Loricera glacialis.

Loricera glacialis Scupp., Bull. U.S. Geol. Geog. Surv. Terr., 111, 763 (1877) ;
Ip., Tert. Ins. N.A., 533, Pl. 1, figs. 50, 57 (1890).

Of this species a pair of elytra are preserved nearly complete, but cracked
and flattened somewhat out of shape. It is allied to L. cerulescens L.,
but differs from it and from all other American species of Loricera in the
much greater depth of the strize and in the presence of distinct submarginal
fovee. The elytra are of a glistening, somewhat blue-black colour. . The
strive are strongly impressed, faintly though rather coarsely and profusely
punctulate, the third interspace with three small, distinctly but not deeply
impressed fovez, arranged as in L.\cerulescens, two near each other just
above the middle of the elytra, and one behind the middte of the apical
half ; fifth interspace sometimes furnished with a pair of very faint fovewe
near the middle of the elytra, much as in L. decempunctata Esch., about
as far from each other as from the sutural border ; and finally the ninth
interspace, different from all the species of Loricera I have been able to
examine, has eight or more smal] but distinct and deep fovez, mostly
situated in the apical half of the elytra, sometimes connected by oblique
ridges with the next stria within. The interspaces are crossed by very
fine wrinkles, scarcely visible with a simple lens. Seen on the under
surface, each of the punctures of the strize are surrounded by a circle
reaching to the circles around the adjoining punctures, reminding one
somewhat of the upper surface of Elaphrus. The elytra are shaped as in
L. decempunctata, particularly at the apex.

Length of elytron, 4-4"; breadth, 1-6™.

Loricera cerulescens is found in northern Europe and also in Michigan
and about Lake Superior.

Interglacial clays, Scarboro’ Heights, near Toronto, Canada. Two

specimens, Nos. 16416, 16417—G. J. Hinde.

56 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALASONTOLOGY.

Loricera? lutosa.

Loricera ? lutosa Scupp., Tert. Ins. N.A., 533-534, PI. 1, fig. 32 (1890).

A single elytron in a perfect state of preservation. It is almost two
and a-half times longer than broad, scarcely broader in the middle than at
the base, the humeral angle roundly angulated. There are ten series of
very coarsely punctured striw, the four inner running almost to the apical
margin, the others, however, curving inward to abut against them, the
outermost meeting the innermost at the apex ; the elevated narrow inter-
spaces smooth and shining: the whole piceous.

This can hardly be referred to Loricera, but I can find no other genus
with which it better agrees. J am inclined to the belief that it will be
found to belong to an extinct type of Loricerini. There seems to be, as
there, a faint internal plica, but the specimen is broken only at just this
point.

Length of elytron, 3-3"; breadth, 1-4™".

Clay beds of Scarboro’, Ontario, Canada. One specimen, No. 14559.—
G. J. Hinde.

Evapurus Fabricius.

Elaphrus Irreguluris.
Elaphrus irregularis Scupp., Tert. Ins. N. A., 534, Pl. 1, fig. 56 (1890).

An elytron only is preserved, which by its surface sculpture appears to
resemble ZH. viridis, of California (which I have not seen), more than any
other, though in size it agrees better with /. riparius and EH. ruscarius,
the nearest allied of the species I have examined. The elytron is distinctly
slenderer than in these latter species, with the middle scarcely, if at all,
wider than the base, but with entirely similar apex. Surface uniformly
punctured, the punctures coarser than in F£. ripariws, with ill-defined
obscure foveze, the basal one of the second series from the suture being
the only one as distinct as in /. riparius ; spaces between the fovex
remarkably elevated, forming longitudinal, more or less tortuous ridges
which are highest (and rarely polished) in longitudinal dashes as long as
the diameter of the fovez and in the same lines with them, 7. e¢., between
fovex of the same longitudinal series and not in the interspaces between
the series. It is in these elevated spaces that its relationship to 2. viridis
especially appears, and their irregularity, through their more or less
tortuous, connecting, less elevated ridges, which has suggested the name.
Colour dull piceous, with faint dark metallic green reflection, which is
quite distinct on the inflected margin.

Length of elytron, 4°5""; breadth, 1-5™".

Clay beds of Scarboro’, Ontario. One specimen, No. 14527—G. J.
Hinde.

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Prare II.

Figs. 1 and 2 were drawn in pencil by J. H. Blake and engraved on
wood by John Andrew & Son Co. ; figs. 3-5 were drawn in ink by Mrs.
Katherine P. Ramsay, and figs. 6-10 by J. H. Blake, and all photo-
engraved by John Andrew & Son Co.

Fig

g. 1. Geodromicus stiricidii, 4°.

2. Arpedium stillicidu, 4°.

3. Limonius impunctus, 7.

4. Cryptocephalites punctatus, 4.
BD

Hylobiites cretaceus, ®

ei all?
6. Byrrhus ottawaensis, %,° ; a fragment of the elytron very highly
magnified.
7. The same, 12; a larger fragment of the elytron less highly

magnified.
The same, & ; one surface of the nodule showing the cast.
Byrrhus geminatus LeC., 2° (recent) ; a fragment of the elytron

for comparison with fig. 6.

10. The same, }?, for comparison with fig. 7. y,

Geological Suvucy of Canada.

CONTR. TO CAN. PAL. VOL. II.

PLATE II.

10

; Pruate III.

Figures 1, 3, 4,6 were drawn in pencil by J. H. Blake and engraved on
wood by John Andrew & Son Co. ; fig. 2 was drawn in ink by J. H.
Blake and 5 by Mrs. Katherine P. Ramsay, and both photo-engraved by
John Andrew & Son Co.

Big. i.

DOR wo bo

Tenebrio calculensis, $; showing the upper surface (see also
fig. 6).
Platynus dilapidatus, %.

Fornax ledensis, 2° ; a fragment of the elytron highly enlarged.

. The same, +; the entire elytron.

Elaterites sp., 3.
Tenebrio calculensis, $; the reverse of fig. 1, showing the under
surface.

Geological Suvuey of Canada.
CONTR. TO CAN. PAL. VOL. II.

faa

PLATE III.

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| AIRS |
| ADRS. |
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5

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

WOE OIVEE LE.

CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS.

By Samuet H. Scuppmr.

3. Notes upon myriapods and arachnids found in sigillarian stumps in

the Nova Scotia coal field.

Sir William Dawson more than thirty years ago published in England
the first account* of a gally-worm which was found in the cavities of erect
sigillarian stumps in Nova Scotia, and which he called Xylobius sigillarice.
Nearly twenty years ago he kindly submitted to my examination all the
material he had collected, and in a couple of papers published in the
United States f descriptions were given of five species and two genera,
Xylobius and Archiulus, of myriapods found therein. Since then Archiulus
has been found in other American Carboniferous deposits and Xylobius in
the coal measures of Europe.

By the aid of a grant from the Royal Society of London, Sir William
afterwards made a further search among the sigillarian trees in Nova
Scotia and placed in my hands the remains of the articulates then found,
upon which I made a brief report some ten years ago in connection with
his own, { but until now have been unable to complete my study of them.

The fragments, for such they all are, which were sent to me for exami-
nation, consist almost exclusively of myriapodal remains, often of single
segments only, and generally in a more or less crushed, flattened, and dis-
torted condition. All the species formerly separated in my first study of
remains from these stumps occur in the present collection, but very little
additional information can be gained from them. Such as it is it will be
found below. A few specimens of different species exhibit the marks
which were formerly interpreted as the opening of the stink-glands, fora-
mina repugnatoria, common in recent myriapods, but these are now pre-
sumed to be the casts of the bases of spines ; in no case have the spines
themselves been preserved, and whatever spines they possessed must have

+ Mem. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., 1., 231-239, 561-562, figs. 1-7; Foss. Ins. N. A., i., 21-3
+ Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., Lon., 1882, i1., 621-659, pl. 39-47.
it

D8 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALHONTOLOGY.,

of the Mazon Creek nodules discovered since Sir William Dawson wrote.
Careful search has been made for any other of those special features which
distinguish the Archipolypoda from recent Diplopoda, but in vain, beyond
the single but not unimportant point that the ventral plates, in Archiulus
at least, are very broad and probably almost equally extensive in lateral
expansion with the dorsal plates, a feature nowhere found in modern
Diplopoda. This is perhaps most clearly shown in the two new species of
Archiulus described below.

But besides these new and old forms, all of which belong to the
Archiulide, the only family of Archipolypoda heretofore known from
these peculiar deposits, a couple of specimens appear to indicate the pre-
sence of Ainynilyspes, one of the Euphoberidze, but the fragments are too
imperfect to render the conclusion clear. A few others prove incontest-
ably the presence of Arachnida of the order Scorpiones. All of the
fragments are very imperfect ; most of them, indeed, are but mere bits of
the test, but we are enabled in some fashion to interpret these by the aid
of some of the others which show with little doubt the presence here of |
Mazonia, a type of Carboniferous scorpions first made known from the
beds of Mazon Creek in Illinois, and help to indicate that its separation
from Eoscorpius, to which most other Carboniferous scorpions are referred,
was justifiable. Two species are indicated, but to only one of them, as
capable of somewhat definite though partial characterization, is a name
given. It is possible there are also others, but we may expect between »
different parts of the body a certain—though not an unlimited—amount
of diversity in the surface sculpture.

The nature of the entombment warranted no expectation of finding the
relatively softer integument of hexapod insects with the myriapodal
remains, yet Sir William Dawson in his examination of the reptilian
coprolites of these sigillarian stumps has extracted the fragment of a
facetted eye about three-quarters of a millimetre square and containing
from one to two hundred perfectly regular hexagonal facets arranged in
regular rows and each about 0:05"" in diameter. This could have be-
longed to nothing but a true insect, and in all probability is that of a
cockroach, since these were the prevalent insects of Carboniferous times,
though otherwise unknown from these deposits. This specimen has
already been referred to by Sir William Dawson in his Air-breathers of the
coal period, p. 59, and figured by him on PI. 6, fig. 56.

Sir William Dawson has also submitted to me another fragment con-
taining a considerable number of delicate black acicular spines two or
three millimetres long, or even longer, and about 0-1" in diameter, with
the surface sometimes smooth, sometimes striate, but it is impossible to.
say to what sort of creature they may have belonged, possibly to a
spined myriapod.

SCUDDER. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 59
MYRIAPODA.
Family EupHoBerip®.
Amynilyspes ? sp.
Pibrve, waioss Ly 12:

A couple of fragments, one of them with its reverse and both drawn
upon the plate, are remains of a larger myriapod than any of the others
found in the sigillarian stumps with the sole exception of Xylobius similis
with the largest specimens of which its size agrees. But that it cannot
be a Xylobius the entire absence of frustral divisions clearly shows. On
the other hand, the free termination of the sides of the dorsal scutes and
their transverse ridging show a close resemblance to Amynilyspes, and
there are besides vague appearances of the bases of spines just where they
occur in A. wortheni, though they are too obscure for satisfaction. Little
more can be said, as the specimens consist only of a dozen or less adjoining
segments, crushed and more or less distorted, but showing that the segments
were about five times as broad as long and the surface rather smooth with
sparse and fine granulations scattered over it; the breadth must have
been about 6™". It is a smaller species than A. wortheni, but presents no
characters by which it can be distinguished from it.

Family ARCHIULID&.

Archiulus xylobioides Scudder.
Pl ave, figs 4

There are seven fragments which are referred here, but they show
nothing noteworthy in addition to what has been given formerly, for
they consist almost entirely of single segments or fragments of the same,
one of which is figured, in which the contrasts between the anterior and
posterior parts of the segment, here equal, are very clearly seen; the sur-
face is quite smooth.

Archiulus euphoberioides sp. nov.
PAS IV) HES. 0,10:

The materials for the elucidation of this species are not satisfactory ;
no more so than in the case of the species of Xylobius described from the
same stumps. They consist of fragments of the scutes only, no append-
ages of any kind being visible; they are crushed and flattened, but
enough exist to make sure that they cannot be referred to any of the
forms of myriapods previously described from Carboniferous deposits.

al

2

60 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALEONTOLOGY.

Some ten specimens have been found, some of them doubtfully referred
here, of which two of the best, occurring on a single small slab, have been
selected for illustration. The species is the first referred to in my note on
sigillarian articulates appended to Sir William Dawson’s account of his
recent explorations* as having “perfectly flat segments showing only a very
slight and narrow transverse ridge at the anterior margin, occupying not
more than one-fourth of the segment.” In the form of the segment it is
comparable to Xylobius mazonus from Illinois, the anterior ridge having
the effect of a strap around the body (see fig. 6). The flatness of the seg-
ments is no doubt due in part to crushing, but the effect is to impress one
with the belief that the body was broader than high. Some specimens
seem to indicate that the transverse ridge was generally half as broad as
the remaining portion of the segment, and was separated from it by a
suture, when viewed from the under side of the dorsal scutes, so that the
body may be said to be made up of shorter and more elevated, and
longer and more depressed flattened segments. The surface itself of the
segments appears to be perfectly smooth and shows no signs whatever
of frustra; the dorsal scute of the largest specimen when laterally ex-
panded and crushed is 0°65" long and 5-75"" broad. Several specimens
show more or less connected fragments, making together a length of from
25 to 40™", and there can hardly be reason to doubt from all the appear-
ances taken together that the creature reached at least a length of from
60 to 70™. Remains of serially connected ventral scutes show that
these were nearly as broad as the dorsal and twice as numerous. The
absolute smoothness of the dorsal scutes, however, shows that the genus
cannot be referred to Euphoberia, although in every thing but the arma-
ture (so far as the fragments go) the relation is close.

Archiulus lyelli sp. nov.

Pl. rv., figs. 3, 7.

This additional species from the same locality as the preceding affords
no better material for study than it, but indicates as clearly the presence
of a hitherto unknown form. It is the second of the species referred to
in the note above alluded to as smaller than the preceding, and having
“ shorter and more simple segments, made slightly concave by the gentle
elevation of both front and hind margins, but with no anterior ridge.”

Four specimens are referred to this species, of which two are figured.
They all indicate asmall species perhaps 35"" long (the longest connected
fragment is perhaps 20™™ long) and 2™" broad. The segments appear to
average about four times as broad as long, to be smooth and entirely des-

*Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., Lond., 1882, 649.

ecuoveR. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 61

titute of armature, the anterior and posterior margins a little elevated,
and the body of the segment between them gently concave. The species
does not appear to have been flattened to so great a degree as the preceding,
and from the preservation of some of the fragments evidently tapered
toward the hinder extremity. In the preceding, no specimens indicated
any tapering, though not enough of them were preserved to say that they
did not taper. The hinder extremity being preserved in one specimen
here, it is seen to be bluntly rounded. The largest number of contiguous
segments in any preserved fragment is 37.

Like the preceding, these specimens all come from the sigillarian
stumps of Nova Scotia, and are due to the researches of Sir William
Dawson. It has seemed fitting to dedicate the species to one who with
him first made the discovery of this imprisoned fauna of the fossil trees.

Xylobius sigillariz Dawson.

‘A couple of imperfect fragments are referred here, but add nothing

whatever to what was before known.
Xylobius similis Scudder.
Biv etios. Ik 2:

Five specimens of a Xylobius larger than the others, of which the best
preserved fragment is figured on the plate, are referred to the largest of
the species previously described, with which they agree fairly well in
structure. As none of them shows more than a portion of the animal,
they add nothing to our knowledge of its form. The segments are not
very convex, and in the specimens seen vary from a little less to a little
more than five times as broad as long, and have a length of a little more
than a millimetre ; the frustra are generally somewhat longer than broad,
but in the three segments shown in fig. 1 (which represents, still further
enlarged, three segments from just to the left of the middle of fig. 2)
they are but very little longer, though the figure somewhat exaggerates

the similarity of the dimensions.
Xylobius fractus Scudder.

Three specimens are referred here, but with much doubt; they con-
sist in each case of only a very few and imperfect adjoining segments.

Xylobius dawsoni Scudder.
Biev. fee-3:

Seven specimens are referred to this species, but they consist in all
cases of only a few contiguous segments. The longest is shown in fig. 3,

62 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALEONTOLOGY. ‘

but presents little that is characteristic, the elevation of the transverse
anterior ridge being obliterated and the frustra too faint to be represent-
ed. There are here, however, as in some of the other specimens, faint
signs of what appears to be aseries of minute warts, probably the bases of
spines situated on one side upon the anterior ridge, and some of the others
show possible marks of a second series a little above the base of the legs,
though this is by no means clear.

ARACHNIDA.
Order SCORPIONES.
Mazonia Meek and Worthen.

In his memoir on the Carboniferous scorpions of Scotland,* Mr. B. N.
Peach endeayours to show (p. 408-409) that this genus is identical with
Eoscorpius of the same authors, to which he refers all the Scottish species.
He endeavours to account for the absence of the smaller lateral eyes by
the overhanging of the cephalothorax in front, but while this would have
undoubtedly concealed the eyes along the anterior border, such an expla-
nation will hardly account for the absence of those at the sides behind the
anterior lateral corners, and Messrs. Meek and Worthen expressly state
that ‘the anterior lateral margins (particularly on one side) are well pre-
served.” There is, moreover, another difference which should have some
weight, for the cephalothorax of Mazonia is broadest in front and narrows
regularly though slightly backward, and is longer than broad; while in
all the species of Eoscorpius yet discovered, though they have in general
the same subquadrate form, the reverse is true, the base being enlarged
considerably, so that the anterior is distinctly less than the posterior
breadth, and the basal breadth is greater than the length; and since in
Cyclophthalmus, more satisfactorily distinguishable from Eoscorpius by
the definitely different arrangement of the smaller eyes, the cephalothorax
is broadest in the middle and narrows in both anterior and posterior
directions, it seems probable that when we discover the arrangement of
the eyes in Mazonia, we shall detect something further and more satis-
factory to distinguish the genus and that hence, pending discoveries, it is
well not to relegate it to the same immediate group as Eoscorpius.

This conclusion seems the more reasonable when we state that there
occur among the sigilJarian relics imperfect remains of a scorpion which,
though the anterior lateral margins are imperfect, shows just these same
characters of the cephalothorax, which is longer than broad, is broadest
anteriorly, and narrows gently and regularly toward the base. It seems
better, therefore, until further light is thrown upon Mazonia to regard it

*Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb., xxx., 397-412, pl. 22, 23. 4°. Edinburgh, 1882.

scupoen. | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. 63

as distinct from Eoscorpius. Regarding the possible position and arrange-
ment of the lateral eyes, remarks will be found under the species.

Mazonia acadica.
Pl. v., figs. 5, 6 (also figs. 8, 97).

The species here referred to Mazonia and regarded as distinct from
M. woodiana from the Carboniferous deposits of Mazon Creek, IIL, is
primarily founded upon a single specimen and its reverse shown in figs. 5
and 6. These show the whole of the dorsal surface of the cephalothorax
(fig. 5) and its reverse (fig. 6), together with the basal segment of the
abdomen and part of the segment behind it. The cephalothorax is shown
to have had somewhat the shape of a horse’s hoof, well arched anteriorly,
broadest in the middle of the apical half, narrowing very gently and
regularly to the abdomen which is of equal width with its base ; it is a
little longer than broad, tumid centrally but depressed broadly around the
sides, very strongly and abruptly elevated anteriorly behind the marginate
border and at the broadest portion, forming a slender transverse semi-
lunate prominence upon which the eyes (here abraded) are seated. On
the lateral margins, along the middle of the depressed portion and running
backward from opposite the ocellar prominence, is a regular series of about
half a dozen minute, subequidistant, subconical, and apparently crateriform
verrucosities, which the condition of the specimen permits to be seen on
only one side. If, as seems probable, these are the lateral eyes, their
number, position, and arrangement show that this scorpion cannot be
placed in either Eoscorpius or Cyclophthalmus, and renders our conclusion
that Mazonia may be retained the more justifiable. Behind the median
ocellar prominence and leading from the ]unar horns of the same, there is
on either side an obscure ridge running parallel to the sides and, next the
posterior border of the cephalothorax, slightly elevated into a broad boss.
The first abdominal segment shows just behind these elevations a pair of
strongly elevated, subconical prominences only less raised than the ocellar
prominence, and from which run, backward and inward, converging on
the posterior part of the second abdominal segment, a pair of low ridges.
Wherever the surface structure can be clearly seen, it appears to be
smooth and light coloured, excepting for tolerably regularly scattered dark
circular pustules, in some places apparently slightly elevated or roughened
which are separated from each other by their own diameter or a little
more, and which have a diameter of from one-half to one-third that of the
supposed lateral ocelli.

Length of cephalothorax, 8""; its greatest width, 7-25"; width at
base, 6°75™™.

64 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALAONTOLOGY.

Two other fragments are drawn upon the plate, showing in some part a
coarse embossing such as appears upon the side of the cephalothorax in
the reverse of the original specimen (fig. 6), of which no special mention
was made ; by figure 6 it appears that the lateral borders of the cephalo-
thorax, outside the supposed lateral eyes, were occupied by a close series
of circular or subquadrate abruptly depressed pits (which in reverse would
appear as a sort of pavement of elevated bosses) more or less linearly
arranged and considerably larger than the supposed lateral eyes. In one
of these other fragments they also appear in reverse and are more highly
magnified in the illustration (fig. 8), but the fragment is so imperfect and
broken that it is impossible to say from what part of the body it comes,
and the bosses are seen to vary greatly in size. In another fragment,
shown in figure 9, the same are seen as pits upon the surface of a small
piece of the test covered otherwise by two other fragments of quite
different character and which I cannot regard as in place, since one shows
a strongly convex, the other an as strongly concave, surface ; at first sight
I thought I had here the fragment of a cephalothorax of different con-
struction which bore some resemblance to one side of Peach’s figure of the
cephalothorax of Hoscorpius inflatus (1. ¢., pl. 23, fig. 12a), but the rever-
sal of the two subtriangular pieces which lie atop the pitted test renders
this supposition quite impossible, and indeed makes any attempt to under-
stand the connection of the two out of question. Both these pitted
tests, then, agree so closely with what appears in fig. 6 that there is no
reason to suppose we are dealing with another species.

Mazonia sp.
Pl. v., fig. 4.

Quite otherwise, however, is it with the fragment shown in fig. 4.
Here we have a large piece of test, which has the appearance of being the
anterior lateral third of a cephalothorax as large as that of figs. 5, 6, and of
very much the same contour. It is, however, otherwise totally different;
for the whole is very gently and regularly vaulted with no ocellar ele-
vation, nor median eyes, the margin followed by a broad and tolerably
deep sulcus in which (apparently) are traces of two or three minute semi-
globular ocelli ; while the test itself, smooth or nearly so over most of
its surface, is distantly punctate in front,* and behind is foveolate with
abruptly sunken circular or longitudinally ovate pits of differing size and
depth, but in general becoming larger and deeper posteriorly. If this
really represents a portion of the cephalothorax of a scorpion, then it
probably belongs to a distinct species of Mazonia, for the general form

*The artist accidentally drew this upside down, and the shading required that it
should be so placed upon the plate.

scuDDER: | CANADIAN FOSSIL INSECTS. : 65

and the position of the supposed lateral ocelli (on the upper surface of a
depressed sublaminate lateral margin near its middle) would indicate
that it was probably a Mazonia ; but the special character of the test, the
gentle convexity of the upper surface, and the very distant withdrawal
from the anterior margin of the median eyes (for only here is there any
place for them on this specimen) would certainly show a different, and a
very different, species.

There remains to be mentioned specifically only the fragment of test
shown in fig. 7, where the only certainly natural margin is shown above ;
whether the other two nearly straight margins are also natural is un-
certain from the conditions of their preservation. This bit of test shows
a nearly flat, irregularly punctured surface, and I can only conjecture
that it belonged to either the upper or more probably the under surface
of one of the larger abdominal segments. In that case it would appear
to be too large to have corresponded to an individual of the size shown
in fig. 5, but rather to have belonged to one nearly or quite half as large
again. Whether it can have belonged to the same species seems very
doubtful, for apart from the disparity in size, the character of the surface
sculpture bears no sort of agreement with that seen in the other speci-
mens ; but of course nothing can be predicated of it without further
material.

Note by Sir J. William Dawson.

As stated above by Mr. Scudder, the remains described by him in this
paper were discovered in the interior of erect trees in the coal-formation
of Nova Scotia, into which after they became hollow by decay, amphibians,
millipedes, scorpions, and land snails had fallen or crept, and had sub-
sequently been covered up and so preserved, when the hollow trees were
filled with sand and mud.

Repositories of this kind were first discovered at the South Joggins in
Nova Scotia, by Sir C. Lyell and the writer, in 1851, and an account of
an amphibian anda land snail found in one of them was published in
1853.* Additional discoveries, including a millipede, Xylobius sigillarie,
were published in 1859.+ Subsequently, in several visits to the locality,
and with the aid of a grant from the Royal Society, a number of other
trees were taken out and examined. The whole of these trees, with one
exception, occur in the sandstone beds forming the cliff and reef of Coal
Mine Point, near the Joggins coal mine, and constituting a part of
division 4, group xv., of my sectional list of this coal field.{ From these

* Journ. Geol. Soc., Lon., ix., 58.
+ Ibid., xvi., 268.
+ Acadian Geology, 156-192.

66 CONTRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PALMONTOLOGY.

beds I have at various times extracted twenty-six trees, besides studying

the remains of others which have fallen naturally.

These singular receptacles naturally contain only remains of land
animals, along with debris of wood and bark, and occasional fragments
of leaves, fruits, and other vegetable substances. In the memoir above
referred to, I have described twelve species of amphibians, of the groups
Microsauria and Labyrinthodontia, and three species of land snails,
besides the arthropod remains. Of the amphibians specimens repre-
senting fifty-three individuals have been found, and a great number of
land snails, especially of the species Pupa vetusta, as well as numerous
remains mostly fragmental of millipedes. Fragments of scorpions and of
insects are comparatively rare. Details respecting the reptilian remains
will be found in my memoir in the transactions of the Royal Society of
London, part ii., 1882, and respecting the land snails in the American
Journal of Science, for November, 1880, while some later discoveries of
amphibian remains are noticed in papers in the Geological Magazine,
April, 1891, and June, 1891.

Much credit is due to Mr. Scudder for the care and skill with which he
has worked up the fragmentary remains from the contents of the erect
sigillarie of the Joggins coal measures. With reference to the condition
of the specimens it is to be observed that these remains are found in the
matter filling the bases of hollow trees originally open to the air, into
which small amphibians have fallen and have possibly lived in these sin-
gular prisons for some time. Hence no doubt in part the fragmentary
condition of the myriapodal and arachnidan remains. Indeed segments
of millipedes and remains of insects have been found in the coprolitic
matter associated with the reptilian bones, so that it is quite likely that
the arthropods have been pulled to pieces and partially devoured by their
amphibian companions in misfortune. In addition to this the loose and
unequal character of the material fillmg the lower part of the hollow trees
has caused much crushing and distortion of the flexible crusts of these
creatures, and has rendered it difficult to obtain from the mass even such
fragments as those I was able to submit to Mr. Scudder’s inspection. On
the other hand it is a rare chance to find even such fragments preserved
at all, and but for the accident of the mode of decay and entombment of
these trees, we might have known nothing of these curious and ancient
air-breathers of the coal-formation of Nova Scotia.

The identification of remains of scorpions is further of interest from the
light which it casts on one at least of the uses of the scaly armour of the
smaller amphibians of the coal measures. They may, as Mr. Scudder has
already suggested, have required protection from the active and venomous
arachnidans with which they had to compete, or on which they may in
some cases have fed.

<i Syren es co ROS

PLATE IV.

All the drawings are hy J. Henry blake.

‘ Fx

Siteeveg) sp. cf

Amynilyspes? sp. 3. - — a Nags

Archiulus lyelli, a few contiguous segments, *.
Archiulus xylobioides, part of a single segment, a
Archiulus euphoberioides, the largest fragment, %.
Archiulus euphoberioides, a few UME ANOS segments,
Archiulus lyelli, the largest fragment, *.

Grological Survey of Canada.

CONTR TOsCAN. PAL: VOLT PEATE IN

B Meisel Jith Boston

werd b= &

PLATE Vv.
All the drawings are by J. Henry Blake.

Fig. 1. Xylobius similis, & ; three segments from. just in f 4

8. Mazonia sp., perhaps acadica,

. Xylobius dawson 4,

middle of fig. 2, ncher enlarged and shown in out
Xylobius similis, } ; see also fig. 1.

Mazonia sp., §; the anterior Sao is below.

Mazonia Senge eee 3,

. Mazonia acadica, 3.

Perhaps a part of the inferior? abdominal
Mazonia, 4°. f

6
1
. Mazonia sp., perhaps acadica, +.

— Grological Survey of Canad.

CONTR. TO.CAN. PAL. VOL. 1 PLATE V.

B Meisel, lith. Boston

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