--:-.

assas

CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY

OF THE WEST INDIES

Prepared under the Direction of
THOMAS WAYLAND VAUGHAN

PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON

WASHINGTON, 1919

CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON
PUBLICATION No. 291

PRESS OF GIBSON BROTHERS, INC.
WASHINGTON. D. C.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Introduction by Thomas Wayland Vaughan 5

Tertiary Calcareous Algae from the Islands of Saint Bartholomew, Antigua, and

Anguilla, by Marshall A. Howe 9

Fossil Foraminifera from the West Indies, by Joseph Augustine Cushman 21

Fossil Bryozoa from the West Indies, by Ferdinand Canu and R. S. Bassler 73

Tertiary Mollusks from the Leeward Islands and Cuba, by Charles Wythe Cooke .... 103

West Indian Tertiary Decapod Crustaceans, by Mary J. Rathbun 157

3

INTKODUCTION.

BY THOMAS WAYLAND VAUGHAN.

INTRODUCTION.

The series of memoirs contained in the present volume has resulted
from a minor grant made to me by the Carnegie Institution of Wash-
ington in the autumn of 1913 for the study of the stratigraphic geology
and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several of the smaller
West Indian Islands and from the authority given me by the Director
of the United States Geological Survey to make the investigations as a
part of my official work. The objects of these studies were stated in
my first progress report,1 as follows:

it.

(1) To study the stratigraphic geology of the islands, and to make paleon-
tologic collections with special reference to the stratigraphic occurrence of the
fossils, so as to establish a proper basis for correlating the geologic formations
in the islands with those of the southeastern United States and Panama.

(2) To make additional collections of fossil corals in order to present a more
comprehensive and exact account of the successive coral faunas antecedent to
the living fauna than was possible with the material already available, and
thus trace the history of the development of the coral faunas through Tertiary
time up to and including the Recent fauna.

(3) To study the physiography of the islands in order to get a basis for
making deductions as to how the conditions were brought about under which
the living coral reefs were formed.

I left Washington during the latter part of January 1914, and spent
the month of February and most of March in the islands of Antigua,
Saint Bartholomew, Anguilla, Saint Martin, and Saint Christopher.
While engaged in field work I received a great deal of help from the
officials of the respective islands and will particularly mention Sir H.
Hesketh Bell, then governor of the Leeward Islands, and T. L. Rox-
borough, then administrator of Saint Christopher. Rather large collec-
tions of fossils resulted from my efforts and they have now been com-
pletely or almost completely described and illustrated. Five papers
are herewith presented; my own account of the fossil coral faunas is
almost finished; Dr. Robert T.Jackson has nearly completed his memoir
on the fossil echinoids; and Dr. Paul Bartsch intends to submit a paper
on the fossil and living land Mollusca of the Leeward and Virgin Islands.

The accompanying papers and those nearly complete supply the
foundation for the correlation of the different geologic events in the
West Indies, and they will be followed by descriptions of local geologic
details and an account of the general development of the region, in
correlation with the geologic events that were taking place in the
southeastern United States and Central America. Most of the manu-
script relating to local details and geologic interpretation is already
written and might have been complete had the entrance of the United
States into the World War not necessitated diversion to other duties.

1 Carnegie Institution of Washington Year Book No. 13, p. 358, 1915.

7

8 INTRODUCTION.

Since my return from the West Indies in 1914, I have either based
several papers on the results of my work there or have utilized those
results in connection with other papers. The following is the list:

Papers by Thomas Wayland Vaughan containing results of his
West Indian Expedition in 1914.

The platforms of barrier coral reefs. Am. Geog. Soc. Bull., vol. 46, pp. 426-429, 1914.
Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several

of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash.

Year Book No. 13, 1914, pp. 358-360, 1915.
Coral reefs and reef corals of the southeastern United States, their geologic history and their

significance. Abstract, Science, new ser., vol. 41, pp. 508-509, Apr. 2, 1915;

Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 26, pp. 58-60, 1915.
Introductory remarks to symposium on the factors producing changes in position of strand

line during Pleistocene and post-Pleistocene. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol.

5, pp. 444-445, June 19, 1915.

[Resume of the present status of geologic correlation of the Cretaceous and Tertiary for-
mations of the Antilles.] Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 5, p. 489, July 19, 1915.
Memorandum on the geology of the ground waters of the island of Antigua, British West

Indies. West Indian Bull., vol. 14, No. 4, 4| pp. and map, 1915. Imperial

Department of Agriculture for the West Indies.
Present status of the investigation of the origin of barrier coral reefs. Am. Jour. Sci., vol.

41, pp. 131-135, January 1916.
Some littoral and sublittoral physiographic features of the Virgin and Northern Leeward

Islands and their bearing on the coral-reef problem. Washington Acad. Sci.

Jour., vol. 6, No. 3, February 4, 1916; Abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 27,

No. 1, pp. 41-45, March 1916.
Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several

of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year

Book No. 14, pp. 368-373, 1916.
The corals and coral reefs of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Read before Am.

Assoc. Adv. Sci., in cooperation with the Pan-American Congress. Abstract,

Science, new ser., vol. 43, pp. 250-251, February 18, 1916.
Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several

of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year

Book No. 15, p. 359, 1917.
The reef-coral fauna of Carrizo Creek, San Diego County, California, and its significance.

U. S. Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 98-T, pp. 355-386, pis. 92-102, text-figs. 43-46,

1917. Abstract, Geol. Soc. America Bull., vol. 28, No. 1, p. 200, March 1917.
Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated organisms in several

of the smaller West Indian Islands [progress report]. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year

Book No. 16, p. 319, 1918.
Correlation of the Tertiary formations of the southeastern United States, Central America,

and the West Indies. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., vol. 8, pp. 268-276, May 1918.
Fossil corals from Central America, Cuba, and Porto Rico, with an account of the American

Tertiary, Pleistocene, and Recent coral reefs. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pp.

189-523, pis. 68-152, 22 text-figs., 1919.
The biologic character and geologic correlation of the sedimentary formations of Panama,

in their relation to the geologic history of Central America and the West Indies.

U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pp. 547-612, 1919.
Corals and the formation of coral reefs. Smithsonian Inst. Ann. Rept., 1917, pp. 189-238

37 pis., 16 text-figs, 1919.

I wish here to record my thanks to President Woodward, of the
Carnegie Institution of Washington, and to Dr. George Otis Smith, the
Director, and Dr. David White, the Chief Geologist, of the United
States Geological Survey, for the support they have given these inves-
tigations. It also gives me pleasure to express my deep appreciation
of the efforts of my scientific colleagues in making proper studies of the
rather large collections that I was so fortunate as to assemble.

I.

TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALGAE FROM THE ISLANDS OF
ST. BARTHOLOMEW, ANTIGUA, AND ANGUILLA.

BY MARSHALL A. HOWE.

With six plates.

TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALG7E FROM THE ISLANDS OF
ST. BARTHOLOMEW, ANTIGUA, AND ANGUILLA.

BY MARSHALL A. HOWE.

The present paper contains descriptions and illustrations of the fossil
calcareous algae collected in February and March 1914, by Dr. T. W.
Vaughan, in the Eocene St. Bartholomew limestone of the island of St.
Bartholomew, the middle Oligocene Antigua formation of the island of
Antigua, and the upper Oligocene Anguilla formation of the island of
Anguilla.

Class RHODOPHYCE^E.

Family CORALLINACE^E.

Genus ARCH^OLITHOTHAMNIUM Rothpletz.

Archaeolithothamnium affine, new species'.

(Plate 4, Figure 1; Plate 5.)

The following is a description of this species :

Thallus terete or slightly flattened, 3 cm. (or more?) long, 3.5 to 6.0 mm. in
diameter (8 mm. at a dichotomy), somewhat divaricately dichotomous, more
or less sinuous and nodose, the apices broad and rounded-obtuse or subacute;
medullary hypothallium zonate, its cells mostly 16 to 30 n by 8 to 13 ju, transi-
tion to the perithallium gradual; perithallium more or less distinctly zonate,
its cells 8 to 26 M by 8 to 13 M, often about 14 /j, high and 12 ju broad; sporangia!
sori becoming overgrown and embedded, the sporangial cavities elliptic-oval
in longitudinal section, 55 to 78 ju high and 27 to 46 n broad.

In the Carlisle marl pit (Oligocene, lower part of Antigua forma-
tion), on slope just above the level of the central plain, Antigua, West
Indies, T. W. Vaughan, station No. 6873 (type), February 10, 1914;
also at McKinnon's (Oligocene, Antigua formation), Antigua, T. W.
Vaughan, No. 6888, March 1914. The latter of the two specimens
is partially embedded, but the former (plate 4) is free. The structure
in both is well preserved and ground sections exhibit their structure
nearly as well as would be the case with living or recent material.
A. affine appears to be closely related to the living A. sibogce A. Web.
and Fosl.1 of the region of the Sulu Archipelago, Borneo, and Celebes,
from which it seems to differ in its larger cells, especially of the peri-
thallium, which are 8 to 26 ^ by 8 to 13 n, while in A. sibogce they were
described by Weber and Foslie as 5 to 12 /JL by 5 to 8 ^; in microtome

1 Foslie, M., Three new Lithothamnia, Kgl. Norsk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., 1901, No. 1, p. 3; Weber-
van Bosse, A., and M. Foslie, The Corallinaceae of the Siboga Expedition, Siboga Exped.
Monog. 61, 1904, p. 41, pi. vn.

11

12 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

sections made from decalcified material of authentic A. sibogce furnished
by Madam Weber, the perithallic cells often seem larger 'than these
measurements would indicate, yet the cells are rarely more than 13 /z
long, while in our fossil plant most of the cells, in radio-vertical section,
are more than 13 /x long. Moreover, our sections of A. affine are mostly
oblique and our measurements may not do full justice to the length of
its cells. Numerous "minute square and oblique intermediate cells
* * * 2 to 4 /i in diameter," ascribed to A. sibogce, we have not
observed in A. affine.

The sporangial cavities are numerous and they appear in thallus
sections sometimes in rows of 30 or 40. Some of the embedded sori
are near the surface and others are so close to the medulla that two-
thirds of the radius of the thallus-branch would lie external to them.

Archceolithothamnium curasavicum (K. Mart.) Foslie,1 a Cretaceous
fossil from the island of Curasao, is described and figured as having a
crustaceous rather than a terete fruticose thallus. Martin's figure 23,
however, looks a little like a cross-section through an eccentric terete
thallus, but it is described as a longitudinal section and is probably
designed to represent the coralline as attached to and partially inclosing
some foreign object, an explanation that gains support from the
author's description of the plant.

Of the hitherto described fossil species of Archceolithothamnium, A.
affine is probably best compared with A. turonicum (Rothpl.) Fosl.,2
from the Turonian of Le Beausset, Dep. Var, France, but it is coarser,
having branches 3.5 to 6 mm. instead of 3 mm. in diameter.

Genus LITHOTHAMNIUM Philippi.

Lithothamnium concretum, new species.

(Plate 1, Figure 2; Plate 2.)

The following is a description of this species :

Thallus forming irregularly hemispheric, subglobose, or ellipsoidal, solid or
more or less hollow, concretionary masses, mostly 2 to 5 cm. in diameter, the
surface exhibiting a few rounded, slightly pronounced irregular knobs or
lobes, these usually 5 to 15 mm. broad and 5 to 8 mm. high; medulla irregularly
oblong in section, 5 to 15 mm. broad, becoming hollow on exposure; weathered
fractures of thallus showing numerous tortuous or irregularly plicate more or
less concentric lamellae, these mostly 0.5 to 1.0 mm. thick, at length somewhat
elevated or solute; cells of primary medullary hypothallia 8 to 13 n broad;3
secondary hypothallia infrequent, 100 to 170 ju thick, scarcely "coaxial," their
cells 14 to 18 fj. (rarely 26 ju) by 8 to 13 /x; perithallium conspicuously, sharply,
narrowly, and irregularly zonate, its larger cells 10 to 15 /i by 8 to 12 /i, its
smaller 8 ju by 6 M or subquadrate (8 to 11 /x square) or occasionally broader

1 Lithothamnium curasavicum K. Mart. Bericht iiber eine Reise nach Niederlandisch Weat-

Indien und darauf gegriindete Studien. II. Geologie, 1888, p. 26, pi. n, figs. 22 to 25.

2 Lithothamnium turonicum Rothpl. Zeitschr. deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 43, 1891, pi. xvi, figs. 9, 13.

[Plate is wrongly numbered xv.]

3 Not well shown in longitudinal view in the sections thus far made.

TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALG.E. 13

than high; tetrasporangial conceptacles numerous, becoming embedded,
oblong or elliptic-oblong in radio-vertical section, 380 to 770 n in maximum
width, 122 to 168 /x in height; roof of conceptacle flat or very slightly convex,
its cells 6 to 10 M (rarely 13 /*) high, only slightly higher than broad.

Hodges Bluff, lower bed (Oligocene, middle part of Antigua forma-
tion), Antigua, West Indies, T. W. Vaughan, No. 6862,1 February 6,
1914.

Lithothamnium concretum may deserve comparison with Lithotham-
nium suganum Rothpl.,2 from the Tertiary ("Scio-Schichten") of Val
Sugana, near Borgo in the Austrian Tyrol, but its perithallic cells
appear to be often larger (8 to 15 ju by 6 to 12 /z as compared with 9
to 12 fj, by 7 to 9 p,) and its conceptacles also are much larger (380 to
770 ju by 122 to 168 ju vs. 250 M by 100 /*). We have seen no pub-
lished figure or description of external form of L. suganum. Possibly
Lithothamnium torulosum Giimbel3 is a nearer relative. This was first
found near Traunstein, in Bavaria, and was originally attributed to
the Oligocene, but Rothpletz4 reports it from other localities in Europe
and thinks it belongs primarily to the Eocene. This forms rounded,
slightly lobed or warted masses (specimen figured is about 3 cm. by
1.5 cm., with elevations about 5 mm. in diameter). Giimbel gives cell
measurements as 8 /JL by 6 ju, but Rothpletz makes the perithallic cells
7 to 12 fj, by 7 to 9 n, from which it would appear that those of L.
concretum are a little Larger. Giimbel did not describe or figure con-
ceptacles, but Rothpletz states that they are 400juby 150/z, which prob-
ably means that they are considerably smaller than in L. concretum.

The plant is not closely related to any species of Lithothamnium
now living in the West Indian region, so far as is known to the writer.
In fact, it is not obvious with what living or recent species it may
best be compared.

Since the above was written, the writer has received (May 1919) an
important paper by Madame Paul Lemoine on some fossil coralline
algae of Martinique,5 the distribution of which paper has possibly been
somewhat delayed by war conditions. In this treatise several new
species are described, one of which, Lithothamnium lacroixi Lemoine,
based upon thin sections of pieces of calcareous rock thrown up by the
volcano Mount Pelee and of uncertain geologic age, evidently shows a
close affinity to L. concretum. It would, however, seem to be a more
crustaceous and less massive plant than L. concretum, with cells of the

1 The sections shown in the micrographs, which may be considered the type material in a narrow

sense, came from a fragment that has been labeled aa; b is another alga, both from station 6862.

2 Zeitschr. deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 43, 1891, p. 319, plate xvii, fig. 4. Compare also Capeder, G.,

Malpighia, vol. 14, 1900, pp. 176, 177, plate vi, fig. 3.

s Abhandl. mat.-phys. Cl. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 11, abth. 1, 1871, p. 40, plate n, figs. 6a, 66.
4 Zeitschr. deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 43, 1891, p. 318.

6 Contribution a 1'etude des Corallinacees fossiles. Bull. Soc. Geol. de France, s6r. 4, vol. 17
1917, pp. 233-279. (Date of distribution, Dec. 1918; fide auct. in litt.)

14 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

perithallium in more manifest vertical rows; in radio-vertical sections
of L. concretum it is the horizontal or concentric alignment of the peri-
thallic cells that is the regular and obvious thing (see plate 2), while in
L. lacroixi the vertical or radial alignment would often appear to be
more manifest.

Genus LITHOPHYLLUM Philippi.

Lithophyllum homogeneum, new species.
(Plate 1, Figure 1; Plate 3.)

The following is a description of this species:

Thallus massive or coarsely subfrutescent, forming concrescent masses 7 to
18 cm. (or more?) broad, the main branches or axes subterete, subtrigonous or
irregularly flattened, 5 to 20 mm. in diameter; weathered fractures showing
rather indistinct irregularly concentric lamellae, these "ess than 1 mm. thick;
cells of both hypothallium and perithallium in regular layers; secondary
hypothallia of rare occurrence; cells of hypothallium 20 to 26 /* by 8 to 13 M;
perithallium for the most part obscurely, or now and then distinctly, zonate,
rather homogeneous in structure, its cells mostly 13 to 20 fj. by 10 to 13 n,
occasionally reaching length of 25 n; conceptacles unknown.

Embedded in limestone (upper Eocene or lower Oligocene), above
head of Governor's Bay, St. Bartholomew, T. W. Vaughan, station
No. 6923, February 22, 1914.

In its massive, coarsely subfrutescent habit, Lithophyllum homo-
geneum may have borne some resemblance to the recent L. antillarum
Foslie and Howe,1 but it is very different in structure, having a gen-
eral ground substance of much larger cells and failing to show (in sec-
tion) the short rows of enlarged cells which characterize Foslie's genus
or subgenus Porolithon.

Among the fossil forms, a weathered section of one of the coarser
branches of Lithophyllum homogeneum may bear a slight superficial
resemblance to Lithothamnium concretum M. A. Howe (Antigua,
Vaughan, No. 6862), but a prepared section shows a much more homo-
geneous, less zonate structure, with larger cells. Conceptacles have not
been identified with certainty, but the vegetative structure suggests
that its place is with Lithophyllum rather than with Lithothamnium.
A possible relative is the plant from Oligocene strata at "Astrup bei
Osnabriick," Germany, described and figured by Giimbel2 as Litho-
thamnium tuberosum and afterwards described by Rothpletz.3 The
specimens of the latter were apparently free, while Lithophyllum
homogeneum is embedded, so that it is somewhat difficult to compare
the two as to external form, but L. homogeneum is probably a more
frutescent and less crustaceous plant, with branches, or some of them,

1 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, vol. 33, 1906, p. 579, fig. 2 and plates 25, 26.

* Abhandl. mat.-phya. Cl. k. bayer. Akad. Wiss., vol. 11, abth. 1, 1871, p. 39, plate I, figs. 5o, 56, 5c.

8 Zeitschr. deutsch. Geol. Ges., vol. 43, 1891, p. 317, 318.

TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALG^J. 15

coarser (5 to 20 mm. in diameter vs. 8 to 10 mm.). Rothpletz refers
to the thickening of the thallus by a repeated " Ueberwucherimg " of
the hypothallium — a character that is scarcely noticeable in L. homo-
geneum, so far as is shown by the sections thus far obtained. No
conceptacles were observed in Lithothamnium tuberosum, so the genus
remains in doubt. The cell measurements as given by Giimbel are
somewhat less than those obtained from our Lithophyllum homogeneum,
while those given by Rothpletz from an " Originalstiick " are somewhat
greater. Rothpletz often finds Gumbel's cell measurements too small
and he intimates that Giimbel had made some error in calibrating his
eye-piece micrometer.

Lithophyllum (?) molare, new species.
(Plate 4, Figures 2 to 4.)

The following is a description of this species :

Thallus masses 2 to 4 cm. (and more?) in height, composed of more or less
fused or anastomosing flattened branches, these 4 to 10 mm. broad, 3 to 5 mm.
thick, molariform or subspatulate, the obtuse, retuse, or sparingly corrugated
apices sometimes free for 5 to 10 mm. ; perithallium and medullary hypothallium
not clearly differentiated, cells of both in regular layers; cells of medullary
hypothallium 20 to 26 n by 10 to 13 p. ; perithallium rather obscurely or now
and then distinctly zonate, showing occasionally 1 to 4 layers of short cells
alternating with a subequal number of layers of long cells, the cells subquad-
rate in section, the larger 15 to 18 ju in diameter, often 16 n high and 13 /x
broad, the smaller about 8 n in diameter, often broader than high; concepta-
cles unknown.

From bluff (Oligocene, middle of Antigua formation) on north side
of Willoughby Bay, Antigua, T. W. Vaughan, b from station No.
6881. Another and evidently different coralline alga (a from station
No. 6881), with subterete, intricately intertangled branches 1.5 to
3 mm. in diameter, was collected at the same time and place, but the
two apparently do not occur intermingled.

In general form and habit, Lithophyllum (?) molare resembles certain
broad-branched forms of the recent Lithophyllum dcedaleum Fosl. &
Howe,1 originally described from Porto Rico, and also, in a less degree,
the recent Lithophyllum platyphyllum Fosl.,2 from St. Martin, of the
Leeward Islands. It seems, however, to differ from both of these in
the thicker, more distinctly zonate perithallium and the relatively
shorter and (in section) more quadrate cells. In both L. dcedaleum and
L. platyphyllum, the larger cells of the inner perithallium or outer
medullary hypothallium (the two tissue-systems commonly blend

1 Bull. N. Y. Bot. Garden, vol. 4, 1906, p. 133, plates 83, 84, and 85, f. 1.

1 Goniolithon platyphyllum Fosl., Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1898, No. 6, p. 13; Lithophyllum
platyphyllum Fosl., Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1900, No. 5, p. 18. As was subsequently
recognized by Foslie, this species has nothing to do with L. craspedium and L. africanum,
between which it was placed in his "Revised Systematical Survey."

16 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

together very gradually) are usually about 26 ju long and twice as long
as broad; in L. (?) molare the corresponding cells are about 15 to 18 ju
long and scarcely longer than broad. Our best sections of L. (?) molare
are, however, somewhat oblique and may not do full justice to the
length of the cells. In L. platyphyllum the much flattened branches
are thinner and less massive, being only 1.25 to 2 mm. thick.

Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie.
(Plate 6.)

Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Ski., 1909, No. 2, p. 59.
Maslophora melobesioides Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Aarsber. for 1902, p. 24,

1903; Siboga Exped. Monog. 61, 1904, p. 75-77, figs. 30-32.
Mastophora (Lithoporella) melobesioides Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., No. 7, p.

19, 1908; op. cit., No. 2, p. 52, 1909.
Maslophora (Lithoporella) atlantica Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., No. 2, p. 27,

1906.

Lithoporella atlantica Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., No. 2, p. 59, 1909.
Mastophora (Lithoporella) conjunda Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., No. 6, p. 30,

1907.
Lithoporella conjuncta Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., No. 2, p. 59, 1909.

The following is a description of the fossil West Indian forms of this
species :

Monostromatic thalli occurring singly, or 2 to 8 of them irregularly, loosely,
or now and then rather compactly superposed; cells (19) 23 to 57 /t high and
13 to 39 /i wide, 1 to 3 (mostly 1.5 to 2) times as high as wide, in a vertical
section appearing for the most part distinctly rounded at the angles and occa-
sionally suborbicular and submonilif orm ; conceptacles unknown.

On and intercalated among other calcareous algae incrusting a fossil
millepore (?), in "top bed" (upper Oligocene), Crocus Bay, Anguilla,
T. W. Vaughan, station No. 6967 (plate 6, fig. 2); with millepore (?),
Crocus Bay Hill (upper Oligocene), roadside, descent to Crocus Bay
from valley, Anguilla, T. W. Vaughan, station No. 6893 ; intermingled
with other calcareous algae from bluff (Oligocene, middle of Antigua
formation) on north side of Willoughby Bay, Antigua, T. W. Vaughan,
station No. 6881; and intercalated with Lithophyllum homogeneum in
limestone (upper Eocene or lower Oligocene) from above head of
Governor's Bay, St. Bartholomew, T. W. Vaughan, No. 6923 (plate 6,
fig. 1), February 22, 1914.

The description, as given above, is drawn from the fossil West
Indian specimens cited, but it would require only very slight changes
in the cell measurements to make it include all of the forms, recent and
fossil, described by Foslie under the names cited above. On first
meeting with this plant in one of the Anguilla specimens from station
No. 6967, it was our impression that it might be considered specifically
distinct from all of the forms described by Foslie in its shorter cells
(19 to 42 n in the specimen cited), but the subsequent discovery of the
other specimens showed both a great variety of forms and sizes of cells

TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALG^E. 17

in a single individual and also a complete intergrading with the cell
characters of Lithoporella melobesioides, L, atlantica, and L. conjuncta,
as described by Foslie. Form and size of the vegetative cells and size
of the conceptacles are the characters relied upon by Foslie to dis-
tinguish his proposed species in this genus. The following comparison
will, we think, illustrate the difficulty of maintaining species based on
these distinctions; the numbers in parenthesis denote occasional
extremes:

Cell dimensions of species, ace. to Foslie:

L. melobesioides 1903, 30-60 M X 25 M-

L. melobesioides 1904, 30-60 (75) M X (12) 15-25 (30) M-

L. melobesioides f. varians 1908, 40-54 M X (18) 25-43 /u-

L. melobesioides f. typica 1909, (25) 30-60 (75) n X 15-30 (40) M-

L. melobesioides f. varians 1909, (30) 40-60 (85) M X (18) 25-43 (54) ju.

L. atlantica 1906, (32) 36-55 (60) M X 18-36 (40) M-

L. conjuncta 1907, (25) 36-54 (65) M X 14-29 M-

Leeward Islands fossils (19) 23-57 M X 13-39 M-

Conceptacles of species ace. to Foslie:

L. melobesioides 1903, 600-1000 ju.

L. melobesioides 1904, 800-1000 n.

L. atlantica 1906, 500-800 ju-

L. conjuncta 1907, (400) 500-800 p..

From the above showing it would appear that, unless future researches
should reveal conceptacles of a distinctive character, there is little or
no ground for considering the Leeward Islands fossil specifically
different from recent forms already described.

Lithoporella melobesioides was originally described as a living species
from the Maldives, but has since been reported also as a fossil from
New Guinea.1 L. atlantica and L. conjuncta, both recent species, were
described from St. Jan in the Danish West Indies and the west coast of
Africa, respectively. All of these were originally proposed under the
generic name Mastophora, but in the typical species of Mastophora
the thallus consists of several layers of thick-walled cells, which are
very slightly or not at all calcined. Foslie' s final establishment2 of a
genus Lithoporella to receive the monostromatic calcified forms that
he had previously referred to Mastophora seems justified, though
Madame Lemoine, in a recent paper,3 prefers to consider Lithoporella
a subgenus of Melobesia.

Lithoporella pacifica (Heydrich) Foslie,4 first described as a recent
plant of the Hawaiian Islands, is said by Foslie to have cells that are
32 to 80 (110) ju by 7 to 12 n, which would make them considerably
longer and narrower than those of any of the forms referred to above.
Moreover, there are discrepancies of some importance between the
descriptions of this plant as given by Heydrich and as given by Foslie,

1 Siboga Exped. Monog. 61, 1904, p. 75-77, fig. 32.
8 Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1909, No. 2, p. 58.
8 In B0rgesen, Dansk Bot. Ark., vol. 3, 1917, No. 1, p. 174.

* Melobesia pacifica Heydrich, Bot. Jahrb. vol. 28, 1901, p. 529; Mastophora (Lithoporella) pacifica
Foslie, Kgl. Norske Vidensk. Selsk. 1909, No. 2, p. 53; Lithoporella pacifica Foslie, loc. cit., 59.

18 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

though both professedly examined the same material, preserved in the
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris. Foslie at first considered the
plant to belong to the Squamariaceae.1 In case that anyone should
find adequate grounds for combining Lithoporella pacifica with the
forms brought together above, it may be remarked that the name
pacifica would appear to enjoy priority rights over melobesioides.
However, there is a still earlier name of probable applicability that
must be considered if a "broad" view of species is to be accepted and
if the fossil and recent forms are to be looked upon as representing a
single species. This is the Lithothamnium tenuiseptum of Capeder,2
from the Pliocene of Monte Mario (near Rome?), Italy. Capeder's
figure of the microscopic structure is rather diagrammatic and sketchy
and we do not feel so confident that it represents our Leeward Islands
fossil as we do in regard to Foslie's more convincing figures of his L.
melobesioides. Capeder describes the cells as 60 /z by 18 ju and figures
them as 3 times as high as broad, a proportion that is of only occasional
occurrence in L. melobesioides as we know it. Conceptacles are de-
scribed as 404 /A by 202 ju, but if two cavities shown in his detailed figure
are the supposed conceptacles, and if the relations of the surrounding
cells are correctly represented, it may be suspected that these cavities
represent holes of boring animals or other fortuitous lacunae rather
than conceptacles.

The West Indian fossils that we are referring to Lithoporella melo-
besioides, as is usual with the species of Foslie's subgenus Eulitho-
porella, are very commonly overgrown by other calcareous algae,
sometimes lying in alternating layers with such algae, and are not
always visible in a surface view.

The collections made in the Leeward Islands by Dr. Vaughan include
several representatives of the Lithothamnieae in addition to the 5
species described and discussed in the foregoing report, but we have
not felt justified in giving them names, owing to the limited quantity
or unsatisfactory preservation of the material or to lack of success in
obtaining sufficiently instructive sections.

Deserving special mention among these specimens left undetermined
is one, a, from station No. 6881, bluff (Oligocene) on north side of Wil-
loughby Bay, Antigua, which has intertangled subterete branches
1.5 to 3.0 mm. in diameter.

A specimen from station No. 6854, Rifle Butts (Oligocene), Antigua,
shows one or more species of thin crustaceous Lithothamnieae closely
adherent to old millepores or corals. In general habit these resemble
the recent Goniolithon solubile Foslie and Howe, which now incrusts
dead corals and millepores throughout the West Indian region.

1 Kgl. Norskc Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. 1901, No. 2, p. 19.

2 M.ilpighia, vol. 14, 1900, p. 181, plate vi, figs, 17a, 176.

TERTIARY CALCAREOUS ALG^E. 19

Specimen a from station No. 6856, from Friars' Hill (Oligocene),
Antigua, includes an apparently sterile Lithothamnium which seems
to be very close to Lithothamnium isthmi M. A. Howe from the Oligo-
cene of the Panama Canal Zone (MacDonald and Vaughan, No. 6021)
and may be identical with it.

Specimen b, from station No. 6862, Hodges Bluff, lower bed (Oligo-
cene), Antigua, consists chiefly of one of the Lithothamnieae with rather
elongate subterete branches 2 to 4 mm. in diameter. In general habit
and in structure it seems to bear considerable resemblance to certain
forms of the recent Goniolithon strictum Fosl. of the West Indian region.

A specimen from station No. 6967, top bed (upper Oligocene),
Crocus Bay, Anguilla, shows chiefly a millepore or other calcareous
animal, but incrusting it, in addition to the Lithoporella melobesioides
mentioned above, is a Lithothamnium that appears to be related to the
recent L. syntrophicum Fosl. of the West Indian region, but probably
differing hi having a thallus that is not always thin and crustaceous,
but occasionally lifted into short knobs or wartlike excrescences.

HOWE

PLATE 1

FIG. 1. — Lithophyllum homogcneum, n. sp. Photograph of all of the embedded material, from
above head of Governor's Bay, St. Bartholomew (T. W. Vaughan, Station No. 6923) .
Natural size.

FIG. 2. — Lithothamnium concretum, n. sp.. Photograph of nearly free specimens from Hodge's
Bluff, Antigua (T. W. Vaughan, Station No. 6862). Natural size.

HOWE

PLATE 2

Lithothamnium concretum, n. sp.

FIG. 1. — Photograph of radio-veitical section (from same specimen as fig. 2), showing cell struc-
ture, tetrasporic conceptacles, etc., enlarged 100 diameters. The surface of the thallus
is toward the light.

FIG. 2. — Photograph of radio-vertical section, showing zonations, tetrasporic conceptacles, etc.,
enlarged 42 diameters.

HOWE

PLATE 3

Lithophijlliim homogeneum, n. sp.

Fie. 1. — Photograph of a radio-vertical section (from same fragment as section shown in flu;. :
showing secondary hypothallium, etc., enlarged 100 diameters.

Fi«;. ^--Photograph of an obliquely transverse- section of a part <>f a main axis, enlarged
diameters.

HOWE

PLATE 4

Fin. 1. — ArchcEolithothamnium affine, n. sp. Photograph of the free type specimen, from Car-
lisle marl pit. Antigua (T. W. Yaughan, Station Xo. 6873); slightly enlarged (V)

FIGS. 2 to 4. — LithophyUum (.') molarc, n. sp. (2) Photograph of all of material from north
side of Willoughln- Hay, Antigua (T. W.Vaughan, b from Station Xo. 6,ssl) : .-lisrhtly
enlargecl (-]). (3) Photograph of part of an obliquely transverse section of a large
branch, enlarged 44 diameters. (4) Photograph of part of a radio-longitudinal
section of same branch, showing perithallic cells, etc., enlarged 100 diameter-.

HOWE

PLATE 5

ArchcBolithothamnium affine n. sp.

FIG. 1. — Photograph of part of an obliquely transverse section (Antigua, T. W. Vaughan, Sta-
tion No. 6873), from branch at left as shown in fig. 1, plate 4), enlarged 44 diameters.

FIG. 2. — Photograph of a part of an obliquely transverse section (Antigua, T. W. Vaughan, Sta-
tion No. 6888), enlarged 72 diameters.

HOWE

PLATE 0

>' >. • -*?'

•' '*'.'•'

Lithoporella melobesioides (Foslie) Foslie.

FIG. 1. — Photograph showing irregularly superposed layers (near middle of field, appearing as
rows of cells in section), Station No. 6923, St. Bartholomew, T. W. Vaughan. The
cells in section are here mostly 1.5 to 3 times as high as wide. Enlarged 72 diameters.

FIG. 2. — Photograph of other specimens in section, likewise intercalated with -various foreign
organisms, fiom Anguilla, T. W. Vaughan, Station No. 6967. The cells in section
here are mostly 1 to 2 times as high as wide. Enlarged 72 diameters.

II.

FOSSIL FOBAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

BY JOSEPH AUGUSTINE CUSHMAN.

With fifteen plates and eight text-figures.

21

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

BY JOSEPH AUGUSTINE CUSHMAN.

INTRODUCTION.

Very little has been known of the fossil Forammifera of the West
Indies, perhaps except Trinidad and Jamaica, and, although the
present paper is based on collections from Cuba, Haiti, and Jamaica
of the Greater Antilles, and from Antigua, St. Bartholomew, Anguilla,
and St. Martins of the Leeward Islands, the area as a whole has still
been scarcely more than touched. As the larger orbitoid genera were
heretofore almost unknown from the Lesser Antilles, it is fortunate
that the present collections are fairly rich in them, both in species and
in individuals, because from a study of these it has been possible to
make some general correlations with both continental America and
with Europe. The smaller Foraminifera are at present less valuable
for correlation purposes on account of the lack of the sharp discrimina-
tion of the species representing them in adjacent regions. Some of the
Miocene species, however, afford a basis for definitely correlating some
West Indian exposures at least with Panama and the Coastal Plain
of the United States, collections from both of which I have described
in reports recently published. The smaller Foraminifera, because
they are very liable to exhibit differences in faunal assemblage, accord-
ing to different depths and different conditions of temperature, are of
value in supplying information on the physical conditions under which
sediments containing them were deposited.

A summary statement regarding the collections and the general
characters of the f oraminiferal faunas from the different islands will be
given at once, so that the data may be available for the later discussion.

LEEWARD ISLANDS.

Collections, all made by T. W. Vaughan, in 1914, from four of the
Leeward Islands, viz, St. Bartholomew, Antigua, Anguilla, and St.
Martin, were submitted to me. Much of the material is more or less
indurated rock, and although it is very rich, especially in specimens of
large forms, the species present are comparatively few. Because of
their being firmly embedded in a matrix, the smaller species may be
discovered only by sections, which are necessarily more or less at ran-
dom. These reveal that smaller Foraminifera are numerous; but as a
rule they are very unsatisfactory as they do not allow surface charac-
ters, on which specific characters so largely depend, to be studied ; and
from them it is usually possible to indicate little more than the genus

23

24

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

to which a specimen belongs. A few of the genera are noted here for
later comparisons.

In general the Foraminifera show the faunal sequence already pub-
lished by Vaughan.1 The presence in St. Bartholomew of two species
of Orthophragmina and associated Nummulites seems undoubtedly to
indicate upper Eocene as the age of the St. Bartholomew limestone.
The presence in Antigua of abundant specimens of large species of
Lepidocyclina, as large as or larger than any species hitherto described,
and the absence of Orthophragmina seem clearly to indicate an Oligo-
cene age; while Orbitolites (Sorites) duplex from Anguilla and St.
Martin seems to indicate a still younger horizon.

One of the species of Orthophragmina from St. Bartholomew appears
to be close to a species already described from Marianna, Florida
(0. mariannensis) , but none similar to the other has yet been found
on the continent. Nearly all the larger species are believed to be
undescribed and should furnish excellent means of correlation with
other West Indian or continental geologic formations.

The following table of species from the four islands contains the
station numbers, the full data for which are given in the distribution of
each species:

List of species of Foraminifera from the Leeward Islands.

Specie3.

Station
No.

Species.

Station
No.

From Saint Bartholomew:
Globigerina

6921

From Antigua — continued
Lepidocyclina undulata n.sp.

6863

Conulites americana, n. sp. .
Carpenteria proteus, n. sp. .

Nummulites antillea, n. sp . .
Nummulites parvula, n. sp . .
Lepidocyclina antillea, n. sp.

6902
6921
6924
6895
6924
6895
6897
6903
6924
6921
6897

Lepidocyclina undosa, n. sp.
Lepidocyclina favosa, n. sp .
Lepidocyclina parvula, n. sp.

From Anguilla:
Textularia

6858
6880?
6881
6942
6869
6881
6862
6854

6894

68976
6902

Gypsina globulus (Reuss) . .
Nonionina

6966
6894

Orthophragmina antillea, n.

6903

Heterosteginoides antillea,
n. sp. .

6894

sp

6895

6965

Orthophragmina marginata,
n. sp. .

6924

Quinqueloculina

6966
6966

From Antigua:

Orbitolites duplex Carp.. . .
Alveolina

6894?
6966

Heterostegina antillea, n. sp.
Lepidocvclina gigaa, n. sp. .

6869
6854
6862

From St. Martin's:
Spiroloculina

6949

6854
6857

Orbitolites duplex Carp. . . .
Alveolina

6949
6949

1 Vaughan, T. W. Study of the stratigraphic geology and of the fossil corals and associated
organisms in several of the smaller West Indian Islands. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Year Book
No. 13, pp. 358-360, 1914.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 25

SANTO DOMINGO.

The collection containing fossil Foraminifera from Santo Domingo
was placed in my hands for study in connection with the work of Dr.
T. W. Vaughan on other groups of the same material. The collection
is that of Dr. Carlotta J. Maury of Cornell University, and represents
several horizons and different localities. Only those localities at which
Foraminifera were found are mentioned here.

Three localities with the following data have furnished the Foramin-
ifera: Zone A, Rio Gurabo; Zone G, Rio Gurabo; Zone H, Rio Cana;
Zone I, Rio Cana; Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao;Bluff3,CercadodeMao.

In all, these localities have yielded 33 species of Foraminifera. As
is usual in such material, a few species dominate while the others are
obtained only after long and diligent search of the finer material and
are too often represented by single specimens. For this reason the
occasional scattered records of one species present in one locality and
not in another when the general assemblage in the two is very much
alike may mean that there are certain uniques which, if the search
could be prolonged indefinitely, would be represented in the similar
lot of material from which it now appears to be absent. Such an
explanation is probably sufficient for most of the records of this sort
in Zones H and I and Bluffs 2 and 3. It explains probably the two
species of Polystomella which are represented at single localities by
single specimens, while the third species is common and represented
at all four of the stations. It does not account for the Orbitolites,
however, which is almost if not quite the most abundant genus in the
Bluff 3 material and is lacking in the others. This again may be
accounted for in the possible slight difference in ecologic conditions.
In the tropics especially, Orbitolites is very apt to occur in great num-
bers under certain conditions. For example, about Montego Bay,
Jamaica, Orbitolites is met with occasionally or even frequently in
dredgings of several fathoms in the sand among the reefs, but about the
Bogue Islands to the west of the bay, in a few inches of water, Orbito-
lites becomes very abundant. The short Posidonia to which the young
of Orbitolites attach themselves is here abundant in the comparatively
quiet waters and the specimens of Orbitolites make up a large part of
the deposit about the roots of Posidonia. Some such conditions prob-
ably explain the very great abundance of Orbitolites and of Asteri-
gerina and Amphistegina in certain of the other localities.

The geological sequence seems to present three phases at least. Zone
A is the youngest and is represented by but 2 species in the rather
limited material at hand. Both of these species occur living at the
present time and the bed containing the fossils can not be of any but
late Tertiary age.

Zone G is represented by a single species in considerable numbers
unlike anything in the other beds, but generically like those of the
lower members. Its age from this seems to be Miocene.

26 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Zones H and I, which may be considered with the material from
Bluffs 2 and 3 as one unit as far as the Foraminifera are concerned,
seem to be in general early Miocene, possibly upper Oligocene. The

Distribution of fossil Foraminifera, Santo Domingo.

List of species.

6

-JO

oj g

4? 3

go

N 0

K

6

.,0

O g

» fl

go

S3 0
«

- e3

w g
go

0 0

NS

. e8

w §

0,^

a O

ss

0)

,*o

S|s

IIs

o

o>

T3

00 o 6
ta-o a

l§2

W QJ

O

Cercado de

Mao.

Textulariidae:

x

Globigerinidae :

x

inflata d'Orb

x

x

x

conglobata H. B. Brady

x

Orbulina univcrsa d'Orb

X

x

Rotaliidae:

x

Tnincatulina lobatula \Valk & Jac

x

haidingerii d'Orb. . . .

x

Gvpsina inhsBrcns Scliultzc

x

x

x

globulus (R6USS )

x

x

x

angulata D sp . . .

x

x

x

x

rotundata n. sp

x

t/ubcrculata D sp.

x

x

Nummulitidse :
AmpHistGEina l6ssonii d'Orb flat var

x

X

evolute var

x

x

x

Nonionina frratcloupi d'Orb

x

x

sloani d'Orb

x

x

Polystoiuella sagra d'Orb

x

lanieri d'Orb. . .

x

x

x

x

striatopunctata F & ^1

x

Miliolidae :
QuiDQiiclocxilina agglutinans d'Orb

x

x

x

cf. Q. kerimbatica
H All & Earl

x

x

cuvieriana d'Orb.

x

x

auberiana d'Orb

x

x

x

pulchclla d'Orb

x

x

x

x

gualtcriana d'Orb

x

x

?

x

Vertcbralina cassis d'Orb

x

x

PcD6roplis pcrtusus var discoidcus Fl

x

x

Orbiculina adunca F. & M.

x

x

x

x

x

evidence would seem to favor Miocene. Here is an assemblage of
31 species, several of which are represented by abundant specimens.
The foraminiferal fauna is typical of shallow-water tropical conditions,
while the few specimens of Orbulina and Globigerina do not occur in
sufficient numbers to indicate any considerable depth. Their presence
in very small numbers is only confirmatory of the shallow-water condi-
tions which the more abundant species clearly indicate.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 27

It is interesting to note that many of the species fit much more
closely the original figures and descriptions given by d'Orbigny in his
Cuba paper (d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
1839, "Foraminiferes") than they do any other later figures and
descriptions, either of these same or other species. In fact, many of the
d'Orbignyan species originally described in the above paper have since
been changed by subsequent authors, so that the later figures assigned
to such species are not at all specifically like the originals. After care-
ful comparison it has seemed best to reestablish several of d'Orbigny's
species, such as Polystomella lanieri and others, as fitting the present
material under consideration much more definitely than do the recent
species under which they have been placed as synonyms.

Similarly, in the matter of the genus Asterigerina d'Orbigny, it has
seemed best to use that name here. While it is true that Discorbis has
species which have "asterigerine" developments on the ventral side,
and while Amphistegina also has similar characters, yet here are several
species certainly not closely related to Discorbis nor yet with the
highly developed characters of Asterigerina. Under such circum-
stances, as they fit d'Orbigny's genus Asterigerina perfectly, that name
is here applied to them.

Only those specimens are figured which are believed to be new. For
the others, a reference to figures, either to d'Orbigny or other authors,
is given. A few species must be left in a questionable condition, either
because they are uniques or are too worn or broken to give full details.

A table is given showing the distribution in the different localities.

JAMAICA.

In his Geology of Jamaica, Hill1 gives records of Foraminifera,
identified by Dr. R. M. Bagg, from a number of localities and horizons.
The collections available for the present work are limited to the Bowden
marl from Bowden, Jamaica. In 1876 Jones and Parker,2 gave a list
of the species they found in the Bowden marl, and Brady, in the same
volume (p. 309), described a new species from the same formation.
The list given by Jones and Parker is as follows :

Nodosaria raphanistrum Linne\ Cristellaria italica Defrance.

Dentalina acicula Lamarck. Tinoporus vesicularis Parker and Jones.

Vaginulina striata d'Orbigny. Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny.

Frondicularia complanata Defrance. Cuneolina pavonia d'Orbigny.

Cristellaria rotulata Lamarck. Vertebralina (Articulina) striata d'Orbigny.

cultrata Montfort. Lituola soldani Parker and Jones.

calcar Linne1.

1 Hill, R. T. The geology and physical geography of Jamaica. Study of a type of Antillean
development. Based upon surveys made for Alexander Agassiz. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 34, pp. 147 et. seq., 1899.

1 Jones, T. R., and W. K. Parker., Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11, Mem. pp. 91-103, 1876.

28 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Tinoporus pilaris was described by Brady.

As has already been noted in discussing the species from Santo
Domingo, .occasional specimens of rare species in fossil deposits are
apt to be found again only after persistent search, as the chance of
finding them in any definite amount of material depends upon their
rarity. Therefore it is not surprising to find certain species, such as
Cristellaria italica, which could hardly be mistaken for anything else,
given in Parker and Jones's list from Bowden, but not seen since. A
single specimen only was found, according to the original list.

In his Geology of Jamaica, Hill gives a list of the Foraminifera
identified by R. M. Bagg from Bowden. Except for changes in
nomenclature, this list is very similar to that given by Parker and
Jones. The list as identified by Bagg follows:

Haplostiche soldanii (Parker and Jones). Gypsina globulus (Reuss).

Textularia barrettii (Jones and Parker). vesicularis (Parker and Jones).

trochus d'Orbigny. Cuneolina sp.
Orbiculina adunca (Fichtel and Moll). pavonia d'Orbigny.

compressa d'Orbigny. Vaginulina legumen (Linn6).

Cristellaria cultrata (Montfort). Nummulites ramondi d'Archiac.

cassis (Fichtel and Moll). Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny.

calcar (Linne).

Each of these lists contains the names of 14 species, with probably
7 species in common, or a possible total of 21 species.

In this work I have had, through the kindness of Professor E. W.
Berry, of Johns Hopkins University, a considerable quantity of marl
from Bowden, and persistent searching has added a number of species
not previously recorded, and yet has not revealed certain species listed
by earlier workers; 17 of these seem to be additions to the previous lists.

Allowing for possible mistakes in identification or duplication of
names, it seems fair to limit the present list to 31 species. A number
of these are also found in the Miocene of Santo Domingo, Cuba,
Panama, and the Coastal Plain of the United States. A few of the
Bowden forms seem on critical examination to be undescribed.

The Bowden marl is characterized by an abundance of large species
of Haplostiche, Cuneolina, Cristellaria, etc., which do not occur in the
collections from the other Miocene formations, already referred to, and
in a way seems to be unique. It is a striking fact that the same species
and varieties of Haplostiche and Cuneolina are found living off the
Barbados in 100 fathoms. They may live at lesser depths in the same
region, but are not present in very shallow water of the tropics, so
far as records are available. Cuneolina is also abundant in similar or
lesser depths in the colder water off the Atlantic Coast of the eastern
United States, although no published records give this. The data
above given, therefore, suggest that, if the depth were slight, the water
conditions were cooler than at present. The presence of Orbiculina
and other Miliolidse in very small quantities and a lack of Polystomella

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

29

also seem to indicate that the Bowden was deposited at a considerable
depth, even if it was less than 100 fathoms.
The revised list of Bowden species follows:

List of species of fossil Foraminif era from Bowden, Jamaica.

Globigerina subcretacea Chapman.
Spseroidina dehiscens var. immatura, n. var.
Discorbis allomorphinoides (Reuss).
Truncatulina praecincta Karrer.
Gypsina vesicularis (Parker & Jones).

globulus var. pilaris (H. B. Brady).
Pulvinulina sagra d'Orb.
Amphistegina lessonii d'Orb.
Quinqueloculina auberiana d'Orb.

parkeri var. bowdenensis,

n. var.
Triloculina brongniartiana d'Orb.

tricarinata d'Orb.
Vertebralina striata d'Orb.
Orbiculina compressa d'Orb.

Psammosphoera fusca Schultze.
Haplostiche dubia var. dubia v. Brk.
Haddonia minor Chapman.
Texularia barrettii Jones & Parker.
Cuneolina pavonia d'Orb.
Cuneolina pavonia var. angusta, n. var.
Bulimina ovata d'Orb.
Nodosaria vertebralis Batsch.
Frondicularia alata d'Orb.
Cristellaria calcar Linn.

bowdenensis, n. sp.

italica (Defr).

gemmata H. B. Brady.
Globigerina bulloides d'Orb.

rubra d'Orb.

sacculifera, H. B. Brady

CUBA.

The Cuban collections are mainly from about Guantdnamo Bay,
Santiago, and Matanzas. Most of the material obtained near Santiago
is from the manganese mines, and contains a great number of individ-
uals and several species of Orthophragmina, which seems clearly to be of
Eocene age. The collections from near Guantanamo are rich in Lepi-
docyclina and evidently represent deposits of Oligocene age. A richly
fossiliferous, foraminiferal marl from near Matanzas, of Miocene age,
yielded 30 species of smaller Foraminif era, a list of which is given. The
table on page 30 shows the distribution at the different stations of the
larger and more important species from the eastern end of the island
about Santiago and Guant&namo.

Some of the Eocene species seem to be related to those of St. Bartho-
lomew and the exposure near David, Panama.

List of species from U. S. G. S. Sta. 3461, marl gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba.

Textularia cf. T. candeiana d'Orb.
Bolivina limbata H. B. Brady.

punctata d'Orb.

lobata var. cubensis, n. var.
Verneuilina spinulosa Reuss.
Virgulina punctata d'Orb.
Gaudryina triangularis Cushman.
Cassidulina subglobosa H. B. Brady.
Uvigerina cf. U. canariensis.
Globigerina bulloides d'Orb.

subcretacea Chapman.
Orbulina universa d'Orb.
Pullenia obliqueloculata Parker & Jones.
Anomalina.
Truncatulina lobatula Walk. & Jac.

Siphonina reticulata (Czjzek).

pulchra, n. sp.
Pulvinulina.

sagra d'Orb.

Planorbulina retinaculata Parker & Jones.
Discorbis saulcii d'Orb.
Polystomella lanieri d'Orb.
sagra d'Orb.
Nonionina cf. N. asterizans F. & M.

grateloupi d'Orb.

sloanii d'Orb.

Amphistegina lessonii d'Orb.
Quinqueloculina sp.
Biloculina cf. B. bulloides d'Orb.

30

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Distribution of other Cuban Foraminifera according to stations at which found.

00
Tt<

co
i^

>o
1^

GO

t^

N.

CO

oo
Tt<

§

(N

co

CO

Sj

O5

T— I

c-j

c-l
?\

CO

Tf

00

Tf

•*
i&

<*

o

CO
CO

t-

rH

00

r-H

03

i-^

O
CM

(N
iM

ro

<N

3

iO
M

•*

CO

Tf

CO

Tfl

CO

•*

CO

iO

CO

CO

t^

"O
t^

>O
l>

10
t>.

iO

o

0

t^

>o
t^

10
i>

10

t>

IO
t^

1C

t^

1C

(^

o
l>

CO

t^

CO

CO

CD

0

CO

CO

0

CO

Orthophragmina cubensis1

V

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

y

subtaramellei1

V

Y?

Y

Y

Y

Y

y

sculpturata1

V

crassa1

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

y

pustulata1. .

V

Y

Lepidocyclina crassata1

Y

Y

Y

Y

perundosa1

V

subraulinii2

V

Y

morgani2

Y

Y

?

?

Y

Y

schlumbergeri3 . .

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

marginata3

Y

?

Y

Y

Y

?

Y

Y

sumatrensis4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

canellei var. yur-
nagunensis1

Y

Linderina? sp.?

Y

Y

Y

Carpentaria proteus1.

Y

americana1

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Conulites americana1

V

Y

Y

y

Textularia cf. T. agglutinata5

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

New species.

2 Lemoine and R. Douville.

3 Michellotti.

4 Brady.

5d'Orbigny.

ASTRORHIZID.S.

Psammosphagra fusca F. E. Schulze.

Psammosphcera fusca F. E. Schulze, II Jahr. Comm. wiss. Unt. deutsch. Meer in Kiel, p. 113,
plate 2, figs. 8 a to /, 1875; H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
p. 249, plate 18, figs. 1, 5 to 8 (not 2 to 4), 1884.

The following is a description of this species:

Test spherical, composed of a single layer of sand grains held together by a
grayish cement, exterior rough, aperture consists only of the interstitial spaces.
Diameter up to 2 mm.

Specimens from Bowden seem referable to this species.

LITUOLIDjE.

Haplostiche dubia (d'Orbigny) var. intermedia (Vanden Broeck).
(Plate 6, Figures 1 to 4.)

Lituola soldanii Jones and Parker var. intermedia Vanden Broeck, Ann. Soc. Belg. Micr.,

vol. 2, p. 74, plate 2, figs. 1, 3, 4, 6, 1876.
Lituola soldanii Jones and Parker, Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11, p. 98, 1876; Hill, Bull.

Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, p. 147, 1899.

The following is a description of this variety:

Test elongate, subcylindrical, tapering gradually from the broad apertural
end to the almost pointed initial end, chambers numerous, 10 to 12, hemi-
spherical, the proximal portion overlapping the preceding chamber, sutures
excavated, chambers in a linear series with a straight axis or often curved or
sharply bent toward the distal end ; wall composed of agglutinated sand grains
with occasional tests of other Foraminifera; aperture terminal, central, usually
somewhat dendritic; interior of chamber labyrinthic, in transverse section
showing the subdivisions arranged in radial manner.

Length up to 6 mm.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 31

This is one of the most conspicuous and commonest of the Foram-
inifera of the Bowden marl. It was recorded by Jones and Parker as
Lituola soldanii Parker and Jones, and it is in Hill's list as Haplostiche
soldanii (Parker and Jones).

The variety differs from the typical form of the species in its much
more distinct chambers, more elongate tapering form, and in the
curious tendency to a bending of the axis toward the apertural end.

Vanden Broeck described this variety from recent material dredged
in 84 fathoms off the Barbados. I have seen some of these specimens
and they are apparently identical with those from Bowden.

Haddonia minor Chapman.
Haddonia minor Chapman, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. 28, p. 384, plate 36, figs. 1, 2, 1902.

The following is a description of this species :

Test attached at least by the earlier chambers, afterward growing erect or
in a vermiform manner; the earlier chambers often triserial, later ones variable;
wall roughened somewhat; aperture horseshoe-shaped.

Length 2 to 4 mm.

Two specimens from the Bowden marl seem very close to this species,
described by Chapman from Funafuti Atoll. This is not a surprising
distribution, as many things found in the Tertiary of the West Indies
are represented by allied forms now living in the Indo-Pacific.

TEXTULARIIDjE.
Textularia barrettii Jones and Parker.

(Plate 6, Figures 5 to 7.)

Textularia barrettii Jones and Parker, Report Brit. Assoc., Newcastle Meeting, p. 80 and p.
105, 1863; Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11, p. 99, woodcut, 1876; Hill, Bull. Mua.
Cornp. Zool., vol. 34, p. 147, 1899.

The following is a description of this species :

Test broadly conical, circular or somewhat compressed in end view, the
compression parallel to the line of union between the series of chambers,
exterior smoothly finished, wall of fine arenaceous material with a grayish
cement, sutures fairly distinct but not depressed, apertural end with the line
between the last-formed chambers depressed, trough-like, nearly straight,
the central third slightly excavated at the aperture, which is long and low;
interior of the aperture often denticulate, showing slightly at the surface;
chambers labyrinthic within, the divisions radially arranged in transverse
section.

Length of fossil specimens up to 3 mm.

This species is recorded from Bowden by Jones and Parker and by
Hill. It is rather a common and conspicuous species, but as far as I
have seen does not reach the dimensions of recent specimens from the
same general region.

In Hill's list of species identified .by Dr. R. M. Bagg is Textularia
trochus d'Orbigny. I have failed to find specimens of this species,

32

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

although the younger specimens of T. barrettii often resemble T.
trochus in contour, but the surface characters of the two are distinctive,
as well as the size, T. trochus not usually exceeding a millimeter in
length. The later chambers of T. barrettii also tend to assume a defi-
nitely cylindrical shape which is also distinctive.

Textularia species cf. T. candeiana d'Orbigny.

Textularia candeiana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba," Foraminiferes,"
p. 143, plate 1, figs. 25 to 27, 1839; Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., part 2,
p. 12, figs. 14 to 17, 1911.

A single specimen from station 3461, marl, gorge of Yumuri River,
Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan, seems to be the young
of this species. The material of the test, however, has little agglu-
tinated particles, consisting largely of clear shell material. The species
was described by d'Orbigny from sands of Cuba, but it is common in
shallow waters in the Indo-Pacific region.

Textularia species.
(Plate 5, Figure 7.)

A single sectioned specimen of Textularia was found in a slide from
U.S.G.S. No. 6894, southwest side of Crocus Bay, Anguilla. It is
elongate, composed of about 25 chambers. It is apparently the
microspheric form, as the early chambers are arranged in an irregularly
spiral manner. In general its shape suggests
T. agglutinata or some related species, but de-
terminations based on the section alone are
practically valueless. The occurrence of the
genus, however, should be noted both for corre-
lation work and in order that the species may
be looked for by others working on the material
from the same locality at a later time.

A somewhat similar form occurs in the Cuban
material from several stations. It is a form which
is here figured.

Textularia species cf. T. agglutinata d'Orbigny.
(Figure 1.)

There is a large species of Textularia that occurs
in the thin sections of material from a number of the
Cuban stations. It is made up evidently of rather
coarse sand grains, elongate, somewhat decreasing
in diameter toward the apertural end. In general
characters it is like T. agglutinata d'Orbigny.

As it is so large and striking a species, it has been used here to check
up certain of the Cuban stations in the table.

Fio. 1.— Textularia ci.agglu-
linata d'Orbigny. Lon-
gitudinal section. X 35.
Specimen from station
7516, west end of Los
M clones Mountain.Cuba.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 33

The species occurs in material from the following stations in Cuba,
collected by O. E. Meinzer: 7512, Ocujal; 7513, orbitoidal limestone,
outcrop where Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail; 7516, west end, Los
Melones Mountain; 7521, limestone, top of Mogote Peak; 7543, lime-
stone outcrop, east side of Yateras; and 7548, flexure, 2 miles south of
Yurnaguna.

This is very similar to the specimen figured, plate 5, figure 7, from
Anguilla.

Bolivina punctata d'Orbigny.

Bolivina punctata d'Orbigny, Voyage Amer. Merid., vol. 5, plate 5, "Foraminiferes," p. 63,
plate 8, figs. 10 to 12, 1839; H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
p. 417, plate 52, figs. 18, 19, 1884.

One specimen was found in marl from station 3461, gorge of Yumuri
River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan. It is referred
to this species, although the name Bolivina punctata has had so many
different forms of smooth Bolivina placed under it that it means little
until a close study can be made of some of the various species now
passing under that name.

This same species was found in the Miocene Gatun formation of the
Panama Canal Zone.

Bolivina lobata H. B. Brady var. cubensis, new variety.
(Plate 14, Figure 1.)

The following is a description of this variety:

Test elongate, biserial, somewhat compressed, chambers of the earlier
portion close, those of the later portions more distinct and somewhat separated,
sutures deep and distinct, somewhat thickened, apertural end obliquely
truncated; chambers with the walls more or less granular, the outer margin
extended into elongate processes in most of the chambers, outline lobate;
aperture elongate, oval, with a broad lip and a sharply denned border.

Length, 0.50 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328176) from station 3461, marl from
gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan.

The type form of the species was described by Brady from off New
Guinea, and I have seen specimens of it obtained between Midway
Island and Guam. The variety above described differs in its much
more spinose appearance and its broader aperture with a flaring collar-
like lip.

Bolivina limbata H. B. Brady.

Bolivina linibata H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 21, p. 57, 1881; Rep. Voy.
Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 419, plate 52, figs. 26-28, 1884.

This species is represented by a single specimen from station 3461,
from marl, gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W.
Vaughan. As a recent species it is most abundant in the Indo-Pacific
region, although widely distributed elsewhere in smaller numbers.

34 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Cuneolina pavonia d'Orbigny.
(Plate 7, Figure 1.)

Cuneolina pavonia d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Vienne, p. 253, plate 21, figs. 50 to 52, 1846;
Cours elem. Paleont., etc., vol. 1, p. 203, fig. 30, 1849; vol. 2, plate 2, p. 648, fig.
526, 1852; Carpenter, Parker, and Jones, Introd. Foram., p. 193, plate 12, fig. 17,
1862; Jones and Parker, Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11, p. 98, 1876; Schwager, Boll.
R. Com. Geol. Ital., vol. 8, p. 26, plate, fig. 61, 1877; Hill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool.,
vol. 34, p. 147, 1899.

The following is a description of this species:

Test strongly compressed in a plane parallel to that of the junction between
the chambers, which are biserially arranged, nearly as wide as long, the
sutures appearing at the narrow sides of the test, outline from the flattened
side triangular, the apertural end broad and slightly convex, initial end
pointed, in side view test narrow with nearly parallel sides, chambers slightly
inflated, sutures slightly depressed, wall arenaceous with an abundance of
cement, smoothly finished exteriorly; aperture extending nearly the entire
width of the test, divided into a series of smaller circular or elliptical openings
by prolongations of the apertural wall.

Length up to 4 mm. or slightly more; breadth equal to the length.

This is one of the commonest and most striking of the Bowden
species. D'Orbigny's figure shows a specimen fully as broad as long
and from its early stages being very broad. In the Bowden material
there are two forms which, although they vary somewhat, seem never-
theless worthy of distinction.

Cuneolina pavonia d'Orbigny var. angusta, new variety.
(Plate 7, Figure 2.)

The following is a description of this variety :

Test differing from the. typical in its much narrower form, the length
usually twice the width, slightly thicker than the typical, the chambers
occasionally showing a tendency toward an angle in the center.

Length up to 5 mm. or more.

This narrower variety is much more common than the broader
typical form. Vanden Broeck did not record it from his material off
Barbados, but it occurs in considerable numbers there in 100 fathoms
with Haplostiche dubia var. intermedia Vanden Broeck and other species.
It is also met with rather frequently off our eastern coast, although it is
practically unrecorded as a recent species.

Verneuilina spinulosa Reuss.

Vcrneuilina spinulosa Rcuss, Denkschr. Akad. Wisa. Wien, vol. 1, p. 374, plate 47, fig. 12,
1850; H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 384, plate 47, figs.
1 to 3, 1884.

The species is represented by a single specimen, very typical in all
its characters, from station 3461, from marl, gorge of Yumuri River,
Matanzas, Cuba, T. W. Vaughan, collector.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 35

Gaudryina triangularis Cushman.
Gaudryina triangularis Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 71, part 2, p. 65, fig. 104, 1911.

A single specimen from station 3461, marl, from gorge of Yumuri
River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan, is very similar
to this species described from the Pacific. It was found as a fossil in
the lower part of the Culebra formation in the Panama Canal Zone.

Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny.
Bulimina ovata d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 185, plate 11, figs. 13, 14, 1846.

A single specimen from Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao, which is rather
too elongate for this species, but in the absence of more material it is
referred here questionably. Under this name Jones and Parker record
a single specimen from the Bowden marl measuring 2 mm. in length.
I have not been able to find it in the Bowden material I have examined.

Virgulina punctata d'Orbigny.

Virgulina punctata d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, " Foraminiferes," p.
139, plate 1, figs. 35, 36, 1839.

This species, described by d'Orbigny in the Cuba monograph, has
been referred to but once since. Specimens in the material from
station 3461, marl from the gorge of the Yumuri River, Matanzas,
Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan, in their outline and form of the
chambers are almost identical with the figure given by d'Orbigny.

Cassidulina subglobosa H. B. Brady.

Cassidulina subglobosa H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., vol. 21, p. 60, 1881; Rep. Voy.
Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 430, plate 54, figs. 17 a to c, 1884; Cushman, U. S.
Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, part 2, p. 98, figs. 152 a to c, 1911.

A specimen that has an aperture like that of this species, but with the
whole test somewhat more compressed, was found in the material
from station 3461, marl from gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba,
collected by T. W. Vaughan. This species is practically unknown in
the fossil state.

LAGENID.E.
Nodosaria vertebralis (Batsch).

(Plate 7, Figures 3 to 5.)

Nautilus (Orthoceras) vertebralis Batsch, Conch. Seesandes, p. 3, No. 6, plate 2, figs. 6 a, b,

1791.
Nodosaria vertebralis H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 514, plate 63,

fig. 35; plate 64, figs. 11 to 14, 1884; Flint, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 312, plate 57,

fig. 5, 1897 (1899) ; Cushman, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 71, part 3, p. 60, plate 32,

fig. 1, 1913.

The following is a description of this species:

Test elongate, slender, somewhat tapering to the almost pointed initial end,
straight or more often somewhat arcuate, chambers numerous, little inflated,
sutures between the chambers of clear shell material appearing darker than
the main, more opaque chamber walls; surface with a few longitudinal costse,

36 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

prominent, and little affected by the individual chambers, running uninter-
ruptedly from one end of the test to the other; specimens, when complete,
with a short spine at the initial end; aperture radiate, slightly produced.
Length up to 7.5 mm.

This species is a common one in the Carribbean and Gulf of Mexico
at the present time and in the Pacific tropical regions as well. Its main
characteristics are the clear sutural areas between the chambers and
the slightly curved elongate test. Although by no means common,
well-developed specimens are found occasionally in the material from
Bowden. Jones and Parker record Nodosaria raphanistrum Linne
from the Bowden marl, and probably this is the same as recorded here
as N. vertebralis. In Hill's list of species identified by Bagg no Nodo-
saria appears, but Vaginulina legumen (Linne). Possibly this may
have been a specimen of N. vertebralis. Jones and Parker also record
single specimens referred to Dentalina acicula Lamarck and Vaginulina
striata d'Orbigny. Both of these and their N. raphanistrum are given
as 5.25 mm. in length, and it is a question if they are not perhaps all
N. vertebralis. In all the material I have examined the only Nodo-
sarian specimens I have seen may all be referred to N. vertebralis.

Nodosaria species.
(Figure 2, a and b.)

In the sections 2 specimens of Nodosaria occur, one showing 3, the
other 4 chambers. They are small, of fairly uniform diameter, and
may represent a small, few-chambered species or may be the young of.
some larger species, although if the latter the adults were not observed.

FIG. 2. — Longitudinal sections of either young or few-chambered speci-
mens of Nodosaria. Figure a, four-chambered specimen from station
7519, drift near top of landslide next north of Los Melones Mountain,
Cuba. Fig. b, three-chambered specimen from station 7513, lime-
stone outcrop where Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail, Cuba.

The stations are 7513, orbitoidal limestone, outcrop where Palmer
Trail joins Ocujal Trail and 7519, from drift near top of landslide next
north of Los Melones; both collected by O. E. Meinzer.

Frondicularia alata d'Orbigny.
(Plate 8, Figure 1.)

"Nautili candiformes" Soldani, Testaceographia, vol. 2, p. 13, plate 1, fig. c, 1798.
Frondicularia alata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 256, No. 2, 1826. Parker, Jones, and

H. B. Brady, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 8, p. 161; plate 10, fig, 66, 1871;

H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 522, plate 65, figs. 20 to 23;

plate 66, figs. 3 to 5, 1884.
Frondicularia alata d'Orbigny var. lanceolata Vanden Broeck, Ann. Soc. Belg. Micr., vol. 2,

p. 117, plate 2, fig. 13, 1876.
Frondicularia complanata Jones and Parker (not Defrance), Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11,

p. 98, 1876.

The following is a description of this species :

Test flattened, in outline triangular, the chambers at the initial end form-
ing nearly a straight base, apertural end bluntly pointed, chambers of nearly

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 37

uniform width throughout, initial end usually with several short, blunt,
conical spines extending backward, usually best developed at the angles and
near the proloculum.
Length up to 7 mm.

Jones and Parker recorded 2 specimens in their early list, "one
elliptical, and another oval." In the material I have seen there are
several specimens showing considerable variation. The most common
form is that figured by Vanden Broeck as var. lanceolata and referred
to above. In the fossil specimens spinosity of the basal margin is
even more marked, in some cases as many as 3 short spines appearing
from the proloculum alone and occasionally in pairs one behind the
other in front view. These may appear at various parts of the basal
margin. Besides this common form there are a few specimens more
like Vanden Broeck's var. sagittula (e. c., plate 2, figs. 12, 14), and one
at least which closely resembles the form described by him as F.
complanata var. concinna (op. cit., plate 3, fig. 2). In general the series
is not unlike that of recent material from the Carribbean and Gulf of
Mexico.

Cristellaria calcar (Linne) var. aspinosa, new variety.
(Plate 6, Figure 8.)

The following is a description of this variety:

Test small, close-coiled, biconvex, umbonate, smooth, sutures not depressed,
peripheral margin acute, with a distinct but very narrow carina with a very
slight knob-like spine opposite each chamber.

Diameter about 0.75 mm.

Type specimen from the Miocene Bowden marl, Jamaica (U. S. N. M.
No. 328177).

This is very close to the typical form of C. calcar as figured (Cushman,
Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., part 3, plate 32, figure 4), but the spines in
the Bowden specimens are nearly obsolete. These are not broken
spines, but are really shortened and knob-like or almost wanting. It
is rare in the Bowden material.

Cristellaria bowdenensis, new species.

(Plate 8, Figure 2.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test comparatively large, much compressed, chambers long and narrow,
broadening somewhat toward the periphery, sutures gently curved; peri-
pheral margin with a thin keel of medium width prolonged at irregular inter-
vals into a series of rowel-like spines, short, rounded near the base, and
apparently having little relation to the chambers; surface of the chambers
smooth, the sutures typically raised, limbate, with a series of tubercles run-
ning from the umbilical area to the periphery; aperture somewhat back from
the periphery in the last-formed chambers, really terminal in the young, and
early chambers peripheral, stellate.

Diameter up to 4 mm.

38 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Type specimen from the Miocene Bowden marl, Jamaica (U.S.N.M.
No. 328178).

This is a fairly common species at this locality and is the one from
Bowden referred to by various authors as Cristellaria calcar. It is not
typical C. calcar and seems to be distinctive in its size, form, and
ornamentation. The nearest approach to it is perhaps the form
described from the Carribbean by Goes (Kongl. Svensk. Vet. Akad.
Handl., vol. 19, No. 4, p. 49, plate 3, figs. 3, 50, 51, 1888) under the
name Nodosarina crepidula var. cassis (Fichtel and Moll).

Cristellaria gemmata H. B. Brady.

Cristellaria gemmata H. B. Brady, Quart. Journ. Micr. Soc., vol. 21, p. 64, 1881; Rep. Voy.
Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 554, plate 71, figs. 6, 7, 1884.

A single very typical specimen of this species was obtained from the
Bowden marl, Bowden, Jamaica. Brady's records of its occurrence as
a recent species include the Fiji Islands, Torres Strait, and the Philip-
pines.

Cristellaria italica (Defrance).

Saracenaria italica Defrance, Diet. Sci. Nat., vol. 32, p. 177, 1824; vol. 47, p. 344; Atlas

Conch., plate 13, fig. 6.

Cristellaria (Saracenaria) italica d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 293, 1826.
Cristellaria italica Parker, Jones, and H. B. Brady, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 16, pp.

21, 31, plate 1, figs. 41, 42, 1865; Jones and Parker, Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11,

p. 98, 1876; H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 544, plate 68,

figs. 17, 18, 20, 23, 1884.

Jones and Parker, in their list of species from the Bowden marl,
record a single specimen of this species, measuring about 6 mm. in
length. That is about the size of large recent specimens from this
same general region. I have not found the species in the material I
have examined from the Bowden, but it occurs in material from the
Panama Canal Zone.

Polymorphina species.
(Plate 8, Figure 4.)

In the sections from station 7664, north slope La Piedra, northeast of
Jamaica, northeast of Guantanamo, collected by N. H. Darton, there
are specimens of a large species of Polymorphina, with fairly thick
walls. One of these is figured in the reference given above.

GLOBIGERINIDJE.
Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny.

Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 277, No. 1, 1826; in Barker, Webb,
and Berthelot, Hi&t. Nat. Isles Canaries, "Foraminiferes," p. 132, plate 2, figs. 1,
3, 28, 1839; Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 163, plate 9, figs. 4, 6, 1846; H. B.
Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 593, plate 77, plate 79, figs. 3 to
7, 1884.

A few specimens of this common species occur in the Bowden,
Jamaica, material, accompanied as usual by some specimens which

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 39

may be referred to variety triloba Reuss. A few specimens were also
obtained in material from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
This species occurs in the Miocene both of Panama and the Coastal
Plain of Florida and Virginia.

Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny.

Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, Foraminiferes,
p. 94, plate 4, figs. 12 to 14; H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9,
p. 602, plate 79, figs. 11 to 16, 1884.

A single specimen was found which seems referable to this common
species so characteristic of the Caribbean region. It is from Jamaica,
from the Bowden marl.

Globigerina sacculifera H. B. Brady.

Globigerina helicina Carpenter (not G. helicina d'Orbigny), Intr. Foram., plate 12, fig. 11, 1862.
Globigerina sacculifera H. B. Brady, Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, vol. 4, p. 535, 1877; Rep. Voy. Chal-
lenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 604, plate 80, figs. 11 to 17, plate 82, fig. 4, 1884.

One or two specimens are very evidently this common species, so
common in Globigerina ooze of recent ocean bottoms, but almost
unknown as a fossil species. They occurred in the Bowden marl from
Jamaica.

Globigerina subcretacea Chapman.

Globigerina crelacea H. B. Brady (not G. cretacea d'Orbigny), Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology,

vol. 9, p. 596, plate 82, fig. 10, 1884.
Globigerina subcretacea Chapman, Journ. Linn. Soc., Zoology, vol. 28, p. 410, plate 36, figs.

16 a, b, 1902.

A single specimen of this species was obtained in the material from
Bowden, Jamaica.

Globigerina inflata d'Orbigny.

Globigerina inflata d'Orbigny, in Barker, Webb, and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. lies Canaries,
"Foraminiferes," p. 134, plate 2, figs. 7 to 9, 1839.

A few specimens from Zone I, Rio Cana, and also from both Bluffs
2 and 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. It is also known from the
Miocene of the Panama Canal Zone.

Globigerina conglobata H. B. Brady.

Globigerina conglobata H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 603, plate SO,
figs. 1 to 5, 1884.

A single typical specimen from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo
Domingo. The species also occurs in the Miocene of the Panama Canal
Zone.

Globigerina species.
(Plate 5, Figure 13.)

A small species of Globigerina in the section illustrated, reminding
one of G. cequilateralis, occurs at U. S. G. S. No. 6924 from limestone
point on northwest side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew. As the
sections do not give the entire form it is impossible to identify it
specifically with any certainty.

40 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Globigerina species.

(Plate 8, Figure 3.)

A small species of Globigerina is very common in the sections of
rock specimens from Cuba. It occurred at station 7513, orbitoidal
limestone, outcrop where Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail; station 7516,
west end, Los Melones; and station 7521, limestone, top of Mogote
Peak; all collected by O. E. Meinzer. The figured specimen which
seems to be the same is from station 7664, north slope La Piedra,
northeast of Jamaica, northeast of Guantanamo, collected by N. H.
Darton.

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny.

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, in Barker, Webb, and Berthelot, Hist. Nat. lies Canaries
"Foraminiferes," p. 123, plate 1, fig. 1, 1839.

Single specimens occurred in material from Zone A, Rio Gumbo,
and Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. It is known also from
the Miocene of the Panama Canal Zone.

Sphaeroidina dehiscens Parker and Jones var. immatura, new variety.
(Plate 14, Figure 2.)

The following is a description of this variety:

Test exteriorly composed almost entirely of two visible chambers, with a
small portion of a third sometimes slightly showing; chambers spherical, walls
coarsely perforate, suture between the chambers very slightly fissure-like on
opposite sides, otherwise closed and simply depressed.

Diameter 0.4 to 0.5 mm.

All of the specimens from the Bowden marl seem to belong to this
species, but they are very constant in having the characters only
slightly developed, the usual separation of the chambers being barely
indicated and the division, instead of being a deep-cut fissure, is merely
a simple cut in the central part of the sutural region at either side. The
specimens also are very small, but are uniform in size and in general
characters. A number of specimens were obtained.

Pullenia obliqueloculata Parker and Jones.

Pullcnia obliqueloculata Parker and Jones, Philos. Trans., vol. 155, p. 368, plate 19, figs. 4 a,
b, 1865; H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 618, plate 84, figs.
16 to 20, 1884; Flint, Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, p. 324, plate 70, fig. 6 (1899);
Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., part 4, p. 22, plate 10, fig. 3; plate 12, figs.
2, 3, 1914.

This species is very rare in the marl from station 3461, gorge of
Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan. It is a
very rare species in the fossil state.

ROTALIIDjE.
Discorbis orbicularis (Terquem).

Discorbina orbicularis (Terquem), H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 647,
plate 98, figs. 4 to 8, 1884.

A single specimen was found in the material from Bluff 3, Cercado
de Mao, Santo Domingo.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 41

Discorbis saulcii (d'Orbigny).

Rosalind saulcii d'Orbigny, Foram. Amer. M6rid., p. 42, plate 2, figs. 9 to 11, 1839.
Discorbina saulcii Parker and Jones, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. 28, p. 156, 1872; H. B.
Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 653, plate 91, figs. 6 a to c, 1884.

Most of the records for this species are from the Pacific. The
specimens from station 3461, marl, gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas,
Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan, are very similar to the published
figures.

Discorbis allomorphinoides (Reuss).

Valvulina allomorphinoides Reuss, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. 40, p. 223, plate 11, fig. 6, 1860.
Discorbina allomorphinoides H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 654, plate
91, figs. 5 and 8, 1884.

Several specimens from the Bowden marl, Bowden, Jamaica, are
very close to Brady's figures, especially plate 91, figure 5 in the Chal-
lenger report, referred to above. Reuss's material was from the Creta-
ceous of Westphalia, and I am not at all satisfied that Brady was
justified in referring the recent specimens from Torres Strait and the
Philippines to Reuss's species. It seems more than likely that the Indo-
Pacific recent specimens and those from the Miocene of the West Indies
may be identical, as there are numerous other instances of West Indian
Miocene species persisting in the living fauna of the Indo-Pacific.

Planorbulina retinaculata Parker and Jones.
Planorbulina retinaculata Parker and Jones, Phil. Trans., vol. 155, p. 380, plate 19, fig. 2, 1865.

A single specimen with irregularly placed chambers, very coarsely
perforate, and with the peripheral spinose character of the type figure,
was found at station 3461, marl from gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas,
Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan. The type specimens were from the
tropics.

Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob).

Truncatulina lobatula (Walker and Jacob), H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol.
9, p. 660, plate 92, fig. 10; plate 93, figs. 1, 4, 5, 1884.

A single specimen was found in material from Bluff 3, Cercado de
Mao, Santo Domingo. The later chambers are somewhat irregular,
as is often the case in attached recent specimens. The species also
occurs in the Miocene of South Carolina and Virginia.

Truncatulina haidingerii (d'Orbigny).
Rotalina haidingerii d'Orbigny, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 154, plate 8, figs. 7 to 9, 1846.

A single specimen from Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

Truncatulina praecincta (Karrer).

Rotalia prcecincta Karrer, Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien., vol. 58, p. 189, plate 5, fig. 7, 1868;

Seguenza, Atti. Accad. Lincei, ser. 3, vol. 6, pp. 56, 64, 1897.
Truncatulina prcecincta H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 667, plate 95,

figs. 1 to 3, 1884.

The following is a description of this species :

Test free, biconvex, dorsal side slightly, ventral side strongly, peripheral
margin bluntly rounded, chambers numerous, sutures on dorsal side oblique,

42 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

ventrally slightly curved, line between the whorls clearly marked by a raised
rounded ridge of clear shell material, sutures ventrally marked in a similar
manner, strongest toward umbilicus, where they often unite in a raised ring;
aperture elongate, in the middle of the ventral side next to the previous whorl.
Diameter about 1 mm.

Several specimens of this species were found in the Bowden material
from Jamaica. It is a species which as a recent one is practically con-
fined to tropical and subtropical regions. It was described by Karrer
from the Miocene of the Banat region of Hungary and has been
recorded from the Miocene and Pliocene of Italy by several authors.

Siphonina reticulata (Czjzek).

Rotalina reticulata Czjzek, Haidinger's Nat. Abh., vol. 2, p. 145, plate 13, figs. 7-9, 1848.
Siphonina reticulata Bronn, Lethsea Geognostica, ed. 3, vol. 3, p. 227, plate 35, figs. 23 a to

c, 1853-1856; Cushman, Bull. 71, U. S. Nat. Mus., part 5, p. 43, fig. 48 (in text),

plate 16, fig. 4, plate 28, fig. 3, 1915.
Truncatulina reticulata H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 669, plate 96,

figs. 5 to 8, 1884.

There are a few specimens referable to this species in the marl from
station 3461, gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by
T. W. Vaughan. It was recorded from the Miocene, Gatun formation,
at Monkey Hill, in the Panama Canal Zone.

Various forms or species are present in the Tertiary of America and
need careful study and separation rather than the general lumping
of all these under the one name of S. reticulata, as has been the usual
procedure. The following species is very different and distinct.

Siphonina pulchra, new species.
(Plate 14, Figures 7 a to c.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test in front view nearly circular, rotaliform, composed of numerous cham-
bers in several whorls, in end view much compressed, widest in the central
region. Thence gradually tapering to the subacute periphery; chambers
usually about 5 to each whorl, indistinct, except the last-formed chamber,
which is somewhat more clearly defined by the slightly depressed suture,
those of the other chambers being even with the surface and very indistinct;
aperture exsert, with a short neck extending out from the periphery, passing
into a broadly flaring lip with a distinct, extended border, aperture itself
narrowly elliptical, several times as long as wide; wall of test of a darker gray
with markings of a lighter color, those of the center rounded, those toward the
periphery more linear; diameter about 1 mm.

Type specimen from Cuba, station 3461, in marl from gorge of
Yumuri River, near Matanzas.

This is a much larger species than the other of the same genus that
occurs with it and here referred to S. reticulata. S. pulchra has no
fimbriated periphery and practically no keel, which with its larger size
and peculiar ornamentation will serve to distinguish it.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

43

Conulites americana, new species.

The following is a description of this species :

Test conical, height about two-thirds the width at the base, apex broadly
rounded, base slightly convex, peripheral angle subacute, the peripheral
region standing out somewhat from the general conical mass of the rest of the
test; early chambers spirally arranged, later ones annular, exterior of test in
section tubular, central portion made up of irregularly curved chambers, more
or less irregularly divided into labyrinthic subdivisions; surface fairly smooth.

Diameter at base slightly less than 2 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328179), section from station 6902,
southeast section of southwest side of island near Negre Point, ele-
vation 360 feet, St. Bartho-
lomew, Leeward Islands.
Sectioned specimens were also
observed in material from the
following stations in Cuba:
3448, limestone
from hillside south
of Panupo man-
ganese mine, La
Maya, near Santi-

ago, collected by T.
W.Vaughan;3478,
Nuevitas, collected
by A. C. Spencer;
7666, from Sierra
Guaso, northeast
of Guantanamo, collected by N. H. Darton.

This is similar to the C. cegyptiensis Chapman from the Eocene of
Egypt and Italy, but differs in its general proportions and in the
flange-like extension of the peripheral border at the base.

Gypsina vesicularis (Parker and Jones).

Orbitolina vesicularis Parker and Jones, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, vol. 6, p. 31, No. 5, 1860.
Tinoporus vesicularis Carpenter, Introd. Foram., p. 224, plate 15, figs. 1 to 4, 1862; Parker

and Jones, Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol., 11, p. 98, 1876.
Gypsina vesicularis Carter, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 20, p. 173, 1877; H.B.Brady,

Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 718, plate 101, figs. 9 to 12, 1884; Hill,

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, p. 147, 1899.

Parker and Jones and also Hill record this species from the Bowden
marl of Jamaica, but I have failed to find it in that I have examined.
Parker and Jones mention a single specimen, 4.75 mm. in size.

Gypsina inhaerens (Schultze).

Gypsina inhcerens (Schultze) H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 718, plate
102, figs. 1 to 6, 1884.

Specimens which are evidently of this species were collected at three
stations: several specimens at Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao; rare at Bluff
2, Cercado de Mao; and Zone H, Rio Cana, Santo Domingo.

FIG. 3. — Conulites americana, new species. Vertical section show-
ing coarser structure and outer layer with fine tubules. X 35.
Specimen from station 6902, St. Bartholomew, Leeward Islands.

44 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Gypsina globulus (Reuss).
(Plate 4, Figure 7.)

Ceriopora globulus Reuss, Haidinger's Nat. Abh., vol. 2, 1847, p. 33, plate 5, fig. 7.
Gypsina globulus H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 717, plate 101, fig. 8,
1884.

In the material from U. S. G. S. No. 6966, southwest shore of Cro-
cus Bay, Anguilla, occasional specimens occur which seem to belong
to this species. A median section of a small specimen is shown here.
There does not seem to be the definite radial arrangement of chambers
that is usually the case in the fossil specimens of this species. I have
the species in fossil condition from Santo Domingo. Two specimens
were found at Bluff 2 and a single one at Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao.

Gypsina globulus (Reuss) var. pilaris (H. B. Brady).
(Plate 9, Figures 1, 2.)

Tinoporus pilaris H. B. Brady, Ann. Soc. Mai. Belg., vol. 11, p. 103, 1876.
Gypsina globulus Hill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, p. 147, 1899.

The following is a description of this variety:

Test spherical, comparatively large, exterior appearing smooth, but when
magnified showing an areolate surface due to the walls of the chambers; wall
calcareous, perforate ; chambers in radial columns increasing in diameter from
the center to the periphery.

Diameter up to 4 mm. or more.

Brady described this variety as a species of Tinoporus from the
Miocene of Jamaica. It is probably the most conspicuous species and
is very abundant in the Bowden material. The variety differs from
typical G. globulus mainly in size, the typical having a much smaller
test. Plate 9, figure 2, gives a general idea of the internal structure of
the test.

There are specimens from station 3446, first deep cutting on railroad
east of La Cruz, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan,
which in size, shape, and general characters seem very close to this
variety. The internal structure, as far as it is preserved, seems also
to be identical with the Bowden material. The geologic occurrence of
these specimens is in the Miocene La Cruz marl.

Gypsina species.

Sectioned specimens from 3 stations in Cuba showed what seem to be
sections of Gypsina. They are associated in each case with Lepidocy-
clina and Carpenteria. The stations are 7513, outcrops where Palmer
Trail joins Ocujal Trail; 7521, limestone in place, top of Mogote Peak;
and 7522, also Mogote Peak; collected by 0. E. Meinzer.

Pulvinulina sagra (d'Orbigny).

Rotalina sagra d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, " Foraminiferes," p. 77,
plate 5, figs. 13 to 15, 1839.

Specimens from the Bowden marl, Bowden, Jamaica, and from
station 3461, marl from the gorge of Yumurf River, Matanzas, Cuba,
collected by T. W. Vaughan, seem to be identical with the species

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 45

described by d'Orbigny from Cuba in 1839. The exact proportions
and relations of the chambers that are shown in d'Orbigny's figures are
found in the fossil specimens. The species is known from the Miocene
of Florida and Virginia, and probably occurs in Panama as well. It is
a common species in the Indo-Pacific.

Rotalia species.
(Plate 8, Figure 6.)

A small, close-coiled, rotaliform species with numerous chambers in
each volution occurs at a number of the Cuban stations, as follows:
7512, Ocujal; 7513, orbitoidal limestone, outcrop where Palmer Trail
joins Ocujal Trail; 7516, west end, Los Melones Mountain; 7519, from
drift near top of landslide next north of Los Melones; and 7543, lime-
stone outcrop, east side of Yateras; all collected by O. E. Meinzer.

Asterigerina carinata d'Orbigny.

Asterigerina carinata d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist, Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, "Foramin-
iferes," p. 118, plate 5, fig. 25, plate 6, figs. 1, 2.

A very typical specimen came from Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao, Santo
Domingo.

Asterigerina angulata, new species.
(Plate 13, Figure 1.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test free, rotaliform, dorsal side very slightly convex, ventral side high,
acutely angled at the peripheral edge but not carinate; last-formed whorl with
typically about 15 chambers; sutures on the dorsal side obliquely recurved,
of clearer material than the chamber walls, occasionally with a slight bead-
like enlargement on the inner border, earlier whorls slightly exposed and the
umbonate region with a transparent clear area; ventral side with the sutures
ending in an angle about midway between the center and the periphery, from
which a secondary chamber is developed to the umbilical region, alternating
with the main chambers; umbilical region solid, of clearer shell material;
aperture rather long and narrow at the inner margin of the ventral face;
surface granular or slightly papillate, especially about the aperture.

Average diameter 1.5 to 2 mm.

Specimens of Asterigerina angulata are frequent or abundant at the
four stations — Zones H and I, Rio Cana, and Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado
de Mao, Santo Domingo.

It is thicker species than A. carinata d'Orbigny; and it has an acute
but not carinate angle and nearly double the number of chambers.

Asterigerina rotundata, new species.
(Plate 13, Figure 2.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test free, rotaliform, biconvex, dorsal side less convex than the ventral,
peripheral angle broadly rounded; last-formed coil with 15 to 18 chambers;
sutures on the dorsal side gently recurved, slightly limbate, earlier whorls
exposed and forming nearly half the width of the dorsal side of the test

46 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

ventral side with the sutures very similar to those otA.angulata-, the umbilicate
region solid, with clearer shell material; surface of test granular throughout,
opaque, causing the sutures on both sides to be indistinct; aperture ventral,
elongate.
Diameter, 1 to 1.25 mm.

This species was found in considerable numbers at Zone G, Rio
Gurabo, Santo Domingo. It differs from A. angulata in its rounded
periphery, granular, opaque surface, broadly rounded ventral side,
and inconspicuous sutures.

Asterigerina tuberculata, new species.

(Plate 13, Figures 3, 4.)

The following is a description cf this species :

Test free, rotaliform, biconvex, becoming truncate and short cylindical,
peripheral angle in young subangular, becoming rounded in the adult, outline
regular in the early stages, in the adult becoming lobed, especially in the last
few chambers; dorsal surface rather flat, slightly convex, conspicuously pitted
or scrobiculate, last-formed coil narrow, making only the extreme peripheral
portion in the adult on the dorsal side; ventral side with large tubercles or
knobs developed near the peripheral border, remainder of surface with coarse
granulations; in some specimens the height of the test equals its diameter and
the ventral and dorsal sides are nearly parallel; the periphery high and
flattened to make a short cylindical test; sutures as typical in the genus;
aperture ventral, narrow.

Diameter up to 2 mm.

Specimens were obtained from Zone I, Rio Cana, and a single one
from Zone 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

This is a peculiarly ornamented and shaped species, the change in
outline during development being very marked, as is the very strongly
tuber culate ornamentation.

Carpenteria americana, new species.

FIG. 4. — Carpenteria americana new species. Transverse section of a specimen showing deeply-
pitted surface of shell tissue surrounding chambers. X 35. From station 7518,
south side, near west end, Los Melones Mountain, Cuba.

The following is a description of this species :

Test attached, composed of several subglobular chambers forming an
rregular Globigerina-like mass, the base conforming to the object to which

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

47

it is attached, the rest of the test in an irregular rounded mass; chambers
rounded, thick-walled, with numerous coarse, tubular perforations.
Diameter 2 to 3 mm.

Distribution. — Specimens referable to this species occurred in the
sectioned material from the following stations in Cuba: 7513, outcrops
where Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail; 7518, south side near west end,
Los Melones Mountain; 7521, limestone in place, Mogote Peak; 7522,
also Mogote Peak, collected by O. E.
Meinzer; and at 7664, north slope La
Piedra, northeast of Jamaica, north-
east of Guantanamo, collected by
N. H. Darton.

Carpenteria proteus, new species.
(Plate 5, Figure 3.)

The following is a description of
this species:

Test composed of a few subglobular
chambers, the smaller end attached, the
later chambers larger and extending
upward, forming a roughly club-shaped
column, walls thick but rather finely
perforate, the exterior comparatively
smooth.

Length 2 to 3 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No.
328180), section from station 6921,
Governor's Bay, point between the
bay and Grand or Negre Point,
St. Bartholomew, collected by T.
W. Vaughan. It was also collected
at 6924, from bed of limestone on
point on northwest side of St. Jean
Bay, St. Bartholomew, and 6895, spur
on southeast side of cay northwest of St. Jean Bay, 170 feet above sea-
level, both collected by T. W. Vaughan. In the last two stations it occurs
in association with Orthophragmina. A similar form occurs in Cuba, sta-
tion 7666, from Sierra Guaso, northeast of Guantanamo, collected by N.
H. Darton, again in association with Orthophragmina. It is also very
similar to a specimen obtained at station 6512, Panama, limestone in
river-bed at David, which specimen is also associated with Ortho-
phragmina.

Linderina species.
(Plate 8, Figures 7 and 8.)

A few sectioned specimens which seem to represent Foraminifera
belonging to this genus occur in association with Conulites americana

FIG. 5. — Carpenteria americana, new sp.
A longitudinal section through a well-
developed specimen, longest part of
figure representing basal portion of
specimen. X 50. From station 7513,
limestone outcrop where Palmer Trail
joins Ocujal Trail. Cuba.

48 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

at the three stations in Cuba, as follows : Station 3448, limestone from
hillside south of Panupo manganese mine, La Maya, near Santiago, col-
lected by T. W. Vaughan; 3478, Nuevitas, collected by A. C. Spencer;
and 7666, Sierra Guaso, northeast of Guantanamo, collected by N. H.
Barton. It was also obtained at station 6125, railroad cut near San
Nicolas manganese mine, west of San Luis, by C. W. Hayes. The two
figured specimens give only a somewhat general idea of the sections.

At each of the three stations there is an association of Linderinaf,
Conulites, and Orthophragmina, three genera usually associated with
the Eocene. Linderina is, so far as known, an Eocene genus, recorded
from England and Belgium, from Celebes, Borneo, and the Loo Choo
Islands.

A somewhat similar form occurs at station 6512, Panama, river-bed
at David.

NUMMULITID^E.
Nonionina grateloupi d'Orbigny.

Nonionina grateloupi d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 294, 1826; in De la Sagra, Hist.
Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes," p. 46, plate 6, figs. 6, 7, 1839.

Specimens identical with d'Orbigny's figures were found in the Cuban
material, station 3461, marl, gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, col-
lected by T. W. Vaughan, and a single specimen in Doctor Maury's
material from Santo Domingo, Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao.

Nonionina sloani d'Orbigny.

Nonionina sloani d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes,"
p. 46, plate 6, fig. 18, 1839.

This species was found in the Cuban material, station 3461, marl,
gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, collected by T. W. Vaughan, and
a single specimen in Doctor Maury's material from Bluff 2, Cercado
de Mao, Santo Domingo.

Nonionina species cf. N. asterizans (Fichtel and Moll).

Nautilus asterizans Fichtel and Moll, Test. Micr., p. 37, plate 3, figs, e to h, 1803.
Pulvinulus asterizans Lamarck, Tab. Encycl. et Method., plate 23, plate 466, figs. 10 a to d,

1816.
Nonionina asterizans Parker and Jones, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 19, p. 287, plate 11,

figs. 20, 21, 1857.

A specimen from station 3461, marl from gorge of Yumuri River,
Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan, has many of the charac-
ters of this species, but differs in the smaller amount of the umbilical
projections and rounder outline from the published figures. It is
referred here provisionally.

Nonionina species.
(Plate 5, Figure 11; Plate 8, Figure 5.)

Occasional specimens occur in the sections as shown in the figure,
apparently sections of a small species of Nonionina. The specimen
illustrated by plate 5, fig. 11, is from Anguilla, U.S.G.S. No. 6894,

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 49

southwest side of Crocus Bay. Sections, plate 8, fig. 5, which also
seem to be Nonionina occur in the material from station 6117 from
the band of limestone, hill east of railroad and south of Cristo, near
Santiago, C. W. Hayes, collector.

Polystomella sagra (d'Orbigny).

Rotalina sagra d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes," p. 77,
plate 5, figs. 13 to 15, 1839.

A single specimen very exactly fitting the figure given by d'Orbigny
was obtained in material from Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
It was also found in the marl from station 3461, gorge of Yumuri
River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan. It was also found
in the Miocene material from Panama Canal Zone.

Polystomella lanieri d'Orbigny.

Polystomella lanieri d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes,"
p. 54, plate 7, figs. 12, 13, 1839.

Specimens showing very little variation and almost precisely like
the figure given by d'Orbigny occur in both Zones H and I, Rio Cana,
and Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. Brady, in the
Challenger Report, places this species as a synonym of Polystomella
crispa Linne, but these fossil specimens are very different from the
typical P. crispa and are exactly like the figure of P. lanieri given by
d'Orbigny. In fact, most of our specimens might have been taken for
the illustration, so close are the essential details. It certainly seems
that this is a valid species and one common in the Tertiary and perhaps
the recent seas of the West Indies.

Very typical material was also obtained at station 3461, marl from
gorge of Yumuri River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan.

Polystomella striatopunctata (Fichtel and Moll).

Polystomella striatopunctata (Fichtel and Moll), H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology,
vol. 9, p. 733, plate 109, figs. 22, 23, 1884.

Two specimens, rather more compressed and rounded in side view
than usual, are here assigned to this rather overworked species. It has
become the habit to place under this species almost any Polystomella
which has short and simple depressions close to the suture. The
specimens are from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

Heterostegina antillea, new species.
(Plate 2, Figure 1, 6; Plate 5, Figures 1,2.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test compressed, unequally lenticular, umbo excentric, somewhat thicker
than the remainder of the test, surface over the septal lines slightly raised in
a series of somewhat papillate ribs, area between granular; chambers regularly
curved, divided into numerous chamberlets.

Diameter up to 6 mm. or more.

Type specimens from U. S. G. S. No. 6869, Long Island, Antigua.
The vertical sections, plate 5, figure 1, which are probably the same

50 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

species are from U. S. G. S. No. 6854, Rifle Butts, Antigua, and the
horizontal section, plate 5, figure 2, from the same station. At this
latter station the specimens are very numerous, making up a large
proportion of the rock.

It may be noted here that the material under No. 6854 is of
two kinds, as some of the hand specimens are made up almost entirely
of Heterostegina and are of a slightly pinkish tinge, while others are
white and are made up almost entirely of Lepidocyclina.

Heterosteginoides antillea, new species.
(Plate 5, Figures 5, 6.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test small, irregularly lenticular, surface somewhat papillate, in vertical
section the central line of chambers slightly irregular, the lateral chambers
piled in vertical rows in some specimens, in others variously placed.

Diameter 2 to 3 mm. or more.

Type specimens (U. S. N. M. No. 328181) from U. S. G. S. No. 6965,
lowest 10 to 15 feet of fossiliferous marls, southwest shore of Crocus
Baj7, Anguilla. At this station the species is very abundant, making
up a large part of the rock. Specimens also are numerous at 6966, same
locality, 30 to 50 feet above sea-level, and at 6894, Anguilla.

This is more regular than its relative, H. panamensis Cushman, from
the Canal Zone, although the figured specimen, plate 5, figure 6, is
more than usually regular.

Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny.

(Plate 7, Figure 7.)

In the Bowden marl there are two distinct forms, possibly species,
of Amphistegina. One of these is large, about 3 mm. in diameter, thick,
the lower side very granular, the sutures very obscure. The other
is about half the diameter, flatter, both sides fairly smooth, a few
granules about the aperture, the sutures very distinct. Both these
forms are abundant in the Bowden marl of Jamaica.

Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny, variety.

Specimens of a very thin, biconvex form of this species, with the
last-formed whorl making the entire surface of the test, that is com-
pletely involute, occur abundantly at Zone A, Rio Gurabo, Santo
Domingo.

Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny, e volute variety.

A large evolute variety of Amphistegina is common at Zone I, Rio
Cana, and both Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

The status of the var'ous species or varieties of Amphistegina is very
unsatisfactory. They form a very common constituent of our Tertiary
deposits and are often very decided and constant in their characters,
especially in fossil material.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 51

Nummulities antillea, new species.
(Plate 4, Figures 1,2.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test large, much compressed, only partially involute, the last coil broad
and thin, surface with the suture lines raised, evenly curved, with a trace of
papillate ornamentation along the ribs, peripheral margin somewhat thickened
and rounded.

Diameter 15 to 18 mm. or more.

Type specimens (U. S. N. M. No. 328182) fromU. S. G. S. station 6924,
from bed of limestone at top of described section, point on northwest
side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, collected by T. W. Vaughan.
At this station specimens are abundant. The sectioned specimen,
plate 4, figure 2, which seems to represent a young or the central por-
tion of .this species, is from U. S. G. S. No. 6895, spur on southwest
side of cay northwest of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, 170 feet above
sea-level. It may be noted that Orthophragmina occurs at both of
these stations, although not the same species. A few of the equatorial
chambers of Orthophragmina, probably 0. antillea, may be noted in
the upper right-hand corner of figure 2.

This seems to be one of the larger of our American species of Num-
mulites.

Nummulites parvula, new species.
(Plate 4, Figures 3 to 6.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test small, closely involute, increase in breadth of test slight with each
coil, sutures simple, slightly curved, test rather evenly lenticular, biconvex,
chambers thick-walled, usually consisting of 4 or 5 coils.

Diameter up to 4 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328183) from U. S. G. S. station 6903,
220 feet above sea-level, N. 67° E. from summit of Negre Point, across
low saddleback of point, St. Bartholomew. The vertical sections may
not represent this species, although they are very similar, but some-
what smaller. They are all from St. Bartholomew; plate 4, figures
4, 5, from U. S. G. S. No. 6924, from bed of limestone top of section,
point on northwest side of St. Jean Bay; figure 6 from 6921, point
between Governor's Bay and Nigre Point.

Nummulites species.

In the Cuban material species of Nummulites occasionally occur,
but are abundant at only one station. From station 3567, lowermost
100 feet of Tertiary running in above serpentine, northwest of Recreo,
Matanzas Province, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer, Nummulites is
very common, but the species have not been identified. This abun-
dance with accompanying species of Orthophragmina and absence of
Lepidocyclina would seem strongly to indicate the Eocene age of this
particular material,

52 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Orthophragmina cubensis, new species.
(Plate 9, Figure 3; Plate 10, Figures 2 to 4.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test small, lenticular, circular, comparatively thick, thickness in the center
greatest, about three-fifths the diameter, circular, gradually thinning toward
the periphery, but without a definite border, periphery rounded; surface with
numerous rather large papillae in the center, gradually growing smaller toward
the periphery.

Vertical sections showing the general shape of the test, which, due to the
straightness of the slope from center to periphery, makes almost a diamond-
shaped vertical section; pillars of the center very heavy, thick, increasing
rapidly in diameter toward the surface, the peripheral ends projecting above
the adjacent lateral chambers; equatorial chambers of the same height, the
band hardly increasing in diameter from center to periphery, very small;
lateral chambers in vertical columns, up to 20 or more in a column in the
thickest central portion, the individual chambers at least 4 or 5 times as wide
as high in section.

Horizontal sections show the rectangular chambers of the equatorial region
several times as long as wide, the lateral chambers forming an irregular net-
work about the sections of the pillars, often several columns of vertical cham-
bers between the pillars.

Diameter 1.5 to 3.5 mm.

Type specimens (U.S.N.M. No. 328184) from station 3475, Boston
mine, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer.

This seems to be a common Cuban species, occurring in material
from several stations, as follows: 6117, boulder from the band of lime-
stone, hill east of railroad and south of Cristo, near Santiago, Cuba,
collected by C. W. Hayes, April 1901; 6118, limestone near railroad
on trail to mines south of Cristo, collected by C. W. Hayes; 6119,
Isabella and Boston manganese mine near Santiago, Cuba, collected
by C. W. Hayes; 6120, loose material, Santiago Province, Cuba, exact
locality unknown; 6122, greensand limestone, Boston manganese mine,
3 miles east of Cristo, Santiago Province, Cuba, collected by A. C.
Spencer; 6123, resting on ore-bed 4 to 6 feet thick, Ponupo manganese
mine, Santiago Province, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer; 6124,
foraminiferal limestone, Ponupo manganese mine, Ponupo, Santiago
Province, Cuba, collected by R. T. Hill; 6125, railroad cut near San
Nicolas manganese mine, west of San Luis, Santiago Province, Cuba,
collected by C. W. Hayes; 3448, limestone from hillside south of Ponupo
manganese mine, La Maya, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by T. W.
Vaughan; 7666, from Sierra Guaso, northeast of Guantdnamo, Cuba,
collected by N. H. Darton, 1916.

The embryonic chambers of this species, so far as seen, are unequal in
size and comparable to those seen in the subgenus Nephrolepidina
of Lepidocyclina, the larger one kidney-shaped and partially embracing
the smaller.

In its general characters this species suggests 0. douvillei Schlum-
berger, but differs in several essential details.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 53

Orthophragmina crassa, new species.
(Plate 9, Figures 4 and 5; Plate 10, Figures 2 and 4.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test circular, lenticular, very thick in comparison to the diameter, central
portion broadly convex, thence straight or even slightly concave to the rather
acute periphery ; surface fairly smooth, with a few raised ends of pillars making
the surface slightly papillate.

Vertical section shows the general shape, in some specimens at least two-
thirds as thick as the diameter, central portion broadly rounded, with numer-
ous large pillars, increasing in diameter toward the surface, lateral chambers
very numerous, about three times as wide as high, usually at least 2 columns
between each two adjacent pillars even in the center; over 30 chambers in the
center in some of the columns are indicated; equatorial chambers increasing
very slowly in height toward the periphery, but more rapidly than in most
species, so that the equatorial band at the periphery may be double the width
near the center; embryonic chamber comparatively large, elongate in this
section.

Horizontal section shows the usual elongate, rectangular equatorial cham-
bers; the pillars subpolygonal, largest in the center, thence smaller toward
the periphery, intermediate lateral chambers irregularly polygonal.

Diameter 3.5 to 5.5 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328185) from station 6122, greensand
limestone, Boston manganese mine, Santiago Province, Cuba, col-
lected by A. C. Spencer. The species also appears to be present at the
following stations: 6123, Ponupo manganese mine, resting on ore-bed
4 to 6 feet thick, Santiago Province, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer;
6124, foraminiferal limestone, Ponupo manganese mine, collected by
R. T. Hill; 6125, railroad cut near San Nicolas manganese mine, west
of San Luis, Cuba, collected by C. W. Hayes; 6118, fossil limestone
near railroad, on trail to mines south of Cristo, and 6119, Isabella and
Boston manganese mine, Cuba, collected by C. W. Hayes; 3475,
Boston mine, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer; and
apparently from 6117, bowlder from the band of limestone, hill east of
railroad and south of Cristo, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by C. W.
Hayes.

Orthophragmina subtaramellei, new species.
(Plate 10, Figure 2; Plate 15, Figures 1 to 3.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test stellate, usually with 5 arms, occasionally 6, arms well distinguished
from the central body and extending outward freely; thickest in the central
region, thence gradually sloping to the angles between the arms, and gradually
merging into the median axis of the arms ; the arms themselves thickest in the
middle, thence sloping to the sides, which are thin and angled, ends of the
arms round-pointed; surface with numerous granulations, more pronounced
in the central portion.

Vertical sections show the general shape, the equatorial band of chambers
increasing slightly if at all from the center to the periphery, pillars well
developed, especially in the central region, but not numerous, usually several
columns of lateral chambers between them.

Diameter 1.5 to 2 mm.

54 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328186) from Boston manganese
mine, Santiago Province, Cuba. Besides the type station, according
to the sections obtained, the species evidently also occurs at the fol-
lowing stations: 6119, Isabella and Boston manganese mine, Santiago
Province, Cuba, collected by C. W. Hayes; 6123, Ponupo manganese
mine, Santiago Province, Cuba, resting or ore-bed 4 to 6 feet thick,
collected by A. C. Spencer; 6124, foraminiferal limestone, Ponupo
manganese mine, collected by T. R. Hill; 6125, railroad cut near San
Nicolas manganese mine, west of San Luis, Cuba, collected by C. W.
Hayes; 3475, Boston mine, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by A. C.
Spencer; 7666, from Sierra Guaso, northeast of Guantanamo, Cuba,
collected by N. H. Darton.

This species is very close to 0. taramellei Munier-Chalmas, but is
decidedly smaller, all the species seen from Cuba being less than 2 mm.
in diameter between the tips of the arms.

The specimens from station 6120 are weathered out and are numer-
ous, greenish in color.

0. taramellei was described from Villa Lady Bruce (Biarritz) ; Monte
Spilecco (Vicentin) ; Schonegg, near Kressenburg.

Orthophragmina sculpturata, new species.
. (Plate 9, Figures 8, 9.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test circular, somewhat sellseform, often very slightly so; central portion
considerably thickened and occupying one-third to one-fourth the diameter
of the test; peripheral portion much flattened and comparatively thin; exterior
of central thickened portion, when well preserved, beautifully sculptured,
with comparatively few raised papilla?, between which the surface is depressed
and reticulated as in 0. marthce Schlumberger ; peripheral thin portion of the
test usually smooth when the surface is well preserved.

Vertical sections show thickening up to 1.5 mm. in the central portion,
while the periphery is often but 0.25 mm. in thickness. Equatorial chambers
small, increasing hardly at all in diameter from the center to the periphery,
central embryonic chambers not well shown in the sections, but at least 6 to 8
times the diameter of adjacent equatorial chambers. Peripheral portion
without pillars, central portion with very strong pillars, thick, with a diameter
one-third to one-half their length and increasing very slightly in diameter
toward the surface ; lateral chambers in columns between the pillars very thin
compared to their breadth. Central portion of the outline decidedly undulate
from the projecting ends of the pillars.

Horizontal sections show very numerous equatorial chambers, elongate,
several times as long as broad; lateral chambers in section appearing as
polygonal lighter spaces surrounding in a single row the solid, opaque, circular,
elliptical, or irregularly polygonal pillar sections, toward the periphery, where
the pillars are wanting, forming an irregular network somewhat similar to the
arrangement in 0. dispansa Sowerby (Bull. Soc. Geol. France, ser. 4, vol. 3,
plate 12, fig. 51).

Diameter 5 to 7 mm.

FOSSIL FORANIMIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 55

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328187) from Nuevitas, Cuba, col-
lected by A. C. Spencer.

This species in general appearance resembles 0. marthce Schlum-
berger, especially in its characteristic surface ornamentation, but the
vertical section seems to be very different from that figured by Schlum-
berger.

Orthophragmina pustulata, new species.
(Plate 9, Figures 6, 7; Plate 10, Figure 1.)

^J. J-O-UC; £7j J-'lgUlCO \Jj I j ± AtiUC; AVfj J. 1£,U1

The following is a description of this species:
Test circular, lenticular, thickest in the middle, tl

Test circular, lenticular, thickest in the middle, thence gradually thinning
toward the periphery, which is without a carina or thinner portion, thickness
about one-fifth the diameter; surface finely pustulose, papillae larger and more
numerous near the central region, thence gradually decreasing in size and
number toward the periphery.

Vertical section shows the general form, equatorial band very thin, increas-
ing hardly at all toward the periphery, pillars numerous, somewhat thickened
toward the surface.

Horizontal section shows equatorial chambers elongate, rectangular,
length about three times the breadth, annuli irregular in width, pillars irregu-
larly rounded, remote, largest in center, decreasing gradually in size toward
the periphery, intermediate space filled with the irregularly polygonal lateral
chambers.

Diameter 3.5 to 5 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328188), section from station 3567,
lowermost 100 feet of Tertiary running in above serpentine, northwest
of Recreo, Matanzas Province, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer.
Specimens, also apparently of this species, were obtained at station
3448, limestone from hillside south of Ponupo manganese mine, La
Maya, near Santiago, Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan.

This is a larger, flatter species than 0. cubensis and is easily distin-
guished in the sections.

Orthophragmina antillea, new species.
(Plate 1, Figure 1; Plate 2, Figures 2 and 3; Plate 4, Figures 2 and 4.)

The following is a description o;" this species:

Test flattened, octagonal, surface with 8 raised ribs radiating from the
central, somewhat raised umbo to the periphery, triangular areas between
thin and flattened; umbonal area raised and rounded, with definite pillars
appearing as differences in coloration in the type, radial ribs with numerous
raised areas and pillars scattered along their wrhole length; diameter about
12 mm.

Vertical sections show the greater diameter of the equatorial chambers at
irregular intervals and the irregular, almost serrate character of the dorsal
and ventral surfaces due to the fine projections of the surface, especially
along the ribs.

Horizontal sections through the equatorial chambers were obtained only
in small fragmentary bits, but enough to show the typical rectangular cham-
bers of the genus.

56 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328189) from St. Bartholomew,'
Leeward Islands, U. S. G. S. No. 6895, spur on southeast side of cay
northwest of St. Jean Bay, 170 feet above sea-level; T. W. Vaughan
collector.

Specimens are very numerous in this material ; but a single specimen
was obtained showing the surface conditions with the radiating ribs.

Although it is specifically different, this species is closely related to
Orthophragmina mariannensis Cushman, from Marianna, Florida.

There appear to be from 5 to 8 layers of superimposed chambers at
each side of the horizontal zone of chambers as shown in the sections.
A few of the smallest specimens show the proloculum, but it is not well
developed or not sufficiently well preserved to make out its characters
clearly. The sections given on plate 2, figures 2 and 3, show the general
characters of the vertical section.

Occasional oblique sections show the rectangular equatorial cham-
bers characteristic of Orthophragmina.

This is the specimen mentioned by Vaughan as "Orbitoides sp.,
large, stellate form" (Vaughan, T. Wayland, Carnegie Inst. Wash.
Year Book No. 13, p. 359, 1914).

Orthophragmina marginata, new species.
(Plate 1, Figure 2; Plate 2, Figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test lenticular, circular, central portion strongly raised and umbonate,
regularly curved down to the broad peripheral flange, which is again thickened
near the peripheral margin; surface comparatively smooth, very slightly
granular, but not at all papillate.

In vertical section the central portion is seen to be strongly biconvex, but
not much wider than either part of the surrounding margin-like thinner portion,
again thickening toward the extreme peripheral margin, which is rounded.

Equatorial chambers small, in the center very narrow but increasing
slightly but gradually toward the periphery, where they are not more than
0.1 mm. in height. The chambers are convex on the peripheral side, almost
semicircular in some specimens. Lateral chambers very small and often
difficult to distinguish, even with an enlargement of 20 diameters (plate 2,
fig. 4). In the central portion there are many layers of these lateral chambers,
often 30 to 40 layers on either side of the equatorial band. This number
decreases as the convexity becomes less, and over the flattened margin there
are but 6 to 8 layers of lateral chambers. At the border this number is some-
what increased, but falls off again at the extreme outer margin. There are
traces of pillars in the central umbonate region, but they are not prominent.

Diameter of the type specimen 12 to 14 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328190) from St. Bartholomew,
Leeward Islands; U. S. G. S. No. 6924, from a bed of limestone on
point on the northwest side of St. Jean Bay; T. Wayland Vaughan
collector.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and Douville var. yurnagunensis, new variety.

(Plate 12, Figures 7, 8.)

57

The following is a description of this variety :

Test differing from the typical form of the species mainly in the form of the
lateral chambers, which are somewhat broader, and with the upper wall
decidedly arched; embryonic chambers either two, subequal or very unequal,
or several, the equatorial chambers hexagonal or obscurely diamond-shaped.

Type material from U. S. G. S. station 7348, from flexure 2 miles
south of Yurnaguna, Cuba, collected by O. E. Meinzer.

At this station the material is largely composed of this species, as the
section (plate 12, fig. 8) shows. None of these sections happens to
be exactly vertical. The variety shows the embryonic characters of
all three of Douville's subgenera : equal chambers, as in the type from
Panama (Isolepidina) ; unequal, one small, the other partially encircling
and kidney-shaped (Nephrolepidina) ; and with two irregular large
embryonic chambers and two or more small ones (Pliolepidina) . The
latter condition is shown in plate 12, figure 7.

In gross appearance, color, and general characters this material
very strikingly resembles that from Bohio, Panama, the type locality
for L. canellei.

FIG. 6. — Lepidocyclina canellei Lemoine and R. Douville var. yurnagunensis, new variety.
X 50. a, embryonic chambers, several in number and irregular in size (Pliolepidina) .
b, showing embryonic chambers of a specimen where these chambers are equal in size
(Isolepidina). Specimens from station 7548, 2 miles south of Yurnaguna, Cuba.

Lepidocyclina schlumbergeri Lemoine and R. Douville.

Lepidocyclina schlumbergeri Lemoine and R. Douvilld, Soc. geol. France, Paleont., vol. 12,
Mem. 32, p. 14, plate 1, fig. 10; plate 2, fig. 6; 1904.

The following is a description of this species:

Test large, compressed, lenticular, thickest in the central region, from which
it gradually thins out toward the periphery, somewhat flexuous and slightly
saddle-shaped; surface fairly smooth or somewhat finely granular, the granules

58 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

representing the ends of the small pillars; surface often uneven, due to the
raised peripheral walls of the lateral chambers.

Vertical section shows the general shape, thin, gently curving from the
center to the periphery, slightly curved; the pillars numerous and compara-
tively small, a very few larger pillars in the central region, vertical columns
of lateral chambers with numerous low, flattened chambers making up each
column.

Horizontal section shows hexagonal chambers, but more numerous equa-
torial ones with the outer wall convexly curved, walls rather thick.

Diameter 25 to 35 mm.

Lemoine and Douville regard this as a mutation of L. dilatata. They
record this species, especially from Spain at four localities in Anda-
lusia, at Baena, and Pont du Guadalquiver (Puente Viejo), and at
Sella and Penaguila, province of Alicante, stages not given. It was
collected by 0. E. Meinzer in Cuba at the following stations: 7512,
Ocujal; 7518, south side near west end, Los Melones Mountain; 7522,
Mogote Peak; 7543, limestone outcrop, east side of Yateras; and by
N. H. Darton at 7664, north slope of La Piedra, northeast of Jamaica,
northeast of Guantanamo.

Lepidocyclina parvula, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 4 to 7.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test lenticular, circular, central region thickened, gradually diminishing in
breadth toward the periphery, which has a thin flange-like border, surface
fairly smooth.

Vertical section showing the general form of the species; equatorial chambers
gradually increasing in size toward the periphery, where they may be 4 to 5
times as high as long; outer surface slightly convex, chambers of the central
region in section nearly square; lateral chambers 8 to 10 in a vertical column
in the central region, and thence gradually diminishing in number until near
the periphery there may be but a single layer of the lateral chambers, central
portion with definite pillars, largely confined to this region.

Horizontal section shows the usual form of the equatorial chambers for this
genus, the embryonic chambers either subequal or with one slightly larger
than the other. In the section illustrated on plate 3, figure 4, a peculiar con-
dition of these chambers is shown, where the two embryonic chambers have
a series of chambers, apparently coiled about them. This is an unusual char-
acter in this genus.

Diameter 5 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328191) from U. S. G. S. station
6862, from lower bed at Hodge's Bluff, Antigua, T. W. Vaughan,
collector. It is very abundant in material from certain layers at this
locality. This species also occurs at station 6854, Rifle Butts, Antigua.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

59

FIG. 7. — Lepidocydina. morgani Le-
moine and R. Douville. Embryonic
chambers. X 35. Specimen from
station 7543, limestone outcrop,
east side of Yateras, Cuba.

Lepidocydina morgani Lemoine and R. Douville.
(Plate 11, Figures 1 to 3; Text-fig. 7.)

Lepidocydina cf. marginata H. Douville, Soc. Geol. France Bull., ser. 3, vol. 18, p. 1001, 1900.
Lepidocydina morgani Lemoine and R. Douville, Soc. Geol. France, Paleont., vol. 12, Mem.
32, p. 17, plate 1, figs. 12, 15, 17; plate 2, figs. 4, 12; plate 3, fig. 2; 1904.

The following is a description of this
species :

Test small, discoidal, much thickened in
the central portion, from which it tapers
rather rapidly to the subacute periphery;
central protuberant portion with a series of
large pustules ranging from 5 to 12 or more in
number, of which one is usually central,
surface reticulate between the pustules; the
margins stellate; periphery of the test thin
and slightly reticulated by the walls of the
equatorial chambers.

Vertical sections show the general form
and curvature of the surface of the test, the
few pillars in the central region rapidly in-
creasing in diameter toward the surface of
the test; lateral chambers with the outer wall convex, averaging about three
times as wide as high ; in the central region with as many as 10 chambers in the
vertical columns; equatorial chambers not increasing rapidly in height; height
of those at the periphery not more than double that of those near the center.

Horizontal sections show the embryonic chambers, which are unequal, the
larger one partially surrounding the smaller, as in the subgenus Nephrolepidina
of H. Douville and the equatorial chambers more or less diamond-shaped, as
in that subgenus. In other specimens the outer wall of the chamber is convex.

Diameter 2 to 5 mm.

Distribution.— Specimens seemingly identical with this species were
found at the following stations in Cuba: 7513, limestone, outcrop where
Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail; 7516, west end, Los Melones Moun-
tain; 7543, limestone outcrop, east side of Yateras; 7554, south of El
Jigue, 5 miles above mouth of Yateras River on west side, collected
by O. E. Meinzer. Specimens, the sections of which are imperfect, but
probably belonging to L. morgani, were obtained by O. E. Meinzer at
station 7519, limestone from drift near top of landslide next north of
Los Melones. and 7522, Mogote Peak. The specimens whose exteriors
are figured were obtained by N. H. Darton at station 7664, north slope,
La Piedra, northeast of Jamaica, northeast of Guantanamo, Cuba.

Lemoine and R. Douville record this species from four localities in
Aquitaine (Abesse, Mimbaste, Saint-Etienne-d'Orthe, and Le Man-
dillot), from four localities in Spain (Baena, Pont du Guadalquiver,
Sella, and Penaguila), and from Madagascar. The stage is indicated
as Aquitanian but not definitely given.

It is a very distinctive species, and the Cuban specimens seem to differ
in no essential characters from those figured by Lemoine and Douville.

60 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Lepidocyclina marginata (Michelotti).

(Plate 12, Figures 1, 2.)

Nummulites marginata Michelotti, Soc. Ital. Sci. Mem., vol. 22, p. 297, plate 3, fig. 4, 1841.

Lepidocyclina marginata Lemoine and R. Douville, Soc. Geol. France, Paleont., vol. 12,

Mem. 32, p. 16, plate 1, fig. 7; plate 2, figs. 7, 9, 11, 20; plate 3, figs. 3, 8, 9, 13; 1904.

The following is a description of this species :

Test of small or medium size, lenticular, thickest in the central region, thence
tapering gradually to the periphery, which in the adult forms a thin flange
around the thicker central portion; central portion with numerous prominent
pustules, rather evenly placed and of good size, representing the outer end of
the pillars; flange smooth, except for roughness caused by weathering.

Vertical section shows the general shape already noted, the numerous pillars
giving an undulate outline to the central thickened region, pillars rather
crowded at the center, but separating toward the periphery, increasing very
rapidly in diameter in the first quarter or third of their length, thence keeping
about the same diameter to the surface; lateral chambers in single columns
between the pillars, equatorial band of chambers rather narrow and thin,
increasing in height toward the periphery.

Horizontal section shows the equatorial chambers to be in general hexagonal,
occasionally with the peripheral portion convexly curved; the lateral chambers
also hexagonal, especially in the central region, where they are compressed by
the pillars.

Diameter up to 12 or 15 mm., usually less.

Distribution. — Lemoine and R. Douville" record this species from
Rosignano, Montferrat, Pie"mont, and Colli Torinesi, Turin, Italy,
and from Pont du Guadalquiver and Baena, Andalusia, Spain, stage
not given. It was collected at the following stations in Cuba by O. E.
Meinzer: 7512, Ocujal; 7513 ?, orbitoidal limestone, outcrop where
Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail; 7518, south side near west end, Los
Melones Mountain; 7519, orbitoidal limestone, from drift near top of
landslide next north of Los Melones; 7521, limestone, top of Mogote
Peak; 7522 ?, Mogote Peak; 7543, limestone outcrop, east side of
Yateras; and by N. H. Darton at station 7664, north slope of La Piedra,
northeast of Jamaica, northeast of Guantanamo.

Lemoine and R. Douville had only the microspheric form of the
species, but the Cuban material has megalospheric specimens. The
embryonic chambers are rather thick-walled and unequal in size.

Lepidocyclina sumatrensis (H. B. Brady).
(Plate 12, Figures 3, 4.)

Orbitoides sumatrensis H. B. Brady, Geol. Mag., ser. 2. vol. 2, p. 536, plate 14, fig. 3, 1875;
Jaarb. Mijn. Ned.-Oost.-Indie, vol. 7, pt. 2, p. 165, plate 2, fig. 3, 1878; Newton and
Holland, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vol. 3, p. 259, plate 10, figs. 7 to 12, 1899.

Lepidocyclina sumatrensis Jones and Chapman, in Andrews, A Monograph of Christmas
Island, London, p. 244, plate 20, fig. 6, 1900; Newton and Holland, Journ. Coll.
of Sci., Imp. Univ. Tokyo, vol. 27, art. 6, p. 11, plate 1, fig. 7, 1903; Lemoine
and R. Douville, Soc. geol. France, Paleont., vol. 12, Mem. 32, p. 18, plate 1, fig.
14; plate 2, fig. 15; plate 3, fig. 6; 1904.

The following is a description of this species :

Test small, discoidal, thickened in the central portion, from which it tapers
gradually to the subacute periphery, central protuberant portion more or less

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 61

pustulate throughout, but these protuberant spots of small size and covering
the larger part of the area more or less evenly; surface otherwise smooth;
periphery thin.

Vertical sections show the general form and curvature of the test, pillars
entirely lacking, lateral chambers with the outer surface convex, three or four
times as wide as high ; 6 to 10 chambers in a vertical column.

Horizontal sections show the embryonic chambers, which are unequal, the
larger curved about the smaller semicircular one; equatorial chambers irregu-
larly hexagonal.

Diameter 2 to 5 mm.

Distribution, — L. sumatrensis was obtained in Cuba by 0. E. Meinzer
at the following stations: 7513, limestone outcrop where Palmer Trail
joins Ocujal Trail; 7516, west end Los Melones Mountain; 7519, lime-
stone from drift near top of landslide next north of Los Melones; 7543,
limestone outcrop, east side of Yateras; 7554, south of El Jigue, 5
miles above mouth of Yateras River on west side; and by N. H. Darton
at 7664, north slope of La Piedra, northeast of Jamaica, northeast of
Guantanamo.

This species was described by Brady from Sumatra. It is recorded
elsewhere in the East from Formosa and the East Indies, and Lemoine
and R. Douville" record it from Rosignano, Montferrat, Piemont,
Italy; Baena, Pont du Guadalquiver, Penaguila, and Sella, Spain; and
Saint-Etienne-d'Orthe and Mandillot, near Dax, France, probably
Aquitanian in age.

In the Cuban material it occurs usually in company with L. morgani,
and in this connection it is interesting to note that both species are
given by Lemoine and R. Douville from all four of the stations in
Spain and from three of the four stations in France.

This species may easily be distinguished from L. morgani by its lack
of pillars. The pustulate appearance of L. sumatrensis is due to the
convex surface of the lateral chambers, those of adjacent columns being
of unequal height at the surface.

Lepidocyclina crassata, new species.
(Plate 11, Figures 4, 5.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test of medium size, lenticular, comparatively thick in the center, thence
tapering toward the sides; central portion convex, changing to a concave
curve toward the periphery; surface irregularly pustulate, especially where
somewhat weathered.

Vertical section shows the general shape, convex at the center and broadly
rounded, thence thinning rapidly toward the periphery, where the surface is
concave, to the rather poorly developed peripheral border; height or thickness
of the test about one-third the diameter. Embryonic chamber large and veiy
thick-walled, often showing 1 or 2 accessory chambers, also thick-walled and
rather conspicuously perforate; young specimens show that for a time the
embryonic chamber is the greater part of the test. Equatorial band of cham-
bers rather large, even at the beginning, the outer wall convex and coarsely
perforate. Lateral chambers comparatively thick-walled, several times as
broad as high, somewhat lenticular in section, highest in the middle; thence

62

GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

their height decreases toward the sides. A comparatively small number of
pillars in the central part originating in the wall of the embryonic chamber and
extending to the periphery.

Horizontal section shows that the equatorial chambers are regularly
hexagonal and fairly thick-walled, and that those of successive annuli are of
very different sizes.

Diameter up to 9 mm.; height up to 3 mm. or more.

FIG. 8. — Sections of embryonic chambers of Lepidocyclina crassata, new species, showing variation
in position of two or more divisions, and the comparatively thick outer wall. X 25.
Specimens from limestone from drift near top of landslide next north of Los Melones,
Cuba.

Type specimen, section (U. S. N. M. No. 328192) from station 7513,
orbitoidal limestone, outcrop where Palmer Trail joins Ocujal Trail,
Cuba. Specimens are also numerous in material from 7512, Ocujal;
7519, orbitoidal limestone, from drift near top of landslide next north
of Los Melones; 7521, limestone, top of Mogote Peak, Cuba. All the
specimens were collected by 0. E. Meinzer.

L. crassata is very heavy and thick-walled and in section may be
easily distinguished from any other Cuban or West Indian species of
Lepidocyclina.

Lepidocyclina subraulinii, new species.
(Plate 11, Figures 6, 7; Plate 12, Figures 5, 6.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test circular, much thickened in the central portion, which occupies about
one-third the diameter of the test; peripheral portion much flattened, thin;
thick central portion irregularly papillate, peripheral portion smooth, showing
almost no tendency to become saddle-shaped.

Vertical section shows the general thickness, the central lenticular body,
and the thin periphery ; central portion with very numerous pillars, increasing
in diameter toward the surface; lateral chambers crowded between the pillars,
very numerous in the vertical columns and much wider than high; equatorial
chambers increasing in diameter toward the periphery, the outer margin
convex and with a series of fine pores.

Horizontal section shows the equatorial chambers, which are polygonal; the
outer margin strongly convex; pillars subpolygonal, with the lateral chambers
making irregular polygonal meshes between them, toward the periphery the
lateral chambers making up the entire test as the pillars decrease in number.

Diameter up to 24 mm. ; thickness in center 4.5 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328193) from station 3478, Nue-
vitas, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer. Other specimens apparently
this species occur at 7666, Sierra Guaso, northeast of Guantanamo,
collected by N. H. Barton.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 63

In diameter and general shape L. subraulinii suggests L. raulinii
Lemoine and R. Douville from Saint-Geours-en-Maremmes, Landes,
France, and Columbres, Province of Santander in Spain, but it differs
in that it has very definite pillars and a papillose surface at the center.
The age of the European material of L. raulinii is not definitely given.

Lepidocyclina perundosa, new species.
(Plate 11, Figure 8.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test very much curved in two directions, so that at points 180° from one
another the two planes of each set are nearly parallel to one another and nearly
at right angles to those of the other set, strongly "saddle-shaped," surface
smooth when well preserved, but usually somewhat cancellate, due to erosion.

Vertical section difficult to obtain on account of the very much doubly
curved shape of the test, but shows no pillars; the lateral chambers about
three times as long as high; central chamber large; equatorial chambers
increasing gradually in size toward the periphery, their height and breadth
about equal.

Horizontal section, which from the shape of the test can be at best only
fragmentary, shows equatorial chambers roughly triangular, with the outer
surface convexly curved.

Diameter 8 to 12 mm.

Type specimen, section (U. S. N. M. No. 328194) from station 3478,
Nuevitas, Cuba, collected by A. C. Spencer.

This is a very sella3form species about one-half the size of L. undosa
Cushman from Antigua.

Lepidocyclina antillea, new species.
(Plate 3, Figure 3.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test compressed, circular, rather evenly biconvex, lenticular, central portion
highest, thence gradually thinning toward the periphery, central area strongly
papillate, remainder of surface less strongly so.

Vertical section shows equatorial chambers gradually increasing in height
toward the periphery, those of the central region measuring less than 0.1 mm.,
those of the periphery as much as 0.5 mm. in height; outer wall of the equa-
torial chambers very squarely truncated.

Lateral chambers not numerous in the central thickened region, with only
6 or 7 chambers in a column, and this number is gradually reduced toward
the periphery. Central region and the whole test in lesser degree marked by
very heavy and numerous pillars, greatest width near the outer end, thence
gradually tapering toward the center, outer ends rounded, forming the
papillae of the surface. In the central region the surface area occupied by the
pillars is greater than that taken up by the lateral chambers.

In the horizontal section, or at least in the somewhat broadly oblique sec-
tion, the equatorial chambers are of the curved Lepidocyclina form instead
of the more typical hexagonal shape.

Diameter of the test averages about 5 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328195) from U. S. G. S. No. 6897,
from St. Bartholomew, Leeward Islands, from conglomerate and sand-

64 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

stone below upper limestone bed, Anse Ecaille side of point between
Anse Ecaille and Anse Lizard; T. W. Vaughan, collector; specimens
apparently weathered out from the matrix are abundant. Also from
68976, point between Colombier Point and bay next to St. Jean Bay.
Hand specimens showing sections of this heavy-pillared species are
abundant in a hard cherty material, No. 6902, southeast section of
southwest side of island near Negre Point, altitude 360 feet; and 6903,
N. 67° E. from summit of Negre Point, across low saddle-back of point,
elevation 220 feet. All the above are from St. Bartholomew.

This species is related in many ways to Lepidocyclina macdonaldi
Cushman from Panama, in the white limestone at David. The general
vertical section is much more heavily pillared in L. antillea, although
the figured specimen, not being exactly central, shows this much less
strongly than in many of the weathered sections in hand specimens.

Lepidocyclina gigas, new species.
(Plate 1, Figures 3 to 5; Plate 5, Figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test large, flattened, somewhat lenticular, circular in outline, central por-
tion slightly umbonate, thence gradually thinning toward the periphery,
which is bluntly angular; surface generally flat and smooth, occasionally
slightly undulating.

Vertical section shows the equatorial chambers increasing somewhat in
height from the central area toward the periphery, the peripheral end of each
chamber slightly convex toward the exterior; lateral chambers broad and low,
in vertical columns, usually from 7 to 10 chambers in each column in the
central portion of the test outside the umbonal region, thence gradually
decreasing in number toward the periphery. There are pillars developed at
irregular intervals, but these are few in number and of very small diameter.

Horizontal sections show the hexagonal equatorial chambers, the annular
rows of which are very uneven in size.

Diameter of largest specimens up to 80 mm. or more.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328196) from Antigua, Leeward
Islands, U. S. G. S. No. 6862, from lower bed at Hodge's Bluff; T. W.
Vaughan, collector. Specimens from this locality are numerous and
very fine. Poorer material, but apparently specifically the same,
occurs at 6854, Rifle Butts, and 6857, southwest side of Wetherell Mill,
both from Antigua.

This species is very near to L. elephantina Munier-Chalmas, but the
two early chambers in the two species do not seem to be at all alike,
those of L. elephantina being very dissimilar in size and shape, while
those of L. gigas, as far as made out, seem to be much more nearly
equal, as is usual in American species of Lepidocyclina.

This is a very fine, large species, abundant at the type station.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 65

Lepidocyclina undulata, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures la, 2, 8, 9; Plate 15, Figure 5.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test of large size, slightly papillate, lenticular, the umbonate region scarcely
if at all raised, whole test undulate or saddle-shaped, often bent nearly double.

Vertical sections of this species show pillars very constant but of small
diameter scattered throughout the central half of the test and a few toward
the peripheral portion; equatorial chambers fairly high and with a series of
6 to 8 rather large perforations in the peripheral wall of each; lateral chambers
thick-walled and rather large, comparatively few, usually not more than 6 in
a vertical column.

Diameter in the largest specimens apparently exceeding 100 mm. when
complete.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328197) from Antigua, Leeward
Islands, U. S. G. S. No. 6863, High Point, collected by T. W Vaughan.
Specimens are abundant at this station. Other material from Antigua
apparently referable to this species is from No. 6858, Wetherell Point ;
6874, Blizzard's Mill; (?) 6880, west side Otto's estate, west side of
Golden Grove road; 6881, from bluffs on north side of Willoughby
Bay; and 6942, bowlders on south side of Monk's Hill, Falmouth.

This seems to be the largest known species of Lepidocyclina, being
larger than L. elephantina. The material here figured (plate 3, figs.
1, 2; plate 14, fig. 5) from 6869 and 6881 are for the most part com-
posed of other species, but a few large specimens apparently referable
to this are shown with the others.

Lepidocyclina undosa, new species.
(Plate 2, Figure 1, a.)

The following is a description of this species :

Test of medium size, much compressed, strongly undulate or saddle-shaped,
not at all umbonate, thin throughout, surface slightly granulate, otherwise
smooth, where worn usually netted by the walls of the chambers.

Vertical section showing apparently an entire absence of pillars throughout,
equatorial chambers nearly square in section, walls straight, lateral chambers
veiy numerous, low and broad, very thin-walled, 12 to 15 in a vertical column
in the thicker portions of the test.

Horizontal sections showing typical hexagonal equatorial chambers.

Diameter up to 25 mm. or more.

Type material (U. S. N. M. No. 328198) from Antigua, Leeward
Islands, U. S. G. S. No. 6869, Long Island, Antigua. The species is
very abundant in this material, making up a large proportion of the
rock-mass. Specimens are associated with Heterostegina.

This may be distinguished from other species of Lepidocyclina by
its saddle-shaped test, the flat, non-umbonate center, the finely netted
surface in worn specimens, and the absence of pillars in the vertical
section with the thin- walled chambers.

66 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OP THE WEST INDIES.

Lepidocyclina favosa, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 1, 2, b; Plate 15, Figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species:

Test of medium size, compressed, strongly undulate or saddle-shaped, the
central portion umbonate, much curved, thick; the remainder of the test thin
and flange-like; central umbonate mass with an ornamentation of polygonal
areas formed by raised ribs; remainder of test fairly smooth but irregularly
eroded in most cases.

Vertical section with numerous distinct pillars in the umbonate region,
broad at the exterior and narrowing to a point near the equatorial chambers,
flattened peripheral portion with few indistinct pillars.

Diameter 15 to 18 mm. for typical specimens.

Type specimens (U. S. N. M. No. 328199) from Antigua, Leeward
Islands, U. S. G. S. No. 6881, from bluffs on north side of Willoughby
Bay.

This is a very strikingly ornamented species and hardly likely to
be mistaken for any other, especially with its very strong saddle-
shape in addition. It was not seen in any material from the other
Antigua stations, but is very abundant at this station, as the photo-
graph (plate 3, fig. 1) will show.

Spiroloculina species (?).
(Plate 5, Figures 9 and 12.)

A section showing longitudinally a specimen of Spirolculina and
an oblique section of a similar specimen are reproduced on plate 5,
figure 9. This is from U. S. G. S. No. 6949, Simson Bay Point, St.
Martin, Leeward Islands. In this material, in which specimens of
Orbitolites are abundant, specimens of Spiroloculina are frequent, but
as they show only in section, it is not possible accurately to determine
them specifically. In a section from U. S. G. S. No. 6966, southwest
shore of Crocus Bay, Anguilla, there is a transverse section of a Spiro-
loculina with convex periphery and concave faces (plate 5, fig. 12),
but whether it is the same species as that from St. Martin is prob-
lematical. The associated species at each locality are very different,
however, as the abundant genus in St. Martin is Orbitolites, while in
Anguilla it is Heterosteginoides.

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d'Orbigny.

Quinqueloculina agglutinans d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foram-
inif feres," p. 195, plate 12, figs. 11 to 13, 1839.

Occasional very typical specimens occur at Zone H, Rio Cana, and
at Bluffs 2 znd 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. It may be noted
that these specimens are almost exactly like the figures given by
d'Orbigny rather than those of recent material given by later authors.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 67

Quinqueloculina cuvieriana d'Orbigny.

Quinqueloculina cuvieriana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foram-
iniferes," p. 190, plate 11, figs, 19 to 21, 1839.

A few specimens with the typical ornamentation of the species
occurred at Zone I, Rio Cana, and Bluff 2, Cercado de Mao, Santo
Domingo. These are almost exactly like the Cuban monograph fig-
ures, but very different from the figures assigned to this species by later
authors.

Quinqueloculina auberiana d'Orbigny.

Quinqueloculina auberiana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foram-
iniferes," p. 193, plate 12, figs. 1 to 3, 1839.

Very typical specimens occur in material from Zone H, Rio Cana,
and Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo. These are more
closely like the original figures of the type than of later figures of other
authors.

Specimens are rare in the Bowden marl of Jamaica, but are very
typical, like the Santo Domingo specimens, and like the original figures
given by d'Orbigny in his Cuba monograph.

Typical specimens also occur in the Miocene of the Panama Canal
Zone and Virginia.

Quinqueloculina pulchella d'Orbigny.

Miliolina pulchella (d'Orbigny) H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 174,
plate 6, figs. 13, 14, 1884.

A few specimens with characteristic ornamentations occur at Zones
H and I, Rio Cana, and Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

Quinqueloculina gualteriana d'Orbigny.

Quinqueloculina gualteriana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foram-
iniferes," p. 186, plate 11, figs. 1 to 3, 1839.

Specimens seemingly identical with this species as figured by
d'Orbigny occur at Zones H and I, Rio Cana, and there are question-
able specimens from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo; but
they are rare, two being the most from any one station.

Quinqueloculina species cf. Q. kerimbatica (Heron- Allen and Earland).

(Plate 13, Figure 5.)

Miliolina kerimbatica Heron-Allen and Earland, Trans. Zool. Soc. London, vol. 20, p. 574,
plate 43, figs. 13 to 23, 1915.

Large specimens seemingly identical with the recent species described
by Heron-Allen and Earland from the Kerimba Archipelago off the
southeastern coast of Africa occur both at Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado de
Mao, Santo Domingo. In their size, shape, and peculiar type of
coarse, irregularly reticulate ornamentation these fossil specimens are
strikingly like the recent African-Indian Ocean specimens. The same

68 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

species occurs abundantly in the recent Philippine material, and Millett
records it from the Malay Archipelago under the name Miliolina
parkeri. This is a rather interesting distribution, corresponding some-
what with what Vaughan has shown for some genera of corals now
extinct in the West Indies, but found living in the Indo Pacific.

Quinqueloculina parkeri (H. B. Brady) var. bowdenensis, new variety.

(Plate 14, Figure 6.)

The following is a description of this variety:

Variety differing from the typical mainly in the reduced amount of the
ornamentation, which in the variety consists of several short obliquely trans-
verse ridges confined to the periphery of the test, which is bluntly angled.

Length 0.5 mm.

Type specimen (U. S. N. M. No. 328200) from the Miocene Bowden
marl, Jamaica.

The typical form of the species is known from the East Indian region
and the Red Sea.

Quinqueloculina species (?).
(Plate 5, Figure 8.)

A single section of a portion of a specimen of Quinqueloculina was
noted in a section from U. S. G. S. No. 6966, southwest shore of Crocus
Bay, Anguilla, 30 to 50 feet above sea-level. From what is present
this is apparently a smooth, angular species, but nothing further can
be made of its specific determination.

Triloculina tricarinata d'Orbigny.
(Plate 14, Figure 4.)

Triloculina tricarinata d'Orbigny, Ann. Sci. Nat., vol. 7, p. 299, 1826.

Miliolina tricarinata H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 165, plate 3,
figs. 17 a, b, 1884.

A single specimen of this tricarinate species was found in the Bowden
marl from Bowden, Jamaica. It is not sharply carinate, but the
aperture is very characteristic.

Triloculina brongniartiana d'Orbigny.

Triloculina brongniartiana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foramin-
iferes," p. 176, plate 10, figs. 6 to 8, 1839.

A few finely striate specimens from the Bowden marl, Bowden,
Jamaica, are very similar to the figures of this species given by d'Or-
bigny from Cuba. In the Challenger Report, Brady refers this species
with a question to the later name T. boueana of d'Orbigny, but the two
seem to be distinct and the fossil specimens under consideration are
certainly very close to T7. brongniartiana. Brady's reference to their

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 69

being " young examples, in a Triloculine condition" is erroneous, as
the young of Triloculina is quinqueloculine in the microspheric form
at least, while the young of Quinqueloculina is quinqueloculine in both
forms, microspheric and megalospheric. Our specimens, too, are
larger than those figured by Brady as T. boueana.

Triloculina fichteliana d'Orbigny.

Triloculina fichteliana d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, " Foraminiferes,"
p. 171, plate 9, figs. 8 to 10, 1839.

A single specimen referred to this species was found in the material
from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

Biloculina species.

Two small specimens of Biloculina were found in the material from
Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, but are not in condition to identify them
specifically. A single small specimen was also found in marl from
station 3461, gorge of Yumurf River, Matanzas, Cuba, collected by
T. W. Vaughan. Specimens referred to B. bulloides d'Orbigny were
obtained from the Miocene of the Panama Canal Zone and from
Florida.

Vertebralina cassis d'Orbigny.

Vertebralina cassia d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes,"
p. 51, plate 7, figs. 14, 15, 1839.

From the material from Zone H, Rio Cana, Santo Domingo, a single
specimen was obtained. It is of the form figured by d'Orbigny as V.
cassis and has the typical ornamentation, although somewhat eroded.

Vertebralina striata d'Orbigny.
(Plate 14, Figure 3.)

Jones and Parker record this species in their list of Foraminifera
from the Bowden marl, Jamaica. I have found a single specimen in
my material, figured here.

Peneroplis pertusus Forskal var. discoideus Flint.

Peneroplis pertusus var. discoideus Flint, Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, p. 304, plate 49,
figs. 1, 2, 1899.

These specimens from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo,
are identical with this peculiar variety described by Flint from the
shallow water of Key West Harbor, Florida.

Peneroplis pertusus Forskal variety.

A single specimen from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, has the typical
form of Orbiculina adunca, but, as the chambers throughout seem to be
undivided, the specimen is a true Peneroplis.

70 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Orbiculina adunca (Fichtel and Moll).

OrbicuUna adunca (Fichtel and Moll) d'Orbigny in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba,
"Foraminiferes," p. 64, plate 8, figs. 8 to 16, 1839.

Specimens of this common West Indian species occur at Zones H
and I, Rio Cana, and Bluffs 2 and 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

Orbiculina compressa d'Orbigny.
(Plate 7, Figure 6.)

Orbiculina compressa d'Orbigny, in De la Sagra, Hist. Fis. Pol. Nat. Cuba, "Foraminiferes,"
p. 66, plate 8, figs. 4 to 7, 1839; Jones, Parker, and H. B. Brady, Crag Foram., Pal.
Soc., vol. 19, p. 21, plate 3, fig. 43, 1866 ; Hill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 34, p.
147, 1899.

The following is a description of this species:

Test flattened, circular or elliptical in outline, early chambers spiral, soon
extending back to make a crosier-formed test, after which by further elonga-
tions the chamber ends meet and form annuli ; wall calcareous, smooth, aper-
tures circular openings about the peripheral wall.

Diameter up to 3 mm.

This species is not uncommon in the Bowden material from Jamaica,
but is frequently broken, due to the thin, entirely calcareous test and
the weakness that easily develops along the sutural lines. In Hill's
list of the species identified by Doctor Bagg both 0. compressa and
0. adunca are given. Among the specimens I have seen there is none
that is the typical thick form of 0. adunca; but all are thin, flattened,
and develop annuli very early, and, therefore, are typical 0. compressa.

Orbitolites (Sorites) duplex Carpenter.
(Plate 5, Figures 9, 10.)

The material from U. S. G. S. No. 6949, Simson'Bay Point, St. Martin,
numerous specimens of a medium-sized Orbitolites. Vertical sections
of material from this station are shown on plate 5, figure 9. As a rule
the specimens are much like 0. duplex in section. According to
Douville, current conceptions of Orbitolites need much revision. The
true Orbitolites, with 0. complanata as the type, from the Eocene of the
Paris Basin, seems to be not found living at the present time. A
portion of a horizontal section from U. S. G. S. No. 6894, southwest
side of Crocus Bay, Anguilla, shows a few chambers in which the con-
nections between the adjacent chambers seem much more like those in
Sorites Ehrenberg, which, according to Douville, includes the recent
species 0. marginata and 0. duplex. The fossil Orbitolites need a
careful revision from a study of carefully sectioned material.

Specimens very similar to the above occur at the following stations
in Cuba, collected by T. W. Vaughan: 3440, northeast part of Santiago,
in marl on hillside; 3443, northeast part of Santiago, marl at foot of
hills, and 3446, first deep cutting on railroad east of La Cruz, near
Santiago.

FOSSIL FORAMINIFERA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 71

Orbitolites complanata (Lamarck) variety.

Orbitolitcs complanata (Lamarck) H. B. Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zoology, vol. 9, p. 218,
plate 16, fig. 1, 1884.

The form of 0. complanata, very abundant in a fine sandy material
from Bluff 3, Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo, differs from the ordi-
nary form of this species in being thinner, more like 0. duplex, but
with the multiple chambers of 0. complanata; the apertures, however,
occur in a very narrow band along the center of the peripheral face.
These characters are very constant.

Alveolina species (?).
(Plate 5, Figure 14.)

A single specimen, apparently a longitudinal section of Alveolina
occurs in sectioned material from U.S.G.S. No. 6949, Simson Bay
Point, St. Martin, Leeward Islands. It occurs with abundant Orbitolites.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 1

•* - '

1. Orthophragrnina antillea, n. sp. Type specimen, X 4. Radiating ribs and central umbonal

mass only shown.

2. Orthopragmina marginata, 11. sp. Type specimen, X 4. Upper marginal portion of specimen

broken away.

3. Lepidocyclina giyas, n. sp. Type specimen, 0.8 natural size. Specimen incomplete.

4 and 5. Lepidocyclina yigas, n. sp. Two smaller specimens from type locality, 0.8 natural size.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 2

1. Rock specimen, 0.8 natural size, made up largely of (a) Lepidocyclina undosa, n. =p., and (6) Hct-
erostcgina antillea, n. sp.

2 and 3. Vertical sections of Orthophragmina antillea, n. sp. X 16.

4. Vertical section of part of central umbonal portion and peripheral flange and thickened peri-
phery of Orthophragmina marginata, n. sp. X 16.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 3

1. Keck specimen. 0.75 natural -ize. made up largely of (a) Lepidoryrlinn u mlnlnta, n. sp., (b) L.

favosa, 11. sp.

2. Reverse of specimen shown in fig. 1.

3. Lepidocyclina antillea, n. sp. Vertical section. X 15.

4. Lepidocyclina parvula, n. sp. Section somewhat oblique, showing two slightly unequal early

chambers, with few chambers following a trace of a spiral arrangement.

5. 6, 7. Lepidocyclina parvula, n. sp. Vertical or slightly oblique sections showing equatorial and

lateral chambers. Figs. 5 and 6, X 15; fig. 7. X 7.5.

8. Lepidocyclina undulata, n. sp. Portion of horizontal section. < 7.5.

9. Lepidocyclina undulatu, n. sp. Portion of vertical ^i-ction. X 7.5.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 4

1. Xinnniuliti-s antillca, n. sp. Photograph of type specimen. X 5. Specimen somewhat en>de, |,

showing traces of chamber walls.

2. Section of portion on A', antillca, n. sp. X 20. At upper right hand are few equatorial cham-

bers of Orthophrafjmina antillca, n. sp.

3. X iiinwiilitcs parvula. n. sp. Accidental weathered specimen.

4. 5, and 6. Vertical section of X. /xiraila, 11. sp. X 20. Figure 4 also shows a vertical section

of a portion of Orthophrafjmina antillca, n. sp., through two radial ribs.
7. Gypsina globultis, Reuss. Transverse section. X 20.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 6

12

11

1. Heterostegina antfllca, n. sp., vertical sections, one

through the proloculum. X 2O.

2. Oblique section of H. antillca, n. sp., showing

some of the chamherlets. X 20.

'•'}. ( 'in- 1>! nt< rin itroti-i/x, n. sp., section through several
chambers. X 20.

4. Lepidocyclina gigas, n. sp., section through a por-
tion of the hexagonal chambers. X 20.

5 and 6. Heterosteginoides antillea, n. sp. X 20.

7. Tc.rtularia sp. Longitudinal section. X 20.

8. Quinqueloculina sp. Incomplete transverse sec-

tion. X 20.

14

9. Spiniliiriili/ia sp. Section of two sp , also

vertical sections of Or&fto
( 'arpenter. < 20.

10. Horizontal section through a fe\v cliainbers of

Orbitolittx <////</. r Carpenter. < 20.

11. Xoiii'iniiin .-p. Section, ; 20, froni Sj

Iiss4, Anguilla.

12. Spiroloculina sp. Transverse section. < 20.

13. Gloliiijrrnia sp. Section. < 20.

14. Aln:iilinii -p. Section. X 20.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 6

1, 2, and 3. Haplostiche dubia var. intermedia, n. var. X 15.

4. Haplostiche dubia var. intermedia, n. var.. horizontal section, showing divisions of the interior.

X 20.

5. Tcxtitlaria barrettii Jones and Parker, end view. X 20.
(j. Textularia barrettii Jones and Parker, front view. X 20.

7. Textularia barrettii Jones and Parker, horizontal section, showing irregular labyrinthic interior.
>>. Cristellaria calcar var. aspinosa, n. var. X 20.
All specimens from the Bowden marl.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 7

.
•*>.' ',

- - " i'

1. Ciinfolina pavonia d'Orbigny. X 12.

L'. Cuneolina pavoniva var. angusta, n. vax. X 12.

3, 4, and 5. Nodosaria vertehralis Battsch. X 12.

6. Orbiculina coinpressa d'Orbigny.

7. Amphistegina lessonii d'Orbigny.

All specimens from the Bowden marl.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 8

i

1. Frondicularia alata d'Orbigny. X 13. From 5. Xutiiunina sp.? X IS. Cuba, Station 6117.

Bowden marl. 6. Rotaliform species. X 18. Cuba, Station

2. Cristellaria bowdenensis, n. sp. X 13. From 7513.

Bowden marl. 7. Limit rina sp.? X 18. Cuba, Station 3448.

3. Globigerina sp.? X 18. Cuba, Station 7664. N. Lindcrhia sp.? < 18. _ Cuba, Station 7666.

4. Polymorphinasp.l X 18. Cuba, Station 7664.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 9

1. Gijpsina globulus var. yjiVam- H. B. Brady. Exterior X 15. From Bowden marl.

2. Gijpsina fjlot/ulus vav. /i/<W/.s H. B. Brady. X 15. Section from Bowden marl.

3. Orthophraymina cubensis, n. sp. Vertical section. X 20. Cuba, Station 3448.

4 and 5. Orthophragmina crassa, n. sp. Vertical sections. X 20. Cuba, Station 612i

6. Orthophragmina pustulata, n. *p. Exterior. X 20. Cuba, Station 3478.

7. Orthophragmina pustulata, n. sp. Sliszhtly oblique section, showing equatorial chambers, pil-

lars, and lateral chambers, X 20. Cuba, Station 3067.

8. Orthophragmina scul i>tnrtita, n. sp. Vertical section. < 20. Cuba, Station 347s.

9. Orthophragmina sculpturata, n. sp. Oblique section, showing rectangular, elongate, equatorial

chambers, large pillars with a single series of lateral chambers, between. X 20.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 10

1. Orthophragmina jntalnlnta, n. sp. Oblique section. X 16. Cuba. Station 34 lv
_'. Section of rock from Cuba, Station 6125, showing vertical sections of Orthophragmina crnssa,
n. sp. (large), O. cubcnsis (small at bottom), and O. subtaramcUci, at risiht. X 16.

3. Section of rock from Cuba, sections of Orthophragmina cubensis. X 16.

4. Section of rock from Cuba, Station 3476, showing several sections of Orthophragmina c>i1n-ti.-<ix,

n. sp. on right and one of O. crassa, n. sp. on left.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 11

Lepidocydina morgani Lemoine and R. Douville. Exterior. < 6. Cuba, Station 7664.
•2. Lepidocydina morgani Lenoire and R' Douville. Vertical section.

3. Lepidocydina morgani Lenoire and R. Douville. Vertical section. _)

4. Lepidocydina crassata, n. sp. Vertical section, X 16. Cuba, Station 75 li

5. Lepidocydina crassata, n. sp. Vertical section, younir. station 752J

1

6. Lepidocydina siibrnulinii. n. sp.

7. Lepidocydina subraulinii, n. sp.

8. Lepidocydina perundosa, n. sp. section. X 8. Cuba, Station 347S.

Exterior. X 4.
Vertical section.

Cuba, Station 3478.
< 8. Cuba, Station 3478.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 12

i- '•*"
1

Tlttf. J

1 and 2. Lepidocyclina marginata (Michelle tti). Exterior. X 4. Cuba, Station 7518.

3 and 4. Lepidocyclina autnatri'ti^is (Brady). Vertical sections. X 16. Cuba, Station 7.316.

5. Lepidocyclina subraitlinii, n. sp. Portion of vertical section. X 16. Cuba, Station 7666.

6. Lepidocyclina sitbraiilinii, n. sp. Portion of oblique section, showing some of the equatorial

and lateral chambers. X 16. Cuba, Station 70(16.

7. Lepidocyclina canvellei var. yurnagunensis, n. var. Portion of horizontal section, showing

several embryonic chambers, a portion of equatorial chambers, and at the side the
lateral chambers. X 16. Cuba, Station 7.54s.

8. Rock section showing numerous nearly vertical sections of Lepidocyclina candid var. yurna-

gunensis, n. var. X 16. Cuba, Station 7548.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 13

1. Aslerigerina angulata, n. sp. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view. X 24. Rio Cana, Zone I .
sterigerina roilmnlutu, n. sp. Apertural view. X 24. Rio Gurabo, Zone G.

3. Asterigerina tuberculata, n. sp. (a) Dorsal view: (6) ventral view; (c) side view. X 24.

Rio Cana, Zone I.

4. Aslerigerina tuberculata, n. sp. Side view of a more truncate specimen from the same

section. X 24.
All specimens from Santo Domingo.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 14

1. Bolivina lobata var. cuhcnsis, n. var. X 80. Matanzas, Cuba, Station 3461.

2. SphcFroidina dehiscens var. immatura, n. var. X 40. Bowden marl, Bowden, Jamaica.

3. V< rte bralina striata d 'Orbigny. X 40. Bowden, Jamaica.

4. Triloculina tricarinata d'Orbigny. X 40. Bowden, Jamaica.

5. Quinqueloculina sp. cf. Q. kerimbatica Heron-Allen and Earland. X 24. Bowden, Jamaica.
0. Quinqueloculina parkeri var. bowdenensis, n. var. X 40. Bowden, Jamaica.

7. Siphonina pulchra, n. sp. (a) Dorsal view; (b) ventral view; (c) apertural view. X 40. Matan-
zas, Cuba, Station 3461.

CUSHMAN

PLATE 1>,

1, 2, and 3. Orthophragmina subtaramellei, n. sp. 1, 2, more regular pentagonal specimens;
3, irregularly hexagonal specimen. X 32. Specimens from Boston manganese
mine, Santiago, Cuba.

4. Lepidocyclina favosa, n. sp., showing central pitted and thickened portion and the doubly

curved test. X 6.

5. Lepiduojclina undulata, n. sp. Fragmentary specimen, showing large size and undulate

character of surface, 0.8 natural size.

III.

FOSSIL BBYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

BY FERDINAND CANU AND RAY S. BASSLER.

With seven plates.

73

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES.

BY FERDINAND CANU AND RAY S. BASSLER.

The paper here presented contains descriptions and illustrations of
West Indian Tertiary Bryozoa submitted to us by Dr. T. W. Vaughan.
The collection from Antigua and Anguilla was made by Doctor
Vaughan; that from Bowden, Jamaica, was made by Messrs. J. B.
Henderson and C. T. Simpson; and that from Santo Domingo was
made by Dr. Carlotta J. Maury. The specimens from Costa Rica and
Panama were obtained by Messrs. MacDonald and Vaughan.

The fossil bryozoan faunas of the West Indies and Central America
are of upper Oligocene and lower Miocene age.

Distribution of Oligocene and lower Miocene Bryozoa of West Indies and Central America.

Species of Bryozoa.

Oligocene.

Lower Miocene.

Miocene and Pliocene.

Recent.

Antigua formation.

Anguilla formation.

Emperador, lime-
stone.

Bowden marl of
Bowden, Jamaica.

Bowden horizon at
Cercado de Mao,
Santo Domingo.

Bowden horizon at
Rio Cana, Santo
Domingo, etc.

Gatun formation
of Costa Rica.

X

X
X

X
X
X

x'

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859

X
X

X

Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Reuss, 1847

Acanthodesia savarti forma monilifera, new form

X

Callopora dumerilii var. lata, n. var

X

Callopora tenella Hincks, 1880

X

X

Ogivalina mutabilis, n. sp

X

X

Nellia oculata Busk 1852

X

X

X

X
X

X

X

X

X

X

Hemiseptella grandicella, n. sp

X

XXXX

Cupuladria umbellata Defrance, 1823

X

X

X

X

Corynostylus labiatus, n. sp

Corvnostylus ellipticus, n. sp

Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909

X

X

X

Thalamoporella biperforata, n sp

X
X

X
X

Steganoporella parvicella, n. sp

X

Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862
Schizopodrella mutabilis, n. sp

X

X

X

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847

X
X

X
X
X

X

X
X

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766

X
X

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842

Gemelliporella punctata, n. sp

X

Hippomenella infratelum, n. sp

X

Hippoporina lata Smitt, 1862

X
X

X
X

Porella bella Busk, 1860 .

Smittina (?) brevis, n. sp

X

Rhamphostomella laticella, n. sp

X

Rhynchozoon vaughani, n. sp

X
X

Metrarabdotos colligatum, n. sp

X

Metrarabdotos lacrymosum, n. sp

X

Adeona porosa, n. sp

X

Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847

X
X
X

X

X

X

Bracebridgia deformis, n. sp

Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873

X

X

X

X

X
X

X

X

Idmonea milneana d'Orbigny, 18?9

X

75

76 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Locality and faunal list.

Oligocene (Emperador limestone) old quarry, one-third mile north of west of Empire, Panama
Canal Zone (loc. No. 6016) :

Ogivalina mutabilis, n. sp. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873.

Oligocene (Antigua formation), Carlisle marl pit, Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6873):
Calpensia impressa Moll, 1803.

Oligocene (Antigua formation), Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6854):
Floridina pyripora, n. sp. Hippoporina lata Smitt, 1862.

Floridina fusifera, n. sp. Porella bella Busk, 1860.

Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and
Horn, 1862.

Oligocene (Anguilla formation), southwest side of Crocus Bay bluffs, uppermost horizon, 125
feet above sea-level, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6967) :

Callopora dumerilli var. lata, n. var. Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and

Floridina pyripora, n. sp. Horn, 1862.

Oligocene (Anguilla formation), southwest side of Crocus Bay, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (loc.
No. 6894) :

Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766.

Oligocene (Anguilla formation), along roadside, Crocus Bay Hill, descent to Crocus Bay from
valley, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6893) :

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842. Ogivalina mutabilis, n. sp.

Lower Miocene (Gatun formation), Banana River, Costa Rica:

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. Stichopoiina tuberosa, n. sp.

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859

Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica:

Steganoporella parvicella, n. sp. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766.

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847.

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. Gemelliporella punctata, n. sp.

Conopeum ovale, n. sp Rhamphostomella laticella, n. sp.

Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Metrarabdotos lacrymosum, n. sp.

Reuss, 1847. Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847.

Callopora tenella Hincks, 1880. Bracebridgia deformis, n. sp.

Hemiseptella grandicella, n. sp. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873.

Thalamoporella biperforata, n. sp. Stichoporina tuberosa, n. sp.

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao (bluff 3), Santo Domingo:

Membranipora vaughani, n. sp. Hippomenella infratelum, n. sp.

Acanthodesia savarti forma monilifera, Schizopodrella (?) mutabilis, n. sp.

new form. Smittina (?) brevis, n. sp.

Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. Rhynchozoon vaughani n. sp.

Cupuladria umbellata Defrance, 1823. Metrarabdotos colligatum, n. sp.

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. Adeona porosa, n. sp.

Steganoporella parvicella, n. sp. Idmonea milneana D'Orbigny, 1839.

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao (bluff 2), Santo Domingo:
Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823.

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Rio Gurabo (zone D), Santo Domingo:

Lunularia species. Thalamoporella biperforata, n. sp.

Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. Labiopora miocenica, n. sp.

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. Stichoporina tuberosa, n. sp.

Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909.

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Rio Cana (zone I), Santo Domingo:

Stichoporina tuberosa, n. sp. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859.

Thalamoporella biperforata, n. sp.

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Rio Cana (zone H), Santo Domingo:
Metrarabdotos colligatum, n. sp.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 77

Class BRYOZOA.

Order CHEILOSTOMATA Busk.

Suborder ANASCA Levinsen.

Group MEMBRANIPORjE Canu and Bassler.

Genus CONOPEUM Norman, 1903.

Conopeum ovale, new species.

(Plate 5, Figure 6.)

The zoarium incrusts shells. The zocecia are oval, elongate, distinct,
separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is wide, flat, almost smooth; the
opesium is elliptical or oval.

Measurements.1 — Opesium: fto = 0.30mm., Zo = 0.15mm.; zoo3cium: L2 = 0.35
mm., lz = Q.25 mm.

Affinities. — The figured specimen is the only one that has been
found and as it is incomplete it is impossible for us to present a detailed
study of the species. The ancestrular zocecia are calcified. A small
avicularium appears to be present between the mural rims of some
zocecia.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica
(very rare).

Genus MEMBRANIPORA Blainville, 1834.

Membranipora vaughani, new species.

(Plate 2, Figure 1.)

Cfr. Membranipora tuberculata Busk, Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Paleontographical Society,
p. 30, plate ii, fig. 1, 1859.

Measurements. — Opesium: ho = 0.32 to 0.36 mm., Zo = 0.22 to 0.24 mm.;
zooecium: 1/2 = 0.40 to 0.44 mm., £2 = 0.32 mm.

The figured specimen is the only one found. It incrusts a small,
very convex mollusc which has deformed the zocecia by its shape.
This is not the species of Busk, 1858, nor that of Bosc, 1830, which it
resembles only in the presence of large interopesial tubercles, but we
can not fully define a new species upon such a minute fragment.

The figured specimen is really too large in its micrometric measure-
ments to be compared with the species figured by Busk, 1859.

Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo
Domingo.

CUPULADRIA, new genus.

Etymology. — Modification of Cupularia.

No ovicell. The zoarium bears vibracula. No gymnocyst.

Genotype. — Cupuladria (Cupularia) canariensis Busk, 1859.

Range. — Miocene-Recent.

The genotype does not belong at all to the genus Cupularia as we
now understand this genus and as it is defined by its type species.
There are neither opesiules nor cryptocyst. Previously, Smitt, in 1872,

1 In the citation of measurements, ho is the length and lo the width of the opesia, Lz and Iz simi-
larly the length and width of the zocecia, Lv and h the same for the vibraculum, Lon and
Ion for the onychocellaria, ha and la for the apertura, etc.

78 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

classified the genotype more correctly in Membranipora, as this genus
was then understood. It can not, however, be maintained in Mem-
branipora, since its significance has been more restricted. We have
therefore been obliged to create a new genus characterized by the
presence of vibracula, although these organs of zoarial adaptation may
not logically furnish good generic characters. We only add a letter to
the primitive term to modify the long synonymy of this species as little
as possible.

This genus differs from Heliodoma Calvet, 1907, in the absence of a
gymnocyst. The absence of an endozocecial ovicell does not permit
it to be confused with either Vibracellina Canu and Bassler, 1917, or
Setosellina Calvet, 1907.

Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859.
(Plate 1, Figures 8 to 10.)

Cupularia canariensis Busk, Monograph fossil Polyzoa of the Crag, Publications Paleonto •

graphical Society, London, XIV, p. 87, plate 13, fig. 2, 1859.
Membranipora canariensis Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales,

Pt. I, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, X, No. 11, p. 10, 1872.
Cupularia canariensis Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de L' Argentina, Premiere

partie. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, tome XVII, p. 275, plate v

figs. 8 to 10 (gives bibliography), 1908.
Cupularia guineensis Norman, The Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Journal

Linnean Society London, Zoology, XXX, p. 289, plate 37, figs. 2 and 6, 1909.
Cupularia canariensis Canu, Contributions a 1'etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, IV, Pliocene

d'Alger, Bulletin Societe Geologique France (4), XIII, p. 124, 128, 1914.
Cupularia guiniensis Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Carnegie Inst.

Wash. Pub. No, 182, p. 194, 1914.
Cupularia canariensis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terraines du Sud-Ouest de la France,

IX, Aquitanien, Bulletin de la Societe Geologique de France (4), XVI, p. 137, plate

in, figs. 4 to 6.

This species may be considered as equatorial. In spite of its geologic
extension, it has never left the tropical zone or its immediate latitudes.
Like Membranipora tuber culata Bosc, 1802, it appears to have been
carried to America by the equatorial current. It is comparatively
rare in our fossils and has never been found north of southern Florida.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Bowden, Jamaica
(rare) ; Rio Gurabo, Rio Cana, and Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo
(rare); lower Miocene (Gatun formation), Banana River, Costa Rica
(rare); Miocene (Choctawhatchee marl), Jackson Bluff, Ochlockonee
River, 25 miles southwest of Tallahassee, Florida (rare) ; upper Pliocene
(Caloosahatchee marl), Monroe County, Florida (rare).

Geological distribution. — Burdigalian of Bordeaux (collection Canu) ;
Helvetian of France (Canu) ; of Spain (De Angelis) ; Tortonian of
Austria-Hungary (Reuss); of Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of Italy
(Manzoni) ; of England (Busk) ; of Spain (De Angelis) ; of Algeria
(Canu); Astian of Italy (Neviani, Canu); Sicilian of Rhodes (Man-
zoni); of Italy (Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Neviani), of Argentina
(Canu) ; Miocene of Australia? (Waters) .

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 79

ACANTHODESIA, new genus.
Greek : a.Kav6i68ris = full of bristles.
The following is a description of this genus:

No ovicell. The opesium is garnished laterally by small spinous processes
and inferiorly by a serrate denticle. 15 tentacles.

Genotype. — Acanthodesia (Flustra) savartii Savigny-Audouin, 1826.

Range. — Lutetian-Recent.

Another species of this new genus is Membranipora limosa Waters,
1908. Waters classified the genotype hi the same group as Mem-
branipora hians Hincks, 1885. This is incorrect, since Flustra savartii
is deprived of opesiules and its large retractor muscle of the polypide
inserted on the median axis of the zocecium assures the symmetry of
the opesium; moreover, there is no ovicell.

The spinous processes are of the same nature as those of the genera
Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909, and Cupularia Def ranee, 1821, but they
are very inconstant; in fact they have not been noted on the recent
specimens, nor are they very frequent on the fossils. On the contrary,
the serrate denticle is rarely found in the fossil examples.

Acanthodesia savartii forma monilifera, new form.
(Plate 2, Figures 2, 3.)

The following is a description of this form:

The zoarium is a tube formed of 8 longitudinal rows of zocecia, incrusting
the radicells of algae. The zocecia are distinct, much elongated, adjacent at
their mural rims, almost rectangular; the mural rim is round, salient, orna-
mented with large, regular beads, arranged like a collar around each zocecium.
The opesium is elongate, elliptical or oval, surrounded and crenulated by large
tuberosities. There is no cryptocyst developed.

Measurements. — Opesium: Ao = 0.34 mm., Zo = 0.18 mm.; zocecium: 1/2 = 0.48
mm., fo=0.28 mm.

This form differs from typical A canthodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin,
1826, which has analogous zocecia, in the presence of granulations on
the mural rim. Often a large tubercle is developed in the interzocecial
angle. But a single specimen of this superb form has been found.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao,
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Acanthodesia savartii forma texturata Reuss, 1847.
(Plate 5, Figures 1 to 5.)

Flustrellaria texturata Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener-Tertiarbeckens, Haidinger'a

naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, II, p. 73, plate ix, fig. 1, 1847.
Biflustra savarti Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, collected by Count L. F. de Pourtales, Part I,

Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, X, No. 11, p. 20, plate iv,

figs. 92 to 95, 1872.
Flustrellaria texturata Manzoni, I Briozoi fossili del Miocene d'Austria ed Ungheria, II Parte

Denkschriften der math, natur. Classe der k. Akademie der Wissenschaften,

XXXVII, 2 Abtheilung, p. 67, plate 13, fig. 43, 1877.

80 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

The following is a description of this form:

The cryptocyst is developed on all the zocecia. No spinous processes. No
tubercles. The zoarium is unilamellar and subcylindrical.

Measurements. — Opesia: Ao = 0.35 mm., to = 0.20 mm.; zooecia: Lz = 0.50
mm., lz = 0.2S mm.

Variations. — The zoarium incrusts fine algse at their bifurcation; it
is therefore unilamellar and subcylindrical.

The zocecia are elongated, ogival, distinct; the mural rim is striated,
salient only in the distal portion ; the cryptocyst is large and concave.
The opesium is elliptical, very finely denticulated anteriorly; it often
bears thin and short spinous processes.

Smitt figured the serrate denticle on the recent specimens; it never
persists on the fossil examples. On the inner face the zocecia are
rectangular.

Affinities. — The presence of the spinous processes differentiates our
specimens from Flustrellaria texturata from the European Tortonian,
which, according to the figures, does not bear them.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Bowden, Jamaica;
Pleistocene or Recent, Vero, Florida.

Geologic distribution. — Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Manzoni);
Recent off Florida (Smitt).

Genus OGIVALINA Canu and Bassler, 1917.

Ogivalina mutabilis, new species.

(Plate 1, Figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are elongated, oval, distinct,
separated by a deep furrow; the mural rim is thin, smooth, rounded; there is
often a small gymnocyst. The opesium is veiy large, irregular, more often
oval. The ovicell is endozooecial, small, little convex. Sometimes there is a
small interzocecial fusiform avicularium (?).

Measurements. — Opesium: ho = QW to 0.70 mm., Zo = 0.30 to 0.45 mm.;
zocecium: Lz = 0.75 to 0.95 mm., Zz = 0.50 to 0.70 mm.

The great irregularity of form and zocecial dimensions of this species
justifies its name. There are some variations which recall those of
Membranipora irregularis Manzoni, 1875,1 which possesses a mural
rim enlarged at the base and also some large interzocecial avicularia.

The present species differs from the splendid Ogivalina eximipora
(Canu and Bassler, 1917) from the middle Jacksonian in its smaller
dimensions, in the absence of cryptocyst, and in the presence of a
gymnocyst. The avicularium (?) is identical in form and position.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Emperador limestone), old quarry, one-third
mile north of west of Empire, Panama Canal Zone, D. F. MacDonald
and T. W. Vaughan, collectors, 1914, loc. No. 6016. Oligocene (Anguilla
formation), southwest side Crocus Bay Hill, Anguilla, Leeward Islands,
T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914, loc. No. 6893.

1 Briozoi del pliocene antico di Castrocaro, Bologna, p. 10, plate 1, figs. 5 and 8, 1875.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 81

Genus CALLOPORA Gray, 1848.

Callopora dumerilii var. lata, new variety.

(Plate 1, Figure 1.)

Membranipora dumerilii Canu, fitude des bryozoaires helvetiens de 1'figypte, Memoires de

1'Institut figyptien, VI, p. 196, plate x, fig. 7 (see for complete bibliography), 1913.
Membranipora dumerilii Levinsen, Mosdyr, Zoologica danica, heft 9, p. 57, plate iv, figs.

22-25, 1894.
Membranipora guernei Jullien, Resultats des campagnes scientifiques du Prince de Monaco,

Fasc. XXIII, Bryozoaires provenant des Campagnes de 1'Hirondelle, XXIII, p. 4,

plate v, fig. 3, 1903.
Callopora dumerilii Norman, On the Polyzoa of Madeira and neighboring islands, Linnean

Society's Journal, Zool., XXX, p. 287, 1909.

This new variety is instituted for the form of this species in which
a certain number of the zocecia have only a single avicularium placed
in front of the opesium, as in the genus Ramphonotus. On these speci-
mens, moreover, there is not a single opesium resembling its neighbor,
but in general the elongated zocecia are less common. For this reason
we have believed that the American Jacksonian and the Anguilla
specimens should be separated as a variety. The differences from the
recent type specimens are slight, the larger size of the opesium measur-
ing 0.25 mm. in the species instead of 0.20 mm. in the variety, being
too small a difference for the erection of a new species.

American occurrence. — Oligocene (Anguilla formation), southwest
side Crocus Bay bluffs, uppermost horizon, 125 feet above sea-level,
Anguilla, Leeward Islands, T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914 (loc. No.
6967) ; middle Jacksonian, Wilmington, North Carolina.

Callopora tenella Hincks, 1880.
(Plate 5, Figure 10.)

Membranipora tenella Hincks, Annals and Magazine Natural History (5), vol. 6, p. 25, plate

xvi, fig. 7, 1880.
Membranipora tenella Jelly, A synonymic catalogue of recent marine Bryozoa, p. 167, 1889.

Affinities. — This species is quite easily recognized by its very thin
mural rim and especially by its small tubercles arranged more or less
symmetrically on the gymnocyst. These tubercles appear to be hollow.

The great geological distribution of this Recent species presupposes
a considerable corresponding geographical distribution, which has not
yet been observed. Osburn did not discover this species in the present
Gulf of Mexico.

The species may perhaps be confused with Callopora dumerilii
Savigny-Audouin, 1826, in which the exterior aspect is quite similar;
it differs from it in the presence of nodules instead of avicularia placed
on the gymnocyst (and not between the opesia).

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

Habitat. — Florida (Hincks) .

82 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Family FARCIMINARIIDjE Busk, 1852.

Genus NELLIA Busk, 1852.

Nellia oculata Busk, 1852.

(Plate 2, Figures 5 to 7.)

Farcimia tenella Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, vol. 2, plate 2,
figs. 26, 27, 1816.

Cellaria tenella Lamarck, Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, ed. 1, 11, p. 135,
1816, 1836.

Cellaria tenella Blainville, Manuel d'Actinologie ou de Zoophytologie, 1834.

Cellaria tenella d'Orbigny, Paleontologie Francaise, Terr. Cretaces, vol. V, p. 28, 1850-52.

Nellia oculata Busk, British Museum Catalogue, I, p. 18, 1852.

Nellia oculata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar,
pt. XI, p. 3, 1873.

Nellia oculata McCoy, Prodromus of the Zoology of Victoria; decade V, p. 51, 1880.

Nellia oculata Haswell, On some Polyzoa from the Queensland Coast, Proceedings Linnean
Society New South Wales, V, p. 36, 1881.

Membraniporina oculata Waters, Fossil Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Muddy Creek,
Victoria, Quarterly Journal Geological Society, tome XXXIX, p. 434, 1883.

Nellia oculata Busk, Report of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, pt. XXX, p. 27, 1884.

Nellia oculata Hincks, On the Polyzoa and Hydroida of the Mergui Archipelago: Journal
Linnean Society, Zoology, XXI, p. 121, 1887.

Nellia oculata MacGillivray, Catalogue of the Marine Polyzoa of Victoria, p. 15 and p. 34, 1887.

Farcimia oculata Waters, Bryozoa from New South Wales, etc., 1, 11, 111, Annals and Maga-
zine Natural History (5), XX, p. 92, 1887.

Nellia tenella Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue, p. 94, 1889.

Farcimia oculata MacGillivray, A Monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria, Transac-
tions Royal Society of Victoria, vol. IV, p. 50, plate 6, figs. 5 to 7, 1895.

Farcimia tenella Canu, Bryozoaires tertiares des environs de Paris, Annales de Paleontologie,
tome III, p. 20, plate 2, figs. 36, 37, 1907.

Nellia tenella Levinsen, Morphologic and Systematic Studies on the Cheilostomatous Bry-
ozoa, p. 120, plate i, fig. 13 (ovicell), 1909.

Farcimia oculata Waters, Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, Journal Linnean Society,
Zoology, XXXI, p. 167, 1909.

Farcimia oculata Canu, Les Bryozoaires helvetiens de 1'figypte, Memoires de 1'Institut
figyptien, VI, p. 191, 1912.

Farcimia oculata Waters, Marine Fauna of British East Africa and Zanzibar, Proceedings
Zoological Society of London, p. 489, plate LXVII, figs. 8, 9, 1913.

Our small fragments are quite sufficient for the determination of this
species. The dimensions of the opesium are not equal on the four
sides, one of which is often larger than the other.

The authors are not in accord as to the name which should be given
to this species. We have adopted that of Busk.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Geological distribution. — Lutetian of the environs of Paris (Canu);
Helvetian of Egypt (Canu); Miocene of Australia (Waters).

This species also occurs in the recent seas off Florida (Smitt) and
the Isle of St. Thomas (Levinsen).

Family OPESIULIDjE Jullien, 1888.

Genus FLORIDINA Jullien, 1881.

Floridina pyripora, new species.

(Plate 1, Figure 2.)

Only two specimens of this species have been collected in the Lee-
ward Islands. These are hardly sufficient for description of a new
Floridina, for polymorphism is the rule in this genus; but we believe

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 83

more specimens will prove this to be a good species. The polypidian
convexity is little salient; the opesiules are large and poorly defined;
the lateral apophyses are very little salient; the general aspect of the
opesium is pyriform. The ovicell is endozooecial, smooth, and salient.

Measurements. — Opesium (including opesiules): ho = 0.20 mm., Zo = 0.22
mm.; zocecium: Lz=0.48 to 0.50 mm., Zz = 0.40 to 0.44 mm.

Floridina antiqua Smitt, 1872, a Recent species in the Gulf of Mexico,
is marked by large lateral denticles and with small opesiules; its aspect
is quite different and its zoarium is not incrusting.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Antigua formation), rare at the Rifle Butts,
Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6854), T. W. Vaughan, collector,
1914. Oligocene (Anguilla formation), rare along the southwest side of
Crocus Bay, Anguilla, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6967), T. W. Vaughan,
collector, 1914.

Floridina fusifera, new species.
(Plate 1, Figure 3.)

The zoarium is incrusting. The zooecia are hexagonal; the crypto-
cyst is larger than the opesium; it is of little depth and is finely granu-
lated; the opesium is trifoliate; the lateral apophyses are very salient;
the opesiules are large and rounded; the polypidian convexity is very
salient and convex. The onychocellarium is large, somewhat con-
stricted laterally, and is provided with a very large orifice. Here and
there are small fusiform avicularia.

Measurements. — Opesium: /io = 0.20 mm., Zo = 0.18 to 0.20 mm.; zoo3cium:
Lz = 0.50 mm., Zz = 0.40 mm.; onychocellarium: opesium = 0.30 by 0.20 mm.;
zoo3cium = 0.60 by 0.36 mm.

There are only four zooecia intact on the single zoarium obtained.
The presence of small fusiform avicularia has appeared to us sufficient
to justify the creation of this new species, this feature never having
been observed in the genus.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Antigua formation), rare at the Rifle Butts,
Antigua, Leeward Islands (loc. No. 6854), T. W. Vaughan, collector,
1914.

Genus LUNULARIA Busk, 1884.

Lunularia species undetermined.

(Plate 2, Figures 15, 16.)

The figured specimen represents a zoarial fragment of a new species
difficult to classify generically. On account of its perforated internal
side it could be a Lunularia. The zooecia on the external side have
indeed the form of that of Lunularia, but the interzocecial vibracula
do not exist.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Rio Gurabo (zone
D), Santo Domingo.

84 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Family CALPENSHD^E Canu and Bassler.

Genus CALPENSIA Jullien, 1888.

Calpensia impressa Moll, 1803.

(Plate 1, Figure 11.)

Eschara impressa Moll, Die Seerinde aus der Ordnung der Pflanzenthiere, Wien, p. 57, plate

II, fig. 9, 1803.

Eschara nobilis Michelin, Iconographie zoophytologie, p. 329, plate 79, fig. 1, 1847.
Membranipora calpensis Busk, Catalogue of the Marine Polyozoa in the Collection of the

British Museum, Cheilostomata, pt. 2, p. 60, plate 104, figs. 5, 6, 1854.
Micropora impressa Waters, On the Bryozoa of the Bay of Naples, Am. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5),

III, p. 1230, 1879.

Micropora impressa Calvet, Bryozoaires marines des cotes de Coise, Travaux de 1'Institut

de Zoologie de l'Universit6 de Montpellier, ser. 2, mem. 12, p. 17, 1902.
Micropora impressa Canu, Bryozoaires fossils de terraines du Sud-ouest de la France, Bull.

Soc. Geologique de France (4), X, p. 844, plate 16, fig. 6 (variety), 1910.
Micropora impressa Mme. Guerin Guanivet, Contribution a 1'etude des Bryozoaires des

cotes armoricaines, I, Travaux scientifique du Laboratoire de Concarneau, III,

p. 5, plate 1, 1911.

The discovery of this species in America was a great surprise, since
it has heretofore been noted only in the Mediterranean area, where its
zoaria occur in great abundance, especially on the African coast. Our
determination is nevertheless an exact one, as we possess so many
specimens for comparison that we should not be mistaken.

The bibliography of this species given by Pergens, Jelly, and Waters
is absolutely false, for they have confounded many distinct species;
Canu noted five of them in 1911. In spite of its antiquity there are no
undoubted references to the species other than those we have given
above.

The zoarium may be incrusting or Eschara-\ike. We have never
observed an ovicell; it may have none. The species therefore belongs
to a special family with Microporina Levinsen, 1909; Diplodidymia
Reuss, Calpensia Jullien, 1888, and Hemiseptella Levinsen, 1909.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Antigua formation), rare in the Carlisle
marl-pit, Antigua, Leeward Islands, T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914,
Locality No. 6873.

Geological distribution. — Helvetian of Brittany, France (Michelin);
Sahelian of Oran (collection Canu); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani).

Habitat. — Mediterranean, Gibraltar, Corsica, Tuscany, Naples,
Adriatic, ^Egean Sea, Tunis, Algeria, Morocco, Atlantic off Brittany.

It abounds at a depth of 25 to 30 meters and is very common at the
depths of 75 to 100 meters.

Genus HEMISEPTELLA Levinsen, 1909.

Hemiseptella grandicella, new species.

(Plate 5, Figure 11.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium incrusts shells. The zocecia are large, elongate, ogival, distinct,
separated by a furrow of little depth; the mural rim is narrow, little salient,
round, finely granulated; the cryptocyst is large, flat, granulated; the opesium
is elongated, elliptical, irregular, and non-symmetrical in the proximal portion.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 85

Measurements. — Opesium: /io = 0.40 mm., Zo = 0.25mm.; zocecia: Lz = 0.65
to 0.70 mm., /z = 0.35 mm.

Affinities. — The group of inferior opesiular spines was certainly
dissymmetrical; trace of the lateral spines is scarcely visible on our
specimens.

This species differs from Hemiseptella denticulata Smitt, 1872, in the
absence of nodosities in the interzooecial angles and in the non-tri-
foliate opesium.

It differs from Hemiseptella tennis Desor, 1848, in the larger micro-
metric measurements and in the more fragile and less numerous spines.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowdenmarl), Bowden, Jamaica (rare).

Hemiseptella lata, new species.
(Plate 2, figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium incrusts Metrarabdotos. The zocecia are distinct, little elon-
gated, wide, subrectangular; the mural rim is thin. The opesium is elliptical
or orbicular, never symmetrical; the cryptocyst is short, little deep, irregular;
the opesiular indentations are represented by two lateral dissymmetric con-
cavities and are often separated by a wide and serrate denticle.

Measurements. — Opesium: /zo = 0.30 mm., Zo = 0.22 to 0.30 mm.; zocecia:
L2 = 0.42 mm., fe = 0.30 to 0.32 mm.

Affinities. — It is always difficult to characterize a species from the
study of a single specimen. Exteriorly the zooecia have the form of
certain zooecia observed in Acanthodesia savartii Savigny-Audouin,
1826; it differs from it in its non-symmetric opesium and in two ope-
siular sinuosities.

This species differs from Biflustra savarti Smitt, 1872, which is not
its perhaps the species of Audouin, in the more constant development of
cryptocyst and in the nature of its zoarium, which does not incrust algae.
The proximal denticle has been clearly observed on these zooecia.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
( Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Genus CUPULARIA Lamouroux, 1821.

Cupularia umbellata Defiance, 1823.
(Plate 1, Figures 5 to 7; Plate 2, Figures 17 to 21.)

Discoporella denticulata Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the Fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary

and Tertiary Formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia (2), V, p. 142, plate 20, fig. 25, 1862.
Cupularia umbellata Canu, Iconographie des Bryozoaires fossiles de 1'Argentine, Anales del

Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, XVII, p. 275, plate v, figs. 4, 5, 1908. (See for

complete bibliography.)
Cupularia umbellata Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles du Sud-ouest de la France, Bulletin de la

Societe Geologique de France (IV), IX, p. 448, 454, plate xvi, figs. 16, 17, 1909.

(Regional bibliography.)
Cupularia lowei Norman, On the Polyzoa of Madeira, Journal Linnsean Society, XXX, p.

290, plate 37, figs. 7-12, 1909.

86 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Cupularia umbellata Canu, fitude comparee des Bryozoaires Helvetians de I'figypte avec lea

Bryozoaires vivants de la Mediterranee et de la Mer Rouge, Memoire de 1'Institut

figyptien, tome VI, fasc. Ill, p. 205, 1913.
Cupularia umbellata Canu, Contributions & 1'etude des Bryozoaires fossiles, Bulletin Societe

Geologique France (IV), XIII, pp. 125, 126, 127, 1913.
Cupularia lowei Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Carnegie Inst. Wash.

Pub. No. 182, p. 194, 1914.

The fossils which are identified as above are rather well preserved
and their determination is easy. The pores of the hydrostatic zocecia
are not radicular. We are ignorant as to why Norman, who is a great
lover of archaic names, has not preserved the name of Defrance. The
figures published by this author and by d'Orbigny are excellent and
leave no doubt as to the identity of the two species.

The specimens from Santo Domingo are quite vigorous. They
represent a variation that is remarkable in the size of the zooecia and
in the aspect of the inner side. The latter does not show the usual
tuberose ribs and the tuberosities are equally distributed on the
zoarial surface. The ancestrula is not always visible; it is often
covered over by a normal zocecium (fig. 19) or replaced by a special
region in which the zooecia are arranged in contrary order (fig. 20).

Measurements. — Opesium: ho = 0.12 mm., Zo = 0.16 mm.; zocecium: 1/2 = 0.44
to 0.50 mm., Zz = 0.34 mm.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Gatun formation), Banana River,
Costa Rica, D. F. McDonald, collector, 1911. Lower Miocene (Bowden
horizon), Bowden, Jamaico, Cercado de Mao (Bluffs 2 and 3) and Rio
Gurabo, Santo Domingo.

This species is almost always associated with Cupuladria canariensis
Busk, 1859. Like the latter, it occurs in the lower Miocene (Alum Bluff
formation) and also the later Miocene and Pliocene of the United States.

Geological distribution. — Aquitanian of Italy (Seguenza, Neviani), of
Bordeaux (Canu) ; Burdigalian of Italy (Seguenza, Canu) of Bordeaux
(Canu); Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza), of Touraine (Canu), of Bor-
deaux (Canu), of Maryland (Ulrich), of Egypt (Canu); Tortonian of
Provence (Canu), of Italy (Seguenza); Plaisancian of England (Busk),
of Italy (Manzoni); Astian of Italy (Neviani, Canu), of Provence
(Canu); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani); Quaternary of Italy (Seguenza),
of Argentina (Canu).

Habitat. — Mediterranean, Atlantic, Canary Islands, and Florida.
It is common in the Gulf of Gascony in the Miocene, but it has now
disappeared from this region.

The species has been dredged at a depth of 11 to 48 meters in
America and from 81 to 113 meters in Madeira.

CORYNO STYLUS, new genus.

No ovicell. The opercular valve articulates on two condyles. The
zooecia are club-shaped and provided with a gymnocyst. The zoarium
is articulate.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 87

Genotype. — Corynostylus labiatus, new species. Lower Miocene.

This genus has no recent equivalent; but its structure is easy to
interpret. The two condyles serve as a hinge for the strongly chitinized
opercular valve. The lower part of the opesium placed below served
evidently as passage for the opesiular fibers attached to the ectocyst.
The deep cavity of the cryptocyst served as a hydrostatic apparatus
for the entrance and exit of the polypide. Like most of the articulated
genera, this one probably was fastened on large mobile algae.

Corynostylus labiatus, new species.
(Plate 2, Figures 11 to 13.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is articulated and formed of long, regular segments. The
segments are compressed, bilamellar, formed of three longitudinal rows of
zooecia on each side. The zocecia are elongate, oval, distinct, rounded in
front, narrowed behind, and are provided with a convex gymnocyst with
large pores; the mural rim is thick, regular, granular. The opesium is elongate,
oval, provided with a proximal, salient lip placed between two rounded
opesiular indentations. The two condyles are quite salient. The cryptocyst
is deep and smooth.

Measurements. — Opesium: ho — Q.12 mm., fo=0.10 mm.; zocecium: Lz = 0.50
mm., lz = 0.2Q to 0.28 mm.

Affinities — The first zooecium of each segment is radicular; it gives
rise to 3 polypidian zooecia.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Corynostylus ellipticus, new species.
(Plate 2, Figures 8 to 10.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is articulated. The segments are formed of two longitudinal
rows of zocecia placed only on one side of the zoarium. The zooecia are dis-
tinct, club-shaped, with long, convex, and porous gymnocyst. The mural
rim is thin and granular. The opesium is elliptical, elongate, surrounded by
a salient rim; the two condyles are large and median. The cryptocyst is deep,
smooth, and small.

Measurements. — Opesium: ho = 0.14 mm., Zo = 0.10 mm.; zooecium: Lz = 0.50
mm., /z = 0.20 to 0.22 mm.

Affinities. — This species differs from Corynostylus labiatus in its
unilamellar segments with only two zocecial rows and in the absence of
a salient lip proximal to the opesium. Only the fragments figured have
been found; they are extremely fragile.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

88 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Family THALAMOPORELLID^E.
Genus THALAMOPORELLA Hincks, 1887.

Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909.
(Plate 2, Figure 14.)

Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, Morphological and Systematic Studies on the Cheilos-
tomatous Bryozoa, p. 188, plate vi a, fig. 1, 2, plate vi, fig. 5, 1909.

Thalamoporella granulata Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida, Carnegie
Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 182, p. 197, fig. 8, 1914.

Measurements. — Opesium: ho = 0.lQ to 0.18 mm., Zo = 0.16 to 0.18 mm.;
zooecium: 1/2 = 0.80 mm., Zz = 0.50 mm.

Affinities. — We possess only a small fragment consisting of two
zooecia; we are not certain, therefore, of our determination, as this has
been made almost entirely on the micrometric measurements.

The opesium is oval, the point above; the cryptocyst is granulated;
the mural rim has a width of 0.08 mm. and is granulated transversely.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Rio Cana, Santo
Domingo.

Habitat. — Andaman or Nicobar Islands? (Levinsen); Tortugas
Islands, Florida (Osburn).

Thalamoporella biperforata, new species.
(Plate 6, Figures 10 to 15.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is bilamellar. The zooecia are elongate, distinct, rectangular;
the mural rim is thin, salient, beveled, and bears two hollow tubercles on each
side of the aperture. The cryptocyst is deep, flat, ornamented with large,
widely spaced pores and with numerous small pores closely placed together;
the opesiules are very large, far distant from the aperture, placed symmetri-
cally, but very unequal in size. The apertura is transverse, oval; the proximal
border is always concave and the polypidian tube is limited by two small
lateral indentations. The reticulocellarium is large, quite elongate; its cryp-
tocyst is perforated by two opesiules; the opesium bears two lateral denticles
serving as pivot to the corneous onychocellarium.

Measurements. — Opesium of zocecium: /io = 0.10 to 0.12 mm., £0 = 0.14 mm.;
zooecium: Lz = 0.54 to 0.60 mm., fe = 0.34 to 0.40 mm.; opesium of onycho-
cellarium: /io = 0.24 mm., Zo = 0.12 mm.; onychocellarium: Lo = 0.90 mm.,
Zo = 0.30mm.

Affinities. — The oral tuberosities are quite variable in size; they are
often replaced by two fossettes.

This species is characterized by its onychocellarium, which resembles
that of Thalamoporella granulata Levinsen, 1909, figured by Osburn,
1914. It differs, however, in the very different oval form of its aper-
ture and in the presence of oral tuberosities.

In its tuberosities this species is quite close to Thalamoporella
rozieri Savigny-Audouin, 1826. It differs from it in the form of its
onychocellarium provided with two opesiules, which are not figured by
Levinsen in the numerous drawings which he has given.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 89

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
and Rio Cana, Santo Domingo, and Bowden, Jamaica.

Family STEGANOPORELLID^E Levinsen, 1909.
Genus STEGANOPORELLA Smitt, 1873.
Steganoporella parvicella, new species.
(Plate 6, Figures 6 to 9.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is unilamellar, incrusting algse or bryozoa. The zocecia are
distinct, elongate, separated by a shallow furrow; the mural rim is thin,
salient, finely granular. The cryptocyst is finely porous; the opesium is
irregular or semilunar, a little elongate; the polypidian tube forms a rect-
angular surface, salient and excentric between the two dissimilar opesiular
indentations. The large zocecia (5) are provided with a large distal floor, and
the polypidian tube is almost median.

Measurements. — Opesium of small zocecia: /io = 0.34 to 36 mm., Zo = 0.16
to 0.30 mm.; small zocecia (a): 1/2 = 0.50 to 0.76 mm., £2 = 0.50 mm.; opesium
of large zocecia (6): Ao = 0.24 to 0.30 mm., Zo = 0.36 to 0.40 mm.; large zocecia
(5): 1/2 = 1.00 to 1.10 mm., fe = 0.44 to 0.56 mm.

Affinities. — The dimensions are quite variable, but they are always
smaller than those of Steganoporella magnilabris Busk, which this
species resembles in all its other characters.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo, and Bowden, Jamaica.

Family ASPIDOSTOMDXS; Canu, 1908.
Genus LABIOPORA Levinsen, 1909.

No ovicell; distinct, raised margins; frontal wall of polypidian tube not
quadrangular and not surrounded by projecting flanges. Polypide tube bila-
biate, on either side connected with the lateral wall by a vertical calcareous
lamina; multiporous septulse.

Genotype. — Ldbiopora crenulata Levinsen, 1909, Recent.

Labiopora miocenica, new species.
(Plate 6, Figure 1.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is unilamellar. The zocecia are elongate, distinct, rectangular;
the mural rim is quite thin, round. The cryptocyst is little deep, flat, and
formed of a tremocyst superposed on an olocyst perforated with corresponding
pores. The opesium is transverse, terminal, or placed at the base of a funnel,
formed by the much-developed vestibular arch. The polypidian tube is
visible, wide, median.

Measurements. — Opesium: fto = 0.10 mm., Zo = 0.24 to 0.28 mm.; zocecium:
1/2 = 0.50 to 0.64 mm., Zz = 0.32 to 0.34 mm.

Affinities. — This new species differs from Labiopora crenulata Levin-
sen, 1909, in the wide form of the zooecia and in its transverse opesium.
The only fragment found has been figured.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Rio Gurabo, Santo
Domingo.

90 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Family CREBRILINID/E Hincks, 1880.

Genus PUELLINA Jullien, 1886.
Pueilina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862.

(Plate 1, Figure 12.)

Reptescharella carolinensis Gabb and Horn, Journal Academy Natural Science, Philadelphia,
5, p. 136, plate 19, fig. 18, 1862.

This variety is characterized by its smooth peristome, without
tuberosities, and by the small canal of the avicularium, which is larger
than in the type.

In reality the spines have not disappeared; on the perfect specimens
they are still visible; but they never have the size and importance of
those which decorate the type. The zocecia are a little larger and have
16 costules.

Occurrence. — Jacksonian of South Carolina and Alabama; Vicks-
burgian of Alabama; Oligocene (Anguilla formation), southwest side
of Crocus Bay Bluff, 125 feet above sea-level, Anguilla (loc. No. 6967) ;
Oligocene (Antigua formation), Rifle Butts, Antigua (loc. No. 6854),
T. W. Vaughan, collector.

Family ESCHARELLIDJ2 Levinsen, 1909.

Genus SCHIZOPODRELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.

Schizopodrella (?) mutabilis, new species.

(Plate 6, Figures 3 to 5.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is unilamellar, tubular; it incrusts the fine radicells of alga.
The zocecia are little distinct, elongate, elliptical; the frontal is little convex,
surrounded by areolar pores and garnished with some large tremopores. The
apertura is elongate, oval, with a wide rimule separated from the anter by two
salient condyles.

Measurements. — Apertura: ha = 0.lS to 0.20 mm., Za = 0.12 mm.; zocecium:
1/2 = 0.70 mm., Zz = 0.34 mm.

Affinities. — The very thick incrustation of the tremocyst renders the
aspect of the species quite changeable and sometimes absolutely un-
recognizable.

We have not discovered the ovicell, so the classification naturally
remains doubtful.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Schizopodrella unicornis Johnston, 1847.

Lepralia unicornis Johnston, History of British Zoophytes, ed. 2, p. 320, plate 57, fig. 1, 1847.

Schizoporella unicornis Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 238, plate 35, figs. 1-5, 1880.

Schizoporella unicornis Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa, p. 236, 1889.
(General bibliography.)

Schizoporella unicornis Canu, Bryozoaires fossiles des Terrains du Sud-ouest de la France,
Bulletin de la Societe g6ologique de France, p. 516, 1906. (Bibliography.)

Schizoporella unicornis Osburn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, p. 205, 1914. (Ameri-
can bibliography.)

Schizoporella subyuadrata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 420,
plate 114, fig. 1; plate 118, figs. 5, 6, 1904.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 91

This species may easily be confused with Stylopoma spongites Pallas,
1766; it is distinguished from it by the wide, proximal sinus of its
aperture and by the quite different form of its ovicell.

At Bowden we have found only a single specimen, but we are quite
certain of its determination.

This recent species, which is abundant throughout the European
Tertiary, is on the contrary very rare in America; but its geologic
distribution there appears to be almost identical.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

Geologic distribution. — In Europe since the Stampian; in America,
Miocene of Maryland (Ulrich). We have also discovered it in the
Miocene at Wilmington, North Carolina, and Muldrow's Mills, South
Carolina.

Habitat.- — Atlantic, Mediterranean.

Genus STYLOPOMA Levinsen, 1909.

Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766.

(Plate 1, Figure 13.)

Cellepora informata Lonsdale, Report on the Corals from the Tertiary Formations of North
America, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, I, p. 505, fig. 0, 1845.

Hippothoa spongites Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, part I, Kongl. Svenska, Ventenskaps-Akade-
miens Handlingar, X, No. 11, p. 42, plate vni, fig. 161, 162, 163, 1872.

Schizoporella informata Ulrich and Bassler, Maryland Geological Survey, Miocene, p. 419,
plate 114, figs. 6-10, 1904.

Affinities and variations. — The specimen from the Anguilla forma-
tion certainly represents the narrow variation of this species. It is
incrusting a sponge. At Bowden we have found only a single specimen.

The apertura is quite characteristic ; the sinus is rectilinear and quite
narrow; the tongue of the operculum which covers it is rigid.

This species is one of the more common of the American species of
the Miocene and Pliocene. Its geographic distribution was limited by
the equator and 40° parallel. Like Callopora tenella, it is now living
in the waters off Florida.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica
(very rare); Oligocene (Anguilla formation), southwest side of Crocus
Bay, Anguilla, Leeward Islands, T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914, loc.
No. 6894.

Habitat. — Florida (Smitt, Osburn).

Genus STEPHANOSELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.

Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842.
(Plate 1, Figures 16 to 18.)

Eschara biaperta Michelin, Iconographie zoophytologie, p. 330, 1842.

Hippothoa biaperta Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. II, Kongl. Svenska, Vetenskaps-Akad.

Handlingar, X, p. 46, plate vni, figs. 173-176, 1873.
Schizoporella biaperta Robertson, The Incrusting Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the West Coast

of North America, Univ. California Pub. IV, No. 5, p. 287, plate 19, fig. 41, 1908.

(General bibliography.)
Schizoporella biaperta Osburn, Bryozoa of Tortugas Islands, Carnegie Inst. Wash., Pub.No.

182, p. 207, 1914. (Regional bibliography.)

92 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

The fossil specimens from Anguilla closely resemble Smitt's figures
173 and 175.

American occurrence. — Oligocene (Anguilla formation), rare along
the roadside, descent to Crocus Bay from Valley, Anguilla, Leeward
Islands, loc. 6893, T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914.

Geological distribution. — Helvetian of Italy (Seguenza), of Sardinia
(Neviani), of Touraine (Michelin); Zanclean of Italy (Seguenza);
Sahelian of Oran (collection Canu); Plaisancian of England (Busk), of
Italy (Manzoni); Sicilian of Italy (Neviani, Waters); Quaternary of
Italy (Neviani); Miocene of Australia (Waters, MacGillivray).

Habitat. — Very cosmopolitan, even to the polar regions. It has been
dredged to a depth of 245 meters, but in Florida it lives at a depth of
15 to 97 meters.

Genus GEMELLIPORELLA Canu and Bassler.

Gemelliporella punctata, new species.

(Plate 5, Figures 7 to 9.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is free, cylindrical, bifurcated. The zocecia are very little
distinct, elongate, convex; the frontal is granular and surrounded with areolar
pores and is sometimes covered with punctations of pleurocystal origin. The
aperture is oval, elongate, formed of a large semilunar anter and of a wide
proximal sinus. The ovicell is deeply embedded in the distal zocecium, little
salient, closed by the operculum, ornamented by an orbicular and very
fragile frontal area.

Measurements. — Apertura: ha=Q.l7 mm., Za = 0.10 mm.; zocecia: 1/2 = 0.55
mm., /2 = 0.40 to 0.45 mm.

Affinities. — The punctations of the frontal are quire variable; there
is not a single zocecium similar to another. In a better preserved state
we think that each zocecium is surrounded with areolar pores irregular
in size and spacing. The frontal is a thick and compact olocyst,
covered by a pleurocyst which is granular or punctured with large pores
which do not perforate the zocecial walls. Unfortunately we have not
been able to confirm this exterior aspect by sections.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica
(rare).

Genus HIPPOMENELLA Canu and Bassler, 1917.

Hippomenella infratelum, new species.

(Plate 6, Figure 2.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is a narrow Eschara borne on an expanded base. The zocecia
are elongate, distinct, elliptical; the frontal is convex, surrounded by a line of
small areolar pores and formed of a pleurocyst very finely granulated. The
apertura is elliptical, elongate, with two very small cardelles. The avicularium
is salient, elliptical, with pivot placed on the line of pores in the lower part of
the zocecium.

Measurements. — Apertura: ha = 0.16 to 0.20 mm., Za=0.14 mm.; zocecium:
Lz = 0.60 to 0.70 mm., Zz=0.40 to 0.50 mm.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 93

Affinities. — The only specimen found has been figured. The species
is absolutely characterized by its elliptical avicularium placed inferiorly,
a character which does not exist in the other species of the genus. We
have observed a rather rare case of regeneration of a zooecium by an
avicularium (zr).

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Genus HIPPOPORINA Neviani, 1895.

Hippoporina lata Smitt, 1862.

(Plate 1, Figure 14.)

Gemellipora lata Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. I, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens
Handlinger, X, No. 11, p. 36, plate 7, fig. 157, 1872.

This Recent species was described from specimens from the Floridan
waters and the species itself is confined to this region. A very mediocre
fossil specimen of doubtful determination has been found in the strata
of Antigua.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Antigua formation), Rifle Butts, Antigua,
Leeward Islands, T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914, loc. No. 6854.

Family SMITTINID^E Levinsen, 1909.

Genus SMITTINA Norman, 1903.

Smittina (?) brevis, new species.

(Plate 2, Figure 22.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is bilamellar, with fronds somewhat compressed. The zocecia
are little distinct, elongate, elliptical; the frontal is convex and very short,
and it bears below a large salient avicularium with rounded beak. The
apertura is elliptical and deep. The ovicell is globular, little salient, orna-
mented by a fragile circular area; it opens into the peristomie.

Affinities. — This species is quite unique and difficult to classify. We
have put it in Smittina because the ovicell opens into the peristomie
formed by the thickening of the frontal walls; but it does not really
belong to this genus, because it has no lyrula nor oral avicularium and
because the apertura is not semilunar.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao,
Santo Domingo.

Genus PORELLA Gray, 1848.
Porella bella Busk, 1860.
(Plate 1, Figure 15.)

Lepralia bella Busk, Quarterly Journal Microscopical Science, VIII, plate xxvn, figs.

2, 3, 1860.
Escharella landsborovi Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. II, Kongl. Seven. Vet. Akad. Hand., XI,

No. 3, p. 60, plate x, figs. 201, 202, 1873.
Smittia bella Hincks, British Marine Polyzoa, p. 352, plate 42, figs. 9, 10, 1880.

94 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

We are not certain that Busk's species is identical with that of Smitt,
as the former author represents it, but evidently the characters of the
Antigua fossil, although poorly preserved, are in harmony with Smitt's
figures. The measurements of this fossil are : Apertura : ha = 0. 16 mm.,
Za = 0.20 mm.; zocecia; ^ = 0.90 mm., Zz = 0.70 mm.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Antigua formation), Rifle Butts, Antigua,
Leeward Islands.

Habitat. — Shetland Islands, waters off Florida (185 meters).

Genus RHAMPHOSTOMELLA Lorenz, 1886.

Rhamphostomella laticella, new species.

(Plate 5, Figure 12.)

The figured specimen is the only one found; it is unfortunately
incomplete and worn and does not permit a detailed description. It
incrusts a shell; the areolar costules are rare or little visible. The oral
avicularium is quite large, oblique, the point directed towards the
bottom.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica
(very rare).

Genus RHYNCHOZOON Hincks, 1891.

Rhynchozoon vaughani, new species.
(Plate 2, Figure 23; Plate 4, Figures 1, 2.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is unilamellar. The zocecia are large, distinct, hexagonal or
claviform; the frontal is smooth, convex, surrounded by a line of small scat-
tered areolar pores. The apertura is large, suborbicular, with a wide proximal
rimule; the peristomie is deep and widened; the very irregular peristome
bears some large tubercles; the false rimule is compressed between two large
tuberosities, one of which bears an oral avicularium transversely arranged.

Measurements. — Apertura: /ia = (?), Za = 0.20 mm.; zocecia: 1/3 = 0.60 mm.,
te = 0.50 mm.

Affinities. — This species differs from Rhynchozoon solidum Osburn,
1914, which it much resembles, in its much larger micrometric measure-
ments and in the absence of the small frontal avicularium.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo (very rare).

Family ADEONID^E Jullien, 1903.

Genus ADEONA (Lamouroux, 1816) Levinsen, 1909.

Adeona porosa, new species.

(Plate 6, Figures 22, 23.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is free, bilamellar. The zocecia are little distinct, very elongate,
separated by a hardly visible, salient thread; the frontal is porous, little

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 95

convex, surrounded by areolar, parietal pores, of which one is larger than the
others. The ascopore is large, orbicular, median. The apertura and peris-
tomice are semilunar, with the proximal border somewhat concave. The
gonoecia have two very large symmetrical, areolar pores and irregular, oral
gibbosities. The avicularian zocecia have their opesia arranged on the lower
part of a pyriform area, calcified and deep.

Measurements. — Apertura: /ia = 0.12 mm., Za = 0.12 mm.; zocecia: 1/2 = 0.60
mm., fc = 0.30 mm.

Affinities. — As we possess only the figured fragment, the study of
this species is necessarily incomplete. The species is very peculiar
one, for there is no other one provided with a porous frontal and oral
gibbosities at the goncecia.

It is to be noted that this genus has disappeared from the waters of
the Gulf of Mexico. In the family Adeonidse, only the genus Adeonel-
lopsis has survived.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo.

Adeona heckeli Reuss, 1847.

Cellepora heckeli Reuss, Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiar-beckens, Haidinger'a

naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen, II, p. 85, plate 10, fig. 10, 1847.

Lepralia violacea Johnston, A History of the British Zoophytes, p. 325, plate 57, fig. 9, 1849.
Multiporina umbilicata Gabb and Horn, Monograph of the Fossil Polyzoa of the Secondary

and Tertiary Formations of North America, Journal Academy of Natural Sciences

of Philadelphia (2), V, p. 145, plate 20, fig. 27, 1862.

Microporella violacea Hincks, History of the British Marine Polyzoa, p. 216, 1880.
Adeona violacea Osborn, The Bryozoa of the Tortugas Islands, Florida Carnegie Inst. Wash.

Pub. No. 182, p. 199, 1914.

Of this species we have found only a single specimen in the Bowden
marl which is moderately well preserved.

This fossil, rather abundant in the European Miocene and Pliocene,
is, on the contrary, quite rare in America.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

Geological distribution. — European Miocene and Pliocene; Miocene
of North Carolina and Virginia ; Pliocene of Shell Creek, Florida.

Habitat. — Atlantic and Mediterranean. In Florida this species was
dredged at a depth of 56 to 97 meters. Osburn collected it at a depth
of 8 to 29 meters in the region of the Tortugas. Finally Verrill noted it
from the Bermudas.

Family HIPPOPODINID^: Levinsen, 1909.

Genus METRARABDOTOS Canu, 1914.

Metrarabdotos colligatum, new species.

(Plate 4, Figures 3 to 12.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is free, bilamellar, attached to algae by a small, expanded base
and bent upward like a crank; the fronds are large, bifurcated, but narrow.
The zocecia are distinct, separated by a salient thread, long and narrow; the

96 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

frontal is smooth, convex, surrounded by a line of large areolar pores often
separated by short costules. The apertura is suborbicular; the peristomice is
oval with a proximal pseudorimule. There are sometimes two quite incon-
stant, small, oral avicularia. The ovicell is endozocecial, enormous, borne
by a considerably enlarged zocecium; the frontal is garnished with radiating
and granulated costules.

Measurements. — Young zocecia: apertura, /ia = 0.14 mm., Za = 0.12 mm.;
zocecia: 1/2 = 0.60 mm., Zz = 0.28 to 0.30 mm.; old zocecia: apertura, /ia = 0.24
mm., Za = 0.16 mm.; zocecia: 1/2 = 0.70 mm., Zz = 0.24 to 0.30 mm.

Affinities. — The genus Metrarabdotos contains more species in
America than in Europe. The present species differs from Metrarab-
dotos moniliferum Milne-Edwards, 1836, common in the French
Miocene, in its granulated costules on the ovicell, in the absence of a
pseudo lyrule at the peristomice, and in the absence of oral avicularia.

It differs from Metrarabdotos grandis of the Vicksburgian, which
also forms large fronds, in its greater zocecial width, and in much less
deep intercostular spaces of the ovicell.

The species is quite variable and we have figured the principal
variations.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), and Rio Cana (Zone H), Santo Domingo.

Metrarabdotos lacrymosum, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 1 to 10.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is free, bilamellar, bifurcated, narrow, with rectangular fronds,
and fastened by a little expanded base. The zocecia are distinct, little elongate,
rectangular, surrounded by large areolar pores more or less separated by the
costules. The apertura is oblique, semielliptical, divided in front by a rounded
and perforated sinus. The ovicelled zocecia are quite wide; the ovicell is
endozocecial; it is little salient, finely punctate, and ornamented with inter-
areolar costules. On each side of the apertura there are two large, triangular,
salient avicularia with their point directed above.

Measurements. — Apertura: ha = 0.18 mm., Za = 0.14 mm.; zocecium: 1/2 = 0.70
to 0.74 mm., £2 = 0.28 to 0.30 mm.

Affinities. — The characteristics of this species are the two large, oral
avicularia which hang from each side of the aperture like two large
tears. They are very irregular.

This species differs from Metrarabdotos colligatum from the same
geological horizon in its little-expanded and non-prehensile base, in
its non-claviform fronds, and in the presence of large, oral avicularia.

It differs from Metrarabdotos moniliferum Milne-Edwards, 1838, in
its much less costulated ovicell and in the absence of a spine in the oral
sinus.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica
(common).

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 97

Genus BRACEBRIDGIA MacGillivray, 1886.

Bracebridgia deformis, new species.

(Plate 3, Figures 11 to 16.)

The following is a description of this species :

The zoarium is free, bilamellar, compressed, bifurcated. The zocecia are
distinct, elongate, separated by a deep furrow, claviform or elliptical; the
peristomice is oval or elliptical ; an oblique avicularium is buried in the peris-
tomie; the apertura (visible only from the interior) is semilunar; the frontal
is surrounded by areolar, parietal pores, and on the old zorecia it bears a large
pore which does not perforate the wall.

Measurements. — Peristomice: hpie = Q.15 mm., Ipie = 0.l2 mm.; zocecium:
1/2 = 0.45 to 0.60 mm., fe = 0.25 to 0.30 mm.

Affinities. — This species has the exterior aspect of an Adeonellopsis.
The large frontal pore, however, is not a perforated area; it is invisible
in the interior, and its nature is unknown. The few specimens which
we have studied were, it is true, rather poorly preserved.

The peristomial avicularium is rarely visible at the exterior; it is,
on the contrary, quite constant in the interior. This interior is that
of Bracebridgia; it is, therefore, indeed in this genus that it must be
classified, but it is a deformed Bracebridgia.

The presence of a large frontal pore clearly characterizes this species,
and it clearly differentiates it from the other known species of the same
genus.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica
(rare).

Fanuly CELLEPORID^E Busk, 1852.

Genus HOLOPORELLA Waters, 1909.

Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873.

(Plate 1, Figure 19; Plate 7, Figures 9 to 14.)

Discopora albirostris Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, pt. II, Kongl. Svenska. Vetenskaps-Akade-
miens Handlingar, XI, No. 4, p. 70, plate 12, figs. 233 to 239, 1873.

Cellepora albirostris Jelly, A Synonymic Catalogue of the Recent Maiine Bryozoa, p. 45,
1889. (See for complete bibliography.)

Holoporella albirostris Osburn, Bryozoa of Tortugas Islands, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No.
182, p. 215, 1914.

Of the two specimens of this species which have been collected at
Panama and at Anguilla one corresponds to Smitt's figure 237 and the
other to figure 238.

This species is one of the more common among the American fossils.
The Recent specimens are quite variable in aspect ; the polymorphism
of the fossils is also quite remarkable on account of alterations.

The avicularian beak is not as complete and well-developed as on the
immersed zocecia. It is quite often absent on the superficial zocecia.

The interzocecial avicularium is spatulate; its distribution on the
zoaria is very irregular.

The frontal is an olocyst bordered with areolar pores.

98 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Occurrence. — Oligocene (Emperador limestone), old quarry one-third
mile north of west of Empire, Panama Canal Zone, D. F. MacDonald
and T.W.Vaughan, collectors, 1911 (loc. No. 6016) ; Oligocene (Anguilla
formation), southwest side of Crocus Bay, Anguilla, Leeward Islands,
T. W. Vaughan, collector, 1914 (loc. No. 6894) ; lower Miocene (Bow-
den marl), Bowden, Jamaica (common).

Geological distribution. — Miocene of Australia and New Zealand
(Waters).

Habitat. — Atlantic off Florida ; Pacific off Australia. Specimens have
been dredged off Australia to a depth of 121 meters. Smitt in Florida
has discovered them between 40 and 56 meters, but Osburn states that
the species abounds at a depth of 24 meters.

Family CONESCHARELLINIDJE Levinsen, 1909.

Genus STICHOPORINA Stoliczka, 1862.

Stichoporina tuberosa, new species.
(Plate 1, Figures 20 to 23; Plate 6, Figures 16 to 19; Plate 7, Figures 1 to 8.)

The following is a description of this species:

The zoarium is free, conical, hollow, with very thick walls. The peri-
stome is salient, ornamented with small tuberosities; it bears one or two small
elliptical avicularia with bar or denticles. The apertura is elliptical, elon-
gated, hidden at the base of a short peristomie; it is formed of a large semi-
elliptical anter and of a small concave poster, separated by two small, salient
cardelles. The ovicell is large, somewhat salient, convex; it is hyperstomial
and always closed by the operculum. A salient, elliptical avicularium, with
two denticles serving as pivot, is placed at the base of each zooecium; it
deforms the adjacent peristomes. The inner side is tuberose and bears very
large pores arranged in quincunx. On the lower face there are large pores
surrounded by very small ones.

Measurements. — Apertura: ha = 0.14 mm., la = 0.10 mm. ; zooecium : Lz = 0.30
mm., Zz = 0.30 mm.; opesium of avicularium: ho = O.W mm., Zo = 0.06 mm;,
avicularium: Lav = 0.20 mm., lav = 0.12 mm.

This is a very elegant species characterized by its peristomial
tuberosities. The ancestrula is visible only in the interior of the
zoarium; it is covered exteriorly by the first zocecia. All the zocecia
are separated from each other by small canals which appear to end in
the large, inferior pores.

The oral tuberosities are hollow. The pores of the internal cavity
are avicularia of which the pivot is formed by two denticles; they are
analogous with those of the external face (inferior).

The internal face (and upper) bears also large cavities which we
believe to be hydrostatic cavities; but it must be proved that the
ectocyst is resistant enough to confine an equal amount of water. We
must suppose also that these cavities are intended to counterbalance
the irregularities of calcification and to assure the perfect equilibrium
of the zoarial system.

FOSSIL BRYOZOA FROM THE WEST INDIES. 99

This species must not be confounded with Mamillopora cupula
Smitt, 1872. It differs from it in its ovicell, which is not bilobate, and
in its ovarian zocecia, which are not larger than the others.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Gatun formation), Banana River,
Costa Rica, D. F. McDonald, collector, 1911 ; lower Miocene (Bowden
horizon), Rio Gurabo (zone D), Rio Cana (zone I), and Cercado de
Mao, Santo Domingo; Bowden, Jamaica.

Order CYCLOSTOMATA Busk.
Family TUBULIPORID^E Johnston, 1838.

Genus IDMONEA Lamouroux.

Idmonea milneana d'Orbigny, 1839.

(Plate 6, Figures 20, 21.)

Idmonea milneana d'Orbigny, Voyage dans 1'Amerique meridionale, V, pt. 4, p. 20, plate 9,

figs. 17 to 21, 1839.

Idmonea grateloupi d'Orbigny, Paleontologie franchise, Bryozoaires cretacees, p. 729, 1852.
Idmonea milneana Smitt, Floridan Bryozoa, p. 8, plate in, figs. 14-19, 1872.
Idmonea milneana Canu, Bryozoaires tertiares des environs de Paris, Annales de Pal6on-

tologie, III, p. 125, plate 14, figs. 11-13, 1908. (Cites bibliography.)
Idmonea milneana Canu, Bryozoaires du Sud-Ouest de la France, Bulletin de la Soci6t4

Geologique de la France (4), VIII, p. 386, I, p. 451, 1908.

Our small specimen is not very well preserved, but we feel perfectly
certain of it, because we know all its fossil variations. It is evident,
however, that such a determination is always subject to revision.

Occurrence. — Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao,
Santo Domingo.

Geological distribution. — Ypresian of England (Gregory) ; Lutetian of
Bavaria (Koschinsky), of Paris (Canu), of the Ariege (Canu) ; Auversian
of Biarritz (Canu) ; Latdorfian of Latdorff (Stoliczka) ; Stampian of
Germany (Reuss) ; Tortonian of Austria-Hungary (Reuss) ; Sicilian of
Italy (Seguenza); Quaternary of Italy (Seguenza).

Habitat. — Cosmopolitan in both hemispheres. In Florida it has been
dredged between 26 and 109 meters.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE 1.

FIG. 1. Callopora dumerilli var. lata, n. var. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 20. Most of

the zooecia have a single avicularium in front of the opesium. Oligocene (Anguilla

formation). Southwest side Crocus Bay Bluffs, Anguilla, Leeward Islands.
FIG. 2. Floridina pyripora, n. sp. Surface of the type, X 20, showing the large, poorly defined

opesiules and the pyriform aspect of the opesium. Oligocene (Antigua formation),

Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward jslands.
FIG. 3. Floridina fttsifera, n. sp. The type specimen, X 20, exhibiting large, rounded opesiules

and prominent polypidian convexity in the few zocecia intact. Oligocene (Antigua

formation), Rifle Butts, Antigua, Leeward Islands.
FIG. 4. Ogivalina mutabilis, n. sp. The type specimen, X 20, with large irregular opesia, small

ovicell, small gymnocyst, and one zooecium with a fusiform avicularium. Oligocene

(Anguilla formation), Crocus Bay Hill, Anguilla, Leeward Islands.
FIG 5-7. Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1823. (See also plate 2, figs. 17-21.) (5) Two zoaria,

natural size; (6) celluliferous convex surface, X 20; (7) concave surface, X 20.

Lower Miocene (Gatun formation), Banana River, Costa Rica.
FIGS. 8-10. Cupuladria canariensis Busk, 1859. (8) Two zoaria, natural size; (9) celluliferous

convex surface, X 20; (10) concave surface, X 20. Lower Miocene (Gatun forma-
tion), Banana River, Costa Rica.
FIG. 11. Calpensia impressa Moll, 1803. Surface of an incrusting zoarium, X 20. Oligocene

(Antigua formation), Carlisle marl-pit, Antigua, Leeward Islands.
FIG. 12. Puellina radiata carolinensis Gabb and Horn, 1862. Gabb and Horn's illustration of

this variety. Eocene (Jacksonian) of South Carolina.
FIG. 13. Stylopoma spongites Pallas, 1766. Several zooecia, much enlarged (Smitt's figures of

Hippothoa spongites). Recent, Gulf of Mexico.
FIG. 14. Hippoporina lata Smitt, 1862. View of several zocecia much enlarged (after Smitt).

Recent, Gulf of Mexico.
FIG. 15. Porella bella Busk, 1860. Smitt's illustration of Escharella landsborovi. Recent, Gulf

of Mexico.
FIGS. 16, 17. Stephanosella biaperta Michelin, 1842. Two views of this species (after Smitt).

Recent, Gulf of Mexico.
FIG. 18. Photograph, X 20, of a specimen from Anguilla. Oligocene (Anguilla formation),

Crocus Bay Hill, Anguilla, Leeward Islands.
FIG. 19. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873. (See also plate 7, figs. 9-14.) Several zocecia much

enlarged (after Smitt). Recent, Gulf of Mexico.
FIGS. 20-23. Stichoporina tuberosa, n. sp. (See also plate 6, figs. 16-19, plate 7, figs. 1-8.) (20)

Two zooecia natural size; (21, 22) two views, X 20, of the convex, celluliferous side;

(23) photograph of the concave side, X 20. Lower Miocene (Gatun formation),

Banana River, Costa Rica.

PLATE 2.

FIG. 1. Membranipora vaughani, n. sp. Portion of the incrusting zoarium, X 15, showing th

large interopesial denticles. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao,

Santo Domingo.
FIGS. 2, 3. Acanthodesia savarti forma monilifera, n. sp. The hollow cylindrical zoarium, natural

size and X 20. The beaded structure of the mural rim is apparent. Lower Miocene

(Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
FIG. 4. Hemiseptella lata, n. sp. Part of the incrusting type specimen, X 15, with some zocecia

showing the characteristic inferior denticle. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon),

Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
FIGS. 5-7. Nellia oculata Busk, 1852. (5) Normal zooecia with tubercles complete, X 19; (6)

fragment showing large zocecia, X 19, the tubercles are replaced by pores; (7) view

of fragment, X 19, showing two sides of the zoarium. Lower Miocene (Bowden

horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
FIGS. 8-10. Corynostylus ellipticus, n. sp. (8) Several fragments of the articulated zoarium,

natural size; (9) anterior face of zoarium, X 19; (10) posterior face, X 19. Lower

Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
FIGS. 11-13. Corynostylus labiatus, n. sp. (11) Complete segment of the articulated bilamellar

zoarium, natural size; (12) photograph of the same, X 19, the salient opesial lip is

shown; (13) section, X 15, exhibiting the interior of the zooecia in the middle row

and a longitudinal section in the outer rows. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon),

Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.
FIG. 14. Thalamoporella granulala Levinsen, 1909. Small fragment, X 15, identified with this

Recent species. Lower Miocene, Rio Cana, Santo Domingo.

100

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 101

PLATE 2 — continued.

FIGS. 15, 16. Lunularia species. Outer and inner sides of a fragment, X 15. Lower Miocene
(Bowden horizon), Rio Cana, Santo Domingo.

FIGS. 17-21. Cupularia umbellata Defrance, 1828. (See also plate 1, figs. 5-7.) (17) Zoaria,
natural size; (18) photographs of the inner tuberous side, X 25; (19) ancestrular
region, X 19, in which the ancestrula is covered over by a normal zooecium; (20)
ancestrular region of another zoarium, X 19; the zocecia are arranged alternately and
in inverted order; (21) another view of the ancestrular region, X 19; here the ances-
trula is a membraniporoid zooecium. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado
de Mao, Santo Domingo.

FIQ. 22. Smittina ? brevis, n. sp. Surface of the bilamellar zoarium, X 15. Lower Miocene
(Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

FIG. 23. Rhynchozoon vaughani, n. sp. (See also plate 4, figs. 1, 2.) A small fragment, X 15,
Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

PLATE 3.

FIGS. 1-10. Metrarabdotos lacrymosum, n. sp. (1) A group of fragments, natural size; (2) frag-
ment, X 4.5, showing the little-expanded base; (3) another fragment, X 4.5; (4) a worn
branch, X 15; the avicularia are absent or little apparent; (5) surface, X 15, showing
salient peristomes and larger triangular avicularia; (6) worn zoarial fragment, X 20;

(7) ordinary zoo3cia of a branch, X 15, with short, pointed, triangular avicularia;

(8) ordinary zocecia, X 15, with long avicularia; (9) branch, X 15, with ovicelled
zooscia; the ovicell is slightly costulated and its frontal is granulose; (10) ovicelled
zooecia, X 15, with the ovicell not costulated. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl),
Bowden, Jamaica.

FIGS. 11-16. Bracebridgia deformis, n. sp. (11) Fragments, natural size; (12) the usual aspect
of the zooecia, X 15; the large frontal pore does not perforate the wall; (13) zocecia
at the base of a zoarium, X 15; (14) zocecia, X 15, with the large frontal pore wanting;
(15) zocecia, X 15, with the peristomial avicularium slightly visible; (16) interior of
zocecia, X 15; the peristomial avicularium is visible, but the frontal pore does not
perforate the zocecial wall. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

PLATE 4.

FIGS. 1, 2. Rhynchozoon vaughani, n. sp. (See also plate 2, fig. 23.) (1) The unilamellar zoarium,
X 15, showing young condition in which the zooacia are distinct; (2) old condition of
zoarium, X 15; the zocecia are indistinct and not oriented. Lower Miocene (Bowden
horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

FIGS. 3-12. Metrarabdotos colligatum, n. sp. (3-5) Different aspects of the base of the zoarium,
X 4.5; (6) three fragments, natural size, preserving base; (7) portion of zoarial sur-
face, X 15, with two ovicells preserved; (8) broad zocecia, X 15, characteristic of the
aged condition; (9) base of a zoarium, X 15, showing calcification and disappearance
of the apertures; (10) narrow zooecia, X 15, of youthful condition; (11) normal
zooecia, X 15; (12) longitudinal section, X 15, showing the interior of the zooecia.
Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

PLATE 5.

FIGS. 1-5. Acanthodesia savarti forma texturata Reuss, 1846. (1) Fragments of the unilamellar,
hollow cylindrical zoarium, natural size; (2) zocecia, X 15, with traces of delicate
spines in the opesium; (3) inner side of zoarium, X 15, showing rectangular form of
zocecia; (4) zocecia, X 15, with a distinct rim around the opesium; (5) another surf ace,
X 15, showing the large size of the first zocecium of a new row. Lower Miocene
(Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

FIG. 6. Conopeum ovale, n. sp. Ancestrular portion of the type specimen, X 15, incrusting a
shell. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) , Bowden, Jamaica.

FIGS. 7-9. Gemelliporella punctata, n. sp. (7) Two fragments of the free cylindrical zoarium,
natural size; (8) an example, X 15, showing the development of the tremocyst; (9)
another fragment, X 15, showing the form of the aperture, ovicells (broken), and
arrangement of the areola. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) , Bowden, Jamaica.

FIG. 10. Callopora tenella Hincks, 1880. The incrusting zoarium, X 15, illustrating the thin
mural rim and the small tubercles on the gymnocyst. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) ,
Bowden, Jamaica.

FIG. 11. Hemiseptella grandicella, n. sp. Surface of the incrusting zoarium, X 15. The largest
zooecia commence a new row. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

FIG. 12. Rhamphostomella laticella, n. sp. The incrusting zoarium, X 15. The areolar costules
are scarcely visible. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

102 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE 6.

FIG. 1. Labiopora miocenica, n. sp. Fragment of the unilamellar zoarium, X 15. The polypidian
tube and the small pores of the tremocyst are visible. Lower Miocene (Bowden
horizon), Rio Cana, Santo Domingo.

FIG. 2. Hippomenella infratelum, n. sp. Base of a bilamellar zoarium, X 15. The zooecium is
regenerated, being replaced by an avicularium. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon),
Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

FIGS. 3-5. Schizopodrella mutabilis, n. sp. (3) The tubular zoarium, natural size; (4) zoarium,
X 15, with indistinct zocecia; (5) another portion of the same zoarium, X 15, show-
ing the shape of the zocecia. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon) , Cercado de Mao, Santo
Domingo.

FIGS. 6-9. Steganoporella paniicella, n. sp. (6) Fragments of the unilamellar zoarium, natural
size; (7) zoarial fragment, X 15, showing the great irregularity in the zocecia; (8)
the usual zocecia, X 15, with regular arrangement; (9) the most frequent aspect of
the zocecia, X 15; the polypidian tube is very fragile and often broken or altered.
Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

FIGS. 10-15. Thalamoporella biperforata, n. sp. (10) Fragments of the bilamellar zoarium,
natural size; (11) specimen, X 15, exhibiting a well-preserved reticulocellarium ;
(12) an example, X 15, showing the hollow tubules worn and replaced by pores; a
reticulocellarium is here present; (13) drawing showing the real form of the aperture,
X 60; (14) a specimen, X 15, with a deformed membraniporoid zocecium near the
upper corner; (15) another similar example, X 15, with a primoserial membrani-
poroid zocecium along the lower edge. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado
de Mao and Rio Cana, Santo Domingo.

FIGS. 16-19. Stichoporina tuberosa, n. sp. (See also plate 1, figs. 20-23; plate 7, figs. 1-8.) (16)
Small fragments of the small free conical zoarium, natural size; (17) zoarial fragment,
X 15, with large zocecia; (18) fragment, X 15, with small zocecia; the tubules are well
developed; (19) inner side of zoarium, X 15. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon),
Rio Cana, Santo Domingo.

PKIGS. 20, 21. Idmonea milneana d'Orbigny, 1839. Views of a fragment, natural size and X 9,
referred to this species. Lower Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo
Domingo.

FIGS. 22, 23. Adeona porosa, n. sp. Fragment of the free bilamellar zoarium, natural size and
X 15. In figure 23 these goncecia with their oral gibbosities are shown in the upper
right-hand corner, an avicularian zocecium in the upper left-hand corner and ordinary
zocecia with their ascopores, and small areolae in the rest of the photograph. Lower
Miocene (Bowden horizon), Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo.

PLATE 7.

FIGS. 1-8. Stichoporina tuberosa, n. sp. (See also plate 1, figs. 20-23; plate 7, figs. 16-19.) (1)
Group showing the upper, lower, and edge views of the zoarium, natural size; (2)
zoarium with weathered surface, X 15, illustrating that the tuberosities are hollow;
(3) zocecia, X 15, with one preserving the ovicell, which is hyperstomial ; (4) por-
tion of a zoarium, X 15, with the tuberosities around the zocecial apertures well pre-
served; (5) inner surface of zoarium, X 7.5; the tuberosities, avicularia, and hydro-
static (?) cavities are visible; (6) portion of figure 5, X 15; (7) edge view of fractured
zoarium, X 15, illustrating zocecia open ; (8) similar view, X 15, but with the zocecia
• closed. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl), Bowden, Jamaica.

FIGS. 9-14. Holoporella albirostris Smitt, 1873, (See also plate 1, fig. 19.) (9) Fragment, X 15,
showing zocecia without beak but with the typical form of aperture; (10) zocecia,
X 15, showing interzocecial avicularia; the oral beak is incomplete and in process of
formation; (11) interior of zocecia, X 15; (12) general aspect of the zocecia with
ovicell, X 15; (13) marginal zocecia, X 15; the deep zocecia have a beak bearing a
email avicularium which appears then as isolated; (14) zocecia, X 15, showing the
different aspects of the beak when broken. Lower Miocene (Bowden marl) , Bowden,
Jamaica.

CANU AND BASSLER

PLATE 1

• , ' V;- ;

-. •

CANU AND BASSLER

PLATE 2

CANU AND BASSLER

PLATE 3

CANU AND BASSLER

PLATE 4

CANU AND BASSLER

PLATE 5

n ,V.

CANU AND BASSLER

CANU AND BASSLER

PLATE 7

IV.

TERTIARY MOLLUSKS FROM THE LEEWARD
ISLANDS AND CUBA.

BY CHARLES WYTHE GOOKE.

With sixteen plates.

103

TERTIARY MOLLUSKS FROM THE LEEWARD ISLANDS

AND CUBA.

BY CHARLES WYTHE COOKE.

INTRODUCTION.

The object of this paper is to describe some little-known Cenozoic
Mollusca from the West Indies and to determine their stratigraphic
positions with respect to the standard section of the Atlantic and Gulf
Coastal Plain of North America.

The great bulk of the material upon which this work is based was
collected by Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, in the islands of St. Bartholo-
mew, Antigua, Anguilla, and Cuba, but several additional smaller
collections made by various workers at scattered localities have also
been studied. All of the fossils studied, except a small collection from
Guajay, Cuba, are in the United States National Museum. The
exceptions are in the American Museum of Natural History.

The writer wishes to express his appreciation of the many courtesies
extended to him throughout the course of the work by Doctor Vaughan,
to whom he is also indebted for assistance in the final preparation of
the manuscript. He wishes to thank Dr. W. H. Dall and Miss Julia
A. Gardner for aid in the identification of doubtful species. He is
indebted to the authorities of the United States National Museum for
the use of the facilities of that institution and to the Director of the
United States Geological Survey for permission to carry on this
investigation as part of his official duties.

FAUNAL SUMMARY.

The species of mollusks and brachiopods described, with the stations
at which they were found, are enumerated in the following lists :

LIST OF STATIONS IN ST. BARTHOLOMEW. T. W. VAUGHAN, COLLECTOR.

6895. Spur on southeast side of bay northwest of St. Jean Bay, 170 feet above sea-level
(aneroid reading).

6897. Anse Ecaille side of point between Anse Ecaille and Anse Le"zard. From conglom-
erate and sandstojie below upper limestone bed.

6897a. Point between Anse Ecaille and Anse Lizard.

6897b. Point between Colombier Point and bay next to St. Jean Bay. From a conglom-
erate and shaly bed interbedded with limestone, below the main limestone and
at top of the conglomerate series of beds.

6905. Northwest of St. Jean Bay, along sea-face.

6919. Governors Bay, from limestone picked up on slope.

6924. Point on northwest side of St. Jean Bay, from bed of limestone at top of described

section.

6925. Fossils mostly from conglomerate bed below limestone at top of section, partly from

lower limestone bed or from just above conglomerate.

6926. Anse Lizard, basal bed.

105

106 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Species from St. Bartholomew.

Species.

1C

o>

00
CO

t~

£

to

e
t^

o>

00
CO

•o
t^

O5
•fj

CD

§

Ci

CO

C5

^H

05

CO

Tj<

N

0

CO

10
CM

O5
CO

CO
CM

O5
CO

\

Remarks.

Cyprsea sp

Y

Cerithium sp

Y

V

Cerithium sp

Y

Ampullina sp

Y

Neretina? grandis, n. sp

Y

Y

Related to Ocala species.

Ostrea cf . O. trigonalis Conrad

V

Y

Y

Y

Jackson species.

Pecten (Hinnites) aratus, n. sp

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Hinnites now confined to

Spondylus sp

V

Y

Y

Y

Pacific fauna.

Venericardia vaughani, n. sp

V

Venericardia globosa, n. sp

V

Y

Nearest relative is a lower

Venericardia sp

Y

Eocene species.
Related to the Eocene V.

Argvrotheca dalli, n. sp

x

Y

Y

planicosta.

Liothyrina vaughani, n. sp

Y

The species from these localities constitute a compact fauna whose
closest affinities are in the upper Eocene (Jackson stage) .

LIST OF STATIONS IN ANTIGUA. T. W. VAUGHAN, COLLECTOR.

6854. Rifle butts.
6858. Wetherell Point.

6861. Hodge's Bluff, upper bed.

6862. Hodge's Bluff, lower bed.

6865. Two hundred yards east of Jackass Point, St. Johns Bay.

6866. Across street, north side of cathedral, St. Johns.
6869. Long Island.

6874. Blizzard Mill.

6856. Base and western slope of Friar's Hill.

6875. Friar's Hill, from white chalky limestone above the main coral-reef bed.
6881. From bluffs on north side of Willoughby Bay.

6888. Half a mile north of McKinnon's Mill.

The exposures at all of these localities are of the Antigua formation, except 6861, the
upper bed at Hodge's Bluff.

The stratigraphic relations of the different fossiliferous exposures in
Antigua can not satisfactorily be determined from the mollusks
tabulated below, but according to Dr. Vaughan the corals indicate
that all the stations in the table except one (station 6861) represent
approximately the same horizon and that this is the equivalent of the
coralliferous chert bed at Bainbridge, Georgia. The close relationship
of the mollusks to the Tampa and Anguilla faunas is apparent. The
single specimen of Epitonium antiguense from the upper bed at Hodge's
Bluff (station 6861) probably represents a higher faunal horizon than
the other mollusks in the table.

To the small fresh-water fauna described by Brown and Pilsbry1
from the tuffs and shales underlying the main Antigua formation, the
Vaughan collection adds one new species, Hemisinus atriformis Cooke.
The resemblance of this species to a form inhabiting rivers in British

1 Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., pp. 209-213, plate 9. 1914.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA.

107

Guiana is in accord with the similarity pointed out by Brown and
Pilsbry between H. antiguensis and other South American species.
The species now known from this fresh-water fauna are the following:

Hemisinus antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry.
siliceus Brown and Pilabry.
latus Brown and Pilsbry.
atriformis, n. sp.

Bythinella antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry .
Planorbis siliceus Brown and Pilsbry.

Species from Antigua.

Species.

*t
ic

GO

to

00
iO

GO

<o

r- 1

CO
X
CO

CN

CO
CO
CO

irt

CO

g

CO

1

O>

%

CO

Tt<

i

0

s

CD

iO

JO

O

00
00
CO

•fj

-Sj

ao

CO

Remarks.

Epitonium antiguense (Brown)

V

Turritella crocus, n. sp

?]

Y

Anguilla.

Turritella f orresti Brown

Y

Also at Willoughby Bay

Ampullinopsis spenceri, n. sp. . .

Y

(Brown).
Anguilla? close to Tampa

Turbo antiguensis, n. sp

V

and Chipola species.

Scapharca willobiana, n. sp

Y

Ostrea antiguensis Brown

V

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pecten oxygonum Sowerby? . .

V

Santo Domingo and Bow-

Pecten cf . P. oxygonum Sby . . .

Y

den.

Pecten nugenti Brown

Y

Pecten willobianus, n. sp

Y

Pecten anguillensis Guppy
Pecten duplex, n. sp

X

Y

X

X

Anguilla ; also Wetherells
Bay (Brown).

Pecten perlineatus, n. sp

Y

Pecten nodosissimus, n. sp

Y

Pecten sp

Y

Amusium antiguense (Brown) .

Y

Spondylus bostrychites Guppy.
Lithophaga nigra (d'Orbigny)

X

X

Y

X

Anguilla, Tampa, Bow-
den, Santo Domingo.
Tampa and Recent, Cuba.

Lithophaga sp

Y

Semele? sp

Y

Antigona csesarina var. anguil-

Y

Anguilla, Bainbridge?,

lana, n. var.
Chione spenceri, n. sp

Y

Chipola (variety).

LIST OF STATIONS IN ANGUILLA. T. W. VATJGHAN, COLLECTOR.

6893. Crocus Bay, hill, roadside, descent to Crocus Bay from valley.

6894. Crocus Bay, southwest side.

6964. Crocus Bay, southwest side; fossils from rubble above shore-line.

6965. Crocus Bay, southwest shore; fossils from lowest 10 to 15 feet of fossiliferous marls.

6966. Crocus Bay, southwest side, 30 to 50 feet above sea-level.

6967. Crocus Bay, bluff on southwest side, uppermost horizon, 125 feet above sea-level,

mainly limestone.
6971. Slope about 100 feet above sea-level, between Little Harbor and Pelican Point.

The mollusks from all the localities in Anguilla, with the possible
exception of station 9664, which is beach rubble, appear to represent a
single geologic horizon. The fauna includes species common to forma-
tions of ages ranging from the middle Oligocene coral reef at Bain-
bridge, Georgia, to the Bowden marl of Jamaica, but the number of

108 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

species common to other formations is not great enough to justify using
the statistical method of correlation. The fossil horizon of Anguilla is
evidently intermediate in age between the Oligocene deposits at Bain-
bridge and the Bowden marl, and its stratigraphic position is probably
not far from that of the Tampa limestone of Florida.

Species from Anguilla.

Species.

c«J
a>

00

to

Tt<

O3
CO
CO

-t

CD

O3
0

iO

CO
O5

CO

CO
CO

O5

CO

t^

CO
O>
CO

i— <
I-

02
CO

Remarks.

Conus sp

Y

Y

Turris sp

Y

Oliva, 2 sp

Y

Lyria vaughani, n. sp

Y

Related to Tampa and Chipola.

Cassidea? sp

Y

Dclium' sp

Y

Cyprasa anguillana, n. sp

V

Y

Cyprsea sp

Y

Y

Y

Y

Cuba.

Cvpraea sp . ,

Y

Strombus sp

Y

Y

Orthaulax pugnax (Heilprin)

Y

Bainbridge, Tampa, Antigua,

Cerithium herculeanum, n. sp

Y

Panama.

Cerithidea? anguillana, n. sp

Y

Turritella crocus, n. sp

Y

Y

Y

Antigua.

Tunitella anguillana, n. sp

Y

Related to Tampa and Bain-

Turritella dubiosa, n. sp

Y

bridge.

Solarium sp

Y

Y

Xenophora sp .

Y

Y

Y

Y

Ampullina anguillana, n. sp

Y

Y

Y

Y

Cuba, related to Chipola.

Ampullinopsis spenceri, n. sp

Y

Antigua.

Sinum chipolanum (Dall)

Y

Chipola.

Scapharca anguillana, n. sp

V

Related to Panama.

Pinna vaughani, n. sp

Y

Pecten perlatus, n. sp

Y

Pecten thetidis Sowerby

Y

Y

Cuba, Bowden, Santo Domingo.

Pecten perplexus, n. sp

Y

Y

Y

V

Y

Pecten crocus, n. sp. .

Y

Y

Y

Pecten vaughani, n. sp

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pecten anguillensia Guppy

Y

Antigua.

Pecten gabbi Dall

Y

Antigua.

Pecten sp. cf . P. crucianus, n. sp
Pecten clevei, n. sp

X

Y

Y

X

Related to Cuba.

Amusium lyonii (Gabb)

Y

Y

Y

Costa Rica, related to Chipola.

Spondylus bostrychites Guppy
Metis trinitaria Dall

X
Y

X

Y

X

Antigua, Tampa, Bowden, Santo
Domingo.
Cuba, Trinidad.

Cardium sp

V

Y

Lucina sp

Y

Phacoides (Here) sp

Y

V

Related to Tampa.

Antigona cajsarina var. anguillana,

Y

Antigua, Bainbridge, Chipola

n. var.

(variety).

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA.

109

LIST OF STATIONS IN CUBA.

3192. One-half mile inland from the pier of the Juragua Railroad on Santiago Bay or
Harbor; Joseph Will cox, collector.

3435. Hillside about 2 miles from Santiago, on road to Morro Castle; T. W. Vaughan,

collector.

3436. South side of city of Santiago, along trocha in small escarpment separating Terrace

1 from Terrace 2 of coastal shelf, 20-foot level; material brownish yellowish
marl with masses of pyrites; T. W. Vaughan, collector.

3439. Juragua Railroad, La Cruz, below Terrace 3. First cutting on road; T. W. Vaughan,

collector.

3440. Northeast portion of Santiago; fossils in marl on hillside; T. W. Vaughan, collector.

3441. East of La Cruz, near railroad crossing of road to Morro Castle; T. W. Vaughan,

collector.
3443. Northeast portion of Santiago; marls at foot of hill; T. W. Vaughan, collector.

3446. First deep cutting on railroad east of La Cruz, near Santiago; T. W. Vaughan,

collector.

3447. Trocha de Santiago de Cuba, second exposure on north side of trocha east from water-

front, stratum 3; T. W. Vaughan, collector.
3468. Gorge of Yumuri River below Iglesia Mte. Serrato, Matanzas Province ; T. W. Vaughan,

collector.
3474. Consolacion del Sur, Pinar del Rio; collected by the Alcalde.

4290. Vento, Province of Habana; Thomas H. Wren, collector.

4291. Calabazar, Province of Habana; Thomas H. Wren, collector.

4292. Near E. C. A., Cuba [within 10 miles of Habana]; Thomas H. Wren, collector.
5255. Santiago de Cuba; Lieutenant Fred. P. Black, collector.

Quarry near asylum near Guajay, 15 miles southwest of Habana; Barnum Brown, collector.

Species from Cuba.

Species.

iO
'0
<M
'O

IM

01
—

CO

i.l

CO

"*

co

0

CO

**

CO

Cl
co
"t

CO

0
**«
•*
CO

^H
•*
•f

CO

CO

-f
"t

CO

CO
•^

s

h-

•*
•^

CO

CO

CC

•*

CO

•*
f^

Tj<

CO

O

8

^<

f-H

Ol
01

•*

(N

Cl
~1

•^

Guajay.

Remarks.

Y

Cassidea sulcifera (Sowerby)?

Y

Bainbridge, Santo Domingo.

Y

Bowden, Santo Domingo,

Cyprsea sp

Y

Y

X

Gatun.
Anguilla.

Strombus sp

V

Ortb.au! ax inornatus Gabb

Y

Tampa, Santo Domingo.

Ampullina anguillana n sp

Y

Anguilla, aff. Chipola.

Y

Ostrea haitensis Sowerby

Y

Y

Y

Haiti, Bowden, Chipola,

Pecten thetidis Sowerby

V

Oak Grove.
Anguilla, Bowden, Santo Do-

Pecten ventonensis, n. sp ....

V

V

Y

Y

mingo.

Pecten crucianus, n. sp

Y

Y

Y

Related to Anguilla.

Pecten ^vaughani var. flabellum
n. var

V

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pecten jacobianus, n. sp
Pecten waylandi, n. sp. . . .

X

X
Y

X

X

Pecten decorus, n. sp. . . .

Y

Pecten pittieri Dall

Y

Y

Costa Rica.

Pecten articulosus, n. sp

X

Plicatula densata Conrad

Y

Y

Tampa, Chipola, Oak Grove,

Modiolus cinnamomeus Lamarck

V

Y

Miocene of New Jersey.
Tampa Chipola, Trinidad,

Lithophaga nigra (d'Orbigny)

V

Y

Recent.
Tampa to Recent.

Teredo sp

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Santo Domingo.

Panope sp

Y

Tfillinfi. sp

V

Like Recent species.

Metis trinitaria Dall

V

Y

Y

Y

Y

Trinidad.

Lno.ina Bp...........

Y

X

X

Phacoides aff. P. hillsboroensis

V

Y

Aff. Tampa and Chipola.

(Heilprin).

110 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

The greater number of collections from Cuba appear to have come
from a single geologic horizon which is exposed at numerous localities
in the vicinity of Santiago. The fauna, which is characterized by a
profusion of pectens, bears a close resemblance to those of Tampa and
Anguilla, but may be a little younger. The fossils from Consolacion
del Sur (station 3474), among which is Orthaulax inornatus, have not
been found elsewhere in Cuba, but tie up with the Tampa and Anguilla
faunas. The small collections from Calabazar (station 4291) and
Guajay probably are of nearly the same age. The fossils from Havana
(station 4292) may be somewhat younger than the others, but the
evidence is inconclusive.

Interesting collections were obtained by Wiebusch (stations 3652,
5312) from the asphalt beds at the Angela Elmira mine near Bejucal.
These include both fresh-water and marine species which may have
been derived from beds of different ages. The fossils are referred
doubtfully to the Oligocene. The list follows :

FOSSILS FROM THE ASPHALT BEDS NEAR BEJUCAL.

Levifusus? angelicus, n. sp. Unio bitumen, n. sp.

Cypraea semen, n. sp. Margarita naticoides, n. sp.

Hemisinus bituminifer, n. sp. Solemya sulcifera, n. sp.

Hemisinus costatus, n. sp. Myrtsea? asphaltica, n. sp.
Elmira cornu-arietis, n. gen. et sp.

DESCRIPTIONS OF SPECIES.

Scaphander species.

A well-preserved cast of a species of Scaphander measuring 28 mm. in
altitude and 16.4 mm. in diameter was collected by T. H. Wren in Cuba.
Locality. — Calabazar, Cuba, station 4291.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Conus species.
(Plate 1, Figures 5 a, b, 6 a, 6.)

Casts of the interior of a species of Conus having a high, apparently
bulbous nucleus and with deeply channeled sutures were obtained at
Crocus Bay, Anguilla. The smaller whorls are rounded on top, but
the more mature whorls are angulated at the periphery.

Another species of Conus occurs in the Miocene of Santiago, Cuba,
station 5255, and a third in the upper Eocene of St. Bartholomew,
station 6897a.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894, 6966, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimens.— U. S. Nat. Mus., Nos. 166947, 166948.

Tunis species.

From Crocus Bay, Anguilla, there is a fragment of a pleurotomoid
shell which resembles Turris albida (Perry) in general appearance.
The major sculpture, as in the species cited, consists of three prominent
spiral threads; the secondary sculpture of spiral threads is lacking on

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. Ill

our specimen; the growth lines, unlike those of T. albida, are not
prominent; the notch coincides in position with the middle thread.

It may not be out of place to remark here that Pleurotoma cochlearis
Conrad, from Vicksburg, Mississippi, which has been placed in the
synonymy of Turris albida by several writers, is clearly distinct from
that species and probably belongs to a different section. Although
the sculpture of the mature whorls is so similar that decollated speci-
mens can scarcely be distinguished from T. albida, the protoconchs of
the two are unlike.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6894, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Oliva species.
(Plate 1, Figure 1.)

In the lower bed at Crocus Bay, Anguilla, occur two species of Oliva,
one of which is figured. It is a plump, low-spired shell with a thick
aperture. The other is higher spired and proportionately more slender.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6965, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 166953.

Lyria vaughani, new species.
(Plate 1, Figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell volutiform, spire high; nucleus small, succeeded by 5 whorls with high
narrow axial costse, about 9 on the body whorl, near the anterior extremity of
which are several oblique threads; aperture wide, about two-thirds the length
of the shell; pillar lip with 3 basal folds and apparently several indistinct folds
and an elliptical node at the posterior end; anterior canal short, with an
oblique fascicle.

Alt. 22; diam. 12.5; alt. of body whorl 15 mm.

This species resembles Lyria musicina Heilprin, but is smaller, has
a smaller nucleus, sharper and closer ribs, fewer columellar folds, and
more prominent basal fasciole.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6965, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—\J. S. Nat. Mus., No. 166955.

Levifusus? angelicus, new species.

(Plate 1, Figures 2, 3 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell thin, rapidly expanding; spire low; whorls about 4^, shouldered, with
narrow axial costse, about 16 to the whorl, extending from suture to suture
on the spiral whorls but obsolete on the body whorl or reduced to low nodes
on the carina; shoulder with many faint, simple, revolving threads and, near
the suture, one stronger thread forming nodes at the intersections with the
axial ribs; periphery of whorls nearly cylindrical, set with 5 or more strong,

112 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

raised threads which increase in number and decrease in relative size on the
body whorl; base of whorl to end of canal covered with flat threads; canal
short, straight; inner lip smooth, with a thin deposit of callus; outer lip thin,
broken, with no traces of internal lirse, but inner surface of shell very minutely,
closely, spirally lined; aperture broad, semilunate.

Alt. of smaller fragment, spire lacking, 12.5 mm.; diam. of body whorl,
9.5 mm.; alt. of larger specimen, end of canal lacking, 17.4 mm.; diam. of body
whorl, 13.5 mm.

The larger of the two specimens of this species has lost nearly all of
the superficial layers of shell from the whorls of the spire, which have
thus acquired an unnatural rotundity. The tip of the spire of the
smaller shell is broken, but the lower whorls show the shape and sculp-
ture very well.

Owing to the absence of the protoconch and nepionic whorls, it is
impossible to determine with certainty the precise generic relation-
ships of this shell. It appears rather close to Levifusus, to which I have
provisionally referred it, but is less acutely carinate and tuberculate
than the type of that genus and appears to have a broader aperture and
a shorter canal.

Locality. — Angela Elrnira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, station
3652, Wiebusch.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene? asphalt beds.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 166957.

Epitonium (Sthenorhytis) antiguense (Brown).
(Plate 1, Figure 8.)

Scala (Sthenorhytis) antiguensis Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 612, plate 20, fig. 9,
1913.

The following is the original description of this species:

"Shell turbinate, of about five whorls, rapidly enlarging; the suture
impressed, whorls rounded, crossed by about sixteen varices which are acute
edged and rise abruptly from the whorl. The intervarical spaces are crossed
by five raised revolving cords with a secondary sculpture of fine, somewhat
irregularly spaced revolving lines and crossed by radial lines parallel to the
varices. This secondary sculpture which covers the varices also, is best
observed with a lens. From the excavated form of the base of the shell, it is
probable that the mouth was circular, but this portion of the shell is imperfect.
Alt. 30 mm., diam. 19 mm. From the Hodge's Hill limestone (Antigua forma-
tion), Hodge's Bay, Antigua. Oligocene."

This species probably has more than 5 whorls, but from the single
specimen at hand, a crushed fragment of 3 whorls, it is impossible to
determine the number. The varices are curved gently away from the
mouth.

Locality. — Upper bed at Hodge's Hill, station 6861, Vaughan.

Geological horizon. — Oligocene?

Type. — Philadelphia Academy, No. 1645.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 166958.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 113

Cassidea sulcifera (Sowerby)?

Cassis sulcifera Sowerby, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 47, plate 10, fig. 1, 1850.

(Date of imprint 1849.)

Cossrs sulcifera Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 508, plate 86, fig. 4, 1916.
Cassis sulcifera Maury, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 275, plate 44, figs. 1-3, 1917.

The following is the original description of this species :

"Testa ovato-trigona, crassiuscula, anfractibus senis, longitudinaliter
sulcatis, ultimo seriebus duabus ad tribus tuberculorum ornato, serie postica
eminentiore; apertura lata; margine interne labii externi dentato, dentibus
paucis distantibus; labio interno transverse costellifero; costellis anticis
prominentioribus. ' '

The Cuban specimens, which are doubtfully referred to this Domini-
can species, are preserved as casts only. They attained a size con-
siderably larger than was customary for C. sulcifera, but resemble it
in shape and general appearance, and are unlike any other described
species from this region with which I am acquainted. The largest
specimen at hand measures 9 cm. in length and 7.5 cm. in maximum
width.

Locality. — Calabazar, Province of Habana, Cuba, station 4291,
Wren. Sowerby's type was collected by Heneken in Santo Domingo
and the species has recently been obtained by Vaughan, Mansfield, and
Cooke from the base of the Chattahoochee formation at Red Bluff,
near Bainbridge, Georgia.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — British Museum.

Cassidea? species.

Indeterminable casts of a medium-sized species with a high spire
were found at Crocus Bay, Anguilla. They attained an altitude of
about 5 cm.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6966, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Dolium species.

An internal cast which resembles Malea camura, but appears to be a
little more cylindrical than that species. The impression of the inner
lip is obliterated, so that the specific characteristics can not be made
out.

Alt., 36 mm.; diam., 26 mm.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6894, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Malea camura Guppy.

Malea ringens Conrad, Pacific R. R. Repts., vol. 6, p. 72, plate 5, fig. 22, 1857.

Malea camura Guppy, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 287, plate 17, fig. 9, 1866.

Malea camura Brown and Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 356, 1911.

Malea camura Maury, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 276, pi. 45, fig. 3, 1917.

114 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

The following is Guppy's description of this species :

"Shell ovate, ventricose; whorls 6-7, destitute of varices, zoned by about
16 low spiral ridges; spire short, conic; aperture rather narrow, outer lip
thickened, dentate; inner lip sinuate, dentate; columella tortuous, irregularly
folded or plaited; callus thin."

This species is very closely related to Malea ringens Swainson, living
in the Pacific Ocean, with which it was confused by Conrad. It appears
to have attained adult characters at a somewhat smaller size and to
have more delicate sculpture than the recent species, but in other
respects to be almost indistinguishable from it. It is interesting to find
this type of shell surviving with such slight modifications in the Pacific
Ocean, but now quite extinct in the Antillean region, where it was once
so widely distributed.

Malea camura is represented in the Cuban collections by only one
cast of the interior, but there can be little doubt of the correctness of
the identification.

Localities. — Near Havana, Cuba, station 4292, Wrenn, collector; also
Bowden, Jamaica; Haiti; Pontou, Santo Domingo ;and Gatun, Panama.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Types.— U. S. Nat. Mus., Nos. 115506 and 115507.

Cypraea anguillana, new species.
(Plate 1, Figures 9 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell subellipsoidal, smooth, polished; spire mammiform, with sutures
obliterated; aperture narrow; outer lip closely dentate with about 20 tubercles;
inner lip obsoletely dentate well within the aperture; inner and outer lips
pinched or flattened at the anterior end.

Alt., 25 mm.; diam., 14.5 mm.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6894; the cast of a larger
specimen, probably C. anguillana, was found at station 6893, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 166963.

Cypraea semen, new species.

(Plate 1, Figures 10 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell small, rotund; surface smooth and polished, but inner layers of shell
exhibiting faint, distantly spaced lirations transverse to the axis; outer lip
with 22 or 23 evenly spaced denticulations placed well within the aperture;
inner lip with 5 denticulations on the anterior half and several obsolescent
denticulations on the posterior half; canals short, nearly equal.

Length, 8.5 mm. ; diameter, 5.8 mm.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine near Bejucal, Cuba, station
3652; Wiebusch, collector.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 166965.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 115

Cypraea species.

Besides Cyprcea anguillana, two species of Cyprcea occur at Crocus
Bay, Anguilla. One is represented in the collection by a single crushed
specimen with an ornamentation of raised spiral lines resembling the
sculpture of Ovula multicarinata Dall. It was found at station 6967.
The other, a large globose form preserved only as casts, is abundant
and occurs also in Cuba.

Localities.— Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6893, 6894, 6966, 6971,
Vaughan; Consolacion del Sur, Vento, and Calabazar, Cuba, stations
3474, 4290, 4291, Wren.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Cyprasa, indeterminate species.

One indeterminable cast.

Locality. — Northwest side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, station
6925, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Strombus species.
(Plate 2, Figures 5 a, 6.)

Casts of a huge species of Strombus with a moderately high spire
have been found at Crocus Bay, Anguilla. The largest specimen ex-
ceeded 20 cm. in altitude and 15 cm. in diameter. Smaller specimens
about 8 cm. in altitude, have a very low spire and long tubercles and
probably represent a different species. The figured specimen, measur-
ing 38 mm. in altitude, probably belongs to a third species.

A Strombus occurs in the Oligocene of Santiago, Cuba, station 5255.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894, 6965, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166983.

Orthaulax pugnax (Heilprin).
(Plate 2, Figures 3, 4.)

Wagneria pugnax Heilprin, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. I, p. 106, plate 15, figs. 36, 36a, 1887.
Orthaulax pugnax Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. Ill, p. 170, plate 8, figs. 5, 8, 1890.
Orthaulax pugnax Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 90, p. 87, plate 15, figs. 5, 10, 1915.
Orthaulax pugnax Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 509, 1916.

The following is the original description of this species.

"Shell irregularly oval, obconical, flattened, the flattened appearance being
due to three irregular swellings or knobs, one of which immediately adjoins
the anteriorly-directed fissure of the aperture; aperture narrow, projected
forward (in its upper course) as a closely compressed fissure, which in a
crescential curve ascends to within a comparatively short distance of the
apex of the spire ; outer lip? (broken in specimen) ; inner lip largely developed,
completely concealing the whorls of the spire, and duplicating for a very con-
siderable extent the outer lip; spire freely enclosed in a pointed superstructure,
or dome, built over it by an extension of the mantle; surface covered with longi-
tudinal lines of growth, which extend continuously from the apex to the base.

"Length (of imperfect specimens, lacking probably upward of an inch), 2.7
inches; width, 1.75 inches."

116 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Localities. — Antigua, Spencer; Crocus Bay, Anguilla (sta. 6965),
Vaughan. Occurs also at Bainbridge, Tampa, and Canal Zone (sta.
5901, 2 miles south of Mitchellville, P. R. R.).

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene

Type. — Wagner Institute, Philadelphia.

Figured specimens.— U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 166982, 166984.

Orthaulax inornatus Gabb.
(Plate 2, Figures 1, 2.)

Orthaulax inornatus Gabb, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pbila., vol. 24, p. 272, plate ix, figs. 3, 4,

1872.

Orthaulax inornatus Gabb, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., n. s., Vol. XV, p. 234, 1873.
Orthaulax inornatus Guppy, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 32, p. 520, plate 28, fig. 8,

1876.

Orthaulax inornatus Ball, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 90, p. 86, plate 11, fig. 4, 1915.
Orthaulax inornatus Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, p. 509, plate 88, fig. 9, 1916.
Orthaulax inornatus Maury, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 285, plate 47, fig. 11, 1917.

The following is Gabb's description of this species (1873) :

"Shell broadly rounded-fusiform. Young shell with the spire a little
shorter than the aperture, suture impressed, whorls numerous, nuclear whorls
three, the subsequent ones showing faint traces of occasional thickenings
disposed like the varices of Triton; surface smooth; anterior end of body
whorl marked by a few faint revolving lines, no posterior canal. Adult shell
more distinctly fusiform, the spire covered with a longitudinally striated
incrustation covering the sutures and extending to the extreme apex. Aper-
ture elongated, acute behind and prolonged into a very narrow posterior canal
running straight to the apex; in advance it is gradually narrowed, the anterior
notch broad and shallow; inner lip thinly encrusted; outer lip thin in all my
specimens, and apparently thin, straight and entire in the perfect adult. Size
of largest specimen, length 3.75 inches, width 1.5 inches."

Two broken specimens, much larger than any previously figured,
were obtained in Cuba. As one would expect of shells of this type,
the apical angle of the adult shell is much more obtuse than that of the
immature specimen. The faint revolving lines on the anterior end
extend posteriorly to the position of maximum diameter of the whorl.
In other respects, the Cuban fossils resemble those from Santo Domingo
and Florida.

Localities. — Consolacion del Sur, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, station 3474,
the Alcalde, coll.; Santo Domingo; Tampa; Bainbridge.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — Philadelphia Academy.

Figured specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166980.

Cerithium herculeanum, new species.
(Plate 1, Figure 7.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell large, broad at the base; decollated, 10 subsequent whorls; spiral
sculpture from anterior to posterior as follows: 1 inconspicuous thread adjacent
to the suture; 1 row of nodes becoming acuminate on the larger whorls; 2 low,

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 117

simple threads; 1 row of high, pointed nodes convex anteriorly, concave poste-
riorly, forming a coronation adj acent to the suture. Outer lip and canal broken.
Length of fragment of 10 whorls, apex and part of anterior canal missing,
85 mm. ; diam. at decollation 7 mm. ; diam. of body whorl, 37 mm.

This species is readily distinguishable from others of the mid-
American region by its large size and peculiar sculpture.
Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6965, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat, Mus. No. 166985.

Cerithium species.

Casts of a large Cerithium were obtained by Vaughan on the north-
west side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, at stations 6905 and 6925.
A smaller species retaining the silicified shell, which shows imperfectly
the original sculpture, was collected at station 6897, a point between
Anse Ecaille and Anse Lezard.

Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Cerithidea? anguillana, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 10 a, b, 11, 12 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell slender; axial sculpture of numerous small, rounded ribs, about 15 to
the whorl, extending across the whorl, and feeble varices at intervals of about
three-fourths of a whorl; spiral sculpture of fine and coarser rounded threads,
thickened a little on top of the ribs; middle portion of whorl nearly flat, with
3 or 5 coarse threads separated by two or more finer ones; margins of the
whorls sloping to the moderately impressed suture and covered with fine
threads, with one coarser thread adjacent to the suture.

Length of fragment of about 6 whorls, 19.5 mm.; width of largest whorl,
8.2 mm.

Two young shells, probably of this species, show that the axial costse
do not extend to the base of the body whorl, which is ornamented with
fine, impressed, revolving lines.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6965, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus No. 166991.

Hemisinus costatus, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 1 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell long, slender; whorls moderately convex; suture deeply channeled.
Sculpture of strong axial or slightly protractive costse, 14 per whorl, termi-
nating abruptly at the first spiral line behind the suture, and 9 or 10 fine
revolving threads on whorls of spire and 3 additional strong threads and
several finer ones on base of body-whorl. Whorls coronated by a row of weak
nodes at the intersections of the most posterior thread with the costae. Aper-
ture oval; peristome incipiently channeled anteriorly.

Length of fragment of 3| whorls, 20.6 mm.; length of body-whorl, 10.6
mm.; diameter of body-whorl, 7.5 mm.; length of aperture, 5.3 mm.

118 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, station
5312, Wiebusch.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166994.

Hemisinus bituminifer, new species.
(Plate 3, Figure 2.)

The following is a description of this species:

Whorls convex, obsoletely shouldered; suture impressed; costae terminating
abruptly close behind the suture, retractive in posterior quarter of the shell,
protective in anterior three-quarters, 22 on penultimate whorl, 27 on body-
whorl; shoulder nearly smooth; about 10 low, spiral threads on whorls in front
of the shoulder; base of body-whorl with numerous fine, even, spiral threads.
Aperture broadly oval; inner lip with a thin callus.

Length of a fragment of about 1% whorls, 21.7 mm.; altitude of bodywhorl,
16.8 mm.; diameter of body-whorl, 18 mm.; length of aperture, about 10 mm.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, station
3652, Wiebusch.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?
Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166993.

Hemisinus atriformis, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 4, 5.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell stout, of about 8 or 10 whorls, 5^ remaining on the decollated type;
whorls cylindrical to convex, twice as wide as high. Axial sculpture of numer-
ous close, slightly protractive ribs rendered strongly nodose by close impressed
revolving lines. The axial sculpture is dominant at first, but is exceeded in
strength on the large whorls by the spiral sculpture. Aperture crushed in all
the specimens at hand, but apparently broadly oval and flattened in front.
Inner lip callous, arcuate; outer lip thin.

Alt., 15.5 mm.; diam. of body-whorl, 8 mm.

The sculpture of this shell is strikingly similar to that of plicate
varieties of Doryssa atra inhabiting rivers in British Guiana.

This species, much broader than H . siliceus, with which it is asso-
ciated, possesses nearly the same proportions as the cast from the same
locality which has been unrecognizably figured by Brown and Pilsbry
under the name of H. latus.1

Locality. — Dry Hill Point, Antigua, station 6867, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166996.

Hemisinus antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry.

(Plate 3, Figures 6, 7, 8, 9.)

Hemisinus antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 210, plate 9, figs.
1, 3, 5, 6, 1914.

1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 211, plate 9, fig. 4, 1914.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 119

The following is the original description of this species:

"The shell is slender, diameter contained nearly three times in the length;
whorls rather numerous, probably at least fifteen in a perfect shell, as a young
one 12.5 mm. long has twelve whorls, the upper part of the spire being very-
slender. Whorls convex, sculptured with many rounded ribs, as wide as their
intervals, somewhat curved, the concavity forward and somewhat protractive.
There are about 25 ribs on a whorl. Above the lower suture of each whorl
there are two or three spiral cords, the lowest one strongest. On the last
whorl the ribs extend to the periphery, where they disappear, the peripheral
region and the base having numerous spiral cords. The aperture is but rarely
preserved, but in the best examples the peristome seems to be somewhat
effuse at the base of the columella.

''Length 16.5, diam. 6 mm., 8 whorls remaining.
19.5, " 6.4 " "

" The sculpture of longitudinal ribs with basal spirals is characteristic. The
same type of sculpture occurs in various South American species of Hemisinus.
It could readily be matched also in Melania and related forms or in the
Pleuroceratidae.

"There seems to be variation in the development of the spirals. Many
specimens show weak traces of impressed spirals over the ribs throughout,
and this seems to be the normal condition; but in some examples the ribs
appear to be smooth except near their lower ends.

"This species, like the associated forms, has the basal sinus or notch obso-
lete, as in part of the recent species."

The revolving threads on the posterior part of the whorl are coarser
and more persistently present than one would infer from the description.
Locality. — Dry Hill Point, Antigua (station 6867), Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type. — Philadelphia Academy.
Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166995.

Hemisinus siliceus Brown and Pilsbry.

(Plate 3, Figure 3.)
Hemisinus siliceus Brown and Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 211, plate 9, fig. 2, 1914.

The following is the original description of this species :

"The shell is Melaniiform, regularly tapering, the diameter of last whorl
contained about 2| times in the total length. The whorls are convex, and
apparently without any sculpture except growth-lines. The last whorl has
fine, reversed sigmoid growth striae, which retract somewhat below the suture,
then advance, as in H. cubiana. In the type specimen a former peristome,
indicating a period of growth arrest, appears as a sigmoid varix on the last
whorl. This indicates a more strongly sigmoid outer lip than in the recent
Antillean species.

"Length 26 mm., about six whorls remaining, the summit lost; diam.
10.8 mm.

"No entirely perfect aperture was found on the slabs collected, but so far
as we can judge, it seems to be much like that of Hemisinus cubanianus (Orb.).
It is not unlikely that H. siliceus is ancestral, or at least a collateral species

120 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

not far removed from the ancestral stock of the smooth Antillean species of
Hemisinus.

"There is, of course, a possibility that this Antigua species belongs to the
genus Pachycheilus, which is represented in the recent fauna of Cuba by P.
conicus (Orb.) and P. violaceus Prest.; but the straighter columella does not,
in our opinion, favor this view.

"The type has lost the shell from the spire by conversion into flint, but the
surface has been preserved in perfection on the last whorl."

Locality. — Dry Hill Point, Antigua, station 6867, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — Philadelphia Academy.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 166998.

Turritella anguillana, new species.
(Plate 4, Figures 1, 2, 3.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell long, slender; whorls medially constricted, with two prominent spiral
cords on the anterior quarter, the cord adjacent to the suture usually the
smaller; remainder of the whorl with fine spiral threads; finer details of sculp-
ture obliterated on specimens at hand.

A fragment of 4 whorls tapers from 11.5 to 8 mm. in 25.5 mm. length.

This species appears to be intermediate between T. mississippiensis
Conrad from Vicksburg and T. systoliata Dall from the Tampa silex
bed, resembling the former in that the posterior of the two prominent
cords is the larger, and resembling the latter in the constriction of the
whorls.

T. anguillana is closely related to T. halensis Dall from Bainbridge,
but in T. halensis the constriction is limited to the middle third of the
whorl.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6894, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167008.

Turritella dubiosa, new species.

(Plate 4, Figure 4.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell conic, rapidly expanding; whorls nearly flat or very slightly convex,
with a low, sharp, spiral thread at the anterior quarter and a finer thread
adjacent to the suture; median portion smooth; posterior third with two or
more low, spiral threads; suture very little impressed.

Length of fragment of about 5 whorls, 26 mm.

This species is represented in the collection by a single slightly
crushed fragment. The figure is from a photograph of the broader side.
Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6965, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167009.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 121

Turritella forresti Brown.
(Plate 4, Figures 5, 6, 7.)
Turritella forresti Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 613, plate 20, figs. 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 1913 •

The following is the original description of this species:

"Shell elongate, slowly tapering, of many whorls, with a raised sculpture
of three major spiral ridges, of which the one towards the apex is double and
beaded, the next one is at first single, but later becomes double and beaded,
while the third is, in the younger stage, not beaded. Between these major
revolving spiral ridges are finer revolving spirals, about five between the first
and second major spirals, and the same number between the second and third
spirals, with a like number from the third spiral to the suture. These second-
ary spirals may become knotty and beaded when crossed by the diagonal
growth lines, and the doubling of the major spirals comes from one of these
minor spirals becoming enlarged on that side of the major spiral towards the
apex. The suture becomes depressed by the shell being excavated above the
suture or on the basal side of the whorl. A fragment of 14 mm. tapers from 4
mm. to 2 mm. in six whorls. A larger fragment tapers from 6 mm. to 4 mm.
in a length of 13 mm."

Localities. — North of the cathedral, St. Johns, Antigua, station 6866,
Vaughan; Willoughby Bay, Antigua, Brown.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Types. — Philadelphia Academy, No. 1644.
Figured specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167005.

Turritella crocus, new species.
(Plate 4, Figure 8.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell acute-conic; whorls nearly twice as wide as high, with 2 strong, high,
revolving ribs separated by a deep, evenly concave depression; anterior rib
round to acutish, with concave slope to the suture; posterior rib round, with
flattish posterior slope to the suture; suture deeply impressed; obscure traces
of revolving, impressed lines on median depression and on posterior rib; base
nearly flat; aperture oval or subquadrangular.

Alt. of decollated specimen, 4 whorls remaining, 28 mm.; diam. of body-
whorl, 11.9 mm. The body-whorl of a larger specimen measures 18.5 mm.
in diameter.

The median groove of this species recalls T. ambulacrum Sby., but
comparison shows the latter to be entirely distinct.

A very closely related, if not identical, species occurs in limestone
at "E-l Salts," Chiapas, Mexico, in the area marked as Pliocene by
Bose.

Localities. — Upper bed at Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6967 (type),
6894, and 6893. A fragment, apparently of T. crocus, was found at
Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, and another, possibly of the
same species, near Jackass Point, St. Johns Bay, Antigua, station 6865.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167000.

122 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Solarium species.
(Plate 4, Figure 10.)

From Crocus Bay, Anguilla, there are two specimens of Solarium.
The smaller, which is figured, is a fragment of 3| whorls from station
6965. The upper surface is ornamented with a sculpture of radiating
and revolving lines, as in S. bellastriatum; the lower surface is embedded
in a matrix of hard, yellow limestone. The larger specimen is 23 mm.
in diameter. The sculpture, except for prominent revolving lines on
the upper surface, is obliterated. The suture is deeply impressed.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6965 and 6967, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167015.

Bythinella antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry.

Bythinctta antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 212, text-fig. 1,
1914.

The following is the original description of this species:

"The shell is oblong, pupiform, smooth; outlines of the spire convex, the
apex conspicuously obtuse. Whorls 4, very convex, aperture vertical, shortly
ovate, its length contained 2£ times in that of the shell; peristome in one plane,
thin.

"Length 1.8, diam. 1.1, length of aperture 0.7 mm.

" This very minute form is not rare. It has the very obtuse summit and the
pupiform shape of the species usually referred to Bythinella, rather than the
shape of Paludestrina, if, indeed, the two groups are distinct. Of course, any
generic reference of a minute Amnicoloid shell of this sort is purely provisional,
unless it is from a region where the recent fauna and its antecedents are well
known."

Locality. — Dry Hill, Antigua, Brown.
Type. — Philadelphia Academy.

Xenophora species.

A species of Xenophora with very convex, closely appressed whorls
showing few scars of attachment is abundant in the Oligocene of
Crocus Bay, Anguilla (stations 6893, 6894, 6966, 6967). An indeter-
minable cast of a Xenophora was collected from the upper Eocene on
the northwest side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, station 6925,
Vaughan, collector.

Genus ELMIRA, new genus.

The following is a description of this genus:

Shell rapidly increasing in size; whorls few, rapidly descending; holostome;
imperforate.

Genotype. — Elmira cornu-arietis Cooke, n. sp.

This genus appears to belong to the Paludinidae, but has fewer whorls
and is much more rapidly expanding than the other members of that
family.

TERTIARY MOLLUSC A. 123

Elmira cornu-arietis, new species.

(Plate 5, Figures 9 a-c.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell corniform, imperforate, thin, rapidly increasing in size, with 2 evenly
convex rapidly descending whorls; suture deeply impressed; aperture entire,
circular; inner lip and part of the convex base concealed by a thin callus;
surface malleated and with obscure broad revolving grooves crossed by
rugose, undulating growth-lines.

Axial elevation, 32 mm. ; diameter, 34 mm.

As the shell is broken away at the apex, the apparent fewness of
volutions may be due, in part, to the obliteration of the sutural impres-
sions in the asphalt of which the cast is composed.

Locality.— Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, stations
3652, 5312.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167036.

Ampullina anguillana, new species.
(Plate 4, Figures 9 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell globose, of about 5| whorls, striated in accordance with the lines of
growth at intervals on the body-whorl of about 0.6 mm.; spire low; base
covered with a broad, convex callus.

Alt., 43 mm.; diam., 42.5 mm.

This shell resembles A. fischeri Ball, which has a flatter and pro-
portionately much narrower callus. The shape of the whorls and the
elevation of the spire are about as in A. fischeri.

Localities. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6965 (type), 6966, 6893?,
6894, Vaughan, collector; also in the form of casts at Consolacion del
Sur, Cuba, station 3474, the Alcalde, collector.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167021.

Ampullina (?), indeterminate species.

An indeterminable cast.

Locality. — Between Colombier Point and bay next to St. Jean Bay,
St. Bartholomew, station 68976, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Ampullina ( Ampullinopsis) spenceri, new species.
(Plate 5, Figures 1-3.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell large, thick, of about 7 whorls; the entire body- whorl, except the base
and sutural channel, ornamented with close, evenly spaced, indistinct,
impressed punctate revolving lines, visible only on well-preserved specimens;
apex small, pointed; spire moderately low; suture deeply excavated; whorls
angulated at the sutural channel; greatest convexity below the middle of the
whorl; base flat or slightly convex, separated from the remainder of the body-

124 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

whorl by a distinct, sometimes impressed line; callus turgid, of variable width,
usually concealing much of the umbilicus.

Dimensions — Alt., 38 mm.; diam., 39 mm.; length of body-whorl at aperture, 35.5 mm.
37 38.5 35.0

53.5 55 50.5

This species closely resembles A. amphora Heilprin, but the spire is
less elevated than in that species.

Locality. — The two cotypes were collected by J. W. Spencer in
Antigua; a larger but less perfect specimen was obtained by Vaughan
at the bluff on the north side of Willoughby Bay, Antigua (station
6881). Casts of a similar, perhaps identical, species were collected at
Crocus Bay, Anguilla (station 6894).

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene, Antigua formation.

Types.— U. S. Nat, Mus. No. 167031.

Sinum chipolanum (Dall)
(Plate 5, Figures 6 a, 6.)

Sigaretus chipolanus Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 379, plate 17, fig. 7, 1892.
Sinum chipolanum Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 90, p. 109, plate 12, fig. 29; plate 16, fig. 1, 1915.

The following is the original description of this species:

"Shell solid, rather thick, varying in rotundity with age, the young ones
as a rule being more naticoid in shape, while the more advanced are relatively
flatter, and the fully mature specimens again are more rotund; whorls four or
five, sculptured with rather fine, flattish, revolving threads of varying size,
separated by channelled interspaces, varying in width and minutely undulated
or reticulated by the sharp, close-set, fine incremental lines; aperture large,
oblique; base somewhat flattened, periphery rounded; pillar lip arched,
broad, flattened somewhat and sometimes excavated, with a narrow sulcus
behind it, running up to the imperf orate umbilical region; callus on the body
moderate, lip not reflected. Max. Ion. of adult 33 ; diam. 27 mm. ; Ion. of young
shell 16.5; axial elevation 11; diam, 15 mm.

"This species is most nearly related to S. declivis, from which it may be
separated by its closed umbilicus and the absence of the emargination of the
pillar, which is the most characteristic feature of declivis. It also recalls S.
bilix var. mississippiensis, which has a perforate umbilicus and is more rotund.
The sculpture may be close or sparse; it varies in this respect in nearly all
the species."

The specimen from Anguilla is more depressed and much less rotund
than is customary for S. chipolanum, but comes well within the range
of variability of that species in those respects. It is very much less
rotund than the form from the Tampa "silex" bed, which may be
specifically distinct from S. chipolanum.

The dimensions of the figured specimen are as follows: max. Ion.,
16.9 mm.; axial elevation, 10 mm.; diam., 11 mm.

Localities. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6894, Vaughan; also Chipola.

Geological horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 112967.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat, Mus. No. 167033.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 125

Turbo antiguensis, new species.
(Plate 5, Figures 4 a-c.)

The following is a description of this species:

Spire moderately elevated, imperf orate; whorls convex, with greatest
diameter below the middle of the whorl; suture impressed; surface covered
with revolving rows of nodules, about 20 on the body-whorl; on the body-
whorl the nodules of the 3 or 4 rows nearest to the suture are elongated
obliquely and fused with those of the adjacent rows, producing falsely pro-
tractive ribbing; remaining nodular rows alternating in size; secondary sculp-
ture of fine revolving threads within the internodular and interfilar spaces on
the base, but not crossing the nodes.

Alt., 23 mm.; diam., 24 mm.

This species resembles in shape and size Turbo crenorugatus Heilprin
from the Tampa "silex" bed, but is differently sculptured; it is probably
related to the unfigured T. dominicensis Gabb from Santo Domingo.

Locality. — Rifle Butts, Antigua, station 6854, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type—It. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167034.

Turbo species.

The following is a partial description of this species :

One mold of a Turbo with a high spire. The sculpture of the whorls above
the carina is indistinct, but several revolving threads are visible. The base
of the shell is ornamented with 4 or 5 strong revolving threads between which
are several smaller beaded threads. The basal fascicle is rather large and
prominent.

Alt., about 23 mm.; diam., about 20 mm.

This species is quite distinct from T. antiguensis and T '. crenorugatus
and appears to be undescribed.

Locality. — Consolacion del Sur, Cuba, station 3474, the Alcalde,
collector.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Margarita naticoides, new species.

(Plate 5, Figures 5 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell naticoid, polished, pearly within, smooth except for fine growth-lines;
whorls 3|, strongly convex anteriorly, but flattened or slightly concave in
front of the suture; suture distinct; spire low; base convex; aperture circular;
outer lip attenuated, inner lip incrassated ; umbilicus rudimentary.

Alt., 10.5 mm.; width, 11.4 mm.; length of aperture, 8 mm.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, stations
3652, 5312, Wiebusch, collector.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167028.

126 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Neretina? grandis, new species.
(Plate 5, Figures 7, 8.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell large, rapidly expanding; younger whorls shouldered, older whorls
rounded; spire very low, largely covered by body-whorl; suture not impressed;
inner walls resorbed.

Alt., about 32 mm.; width, 35 mm.

The generic position of this species is puzzling. The resorption of the
inner walls of the shell, as shown in casts of the interior, ally it with the
Neritidae rather than with the Naticidse, to which it bears a superficial
resemblance. The young shell shows a rather close resemblance in
shape and size to some of the species of Neritina living oh the west
coast of America, but the mature shell attained a length of nearly 8
cm., much larger than any of the known species of that genus. In size
and general appearance the species is not unlike the genus Velates of
the Eocene of the Paris Basin, but appears to lack the superficial
shelly layers which conceal the suture in that genus.

The columellar lip in all the specimens at hand is concealed by the
hard matrix.

Localities. — Anse L4zard and St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, sta-
tions 6926 (type) and 6925, Vaughan. A cast of a species resembling
this in size and shape was obtained recently by me from the Ocala
limestone at the Holder phosphate mine, 5 miles southwest of Inver-
ness, Florida.

Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167038.

Planorbis siliceus Brown and Pilsbry.

Planorbis siliceus Brown and Pilsbry, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 212, plate 9, figs, la,
3o, 5a, 6a, 1914.

The following is the original description of this species :

"This is a species of the section Trop'corbis. The shell is rather thick, with
the periphery rounded, more convex towards the right side. The two sides
are about equal in width of the concavity, but that on the right side pene-
trates more deeply, being vortex shaped. The last whorl is rounded on this
side. On the left side the last whorl is subangular and the cavity is less
infundibuliform.

"Diameter 3.5, greatest alt. 1.7 mm.
" 5 " " 2.1 "

"This species belongs to a widely spread group of the modern tropical
American fauna."

Locality. — Dry Hill Point, Antigua, station 6867, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type. — Philadelphia Academy.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 127

Scapharca (Scapharca) anguillana, new species.
(Plate 5, Figures 10 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell of moderate size, inequilateral, with elevated prosoccelous beaks
situated at the anterior third; right valve with 31 rounded ribs separated by
flat interspaces of equal width, the ribs on the anterior end set with erect
rounded, disk-like tubercles with longer axis parallel to the lines of growth and
separated by narrower spaces ; on the remaining ribs the tubercles are replaced
by low nodes which become obsolete near the posterior end of the shell; left
valve unknown; cardinal area with a raised margin, high, with about 8 wavy
grooves; hinge-line short, with about 58 teeth, small and vertical mesially,
larger and oblique distally.

Alt., 30 mm.; Ion., 32 mm.; diam. of right valve, 8 mm.; length of hinge,
22mm.

This species is very closely related to A. chiriquiensis Gabb from
Chiriquf, Panama, from which it can be distinguished by the smaller
size and much greater number of tubercles on the Anguillan species.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6964, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167044.

Scapharca willobiana, new species.
(Plate 5, Figures 11 a, &.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell of moderate size, elliptical, with low beaks situated at the anterior
third. Valves with about 35 ribs with fine, regular, concentric beading,
except on the posterior slope, where the ribs are almost smooth; near the
margin the ribs are flattened and some of them show an incipient channeling
which probably becomes more pronounced on larger shells. Hinge line long,
straight. Both ends of shell rounded, the anterior with shorter radius than the
posterior. Spaces between the ribs nearly equal in width to the ribs and
crossed by evenly spaced, raised lines continuous with the beads on the ribs.
Cardinal area long and narrow.

Long., 23 mm.; alt., 15 mm.; diam., 9 mm.

The type is a young specimen which has been crushed in the umbonal
region but is otherwise well preserved.

This species may be distinguished from Scapharca hypomela Dall by
its much more elliptical outline, rounded margins, and fewer ribs.

Locality. — North side of Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881,
Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat, Mus. No. 167040.

Pinna vaughani, new species.

(Plate 9, Figures 4 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell rapidly expanding, valves mesially carinate; sculpture of longitudinal
riblets about 7 on dorsal area and about 5 below the carina, lower half of
ventral area smooth, except for growth lines.

Length of fragment, 58 mm.; height, 37 mm.; depth, 28 mm.

128 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

A single fragment was collected by Dr. Vaughan, in whose honor the
species is named. It is broken at both ends and has been rendered
somewhat unsymmetrical by pressure, which has also increased the
acuteness of the carinal angles.

This species is not unlike P. carnea Gmelin, but that species has
rudimentary riblets on the lower part of the ventral area.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, AnguilLa, station 6894, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167047.

Ostrea antiguensis Brown.
(Plate 6, Figures 1 a, b, 2 a, 6.)

Ostrea antiguensis Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 614, plate 19, fig. 7; plate 20,
figs. 1, 5, 6; 1913.

The following is the original description of this species :

"Shell ovate or nearly orbicular, thick and dense, externally radially plicate
or sometimes nearly smooth, the plications on the lower, deep valve begin
at the beak and are usually seven in number, of which a group of five ridges
is separated from the other two by a broad depression; the ridges sharp and
spinose or obtuse and even, the furrows or depressions smooth and rounded.
Hinge moderate, the shell rapidly widening beyond the end of the hinge line,
the plications usually dying away as the margin of the adult shell is reached,
and this margin in the lower valve being turned up abruptly for one-half inch
or more, making a cup-shaped valve. The muscle impression is distinct, more
strongly impressed in the case of the deep valve; situated on the left and
nearer to the beak than to the opposite margin. The lower valve is more or
less excavated internally, the upper valve is flat. When strongly plicate and
even spinose, this species closely resembles 0. gatunensis B. and P., except
that this latter species has not the heavy shell of 0. antiguensis nor has it the
turned-up margin. 0. haitensis Sowb. has the rugose exterior of this species
in its strongly plicate form, but while the shell is heavy, it lacks the upturned
edge of 0. antiguensis. Length 85 mm., alt. 80 mm., depth of lower valve
30mm.

"In size and plication 0. antiguensis varies largely, but of the specimens
collected the longest shells do not run far from 90 mm. in altitude. As regards
plication, some are nearly smooth and some are strongly rugose, even in some
cases spinose, but all may be distinguished by the broad furrow which runs
across the exterior of the lower valve about opposite to the muscle impression
and which divides the rugae into a group of five and one of two. The species
differs also from all other closely related American species by the upturned
margin of this lower valve and the correspondingly reflexed margin of the
upper or flat valve."

This is a heavy, massive species, resembling, in that respect, 0.
podagrina Dall. The broad depression on the lower valve, although
usually present, is not a constant feature, but is occasionally absent,
even on plicate individuals. A rather persistent character is a long,
crescent-shaped excavation on the interior of the lower valve, extending
practically the entire length of the shell. The upturning and reflexing
of the margins, mentioned by Professor Brown, is not a noticeable
feature of the specimens in the Vaughan collection.

TERTIARY MOLLUSC A. 129

Localities. — Rifle Butts, Wetherell Point, Hodge's Bluff, Long
Island, Blizzard Mill, and, doubtfully, 0.5 mile north of McKinnon's
Mill, and Friar's Hill, Antigua, stations 6854, 6858, 6862, 6869, 6874,
6888, 6856, 6875, Vaughan.

Types. — Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, Nos. 1653 and 1655.

Figured specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167055.

Ostrea species, cf. O. trigonalis Conrad.
(Plate 9, Figure 1.)

fOstrca trigonalis Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 7, p. 259; figured in Wailes's Geol.

Agric. of Miss., plate 14, fig. 10, 1855.

lOstrea podagrina Ball, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 18, p. 22, 1895.
lOstrea podagrina Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 682, plate 30, figs. 5, 6, 1898.

This large, massive species resembles Ostrea trigonalis in the charac-
ter of its hinge, which is broad, straight, and separated into thirds by
a deep triangular pit in each valve. In front of the hinge the shell
continues at about the width of the hinge-line for about 1 cm., beyond
which it is rapidly expanding. The lower valve is very highly inflated
and broadly plicate, much as in 0. podagrina and in the plicate forms of
0. trigonalis and 0. vicksburgensis, all three of which appear to be
closely related and may be merely varieties of one species.

Localities. — Northwest side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, sta-
tions 6924 and 6925. Fragments, probably of the same species, were
obtained at station 6895 and at Governor's Bay, station 6919, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167056.

4

Ostrea haitensis Sowerby.

(Plate 7, Figures 1, 2; Plate 8, Figure 1.)

Ostrea haitensis, Sowerby, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 53, 1850.

O. heermanni Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 5, p. 267, 1853.

O. heermanni Conrad, Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. 5, p. 326, 1855.

O. vespertina Conrad, Pac. R. R. Rept., vol. 5, p. 325, plate 5, figs. 36-38, 1855.

O. virginica var. californicum Marcou, Geol. N. Amer., 1858.

O. virginica Guppy, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 577; not of Gmelin; 1866.

O. vespertina Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 107, 1869.

0. veatchii Gabb, Pal. Cal., vol. 2, p. 34, plate 11, fig. 59; plate 17, fig. 21, 1869.

0. haytensis Gabb, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, n. s., vol. 15, p. 257, 1873.

O. haitensis Dall, Trans. Wag. Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 685, 1898.

O. haitensis Joukowski and Clerc, Mem. Soc. Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. de Geneve, vol. 35, p. 170,

plate 6, figs. 20-23, 32-35, 1906.
O. haitensis Maury, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 346, plate 57, figs. 1, 2, 1917.

The following is the original description of this species:

"Testa oblonga, crassa, plicata, plicis paucis (senis ad septenis), magnis,
undulatis, subsquamosis, squamis nonnumquam subtubulosis; limbo interne
omnino glabro."

Two forms of this species are known from Cuba. The first is a large,
heavy shell with close, acute, angular plica?. The number of plicae is
variable; some specimens have 12 or more. The other form, which is
probably the young of the same species, is much smaller, usually not

130 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

plicate, with a long, narrow, usually curved hinge. The valve margins
from the tip of the hinge to about the middle of the shell are dentate in
the upper valve and correspondingly punctate in the attached valve.

Localities. — East of La Cruz and northeast of Santiago, Cuba, sta-
tions 3441, 3443, and 5255. A large specimen, probably of this species,
comes from the gorge of Yumuri River, Cuba, station 3454, Vaughan.
Guajay, Cuba, Barnum Brown.

Type. — British Museum?

Figured specimens.— U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 167059, 167061, 167062.

i

Unio bitumen, new species.
(Plate 9, Figures 3 a-c.)

The following is a description of this species:

^ Shell elongate, moderately inflated, inequilateral; beaks high, apparently
smooth; posterior ridge high near the umbones, becoming broad and low
distally. A broad depression extends from the umbones to the middle of the
ventral margin, producing a concavity in the ventral margin. Anterior mar-
gin acutely rounded; posterior margin broadly rounded; dorsal margin
arcuate. Hinge unknown. Ligament external, preserved in the type.
Length, 68 mm.; diameter, 29.5 mm.

The name Unio is here used in the broad sense, the material at hand
being insufficient to determine the precise generic position of this
species.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, station
3652, Wiebusch, collector.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?

Type.—V. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167063.

Pecten (Pecten) ventonensis, new species.
(Plate 12, Figures 1 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell large, equilateral, inequivalve; right valve convex, with 23 to 25
rather high ribs, flattened on top, usually medially furrowed and closely
transversely grooved or granulate, and separated by equal concave inter-
spaces; left valve concave, with 23 or 24 narrow, even, rounded ribs, becoming
obsolete towards the lateral margins, separated by wider, nearly flat inter-
spaces; right submargins small, plane to convex, nearly smooth; left sub-
margins strongly convex, narrow, nearly smooth; ears subequal, nearly
straight, with a few narrow, obsolescent riblets, strongest on the right anterior
ear; byssal notch shallow; both valves grooved internally in accordance with
the external ribbing; secondary sculpture of fine, close, raised, concentric
lamella, extending over disk and ears alike, but very faint on the submargins
and usually eroded from the ribs of the convex valve.

Alt., 39 mm.; lat., 42 mm.; diam., 11 mm.

This species is closely related to Pecten medius Lam., living off the
southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, from which it
differs as follows : On the right valve the ribs of the fossil extend nearer

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 131

to the beak, are higher, narrower, and more rugose than in P. medius;
the number of ribs is within the range of variation of P. medius, but is
less by one or two than the average for specimens of the same size.
On the left valve the ribs are a little closer together and the lateral
margins are less flaring than in P. medius. The right ears are about as
in P. medius, but the left ears lack the two strong ribs which are nearly
always present near the hinge line on each left ear of the living species.

Localities. — One-half mile inland from the pier of the Juragua" Rail-
road, Santiago Bay, Willcox; Juragua Railroad, La Cruz, first cutting
on road, Vaughan; Vento, province of Havana, Wren; stations 3192,
3439, 4290, 5255.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167102.

Pecten perlatus, new species.
(Plate 13, Figure 3.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell small, suborbicular, tumid; ribs 16, simple except near the margin,
where each contains 3 riblets; interspaces as wide as the ribs; concentric sculp-
ture of raised, widely spaced growth lines, apparently confined to the inter-
spaces; submargins with close radial riblets which form an uninterrupted
series with those on the ears; ears large, equal, finely radially ribbed, scarcely
differentiated from the submargins.

Alt., 11 mm.; lat., 12 mm.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6966, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167068.

Pecten (Chlamys) waylandi, new species.
(Plate 7, Figures 4 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell medium-sized, nearly equilateral, equivalve, with about 30 low ribs
with equal interspaces becoming obsolete towards the depressed submargins;
posterior ears small, oblique, with 4 or 5 faint radial riblets; anterior ears
much larger, with about 12 faint riblets on left ear and 5 or 6 somewhat
coarser riblets on right ear; byssal notch about one-half the length of the ear;
inner margin fluted in accordance with the external ribbing in channels which
probably extend well towards the center of the disk.

Alt., 32.3 mm.; lat., 29 mm.; diam., 12.5 mm.

Although the single specimen upon which this species is founded has
lost so much of the external part of the shell that it is impossible to
make out the details of sculpture, the ears, as well as the outline and
major sculpture of the shell, are so well preserved that it seems worth
while to describe it. The species is not apt to be confused with any
other of this region. It is named in honor of Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan.

Locality. — Santiago, Cuba, station 3440, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167121.

132 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Pecten (Chlamys) anguillensis Guppy.
(Plate 10, Figures 1 a, b, 2.)

Pecten anguillensis Guppy, Proc. Sci. Asso. Trinidad, p. 175, 1867.
Pecten anguillensis Guppy, Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, vol. 1, p. 446, plate 18, fig. 24, 1874.
Pecten (Chlamys) anguillensis Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 715, 1898.
Pecten (Chlamys) anguillensis Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 602, 1913.

The following is Guppy's original description of this species, Decem-
ber 1867:

"Shell fan-shaped, ornamented with radiate muricate striae, and about 10
or 11 prominent rounded ribs, which are crossed by concentric striae, the con-
cave interstices broader than the ribs. Upper valve nearly flat, lower one
gently concave.

"Miocene, Anguilla. Allied to P. peedeensis Tuomey and Holmes, North
America."

The following diagnosis was made from one of Guppy's specimens
which agrees perfectly in size and shape with the published figure of
P. anguillensis and is probably the type specimen. If such is the case
the figure is very bad. The Guppy collection contains two other
specimens, one an internal cast which shows that the shell is grooved
internally in accordance with the external ribbing. A fourth specimen
in the same lot belongs to a different species (Pecten perplexus).

Shell oblique; right valve the more convex, with 12 or 13 ribs, left valve
flatter with 11 ribs; ribs high, round, with equal or slightly wider interspaces;
ribs and interspaces covered with radiating threads; submargins narrow,
steep, apparently smooth; ears small, unequal, with radiating riblets, anterior
the larger.

Alt., 32.8 mm.; lat., 30 mm.; diam., 11 mm.

Pecten anguillensis appears to be much more abundant in Antigua
than in Anguilla. The Antiguan specimens have as many as 15 ribs
and are somewhat variable in convexity and in the shape and elevation
of the ribs. The ribs are broader and not so high as in the specimens
from Anguilla, and the radiating threads are wider spaced and more
elevated ; the latter character may be due to the better state of preser-
vation of the Antiguan specimens.

Localities. — Anguilla, Guppy; Crocus Bay, Anguilla; Hodge's Bluff,
Willoughby Bay, and Friar's Hill, Antigua, Vaughan, stations 6893,
6862, 6881, 6856. Professor Brown records the species also from
Wetherell's Bay, Antigua.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — Probably the specimen figured in this paper (figs. 1 a, 6).

Figured specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 115532 (type), 167097.

Pecten clevei, new species.
(Plate 10, Figures 3, 4.)

The following is a description of this species:

Left valve gently convex, with about 21 small concave ribs, somewhat
variable in size, with nearly equal interspaces; concentric sculpture of minute

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 133

growth-lines visible on submargins and interspaces but eroded on ribs and
ears; 2 or 3 posterior ribs have distant curved imbricating lamellae convex
towards the beak; submargins convex, without ribs, not sharply differentiated
from the ears; ears depressed below the plane of the disk; left anterior ear
large, acutely oblique, with 4 strong, smooth ribs; left posterior ear small,
obtusely oblique, with 2 or 3 faint riblets.

Right valve equilateral, gently convex, with about 20 regular convex ribs,
with nearly equal interspaces, in each of which appears a single thread; ribs
and threads of anterior end with distant, curved lamellae like those on the
left valve; minute, close growth-lines visible in interspaces of anterior end,
but eroded from the remainder of the valve.

Long, of right valve, 30 mm.

The right and left valves have been described separately because of
the possibility that they may prove to belong to different species. The
left valve is the type.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894 and 6965 (type),
Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167094.

Pecten willobianus, new species.
(Plate 11, Figures 1, 2, 3.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell equivalve, nearly equilateral, with 18 or 19 smooth, rounded ribs with
equal interspaces; interspaces with low riblets peripherally; submargins
smooth, convex, sharply delimited from the ears; ears large, smooth, except
the right anterior ear, which is radially ribbed; internal ventral margins with
short flutings in harmony with the radial sculpture.

Alt., 30 mm.; lat., 29 mm.; diam., 10 mm.

i

Locality. — Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Types.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167119.

Pecten vaughani, new species.
(Plate 8, Figures 2, 3, 4.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell small, compressed, equivalve, equilateral, with 14 or 15 smooth,
rounded ribs on right valve, 15 to 17 on left, separated by nearly equal,
rounded interspaces; microscopic sculpture of fine, close, concentric lines;
submargins smooth, steep; ears of left valve nearly equal, smooth, ears of
right valve unequal, anterior ear with about 5 radiating, scabrous riblets;
byssal notch one-half the length of the ear; posterior ear smooth.

Alt., 16 mm.; lat., 16 mm.; diam., about 5 mm.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894 (type), 6893, 6965,
6967, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167084.

134 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Pecten vaughani var. flabellum, new variety.
(Plate 8, Figures 6 a, b, 7.)

The following is a description of this variety:

Shell small, equivalve, depressed, polished, with 15 round, radiating ribs,
rarely extending to the beaks, separated by equal concave interspaces; sub-
margins narrow, smooth, convex, usually separated from the body of the shell
by an angulation; concentric sculpture of close, fine growth-lines, usually
obliterated ; ears large, subequal ; posterior ears smooth except for fine growth-
lines; left anterior ear with obscure radiating riblets, right anterior ear with
about 6 strong scabrous riblets; byssal notch about one-half the length of the
ear; interior of the disk grooved in accordance with the ribbing.

Alt., 22 mm.; lat., 22 mm.; diameter of joined valves, about 7 mm.

Pecten vaughani closely resembles this variety, but is usually a little
smaller, the ribs are narrower and generally extend to the beak, and
the submargins are flatter and more acutely angulated than those of
the Cuban form. In general appearance typical Pecten vaughani is
neater and more clean-cut than the variety flabellum.

Localities. — La Cruz and Santiago, Cuba, stations 3192, 3439, 3441,
3446, and 5255 (types) ; Vaughan, Black.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167089.

Pecten gardnerae, new species.
(Plate 7, Figures 5, 6.)

The following is a description of this species :

Right valve inflated, with 15 round ribs a little wider than the interspaces;
submargins slightly convex, steep; anterior ear with about 6 radiating riblets,
byssal notch one-half the length of the ear; posterior ear large, nearly rect-
angular; sculpture of close, minute growth-lines over entire shell.

Alt. of right valve, 21 mm.; lat., 21.5 mm.

Left valve flatter, with about 16 even, rounded ribs a little narrower than
the interspaces; submargins convex, steep; anterior ear acutely oblique, with
two or three very faint, broad, radiating riblets; posterior ear rectangular;
concentric sculpture of minute, elevated, very close-set lines extending over
entire shell, but on the disk grouped into bands or growth stages about 0.3
mm. wide.

Alt. of left valve, 22.6 mm.; lat., 22.3 mm.

The right valve is much more convex and appears less spreading
than the left, and the concentric sculpture is much less distinct. This
last feature is probably due to the better state of preservation of the
left valve. I have described the valves separately on account of the
possibility that they may belong to different species.

Pecten gardnerce has closer, higher, and more strongly convex ribs
than P. vaughani and the ribs, in the specimens at hand, extend to the
beaks. The secondary sculpture is very different.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 135

This species closely resembles the figure of P. cercadica Maury from
Cercado de Mao, Santo Domingo, but seems to be a little less spreading
and to have differently shaped ears. In the description of P. cercadica,
a left valve, no mention is made of any grouping of the growth-lines on
the disk.

This species is named in honor of Miss Julia Gardner, whose mono-
graphs (unfortunately delayed in publication) on the Miocene Mol-
lusca of Virginia and North Carolina and of the Alum Bluff formation
constitute an important contribution to American paleontology.

Locality. — Santiago, Cuba, station 3440, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167113 (right valve).

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167114 (left valve).

Pecten crocus, new species.
(Plate 9, Figures 2 a, b; Plate 11, Figure 9.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell equivalve, inequilateral, moderately convex; about 22 round ribs,
separated by slightly narrower interspaces; surface of the ribs with curved
imbricating spines, convex towards the umbones, and with very faint radiating
striae; interspaces with sculpture of fine, close-set, concentric striae; near
the ventral margin a small thread appears in each interspace; submargins
depressed, ornamented with small radial threads and fine concentric striae;
ears moderately large, subequal, with radial, nodose riblets.

Alt., 39 mm.; lat., 36 mm.; diam., 14 mm.

Locality. — Roadside, descent to Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6893,
also 6894 and 6965, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167079.

Pecten (Lyropecten) pittieri Ball.
(Plate 13, Figure 5.)

Pecten (Lyropecten) pittieri Dall, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 59, No. 2, p. 10, 1912.

The following is the original description of this species:

" Shell large, nearly equivalve, suborbicular, coarsely sculptured; left valve
moderately convex, with ten strong rounded ribs, obsolete distally, with shal-
low rounded interspaces at first narrower, afterwards wider than the ribs;
submargins wide, subequal, radially sculptured with coarse, somewhat irregu-
lar threads, about ten in number, which when perfect have a fine, concentric,
imbricate sculpture; similar radial sculpture covers both valves, the threads
coarser and more regular on the right valve; of the major ribs on the left valve,
five alternating ones bear on their proximal halves six to ten prominent, thin
evenly spaced, vaulted scales, resembling those of P. imbricatus Gmelin;
similar scales are wanting in the right valve; ears subequal, with about half a
dozen radial threads and dense, concentric sculpture; margin of the valve
wavy, not sulcate; interior with ten deeply channelled, wide sulci correspond-
ing to the external ribs, the angles of the interspaces emphasized near the
valve margin; hinge with a deep subtriangular pit for the resilium, a strong

136 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

anterior ridge and two marked posterior grooves with a ridge between them.
Adductor scar large, with a rather ragged margin. Right valve with eleven
stronger ribs, each carrying five or six riblets, with two or three similar riblets
in the interspaces ; the proximal halves of the ribs are slightly undulated but
not scaly; ears subequal, rudely imbricate on the dorsal margin and on the
four or five radial threads of the anterior ear; ctenolium with about 16 spines,
byssal notch narrow, angular; hinge-line grooved reciprocally to that of the
left valve. Height 132; length of shell 152; of hinge-line 82; max. diameter
omitting spines 46 mm.

"This fine and remarkable species is somewhat intermediate between
Lyropecten and Nodipecten, and when young must have the aspect of a Chlamys
much like C. imbricatus."

The figured specimen, a right valve from the gorge of Yumuri
River, Cuba, is smaller than the type and has higher ribs. It measures
68 mm. in altitude and 72 mm. in latitude. A fragment of a left valve
measuring 190 mm. in altitude has been obtained near the mouth of
Macambo River, Cuba.

Localities. — Moin Hill, near Port Limon, Costa Rica, niveau a
Pittier (type); gorge of Yumuri River below Iglesia Mont Serrato,
Matanzas, Cuba, station 3468, Vaughan (figured specimen) ; Santiago,
Cuba, station 5255, Black; near mouth of Macambo River, Cuba,
station 7533, Meinzer.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 214368.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167123.

Pecten (Nodipecten) articulosus, new species.
(Plate 7, Figures 7, 8.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell moderately large, nearly equivalve, slightly oblique, convex; sculpture
of 8 to 11 large round ribs with equal concave interspaces, smooth except for
close, faint, radial striations which appear distally on both ribs and inter-
spaces of large specimens; ribs on right valve obscurely nodular, ribs on left
valve prominently nodular, the undulations affecting the whole of the disk
as in P. condylomatus; submargins rather wide, compressed in the umbonal
region but expanding distally, smooth, except for close faint radial strias on
the distal portion; ears small, subequal, the surface faintly radially threaded.

Alt. of right valve (type) 55 mm., lat. 61 mm., diam. 19 mm.; alt. of left
valve 55 mm., lat. 58 mm. (edge broken), diam. 19 mm.

This species resembles Pecten condylomatus Dall in shape and size,
but is more nearly equivalve, has larger and fewer ribs, and lacks the
secondary sculpture. It is represented in the collection by 3 right
valves and 4 left valves.

Locality. — Disintegrated limestone in a quarry near asylum near
Guajay, 15 miles southwest of Havana, Cuba, Barnum Brown, col-
lector.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — American Museum of Natural History.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 137

Pecten (JSquipecten) decorus, new species.
(Plate 13, Figures 8 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell small, equivalve, moderately convex, slightly oblique, with about 25
ribs, of which one or two are obsolescent; hinge-line three-fifths the entire
length of the shell; submargins narrow, with obsolete ribs, merging with the
disk; ears large, equal, with 8 or 9 scaly radiating riblets, posterior ears
rectangular, byssal notch about one-half the length of the ear; secondary
sculpture of scaly riblets, 3 on each rib and 3 in each interspace, scales spaced
3 or 4 per millimeter, concave towards the umbones, erect or inclined toward
the margin.

Alt. 30 mm., lat. 29 mm., diameter of united valves 15 mm.

The type, a specimen with united valves, is unique.

Locality. — Disintegrated limestone in quarry near the asylum near
Guajay, 15 miles southwest of Havana, Cuba, Barnum Brown, col-
lector.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — American Museum of Natural History.

Pecten (JEquipecten) oxygonum Sowerby?
(Plate 8, Figure 5.)

Pecten oxygonum Sowerby., Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 52, 1849.
Pecten exasperatus Guppy, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 294, 1866.
Pecten angusticostatus Gabb, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new ser., vol. 15, p. 256, 1873.
Pecten (dZquipecteri) oxygonum Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 713, 1898.
Pecten (JZquipecten) oxygonum Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 601, 1913.

The following is the original description of this species :

"Testa suborbicularis, subobliqua, tumida, costellis radiantibus 19, superne
acutangulis, mterstitiisque aequalibus lineis incrementi concinne decussatis;
auribus inaequalibus, laevibus, radiatim costellatis, costellis tenuissimis."

The following is a new description of this species :

Shell suborbicular, slightly convex, with 19 or more low, rounded, radiating
ribs, separated by equal, shallow interspaces; secondary sculpture of numerous
narrow, radiating threads. Length, 35 mm.

We possess of this species only two fragments which it would be
unsafe to identify without material for comparison ; there can be little
doubt, however, that they represent the species reported by A. P.
Brown from the same locality and identified by him from specimens
from Santo Domingo, where the type of Pecten oxygonum was collected.

Locality. — Lower bed at Hodge's Bluff, Antigua, station 6862,
Vaughan; Santo Domingo, Bowden.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — British Museum?

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167065.

138 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Pecten species, cf. Pecten oxygonum Sowerby.

(Plate 10, Figure 7.)
IPecten oxygonum optimum Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 601, 1913.

The following is a description of this species:

Shell with many low, nearly obsolete ribs, each of which consists of 3 or
more radial threads with concentric, scabrous growth-lines.

This is probably the species referred by Professor Brown to P.
oxygonum optimum Brown and Pilsbry. The single specimen in the
National Museum has very much lower ribs than are shown in the
figure of the Panamanian form.

Locality.— Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, Vaughan.

Geological horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen.— U '. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167066.

Pecten (.flSquipecten) perplexus, new species.
(Plate 8, Figures 8, 9, 10.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell equivalve, equilateral, with 19 or 20 simple ribs with narrower inter-
spaces; minute sculpture of V-shaped spines arranged in longitudinal rows
on ribs and interspaces, those in the interspaces concave above and ventrally
inclined; submargins narrow, smooth or with a few radial threads; Camp-
tonectes striation present; ears large, subequal, with fine radial ribs, coarser
and nodose on right anterior ear; byssal notch one-half the length of the ear;
inner margin crenulated in accordance with the external ribbing.

Alt., 28.5 mm.; lat., 26.5 mm.

The spines are very easily eroded, leaving the shell either perfectly
smooth or with a single row of minute scales on the sides of the ribs.

Localities.— Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6893, 6894, 6966, 6967,
6971, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Types.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167076.

Pecten (^quipecten) thetidis Sowerby.
(Plate 11, Figures 4, 5, 6.)

Pecten thetidis Sowerby, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 52, 1850. (Date of imprint,

1849.)
Pecten thetidis Gabb, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., vol. 8, p. 346, plate 45, figs. 23,

23 a, b, 1881.

Pecten thetidis Gabb, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., new ser., vol. 15, p. 256, 1881.
Pecten (dZquipecten) thetidis Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 602, 1913.
Pecten (JZquipecten) thetidis Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst. Sci., vol. 3, p. 714, 1898.
Pecten (JEquipecten) thetidis Maury, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 349, plate 60, fig. 6, 1917.

The following is the original description of this species:

"Testa orbicularis, tumida, radiatim costata, costarum marginibus quad-
ratis, ad utrumque latus squamuliferis, squamulis minutissimis, interstitiis
rugulosis; auribus inaequalibus, radiatim costatis, costellis squamulosis."

TERTIARY MOLLUSC A. 139

The following is a new description of this species :

Shell orbicular, tumid, with 19 radiating ribs, simple to about 10 mm. from
the beak, but each with two lateral riblets on the mature part of the shell;
spaces between the ribs deep, concave, a little narrower than the ribs, set with
riblets near the periphery; surface covered with concentric imbrications which
are produced into blunt spines on top of the ribs and riblets; submargins with
numerous radiating riblets; ears rather large, with radiating threads and con-
centric imbrications.

Alt., 21 mm.; lat., 23 mm.; diam., about 5 mm.

Localities. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6965 and 6967, Vaughan ;
Santiago, Cuba, station 5255, Black; Santo Domingo, Bowden.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type. — British Museum, from Santo Domingo.
Figured specimens— U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 167069, 167070, 167071.

Pecten (./Equipecten) jacobianus, new species.
(Plate 11, Figures 7 a, b, 8.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell equivalve, slightly oblique, moderately convex, with about 16 low,
broad, radiating medial ribs and several additional obsolete distal ribs; addi-
tional radial sculpture of raised threads, usually one on summit and one or
more on each side of every rib and one or two in the interspaces, increasing in
number by interpolation towards the periphery; concentric sculpture of low,
wavy lamellae, crossing ribs, threads, and interspaces; Camptonectes striation
present; posterior ears oblique, with faint radiating threads crossed by fine
lamellae; anterior ears the larger, with coarser threads; byssal notch about
one-half the length of the ear; ctenolium present; inner margin grooved in
accordance with the external ribbing, but grooves do not extend over the
medial portion of the disk.

Alt., 29 mm.; lat., 27.5 mm.; diameter, 9 mm.

Localities. — Santiago, Cuba, stations 3436, 3440 (type), 3443, 3447,
Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167115.

Pecten (Plagioctenium) crucianus, new species.
(Plate 10, Figures 8, 9 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell suborbicular, slightly oblique, moderately convex, with nearly equal
valves and 20 to 22 convex ribs with equal interspaces, each containing 1
riblet; near the periphery 1 riblet is developed on the summit of each rib;
submargins faintly ribbed; entire disk covered with minute, close, concentric,
raised lamellae, fused on the summits of the riblets into evenly spaced, raised,
transversely elongate nodes; anterior ears the larger; right anterior ear with
about 5 strong riblets, other ears with many fine riblets; posterior ears oblique;
byssal notch deep; internal surface channeled in harmony with the external
ribbing.

Alt., 35.4 mm.; lat., 35.4 mm.; diam. of left valve, 7.4 mm.

140 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Localities. — La Cruz and Santiago, Cuba, stations 3439, 3440 (type),
3441, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167108.

Pecten species, cf. Pecten crucianus Cooke.

Fragments differing slightly in sculpture from P. crucianus, but
apparently closely related to it, were found at Crocus Bay, Anguilla.
These fragments show no fusion of the concentric lamellae — a charac-
teristic of P. crucianus.

Localities. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6893 and 6967.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Pecten (Plagioctenium) gabbi Dall.
(Plate 12, Figure 8.)

Pecten (Plagioctenium) gabbi Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 717, plate 29, fig. 3,

1898.
Pecten (Plagioctenium) gabbi Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, p. 602, 1913.

The following is the original description of this species :

"Shell broad, compressed, oblique, inequilateral, with nearly equal valves
and about nineteen concentrically scabrous, longitudinally striated ribs, with
narrow interspaces, each filled with one imbricated riblet.

"Alt. 48, lat. 52, diam. 13 mm."

The type of this species is said to have come from Antigua.

A specimen from Anguilla resembles the type in shape, size, and
number of ribs, but has lost the outer layers of shell carrying the sec-
ondary sculpture.

Localities. — Antigua, Spencer; Crocus Bay, Anguilla (station 6894),
Vaughan. Professor Brown reports this species from Willoughby Bay,
Antigua.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 107753.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167101.

Pecten (Patinopecten) duplex, new species.
(Plate 11, Figures 10 a, 6.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell equilateral, large; right valve gently convex, left valve nearly flat;
ribs 20, each with a shallow groove on top; ears large, subequal; surface sculp-
ture of close-set, concentric, raised lines nearly straight in the interspaces but
convex towards the beaks on the ribs.

Alt., 52 mm.; diam., 11 mm.

This species, although represented by a single broken specimen,
should be easily recognized. Its closest relative seems to be P. healeyi
Arnold from the Pliocene of California, which is a much larger species
and lacks the grooves on the ribs of the flat valve.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 141

Locality. — Long Island, Antigua, station 6869, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167107.

Pecten nodosissimus, new species.
(Plate 7, Figure 3.)

The following is a description of this species :

Right valve nearly flat, equilateral, with 15 ribs equal in width to the inter-
spaces. Each rib has 3 lines of bead-like nodes, 1 median line and 2 lateral
lines. Submargins strongly convex, apparently smooth and sharply differ-
entiated from the ears. The ears are broken, but appear to have been rather
large; the left posterior ear had several faint radiating threads.

Altitude, 25 mm.

The sculpture of this shell is so peculiar that I have ventured to
describe it in spite of its fragmentary condition.

Locality. — Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167131.

Pecten perlineatus, new species.
(Plate 10, Figure 5.)

The following is a description of this species :

Left (?) valve flat, equilateral, with 16 round ribs with wider shallow, con-
cave interspaces; radial sculpture of fine, close-set, raised lines covering both
ribs and interspaces; submargins convex; ears much depressed below the plane
of the disk.

Alt., 35 mm.; lat., about the same.

Locality. — Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167130.

Pecten nugenti Brown ?

(Plate 10, Figure 6.)
Pecten nugenti Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 614, plate 19, figs. 2, 5, 6, 1913.

The following is the original description of this species:

"Shell inequivalve, oval in outline, with 17 distinct rounded radial ribs
(and probably 2 additional less distinct ones) separated by narrower inter-
spaces, the whole exterior surface covered by concentric growth lines which
are raised and produce a nearly microscopic sculpture extending equally over
ribs and interspaces. Internally smooth, except near the margin, where
raised ribs are seen, occupying the intervals between the raised external ribs.
On the flatter valve, externally the raised ribs are equal in width with the
intervals between them, and the concentric sculpture, while extending over
ribs and interspaces, is stronger in the intervals between the ribs. Ears
moderate, apparently not ribbed. The specimens vary considerably in size;
the one figured, a small specimen, measures: Length 41 mm. by height 36 mm.
Others were much larger, attaining a length of 55 mm. or more."

142 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

One poorly preserved specimen is doubtfully referred to P. nugenti.

Locality. — Hodge's Bay, Antigua, station 6862, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Cotypes. — Phila. Acad., No. 1656.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167067.

Pecten species.
(Plate 13, Figure 4.)

The Vaughan collection contains a fragment of a Pecten, probably
new, which is very convex and when entire had probably about 25
round ribs with equal interspaces. It has a concentric sculpture of
close raised lines. The margin is fluted within in accordance with the
external ribbing and set with paired raised lines corresponding to the
interspaces. These raised lines end abruptly at a distance of about 2
mm. from the margin, but are continued on the inner layers of the shell.

Locality. — Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167132.

Pecten (Amusium) lyonii (Gabb.)

(Plate 13, Figures 1 a, b, 2.)

Pecten mortoni Guppy, Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, vol. 1, p. 443, 1874. (Not of Ravenel.)
Pleuronedia lyonii Gabb., Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 2d ser., vol. 8, p. 347, plate 45, figa.

25 a, b, 1881.
Amusium lyoni Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 719, 1898.

The following is a description of this species :

Shell orbicular, thin, compressed; nepionic shell with about 24 small
rounded ribs which disappear on the adult shell; ears large, equal; right valve
a little more inflated than the left, evenly convex, smooth; left valve nearly
flat, with a broad, shallow, radial depression from beak to margin at the
posterior quarter and a very faint corresponding depression at the anterior
quarter ; left valve with concentric sculpture of fine, impressed lines, between
which the shell is sometimes slightly convex; hinge-line nearly straight; sub-
margins very narrow; interior of the shell with low, equidistant ribs; paired
peripherally.

Alt., 54 mm.; lat., 56 mm.; diam., 13.5 mm.

This shell is very like Amusium precursor Dall, from the Chipola
Oligocene, but that species lacks the nepionic ribbing, which appears
to be a constant feature of the Anguillan form. A. mortoni Ravanel is
quite distinct, being proportionately higher and having a smooth
nepionic shell.

This species is referred to A. lyonii on the authority of Dr. W. H.
Dall, who has identified a right valve in the Guppy collection with
Gabb's shell. It is possible, however, that comparison of the left valve,
which possesses more identifiable characteristics than the right, will
show this species to be distinct from the Costa Rican form. A left
valve from 70 km. west of the terminal of the Tehuantepec Railway,

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 143

identified by Dr. Dall as A. lyonii, is distinct from the Anguillan species,
having on the nepionic shell distinct flattened ribs with shallow, chan-
neled interspaces crossed by concentric, evenly spaced, not crowded,
elevated lines. If this is the true A. lyonii, the Anguillan fossil must
receive a different name.

Localities. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6893, 6966, 6967,
Vaughan; Anguilla, Guppy; Sapote, Costa Rica, Gabb.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type. — Philadelphia Academy.

Figured specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167136.

Pecten (Amusium) antiguensis Brown.
(Plate 13, Figures 6, 7.)

Pecten (Amusium) antiguensis Brown, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 613, plate 18, figs. 1, 2,
3, 5, 1913.

The following is the original description of this species:

" Inequivalve, shell orbicular, rather thin, convex; the surface covered with
a fine concentric sculpture, following the growth-lines; with about 13 radial
ribs running from the beaks, where they are very pronounced, and, in one
valve, apparently disappearing towards the margin, but in the other valve
continued as undulations of the shell to the margin. The interior of the shell
has radial ribs extending to the margin, where the adjacent pairs of ribs con-
tract and are then seen to be paired, but otherwise seeming to be equally
spread as in P. (Amusium) lyonii Gabb, from which this species differs in
having a strong concentric sculpture (wanting in P. lyonii), and also in the
external radial ribbing being continued for a greater distance from the beak
than in Gabb's species. The species is also related to P. sol B. and P., but this
latter has shorter radial external ribs and the internal ribs are paired. The
ears are separated from the rest of the valve by a depression, as in the case of
P. sol. Length and height about equal — 70-75 mm.

"Hodge's Bay and Wetherill's Bay in the Antigua limestone, with Orbitoides,
etc., Oligocene."

The Vaughan collection contains several well-preserved fragments of
this species.

Locality.— Station 6862, lower bed at Hodge's Bluff, Antigua,
Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Types. — Philadelphia Academy, No. 1648.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167139.

Pecten (Hinnites) aratus, new species.
(Plate 12, Figures 2 a, b, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell large, convex, equilateral, flabelliform or suborbicular, inequivalve;
ribs 38, close-set, rounded, in mature specimens flattened distally, crossed by
fine, concentric, imbricate lamellae with spinose projections on the sides of the
ribs; interior narrowly channeled in harmony with the external ribbing; mar-

144 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

gin fluted within; posterior ears oblique, with imbricating growth-lines and
one simple radiating rib adjacent to the abruptly sloping submargins.

Alt. about 46 mm. ; lat. , about 45 mm. ; alt. of largest specimen about 70 mm.

This species, which is curiously intermediate between Pecten and
Spondylus, probably belongs to the subgenus Hinnites. The sculpture
and ears are distinctly pectiniform, but the discrepancy in the shape
and size of the valves is like that of Spondylus.

Localities. — Northwest of St. Jean Bay, point between Anse Ecaille
and Anse Lezard, and point between Colombier Point and bay next to
St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew (stations 6897, 6897a, b, 6905, 6924),
Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Eocene. Near top of the conglomerate series and
beneath the main limestone bed.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167124.

Spondylus bostrychites Guppy.
(Plate 11, Figures 11 a, 6.)

Spondylus bifrons Sowerby, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 6, p. 53, 1850 (date of

imprint, 1849). Not of Goldfuss, 1835.

Spondylus bostrychites Guppy, Proc. Sci. Asso. Trinidad, p. 176, 1867.
Spondylus bostrychites Gabb, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc., vol. 15, n. s., p. 257, 1881.
Spondylus bostrychites Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst. Sci.., vol 3, pt. 4, p. 758, 1898.
Spondylus bostrychites Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 90, p, 124, plate 19, fig. 4, 1915.
Spondylus bostrychites Maury, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 354, plate 58, fig. 4, 1917.

The following is Sowerby's description of this species, 1849:

"Testa subregularis, rotundata, ventricosa, margine latiusculo, valide
denticulate; extus radiatim costata, costis 5 ad 6 spiniferis; area cardinali
alterius valvse angustissima, alterius latiori."

The shell is orbicular, pectiniform, nearly equivalve, with very
small submargins. The spinose ribs are separated by numerous finer,
spineless ribs bearing minute, close-set (2 or 3 per mm.), erect scales.
The short submargins and more rotund form distinguish S. bostrychites
from S. dumosus.

Guppy's collection, now in the National Museum, contains 4 speci-
mens labeled types — 2 specimens from Jamaica and 2 from Anguilla.
The Jamaican forms have coarser intermediate ribs than those from
Anguilla and perhaps other differences might be detected if a larger
suite of specimens were available for comparison. I have not seen
Guppy's description and consequently do not know which form is the
true S. bostrychites. Sowerby's type is from Santo Domingo.

Localities.— Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894, 6965, 6967; Friar's
Hill, Long Island, and Willoughby Bay, Antigua, stations 6856, 6869,
6881, Vaughan; also at Pontou, Santo Domingo; Bowden, Jamaica;
Tampa, Florida.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Types.— U. S. Nat. Mus. Nos. 115522 or 115523.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167140.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 145

i

Spondylus species.

In the Vaughan collection are numerous specimens of a species of
Spondylus which I have been unable to identify with any described
species. It appears to be more rotund than S. dumosus and S. scotti,
but less so than S. bostrychites. The ribs are uniform or slightly
alternating in size and set with the spines customary to the genus.
The finer sculpture, which is of much more diagnostic value than the
coarser, is entirely obliterated in the specimens at hand.

Localities. — Northwest side of St. Jean Bay and point between Anse
Ecaille and Anse Lezard, St. Bartholomew, stations 6897, 6897 a, 6,
6924, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Eocene, near top of the conglomerate series and
beneath the main limestone bed.

Plicatula densata Conrad.
(Plate 11, Figures 12 a, 6.)

Plicatula densata Conrad, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 1, p. 311, 1843.
Plicatula densata Conrad, Foss. of the Medial Tertiary, p. 75, plate 43, fig. 6, 1845.
Spondylus inornatus Whitfield, Miocene Pal. N. J., p. 34, plate 5, figs. 1, 2, 1895.
Plicatula densata Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 2, p. 763 (ex parte), 1898.
Plicatula densata Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 90, p. 125 (ex partc), 1915.

The following is Conrad's description of this species, 1845:

"Ovate, thick, profoundly and irregularly plicated; inferior valve ventricose;
ribs acute, with arched spiniform scales; cardinal teeth large, curved, laterally
striated, crenulated on the margins; larger cardinal tooth in each valve
slightly bifid, broad; muscular impressions prominent.

"Loc. Cumberland Co., New Jersey.

"The valves have about 10 folds, and the lower valve closely resembles a
variety of Ostrea virginiana"

The Cuban form seems indistinguishable from the continental.

Localities. — Santiago, Cuba, stations 3436, 3447, Vaughan; also at
Tampa, Chipola, and Oak Grove, Florida, and in the Miocene of New
Jersey.

Type. — Philadelphia Academy?

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167150.

Modiolus (Botula) cinnamomeus (Lamarck).
(Plate 14, Figures 4, 5.)

Mytilus cinnamominus, etc., Chem., Conch. Cab., vol. 8, p. 152, plate 82, fig. 731, 1785.
Modiola cinnamomea Lam., Anim. sans Vert., vol. 6, p. 114, 1819; ed. Desh., vol. 7, p. 25, 1835.
Modiolus (Botula) cinnamomeus Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, p. 797, 1898.
Modiolus (Botula) cinnamomeus Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 90, p. 128, 1915.

The following is Lamarck's description of this species:

"M. testa subcylindrica, ventricosa, arcuata, utraque extremitate retusa;
natibus subprominulis.

"Habite les mers de FIsle de France. Coquille de couleur marron, ayant
1'aspect d'un gland arque"; a valves tres concave. Longueur, 37 mm."

146 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

The Cuban specimens are well grown, being considerably larger than
most of the fossils from Florida, but agreeing well with mature living
shells. They are preserved only as casts.

Localities. — Near Santiago, Cuba, stations 3192, 5255, Wilcox,
Black; Tampa, Chipola, Caloosahatchee River, Florida; Trinidad.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167153.

Lithophaga nigra (d'Orbigny).
(Plate 14, Figure 6.)

Lithodomus niger d'Orbigny, de la Sagra's Hist, de Cuba (Spanish edition), pt. 2, vol. 5, plat«

28, figs. 10, 11, 1845.

Lithodomus niger d'Orbigny, idem (French edition), vol. 2, p. 331, plate 28, figs. 10, 11, 1847.
Lithophaga nigra Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst., vol. 3, pt. 4, p. 799, 1898.
Lithophaga nigra Dall, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 90, p. 129, 1915.
Lithophaga nigra Maury, Bull, Amer. Pal., vol. 5, p. 358, 1917.

The following is the original description of this species:

"LITHODOMUS testa oblongo-elongata, recta, epidermide nigrescente; latere
buccale angustiore, obtuso; latere anali elongatissimo subterque rotundato,
regione ligamenti subcompresso, regione palleali transversim striato; natibus
mediocribus, contortis intus; latere anali incrassato, albido."

This species may readily be recognized by the fact that its stria?
cease abruptly at an imaginary line drawn from the beak to a point
near the posterior extremity of the ventral margin, leaving the dorsal
portion of the shell smooth.

Localities. — Friar's Hill, Antigua; La Cruz and Santiago, Cuba,
stations 6856, 3441, 5255, Vaughan, Black; Tampa "silex" bed; living in
the Antillean region and adjacent areas.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type.—W

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167156.

Lithophaga species.

The Vaughan collection contains one specimen of this genus which
retains traces of ribbing on the dorsal portion of the valve. As the
outer layers of the shell are absent from the remainder of the valve,
the specific determination must await additional collections. The
species may prove to be L. antillarum (d'Orbigny).

Locality. — One-half mile north of McKinnon's Mill, Antigua, sta-
tion 6888, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Teredo species.

A large species of Teredo was abundant in the Oligocene of Cuba.
The valves have never been found, but tubes of all sizes up to 38 mm.
in external diameter are common. The tubes are divided towards the
smaller ends by a partition into two unequal chambers in the manner
shown in the figure of Kuphus incrassatus Gabb.1

1 Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vol. 8, p. 342, plate 44, figs. 12 a-e.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 147

Localities. — Santiago, Willcox, Vaughan; Consolacion del Sur, the
Alcalde; and Vento, Cuba, Wren, Black, stations 3192, 3435, 3474,
4290, 5255.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Specimens. — U. S. Nat. Mus.

Panope species.

An internal cast of a large Panope was collected by T. H. Wren at
Vento, Cuba. The dimensions are : Alt., 68 mm. ; long., 115 mm. ; diam.,
46 mm.

Locality. — Vento, near Havana, Cuba, station 4290, Wren.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Specimen.— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167164.

Solemya sulcif era, new species.
(Plate 14, Figure 3.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell elongate-elliptical; beaks situated near the posterior quarter; umbonal
region moderately inflated; a broad, shallow depression extends from the beaks
to the middle of the ventral margin; surface ornamented with about 15 broad,
shallow, radiating, irregularly spaced grooves separated by slightly broader
flat ribs.

Length of fragmentary specimen, about 67 mm.; altitude, about 31 mm.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, station
3652, Wiebusch.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167165.

Tellina species.

The cast of a left valve which closely resembles the living Tellina
interrupts Wood.

Alt., 29 mm.; long., 55 mm.

Locality. — Near Santiago, Cuba, station 5255, Black.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Specimen— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167166.

Semele? species.
(Plate 14, Figure 1.)

From Antigua come fragments of two left valves, each of which has
lost the posterior end. The shell is striated in accordance with the
lines of growth, but is otherwise smooth. The hinge of one specimen
is partly exposed, showing two cardinal teeth, but not sufficiently to
establish positively the generic position.

Locality. — Willoughby Bay, Antigua, station 6881, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167167.

148 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Metis trinitaria Dall.
(Plate 14, Figures 2 a, 6.)

Tellina biplicata Guppy, Proc. Geol. Soc., vol. 22, p. 588, 1866. (Not of Conrad.)

Tellina biplicata Guppy, Proc. Sci. Assoc. Trinidad, p. 161, 1867.

Tellina sagroe Guppy, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, p. 530, 1876.

Tellina sagrce Dall and Guppy, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19, p. 329, 1896. (Not of d'Orbigny.)

Metris trinitaria Dall, Trans. Wag. Inst., vol. 3, pt. 5, p. 1041, plate 46, fig. 24, 1900.

The following is the original description of this species:

"Shell anteriorly elongated and dorso-ventrally attenuated, the anterior
dorsal slope rapid, the anterior end rounded ; the disk mesially constricted, the
posterior end short, high, blunt, strongly folded; beaks high, surface sculp-
tured with numerous small, sharp, slightly elevated concentric lamellae,
which are closer towards the ends of the shell; interior with the pallial sinus
larger and higher in the left valve, about half confluent below, deep and
rounded in front. Lon. 52, alt. 41, diam. 19 mm., but reaching twice this size.

"The peculiar anterior elongation and arcuate form of this species dis-
tinguish it clearly from the other American species. Guppy erroneously
identified it with a Miocene and also with a Pleistocene species, from both of
which comparison shows it perfectly distinct." (Dall, 1900.)

Localities. — Santiago, La Cruz, and Vento, Cuba, stations 3192,
3441, 3439, 4290, and 5255, Willcox, Vaughan, Black; also Trinidad;
Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894, 6966, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Types— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 115660.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167171.

Cardium species.

The genus Cardium is represented in the Anguillan fauna by casts
which I have been unable to identify with any described species.

Locality. — Crocus Bay and Sandy Hill, Anguilla, stations 6894, 6963,
6967, Vaughan; also (probably different species) Calabazar, Cuba,
station 4291, Wren.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Lucina species.

Large globose lucinas appear to have been rather abundant in the
Tertiary seas, but are preserved chiefly as casts which exhibit few
characters suitable for specific discrimination. Some of the localities
are given below.

Localities. — Quarries west of Smithfield Mill, Friedericksted, St.
Croix, station 6937; dimensions, alt., 100 mm.; long., 120 mm.; diam.,
86 mm.; Vaughan. Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6894, 6966; dimen-
sions, alt., 75 mm.; long., 84 mm.; diam., 60 mm.; Vaughan. Cala-
bazar, Cuba, station 4291; dimensions, alt., 103 mm.; long., 110 mm.;
diam., 70mm.; Wren. Also Vento, "E. C. A.," Fort Cabanas, Cuba,
stations 4290, 4292, 3465; Wren, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 149

Myrtaea(?) asphaltica, new species.
(Plate 14, Figures 7 a, b, 8, 9 a-c.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell large, robust, transversely elliptical, lucinoid; anterior and ventral
margins rounded, posterior margin truncated; beaks full, situated a little in
front of the middle; surface sculpture of rough, crowded, concentric growth-
lines and, on the umbones, equidistant, concentric ridges, becoming obsolete
distally; dorsal areas obsolete; inner margins entire; anterior adductor scar
lucinoid but rather short; lunule broadly lanceolate; escutcheon linear or nar-
rowly lanceolate, depressed, bordered by a sharply angular keel; hinge with
1 right and 2 left cardinal teeth, 1 right and 2 left anterior laterals, and the
same number of posterior laterals; left laterals feeble; ligament external but
deeply depressed, preserved in the types.

Alt. of a medium-sized specimen, 40 mm.; length, 49 mm.; diam., 25 mm.
A larger specimen measures 57 mm. in altitude and 39 mm. in diameter.

This exceedingly interesting species, undoubtedly a member of the
family Lucinidse, is closely related to Myrtsea, but is very much larger
than any hitherto described American species of that genus, and has
weaker sculpture than is customary. It is separated at once from
Lucina by its dentition and escutcheon ; from Loripes by the escutcheon,
external ligament, and dentition; and from the greater number of
Phacoides by the absence of dorsal areas.

Locality. — Angela Elmira asphalt mine, near Bejucal, Cuba, stations
3652, 5312, Wiebusch.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene?

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167186.

Phacoides (Miltha) aff. Phacoides hillsboroensis (Heilprin).
(Plate 15, Figures 3 a, b.)

This species, which is known only from casts of the interior, resembles
rather closely Miltha hillsboroensis, from which it differs in its more
depressed posterior dorsal areas.

Alt., 62 mm.; lat., 62 mm.; diam., 26 mm.

Localities. — Near Santiago, Cuba, stations 3192 and 5255, Willcox,
Black.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167189.

Phacoides (Here) species.
(Plate 15, Figure 2.)

The following is a partial description of this species :

Right valve resembling P. wacissanus Ball but with straighter dorsal margin
and more deeply impressed sulcus, which extends with undiminished depth to
the beak; left valve with shallower sulcus.

The specimens probably represent an undescribed species, but are
too fragmentary to furnish a complete diagnosis.

Locality. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, stations 6965, 6894, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167190.

150 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Antigona caesarina var. anguillana, new variety.
(Plate 16, Figures 4 a, fc.)

Cytherea ccesarina Dall, Trans. Wagner Inst. Sci., vol. 3, pt. 6, p. 1275, plate 53, fig. 5, 1903.
Antigona (aff.) ccesarina Dall, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 51, No. 2162, p. 500, 1916.

The following is a description of this variety.

Shell orbicular, convex; sculpture of numerous low, flat, narrow, radial
riblets, separated by slightly wider interspaces, and of elevated, reflexed,
crenulated, concentric lamellae; lunule broad, cordate, extended anteriorly;
escutcheon long, wider in the right valve, defined on each valve by a deep sulcus.

Length of the specimen figured (broken at the posterior end), 53 mm.;
height, 52 mm.; diameter of joined valves, 30.5 mm.

The radial riblets are more prominent in the variety anguillana than
in the typical A. ccesarina and the lunule is more extended in front.
Perfect specimens might show other distinguishing characters.

Antigona anguillana resembles A. tarquinia (Dall) from the Tampa
"silex" bed, from which it may readily be distinguished by its more
orbicular shape, greater inflation of the umbones, closer concentric
lamellae, and much broader, cordate lunule. Its sculpture, as well as
can be determined from the specimens at hand, is like that of the
Recent and Pleistocene A. listeri (Gray), from which it differs in the
greater inflation of the posterior dorsal slopes, which, in the latter
species, are flat or even slightly concave. A very closely related,
perhaps identical, form from the base of the Chattahoochee formation
near Bainbridge, Georgia, has been listed as A. (aff.) ccesarina by Dall.

Localities. — Crocus Bay, Anguilla, station 6893; Blizzard Mill,
Antigua, station 6874; Vaughan. A fragment with similar sculpture
is from the chert interbedded with tuffs at St. Johns, Antigua, station
6855. The type of A. ccesarina is from the Chipola Miocene at station
2212, Ten Mile Creek, Calhoun County, Florida.

Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.

Type of A. ccesarina Dall. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 114754.

Type of variety anguillana Cooke.-- U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167192.

Chione spenceri, new species.
(Plate 15, Figures 1 a, b.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell ovate, moderately convex, with low, prosogyrate beaks and a sharply
defined, lozenge-shaped lunule with imbricating growth-lamellae; escutcheon
lanceolate, flat or slightly concave, and with fine growth-lines; radial sculpture
of minute, close, low, rounded ridges becoming obsolete at the anterior and
posterior ends; concentric sculpture of erect, evenly spaced lamellae, 24 on the
type specimen, smooth on the dorsal surface and on the upper part of the
ventral surface, but with a row of beads, contiguous to the radial ribbing, at
the base of the ventral surface.

Length, 26 mm.; height, 23 mm.; diameter of joined valves, 15.5 mm.

Localities. — Antigua, Spencer (type); Willoughby Bay, Antigua,
station 6881 ; Vaughan.
Geologic horizon. — Oligocene.
Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 163352.

TERTIARY MOLLUSCA. 151

Venericardia globosa, new species.
(Plate 15, Figures 4 a-c.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell orbicular, highly inflated; ribs more than 20, with nearly equal inter-
spaces; beaks medial, low; margins crenulated within.

Alt., 33.5 mm.; Ion., 35.5, mm.; diam. of left valve, 19 mm.

The species grew to be at least twice as large as the specimen measured.

All the specimens of this species are so badly worn as to prevent
accurate determination of the sculpture; 20 ribs can be counted on
the type specimen, and it is probable that at least 5 more were origin-
ally present. Where the ribs have been partly eroded they present a
peculiar cellular structure, beneath which may be discerned concentric
sculpture of close, wavy threads.

This species, remarkable for its inflation, can not be confused with
any other known American species. Venericardia bulla, which, per-
haps, is as close to this species as any other, is less inflated, much
longer, and has higher beaks.

Localities. — Point between Colombier Point and bay next to St. Jean
Bay and point between Anse Ecaille and Anse Lizard, St. Bartholo-
mew (stations 68976 and 6897), Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Eocene.

Type.—U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167196.

Venericardia vaughani, new species.
(Plate 16, Figures 2 a-c.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell subquadrate; beaks high, prosogyrate, situated near the anterior
quarter; ribs about 17, broad, separated by nearly equally wide interspaces;
ribs on the anterior third set with transversely elongated nodes, other ribs
rounded, flattened, or acutish.

Alt., 45 mm.; Ion., 47 mm.; diameter, about 30 mm.

Locality. — Point between Anse Ecaille and Anse Lezard, St. Bartho-
lomew, station 6897, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Eocene.

Type— U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167195.

Venericardia species.
(Plate 16, Figure 3.)

A fragment of the left valve of a large species of Venericardia was
found at station 6897, St. Bartholomew. It appears to be related to
Venericardia planicosta, but possesses nodules on the anterior ribs and
its lunule is not erect as in that species.

Locality. — Point between Anse Ecaille and Anse Lezard, St. Bartho-
lomew, station 6897a, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Eocene.

Figured specimen. — U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167197.

152 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Argyrotheca dalli, new species.
(Plate 16, Figures 5 o-c.)

The following is a description of this species:

Shell minutely punctate, with many simple, rounded ribs increasing in
number by intercalation; dorsal valve flat; ventral valve inflated; cardinal
areas high, triangular in ventral valve, linear in dorsal valve; delthyrium
(probably) triangular; median septum of dorsal valve high in front, nearly
meeting the opposite valve, very low at beak.

Alt. of ventral valve, 13.3 mm.; alt. of dorsal valve, 10 mm.; width, 12.5

mm.; diam., 7 mm.

•

Guppy1 lists Argiope clevei Davidson from St. Bartholomew, but I
have been unable to find any other reference to that species. It may
be the form here described.

Localities. — Point between Anse Ecaille and Anse Lezard and point
between Colombier Point and bay next St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew,
stations 6897 a, b, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Type.—V. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167201.

Liothyrina vaughani, new species.
(Plate 16, Figures 1 o-c.)

The following is a description of this species :

Shell large, inflated, glabrous ; dorsal valve suborbicular, ventral valve ovate,
occasionally prolonged in a linguiform projection filling a corresponding emar-
gination in the dorsal valve ; beak closely incurved ; foramen small, circular.

Length, 43 mm. ; breadth, 36 mm. ; thickness, 18.5 mm.

This species was identified as Terebratula carneoides Guppy by
Cleve,2 but the beak of Liothyrina vaughani is more closely incurved
than that of any previously described species from the American
Tertiary.

Locality. — Northwest side of St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew, station
6924, Vaughan.

Geologic horizon. — Upper Eocene.

Type.— 11. S. Nat. Mus. No. 167202.

BRACHIOPODS FROM TRINIDAD.

For the sake of completeness, references are included to 3 species of Lio-
thyrina from San Fernando, Trinidad. The types are in the collection of
the U. S. National Museum.

Terebratula trinilatcnsis Guppy, Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 296, plate 19,

figs, la, 16, 1866.

Terebratula carneoides Guppy, loc. cit., p. 296, plate 19, fig. 2, 1866.
Terebratula lecta Guppy, loc. cit., p. 296, plate 19, fig. 3, 1866.

1 Guppy, R. J. L., Geol. Mag., Dec. 2, vol. 1, p. 443, 1874.

2 K. svenska Vet.-Akad., Handl. Bd. 9, No. 12, p. 26, 1871.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE 1.

FIG. 1. Oliva sp. Ventral view. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 111.

FIGS. 2, 3 a-b. Levifusus? angelicus, n. sp. (2) Dorsal view. Bejucal, Cuba. X 1.5. (3a)

Ventral view of smaller individual from same locality. X 3. (36) Dorsal view of

same specimen. X3. Page 111.

FIG. 4. Lyria vaughani, n. sp. Dorsal view. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 111.
FIGS. 5 a-b, 6 a-b. Conus sp. (5a) Apical view of cast. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (56)

Ventral view of same specimen. X 1.5. (6a) Apical view of cast of another individual,

Crocus Bay. X 1.5. (66) Ventral view of same specimen. X 1.5. Page 110.
FIG. 7. Cerithiumherculeanum,n.si>. Ventral view. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 116.
FIG. 8. Epitonium (Sthenorhytis) antiguense (Brown). Dorsal view. Hodge's Bluff, Antigua.

X 1.5. Page 112.
FIGS. 9 a, 6. Cypraa anguillana, n. sp. (9a) Ventral view. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (96)

Dorsal view of same specimen, X 1.5. Page 114.
FIGS. 10 a, b. Cyprcea semen, n. sp. (10a) Ventral view. Bejucal, Cuba. X 3. (106) Dorsal

view of same specimen. X 3. Page 114.

PLATE 2.

FIGS. 1, 2. Orthaulax inornatus Gabb. (1) Ventral view. Consolacion del Sur, Cuba. X 1.

(2) Ventral view of fragment from same locality. X 1. Page 116.
FIGS. 3, 4. Orthaulax pugnax (Heilprin). (3) Ventral view. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.

(4) Young individual. Antigua. X 1. Page 115.

FIGS. 5 a, 6. Strombus sp. (5a) Ventral view of young individual. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.
(56) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 1. Page 115.

PLATE 3.

FIGS. 1 a, 6. Hemisinus costatus, n. sp. (la) Ventral view of type. Bejucal, Cuba. X 3. (16)

Dorsal view of same specimen. X 3. Page 117.

FIG. 2. Hemisinus bituminifer, n. sp. Ventral view of type. Bejucal, Cuba. X 3. Page 118.
FIG. 3. Hemisinus siliceus Brown and Pilsbry. Ventral view. Dry Hill Point, Antigua. X 1.5.

Page 119.
FIGS. 4, 5. Hemisinus atriformis, n. sp. (4) Dorsal view of type. Dry Hill Point, Antigua. X 2.

(5) Ventral view of anotherindividual from same locality. X 2. Page 118.
FIGS. 6, 7, 8, 9. Hemisinus antiguensis Brown and Pilsbry. (6) Ventral view of smoother variety.

Dry Hill Point, Antigua. X 1.5. (7) Ventral view. Dry Hill Point, Antigua. X 5.
(8) Ventral view of young specimen. Dry Hill Point, Antigua. X 5. (9) Fragment
from same locality. X 5. Page 118.

FIGS. 10 a, 6, 11, 12 a, 6. Cerithidea? anguillana, n. sp. (lOa) Ventral view of young individual.
Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 5. (106) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 5. (11) Dorsal
view of type. Same locality. X 5. (12a) Dorsal view of young individual. Same
locality. X 5. (12b) Ventral view of same specimen. X 5. Page 117.

PLATE 4.

FIGS. 1, 2, 3. Turritella anguillana, n. sp. (1) Fragment. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (2)

Fragment from same locality. X 1.5. (3) Fragment from same locality. X 1.5.

Page 120.
FIG. 4. Turritella dubiosa, n. sp. View of type specimen. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5.

Page 120.
FIGS. 5, 6, 7. Turritella forresti Brown. (5) Ventral view. St. Johns, Antigua. X 3. (6)

Dorsal view of another specimen from same locality. X 3. (7) Dorsal view of

another specimen from same locality. X 3. Page 121.

FIG. 8. Turritella crocus, n. sp. Ventral view of type. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 121.
FIGS. 9 a, b. Ampullina anguillana, n. sp. (9a) Ventral view of type. Crocus Bay, Anguilla.

X 1.5. (96) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 1.5. Page 123.
FIG. 10. Solarium sp. Fragment. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 5. Page 122.

153

154 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE 5.

FIGS. 1, 2, 3. Ampullina (Ampullinopsis) spenceri, n. sp. (1) Ventral view of first cotype.

Antigua. XI. (2) Ventral view of second cotype. Antigua. XI. (3) Ventral

view of a larger specimen. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 1. Page 123.
FIGS. 4 a-c. Turbo antiguensis, n. sp. (4a) Ventral view of type. Rifle Butts, Antigua. X 1.

(46) Basal view of same specimen. X 1. (4c) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 1.

Page 125.
FIGS. 5 o, b. Margarita naticoides, n. sp. (5a) Ventral view of type. Bejucal, Cuba. XL (56)

Dorsal view of same specimen. X 1. Page 125.
FIGS. 6 a, b. Sinum chipolanum (Dall). (6a) Ventral view. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 2.

(66) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 2. Page 124.
FIGS. 7, 8. Neretina? grandis, n. sp. (7) Dorsal view of type. Anse Lezard, St. Bartholomew.

XL (8) Dorsal view of large specimen. St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew. X 1.

Page 126.
FIGS. 9 a-c. Elmira cornu-arietis, n. sp. (9a) Ventral view of type. Bejucal, Cuba. XI. (96)

Apical view of same specimen. X 1. (9c) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 1.

Page 123.
FIGS. 10 a, b. Scapharca anguillana, n. sp. (10a) Exterior of right valve of type. Crocus Bay,

Anguilla. X 1. (106) Interior of same specimen. X 1. Page 127.
FIGS. 11 a, 6. Scapharca willobiana, n. sp. (lla) Right valve of type. Willoughby Bay,

Antigua. X 1. (116) Left valve of same specimen. X 1. Page 127.

PLATE 6.

FIGS. 1 a, 6, 2 a, 6. Ostrea antiguensis Brown, (la) Exterior of upper valve. Rifle Butts,
Antigua. X 0.75 (16) Exterior of lower valve of same specimen. X 0.75 (2a) Ex-
terior of lower valve. Same locality. X 0.75 (26) Interior of same specimen.
X 0.75 Page 128.

PLATE 7.

FIGS. 1, 2. Ostrea haitensis Sowerby. (1) Interior of valve. Santiago, Cuba. X 1. (2) Inte

rior of lower valve of young individual. Santiago, Cuba. X 1.5. Page 129.
FIG. 3. Pecten nodosissimus, n. sp. Right valve. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 1.5. Page 141.
FIGS. 4 a, 6. Pecten waylandi, n. sp. (4a) Left valve of type. Santiago, Cuba. X 1.5. (46)

Right valve of same individual. X 1.5. Page 131.
FIGS. 5, 6. Pecten gardnerce, n. sp. (5) Left valve. Santiago, Cuba. X 1.5. (6) Right valve

of another individual. Santiago, Cuba. X 1.5. Page 134.
FIGS. 7, 8. Pecten articulosus, n. sp. (7) Right valve, type. Guajay, Cuba. XI. (8) Left

valve of another individual. Guajay, Cuba. X 1. Page 136.

PLATE 8.

FIG. 1. Ostrea haitensis Sowerby. Exterior. La Cruz, Cuba. X 0.5. Page 129.

FIGS. 2, 3, 4. Pecten vaughani, n. sp. (2) Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (3)

Right valve of type. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (4) Right valve. Crocus

Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 133.

FIG. 5. Pecten oxygonum Sowerby? Right valve. Hodge's Bluff, Antigua. X 1.5. Page 137.
FIGS. 6 a, 6, 7. Pecten vaughani var. flabellum, n. var. (6a) Left valve of type. Santiago,

Cuba. X 1.5. (66) Right valve of type. X 1.5. (7) Right valve. La Cruz, Cuba.

X 1.5. Page 134.
FIGS. 8, 9, 10. Pecten perplexus, n. sp. (8) Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1-5. (9)

Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (10) Detail of sculpture. Crocus Bay,

Anguilla. Greatly enlarged. Page 138.

PLATE 9.

FIG. 1. Ostrea cf. O. trigonalis Conrad. Upper valve. St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholomew. X 0.75.

Page 129.
FIGS. 2 a, b. Pecten crocus, n. sp. (2a) Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1. (26) Left

valve of same individual. X 1. Page 135.
FIGS. 3 a-c. Unio bitumen, n. sp. (3a) Right valve. Bejucal, Cuba. X 0.75. (36) Left

valve of same individual. X 0.75. (3c) Dorsal view of same individual. X 0.75.

Page 130.
FIGS. 4 a, 6. Pinna vaughani, n. sp. (4a) Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1. (46)

Left valve of same specimen, tilted to show ventral sculpture. X 1. Page 127.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 155

PLATE 10.

FIGS. 1 a, b, 2. Peclen anguillensis Guppy. (la) Right valve of type. Anguilla. X 1.5. (16)

Left valve of type. X 1.5. (2) Left valve. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 1.5.

Page 132.
FIGS. 3, 4. Pecten clevei, n. sp. (3) Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. (4) Right

valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 132.

FIG. 5. Pecten perlineatus, n. sp. Type. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 1.5. Page 141.
FIG. 6. Pecten nugenti Brown? Fragment. Hodge's Bluff, Antigua. X 1.5. Page 141.
FIG. 7. Pecten cf. P. oxygonum Sowerby. Right valve. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 1.5.

Page 138.
FIGS. 8, 9 a, b. Pecten crucianus, n. sp. (8) Right valve. La Cruz, Cuba. X 1.5. (9a)

Interior of left valve (type). Santiago, Cuba. X 1.5. (96) Exterior of type.
X 1.5. Page 139.

PLATE 11.

FIGS. 1, 2, 3. Pecten willobianus, n. sp. (1) Right valve. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 0.9.
(2) Right valve. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 0.9 (3) Left valve. Willoughby Bay,
Antigua. X 0.9. Page 133.

FIGS. 4, 5, 6. Pecten thetidis Sowerby. (4) Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 0.9. (5)
Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 3. (6) Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla.
X 3. Page 138.

FIGS. 7 a, b, 8. Pecten jacobianus, n. sp. (7o) Right valve of type. Santiago, Cuba. X 0.9.
(76) Left valve of same specimen. X 0.9. (8) Detail of sculpture of left valve. San-
tiago, Cuba. X 3.6. Page 139.

FIG. 9. Pecten crocus, n. sp.? Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 0.9. Page 135.

FIGS. 10 a, b. Pecten duplex, n. sp. (10a) Left valve. Long Island, Antigua. X 0.9. (106)
Right valve of same specimen. X 0.9. Page 140.

FIGS. 1 1 a, b. Spondylus bostrychites Guppy. (1 la) Lower valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 0.9.
(116) Upper valve of same individual. X 0.9. Page 144.

FIGS. 12 a, 6. Plicatula densata Conrad. (12a) Interior. Santiago, Cuba. X 0.9. (126) Exte-
rior of same specimen. X 0.9. Page 145.

PLATE 12.

FIGS. 1 a, b. Pecten ventonensis, n. sp. (la) Right valve. Santiago, Cuba. X 0.9. (16) Left
valve of same individual. X 0.9. Page 130.

FIGS. 2 a, b, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Hinnites aratus, n. sp. (2a) Smaller valve of type. St. Bar-
tholomew. X 0.9. (26) Larger valve of same specimen. X 0.9. (3) Larger speci-
men. St. Bartholomew. X 0.9. (4) Another specimen. St. Bartholomew. X 0.9.
(5) Posterior ear of left valve. St. Bartholomew. X 0.9 (6) Details of sculpture.
St. Bartholomew. X 3. (7) Posterior view of type. X 0.9. Page 143.

FIG. 8. Pecten gabbi Dall. Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 0.9 Page 140.

PLATE 13.

FIGS. 1 a, 6, 2. Amusium lyonii (Gabb). (la) Left valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 0.9. (16)

Right valve of same individual as fig. 1. X 0.9. (2) Left valve, from same locality.

X 3. Page 142.

FIG. 3. Pecten perlatus, n. sp. Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 3. Page 131.
FIG. 4. Pecten sp. Fragment. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 0.9. Page 142.
FIG. 5. Pecten pittieri Dall. Right valve. Yumuri River, Cuba. X 0.9. Page 135.
FIGS. 6, 7. Amusium antiguense (Brown). (6) Interior. Hodge's Bluff, Antigua. X 0.9. (7)

Left valve from same locality. X 0.9. Page 143.
FIGS. 8 a, b. Pecten decorus, n. sp. (8a) Right valve. Guajay, Cuba. X 0.9. (86) Left valve

of same individual. X 0.9. Page 137.

PLATE 14.

FIG. 1. Semelef sp. Left valve. Willoughby Bay, Antigua. X 0.9. Page 147.

FIGS. 2 a, b. Metis trinitaria Dall. (2a) Left valve. Near Santiago Bay, Cuba. X 0.9. (26)

Right valve of same individual. X 0.9. Page 148.

FIG. 3. Solemya sulcifera, n. sp. Type. Bejucal, Cuba. X 0.9. Page 147.
FIGS. 4, 5. Modiolus (Botula) cinnamomeus Lamarck. (4) Right valve. Near Santiago Bay,

Cuba. X 0.9. (5) Right valve of another specimen from the same locality. X.0.9.

Page 145.

156 DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE 14 — continued.

FIG. 6. Lithophaga nigra (d'Orbigny). Dorsal view. Friar's Hill, Antigua. X 0.9. Page 146.

FIGS. 7 a, b, 8, 9 a-c. Myrtcea? asphaltica, n. sp. (la) Left valve of young individual.
Bejucal, Cuba. X 1.8. (76) Exterior of same specimen. X 3.6. (8) Interior of
right valve from same locality. X 1.8. (9o) Right valve of larger individual from
same locality. X 0.9. (96) Dorsal view of same specimen. X 0.9. (9c) Left
valve of same specimen. X 0.9. Page 149.

PLATE 15.

FIGS. 1 a, b. Chione spenceri, n. sp. (la) Right valve of type. Antigua. X 1.5. (16). Left

valve of same specimen. X 1.5. Page 150.

FIG. 2. Phacoides (Here) sp. Right valve. Crocus Bay, Anguilla. X 1.5. Page 149.
FIGS. 3 o, 6. Phacoides (Miltha) aff. P. hillsboroensis (Heilprin). (3a) Right valve. Santiago,

Cuba. X 1. (36) Left valve of same specimen. X 1. Page 149.
FIGS. 4 a-c. Venericardia globosa, n. sp. (4a) Interior of left valve. Colombier Point, St.

Bartholomew. X 1.5. (46) Ventral view of same specimen. X 1.5. (4c) Exterior

of same specimen. X 1.5. Page 151.

PLATE 16.

FIGS. 1 a-c. Liothyrina vaughani, n. sp. (la) Ventral valve. St. Jean Bay, St. Bartholo-
mew. X 1. (16) Lateral view of same specimen. X 1. (lc) Dorsal view of same
specimen. X 1. Page 152.

FIGS. 2a-c. Venericardia vaughani, n. sp. (2a) Right valve of type. St. Bartholomew. X 1.
(26) Anterior view of same specimen. X 1. (2c) Left valve of same specimen.
X 1. Page 151.

FIG. 3. Venericardia sp. Fragment of left valve. St. Bartholomew. X 1. Page 151.

FIGS. 4 a, b. Antigona caesarina var. anguillana, n. var. (4a) Right valve of type. Crocus Bay,
Anguilla. X 1. (46) Left valve of same specimen. X 1. Page 150.

FIGS. 5 a-c. Argyrotheca dalli, n. sp. (5a) Lateral view. Near Columbier Point, St. Bartholo-
mew. X 3.33. (56) Ventral view of same specimen. X 3.33. (5c) Dorsal view
of same specimen. X 3.33. Page 152.

COOKE

PLATE 1

COOKE

PLATE 2

3

COOKE

PLATE 3

COOKE

PLATE 4

9b

COOKE

PLATE 5

lib

COOKE

PLATE 6

: *•
< , '

COOKE

PLATE 7

COOKE

PLATE 8

'

'
"* ~

1

10

*r

\

9

COOKE

PLATE 9

'

COOKE

PLATE 10

COOKE

PLATE 11

12b

COOKE

PLATE 12

/ ; / / -

If 11

? • ? i ? ^ I > I f; f :.

^

t

COOKE

PLATE 13

COOKE

PLATE 14

COOKE

PLATE 15

lo,

\

-

/ '

•T.

.*'

J\ , ' fs*?WV

•;^i

,

4c V,

COOKE

PLATE 16

V.

WEST INDIAN TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

BY MARY J. RATHBUN.

With nine plates.

157

WEST INDIAN TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS.

BY MARY J. RATHBUN.

Hitherto very little has been published on West Indian Tertiary
decapod crustaceans. Two species only have been described, both
belonging to the genus Ranina and occurring at Trinidad.

The material upon which this paper is based comprises (1) specimens
obtained at Anguilla and St. Bartholomew by Dr. T. W. Vaughan;
(2) a collection made about half a century ago by Mr. W. M. Gabb in
Santo Domingo and now loaned by the Philadelphia Academy of
Natural Sciences at the instance of Dr. H. A. Pilsbry; (3) a collection
made in the spring of 1916 by Dr. Carlotta J. Maury and party in
Santo Domingo and transferred to the United States National Museum;
and (4) the type specimen of Ranina porifera Woodward, probably
from the upper Eocene, although described from the Oligocene of
Trinidad, which forms part of the United States National Museum
collection.

The exact location of the Gabb specimens is not known. They are
undoubtedly from some point or points in the lower half of the valley
of the Yaqui del Norte River, which is near the middle of the northern
part of Haiti, that is, in Santo Domingo. They were supposed to have
come from the Oligocene series, but are now thought to be lower
Miocene.

Dr. Maury's expedition attempted to cover the same ground as that
visited by Gabb. Crustaceans were found in two spots and of these
only one species was taken also by Gabb. Aside from Petrochirus
inequalis from the Amina River, the specimens came from "Bluff No.
3," which is near Cercado, on the Mao River, one of the southern
tributaries of the Yaqui River.

The bluff, according to Dr. Maury, is several hundred feet high, but
the specimens were all obtained fairly near the base, not more than 30
to 50 feet above the river. The horizon is thought by Dr. Vaughan to
be lower Miocene, but may be upper Oligocene. The specimens were
almost entirely fingers or other small fragments to many of which it is
inadvisable to assign even a generic name.

No species is common to the Vaughan and Santo Domingo collec-
tions, and the only genus represented in both is Callianassa. On the
other hand, Callinectes declivis has been found in Costa Rica as well as
Santo Domingo and is described in my bulletin on Panama fossils.1

. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 103, p. 162, pi. 66, figs. 1-3, 1918.

159

160 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Two of the Santo Domingan species are thought to be the same as
Recent species, viz, Calappa flammea and Cycloes bairdii, the first
also from the Pleistocene of Panama, as noted in the above-men-
tioned bulletin.

LIST OF WEST INDIAN TERTIARY DECAPODA.

Family Cragonidae, gen. and sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Family Eryonidae, gen. and sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Callianassa anguillensis, n. sp., Anguilla, Oligocene (Vaughan).

latidigita, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).

pellucida, n. sp., Anguilla, Oligocene (Vaughan).

miocenica, n. sp., Santo Domingo, probably lower Miocene (Gabb).
Family Paguridse, gen. and sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Petrpchirus inequalis, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Ranina porifera Woodward, Trinidad, probably upper Eocene.

cuspidata Guppy, Trinidad, "lower Miocene."
Lyreidus fastigatus, n. sp., Anguilla, Oligocene (Vaughan).
Calappa flammea (Herbst), Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Calappella (?) sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Cycloes bairdii Stimpson, Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Persephona prepunctata, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Scylla costata, n. sp., Santo Domingo, probably lower Miocene (Gabb).
Portunus gabbi, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Gabb aaid Maury).
Portunus tenuis, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Portunus, sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Callinectes declivis Rathbun, Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Callinectes, sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).

Podophthahnus domingensis, n. sp., Santo Domingo, probably lower Miocene (Gabb).
Zanthopsis bartolomaeensis, n. sp., St. Bartholomew, Eocene (Vaughan).
Pilumnus subequus, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).

Archaeopilumnus caelatus, gen. and sp. new, Santo Domingo, probably lower Miocene (Gabb) .
Panopeus, sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Family Xanthida;, gen. and sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Sandomingia yaquiensis, gen. and sp. new, Santo Domingo, probably lower Miocene (Gabb).
Parthenope (Platylambrus) obscura, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Parthenope, sp. indet., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).
Mesorhoea mauryaB, n. sp., Santo Domingo, lower Miocene (Maury).

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 161

NOTES ON THE GENERA REPRESENTED.

The genus Callianassa1 ranges from the Jurassic era to the present
day and contains very numerous species, fossil2 and Recent, distributed
in both hemispheres.

Petrochirus3 occurs in the waters on both sides of tropical America,
and in the upper Tertiary of Panama.

Ranina* is known from more than a dozen species distributed from
the Cretaceous to Recent, the fossil forms5 ranging from central Europe
to Japan, and occurring isolated in Trinidad. Only one species is now
living and that is confined to the Indo-Pacific region.

Lyreidus6 has been found in the Tertiary of Piedmont, Italy. Of its
Recent species, one (L. bairdii)7 inhabits deep water off the Atlantic
and Gulf coasts of North America, while three others (L. tridentatus*
L. elongatus,9 and L. channeriw) represent the Indo-Pacific region, the
latter inhabiting the Indian Ocean at a depth of 200 to 400 fathoms.

Calappa11 has a range from Eocene to Recent (Zittel) .

Calappella12 Rathbun is known from the Oligocene of Panama.

Cycloes13 up to now known only as Recent on both sides of the Ameri-
can continent, the Bermudas, and the Indo-Pacific.

Persephonau hitherto recorded from the post-Tertiary of Celebes15
(as Myra) and widely distributed in the warmer waters of the globe.

Scylla™ a genus of swimming crabs, is known at the present time
from one living species only, which is widely distributed throughout
the Indo-Pacific region. This species has also been found fossil on the
coasts of Asia between the Red Sea and Japan, and in the Philippines;
also in the island of Malta, at which place it is reported from the
Oligocene or older Miocene. A second species, S. michelim,17 occurs in
the Miocene of Anjou.

Portunus Weber18 ( = Neptunus de Haan19), a comprehensive genus,
makes its appearance in the Eocene and is represented in the recent
fauna also by numerous species in all temperate and tropical seas.

1 Leach, Edin. Encyc., vol. 7, p. 400, 1814.

2 See Bohm, Monatsber. deutsch. geol. Gesell., vol. 63, pp. 42-46, 1911.

3 Stimpson, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. 10, p. 233 [71], 1858.

4 Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., p. 156, 1801.

6 See Woodward, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 591, 1866.

6 De Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., p. 138, 1841.

7 Smith, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.f vol. 3, p. 420, 1881.

8 De Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., p. 140, plate 35, fig. 6, 1841.

9 Miers, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 46, 1879.

10 Wood-Mason, Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Aug. 1885 (issued Nov. 2, 1885), p. 104.

11 Weber, Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 92, 1795.

12 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 103, p. 157, 1918.

13 De Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., pp. 67 and 68, 1837.

14 Leach, Zool. Misc., vol. 3, pp. 18 and 22, 1817.

15 De Man, Samml. Geol. Reichs-Mus. Leiden, ser. 1, vol. 7, p. 276, 1904.

16 De Haan, Fauna Japon., Crust., pp. 3 and 11, 1833.

7 A. Milne-Edwards, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 4, vol. 14, p. 136, plate 3, figs. 3, 3a, 1861.

18 Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 93, 1795.

19 Fauna Japon., Crust., pp. 3 and 7, 1833.

162 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Callinectes,1 the genus of our common edible blue crab, is abundant
in America and West Africa, rarer in the Indo-Pacific, and has been
found fossil in the Virginia Miocene.

Recent Podophthalmus* inhabit the Indo-Pacific region and one of
the two living species occurs also in the post-Tertiary of Celebes and
Java. Other fossil species placed in this genus have been later removed
to different genera.

Zanthopsis* is wholly a fossil genus and contains various species,
beginning in the Cretaceous and distributed in Europe and Brazil.

Pilumnus* is a Recent genus containing about 150 species and
flourishes in nearly all temperate and tropical waters. It has not
before been reported as fossil.

The new genus Archceopilumnus is a near relative of Pilumnus.

Panopeus5 is said to occur from the Cretaceous to the present day.
It is the principal genus of the mud crabs of our coasts, and occurs
rarely in the eastern Atlantic.

The genus Sandomingia is erected for a form allied to the fiddler
crabs (Uca = Gelasimus) which to-day have an almost world-wide
distribution, especially in warmer regions, and are also found fossil in
southern Asia.

Parthenope6 ( = Lambrus1} is a genus widely distributed in the sea,
and dates from the Eocene.

Mesorhcea? is rare in middle America and has not before been found
fossil.

NOTES ON THOSE FAMILIES REPRESENTED BY MATERIAL FOR
WHICH IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DESIGNATE A GENUS.

The Cragonidse originate in the Jurassic and are very abundant to-
day. The telson described below is characteristic of the family, but
of no one genus known.

The Eryonidse are among the oldest decapods, going back to the
Triassic. The West Indian specimen has the curious curved and bent
form of the ischium of the large cheliped in that family.

RELATIONS OF THE WEST INDIAN FAUNA.

The greater number of the genera and families represented in the
West Indian Tertiary fauna have to-day a wide distribution, as also
have the genera most closely akin to the new or purely fossil genera, as
Calappella, Archceopilumnus, Sandomingia, and Zanthopsis. A few

1 Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 220, 1860.

2 Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., p. 152, 1801.

s M'Coy, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 2, vol. 4, p. 162, 1849.

4 Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, pp. 309 and 321, 1815.

6 Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 403, 1834.
* Weber, Nomenclator entomologicus, p. 92, 1795.

7 Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, pp. 308 and 310, 1815.

3 Sthnpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 135, 1871.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 163

other genera are distinctively American, viz, Petrochirus, Panopeus
(rarely eastern Atlantic), and Mesorhcea. Otherwise the West Indian
fossil decapods have a strong affinity with the present Indo-Pacific
fauna, as evidenced by Ranina, Scylla (both Recent Indo-Pacific
genera but fossil in Europe), Podophthalmus (wholly Indo-Pacific), and
Lyreidus (typically and chiefly Indo-Pacific, partly western Atlantic,
and fossil in Europe). Moreover, Portunus gabbi, described below, is
related to recent Indo-Pacific species more than to those now living in
the West Indies.

DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL.

Order DECAPODA.
Suborder NATANTIA.

Tribe CARTDES.
Superfamily CRAGONOIDA.

Family CRAGONTDJE.
Genus and species indeterminable.

(Plate 9, Figure 3.)

Material. — The telson of a single specimen, from the Yaqui Valley
at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J.
Maury, collector; 1916.

The following is a description of this specimen:

Telson high, narrow, horizontal; tapering for its proximal half, then the
sides parallel, tip broken off. On either side a deep groove running the
whole length; above, three ridges separated for the basal third by two deep
grooves; not far from the base a fine groove begins on the median ridge and
is continued nearly to the tip; it divides this ridge in two, each half further
on uniting with the submecUan ridge of its side; on the outer side of each
submedian ridge near its base there is a short ridge, partly visible in dorsal view.
Below, the telson is broadly and deeply concave, the concavity narrowing
along the middle. All the ridges are smoothly rounded.

Relationship. — This specimen is not referable to any known genus,
as, while the general appearance is that of a cragonid, the grooves of
the telson are much deeper than in any of the living forms.

Suborder REPTANTIA.

Tribe PALINURA.
Superfamily ERYONEDEA.

Family ERYONID^:.
Genus and species indeterminable.

(Plate 9, Figure 4.)

Material. — A fragment, representing seemingly the greater part of
the ischium of the right chelipsd of the first pair, from the Yaqui
Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene;
C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

164 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Description. — This piece has the typical Eryonid form of the ischium
of the first cheliped, that is, it is much flattened, distally widened, and
proximally curved. While the segment is commonly unarmed, the
fossil joint has a row of irregular and immovable spines along its inner
margin; it has also numerous scattered punctse arranged partially
in lines.

Tribe ANOMURA.
Superfamily THALASSINIDEA.

Family CALLIANASSID^E.

Genus CALLIANASSA Leach, 1814.

Callianassa anguillensis, new species.

(Plate 1, Figures 1 to 7.)

Type locality. — Anguilla: Crocus Bay, southwestern shore; from
lowest 10 to 15 feet of fossiliferous marls; Anguilla formation; Oligocene
series; T. W. Vaughan, collector; March 7, 1914; 6965; L. I. 100 a
(1914).

Holotype. — One right manus and base of immovable finger. Cat.
No. 166941, U. S. N. M.

Additional material. — One right manus (paratype a) and a separate
piece of a finger (paratype 6) from southwestern side of Crocus Bay,
Anguilla; 30 to 50 feet above sea-level; Anguilla formation; T. W.
Vaughan, collector; March 4, 1914; 6966; L. I. 100 6 (1914). Cat.
No. 166942, U. S. N. M.

A right (paratype c) and a left manus (paratype d) and a piece of a
finger (paratype e), 3 specimens in all, from southwestern side of
Crocus Bay, Anguilla; Anguilla formation; T. W. Vaughan, collector,
March 1914; 6894; L. I. 100 (1914). Cat. No. 166943, U. S. N. M.

The following is a description of the holotype :

The specimen is embedded in the rock so that the lower half of the outer
surface is exposed and a portion of the upper margin. Length through middle
of palm, 18.6 mm., width at posterior third, 16 mm. Lower margin a thin,
raised rim set off by a groove. Inside and a little below the rim may be seen a
row of rather large sockets opening distally. The margin is sinuous, deepest
near the proximal third, whence it rounds convexly upwards toward the wrist
and forms a gently sinuous curve to the base of the fixed finger. The surface
of the palm is partially covered with blister granules, which are large just
behind the finger and get smaller, lower, and fewer toward the proximal end;
they are separated by a narrow, smooth area from a few granules on the
distal margin along the cavity separating the fingers. Among the granules
there are a few punctae or sockets of which 8 widely spaced ones form a row
above the lower margin. The marginal rim soon fades out on the finger; the
upper border of the finger is edged with flattened granules. The surface is
chalky white. The white layer is broken off of the upper marginal portion of
the palm; the surface thus exposed is blunt and transversely rugose, and on the
inner side just below the margin and 3.7 mm. from the distal end there is a
curved tubercle, pointing forward; also in the same line a spine at the distal
extremity.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 165

The following is a description of the paratypes :

Paratype a, right manus, No. 6966. This is free from the matrix and is
much worn and incomplete at the ends, width at posterior third, 17.4 mm. It
agrees with the holotype as far as the characters are preserved. The shape is
similar, also the thin lower edge with a row of sockets just inside, the granula-
tion of the lower part of the outer surface, and the single tubercle just below
and within the upper margin, and, in this instance, 5 mm. behind the distal end.

Paratype 6, finger, No. 6966. Lacks the tip and proximal end and is
embedded in rock with its concave surface uppermost. Chalky white. Cross-
section triangulate.

Paratypes c and d, right and left manus, No. 6894. These specimens are
too bruised to refer definitely to any species. They have the general shape of
the holotype of C. anguillensis. The left manus has the thin lower and the
thick rounded upper margin, the latter with the submarginal tubercle distal
to the middle, but not so near the forward end as in the holotype; it lacks
details of granulation, sockets, etc. The right manus is even less adequately
preserved.

Paratype e, finger, No. 6894. The distal portion of a finger embedded in
rock, with convex surface partly exposed, should probably be referred here.

Callianassa latidigita, new species.
(Plate 9, Figures 10 and 11.)

Type locality. — The Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3),
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Material. — A movable and an immovable finger of the left chela;
the latter is the holotype. Cat. No. 324470, U. S. N. M.

This species has granulation on the palm at the base of the immov-
able finger similar to that in C. anguillensis (compare plate 1, fig. 1,
with plate 9, fig. 11) ; the finger itself is, however, broader at base and
is subtriangular, while the finger of anguillensis tapers very gradually
at base. The inferior, marginal rim is continued further toward the
tip in the Cercado specimen, while the upper edge is furnished near
the base with two shallow lobes which are lacking in anguillensis.
The dactylus has the same general shape in the two forms, but both
specimens are too incomplete for close comparison.

Callianassa pellucida, new species.
(Plate 1, Figures 8 to 13.)

Type locality. — Anguilla: Crocus Bay, from bluff on southwestern
side; uppermost horizon, 125 feet above sea-level; Anguilla formation;
Oligocene series; T. W. Vaughan, collector; March 4, 1914; 6967; L. I.
100 c (1914). One left movable finger (holotype) ; a portion of each of
two right palms of very different sizes (paratypes).

Holotype and paratypes. — Cat, No. 166944, U. S. N. M.

The following is a description of the holotype:

The shape of the entire finger is shown, but the outer layer is almost all
lacking. Upper margin arched, tip acute and strongly bent down; lower
margin straight except near the tip and at the proximal end, where it is hoi-

166 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

lowed out in a broad, shallow sinus. The general shape is subcylindrical, dis-
tally tapering, but the lower edge of the outer surface is acute. There are a
few scattered granules or small tubercles, but it is impossible to tell how much
these affected the outer shell : on the outer surface above the lower edge there
is a row of 4 distant granules; 4 near the proximal end of the upper surface,
and 1 near the distal end; 1 on the inner surface behind the middle.
Length, 20.4 mm.; greatest width, 5.3 mm.; thickness, 4.1 mm.

The two palms (paratypes) are too incomplete to show their propor-
tions. The lower edge is thin, translucent (to which the specific name
alludes), in the larger specimen (paratype a) slightly sinuous, that is,
rounded up at the proximal end and bending down toward the fingers;
below the true edge of the palm project the bases of sockets ranged in
a row on the inner surface; there are about 17 of these sockets in the
larger specimen. The cross-section at the base of the finger has the
shape of a diamond very elongate below the angles (plate 1, fig 10).

Callianassa miocenica, new species.

(Plate 2, Figures 1 to 6.)

Type locality. — Lower half of the valley of the Yaqui del Norte
River, in the northern part of Santo Domingo, Haiti; probably lower
Miocene; W. M. Gabb, collector.

Holotype. — Left manus of large cheliped. Cat. No. 2264, Mus.
Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of manus measured from sinus between
fingers, 21.2; width of manus near proximal end, 17.4; width of manus
near distal end, 15.2; greatest thickness of manus, 7 mm.

The following is a description of the left manus of this species:

The upper margin is straight and at right angles to the proximal end, while
the lower margin is slightly convex and oblique, being inclined upward toward
the distal end and inward toward the proximal end. Outer surface very convex
from top to bottom, but from end to end flat in the middle and bent inward at
the ends. On the outer surface are 3 large pits far apart in a line below the
middle ; the pits increase in size distally, the largest one being near the articu-
lation of the dactylus; one pit higher up and midway of the length of the seg-
ment. Upper margin subacute in its proximal two-thirds; lower margin
broken away. Inner surface uneven, concave in the lower distal portion;
surface covered with small pits, visible without a lens, scanty near the distal
end. Here there is a transverse curved line (concave forward) of 8 granules,
just below the middle; the margin overlapping the dactylus is bordered with
15 tuberculiform teeth, the lowermost of which is the largest and much swollen
and lies below the dactylus. Ten similar small teeth are visible on the distal
end of the outer surface. Near the upper edge are 2 rows of large pits; one
row consists of 5 pits and is wholly on the inner surface, bending downward
distally; the other row shows 3 pits in a straight line which is slightly oblique.

Relationships. — From C. anguillensis this species differs in the
smooth (non-granulate) surface of the manus ; from C. pellucida in the
straighter (viewed from below only) lower edge of the manAs.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 167

Superfamily PAGURIDEA.

Family PAGURIDjE.

Genus and species indeterminable.

(Plate 9, Figures 6 and 7.)

Material. — Dactylus of left cheliped, from the Yaqui Valley at
Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J.
Maury, collector; 1916.

Description. — The upper surface of the dactylus is rounded from side to
side, while the lower surface is narrower and flat and the inner surface oblique
and sinuous (from end to end) , the two surfaces separated by a line of tuber-
cles. Upper surface covered with unequal granules, except near the pre-
hensile edge; thick outer edge also granulate; a few granules on flat surface;
oblique surface smooth. Eight prehensile teeth with brown tips; a shallow
sinus near proximal end of margin. Tip of finger broken off, but there is no
evidence that the finger is excavated at the tip.

While this is a left dactylus, it is not clear whether it belongs to a
major or a minor cheliped.

Genus PETROCHIRUS Stimpson, 1858.

Petrochirus inequalis, new species.

(Plate 9, Figures 13 to 15.)

Type locality. — The Amina River, Yaqui Valley, Santo Domingo;
lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; May 22, 1916.

Material. — A pair of chelse partially embedded. Cat. No. 324467,

U. S. N. M.

Description. — The proximal end of both palms is lacking. The chelae are
very unequal, a similar cross-section of the palm of each showing that the
width of the palm is two-thirds as great in the smaller as in the larger chela,
while the inequality in the thickness of the two may be even more. Fingers
of large chela broad at base, tapering gradually toward the tips, excepting
that the dactylus has on its outer margin a sinus distad of the middle; measured
on the prehensile edge, the dactylus is over twice as long as basal width,
while the immovable finger is less than twice as long as basal width. The
tip of the dactylus folds under the immovable finger and is apparently not so
long. Fingers blunt-pointed. Most of the tubercles of the fingers are broken
off, leaving the tessellated background formed by their crowded, many-sided
bases. The tubercles which remain, especially those on the underside of the
palm, trend slightly distad, each surrounded anteriorly by a few small tuber-
cles, and the larger ones separated from one another by tubercles of medium
size. Tubercles conical, tip subacute, defined by a line from the basal portion
and easily broken off.

The fingers of the small chela as they stand scarcely reach beyond the
proximal third of the large dactylus, but the chelae may not be in their true
relative position. The tubercles are similar to, but lower than, those of the
larger chela.

Relationships. — This species has a smaller left chela than any Petro-
chirus yet described. The fingers of the right chela are exceptionally

168 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

long. In its ornamentation it is nearest P. californiensis Bouvier1
(Lower California to Ecuador), but in that species the tubercles have
broadly rounded knobs at the summit, instead of pointed tips as in
P. inequalis.

Tribe BRACHYURA.
Subtribe OXYSTOMATA.

Family RANINID^E.

Genus RANINA Lamarck, 1801.

Ranina porifera Woodward.

Ranina porifera Woodward, in Guppy, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 572, plate
26, fig. 18, 1866; Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, p. 591, 1866.

Type locality. — Trinidad; San Fernando beds; geologic age not
positively known, probably upper Eocene.

Holotype. — Carapace without appendages. Cat. No. 115405, U. S. N. M.

Ranina cuspidata Guppy.

Ranina cuspidata Guppy, Bull. Agri. Dept. Trinidad, p. 5, plate, fig. 1, 1909; Agricultural
Society of Trinidad and Tobago, Paper No. 440, p. 14, 1911.

Type locality. — Trinidad; Machipur, near Montserrat, in theTamana
district; "lower Miocene".

Genus LYREIDUS de Haan, 1841.

Lyreidus fastigatus, new species.

(Plate 3, Figure 1.)

Type locality. — Anguilla: Crocus Bay, southwestern side; 30 to 50
feet above sea-level; Anguilla formation; Oligocene series; T. W.
Vaughan, collector; March 4, 1914; 6966; L. I. 100 b (1914).

Holotype.— Carpus joint of left cheliped. Cat. No. 166940, U. S. N. M.

The following is a description of this species :

The carpus is suboblong, about 11.6 mm. long by 5.6 mm. wide. The
surface is crossed transversely by fine rugse. A blunt ridge runs longitudinally
through the middle, following the axis of the segment, that is, slightly curved,
the concavity of the curve facing the left or outer side; this ridge is inter-
rupted at its distal end by a tubercle. On the inner margin at about its middle
there is a slender, curved spine standing well out from the segment; further
back at about the posterior fourth there is a smaller spine, broken off at its
base. Near the posterior end of the left side of the dorsal surface there is a
tubercle, or, it may be, a spine, the top being broken off. It is difficult to say
anything further of the details, as the margin is considerably obscured; the
segment appears to be strongly produced at its inner distal angle, and the
adjacent inner margin shows a small tooth.

Other species of the genus. — Crema2 has described a Lyreidus, L
paronce, from the Tertiary of Piedmont. He had, however, no part of
the chelipeds.

1 Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, p. 6, 1895.

2 Atti R. Accad. Sci. Torino, vol. 30, p. 671, plate, fig. 11 (carapace), 1895.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 169

Of recent species of Lyreidus, one, L. bairdii Smith1 has been found
in deep water off the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States.
Its carpus is less elongate and lacks the longitudinal ridge present in
our fossil form; the principal spine of the inner margin is also further
forward.

Family CALAPPID-E.

Genus CALAPPA Weber, 1795.

Calappa flammea (Herbst).

Cancer flammeus Herbst, Natur. Krabben u. Krebse, vol. 2, plate 40, fig. 2, 1794; vol. 3, pt.
3, p. 19, 1803.

Material. — Three dactyls of right or major chelae; also a specimen
showing the proximal half of both fingers of the right chela and their
attachment to each other. From the Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Range. — Recent specimens range from North Carolina, or occasion-
ally farther north, to Colombia and Venezuela; also at Bermudas and
Cape of Good Hope. Fossil fingers have been taken in the Pleistocene
of Panama.

Genus CALAPPELLA Rathbun, 1918.

Calappella (?), species.

(Plate 9, Figure 12.)

Material. — A piece of the right manus and 4 loose spines, from the
Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower
Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

The following is a description of this species :

The specimen figured is a fragment showing a portion of the outer and of the
under surface broken from the middle of the right manus of a species allied to
Calappa. The specimen is rather closely granulated except above, and bears
two tubercles, the larger and more distad conical, the smaller one more obtuse
at end. Four single, elongate-conical, slightly curved spines, from 3 to 4.5
mm. long, are thought to belong to the same species; two of the spines belong
at an articulation, probably at the lower distal angle of the merus of the
chelipeds (right and left); another spine appears to have come from the
proximal end of the manus.

Relationship. — The genus Calappella was erected for a species from
the Oligocene of Panama. The type specimen shows only the carapace,
which is armed with elongate, curved spines. On account of the spines
the Santo Domingan fragments are referred tentatively to the same
genus.

Genus CYCLOES de Haan, 1837.
Cycloes bairdii Stimpson.

(Plate 9, Figure 8.)
Cyclois bairdii Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. New York, vol. 7, p. 237, 1860.

Material. — The lower distal portion of the outer surface of the left
or secondary manus, with propodal finger. So far as can be judged

1 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 3, p. 420, 1880.

170 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

from this small fragment, it is the same as Recent specimens. From
the Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower
Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Range. — Recent specimens range from Bahamas and west Florida
to the West Indies; also Cape St. Lucas, Lower California, to Panama.

Family LEUCOSHD^E.
Genus PERSEPHONA Leach, 1817.

Persephona prepunctata, new species.
(Plate 9, Figure 5.)

Type locality. — The Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3),
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Material. — About 30 arm-joints, mostly incomplete. One of the
best is made the holotype (Cat. No. 324425, U. S. N. M.).

Relationships. — In shape these specimens approach the correspond-
ing segments of P. punctata (Linnaeus)1 but the granules are much
more numerous and crowded than in punctata, resembling more those
of P. townsendi (Rathbun),2 from the west coast of tropical America.

Subtribe BRACHYGNATHA.
Superfamily BRACHYRHYNCHA.

Family PORTUNID^.
Genus SCYLLA de Haan, 1833.

Scylla costata, new species.
(Plates 4 and 5; Plate 6, Figures 3 to 5.)

Type locality. — Lower half of the valley of the Yaqui del Norte
River, in the northern part of Santo Domingo, Haiti; probably lower
Miocene; W. M. Gabb, collector.

Holotype.— Male. Cat. No. 2267, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of carapace (approx.) 82 mm.; width of
carapace 128 mm.; length of propodus of larger cheliped, above, 42
mm.; below (approx.) Ill mm.; height of same 41.3 mm.

Description. — Regions of carapace separated by very shallow depressions;
no evidence of transverse, granulate ridges; the outer layer of shell is almost
entirely lacking. The margin of the front is embedded in the matrix. Inner
edge of orbit raised, marginate; outer tooth large, its outer margin oblique but
almost longitudinal. The antero-lateral teeth are probably 9 and are alter-
nately large and small, at least the sixth and the eighth are small, the second
and the fourth are not visible. The teeth are curved forward at the end; the
third, fifth, seventh, and ninth teeth dim nish in basal width in the order
named.

Chelipeds very strong, unequal. Three spines are visible on the inner or
anterior margin of the merus beyond the edge of the carapace; the most distal
one is strong, conical, sharp; the most proximal one is smaller and more

1 Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 630, 1758 (part).

1 Myra townsendi Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vol. 16, p. 255, 1893.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 171

slender; no spine visible on outer or posterior margin, but there is a transverse
depression, which may indicate a tooth further down, in the matrix. The
carpus is short and squarish ; spine not visible. The propodus has a very con-
vex lower margin; the manus is costate, having 3 blunt costae on the outer
surface; the middle one is the most prominent, straight, and directed toward
the middle of the interdigital sinus, but stops short of it; the upper costa
begins at the tooth at the articulation with the carpus, is slightly concave
upward, and ends in a distally projecting lobe just above a large protuberance
at the lateral articulation with the dactylus; the lower costa begins proximally
near the middle costa, from which it gradually diverges and fades out near the
middle of the immovable finger. A spine on inner surface near distal end, at
least in major chela. On either side of the manus at its articulation with the
dactylus there is a large, smooth, rounded protuberance, which is bounded
proximally by a deep, narrow furrow; below this protuberance and distal to it
there is, on the outer surface at least, a thick, subacute lobe, overlapping the
dactylus. The prehensile teeth are very unequal, smoothly rounded, dark-
colored; in the larger chela the basal tooth of the dactylus is very large and
directed obliquely backward, and the fingers gape moderately.

Only the basal half of the first 3 ambulatory legs is present. The
sternum and abdomen are visible, the latter being oblong-triangular
and unusually wide for a male; the third, fourth, and fifth segments
are fused; the sixth has rapidly converging sides; the seventh is wider
than long.

Paratype. — Portion of a right cheliped, comprising the carpus,
manus, and a small basal piece of each finger. Cat. No. 2258, Mus.
Phiba. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of manus above, excluding spine, 33 mm.,
length at middle of outer surface 44 mm., height of manus to base of
superior spine 34 mm.

The following is a description of the paratype:

This cheliped shows some features better than the holotype. The carpus
has 4 nearly equal sides; the inner spine is visible, though broken off near its
base ; also a cross-section of a smaller spine at the distal outer angle which is
broken off quite at the base; there is a longitudinal obtuse ridge on the proxi-
mal half of the segment terminating bluntly not far from the middle; if con-
tinued, it would cross the distal upper angle.

The manus is much flattened on the inside. At the distal end of the inner
upper margin there is a spine pointing distad and a little upward and inward;
its tip is broken off. Costae of outer surface much lower and flatter than in
the holotype; the upper costa fades out altogether proximally. The large
lobe at the articulation with the dactylus is broken away, but the lobe below
it is large and projects distally well over the dactylus. On the inner surface
of the manus, half-way up and at one-fifth the distance behind the distal end,
there is a slender spine (with tip broken off) pointing inward and slightly
distad. A similar spine has been partially uncovered on the major chela of
the holotype. The dactylus has one large, low, dark-colored molariform
prehensile tooth at its base (which shows that the cheliped is the minor one
of the pair), and on the inner side a small crescentic, blackish, articulating
knob. The corresponding protuberance on the manus has been broken off.

172 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Relationships. — This species differs, it will be seen, from typical
Scylla by having the hands costate. One sees in Scylla serrata1 the
vestige of a costa in the same place where the middle costa ends distally
in S. costata. In other respects this is a true Scylla, as shown by the
smooth carapace with 9 lateral teeth, the posterior of which is not
elongate, and by the massive chelipeds. The large distal protuber-
ances on the outer and inner surfaces of the hand are similar to those
of serrata.

Genus PORTUNUS Weber, 1795.

Portunus gabbi, new species.
(Plate 3, Figures 2 to 7; Plate 6, Figures 1 and 2.)

Type locality. — Lower half of the valley of the Yaqui del Norte
River, in the northern part of Santo Domingo, Haiti; probably lower
Miocene; W. M. Gabb, collector.

Holotype.— Female. Cat. No. 2256, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of carapace, median, 45 mm., width of
carapace in front of lateral spines 76 mm., width between outer angles
of orbits 43 mm., length of manus above, 26.3 mm., distal height of
manus 22.2 mm.

The following is a description of this species:

The carapace of the holotype is broken in the middle, whence a crack extends
to the left margin between the fourth and fifth teeth; the large lateral spines are
both broken off at their base. Carapace very convex; the two areoles at the
inner angle of the branchial region are strongly marked. The granules, which
are large and numerous on the more elevated portions, are scanty toward the
second to fifth lateral teeth, inclusive, and along the postero-lateral margins,
and are very small and flat behind the front and on the intestinal region. The
anterior of the gastric ridges can be made out and is very irregular, the
posterior ridge is obscured by the break. The four frontal teeth are sub-
triangular, blunt,' those of the middle pair wider than those of the outer pair,
and definitely more advanced; median sinus V-shaped, lateral sinuses U-shaped.
The lateral teeth of the carapace (to be seen best on the left side) appear
conical in dorsal view, their sides being straight; tips all broken off. Base of
lateral spine granulate and lacking an axial line of granules.

The right chela is the only one remaining; its manus has the four customary
longitudinal ridges on the outer surface, but these are so broken away that
one can not tell if they are granulate ; the distal extremity of the second ridge
(counting from the top) is smooth and punctate. The development of the
double lobe at the outer articulation with the dactylus indicates that this is
the larger of the two chelipeds. The fingers are covered with such a fine
granulation as to be smooth to the naked eye, and have a triangular gape
between them; the molariform teeth are unequal and dark-colored; the end
of the fixed finger has the same dark color; the terminal fourth of the dactylus
is missing.

The female abdomen is very broad, as in adult Portunus; there is a blunt trans-
verse ridge on the middle half of the fourth and fifth segments ; outlines not
well shown, but the sides of the sixth segment converge gradually.

1 See Alcock, Jour. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, vol. 68, p. 27, 1899.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 173

Paratypes. — (a) A male taken at the type locality, much larger than the
hole-type. It lacks chelipeds. The lateral teeth of the carapace are narrower
than in the smaller specimen, their sides somewhat concave. A curved
transverse line of granules is seen on the branchial regions leading toward the
lateral spine. Enough of the abdomen is exposed to show the sex and generic
relation. Cat. No. 2566, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

(6) A right chela, also from the type locality; the fixed finger is broken off
not far from the base, the dactylus near its middle. Resembles in shape the
chela of the holotype, but is much larger, having a maximum height of 32 mm.
No other difference is apparent, excepting the slightly greater height of the
middle intercostal space of the outer surface. The lobe at the distal end of
this space is broken off. Cat. No. 2254, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Additional material. — A dactylus of left cheliped, from the Yaqui
Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene;
C. J. Maury, collector; 1916. This finger is of much smaller size (about
16 mm. long) than those of the holotype and paratype (6) ; its grooves
are more strongly marked, the deepest grooves being one on the upper
half of the outer surface and one on the lower half of the inner surface;
a short, shallow groove is at the proximal end of the lower half of the
outer surface. (See plate 3, figs. 6 and 7.)

Relationships. — Although the genus Portunus ( = Neptunus of
authors) is represented in the West Indian region by several Recent
species of moderate size, our Tertiary species suggests none of them,
but is allied to the large Indo-Pacific species. It resembles especially
P. pelagicus1 in the configuration of the carapace and the shape
of the female chela and abdomen ; it differs from pelagicus in lacking
the posterior of the transverse granulate gastric ridges, in the chela
not being quite so deep at the base of the fixed finger, and in the sixth
segment of the abdomen in both sexes having less rapidly convergent
sides. The abdomen of the male in gabbi is nearest that of P. trituber-
culatus? the sides of the coalesced (third to fifth) segment being even
less convergent than in that species.

While the fossil species, owing to its wide male abdomen and feeble
dorsal ridges, is a true Portunus, it has some features which link it
with the genus Callinectes; e. g., the four median frontal teeth are
related to those of C. bocourti;3 in bocourti the outer frontal teeth are
larger than the inner, and are about as advanced or even more so;
while in gabbi the inner teeth are larger and more advanced. The
lateral teeth also resemble those of bocourti much more than they do
any of the Portunus species.

Portunus tenuis, new species.
(Plate 7, Figure 7.)

Type locality. — The Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3),
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

1 Cancer pelagicus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, vol. 1, p. 626, 1758.

2 Neptumis trituberculalus Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, vol. 17, p. 221, 1876.

3 A. Milne-Edwards, Crust. Reg. Mex., p. 226, 1879.

174 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Material. — Two immovable fingers, both of the right side. The
larger is holotype. Cat. No. 324478, U. S. N. M.

Description. — Finger slender, except at the base; grooves 5, 2 outside, 2
inside, 1 below; all are deep except the upper one on the outside; intervening
ridges blunt, with a narrow longitudinal strip of squamiform granules along
the middle. Prehensile teeth uneven, the large teeth as a rule alternating with
2 or 3 small ones.

Relationship. — This finger resembles that of P. spinicarpus,1 except in
shape, as in the latter it widens regularly from the tip to the palmar
end.

Portunus, indeterminable species.

Material. — Two fingers incomplete, one a right major dactylus, the
other larger and probably also a dactylus ; if so, from the left side.
From the Yaqui Valley at Cercado d'e Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo;
lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Description. — The right finger has 3 deep grooves, 2 outside, not far apart,
and 1 inside; in addition there is a very shallow groove just above the teeth,
both inside and out.

The left finger has the same number of grooves, the middle one of the outer
surf ace fading out distally,and the grooves near the teeth almost imperceptible.

In both fingers there is a line of punctse but no furrow on the upper margin.

Genus CALLINECTES Stimpson, 1860.

Callinectes declivis Rathbun.

(Plate 9, Figures 1 and 2.)

Callinectes declivis Rathbun, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus. No. 103, p. 162, plate 66, figs. 1-3, 1918.
(Type locality, Miocene of Banana River, Costa Rica; type, Cat. No. 324262,

U. S. N. M.)

Material. — Seven fingers, mostly with the proximal end broken off,
as follows: 2 right dactyls, 2 left dactyls, 2 right immovable fingers,
1 left immovable finger. From the Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao
(Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

The following is a description of these specimens :

The dactyli have a deep groove above the middle both outside and inside
and a shallower groove on both sides a little way from the teeth ; above there
is an impressed line of numerous punctse.

The holotype, which is the sole type, lacks a dactylus and its pro-
podal finger is much larger than any of the Yaqui specimens, but
allowing for size, the specimens from the two places agree.

Callinectes, indeterminable species.

Material. — A piece of a left dactylus or movable finger, with both
ends broken off. From the Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3),
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

1 Achelous spinicarpus Stimpson, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, p. 148, 1871.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 175

The following is a description of this species :

The dactylus has the characteristic grooving common to small specimens
of most of the Recent species of Callinectes. Further than the genus it is
impossible to identify the specimen. The grooves are as follows: 3 outside,
about equally spaced, and the lowest very shallow; 1 above, fading out dis-
tally, but the punctae are continued; 3 inside, the upper groove very short,
proximal, the middle one deep.

Genus PODOPHTHALMUS Lamarck, 1801.

Podophthalmus domingensis, new species.

(Plate 2, Figures 7 and 8.)

Type locality. — Lower half of the valley of the Yaqui del Norte
River, in the northern part of Santo Domingo, Haiti; probably lower
Miocene; W. M. Gabb, collector.

Holotype.—C&t,. No. 2265, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of carapace exclusive of rostrum 38.3 mm. ;
length including rostrum 42.4 mm.; width between tips of outer spines
of orbits 66 mm. ; width between tips of spines at middle of carapace
72.2 mm.; approximate length of propodus of cheliped 62 mm.; distal
height of manus exclusive of spine 24 mm. ; length of dactylus measured
from external articulation with manus 40.2 mm.

The following is a description of this species :

Carapace transversely oblong, armed with a strong spine at the antero-
lateral angle or outer angle of the orbit and a shorter spine at the lateral angle
of the carapace, from which a transverse ridge bearing a single line of granules
extends inward across one-third of the carapace; a blunt transverse ridge
across the gastric region, and a rounded elevation on the inner part of the
branchial region; surface granulate except near the posterior and postero-
lateral margins and a narrow strip behind the anterior margin and occupying
half the width of the carapace. The margins, so far as visible, have a single
line of granules ; the anterior margin, exclusive of the T-shaped front is straight
and transverse for more than half the width of the carapace; it then curves
rapidly backward, forming a deep sinus within the antero-lateral spine and is
interrupted by a slight notch at the inner end of the sinus; the antero-lateral
spine projects forward and very little outward and is less advanced than the
anterior margin; the lateral spine projects obliquely outward and forward; the
margin between the spines is embedded in the matrix. Frontal projection
T-shaped, limits of the cross-piece ill-defined. The long eyes characteristic
of the genus are not exposed in the unique specimen.

Chelipeds slightly unequal. Their brevity would seem to indicate that the
specimen is a female. The distal half or more of the merus is lacking; there
appear to be granules on the margins and also in longitudinal bands; on the
anterior or inner margin there is an erect compressed spine which, when the
merus is horizontally placed, is situated close to the end of the antero-lateral
spine of the carapace. Of the carpus only the long inner spine shows on the
left side (fig. 7); it is transversely placed when the cheliped is flexed and is
convex above with the point turned downward. The chelse are flattened
externally and the outer shell, so far as preserved, is smooth, excepting on the
obliquely longitudinal ridge, which leads from the distal articulating condyle,
and on the upper margin of the dactylus and the lower part of the inner sur-

176 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

face of the palm. There is the base only of a good-sized spine at terminal end
of upper margin of manus. On the outer face of the dactylus at the articula-
tion there is a small, black, horny, outstanding knob. Prehensile edges of
fingers furnished with very unequal, stout, rounded teeth with dark brown,
horny caps. Tips of fingers acute.

Relationships. — The carapace of this species is considerably like that
of P. vigil (Fabricius),1 which to-day inhabits the East Indian region
and is found also in the post-Tertiary of Celebes, but in the latter the
anterior margin is arched, the antero-lateral spine projects strongly
sideways, and the chelae are not externally flattened. The smooth,
flattened fingers of P. domingensis are suggestive of Euphylax dovii,2
the podophthalmid which inhabits the west coast of tropical America.
I have placed the new species in Podophthalmus rather than in Euphy-
lax, by reason of the shape and distinct areolation of the carapace and
the strong lateral spines.

Family XANTHID^E.

Genus ZANTHOPSIS M'Coy, 1849.
Zanthopsis bartholomseensis, new species.

(Plate 8, Figure 3.)

Material. — Represented by a single carapace, the margin of which
is largely incomplete.

Holotype.—C&t. No. 166945, U. S. N. M.

Type locality. — St. Bartholomew: Orient Point; picked up at base,
but probably from limestone at top, of the section; Eocene; T. W.
Vaughan, collector; February 21, 1914; 6915; L. I. 72 (c) (1914).

The following is a description of this species :

Carapace approximately one-fifth wider than long, posterior half fairly
level, anterior half curving strongly downward toward the front and antero-
lateral margins. Mesogastric, protogastric, and cardiac regions well delimited.
The mesogastric region becomes suddenly wide behind the narrow anterior
part; this broad posterior pentagonal portion is elevated and smoothly
rounded; on each protogastric region there is a pair of tubercles forming a
transverse line of 4; in front of the inner tubercle of each pair, but a little
further from the median line, there is another tubercle; the cardiac region is
covered by an elevation smaller than that on the mesogastric region but
similar, that is, its anterior slope is shorter and steeper than its posterior.
The most conspicuous elevation is that on the branchial region at the widest
part of the carapace; it consists of two large transverse tubercles placed one
directly behind the other, or rather resembles a single elevation deeply
bisected transversely; there is a low swelling on the branchial region opposite
the gastro-cardiac suture. So far as can be made out, the antero-lateral
margin is unarmed. Postero-lateral margins strongly convergent. Along
these margins just behind the lateral angle there is a curved row of 3 upstand-
ing tubercles; further back there is a lower, smaller tubercle, and between
it and the posterior of the large tubercles there is still another, but minute,
tubercle.

1 Portunus vigil Fabricius, Entom. Syst,, Suppl., p. 363, 1798. Podophthalmus vigil Leach, Zool.

Misc., vol. 2, p. 149, plate 118, 1815.

2 Stimpson, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vol. 7. p. 226, plate 5, fig. 5, 1860.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 177

The width across front and orbits is about two-fifths of the entire width of
the carapace. The orbit is narrow, about one-third as wide as the front and
is probably subcircular. Only the upper margin of the left orbit remains and
its characters are obscured by cracks in the carapace. Edge of front lacking.

Of the various species of Zanthopsis described, this one most resem-
bles Z. leachii (Desmarest),1 which also is very uneven. The nodules,
however, are very differently disposed in the two forms. The marginal
tubercles are antero-lateral in leachii and postero-lateral in bartolo-
mceensis.

Genus PILUMNUS Leach, 1815.

Pilumnus subequus, new species.

(Plate 9, Figure 9.)

Type locality. — The Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3),
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Material. — Dactylus of right and major cheliped. Cat. No. 324484,
U. S. N. M.

The following is a description of this species :

A dactylus of small size, dark-colored, stout, strongly curved, with about
5 lines of punctae, and above at the proximal end 4 granules. Prehensile teeth
few (4 large and 1 small) , shallow, subtriangular. A common type of dactylus
among the numerous recent species of Pilumnus; the basal granules or spinules
are, however, usually more numerous.

ARCILEOPILUMNUS, new genus.

The following is a description of this genus :

Near Pilumnus.2 Carapace subquadrilateral, the penultimate tooth of the
side margins most prominent; surface rough and deeply sculptured, posteriorly
as well as anteriorly. Front bilobed, lobes concave, their outer angle pro-
duced but not dentiform. Orbit and basal antennal segment as in Pilumnus.
Chelipeds stout, rough, unequal ; fingers elongate, deflexed.

This genus is distinguished from Pilumnus chiefly by the fingers,
which are long instead of short and stout; by the posterior part of the
carapace being deeply sculptured, which is usually not the case in
Pilumnus; and by the outer angle of the front not being separated from
the remainder of the front.

Archaeopilumnus caelatus, new species.
(Plate 6, Figures 6 and 7; Plate 7, Figures 10 to 13; Plate 8, Figures 4 to 7.)

Type locality. — Lower half of the valley of the Yaqui del Norte
River, in the northern part of Santo Domingo, Haiti; probably lower
Miocene; W. M. Gabb, collector.

Holotype. — Male. Cat. No. 2261, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

1Compare fig. 1, plate 1, of Bell's Monograph of the Fossil Malacostracous Crustacea of Great

Britain, part 1, 1857.
2Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, vol. 11, pp. 309 and 321, 1815. Type, P. hirtellus (Linnaeus,

1761).

178 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Paratypes. — The paratypes are from the same locality as the holo
type: a, male, Cat. No. 2260; 6, female, Cat. No. 2262; c, male, and
d, female, Cat. No. 2263; all in Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of carapace of holotype on median line 34.3
mm., width of carapace 45.2 mm., width of front 13.2 mm., width
between outer angles of orbits 25.3 mm.

The following is a description of this species :

The regions are surrounded by deep furrows and are more or less sub-
divided. The epigastric lobes are separated from the protogastric, and the
crescentic urogastric lobe from the mesogastric; the hepatic lobe is separated
from the dentate lateral border, while the branchial region is divided into an
epibranchial lobe, which incloses the penultimate lateral spine, a mesobran-
chial lobe, which is divided in three, and a metabranchial lobe which is
separated partly from the cardiac region by a sharp, thumb-nail impression,
while it is anteriorly confluent with that region by a narrow connecting eleva-
tion; cardiac region truncate behind and longitudinally grooved in its anterior
two-thirds ; the elevation occupying the intestinal region is continued laterally
across the branchial region; the frontal region is separated from the edge of
the front by a shallow depression. The surface of the carapace is rough,
except in the furrows and on the epigastric lobes, the roughness consisting of
(1) subacute, somewhat imbricating, white-tipped tubercles, most evident
on the sides and posterior half, and (2) a mixture of blunter tubercles and
erosions on the middle of the anterior half. Antero-lateral teeth 5, thick,
subconical; the first one, at the outer angle of the orbit, is small, little advanced;
first interspace the greatest of all; fourth tooth largest, third tooth next in
size, fourth and fifth curved. Above the posterior margin a row of fine bead
granules. The marginal lobes of the front are bordered by 12 or 13 granules,
the lobes are more advanced at the inner angles, the outer angles are slightly
advanced, but not isolated, intermediate space concave, median sinus
V-shaped. Margin of orbit granulate, upper margin raised, edge biemar-
ginate, the notches continued backward in a furrow; a larger notch below the
outer angle; lower margin more advanced than upper, furnished with 2 stout,
granulated teeth, one of which is within the outer angle and the other at the
inner angle, next to the antennal segment. This segment touches with its
outer angle the bent-down edge of the front; it has a longitudinal granulated
ridge. A piece of the eyestalk shows a few small granules above at the base.

The chelipeds are unequal, the smaller palm about four-fifths as high as the
larger. Merus very broadly triangulate, not much longer than the distal
width, outer surface sparsely covered with sharp granules and tubercles;
upper margin with 3 spines, the distal one much the largest. Carpus rough
with short spines; the spine at the inner angle is large and bears a spinule on
its posterior margin. Manus armed with spines on the outer surface except
near the fingers, the spines arranged mostly in 6 or 7 irregular rows. The
lower edge of the propodus is sinuous, the distal half of the finger being
strongly deflexed; the dactylus is longer than the upper margin of the palm;
fingers with a few irregular teeth, a large tooth at the base of the dactyl in
the larger chela; fingers not gaping; dactylus spinulous on the basal third of
its upper margin; the dark color extends the full length of the prehensile
edges, but elsewhere in the larger chela it spreads over all but the very base of
the dactylus, in the smaller chela not so far; on the fixed finger the color
extends about three-fifths the length on the lower edge. The anterior surface
of the merus of the ambulatory legs and the posterior surface of the last leg
are granulate, the upper margin spinous; remaining joints of legs not visible.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 179

Abdomen (male) subtriangular, 7 segments separate, diminishing suc-
cessively in width from the third to the seventh; fifth segment longest, seventh
triangular.

Females: In the female the cheliped (only one is present) is smaller, the
propodus and dactylus more spinous, the fixed finger more horizontal. In
the male, the spines and tubercles of the manus disappear toward the lower
margin, in the female they become more numerous but smaller. In the
female there is not only a row of spines on the upper margin of the dactylus,
but a row of tubercles or granules on the outer surface.

Abdomen of female oblong-oval, second segment narrower than first and
third, sixth segment longer than fifth, seventh longer than sixth.

Variations. — In comparing the 5 specimens at hand the areoles of
the carapace appear more sharply cut in the small specimens than in
the large ones.

Genus PANOPEUS Milne-Edwards, 1834.
Panopeus, indeterminable species.

Material. — Distal end of the right immovable finger. From the
Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower
Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

The following is a description of this specimen :

This fragment might belong to any one of 3 common Recent species, viz,
P. americanus,1 occidentalism or herbstii.3 There is a deep groove on either
side not far above the lower margin, the grooves ending at the sinus above
the terminal tooth ; below there are 2 shallow grooves ; not far from the pre-
hensile teeth there is on either side a row of deep punctae. Teeth unequal,
only 10 preserved, and in general alternating large and small.

Genus and species indeterminable.

Material. — Distal end of a dactylus or movable finger. From the
Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower
Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

The following is a description of this specimen :

The fragment is not bent sideways, so that it is not clear whether it is a
right or left finger; it is bent strongly downward toward the blunt, distal end,
has no grooves, but a few punctae arranged in lines; occupying less than half
of the prehensile edge, at its proximal end are 4 tuberculiform teeth (2 large,
2 small, alternating) which are situated one side of the middle.

Family OCYPODID^:.
SANDOMINGIA, new genus.

The following is a description of this genus:

Carapace wide, wider at the antero-lateral than at the postero-lateral
angles; anterior margin moderately arcuate, emarginate at the outer fourth.
Front a narrow lobe, less than one-twelfth as wide as carapace. A lateral
tooth behind the orbital tooth.

1 Saussure, Rev. Mag. Zool., ser. 2, vol. 9, p. 502, 1857.

2 Saussure, loc. cit.

3 Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 403, 1834.

180 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

Orbits long, shallow trenches, extending the whole width of the carapace
except for the front, and bordered above except for the outer third by a narrow
surface of varying depth, similar to that in Uca ( = Gelasimus).

Sandomingia seems to be nearest Uca Leach,1 the genus of fiddler
crabs. Uca has the same shape of carapace, with similar depressions,
orbits occupying nearly the whole width of carapace, with a thickened,
bimarginate upper edge. On the other hand, in Sandomingia the
antero-lateral angle is bidentate, there is a definite notch in the upper
margin of the orbit, the orbit is very shallow, and the chelipeds are
large and equal.

The equality in the chelipeds suggests the possibility of this crab
being a portunid allied to the long-eyed forms, Podophthalmus and
Euphylax, but the latter have the orbits deeply hollowed at the outer
ends to hold the cornese and lack the facet-like upper margin of the
orbit.

Sandomingia yaquiensis, new species.

(Plate 8, Figures 1 and 2.)

Type locality. — Lower half of the valley of the Yaqui del Norte
River, in the northern part of Santo Domingo, Haiti; probably lower
Miocene; W. M. Gabb, collector; 1 specimen.

Holotype—Cat. No. 2257, Mus. Phila. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Measurements. — Length of carapace, exclusive of rostral lobe, 23
mm., width of carapace at antero-lateral angles (approximate, because
tips of teeth are broken off) 42 mm., width of frontal lobe at base 3 mm.

The following is a description of this species :

Carapace flat in the middle, sloping rapidly down to the anterior and lateral
margins; surface smooth and a little uneven; a shallow furrow defines the
gastric region. Anterior margin finely granulate, granules not in a single
row; lower edge of flat supraorbital space or "eyebrow" having a single row
of granules; "eyebrow" very narrow, height about one-fifteenth of its length
in a transverse direction, inner end at base of frontal lobe. Surface of orbit
smooth and shallow. Antero-lateral tooth an equilateral triangle; it and the
tooth behind it are separated by a U-shaped interspace and project about
equally sideways; the tips are broken off, so that it is impossible to tell exactly
about this.

Chelipeds equal; only a portion of the merus or arm-joint of each is visible;
it is stout, triangular in cross-section, upper surface concave and smooth,
posterior and inferior margins blunt and granulate, anterior margin subacute
and furnished with tubercles of varying size arranged in two irregular rows.

Superfamily OXYRHYNCHA.

Family PARTHENOPID^.

Genus PARTHENOPE Weber, 1795.

Parthenope (Platylambrus) obscura, new species.

(Plate 7, Figures 5 and 6.)

Type locality. — The Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3);
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

1 Edinb. Encyc., vol. 7, p. 430, 1814.

TERTIARY DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS. 181

Material. — Dactylus of right cheliped, holotype. Cat. No. 324487,
U. S. N. M.

The following is a description of this species :

The distal portion of the dactylus is lacking. The proximal end of the upper
surface is broad and flat and inclosed by 5 irregular granulated knobs; sides
compressed, in the middle slightly concave, and unevenly granulate, granules
most numerous on the inner surface. Prehensile teeth very low and flat, the
proximal tooth more than twice as large as the next one.

Relationships. — In its general characters resembles the dactylus of
the recent P. (Platylambrus) serrata (Milne-Edwards),1 which has a
shorter finger, prominences at proximal end above more spiniform,
sides not concave.

Parthenope, indeterminable species.
(Plate 7, Figures 8 and 9.)

Material. — Dactylus of right cheliped, from the Yaqui Valley at
Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3), Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J.
Maury, collector; 1916.

The following is a description of this species:

Resembles the preceding, but less curved and more slender, sides flat but
not concave, outer side more granulate than inner, and having an uneven,
longitudinal line of coarse granules not far above the fingers on the proximal
half; upper surface flattened along the proximal half, and bordered by stout
spines and spinules; one of these spines projects outward above the condyle
articulating with the palm on the outer side, and is seen at the top of figure 8
at the left-hand end; the condyle is broken off and shows in cross-section;
prehensile tubercles 10, the proximal pair confluent; tuberc]es low but better
developed than in the preceding species. Upper part of distal end of finger
missing.

Genus MESORHCEA Stimpson, 1871.

Mesorhoea mauryae, new species.
(Plate 7, Figures 1 to 4.)

Type locality. — The Yaqui Valley at Cercado de Mao (Bluff 3),
Santo Domingo; lower Miocene; C. J. Maury, collector; 1916.

Material. — Two specimens, a right manus with propodal finger
attached (holotype) and a right manus of smaller size, without fingers
but with carpus attached (paratype). Cat. No. 324489, U. S. N. M.

Measurements. — Length of holotype on outer margin, this being the
most complete, 8 mm. ; greatest height, measured on inner surface,
4 mm.

The following is a description of this species :

The holotype has 8 teeth on the upper margin, 13 on the outer and 10 on
the inner margin; teeth of outer and inner margins short, those of the outer
margin the smallest, those of the inner margin intermediate in size. The
inner surface widens greatly from the proximal to the distal end, lower surface

1 Lambrus serratus Milne-Edwards, Hist. Nat. Crust., vol. 1, p. 357, 1834.

182 GEOLOGY AND PALEONTOLOGY OF THE WEST INDIES.

of equal width throughout, outer surface a little wider in middle third than
toward ends.

Propodal finger short, slender, directed strongly inward and distad but
scarcely downward. It does not, however, reach distad beyond the line of
the upper margin of the palm.

The carpus has 5 low ridges which are finely tuberculate or granulate.

Relationship. — These short hands — short for the family Partheno-
pidae — belong without doubt to the genus Mesorhcea, having consider-
able resemblance to the Recent species, M . sexspinosa Stimpson,1 of the
Florida Keys and West Indies. In the latter the palms are a little
longer and slenderer and the inner and outer surfaces are concave.

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WEST INDIAN TERTIARY DECAPODA.

1866. GUPPY, R. J. LECHMERE. On the relations of the Tertiary formations of the West Indies;
with a note on a new species of Ranina, by Henry Woodward, Esq., F. G. S.; and on
the Orbitoides and Nummulinae, by Prof. T. Rupert Jones, F. G. S. Quart. Jour.
Geol. Soc. London, vol. 22, pp. 570-592, plate 26, 3 text-figures.

Name only, Ranina porifera, listed by Guppy on p. 572; locality indicated (p. 571)
as San Fernando beds, "lower Miocene," Trinidad, in "irregular dark-blue limestone,
containing numerous fossils generally converted into calcspar, or replaced by semi-
liquid asphalt."

1866. WOODWARD, HENRY. (See above under Guppy.) Note on a new species of Ranina (R.
porifera) from the Tertiary strata of Trinidad. Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London,
vol. 22, pp. 591-592, plate 26, fig. 18.

List of the known species of Ranina (p. 591). Description of R. porifera (p. 592) and
figure on plate 26, fig. 18.

1909. GUPPY, R. J. LECHMERE. Preliminary notice of a discovery of fossils in the Tamana Dis-
trict, Trinidad. Bull. Agric. Dept. Trinidad, pp. 5-6, 1 plate.

Describes the new species, Ranina cuspidata, and gives one figure (fig. 1) on the
plate. From Tamana beds, "lower Miocene," Trinidad.

1911. GUPPY, R. J. LECHMERE. On a collection of fossils from Springvale, near Couva, Trini-
dad. Papers Agric. Soc. Trinidad and Tobago, No. 440, laid before the Society
Dec. 20, 1910, pp. 1-15.

Ranina cuspidata listed (p. 14), with a reference to its original description.

>Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., vol. 2, 136, 1871.

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
PLATE 1.

FIGS. 1 to 7. Callianassa anguillensis, n. sp. FIGS. 8 to 13. Callianassa pellucida, n. sp.

1. Holotype, outer side of right manus 8. Paratype (6), outer side of right

X 1.4. man us, X 2.8.

2. Paratype (a), inner side of right 9. Paratype (a), outer side of right

manus, X 1.4. manus, X 2.8.

3. Paratype (a), outer side of right 10. Paratype (a), distal view of right

manus, X 1.4. manus, X 5.

4. Holotype, upper edge of right manus, 11. Paratype (a), lower edge of right

X 1.4. manus, X 2.8.

5. Paratype (d), outer side of left manus, 12. Holotype, upper view of left movable

X 1.4. finger (tip broken off), X 2.8.

6. Paratype (b), finger, X 1.4. 13. Holotype, outer and slightly ventral

7. Paratype (a), lower edge of right view of left movable finger, X

manus, X 1.4. 2.5.

PLATE 2.

FIGS. 1 to 6. Callianassa miocenica, n. sp. FIG. 5. Holotype, distal end of left manus,

1. Holotype, outer side of left manus, X 1.8.

X 1.9. 6. Holotype, upper edge of left manus,

2. Holotype, proximal end of left manus, X 1.9.

X 1.9. 7, 8. Podophthalmus domingensis, n. sp.

3. Holotype, inner side of left manus, 7. Holotype, dorsal view, nat. size.

X 1.9. 8. Holotype, anterior view, nat. size.

4. Holotype, lower edge of left manus,

X 1.9.

PLATE 3.

FIG. 1. Lyreidus fastigatus, n. sp. Holotype, FIG. 4. Paratype (a), cf, dorsal view, slightly

dorsal view of carpus of left cheliped, reduced.

X 3. 5. Paratype (b), outer view, slightly re-

2 to 7. Portunus gabbi, n. sp. duced.

2. Holotype, 9 , ventral view, slightly 6. Dactylus of left chela, inner view,

reduced. X 2.

3. Holotype, 9 , dorsal view, slightly 7. Same, outer view, X 2.

reduced.

PLATE 4.

Scylla costata, n. sp.

FIG. 1. Holotype, cf, dorsal view, X 0.85. FIG. 2. Holotype, cT, anterior view, X 0.85.

PLATE 5.

Scylla costata, n. sp.

FIG. 1. Holotype, cT, ventral view, X 0.87. FIG. 2. Holotype, cf , posterior view, X 0.87.

PLATE 6.

FIGS. 1, 2. Portunus gabbi, n. sp. FIG. 4. Paratype, inner view of cheliped, nat.

1. Paratype (a), d", part of ventral view, size.

nat. size. 5. Paratype, outer view of cheliped, nat.

2. Holotype, $ , anterior view, slightly size.

reduced. 6, 7. Archceopilumnus ccelatus, n. sp.

3 to 5. Scylla costata, n. sp. 6. Paratype (b), 9, ventral view, X 1.33.

3. Paratype, dorsal view of cheliped, nat. 7. Paratype (b), 9, dorsal view, X 1.33.

size.

183

184

DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.

PLATE 7.

FIGS. 1 to 4. Mesorhaea mauryce, n. sp.

1. Holotype, propodug of right chela,

outer view, X 3.75.

2. Same, inner view, X 3.5.

3. Paratype, carpus and propodus of

right cheliped, outer view. X 3.75.

4. Same, upper view. X 3.75.

5. 6. Parthenope (Platylambrus) obscura,

n. sp.

5. Holotype, dactylus of right chela,

inner view, X 3.

6. Same, outer view, X 3.

FIG. 7. Portunus tennis, n. sp., holotype, im-
movable finger of right chela,
outer view, X 3.
8, 9. Parthenope, sp. indet.

8. Dactylus of right chela, outer view,

X 3.5.

9. Same, inner view, X 3.5.

10 to 13. Archoeopilumnus cadatus, n. sp.

10. Paratype (6), 9, anterior view, XI. 4.

11. Holotype, cf, ventral view, X 1.33.

12. Holotype, cf, dorsal view, X 1.33.

13. Holotype, cf, anterior view, X 1.33.

PLATE 8.

FIGS. 1, 2. Sandomingia yaquiensis, n. sp., FIGS. 4 to 7. Archceopilumnus cadatus, n. sp.

holotype.

1. Dorsal view, slightly enlarged.

2. Anterior view, nat. size.

3. Zanthopsis bar tola mceensis, n. sp.,

holotype, dorsal view, X 1.4.

4. Paratype (c), cf, dorsal view, X 1.33.

5. Paratype (c), cf, ventral view, X 1.4.

6. Paratype (a), c?, dorsal view, X 1.37.

7. Paratype (d), 9, ventral view, X 1.4.

PLATE 9.

FIGS. 1, 2. Callinectes dediois Rathbun.

1. Dactylus of right chela, inner view,

X 2.

2. Same, outer view, X 2.

3. Cragonidae, gen. and sp. indet., tel-

son, dorsal view, X 3.1.

4. Eryonidae, gen. and sp. indet., ischium

of first right cheliped, upper view,
X 3.

5. Persephona prepunctata, n. sp., holo-

type, merus of right cheliped, upper
view, X 3.

6. 7. Paguridae, gen. and sp. indet.

6. Dactylus of left chela, upper side, X 3.

7. Same, lower side, X 3.

8. Cycloes bairdii Stimpson, piece of left

manus with propodal finger, outer
view, X 4.

FIG. 9. Pilumnus subequus, n. sp., holotype,
dactylus of right chela, outer view,
X 5.
10, 11. Callianassa latidigita, n. sp.

10. Paratype, dactylus of left chela,

upper side, X 4.

11. Same, holotype, propodal finger of left

chela, upper side, X 4.

12. Cal-appella (?), sp., piece of right

manus, outer side, X 3.
13 to 15. Petrochirus inequalis, n. sp.

13. H ilotype, right chela, outer view,

X1.5.

14. Same, showing dorsal view of both

chelae, X 1.5.

15. Same, ventral view (fingers pointing to

bottom of plate), X 1.5.

RATHBUN

PLATE 1

2

8

12

9

6

11

13

RATHBUN

PLATE 2

1

V

-W

RATHBUN

PLATE 3

.. •?•

> \

RATHBUN

PLATE 4

RATHBUN

PLATE 5

V

RATHBUN

PLATE 6

RATHBUN

PLATE 7

PLATE 8

RATHBUN

PLATE 9

.

13

MBI. WH01 1.1BKAKY

lilH IfiLH A

- - - - _ . - I, . - - -. , ...

--•-..• • . ••••••••••B

-:" :"|; , _
"

'.'-'.,.'- "

'. : ,v .
- -,•-- - -_ ',---..- .- '- "~

,: . : >^ ••: ir.-. _""!• , j.

a^Bei (iStiflsfsi£."Tr- ,^it K3 r